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J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, PRINTERS, ^, PARLIAMENT 6TREKT.
PREFACK
WE have in our present address the agreeable task of thanking
our Correspondents for many valuable and pleasing communica-
tions with which they have favoured us; and we also trusty
that our general readers are not dissatisfied with our attempts to
famish them with such information as arises in the short intervals
of time that are allowed us for the composition and arrangement
of our Work. The increasing number of Reviews and Magazines^
including the accounts of the transactions of learned Societies, is
not only a proof of a general spread of knowledge, and of an ad-
vanced stage of intellectual improvement, but is a most impor-
tant auxiliary to it. In every branch of science and art in the pre-
sent day, as soon as a discovery is made, or improvement sug-
gested, however remote or obscure the place from which it
proceeds, it is communicated as by an unbroken chain firom
mind to mind, till it has reached the remotest recesses of the
community, and has passed through the examination of the most
able and instructed judgments. In former days, a philosopher or
scholar, at Paris or at Rome, might be carrying on important ex-
periments, or effecting discoveries which would produce revolu-
tions in science, which might be for years unknown to those who
are employed in the same field of labour as himself, in London or
Edinburgh. All paths of literature were incumbered with the
same obstructions ; and knowledge was in a great measure de-
prived of the assistance which it derives from the combination
of congenial talents, stimulated and inspired by honourable asso-
ciation. These observations will apply to our own case as to
others, and the advantage of a rapid communication of knowledge
may be considered as the most powerful means of increasing it.
Another branch of our duty is to afford our readers a means of
forming a just and discriminate character of the books which are
placed before us for review. In this case we must act neither as
too partial friends, nor as prejudiced and interested enemies of
the author. It is very important for the young to form a correct
FBBFACB.
and manly taste, which would be deeply vitiated and hart v(
no discriramation used in ascertaining the character of the num.
rotts publications of the day ; many of which are the productions
of very inferior minds, and which are hurried prematurely into the
press, for purposes which have no honourable connexion with
the adrancement of knowledge, or the interests of sotuety.
But while a Reviewer's duty leads him to the discovery of faults,
he must also consider that it is part of his office to point out the
merits of the works before Mm ; neither private friendship, noi*^'
personal feeling, nor partial motives, must be suffered to interfere
with his decisions. If the judges of Literature as of Law ertf
become corrupt, they may be certain that they will rapidly fidi
into the contempt which they have provoked; their fonctioiu
irill be despised, their opinions disregarded, and the public will
have recourse to men of more honourable feelings, and more eiw
lightened minds. We trust that no such censure can ever be ajv
plicable to us ; and that when surpassed in ability, we are behind
none of our contemporaries in the desire of performing the duties
we have undertaken conscientiously,— so that we may satisfy both
the author and the reader of the integrity of the judgments wa
pronoimoe. We shall thus proceed in our course, flattering our-
selves that we have obtained by our conduct a considerable share
of the pubhc confidence and esteem ; and hoping to preserve it
by the same means by which it has been guned.
June 184a
-3;
ZZ T
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE.
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Top*jcn;^7 af
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ANTIQUARIAN
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HISTORICAl, CHROMCrt.
PronoCkiA* a
OBITUARY
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THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
JANUARY, 1840.
By SYLVANUS URBAN, Gent.
CONTENTS.
MiNOK CoRRBtPONDENCE. — For^rics of Ancient Coins — Col, John Jones, of
Ponmon, and Col. John Jones, the Regicide — Sir P. Columbers, &c o
Memoir op Robert Surtbes, Esq. F.S.A. by 6. Taylor, Esq 3
Letters of Sir Walter Scott to Mr. Surtees 19
The Royal Palace op Greenwich (with a Plate) 21
Goethe's Table-Talk — Victor Hugo— Manzoni, &c. See 25
The Sects and Obserrances of Hindoo Faqneers 28
The Dialect of Dorsetshire compared with the Anglo-Saxon 31
Review op the Designs por the Rotal Exchange 33
Sir Samuel Tuke, Bart, and Mr. Charles Tooke 37
The Marriage of Edward IV.— Baker's Northamptonshire, and Warkworth's
Chronicle • 38
Mr. D'Israeli and the Rey. Joseph Hunter on the Orthography of Shakespeare's
name 39
The Precedence of the Baronets of Nova Scotia 40
Topography of Southport, and the parish of North Meols, co. Lane 41
Moulded Bricks, of the reign of Henry VIII 46
Poetry. — Saliz Babylonica, by the Marquess Wellesley — Translation from Gold-
smith, by Sir Henry Halford, Bart ib,
RE^^EW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Disquisition on Shakespeare's Tempest, by the Rcy. Joseph Hunter, 49< — No-
land's Eyangelical Character of Christianity, 54. — Thompson's Life of Han-
nah More, 55. — Selections from Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity, 56. —
Keightley's Ovid's Fasti, 57. — Burbidge's Poems, 58. — Watts on the re-
puted Earliest English Newspaper, 59. — Giles's Lexicon of the Greek Lan-
guage 64. — The Youth of Shakespeare, 65. — Miscellaneous Reviews 66
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.
New Publications, 66. — Cambridge University, 68. — Westminster Play, ib, —
Royal Society, 70. — Botanical Society, 71. — Chelmsford Philosophical
Society, ib, — Royal Institute of Britbh Architects, 72. — Oxford Society for
promoting the Study of Gothic Architecture, 12. — Cambridge Camden
Society 72
ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.
Society of Antiquaries, 73. — Anastasi at British Museum, 77. — Barrow at
Thornborough, 78. — Ancient Cannon, ib, — Roman Inscriptions at Lincoln,
79. — Ancient Ship at Mount's Bay, ib, — Discovery of Coins, &c. Sic 79
HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.
Foreign News, 80. — Domestic Occurrences , gl
Promotions and Preferments, 83. — Births, 84. — Marriages ....•• 85
OBITUARY ; with Memoirs of the King of Denmark, 86.— Duke of Argyll, ib.
Earl of Kingston, 88. — Lord Dufferin and Claneboye, ib, — Lord George
Beresford, 89.— Gen. Hon. Sir H. King, lA.— Adm. Sir Peter Halkett, Bart.
00. — Major-Gen. Sir F. H. Doyle, Bart. ib. — Major-Gen. Sir Joseph
Maclean, ib. — Major-Gen. Sir W. Blackbume, 93. — Rear-Adm. Sir Samuel
Warren, t*.— Sir Andrew Halliday, 93.— Colonel Webb, 94.— Charles Hope
Maclean, Esq. t6.— Thomas Schultz, Esq. 95.— Rev. W. R, Hay, t^.—
William Smith, LL.D. 96.— Rev. George Turner 98
Clergy Deceased, &c. ike ,' • loi
Bill of Mortality — Markets — Prices of Shares, 111.— Meteorological Diary—
Stocks us
EmbcHiihcd with a View of the Palacb or GutiinrxcB.
MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.
Caution to Coin Collectors. — The Cork
Constitution paper, and the Hampshire
Independent, caution coin collectors
against a person who has lately been in
Ireland vending with great success a large
quantity of forged Roman, Greek, British
and Saxon, and Anglo-Gallic coins. It
is presumed this is the same individual
who was some months since in London
engaged in the same trade. A corre-
spondent at Winchester states he has re-
cently visited that town, but unsuccess-
fully, and is now supposed to be journey-
ing towards Bath and the West. He is
described to be a Scotchman, thin, gen-
teelly dressed, and about sixty years of
age, and he accounts for his possession
of the coins by being connected in mar-
riage with an eminent collector at Glas-
gow, recently deceased, and as the rela-
tives could not agree in the distribution,
he was entrusted with their sale. As
these imitations are certainly well exe-
cuted, it becomes the more necessary to
give the utmost publicity to all facts re-
lative to the impostor, and his mode of
passing off his forged stock.
Mr. Joseph Morris, of Shrewsbury,
requests us to correct a very erroneous
assertion which appeared in the memoir
of the late Sir T. J. Tyrwhitt Jones, Bart,
in our last number. The passage to
which he refers is this : — " He was line-
ally descended on the female side from the
ancient patrician stock of Jones of Chil-
ton-grove, in the parish of Atcham, and
of Shrewsbury. Of that family was the
regicide Colonel John Jones, brother-in-
law of Oliver Cromwell, and also his se-
cretary, whose residence was at Tonmon
[Fonmon is meant] Castle, co. Glamorgan,
who forfeited his life, and atoned for his
crime under the most bloody, horrid, and
ignominious sentence it was in the power
of the human mind to invent ; all which
he suffered with the heroism and courage
of the most undaunted character. His
descendant, Robert Jones, Esq., is the
present lord and proprietor.** — In the
first place, Robert Jones, Esq. of Fonmon
Castle, is not a descendant of Col. John
Jones, the regicide. His ancestor, Col.
John Jones, of Fonmon, was, undoubt-
edly, a Parliamentarian, but he was in no
way related to the regicide of the same
name ; neither was the regicide Colonel,
nor his namesake of Fonmon, in any way
related to the Joneses of Chilton -grove
and of Shrewsbury. Colonel John Jpnes,
of Fonmon, was a descendant of Bleddyn-
ap-Maenyrch, Lord of Brecon. The fa-
mily of Jones of Chilton-grove and of
Shrewsbury were the descendants of Welsh
ancestors originally seated in Denbigh-
shire ; and the late Sir Tyrwhitt Jones's
ancestor, Thomas Jones, of Shrewsbury
and Sandford, Esq. (afterwards Lord
Chief Justice), so far fi-om being of the
regicide family or opinions, was one of
the loyal Shropshire gentlemen taken pri-
soners by the parliamentary forces on
their capture of Shrewsbury, February 22d,
1644-5. Col. John Jones, the regioide,
was of Maes-y-gamedd, in the county of
Merioneth. Mr. Noble, in his Memoirs
of the Cromwell family, gives some par-
ticulars of him, and mentions his mar-
riage with Catharine, sister of the Pro-
tector. He had, however, been previ-
ously married to Margaret, daughter of
John Edwards, of Stansty, Esq. (a Den-
bighshire gentleman), and by her had a
son, John Jones, Esq. who was living at
Wrexham in 1702. A curious book, en-
titled, " The Indictment, Arraignmenty
Tryal and Judgment at large, of Twenty-
nine regicides, the Murtherers of His
Most Sacred Majesty King Charles the
First, of Glorious Memory,** printed in
1713, gives some particulars of Colonel
John Jones, but erroneously describes him
as of a '* mean family in Wales," whereas
he was a lineal but unworthy descendant
of Cadwgan, the son of Bleddyn-ap-Cyn-
fyn. Prince of Powys. Another old quarto,
of 88 pages, published in 1661, and en-
tided *' ENIAYTOS TEPA2TI02, Mira-
bilis Annus,** &c. contains, at page 43, a
singular anecdote connected with the
death of the regicide, and is confirmatory
of his being the Merionethshire Colonel,
because it refers to an occurrence that
took place on his property in that county
on the day of his execution, to which
event the fact is particularly referred."
D. A. Y. observes that, in the probate
of the will of Alicia de Columbers, printed
in our last volume, p. 587 note, the name
of her son should probably be Sir Philip
instead of Sir Peter, the former being the
name which appears in the Esch. 16 Edw.
III. Nos. 50 and 51.
T. G. inquires whether there is any
Engluth work treating professedly on the
Growth and Culture of Cotton. We can
only refer him to Watts*s Bibliotheca Bri-
tannica, where is a list of works on the
Cotton Manufacture^ and Thomson*s
translation of Lesteyric on its Culture,
and to a work published not long ago by
Mr. Baines, son of the M.P. for Leeds.
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
Memoir of Robert Surtees^ Esq.F.S.A, Author of the Historic and Afitiqui"
ties of the County Palatine of Durham. By George Taylor, Esq. of
Witton-le-JVear. (Prefixed to the History of Durham, VoLIKJfoL 1840.
IF there is any department of literature which England may claim
more eminently as her own, and in which she has had no successful rivals,
and indeed few competitors, it is that of County- History. The research
and ability with which such works are compiled, and the splendor and
beauty of decoration with which they are published, have long given them
not only an important rank in the libraries of the curious, but honorably
united them with the general records of history. We think tliat there
exists a strong national partiality for this kind of local chronicle, which
may be accounted for from the union of several causes 5 among which
" the boast of heraldry," and the love of our ancestral halls and par
temal domains, are assuredly not the least. Frenchmen and Italians con-
gregate like strings of bats in the dark streets and suburbs of cities 3 we
Englishmen love the breath and countenance of Nature, the beauty of her
cban^ng skies and scenery, the gorgeous drapery of her autumnal forests,
and those soft and delicious airs that come, as our great lyric poet describes,
to disclose the expecting flowers of spring, and to wake the richness of the
purple year. Within the galleries and halls of his noble mansion^ the En-
glish nobleman or gentleman beholds the cherished portraits of his ancestors^
who have bequeathed him his name, his honours, and his wealth, — the Sir
Bertrams, Sir Denzils, and Sir Lionels, of a former age ; without, he sees
the venerable oaks and time-scathed beeches, throwing their old shattered
and gigantic arms across his lawns and parks, coeval with the names of the
founders of his family : if not insensible as the clod of the valley which he
treads, must not his bosom be stirred by such scenes and thoughts as these }
He feels that the blood that flows in his veins is rich from the stream
of time 3 and that he has been born to the noble inheritance of an il-
lustrious name. Then, too, not seldom within these cherished domains,
and connected with them in the historic annals of his Land, are to be
found the half-ruined and ivy-cover'd castle — the dismantled fortress— or
the sequestered abbey, mouldering into beauty, as it decays, under the
gentle touch of time. Added to these, we possess antiquities not connected
with any particular family or name, but the property of all who can estimate
the treasures of their country. Here, uninjured by the storms of twenty
centuries, still stands a Roman gateway, perhaps on the very last point,
where, after its long unwearied flight, the Imperial eagle closed its ma-
jestic wings 3 here towers above the surrounding city-roofs the Norman
4 Memoir of Robert Surtees, Esq. F,S,A. [Jan.
cathedral, in its massive and noble proportions -, and here the more airy
aqd elegant structure of the later days of the Plantagenets, with all its
rich assemblage of clustered pillars and arches, its air-suspended roof, its
delicate tracery and exquisite carving, that gives even to the ponderous
material of stone, a lightness and grace, as it were a magic web woven by
fairy hands. Surely these are objects that must ever call forth the
curiosity, and even awaken the gratitude, of an enlightened age. And it
would be not less than a brutish insensibility to the genius and generosity
of the times from which we have inherited them, did we not endeavour to
rescue them from the partial oblivion in which they have been concealed,
to preserve them from further spoliation or decay^ and to distribute them
carefully and exactly into the different eras of the great and useful arts
to which they owe their origin. To such general causes we must add
those peculiar to our country and ourselves : for we must not only speak
of the love which in England was always felt for a rural life, and the
pursuits connected with it ; but to the demands which the constitution
of our country makes, and which are always acknowledged, for the re-
sidence of the proprietors of land on their estates.* Consequently, we have
in every part of our island a gentry and clergy enlightened above those of
any other country in Europe, diffusing civilization and knowledge in their
respective spheres. Fortunately, also, our painters have kept pace with
our scholars and men of learning ; and the art of engraving has arrived
at such a high degree of beauty and perfection, as has enabled it to throw
a new grace on the pages of literature, and give a more vivid and effective
perception of natural objects, than could be done by the descriptive pen.
It has lately been the fashion to repeat with applause Lord Verulam's
pithy saying, as if there were no fallacy in it, — *' that the antients were
the childhood, and that we arc the antiquity of the world.** If so, at least
it must be allowed, that theirs was a most lusty and vigorous infancy, and
that ours looks very like to a feeble and somewhat decrepit age : but,
whatever conclusions philosophic ingenuity can fetch from such reason-
ings, toe who rejoice in the name of ** Antiquaries," shall still continue to
look up with reverence and curiosity to the noble remains of the medi-
aeval and following ages, which have been so richly strewn, and are now
so carefully preserved, throughout our Land, as long as we have eyes to
admire, and pens to record their value. In the present day, he would be
a man of a bolder nerve than we arc, who should dare to cut down the
mulberry tree under which Shakspcare sate, or demolish the remains of the
venerable mansion, the embellishment of wliich was the favourite oc-
cupation of Bacon's declining days.
Foremost among those who have deserved well of their country in this
branch of literature, the name of Mr. Surtees will eminently be found 3 for
he possessed in a remarkable degree the qualities requisite to form a County
Historian, He had an accurate knowledge of the general history of his
country — a familiar acquaintance with its local records — he was a classical
scholar — a man of taste and poetical feeling, — was indefatigable in com-
piling materials, careful and judicious in using them -, and he also possessed
that love of his subject and zeal in prosecuting his favourite inquiries, which.
♦ The rebuke of James the First to the country gentlemen who flocked to London,
and lived at the court, at an expense ruinous to their estates, and injurious to their
tenantry and dependants, is too well known to repeat.
1840.]
Memoir of Robert S^rUes, Esq. F.8A.
if it does not alone ensure a successful prosecntion of them, shows, when it
is absent, at what valoe it most be esteemed. We shall now proceed to lay
before onr readers a short sketch of the life ofthis Tery excellent and en-
lightened person, taking it from the more copions narrative of his biographer :
and lamenting that we are obliged, for want of space,to omit mnch that would
be absolntely necessary for the complete portrait of his person and mind.*
Mr. Sortees was bom in Durham, on the Ist of April 1 779 j his child-
hood was passed with his parents in the retirement of their hereditary
seat at Mainsforth, in the conoty of Durham, occasionally Taried by a
winter visit to York, which was a kind of metropolis to the northern fa-
milies, as Norwich and Ipswich were to th<f eastern ; for a journey to
London from any remote proyince was almost as formidable in those days
as it was in the time of Vanbrugh, who has described the important prepa-
rations for it, with so much humour and vivacity in the Provoked
Husband. Mr. Surtees' parents were persons of good sense and general
information ; his father possessed a refined taste, and considerable talent
in the arts of design and engraving, as may be seen in the vignettes which
ornament his son's volomes, and in some spirited sketches and pictures in
his own house at Mainsforth. Young Surtees lived with his parents as
with his companions, and his tastes and habits were soon assimilated to
theirs ; their occupations formed his amusements ; he loved books, and
cultivated flowers ; and in his excursions to York he purchased any an-
cient coins which the gardeners whose grounds he frequented had di^
up. His friend Mr. Raiue says :
" The fint time I was in York was in
the company of Surtees. On the left
band, as yon approach Bificklegate-Bar, is
an ancient archway, the only portion re-
mammy of the old Priory of the Trinity,
the lite ofwUch is now a garden, and I well
remember his remark as we passed the
door : * There, Raine, when I was a lad,
I picked np now and then a coin ; they
find them erery day ; let ns go in, and see
what he has got now.* We went in, but
the gardener was not at home. He often
talked io me of what had evidently made
a great impression on his mind, the dis«
corery, on the excavation for a cellar in the
same street, of the grare of a yonng
Roman lady, boried ^parently with great
care ; the skeleton was in a stone coflhi,
filled with the purest water, the bones
all perfect and in situ. This grave was suf-
fered to remain undisturbed, and it is now,
or at least was twenty years ago, exhibited
for a shilling to the curious in those mat*
ters."
His parents, however, appear not only not to have promoted but even
to hare checked the desire for attainments which might haply lead to
yovthfnl vanity and display, and it appears that he did not learn to write till
be was in his seventh year. The companions of bis juvenile sports and stu-
dies were the sons of General Beckwith. Mr. Surtees used to talk with great
deikht of the happy days they used to spend in fishing in the Com forth
becK« entrusted to the care of old Dixon, who had charge of the grey-
boondfl of his uncle, Capt George Surtees of the Navy. In May 1/^^^ he
was sent to a public school at Houghton-lc-Spring, a school founded by
the venerable Bernard Gilpin, and then presided over by the Reverend
UlUiam Fleming, of Queen's college, Oxford. He distinguished himself
by \m skill and taste in the composition of Latin verse. On one occiision.
Lord Thurlow, the uncle of the rector, had been refused his rctiuest of a
holiday for the boys -, but, on Surtees showing up a copy of verses, the
* We veatvre to express a hope that this interesting pioce of biography may be
pdbbahed separately in octavo. We are sure that it will be gratefully rtxeivcd by the
6 Memoir of Robert Surtees, Esq. F.S./i, [Jan.
master was so delighted with them, that he exclaimed, " Lads, I would not
give you a holiday for his lordship, but I will give you a holiday for Bob
Surtees/' His pursuits, however, were not exclusively classical, as his
biographer informs us 5 his mind had received an early bent to the study
of antiquities, and of the topographical history of his native county 3 he
preserved documents ; and made excursions after coins to Durham, and
Sunderland, and other places ; from these he made drawings. An old
woman of the name of Carter kept a little shop at Houghton, and
weighed her articles with pieces of old copper coinage ; these found their
way into Surtees* collection. As early as the year 1790^ he had began to
turn his attention to a Histbry of Durham. Mr. Pemberton says, that he
rode with him to see various places in the neighbourhood -, he was full of
anecdote respecting them, and the owners of the properties in former
times. At Houghton school he formed an intimacy with the family of the
Robinsons of Herrington, with whom he spent some of the holidays. To this
early intimacy may be traced that long attachment, which terminated after-
wards in marriage with a sister of his youthful friends.
On his leaving Houghton, Surtees was placed^ in September 1793, under
the care of Doctor Bristow at Neasdon, near London. Here he formed ac-
quaintance with Reginald Heber, Sir Walter Brisco, and others. In 1795
he was matriculated at Oxford and entered as a commoner of Christ
Church. His friend Mr. Mundy says, he was called " Greek Surtees j"
and his fellow collegian Mr. W. W. Jackson, of Normanby, in Yorkshire, has
communicated the following notices of his course of life at the University.
** Surtees* tutor was' the Rev. M. of paying much attention to that «part of
Marshy now Canon of Salisbury. During classic exercise ; but when the opportunity
hia stay atOxford, his habits were studious, arrived, he said to a friend who survives
He read Herodotus, at least the greater him — * that he did not know why a man
part of it. The whole of Thucydides and should not make verses as well as any-
Euripides, the Hellenics and Anabasis of thing else,' — and to work he set. He
Xenophon, Diodorus Siculus, and Poly- afterwards observed — ' it was rather hard
bius, great part of Juvenal and Pcrsius, work at first, but I knocked on, and it
the whole of Livy, the public orations of came.' Out of six copies of verses which
Demosthenes, several plays of iEschylus, he sent, four received the distinction of
and Aristophanes, the Olympias of Pin- being publicly recited. He retained the
dar, and Aristotle's Rhetoric. He gene- facility thus acquired through after life,
rally gained great credit at the examina- It was about this time observed of him by
tion at the end of each term, known by his tutor, that — ' from his abilities he was
the name of Collections. These were at- likely to succeed and to be distinguished in
tended and conducted by the dean, the whatever he undertook.' Although hii
tutors and censors of the college. Besides habits were studious, his application was
the college lectures in mathematics, not so intense as to interfere with his
logic and rhetoric, he attended those of hours for exercise and moderate enjoy*
the University in anatomy and natural ment. Among the companions of hit
philosophy ♦ * ♦ He exerted himself a studious, or social hours, were Mr. Hal-
good deal in the composition of what lam, the philosophical historian, Mr. Page,
were called Lent verses. Each copy afterwards master of Westminster, Mr.
contained generally not more than Kirkpatrick Sharp, known as a gentleman
twelve or twenty lines. It was an an- of antiquarian research and poetical taste,
nual exercise peculiar to Christ Church, Lord Fitzharris, and others, scarcely of
on subjects chosen by the writers, and six inferior note. ♦ ♦ ♦ He was fond, even
copies were usually expected from the then, of miscellany reading ; but his fa-
competitors. They were subjected to the vourite pursuit was undoubtedly history ;
eye of the censor, who selected from among and even as an undergraduate he was
them such as he thought worthy of being planning and making preparations for his
publicly read. Although the composition future History of Durham. In the spring
of LAtin verses was not entirely strange of 1797 Mr. Surtees was called from Ox-
to Mr. Surtees, yet he had never been in ford by the alarming illness of his mother,
the habit, either at school or subsequently, who died in her 61st year. His penKHwl
18400 Memoir of Robert Surtees, Esq. F.8jt. 7
appearance about thii time, when he was beneath the dignity of a man/ Scott, in
nineteen, is thus described : — 'he was ra- a letter to Southey in 1810, says — * if
ther abore the middle size, broadly made, you* make any stay at Durham, let me
with obtuse features and pale complexion, know, as I wish you to know my friend
and his hair was already grizzled. His Surtees of Mainsforth. He is an excellent
dress and manners were plain : he seemed antiquary, some of the rust of which
to despise the grimace of fashion : as iiis study has clung to his manners ; — but he
friend Pemberton says — * he hated being is good-hearted, and you would make the
taoght dancing at school, considering it summer day short between you.' *'
Id Nov. 1800^ having taken his degree of Bachelor of Arts, Mr. Sur-
tees removed to London, and became a member of the Middle Temple.
** Surtees/' says Mr. Pemberton, " entered there in consequence of his
acquaintance with the present Lord Kenyon and his brother, sons of the
then Chief Justice. I entered there to be near Surtees. He himself used
always to say, that he became a member of the Middle Temple on account
of their having a good dinner for a very reasonable sura, with a bottle of
ffood old DomuS'Wine among each four, given gratuitously by the Benchers/'
He at first became a pupil of the late Judge Richardson, then an eminent
special-pleader -, but in a few days was convinced that special pleading
would be of little use to him as a country gentleman, and preferred studying
the law of real property. He was attentive and studious during the short
period that he remained engaged in his legal pursuits 3 but he finally left the
Temple in 1802, on the death of his father, and in his 24th year he became
established for life on his estate at Mainsforth. He was now employed in
collecting materials for his History of Durham -, but his exertions im-
paired his healthy and to lighten his labours he not only employed an
amanuensis in the transcription of documents, but also made excursions
to Harrogate, and other places. " He was generally," says Mr. Raine,
" when his health permitted, moving from place to place in search of in-
formation. He was driven about in his gig by his man, Henry Shields,
who for a while liked the employment, but at last he became fairly tired of
it. * Sir,' said he once to me, ' it was weary work, for master always
stopped the gig : we never could get past an auld bidding.* *' He
varied his pursuits with the study of botany, and made practical expe-
riments in gardening and farming, some of which were reported to the
Board of Agriculture, in Bailey's General View of the Agriculture of
the County of Durham, in 1810. Yet, after all his love of knowledge,
Mr. Surtees justly looked upon his pursuits merely as the amusing
occupation of the leisure hours of his life. His mind was deeply and firmly
impressed with the trutli of religion, and he studied the evidences of it
with care. To the ministers of the church he never failed in shewing the
respect due to their office. He was heard to say to one of his tenants,
*' Richard, you used to be a regular attendant upon church : how comes it
that I have not seen you thereof late ?" ** Why, bir, the parson and I have
quarrelled about tithes." ** You fool," was the reply, " is that any reason
why you should go to hell r" The regularity of his studies about this time
was much impeded by the increasing weakness of his health. His friend
Sir Cuthbert Sharp observed that his habits had become desultory, and he
thus describes them in his Recollections :
'* The manner in which Mr. Surtees wrote hastily write down the resultofhigmusings ;
his History wasvery peculiar. Heneversatc but his ideas crowded on his mind so rapid-
down doggedly to write, but would wander ly, and his fancy was so exuberant, that hit
about on a spacious gravel walk in front of pen could not keep pace with his creative
hu home, and having well considered his imagination ; and the consequence was,
subject, he would come to Ma library, and that his words were bat half written, or
8
Correspondence of Sir Walter Scott and Mr. Surtees, [Jan.
simply hieroglyphic indications, and no-
body but himself could read what h^ had
written, and that not always ; yet he
would afterwards amplify, and make his
words more legible. For sending his copy
to the press, the different paragraphs and
sentences were generally pinned or wa-
fered together, and numbered. The
compositors had many difficulties to en-
counter in decyphering his writing, and
frequently mistook his meaning alto-
gether. Yet he never found fault ; but,
on the contrary, he was amused with the
mistakes of the press, and he would recall
at pleasure his former thoughts — for the
ideasr being once fixed in his mind, the
correction of the press was a matter of
little difficulty. He never had any ' Copy '
ready until it was absolutely wanted. He
said, he never held a stock in hand, but
he could always provide for the current
day's work.**
We must now turn our attention to his correspondence with Sir Walter
Scott. To that illustrious person Mr. Surtees communicated some
information relative to the Border Minstrelsy^ and the answer was as
follows :
<<T0 ROBERT SURTEES, ESQ.
MAINSFORTH, NEAR RUSHYFORD.
** Sir, — I have to beg your acceptance
of my best thanks for the obliging com-
munications with which I am this day
favoured ; and am much flattered to find
that my collections have proved at all in-
teresting to a gentleman whose letter
proves him so well acquainted with Nor-
thumbrian antiquities. I have only to
regret that a new edition of the Minstrelsy
of the Scottish Border has just issued
from the press, so that I must treasure up
your remarks for a future opportunity.
** I had begun to suspect that Whitfield
of Whitfield might be the person of whom
Hobbie Noble expresses some apprehen-
sions ; and as I see in Wallis*8 History of
Northumberland, that, about the close of
the sixteenth century, Ralph Whitfield
was at the head of the family, I have ex-
pressed my opinion that Ralph Whitfield
had in recitation been corrupted into
Earl of Whitfield, as the words are very
similar in sound, though not in sense or
spelling. But your very curious observa-
tions lead me to hesitate, and think the
original reading of Earl may be the right
one.
** I am here so far from books and
authorities, that I cannot say anything
with certainty on the subject of Ralph
Eure. Certain it is that the Scotch his-
torians call him Lord Eure, but that, ac-
cording to the loose practice of giving the
father's title to the son, common in these
days, is no argument against your proofs,
which indeed seem irrefragable.
«*The Knights of St. Michael were,
according to the best of my recollection,
called Knights of the Cockle ; but having
no authority to consult, I may be mis-
taken. The ornament or badge seems
more appropriate to the Knights of St.
James of Compostella.
" Your story of the Goth who melted
Lord £ure*8 chaiD, reminds me of the
1
fate of a beautiful set of rosary-beads,
which James V. of Scotland gave to one
of his godsons, and which fell into the
hands of an old lady, who had the cruelty
to dispose of the best part of it, ft la/ofon
of the proprietor of Witton Castle.
'' Poor Ritson's MSS. were sadly dis-
persed. Indeed, in the alienation of mind
which preceded his death, he destroyed
many which contained the memoranda of
the labours of years. There is a copy of
Musgrave, in the Roxburgh or Pearson
Collection of Ballads, which I hope to
get copied when I go to London. It
seems to be that very favourite song of
' Plumpton Park,* which is often referred
to as a popular air. There was another
ballad in the collection of poor Ritson,
of which he would not give me a copy,
and which I fear is lost. It was called
* Raid of Rookhope,* and, as I think,
was picked up from recitation somewhere
in the Bishopric or Northumberland. It
contained some account of a skirmish be-
tween the Tynedale men and those of
Rookhope, in which the former were
beaten ; with a curious enumeration of the
clans on both sides. Perhaps these hints
may enable you, or some friend carious in
these matters, still to recover it.
** The fragment with which you favoured
me seems to refer to a ballad current in
Scotland, the burden of which runs,
* With a hey and a lilv gay.
And the rose it smells sae swetly.'
But one or two verses of your fragment
are much more poetical than those of our
old song. The bride's brother kills the
bride. It is printed by Jamieson, in his
Select Ballads, lately published by Con-
stable of Edinburgh, in which you will, I
think, find some other curious matter. I
am. Sir, with my best thanks for your
polite attention,
'* Your obliged and
very humble servant.**
*' /t9heiteilj by Selkirk,''
18400 Memoir qf Robert SurteeSy Esq. F.S.A. 9
Bot how shall we narrate the next circnrastance that appears in the
history of these learned men ? how sootli the indignation of all brother
antiqaaries ? how palliate the offence of a grave imposition practised by
the Falatinate Historian on the credulity of the Border Minstrel ? We
blush as we write, but perforce the story must appear^ and^ as it comes to
light, we almost fancy that we hear an indignant groan breathing amid the
roined pillars of Melrose, and rebuking the treachery which to the living
ear of the bard was never disclosed.
Mr. Surtees gave a copy of a Border ballad ^^ on the Fued between
the Ridleys and Feathers tones/* from the recitation of an old woman on
Alston Moor, accompanied with glossarial explanations, and learned histo-
rical notes, to identify the personages alluded to, and to determine the date
of the transaction. Scott was delighted with this accession to his col-
lection, and did not doubt the genuineness of the piece, It accordingly was
introdaced as a valuable gem of antiquity into the twelfth note to the first
canto of Marmion, published in the beginning of 1808, as furnished by his
friend and correspondent, R. Surtees, Esq. of Mainsforth* Now all this
was a merejigment, a sport, a frolic of an antiquary s brain ! ! It is proved
by more than one copy of the poem being found among his papers, cor-
rected and interlined. The imposition was never acknowledged. In
the Minstresly, published in 1831, the ballad of Featherstonhaugh still
retains its place, with all its borrowed plumes and fictitious air, un-
detected ! ! !
Mr. Surtees subsequently wrote to Scott, urging him to continue his
interesting collections to the periods of 1715 and 1745; also promising
him a ballad — '' Lord Derwentwater's Good Night." We insert Scott's
answer.
** TO a. fiURTBXS, ESQ. MAIN8FQRTH chorus. The Raed of Rookhope, such
BT RUSHTFORD, BISHOPRIC OF parts of it at least as I have seen, re-
DURH AM. sembles extremely the Fray of Saport, and
" Dear Sir,— I waa much obliged tod the verses you have so kindly sent me ;
intefwted by your long and curious letter. "»d none of them are like any Scottish
The fray between the Ridleys and the hallad I ever saw.
Featherrtonchaughs is extremely curious, " You flatter me very much by point-
and icemf to have been such a composition '^^ o^t to my attention the feuds of 1715
aa that in the Border Minstrelsy called the and 45 :— the truth is, that the subject has
Fray of Suport, which I have heard sung. oft«n and deeply interested me from my
I wffl certainly Uisert it, with your per- earliest youth. My great-giundfather was
mlssioii, in the next edition of that work ; out, as the phrase goes, in Dundee's wars,
aad I am only sorry that it wUl be some and in IT 15 had nearly the honour to be
tiaae before I can avail myself of it, as the hanged for his pains, had it not been for
third edition is just out of press. Your the interest of Duchess Anne of Buccleuch
notes upon the parties concerned give it and Monmouth, to whom I have at-
an the faiterest of authenticity, and it tempted, post hmgo intervallo, to pay a
most rank, I suppose, among those half- debt of gratitude. But, besides thU, my
serious, half-lu«ficrou8 songs in which the father, although a Borderer, transacted
poeU of the Border delighted to describe business for many Highland lairds, and
what they considered aa the sport of particuUrly for one old man, called Stuart
9W9rds, It is, perhaps, remarkable, of Invemahyle, who had been out both in
though it maybe difficult to guess areason, 1715 and 1745, and whose tales were the
that these Cumbrian ditties are of a dif- absolute delight of my childhood. I be-
ferent stanza, character, and obviously Heve there never was a man who united
sang to a different kind of music, from the ardour of a soldier and tele-teller, or
those on the Northern Border. The man of telk, as they caU it in Gaelic, in
gentleman who collected the words may, such an excellent degree ; and as he was
perhaps, be able to describe the tune, as fond of teUing aa I was of hearing, I
fiat of the Fray of Suport is a wild mde became a raliant Jacobite at the age of
Idnd of reclUtivo, with a very outrageous ten years oU ; and even since nwsoii and
Gent. Mao. Vol. XIII. C
10
Memoir of Robert Surlees^ Esq. F.S.A*
[Jan.
reading came to my assistance, I have
never quite got rid of the impression
which the gallantry of Prince Charles
made on my imagination. Certainly I
will not renounce the idea of doing some-
thing to preserve these stories, and the
memory of times and manners, which,
though existing as it were yesterday, have
so strangely vanished from our eyes.
Whether this will be best done by collect-
ing the old tales, or by modernising them,
as subjects of legendary poetry, I have
never very seriously considered ; but your
kind encouragement confirms me in the
resolution that something I must do, and
speedily. I would be greatly obliged to
you for the *'Good Night of Lord Der-
wentwater." I have a stall-copy of a
ballad so entitled, very similar to that
published by Ritson. in a small thin 12mo.
entitled the Northumberland Garland, or
some such thing. Ritson* s copy and mine
agree in the main, and begin
* Mackentofth was a soldier brave,
And of his A-iends he took his leave,
Toward Northumberland he drew,
Marching along with a valiant crew.'
This is a miserable ditty in all respects ;
and as it does not contain either of the
verses in your letter, I hope yours is either
entirely another song, or a very superior
edition of the same.
ti
The extract of the ghostly combat
between Bulmer and his aerial adversary,
is like the chapter of a romance, and very
curious. I am much obliged to you for
the trouble you have taken of transcribing
it. The story of the nocturnal proclama-
tion at the cross of Edinburgh, summon-
ing all the leaders of the Scottish army to
appear before the tribunal of Plotcock
(Pluto, I suppose,) occurs in Pitscottie's
History of Scotland. I think he gives it
on the authority of the person who heard
the proclamation ; and, hearing his own
name in the citation of the infernal herald,
appealed from Plotcock *s tribunal to that
of God, and threw a florin over the balcony
in which he was walking, in evidence of
his protest. He was the only man of the
number cited who escaped death at the
fatal field of Flodden. — I have some part
of a poem or tale upon this subject, which
I will be happy to shew you one day.
*' Once more, my dear sir, pray per-
severe with your kind intentions towards
me, and do not let me lose the benefit
your correspondence holds out to
•* Dear Sir, your most
obliged humble servant,
"Walter Scott.
"Ed'mhurgh, Mth
December^ 1806."
Mr. Snrtees next communicated to Scott a stanza of the '* Raid of
Rookhope/* and fragments of other ballads, which brought the following
reply.
'* WALTER SCOTT, ESQ. TO R. SURTEES,
ESQ.
*' My dear Sir, — I cannot express how
much I am obliged to you for your kind
communications, which I value as I ought
to do. The Raid of Rookhopc, so un-
expectedly recovered, is a very curious
piece ; and rendered much more so by
your illustrations. I willingly acknow-
ledge Mr. Frank's kindness, by sending
such of his uncle's letters as I have been
able to recover. I think I have one or
two more, but I fear they are at my farm
in Ettricke Forest. Mr. Frank is per-
fectly at liberty to print any part of them
he pleases, excepting those passages
round which I have put a circumflex with
a black-lead pencil, which he will see
reasons for my wishing omitted. I had a
great kindness for poor Mr. Ritson ; and
always experienced from him the readiest,
kindest, and most liberal assistance in the
objects of our joint pursuit, in which he
was so well qualified to direct the re-
searches of an inferior antiquary. One
thing I observed in his temper, an atten«
tion to which rendered communication
with him much more easy than if it was
neglected. It was, that Mr. Ritson was
very literal and precise in his own state-
ments, and expecting you to be equally so,
was much disgusted with any loose or in-
accurate averment. I remember rather a
ludicrous instance of this. He made me a
visit of two days at my cottage, near Las-
wade, where I then spent the summer. In
the course of con versing on such subjects,
we talked of the Roman Wall ; and I was
surprised to find that he had adopted, on
the authority of some person at Hexham,
a strong persuasion that its remains were
nowhere apparent, at least not albove a
foot or two in height. I hastily assured
him that this was so far from being true,
that I had myself seen a portion of it
standing almost entire, high enough to
break a man's neck. Of this Ritson took
a formal memorandum, and having visited
the ])1ace, (Glenwhelt, near Gisland,) he
wrote back to me, or rather I think to
John Leyden, *■ that he had seen the wall ;
that he really thought that a fall would
break one's neck ; at least it was bo bigli
1840.]
Memoir of Robert Surtees, Esq. F.S.A.
11
as to render the experiment dangerous.' I
immediately saw what a risk 1 had been
ia, for you may beliere I had no idea of
bdng tsd^en quite so literally. I was very
indignant at the insult offered to his me*
mory, in one of the periodical publications,
after his decease ; imputing the unfortu-
nate malady with which he was afflicted
to Proridential rengeance and retribution,
for which the editor, in exact retributive
justice, deserved to be damned for a
hntal scoundrel.
** Aa a friend going towards London
has promised to drop the parcel contain-
ing Ritson's letters at Rushyford, I add a
womJI volume of ancient modem ballads
and traditions, composed by one of our
shqpherds, (I do not speak in Arcadian
phraae, but in literal Ritsonian strictness,)
of whicli I beg your acceptance. You will,
I think, be pleased both with the prose
and verse of this little publication ; and
if you can give it any celebrity among
yoar friends, who may admire ancient lore,
you will do service to a worthy and inge-
nious lad, who is beating up against the
tide of adversity. 1 must now tell you,
(for I think your correspondence has
been chiefly the cause of it,) that by call-
ing my attention back to these times and
topics which we have been canvassing,
you are likely to occasion the world to be
troubled with more border minstrelsy.
1 have made some progress in a legendary
poem, which is to be entitled Mannion,
or a Tale of Flodden-Field. It is in six
Cantos, each having a Venvoy^ or intro-
ductory epistle, in more modem verse.
In the first Canto I have introduced a
verse of the Thirlwalls, &c. Marmion, on
an embassy to Scotland, is entertained at
Norham Castle, by Heron, the captain of
tliat fortress, —
' He led Lord Mannion to the dais.
Raised o'er the pavement high,
And placed him in the upper place ;
They feasted full and high.
Meanwhile a Northern harper rude
Channted a rhyme of deadly feud ;
' How the fierce Ridleys and Thirlwalls all,
Stout Willemoteswick,
And hard-riUing Dick,
And Httgfaie of Hawdon, and Will of the Wall,
Have set on Sir Albany Fcathenitonehau^h,
And taken his life at the dead man's shaw.*
Seantly Lord Marmion's ear could brook
The harper's barbarous lay ;
Yet much he praised the pains he took.
And well those pains did pay ;
For lady's suit and minstrcPs Mtrain
By Knight should ne'er be heard in vain.'
** In the notes I will give your copy of the
ballad and your learned illustrations. Holy
Island if one of my scenes : also Whitby.
I have occasion for an Abbess of Whitby,
and also for a Nunnery at Lindisfarae,
There were nuns in both places, as well as
monks; both of the order of St. Benedict:
but I suspect I am bringing them down
too late by several centuries ; this, how-
ever, I shall not greatly mind. 1 fear I
shall be obliged to go to London this
Spring, which may throw me behind in
my poetical labours, which, however, are
already pretty well advanced.
'' I wonder what other ballads Mr.
Ritson intended to insert in the little col-
lection, of which the Raid of Rookhope is
one ; and should like very much indeed to
have a complete set of the leaves, if Mr.
Frank could favour me so far. If he has
any intention of publishing them, 1 will
with pleasure postpone my curiosity. The
Latin song, which you mention as a fa-
vourite of the old hero of 1745, was pro-
bably Kennedy's Pralium GilUcrankiense,
in leonine Latin, which I translated into
doggrel verse, at Ritton's instance, and
for his collection. If Mr. Frank wishes
to dave those verses which are alluded
to in Mr. R.'s letters to me, I will send
them. They are absolute doggrel, but very
literal. I also translated for him Let
Souvenirs de Chastelain, ' Down Plump-
ton Park * seems to have been a favourite
tune. There are many references to it.
As the Duke of Roxburghe's library is in
a state of abeyance, I may not easily find
access to the copy which is there. Will
you, therefore, excuse my requesting you,
not to write out the song yourself, (which
if you hate copying as much as I do will
be but a tedious task,) but to find some
one to make me a copy. The Dialogue
between Jenny Cameron and her Maid I
have seen. I like some of the simple
strains in Lord Derwentwater's Complaint
very much indeed, and am impatient to
see it ; though I should be ashamed to say
so. after the trouble I have already given,
and am to give you. Ritson had a ballad
with a simple Northern burden
* The oak, the ash, and the ivy tree,
O, they flourish best at hame, in the North
country.'
Do you know any thing of it "i
" I dare not again read over this
scrawl, which has been written at our
Court table, while the Counsel were plead-
ing the great cause of the Duke of Rox<*
burghe's succession. So pray excuse mis^
takes, and believe me,
•• Dear Sir,
[The remainder has been cut out.]
•• Edinhuryhy Feb. J I, lh(»7.
** Of course Mr. Frank will take [care]
of, and return, the origiuals of Mr. Rit«
son's letters to me.
• ••
.:* in
•1 r
■ \ ^ «•
1 .
I-^A Jan.
rriiNiHTdUsK fin Mr.
IK !!::imrd Mi8« Anoe
::i::L'lit(T of Kalph
..:i . leu nmrnsiri'S, it if
«
:iif iiurticb. He nov
::.:iif o:'trn o%crflnired
■ t!i'>iir)it iiifr house had
.1 pMtjiortioii to the
:.> Ill Ti.irii: uas spent in
' •! r tf luutfb-baiik,
•• . 1. ••iiiiinf. fn»ni seed
:.:i . f^Tif ;:J jtlra.«ure in
; .4^"« • '} kduiiri-d to see
* • •..:»•■■.: *ui:\i iiTiiSb from his
^ : ' ! •..■;» :nui(iiK Herewith
-' • ''':::::;?!• iri tttuching his
- \ • .- ' \:ri :.jily iiitt resting
N. . :..».«. . ..: : : "f iiatiTL* and her
. : : '^.T. : i.>.r. tl.f rl^e and fall
:■ V .i :. ■.."i ii: «it'«"av.once in-
. . - :•- : :. rt.-Mtr-i his |)ecuiiar at-
. ■. . • . ::.. : t :? I...! i...-ri'r\, the virtues
.n . N V ^, »..*!. I :.i^i...t Ii. the extremity of
^ t **.-, k!».;: . :..> iH—; i'!'i tree was a peculiar
! . :■ .! M I ^ N ^ •*:" l.t '..: •* — • htr seemed to gal*
. I 1. . , ^ ii II.: : i! !'.-.s'.rx. \\!..ih I'lttn iiuintentionallf
, I !.;. ^*»ini !'::-..>. ' *•:: il.i' *:ricn inheritance of
. .. ,1 1.i.»i I..'. .:: .! ilif wiir ioT iish. Before Mr.
...... I...") .Mu.s. ■: !.i:i M«:!ir Irttir- on his projected
.;:. . r.,., ,.., M. ■:;.:.'!:. .iini "thtr subjects. TJiWC
I ilux .: : ...I ii.ii:^lituitL interest aud in-
,. ... r!. I.rn.irx purMiits of Scott y^^^
■ ! ,.:!i!it iMri-srlvis with extract-ittR
„ .1 Iiitii -I.itiil Jii Apr. ISOS.
, ... ., .!. .. whtiiiii Mvne i»^*^ ^
I. .:,•!!. No doubt this **^?^-^
. ., I i/.l ii'o f.ir. ail J oae ma^ ^v2ej
.:i minute jiartkniUr* » ^|^
■ I • .1 ii
I.,. I II .
,. . ..
.1. .1
■ i I .i I
I I- •«
.li* "! ■•:
I. .. I II ' \ III .iii.":i';
■ ,r. wtiich would
-...,111*; «■«« ^«
i;... .1. il..- Vi-nt-tian
I I
•• . I .lit
I
Ill I I If • I
. ■ I 11 i II 1 1 ^^^
.n.",^. «hcn righting m^
i! ,1 111. > wtre ^enetii
i.ii i. 1. «^< i«-
, \, Ml .•iiii.|iiary many
I
if ' . I '
. , I j i ■ lllllH ,
i I !.• I
I. I ill t\ 1
.III ■• I"—.- - - ■
.., ,„.,„^ a|HK-t'Biay»
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s ;; those of later dr
i!,. ., I..,.,., itanopportu
.111 I
^ •
. ,■ .-..f rf|»ay>n« *
II, I. •• III III I lU' '*■'•(>'•''*
, I .1...^ IrltlT fl-OlO ^'
; ^ .. , , ... n I. .Man ol the McH>"»
12
Memoir of Robert Surtees, Esq^ F.S.A.
[Jan.
These were pleasing lucubrations^ which acted prosperously on Mrr
Surtees* health and spirits. In June 1807 he married Miss Anne
Robinson^ to whom he had been long attached ; daughter of Ralph
Robinson, Esq. of Middle Herington^ Durham^ and few marriages* it is
said, more entirely realized the anticipations of the parties. He now
lived pleasantly and sociably, and his hospitable table often overflowed
with guests. He said to Sir C. Sharp, ** that he thought his house had
the property of indefinite extension, so as to expand in pi-oportion to the
number of his friends.** When alone, a part of his morning was spent in
the woods, and riding through his green lanes, or favourite lough-bank,
which are beautifully covered with every shade of colombine, from seed
scattered by himself when quite a boy. He had especial pleasure in
raising flowers upon his garden wall^ and many a passer by admired to see
the Squire mounted on his short ladder, weeding the rough grass from his
wild pinks and stone crop ; but when any of his literary friends were with
him, they made occasional excursions in quest of information touching his
History. *' And in these/* says Mr. Raine, '* it was extremely interesting
to accompany Mr. Surtees." He was a great admirer of nature and her
scenery, and would moralize for an hour together upon the rise and fall
of the families of the county. An old gable-ended house in decay, once in-
habited by a gentleman, or a dried up fish-pond, attracted his peculiar at-
tention, and he would reflect aloud upon the personal history, the virtues
or the vices of its former owners. A Spanish chesnut in the extremity of
decay is all that remains at Sockburne. This poor old tree was a pecoliar
favourite of his, and as he himself says of Leland — ' he seemed to gaze
with that deep feeling of natural beauty, which often unintentionally
betrays itself amidst his severer pursuits,* '* on the green inheritance of
the lovely lawn, the circling Tees, and the weir for fish. Before Mr.
Surtees* marriage, Scott had addressed him some letters on his projected
edition of the Sadler Papers, on Marmion, and other subjects. These
Mr. Taylor has introduced, and they all are fraught with interest and in-
formation, relating even more to the literary pursuits of Scott than to
those of Surtees ; but we must content ourselves with extracting the
following interesting passage from a letter dated 26 Apr. 1808.
quois as when the scene is laid in fbadal
Europe. No doubt this may easiljr b&
carried too far, and one may he induced to
dwell on minute particulars, becanse thej
are ancient, which would not be worth
mentioning were the costume modem.
But as the Venetian general told his sol-
diers, when fighting against the Pope,
that they were Venetians before th^y
were Christians ; even so I, having been
an antiquary many years before I thought
of being a poet, may be permitted to st*
crifice to my original studies, while pur-
suing those of later date. Adieu, my good
friend, and believe I will think myself
happy if an opportunity should ever occur
to me of repaying in part your manifii^
kindnesses.''
** About Marmion, I can safely say,
though it sounds very like ajffectation, that
my anxiety was past, after it received in a
considerable degree the suffrages of a few
of my friends. I hardly know how or why
it is, but I really lose all concern for my
labours after they get before the public ;
and the fate of those that sunk and those
that swam, and I have had a good many
of both, made an equally indifferent im-
pression upon their unfeeling parent. As
to the special objections mentioned, they
fall within my plan, which has always
been rather to exhibit ancient costume,
diction, and manners, than to display
my own ingenuity in making an ideal
world, or in dealing in general description,
which may be as correct among the Iro-
Wc next meet with a most interesting letter from Mr. Surtees, in which
he gives the legend of the '< Brown Man of the Moors/' since formed into
1840.]
Memoir of Robert Surtees, Esq. F.S^A.
13
a spirited ballad by Mr. Leyden ; '* The Worm of Lambton/' an eminent
Dorham legend -, and the ballad of Barthran or Bartram, since given in the
Minstreby, but which was Mr. Sartees* composition -,* and in a subse-
quent letter, the date of which is in Dec. 1810, his taste and poetical
talents were shown in some very elegant verses to Scott, which were
afterwards printed in the Edinburgh Annual Register for the same year ;
they are evidently formed on the model of Collin s*s ode on the " Supersti-
tion of the Highlands/' and though a few expressions show that the author
was not much accustomed to poetical composition, they are such as do no
discredit to his feeling or genius. The following letter, as the biographer
of Mr. Surtees justly says, is peculiarly interesting, as it exhibits the
modest form in which the magnificent pile of Abbotsford first presented
itself to the imagination of the poet, and which he afterwards (12 Nov.)
calls the least of all possible houses.
14
W. SCOTT, ESQ. TO R. SURTEES, ESQ.
•* My dear Surtees, — Your query about
die old ballad reminds me what an idle
oorrapondent I have been with a friend
to whom I owe so much. I have not
either right or inclination to object to
what Mr. Bell, of Newcastle, proposes.
,jLn old ballad is, I apprehend, common
property, and cannot be appropriated ex-
clvsiTely even by the person who first
briBgi it before the public ; and at any
rate, if I had any right in the matter, it
could be only through you, to whom I owe
the fong, with many other favours. In
about a fortnight I shall send the seventh
▼olume of Somers, which I hope wiU
reach you safe. I shall add a flimsy sort
of pamphlet, published (or printed I
should say, for it is not published) by a
lady of your country, now residing here.
It is a genealogical memoir of the family
of Ogle ; but far too general, and too lit-
tle supported by dates and references to
be interesting. It might be called from the
name of the fair — * Prideaux's Connec-
tions.' I hope, likewise, to add a poem
called * Catalonia,' written by a gentleman
who is now on Sir Edward PeUew's sta-
tion, and a man of talent and informa-
tion ; it is chiefly valuable for the notes,
which contain some curious notices on the
present state and temper of the Spanish
nation, formed upon the best opportuni-
ties of information.
*• Yon will naturally expect that I
should send you some news of my present
avocations ; since to plead I have been
doing nothing, would make my debt to
you a very deep and black one. You will,
therefore, please to be informed, that I
have been very busy improving a small
farm of about 110 acres, upon the Tweed,
near Melrose, where I intend to build a
cottage. Meanwhile I am setting trees
with all my might ; for, to say truth, the
beauties of my residence (excepting that
it lies along a fine reach of Tweed), are
rather in posge than in ette. Moreover, I
have been building flood- dykes, with all
my might and main ; and Tweed has been
assailing them with all his, and has very
nearly proved the better champion, the
water having come within nine inches of
the top of my barrier, during a flood
which is almost unexampled. "These cir-
cumstances, which have hitherto inter-
fered with my literary labours or amuse-
ments, are now like to impel me toward
them ; for if I build I must have money,
and I know none will give me any but the
booksellers ; so I must get up into my
wheel, like a turnspit, or lose the pleasant
prospect of placing roast mutton before
you at Abbotsford. I think of laying my
* We give in a note a specimen of Mr. Surtees' humorous and singular manner, of
which others might have been noticed. " S. Grinsdale, curate of Herrington, who was
very poor and had a numerous family, lost his only cow. Mr. Surtees waited on the
Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry (the late Earl Comwallis), then Dean of Durham, and
owner of the great tithes of Herrington, to ask what he would give, ' Give,* said he,
' why a cow to be sure ; go, Mr. Surtees, to my steward, and t^ him to give you as
much money as will buy the best cow you can find.' Mr. Surtees, who had not ex-
|)ected more than a 1/. note exclaimed, ' My Lord, I hope you will ride to Heaven on
the back of that cow.' A while after he was saluted by the late Lord Barrington with
* Surtees, wliat is the absurd speech that I hear you have been making to the Dean ? *
* I see nothing absurd in it,' was the reply ; ' when the Dean rides to Heaven on the
back of that cow, mtny of you prebendariei will be glad to lay hold of her tail' "
14
Memoir of Robert Surtees, Esq, RS.A»
[Jatt.
scene near Barnard Castle, where there is
some beautiful scenery, with which I am
pretty well acquainted. If you can point
but to me any romantic or picturesque in-
cident of the period not generally known,
you will greatly oblige me. You know
that my stories are like a pleasure-walk,
and can easily be turned aside, so as to
embrace a fine point of view, or lead to a
wild dell.
** I should like very well your proposal
of a fourth volume of the Minstrelsy ; but
the Jacobite tunes have been published
and re-published so often, that I doubt
being able to produce articles of much
novelty.
** Mrs. Scott begs kind compliments to
Mrs. Surtees. Why will you not take a
few weeks of our metropolis, during the
severity of the winter ? I think you will
be amused, as well as Mrs. S. I don*t
deserve to hear from you soon ; but when
you can tell me of your literary employ-
ments, the history of the county, &c. it
will greatly refresh,
" Dear Sir, yours most truly,
** Walter Scott."
*• Edinburgh, Dec, 10."
The year 1812 was marked " albo lapillo " by Mr. Surtees, as he then
formed his acquaintance with Mr. Raine, the master of the Grammar-school
at Durham, and with Mr. Tate, (now Canon of St. Paul's,) then the inde-
fatigable Archididasculus of Richmond -, the first interview with the latter
we must give in the original words. Mr. Tate thus described at their
next subsequent meeting to his friend Raine his first interview with
Surtees. '* One evening I was sitting alone (it was about nine o'clock
in the middle of summer) ; there came a gentle tap at my door. I opened
the door myself, and a gentleman said, with great modesty, ' Mr. Tate, I am
Mr. Surtees of Mainsforth. James Raine begged I would call on you.*
* The master of Richmond School is delighted to see you,' said I ; pray
walk in. 'No thank you, Sir, I have ordered a bit of supper ; perhaps you
will walk up with me ? * ' To be sure I will,*— and away we went. As we
went along, I quoted a line from the Odyssey. What was my astonishment
to hear from Mr. Surtees, not the next, but line after line of the passage
which I had touched upon. ' Said I to myself, good master Tate, take
heed, it is not often you catch such a fellow as this at Richmond.' I
never spent such an evening in my life." Such was the sketch of Mr.
Surtees. He in return drew the portrait of his learned friend,
*♦ Doctus Tatius hie residet,
Ad Coronam* prandet, ridet,
Spargit sales cum cachinno,
Lepido ore, et concinno ;
Ubique carus inter bonos,
Kubei Montis prsesens honos."
In I81G appeared the first volume of the History of the County Pala-
tine of Durham ; the second and third were published respectively in 1820
and 1823 j the fourth volume, though much advanced, was not completed
at the time of the author's death. ** Happily, (says the biographer,) there
yet is left in the county an individual to whom, and to whom alone, we can
look for the satisfactory performance of such a task : the reader will already
have anticipated the name of the Rev. James Raine, who for many years
was the intimate friend and coadjutor of Surtees, and to whose erudite
labours the public is indebted for the History of North Durham, so interest-
ing, and so necessary for the completion of the whole design."f
♦ The Crown Tavern.
f The mention of one county history leads, by a natural association, to that of
another. We therefore take this opportunity of mentioning that most copious mate-
rials have been accumulated, and in a great part arranged, for the Uijttory of Suffolk, by
D. E. Davy, Esq. of Uflford, in that county ; and, vouching as we can for the extensive
information, the unimpeachable veracity, the accuracy, the diligence, the zeal with
V
1840.]
Memoir of Robert Surlees^ Esq. F.S.A,
15
** My dear Sir,— I have seldom been more
instnicted and delighted than by your un-
commonly accurate and valuable History of
Durham, of which you had the goodness
to tranamit me two copies, which I would
long since have acknowledged, had I not
wished to read the work before expressing
ny gratitude for the distinction you have
conferred on me. One of the copies I
have given to my friend Thomas Thomp-
son, the Deputy Register of Scotland,
whose deep historical knowledge and ex-
tensive antiquarian researches render him
one of the few persons who are qualified
to set a due value upon your labours. He
is equally charmed with the style of exe-
cution and the patient extent of research
which the work exhibits ; and agrees with
me in hopes that Durham will not finally
bound your labours, although we will look
with anxiety for their continuation.
Northumberland forms a capital subject,
lying, as it were, under your hand, and
I trust it will not escape you.
*' It was part of my plan in returning
from London last year to have surprised
you with a visit at Mainsforth ; but I
was induced, from various motives,
to rettrm by sea, which disappointed this
and other parts of my scheme. I regret
the more not having had this opportu-
nity to wait upon you, that I would
have wished to have made, in person, the
amende honorable for my sins as a corres-
pondent, which sit heavy on me on all
occasions, but can scarce be so ungracious
in any as where you are concerned. My
apology must be alternate hard labour
and intervals of very great and predomi-
nating indolence, where I have lain on my
oars like an Indian in his hammock, after
a week's hunting, detesting even the most
necessary exertion, and envying the wise
hermit of Prague, not for his witty inter-
course with the niece of King Gorboduo,
but because he never saw pen or ink. But
never in these intervals could I forget
your goodness and continued assistance
upon BO many occasions ; and I am truly
vexed and angry with myself when I think
I have suffered you to heap coals of fire
on my head, while I was persevering in
ungrateful silence. It was indeed half
persuaded that 1 should see you, either by
your visiting Abbotsford, or my getting to
Maiosforth.
*' But trusting to your kindness to crutch
up my lame apologies, or rather to admit
my candid confession, I must tell you
that I have had a visit from your draughts-
man, Mr. Blore, a modest and well-bred
young man, as well as an excellent artist,
and whom I liked particularly on account
of the warm feelings which he entertains
towards you as his friend and patron. I
have had the advantage of his counsel and
assistance in planning a small addition to
my least of all possible houses at Abbots -
ford, to which I intend to inveigle some
of the carved stones and a niche or two
with rich canopies from the Tolbooth of
Edinburgh — a sort of Bastile in the centre
of the principal street, long used as the
place of meeting of the Scottish Parlia-
ment, and more lately as the town jail.
They are now pulling it down, and I think
you will agree with me, it were a pity the
ancient ornaments should be destroyed or
thrown away. Building has procured
many a man a niche in the jail ; but I
shall be the first who reverses that order
of things and brings a niche from the
jail.
*< I have commenced Laird since I
heard from you ; and have, like Squire
Shallow, land and beeves. God knows,
they are like to be warr articles in the
market than they were some years since.
However, I have a wild ox-moor to stub,
a bog to drain, and sixty or seventy acres
to plant in addition to the same quantity
already planted and thriving. Besides I
have the Tweed for one picturesque boun-
dary of my little property, and a mountain
lake, or tarn, at the other ; both which are
tempting subjects of improvement. Pereat
inter h<BC lux. I cannot add miser o ; for,
excepting that in draining my land I
drain my purse, and that my forests flou-
rish more vigorously in the prophetic eye
of my own imagination than in the com-
mon-place observations of my neighbours,
I hardly know anything in which I have
found more real amusement than in my
rural occupations. You exercise on such
occasions a command over nature ; chang-
ing her face at your pleasure, and coiS-
pelling her to be what you wish. You, I
understand, have an additional interest in
her productions, by being a great botanist
— a science to which I have never been
able to make pretensions, though my uncle
holds the botanical chair in the University
here,wbich might have afforded me excel-
which he has entered into the subject, and the unwearied patience and labour with
which he has prosecuted it, we shall consider it to be a reflection on the landed gentry
and principal families of that county if they do not come forward to enable a work to
be published, which cannot be undertaken without inflicting a most severe loss on the
Umited metos of an individual.
1^
16 Memoir qf Robert SuHeed, Esq. F.S.A0 [Jan.
lent opportunities of study. If through Remember me to Mrs. Surteei ; and be-
him, however, I could gratify any of your lieve me, unalterably,
wishes connected with the Flora of Soot- " Dear Sir,
land, I am certain he has equally the ** Your truly obliged
power and the will to oblige you. Adieu. ** Walter Scott.
" Edinburgh, Uth November, 18l6.'»
In the summer of 1819 Mr. Surtees left bis favourite residence at
Mainsforth for a tour to Scotland, and of course a visit to Abbotsford.
Mr. Raine says, " Hogg and Surtees met now for the first time : I could
easily see that Surtees* opinion of the poet was not improved by a per-
sonal acquaintance. Surtees, however, was extremely kind to him, not-
withstanding his roughness, and he spent more than one evening with us
at Walker's hotel, amusing us with the history of himself, and the legendary
lore, of which he possessed a wonderful fund, in which Surtees so particu-
larly delighted." Hogg says in a letter, " I never in my life spent so happy
a night with strangers as one that I spent with you and Mr. Raine j but I
have often noted that a similarity of pursuits and feelings created at once
the same kind of cordiality that we three seemed all to feel for each other.
Walter Scott sets oflf for London next week j should you see him on his
retui'n, how will you get his new title every word, do you think ? ' I like
not such grinning honour as that of Sir Walter.* Shakespeare — ^hem !'* &c.
Of his visit to Scott we must give Mr. Raine's account.
'* We found Walter Scott ready to greet Surtees attempted to put a niece of money
us with a hearty welcome. I had never into his hand. The man however drew
seen Scott before, and was struck with back, with much affected dignity ; and it
the extreme cordiality with which he re- was only upon being assured by Scott
ceived Surtees. They met like two bro- that Surtees was ' a friend of the house '
thers whom time had separated, and (these were the words), that he accepted
immediately fell to work with Border the boon. After dinner the subject of
history, and Border ballad and minstrelsy, ballads was again revived, and an oppor-
The authorship of the Novels was then a tunity was presented to me of domg a
secret — but, after that day, it was none thing peculiarly pleasing to my own feel-
to me. ' Scott,' said Surtees, ' Raine and ings, and not less so to those of Surtees.
I, on our road to Edinburgh, saw your At Bamborough, when on my road to
Wolfs Crag.' (Fast Castle, the Wolf's Scotland, there had been presented to me,
Crag of the Bride of Lammermoor, which by the Rev. C. Robinson, a thick duode-
had been lately published.) Scott smiled, cimo volume, in black letter, containing
and cast upon Surtees a look which no numerous ballads, many of them well
one could misunderstand. known, but some of them new to modern
'* A splendid print of the Battle of times ; and of the latter, one, to the best
Otterbume, which hung over the dining- of my recollection, of an historical nature,
room fire-place, afforded to them a subject became the subject of conversation, and a
for the most interesting conversation on great regret was expressed by Scott that
Douglas and Percy, and the chivalry of only one stanza of it was known. The
old ; and bright were the flashes of genius book, which had been mine for so short a
when two sudi men were conversing on time, instantly became bis ; and, in ac-
80 stirring a subject. Scott listened to cepting it, he was pleased to express very
Surtees' remarks with profound atten- warmly his obligation. It is probably
tion ; and never did I see Surtees so still at Abbot^ord.
great as he was that day. Dinner came, *' The poems of Carey formed another
and Surtees took his seat at the bottom subject of conversation. They have been
of the table, at our host's left hand. The alluded to, as will have been seen, in a
party consisted of Scott's own family, a letter from Scott to Surtees, 7th January,
tutor with a wooden leg (to whom Surtees 1811, and a few copies had just been
was peculiarly attentive), one or two printed. Surtees* attention became again
neighbouring ladies, and ourselves. The drawn to the history of the author, and
piper amused us, or rather deafened us, he soon afterwards, with the assistance of
with his airs iVom a sort of gallery beneath a friend, discovered him to be Patrick
the window ; and when after dinner he Carey, a younger son of Henry Viscount
entered the dining-room to take his glass, Falklaind, Lord Deputy of Ireland, and
2
TH--
J840.]
Memoir of Robert Surteca, Esq. F,S.A.
17
tke husband of Siuan, daughter of Francis
Uvedale, of Bishop's Waltham, Esq. and
niece of Sir William Uvedale of Wickham.
The cross moline on the title is the bearing
of UTedale. A pedigree of the family
was soon afterwards printed by Surtees,
of a sixe to bind with the book as edited
by Scott, and the mystery has disap-
pear^.
" In the course of the evening, Surtees
drew Scott*s attention to the first two
sheets of the Appendix to my History of
North Durham (the only part of the work
then in type), containing charters of early
Kings of Scotland, of whom no other re-
cord remain ; and this led again to the
Borders, their early family history, and
their monastic endowments.
** During our visit, Scott complimented
Surtees on his library, and said he knew
of no such collection of books in any
house of equal fortune in Scotland.
** He spoke in no measured terms of
the taste of his countrymen. * England,-
said he, * made me what I am. The
Scotch thought little of the * Lay ' — but
England spoke out, and the Scotch were
ashamed of themselves.*
** The evening came on, and Surtees,
although we were expected to spend a day
or two at Abbotsford, would not stay all
night. We came home by Melrose, Dry-
burgh, Kelso, Brickburn, &c.
Relative to his first visit to the Continent, in 1820, he has left the follow-
ing short graphic sketch.
that glittering metropolis of sin, by its
most splendid barrier of Neuilly, through
groves, and palaces, and gardens, with gilt
domes, &c. that made ray eyes ache. All
is glitter, military parade, and a most un-
ceasing intensity of life and motion, which
fatigues an Englishman. The city is di-
vided from this court end, and is nothing
— black and stupid — no trade — no front
of commercial independence : unlike the
lusty London lads. From Paris dull uni-
form road to Brussels, through the fortified
towns ; Flanders more English — as neat
as a garden. Brussels a deserted metro«
polis ; large and peaceful, with a touch of
old York about it. Oh, Antwerp, queen
of gable-ends ! what profusion of streets ;
broader than even London ; all run up in
fantastic gavels, with trees and vines in
and about the dwellings ; and the Scheld
like three Thames's, washing the old walls
like a sober and majestic old Dutch river,
covered with ships of all nations. I never
saw such a place in my life — every house
is a study of itself ; — and I am learning
Dutch, that I may go there again. From
Antwerp back to Calais, nothing parti-
cular except Gand, an inferior Antwerp,
and a fine farewell view from Cassell over
Flanders, inclosed and wooded for leagues
round the base of a green Castle Hill.'*
** Imprim. — He who hath seen York,
need not regret leaving other cathedrals
onseen. It is worth twenty of them to-
gether.
Proximos Petro tamen occupavit
Antwerp lionores.
Rouen also is fine — high Norman style —
but the fronts of all their churches are
thickly bedizened with ornaments and
images, sayntes and dyvels ; and as to
internals, there is nothing like York.
Dirty altars dizened with flowers and black
with lamp-smoke, and most idolatrous
pictures, make one regret the chastened
splendour of an English cathedral, or
even the barren interior of a Scotch kirk.
Many of the folks, however, seem ex-
tremely devout ; and no doubt there are,
•s Sancho says, good sort of people in all
places. We left the great road at Abbe-
▼ille, thence to Neufchatel and ^ Rouen,
through fair Normandy, the best and
brightest province of France. There is a
strong resemblance to England ; inclosed
farmholds, orchards, and mighty woods of
beech, elm, and chesnut hanging on the
hills for miles, in long undulating outlines.
Rouen is superb in old wood houses — one
of them dated 1400 to lAOO ; whole streets
of most picturesque effect. We traced the
Seine all the way to Paris, and entered
We now proceed with some further letters of interest from Sir \Valter
Scott.
. _ „„ you and Mrs. Surtees. I have to remind
" SIB W. SCOTT, BART. TO R. SURTEES, j^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^^j^^^ ^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^
'*^* long since, to wit, a copy of the very
" My dear Surtees,— I cannot let our gig^^r ballad you repeated to me of the
ingenious friend, Mr. Blore, leave Ab- death of the Amorous Priest and the pe-
botsfordforMainsforth,withoutexpre88ing ^^j^^^ ^f ^^g False Knight, who slew him
the kind greeting of our inmates here to ^^jj ^ >Velch bill : of course I will [not]
Gent. Mag. Vol. XIII. D
18
Memoir of Robert Surtees, Esq. F.S.A.
[Jan.
part with the copy to any one without
your authority and consent.
*' I have built a droll sort of house here
since you saw it ; moved partly by a small
legacy bequeathed by a friend, for the
comfortable accommodation of my books ;
and partly by the independent situation
of my children. It has risen higher than
I expected ; and though it has not * in the
stars its glittering turrets thrust,* yet they
have risen higher than ever I proposed.
Pray come and see it soon ; and I hope to
have your valued suffrage, that if I have
not built very wisely, or in the least de-
gree economically, I have at least made a
pretty, though somewhat fantastical re-
sidence.
*' Blore tells me that your third volume
is just about to appear— ^/Jf/to^yiiiw/Mm^'ttc
sit. You have setagreatexaoiple, which
I am afraid few of the country gentlemen
of England are either qualified or disposed
to follow. The time is not yet passed by,
though perhaps nearly so, when good pro-
vincial histories may be — [here the MS.
is illegible] — but in destroying buildings
and abridging records. I will not take up
your time longer than to send the united
good wishes of my houshold, and subscribe
myself
" Most truly,
''Walter Scott.
** Abbota/ord, U( October, 1822."
SIR W. SCOTT, BART. TO R. SURTEES,
ESQ.
*' My dear Surtees, — I have to acknow-
ledge, with kindest thanks, your third
volume of Durham, which sustains with
unimpaired spirit, and unabated labour,
the character of its predecessors. I have
been rarely better pleased than with your
delicate and just notice of poor Joe Rit-
son.* His foibles were those of a diseased
temperament ; his patient and useful
labours will always entitle him to the
thanks of the English, I should say
British antiquary. I made the same use
of the minor copy, as in former cases, and
bestowed it on the man of Scotland the
most worthy of it — my friend Mr. Regis-
ter Thomson ; whose industry and accu-
racy are united to fine taste and high
talent. I think the terms of his answer
will gratify you, though not designed for
your inspection ; particularly as I know
he never says the thing which he does
not think. In the present case, he has
the advantage of thinking in the same
tone with all the world, that is, as many
as know any thing about the matter.
" Do you remember the story of the
man, who, wishing to know whether it
were possible to satisfy the rapacity
of a hackney-coachman, gave the fellow
a guinea for a twelvepenny drive ; on
which the object of his prodigal bounty
immediately requested a shilling, to keep
the guinea whole ? It is even so with me,
when, after receiving such a valued and
valuable token of your recollection, I take
the liberty of reminding you, that you,
long since, promised me the penitence of
the ' cujusdam generosiy'' in the Galilee of
Durham. Pray remember your promise,
and let me, as Justice Greedy says, ' give
thanks for this also.'
** I hope the kind Sir Cuthbert con-
tinues his antiquarian labours. Lady
Scott sends kind compliments to Mrs.
Surtees, and I always am
** Most truly yours,
Walter Scott.
<* Edinburgh^ 16M Jan, 1823."
We next meet with an interesting letter to Mr. Surtees from his old
friend Reginald Heber, dated from the Grenville, on his passage to India ;
for this, however, we regret that we have no space, for we must now ex-
tract the closing correspondence of the Lord of Abbotsford.
to balls and racketings), and I think
visiting will suit us better on our return,
as the weather will be more favourable.
A bill is coming on in Parliament, of
which I have agreed to take some little
charge, is the cause of my present hurry.
1 have got Diccon the Reaver up, in what
I hope you will think good style. Always,
my dear Surtees,
* * Most truly yours,
** Walter Scott.
SIR W. SCOTT, BART. TO R. SURTEES,
ESQ.
** My dear Surtees, — I regret eitremely
that you have had illness in your family.
I have been lingering here (not by choice),
till I must needs be in town in four days ;
so I delay waiting on the good Knight Sir
Cuthbert and your *Squirehood until I come
back in the second week of May, when I
hope to spend a day at Mainsforth, and
another at Sunderland, health admitting.
My daughter is not quite so well (thanks
" Abbottford, Xst ^pril, 1828."
* Ritson's Life and Letters have since been published by Sir N. Harris Nicolas ; a
gentleman who singularly unites the learning of the antiquary, the intelligence of the
philosopher, and the feding and taste of the poet ; and who has published works of
distinction in each of these respective departments of literature.
1840.3
Metttoir of Robert Surtees, Esq. F.S.A.
19
m ir. SCOTTy BART. TO R. SURTEES |
ESQ.
«i
My dear Surtees , — Nothing could
knre [made] me more happy than to have
vaited upon you at Mainsforth, without
tiw circnmstanoe of sale of cattle in
your Ticiiiity; which would not hare
added any thing to the inducement ;
far, aidiough a fiurmer on a small scale,
it is only muigri moi, nor has thirty years'
operienoe taught me
►* the pride
Men put in cattle/
But my lon-in-law's family, with himself
and Sophia, are now here ; and I have
letters from my two sons proposing to be
here Tery soon; so that, for the first
time these several years, I have the pro-
ipect of seeing my children all under my
roof together ; which is one of the greatest
hienings to which I can look forward. I
know your own feelings on family sub-
jects wUl make you receive this as a good
apology for the old lion staying at home
to receive his cubs ; although every year
makes me more and more a fixture, I seri-
ously hope to see Mainsforth once more be-
fore I die. I have made several promises on
this head, which circumstances have not
permitted me to fulfil; so I will not say more
at present, as, being fixed for the autumn
and winter, I can only look to some dis-
tant period, subject to many contingen-
cies. Meantime, should chance bring you
this way before the 1 2th November, or to
Edinburgh after that date, nothing would
be more agreeable to me, especially should
you come to this place, where I have room
enough for you, and all that belong to
you. Upon my word, you should come to
see the cattle-rail, were there nothing else
to look at.
''Adieu, my dear Surtees, et 8is mernor
met:
f
*• Yours affectionately,
Walter Scott.
''Abbotsjord, ^Gth August [1829]/*
We now approach the closing scene of Mr. Surtees* valuable life, and
we should do wrong to the biographer did we express it in any words but
hii own.
" Mr. Surtees, it is obvious, had never
been a man of robust health ; and there
was now probably some important consti-
tutional failure, that made itself felt,
though assuming no definite character :
for, on returning from a visit to Mrs.
Bobinson, at Hendon, near Sunderland,
he spoke to Mrs. Surtees, who met him on
the terrace, despondingly of himself,
though then affected apparently only with
a common cold. This was on Monday
the ^th of January, 1834. He was always
averse from confinement to the house, and
it was a rare day indeed, when, as he said,
he did not, like the snail, creep out under
hu sunny southern wall. And this habit
he continued for some days after his return
home, without apparent increase of his
cold: but in the latter end of the week he
complained of pain in his side. No time
was lost : the family surgeon was sent for ;
medicine was administered, and leeches
topicallv applied. But inflammation ra-
pidly advancing, Doctor Brown of Sun-
derland was called ; who, though deeming
the patient in danger, was not without
hope. But Mr. Surtees from the first had
none.
" Yet even then his literary zeal con-
tinued. Before he finally quitted his
library, although in great pain, his lost
act in connexion with his History was to
gather together on the back of a letter
such notes and references as might, for his
account of Raby, be of use to him in draw-
ing the character of Sir Henry Vane the
elder ; and when he had finished his task,
he said to Mrs. Surtees, * Annie, I have
got him here.* Mrs. S. remarked that
she saw nothing but hieroglyphics, and
she was apparently right. This letter
back is preserved ; and to any one but
Mr. Surtees himself it would have been
perfectly unintelligible. It consists of
scraps and scrawls, of long lines and short
lines in the most disorderly direction,
ziz-zagging and crossing each other in
every possible way ; but to Mr. Surtees
every scratch of the pen had its meaning ;
and it is perhaps well for the memory of
Sir H. Vane, that Mr. Surtees did not
live to paint his character at full length.
" The last time but one Mr. Surtees left
his library, he looked wistfully round, and
said, ' Annie, I. shall never be here again :
these books will be yours.* * So they may,
Surtees,* was the reply, — * and I should
never like to part with them : but don't
you think it would be well to send your
manuscripts to some public library, where
they would be of use." The answer was,
' You are right ; and if it please God I
should live a day or two, I will make a
selection of them myself.*
" A short time after this, he was laid
up on his sick-bed, when a bright sun re-
minded him of his favourite time of year,
and he said, * 1 shall never more sec the
20
Memoir of Robert Surtees, Esq, F.S.A,
[Jan.
peachoblossomSy or the flowers of soring.
It is hard to die in spring.' Perhaps he
thought of his favourite Leyden's lines. —
' But sad is he that dies in spring,
When flowers begin to blow and larks to
sing,
And makes it doubly hard with life to part.'
For it had been his constant morning
custom to watch the blossoms as they
came out, and the first of the year was
generally laid on the table, where his
friends met at breakfast.
** * God,' as he said, * had placed him
in a Paradise ; and he had every thing that
could make a man happy.' Yet, emi-
nently calculated as he was to enjoy such
blessings, and nervous as his constitution
was, he met the nearer approach of death
with composure, with gratitude, and resig-
nation to the will of Him whose benefi-
cence had given, and whose pleasure it
was now to take away.
" His mind had always been happy, in
never feeling a shadow of doubt on the
truth of Revelation ; and he felt, in the
hour of trial, the blessedness of that faith
which through life he had professed. Nor
had his faith been a mere general acqui-
escence. He was a constant attendant on
public worship, in family prayer ; seldom
a day passed without his little Greek
Testament being in use : and he told the
Rev. C. G. Wheler of Durham (the ex-
emplary Chaplain of the Prison there,)
that he almost daily read in Sir George
Wheler's * Protestant Monastery.*
*' About two o'clock on the Friday
morning (Feb. 7,) he said to Mrs. Surtees,
' Annie, I am very ill. I should have
liked to have received the Sacrament :
but I am too ill now to send for any one :
but I give it to myself. Don't make
yourself uneasy as to my state. I flunk
as deeply as man can think. You know I
have been blessed in the power of memory,
and use it in repeating things to myself.
I can't hear you rend : my head won't
bear it.' In the morning, he said, * Poor
Bradley I he won't like to dig my grave :
he knows where I wish to be buried. I
pity your mother most : she is an old
woman, — and has had many sorrows ; and
she has loved me as I loved her. As to
Mary, she'll soon come to live at Mains-
forth. I have left you for your life every
sixpence I possess, and I hope the sun
vnll go down brightly shinning on your
latter days. But now let us talk no more
of the aflfairs of this world.'
** A gleam of his characteristic humour,
in affectionate appreciation of his wife's
character, appeared even a night or two
before his death. He was lying in an
iuaer chamber, and, at his own request,
alone and in darkness, when a time-piece,
which marked the half-hours by a single
stroke on the bell, struck, as he thought,
one o'clock, and he rapped on the parti-
tion for the medicine which was to be
taken at that hour. Mrs. Surtees, who
was watching in the outer apartment, came
to him and said, * Surtees, it is not one
yet.' — * Yes, it is,' he replied. * You are
mistaken,' she answered, * it cannot be.'
— ' Nay, then,' said he, ' Annie, what is
to become of the world, if you are begin-
ning to lie ?'
** About two o'clock on the mournful
day he died (Feb. 11,) he called Mrs.
Surtees to the bedside, and said, ' Annie,
I am dead.' The answer he heard was a
prayer, that he might sleep in Jesus.
Affection was strong in death ; for he
seemed conscious of nothing but the name
he had been so long used to.
'♦ On the 15th he was carried to that
grave which ' poor Bradley ' had dug deep
in the rock that forms the brow of the
hill on the south side of Bishop Middle-
ham church-yard, though his parents were
both interred in the church itself. For
often, when pacing the ailes after service,
he had said to his friend Mr. Raine, ' My
father lies here, and my mother lies there;
but I hate burying in a church.' The spot
had been selected by himself, and was
close by the side of his brother-in-law,
Marshal Robinson, Esq. and Marianne
Page, the niece of his wife, who died at
school in Durham, for whom he had a
most affectionate regard, and he had often
gone down unseen to plant a flower on
these graves. He was borne thither on
the shoulders of his sorrowing tenants :
and the only ceremonial attendants were
two mourners, — Thomas Surtees Raine,
Esq. of Pilmore House, and Mr. Ralph
Robinson, of the Durham University:
together with sL\ gentlemen, — some his
nearest neighbours, and some his dearest
friends, as pall-bcarers. The Rev. Chris-
topher Robinson, Vicar of Kirknewton,
Northumberland, preceded the corpse,
and read the funeral service. A numerous
attendance followed of tenants and neigh-
bours, who felt they had lost a friend ; and
of yeomanry and peasantry, whose recol-
lections of past kindness impelled them to
pay this last tribute of respect, and grati-
tude, and affection : — for the general be-
nevolence of the deceased was not of that
description which evaporates in feeling ;
but had been concentred in actual benefi-
cence, which himself and his lady habitu-
ally exercised in unostentatious charity,
and kindly personal attentions to all around
them.
" In the chancel of Bishop Middleham
church has been erected an elegant monu«
V-
1840.]
Memoir of Robert Suriees, Esq. P.S.A.
21
Bent, caired in Roche Abbey stone, the
design of which was presented to Mrs.
Snrtees by Mr. Blore, whose talents have
oontribnted so much to the embellishment
of the History of Durham. On the mar-
ble tablet is tiie following inscription.
" Robert Surtbes,
of Aiainsfbrth, Esq. M.A. and F.S. A.
the only Son of Robert and Dorothy Surtees,
and theAuthorof the History and Antiquities of
the County Palatine of Durham,
was bom on the first day of April, 1779, and
died on the eleventh day of February, 1834.
He married Anne, third daughter of
Balpfa Robinson, of Herrington, Esq. and by her
this Monument is erected to liis Memory.
His talents, acquirements, and character
are developed in his Book ; and in the Memoir
of his Life prefixed to it by a friendly but
imjMU-tial hand. His Christian Faith,
principles, and hopes, are best described in
his own memorable words :—
** I am very sensible of the hardness of my
heart and of my totally corrupt nature.
" My only hope is in the merits of Clirist, but
I cannot hope for his grace unless I strive to
obtain it. What is our business ? To make
our Election sure— to take heed to our Salva-
tion.
" Libera nos, Domine Jesa I audi nos."
We have little to add, but that, from au unfortunate and probably uniu-
teaded wording of Mr. Surtees' will, his valuable MSS. coins, books, and
pictures, which made Mainsforth at once a classical and deliglitful residence,
were obliged to be sold j and that the plan of *' the Surtees Society,"
instituted to do honour to his memory, and whose progress and labours we
have already repeatedly noticed, originated with his friend Mr. Raine.
THE ROYAL PALACE OF GREENWICH.
(With a Plate.)
Ecce ut jam niteat locus petitus,
Tanqnam siderese locus cathedrae !
Quae fastigia picta I quse fenestrse !
Quae turres vel ad astra se efferentes !
Quse porro viridaria, ac perennes
Pontes I Flora sinum occupat venusta,
Fundens delicias nitentis horti.
Lelandi Cyynea Cantio,
THE principal manor of Greenwich
(generally called East Greenwich)
after having belonged to the abbey of
St. Peter at Ghent, and subsequently
to the monastery of Shene, in Surrey,
was recovered by the Crown in 1530,
through an exchange then made be-
tween the latter house and King
Henry the Eighth. But there was
another manor which had been held
by the Crown from a much earlier
period, having escheated, as is sup-
posed, on the forfeiture of the estates
of Odo Bishop of Baicux, the Con-
queror's half-brother.
It is supposed by Messrs. Lysons
that we have traces of a royal resi-
dence at this place so early as the
year 1300, when an entry occurs in
the King's household book that Ed-
ward I. made an offering of ^8. at
each of the holy crosses in the Cha-
pel of the Virgin Mary at Greenwich,
and the Prince made an offering of
half that sum. King Henry IV. re-
sided much at this place, and dates
his will, in J 408, from his manor of
Greenwich. Henry V. granted this
manor for life to Thomas Beaufort,
Duke of Exeter, who died at Green-
wich in 1417.
It was granted soon afterwards to
Humphrey Duke of Gloucester,* the
King's unclc^ who, in 1443, had the
royal licence to fortify and embattle
his manor-house, and to make a park
of 200 acres. Soon after this the
Duke rebuilt the Palace, calling it
Placentin, or i\\Q Manor of Pleasaunce ;*
he inclosed the park also, and erected
• Whether there is anv better authority for this name than the poetical one of
Leland*s Cygnea Cantio, does not appear. It is noticed by Lambarde, but he fol-
lowed Leland, and he adds that it *' lost the new name ''in the time of Edward the
Fourth.
22
The Royal Palace of Greenwich*
[Jan.
within it a tower on the spot where
the Observatory now stands. On the
Duke of Gloucester's death, in 1447,
this manor reverted to the Crown.
Edward IV. took great pleasure and
bestowed much cost in finishing and
enlarging the Palace. In 1466, he
granted the manor, with the Palace
and Park, to his Queen Elizabeth, for
life. In this reign the marriage of
Richard Duke of York with Anne
Mowbray was solemnized at Green-
wich with great splendour.
Henry VII. resided much at this
place ; where his second son (after-
wards Henry VIII.) and his third son,
Edmund Tudor (created Duke of So-
merset), were born. Lambarde says
that he beautified the Palace by the
addition of a brick front towards the
water- side : and this must be the
building which appears in the view
before us.* Stowe mentions his re-
pairing the Palace in 1501.
Henry VIII. was born at Green-
wich, June 28, 1491 ; and was bap-
tized in the parish church by the Bi-
shop of Exeter, Lord Privy Seal ; the
Earl of Oxford and the Bishop of
Winchester ( Courtenay ) being his
godfathers. This Monarch, from par-
tiality perhaps to the place of his birth,
neglected Eltham, which had been the
favourite residence of his ancestors ;
and bestowed great costs upon Green-
wich, till he had made it, as Lam-
barde says, "a pleasant, perfect, and
princely Palace." During his reign
It became one of the principal scenes
of that festivity for which his Court
was celebrated. King Henry's mar-
riage with his first Queen, Katharine
of Arragon, was solemnized at Green-
wich, June 3, 1510. On May-day
1511, and the two following days,
were held tournaments, in which the
King, Sir Edward Howard, Charles
Brandon, and Edward Neville, chal-
lenged all comers. In 1512, the King
kept his Christmas here " with great
and plentiful cheer;" and again in
1513, " with great solemnity, dancing,
disguisings, and mummers, in a most
princely manner." Hall gives a full
account of the festivities; among
which, "On the daieofthe Epiphanie
at night, the Kyng with xi other war
disguised after the maner of Italie,
called a maske, a thing not seen afore
in Englande,' On the 13th of May,
1515, the marriage of Mary Queen
Dowager of France (Henrjr's sister)
with Charles Brandon Duke of Suf-
folk was publicly solemnized at
Greenwich. Solemn tournaments were
held there in 1517, 1526, and 1536.
The King kept his Christmas at
Greenwich in 1521, '* with great no-
bleness and open Court ;" and again
in 1525. In 1527* he received the
French embassy at this place. The
same year he kept his Christmas here,
** with revels, masks, disguisings^ and
banquets royal ;" as he did again in
1533, in 1537, and in 1543 : the last-
mentioned year he entertained twenty-
one of the Scottish nobility whom he
had taken prisoners at Solam Moss,
and gave them their liberty without
ransom.
Edward VI. kept his Christmas at
Greenwich, in 1552-3; George Fer-
rers, Esq. of Lincoln's Inn being
"Lorde of the merrie disportes."
(See Kempe's Loseley Manuscripts.)
This amiable young Monarch closed
his short reign at Greenwich Palace
on the 6th of July following.
Queen Mary was born at Green-
wich, Feb. 8, 1515 ; and was baptized
the Wednesday following ; Cardinal
Wolsey being her godfather, the
Lady Catharine and the Duchess of
Norfolk her godmothers.
Queen Elizabeth was born at this
Palace, Sept. 7. 1533; and on the
Wednesday following was christened
with great state, her godfather being
Archbishop Cranmer, and her god-
mothers the old Duchess of Norfolk
and the old Marchioness of Dorset. It
afterwards became one of her favou-
rite residences ; as will be seen by
turning over the leaves of Mr. Nichols's
Progresses. The account which the
German traveller Hentzner has left of
his visit to Greenwich in 1598, is one
of the best pictures we possess of
Elizabeth's court, and on that account
it has been frequently quoted ; but as
it also furnishes some particulars of
the Palace itself, as well as its busy
* This view was first pablished by the Society of Antiquariesy in folioi 1767| from a
drawing then in the possession of Dr. DucareL
]840.1
The Jtoyal Palace of Greenimch.
23
scenes, it cannot be omitted on the
present occasion :
" We arrired next at the Royal Palace
of Greenwich, reported to have been ori-
ginally bnilt by Humphrey Duke of Glou-
cester, and to hare received very magni-
ficent additions from Henry VII. It was
here Elizabeth, the present Queen, was
bom, and here she generally resides, par-
tkolmriy in summer, for the delightfulness
•f its situation. We were admitted, by
an order Mr. Rogers procured from the
Lord Chamberlam, into the Presence
Chamber, hi^ng with rich tapestry, and
the floor, after the English fashion,
strewed with hay rushes, through which
the Queen commonly passes in her way to
Chapel ; at the door stood a Gentleman
drenedin velvet, with a gold chain, whose
ottee was to introduce to the Queen any
person of distinction that came to wait on
ber : it was Sunday, when there is usually
tiie greatest attendance of nobility. In
the same Hall were the Ardibishop of
Canterbury, the Bishop of London, a
great number of Counsellors of State,
Officers of the Crown, and Grentlemen,
who waited the Queen's coming out;
which she did from her own apartment
when it was time to go to prayers,
attended in the following manner : first
went Gentlemen, Barons, Earls, Knights
of the Garter, all richly dressed and bare-
headed; next came the Chancellor,
bearing the seals in a red-silk purse,
between two ; one of which carried the
Royal scepter, the other the sword of
state, in a red scabbard, studded with
golden fleurs-de-lis, the point upwards :
next came the Queen, in the sixty-fifth
year of her age, as we were told, very
mijestic; her face oblong, fair, but
wrinkled ; her eyes small, yet black and
Eleasant ; her nose a little hooked ; her
pa narrow, and her teeth black (a defect
the English seem subject to, from their
too great use of sugar) ; she had in her
ears two pearls, with very rich drops ;
she wore false hair, and that red ; upon
her head she had a small crown, re-
ported to be made of some of the gbld
of the celebrated Lunebourg Table. Her
booom was uncovered, as all the English
ladies have it till they marry ; and
she had on a necklace of exceeding fine
jewels ; her hands were small, her fingers
long, and her stature neither tall nor low ;
her air was stately, her manner of speak-
ing mild and obliging. That day she was
dressed in white silk, bordered with pearls
of the sixe of beans, and over it a mantle
of black silk, shot with silver threads ; ber
train was very long, the end of it borne by
a MiithioaBW ; iagtcadof schaia, As had
an oblong collar of gold and jewels. As
she went along in all this state and mag-
nificence, she spoke very graciously, first
to one, then to another, whether foreign
ministers, or those who attended for dif-
ferent reasons, in English, French, and
Italian ; for, besides being well skilled in
Greek, Latin, and the languages I have
mentioned, she is mistress of Spanish,
Scotch, and Dutch: whoever speaks to
her, it is kneeling ; now and then she
raises some with her hand. While we
were there, W. Slawata, a Bohemian
Baron, had letters to present to her ; and
she, after pulling off her glove, gave him
her right hand to kiss, sparkling with
rings and jewels, a mark of particular
favour ; wherever she turned her face, as
she was going along, every body fell
down on their knees. The Ladies of the
Court followed next to her, very hand-
some and well-shaped, and for the most
part dressed in white ; she was guarded on
each side by the Gentlemen Pensioners,
fifty in number, with gilt battle-axes. In
the ante-chapel next the Hall, where we
were, petitions were presented to her, and
she received them most graciously, which
occasioned the acclamation of ' Long live
Queen Elizabeth 1* She answered it with,
* I thank you, my good people.' In the
Chapel was excellentmusic; assoonasitand
the service was over, which scarce exceeded
half an hour, the Queen returned in the
same state and order, and prepared to go to
dinner. But while she was still at prayers,
we saw her table set out with the follow-
ing solemnity : a Gentleman entered the
room bearing a rod, and along with him
another who had a table cloth, which,
after they had both kneeled three times
with the utmost veneration, he spread
upon the table, and after kneeling again,
they both retired. Then came two others,
one with the rod again, the other with a
salt-celler, a plate, and bread ; when they
had kneeled, as the others had done, and
placed what was brought upon the table,
they too retired with the same ceremo-
nies performed by the first. At last came ^
an unmarried Lady (we were told she was
a Countess) and along with her a married
one, bearing a tasting-knife ; the former
was dressed in white silk, who, when she
had prostrated herself three times in the
most graceful manner, approached the
table, and rubbed the plates with bread
and salt, with as much awe as if the
Queen had been present : when they had
waited there a little while, the Yeomen of
the Guard entered, bare-beaded, clothed
in scarlet, with a golden rose upon their
backs, bringing in at each turn a course
of twenty- four dishes, served in plate,
OMMt of it gilt; these diahet were re-
24
The Royal Palace of Greenwich.
[Jan.
ceived by a gentleman in the same order
they were brought, and placed upon the
table, while the lady-taster gave to each
of the guards a mouthful to eat, of the
particular dish he had brought, for fear of
any poison. During the time that this
guard, which consists of the tallest and
stoutest men that can be found in all Eng-
land, being carefully selected for this ser-
vice, were bringing dinner, twelve trum-
pets and two kettle-drums made the hall
ring for half an hour together. At the
end of this ceremonial, a number of un-
married ladies appeared, who, with par-
ticular solemnity, lifted the meat off the
table, and conveyed it into the Queen's
inner and more private chamber, where,
after she had chosen for herself, the rest
goes to the Ladies of the Court. The
Queen dines and sups alone, with very
few attendants ; and it is very seldom
that any body, foreigner or native, is ad-
mitted at that time, and then only at the
intercession of somebody in power.
** Near this Palace is the Queen's park
stocked with deer : such parks are com-
mon throughout England, belonging to
those who are distinguished either for
their rank or riches. In the middle of
this is an old square tower, called Mire-
fieur^ supposed to be that mentioned in
the Romance of Amadis de Gaul ; and
joining to it a plain, where knights and
other gentlemen used to meet, at set
times and holidays, to exercise on horse-
back."
Greenwich Palace continued to be
frequently used in the reign of James
I. His daughter the Princess Mary
was here christened with great solem-
nity in 1G05. In 1G13 it was settled
on the Queen (Anne of Denmark) for
life.* The brickwork towards the
garden was built by her, and she
commenced the " House of Delight "
in the park, which stood on the site of
the present Naval Asylum. Inigo
Jones was employed for this building,
which was left incomplete at the
Queen's death in 1619, and was
finished by Queen Henrietta Maria in
1635,t as was recorded by a 4ate on
its front : the ceilings were painted by
Horatio Gentileschi ; and the whole
house was furnished so magnificently,
that Philipott (one of the Kentish his-
torians) says it surpassed all others of
the kind in England.
When the ordinance for the sale
of the Crown lauds was made by the
Parliament in 1649, Greenwich house
and park were reserved ; and, though
there was afterwards a considernble
inclination manifested for its sale, and
some portions of the demesne were
pared off, yet Cromwell seems to have
contrived to preserve it ; and it was
twice, in Dec. 1651, and again in
1654, declared to be a fit mansion for
the accommodation of the Lord Pro-
tector.
After the restoration, however, it
was found to be greatly decayed, and
in consequence the King determined to
pull down the old building, and erect
a new palace on the site. One wing
of this was completed, at the expense
of 36,000/. ; and that wing still re-
mains, having been converted, by the
munificence of William and Mary, to
the purposes of their humane and po-
litic institution, the national Hospital
for Seamen. J J.G.N.
♦ ** The Queen by her late pacification hath gained Greenwich into jointure.'*
Letter of Mr. Chamberlain, Nov. ii5, 1G13. (Progr. of King James, vol. ii. p. 704.)
t The account here given is amended from that of Lysons (who says, that Inigo
Jones was called in for the completion of the House of Delight, by Henrietta Maria,)
in consequence of a passage in another letter of Mr. Chamberlain, dated June 21,
1617» as follows : '* The Queen is building somewhat at Greenwich, which must
be finished this summer. It is said to be some curious device of Inigo Jones, and
will cost about 4000/.*' (Ibid. iii. 344.) In Sept. 1619, the same writer says,
'' There is a brick wall making round about Greenwich Park, that will prove a matter
of no small charge.'* (Ibid. p. 565.)
t In the letters patent to the first Commissioners of the Hospital, dated 25 Oct. 6
Will, and M. the site is described as " a piece or parcel ground, part of the Manor of
Greenwich, containing eight acres, two roods, and thirty-two square perches, bounded
by the River Thames on the north, and containing by admeasurement along the
river, from a house in the occupation of Nicholas Smythys, to the east end of the
edifice called the Vestry, six hundred feet, abutting on the east on the public way,
leading from the Crane to the Back Lane, south on the old Tilt-yard and the Queen*s
Garden, and west on the Friars* road, and other lands belonging to the Crjwn ; toge-
ther with the capital messuage there lately in building by King Charles the Second, and
still remainmg unfinished, commonly called by the name of the Palace of GreeD^ch.*>
3
V
1840.]
25
GOETHE'S TABLE-TALK.
(Continued from November ^ p, 463. J
VICTOR HUGO is a man of great
literary talent, and doubtless has been
in no ordinary degree influenced and
benefited by German literature. I
am almost disposed to compare his
high qualities to the great genius of
Manzoni, who is highly gifted, and
perfect in his art^ as are Lamartine
and Deiavigne. When I consider
Hogo closely in his compositions,
characters^ and general delineations,
1 perceive from whence his colourings
are derived, and the school in which
he has been educated, with many
other poetical and vigorous minds.
They all have derived much of their
resources from Chateaubriand, who is
himself not only a great poet, but also
a distinguished rhetorician.
Hie ode of Manzoni on the fifth of
May is by far superior to any that has
been composed on the death of Napo-
leon. This ode not only displays
the greatest gift of mind, versati-
lity of invention, but is at once
beaatiful and congenial to the subject.
As regards his lovely romance, " Gli
Promessi Sposi" (the Betrothed), it
snrpastes all others that have attempted
similar delineations. It at once shews
all the springs of the human heart in
its diversified and infinite bearings.
This romance is a model of perfection
in regard to the external, as well as the
internal operations of the human soul.
In his masterly pencilling we are led
from one species of admiration to an-
other, and we feel that a charm invests
all. Whether it be in the delicacy of
the tints, or the force, strength, or
depth of colouring, we see and feel
that he is throughout a finished artist.
Such is the warmth of his imagi-
nation, that his descriptions act as a
spell upon the senses of the reader.
He possesses the genius of investing
trifles with great interest, and of making
them contribute to an important end.
It is a distinguished feature in his
compositions, that, while he displays
in all his writings the highest degree
of sentiment, he never degrades his
ability by descending into mere senti-
mentalism ; and, indeed, as a romance
writer, Manzoni's productions consti-
tute master-pieces of descriptive deline-
ations. While he retains his character
as a poet he is great, but as he sometimes
indulges in a sudden turn into history,
such as the description of war, famine,
or pestilence, then he loses that dis-
tinction, and at once sinks into a mere
chronicler. His great love for the real-
ity, in this respect, has led him into
error ; but, as soon as these dry details
move from the stage of representation,
and the characters of the romance re-
appear, then, and then only, does
Manzoni shine in all his glory as a poet
It is true, that he treats his subjects
with all the clearness and beauty of an
Italian sky ; but, when he throws off
the robe of the poet, and puts on the
mantle of the historian, with the na-
kedness of a mere chronicler, then
does his description of war and famine,
already so repulsive by their own proper
nature, become insupportable. This
defect appears to me accounted for oa
these grounds — Manzoni, like Schiller,
was born a poet, and not an historian ;
but such is the dearth of great charac-
ters of our age, that neither of these
poets could meet with a single indi-
vidual suitable to their genius for deli-
neation ; therefore Schiller seized on
history and philosophy, and Man-
zoni on history alone.
Schiller in the " Wallenstein" ♦ has
produced so grand and ennobling a
piece of composition, so varied and
yet BO descriptive, so powerful and
yet so elevated, that it ascends above
all others of a kindred species ; but,
with these inimitable qualities, it has
the disadvantage of a similar draw-
back to that of Manzoni's compositions.
The one erred in his character as an
historian, the other as a philosopher.
Xhe weight of the two principles does
* Colonel Mitchell has introduced to the notice of the British public one of thebeit
Mofraphical and historical works of late years, in his Life of Wallenstein, Duke of
frte^aad. The sathor has not only acquitted himself well as an historian, but hu
evinced his iliUiftjr as a most sagadons critic.
GufT. B(ao. Vol. XIII. E
y^
26
Goethe i Table Talk.
[Jan.
injury to the purity and success of the
dramatic and poetical genius of the
composition.
In reviewing the many eminent men
that grace the preceding pages in the
different departments of learning, it
would be difficult for an individual in
the brevity of a few pages to do ample
merit to their varied and distinguished
abilities. The opinions advanced by
Goethe himself were not his studied
sentiments, but the mere effusions of
a momentary impulse ; and although
we may differ from him in many of his
sentiments respecting individual per-
sons, yet we are bound at the same
time to respect them as coming from
a man of lengthened experience, ripe
judgment, and one of the deepest
thinkers of the age. It is but render-
ing a just tribute to his memory, when
we say that Germany has combined
in no other individual the graces and
charms of poetry with the deep-toned
philosophy which is displayed in all
his works. These leading features
constitute the finished excellence of
Goethe, and place him upon a proud
and commanding elevation. No man
who has studied the diversity of hu-
man genius, the rise and progress of
human intellect, its different appli-
cations and final effects upon society,
but roust admire the judiciousness of
the several opinions advanced by
Goethe. The man who reasons from
himself, uncurbed by the authority of
opinions which are not only cherished,
but defended, by many, and which it
would be considered treason to dissent
from, must feel and think with Goethe ;
not that he is infallible, but because
he was determined to adopt only opi-
nions borne out by evidence and expe-
rience. If his sentiments are not re-
ceived and embraced, his judgment in
forming them, at least, is to be com-
mended. In this country Goethe is
too little known to be fully and justly
understood : it is the only favoured
few alone, in the higher walks of hu-
man reason and genius, that know how
to esteem and value such a scholar.
The fact is, that, although he thought
in the age, his thoughts were not of
the age ; he is one of those great minds
whose real appreciation is left to pos-
terity, and which time alone will ripen
into justice. He is not what is com*
monly called a popular writer; his
genius being of that high practical
quality, as well as of that deep scruti-
nizing spirit, which raises the ten-
dency of all his subjects above the
common thinking of the many.
He is one of those high-wrought
minds whose ideas were of the most
consummate order and regularity ;
every thought retained its proper
order, and assumed its correct posi-
tion : like the great masters of musical
composition, he possessed a complete
mastery over the science of instrumen-
tation, and foresaw, not only with the
eye of genius, but also with the per-
ception of the critic, the position which
his characters would assume, and the
effect which they would produce to
perfect the harmony of the whole. It
is true, his characters are not of that
lively, sprightly, and volatile cast
which distinguish other great com-
posers, and which makes them so
much applauded by the bulk of man-
kind ; (if we may carry out the figure),
he is not of the Rossini or Bellini
school ; there is too much science* too
much depth, indeed too much mind,
to receive the unanimous commenda-
tion of men. He possesses the vigour
and greatness of soul which is found
so largely in the compositions of Bee-
thoven and Weber, whose shadings in
musical skill are of that deep texture,
which only can be properly understood
by the great and elevated critic. In
these remarks we would not attempt
to raise his genius or imagination
above the understanding of men gene-
rally ; but the bearings of all the higher
order of his thoughts arc only for the
profound. How could it be other-
wise ? for nature herself shaped him
so. All men of great genius may be
compared to the most costly Parian
marble, which is diversified by every
conceivable veinage. Yet there is a
variety even in this : some blocks are
more crowded than others, and the
veins deeper and more varied. Such was
Goethe, — throughout him there was
the deep interminable veinage, cha-
racterized by all the richness and pu-
rity of its qualities.
From the opinions he has advanced,
and the characters he has given of his
contemporaries, we are led to regret
that he has not advanced more ; but
what he has said is well stated.
v
1840.]
Goeihe*s Table Talk.
9-
Many of the authors whose charac-
ters and qualifications he has glanced
at have long received the applause
and just reward of men of equal emi-
nence, as ranking high for their great
and consummate talent, but whose
weak points did unhinge that order
which tends to the common good of
all. Their bias led them to seat ridi-
cule in the chair where reason alone
should have her place ; but, although
we observe in some of them these
blemishes, yet is there so much pure
gold among the alloy, that we are in-
duced to overlook the little evil where
there is so much good.
There are nmny noticed among the
poets and great dramatists that are
more or less the favourites of every
reader ; and ail will be glad to recog-
nize some of their earliest and most de-
lightful companions, which come to our
view with greater zest when they have
undergone the ordeal of so great a critic
as Goethe, and have received his com-
mendation and praise. It may be
said of some whom he has noticed,
that they have formed the greatest
luxury and delight of our existence ;
and of others we are led to indulge in
the language of the great poet himself,
when he said,
*' I knew him as myself, for from our infancy
We have conversed and spent our.hours tog^e-
therj
And thoni^h myself have been an idle truant,
Omittini^ the sweet benefits of time
To dothe mine ai^e with an^fel-like perfection.'*
We will now introduce a few more
instances from the writings of Goethe,
embracing his general opinions and
views of subjects : —
To think for the mere purpose of
reflection answers no good end ; in
addition to the mere action of thought,
we must be gifled by nature with an
healthy organization, in order to adapt
its resources to circumstances and
things. Inasmuch as the ideal, the
beautiful and sublime, may come forth
spontaneously, as the offspring of the
gods, crying out " here we are."
I am accustomed to call classical
productions the healthy, — the romantic,
the tick, I consider the poem " Die
Nibclungcn" quite as classical as
that of Homer's. Both these great
productions of the human intellect
are bold and vigorous. The works
of the present day are not ronumtic
merely because they are modern,
but because they are sickly ; the an-
cient productions are not classical
because they have antiquity merely in
their favour, but because they are full
of energy, and fresh, as it were, with
the dew of youth. If we consider the
classic and the romantic in these two
points of view, we soon shall come to
a right conclusion, proper under-
standing, and a correct appreciation
of them.
The resemblance or relation which
one part ought to bear to another,
is the groundwork and foundation
of the drama. The doctrine of the
unities is good, as they are intended
to lead to a legitimate end; but it
would be absurd to consider them
as a law from which there should be
no deviation. The Greeks, notwith-
standing they were the inventors of this
rule, do not always strictly adhere to
it. As, for instance, the scene changes
in the Phaeton by Euripides, and also
in many other dramatic pieces of the
Greeks; as they considered the true
representation of their subject to be of
more importance, than vitiating their
plot by strictly following a mere law.
The piecesofShakspeare depart, as often
as is convenient for the full development
of the plot of his dramas, from strictly
following the doctrines of time and
place ; but, although in any of his
works he is not mindful of this rule«
all is properly understood, and they
are so comprehensible in themselves,
that even the Greeks could not find
fault with them.
Most of the French poets of the old
or classical school have strictly fol-
lowed this principle, or at least have
endeavoured to follow the unities ; but,
by being so precise, they have fallen
into obscurity, because they develope a
drama, not by action but by narrative.
Of what use would all the poets be,
if they were merely content in re-
peating what the historian has ad-
vanced ? They must go beyond this,
and produce something more elevated
and effective ; thoy must cultivate the
effects and arrangements of the charac-
ters. All the subjects of Sophocles are
noble, and partake of that elevation of
soul which has constituted him so
distinguished : in like manner is this
principle displayed in all the writio(i
of Shakspeare,
28
The Sects and Observances of Hindoo Faqueers.
[Jan«
The world has receiYed as a fact the
historical account, up to the present
time, of the noble heroism of Lucre-
tia and Muciu^ Scaevola ; but, alas !
there are historical critics who tell us
to our very teeth that such persons
never existed, and that their sublime
examples are nothing more than fic-
tions, invented by the genius of the
Romans. What is this miserable
truth to us? If the Romans were
grand enough to imagine such things,
we ought also to be grand enough to
believe them.
I can say that alone in Rome have
I fully comprehended what it is to be
a human being. No where else have
I found that elevation of mind and
felicity of feeling which I have en-
joyed in the Eternal City. Compara-
tively speaking, 1 have never since
felt myself happy, nor shall I during
the remainder of my life.
Mr. Urban, Dorchester, Sept. 9.
I TAKE the liberty of offering you
one more paper of extracts from the
Ardee8h'i'Mu}\fil, on the Hindoo Fa^eers
and Brahmuns, not with the presump-
tion that I shall afford the readers of
the Gentleman's Magazine any infor-
mation on a matter of which they are
ignorant ; but with the persuasion that
they may be glad to peruse a Hindoo's*
account of it, as having a kind of au-
thority which that of an European
must always want.
The word Faqeer is Arabic, mean-
ing poor or mendicant, and is a
common epithet for several sects of
devotees or holy mendicants, who are
sometimes called collectively by the
synonymous Persian name Durveeah
or DervUe, and distinctively the Suna-
Btes, the Joghees, the Bdiraghees, the
Nanuk Punthees, and the Jutees.
The first sect is that of the Suna-
«eet, " whose way is to give up carnal
desire and worldly pleasure, and to
occupy themselves in intolerable cere-
monies and painful austerities." They
lie so long on the earth that they
adhere to it, and twist their hair till it
becomes matted.** They occupy them-
selves day and night in meditation on
God, and bow their heads in his wor-
* The Ar4eesh-i-MuhfU was writtea by
learned Hindoo, Sber All Aftof.
ship. They hold no communication
with any one,<^ and have no wish for
anything. Naked from head to foot/
they rub their bodies with hhubhaot
(ashes of cowdung) ; and giving up
worldly honour and glory, what au-
sterities they undergo in the high way !
Although their outward state is mise-
rable, yet their noble hearts are full of
grace, and although their bodily form
is desolate, their spiritual existence is
happy. Some of them cultivate silence,
and remain holding converse and dis-
putation with their own souls.' One,
neglecting his body, and holding hii
hand towards heaven, catches, as it
were* the skirt of his object of desire,
(mutloob, objectdesired/) whileanother,
hanging in a tree, burns his proud
soul in the fire of affliction.' One stays
day and night in a place of worship lo
prayer to god ; and another, looking
no longer at this world, but gazing on
the sun,ff beholds another world with
the eye of his heart. In short, these
people spend their whole time in de-
votion, and afflict their souls every
moment, and in austerities of the most
painful kind.* Who is there besides
that has strength to undergo them or
even to think of them ?*> If I should
give the names of all the tribes of this
sect, and an account of their habits and
laws, with a full description of their
modes of worship," says the writer of
the Selections, " I should make my
story very long."
The Sunasees are the Gymnosophists,
or naked philosophers of India, spoken
of by the Greeks and Romans ; and
the foregoing account of them will be
corroborated and illustrated by the
following extracts from Latin and
English books ; and, for the sake of
facilitating the comparison of the coin-
cident observations of the Hindoo and
European writers, I have marked them
with the same alphabetical letters.
Cicero (Tuscul. Quaest. lib. 5,)
says, " Quae Barbaria India vastior,
aut agrcstior ? in ek tamen gente pri-
mum ii, qui sapicntes habentur, nudi ^
xtatem agunt ct Caucasi nives hiema-
lemque vim perferunt sine dolore :
cumque ad flammam se applicaverunt
sine gemitu aduruntur." He names
also the Suttees.
" Some of them," says Goldsmith,
in his Geography, '* enter into a
solemn vow to contiAue for life in one
\
1840.] The Sects and Observances of Hindoo Faqueers,
29
anTmried posture. * * * Some crawl on
their hands and knees for years around
an extensive empire ; and others roll
their bodies on the earth from the
shores of the Indus to the banks of the
GmngeSf and collect money to enable
them either to build a temple, to dig a
well, or to atone for some particular
sin. Some swing during their whole
Uh, in this torrid clirae, before a slow
fire ; others suspend themselves, with
their heads downwards, for a certain
time* over the fiercest flames."
"I have seen," says Mr. Forbes,
" m man who had made a vow to hold
np his arms in a perpendicular manner
above his head, and never to suspend
them ; at length he totally lost the
power of moving them at all.* He
was one of the gymnosophists, who
wear no kind of covering,** and seemed
more like a wild beast than a man ;
hta arms, from having been so long in
one posture, were become withered
and dried up ;* while his outstretched
fingers, with longnails of twenty years'
growth, gave them the appearance of
extraordinary horns : his hair, full of
dost, and never combed, hung over
him in a savage manner ; and, except
in his erect posture, there appeared
nothing human about him."
The writer of the " Memoirs of a
Cadet," tells us that he saw a Faqeer,
measuring his way to Juggernaut with
his body, by placing his feet in every
subsequent prostration where his head
had touched grornid in the former one';
and that he had come more than three
hundred miles of prostrations, and had
about four hundred more to go.
" To obtain the favour of Brahma
they suffer most dreadful tortures,*
(says a paragraph in Kelly's Geogra-
phy,) and the austerities some of them
undergo are incredible to those that
have not been eye-witnesses of them.^
Some stand for years upon one foot
with their arms tied to the beam of a
house or branch of a tree.' *** Some
sit in the sun, with their faces looking
apwards,' till they are incapable of
altering the position of their heads."
It may be worth while to observe,
that it was a glory with Socrates to
undergo some such austerities as these ;
as we are told by A. Gellius (Lib. 2,
c. i.) that he used to stand " pertinaci
statu, perdius atque pernox a summo
UicboftaidioUm «iterum oheiiteB«
inconnivens, immobilis, iisdem in ves-
tigiis, et ore atque oculis eundem in
locum directis cogitabundus, tanquam
quodam secessu mentis atque animi
facto a corpore ;" and he quotes FavO'
rinus, as saying of him that " TroXXoiccff
cf rjXlov tXs TjXiov €a'TfjK€i darpa^coTipos
rS>v 7rp€fjkV(av."
European writers have sometimes
confounded the generic epithet faqeer
with the distinctive names of the tribes
of faqeers, and must therefore be
wrong as far as the distinctions of the
Selections are right: and a note to a pas-
sage on the Indian philosophers in the
8th book of Q. Curtius (Delphin Edit.
London, 1705,) says, "Hodiernos
sacerdotes sive philosophos patrid. lin-
gu& Joguea (Joghees) appellari ferunt,"
which is wrong, as the chief" Indorum
sacerdotes" are the Brahmuns ; and
the Joghees are only one sect of the
Hindoo philosophers.
The second sect is that o( the J ogheeM,
so called from the Sanscrit Jog, penance
or devotion. " These people also day
and night follow the worship of their
God ; and, by much retention of the
breath, huhs-i-dum, live hundreds of
years." (See the account of the 4th
Shaster, Patur^l, in a former article,
Gent. Mag. June, 1 8390 " Notwith-
standing their great austerities, their
earthly tabernacle " {JamU'i-chakee^
garment of earth, or body,) " becomes
so light that they can fly on the
air and walk on the water. By the
power of exertion, whenever they like
they can pluck out their souls, and
throw them into the body of another,
and becoming invisible they can as-
sume the shape of whom they will.
They can foretell things, and make
gold from ashes. They cope with a
whole world by the power of enchant-
ment. They have fellowship with
Beeroon (heros), but the Bditaloon, (a
kind of demons) dread their power.
They heal diseases by a word, and
instantly know the mindofastranger«
whether friend or foe, though a Joghee
is a friend of every one. Although
there is much skill in conjuring and
alchemy among the Sunaseea, yet the
Jogheea have great reputation in those
sciences."
On recurring from this account of
the Joghees to that of the Shasters,
(for which I have already referred the
reader to the Gent* Mug. for June
30
The Sects and Observances of Hindoo Faqueers*
[Jan.
1839«) it will be seen that they are
disciples of the Patunjul Shaster, at-
tributed to Soamee Annunt, or, as I
believe it may be translated from the
Sanscrit, the Lord Vishnoo ; Soamee,
meaning Lord ; and Annunt, endless or
infinite ; being an epithet of Vishnoo
as well as of the serpent FasuJc, which
is said to support the earth. In
Smyth's Hindoostanee Dictionary it is
said that the Joghees are commonly
weavers ; though it is stated by the
Hindoo Selections that many of them
cultivate alchemy, and the black art.
1 believe the Joghees are the caste of
which the women are sometimes buried
alive with their husbands.
" The third sect is that of theBatra^-
hees," a Sanscrit appellation, meaning
a Recluse or Devotee. "They also
undergo many austerities, and groan in
penance. Their time is divided with
much discrimination. They spend the
day and night in their mode of worship,
and, absorbed in the love of Ram,
(the seventh incarnation of the God
Vishnoo,) and bending before the cre-
ator, every one keeps on in the way of
his founder, and never forsakes it.
Sometimes people of taste among
them« having composed hymns on the
unity and wisdom of God,'^ sing them
night and morning, and play musical
instruments of different sounds. In
their faith it is a noble service of God
and an act of their worship to come
into some open place, and dance pub-
licly, going round in a circle, as it is
believed among them that whoever
puts a foot to ground, in this state,
makes one step towards Heaven
(munjsil-i'muksood, the desired man-
sion). Many even utter its name with
their tongue, and turn over their rosary
of memory, f Many, given to contem-
plation, sit in meditation on noble
objects. They are chiefly occupied in
the study of the Bedant Shastcr ; and,
having learnt the mysteries of know-
ledge, and the secrets of the unity of
* See the account of the Bedant, or
Weedant, or Yeedant Shaster, Gent. Mag.
June, 1839.
t That is, 1 beUeve, they use the
Soomrun or rosary, to keep an account of
their steps in the devotional dance, or the
times they have named the munzil-i-muJt-
sood : a striking coincidence with the use
of the rosary in the Roman Catholic
Church.
God, they fill their hearts" (literally,
kfianU'i-dil, the house of the heart,)
" with light. There are many sects
of them, each called by the name of
its founder."
The fourth sect are the Nanuk Pun*
thees, (whom we commonly call sikhs,
or oodasees,) the founder of whom was
Baba Nanuk. "These people also,
agreeably to the precepts of their
leaders, occupy themselves in the wor-
ship of God ; but this is the essence of
their worship, that, being instructed
by teachers, they delight hearers by
singing doohree, chihund, and hvbit,
(three kinds of devotional music,) and
do not restrict themselves to medita-
tion upon anything."
The 5th are the Juteti, " These
also undergo hard abstinence and se-
vere toils. They stay in meditation
forty days in succession, bearing the
long pain of hunger and thirst. They
do not pamper their bodies, nor is
the name of eating and drinking fre-
quently uttered by their tongues.
They do not go about in the rainy
season, nor even put out their feet,
lest they may hurt some worm or in-
sect, as they believe the protection of
living things to be a great duty. On
this account they do not kindle
fire, or cook food ; and they think it
a crime to erect buildings, to light a
lamp, to sink wells, or even to draw
water from them, as it may be the
cause of harm to some animal. More-
over they eat no vegetables or g^een
fruit, because with them such things
are thought a kind of animals. If
they are very hungry or thirsty they
ask for what they need at the houses
of their followers, and eat or drink it ;
and they think it right to wear ragged
clothes. They do not believe in God,
for it is a precept of their founders,
that as grass grows of itself, and has
no sower, so is the production of man
and brutes, and that they have thus
come and gone from eternity ; nor do
they believe in future retribution.
They are necessitarians ; they say that
the body of man is of four elements,
and at its dissolution each will mingle
with its origin : they will not on any
account give people fire or water,
which all other sects of Hindoos think
it their duty to do, though they hold
it to be a good act to throw oil on an
ejttinct lamp. They think it wrong to
X
1840.]
The Saxon Dialect of Dorsetshire.
31
put a razor or scissors to their beard,
Imt that it should be plucked out by
the hand. It is a merit not to move
their teeth, or open their mouth, and
to be dirty and not to bathe. If their
hands become full of dirt, they will
not wash them, or consider themselves
impore ; and on these accounts, all
other Hindoos, who believe in a God
of justice, and the rewards and pains
of eternity, abhor this sect, and do not
think it right to associate with them,
or eTen to speak to them."
"The Brahmuns also are an an-
cient caste, which, according to the
Bed, are thought to have remained pure
from the creation of the world, but
do not attend to those systems
which other sects have chosen for their
rule."
"They do not receive a man of any
other sect into their caste, however he
may wish it ; nor would a Brahmun,
having forsaken their way and chosen
another caste, be'readmitted into their
body, though he should seek their
fellowship with the most earnest
prayers.
" In this caste there are four Aarum
or Ayeen, (sects or tribes,)
1st. The Bruhmuchutj, who never
marry, and occupy themselves in the
study of physical and moral philo-
sophy.
" 2nd. The Girhiaii, or house-
holders, who marry and rear fami-
lies, and occupy themselves in worldly
matters.
"3rd. The Banupnuthi, or ancho-
rites, who, when they are middle-aged
and fathers of children, leave their
families and go into the woods with
their wives, and live in penance and
devotion, eating nothing but fruits.
" 4th. The Sunyaaet, who cut tliem-
selTes off from all family connexions,
and occupy themselves in severe au-
sterities."
"And the four Barun or Hindoo
castes are,
ist. The Brahmuns, who occupy
themselves chiefly in reading the Bed,
and the study of science.
" 2nd. The Chhutree$, who rule and
administer the laws, as rajas or
magistrates ; and conduct military
matters, as riyas, officers, or sepoys.
"3rd. The Baiae$, whose occupa-
tion it commerce, trade, dealing, and
btnJuDg." Tlify ftre the bam«iit« or
merchants, who act as factors to the
East India Company ; and carry on
most of the Hindoo trade.
"4th. The Soodurs, who are servants
to the other three castes."
Of the four castes, the Brahmuns
are said to have originated from the
mouth of Brahma, the Chhutrees from
his arms, the Baises from his body,
and the Soodurs from his feet; and
therefore the Brahmuns teach, the
Chhutrees defend and rule, the Baises
enrich the state by commerce, and the
Soodurs serve.
In the account of the Bairagees, the
writer of the Selections speaks of Ram,
the seventh incarnation or avatar of the
godVishnoo. The Hindoos believe that
there will be ten of these avutars, and
that one of them will be assumed in
later times at Hurmundir, now a place
of pilgrimage in the old city of Sum-
bhul, about eighty miles north-east of
Delhi. In the account of the Joghees
he alludes to their alchemy, by which
they make gold from ashes ; and, in
the geographical part of the Selections,
he says, that in Bushbhur there is
much gold, the cause of which is said
to be that the philosopher's stone is
frequently found in the gravel of its
soil, and iron and copper become
golden by touching it, and that the
inhabitants are cunning enough to
shoe horses and oxen, and send them
to graze on the hills, whence they
walk home after some time on gold
shoes.
Yours,&c. W. Barnes.
Mr. Urban, Dorchester, Sept. 4.
THE observations which your cor-
respondent Pedridan made in your
Magazine for September on the Saxon
character of the dialect of Devonshire,
have induced me to send you a few on
that of my native county, Dorsetshire.
This dialect, which is purer and
more regular than that which has been
adopted as the national speech, is, I
think, with little variation, that of
most of those western parts of Eng-
land which were included in the king-
dom of the IVest Saxons, and has come
down by independent descent from the
Saxon dialect which our forefathers,
the followers of Cerdic and Cynric,
Porta, Stuf, and Wihtgar, brought
from the South of Denmark, and the
Sazoo islanda Nordi trand, Buien^ and
32
![%e S(Ufw Dialed of DanetiJdre.
[Jan.
Heiligoland. It is a broad, bold, rustic
shape of the English, as the Doric was
of the Greek ; rich in humour, strong
in raillery, powerful in hyperbole, and
altogether as fit a vehicle of rustic
feeling and thought as the Doric is
found in the Idyllia of Theocritus.
But to take up the subject of my
letter — its affinity with the Saxon. It
is very remarkable as retaining in the
perfect participle of verbs a mfllabic
augment which is found in Anglo-
Saxon and German, though the Eng-
lish has lost it. In German this aug-
ment is ge, as o^-hangen, hung — ^from
hangen, to hang; o^-sungen, sung —
from singen, to sing ; Qn-sehen, seen—*
from sehen, to see.
In Saxon it is oe or a, the latter of
which is that retained in Dorsetshire,
as
He've A'lost his hatchet.
He has lost his ax.
He've A.'Vound his boss.
He has found his horse.
A.-Saxon. Paulus QE-hunden wearth 0E-aefu2 to Rome. Sax. Chr. A.D. 50.
DoasBT. Paul A-bound wer A-zent to Rome.
A.-Saxoi?. Simon se apostle wss A-hangen, Sax. Chr. A.D. 90.
DoRSBT. Simon the 'possle wer A-hang'd,
A.*Saxon. Cenwalh cing waes A-dfyven of his rice. Sax. Chr. A.D. 645.
Dorset. King Kenwalh wer A-drove vrom his kingdom.
The present tense indicative mood sing, of the verb to be is,
Dorset* A.-Saxon.
I be Ic beo
Thou hist Thu byst
He is He ys.
Against is in the Dorset dialect and Anglo-Saxon agien.
The demonstrative pronoun that is in the Dorset dialect thick, with the th
soft, as in the; and thick is clearly a corruption of the A.- Sax. tkg ylea, in
Scotch the ilk, meaning the iame.
A.-Saxon. Thy ylcan geare hie gefuhton with Bryttas. Sax. Chr. A.D. 519.
Dorset. ITiick year tha fought wi' the Britons.
The pronoun thi$ is in the Dorset dialect thiez and in A.-Sax. theos
him en bine
a plough (aratrum) a zul sul
a woodpigeon a woodculver culfer, a dove.
The word rather, as in the expres-
sion I would rather die than do such
an action, means, sooner or earlier,
and is the comparative degree of an
adverb rathe, which is lost from na-
tional English, though in the vale of
Blackmore — natale solum meum — the
txpression " I wer up rathe this mar-
ncn," for " I was up early this morn-
ing," is in common use.
To drong is in Dorset to crowd or
press, as arangen is in German ; and
a hangen is the slope or side of a hill,
which the Germans call abhang.
Many verbs that are irregular in the
national language are conjugated regu-
larly in the dialect of the West. The
imperfect tenses of the verbs blow,
hUld, catch, and crtno, for examples ;
being blowed, builded, eatched, and
CTOwea*
The Dorset dialect^ in most cases,
4
substitutes the diphthongal sound ia
or ya for the long a, as that in tale,
bake, cake, hate, late, making these
words tiale, biake, kiake, hiate, liate ;
the very change which the Spanish
language has made in the same sound,
that of e in many Italian words, such
as bene, certo, invemo, serra, tempo,
and vento, which are in Spanish bten,
cierto, invierno, sierra, tiempo, and
viento ; and in like manner the o long
of English words, such as bold, cold,
fold, more, oak, and rove, is commonly
preceded by u in our dialect, in which
those words become buold, cuold, vuold,
muore, woak, and mope ; a change of
which we find examples in Italian in
such words as buono, cuore, luogo, and
uomo, from the Latin bonus, cor, locus,
and homo, though in these cases the u
is not sounded so strongly as it is in
the Dorsetshire words.
1840.]
Defignsfw tht Ax>yai Exchange.
S3
The initial / of English words is
commonly rejected for its softer cog-
Mte r in the Dorset dialect, while in
the Swedish language/ is pronounced
as V at the end of words.
The study of the provincial dialects
would open to philologists much that
is vet unknown of the structure of
the English language, and most likely
lead them nearer to the true pronun-
ciation of the Anglo-Saxon.
Yours, &c. W. Barnes.
DESIGNS FOR THE ROYAL EXCHANGE.
** A practicable, advisable, and durable edifice.'*
*■ jHitruetioru of the Committee of the Court of Common Council,
IT will be a matter of surprise to
strangers to hear that all that was
required for an Exchange, design-
ed for the use and ornament of the
first commercial city in the world,
should be no more than a practicable,
advisable, and durable buildine;
that, in the instructions issued to the
artiste who were to design, and the
judges who were to decide upon, the
future structure, no mention should
be made of the necessity of the pro-
jected edifice being grand, magnifi-
cent, or ornamental ; or that it was
eipected to be worthy of the metropolis
of England, commensurate with the ob-
ject for which it is erected, and, if not
superior to every edifice of the kind,
at least that it should not be below
the level of similar structures in other
lands. But, unfortunately for the
cause of the fine arts, in tne present
instance, as well as in many other
public structures, a sum so totally
inadequate to the erection of a build-
ing of sufiicient importance to oc-
cupy so excellent a site has been
named as the estimate, that it is out
of the power of anv architect to pro-
duce a design which can be deemed an
ornament to the metropolis. With
these impediments, it will not be sur-
nrising if a warehouse should be
Doilt for the Exchange of Great Bri-
tain, and that a Committee of the
Corporation of London may regard
such a structure as a practicable and
advisable building ; and no one will be
disappointed, if the edifice raised under
such control should appear rather like
a place of meeting for a community of
shopkeepers, than an Exchange for a
city of merchants.
Three architects, in high practice,
were engaged to inspect the plans, de-
signs, and specifications sent in, with
Gent. Mao. Vol. XIII,
the view of selecting the five best de-
signs, in conformity with the instruc-
tions issued by the Committee, and
which could be erected for the sum
of £150,000.
The gentlemen appointed to this
arduous duty. Sir Robert Smirke, Mr.
Joseph Gwilt, and Mr. Hardwick,
proceeded with great fairness to the
accomplishment of their task, and
after a careful examination of the de-
signs they conclude with an expres-
sion of regret that they could not
submit for the choice of the Commit-
tee five designs which they could,
without many changes in them, report
as even practicable, advisable, and
capable of being made durable edi-
fices, in accordance with the com-
mon-place ideas of the Committee.
Nothing was said by these gentlemen
about grandeur or magnificence, or
the necessity of the building being an
ornament to the city ; for which they
are not to be blamed, as such matters
were as foreign to their instructions
as they were to the ideas of their
employers : hence, however, it may be
deplored that the competition has not
afforded a greater opportunity for the
development of talent and the display
of genius, the deficiency must be
mainly attributed to the limited field
of operation allowed to the competitors.
Still, the judges gave their decision
on eight designs, which, as they report,
they have selected rather as works of art
than as designs which, in their present
state, they could pronounce to be prac-
ticable and capable of being made du-
rable edifices. Five of these designs
are ranked in a first class, as buildings
which might, perchance, be executed
for £150,000, with the above qualifi-
cation. These designs we will pro-
ceed to notice in the first instance.
F
34
Designs for the Royal Exchange.
[JaD*
The first of the chosen subjects. No.
36, is by Mr. Grellier. How this pro-
duction could have been selected for
pre-eminence as a work of art, is one
of the many extraordinary circum-
stances attendant on the competition.
It appears to be a large structure, as
common- place as any building could be.
A clumsy square tower rises at one end,
and at the other, which is the prin-
pal front, is a six-columned portico,
the entablature of which, instead of
being crowned with a pediment, is
borne down by a heavy and unsightly
attic, and which attic is most oddly
decorated with some very uncouth-
looking ornaments, — the entire com-
position appearing like a reminiscence
of the old front, after the unsightly
alterations made in the original ar-
chitecture when the new tower was
built. It would seem as if the de-
signer had contemplated the preser-
vation of some of the old rubbish in
his new structure ; and, in furtherance
of this object, to have ornamented the
face of the attic wall with shields of
arms, and stuck on the parapet, wings
and other objects incompatible with
the columns below them. What could
induce Messrs. Smirke, Gwilt, and
ITardwick to discover in an Italian
portico, without the least semblance
of a classical character, decorated,
moreover, with heraldic insignia,
anything like a work of art, is yet to be
learned. 'J'hc interior is a court, sur-
rounded bv a naked Tuscan arcade,
something like the old one, but des-
titute of the richness of its decora-
tions. To this design the Committee
has awarded the premium of i:'300.
The next in succession is No. 43,
by M. Chateauneuf.
This design, to which the first pre-
mium of ;^200 was awarded, is one of
those productions which possess so
little of character that it is difilcult to
say for what they are intended. It is
a large building, with a very high
roof, having more the air of a theatre
than any other structure we can name.
The decorative portions are very plain ;
the elevation is in two stories, with
an arcade to the first, the second being
formed into divisions by antae. The
principal front has aquaker-like plain-
ness, and the whole appears to be the
work of a cantious and almost timid
hand, fixed to rules, and afraid to
venture an idea of its own. Though
far above the first as a work of art, it
is equally far from possessing the cha-
racter of a Royal Exchange, or being
of sufficient importance for the Ex-
change of London.
No. 37, by Mr. Sydney Smirke, which
obtained the second premium of 200/.
is in far better taste than either of the
two designs which are placed before
it. The architecture is not unlike
that of Goldsmiths' Hall. The area
is a parallelogram with a surrounding
corridor : the elevation is made into
three stories, fronted by a single range
of columns. The order is Corinthian.
The principal front, which looks upon
the west, is ornamented with a noble
ten-columned portico crowned with a
pediment. The lateral fronts have
engaged columns in the centre. It has
no tower.
As a work of art this design is de-
cidedly far aboye either of the others
selected. Although there is nothing
very original in the composition, it
presents great grandeur, and shews
more of an architectural character than
either of the others. However, the
want of a tower greatly mars the
magnificence of the design.
The above are the three first of the
five designs (mentioned in the Report).
The remaining two, included in the first
class, and which received no premium,
are the following.
No. 33, said to be the production of
Messrs. Wyatt and Brandon. This
is a respectable structure, without any
thing very striking in its appearance.
The architecture is Palladian — the
best portion being the arcade which
surrounds the oblong square court ap-
propriated to the merchants. The
arches are sprung from piers, ac-
companied by columns : and the de-
sign is not inelegant. The tower is
rather insignificant.
No. 51. Attributed to Mr. Penne-
thorne, is a Grecian design, and, in
common with most of the modern
productions in this style, is distin-
guished by an affectation of simplicity.
At the principal front is a six-columned
portico, behind which rises a huge
square tower, plain almost to naked-
N
1840.1
Defignsfor the Royal Exchange.
35
for the greater portion of its ele-
Mi« and finished by a structure
BDoaed of twenty columns arranged
ia the aame plan as the tower, and
samoaoted by an entablature. A
ihofft distance below these columns
appears a group of sculpture in a pe-
dmental wan, looking like an expe-
ruBcatai afterthought, to relieve the
barreancss of the structure.
Thecoart. in the interior, is very
cold and heaTy ; it is quadrangular,
and sorroonded by a corridor, which is
leparated from the area by large
iqpare piers, crowned by an entablature
with chapleta in the style of the cho-
ngic moniuneot of Thrasybulus. The
court has an air of gloom and melan-
choly even in the drawing; it will be
easy to conceive what would be the
effect of it on a November aflernoon,
just at the closing of the Exchange
during a heavy London fog.
The second class of designs com-
prdiends three others, the cost of
which the umpires assume would
vastly exceed the sum fixed upon, but
which exhibit great talent, and are
cooiidered to be the work of clever
trtiata, but in which they consider
many essential particulars have been
sacrificed to grand architectural fea-
tures.
The first of these designs. No. 30,
is, we believe, the work of Mr. Do-
naldson ; a very respectable design,
havii^ an eight-columned portico with
a pediment at the principal front. The
architecture is Corinthian, and the entire
rrder is continued upon the secondary
fronts. We really do not see why this
•triictore is not equally capable of
beiBg executed for the sum fixed upon
with those placed in the first class.
The next design. No. 46, is re-
ported to be the joint production of
Mr. Cockercll and a late pupil, Mr.
Richardson. This, as a work of art,
is decidedly the finest in the exhibi-
tion ; it possesses all the requisites of
a first-rate architectural design. The
splendour of the structure, and the
richness of its architectural deco-
rations, are such as to vie with rvrn
Roman grandeur. The main feature of
the design is a vast hypxthral hall,
upon the floorof which npcoaan arcade,
forming the first btory of the cicva*
tion ; the second story is decorated
with series of niches containing
statues of the English Sovereigns.
A ceiling, coved in the form of a qua-
drant of a circle, springs from the
walls ; the soffite is enriched with lo-
zenge-shaped compartments ; the cen-
tre being open to the sky, and sur-
rounded by a balustrade.
The west front has a six-columned
portico of the Corinthian order,
without a pediment, flanked by two
square turrets crowned with cupolas,
of a light and elegant character. With
all the merits of this design, however,
it is to be regretted that it could not
be adequately executed for any sum
equal to that proposed ; but it is evi-
dent, from the sections, that the mag-
nificent ceiling and many of the por-
ticos roust necessarily be executed in
plaster. This defect, however, is not
to be attributed to the ingenious de-
signers, but the natural consequence
of the lowness of the estimate allowed
for the structure.
No. 27, by Mr. Mocatta. This last
design in the second class attracted a
greater share of public attention dur-
ing the exhibition than perhaps any
other of the subjects. It has since
been an object of considerable interest,
from the circumstance of an eminent
builder having, it is said, undertaken
to erect it for the proposed estimate :
a fact which has occasioned the de-
signer to consider himself ill-treated
by his design having been placed in a
secondary class ; for which thc'avowcd
reason was, that its cost would vastly
exceed the 150,000/.
The principal characteristics of the
building are an eminent degree of
lightness and airiness ; a play of fancy,
and a painter- like style, is observable
in the architecture ; it struck us, how-
ever, as too light for the climate of
England. The design certainly displays
great genius, and is profusely decu*
rated with sculpture, which, however,
it is presumed would be omitted in
the execution, and its absence would
in consequence greatly injure the effect
of the entire edifice.
The interior was occupied by a
square area, surroundi'd by an arcade
on the ground floor. The columns, of
the Ionic order, sustain elliptical
36
Designs for the Uoyal Exchange,
[Jan.
arches ; the wall within the arcade
has niches intended to receive the sta-
tues of the Kings ; the elevation over
the arcade has large arched windows,
the piers being decorated with antsc.
On the whole, this portion has much
of the air of the old quadrangle.
The west front has a portico of eight
columns, which, to possess magnifi-
cence, requires a greater projection
than the designer has given to it.
At each frontof the building is alight
and beautiful bell-tower, of an origi-
nal design ; but we fear two fragile for
the climate of England, and too ele-
gant to be exposed to the smoke and
dirt of the metropolis. Each tower
is square in plan, and composed of five
groups of columns, surmounted by
the entablature, on which are placed
eight very graceful female statues,
four of which are in a reclining pos-
ture, and the others standing in grace-
ful attitudes ; the whole surround a
dome, from which rises a spiral rod
for a vane. There is not much mean-
ing to be gathered from these figures,
which appear more fitted for a theatre.
The towers would lose much of their
originality, if the statues were re-
moved ; and with so low an estimate,
we should not expect to see them ex-
ecuted.
We now proceed to comment on several
of the designs, which are passed over
without any notice by the judges,
with the exception of some general
censure. We have not space to notice
every one of the designs exhibited,
but will confine our observations to the
most striking.
No. 48, we heard, was the work of
Mr. Shaw, the architect of St. Dun-
stan's Church, Christ Hospital, &c.
The plan is very well suited to the
site, and the architect has aimed at
giving to his building the air and
grandeur of a Roman amphitheatre.
The architecture is Palladian, and re-
minded us strongly of the style intro-
duced into this country by Inigo Jones.
The principal front is ornamented by
two small but not inelegant bell-
towers. The windows are large and
spacious, and of that description so
commonly seen in the works of Pal-
ladio.
The building is in three portions,
the central being a large oval area.
surrounded by an arcade, opening from
an aisle or cloister, fronted by an ar-
cade. In the centre is placed the
statue of King Charles the Second.
The exterior of this area is a lofty
wall, formed in successive stories,
each of which has its own ordet
shewn in attached columns, in the
style of the ancient amphitheatres.
We apprehend this subject to be that
which, in the report of the architects,
is described as " a design of great ar«
chitectural magnificence, in which
a wall one hundred feet in height sur-
rounds the area appropriated to the
meeting of the merchants. In this
latitude," (they add,) "except about
the summer solstice, and then only for
a few days, the sun's rays would never
fall on the pavement of the area, and
in the winter solstice they would
scarcely reach the top of the arcades."
We think this censure admits of some
qualification, and might be obviated by
lowering the wall a few feet. The ge-
neral magnificence of the design should
atone for this minor defect, and we
feel^ccrtain that no one of the proposed
structures possesses greater merit and
is better suited for the purpose : the
only one in the collection which can
compete with it is that attributed to
Messrs. Cockerell and Richardson, but
which in its present state is far more
difficult of execution on a reasonable
estimate than the present design.
No. 22 is said to be designed by
Mr. Davies. The entire structure has
too much the air of a church, and the
tower in particular strikingly resem-
bles that of the church built by Sic
John Soane in Marylebone parish.
There are colonnades at the principal
and lateral fronts, and the area is cir-
cular, the elevation being formed in
two stories ; on the ground floor is an
arcade and a corridor ; the upper
story being ornamented with ants.
The idea of a circular space for the
merchants is very good, and we are
not a little surprised to find that it
has been adopted by so few of the com-
petitors.
No. 31, attributed to Mr. Bunning.
It differs from many other designs
in this striking particular. The
principal front towards the west
is in the form of a semicircle, and
is fronted by a colonnade of the Co-
^
\
1840.3
Sir Smnuel Take, and Mr. Charles Tooke.
37
linthian order. There is great beauty
in the form, and the effect we consider
would be good if it were executed,
the form being very well suited to the
site.
The tower is an extraordinary fea-
ture and by no means pleasing : the
lower part is a dome on the in-
tidt, covered by a cone, in imita-
tation of St. Paul's. It would have been
aa well if it had been surrounded by a
cupola, like the original ; but, in lieu
of this, the architect has raised upon
it a pyramidal structure of columns,
until It assumes the appearance of a
spire. The whole structure gives an
idea of an awkwardly executed attempt
at gaining height.
We expected to have seen the idea
of a covered area for the meeting
place of the merchants a leading fea-
ture in the designs ; this, however, has
been adopted in very few instances.
In one, a vast hall is constructed for
the purpose, and in which groups of
columns are made to support a cupola,
the soffit of which is ribbed, each alter-
nate interval being pierced ; externally
a larger dome is formed, inclosing the
whole. The raising of the dome on co-
lumns gives an idea of insecurity, but
the ventilation of the vast apartment
seems to be very ingeniously provided
for.
The result of the competition ap-
pears to be very unsatisfactory : the
three designs which had the fortune to
be chosen above their rivals seero,
after all, to be likely to meet with re-
jection, and it was at one time reported
that two well-known architects were
actively engaged in making a design
of their own to supersede the chosen
subjects. That this idea originated in
mere rumour there can be little doubt,
as it is evident no man of honour or
credit would have stooped to so mean a
transaction ; yet if such an idea had
been carried into execution, it would
not have been without utility, as it
would have gone far to open the eyes of
the profession to the evils of competition .
It would seem that some foresight of
an occurrence of this kind had led to
the production of the drawing num-
bered 4 1 ; which appears to be the pro-
duction of some wag, who doubtless
held competition in the same repute
at a burnt child is said to regard
the fire, and who has ventured up-
on a quiz on the entire subject.
His design is a caricature rude
enough, it is true, but not with-
out some concealed pictorial satire.
He has a tower exactly the model of
that which is raised upon Christ
Church, Marylebone, and in the tri-
glyphs of his Doric there is something
very like the cloves and allspice in the
back entrance to a well-known civic
hall. This drawing is evidently intended
for a joke ; but when the results of so
many competitions have turned out
so decidedly unsatisfactory — when the
finest designs are sent back to slum-
ber in their maker's portfolios, it may
not be an assumption of too great
foresight to predict that the time is
not far distant when such subjects
as No. 41 will be all that a competi-
tion will produce.
At present, then.'thcquestion of the de-
sign of the Royal Exchange isundecided.
We feel certain that every lover of the
fine arts will join with us in trusting
that the subject will undergo further
consideration, that a larger sum will
be granted, and that the metropolis
will not be allowed to be degraded by
the addition of another building to the
many mean, common-place, unsightly
structures with which it is at present
disfigured.
Mtt. Urban, AtAetKeum, Dec. 17.
YOUR correspondent A. Z. in his
interesting memorial of the Tookes,
appears to have lost sight of two con-
temporary worthies of that family.
Sir Samuel Tuke of Cressing Temple,
Essex, Bart, who was killed at the
battle of the Boyne, and was a lineal
descendant of Sir Bryan Tuke of Layer
Marney, in the same county, temp. Hen.
Vlll. ; and Charles Tooke, son of the
elder Benjamin Tooke, and a writer of
some merit in the collection of Poeti-
cal Miscellanies, 1712, &c. The fol-
lowing poems in that collection have
his name attached to them.
1. To the Rt. Hon. Sir Geo. Rooke,
Vice Admiral of England, at his return
from his glorious enterprise near Vigo,
1702.— This is well written, and con-
cludes a well -sustained panegyric on
the Hero (whose name, by the bye, it
has been said was originally Tooke,
38
The Marriage of King Edward IV.
[Jan.
but that he changed the iDitial letter
owing to some family feud) with the
following neat couplet :
Virtue like solid gold securely shines,
Nor needs the gaudy varnish of our lines.
2. Imitation of the 23rd Ode of
Anacreon, On gold, to a raiser.
3. Part of the 14th book of Homer.
In this is described the contrivance of
Juno to lull Jupiter asleep, that Nep-
tune may in the mean time assist the
Greeks.
4. To Lesbia.
5. The Stolen Kiss.
G. ITie Wedding Night.
7. The State of Nature, a Poem.
The ancient Barony of II oo and
Hastings, created 24 Henry VI. in the
person of Thomas Hoo, who died with-
out issue, there is reason to believe is
in abeyance in the family of Toke of
Godinton, as John Toke of Beere
married Joyce, only daughter of Sir
Thomas Hoo, brother to the Lord
Hoo, from which marriage the Rev.
Nicholas Toke the present possessor
of Godinton, is lineally descended.
Such further light as any corres-
pondent of yours could throw upon
this subject would be very accept-
able.
Yours, &c. Cantianus.
THE MARRIAGE OF KING EDWARD IV.
AVE find that, in the Review of
"Warkworth's Chronicle," in our
last number, we were very incorrect
in stating that the marriage of King
Edward the Fourth with Elizabeth
Wydvillc, at Grafton, was unnoticed
by the county historian.* We made
this observation too hastily, on finding
the circumstance not mentioned in
Mr. Baker's general history of the
honour of Grafton, at p. 163; but a
few pages onward there is a memoir
of Elizabeth Widcville, as a native of
the parish, from which we now beg to
make the following extract :
*' Elizabeth Wideville, the ancestress of
the Royal family, and the first British
* We are glad to have this opportunity
to announce that Part V. of this escelleut
Work is now in the press, and will appear
in the course of next year.
female subsequent to the Nonntn Con-
quest who shared the throne of her fore-
reign, was the eldest dtugfater of Richard
Earl Rivers, and born at Grafton ; or, as
Fuller quaintly observesi ' sore I am, if
this Grafton saw her not firtt a chUd, it
beheld her first a Queen, when married to
King Edward the Fourth.'
*' Her first husband was Sir John Grey of
Groby, who fell in the prime of life,, at
the second battle of St. Alban^s, 17th Feb.
1460-1, (39 Hen. VI.} leaving two infant
sons, Thomas, afterwards Marquess of
Dorset, and Richard. Being a zealous
Lancasterian, his estates were confiscated
by the victorious Edward, and his widow
returned to her paternal home at Grafton.
In the beginning of the year 1464, the
King, having no longer any enemy to
dread, turned his attention to a suitable
alliance, and the Earl of Warwick was
despatched to Paris to negotiate a mar-
riagd with Bona of Savoy, sister of the
Queen of France. His mission was suc-
cessful ; but .in the meantime Edward,
whilst hunting in Whittlebury forest, be-
came enamoured of the Lady Grey, and
sacrificed State policy to love. Their first
interview, according to Holinshed and
other chroniclers, took place at Grafton
house, where Edward repaired after the
chase to visit the Duchess of Bedford and
Lord Rivers ; but this is scarcely consist-
ent with probability, as they were adhe-
rents of the rival rose ; and the popular
tradition of the neighbourhood is, that
the lovely widow sought the young mo-
narch in the forest for the purpose of pe-
titioning for the restoration of her hus-
band's lands to her and her impoverished
children, and met him under the tree
still known by the name of the Quekn*s
Oak, which stands in the direct line of
communication from Grafton to the fo-
rest, and now rears its hollow trunk and
branching arms in a hedge-row between
Pury and Grafton parks. Ignorant of the
King's person, she inquired of the young
stranger if he could direct her to him ;
when he told her, he himself was the ob-
ject of her search. She threw herself at
his feet, and implored his compassion.
He raised her from the ground with as-
surances of favour, and, captivated with
her person and manners, accompanied her
home, and in his turn became a suitor for
favours she refused to grant at the price
of honour.
'* Finding her virtue inflexible, he yielded
to the force of passion, and came from
Stony Stratford to Grafton early in the
morning of the first of May 04^)4), and
«rru privately married there by a priest,
no on« being present cAcept the boy whQ
I84i.]
2%« Orthography of Shahespeare.
39
■AM, tlie Duchess of Bedford,
of hat geDilewomen. In a few
he fctenied to Stratford, and re-
tired to Iw Camber, as if he had been
kwiiiBf aad fiitigaed with exercise. A
slMMt time after, he invited himself to
spend a few days with Lord Rivers at
GraftiNB, and was splendidly entertained
there for four days; bnt the marriage was
Icept a profound secret. £dward was only
twenty-two years of age when he formed
this impolitic and imprudent connexion,
who at first had not resolution to brave
the bunt of dissatisfaction to which he
foieeaw it would give rise amongst all
rismra of his subjects ; but, weary of con-
straiat, he publicly avowed his marriage
on Ifiehedmas day following, when Eli-
nbeth being led by the Duke of Clarence
in solemn pomp to the chapel of the
Abbey of Reading in Berkshire, was de-
clarea Queen, and received the compli-
ments of the nobility,*' &c.
With reference to the remarks in
Dec. p. 617, on the authorship of
" Warkworth's Chronicle/' it should
hare been noticed that Mr. Halliwell,
in p. xxvi. of his Introduction, states
that the volume was presented by
Wark worth to the college in the year
1483. It was shown that the tran-
scription was made in the year 1482 ;
which certainly increases the proba-
bility that it was made especially for
Warkworth, though it furnishes no
safe evidence of such having been the
fact.
Mu. Urban, i>ec. 17.
SIR Frederick Madden has favoured
us with his observations on the ortho-
graphy of the name of our national
Bard, appealing to the poet's auto-
graph ; Mr. Hallara in his "Introduc-
tion to the Literature of Europe, "that
map of the intellectual world, seems
inclined to adopt the " specious rea-
sons" offered by Sir Frederick Mad-
den ; and posterity may be in some
danger of losing the real name of our
great dramatic poet.*
In the days of Shakespeare, and long
after, proper names were written down
as the ear caught the sound, or they
were capriciously varied by the owner.
It is not, therefore, strange that we
have instances of eminent persons
writing the names of intimate friends,
and of public characters, in a manner
not always to be recognised. Of this
we are now furnished with the most
abundant evidence, which was not suf-
ficiently adverted to in the early times
of our commentators.
The autographs we possess of our
national Bard are unquestionably
written Shakspere, according to the
pronunciation of his native town ;
there the name was variously written,
even in the same public document,
but always regulated by the dialecti-
cal orthoepy. The marriage licence of
the poet, recovered in your Magazine
for September, 1836, offers a striking
evidence of the viciousness of the pro-
nunciation, and the utter carelessness
with which names were written, for
there we find it Shaospere.
That the Poet himself considered
that the genuine name was Shake-
speare, accordant with his arms, (a
spear, the point upward,) seems cer-
tain, notwithstanding his compliance
with the custom of his county ; for his
" Rape of Lucrece," printed by himself
in 1 594, on the first edition, now before
me, bears the name of William
* It would be wrong to omit stating, on this occasion, that the opinion of Mr
Huntei* (whose Shakespearian work is so fully quoted in our present Number) coin-
rides with that of our present much esteemed Correspondent : — " I willingly add my
testimony to the genuineness of the Poet's autograph ; but express my dissent from Sir
F. Maduen*s proposal that the name of Shakespeare should be changed into S^ak-
tjtere. Sir F. Madden has overlooked two important points ; 1st, that the practice in
writing of the individual is not the proper guide to what should be the present ortho-
graphy. If it were, we must read f Jray and Grayc for Grey ; for Lady Jane Grey wrote
Joanna Graia, and her sister, Mary Grayc ; when the wife of I^ord (r. Dudley, she
wrote Dnddly or Duddeley. 2dly, in the time of Shake8))eare, there was the utmost
indilTerence in respect of the orthography of proper names ; of the name Shakespeare
itself, there are at least ten or twelve various forms. Wc have Driden and Drvden.
Sir W. Raleigh wrote Rawleigh, with other variations in the spelling. The rule in
this point, as in many others pertaining to language, is the usat/e of persons of culti-
vation. In the title-pages of his writings, his names is Shakespear, or Shakespeare ;
it is so in the folios, the quartos, and the monument at Stratford.*' — (p. 05.)
I
Precedence of the Baronets o/Nom Scotia,
40
Shakespeare, as also does the " Ve-
nas and Adonis," that " first heir of
his invention : " these first editions of
his juvenile poetry were, doubtlessly,
anxiously scrutinised by the youthful
Bard. In the literary metropolis the
name was so pronounced. Bancroft
has this allusion in his epigrams :
"To Shakespeare.
«* Thou hast so used thy pen, or ihook thy
tpearet
That poets startle "
The well-known allusion of Robert
Greene to a shake-ncme confirms the
pronunciation. I now supply one
more evidence, which has not hitherto
been alleged for this purpose, that of
Thomas Heywood, the intimate of
Shakespeare, and his brother drama-
tists : he, like some others, has printed
the name with a hyphen. I copy from
the volume open before me :
*< Mellifluous Shake-speare,*' —
** Hierarchie of Angels,*' 206.
George Hardinge's " Essences of
Malone," are an infelicitous specimen
of satirical humour ; but there lies
some curious knowledge amid the heap
of peevish nonsense, and in the second
part, p. 112, we find the most ample
evidence how the name was written
and pronounced in London in the days
of Shakespeare.
1 rejoice that the most able writer
on our dramatic history, Mr. Payne
Collier, has adopted the genuine name,
as also the judicious Mr. Dyce. I
■ here enter my protest : while a drop of
ink circulates in my pen, I shall ever
loyally write the name of Shake-
speare.
The question now resolves itself into
this : — Is the name of our great bard
to descend to posterity with the bar-
baric curt shock of Shakspere, the
twang of a provincial corruption ; or,
following the writers of the Elizabe-
than age> shall we maintain the resto-
ration of the euphony and the truth of
the name of Shakespeare ?
Yours, &c.
The Author op
*' Curiosities of Literature."
[Jan.
Mr. Urban, Dec, 18.
IN a mixed society, I heard lately
the question raised. What is the
rank of Baronets of Nova Scotia when
5
they come into England ? I was sur-
prised at the doubt, having always
assumed, that, by the analogy of the
case of Peers of Scotland, they would,
from and after the date of the Act of
Union, take rank immediately after
those of their own class bearing Eng-
lish honours. The rights of Peers are
secured by § 22, 23 of 7 Ann, c. 11,
and 1 had conceived that the rights of
Baronets also were, by some corres-
ponding words, in like manner se-
cured ; but, on looking at the Act, I
see that, though heretable jurisdictions
are guarded as rights of property, he-
ritable honours, except those of the
Peerage, are not noticed ; and the word
Baronet does not, I think, occur in
any part of the Act ; nor is there any
provision therein which, even by in-
ference, appears to me to meet the
particular case. It seems, indeed, a
castis omissus in the Act.
In the difficulty which I felt on this
occasion I had recourse, as most of
your readers in similar cases would
fiave, to the pages of your Magazine,
in order to obtain the required authority
for the decision. I saw that, in your No.
for May 1791, Vol. lxi. p. 400, wasa
query — " Are Nova Scotia Baronets
deemed inferior in rank to English
Baronets, or not ?*' — but to this query
1 found no answer, nor do I trace
any revival of the subject in the forty-
eight years which have since elapsed.
Allow me then to ask you, or some of
your correspondents, whether there be
any and what rule of right in the
matter? We all know (I^rd Balti-
more knows it to his cost) that, up to
the date of the Union with Ireland, a
Peer of Ireland, when he landed at
Holyhead, became here a commoner.
I presume that the same was the case
with a Peer of Scotland, up to the date
of the Union with Scotland, whenever
he might have crossed the Tweed.
If the question be not settled by the
Act of Union, is there any other autho-
rity which can now settle it ? It is
understood that Baronets are not ad-
mitted to take, as such, any place at a
coronation : is there any other cere-
monial in which the rank, not of in-
dividual Baronets inter se, but of
classes of Baronets inter se, has been
decided ? Has there ever been made
and admitted a claim of the Senior
1840.] Topographical Notices of Southport, Lancashire.
41
Baronet^ for instance, of Nova Scotia,
to take rank next after a Baronet made
io April 1707« and before the Baronet
made in June 1707, the Act of Union
becoming law in May 1 707 ?
If the decision be unfavourable to
the claim of Baronets of Nova Scotia
to take precedence next after the Ba-
ronets created in or before April 1 707,
it most be equally hostile to their claim
to take precedence of any Baronet
created either under the Great Seal
of Great Britain, or under the Great
Seal of the United Kingdom ; and,
therefore, if in England they take rank
at all, it must be by courtesy, and not
by right. But, on the other hand, it
follows equally that, if the Baronets of
Nova Scotia have no claim co prece-
dency in England, the Baronets of
England have no claim to precedency
in Scotland.
If any of your correspondents should
give to this question the honour of a
reply, I have only to beg that they will
not keep me in suspense quite so long
as their fathers and grandfathers kept
my unlucky predecessor, when he
asked in substance the same question
in May 1791.
Yours, Ace. T. Y. S.
SOUTHPORT, IN THE PARISH OF NORTH MEOLS, WITH THE
EARLY HISTORY OF THE PARISH.
Mr. Urban,
THE name of this place was a few
years ago unknown, and was originally
given on the occasion of opening the
first edifice erected for the accommo-
dation of strangers at this part of the
coast of Lancashire. The name of the
township is South Hawes, which is a
portion of the parish of North Mcols,
or, as it has at sundry periods been
called, Mele, Mels, Meales, Mells,
and Meyles. This district, till lately
so obscare, and of which even now
hardly any thing of its early history is
generally known, is situate on the
south side of the estuary of the Ribble,
extending eight miles along the coast
of the Irish sea. It would appear,
from the numerous shell beds and
marine substances found in excavating
at a considerable distance from the
sea, that some change in the direction
of the current has taken place in this
part of the coast, and that the sands
which once formed the beach of the
tea, and were covered every tide with
its waters, are now inhabited by man.
It has been matter of dispute, whether
the land or the water are gaining upon
each in this terraqueous globe, but it
it certain that in many places the
sea has gained on the land, while in
others there has been a considerable
increase of dry land, and decrease of
the sea. In Kent, for instance, the sea
has retreated from the beach of Sand-
wich, sunk the small estuary of Solinus
into an insignificant current, and
converted a fine harbour, called by the
Romans Rhutupe, where their fleets
were regularly laid up, into a valley
watered by a river. I suppose the
term Meols* to have been given by the
Britons to those sands which were
once covered by the ocean, but from a
recession of its waters in process of
ages no longer subject to its inunda-
tions. That there were other places
so called in this part of the coast, is
evident from the distinction given to
this parish of " North" Meols. There is
another place to the south of this parish
called " Raven Meols** in the town-
ship of Formby; and perhaps North
Meols may have been so called for the
sake of distinction. It is probable
that the whole of the country as far as
Church Town and down Marshside
at one period formed the beach of the
sea; after that, we find moss and
marsh. The present beach, which is
smooth and hard, covers an immense
area ; and, as it afi'orded facilities for
sea-bathing, was resorted to from the
neighbouring villages before any house
was built at Southport. Those who
* The term Meales, or Males, has been applied from time immemorial to the shehet
or bank* of iond on the sea coasts of Norfolk ; which some have fancifully derived
from two Greek words, fu, not, and oXr, sea ; i. e. Me-als, not sea, or no longer sea.
Spelman, however, speaking of these sand heaps, called Mealet in Norfolk, derives the
name from the Swedish and German ** Mul," signifying dust.
Gent. Mag. Vol. Xlll. G
42
Topographical Notices of Southpori, LancasMre.
[JaD.
resorted to this coast for the purpose
of bathing took up their abode at
Church Town, and were conveyed at
tide in such conveniences as could be
procured. As the influx of company
however became greater, it became de-
sirable to obviate this inconvenience ;
and the propriety of erecting a house
at South Hawes, for the accommoda-
tion of strangers, which was long re-
garded as a Quixotic undertaking, was
so manifestly connected with the future
interests of this place, as to call forth
individual enterprise to supply the want.
Since that time the demand for accom-
modation and the influx of strangers
have so rapidly increased, a9 to make
new erections necessary, and each
succeeding year has added to their
number ; and this place, which, within
the memory of many of the inhabitants,
was the mere abode of fishermen, is
now become a magnificent little sea-
bathing village. Sudden, however, as
has been its rise to reputation, yet, had
its pretensions to public notice been
based on any other foundation than
real merit, no effort could have ar-
rested its eventual return to its former
obscurity, especially as so many other
rival sea-bathing places have within
these few years sprung into notoriety.
To some the scenery of the surround-
ing district may have little attraction.
It is true the wide extent of sands,
stretching to the North and South,
and, at low water, seaward also, may
convey a dreary impression of bound-
less solitude : but it is this peculiarity
of the parish of North Meols that has
stamped upon it the character of sa-
lubrity, for the air is both mild and
clear, and a reference to the instances
of longevity recorded in this parish
affords convincing proof how favor-
able it is to the prolongation of human
life.
The experience of the numerous
invalids who have resided at South-
port in the winter, as well as the sum-
mer months, have in my opinion put
this question beyond a duubt. But
the peculiar* class of cases most likely
to be benefited by a residence here, is
a subject too much of a professional
nature, and would require too lengthy
a discussion, for your publication ; and
therefore I shall defer all further al-
lusion to that particular to a more
convenient season. The draining of
Martin Meer, which was formerly a
large pool or lake of fresh water, sur-
rounded chiefly by mosses or boggy
land, has had a beneficial effect on the
salubrity of the surrounding district,
comprising not only North Meols, but
Scaiisbrick, Burscough, Tarleton, and
Ruffbrd. But without detaining your
readers with any further remarks on
this part of the subject, 1 will proceed
to the more immediate object of my
paper, the early history of the parish
of North Meols, so far at least as the
scanty materials I have been enabled
to glean permit me to do. We have
no record of any Roman remains in
this parish, though, if such ever existed,
they may have long since been buried
under those immense sand hills, the
accumulation of ages. That the river
Ribble was the Belisama of the
Romans, is allowed by all antiquaries,
with the exception of Mr. Whitaker,
whose arguments to the contrary
have met with a triumphant refuta-
tion from the pen of Dr. Whitaker, in
bis History of Whalley. It is not a
little singular that in Gascony a
Roman inscription was noticed so far
back a§ the time of Selden, with this
dedication,
" MINERVE BELISAME,"
and Selden regards it as probable that
the Ribble may have been so called by
the Romans, from the adoration paid
to this goddess by the inhabitants of
the adjacent district. He supposes
with Camden that the Saxons pre-
fixed the word Rhe (signifying a river)
to the Roman Belisama, gradually
changing it to " Rebel" or Ribble, its
present name. In this opinion I agree
with Selden, as well as his etymology
of the word Belisama, which he con-
siders of Syrian origin, q*dQ^ rhp^ id
est, "Domina cceli," a title sometimes
applied to Minerva. However this
may be, there is reason to believe that
the banks of this noble river were
carefully explored by the Imperial
* There are no instances, in wHich the benefit of a residence at Southport has been
more marked than in infants and children, in whom there is not unfrequently an im-
provement in a few weeks.
\
1840. ] Topographical Notices of Southport, Lancashire,
43
conqaerors, and probably many miDor
military stations established, of which
no vestige can now be traced, and to
which, from their inferior importance,
no allusion is made in the published
Itinera.
We know at any rate that the Saxons
were familiar with this coast, for
▼arious Saxon coins have been dug up.
I am informed there are valuable
collections found in other parts of this
handred, in the cabinets of the re-
sident gentry. The word Meols is a
Saxon word undoubtedly, and may
very well be applied to designate the
sand hills on this coast ; at any rate it
was the name which the Saxons gave
to this part of the coast ; and the
following extracts from Domesday
will shew the state of this part of the
Handred at the era of the conquest.
'* Domesday Book for Lancashire, Sooth
of the Ribble. Inter Ripam et Mer-
sham. Terram infra scriptam tenuit
Rogerios Pictaviensis inter Ripam et
Mersham. In Derbei Hundret.
" Three Thanes held Mele for three
manors. There is half a hide ; it was
worth eight shillings.*'
A hide (according to Kelham) is
equal to six carucates in that part of
Lancashire between the Ribble and
the Mersey, and if we reckon a caru-
cate (as is generally done) as equal to
one hundred acres, we have an account
of three hundred acres in Mele in the
possession of three Thanes, and valued
at eight shillings. Now at the period
of the Conquest it is calculated, that
£\, was of the worth of about j^llO.
of our present money. The annual
revenue of Mele, therefore, according
to this calculation, was not worth at
the Conquest more than i:'44.* of our
present money.
But in order to enable us to form a
more correct appreciation of the then
value of Mele, 1 will add some further
extracts from Domesday, in which
some of the neighbouring townships
are valued :
'' Chetel held Heleshale (Halsall). There
are two caracates of land : it was worth
eight shillings.
" Uctred held Hirletun (Tarleton) and
half of Merretun (Martin). There is half
a hide : it was worth ten shillings and
eight pence.
** Uctred heldLeiate (Lidiate). There are
six bovates of land ; wood one mile long ;
and two furlongs broad: it was worth
sixty-four pence.
** Three Thanes held Fornebei (Formby)
as three manors. There are four caru-'
cates of land : it was worth ten shillings.
" EdelmundusheldEsmedune (Smedone,
now Liverpool t or Litherpole). There is
one carucate of land : it was worth thirty
two pence r*
It is not in my power to state at what
period the parish church of North
Meols was first erected (which has
since given the name of Church Town
to a village near Southport), but it is
known to have been subject to the
neighbouring Priory of ^Penwortham ;
and at the dissolution, like Penwor-
tham, it was conveyed to the Fleet-
woods, in whose family the patronage
continued until 1 748. But this church
certainly existed in Edward the Third's
m
time, for it is expressly mentioned in
the " Nonarum Inquisitiones," made in
that reign, in the following words: —
" Unde ecclesia non taxatur, propter
ejus exilitatem; verus valor nonarum,
garbarum, vellerum et agnorum pa-
rochio! ejusdem xl«. dc quibus Mela
cum Crosnes,** &c.
It would appear from this record
that the Church of North Meols had
not been valued, as was done at HaU
sail, Ormeskirk, and other towns of
the district, simply because it was so
small ; but 40 shillings was the value
of the ninth part of the corn, wool,
and lambs of the parish, t The Church
* The present annual rental of the parish, according to the estimate of the county.
rate, is, 1 believe, about £8000.
In the Valor Beneficiorum of Pope Nicholas, A. D. 1291, I find no mention of any
church at North Meols, but there was one at Halsall, and another at Ormskirk.
t In these records it appears that the parishioners of every parish found upon their
oath the true value (sometimes separately) of the ninth of corn, wool, and lambs ; then
the amount of the antient tax of the church was stated ; and afterwards the cause of the
ninth not amounting to the tax or value of the church were assigned ; and when the
niath did not exceed the tax, it was assignei for cause thereof that within tho. valu-
ation or tax of the church there were other articles included besides com, wool, and
44
Topographical Notices qfSouthport, Lancashire.
[Jan.
at Halaall was valued at 15 marcs,
and the Church at Ormeskirk was
valued at 20 marcs. In this same re-
cord it is stated that the ninth part of
all the " mobilium bonorum " of the
residents in burgo de Liverpool was
only 6L l6s. 7d.
The next antient record to which I
shall refer is the Valor Ecclesiasticus
of Hen. VIII. where the Rectory of
this parish is called " Northmelis
Rectoria," and Robert Faryngton was
Rector at the date of the Reformation.
The value of the living is here stated
at 8^. 1 98. ; but from this amount 68.8d.
was annually paid to the Prior of Pen-
wortham,and8«. Sd. was annually paid
to the Archdeacon of Chester, " pro si-
nodal' et procuracionibu8;"so that,after
these deductions, the net amount of the
revenue of the Church at that time did
not exceed 8/. 3s. 6d., while the value
of the Rectory of Ormeskirk at the
time of the Reformation is estimated
at 31/. 139. 4d., and that of Halsall
Rectory at 24/. 1 1*. 4d. There were
also two Chantry Chapels at Halsall,
one of which paid to the Earl of Derby
ISd, annually, and 28. a year to the
Abbey of Cockersand ; but neither of
them paid any acknowledgment to
Burscough Priory. Under the head of
payments to the Rectory of Penwor-
tham, there is " Northemel " 6«. 8d.
It appears that Northmels^or North-
moles, was the name given to this dis-
trict in Edward the First's time, and,
I believe, earlier. In the " Placita de
quo warranto (Com. Lane.)" Henry de
Lacy was summoned to shew, "quo
warranto " he claimed a right to all
wrecks on the sea line of his manor of
Penwortham, and in " Northmoles."
In a list of the nobility and gentry
in the county palatine of Lancaster,
from the time of Henry Vllth to the
accession of William III. from original
records, and the MSS. of Sir John
Byrom, Sir George Booth, Mr. John
Hopkinson, and others, with the or-
thography preserved both of persons
and places, I find, inter alios, the fol-
lowing connected with this part of the
county :
Hesketh of Hesketh
of Aughton
ofWhyeHUl
of Poolton and Maynes
of M eales
of Rufford Hall
Kitchen of North Meales
M eales of Meales
Morecroft of Ormskirk
Scaresbreck of Scaresbreck
In the " Calendarium Inquis. post
mortem " of the Duchy of Lancaster, I
find that, in Henry Vlllth's time,
Hugh Aghton held messuages and
land in Northmeles, and at Barton
juxta Halsall. In the 4th of Edward
VI. John Aghton held North Melleye
maner', and Northmeles and Barton
juxta Halsall. Inthe32d of Elizabeth,
Elizabeth, the wife of John Bold, held
the maner' of North Meales. In the
43rd of Elizabeth, John Bold theld
North Meales maner'. In the 2nd of
James I. Barnabas Kytichine held
North Meales maner', cumaliis. In
the lUh of James I. Thomas Boald
held (inter alia) North Meales maner'.
In the 12th of Charles I. Richard Bold
held North Meales maner'. In the
17th of Charles I. Edward Gorsuch
held lands in the following places : —
Scaresbrecke, Ormeskirke, Burscough,
Penwortham, and North Meales. I
find also in another place, in the 10th
of Hcnrv Vlll. Gilbert Sutton held
m
Scaresbreck maner\ Ormsky rke, Bores-
cough, Penwortham, Northmeles and
others. In the 2nd and 3rd Phil, and
Mar. William Bannister held lands in
Northmelles. In the 2nd Charles I.
Hugo Hesketh held Northmelles
maner'; and with respect to the ad-
vowson of the parish church of North
Meales, 1 find it stated that in 33rd
Eliz. John Fleetwood held Penwor-
tham maner', grangia et piscaria, and
among others the advowson of the
church of Northmeils; and in another
part, in the 2nd Charles I. Richard
Fleetwood is said to hold the advowson
of Northmeils. In the 17th Edw. I.
I find in another document that Henr'
de Lee held the manor of Meles.
One of the oldest families in this
lambs, such as the dos, or glebe of the church, tithe of hay, and other tithes ; and if
any Abbey, Priory, or other religious corporation had property within any parish, the
ninth arising from such property was found and returned.
>M
1840.] Topographical Notice* of Southport^ Lancashire.
part of the county of LaDcaster is that
of Scaresbrek. They are recorded in
the Inqnisitiones post mortem, in 24th
Hen. VII. to have held the manor of
Scaresbreke, Barscogh, Ormskyrk, &c.
he.
In the Calendar to the Pleadings of
this Dochy I find that Richard Aghton
has a suit against Bartholomew Hes-
keth, teaching a disputed title of land.
and tenements in North Meyles manor.
In fklward VI. 1 find Lawrence Water-
ward, clerk. Parson of Norhmells
church, plaintiff, against John Bolde,
the matter in dispute being " inter-
ruption of way to lands and grounds
called Parson's meadows, at North-
mells." In 1 and 2 Phil, and Mar.
Peter Prescott, clerk. Parson of North
Meyles church, is plaintiff, and John
Fletewood and John Bolde and others
are defendants, and the matter in dis-
pute is a title to the mansion house,
glebe lands, and tithes of North Meyles
Parsonage. In 3 and 4 Phil, and Mary,
John Bolde and Elizabeth his wife are
the plaintiffs, and William Stopforthe
defendant, and the matter in dispute
was " disturbance of possession of
meadow lands at Northemels, in breach
of decree." In 2 Edward VI. William
Charnock is plaintiff, and John
Awghton and others defendants, the
matter in dispute, " trespass on the
court lect, and illegal levy of amer-
ciaments in Penwortham manor and
Nortkmyles," There is also a suit in the
2d and 3d Phil, and Mary, in which the
matter in dispute is title to twelve
acres of meadow, with the appurte-
nances, called Baldemanyoks, other-
wise Baldyroaryehokes, and otherwise
called the Wykes, in Northmeales
parish. In this cause William Stop-
peforth claims, by purchase of Thomas
Gorsuche and Margaret his wife, as
seised in fee in right of the said Mar-
garet Gorsuche. The defendants were
John Bolde and Elizabeth his wife,
Robert Wright, Percirall Brekill,
Thomas Ball, and others, the said
Elizabeth claiming, with her sister
Anne, wife of Barnaby Kecheyn, as co-
heir of John Agheton, deceased. In
the 19th Hen. Vll. the King's Esche-
ator of the county is plaintiff, and
Sir Henry Halsall, Knt. defendant,
and the matter in dispute was title
to lands in Northmelys and other
places.
45
There are few of your readers in
this part of the kindgdom who do not
feel a lively interest in the rising im-
portance of Southport; and since no
attempt has yet been made to elicit
materials relating to the early history of
the district in which it is situate, it will
not be unacceptable or incompatible
with the object of your Magazine to
have made a beginning in this respect,
especially as it may be the means of
drawing other labourers into the field,
and induce some competent person
who, with the talent, has also the time
necessary to accomplish the more im-
portant object 1 have above alluded
to, viz. a comprehensive History of
the Hundred of West Derby.
The West Derby Hundred is the
largest and most valuable of the county,
though other divisions may boast a
larger population. The number of pa-
rishes in this hundred amount to fifteen,
and there are ninety-six townships. Of
this vast tract of country, which has
been the scene of so many interesting
events, we have to lament the want of
any history at all worthy of the im-
portance of the subject ; and yet I feel
satisfied, from my knowledge of the
usual sources of information, that
ample gleanings could be collected
from public and private documents
and records to form the materials for
such a history. But unless persons
of local influence in each township
would interest themselves in the work,
and freely lend their aid, and open
their treasures to the inspection of
the topographer, and endeavour to
induce others to do the same, all
attempt to do justice to such a work
were hopeless. But the truth is, there
is no want of enlightened country
gentlemen in every part of the hundred
who would readily communicate their
stores of intelligence to a properly qua-
litied person, and no other ought to
attempt so arduous a task.
1 have already observed that the merits
of Southport as a resort for invalids
have necessarily been brought before
me, more prominently, perhaps, than
to some other professional men, from
the frequent practice of recommending
patients there, and the subject is
one which I hope to have a future
opportunity of explaining more fully,
through some other appropriate
medium, as soon as my inquiries
46
Southport, CO. Lanc.'^Moulded Bricks.
[Jan.
are more complete. The recent pro-
vision of warm and cold baths at
Southport, which supply the invalid
or the timid with the advantage of
sea-bathing without the necessity of
plunging into the open sea, forms an
important sera in the medical history
of this place, and will add materially
to its reputation.
At present I have not had access to
any meteorological record kept by any
competent person residing at South-
port, without which any attempt to
make a comparison between its tem-
perature and that of other localities
would be imperfect ; though I have
reason to know that, as observations
have already been made, no doubt
can be entertained that, in point
of mildness in the winter months,
Southport will be found superior to
most other towns on the coast. The
clearness and dryness of the air have
been generally acknowledged. The
snow seldom lies twenty- four hours;
though near Ormskirk — which is but a
shortstage from Southport — it has been
several feet deep.
It should be mentioned, to the honour
of the spirited and benevolent popula-
tion of this district, that it supports se-
veral useful charitable institutions. The
Strangers' Charity, for the relief of poor
sick persons to whose recovery sea air
or bathing may be conducive ; the
Marine Fund ; the North Meols Local
Dispensary ; and the Southport Na-
tional School, arc most useful to the
neighbourhood, and on the whole
conducted with great ability and suc-
cess.
There are many other subjects
connected with the future welfare of
this place that deserve a more weighty
consideration than the limits of a paper
like the present can give them ; but,
as my object on the present occasion
was more of a retrospective character,
and 1 have already trespassed too
much on your pages, your readers, I
am sure, will excuse me if I postpone
all further remarks to a more conve-
nient season.
J. K. Walker, M.D.
Huddernfield, Nov, 28, 1839.
MOULDED BRICKS.
WE find in the eighth number of the
Cambridge Portfolio, a description of
the Ancient Brick of which an engra-
ving was given in the previous num-
ber, and there called Roman : and
now we again find it stated that " the
material and style of execution seems
undoubtedly Roman," and that " if
the antiquity of the bricks were quite
certain, we might view in them an il-
lustration of the very early existence
of Christians in Britain ; " the subject
being one of a series of six representing
scenes in the story of Susannah and
the Elders (though in the Antiquarian
Itinerary the figures have been con-
verted into Roman soldiers and British
captives). The writer is evidently not
aware that other bricks of this kind
have led to similar errors ; and that
they have been decided by competent
judges to be of about the reign of
Henry VIII. See a memoir by A. J.
Kempe, esq. F.S.A. on six found in
forming the St. Katharine's Docks, in
the Archseologia, vol. XXIV. and Gent.
Mag. cii. i. 255. ii. 142.
POETRY.
1. Salix Babylonica; by the Marquess Wellesley. 2. Translation from
Golditnith; by Sia Henry Halford, Bart.
These elegant specimens of Latin verse having come into our possession,
we trust that, in gratifying the taste of our readers, by making them public,
we do not oppose the wishes of the very eminent and accomplished persons,
who are the authors of them. Edit.
SALIX BABYLONICA.
THE WEEPING WILLOW.
The first of this race of WlUow was introduced into England in the last century ; it
was brought from the Banks of the Euphrates, near the ruins of Babylon ; where
J840.] Poetry.— <Sa/t47 Bahylonica. A7
this willow aboundg. This is the willow on which the Israelites '' hanged their
haqps," according to the Psalm cxxxvii. — " super flumina Babylonia.'* — '* How shall
I sing the Lord's song in the land of a stranger ?" (See Loudon's Arboretum
Britann. toI. It. 1507.)
Passis msesta comis, formosa doloris imago.
Quae, flenti similis, pendet iu amne Salix,
Euphratis nata in rip& Babylone sub alt&
Dicitur Hebrseas sustinuisse lyras ;
Cdm, terrH ignot4. Proles Solymaea refugit
Divinum Patriae, jussa, movere melos ;
Suspensisqae lyris, et luctu muta, sedebat.
In lacrymis memorans Te, veneranda Sioo !
Te, dilecta Sion ! frustr^ sacrata Jehovse,
Te, praesenti ^des irradiata Deo !
Nunc pede barbarico, et manibus temerata profanis.
Nunc orbata Tuis, et taciturna Domus !
At Tu, pulchra Salix, Thamesini littoris hospes.
Sis sacra, et nobis pignora sacra ferae ;
Qu& cecidit Judasa (mones) captiva sub ir&,
Victricem stravit Quae Babylona manus ;
Inde (doces) sacra et ritus servare Parentum,
Juraque, et antiqu& vi stabilire Fidem.
Me quoties curas suadent lenire seniles
Umbra Tua, et viridi ripa beata toro.
Sit mihi, primitiasque meas, tenuesque triumphos.
Sit revocare tuos, dulcis Etona ! dies.
Auspice Te, summae mirari culmina famae,
Et purum antiquae lucis adire jubar
Edidici Puer, et, jam prime in limine vitae,
Ingenuas verae laudis amare vias :
O juncta Aonidum lauro praecepta Salutis
iEternae ! et Musis consociata Fides 1
O felix Doctrina ! et divin& insita luce !
Quae tuleras animo iumina fausta meo ;
Incorrupta, precor, maneas, atque integra, neu te
Aura regat populi, neu novitatis amor ;
Stet quoque prisca Domus ; (neque enim manus impia tangat !)
Floreat in mediis intemerata minis ;*
Det Patribus Patres, Populoque dot inclyta Gives,
Eloquiumque Foro, Judiciisque decus,
Conciliisque animos, magnaeque det ordine Genti
Immortalem alt& cum pietate Fidem ;
Floreat, intacti per postera secula famft,
Cura did Patriae, Cura paterna Dei.
Ffm Hill, Windaor, August 22, 1839.
* A Reform of Eton College, on the principles of the New System of Education ,
has been menaced by high authority.
48 Poetry. — Translation from Goldsmiih's Deserted Village. [Jan.
FROM THE DESERTED VILLAGE.
In all my wandering^ round this world of care.
In all my crriefs, and God has g^iven my share,
I still had hopes, my latest hours to crown.
Amidst these humble bowers to lay me down ;
To husband out life's taper at its close,
And save the flame from wasting^ my repose.
I still had hopes, for Pride attends us still,
Amidst the swains to shew my book-learn'd
skUl,
Around my fire an evening g^roup to draw.
And tell of all I felt, and all I saw—
And as a hare, whom hounds and horns pursue,
Pants to the place from whence at first she flew,
I still had hopes, my long vexations past,
Here to return, and die at home at last.
O, blest retirement ! friend to life's decline,
Retreat from care, which never can be mine.
How blest is he who crowns in shades like these
A youth of labour, with an ag^e of ease ; [try.
Who quits the world where strong: temptations
And, since his hard to combat, learns to fly.
For him no wretches bom to work and weep
Explore the mine, or tempt the dang'rous deep;
No surly porter, clad in ^ilty state.
Expels expiring Famine from the gate ;
But on he goes to meet his latter end.
Angels around befHending Virtue's friend,
Sinks to the grave by unperceiv'd decay.
While Resignation gently slopes the way.
And, all his prospects brightening to the last.
His Heav'n commences ere the world be past.
Goldsmith*
TRANSLATION.
Inter tot euros, luctusque ubicunque ferendos.
Tot mala missa homini, pauca nee ista mihi,
Sperabam hie tandem metam reperire labonim,
Meque meis ser6 posse redire focis ;
Lentus ubi, et tutus, tererem moderatids boras,
£t facerem placidos tardiils ire dies.
Cumque aliis prsestare plaeet juvenique senique,
Sperabam agricolis grand ia, doeta loqui ;
Quod fando audSssem aut vidissem, stante eorond.
Omnia magniloquis enumerare modis.
Utque lepus, canibus pressus, vestigia fleetit,
Mgrh loeum repetens eaeperat unde fugam ;
Sie ego, tot passus peregrino in littore easus,
Nota peto moriens teeta, meosque Lares.
O tranquilla quies ! languenti grata seneetae
(Quam tamen Omnipotens noluit esse meamj
Felix ! eui licuit juveni exereere labores
Vallibus his tutos, otia longa seni ;
Cui vitse illeeebrsis nulla virtute domandas,
Fallere in his umbris rit^ triumphus erat.
Non jubet ille inopem penetrare in viseera terrae.
Nee ponti, pro re, dira periela pati.
Illius oeelusas fraetis morboque fameque,
Non sedet auratus janitor ante fores ;
Saera plaeent sibi sola, Deus virtutis amieo
Annuit, ad finem prospieit ilie suum ;
Tandem ade6 faeili lapsu deseendit avitum
In tumulum, gressus sustinet alta fides ;
Cuneta seoescenti rident, optataque eoeli
Gaudia supremam pereipit ante diem.
49
REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
A DisquMion on the Scene, Origin,
DcLte, 8fv. of Shakespeare's Tempest,
By the Rev, Joseph Hunter, F.S.A.
Svo.
IT is oar intention to give a short
abstract of the principal matters dis-
cussed in this brief volume. The name
of Shakespeare is so justly and deeply
loved by Englishmen, that it only stops
on this side of idolatry ; and the mi-
nutest inquiries are not discouraged,
and mention of the most trifling cir-
cumstances is endured, which tend in
any way to cast the faintest glimmer
of light on the obscurity of his history,
or the interpretation of his thoughts.
Mr. Collier has been of much service,
and we trust will be of still more, by
his Tery curious researches into MS.
papers and records, which his exten-
sive knowledge of the drama and its
history enables him to use with ad-
vantage ; and it is said that Mr. Dycc
is the only person in England who
can rightly interpret the dialogue be-
tween the witch and the sailor's wife
in Macbeth, and who has the kev to
unlock the meaning of the *' rump-fed
ronion." Mr. Hunter appears lonijj
and diligently to have admired and
studied the works of " this darling of
Nature/' whom she nursed on the
banks of the Avon ; and he has given
U!* a foretaste or specimen of his dis-
coveries in the present book. No one
can be a successful punster, it is said,
who does not make innumerable bad
puns ; and no one has ever been a
great or successful critic who has not
also made very bad conjectures. The
knotty passages of authors are not to
be cut through by the swords of critics.
but diligently and carefully unravelled
by their fingers. The most learned are
not always the most successful : a
great critic should have the same eagle
eye, the same " terrible sagacity," as
is said to be necessary for a great
commander. Farther, a person suc-
•essful on one author may entirely fail
Gant. Maq. vou xni.
on another. How great was Bcntley
onMenander; — how trifling and absurd
on Milton ! It is therefore of great
importance to be familiarly acquainted
with the style, mode of thinking, and
the mctaphysicks of the mind of the
author one is attempting to emend.
Such are Mr. Hunter's claims to our
attention ; and if, after all his labour
of love, all his painful days and studious
nights, his unwearied researches and
his fortunate guesses, we cannot wil-
lingly receive the Wio/c of his suggested
improvements, he must consider that
he cannot be exempt from the general
lot, which prevents any man, in any
line whatever, arriving at an excellence
surpassing that of all others. If this
volume enables him to attain an ho-
nourable station among his brother
critics and commentators, no doubt his
ambition will be satisfied. His con-
jectures and supposes are his lite-
rary family, — his sons and daughters.
They will not all be handsome, or
perhaps virtuous, though they may
seem so to the fond parental eye ; but
taken together they may form a goodly
lieritage, doing honour to the stem
from which they sprung. We shall
now, lhou;;h we unfortunately are on
the spur of speed, introduce them to
the public notice.
It is generally supposed that when
Shakespeare wrote the play of the
'i'empest he had in view the tempest
in which Somers and Yates were
wrecked, on the Ucrmudas. That
tempest occurred in 1(309, therefore
it has been settled that the play must
have been written in or after that year.*
As Mr. Hunter considers the Tempest
to be one of the earliest productions of
Shakespeare's genius, he must, of
course, prove that it was not necessary
forthepoet to take thedescription of the
tempest from that one event. He
♦ Mr. Malone assigns it to 1 Gil ; Chal-
mers to 1(>13.
H
50 Rbview.— Hanter's Disquisition on Shakespeare's Tempesu [Jan.
finds therefore, in an earlier book, an
account of a shipwreck suffered by one
Henry May, in 1594, and of a storm
in those seas experienced by Sir R.
Dudley, in 1595, and also in Sir Walter
Raleigh's Discovery of Guiana, printed
in 1596. He proves also from other
poets that the topic of the "still vexed
Bermoothes " was a familiar one with
the poets of the time, — in fact, a com-
mon-place. The strongest passage in
favour of the Bermudas is the following
from the " Silver Watch-bell " of Sir
Thomas Tymme :
'' Navigators report that there is a sea
in the voyage to the W. Indies (called the
Bermudas) which is a most hellish sea for
lightning, thmider and storms. Also they
assure us of one island they call the island
of devils : for to such as approach near the
same there do not only appear fearful
sights of devils and evil spirits, but also
mighty tempests, with most terrible and
continual thunder and lightning ; and
the noise of horrible cries, with screeching,
doth so affright and amaze those that come
near the place, that they are glad with all
might and main to fly and speed them
with all possible haste they can."
Now Mr. Hunter asks (p. 13) — "Is
there a single point in which we can
trace resemblance between the island
of Prospero and Bermuda which can
be regarded as peculiar and critical ?"
Perhaps we should answer, " sufficient
for poetical use — for a hint — a sug-
gestion— for all that a poet wants ;"
but this is not to the purpose : it ap-
pears that that very worthy and in-
genious person, Mr. Thomas Rodd,
whose knowledge in the most curious
and secret departments of English li-
terature is very extensive, suggested to
Mr. Hunter that Shakespeare intended
to place the scene of the Tempest on the
island of Lampedusa, or Lipadusa, or
Lopcdusa, in the Mediterranean. Mr.
Hunterfollowedup the suggestion— ex-
amined it — approved it — confirmed it —
andhas written a very ingenious, clever,
and satisfactory dissertation upon it.
This island, in the time of Shakespeare,
was not only deserted, but lay under the
imputation of being haunted. The
voyager inCrusius says "the nights are
disturbed by spectres ;" and Coronelli
adds, " even writers worthy of confi-
dence assert that no one can remain on
the island, on account of phantasms,
spectres, and horrible visions that
appear in the night ; repose and quiet
being banished by the formidable ap-
paritions and frightful dreams that
fatally affiict with death-like terrors
whosoever does remain there as much
as one night."
Mr. Hunter thus confirms this claim
advanced for Lampedusa, by an enu-
meration of certain circumstances re-
lating to the island corresponding to
the description of the island in the
Tempest. But (though we speak it
doubtfully, not having our worthy
friend Mr. Loudon near us at present)
we consider Mr. Hunter's remarks
on the line or lime tree to be of no
force ; for we doubt whether this tree
is found at all in Sicily and the Me-
diterranean Isles ; we are certain it can
be seen but rarely, and as a stranger,
if at all. It is a piece of English sce-
nery introduced mto a foreign land-
scape.* However it may be on Ham-
Common, assuredly there are no lime-
tree avenues or ' groves in the vale of
Enna.' One of the most convincing
chapters, to our mind, is the third ; in
which Shakespeare's description of the
storm is shown, by several striking re-
semblances, such as Hurd himself
would admit, to be taken from a si-
milar description in Harrington's
Ariosto, published in 1591, in the
forty-first Canto of the Orlando ; in
some passages the thoughts and words
come very close, as ex. gr.
Skakspeare.— Hence ! What care these roar-
ers for tne name of King ? To cabin ! silence !
trouble us not.
Ariotto.—** Of Kiny nor Prince no man
takes heed, nor note."
Shalupeare. his bold head
'Bove the contentious waves he kept, &c.
-^riwr/o.— Rogero for the matter never
shrunk,
But ttm above the water kepi hie head.
Further, Ariosto's storm is laid in
* This tree,' the linden, line, or lime-tree, was also called the tile-tree (tilia), see
Hora Vacivse, by John Hall, 12mo. 1646, p. 87 : " Like the shade of a tiU-tree,
very pleasant, though the tree be unfruitful.^* Mr. Hunter has shown the error in-
duced by the thoughtless alteration of /tne for lim€ tree, very forcibly.
1840. J Hbyiew. — Hunter's Disquisition on Shakespeare's Tempest. 51
" The Tempest, or Love's Labour
Won," we (^annot go so far as to
jump at once to his conclusion,
" that we have Meres's testimony to
the existence of the Tempest as a play
of Shakespeare in 1598." How far
Jonson's Prologue to every Man in
his Humour, being written in 1596^
is a proof of the existence of the Tem-
pest in that year, is, we also think, liable
to some doubt. To this early date,
Mr. Hunter is not unaware that a for-
midable difficulty seems to present
itself in a palpable reference to a
passage in Florio's translation of Mon-
taigne, and which was not published,
so far as we know, till 1603, This
he suggests may be removed in two-
ways; first, by supposing that por-
tions of the translation may have ap-
peared in different times, previous to
the whole being printed in a complete
form ; as some of the smaller tracts of
Florio are known to exist. Secondly,
the speech of Gonzales may have been
added after the original appearance of
the play, as there is reason to think
was the practice of Shakespeare. Mr.
Hunter, however, relies chiefly on a
third supposition, that Florio's trans-
lation may have been seen by
Shakespeare in manuscript. He lastly
despatches in a summary way Mr. G.
Chalmers and his dead Indian of 1611,
by showing that another Indian was
brought to England in 1577, who was
the one to whom Trinculo alludes.
In the commencement of the sixth
chapter, Mr. Hunter recapitulates the
points which he trusts he has esta-
blished. 1. That the Tempest is one of
the earliest woiksof Shakespeare, written
in 1 59(3, when he was thirty-two years
old. 2. That in the composition of it
he had in view the ridiculous stories
of Sir Walter Rawleigh, published in
that year. 3. That the island of Ber-
muda had nothing to do with the idea
in his mind of an enchanted island. 4.
that the archetype from which he
wrought was the island of Lampedusa,
which island was, in fact, the scene
of his play. 5. That he owed nothing
to the pamphlet of Sil. Jourdan, or
the work of Sir G. Somers. 6. That
when he delineated the storm, in the
first and second scenes, he had in his
tlie same seas: he also mentions Lam-
pedasa, or Lipedusa,
lipednsa u a little isle,
from Afiic' shore some twenty mile.
Moreover, when Rogero reached the
iftlaDd,
Upon the rock with much ado he crawl'd,
And sate upon the best groand in th' end ;
When, lo ! an tfed man, whose head was bald
And beard below his girdle did descend,
Tittt was an hermit, that did there inhabit,
Came forth to him in godly reverend habit.
Tliis is the hermit of Lampedusa, a
kind of prototype of Prospero ; and as
we proceed, we are conducted to the
hermit's cell, which we find, like the
cell of Prospero, sheltered by a grove
of trees:
The ceQ a chapel had on th* eastern side.
Upon the western side, a grove or beriel*
Forth of the which he did his food provide ;
SmaU cheer, God wot ! wherewith to make
folks merry.
If this part of the volume does not
come with effective force against the
stony walls of ^the hearts of the
Shakespearian commentators ; if Mr.
Collier shakes his head, and Mr. Dyce
drops his chin ; it still must be consi-
dered as a very ingenious, and very
pleasing piece of critical research.
Mr. Hunter then passes on to give
his reasons for believing that the Tem-
pest was an early work of Shakespeare ;
being at total variance with the critics
who have placed is as the last. There is
mach just and good criticism in this
part of the book, and his arguments
are deserving consideration, but are
not exactly adapted for abridgment
in our scanty space : they chiefly turn
oo this point, that the story, charac-
ters, scene, &c. of the Tempest assi-
milate closely to those of the other
early plays in their romantic cast ; and
not to the severer form of the latest
plays, as Macbeth, Lear, Coriolanus,
Timon, &c. This, as far as it goes,
and in the absence of positive facts,
is sound and legitimate reasoning ; but
in the next chapter, where he wishes
to identify the Tempest with a play in
'• Meres his list," called Love's Labour
Won t and when he suspects that the
play had originally a double title.
* Drydea was the latest writer whom we recollect to have used this word in this sense :
'* AAd theatres are btrria for the fair.'*
52 Review.— Hunter's Disquisition on Shakespeare's Tempest. [Jan.
by which the three Magi are known in
different countries of Europe ? '* Mr.
Hunter has seen the Magi named Mel-
chior, Caliban, Mamamouchi, but not
in a book of authority. Farmer
thought it was a metathesis of canni-
bal ; and Dr. Sherwin that it was com-
pounded of ban and beauty, — a vile
conjecture enough, proving that the
commentator did not partake of the
wisdom of his subject.
With regard to the philological re-
marks which close the volume, we do
not think Mr. Hunter so successful as
in some other of the branches of his
disquisition ; but, indeed, it is of all
the most diflScult, and requires the
rarest and iinest qualities in combina-
tion, of which the genius of criticism is
composed. If in some places he fails,
it is in a province where Pope and
Warburton, and even Johnson, failed
before him.
P. 129. His authority for " trash *'
is complete, but "samphire" for "sca-
mels, or seamels," will not do ; he^has
not salved the sore. The word must
remain at present unexplained, though
we think it is only a form of expres-
sion, perhaps provincial, for sea-gulls
or sea-mews ; in the east of England
they are always called sea-cobs.
P. 132. We see no reason at all why
the line
•* By inoonsliinc do the green sour ringlets
uiake,"
mind the storm in the forty-first canto
of Ariosto. These he considers nove/^tes
in Shakespeare criticism, which he
ventures to think will be of some im-
portance, and that they will work a
great revolution in the criticism on the
play. He then proceeds to inquire
concerning the origin of the plot, and of
the three most remarkable characters in
it, viz. Prospero, Ariel, and Caliban ;
and first, he thinks "Love's Labour
Won," like " Love's Labour Lost," to
be a story probably of the Romance
writers in the sixteenth century of
France or Italy, Navarre or Spain.
He finds a real Alonzo king of Naples,
who had a son Ferdinand in 1495.
Turning to the History of Milan, we
have a banished Duke who was dispos-
sessed in 1514. We have also an
usurping Duke of Milan corresponding
to Anthonio : but we must refer to our
author for the remainder of this history,
for which we have not room. Mr.
Hunter then enters into the subject of
the prevalence of " Magic " during the
middle ages. Prospero is the imper-
sonation of these adepts in the white
magic, which is that of the Tempest.
Some of the feats of Ariel he thinks
may be suggested by what Shakespeare
read in Isaiah, the word Ariel being
used as a personation of Jerusalem.
Some of the passages of the Prophet
he applies to the description of the
poet, as, " And the multitude of the
nations that fight against Ariel, and
even all that fight against her, and her
munition, and that distresses her, shall
be as a dream of a night vision." In
this he thinks we may have the germ
of the celebrated passage,
" We are such stuff
As dreams are made of, and our little life
is rounded by a sleep."
Caliban, he considers, in his form,
to be of Hebraistic origin, and he
is compared to the fish-idol of Ash-
dad, the Dagon of the Philistines, " a
figure shaped like a fish, only with feet
and hands like a man." Caliban (he
says) is a kind of tortoise, the paddles
expanding in arms, hands, legs, and
feet ; how he became changed into a
monkey it is left to other commenta-
tors to explain. With regard to the
name Caliban, he says, " Would it not
be a circumstance worthy of being
taken notice of, if it should turn out
tbat Caliban it ont amony the many namei
should be altered ; it is good sense,
according to the fabulous tradition, and
good poetry, and has an emphasis and
propriety which Mr. Hunter's emen-
dation wants ; for he alters "green"
from an epithet to a substantive, mar-
ring the beauty of the passage,
liy moonshine on the green, sour rinj^lcts
make,
or,
Uy moonsliinc d*on the greetk sour ringlets
make.
Now these fairy circles are all dis-
tinguished from the colour of the
neighbouring grass by a line of deeper
grcni, which arises from the earth
being stirred, and perhaps enriched, by
the fibres of the " fungi ;" this is
the true cause of this appearance on
the green sward of light soils, that so
long puzzled the philosophers, and
even now affords images to the poets.
We have no hesitation therefore in in-
sisting on the necessity of preserving
the original reading.
1840.] RfiviBw. — Hunter's Disquisition on Shakespeare s Tempest. 53
P. 137. Mr. Hunter says the linc«
"Twelve year since, Miranda, twelve year
since,"
" is a line which satisfies the ear, and
is, without doubt, what Shakespeare
intended." To our ear it wants a syl-
lable, as it wanted to the ear of G.
Steevens, who proposed to read the
first *• years '* as a dissyllable ye-ars,
on that account ; but we thinks
" Some twelve year since, Miranda, twelve year
since,"
would be more satisfactory, if any
alteration be necessary. — At p. 142.
*Mn few, tbey hurried us aboard a bark.
Bore us some leagues to sea ; when they pre-
pared
A rotten carcase of a boatf not rigg'd,
Nor tackle, sail, nor mast,— the very rats
Instinctively had quit it."
The second folio reads, " a rotten
carcase of a butt/' This reading Mr.
Hunter would prefer, and says, " a large
wine butt cut transversely might make
a kind of boat, carrying a little food,
robes, and books, and one person with
a young child." We should not like
to see our reverend friend Mr. Hunter
trusting himself and his Shakespeare
books to such a " perfidious ^bark. "
But how could such a butt, be rigyed,
and have tackle, sails, and mast, which
it is presumed to be able to carry,
from the wonder expressed that it
wanted what was necessary and usual ;
and though rats, '* and such small
deer," being reckoned prophetical aiiJ
sagacious animals, might quit a crazy
boat, knowing it not to be safe for
them to venture in — yet how could
they foresee that a sugar-butt was to
be applied to a purpose for which it
was never intended ? We propose,
therefore, placing Mr. Hunter's sugar-
butt with Mr. Wordsworth's washing-
tub, and dismissing them both to-
gether, to sink or swim ; ut qui in
eadem causu sint, in cikdcm item esscnt
fort u nil.
V, 145.
" Thou shalt be pinch'd
A** thirk .iH honfy-rombt^ each pinch more
Thnn bees that make tlicin ! '* [^stiu^in^
The original reading is " honey-
comb," wrongly altt'rctl,ajj Mr. Hunter
observes, by the commentators. We
would adhere to it, thus reading the
line,
** As thick as M' boncy-comb/' &c.
There are also some observations
which we think a little over refined ; at
least as we do not possess the qualities
of that gentleman in old story **Mister
Fine-ear," we are not sensible of their
truth; as when we read, (p. 134,) ** that
much is lost in melody is apparent to
every one, by the Editor's altering
wrack to wreck ;"
" Weeping again the king my father's
wreck " (wrack.)
" Supposing that he saw the king's ship
wrecked (wrack 'd)."
Mr. Hunter says, " the cause of the
difference is, that, by pronouncing the
preceding words, the organs of speech
are put into a more favourable position
for pronouncing ' wrack* than ' wreck,*
and the organs of hearing are put into
a more favourable condition for re-
ceiving with pleasure the fuller sound
of wrack,**
Again, p. 135,
— " I am arrived from faithful Lombardy."
^' So we must now read ; but Shakespeare
suggests another and a better sound:'*
" I am arrived from faithful LMmbardy."
We again plead our dulness of ear.
P. 138,
" My brother, and thy uncle, called Antonio,^*
" This is another instance of a slight
deterioration of Shakespeare's exquisite
melody by an useless alteration. A nice
ear will be sensible at once that something
is lost.''
"My brother, and thy uncle, caWed Anthonio,**
P. 146. Mr. Hunter has most cor-
rectly justified the old reading in the
following passage :
<(
my prime request,
Which I do last pronounce, is, O you wonder !
if you be maid or no."
So read the first, second, and third
folios. The later editors follow Rowe,
who has substituted " made," found
in the fourth edition, which is of no
authority.
In another passage, p. 118.
" She that is Queen of Tunis, she tlmt dwells
Ten leaguei beyond matCs life, she that from
Naples '
Can liavo no note, unless tho «un were post,
(The man i' tho moon's too slow,) till nuw-liorn
lie rough and raznrablc." [chius
Mr. Hunter has this advantage over
113 iu his proposed emendations, that
54 REViEw.-^Nolan's Evangelical Character of ChristianHy, [Jan.
they are the production of his deli-
berate thoughts and mature decisions,
whereas ours arise from our first and
hasty impressions. In this passage, the
difficulty is in the expression " beyond
man's life," which he thinks may be
the name of a city, like " Old Free
Town," in Romeo and Juliet. We,
however, interpret very differently.
We consider that it alludes to the
divisions of the globe, as seen in old
maps, separated and distinguished into
different zones, some of which were
denominated habitable, and others
considered as not fit for human life,
being arid,desert,and sun-burnt. "The
Queen of Tunis, she that dwells ten
leagues beyond the line of the habit-
able zone ; " ten leagues being an ex-
pression for such an immense distance,
that we, in fact, must grow up to man-
hood before the journey from her do-
minions to Naples could be per-
formed.*
We observe that no publisher's name
is affixed to this volume, but at the end
is a device of a large fish, — desinit in
piscem, — with a large open mouth full
of teeth, tied by a strap to an iron ring,
with the motto " Gulielmus," which
is the " vox piscis." Now, as sailors
call the shark by the familiar name of
Billy, can this be a cunning device
by which a publisher represents his
trade ? Or is it meant to figure a poor
author, like a fish out of water, gasp-
ing for breath, and strapped to the
iron collar of its Sisyphean labours ?
Eget interprete.f
T%e Evangelical Character of Chris-
tianity, according to the Doctrines
and Ordinances of the Established
Church, 8fc» By Fred. Nolan, LL-D.
1838. 12mo.
WE had occasion some little time
since to call the attention of our readers
to the doctrines which were openly
professed, and the views boldly main-
tained by the evangelical (puritanical)
party, as avowed in the " Essays on
Schism," on which the prize was
bestowed by Mr. Legh Richmond.
Among other statements the following
were made : 1. That the number of the
puritanical clergy belonging to the
EstablishedChurch amounts to upwards
of two thousand, and is increasing. 2.
That in due time, or as we may sup-
pose when these numbers are yet more
formidable, certain demands will be
made by them regarding the constitu-
tion of the Established Church, which,
if not conceded, they will make a
quasi-secession, and elect a Bishop
of their own. It is not necessary to
do more than to express such state-
ments as these in words, in order to
evince their dangerous tendency, whe-
ther the party can carry them into
effect or not. They assume the right
of a certain number in the Church,
(a minority,) to alter the form and
structure of the Church itself; or, fail-
ing in that, to break it up, as far as
in them lies, into divisions, which
might be subversive of the whole.
The spirit with which they would enter
on their work is also evinced, by their
avowed declaration in the same book,
that a clerg}'man belonging to the pu-
ritanical (self-called evangelical) party,
would rather hold acquaintance with
a dissenter, than with a clergyman of
principles different from his in his
* Mr. Hunter's coDJecture that ** Man's Life/' means a particular city, seems
(though we speak under correction) to us to be inconsisteDt with the sense of the pas-
sage ; for how could any particular city or place in any part of the globe be fifteen or
sixteen years' journey, at least, from Naples ? For so long would it take to make new-
born chms rough and razorable. Shakespeare meant to give a vagueness and indis-
tinctness to his image, which should represent to the mind an immeasurable distance,
far remote among the vast Ethiopian deserts, where foot of man never trod, nor could
the life of man exist. But ** if new-bom chins being rough and razorable/' is meant
only to signify the time necessary for the growth of die beard after it has been shaved,
or twelve hours, then the time is vastly too short for communication between Tunis and
Naples ; besides, though Queen of Timis, she is not said to live there.
t We hope Mr. Hunter will be induced soon to gratify the lovers of Shaksperian
literature with something more than this solitary specimen of his labours. Why are
the Sosii of the day not crowding his morning levees with solicitations, that he may
ihoot a second succeuM arrow after the first ?
^
1840.] RiyiBW.-^Thompflon^s Ufe of Hannah More.
55
own church. We must express some
astoniBhrnent that such principles,
coming as they do from out of the
bosom of the Church itself, have not
attracted the attention or called forth
a fitting rebuke from the episcopal
guardians of the Church ; and that
while the dangers which threaten our
establishment from the open attacks of
Dissenters or the wily policy of the
Papists, are pointed out in various
charges of the bishops to their clergy ;
as far as we know, no notice has been
taken, and no alarm sounded, on the
appearance of still more formidable
adversaries, even in our own ranks.
" Iliacos intra muros peccatur." Nor
can it be said that this confidence in
their present and growing strength
and numbers is rather a vain boast
than a bold declaration ; for we find
them every where in constant and de-
termined action, and especially aug-
menting their power by the purchase
of every small living that can be procured.
There can therefore be no doubt as to
the nature of their present principles
and future designs ; and it is on this
account that in the absence of all
mention of this important subject from
the quarter from which we looked to
receive it, i. e. as we have said, from
the Bishops of the Church, that we
earnestly and anxiously recommend
this little work of Mr. Nolan to the
notice of every one, whether of the
clergy or laity, who are anxious to
see the real doctrines of our Church
clearly stated, and fully vindicated
against the attacks of fanatical zeal.
It is written in a clear plain style ; and
the different topics are discussed with
temperance and a full knowledge of
" that empiricism which is spreading
corruption to the vitals of the Church.'*
A short but able preface makes the
reader acquainted with the motives
which led to the publication, and the
abuses which it designed to animad-
vert on and correct. The work itself
assumes the convenient form of epis-
tolary correspondence ; and in future
editions we could wish to see the main
heads of every letter stated at the com-
mencement ; and a short, but useful
index at the end of the volume. Pleased
should we have been, had it been in
our power to make copious selections
from this able work, for we consider
it of the highest importance that it
should be widely known and duly esti-
mated ; if to expose the errors and check
the progress of fanatical zeal and
bigotry, and restore to their rightful
place the truly scriptural doctrines of
our Church, be at all a work of im-
portance. To such writers as Mr.
Nolan and to our most learned, pious,
and estimable Oxford Divines, we look
with confidence and delight as the
best bulwarks against this furious in-
road of Calvinistic doctrines; we know
them to excel our adversaries as much
in depth of learning as in soundness of
opinion and temperance of judgment ;
but we repeat, that notwithstanding the
voluntary assistance of such able cham-
pions, we have a right to expect that
the pernicious influence of such an ac-
tive and hostile party in the Church,
should be exposed and condemned by
the high and influential authority of
the episcopal bench ; and we have no
doubt, but that before long, there will
be a call from the clergy to their su-
periors for the public expression of
their sentiments, if from no higher
motive, yet from this ; that the very
action of the Church may become im-
peded and embarrassed by the want of
unity in itself.
The Life of Hannah More, By N.
Thompson, Curate of Wrington,
THIS life we find is introductory to
a new edition of H. More's Works, to
which we presume that of Mr. Roberts
was unfit from its length, and, perhaps,
from other causes. We cannot say
that the present work has altogether
satisfied us ; for having few new facts
to advance, or opinions to discuss, and
as Mr. Roberts had possessed the richest
materials for the biography, perhaps
it would have been the better plan for
the present writer not to have trodden
the same ground " baud passibus se-
quis," but rather to have presented a
summary of the character of the very
estimable person whose life he traces ;
and to have entered more critically and
minutely into the nature of her writings
and her opinions ; and presented us a
well-drawn tablet of her mind, apart
from the events and circumstances of
of her life, which had been previously
given. We should also be inclined to
say that there is too much of the
author's reflections and observations
mixed up with the facts of the narra-
L.
56 "Reviiew •-^Selections fr(m Hooker's EeclesiasUcal Polity, [Jan.
tivc ; and that the general effect of the
volume is heavy. This is chiefly owing
to so much of the best materials having
been pre-engaged, and partly from the
endeavour of the biographer to repre-
sent some circumstances in a different
light from that in which they appeared
in Mr. Roberts's volumes, which at-
tempt necessarily begets explanation
and discussion. After all, the author
appears to have possessed a few new
materials; among the best of which
we reckon the letter to the Bishop of
Bath and Wells, as explanatory of H.
More's religious tenets, and we think
the biographer has successfully rescued
her from the charge of Calvinism which
had been brought against her. Indeed,
we highly approve of the spirit and
feeling in which the work is composed,
(though we have been obliged to say
that as a composition it has not
answered our expectations,) and we
believe that a more correct view is
given of H. More's religious opinions
than we had previously received. Her
poetry, we think, far too highly esti-
mated; but many of her works of
practical morality are written with ani-
mation and elegance, and though they
will be hardly revived in the present
day to any great popularity, (for deeper
views and subtler distinctions and wider
knowledge than hers are now de-
manded,) yet they were productive of
much benefit to the community in the
days they were published ; they were
read by those who never read sermons,
and they struck the spark of a religious
feeling in the drawing-room and study,
which, we trust, in many cases, rose
into a bright and holy flame afterwards
in the church. Her practical exertions
of charity, and her personal sacrifices
for the benefit of the lower classes, are
above all praise of " the tongues of
men," and her life, by whomsoever
written, must ever be a life of instruc-
tion and example.
Selections from tfie Fifth Book of
Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity. 12mo.
1839.
THIS elegant and admirable little
volume is selected and arranged by
Mr. Keble for the purpose of making
more generally known the high excel-
lence of Hooker's writings. Mr. Ke-
ble justly observes la his preface, that
f
ordinary readers, that is, unlearned
and uncontroversial, are repelled by
the controversial and occasional cast
of Hooker's great work, and the deep
learning and profound investigation
which he brought to bear on every
part of that large and often intricate
field of inquiry.
** Under these circumstances,'* Mr. K.
observes, ** it seemed notunadvisabletotry
whether such a selection could be made as
might exhibit, in a connected form, and
in the author*s own words, his view of the
Prayer Book, including the Ordination
Service, clear of the difficulties abovestated.
The selection has therefore been made
exclusively from the fifth book of the
Ecclesiastical Polity. Other passages, no
less beautiful, and perhaps as generally
interesting, might have been added from
other parts of his remains ; but the object
was not so much to set forth the beauties
of Hooker as to put devout and thoughtful
persons in possession of the principles
with a view to which the English Prayer
Book should be studied ; and the misgiv-
ings silenced which our busy fancies are
too ready to invent or adopt with regard
to certain of its details."
The author of this short, but valu-
able preface, further observes :
** Hooker's special purpose was to
answer the objections of the Puritan party
of his time to our laws and proceedings,
about the several public duties of Christian
religion. His defence of course ran paral-
lel to their attack, and comes nearer to a
companion to the Prayer Book than might
have been expected. ♦ • * Perhaps, on
considering all the circumstances of the
case, it will seem hardly less than provi-
dential that he was led to take so wide a
range. The English Church in his time
was still more or less unsettled; and
rocking, as it were, from the effects of the
Reformation, and the impulse of one
master mind might be all that was wanted
to make the difference between fixing and
overturning it. In what direction the
danger lay the next century clearly shewed ;
and had it not been for that turn in our
theology to which he was chiefly instru-
mental, it seems probable that the unsound
opinions which he contested, instead of
coming into violent colhsion with our
own Church, would have silently over-
spread it and eaten their way into its
vitals. The Prayer Book, instead of being
turned out of our Churches for a time,
would, in all likelihood, have been laid by
for ever by consent, and we might have
been where Geneva and Holland are now."
1840.]
REViEW.^Barbidge's Poems,
57
The Editor afterwards observes :
•* Why the notions of the foreign re-
formers were likely to prevail is not hard
to perceive, considering the violent measures
of the Coort of Rome, both for enforcing
her claims on England by the excommu-
nication of Queen Elizabeth, and for the
peremptory inculcation of doctrine by the
Councfl of Trent ; considering, also, the
sort of connection into which English
churchmen had been brought with Pro-
testants abroad, by negotiation in the reign
of Henry and Edward, and by exile under
Mary ; without blaminy the Reformat ion y
one may eanly understand fiow these events
might cause disparagement of the authority
of the Catholic Churchy confused^ as the
ideas of men were (and still ton often are)
between that and the Romish Church/^
Mr. Keble then mentions Hooicer's
acquaintance with Dr. Adrian Saravia,
Prebendary of Canterbury, and the
effect which intercourse with that
learned divine had on his mind —
** One may perceive throughout a grow-
ing tendency to judge of things by the
roles of the ancient Church, and to take
not a Romany nor a Protestant, but
always, if possible, a Catholic w>w."
Again it is observed :
**That there were not wanting corrc-
iipomling tokens of a Providence tending
to prepare men's minds for the reception
of his views in the course of public affairs
at the same time. The d<;ath of the
Queen of Scots, and the destruction of the
Spanish Armada, taking off men's imme-
diate dread of a violent introduction uf the
papal power, left them at leisure to under-
stand that there might be dangers in
another direction, and to admit and appre-
ciate these safeguards, which the Catholic
Churchy and that alone, provides against
both. The disorganising tendencies of
extreme Protestant principles had been
largely exhibited in some other countries,
and were apparent enough here in the
proceedings of the discontented Reformers
all through Elizabeth's reign. The Earl
of Leicester, who had favoured the Puri-
tans, was dead.'; the Court interfered less,
and the Church of England was left free
to right and settle herself on her own
fTOper middle ground. She did not, as
some years before she might have done,
resist the hand which was commissioned
to steady her.*'
Of the value of this selection no one
can doubt ; that weight the name of
Hooker carries with it ; but we may
also add that it is one of high interest,
and for ourselves, we can assert that
Gbnt. Mao. Vol. XIII.
we could not put it down till we had
read it through : in argument, learn-
ing, style, temper, it is throughout
masterly.
Poems, hy Thomas Burbidge.
THESE poems are to be commended
for much brightness of fancy, elegant
and ingenious allusion, pleasing ima-
gery, and, in some cases, harmonious
versification. They also partake of the
common fault of the age, much incor-
rectness in the cadences of the measure,
and in the rhymes. What would the
critics of Queen Anne's correct age say
to the rhyming of root, put, fruit i*
A pillar, twin'd like some old elm, whose
root
Is heap'd with leaves of many a century.
And Dante's forehead on its top was put.
Bound with the deathless plant which only
bears no fntit.
Again, p. 17 1.
Low and lower sang the cuckooy
Faint and fainter sang the echo.
Again, p. 170.
Darts of a sunny light shot in
Through shutter old, and green old glasSy
They cut the dark, they lit the skies,
With lustre outside warm — alas,
The bed itself was warm within,
As that sweet body was.
Again, p. 172.
A bird that dallies with its voice
Among the matted branches.
Or J)n the free blue air her note,
To pierce and fall, and rise and float.
With bolder utterance launches.
Such inaccuracies, if suffered to ex-
tend, would utterly mar the very beauty
and essence of versification ; nor can
they be compensated (as many modern
poets seem to think) by additional
freedom and power of expression.
However, we are certain that this
carelessness or contempt of poetic rules
and restrictions, which has existed and
spread amongst us since the days of
Byron and Scott, will produce reac-
tion ; and, before long, we hope to see
a better and purer system of versifica-
tion acknowledged as the vehicle of
poetical thought?. Our a.odern poets
appear to have altogether neglected the
study of the system upon which their
predecessors wrought, and by which
they produced such powerful and pleas-
ing effects. There is no want of genius
58
Revirw,— Kcightlcy*8 (hid's Fasti
fJan:
among them, many of their poems are
bold in conception and masterly in
many parts of the execution ; we will
even allow that some improvements in
versification have been introduced since
the days of Pope ; we only lament that
his fine critical taste and correctness
have not also been appreciated by us.
Yet these are faults of Mr. Burbidge's
age and times rather than of himself,
and with pleasure we repeat our esti-
mation of his poetical feeling and
power of execution. We give a speci-
men, (p. 296.)
You bid me sing — what shall I sing ?
Of Spring and Spring's young roses,
When Hope's sweet breeze is on the wing,
And Love's sweet hand uncloses ?.
Or sing of Autumn's sad decay,
Trees baring, blossoms blighting,
And sleepy clouds, before mid-day,
The golden sun benighting ?
Oh I be the song, you say, of Spring !
'Tis fittest so, my dearest !
When it is I that strike the string,
And thou, sweet love I that hearest.
'Tis fit, because, in youth and health,
We both sit here together,
Lapp'd soft and safe in spring-tide's wealth
Of flowers and fairest weather.
So be it — shall I tell thee how.
In all these pleasures round us.
Are mingled snares to overthrow,
And glories to confound us ?
How silently into the breast,
With these delicious breezes,
Are drawn deep heart-aches unconfest,
And treacherous iliseases ?
How many a parent's heart hath traced
To such an hour as this is.
The loss which still for him lays waste
Our yet unchallenged blisses !
A pause, to see the sunbeams pass,
The annual bowers renewing.
An eve spent thus upon the grass,
Such talk as ours pursuing.
Nay, nay, not so — with hope, not fear,
Be youth and health augmented.
Nor be the freshness of the year
* With such sere wisdom tainted.
If ev'ry tree along the ground
The autumn winds were scenting,
Where were the shady arbours found
The summer heat relenting ?
Wild works the heart in bondage here ;
And shall we then unchain it.
No watchful doubt, no prudent fear.
To warn it or restrain it ?
Through rugged roads its path must lie,
And places dark and lonely ;
And shall we teach th' untronbrd eye
To look for suDshine only ?
Nay, doubt not, friend, the genial mood,
A slavish fear preferring ;
It is not fear, but gratitude,
Keeps best the heart from erring.
With firmer care, she warns, made strong
By prescient recollections ;
With tenderer feet she treads among
The fanciful affections.
She never wounds with breath austere
The buds of kindly feeling ;
With love she works, from love down here
To upper love appealing.
By memory stretching to a past
Of favour felt already.
And Faith that holds the future fast,
She keeps the present steady.
A curious eye that asks in all
Whose grace and glory wears it,
A heart that listens for the call.
And answers when it hears it.
No more she needs to guide us by,
Through earth's most dangerous blisses,
Dear friend, have we that watchftd eye,
And such a heart as this is ?
Had we room, we could quote some
of the sonnets and descriptive poems
with pleasure.
Ovid's Fasti, with Notes and Introdue*
tion. By Thomas Keightley, 8fc,
Svo.
MR. KEIGHTLEY'S classical pub-
lications show snund and extensive
scholarship, accompanied with the
greatest diligence and care in the col-
lection and arrangement of his mate-
rials. In the present volume he has
evinced a critical taste and judgment
in the selection of his readings, and
his reasoning on disputed passages is
at once candid and correct. The poem
itself is among the most curious and
valuable relics of poetical antiquity ;
it embraces a vast store of learning, in
a most felicitous manner converted
into poetry, and it is interspersed with
some beautiful passages and some ele-
gant and expressive arrangements of
words. Mr. Keightley has given a
very useful, and, indeed, necessary In-
troduction, and accompanied the text
with a body of critical and illustrative
Notes. He has consulted the best
editions, and knows how to estimate
the relative importance of the commen-
tators. We have very little to observe
or add, but shall make a remark on
one or two passages.
Fast. Lib. ii. 109, p. 42.
Flebilibns velnti numeris canentia duri,
Tn^ectus peuii tempora canit olor.
X
\
1840. j RsTisw.— Sotheby on the HanO^mting of Melanchthan. 5d
huffah is a later importation into Italy.
The fine white and dun-coloured oxen
of the North of Italy, are, we believe,
originally from Hungary.
P. 212. Mr, Keightley conjectures
that Gray might recollect the passage
in Ovid, "Tibridoce verum." (Fast.
5, 635,) when he wrote " Say, Father
Thames ;" but Gray found these very
v^ords in Greene's poem of the Grotto
(See Dodsley's Collection, 5, 159.) —
Mr. Keightley observes, '^ This dis-
tich wms justly suspected by Heinsius.
There is a corruption in it which it is
now, perhaps, impossible to cure.
Banoan understood by penna an
arrow ; others think it denotes a hard
feather, which the swan gets when
old," he. The difficulty appears
to us to lie chiefly in the word " ca-
nentia;" but Heinsius quotes from
Vifg.^n. z. 418.
Ut senior letho eanentia Imnina solvit.
Though he adds, " de oloribus alibi
nihil simile legi." But the Hercules
Fur. of Euripides will afford a similar
expression.
Kvicvoff it£ yifmv a6d^i nokiap rV ycwiuv
V. 694.
Now as it is well known in fable
that this bird sung sweetest in his dying
hour, KvKVos yap ^dirrarov ficXor aba
ytfpaaKtav. v. Orus Apoll. ii. 3, p. 100.
so the poet would say, "That the
swan, pierced by an arrow, and there-
fore dying" an untimely death, (in which
. the force of the simile lies,) anticipates,
as it were, that funeral song which
would prognosticate and accompany his
natural decay in old age. v. Martial
Ep. xiii. 77.
Dolcia defect4 modulatur carmina lingua
Cantator Cycnus foneris ipse sui.
The aged swan had alone the gifts
of song and divination.
Campis dives Apollo sic Myrinis,
Sic semper Senibus fruare Cycnis.
Lib. v. 607.
JJlAJubam dextr4, Isevft retinebat amictus.
Mr.Keightley observes, " It is rather
unusual to speak of the mane or juba
of a bull. Ovid, however, does so
elsewhere." Nor was this incorrect in
the poet. There were anciently two dis-
tinct breeds of the " bos " in Europe,
one with a mane, one without ; the
bos uru» and the bos taurus. The
wrui was the wild shaggy bison of the
Hungarian forests, which has been
destroyed, with the exception of a herd
of about eight hundred, that are
preserved with great care by the Em-
peror of Russia in some forests on the
borders of Poland, and that are
placed under the superintendence of a
nobleman of rank as their keeper. The
hot toMHU now is the civilized ox. The
Say, father 7!ftamef, whose gentle pace
Gives leave to view what beauties grace
Your flowery banks, if you have seen^ &c.
P. 243. The Lituus, says Mr.
Keightley, was the staff with a curved
top. Used by the augurs : its form has
been retained in the bishop's crosier.
He should have said the bishop's staff
or crook. It is only the archbishop
who has a crosier, and which is formed
in the shape of a cross.
We cordially recommend this edi-
tion to the higher classes of schools
and to Universities.*
Observations upon the Handwriting of
Philip Melanchthon, illustrated with
Facsimiles : also, a few specimens of
the Autoqraph of Martin Luther.
By S. Leigh Sotheby. 4/o,
THE contents of this volume are of
an extraordinary and very curious
nature. It is written in illustration of
more than thirty large plates, each
filled with fac-similes in lithography
of a vast number of scraps of ancient
writing, either the actual or the pre-
sumed remains of the active pen of Me-
lanchthon ; and these, for the most
part, are not letters, or treatises, but
detached fragments and marginal anno-
tations, of all shapes and forms, and
in so great an apparent variety of
hands, as might puzzle and confound
the most experienced scrutiny of an
Upcott or a Dawson Turner.
The origin of the laborious investi-
* There are two translations of the
Fasti into English verse, the one by Johit
Gower, A.M. 1640, 12mo. ; the second by
W. Massey, of Wandsworth, 1757, 8vo.
the same author who wrote on *' Letters,*'
&c. Tliere i» a severe but just criticism on
this lairt by Goldsmith ; see his Misc.
Works, vol. iv. p. 87, or Prior's edit. p.
418.
6a
Review.— Sotheby (m the Handwriting o/Melanchthon. [Jan.
gation which Mr. Leigh Sotheby has
thus imposed upon himself, which he
has executed with so much zeal and
assiduity, and put forth in so hand-
some a form, was the circumstance of
being entrusted with the care, for sale
by auction, of the library of Dr. Kloss
of Frankfort, in the year 1835. That
library was one of considerable extent,
and consisted chiefly of books printed
during the fifteenth century, and col-
lected with the view of forming a
series of Supplements to Panzer's
Typographical Annals. (See a brief
account of it in our number for April
1835, vol. III. p. 417.)
Shortly before the sale, Mr. L. So-
theby discovered grounds for supposing
that the marginal annotations in many
of the volumes were those of the learned
reformer, Philip Melanchthon ; but
the want of time prevented him from
substantiating his proofs, and his
conjectures were received by the pur-
chasers with a considerable amount of
incredulity. From the same cause it
appears that he overlooked some
volumes not less curious than those
which had then attracted his atten-
tion ; and that the more deliberate
study which he has since paid to the
subject has revealed many additional
proofs, and disclosed other matters of
some importance. On the whole,
whatever ipay be said on the utility of
multiplying copies of so many mere
scraps of writing, it cannot be denied
that this is a very curious volume,
that it developes at the first view several
points of interest, and that other con-
tingent results may possibly arise from
its singular contents, of which a super-
ficial observer cannot easily form au
idea.
A very extensive and important
work is now in the course of publi-
cation at Halle, under the title of
Corpus Rcformatorum, edited by Prof.
Bretschneidcr. Five volumes have been
already published, and they contain the
letters of Melanchthon, with some of
his writings in connexion with them,
to the year 1545 inclusive.
It is a well-ascertained fact in Me-
lanchthon's history that he was a great
collector of books, and apparently not
less certain (which is not so prevalent
with collectors) that he was a liberal
distributor of them. His friend and
biographer Camerariasj after men*
tioning his practice of always taking
with him to public places a copy of the
Holy Scriptures, adds : " And as he
was in the custom of inscribing in his
books the useful and remarkable passages
from the works of the ancients which
principally caught his attention in
their perusal, occasionally illustrating
them with his own observations, those
who happened to see these books be-
came particularly eager to obtain pos-
session of them. Philip, therefore,
being naturally very liberal, and in-
clined to please everybody as far as was
in his power, frequently supplied, by
purchasing others, the place of those
which had either been stolen from
him, or bestowed upon his friends."
The industry of Melanchthon as na
annotator is amply developed in Mr.
Sotheby's fac-similes, which are de-
rived from about ninety volumes, above
sixty of which are classical authors,
and about twenty- five theological ; the
greater part of which, though some
may still admit of doubt, are identified
by his autograph or initials, fully
proving the constancy with which he
fulfilled his own maxim, written on
a copy of Urbani Institutiones Graecae
Grammaticae, printed by Aldus at
Venice in 1497 —
Nulla dies ahsit quin tinea ducta supersit,
PH. MELANCHTHON.
Nor was he less sedulous in his
epistolary labours.
** Professor Bretschneidcr enumerates
upwards of nine hundred letters of Me-
lanchthon preserved in the public libraries
in Germany; including, at Gotha 63,
Basle 120, Dresden in, HaUc 10, Ha-
never 1 1 , Munich ^^S, Nuremberg 20,
Breslau 6*8, Weimar 13, and Gottiugen 7.
The learned professor observes that three
distinct kinds of writing are to be found
in the autograph letters of Melanchthon —
that, as u young man, he wrote a small,
thin, and close hand, as are his letters
from 1518 to 1531; that from 1531 to
1541 Melanchthon, using pens less fine,
wrute a less elegant and coarser hand,
leaving a greater space between each word ;
that in thuse after 1541 (the year in which
Melanchthon hurt his right liand), and
)>articularly for the last ten years of
his life, his writing was very coarse, as if
written with a broken-nibbed j)cn, the
words being very much apart ; and further
states that Melanchthon' s letters from
1 558 to 1 560 appear more to have been
written with a wooden »tyle than with a
1 840.] Rbyibw. — Watts on the reputed Earliest Newspaper. 6 1
Professor Bretschneider also re-
rks that no one, on comparing the
•Btogprmph letters of Melanchthon written
from 1518 to 1550, with those between
1550 to 1560, wonld think they could
hKwe been written by the same person.'*
All this ought to convert the sceptics,
and bring them, cap in hand, to beg
Mr. Leigh Sotheby's pardon and for-
giteness. There is an excellent spe-
cimen of the " wooden-style " or
skewer penmanship in Plate xxvii.
It is a letter to Martin Bucer, and the
original is in the possession of Mr.
Dawson Turner. As it is entire, we
will endeavour to transcribe it, though
it is nearly as obscure as the hiero-
glyphics of the great Dr. Samuel Parr.
*' Reverendo viro erudutione et virtute
fr^Mtanti D. Martino Bucero in Anglia
iocemii Ewtngelhtm, patri suo carianmo.
S. D. Reverende vir et amice carissime.
Dei benefido adhuc ilorent in his vicinis
Academiis studia nostrum doctrinarum
Biediocriter ; at in Ecclesiis nulla doctrinGB
ant ritanm mutatio facta est. Bellum
Bobis Flacius lUyricns homo facetiosus
infert, de veste Unea. Sed quas habeat
faces suspicere potes. Mitto tibi orationem
de Cmcigero,* quae et ipsa (testis est
erased) ostendet studia hujus Academiae.
Te rogo ut sepe scribas de Ecclesiis et
de Francisco Dryandro. Nam bellorum (?)
kistoriK alioqui adferuntur. Regi An-
giico dedicavit Vitus noster Sophoclis in-
terpretationem, quam et exhiberi
et Bene vale. De Luca 1549.
" Philippus Mclathon."
The last passage has fairly defeated
our skill in decyphering ; and, after
that, it is somewhat difficult to be re-
conciled to Mr. Sotheby's assurance
that the " print " or " copper-plate "
writing in Plate xxiii. is also Me-
laocbthon's. We allude to a letter
from the Elector of Saxony and Land-
grave of Hesse addressed to King Henry
VI II. of which the original is preserved
among the Cottonian Manuscripts. It
is, however, satisfactorily shown to
have been the composition of this la-
borious man. It is a well-known fact
in his life that he attended the assembly
of Protestant princes, assembled at
Smalcald, in 1537 : and in a letter
written by himself to Justus Jonas he
mentions bis being detained there in
writing letters to crowned heads. It
is on this occasion that his biographer
Cox has remarked that Melanchthon
" may not inaptly be termed the pen of
the Reformation." A letter to the
King of Spain, which is included in
the Corpus of Prof. Bretschneider,
proves to be a counterpart of this to
Henry VIII.
We have not space to notice at
length the curious matters drawn by
Mr. Sotheby from Melanchthon's
commonplace book ; but we must now
conclude with remarking that towards
the close of this singular volume are
appended several pieces in the hand-
writing of Martin Luther.
* His oration on the death of his friend
Cttper Cnadger,
A Letter to Antonio Panizzi, Esq.
Keeper of the Printed Books in the
British Museum, on tfie reputed Ear^
liest Printed Newspaper, *' The Eng-
lish Mercurie, 1588." By Thomas
Watts, of the British Museum. Svo.
pp. 16.
WE have here the developement of
one of the most extraordinary decep-
tions that has ever been known in the
annals of jiterature — extraordinary,
not so much from the skill or inge-
nuity with which the fabrication was
contrived, for it is one that evinces
more imagination than knowledge, —
as for the wide range in which its cre-
dit has been diffused, and the length
of time that it has remained unde-
tected.
Who may have been its original au-
thor, and to what extent he intended
to carry the deception, cannot now be
ascertained, and may perhaps remain
for ever unknown ; but the forgery
had quietly remained for nearly thirty
years among Birch's manuscripts,
when Mr. George Chalmers, with a
surprising want of caution, became its
foster parent, and successfully intro-
duced it into the stream of literary his-
tory. It came forth with the air of an
historical monument that had long re-
mained in undeserved oblivion in the
recesses of the national library ; no
suspicion was excited ; but the dis-
coverer and the source t of his disco-
very appear to have been regarded as
t 111 this renpect Mr. Chalinors com-
mitted the careless error of quoting the
Sloniic MSS. instead of the Additional
f^a^, derived from Dr. Bireb.
62
Revibw,— Watts on the reputed Earliest Newspaper. [Jan.
alike infallible. So easily are people
deceived when they suspect no motive
of deception ; and so readily and con*
tentedly do men walk into pitfalls
when they see no one near to jeer at
them.
But we must quote at length Mr.
Chalmers's triumphant account of this
mare's nest, which was introduced on
a passing occasion of alluding to the
history of Newspapers, in his Life of
Ruddiman, 1794 :
'* After inquiring, in various countries,
for the origin of News-papers, I had the
satisfaction to find what I sought for, in
England. It may gratify our national
pride to be told, that mankind are in-
debted to ^the wisdom of Elizabeth, and
the prudence of Burleigh [Burghley] , for
the first news-paper. The epoch of the
Spanish Armada is also the epoch of a
genuine news-paper. In the British Mu-
seum there are several news- papers,
which had been printed while the Spanish
fleet was in the English Channel, during
the year 1588. It was a wise policy tu
prevent, during a moment of general anx-
iety, the danger of false reports, by pub-
lishing real information. And the earli-
est news-paper is entitled The English
Mercurie, which, by Authority, * was
imprinted at London, by Christopher Bar-
ker, her Highnesses printer, 1588.'
** Burleigh's news-papers were all Ej:-
traordtnarp Gazettesy wliich were pub-
lished ftom time to time, as that profound
statesman wished, either to inform, or to
terri^ tlie people. The Mercuries were
probably first printed in April, 158fS,
when the Armada approaclied the shores
of England. After the Spanish ships had
been dispersed, by a wonderful exertion
of prudence and spirit, these Extraordi-
nary Gazettes very seldom appeared.
The Mercurie, No. 54, which is dated on
Monday, November 24th, 1588, informed
the public, that the solemn thanksgiving
for the successes which had been obtained
against the Spanish Armada, was this day
strictly observed. This number contains
also an article of news from Madrid, which
speaks of putting the Queen to death, and
of the instruments of torture that were
ou board the Spanish fleet. We may sup-
Sse, that such paragraphs were designed
the policy of Burleigh, who understood
the artifices of printing, to excite the
terrors of the English people, to point
their resentment against Spain, and to
intlnmc their love for Eliiabeth.
** Yet, are we told, that posts gave rise
to weekly -papers, which are likewite a
Ftmck mrciiium. The inventor was
Ihoophnit RtBimdo^ a phyiici«ii wh«f
laying ^s scheme before Cardinal Rich«
lieu, obtained from him a patent for The
Paris GazettCf which was first published
in April 1631. Thus would confident ig-
norance transfer this invention, which is
so usefully advantageous to the governors
and the governed, from the English Bur-
leigh to the French Richlieu. The dates
demonstrate, that the pleasures and the
benefits of a news-paper were enjoyed in
England more than forty years before the
establishment of the Paris Oazeitet by
Renaudot, in France. And the EngUsk
Mercurie will remain an incontestable
proof of the existence of a printed news-
paper in England, at an epoch when no
othpr nation can boast a vehicle of news
of a similar kind."
This wonderful statement was un-
fortunately admitted by Mr. Nichols
into the elaborate account of early
newspapers, which, with the assist-
ance of the Rev. Mr. Ayscoqgh, he
formed in the fourth volume of the Li-
terary Anecdotes ; and even the acute
and inquiring Mr. D'Israeli, who, in
the early editions of the Curiosities of
Literature had given an article on the
Origin of Newspapers, in which no
allusion was made to the English Mer-
curic, inserted an account of the al-
leged discovery, almost in the words
of Chalmers, in subsequent editions.
Up to the present time, it has been con-
tinually transferred to an endless train
of Encyclopedias and Miscellanies,
English and foreign, including the
Conversations-Lexikons of Germany,
and Encyclopedias prineted in France,
Russia, and America.
That no one literary inquirer, dur-
ing a course of fifty years, should ever
have thought of examining the preten-
sions of these documents, is certainly
astonishing. There were circumstances
even in the account given by Mr.
Chalmers, which ought to have con-
demncd them. It might have occurred
to any one who began to think upon
the subject, that it was strange there
should be no other copies preserved of
so interesting a publication ; that no
previous number should have occurred
of a periodical work which had at-
tained its >{/"/y-/ottr/A number; that no
subsequent number of a publication
Burghley had once patronised and em-
ployed should have been found. Even
the orthography of an extract which
Chalmers gave in a note should have
excited some suspicion; aod the ad-
V
1840.] RSTifiW.— Waits on tie reputed EarJiest Netesfmper.
63
tcrtisemenU of books would have been
premmtare in newspapers of sixty years
laler. Bat an examination of the pa-
pers themselves, which were within
dmily call at the British Museum,
would have furnished at once the most
erident proofs of falsehood, as it has
done to Mr. Watts.*
The t3q>e proves to be only about a
centiuy old, instead of two centuries
and a half; the spelling is very dif-
ierent to that of books actually printed
in 1S88 ; the paging of the sheets is
ill managed, as well as their numbers,
and so are the intervals of time be-
tween them ; whilst with respect to the
kiaiwrical materials of the fabrication,
it is qnite sufficient to proceed a very
few lines only in comparing them with
real authorities to prove their inaccu-
racy and absurdity. To crown the
whole, the numuseript copies of these
newspapers are found with the printed
copies; and they arc in the writing
and paper of the last century, the or-
thography partly modified to an ima-
ginary antiquity, and partly not. After
all, the originai motives of deception
may not have laid very deep ; and the
principal weight of blame rests with
Mr. George Chalmers, who so un-
vrisely, and in several respects inaccu-
rately, adopted the foundling.
Having now performed our part of
exposing to its merited scorn this long
established error — which, however,
like others of the kind, must be ex-
pected to raise its hydra-head again
and again before it is utterly extinct —
we have merely to express our appro-
bation of the skill and knowledge with
which it has been laid bare and anato-
mised by Mr. Watts ; but there is
another subject alluded to towards the
end of this curious pamphlet, which
appears to call u|xjn u.s for some further
remark.
** Another error on the subject of tUv
oriipn of newspjipers remniu« to be
noticed. ' The first gazette published in
these parts/ we are told in Chambers's
and in Rees's Cyclopaedia, 'is said to
have been that of Paris , begun in the year
1631 by Theophrast Renaudot, a physi-
cian of Montpelier, in his office of intel-
ligence.' The same assertion is attri-
buted by Chalmers and the Encyclopaedia
Londinensis to Horace Walpole, is men-
tioned in the Encyclopedia Metropoli-
tana, and is considered by all three as
confuted by the discovery of the English
Mercury. How this should have been
necessary to confute it is not very obvious ,
since in all the accounts of the origin of
newspapers, of any length, those of the
above three authorities included, a list is
given of several which appeared in Eng-
land long before the date of 1631. To
prove that the Paris Gazette was not the
first, there needs in fact no further au-
thority than the Paris Gazette itself.
The very first sentence of the Dedication
to the King, prefixed to |tbe first volume,
states t that ' it is a remark worthy of
history, that France, so curious after
novelties, should never, under sixty-three
kings, have thought of pubUshing a
Gazette or weekly collection of foreign
and domestic news, in the same manner
as other states and as all Us neighbours,*
* The publication of Gazettes,* adds the
preface in the first page, ' is indeed a
novelty but in France only,* Never was
an unfounded report so easily and com-
pletely demolished, except, perhaps, in a
parallel case, so curious that it should not
be omitted. The Gentleman's Magazine
unaccountably passes for the first peri-
odical of that description, while, in fact,
it was preceded nearly forty years by the
Gentleman's Journal of Motteux, a work
much more closely resembling our modem
mai^azines, and from which Sylvanus
Urban borrowed part of his title and part
of his motto ; — and while on the first page
of the first numbers of the Gentleman's
Magazine itself, it is stated, that it con-
tains * more than ajiy book of the kind and
prtce.
Now, iij)()n the latter part of this
passage we must observe, that it is not
MO well considered as the greater part
* Wt* may here mention that anothtr remarkable discovery has recently been made
at the British Museum, which is, that the Hamilton Vase (not the Portland Vase, as
was erroBeously stated in the Literary Gazette) has the names of the figurcri ui>on it
denignatcd by tnHcriptionf. which li:iv;^ hitlierto been conceided by the dishonest paint
of *ome former possessor. Thi> jliscovcry has hi'cn ma«lc by Mr. (ierhard, who
will nhortly publish a full exposition of it.
f " • Cent Wen une rem.irque <ligne de I'histoire ipie dessouz soixantctrois Roys,
la PniBcei li curicuM de nonveautez, ne se soit point avizee de publier la Gazette on
recueil par chacone semalne des nouvelles tant domestiquesau'estrangcrcs, ^ Texemple
dca aatres Estats, et mesmc de tous scs voisins.' ' La publication des Gasettes est i
la vcriU sottvdle maia en France seulcmcnt.* "
I.
I
n Lnnnvn.:r
■ •
•? '-hni 'JiHi // •'- - : . . .•
■A'lich \\vi\* \: :: : ■■"•'
••• ss null/ i.' I.ii:,.! :.. " ■'.'
7 ■r'n!''(l cfsf!''':' rt / r - 1 ..'(*
>,.< ." tho titK'-; ot" v.- •.:..".; :.: :]\n
'..hi which C(ii:iinU'- i r _• \\r.
■ ■iiijMralivily nr-. r.*. : ..:. ;. f!i
!'-pa'.:i' of tlu" .M:ij.'.:.: .
. ^c iv'W lactH .Mr. \V./.> v. . !!mi1
•.■ .•'.>rriTt ; uiid if, .'. '..•" " .Iid-
».mI ri'scaic'hc-:, 1 ■■- -'; '. :aiv{.
• i!v DlhiTs whir}, m.-.y .. ..-Tatt-
v-i tho arinaU (if lir. riwy ;-. ri-ili-
- • thi' inti'ivaMit-rw ■:,*:.■ .1 .iiha!
V- •'.'..'uv anrl till- li"-* Mnjn it v t.i*
.I-'. \\i'"*]iall h« aiii'ii.j ^'..■■-■- wh'i
p.-t'i'ivi' thi'ii w'.'.ii !h. Li :n:i'>-t
..■- '.:.iv-ii»>M.
'■''.• I»aini)hKt i.-^ rone lu'li-l v. irli n
■ 11% lliat ihi- <1;hiii otjudihicnj tlic
■ ^' pjintiMl Fl('W■^|laj^^'r iim>t br cnn-
■ >«'i-vl h»'twc«'!i X'cnici' and Nuri'iii-
•v-:.;. Vfnicc is L'<iuTally iiiuhrstcioil
' • havi' l)iTn llii' hirth-]»la(i' i)f (in.
■■"■s. as \hv tjazrla was tin- uaiiu' of
.1 K\n\\ tht'ic for wliicli tlu' lu'ws was
N.»lil ; hut tlu'M' ari' aUo said ti) havj*
Hx'ri irrit/rn ncw^-h'ttor.s, — a kind of
'!U»llis;i'nci' of which privntr cxampKs
.ui' lii'inirnt in our own cnrrcsjjond-
tMu'i' of fiiruiiT tinu's, and the (iov«Tri-
iMi-nt of W'uico is said not tn havi-
piMiniili'd thiMu to pa>^ siih firrln. \i
iiin.un> to hi asciTtaincd when- l]u-\
wx'iK' f>''iiiffif lir-t ; and wr hope thr
!!i'i'ii'-iiM:'. incpiiry will I)c pursui'd.
I >i lh»- i;i.mts of htcraturr to which tliosi-
.'i\> i..»\»' hiith ; thus was |N»p,- Clfnu-nt.
'■\,' I'l hih I'liilihi! til iini!»'r».t;iiHl and aj)-
i". . . t.iir fhf writinijs of our c-(»nntryiiiiiii,
'■.■ pi.His, iMlhii'!ii\,aiHi juilit'ious Jlonkcr,
.■■J. wliiMi a pintion (if his work on Kc-
.'.Misti.al I'ohty wa< read to tliat INjutitf
, V-. inp.MMm«>uj.|y ill La/ill, he cxrhuiiivd
», ■ 'i li.umiirahlr »an(Ioiir, "Thi-rt" is no
■ II ■••■.1;; that this iii-ni halh not >«'archt'<l
■ n-Mhiuu i-' too hird f«ir his iindii-
» .vilin:: : tliis Mian iinhM-d di-M-rvrs tin*
I-.-.- of ail author, lijs !)«»oks will ijci
^.•»iii'r h\ aiif ; for tln*r«' is in thnn
, . ■•. ^.-iiU of I ttriiity, that if the- n-st h«'
». :!iis th« > shall last rill tin- last tin*
. ■ ii: »i«iisuine all h'arninir."t Tht- ad
'•..■ . iri"nmstaucf«<, says, in \i\< mt'irinir
i.\ f.»i si'\t'ral y»ars t ilkcd of iiis jilan
.. • .•'*.' it worth thf trinl,"
1840.]
Review.— 7%5 Youth of Shakespeare.
65
Tutage of make the two classic languages
of antiquity also go hand in hand need
not be illustrated here by similar exam-
ples ; nor the utility of that plan be en-
forced which obliged the student, while
he was labouring in the mine of Greek
Hteratnre, to keep his Latin, to use a
homely phrase, " at his fingers' ends."
Yet, for all this, as scholarship is now
rather diffused than deep, and as literal
translations of Greek authors into English
abound, as science daily adopts Greek
terms into her vocabulary, the time has
BOW arrived when a Greek and English
dictionary may be made peculiarly useful.
The Latin, with all its elegance, has a
certain rigid poverty about it at variance
vith the character of the Greek, and the
fuility with which passages of Shakspeare
ire from time to time rendered into Greek
as academical exercises, with force and
doseness of interpretation, proves a very
near analogy in the genius and pliability
of English and Greek, and the expedi-
ency of having a dictionary which, with-
out taking any circuitous and secondary
medium, should at once render Greek into
English, and English into Greek. Such
is the purpose of the lexicon now before
OS ; it is printed in a clear and elegant
type, readily visible, both for character
and accent. The derivatives from every
root seem to be classed alphabetically in
single and well defined paragraphs, the
root itself being expressed in a parenthe-
sis ; thus giving, as it were, a clear bird's-
eve view of the concatenation of the Ian-
guage, and presenting facile, and therefore
excellent, means for vocabulary acquisi-
tion. The English and Greek portion ap-
pears to us at once copious and explana-
tory, and must prove a valuable aid to the
student who is exercising himself in Greek
composition, whether at the Universities
or the minor nurseries of learning. To
the whole a short grammar of the Greek
language is prefixed, so that the scholar
has a manual for terms and their gram-
matical inflexions at once before him. We
think that an explanatory vocabulary of
Hellenic proper names might have advan-
tageously been appended ; but this, per-
haps, might have swelled the work beyond
the limits most convenient for a book of
ready reference, a single volume. We
have to thank the editor for an Anglo-
Greek dictionary, evidently compiled
with care and labour from voluminous
standard authorities of the lexicographic
class, and which affords us the advantage
of their definitions in a cheap and con-
centrated form.
The Vouth of Shakespeare t by theAuthor
of ** Shakspeare and his Friends/ ' 3 Yolf.'^
Gurr. Mao. Vol. Xlll.
The author of this work has produced
such a copious array of judgments in fa-
vour of his former work from almost every
gazette and newspaper existing, that he
well can spare the slender tribute of our
admiration. We can say with Silence
in the play, — ** We have been merry once,
ere now ; " — and yet, somehow or other,
we must say that the " Youth of Shake-
speare *' is not quite to our taste; and we
have a sort of conviction that our author is
not very deeply conversant with his subject-
matter. We perceive in his preface that
he asserts — ** The orthography here ad-
hered to (t.e. of Shakespeare's name, spelt
as we have spelt it) hath the recommen-
dation of being that which the great bard
employed in the latter period of his life,
when it is supposed he must have settled
it to his liking : " &c. Now this is not the
case, — for Sir F. Madden has proved that
the signatures to the poet's will were mw-
read^ and that they contain no ** a^* in
the second syllable. There are also some
strange expressions which swarm in the
pages of these volumes ; as aqu<e vitae ;
carrying of a basket ; digital extremity ;
consoling of himself ; do as you like by ;
showing ©/"him in his extremity the proper
duties of a wife ; thirsting with the horri'
blest vengeance, — cum multis aliis. Nor
does the following passage show much ad-
herence to probability or truth of character.
The mother says, *' 'Nay, school hath its
pains also ; but such as are unknown of
any save unworthy boys, who care more for
play than for book, and will learn nothing
tiiat is set them.' * Well, an' they behave
80 illf it is plain they deserve no better,*
observed the boy ; * yet it seems to me,
from what I have learned of Nurse Cicely
in ballads and stories, and from such sweet
verses as you have oftimes repeated to me,
concerning o/'brave knights and fair ladies,
that if other pleasures of still sweeter sort
are to be found in books, whereof you can
know only by going to school and conning
of your lesson with all proper diligence,
school cannot help being as pleasant
a place for good boys as any goodly place
that can be named.' * Doubtless,' ans-
wered the mother.' " We could extract
from the very next page such expressions
as catching of butterflies ; concerning
of whence came ; spying of many wild
flowers ; he was got to evince a tolerabla
spelling. We perceive that our author is
preparing for publication '* The Life and
Times of Shakespeare," in which we hope
to see a more profound knowledge of the
subject, and a more exact and finished
style of expression, — or he will have Mr.
J. P. Collier crying out " Nunc accipe
poenas," from the infliction of which
we wre afirnid not cvea the praisei of tbo
66
Literary mud Scientific Intelligence.
[Jan.
Court Journal or Weekly Dispatch will
save him. Our humble adyice would be—
'^ more matter and fewer words." '
The Young Scholar's Engluh-Latin
Dictionary, by the Rev, J. £. Riddle, M,A.
1839. — A convenient, and, as far as we
have observed, an accurate Dictionary,
well adapted to the younger members of
schools. We think most Dictionaries of
this kind to be somewhat defective
on subjects of natural history. In the
present, under the word " Oak,** the Latin
term "Quercus** only is given, and Robur,
^sculus, omitted. Also, in the Latin part,
** ^sculus '* is not found ; and no Latin
word for the Chemut'tree is given.
Other defects of this kind might be men-
tioned.
7^e First Adam, a Course qf Sermons
to a Village Congregation, By the Rev. J.
Hobson, Curate of Kirstead, ^c. — We
recommend these Sermons for the sound-
ness of their doctrine, the simplicity and
clearness with which the exposition of the
scriptural commands is given, and for the
earnestness and piety with which they are
enforced. We consider the subject also
to be well chosen, and such as hardly
would fail to awaken and detain the atten-
tion of such a congregation as is under
the present preacher's care. We observe
at p. 169 Mr. Hobson remarks, ** Consider
how awfully the denunciation is brought
to pass — * in the sweat of thy face shalt
thou eat bread. Cursed is the ground for
thy sake : in sorrow shalt thou eat of it
all the days of thy life.' What barrenness
and desolation pervade many parts of the
earth ! Rocks and mountains, deserts
and frozen wildernesses, oocipying a very
large portion of the globe, in w^ch iii-
hospitable regions the few wretched in-
habitants scarcely know where to look fbr
their daily subsistence," &c. Now, ia
the first place, it is not tme that tiiit
curse was repealed in the days of Noah,
and therefore no longer exists ; secondly,
do the testimonies of it which Mr.
Hobson produces support his aasertion?
** Rocks and mountains" abound witii
minerals most serviceable to the me of
man : ** out of whose mountains thorn
mayest dig brass.'' The misty heads of
mountains are also the reservoirs of the
rivers of the earth : the Danube and the
Rhine come forth from their crystal
cradles in the caverns of the Helvetian
hills. The geographical philosopher also
informs us, that to the burning deserts of
Africa, Europe owes much of the genial
warmth which softens her otherwise gelid
climate ; and the " frozen wildernesses,"
which Mr. Hobson pronounces to be per-
petual memorials of the original curse, are
presumed to have an important effect on
the vicissitudes of seasons, die periodical
changes of the atmosphere, and tiie ooorse
of winds, and perhaps of tides. Thus tiie
barrenness of some portions of the globe
constitutes the fertility of others. A per-
petually blue and serene sky would soon
smite the earth with cold and fiunine and
desolation ; and an earth unusually level
and fertile would be far inferior, even in
beauty, to the varied scene of grandeur
and sublimity which it now derives from
its Alps of snow. We cannot believe that
the present earth was ever physically con-
structed much different from what it at
present is.
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censes plausus et amid dona Q^iritis 7
For Sir Wm.Browne's three gold medals,
the subjects are« for the present year — 1.
For the Greek Ode— £/tft»tt. 2. For the
Latin Ode — Illo Virgilium me tempore
dulcis alebat Parthenope^ studiisflorentem
ignobilis oii, 3. For the Greek Epigram
— Dulce periculum, 4. For the Latin
Epigram — Se sequiturque fugitique.
For the Porson Prize, the subject for the
present year is — Shakespeare. Troilus and
Cressida, Act 1. Scene 3. Beginning —
** The ample proposition that hope makes ^'^^
and ending— "ifaAre fl/ofl*//orJVi^/une."
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY.
Dec, 14. Tlie Norrisian prize was ad-
judged to D. Moore, of Catharine Hall,
for his Essay on the following subject : —
«*The Divine Origin of the Holy Scrip-
tures may be inferred from their perfect
adaptation to the circumstances of Human
Nature."
The subject for the English Prize Poem
for the Marquess Camden*s gold medal,
for the present year, U— -Richard the First
m Palestine,
WESTMINSTER PLAY.
The Queen's scholars of Westminster
School performed the Eunuckus of Te-
rence this season, with the following cast
of the characters : —
Phadria
Parmeno
Thais
Gnatho
Chorea
Thrtiso
Pythias
Chremes
Dorias
Dorus
Sanga
Sophrona
Laches . •
Simalio ^
^^«« > Mutes.
Pamphila J
Somerset.
Greenlaw.
Randolph.
Richards.
Glyn, sen.
Boyce.
Phillimore.
Rawlinson.
Glyn, jun.
Chalk.
Preston.
Maud.
Monk house.
{Cocks,
Prout,
Templar,sen.
Swabey.
It may be necessary to apprise the
classical reader that the fourth and fifth
scenes of the third act were omitted, and,
of course, with them, the part of Antipho,
A very important alteration was effected
in the scenic costumes worn on these
festive occasions. Instead of the dress or
frock coat, smart waistcoat, and trousers
fashioned after the newest pattern, the
performers were apparelled in the togi,
and the boots of Hoby or Zakoski were
changed for the Roman sandal. Great
praise is due to the care and atten-
tion which must have been applied to
this part of the arrangements, as well
aa to the good taste which suggest-
ed tiie piopriety of the alteration. The
\
V
1840.]
Literary and Scientific Intelligence,
69
sathorities for every portion of the cos-
tume, however minate, are contained in
m learned though small treatise, which
every scholar will peruse with pleasure,
if pid>lished, as it ought to be, and which
is entitled '* An Excursus to sections 15,
16, and 17 of Part IV. of the Greek An.
tiquities of Lamhert Bos."
PhttdriUf instead of making his bow to
tiie audience, dressed like a dashing young
English gentleman, with frock coat, boots,
and beaver, presented himself with his head
bare, and wearing, as befitted young men of
his age, a kind of short cloak as an upper
garment, the chlamys, which covered the
left arm and was clasped on the right
riioulder, so that one end hung down in
front and the other behind, leaving the
rig^t arm free for action, whilst the left
huid was hidden. The colour of his
chlamys was saffron, with a reddish bor-
der. A sleeveless tunic, white, reached to
his knee, and, with a pair of sandals on his
feet, there stood before the audience the
Athenian Ephebus, in his habit as he
lived. His brother, Chareoj in his first
dress, was similarly attired, but the colour
of the chlamys was purple throughout,
while his tunic was ornamented at the
bottom with a border, and a broad -biim -
medhat with a low round crown, the peta-
sus — ^for he is represented as coming in
from the country — hung from his neck
upon his shoulders behind. In his dis-
guise as |the Eunuch f he wore a striped
tunic with long sleeves, trousers, and red
shoes, with a small red-coloured chlamys,
and a blue conical cap, like the Phrygian
bonnet, with the apex bent forward. The
parasite, Gnatho, was dressed in the very
height of Athenian fashion ; his tunic was
of the finest linen, and was ornamented
both at the bottom and on the girdle by a
border ; a silver heart glittered on the
top of his foot, while his pallium was
slightly rounded at the sides, and had
silver glands depending from the comers,
to make it bang well. This was also ob-
servable in the chlamys of Thrato, which
was of a scarlet colour, and worn, as was
the mode with military men, rather smaller
than that used by the young Athenians.
His tunic also did not reach so lar as the
knee. In the scene in which he marches
in with his household troops to storm the
house of Thaiit he was equipped with
helmet and shield, and carried two javelins
in his hand, while one of his attendants
bore his shield-stand, on which the buck-
ler was suspended during the parley which
ensues. The appearance of his forces
merely attired in black scanty tunics, as
usual with slaves, and armed with clubs,
spits, meat-forks, and other implements
of domestic warfaro— not forgetting the
defensive armour borne by one of them, a
huge pot-lid — contrasted with the gor-
geous military array of Thraso himself,
was exquisitely ludicrous, and even the
actors could not help laughing. The
dress of Laches f or ChremeSf does not seem
to call for any particular remark, further \
than that it was appropriate, and we there-
fore pass to a description of the apparel of
Thaig, She wore an Ionian tunic of white
linen, embroidered with gold, with long
sleeves, which were fastened down the arm
with small clasps. Over the left shoul-
der was thrown a violet-coloured pallium,
ornamented with stars, falling from the
waist in full folds, and reaching to the
feet. The girdle was fastened in a bow,
and her feet were inserted in laced socks.
The head-dress appeared to consist of a
diadem of pearls, and a sort of fine net,
which hung some way down the back.
Whenever she appeared on the stage, she
was attended by two female slaves, mutes,
one of whom carried a fan of peacock's
feathers, the other a mirror made of
polished steel. They were clothed in
a short upper tunic, reaching to the hips,
over a full under-tunic ; while Doriat,
another female attendant of Thais, wore
a long straight tunic without a girdle ; and
Pythias the encyclum, or tunico -pallium,
the most common dress of the Athenian
women, over a tunic which came down to
the feet. Altogether, too much praise
can hardly be bestowed upon the pains
which were taken to render the illusion
of the scene complete.
PROLOGUS.
Tandem exit annus, feriasque uti sclent
Itliw Decerabris affenint ; et fabula
Terentiana fniitur auditoribus
Ut ante doctis, atque ut abte lenibns.
Gaudemus itafjue; sed fatendum est, judices,
Nos et vereri non nihil, ne plus salia
Vacare rebus nos putetia ludicris ;
Quod apparatus Anfi[licos tentavimus
Mutare Gr«cis vestibus : tentavimus,
Reos habetis confitentes scilicet.
Mutationem fecimus ; nee sit probro.
Nam neque novarum rerum amore ducimur.
Nee artis histrionicc : Terentio
Debetur aliquid ; h«c imago scenica
Aufi^ista quamvis, Attica est, non Anglica.
At 7//^, cujusartis est inreni,
Athcniensis est adhuc ab omnibus
Cognominatus Atticam ab solertiam
In excolendis rebus Atticis. Viris
Laudi est Athenas ire, sij^na quaererc
Inter ruinas Vetera. Non Terentio
Nedum Menandro sufficere jam credimur,
Si scena et liabitus discrepant quam maxume.
Favete nostro. judices, conatui :
Favete : nam dcsidcratus Anglie
Rex ipse favit unicc Terentio
SpecUtor atque plausor hujus fabuls.
EPl LOCUS.
Phadrich-Pnrwuno— Tkals— Pythias,
p, Vos i«t«c auferte intro-tu, Parmeno, ade«
dam;
70
LUifitry and Seieniifie InielUfence.
[Jan.
Nam rok) te paucis. P. Pluribus hand opaa
est.
latcc niminmi dono sunt Thaidi, amoris
Slfna tai. P. lino alind, Panneno, \ongi
alind.
Pm. Hem! quid jam cessavit amor? tcdetne
pueus
Te tarn dilectc tarn cito ? P. Res alia est.
Pa. Coinam fceminea hsec dono sunt? P.
Mascula dicas.
Pa, Mascula ! vah ! sunt ne luec propria qus
maribus?
Mitra, etcincinni, etpigpmenta, et serica Testis ;
Sandalia, et nardus, quam propria hcc mari-
bus?
P, Hie habitaturi Londinum adyenimos urbem
Famosam, impletam civibns innumeris,
Gaudentem hospitibus ; sed, nt aiunt, cmque
necesse est,
Morigerari Anrlis, si volet esse Leo.
Pa- Non Leo, sea catulus lies, si talia curae
Shmt tibi. Bellns homo, non tamen Anglus
eris.
P, Cincinnatus ero. Pa. Taceas— res forsan
amicae
Tota tuK subolet : tristis enim egreditur.
7« Hei mihi ! quid Jam credam, veicuiperdita
credam ?
iUe. in quo nostrae spes et opes sit« erant ;
Qui sine me nunquam se vivere posseputabat,
Fhsdria lit mulier— Phaedria. — P. Parce
metu,
Parce metu. Cytharea! T. Eheu! tremo et
horreo tota.
Pa, Tota! P, Thraso quidem abest—tota
fit ilia mea.
T. Tota tua. omnino tua, Phtedria ; primus
apud me
Semper es, atqne oculos militis effodiam.
Pa. Dico tibi insidias fieri. 7\ Tu credere noli
Huic stulto ; ex animo dico. P, Quid ergo
rei est ?
Quid te sollicitat ? 7. Mi Phsdria, corculum
amabo,
Concinnis vellem me decorare tuis.
Nardum et pastillos vellem, pigmentaque vel-
lem.
Nil mihi respondes ? P. Pessuma ! T. Me
miseram.
P. Quid faciam ipse, ccdo ? et barbam vis for-
san habere.
T. All minime ! barbs non ego sum cupida.
P. Hercle etiam hoc restat { sm quisnam hue
advenit? Pa. Eial
Est Gnatho, an huic similis tu cupis esse ?
P, Tace.
7. O monstrum ! en hominem Cacum sese ore
ferentem I
Fumos et flammas evomit ore. Pa. Libet.
P. Anne decet ? Onatho bellus homo est, qui
spiritus illi.
Qui vultus I 7. Vigor est igueus. Pa. Euge !
7. Cibum.
E flammi petit, ut dixti. Pa. Fumum ex ful-
gore
Et lucem e tumo dat. P. Color ! ecce color
Bstroseus! 7. Modo sit verus ! P. Non pec-
tore vincto —
O. Desine. ne Thais ac pugilem esse putat.
Atque equidem, fateor, gracilem me pcsnitet
esse,
Defendoji^nium scilicet ipse mcum.
Pa. Me miseret. Parasite, tui ; atque Gnatho-
nicus ease,
Nolo. 7. Sed es solus— cui tibi miles abest 7
G. Moxaderit. P. Quidagit? G. Sancti in
silvi Johannia
Anglis insoritur— At generosus eques.
Ferreaque eflfossis arcingitur anna sepulchris.
7. O fkctum egregiam t dignus amore meo
ett.
Pm. Amw trfo tflbdiM oculotr 7. Agt, Fvr-
ntno, ut ante.
At tn me totam rem. Parasite, doce—
Arma virumque cane, incipe. O, Pugnacis-
sima gens est
Tota hajc— pax odioest— nil nisi pugna placet.
Instaurare volunt pugnara de more parentum.
Fit via— ligneum equum ligneus ui^et eaaes.
P. Qui ratione? Deus^ie c machina? u. Ut
arbi trior ad sunt
Vivi a tergo homines, hie labor, hoc opus est.
Pa. Est Trojanus equus, Londino avertite
monstrum,
O Angli ! inque locos mittite hyberboreos.
{Bxit Pa.)
P. Quid si animo exardent ignes? certamina
fiant
Illic vera nimis, frigore pigra pjrius
Scotica gens sumat ludis rerventibus iras
Terribiles. O. Videat Jupiter hoc Pluvius—
Nocte dieqne pluat. 7. Sed quia sonus impulit
aures?
Advenit ipse Thraso forsitan. G, llaud
dubie.
Audio lo P»an. (Prodeunt Tkrato, SiwuMo,
Sanga, ^e.) Quid fit Thraso? Tkr,
Ligneus neros,
Ligneus et sonipes procubuere simul :
7. Mortinus est heros igitur. Thr. Non mor-
tuus est. 7. Hem !
7&r. Tantum est eversus dicere vera volo.
P. Atcerteeversus? Tftr. Quidni? 7. For-
tissime miles ;
Macte! quid hie nebulo vult sibi? Tkr.
Simalio est :
Vicit Simalio. 7. Non tute est victor, amabo?
Tkr. Sat fait auspiciis hunc stimulasse meis.
7. O utinam in propria persona vincere posses i
Tlr. Induperatoris non foret ofiSciam.
Hoc victore, egomet vici— dubitasne ? Gnatho-
nem
Fac rogites. Q. Aio scilicet, aio Thraso.
Tk. Nonne meum est caput lioc, quod ligno
durius ipso ?
Simalionem emi, Simalionem alui.
Sum dux— G. Aio, Thraso. Tkr. Atque auspex,
hems. G. Aio. Tkr. Opera, ergo.
Illius mea sunt. G. Aio. 7. Tuos tibi nabe.
PhKdria, concinnos, valeas. P. In viduum,
amabo.
Aut. 7. Aut. P. Aut. 7. Valeas, sum tibi
tota Thraso.
G. Euge vexiUum, Sanga, induperator amici
Cum fida faciat, te praeeunte, viam.
ROTAL SOCIETY.
Nov, 21. At the first meeting for the
season, the Marquess of Northampton,
President, was in the chair ; the evening
was wholly occupied in the reading of the
minutes, which included the subetance of
the ten papers brought before the Society
at their last meeting, and in other routine
business.
Nov, 30. This being St. Andrew's day,
the Anniversary meeting was held, the
noble President in the chair ; when the
following members were elected the new
Council, those whose names are in Italics
not having belonged to the last.
The Marquess of Northampton, President ;
John William Lubbock, Esq. M.A. Treasurer;
l^eter Mark R(^t, M.D., and Samuel Hunter
Christie, Esq. M.A. . S^retaries; and John
Frederick Daniell, Esq. Foreign Secretary.
Other Members of the Council :—i9tr Jokm
Barrow, Bart., Francis Baily, Esq., TAmm*
Bell, Bm., Jokm Davp, MJK, Bryan Domkm,
Boq,, Bmeard Fortt€r,E9q., Thomas Galloway,
Esq. M.A^»nM»nas Graham(_Esq.^ Sr John
F. W* HeiMMiy But* M*A*>
J8400
LUermf end Saent^ InieUigenee.
71
Ommu, Btt't Ridkard PkuUpt, Esq.. Mqfar
ESm&td Sthime, It. A., Robert B. 'n>dd, BID.
Tke PNildeiitildiTered an Address/ in
fmniance of the practice of his prede-
oewors. Its first sahjects were the sailing
of the Antarctic Expedition, and the es-
tablishment of fixed magnetic observatories
for the pmrpow of making simnltaneous
observalMiis in different parts of our co-
lonial possessions. He Uien noticed the
adTantageons results which had been
foaAd to arise from the formation of
^fifmti^r. Committees, which was adopted
two years ago ; and stated that, as the
Covncil hasfelt that the forms of testi-
monial for the election of new Fellows
has scarcely been found sufficiently de-
foiite and precise in stating the grounds on
which the candidate has been recommend-
ed, they have drawn up new forms, some
one of ^which may be adopted as most fit
for each individual so recommended. The
President then stated that, in consequence
of the increased duties devolved on their
tried and valuable officer, Mr. Roberton,
his salary had been raised from 160/. to
300/. ; and that the claims of Mr. Panizzi,
on account of the library catalogue, had
been determined to amount to a balance
of 328/. ; that the vacancies in the list of
Foreign Members had been supplied by
the election of M. Savant, of Paris;
Signor Meloni, of Parma ; M. Quetelet,
of Brussels ; M. Hansteen of Christiana ;
ProfSessor Agassiz, of Neufchatel; and
M. von Martins, of Munich ; and that
C^pt. W. H. Smyth had resigned the
office of Foreign Secretary, in consequence
of his change of residence to an incon-
venient distance from London. The Royal
medals have been assigned to Dr. Martin
Barry, for his researches in Embryology,
communicated to the Society during the
two last years, and to Mr. Ivory, for his
paper on Astronomical Refraction ; and
the Copley medal to Mr. Brown, for his
valuable discoveries on Vegetable Im-
pregnation. The noble President con-
cluded his address by some brief bio-
graphical sketches and characters of the
most remarkable members deceased during
the past year, viz. the Rev. Dr. Martin
Davy, Bishop Marsh, Prof. Rigaud, Mr.
Wiikins, the Rev. A. Alison, Edmund
Law Lushington, esq. Mr. George Saun-
ders, the architect ; and on the Foreign
list, M. de Prony and M. Prevost.
BOTANICAL SOCIETY.
JVor. 29. The anniversary meeting of
this Society took place, J. E. Gray, esq.
F.R.S. President, in the Chair. The re-
ports of the Council and Curator were
read. The Society now consists of one
hundred and eighteen members, twenty-
six having been elected during the past
year. The number of British plants re-
ceived in the herbarium, consisted of
24,860 specimens, 1291 species, 491 ge-
nera, 101 natural orders ; and the distri-
bution to the members, in proportion to
their contribution, will take place in Fe-
bruary next. Mrs. Riley had presented
every species of British fern. The foreign
plants received amounted to between
five and six thousand specimens, for the
greater portion of which the members
were indebted to M. Schomburgk. J. E.
Gray, esq. was re-elected President ; and
the Vice-Presidents appointed by him
were, J. G. Children, esq. V.P. R. S. and
Dr. D. C. Macreight, F.R.S. From De-
cember to April the rooms of the Society
will be open every Saturday evening, in
order to extend the advantages which the
herbarium and library afford.
CHELMSFORD PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
JVor. 28. The Anniversary Dinner of
this Society took place at the White
Harflnn,* Chelmsford, John Disney, esq.
F.S.A. the President, in the Chair. Mr.
H. Bird, surgeon, of Chelmsford, has
presented to the Society a snuff box sup-
posed to have belonged to Sir Francis
Drake. It is made of horn, and of oval
shape. On the lid is embossed the arms
of Sir Francis Drake : Sable, on a fess
wavy Argent, the letter A between two
estoiles ; on the dexter chief the letter S.
Above the arms is a fieet with one large
ship in the centre, to which is attached a
cable passing under a globe, and held at
the other end by a hand.
John Adey Repton, esq. F.S.A. has
presented a Map of the Roman Roads in
Essex, accompanied by an explanatory
memoir. One passage in particular was
brought before the attention of the meet-
ing, in order to elicit further investiga-
tion. ** Somewhere near Widford (the
exact spot has not been ascertained) five
different roads meet : the first towards
London, the second through Chelmsford
to Colchester, the third crosses the Chel-
mer through Vick-street and Pleshey, to
Dunmow, the fourth through Baddow
and Danbury Hill to Maldon, the fifth to
the high hills of Stock, Bellericay, Lain-
don Hill, &c. to West Tilburv, which is
called the Higham Causeway.
The collection of articles of value and
rarity, belonging to the Society, is at
present located in a large room, at the
Old Chelmsford Gaol, until a suitable
boUcling ihall be erected to reoeife it, a
72
Literary and Scientific Intelligence.
[Jan.
design for which has been presented by
Mr. Repton.
There are two other new institutions of
this nature in Essex, at Colchester and
Saffron Walden ; but the Chelmsford So-
ciety was earliest in the field.
ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH
ARCHITECTS.
This Society, which is rapidly extending
its reUtionships in all parts of Europe,
and daily gaining ground in public esti-
mation at home, met to open the present
Session on Monday, December 2, Mr.
Edward Blore, V.P. in the Chair.
The Duke de Serradifalco was elected a
corresponding member ; a long list of do-
nations acknowledged, and various inte-
resting letters from foreign architects re-
lative to the progress of their art abroad
were read. A correspondence between
Mr. Barry and Her Majesty's Commis-
sioners of Woods and Forests was laid
before the meeting, touching a duplicate
collection of building-stones, the result
of the late journey of inquiry on that
head, and which Mr. Barry had proposed
presenting to the Institute. Mr. Dela-
oeche, however, had represented to-the
Commissioners that it was advisable the
specimens should be retained in order to
subject them to the effect of the at-
mosphere, and consequently the Com-
missioners were obliged to decline acting
on Mr. Barry's suggestion.
Mr. T. L. Donaldson read an interest-
ing memoir of Apollodorus the architect,
which he made illustrative of the state of
architecture in Rome during the reigns
of Trajan and Hadrian.
The Council expressed a desire to ob-
tain a collection of drawings in illustra-
tion of the works of Inigo Jones ; a hint
which was immediately responded to, se-
veral fellows promising contributions.
Dec, 16. Mr. G. Basevi, V. P. in the
Chair. Various works and drawings in
connexion with Inigo Jones were pre-
sented : amongst them a drawing of the
Banqueting House, Whitehall, from ad-
measurement.
Mr. Cottam then described at some
length Lord Tweedale*s ingenious ma-
chine for making bricks and tiles, illus-
trating the discourse by working- models
and diagrams. The weight of a brick
made in the ordinary manner is about
5 lbs., that of one of the machine-made
bricks 8i lbs., so that a much greater
quality of clay must be consumed in the
new mode than in the old. The speed
with which the bricks can be produced is
very great.
Mr. Godwin, jun. described a patent
system of brickwork invented by Hitch
9
of Ware, in which all the bricks, being
rebated, lock into each other. The inte-
rior of a wall so formed presents a series
of davities which are afterwards filled up
with concrete. Mr. Donaldson spoke on
the same subject. Adjourned to Jan. 14,
1840.
OXFORD SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING THE
STUDY OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE.
Dec. 5. A paper on Stanton Harcourt
church, Oxfordshire, was read by Edgar
E. Estcourt, esq. B.A. of Exeter College.
This church is a very fine and interesting
one. its plan cruciform, the nave in the
Norman style of the twelfth century, the
chancel and transepts in the Early English
style of the thirteenth century, and a good
specimen of this style. Across the en-
trances to the chancel is a wooden screen
in the same style with this part of the
building, of the thirteenth century, and
believed to be almost unique. Unfortu-
nately, it is painted sky-blue. On the
north side of the chancel is a very curious
structure, supposed to be a holy sepulchre,
with a rich canopy of the fourteenth cen-
tury. On it are the usual emblems, or
representations of the implements of the
crucifixion ; and at the four angles of the
canopy, the four Evangelists. The altar-
screen is of Grecian woodwork, in bad
taste, and ought to be removed. On the
south side of the chancel is the Harcourt
aile or chapel, with several fine monu-
ments of that family. The remains of the
manor-house adjoining to the church are
about the end of the fifteenth century.
Tlie kitchen, with its smoke-louvre, and
without chimnies, is curious, somewhat
resembling the abbat^s kitchen at Glas-
tonbury. These two are believed to be
the only specimens of the kind now re-
maining. Several drawings, illustrative
of this paper, were handed round ; and
after the meeting some very beautiful
drawings of the rich Norman sculptures
in Kilpeck church, Herefordshire, were
shown by Mr. LfCwis, who gave some ex-
planations of the symbolical language of
those sculptures.
CAMBRIDGE CAMDEN SOCIETY.
A Society of a nature similar to the
Oxford Architectural Society has been
instituted at the sister University ; though
with a name less appropriate (and one,
indeed, which will probably lead to some
misapprehensions of its intentions). Its
objects arc, however, truly laudable, viz.
the prevention of future acts of architec-
tural barbarism, by the diffusion of a more
accurate knowledge of the details of
Ecdesiutical architecture ; and, secondlyi
J 840.]
jintiquarian Researches »
73
tke more ardaooi task of remedying those
i^ich ha^e already been committed. The
Societj lias printed schemes for the minute
description of (ordinary churches, in which
form it inirites reports from the members.
The gentlemen who take a leading part in
this society are J. M. Neale, of Trinity
C<^lege, aa Chairman of Committee ; Mr.
E. J. Boyce, of Trin., Treasurer ; Mr. B.
Webb, Trin., and Mr. £. T. Codd, B.A.
St. John's, Joint Honorary Secretaries.
The Yen. Archdeacon Thorp, Fellow and
Totor of Trinity, is President ; and there
is a highly honourable list of Vice- Presi-
dents, among whom are Professors Whe-
vtQ and Willis, whote publications have
so materially contributed to the promotion
of sound taste in architecture.
We should have been happy to have
been able to add that this Society,, which
has existed since last May, had already
accomplished many things worthy of
commemoration ; but we trust that its
very establishment is indicative of a lively
and just appreciation of old English archi-
tecture ; and that, either under this or
some more efficient shape, this revival of
taste may be manifested in sending forth,
throughout the country, a clergy regardful
of the visible as well as the spiritual beau-
ties of the churches committed to their
charge.
ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.
SOCIKTT OT ANTIQUARIES.
X4tv. 21 . This was the first meeting of
tiie season, and Henry Hallam, esq. V.P.
was in the Chair.
John Augustus Francis Simpkinson,
esq. Queen's Counsel, was elected Fellow
of the Society.
George Godwin, jun. esq. F.K.S. and
S.A. communicated the first portion of
some notes on certain ecclesiastical build-
ings in Lower Normandy. The principal
objects of his remarks were the church of
St. Jean at Caen, and the cathedral at
Bayeux.
The reading was commenced with a dis-
sertation on Anglo-Saxon Runes, by John
M. Kemblef esq.
Nov. 28. W. R. Hamilton, esq. V.P.
Mr. Kemble's paper was continued.
Dee. 5. Mr. Hallam in the Chair.
George Smith, esq. of Bedford-square,
architect, was elected Fellow of the So-
ciety.
Tliomas Windus, esq. F.S.A. exhibited
a large piece of crystal, on one side of
which are engraved in intaglio the holy
rood between standing figures of Mary
and John, the foot of the cross resting on
a twisted snake, and on either side at top,
in circles, half-length human figures re-
presenting the sun and moon, the head
of the former surrounded by rays, and
that of the latter wearing a crescent, each
bearing a torch in their hands. The
style of the drapery indicates a very early
period of art.
Mr. Colbum, of Norwich, exhibited
a small cup, of silver gilt, very curiously
ornamented. It is engraved with inter-
laced ornaments, and three pairs of rude
animals, a lion and unicorn, an elk and
bare, and a (bird) and popinjay, each de-
signated by its name on a label in the
Sclavonian character. It has a handle of
a flat triangular shape, chased with a re-
GiifT. Mao. Vol. XIII.
presentation of Sampson, or David, rend-
ing the lion's jaws ; and it stands upon
small lions. Round the verge is an in-
scription in Sclavonian, expressive of cer-
tain aspirations for prosperity. It was
lately in the possession of Mr. Goddard
Johnson, of Marsham near Aylsham, Nor-
folk ; and weighs 3^ oz.
Henry Howard, esq. of Corby, F.S.A.
exhibited drawings of several relics as-
cribed to Charlemagne, viz.
1. His hunting-horn and baldrick, re-
maining in the treasury of the church of
Aix la Chapelle. The former is two feet
long, and evidently of high antiquity.
The baldrick is of crimson velvet, em-
broidered at the edge ; its ornaments and
the letters of its motto are of silver gilt.
The motto is dcin t^n Deitl epn, in the
ribbon letters of the fifteenth century.
ti. The epitaph of Fastradana, the third
and favourite wife of Charlemagne, pre-
served at Mainz cathedral. Some of the
letters, as the D (an inverted C), M, and
T, are of a very singular form, and many
are combined together, the former of the
letters so united being reversed, as in the
Roman inscriptions. At length, it is as
follows :
Fastradana pia Caroli conjunx vocitata,
Cristo dilecta, jacet hoc sub marmore tecta;
Anno Septin^psimo nona£pesimo quarto,
Quein nuuienim metro claudere musa negat.
Rex pie ciuein jfessit virjfo licet hie cinerescit
Spiritus lieres sit iwtric que tristia nescit.
794.
These ancient verses are illustrated by
the following modern addition :
Quae Fastradana* coram monumenta tueris,
Haud ista primiim fixa fuere loco ;
Aede sed Albano sacra cwsisaue propinqui
Martiribus claro vertice collis erant.
Nunc, ea qu6d ueriit flammis hostilibus «des,
Muta locis zelo sunt monumenta pio.
Tabula ha:c coisva ex marmore antiuuo, ut
ab interitu servaretur, ambitu lapitus ex-
arato in stylo Kvi Carolin^ci circumdata anno
^
74
Antiquarian Ee9earche$,
[Jan.
3. The Bword of Charlemagnet with
which the Emperors of Germany have
been castomarily girt at their coronations.
It is said to have been sent to Charle-
magne by Haroun al Raschid. The handle
and upper and lower parts of the sheath
are of the purest Arabian gold : its middle
part is of black leather. The two rims of
the handle have jewels. It is 3^ feet in
length, French measure. [Another sword
of Charlemagne was kept at St. Denis,
and is engraved in Montfaucon, vol. i.
pi. xxiv.]
4. The horn of Roland at Thoulouse.
It is of ivory, sculptured in relief with
grotesque animals. This is said to have
been given by Charlemagne to the church
of St. Semin, and to have belonged to
Roland.
5. An ivory hunting-horn at Greystoke,
bought at Rotterdam in 1830. It is two
feet in length ; and is ornamented with
outline engravings of a dog overtaking an
ibex, and a hunter spearing a stag.
Mr. T. G. Waller exhibited drawings
by himself and brother, of several se-
pulchral brasses ; viz. Sir Rob. de Bures,
at Acton, Suffolk ; one at Shottesbrooke,
Berks, of a priest and layman, temp. Rich.
II.; John Martyn at Graveney, Knt.,
Sir R. Swynborne at Little Horkesley,
Essex; Thomas Pownder and wife at
St. Mary Key, Ipswich ; and Archbishop
Harsnett at Chigwell, Essex ; also an en-
graving of that of Ralph de Knevington,
at Aveley, Essex.
The remainder of Mr. Kemble's disser-
tation on Runes was then read. The
author has confined his attention to the
Runes of the Anglo-Saxons ; as the Scan-
dinavian or Old Norse characters of the
same description are as distinct as the
respective languages, and have been pro-
foundly and successfully treated by the
antiquaries of the north of Europe. The
German runes (which are identical with
the Anglo-Saxon) have been far less for-
tunate ; the only works on the subject
being two treatises by Wilhelm Carl
Grimm, the brother and fellow-labourer
of the learned James Grimm.
The original signification of the word
RCin was mysteriunit a secret, that of the
verb wrltan, now to write, was to cut or
carve ; the stafas were the smooth sticks
on which the runes were cut ; whilst even
the word b6c, book, recalls the beechen
tablets on which they were inscribed.
The invention of runes was attributed
both by Scandinavians and Germans to
Odin or WAden, the Mercurius of the
Romans, and both alike shared a belief in
their magical properties, and employed
them in incantations and the casting of
lots. Even to a late period the same
may be said of the Anglo-Saxons. Chris-
tianity, though it laboured earnestly to
destroy these superstitions, and so suc-
cessfully as to make it difficult now to say
to what extent they prevailed, was yet
unable to eradicate ail traces of their
former existence. As adjuncts of the
Heathen rites, the runes were proscribed
in every part of Europe by the Christian
priesthood, who introduced the Greek or
Latin characters together with, and al-
most as a part of, Christianity. In this view,
the Runes are the indigenous Pagan al-
phabet as contrasted with the Greek
characters introduced by Ulfilas among
the Goths, called Meeso-Gothic ; and the
Latin characters, introduced, probably by
Augustine, into England, and called Anglo-
Saxon (the present use of which, by mo-
dem editors, Mr. Kemble condemns as
useless and troublesome). It is at the
same time undeniable that at the very
earliest period the runes were used in
England for Christian inscriptions. Mr.
Kemble accounts for this by assuming
that the earliest converts were the priests
themselves : they, who knew what the
Runes really were, might have the less
scruple in using them, with or without
the Roman characters.
The Marcomannic Runes mentioned by
Hrabanus Maurus, are identical with
those of the Anglo-Saxons. An Anglo-
Saxon poem, which is printed in Hickes's
Thesaurus, and of which Mr. Kemble
gives a corrected translation, is comme-
morative of the several runes, each stanza
being descriptive of one of them, or rather
of the object of which they partook the
name : they are as follow : Feoh, money ;
Ur, bull ; Thorn, thorn ; Os, mouth ;
Rad, saddle ; Cen, torch ; Gifii, gift ;
Wen, hope ; Hsegl, hail ; Nyd, need ; Is,
ice; Ger, year; Eoh, yew; Peorth, chess-
man ; Eolhx, sedge ; Sigel, sail; Tir, ;
Beorc, birch; Eh, horse; Man, man;
Lagu, water ; Ing, ; Ethel, native
land ; Daeg, day ; Ac, oak ; ^sc, ash ;
Yr, bow; lor, eel (?) ; and Ear, war.
The inscriptions which Mr. Kemble
proceeds to notice are :
1. The gravestones found at Hartle-
pool (engraved in our number for Sep-
tember 1833, and afterwards in the Ar-
chaeologia, vol. XXVI. pi. Ui.) They
exhibit the names of two early Christians,'
Hildithryth and Hilddigyth (in which
latter word one d is redundant).
2. A somewhat similar gravestone found
at Dover, engraved in the Archseologia,
vol. XXV. p. 604. The name is Gial-
heard, and not Gisohtus, as there sug-
gested.
3. The inscription at Bewcastle in
Northumberland. The words are rices
1840;]
Antiquarian Researches.
^gfnm, domini potentis. Something
tinvvfore is lost, or the pillar itself was to
be taken as the iignum. The long in-
Boriiitlon on the pillar at Bewcastle, en-
pmrad in the Archseologia, vol. XIV. is
too nittbh decayed for more to be read
thui the words Cyniburuh and Crist.*
4» The hiscription engraved in Whita-
ker'i Biohmondshire, vol. ii. p. 229.
TUi ii either not Anglo-Saxon, or the
oopf ii too unsatisfactory for Mr. Kemble
to tmit himself to read it.
5. ^nie inscription on the Font at Bride-
kiilc in Cumberland (ArchaH>logia, vol.
XIV. pi. TXT,) This is very difficult,
aad liaB in a great degree to be supplied
from conjecture, by the help of which
Mr« Kemble makes it: Herigar thegn
oiwrohte* UttBl ikegn Irmunricya ge-
Srokt9t '* Heregar the thane wrought it.
Utel Bormanrio's thane [or, qu? Utel
Uie thane, son of Eormanric] brought it.''
6. The Cross at Ruthwell on the Scotish
border. This noble monument is in a
yntj dilapidated state, in consequence of
hafing been thrown down by the puri-
tanical iconoclasts in 1642. Unfortu-
nately, no copy had been previously taken ;
tflid no antiquary or philologist has hi-
tberto given a reasonable account of it.
The attempt was declined both by Hickes
and by William Grimm ; but two adven-
tnrona Danes, Finn Magnusen in Copen-
baceny and Repp in Edinburgh, have
written largely upon it, the former to the
extent of 105 pages. Tliey have both
read the mere letters with tolerable accu-
racy; but from their Scandinavian pre-
possessions and imperfect acquaintance
with Anglo-Saxon and its northern dia-
lects, have been wholly unsuccessful in
ditid^g them into words, and have in-
vented versions of which not the least
fragment can be approved. Mr. Kemble
states that the inscription is in the Anglo-
Saxon dialect which was spoken in North-
umberland in the viiith and ixth cen-
turies, and the fragments of it which
remain contain a few cOuplets of a reli-
gious poem relating to the events repre-
sented in the two principal compartments
of the sculptm'es : viz. the washing of the
Saviour's feet by Mary Magdalene, and
the glorification of Christ through his
passion. One of the four sides contains
these words : ** The powerful King^ the
Lord qf Heaven, I dared not hold. They
reviled tu two^ both together. I stained
* Though this fac-simile was taken
with great care by Henry Howard, esq.
(in 1801), we think it possible that, if
Mr. Kemble himself was to visit the stone,
he might, armed with his knowledge of
the languagci decypher more of it. Edit.
with the pledge qf crime ..." And
begins thus : Q Christ was on the Cr
Ijo! There with speed came from q
nobles to him in misery , H^c. The disb
tation on this interesting monument
the most elaborate and important porti
of Mr. Kemble' s paper ; which he c
eludes with a few observations on the
of Runes in Manuscripts. This is
fined for the most part to MSS. of lato
date, and periods when any paganism ha4
long ceased to be connected with them*
The first and simplest use of them if
where they serve the purpose of a kind of
short hand, the figure of the rune being
written instead of the word which was iti
name. This occurs in the Rushwortb
book, in the Bodleian Library; and in
Beowulf. In two Anglo-Saxon poemi^
they are introduced in a way which haa
led to a very singular discovery. The
first of these poems is that with which
the Vercelli MS. (printed by Mr. Purton
Cooper) concludes. In the course of the
last twenty-eight lines there are eight
runes, which, although they bear a sensOf
still seem to be introduced without much
connection. On putting these together,
as single letters, Mr. Kemble found they
formed the word Cynewulf, which he
concluded to be the name of the author
of the Poems. Recollecting that there
was a very similar passage in the still
more celebrated Codex Elxoniensis (of
which a transcript is deposited in the
British Museum) he proceeded to extract
the runes in the same way from that, and
was much interested to find that they
formed the same name, with the omission
of the letter e ; and in a second passage
he found it perfect as before. This Cyne-
wulf Mr. Kemble believes to have been
the Abbat of Peterborough of that name,
who flourished in the beginning of the
eleventh century, who was accounted in
his own day a very skilful poet, both in
Latin and Anglo-Saxon, but whose works
have hitherto been reputed lost. The re-
markable discovery now made by help of
the mysterious runes, suggests with great
probability that he was the author of
both the Vercelli and the Exeter codices.
Mr. Kemble afterwards notices the use
- of runes in enigmas, with which many
pages of the Exeter codex are occupied.
The following is a specimen :
I saw a SROH
proud of spirit
bright of head
swift over the level plain
strongly run :
he had upon his back
a NAM bold in war,
a studded saddle.
The wide wandering anew
76
Antiquarian Researches.
[Jar*
bore in his course,
strong in his saddle,
a proud kofoah.
The brighter was the passage
the journey of such.
Say what is my name !
The runes are here written from right
to left, SRGH for H0R8 (horse), nam for
MAN (man), anew for wen a (waggoner),
and KOFOAH for uaofok (hawk) ; but
the import of the enigma is not ascer-
tained, though it is supposed to be my-
thological.
The practice of the writer of a book
adding his name in Runic characters, is
not uncommon either at home or abroad ;
and of colophons of this kind Mr. Kemble
produces several examples. He concludes
his paper with an Anglo-Saxon poem on
the virtues of the Paternoster, in which
each Rune is accompanied with its corre-
sponding Roman capitals.
Dec. 12. W. R. HamUton, esq. V.P.
John Matthew Gutch, esq. of Worces-
ter, was elected a Fellow of the Society.
Dr. Bromet, F.S A. presented an im-
pression from the epitaph of Fastradana,
or Fastrada, above printed, together with
some remarks on its history and identity.
It appears that the church of St. Alban,
where the Queen was buried, was burnt
by the Markgrave of Brandenburg in 1552 ;
the stone was re-erected in its present
place at the cathedral by Count John of
Nassau, in 1577. There appears to be
no just reason to doubt the contempora-
neous age of the inscription, which is
characterised by several peculiarities
such as reversed letters, and others of
singular form ; but that the date in Arabic
figures was probably a subsequent addi-
tion, which may well have been the case,
as the year was already expressed in words
in the third line.
Richard Almack, esq. F.S. A. presented
an impression of a seal of the cathedral
church of Lichfield, the matrix of which
is in the possession of a clergyman of Suf-
folk. It is oval, and divided into two
compartments, in the upper of which is
the Virgin and Child, seated ; and in the
lower St. Chad, the episcopal patron of
the church, also seated. Inscription s.
decan' et cap'li eccl'ie s'ce marie
ET S'CI CEDDE LYCHEFELd' AD CAS*. It
is ill engraved, from a defective impression,
in a plate of Shaw's Staffordshire.
Mr. Samuel Birch, of the British Mu-
seum, communicated a description, with a
drawing, of the entrance to an Egyptian
tomb, now at the British Museum, ex-
plaining the figures and hieroglyphic
inscriptions. The stones were iK>ld in
Mr. Salt's collection at Sotheby's in 1836,
when they were described as forty pieces
coming from the pyramids.
Dec. 19. Hudson Gumey, esq. V.P.
John Gage Rokewode, esq. Director,
exhibited an exceedingly beautiful Psalter
of the early part of the fifteenth century,
which was made for that eminent patron
of the calligrapher and artist, John Duke
of Bedford, Regent of France. It is a
rival in point of splendour to the cele-
brated Bedford Missal, which was pur-
chased a few years since at a princely
price by Sir John Tobin of Liverpool.
Of the present MS. the larger illumina-
tions represent various scenes of the life of
David ; and the smaller are generally me-
dallion heads of prophets, priests, &c.
among which have been detected portraits
of Henry IV., Henry V., &c. One pic-
ture is supposed to represent the Corona-
tion of Henry VI. This sumptuous vo-
lume has the same owner (Mr. Weld, of
Lulworth Castlej as the Luttrell Psalter,
which was described last year by Mr.
Rokewode, and has been illustrated by
several plates of the Vetusta Monumenta
recently issued.
Mr. Herbert Smith produced a series
of very accurate and beautiful draw-
ings, executed by commission from the
Society, of some paintings recently
discovered in the Norman church of
Barfreston, Kent, on its being examined
previous to repair. These paintings are
of extreme antiquity, and may be dated
with the utmost probability to the period
of the first erection of the church, the
reign of Henry II. They occur around
the walls of the eastern portion of the
building, and within the deep recesses of
the windows. During the prevalence of
the Norman style, some of the windows
were altered (each being rebuilt on one
side, and the arch elevated) and the paint-
ings were thereby affected, which, inde-
pendently of their character, proves their
very early date. Their style of art is ex-
cellent, resembling the Italian school, and
it is consequently very superior to our
church paintings of a later age. They
arc scarcely paralleled by any English
examples hitherto published, but some of
nearly the same character remain near
the tomb of Bede in the Galilee of Dur-
ham Cathedral.
The reading of Mr. Birch's explanation
of the hieroglyphics of an Egyptian tomb
was continued, but not finished ; and the
meetings of the Society were adjourned
over Christmas to the 9th of January.
\
1840.]
Antiqwaian Researches,
ANAST\8I COLLECTION OF EGYP-
TIAN ANTIQUITIES AT THE BRITISH
MUSEUM.
The coUectioii which was formed by
lor Anastasi, consul in Egypt, and
has lain some time at Leghorn, has at
length heen onpacked. It was purchased
hj the Trustees of the Museum at the
price of 1500/. The principal objects for
which it was acquired were the historical
papyri, which are now in the process of
■nroUingf and which, there is every rea-
son to sappose, were written during the
reign of Menephtah the Second, the
•accessor of Rameses the Great. They
are written in a bold, legible, hieratic
character, and, although deficient in part,
apparently contain a kind of chaunt or
strain in celebration of the victories of
King of Kings ; they record his con-
over the Ethiopians and the Ne-
(, and the divisions (qu. metrical ?)
are indicated by red dots placed over the
tops of the lines- In their tenour they
are analogous to the papyri of M. Sallier,
which have been analysed by M. Salvo -
Itni, although not in so satisfactory a
manner as the importance of the subject
drmands. The value of these historical
papyri was not known to the proprietors
of the collection while it was at Leghorn,
and they were actually given in, although
they are well worth the whole sum paid ;
and the Museum may now boast of being
the first in the world for Egyptian col-
lections ; it possesses the Rosetta Stone,
the Tablet of Abydos, and all the histori-
cal papyri in Europe.
Tlie Anastasi Collection comprises also
two sarcophagi, one of a personage named
Savaksi, a sacerdotal functionary, pro-
bably of Memphis ; and the other of a
high officer of state, athlophoros, &c.
named PihoU; probably made during the
epoch of Rameses the Great : these mo-
numents, with a double calcareous statue
of a man and his wife or sister, in the
best style of Egyptian art, now remain in
the ante-room of the Phigalcian Room.
The other calcareous objects of the col-
lection consist of steles of funereal tablets
of functionaries and individuals, deceased
during the reign of the sixteenth and
seventeenth dynasties, many of them
bearing the names of the monarchs during
whose reign the person died ; among them
are the prenomcns of Osertasen the First,
Osertasen the Second, and the Araon-
emhes. Tliese monuments, which the
visitor easily distinguishes by an archaic
cast of work, were probably excavated
from Abydos when the kings of the six-
teenth and seventeenth dynasties were
driven to Upper Egypt by the irruptions
77
and conquests of the Shepherd races ;
they are supposed to be contemporaneous
to the bondage of the Jews, and they ex-
hibit the purest specimens of Egyptian
art. Some of the steles in bas-relief ma-
nifest a delicacy of execution and a purity
of colouring which approach the effects of
Greek art. They are fresh as from the
hands of yesterday. Many of the func-
tionaries, whose names and offices are now
recovered, were military commandants of
the south, were chancellors (attached to
the signet), attached to the weights and
measures, royal tutors, priests, prophets,
loving their lords, seated in the hearts of
their monarchs ; the eyes of the king, — in
the metaphorical language of their simple
panegyrics ; they are represented seated
with their wives, and receiving offerings
from the hands of their surviving children.
The hieroglyphical inquirer will here find
much food for his researches, as several
of them connect the Enentefs with their
successors, or contemporaries, of the six-
teenth and seventeenth dynasties. The
texts are principally dedications to Osiris,
the lord of Tat and Abydos, and the dei-
ties of that town.
Some of the objects, however, are of
a period more recent, being the works of
the eighteenth dynasty ; and among these,
the most im))ortaut is a magnificent tablet
for an officer of the royal works who
flourished about the epoch of the Pha-
raoh Horus (Haremhbai). This stands
about seven feet high, and is dedicated to
Ra and Thoth. The style, though far
inferior to the earlier works, exhibits
much of the richness which characterises
the florid and magnificent period of the
great Rameses, who was the Louis XIV. of
the Egyptian race. Together with this
are two sides of the entrance of a tomb
belonging to the same functionary, and
filled with his pompous titles, and ad-
dresses of adoration to Osiris.
Tlie next objects that attract the at-
tention are the mummies : these, how-
ever, are not so remarkable as to deserve
a specific notice; while, among the
smaller objects, some rank high on ac-
count of material, execution, and device.
A small silver figure of Nofre Thmou, or
Nofre Thorn, may be instanced ; a small
bronze statue of a Pharaoh, magnificently
inlaid with silver ; an ivory box carved in
the form of a goose, which has just caught
a fish, and passes it over to two goslings,
eagerly flying across its back to catch it ;
the model of a house in stone ; four cy-
lindrical lead vases from the isle of Delos,
with covers ; and the usual proportion of
alabaster, porcelain, and other objects.
78
JtUiquarvan Researches.
[Jan.
BARROW AT TH0RNB0R0U6H, BUCKS.
On a farm belonging to the Duke of
Buckingham and Chandos, near Thorn-
borough Field, Buckst there are two an-
cient Barrows, one of which has recently
been opened under the directions of his
Grace, by the labour of a dozen men in
about ten days, it being above twenty feet
high, and nearly forty across. The exca-
vation was commenced by cutting a trench
right down the centre ; and by this opera-
tion it appeared that the barrow was com-
posed of alternate layers of clay, sand,
and mould, which continued until the
trench was cut down to the original level
of the ground. On reaching this, a large
and long layer of rough limestone pre-
sented itself, on which were found vanous
bronze ornaments in an excellent state of
preservation. Amongst them was a very
curious lamp, beautihidly shaped, formed
of bronze, and totally dUSferent in pattern
to any hitherto discovered — and so per-
fect, and taken up with such care, that
the wick was actually to be seen in the
lamp. Two large and elegant bronze
vases, a large dish, a bowl, and the hilt
of a sword were also taken out without
damage, as well as a small ornament of
purest gold, with the figure of a Cupid
most elaborately and elegantly chased
upon it. A large glass vessel covered
over with a thick piece of oaken planking
was also discovered, but, owing to the
weight of the superincumbent earth, it
was cracked and broken, but not so
much so but that within it were detected
the ashes and fragments of the bones of
the individual whose remains had been in-
terred. These curious relics are all taken
to Stowe House, the seat of His Grace
the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos,
to be placed in the Museum, by the side
of other Roman remains, which were
found some months ago at a Roman
villa within a mile of these magnificent
sepulchral mounds. The site of these
Barrows is near a bridge, where formerly
was a ford ; and rows of skeletons have
been repeatedly dug up near the spot,
indicating that some battle had been
fought there. Bishop Kennet, in his Pa-
rochial Antiquities, tells us that the Ro-
mans under Aulus Plautius, having driven
the Britons out of Oxfordshire into Bucks,
had a severe engagement with them on
the Ouze^ at or near Buckingham, when
the latter were defeated under the two
sons of Cunobelin. This spot, bemg within
a mile and a half of Buckingham, was pro-
bably the scene of the battle, and the two
barrows monuments raised by the Romans
over two of their lost generals. The
other Barrow is within 100 yards of the
one which baa been recently explored,
and will probably be cut through when
the weather becomes more favourable for
such operations.
ANCIENT CANNON, &C.
Some ancient guns and a variety of
other objects have been found buried in
the sand and clay on the western shore of
the island of Wolney, Lancashire, at a
place only accessible at low water. A
tradition has existed in the island for se-
veral centuries, that a vessel was wrecked
at this place, and there are very old men
there who say they have seen consider-
able fragments of this wreck. A number
of men were employed by CD. Arch-
bold, esq. to dig for the remains of the
vessel, but nothing more than a few de-
cayed planks, timbers, and pieces of iron,
were found. The longest of the guns was
quite perfect when first discovered. It
measured 10 feet in length, the breech
was in the centre^ and it must have been
fired both ways ; it had two rings near
the muzzles, by which it was slung : this
gun is formed of thick plates of iron,
hooped. No. 2 is a culverin, quite per-
fect, with rings, and formed of bars of
wrought iron, hooped together. Nos. 3
and 4 are chambers for guns, and sup-
posed to have been charged with powder ;
they are of wrought iron, and, in the l;i-
fancy of cannon, were placed in the gun
near the breech, and the exploding of
their charge drove out the shot, which
was placed nearer the muzzle of the gun.
All these guns are of wrought or ham-
mered iron, have no trunnions or cosca-
bel, and the rings with which they are
provided were to allow them to be slung
with ropes when fired, which shows that
gun carriages were not in use at that time.
At the same place other guns have been
found — one six to seven feet long, and
three inches calibre, with a strong iron
handle running along the top side firom
breech to muzzle ; inside it was a mi«
niature gun, probably a chamber. The
large gun was found highly charged ¥rith
gunpowder, and the oakum wadding was
quite sound. In all about 20 guns have
been discovered, and a great number of
stone balls, made chiefly of a close-grained
granite, about B or l^lbs. weight each;
an 18lb. shot of hammered iron, and
some small ones cast, which are enve-
loped in lead. A pair of compasses of
bronze, of very antique fashion; some
old swords, a buckle, and a number of
other articles, were turned up during the
excavation. About two miles from this
spot, eastward, is Peel Castle, built by
the monks of Fumess, in the reign of
Stephen. Here Lambert Simnel laoded,
A.D. 1467, with his forces from Irdand,
1S40.]
AnHprnifian Bnearahei:
79
eoBSMuided by MarUn Swarti and 6e-
rmldiBe» who were joined by Sir T.
Brcmgbton, a man of great wealth and
inflaence in this country. It has been
tsppoted that a reaael of the armament
was wrecked here. Others suppose it
bdongi to an earlier age— perhaps one of
the ships that accompanied Richard II.
m his kst expedition to Ireland. In the
third year of his reign (1379) a disaster
happened in these seas: the fleet and
army under Sir John Arundel, bound for
Britany, were driyen into the Irish Sea ;
S6 Tessels were lost, with the commander
and 1000 men. Others suppose it was
a supply of ordnance from Louis XI.
who was a great gun maker, to the King
of Scotland, and he might prefer the ves-
sel stealing quietly up the Irish Channel
to the Clyde, as safer than the Eastern
Channel. These curious remains are to
he placed in the repository at Woolwich.
mOMAV IN80KIPTION8 AT LINCOLN.
In tlie Mechanics' Institution is depo-
sited a Roman tablet, discovered on the
site of the houses lately built opposite the
dty gaol. The inscription was probably
nerer completed, but the following read-
ing is suggested : —
LftirtO SEMPRONI FLA
VlNI MIL(i;T(t)S LEG Villi
' ALAVD(a-) \{ulit) SEVERI
AER(am) VII AN(n)OR(ttm) XXX
ISPANIC(fl) ALERIA
CIV(i7fl#) MA(/mia).
(The tomb) of Lucius Sempronius Fla-
vinius, a soldier of the ninth legion —
QuKStor of the Alauda of Julias Severus
—of seven campaigns (&) of 30 years (of
age}— Aleria of Spain (was) his native
The character before ALAUD is like
the inverted q, our note of interrogation
— assuming it to be q, it may be read
puutoris or quadratep. The Legio quad-
rmtM consisted of 4000 men. — Vide Rosini.
Antiq,
Alauda (lark), a name given to legions,
the soldiers of which wore tufted helmets,
supposed to resemble the crest of the lark.
JSrum — Stipends — from (Ps brass or
money of any description — the stipendiary
soldiers were Milite* yErati^ and were
paid at the end of the campaign by the
treasurer, or Quo'ttor Airariua.
Julius Severus was a governor of Bri-
tain under Hadrian.
CIV MA — Qm/ — •' CAUBA JUSTI
ICANIBUR.**?
In the same are also casts of the two
following : —
Cast of a Ublet found on the premises
•I the AldensMi Colton^ n>POittt Um
city gaol, now in the possession of Col.
Sibthorp, M.P.
DOMO
CLAVDIAE
CRISIDI
VIXIT
AN(n)0(*) LXXX
HEREDES
P O
" To Crisis (who) lived ninety years in
the house of Claudia, her heirs placed
(this monument)."
Cast of a tablet in the cloister of Lin-
coln cathedral : —
DIS MANIBVS
FL(atrtttt) HELIVS NATI
ONE GRECVS VI
XIT ANNOS XXXX
FL(flt;ia) INGENVA CO
NIVGI POSVIT.
** To the gods of the sbades below.
Flavins Helius, by birth a Greek, lived
40 years. — The noble Flavia placed (this
tablet) to (the memory) of her husband.'*
— Lincoln Gazette,
ANCIENT SHIP AT M0UNT*8 BAY.
The discovery of the hull of a vessel
imbedded in the beach near Newlyn,
Mount's Bay, has caused much curiosity.
She was about 50 tons, flat-bottomed,
clinker-built, of oak, 30 feet long. Her
ribs were only four inches apart, and suf-
ficiently strong for a vessel double her
size. There were marks of nails, but not
a bit of iron was found ; from which it
would seem that wood, when shut up
from the air, is the most durable. The
vessel appears to have been in ballast
when lost. Two ancient coins were found
on board, one of which bears the inscrip*
tion ** Ave Maria," but without date,
and resembles the coins or counters of
the fourteenth century.
DISCOVERY OF COINS.
Some workmen lately employed in
lowering a hill near the house in the oc-
cupation of Mr. Hyland, gardener to the
Earl of Sandwich, on his lordship's es-
tate, at Brampton, near Huntingdon, dis-
covered an earthern pot, containing 454
silver pieces, being half-crowns, shillings,
and sixpences of the reigns of Elisabeth,
James, and Charles. The vessel, on ex*
posure, almost immediately fell into dust.
The collection was handed over to the
Earl of Sandwich, and is supposed to be
worth 30/. in old silver. Application has
been made to his Lordship, on behalf of
the Numismatic Society, for permission
to investigate this collection before it is
dispersed, as it is very possible that in so
large a mass many rare, and perhaps
hitherto nnpublished, types and rtrietiet
80
Antiquarian Researches. -^Historical Chronicle,
[Jan.
A friend trarelling through Belgium
and the Rhenish provinces of Prussia,
states, that there is every where ma-
nifest a desire to repair the beautiful
Gothic structures so richly scattered over
these countries. The Prussian Govern-
ment has consented to appropriate a sum
of money annually towards the building,
or rather, for the amount is too small for
any other purpose, the preservation of
that unique gem the Cathedral at Co»
logne. At Brussels and Antwerp work-
men are employed in renewing the exte-
rior ornaments of the cathedrals. At
Louvaine, the Hotel de Ville is under
repair. At Liege, the interior of the
principal church (St. Lambert) is about
to be repaired, the frescoes, hitherto
concealed by whitewash, to be revealed,
and the beautiful roof to be revived and
re-gilt. The stone at Cologne and Lou-
vaine is steeped in boiling oil before it is
put up, in order the better to withstand
the influence of the weather*
HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.
FOREIGN NEWS.
SPAIN.
Cabrera still maintains his positions,
unassailed if not unassailable. Espartero
has betrayed no anxiety to hazard the issue
of a general engagement. Some trifling
rencontres have taken place, in which both
sides have laid claim to success : but the
season is now so far advanced that further
operations on a large scale are scarcely to
be looked for.
PORTUGAL.
The ministry of the Baron de Sabrosu
was abruptly dismissed by the Queen on
the 25th of November. The persons
' lamed to succeed them are : Count Bom-
fim, President of the Council and War
Minister, and ad interim in charge of the
portefeuilles of Marine and Foreign Af-
fairs. Viscount Carreira, Foreign Affairs,
(at present in France). Count Villa Real,
JVIarine(now in France). Florido P. Fer-
raz. Finance (formerly Administrator Ge-
neral of the Customs^. Costa Cabral,
Justice rChief of the Police on the occa-
sion of the arsenal revolt, in 1838). Fon-
seca Magalhaes, Interior. Of these Count
Bomfim and Costa Cabral belong to that
section of the Sepcembrist party designat-
ed by the name of Ordeiros. The four
others are all Charterists or Moderados.
The new ministry seems likely to stand
its ground. Their honourable determi.
nation to maintain, to the utmost of their
power, the good faith of the country, by
prompt liquidation of all claims upon the
treasury, without favour or litigation,
whether the national creditors are foreign
or domestic, augurs well for their popu«
larity and stability.
SWITZERLAND.
A revolution has taken place in the
Canton of Tidno. The immediate cause
of the insurrection is said to have been
the arrest of a workman of Lugano : but
the government was preYiously unpopu-
10
lar, from its adoption of harsh measures
towards several citizens of the liberal party.
The populace rose en nuuaet and over-
threw the cantonal government without a
drop of blood being shed. Both the fort
and the arsenal were given up to the citi-
zens, and a provisional government was
installed. It remains to be seen whether
the dread of the armed intervention of
Austria will put down this revolutionary
movement with equal facility. An ex-
tensive scheme for the regeneration of
Italy is in agitation in the southern and
central states of that peninsula, but
France backs Austria in her wishes to •
coerce these very troublesome republican
neighbours. She is now sending out two
squadrons of observation to cruise off the
opposite coasts of Italy, the one to An-
cona, and the other to Civita Vecchia.
AFRICA.
The French colony in Algeria has late-
ly received a severe shock, not merely
from being thinned by the ravages of
disease, but from the hostile inroads of
the Arab chief, the Emir Abd-el-Kadir,
who has sent circular missives to the
heads of the various Mahometan hordes
in the vicinity of the settlement, to ex-
cite a holy war against the Christian dogs,
and to drive them out of Africa. In
furtherance of this design, he entered the
French province with fire and sword ;
and having found them off their guard, as
it would seem, from contempt of the foe
they had to contend against, he surprised
some of their outposts, and cut off several
of their detachments. Marshal Vallee
has applied for 10,(XX) additional troops,
to enable him to maintain his ground ;
but preparations are making for sending
out a much larger force than even his
public despatches call for.
INDIA.
The fort of Joudpore, in Rajpoolana,
surrendered to the British on the Slst of
\
J 840.]
Dominic Occurrence.
81
Scptemb^, tnd that of Kurnaul, in the
Deccui, oo the 6th of October, without
a shot beiog fired. A few days after 6e.
neiml WiUshire determined to attack the
cunp of the Rajah, at about three miles
diatance, and if possible secure his per-
son. This attack ended in the total rout
of the enemy, but the Rajah escaped.
Very large military stores have been
foond in Kumaul, and treasure amounting
to nearly 1,000,000/. sterling.. In the
camp was captured an immense quantity
of jewels, and 150,000/. in specie. The
British lost several officers, among whom
were Col. Wright and Lieut. Yates of
the Skh reft, and Lieut White of the
(Queen's) 39th foot. The Shah of Per.
sia has consented to acknowledge Shah
Soonah as Kin^ of Afghanistan. Dost
Mahomed is still at large. No doubt ex<
jsts of Uie organization of a widely rami.
fied conspiracy amon^ the native chiefs
to rise against the British, in case the ex.
pedition to Afj^hanistan had failed. Dis.
turfaances are bkely to arise from the un.
popularity of the son and successor of
Huojeet Singh.
JAMAICA.
The new Governor of Jamaicfl, Si""
Charles T. Metcalfe, has met the House
of Assembly of that Island. The Go.
vemor's opening speech was unreserved
and conciliatory ; the address of the House
in reply was expressive of gratitude and
confidence. Both parties, it is to be
hoped, will for the future act dispassion.
ately, and take a subdued and temperate
view of the differences which have so
lately agitated and distracted the colony.
AMEaiCA.
The yellow fever has been this year
uncommonly severe in Mobile and New
Orleans. But lately a more dreadful ene-
my has appeared. A secret conclave of
incendianes, for reasons unknown, al.
though a revenge, dark and mysterious,
is supposed to be the object, has, within
three weeks, twelve times fired the city
of Mobile. A superb bank, the post
office, a theatre, and several handsome
hotels, and some hundred houses, have
been destroyed, but no traces of the cul*
prits could be found.
DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES.
New Churches.
In addition to the many New Churches,
the recent completion of which we have
BOticed in our two last numbers, we have
now to record the following :
A new church at Speen, near Newbury,
Berks, which has been erected and en-
dowed by the vicar, the Rev. M. H. Ma-
joidie. The communion service and or.
gan, both presented by Mr. Majendie, are
associated with the honoured name of
the late Bishop of Bangor (Dr. Majen.
Se), having been in his possession many
years.
The chapel erected at Marihallt Che-
shire, has been consecrated by the Bishop
of Chester. It is dedicated to All Saints,
and has been erected at the cost of about
4^. of which 100/. was given by the
Cheshire Rural Chapel Society, which
giTes, also, 10/. a*year towards the minis-
ter's stipend. This chapel is erected on
ground given by Wilbrahum Egerton, esq.
who, besides subscribing liberally towards
the boilding.fund, endows it with 501.
yearly, therebv having the right of pre.
sentation. The edifice is a plain fabric
of brick, computed to accommodate 300
persons, including about 100 free sittings.
The Rev. R. D. Thomas, late CbapUin
Gent, Mag. Vol. XIII.
to the House of Correction at Knutsford,
is now Perpetual Curate of Marthall.
A small episcopal chapel has been
opened in Avon-street, Bath; and by
the bounty of a private individual, and
other means, a permanent provision of
150/. per annum will be made for the
support of a minister.
Oct. 9. St. Paul's, Stalyhridge, in the
parish of Mottram, Cheshire, was duly
consecrated by the Lord Bishop of Ches.
ter. The Earl of Stamford and Warring-
ton, in addition to the five acres occupied
by the church and burial-ground, has ge-
nerously given 10,000 yards of land, on
which to erect a school and parsonage-
house.
Oct. 10. A chapel of ease at Lower
Heeding, in Tilgate Forest, Sussex, re-
ceived consecration. It is in the Early
English style, and contains more than
200 sittings.
Oct. 12. The newchurch recently erect-
ed in Tonge, near Middleton,by (>arliamen.
tary grant and local contributions, was
consecrated by the Bishop of Chester, as-
sisted by the Rev. T. Blackbuni, A.M.
Rector of Prestwich, and patron of the
Curacy of Tonge. The edifice is situated
on an eminence not far from the centre
of the township, and commands several
M
82
Domestic Occurrences.
[Jan.
pleasing views ; it is of brick, surmounted
by stone pinnacles; the windows are lan-
cet-shaped, and the style is Earl^ En-
glish. The dedication is to St. Michael.
Oct, 15. Two events of importance
took place in the improving and pros-
perous town of St. Helen's, Lancashire,
the consecration of a new church and
the opening of a new town hall. The
buildings reflect high credit on the archi-
tects, Messrs. A. and G. Williams, of
Liverpool, and Mr. W. Morison, Tox-
teth.park. The town ball is situated in
the new market-place, a handsome square,
around which good and respectable houses
are either built or in course of erec-
tion. The contract for the building
amounted to 3000/. Mr. Morison being
the contractor. The funds were raised
by subscription. The church is an edi-
fice of a peculiarly pleasing appearance.
It is built at the sole cost of Peter
Greenall, esq. who has also liberally en-
dowed it, and erected a school adjoining
it, and is about to build a parsonage house
for the incumbent It is in the Early
English style, and in the form of a Latin
cross. The contract for the church was
about 3500/. It is furnished with altar
service of silver, books, and other requi-
sites, by Mr. Greenall.
Nov, 5. The pretty little church of
Glynn Taffy Newbridge, was consecrated
by the Lord Bishop of Llandaff. The
parish of Eglwysillan is very extensive,
and the population much increased bv
the various tin and other works, which
during the last few years have been esta-
blished in the neighbourhood. Sir Benja-
min Hall conveyed part of a field called
Caergove for the site ; and by voluntary
contributions a church has been built 90
feet long and 40 wide, capable of accom-
modating 1000 persons. The Hon. K.
H. Clive and John Bruce Pryce, esq.
have given 400/. for its endowment.
Nov, 8. A commodious chapel of ease
at Hersham, in the parish of Walton -on-
Thames, dedicated to the Holy Trinity,
was consecrated by the Lord Bishop of
Winchester. It has been raised by sub-
scription, at the cost of about 1800/. to-
wards which 500/. was contributed by the
Diocesan Church Building Society, and
250/. by the Incorporated Soicety for
Building and Repairing Churches, &c.
The site was given by Mr. Wm. Holmes,
of Hersham ; and Sir Henry Fletcher,
Bart, of Ashley-park, has endowed the
chapel with 1000/. It is built in the
Norman style, affording 472 sittings, of
which 236 are free.
Nov, 25. All Saints' Church, Mile
End NetP Town, built and endowed by
the Metropolis Churches' Fund, was con-
secrated by the Bishop of London. It in
executed in brickwork, with stone dress-
ings ; the design is in the Norman style,
by Mr. T. L. Walker, and has been
already noticed in our Number for last
August, p. 177. The timbers of the
trusses of the roof and galleries are in
sight, which tends to give a great appear-
ance of lightness to the interior, without
detracting from that of solidity peculiar
to the stylp. The Rev. Henry Taylor,
B.C.L. one of the domestic Chaplains to
the Earl of Powis, and late Curate of
Christ Church, St. Marylebone, has been
nominated to the ministry of this densely
populated hamlet, which has hitherto
formed part of the extensive parish of
Stepney. There are sittings for upwards
of 1100 persons, the greater part of which
are free. Messrs. Hanbury, Buxton, and
Co. the eminent brewers, whose pre-
mises adjoin Spicer* street, have liberally
subscribed 200 guineas towards the build-
ing, and a like sum towards the endow-
ment
Nov, 27. The church near Tredegar-
square. Mile-end f was consecrated by the
Bishop of London. The ground on
which the church is built, and a sufficient
space for a burial ground, -was given by
Sir Charles Morgan, Bart, and his tenant,
Andrew Reed, esq. and the altar and pul-
pit fittings, the books and communion
plate, were presented by the worthy
baronet.
Canterbury Cathedral. The north-west
tower of this venerable pile bus recently
been rebuilt, in a style corresponding to
the south-west tower, by the Dean and
Chapter, at the expense of 30,000/. The
whole of the stone required has been pro-
cured from Caen in Normandy, from the
very quarry which supplied that originally
employed to build the cathedral ; and for
some time past three hundred tons have
been regularly imported into Whitstable
every week, from whence it was conveyed
by railway to Canterbury. The interior
of the cathedral has teen completely
cleaned, and is now just as fresh as if it
had been recently built. The vaulted
roof, with the shields of arms in their
proper heraldic colours, and with many
of the bosses gilt, has a very splendid
appearance. The tombs are also being
thoroughly cleaned; and the sumptuous
monument to Archbishop Chichele has
been redecorated and restored by the Mas^
ter and Fellows of AU Souls.
83
■ * '
PROMOTIONS, PREFERMENTS, &c.
Gazette Promotions.
Nov, 28. George Wing^ove Cooke, of the
Inner Temple, esq. Bamster-at-Law, to be an
Assistant lithe Ck)nimissioner.
Nov. 99. 77th foot, Capt. J. P. Xelley to ba
MiJor.— Brevet Capt. J. H. Bainbriege, Fort
BlMor and Adjutant of Guernsey, to be Major
in tlie Army.
Nov. ao. Robert Page, of Charlton House,
Somerset, esq. to be an Assistant Tithe Com-
missioner.
Dec. 3. Royal Artillery, brevet Col. Sir R.
Gardiner, K.C.B. to be Col. ; brevet Lieut.-
CoL W. Wylde to be Lieut.-Colonel.
Dec. 4. The Right Hon. Thomas Erskine,
Justice of the Common Pleas ; Joshua Evans.
J. S. M. de G. de Fonblanque, and Edward
Holroyd, esqs. three of the Commissioners of
the Court of Bankruptcy ; William John Law,
esq. one of the Commissioners of the Court
for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors ; and Wm.
Crawford/Wynn Ellis, Benjamin Hawes the
younger, Thomas Alers Hankey, George Carr
Glyn, and John Horsley Palmer^ esqs. to be
Her Majesty's Commissioners to inquire into
the present state of the laws relating to bank-
rupts and insolvent debtors, and the adminis-
tration thereof, and whether it be expedient to
make any alteration therein.
Dec. 5. Lieut.-Gen. Sir John Colborne,
G.C.B. created Baron Seaton, of Seaton, co.
Devon.— The Marquess of Breadalbane to be
Lieutenant and Sheriff Principal of the shire
of Argyll.
Dee. 6. 1st West India Reg. Lieut.-Gen. Sir
W. Nicolay to be Col. ^To oe Majors in the
Army, Capt. G. Duff, 93d foot ; Capt. R. Stack,
45th foot.— Charles Thompson, of Hare-court,
Teinnle, esq. Barrister-at-Law, to be an Assist-
ant Tithe Commissioner.
Dec. 9. Knighted, Thomas Phillips, escj.
late Mayor of S'ewport, co. Monmouth.— Col.
Sir Alex. Anderson, Knt. and C.B. to accept
the insignia of a Knight Commander of the
Portuguese Order of St. Bento d'Avis, con-
ferred for his conduct in the Peninsular War,
when serving in her Most Faithful Majesty's
army, as Colonel of the 11th foot ; Col. G. W.
Paty, C.B. and K.H. to accept the same in-
signiaiConferred for his conduct in the Penin-
sular War, particularly at the siege of Badajos.
Dec. 11. George Lord Auckland, G.C.B.
created Baron Eden, of Norwood, co. Surrey,
and Earl of Auckland; Lieut.-Gen. Sir John
Keane, G.C.B. created Baron Keaue, of Ghuz-
nee, in Affghanistan, and Cappoquin, co.
Waterford.— To be Baronets or the United
Kingdom, William Hay Macnaghten, esq. of
the Civil Service of the East India Company,
on the Bengal Establishment, Envoy and
Minister from the government of India to his
Majesty Shah Shooja-ool Moolk ; and Colonel
Henry Pottinger, in the service of the East
India Company, on the Bombay Establish-
ment, Political Resident in Cutch.— Knighted,
by patent, Lieut. -Col. Claude Martine Wade,
of the Military Service of the East India
Company, on the Bengal Establishment, Poli-
tical Resident at Loodiana.
Dec. 13. 2nd Drag. Guards, Capt. H. W,
CharltODi to be Major. ---Srd Light Dragoons,
Major Michael Wliite to be Lieut.-Colowl t
Capt. G. A. Malcolm to be Miyor.— 16th Ugkt
Dragoons, Miyor C. R. Cureton to be lient^
Colonel ; Capt. A. C. Lowe to be Major.— Stad
foot, Capt. H. S. Davis to be Major.- Brevet (to
be dated SSrd July 1839)— Col. R. H. Sale, Uth
foot, to have the local rank of Major-Gencnl
in Affghanistan ;— To be Lieutenant-Colon^
in the Army, Majors C. R. Cureton^lCth Dragm,
John Pennycuick, 17th Foot,£dw. T. TronflOn»
13th Foot, F. D. Daly, 4th Light Drag., Rich.
Carruthers, 2nd Foot, and G. J. ArDowcD,
16th Light Drag. ;— To be Maiors in the ArmT.
Captains James Kershaw, 13th Foot, and T. S»
Powell, 40th Foot ;— To be Lieut. -Colonels fai
the East Indies only. Minors James Kdth*
Bombay N. Inf. (Deputy Ac^utant-gen.), James
Maclaren, Bengal N. inf., Peter L. Pew, Ben-
gal Art., James D. Parsons, Bengal N. Inf^
(Deputy Commissary-gen.), George Warren,
Bengal Eur. Reg., C. M. Wade, Bengal N. Inf.»
H. F. Salter, Bengal Cav., David Cuninghame*
Bombay Cav. ;— To be Majors in the East
Indies only. Captains Neil Campbell. Bombay
N. Inf. (Deputy Quartermaster-gen.), Geoi^
Thomson, Bengal Engineers, William Garden,
liengal N. Inf. (Deputy Quartermaster-gen.)]»
John Hay, Bengal N. Inf., John Lloyd, Bom-
bay Art., Patrick Craigie, Bengal N. Inf. (De-
puty Adjutant-gen.), Alex. C. Peat, Bombay
Eng., William Alexander, Bengal Cavalry; —
To nave the local rank of Major in Affghanis-
tan, Lieut. Eldred Pottinjger, Bombay Art. —
The liOrds of the Committee of Council on
Education, have appointed the Rev. John
Allen, M.A., and Seymour Tremenheere, esq.
barrister-at-law, as inspectors of schools to
be aided by public grants. (Salaries three
guineas per uay each, out of town, and two
guineas per day in town ; their travelling
expenses to be allowed in addition).
Dec. 14. Royal Artillery, brevet Major C. E.
Gordon to be Lieut.-Col.
Dec. 16 William Newton, of Wath cottage,
Pickering, co. York, cs(i. in compliance with
the will of George Watson, of Old Malton
abbey, esq. to take the name and arms of Wat-
son only.
Dec. 19. William Ogle Carr, esq, to be
Second Puisne Judge of Ceylon, and James
Stark, esq. to be her Majesty's Advocate in
Ceylon. — John Nightingale, eaq. to be one of
her Majesty's lion. Corps of Gentlemen at
Anns.
Dec. 20. Col. Thomas Willshire, command-
ing the Bombay troops, with the rank of
Major-Gen. in India; Col. Joseph Thackwell,
commanding the Cavalry, with the rank of
Major-Gen. m India ; and Col. R. H. Sale, com-
manding the 13th Drag, with the rank of Major"
General in Affghanistan, to be Knights Com-
manders of the Bath. — To be Companions of
the Bath : — Lieut.-Colonels John Scott, 4th
Light Drag. ; William Persse, 16th Lancers ;
Wm. Croker, 17th Foot ; Ronald Macdonald,
4th Foot, Deputy Adjutant-gen. Bombay ; Abr.
Roberts, Bengal N. inf.; Thomas Stevenson,
Bombay Art. ; Thos. Monteath, N. Inf. ; H. M.
Wheeler, Bengal N. Inf. ; C. M. Carniichael
Smyth, Bengal N. Cav. ; Benthani Sandwith,
Bombay N. Cav. ; Foster Stalker, Bombay N.
Inf.} and Claude Martine Wade, Bengal N.Inf. ;
84
PrefermefUi and Births.
[Jan.
Major Georare Thomson, Bengal Enr. ; and
Major Eldred Pottineer, Bombay Art.— Staff,
Brevet Major S. R. Warran, of the 66th Foot,
to be Deputy Quartermaster-gen. to the Tlroops
serving in Jamaica, with the rank of Lieut.-
Col. in the Army.
Dee. 21. Lord Kinnaird to be Master of
Her M^estv^s Buck Hounds.
Dee. W. Henry V. Huntley, esq. Capt. R.N.
to be Lieut.-Governor of Her Majesty's set-
tlements on the Gamoia.
Civil Preferments.
Naval Appointments.
detains J. W. Montague, to the Britannia ;
Horatio Thomas Austin, to the Cyclops.—
Commander Chas. A. Barlow, to the Nimrod.
Ecclesiastical Preferments.
Rev. M. 6. Beresford to be Archdeacon of
Ardagh.
Rev. J . wilberforce to be Archdeacon of Surrey.
Rev. T. D. Moore to be Prebendary of Kingua-
lor and Athnowen R. Ireland.
Rev. C. Ackland, Queenborough P.C. Kent.
Rev. £. Allen, Keinton Mansfield R. Som.
Rev. L. F. Bagot, Castle Rising cum Roydon
R. Norfolk.
Rev. R. H . D. Barham, Lolworth R. Camb.
Rev. J C. Bellingham, Aldsworth P.C. Glouc.
Rev. B. Bennet, St. John's, Chiltlehampton,
P.C. Devon.
Rev. J. Birch, Crossens P.C. Lane.
Rev. W. S. H. Braham, St. George and St.
Mary Magdalen R. Canterbury.
Rev. A. Broadley, Walditch P.C.
Rev. J. M. Brown, Isham Inferior R. Nthpn.
Rev. J. Charnock, Aldfield P.C. York.
Rev. J. M. Cholmeley, Lower Breeding P.C.
Sussex.
Rev. C. S. Coxwell, East Chinnock R. Som.
Rev. James Davies, Chilworth P.C. Hants.
Rev. John Davies, Gateshead R. Durham.
Rev. R. B. Davies, Accrington P.C. Lane.
Rev. T. Davis, Roundhay PC. York.
Rev. W. H. Dearsley, Horton P.C. Stafford.
Rev. F. Duncan, West Clieborough R. Dorset.
Rev. F. F. Fawkes, Great and Little Hampton
P.C. Wore.
Rev. Yate Fosbroke, St. Ives V. Huntingd.
Rev. C. W. Gibson, St. Clement's V. Cornw.
Rev. J. H. Harding, Child's Wickham V.
Gloucestershire.
Rev. H. Hardinge, Woodbridge P.C. Suffolk.
Rev. C. Hatch, Fordingbridge V. Hants.
Rev. J. Hill, Barlby P.C.York.
Rev. H. Hughes, St. John's, Clerkenwell R.
Rev. R. R. Hughes, Kemmerton V. Glouc.
Rev. W. Hurst, Boylstone R. Derbyshire.
Rev. H. A. Jeffreys, Hawkhurst V. Kent.
Rev. R. Kent, Disley P.C. Cheshire.
Rev. W. F. Kerr, Marston Sicca R. Glouc.
Rev. R. R. Knott. Helidon V. Nthpn.
Rev. R. W. Lambert, Fifehed and Sewell V.
Somersetshire.
Rev. J. T. Maine, Harrington R. Line.
Rev. P. Maitland, St. Peter's, Blackburn P.C.
Lancashire.
Rev. J. B. Reade, Stone V. Bucks.
Rev. H. Taylor, All Saints P.C. Stepney.
Rev. T. Twisden, East Allington R. Devon.
Rev. W. Vincent, Steventon V. Berks.
Rev. J. White, St. Andrew cum St. Edmund R.
Canterbury.
Rev. R. N. Whittaker, Whalley V. Unc.
Chaplains.
Rev. J. R. Page to be Chaplain and Professor
of English Literature to the College for
Civil Engineers.
Rev. J. Sinclair to the Bishop of Londo*^
Daniel Whittle Harvey, esq. of Raleigh-house,
Brixton, to be Commissioner of the Police
Force of the City of London and Liberties
thereof.
Charles Harwood, esq. to be Recorder of
Shrewsbury.
Rev. W. Cockcroft to be Head Master of Knats-
ford School.
Edw. Elder, M.A. to be Head Master of Dur^
ham Grammar School.
Rev. G. Gray to be Professor of Oriental Um-
guages in the University of Glasgow.
Mr. w. A. Graham to be Secretary to the
Society of Arts (having received ninety-six
votes, only two above his competitor Mr.
Williams, the Secretary of the Mathematical
Society).
BIRTHS.
Oct. 27. At Ganton, the Hon. Lady Legard,
a dau.
Nov. 6. At Corfu, the wife of the Hon. Lt.-
Col. Ellis, 60th Rifles, a dau. 8. At Cam-
bridge, the wife of Ambrose W. Hall, esq. of
St. Peter's college, a dau. 9. At Dublin,
the lady of Sir Beresford B. M*Mahon, Bart, a
son and heir. U. At St. John's House, Isle
of Wight, the wife of the Rev. Chas. Worsley,
a son. 15. The wife of the Hon. W. E. Fitx-
maurice, 2nd Life Guards, a son. 16. At
Dorchester, the wife of Lieut.-Col. Vandeleur,
10th Hussars, a son. 17. At Salisbury, the
wife of Johu Mills, esq. of Bisteme, a son.
20. At Mitcham, the wife of G. C. Glynn, esq.
a son. At the house of her father. Joshua
Bates, esq. in Portland -place, the wife of Mr.
Van de Weyer, the Belgian minister, a son.
21. At Fulmer-place, Bucks, the wife of Henry
Waterton, esq. a son. 22. At Cheltenham,
the wife of the Rev. John Byron, a dau.
24. At Naples, Lady De Tabley, a dau. At
Credenhill Court, Herefordshire, the wife of
J. E. Eckley, esq. a dau. ^The wife of the
Rev. F. J. Courtenay, Rector of North Bovev,
Devon, a son. 25. At Cambridge, the wife
of the Rev. W. Hodgson, D.D. Master of St.
Peter's college, a son and heir. ^26. In
Upper Harley st. the wife of E. J. Rudrc,esq.
a son. 28. At the Bury. Chesham, Bucks,
the wife of William Lowndes, esq. a dau.
At Sandwell, Staff., the Countess of Dart-
mouth, a son. 30. At Montreal, Kent, Vis-
countess Holmesdale, a son.
Laiely. At Bray, the wife of the Hon.
Coote Hely Hutchinson, Capt. R.N., a son.
At Buckland Cottage, the wife of H. St.
John Medley, esq. a son. At Ham, Surrey,
the wife of W. James, esq. M.P. a son.
Dec. 1. The wife of the Rev. Gilbert Ains-
lie, D.D., Master of Pembroke coll. Camb. a
son. 5. The wife of the Rev. Dr. Cardwell,
Principal of St. Alban's hall, Oxf. a dau.
6. The wife of the Rev. Richard Pretyman,
Rector of Middleton-Stoney, a son. 7. At
Edinburgh, the wife of H. J. W. Collingwood,
esq. of Lilbum Tower, a son. At Downes,
the wife of James Wentworth Buller, esq. a
son. 8. The wife of Sir C. E. Grey, a dan.
9. At Temple Densley, Herts, the wife of
T. P. Halsoy, esq. a son and heir. ^The
Countess of Craven, a dau. At Longfleet,
Dorset, the wife of Lieut.-Col. P. W. Pedler,
a dau. 10. At Spyc Park, the wife of J. E.
A. SUrkey, esq. a dan 11. In Devonshire-
place, the wife of William Selby Lowndes, Jun.
esq. of Winslow, Bucks, a dau. 15. At the
Marq. of Downshire's, Hanover-square, Lady
Mary Hood, a son.
1840.]
Marriages.
85
MARRIAGES.
Jmfy J4. At Qdcutta, Wciby B. Jackson,
C9^. of the CiTil Serrioe, Commissioner of
■ooniiedAbML brother to Sir Keith Jackson,
ikrt., to Haria, ddett dan. of Lieut-Col.
fAnillv, B. I. C.
m. At Cawnpore, Rrancis Dmmmond, esq.
ith BcngBl Uriit car., second son of Sir F. W.
Drvrnmond, Bart., to Panline-Jemima-Catha-
rine, da». of Chanes Mackensie, esq. Bengal
dfriHwerrict.
Smt. a. At Madras, Lieut. George Row-
liiHftoB. ATt.^oarth son of the late Rev. M.
lovlaadBon, D.D. Vicar of Warminster, to
Aba, Mcond dan. of the late Henry Alexander,
ea^. Cbkmial Secretary, Cape of Good Hope.
U. At l^culla, near Bombay, the Rev.
GeoTige M. valentine, M.A. son of the Rev.
Joim Valentine, Perp. Curate of Tintinhull,
"^^ ., to Louisa, youngest dan. of the late Dr.
Od. S. At the Cathedral, Bombay, George
IMIcxfto, esQ. to Frances-Eleanora, second
daa.of IVm. Dickins, esq. of Kilburn Priory.
as. At Clapham, Daniel Williams, esq. of
Fhmcocliy Montgomerysh., eldest son of the
late Rer. Daniel Williams, Vicar of Llanfair
Ckercinion, to Emma, dau. of C. R. Kent,
The Rer. Samuel Stead, M.A. Incum:
of Borton-on-Trent, to Mar>', eldest dau.
of tiK late Thos. Salt,*esq.
tl. At York, James C. Yorke, esq. 5th Dra-
goeti Guards, to Georgiana- Augusta, youngest
dan. of the Rev. Chanes Hawkins, Canon of
Tork,
AW. 4. At Wrexham, Robert Smith, esq.
■OB of BL ^ith, es^. of CapenhurHt House,
Cheshire, to Cathanne-Selina, third dau. or
tke Hon. and Rev. A. H. Cathcart, Vicar of
Kippax, Yorkshire.
$. At Rnightwick, Wore, the Rev. W H.
Oakley, B.A. Curate of Melton Mowbray, to
lliaabeth<Collinson, youngest dau. of the Rev.
John B<41, M.A., Rector of Knightwick.
7. At Walcot, Bath, the Rev. Joseph White,
of Milwich, Stair, eldest son of Jamen White,
esq. of Dublin, to Caroline, only dau. of the
late Capt. Scott, 2nd Drag. Guards. At Lea-
Bington, the Rev. J. T. Toye, Rector of St.
8lqAen*s, Rxeter, to Klizal)etn, dau. of the late
W. Dicker, esq. of Moreton-hani'pstead.
». At St. Pancras New Church, G. H. lAke,
esq. lii Reppel-st. to Harriet-Mary, eldest dau.
of the late John Wall, esq. of Regcnt-sq.
At Kensington, Alex. James Moore, esq. late of
Jamaica, to Sarah, eldest dau. of the late Rich.
Hook, esq. of Heathfield, Sussex.
la. At Kilglass, CO. liongford, R. T. B.
Heam, esq. eldest son of the Rev. Wm. Kdw.
Heam. Vicar of Killargue, co. Leitrim, to Char-
lotte, dau. of the late Rev. R. T. Heam, Vicar
€i Ratbcline. At Leicester, the Rev. Geo.
P. Phillips, M.A. to Lucy-Agnes, fourth dau.
of the late Rev. Edw. T. Vaughan, M.A. and
to Sir H. Halford. Bart.
14. At St. James's, Westminster, the Rev.
H. Palmer, of York-street, to Louisa-Sarah,
yoongest dau. of the late T. W. Marson, esq.
of Xewington, Surrey. At Dodbrooke, the
Hon. Wm. A. de Courcy, brother to Lord Kin-
sale, to Charlotte, only dau. of the late Jacob
Weymouth, esq. R,N. of Malliorough, Devon.
^The Rev. Benj. Howell, Rertor of Hugh-
Inr, Shropshire, to Anne, second dau. of Capt.
Uoyd, of Acton Round Hall.
19. Rev. Henry Fox, of Churrhover, Warw.
to Rlixabeth-Cliandler, only child of John
Tebbs, esq. of Ullesthorpc House, I^eir.
SO. At St. George's, Hanovcr-sq. Gustavo
Gaggiotti, esq. of the Palazra Nuovo Bor-
ISWM, Rome, to Mary, dati« ut tht late Lady
Caroline Barham. ^The Rev. Samuel Key.
of Water Fulford. Yorksh., to Harriet, only
dau. of William Lumb, esq. of Meadow House,
near Whitehaven. At Paddington, George
L. Taylor, esq. of Hyde Paric-sq. and Lw,
Kent, to Charlotte, third dau. of the hite Jas.
Wright^ esq. Garrison Surgeon to the Forces.
Martinique.
21 . At Durham^he Rev. Henry Rawlinson,
of Symondsbury, Dorset, son of John Raw-
linson, esq. of Wimpole-st. to Sarah-Anne»
eldest dau. of the late Dr. Armstrong, of
Russell-square. — At Malborough, Devon.
Nicholas Lockyer, esq. of Plymouth, to Eliza'
Sykes, third dau. of the late Wm. Jackson,
esq. barrister-at-law, and sister of Wm. Jack-
son, eso. of the Mould. At Mydrim Church.
Carm. William Sainsbury, esq. M.D. of Cor-
sham, Wilts, to Clara-Eleanor, second dau. of
the Rev. Thomas Lewis, Rector of Merthyr.
Rev. G. Fleming Lamb. B.A. of Queen's
Coll. Camb., youngest son of the late Col. Wm.
Lamb, E. I. Service, to Maria-March, niece of
John Weston, esq. of Hardingstone.
25. At Manchester, Edwara Wanklyn, esq.
of Hertford-st., Mayfair, to Mary-Jane, only
survi\ing dau. of the late John Bradshaw, esq.
of Weaste House, Eccles.
26. At Plympton, Devon, Robert Aylwin,
esq. of London, to Jane, youngest dau. of the
Rev. John Arscott. The Rev. T. D. Holt
Wilson, Rector of Hinderclay, Suffolk, second
son of the late Adni. Wilson, of Redgrave
Hall, to Barbara, eldest dau. of the late James
Halls, esq. Calverley R. Bewicke. of Bar-
sham House, Suff., to Emma, eldest dau. of the
Rev. Calverley J. Bewicke, of Hallaton Hall,
Leic. At Battersea, the Rev. Edw. Geare,
A.M. son of John Geare, esq. of Exeter, to
Ann-Jane, eldest dau. of Randolph Payne,
esq. of Lavender Hill. At Epping, Richard
J. Eaton, esq. M.P. eldest son of Richanl
F^ton, esg. of Stetchv^orth Park, Camb. to
Charlotte- Elizabeth, second dau. of Henry
John Conyers, esq.of Copwd Hall. Essex.
The Rev. J. Greensall, Vicar of Wimbish,
Essex, to Mary-Anne, 2nd dau. of the Rev.
Chas. George, Rector of Wicken. At St.
George's, Han.-sq. the Rev. R. C. Dillon, D.D.
to Frances-Charlotte, eldest dau. of the late
Thomas Rumliall. esq. of Bushey, Herts.
At Mcdomsley, the Rev. Charles Carr. fourth
son of the late John Carr, esq. of Dunstan
Hill, CO. Durham, to Elizabeth, dau. of the late
Anthony Surtees, esq. of Hamsterley Hall.
27. At Brighton, G. H. Woodward, of the
Middle Temple, esq. to Anne-Elizabeth, second
dau. of the late Thomas Wyatt.esq. of WiUen-
hall house, Herts, and Willenhall. Warw.
At Childwail, Lane, .Vrthur Lc Blanc, esq. of
Bridge-street, Hlackfriars, to Emma-Anne,
second dau. of T. Case, esq. of Thingwali
Hall, Lancashire.
2«. At Lewisham, John Frederick Pett.eaq.
to Charlotte- Holmes, second dau. of Capt.
Waller. At Little Berkhampstead, Godfrey
Tallents, esq. of Newark, to Ellen, dau. of Sir
William Home. At Braunston, the Rev. A.
B. Clough, Rector of Braunston, to Sarah,
dau. of R. H. Lamb, esq. of Bragborough
House, Norihampton.
30. At Croydon, the Rev. Henry Gehle,
D.D. Chaplain to the Netherlands Embassy, to
Anne, second dau. of Thomas .Minter, esq. of
Norwood.
Latfttf. At Listowel Church, Kerry, the
Kev. George Maxwell, Rortor of Askeaton and
Jocrus, in the county of Limerick, and nephew
of the Dean of Ardagh, to Mar^aret-Anne,
second dau. of John Francis Hewson. esq. of
Rnnismore, and cousin of the Rt. lion. M.
Fttzgerald, Knight of Kerry.
86
OBITUARY.
The King of Denmark.
Dec, 3. At Copenhagen, after a short
illness, in his 72nd year, Frederick VI.
King of Denmark, K. G.
King Frederic VJ. the son of King
Christian VII. and Caroline Matilda,
Princess of England, was bom on the
28th January 1768. He was declared
of age as co- Regent and President of the
Council of State on the 1 4th April 1784,
succeeded his father as King on the 13th
March 1808, and was crowned at Fre-
dericksburg, the 31st July 1815 : he had
consequently directed affairs for nearly
fifty-six years, and reigned thirty-two.
Seldom has the life of a King been
marked by such a succession of misfor-
tunes as befel that of Frederic VI., and
seldom has there been a King more loved
and honoured b^ his people. The un-
happy events which occurred in his youth,
the insanity of his father, the execution
of the unfortunate Struensee (under whose
care he had been educated), and the ba-
nishment of his mother, who died of grief
at being separated from her beloved son ;
all these are known.
No less so is the part which he sus-
tained in after years in the defence of his
kingdom, when the battle of Copenhagen
was added to the records of modern war-
fare. But it is chiefly as a benefactor to
his country that the name of Frederick VL
will be remembered ; to him are owing the
liberty of the press in Denmark — the
emancipation of his subjects from the last
remains of feudal authority — the abolition
of the slave trade (in which Denmark set
the example to the rest of Europe) — the
equalization of law and diminution of
legal processes — the establishment of
schools for general education — the intro-
duction of popular representation — and,
finally, the system of order and economy
which marked the financial affairs of the
kingdom. His character was moreover
deserving the highest eulogy for mildness,
uprightness, simplicity, and attention to
business.
England at last made the amende hono-
rable to Denmark by sending her King
the order of the Garter in the year 1822.
His Majesty married, July 31, 1790, his
cousin Maria Sophia Frederica, daugh-
ter of Charles Landgrave of Hesse-Cas-
sel, by his aunt Louisa Princess of Den-
mark. The Queen survives him, having
had issue only two daughters, of whom
Caroline, the elder, was married in 1829
to her cousin Prince Frederick- Ferdi-
nand of Denmark ; and Wilhelmina, the
youngest, in 1828 to Prince Frederick
Charles Christiau, now Crown Frince of
Denmark, the nephew of the former.
The Crown has devolved on the male
heir, now Christian VIII. He is cousin*
gprman to the late King, being the son of
the Crown Prince Frederick, who died in
1805. It is remarkable that this monarch
should already once have worn a crown,
and that so long as a quarter of a century
ago. He was proclaimed King of Nor-
way on the 19th May 1814, and abdicated
after the Congress of Vienna on the 15th
Aug. in the same year, tfe married, first,
the Princess Charlotte - Frederica, of
Mecklenburg- Schwerin, from whom he
separated after she had given birth to the
Prince Frederick Charles Christian al«
ready mentioned ; and secondly, in 1815,
Caroline Amelia of Holstein-Sonderburg.
Augustenburg, who is now his Queen.
The Duke of Argyll.
Oct. 21. At Inverary castle, ArgvU-
shire, in his 72d year, the Most m>Dle
George William Campbell, sixth Duke
of Argyll, Marquis of Lorn and Kintyre,
Earl of Campbell and Cowal, Viscount
of Lochow and Glenilla, and Baron of
Lorn, Inverary, Mull, Morven, and Tiry,
in the peerage of Scotland (1701) ; thir-
teenth Eari of Argyll (1457) ; Lord of
Lorn, (1470), and Lord Campbell (1445);
also Baron Sundridge, of Combe Bank in
Kent (1766), and Baron Hamilton, of
Hameldon, co. Leicester (1776), in the
peerage of Great Britain ; a Privy
Councillor, Keeper of the Great Seal
of Scotland, Heritable Master of the
Royal Household in that Kingdom,
and one of the Keepers of its Crown and
Regalia, Keeper of Dunstaffnage and
Carrick ; Lord Lieutenant, Vice Admiral
of the Coast, and Hereditary Sheriff* of
Argyllshire ; Lord Steward of her Ma-
jesty's Household, and an Official Trus-
tee of the British Museum.
His Grace was bom in London on the
22d Sept. 1768, the second but eldest
surviving son of John the fifth Duke, a
Field Marshal in the army, by Elizabeth
Duchess dowager of Hamilton, widow of
James sixth Duke of Hamilton, and se-
cond daughter of John Gunning, esq.
In 1790 he was returned to rarliament
as a member for St. German's in Corn-
wall, being then Colonel of the Argyll-
shire regiment of Fencible Infantry ; but
he did not again sit in the House of Com-
mons after the dissolution of that Parlia-
ment in 1796. On the death of his ute-
rine brother Douglas Duke of Hamilton,
Aug. 2, 1799, he became a Peer of the
realm as Baron Hamilton of Hameldon
\
1840.]
Obituary. — ITie Duke of Argyll,
87
(wliich dignity had been conferred on
tteir mother) ; and he succeeded to the
iMtstnd dignities of the Campbells, on
the death of his father. May 2^, 1806.
He wms appointed Vice- Admiral of the
Wtitem coasts and Islands of Scotland
(ciuptiDg the shire of Bute and the
klaada of Orkney and Shetland) Feb. 9,
1807. Id the management of his large
calBtet, his Grace was liberal and beneti-
eent. The expedient of expatriating the
native tcnaDtry, and turning their pro-
perty into sheep-walks, under the ma-
asgeoient of strangers, who promised very
extended rettts, did not possess his kindly
hearty who certainly found as much use
for an increaitd rental as any proprietor.
These deplonble proceedings were gene-
nlly conducted by interested factors and
kwyers, who easily persuaded needy lairds
to adopt those harsa measures of eject-
ment, which caused much discontent and
sofRning. One of those officials pressed
the Duke to sanction the removal of the
inhabitants of the island of Tiree, a
aoothem sheep-farmer offering to take a
lease of it, at a great increase of rent ;
hnt his Grace, with a feeling which did
htm high credit, replied : "No! I shall
never sanction such a measure-, if the
people wish to remove, they are at liberty
to throw up their possessions, but I shall
never endeavour to expel them — they
raised the men who formed the company
by which I obtained my Captain*s com-
nussion, and their attachment deserves
my regard and protection."
In politics, though his father bad sup-
ported Mr. Pitt, his Grace from an early
period of life sided with the Whig party.
He voted in favour of the Reform of
Parliament bill, on the decisive dinsion,
the I4th April 1832.
He succeeded the Marquess Wellesley
as Lord Steward of the Household in
Sept. 13, 1833, and was sworn a Privy
Councillor ; and he again came into office
on the restoration of the present Ministry
in April 18.35.
His Grace married, Nov. 29, 1810,
Lady Caroline Elizabeth Villiers, daugh-
ter of George fourth Earl of Jersey,
whose former marriage with the Marquess
of Anglesey (by whom she had a nu-
merous family) had been dissolved by
the Scotch courts. The Duchess died
without issue by the Duke of Argyll,
June 16, 1835.
The dignities of the family have de-
volved on the late Duke's only brother,
Lord John Campbell, who has been three
times married ; and has a son and heir,
John Henry, now Marquess of Lorn,
born in 1821, and other issue.
The body of the deceased Duke lay in
state at Inverary castle on Tuesday
Nov. 8, and on the following day was con-
veyed by a steamer to Roseneath castle,
where it lay in state as on the preceding
day, in the principal saloon. On Thurs-
day morning it whs placed on board a
steamer to be conveyed to the place of in-
terment at Kil-mun.* Two steamers fol-
lowed, having on board a party of High-
• " The attachment to places of sepulture is a feeling very generally diffused, and
from the savage tribes of America to the most refined and exalted of Europeans the
natural desire that the corporeal remains should repose in the resting-place of ances-
tral generations, is strongly evinced. Much heart-burning and litigation has been
occasioned by inconsiderate attempts to inclose old burial-grounds, and prevent further
interments. It was deemed a mark of high respect to offer a place of burial. Se-
veral instances of such acts of friendship have occurred in the Highlands of Scotland,
the memory of which is yet retained by a continued use of the privilege.
'* The burial place of the illustrious house of Argyle is in the parish of Dunoon.
Its name is Kil-Mun, the cell of St. Mun. Kil here, as in many other instances,
was the saint's place of sepulture: hence the Highlanders call it Sith-Mhun, t. e.
the resting-place of Mun ; and the bay where the ruin is situated bears the designa-
tion of Seanta, or blessed. Here the late Argyle was gathered to his forefathers.
It is well known that the Campbells raised themselves on the depression of the
lesser clans in their neighbourhood; and, although a sense of resentment for injuries
rankled in the breasts of most of the humbled tribes, yet bonds of amity were inter.
changed with several of them, and steady friendship long subsisted between the
superior and his dependants. The Lamonts fMac Laomin) were powerful in
Argyle previous to the rise of the Campbells, ana the right of interment at Dunoon
was given by the Chief to an ancestor oi the Earls of Argyle, as recorded in a Gaelic
inscription over the entrance, which is not a little curious.
** * Is mise Mac Laominn mctr Chaoil, gu h-uile a thug iasad do Bharon duth
Lochau, de uaigh lie shiolag a mhic us e'na aire.'
** ^ I, the great Mac Lamon of all Cowal« did lend to the black Baron of Lochow,
a grave and a grave stone for his son, when be himself was in trouble.'
** If this scrap is worth the attention of Mr, Urban, its appearance in his pages
will (iBtify hit very obedient servanti James Logan."
88
0BiTUARY.«p»2%tf Earl (\f KingBton\r^Lwd Dufferin, [Jan.
landers, about fifty in number, from Islay,
and the family tenantry in the neighbour-
hood of Inverary. They entered Holy
Loch shortly before three in the after-
' noon. The funeral procession was then
formed, the coffin being preceded by
nearly one hundred of the principal tenants
of Argyllshire, and a domestic carrying
the coronet of the late Duke on a velvet
cushion. The coffin immediately fol-
lowed, carried by twelve fine Highlanders
in their elegant national garb, the pall
being borne by the Marquess of Lorn,'
Marquess of Breadalbane, Earl of Charle.
viUiP, Mr. Campbell, M.P., Lord Tulla-
more. Lord Arthur Lennox, Mr. Camp-
bell, jun.,. Sir William Cumroing, Sir
Thomas Dick Lauder, and two other
gentlemen. About thirty Highlanders
fuarded the coffin on each side. The
)uke and Duchess of Argyll, >vith their
son and daughter, Lord and Lady Camp-
bell, were the mourners, the funeral pro-
cession being closed by a long line of the
gentry and tenantry for many miles
around. The coffin was deposited beside
that of the late Duchess of Argyll.
" The Earl of Kingston.
Oct, 18. At his residence, Hull place,
St. John's Wood, Paddin^on, aged 68,
the Right Hon. George STing, third Earl
of Kingston, co. Roscommon (1765),
Viscount Kingston of Kingsborough, co.
Sligo (1766), and Baron Kingston of
Rockingham, co. Roscommon (17&1<), all
titles in the peerage of Ireland ; Baron
Kingston of Mitchelstovvn, co. Cork
(1821), in the peerage of the United
. Kingdom; and a Baronet of Ireland
' (1682) ; a Representative Peer of Ireland,
and a Commissioner of the Irish Fish-
eries.
The late Earl of Kingston was born
at Chelsea, on the 8th of April 1771, the
eldest son of Robert the second Earl,
by Caroline, only daughter of Richard
Intz Gerald, esq. of Mount Ophaly, co.
Kildare, by the Hon. Margaret King,
daughter and heiress of James Lord King-
ston, the elder branch of this family. He
succeeded his father in the peerage
April 17, 1797, and was elected a Repre-
sentative Peer of Ireland shortly after
the Union. He was created a Peer of
the United Kingdom by the title of
Baron Mitchelstown, co. Cork, at the
coronation of King George the Fourth.
His Lordship married, May 5, 1794,
Lady Helena Moore, only daughter of
Stephen first Earl of Mountcasbel, and
aunt to the present Earl; and by that
lady, who survives him, he had issue five
sons and two daughters : 1. the Right
Hon. Edward Viscount Kingsborough,
11
F.R.A.S. to whom the learned world is
indebted for the magnificent work on the
Antiquities of Mexico ; he died unmar-
ried on the 27th Feb. 1837 (see our
vol. VII. p. 537) ; 2. the Right Hon.
Robert now Earl of Kingston, formerly
M.P. for CO. Cork; he was born in 1796,
but is at present unmarried ; 3 and 4.
Geoi^e and George, who both died in-
fants ; 5. the Hon. James King, a barns-
ter at law ; 6. Lady Helena Mary, married
in 1829 to Philip Davies Cooke, esq. of
Owston, CO. York ; and 7. Lady Ade-
laide Charlotte, married in 1834 to Charles
Tankerville Webber, esq. barrister at law.
Lord Dufferin and Claneboye.
Nov, 18. At Ballyleidy House, Down-
shire, aged 81, the Right Hon. Hans
Blackwood, Baron Dufferin and Clane-
boye, of Ballyleidy and Killvleigh, co.
Down (1800), and the fourth Baronet
(of Ireland, 1763).
His Lordship was bom in Oct. 17a8,
the fourth son of Sir John Black-
wood, Bart. M.P. for Killyleigh and
Bangor, by Dorcas, eldest daughter
and coheiress of James Stevenson, of
Killvleigh. esq. who, after her husband's
death, was created Baroness Dufferin and
Claneboye, in commemoration of her
descent from the family of Hamilton Vis-
count Claneboye (afterwards Earl of
Clanbrassil).
He succeeded to the peerage Aug. 8,
1836, on the death of his brother James,
who was a Representative Peer of Ire-
land (see our vol. VI. p. 425).
His Lordship was twice married : first,
on the 19th June 1784 to Mehetabel
Hester, second daughter and coheiress of
Robert Temple, esq. (the elder brother
of Sir John Temple, who succeeded to
the title of Baronet, by descent from the
Temples of Stowe, in 1786,) by whom he
hlid one daughter and three sons: 1. the
Hon. Henrietta, married in 1807 lo Wil-
liam Stewart Hamilton, of Brown's hall,
CO. Donegal, esq. eldest son of John Ha-
milton, esq. by the Hon. Helen Paken-
ham, sister to the late Duchess of Wel-
lington ; 2. Capt. Robert Temple Black-
wood, of the 69th foot, who was killed
at Waterloo, in his 27th year, unmarried ;
3. Hans, who also died unmarried ; and
4. the Right Hon. Price now Lord
Dufferin and Claneboye, a Captain in the
Rojral Navy ; he was born in 1794, and
married in 1825 Helen Selina, eldest
daughter of the late Thomas Sheridan,
esq. and sister to Lady Seymour and the
Hon. Mrs. Fletcher Norton, but has no
issue.
The late Lord Dufferin hmviiig lost his
first wife on the 7th Feb. 179B, married
1840.] OsiTiTAmY.— JLorrf G. Beresford.-^Lietit.' Gen. Sir H. King. 89
veondly, July 8^ 1801, Elizabeth eldest
iMKfater and coheiress of William Henry
Fmoiy, of Gynnets, co. Meath, esq. and
\ftbit lady, who survives him, he had
iHoe one son and two daughters — 5. the
fioB. and Rev. William Stear Black-
wood, who married in 1832 Eliza,
iamfcfgr of the late Robert Hamilton, of
Clonaill^ eo. Dublin, esq. but we believe
kaa no iasne; 6. the Hon. Marianne,
in 1831 to the Yen. Walter-
Mant, M. A. Archdeacon of Con-
r» eldeat ton of the Lord Bishop of
]>o«m and Connor; and 7. the Hon.
Sopbla-Louita, married first in 1832 to
the late Hans Hamilton, esq. who died
ia 1833, and secondly in 1837 to Alex-
•ader Grant, esq. of the Hon. East
ladift Goiiipany*s military service in Ma-
LfOKD George Beresforo.
Od. At the .palace, Armagh, aged
57, ^ Right Hon. Lord George Tho-
■aa Beresford, a Privy Councillor, Cus-
toa Rotulonim of the county of Water-
lord, a Lieut.- General in the army, Colo-
nel of the 3rd Dragoons and of the Wa-
tcrfiird Militia, and G.C.H. ; brother to
the Lord Archbishop of Armagh, and
ancle to the Marquess of Waterford.
He was bom on the 12th Feb. 1781,
te fourth son of George the first Mar-
aaeta of Waterford, by Elizabeth only
dangfater and heiress of Henry Monck,
esq. of Charierille, by Ladv Isabella
Bentinek, second daughter of Henry first
Doke of Portland. His Lordship was
appointed a Cornet in the 13th light dra-
goons in April 1794 ; a Lieutenant in the
11 1th in July following, and a Captafn in
the IMfh in September of the same year.
He exchanged from the last regiment to
the 88th in July 1796. As Captain he
served two years and eight months in the
East Indies. Lord George obtained the
Majority of the 6th dragoon guards the
ard Dec. 1800; the Lieut.- Colonelcy of
DUIon's regiment the 24th Sept. 1H03:
he was removed to the 71st regiment in
Aug. 180i» and to the 2d dragoon guards
the 30th July 1807. He attained the
hrevet of Colonel Jan. 1, 1812; that of
Major General June 4, 1B14; and that
of Lieut.- General, July 22, 1830.
Lord George Beresford was first re-
tamed to Parliament for the county of
IrfMidonderry at the general election of
180S; he was rechosen for the same in
1806 and 1807, but defeated by the Hon.
William Ponsonby in 1812, when he was
letumed for Coleraine. In 1818, and
•gMn in 1820, he was elected for the
ooonty of Waterford ; was defeated by
GtNT. Mao. Vol. XHL
Mr. Henry Villiers Stuart in 1826; the
numbers being —
Richard Power, esq. . 1021
H. V. Stewart, esq. . 937
Lord George Beresford 4-58
After Mr. Stuart's retirement! he again
sat in the single- session Parliament of
1830; since which time the agitation of
O'Connell has been sufficient to sur-
mount entirely the formerly preponderat-
ing influence of the house of Beresford.
Lord George was appointed Comptrol-
ler of the Household of the Prince Re-
gent August 12, 1813, and he continued
to hold that office, in which he was highly
respected, during the reign of Qeorge the
Fourth.
His Lordship married Nov. 22, 1808,
Miss Harriet Schutz, by whom he had
issue four daughters, 1. Elisabeth- Har-
riet Georgiana ; 2. Harriet-Susan-Isa-
bellat 3. Caroline-Susan. Catharine; and
4. Rose- Georgiana, who is deceased.
His body was interred at the family
burial-place at Clonegam, co. Waterford,
on the 4th of November. The Marquess,
Lord William, and Lord John Beresford ;
the Rev. Mr. Jones, the lord primate's
domestic chaplain; Dean Lee; Tlobert
Uniacke, John Stephens, Joseph Mal-
comson, esqrs. &c. were present.
Lt.-Gen. the Hon. Sir H. Kiko.
Nov. 25. Near Winkfield, Berkshire,
the Hon. Sir Henry King, K.C.B. a
Lieut.- General in the army, and Colonel
of the 1st West India regiment ; younger
brother to the late Earl of Kingston
(whose death is also recorded in our pre-
sent number) and to General the Viscount
Lorton.
He was appointed Ensign in the 47th
foot on the 7th of Feb. 1794, and Lieu-
tenant in the same corps the 2d Sept.
1795. He joined the regiment at New
Providence, and served there till Oct.
1796, and afterwards at St. Domingo to
Oct. 1798. In 1799 he was employed in
the Helder expedition, and severely
wounded in the action of the 19th Sept.
He was appointed Captain in the 56th
foot the 27th of Feb. 1796 ; from thence
removed to the 1st guards the 21 st of
Dec. 1799, and to the 43rd foot in 1802.
The 24th Aug. 1804 he succeeded to a
Majority in the 5th foot, in which he was
appointed Lieut.- Colonel the 16th of Jan.
1809. He was wrecked and made pri-
soner of war on his way to Hanover in
1805. He subsequently served under
Brig.-Gcn. Crawfurd in South America,
and commanded in the attack on Buenos
Ayres. His next service was in Portugal
and Spain ; he was present at the battles
N
90
Obituary. — Admiral Sir Peter Halketl, Bart.
[Jan.
of Bn<;aco and Salamanca, for which he
had the honour to wear a medal and one
clasp. The 4-th of June 18 1 4 he obtained
the rank of Colonel in the array. He
was appointed Colonel of the 1st West
India regiment, July 19, 18*^; and at-
tained the rank of Major. General at the
Coronation brevet last year.
General King was twice married ; first,
in Jan. 1802 to Mary, eldest daughter
of the late Hon. and Very Rev. John
Hewitt, Dean of Cloyne, and cousin to
Viscount Lifford. By this lady, who
died in 1821, be bad issue four daughters
and three sons : I . Caroline, married in
1827 to John Odell, esq.; 2. Louisa; 3.
Henry ; 4. Capt. John Wingfield King,
5th foot, who married in 1831 Alicia, only
daughter of Chidley Coote, esq. and has
issue; 5. Capt. Edward Roberts King,
36th foot; 6. Sidney-Jane, married in
1835 to Henry Coe Coape, esq. ; and, 7.
Alicia.
Having lost his first wife in 1821, Sir
Henry married secondly, in 1832, Eliza,
beth, widow of J. Richardson, esq. and
youngest daughter of the Rev. Edward
Philipps.
Adm. Sir Petea Halkett, Bart.
Oct, 7. At Pitferran, co. Fife, aged
74, Sir Peter Halkett, a Baronet of Nova
Scotia (1697), Admiral of the Blue.
Sir Peter was the second son of Sir
John Halkett, the fourth Baronet, by his
second wife Mary, daughter of the Hon.
John Hamilton, grand-uncle of the pre-
sent Earl of Haddington. At the com-
mencement of the war with France in
1793, we find him serving as Lieutenant
of the Syren, in which frigate the Duke
of York proceeded to Holland for the
purpose of taking the command of the
British troops sent thither to co-operate
with the Dutch against the republican
armies ; and bis Royal Highness was so
much pleased with the zeal and activity
displayed by Mr. Halkett in assisting the
garrison of Williamstadt, at that time
besieged by the PVench. that be soon af-
ter obtained for him the rank of Com-
mander ; and on his return from the Con-
tinent, that of Post- Captain. The Prince
of Orange also, as a mark of the high
sense he entertained of the eminent ser-
vices performed by him in the gun-boats,
ordered him to be presented with a me-
dal, with a suitable inscription, value 500
guilders.
Capt. Halkett*s post commission bore
date Aug. 13, 1794; be was soon after
appointed to the Circe, of 28 guns, sta-
tioned in the North Sea ; where nothing
material occurred until the alarming mu-
tiny in Adm. Duncan's fieot (and at the
Nore), in the spring of 1797, when the
Circe happily oscapod the contagion,
and Capt. Halkett received the thanks of
the Admiralty, and the freedom of the
town of Hull, for the conduct of his ship
during that alarming period.
Eariy in Oct. 1797, the Circe formed
part of the squadron left off the Texel
under Sir Henry Trollope, to watch the
Dutch fleet; and at thebattJe of Camper-
down, on the 1 1th of that month, she was
one of Adm. Duncan's repeaters.
Capt. Halkett's next appointment was
to the Apollo, a fine frigate, in which he
had the misfortune to be wrecked, Jan. 7,
1799, on the Haak Sands^ while in chase
of a Dutch ship. The crew were saved
by a Prussian vessel that went down to
their assistance. On the 15th Capt.
Halkett was tried by a (^urt Martial
for the loss of the Apollo ; and, nothing
appearing to criminate him in the least,
a verdict of acquittal was pronounced,
but the pilot was dismissed from the
King's service.
In the course of the same year, he ob-
tained the command of a new frigate of
the same name, in which he was sent as
convoy to the outward-bound West India
fleet. On his passage he captured the
Aquila, of 4 guns, pierced for 22, with a
valuable cargo from Buenos Ayres, bound
to Corunna. During his stay on the Ja.
maica station, he also took the following
vessels : Cantabrian, Spanish corvette, of
18 guns and 100 men, with a cargo, off
the Havannah ; Resolution (formerly a
British cutter), 18 guns, and 149 men ;
and Vigilante, French privateer, of 14
guns, in the Gulf of Mexico.
The A})ollo arrived at Portsmouth,
March 12. 1802. Cant. Halkett subse-
quently commanded the Ganges, of 74
gims; and on the 12th Aug. 1812 was
advanced to the rank of Rear- Admiral.
In 1815 his fla(; was flying on board the
Gladiator, in Portsmouth harbour. He
attained the rank of Vice- Admiral in
1821, and that of Admiral in 18.'i7.
On the death of his brother Sir Charles
Halkett, Jan. 26, 1837, he succeeded to the
title of Baronet. At that period he was
holding the command of the North Amc-
rican station.
He married Oct. 14, 1802, Elizabeth,
daughter of William Tod, of London,
esq. Mrs. Halkett died at Clifton in
1814. Their son, now Sir John Halkett,
Bart, is married, and has issue.
Major-Gcn. Sir F. H. Doyle, Bart.
Nov. 6. In Wimpole-street, in his
57th year. Sir Francis Hastings Doyle,
\
1840.] Obituary. — Major-Gen. Doi/le.-^ Major-Gen, Maclean* 91
But. m Major-General in the army, De-
psty Lieutenant of the Tower of London,
aod Chairman of the Board of Excise.
Sir Francis was bom Jan. 3, 1783, the
eUest son of Major. Gen. Welbore Ellis
Doj\e^ Colonel of the 53d foot, the
jounger brother of the late Gen. Sir John
bojle, Bart. G.C.B. who died in 1834.
He WBS appointed Captain in the 106th
fool. Not. 1, 17^ removed to the 2d
orriaon battalion Feb. 1805; became
Maior by brevet Jan. 1805, Lieut. -Col.
Jan. 1, 1812, and Major- General at the
kst Coronation brevet. He was created
a Baronet by patent dated 18th Feb. 1828.
He married June 2, 1804', Diana-Eli-
abeCb, eldest daughter of Sir William
Mordaunt Milner, of Nun Applet on, co.
York, Bart. ; and by that lady, who died
Jan. 14, 1828, he had issue, one son and
fiBW daufffaters. The former, now Sir
Francis Hastings Charles Doyle, Bart,
was bom in 1810. The daughters are,
1. Diana - Emma - Flora ; 2. Frances-
Mary; 3. Emily. Josephine, married in
183& to William Leveson Gower, esq. of
Titsey Place, Surrey; and 4'. Selina.
Major-Gen. Sib Joseph Maclean.
SevL 19. At the Royal Arsenal,
Woolwich, Major- General Sir Joseph
Maclean, K.C.H. and C B. Director-
gCDcral of the Field train of the Artillery
department, and Inspector-general of the
finaa-foundry establishment in the Ar-
•cnal.
He was the eldest son of Allan
3laclean, Ksq. for many years Secretary
to the Commissioners of Accounts and
to the Board of Customs in Ireland, by
Ida first wife Miss Attwood (see the
History of the Clan Maclean, 8vo, 1838,
p. 289).
He entered the Royal Military Aca-
demy mt Woolwich in 1779, and obtained
bis commission of Second Lieutenant
in the Royal regiment of artillery in the
Tear 1781. He served alternately at
Dome and abroad until 1790, when he
obtained the rank of First Lieut. On
ibe appointment of the first two troops of
hone artillery, he was promoted to the
rank of First Lieutenant to the senior
troop ; and, by the special request of
the Prince of Wales, was appointed to
tbe command of a detachment of light
artillery at Brighton. Ever after this
period he had tbe honour to enjoy marked
attention from his Royal HighncsH. In
1794 be was promoted to the rank of
Captain, and subsequently served on the
Staff of the eastern district as Aide-de-
camp to tbe late Gen. Marquess Towns-
bend. In the expedition to the Helder
be lenred as Aide-de-camp to G«u. Fur*
rington, commanding the artillery; and
he subsequently served in that capacity
with the army under the command of his
Royal Highness the Duke of York, until
his Royal Highness's return to England,
when the ship in which he was in passage
was wrecked, and very nearly lost, in the
Yarmouth Roads.
In 1800 he was elected member of the
Irish Parliament, and was appointed at
the same time Brigade- Major to the ar-
tillery serving in Ireland, in order that the
Government might avail itself of his ex-
perience in the measure of incorporating
the Irish with the British artillery on the
Union of the Kingdoms. He continued
in Ireland, having previously obtained the
respective promotions of Major and
Lieut.- Colonel, until the year 1812, when
he was further promoted to the rank of
Assistant Adjutant-general, which he
held until I82I ; when, on being ap-
pointed Chief Fire-master to the Royal
Laboratory, he removed to Woolwich.
In 1814 he obtained the rank of Colonel.
In 1825 he became Major- General, and
in 1832 was appointed to tbe command
of the Royal Artillery in Ireland. While
in Ireland he twice officiated as Com-
mander of the army there, during the
temponiry absence of tbe Commander-in-
chief, to whom he was next in seniority.
He removed from Ireland in May 1834,
on being nominated to the command of
the royul artillery at the head quarters
of the corps : and on tbe melancholy
death of the late Lt.-Gen. Millar he
succeeded to tbe lucrative and scien-
tific post of Director-general of the
field train department of the royal ar-
tillery, and Inspector-general of the brass-
foundry establishment.
When (general Maclean assumed the
command of the artillery at Woolwich,
his Majesty William IV. was graciously
pleased to confer upon him the honour of
knighthood, with the insignia of a Knieht
Commander of the Royal Guelpbic
Order.
Sir Joseph Maclean married, in 1797,
Charlotte, youngest daughter of Lieut-
Gen. Sir William Congreve, Bart, and
sister to the late Sir William Congreve,
the celebrated inventor of the rocket
system ; by whom he had issue fourteen
children, of whom two sons and four
daughters survive, 1. Allan, 2, William -
Congreve, 3. Margaret, 4. Julia, 5. Anne,
and 6. Caroline.
The funeral of Sir Joseph Maclean
took place at Chariton on tbe 26th Sept.
The hearse was followed by three mount-
ing coaches, containing the Commandant
of the Garrison, General Lord Bloom-
field, G.C.B., G.C.U.; Major.Ucoerat
92 Mqfof^Gcn* Sir Wk Blackbumeti^tUar'Adm. Sir S. Warren. [Jan.
Peter Fyers, C.B^ R.A.; Sir Alexander
Dickson, K.C.B., K.C.H. ; Deputy
Adjutant-general Sir John May, K.C.B.,
K.C.H. ; Colonel Cleaveland, C.B.,
Royal Horse brigade; Col. Jones, De-
puty Assistant Adjutant-general ; Col.
jBastard, and others, fellow companions
in the *' battle field.** The body was de-
posited in a family vault, which the ge-
neral had prepared many years ago.
Major- Gen. Sib W. Blackburne.
Oct. 16. At his house in Portland
f»lace, aged 75, Major- General Sir Wil-
iam Blackburne, of the East India Com-
pany's Madras establishment.
Sir W. Blackburne was appointed a
cadet in 1782 ; he arrived at Madras in
June 1783, and joined the 24th battalion
of sepoys serving in the southern army,
under the command of Lieut. -Col. Ful-
lerton. On the reduction of the army
which took place in 1786, he was removed
to the Ist battalion of sepoys in garrison
of Tanjore, where he applied himself to
the study of the Mahratta language, and
in consequence was appointed Mahratta
interpreter by Sir A. Campbell.
In 1793 he visited England on account
of ill health ; but after his return he was
in 1798 re-appointed to his office of inter-
preter, and was commissioned to settle a
serious dispute between the Rajah of
Tanjore and a large body of the native
officers, which he effected to the entire
satisfaction of the government.
In 1801 he was appointed Resident at
Tanjore, and gave the first intimation of
the impending insurrection of the Mur-
doos ; on this occasion he took the field
unauthorized, with the Rajah's troops, his
own escort, and the irregulars raised by
the collector ; and repelled the invasions
of Tanjore by the Poligars, and recover-
ed the province of Ramnad. His ser-
vices were highly approved by the autho-
rities at Madras and Calcutta, and by the
Court of Directors. .
In 180i, having discovered a system of
fraud and embezzlement in the revenue
department, he charged the whole of the
collector's servants, and every Mirasdar in
the province, with being concerned in it ;
proved his charges, and received the
thanks of government. The amount
embezzled was three lacs of pagodas, of
which one lac and twenty thousand were
actually recovered.
In 1808-9, he was entrusted by govern-
ment with a commission to endeavour to
reconcile the misunderstandings which
then prevailed in Travancore, but he was
prevented from acting, by the breaking
out of the insurrection while he was
upon his jouiney to that province. On
the termination of the insurrection, be
was again ordered to Travancore, to re-
ceive charge of the Residency from Col.
Macauley ; but, that officer having with-
drawn his resignation, he was employed
as a Commissioner to investigate cnarges
of abuses in the factory at Aujengo. He
had the entire management of the dis-
trict of Poodoocottah for a period of
twelve years, during the minority of the
Rajah Tondiman Bebauder, &nd by the
manner in which he executed this trust,
he secured the affectionate gratitude of
the young chief. But the value of Col.
Blackburne's services is not to be esti-
mated merely by the particular duties on '
which he was employed, but by the whole
tenor of his public life. During the long
course of twenty-two years, that he was
Resident at Tanjore, his judicious, tem-
perate, and upright conduct, secured the
confidence of the different branches of
the royal family, and tended mainly to
attach the great body of the Rajah's fol-
lowers, and of the people, to our govern-
ment, and to impress them with respect
for the national character.
The foregoing particulars have been
principally quoted from the Minutes of
Council of Madras, signed by Sir Tho-
mas Munro, on Sir William Blackburne's
return to £ngland in 1823; but a full
memoir of his services, with documents,
will be found in the East India Military
Calendar, vol. iii. (4to, 1826) pp. 42—66.
His will, dated on the 18th June last,
has been proved in the Prerogative Court
of Canterbury, by his brother, ■
Blackburne, esq. and the amount of pro-
perty has been sworn under 46,000/. the
principal part of which has been be-
queathed to his widow. Amongst the
different bequests, however, is one of
1000/. which is in the following words: —
*' I bequeath to Lord Glenelg, late se-
cretary of the colonies, 1 ,000/. as a mark
of my high respect for his public conduct
in the East India colonial department."
Rear-Adm. Sir Samuel Warren.
Oct. 15. At Southampton, aged 70,
Sir Samuel Warren, Rear- Admiral of the
White, Knt., C.B. and K.C.H.
This officer was born at Sandwich,
Jan. 9, 1769. He entered the naval ser-
vice in Jan. 1782 ; and served as a Mid-
shipman on board the Sampson 64, Busy
cutter, Druid frigate. Colossus 74, Lon-
don 98, and Royal Sovereign of 100 guns.
The former ship was commanded by the
late Capt. John Harvey, and formed part
of the lleet under Lord Howe at the re-
lief of Gibraltar, and in the subsequent
action with the comteued forces off Cape
SpwteL
1840.] OniTVAMY.^HMr.Adm. Sir S. fVarren.^Sir A. Hatliday. 93
ing the English colours, succeeded in se-
curing the persons of Gen. Jamelle, Com-
mander-in-chief of the enemy's troops,
M.Knotze, Aide-de-camp to the Governor
of Java, and M. Rigaud, an officer of in-
fantry, who had nearly effected their
escape. He afterwards commanded in
succession the Blenheim and Bulwark,
third rates, and Seringapatam of 46 guns.
The latter ship conveyed Sir Benj.
Bloomfield as Ambassador to Stockholm
in the summer of 1823 ; and was paid off
at Portsmouth, Feb. 5, 1824f. Previously
to their separation, her officers ^ve Capt.
Warren a sumptuous farewell dinner, and
presented him with a gold snuff box,
value 30 guineas, as a token of their at-
tachment and respect. In 1831 he was
Commodore in the Thames, and became
a Rear- Admiral in 1837. He was no-
minated a Companion of the Bath in
1815, and received the honour of knight-
hood Aug. 5, 1835.
Sir Samuel Warren married, in Dec.
1800, a daughter of Mr. Barton, Clerk of
the Cheque at Chatham, and by that
lady he had seven children.
Jfe. Warren obtuntd the rank of Lieu-
tenant, Vo^. 3; 1790; and served as such
aaeeeaaiTely in the Argo of 44 guns, Ra-
■UUca 74, and Royal George, a first
rate. The Hamillies bore a part in the
hnttles of May 29 and June 1, 1794.
The Royal George bore the flag of Lord
Bridport in the action off TOrient June
S3, 1795.
Lieat. Warren was promoted to the
rank of Commander in March 1797 ; and
from tliat period to July 1800, he com-
mended the Scourge sloop of war at the
Leeward Islands, on which station he
captnred several large privateers and mer-
eluuitnaen. Previously to his return home
be received the thanks of the Council and
Assembly of Tobago, for the preat at-
tention he had paid to their mterests,
whilst employed in the protection of the
trade of that island. The Scourge ar-
rived in England Aug. 22, 1800.
Capt. Warren's next appointment was
to the Vesuvius bomb, fitting at Ports-
mouth. His post commission bore date
April 29, 1802.
In the summer of 1805 he was selected
by Rear-Admiral Domett to serve as bis
Flag* Captain in the Channel fleet; but
ill iiealtn preventing that officer from
going to sea at that period, the Glory of
96 guns, which had been fitted for his re-
ception, was ordered to receive the flag of
Rear-Admiral Stirling, under whom Cap-
tain Warren served in the action between
Sir Robert Calder and M. Villcneuve, on
22d July in the same year. In the en-
suing year, Capt. Warren accompanied
Rear.Adm. Stirling to the Hio de la
Plata, as a passenger, on board the Samp-
son &4; and on his arrival off Maldo-
nado, be assumed the command of that
officer's flag-ship, the Diadem, of similar
force. His services during the siege of
Monte Video, on which occasion the
Dimdem was frequently left with only 30
men on board, were duly acknowledged
in the naval and military despatches an-
nouncing the capture of that fortress.
Some time after his return from South
America, Capt. Warren was appointed
to the Bellerophon 74, bearing the flag of
Rear-Adm. Lord Gardner, in the North
Sea. He was very actively employed on
the Baltic station under the orders of Sir
Jamea Saumarez.
His next appointment was about Sept.
1810^ to the President frigate, in which
be assisted at the reduction of Java and
its dependencies by the military and naval
forces under Sir Samuel Auchmuty and
Rear-Admiral Stopford. Whilst on that
service he was sent to the fort of Cheri-
bon with a flag of truce, to demand the
•acrendec of ttat place i aody after hoist-
SiK Andrew Halliday, M.D.
Sept. 7. At Dumfries, Sir Andrew
Halliday, K.H., M.D., F.R.S. Edinb.
and Gottingen.
He had not long survived the wasting
climate of the West Indies, where he was
inspector of hospitals. He retired to the
ail of his native country ; but it was only
to droop and die. His life from his youtn
up was one of action. He was educated
for the church ; but afterwards changed
that profession for physic. After travel-
ling through Russia and Tartary, he set-
tled at Halesworth, near Birmingham,
where he for some time pursued his prac-
tice. He afterwards served on the staflf
of the army, both in Portugal and Spain ;
was at the assault of ficrgen-op-Zoom,
and at the battle of Waterloo ; and ac-
companied William IV. when Duke of
Clarence, in his journeys abroad in quest
of health, in his professional capacity.
He was a good scholar as well as a skilful
physician, and his varied and almost gc
neral intelligence obtained him high es-
teem with princes abroad as well as at
home. Like his dalesman, Telford the
engineer, whom he knew and loved, he
was of humble parentage, though of good
and ancient blood, for he came from that
brave " Thorn Halliday, my sister*s son
so dear," as he was called by the re-
nowned Sir William Wallace. He knew
most of the episcopal history of Scotland,
and was familiar with his country's anti-
quities ; he knew as much of the poetry
and traditions of the land aa if they bad
04
Colonel Webb,^^Charles Hope Maclean, £Jsq.
[Jan.
been the study of his life. He had skill
as well as taste in literature and in na-
tural philosophy, as his •' History pf the
House of Hanover," and his " West In-
dies," sufficiently prove. He had col-
lected materials for writing an account of
the chief campaigns of Wellington, which
he had witnessed. He loved ingenious
men; he was ever ready to do a good
deed or speak a kind word ; and such was
his generous nature, that, though he met
with a base return to-day, he was ready
to befriend the meritorious to-morrow.
He took so much care in helping others
on in their fortune, that we fear he neg-
lected his own; his half-pay at home
was not large, and Portugal, we have
heard, stopped his well-merited annuity,
serving him as she served her other bene-
factors. We hope this country will re-
member that his lady survives him.
To this memorial, chiefly taken from
the Literaiy Gazette, we have merely to
add a list of Sir Andrew Halliday's works,
and to record that he was an occasional
correspondent of our Magazine, particu-
larly in its present department.
Observations on Lmphysema, or the
disease which arises from the diffusion of
air into the cavity of the thorax. 1807,
8vo.
Remarks on the present state of the
Lunatic Asylums in Ireland. 1808, 8vo.
Observations on the Fifth Report of
the Commissioners of Military Inquiry.
1809, 8vo.
Observations on the present state of
the Portuguese Army. "ito. 1811. Se-
cond edition, with additions, 1812, 8vo.
Translation of Professor Franck's Ex-
position of the Causes of Diseases. 1813,
8vo.
Memoir of the Campaign of 1815.
4to. Paris, 1816.
A History of the House of Brunswick
and Lunenburg (from materials partly
collected by the Rev. George GUndell,
A.M. Chaplain -general to the Hanoverian
army). 4to. 1820.
Annals of the House of Hanover.
2 vols, royal 8V0.182G. This is a well
arranged and judicious work.
An excellent work on the West In-
dies.
Colonel Webb.
Sept. 18. At New York, Edward
Webb, esq. of Adwell, near Tetsworlb,
Gloucestershire.
Colonel Webb was formerly represen-
tative of the city of Gloucester in Ptir-
liameut, having been elected on a vacancy
in 1816, and rechosen until the election of
1831. The Colonel, accompanied by his
daughter, Miss Webb, left this country a
few months ago, for the purpose of tra-
velling through the United States; on
reaching the t alls of Niagara he was taken
exceedingly ill, and his physician advised
his immediate removal to his native coun-
try ; subsequently, on reaching New
York, the symptoms appeared more
alarming, which in a few hours termi-
nated his existence. His physical powers
were so weakened by excessive sea-sick-
ness, that he could not again rally.
Few persons were more highly esteem-
ed, or enjoyed greater confidence than
the lamented gentleman, in both public
and private life; inflexible in principle,
and zealously alive to the interests of his
constituents and the welfare of his coun-
try, none will be more deeply regretted
or longer respected in the memories of
the citizens of Gloucester.
He married July 27, 1807, Jane-Mary.
Catharine, third and youngest daughter of
Sir John Guise, of Highnam, co. Glou-
cester, Bart, and sister to the present
Gen. Sir John Guise, Bart. He was
left a widower in 1814.
His body was brought to England, and
the funeral took place at Elmore, on the
21st of October. A numerous assemblage
of most of the respectable citizens of
Gloucester, clad in deep mourning, met
the procession about a mile from the
city, and attended it on its wav to the
family sepulchre at Elmore. 1 be bells
of the different churches were tolled all
the morning, and nearly all the shops
were partially closed.
Charles Hope Maclean, Esq.
Aug, U. At Wilton-crescent, Charles
Hope Macliean, esq. barrister-at-law.
He was the seventh and third surviving
son of Alexander 13th laird of Ardgour,
by Lady Margaret Hope, daughter of
John second Earl of Hopetoun, by Lady
Elizabeth Leslie, daughter of Alexander
5th Earl of Leven and Melville. Mr.
Maclean was M.A. of Balliol college,
Oxford ; and was called to the bar at the
Middle Temple, July 3, 1829. He prac-
tised in the Home Circuit and Surrey
Sessions ; and he was one of the Secre-
taries of the Statistical Society.
From the History of the Clan Maclean,
pubiibhed in 1838, we make the following
extract relative to this amiable gentleman :
** I know I should receive little thanks
at his hands were I to speak those senti-
ments which my feelings of esteem for
him would dictate. Where he is known,
any panegyric from my pen is uncalled
for ; btill it is no less due to him than it
becomes the duty of the author, that a
space in the Hittory qf the Cian Maclean
should be devoted at least to express the
X
/■
1840.] Obitv AKY.-^Thofnas Schutz, Esq.^Rev. IF, R. Hat/y MA. 95
in€a<;ure of gratitude which is so justly
doe to one whose disinterested and kind
encouragement has been the principal
means of bringing the work into exist-
ence.
** In person Charles Hope (of Ardgour)
is above the middle size, and of a very
manly appearance ; and did he live in the
days of Sir Lachlan M6r, or Sir Hector
of Inverkeithing, I make no doubt the
dajmore would have found more active
emplojrment than the pen, in bis grasp.
His manner is kind, affable, and candid,
and greatly calculated to command respect
and confidence. In conversation he is an
attentive listener, and particularly quick
of apprehension, which I should take to
be important requisites to one in the
profession which he pursues. Altogether
■is friendly, warm, and generous disposi-
tion enables me to add that I know of no
one bearing tne name of Maclean, whose
manner, on a short acquaintance, is more
calculated to command esteem and pre-
possess one in his favour, than Charles
Hope, Ardgour.'*
Mr. Hope married in Aug. 1836, Ca-
roline-Elizabeth, youngest daughter of
tbe late Charles Beckford Long, esq.
and had issue a daughter, Elizabeth, born
15th Sept. 1837.
Thomas Schutz, Esq.
Dte. 7. At Shotover House, Oxford-
shire, after a few days* illness, in his 80th
year, Thomas Schutz, esq. for many
jrears a Deputy Lieutenant of that county.
Mr. Schutz was also a Baron of the
Holy Roman Empire, by the title of
Baron Sinolt, otherwise Schutz, and the
last male branch of the family of Scbtitz
settled in England. His grandfather,
Augustus Schutz, accompanied George
1 1 . from Germany, and held the oflicc of
Master of the Robes and Privy Purse to
that Sovereign. The splendid mansion,
furniture, and pictures, and also the
estate of Shotover (forming part of the
ancient forest), were demised to his grand -
latber, Augustus Schutz, by Lieut.- Ge-
neral Tyrrell, his uncle, from whom it
passed to George Schutz, esq. and finally
to bis son. now dereused. Until within
a few years, Mr. Schutz was also pos-
sessor of the family estate of the Schi'itz's,
near Frankfort. A remarkable trait of
German honesty is attached to this pro-
perty. During the operation of the Buo>
naparte decrees, no remittances of money
could be made to this country ; but upon
their relaxation by subsequent events,
and when the by-gone rents of this pro-
perty for several years were considered by
Mr. Schutz as irrecoverably lost, the
tenant, of his own accord, remitted the
whole amount in arrear, informing iiim by
letter that he bad carefully laid it hyun'til
a proper opportunity for remittance oc-
curred.
Mr. Schutz was formerly a member of
Christ Church, Oxford, having been ma-
triculated April 17, 1779. Entering the
army, as an officer of the 15th light dra-
goons, at an early age, he did not proceed
to a regular degree, but was created an
honorary Doctor in Civil Law at the in-
stallation of Lord Grenville, in 1810.
He was for many years a Major, and af-
terwards a Lieutenant- Colonel, in the
Oxford regiment of Volunteers.
He was also lessee of the hundred and
manor of Mere, in Wiltshire, which estate
had been in his family for upwards of a
century. This last representative of his
name was distinguished for his benevo-
lence, whilst he fully maintained the high
honour of his ancestry.
The Rev. W. R. Hay, M.A.
Dec, 10. At Ackworth rectory, York-
shire, aged 78, the Rev. William Robert
Hay, M.A. Rector of that parish. Vicar
of Rochdale, and a Prebendary of York.
Mr. Hay was the third and youngest
son of the Hon. Edward Hay, sometime
Governor of Barbadoes, by Mary, daugh-
ter of Peter Flower, merchant of Lon-
don. His father was the fourth son of
George- Henry seventh Earl of Kinnoul,
by Lady Abigail Harley, daughter of the
Lord Treasurer Oxford ; and a younger
brother to Robert Lord Archbishop of
York.
Mr. Hay received his education at
Christ Church, Oxford, where he took
the degree of M.A. Oct. 24, 1783; and
during the early period of his life devoted
his talents to the study and practice of
the law. He was brought into connexion
with Lancashire, in his capacity as a bar-
rister on the circuit, where, in 1793, he
married Mary, widow of John Astley,
esq. of Diikinfield, tbe beautiful and ac-
complished daughter of William Wag-
staffe, esq. of Manchester.*
He now entered into holy orders, and
was presented to the rectory of Ackworth,
in the county of York, by the Chancellor
of the Duchy of Lancaster. In the year
1803 he succeeded Thomas Butterworth
Bayley, esq. as chairman of quarter ses-
sions for the hundred of Salford, which
office he held till the year 1823, when he
retired into private life. It is understood
• His elder brother Edward had pre-
\'iously married in 1782 Miss Elizabeth
Wagstaffe, sister to Mary ; she became a
widow in 1798, and was remarried to
General Kyd.
96
OniTVAfLY.^The Refo. W. R. Hm/, M.A.
[Jan.
that the strong recommendations made in
his favour to Lord Sidmouth, by the
municipal authorities and other respecta-
ble inhabitants of Manchester, with re<
gard to his conduct as a magistrate during
the riots of 1818, induced the gorern-
ment to ask and obtain from the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury his presentation to
the valuable vicarage of Rochdale, (net
yearly value 1730/.) which was conferred
upon him in 1819.
His character and talents have made an
impression on those who came within the
sphere of his acquaintance, which will
cause him to be remembered by his friends
with admiration and affection, and by his
political enemies (for personal enemies he
could have none) with feelings of deep
respect. Early introduced into the most
polished circles and the best literary
society of his own time, he constantly
bore about him the marks of that refined
sphere in which he had been nurtured,
and never foreot what was due to himself
or others in his intercourse with men of
every class and station ; of a cast of mind
and frame of body almost alike herculean,
he could grapple with the greatest legal
difficulties, and undergo the most con-
tinued efforts of bodily exertion, with a
perseverance and ease which it astonished
nis feebler associates to contemplate. No
threat of personal danger could shake a
nerve of his frame ; no sudden mental
difficulty find his intellect unprepared;
no rudeness of personal insult disturb the
habitual equanimity of his temper. His
conduct as a magistrate is confessed, even
by those who feel no great affection for
his acknowledged opinions, to have been
beyond all praise. Five minutes before
the opening of the court always found
him seated in the chair ; and, while he
occupied it, the mingled dignity and sua-
vity of his deportment, the knowledge
even of the nicest technicalities, as well
as of the general principles of law which
he exhibited, the unbiassed impartiality
with which he formed his decisions, and
the concise, dignified, and perspicuous
language with which those decisions were
enunciated, all tended to vindicate the
majesty of the law, and secure admiration
and regard towards him who so admirably
dispensed it. It is painful to look back
to the melancholy scenes which were en-
acted on the celebrated l6th of August,
1818. But we believe that all right-
thinking men and real patriots, of what-
ever shade of political opinion, are now
ready to confess, that Manchester owed
then as much to the firmness, and admi.
rable coolness and decision, of Mr. Hay,
as Newport has more recently done to
the patriotic conduct of Sir Thomat
12
Phillips. From the time he quitted the
chair of the quarter sessions, Mr. Hay
resigned in a great measure the duties of
a magistrate, and devoted himself exclu-
sively to those of his sacred profession.
In that profession he maintained the
same love of order and adherence to prin-
ciple, the same contempt of mere popu-
larity at the expense of right, which dis-
tinguished his legal career. This rigid
adherence to the line of strict duty
brought upon him much public obloquy
and personal disquiet, which a less precise
line of conduct would have escaped ; but
he grappled with all the difficulties of
such a situation with the intellect of a
giant, encountered his bitterest opponents
with the unvarying manners of a gentle-
man, and submitted to evils which he
could not overcome, with the philosophy
and piety of a Christian. In the inter-
course of private life, the playful brilliance
of his imagination, as well as the almost
infantile simplicity of his fancy, — ^his well-
stored fund of historical and political
knowledge, which, from a long and accu-
rate observation of men and things, had
brought
" His old experience to attain
To something like prnphetic strain,"—
his pleasing reminiscences of great men
and' great events in the last generation,
united with a perfect knowledge of, and
unfailing interest in, the men and events
of the present — his kind consideration for
the Avants and wishes of all around him,
from the highest to the lowest — his un-
changing good -humour — his faithful at-
tachment — his sober and unaffected piety,
— will justify his personal friends in say-
ing, what has often been said before, but
never with more truth, — '« VVe ne'er shall
look upon his like again."
liy the lady already mentioned, who
died on the I8th Feb. 1832, Mr. Hay had
issue a daughter, Mai7-Anne, and a son,
the llev. Edward Hay, bom in 1800.
WiLMAM Smith, LL.D. F.G.S.
Aug. 28. At Northampton, aged 70,
William Smith, LL.D. and F.G.S. the
Father of English Geology.
Of this very excellent and industrious
man a memoir appeared in the Natural
History Magazine for May Uist, written
by his nephew, John Phillips,e8q. F.R.S.,
Professor of Geology at king's College,
London ; which we shall now quote as
fullv as our limits will permit.
William Smith was born on the 23rd
of March, 1769, at Churchill, in Oxford-
shire, amidst the oolitic formations, from
an investigation of which he was subse-
quently conducted to geological disco-
Teriea of great importance. He inherited
\
1840.]
Obituary.— n^//tflfm Smith, LL.D. F.G.S.
97
a ftinall patrimony, but his education and
opportunities of acquiring knowledge were
Tffj imperfect, till, at the age of eigh-
teen, be attached himself to the late Mr.
Edward Webb, of Stow-on-the-Wold, to
learn the business of land-surveying, a
person of singular ability in his profession,
and extensive practice. In that situation
Mr. Smith had opportunities of contrast-
ing the lias and red marls of Worcester-
shire with the ** stonebrash" hills of Ox-
fordshire ; and the distinctions thus
brought under his notice as early as 1789,
were the germ of that systematic analysis
of English strata which he commenced in
1791.
In 1791, Mr. Smith was employed in
iorveying an estate at Nether Stowey, in
Somersetshire; and from this time till
1799 he was continually occupied in the
vicinity of fiath, as a land surveyor and
diil engineer. In this latter profession,
from 1793 till 1799, he was engaged in
executing the Somerset coal-canal. On
descending the Somersetshire coal-pits,
every inquiring person would receive from
the workmen the account of the regular
sequence of the strata below the " red
ground** given by Mr. Stracbey in the
** Philosophical Transactions" for 1721 ;
but Mr. Smith, guided by previous ob-
servations toward a conclusion which
perhaps was but dimly apparent to him-
»elf, immediately demanded if the " strata
were regular above the red ground?"
The answer was such as might be ex-
pected from persons of merely local expe-
rience ; the workmen declared that "there
was nothing regular above the red ground ;"
and Mr. Smith returned to the surface to
correct this popular error. In the year
1791, he drew detailed sections of the
ooal-nneasures pierced at High Littleton
and Timsbury, and represented the uii-
conformity of the red marl and lius above.
Familiarized from childhood with some
of the organic remains of the oolite, and
acquainted with the lias and red murl be-
low, Mr. Smith saw in Somersetshire
these strata overlying the coal measures ;
and having made detailed sections of the
coal strata, and collected organic remains
from these various deposits, he found
himself in possession of new and wide
generalizations, which it became the
enjoyment and the labour of his life to
unfold.
•* In the course of the two following
years, while continuing the duties of a
surveyor and civil engineer, he became
gradually acquainted with all the minute
facts of stratification in the country round
Bath ; and for the purpose of bringing to
the test the inquiries suggested by his
surveys in 1791, he made two transverse
Oknt. Mag. Vou XIII.
sections along the lines of two parallel
valleys intersecting the oolitic group,
(determining the actual elevation of these
lines by levels referred to those of the
Somerset coal-canal) ; and ascertained
that the several beds, found in the high
escarpments around Bath, were brought
down by an eastern dip, in regular suc-
cession, to the level of his lines of sec-
tion. During these two years Mr. Smith
was in the constant habit of making col-
lections of fossils, with strict indications
of their localities ; and, in completing the
details of his transverse sections, he
found, where the beds themselves were
obscure, that he could, by organic remains
alone, determine the true order of suc-
cession. During this period he also ex-
tended his surveys through the Cottes-
wold hills, and became acquainted with
the general facts of the range of the
oolitic escarpment towards the north of
England." (Sedgwick, in *' Address to
the Geological Society," 1831).
Early in 1794, Mr. Smith attended
Parliament on behalf of the Somerset
coal-canal company ; and in his journey
from Bath to London, observed the suc-
cessive escarpments of the oolitic forma-
tions and chalk hills ; and in the summer
of the same year he made a long journey
to the north of England with Mr. Palmer
and Mr. Perkins, for the purpose of col-
lecting information on canals and col-
lieries. Seated foremost in the chaise,
he explored every point of broken ground
on two lines between Bath and Newcas-
tle-on-Tyne ; and, instructed by previous
knowledge, he interpreted rightly the
contours of distant hills, and thus traced
the strata of Bath to the coast of Whitby,
and the chalk of the Wiltshire downs to
the wolds of Lincolnshire and Yorkshire.
At this period of his life Mr. Smith was
utterly unacquainted with books treating
of the natural history of the earth : he
had no other teacher than that acquired
* habit of observation ' which he has justly
recommended to his followers.
In 179o, hebccamea housekeeper, and
immediately began to arrange his collec-
tion of fossils from the vicinity of Bath,
in the order of the strata. His residence
in the Cottage C'rescent, near Rath, was
favourable for this object ; and before
1799 he had coloured geologically the
large sheets of the Somersetshire survey,
and a circular map of the vicinity of Bath.
By maps and sections, and arranged col-
lections of organic remains, he endea-
voured to explain to many scientific per-
sons those views regarding the regular
succession and continuity of strata, and
the definite distribution of animal and
vegetable forms in the earth, which are
.0
. * »
►
98
Obituary.— )^«7/tfl(m Smith, LL.D. F.G.S.
[Jan.
now the common property of Geology.
Among those who heard his explanations
at this early period, may be mentioned
Dr. James Anderson, of EdinWirgh ;
Mr. Davis, of Longleat; the Rev. J.
Townsend, author of ' Travels in Spain ;'
and the Rev. B. Richardson, of Farley.
The two last-named gentlemen were re-
markably able to appreciate the truth and
novelty of such views, both from their
general attainments in Natural History,
and their exact knowledge of the country
to which Mr. Smith directed their atten-
tion. Both of them possessed large col-
lections of organic remains, and both
were astonished and incredulous when
their new friend, taking up one fossil after
another, stated instantly from what par-
ticular rock, and even bed of stone, or
clay, the specimens were derived. Nor
were they less surprised when» in the
field, ' Strata Smith ' (as he was termed)
traced with ease and accuracy the ranges
of the rocks, by following the courses of
springs, and many other indications of
a change of the sub-strata. Both entered
with the zeal of novelty into the examina-
tion of a district which they had often
traversed before ; and Mr. Richardson's
was the hand which, in 1799, wrote from
Smith's dictation, the original * Tabular
View of the superposition of English
strata,* which has since been presented to
the Geological Society of London.
Dr. James Anderson earnestly entreat-
ed Mr. Smith to lay his discoveries be-
fore the public, and oifcred the assistance
of his literary experience and connexions
to aid him. Possibly the almost continual
occupation in which he was now engaged,
especially in the draining of land, — for
which Geology had taught him new and
certain methods, — may have prevented
his complying with those friendly and
judicious offers : the notion, however,
once admitted, revived from time to time,
and in 1801 a prospectus was printed,
containing proposals for publishing by
subscription, in 4to, a work to be enti-
tled * Accurate delineations and descrip.
tions of the natural order of the various
strata that are found in different parts of
England and Wales; with practical ob-
servations thereon.' For this work a
small and curious geological map was pre-
pared, and it was to have been accompa-
nied by a general section of the strata,
showing their proportionate thickness.
The prospectus is itself a Httle essay on
the practical applications of Geology, and
displays clearly the enlarged and precise
mastery of his subject, which finally led
to the completion (in 1815) of the great
' Delineation of the strata of England and
Wales.'
Mr. Smith's engagement as engineer to
the Somerset coal-canal ceased in 1799,
and he was from that time, for many
years, almost continually travelling in
various directions in the exercise of his
profession. To this he appears not to
have looked so much as a source of pro-
fit, as an occasion for seeing new districts,
and completing his general survey of
England and Wales. He was in the
habit of attending the agricultural meet-
ings called * sheep-shearings,' at Woburn
and Holkham, to exhibit his maps and
sections for the information of the as-
sembly. At one of these, in 1R04, Sir
Joseph Banks originated a public sub-
scription, to aid in defraying the cost of
publishing his * Observations on the Strata
of England and Wales.' In 1804 he
fixed his nominal residence in London,
(15, Buckingham-street, Strand,) re-
arranged his collection there on a new
and curious plan, and received many dis-
tinguished visitors. But his time vms
principally passed in Norfolk and Suffolk,
where he accomplished a remarkable
work, — stopping out the sea from a vast
extent of marsh land. In 180C the first
of his publications appeared, — a ' Treatise
on Irrigation,' from the Norwich press.
For one of the successful efforts at irri-
gation directed by Mr. Smith, the So-
ciety of Arts awarded their medal.
In 1808, the president and other mem-
bers of the Geological Society visited
Mr. Smith, and saw his collection of
fossils. In 1811 appeared the first vo-
lume of the * Geological Transactions,'
in which Mr. Smith's discoveries regard-
ing organic remains are noticed ; in 1813
the Rev. W. Townsend published the
first volume of his curious work, — ' The
character of Moses vindicated,*— con-
taining much information communicated
by Mr. Smith ; and at length, in August,
1815, appeared the long-expected * Deli-
neation of the Strata of England and
Wales,' on a new map engraved for the
purpose by Messrs. Gary, of London.
An arrangement was made in 1815, by
which the British Museum became pos-
sessed of Mr. Smith's whole collection of
organic remains, for the sum of £500;
and the task of arranging and describing
this collection, led to the publication of
two works in 4to, entitled * Strata Iden-
tified by Organized Fossils,' (1815,) and
* Stratigraphical System of Organized
Fossils,' n8l7,) the latter designed as an
index to tne specimens deposited in the
Britibh Museum. In 1818 appeared, in
the * Edinburgh Review,' the most able,
just, and discriminating survey of the
progress of English Geology ever penned ;
and if Mr. Smith's friends regretted the
\
1840.]
Obituary.— ^t7/tam Smith, LL.D. F.G.S,
99
kte appearance of his great map, and the
slow and difficult growth of his hard-
earned fame, they had reason to be thank-
ful that in the maturity of geological re-
search, at a time when the progress of
continental science could be rightly ap.
predated, the delicate task of estimating
the value and originality of his labours
was accomplished with the taste, truth,
and iDdependence which characterize the
writings of Dr. Fitton.
Between the appearance of the great
Soeral map in 1815 and the year 1821,
r. Smith published no less than twenty
geological maps of English counties, often
remarkable for their accuracy ; and be did
not afterwards desist from the labour of
preparing others, amidst difficulties and
privations such as few men devoted to
science have ever endured. In 1819 Mr.
Smith resigned his residence in London,
and had, in fact, scarcely any home but
the rocks until 1823, which year be passed
in Kirby Lonsdale, in 1824 be delivered
a course of lectures on Geology to the
members of the Yorkshire Philosophical
Society, then recently established ; these
were repeated in the same year, in con-
junction with his nephew (now Professor
Phillips) at Scarborough and Hull. A
similar effort was made at Sheffield in
16^, and soon afterwards Mr. Smith
accepted an engagement as agent to Sir
J. Johnstone, Bart, of Hackness, near
Scarborough, and withdrew for a while
from the wandering life and endless la-
bours he had imposed on himself.
In 1829 one who deeply felt the enthu-
siasm of active geological research, was
led by curiosity, or a better motive, to
visit the secluded valley of Hackness, and
contemplate the imprisoned energies of
an impassioned mind. He found a pa-
tient though disappointed man ; an in-
flexible activity of intellect, forced into
new and not infertile channels ; a gene-
rous sympathy with the progress of science,
shaded only by deep regret at his own
compulsory exclusiun from the active
promotion of it. Nothing that could be
effected by individual kindness was omitted
by the worthy proprietor of Hackness, to
encourage the veteran geologist, whose
mind, singularly gifted with the power of
living through the past, was often far away
from the spot where his labours, and per-
haps his life, were amusingly and usefully
prolonged.
The time, however, came at length,
when the voung geologists of England
drew from his retirement the unforgotten
Irudcr of their science. The Geological
Society of London awarded the first
medal placed at tlieir disposal by the be-
(^uesl of Wollaston to Mr. William
Smith, '< in consideration of his being a
great original discoverer in English Geo-
logy ; and especially for his being the
first, in this country, to discover and to
teach the identification of strata, and to
determine their succession, by means of
their imbedded fossils." Professor Sedg-
wick then occupied the chair of the Geo-
logical Society, and added to the value of
the distinction he was conferring on Mr.
Smith, by a careful estimation and proof
of bis right to receive it, and by the ac-
knowledgment, which could come with
better grace or greater force from no
living geologist, of his undoubted claim
to be recognised as the * Father of Eng-
lish Geology.* " If," observes this elo-
quent advocate of truth, *' in the pride of
our present strength, we were disposed
to forget our origin, our very speech
would bewray us ; for we use the lan-
guage which he taught us in the infancy
of our science. If wc, by our united
efforts, are chiselling the ornaments, and
slowly raising up the pinnacles, of one of
the temples of nature, it was he who gave
the plan, and laid the foundation, and
erected a portion of the solid walls, by
the unassisted labour of his hands."
In 1835 he received the degree of
LL.D. in Trinity college, Dublin.
No man ever withstood more bravely
than Mr. Smith the pressure of pecu-
niary difficulties ; they were, in fact, nei-
ther rashly nor recklessly incurred, but
inevitably brought on by the unconquer-
able desire of personally tracing the strata
of England and Wales. These difHculties
were however often excessive ; and after
the public tribute to the * Father of
P^nglihh Geology,' decreed by the Geolo-
gical I^ociety, it was impossible to avoid
an anxious fear that in the winter of his
age he would be destitute. An application
was made to the Crown, on the part of se-
veral eminent men of science, and persons
of high station, in the countiy, who had
known the practical value of Geology,
for the grant of a suitable pension. An
annuity of One Hundred Pounds was
the result of this well-timed application;
and from this limited income, at three-
score years and ten, the first English
geologist drew his scanty support. Un-
satisfied with his previous labours, he
employed the hitter years of his life in
extending his early observations and ap-
plying the discoveries of Geology to prac-
tical uses, and was one of the Committee
which recently issued their elaborate re-
port on the stone best fitted for the con-
struction of the Houses of Parliament.
In private life, the unaffected goodness
of his heart, the unoresumiiig simplicity
of his manners, and the striking originality
100
Obituary. — The Rev. George Turner.
[Jail.
of his remarks, endeared him to the widely
extended circle of his friends.'*
Dr. Smith came to Northampton from
London on Tuesday the 20th August,
to spend a few days with Mr. Baker, the
historian of that county, with an intention
to proceed to the meeting of the British
Association at Birmingham. On the
Friday following he was suddenly attacked
with a bilious diarrhoea, which imme-
diately prostrated his strength, and his
death ensued on Wednesday the 28th.
His body was attended to the grave in
the churchyard of St. Peter's, North-
ampton, by his nephew Professor Phillips,
and his afflicted friend, Mr. Baker, on
the Monday after his decease.
A portrait of Dr. Smith, taken in laSB
by Fourau, and engraved by T. A. Dean,
was published in the Supplement to the
Natural History Magazine for May.
The Rev. George Turner.
Nov. 9. In his 73rd year, the Rev.
George Turner, B.A. Rector of Kettle-
burgh and Moncwden, in Suffolk.
Mr. Turner was born at Pulham, in
Norfolk, and received the early part of
his education at the Free Grammar
School at Bury St. Edmund^s, under the
tuition of the Rev. Mr. Lauren tz, and
his classical acquirements there did ample
credit to the teaching of so distinguished
a master. Upon leaving Bury, he was,
for a short time, with a private tutor,
after which he was admitted of Jesus
college, Cambridge, and in 1788 pro-
ceeded to the degree of A. B. His pro-
ficiency in classical learning, while in col-
lege, was much increased, and his friends
confidently looked forward to his success
in an examination for one of the medals
given by the Chancellor of the University;
but, the study of mathematics being un-
suited to bis taste, his name appeared
only on the second Tripos, and be was
thereby precluded from offering himself
as a candidate for that high honour. As
soon as he was of sufficient age, he en-
tered into holy orders, and was for a
while curate in a parish near Harleston,
in Norfolk. In 1790 he married, and
soon after took upon himself the duties of
the parish of Kettleburgh ; settling him-
self in the parsonage- house there, which
he never quitted afterwards. Though
qualified by nature and education for any
station in life, his habits were retiring,
and, considering " the post of honour to
be a private station,*' he earnestly entered
upon the duties of a parish priest, and
never, to the end of his life, relaxed his
efforts in the due performance of them.
In 1803^ he was instituted to the rectory
of Monewden, on the presentation of the
late Chaloner Arcedeckne, esq. and in
1807 to that of Kettleburgh, patron the
late Robert Sparrow, esq. of Worlingham
hall, Suffolk. About the year 1804^ he
began to act as a magistrate, and in the
exercise of the duties of that office he
reaped golden opinions from all. Easy
of access, patient in the investigation of
cases and complaints which came before
him, and cool in the determination of
them, he was firm in the execution of that
determination ; though, in all instances
where his severe sense of duty would al-
low him, he was ever eager to temper
justice with mercy. Thus did he de-
servedly obtain the utmost popularity
among those who sought for justice at his
hands, as well as great respect and de-
ference to liis opinion from his brethren
on the bench. For nearly thirty years he
continued his exertions in this line of
duty ; but growing infirmities obliged him,
a few years since, greatly to the regret of
his neighbourhood, to retire from it.
In the performance of the duties of his
profession he was most exemplary; earnest
and impressive in the highest degree in
the pulpit, always alive to the wants of
his poor parishioners, relieving them in
their necessities, comforting them in
their afflictions, and earnestly endeavour-
ing, both by precept and example, to lead
them in the way they should go. Of his
social qualities, too much cannot be said ;
the friends he has left behind him, and
they were numerous, can best bear record
of the excellencies of this trait of his cha-
racter: always cheerful, lively and play-
ful in his conversation, his society was
eagerly sought for, and most highly ap-
preciated ; not only for the amusing
powers which he possessed, but for his
sound judgment and extensive informa-
tion on general subjects. The loss, there-
fore, of such a friend will long be most
sincerelv and deeply felt ; but upon his
family how much more heavily must it
fall ! in his relation with them, he was
indeed beyond all praise; his ever un-
ruffled good temper, his unvarying kind-
ness of heart, and large allowance for the
faults of others, and particularly of those
immediately about him, will have left
such a grateful remembrance of him, as
time only, the softener of all griefs, can be
ca))able of weakening or obliterating.
It is to be regretted, that the only me-
morial which he has left behind of his
literary attainments, is his edition of his
friend the Rev. Robert F'orby*s •* Voca-
bulary of East Anglia," 2 vols. 8vo. 1830,
to which, indeed, he was himself a laige
contributor. D. A. Y.
1840.]
Obituary.— C/er^j/ Deceased.
CLERGY DECEASED.
The Rev. John Boake^ Rector of
Swslcliffe, Kent, to wbicb he was pre-
sented in 1826 by Earl Cowpcr.
At Pinchbeck, Lincolnshire, the Rev.
John Bull, M. A. Curate of that parish.
The Rev. G. H. Haslewoodj Perpetual
Curate of Morvill with Aston Eyre, and
of Quatford, in Bridgnorth, Salop ; to
the former of which livings he was insti-
tuted in 1797, and to the latter in 1801.
Aged 37, the Rev. C. MoffatU Curate
of St. Mary's, Newry, co. Down.
The Rev. Richard Noble, Vicar of
Whalley and Perpetual Curate of Church
Kirk in Lancashire, and a magistrate for
that county. He was presented to the
former living in 1822 by Abp. Manners
Sutton, and to the latter in 1824 by the
Trustees of Hulme's Exhibitions.
Aged 71, the Rev. Morgan 0' Dono-
van, Rector of Dundurrow, and Chaplain
to the Corporation of Cork.
At Newport glebe-house, Tipperary,
affed 83, the Rev. Dr. J. Pennefather,
Rector of the Union of St. John's.
The Rev. Edward Roberts, Rector of
Halkin, Flintshire, to which he was col-
lated in 1819 by Dr. Luxmoore, then
Bp. of St. Asaph.
Aged 67, the Rev. Thomas Robyns,
Vicar of Marystow, Devonshire, to which
be was presented in 1819 by J. H. Tre-
mayne, esq. He was of Corpus
Cbnsti college, Cambridge, where he
graduated B.A. 1791, M.A. 1820.
At Cardiff, aged 65, the Rev. Ricliard
fi'amtt*/, Chaplain in the Royal Navy, and
formerly Curate of Swansea.
Oct. 3. At Corpus Christi college, Ox-
ford, in his 75th year, the Rev. Henry Di-
mock,'M.A. Chiiphiin,and formerly l-ellow
of that society, and Rector of Monks' Ris-
borough, Buckinghamshire. He was the
son of the Rev. Henry Dimock, Chap-
lain to Archbishop Moore, and the au-
thor of •' Critical and Explanatory Notes
on the Holy Scriptures." The cJcccased
waselected a Scholar of Corpus in 1782;
proceeded B.A. 1785. and M.A. 1789!
He was collated to his living by the late
Archbishop in 181 1.
At Boldon, Durham, the Rev. iVa-
thaniel John Holliuytworth, Rector of
thiit parish. He was born at Batterseu,
in Surrey, educated at Mcrchant-taylors*
school, and thence elected a Scholar of St.
John's college, Oxford, in 178J), became
actual Fellow in 1792, and graduated
B.A. 179.3, M.A. 1796. He was collated
to the rectory of Boldon by Hishop Van-
Mildert in 1829. He married Lucy,
daughter of the Rev. Dr. Neve, Mar-
garet Frofchsor of Divinity. And a ftw
days only before his dcctusc bis dau^'h.
101
ter, Amelia, was married to Calverley,
eldest son of the Rev. Calverley John
Bewicke, M.A. of Hallaton hall, Leices-
tershire.
At Sallowglen, co. Kerry, the Rev.
Francis Sandes, Curate of Lisleton, se-
cond son of the late T. Sandes, esq.
nephew to the Bishop of Waterford.
Oct. 5, Aged 83, the Rev. Richard
Constable, Prebendary of Chichester,
Vicar of Cowfold and Hailsham, Sussex.
He was formeriy Fellow of St. Peter's
college, Cambridge, where he graduated
B.A. 1778, M.A. 1781 ; was collated to
the prebend of Wisborough Green, in the
cathedral church of Chichester, by Bishop
Ashburnham, in 1796; to the vicarage of
Cowfold in 1801, by Bishop Buckner;and
presented to Hiiilsham in 1805, by E.
Mitchell, esq.
Oct. 8. At his seat, Belmont, near
Hereford, aged 92, the Rev. Richard
Prosser, D.U., a Prebendary of Here-
ford, and late Archdeacon of Durham. He
was born at Market Drayton, in Shrop-
shire ; and entered of Brasenose college,
Oxford, in 1767. He proceeded to the de-
grees of B.A. Oct. 10, 1770, and of M.A.
July 1, 1773, having, in the preceding
March, been elected to a Chaplain Fel-
lowship in his college. In 1783 he served
the oflice of Proctor ; at the expiration of
which, in 178i, he was admitted to the
degree of h.iy. He was for many years
one of the Delegates of the University
Press, and held, in succession, various
College offices, especially that of Tutor,
in which he was uniformly distinguished
for a faithful discharge of his duties, and
a strict, but courteous, maintenance of
academical discipline. l\\ Jan. 1792, he
was presented by his College to the rec-
tory of All Saints', Colchester, which he
vacated in 1796, on his being collated to
the rectory of Gateshead, by Bishop Bar-
rington. Jn the same year, also, he pro-
ceeded to the degree of D.D. He
married, June 16, 1796, Sarah, youngest
daughter and co-heiress of Samuel Wegg,
esq. of Bloomsbury.square, and Acton,
Middlesex, and had issue an only child,
Richard, who died in his youth. By the
patronage of the same Prelate, Dr. Pros-
ser was, in 1801, collated to a prebend in
the Cathedral of Durham, and afterward*
to the Archdeaconry, together with the
rectory of Easington. This latter pre-
ferment he resigned, and, during the re-
mainder of his life, with the exception of
his official residence at Durham, he resided
at his beautiful scat, Belmont, near Here-
ford, purchased by him of the late Co-
lonel Matthews, nnd in a county to which
he was strongly attached by the ties of hi*
earliest associatiouit and family councxion«.
102
Obituary. — Clergy Deceased.
[Jan.
Dr. Prosser was remarkable for a strong
attachment to the institutions of his
country, in Church and State, and
omitted no opportunity of testifying his
zeal for both, by personal exertions and
pecuniary donations. He possessed a
talent for business, and a clearness of
understanding which continued unim-
paired to the last; and he conciliated
general esteem by the benevolence of his
disposition and the urbanity of his manners.
Dr. Prosscr's large property descends,
it is believed, to his great-nephew, the
son of the late Rev. Dr. Haggitt, Pre-
bendary of Durham. His stall, under the
arrangements for endowing the University
of Durham, devolves to the Professor of
Greek in that institution, the Rev. Henry
Jenkyns.
Oct. 9. The Rev. Thomas Wetherherd,
Chaplain to the Hon. East India Com-
pany, and late of Leeds.
Oct, 10. Aged 70, the Rev. John
Roby, Rector of Congerston, Leicester-
shire, and Vicar of Austrey, Warwick-
shire. He was of Emanuel college,
Cambridge, B.A. 1791, M.A. 1791;
was presented to Congerston in 1793 by
Sir John Danvcrs, Bart, and to Austrey
in 1825 by Lord Chancellor Eldon.
Oct, 12. At Lichfield, aged 32, the
Rev. Henry Jevon Greene^ M.A. of
Trinity college, Cambridge.
Oct, 13. At St. Ives, Huntingdon-
shire, aged 63, the Rev. Cuthbert John-
son BaineSf Vicar of that parish. He
was the son of Cuthbert Baines, esq. of
Penzance ; was matriculated of Pembroke
college, Oxford, in 1793, and graduated
B.A. 1787, M.A. 1800. He was insti-
tuted to the vicarage of St. Ives in 1802.
Only four days before his death, his
eldest daughter had been married to his
curate, the Rev. H. Hayton.
Oct. H. At Madeira, the Rev. Ed-
Vfard Ashe, M.A. Rector of Harnhill,
and Vicar of Driffield, Gloucestershire.
He was the youngest son of the Rev.
Robert Ashe, of Langley house ; and
was presented to both his livings in 1833
by bis father.
At Codford St. Peter's, Wilts, aged
75^ the Rev. John Dampier^ for fifty-one
years Rector of that parish, and Rector
of Langton Matravers, Dorsetshire. He
was of Wadham college, Oxford, M.A.
1787 ; was presented to Codford St. Pe-
ter's in 1790 by Pembroke college; and
to Langton Matravers in . . . by his
own family.
Oct. 21. Aged 37, the Rev. Charles
Agar Hunt, B.A. Incumbent of St. Pe-
tards church, Blackburn.
Oct. 24. At Waghom'ii Hotel, Grand
Cairo, whilst travelling for his health, the
Rev. Joseph Clay.
Oct. 26. At Cheltenham, the Rev.
JohnMeara, Rectorofthe union of Head-
ford, CO. Gal way (rent charge 786/. per
ann.) in the gift of the Bishop of Tuam.
Oct. 29. Aged 74., the Rev. George
Osborne, Rector of Haslebeach, North-
amptonshire. He was of Clare hall,
Cambridge, M.A. 1799,and was presented
to Haslebeach in 1822 by Sir Thomas
A preece.
Oct. 31. At his seat, Macknay, near
Ballinasloe, aged 66, the Hon. and Rev.
Charles le Poer Trench, D.D. Arch-
deacon of Ardagh. He was the fourth
son of William. Power- Keatinge first
Earl of Clancarty, by Anne, eldest dau.
of the Rt. Hon. Chas. Gardiner, and
sister to Luke 1st Viscount Mountjoy;
and consequently brother to the late
Earl of Clancarty and the late Lord
Archbishop of Tuam. He died of
typhus fever,caught while attending atthe
sick bed of one of his poor parishioners.
His loss is great, in all the relations of a
private gentleman, a magistrate, and a
clergyman. He was very charitable,
sparing neither trouble, time, nor expense
when his exertions could be employed for
the deserving. Archdeacon Trench mar-
ried Miss Elwood, and has left issue three
sons and one daughter: 1. the Rev.
Frederick Trench ; 2. Charles j 3. Anne;
and 4. Henry.
Nov. 1. At Ipsley, Warwickshire,
aged 54, the Rev. Thomas Dolben Dolben,
Rector and patron of that parish with
Spurnall, to which he ^\'as instituted in
1829. His eldest son, a scholar of Wore,
coll. Oxford, died in 1836 (see our vol.
V. p. 677.)
A^op. 4. At the New Hotel, Hornsea,
aged 55, the Rev. John James Hudson,
Fellow of Magdalene college, Oxford, on
the Lincolnshire foundation. He gradu-
ated M.A. 1807, B.D. 1816.
The Rev. John James, Vicar of Tre-
garen, Cardiganshire.
Nor, 0. Aged 74, the Rev. Joseph
Taylor, for thirty-eight years Perpetual
Curate of Coppull, Lancashire, in the
parish of Standish, and Head Master of
Heskin School.
Nov. V2. At Kirk Deighton, near
Wetherby, aged 79, the Rev. James Gel-
dart, LL.D. Rector and patron of that
parish, and the senior magistrate of the
West Riding of Yorkshire. He was of
Trinity hall, Cambridge, where he gradu-
ated B.A. 1783, as 2d Senior Optime,
M.A. 1809; and LL.D. 1811., when he
was a Fellow of Trinity hall. He was
instituted to bis living in 1795.
%^jgf'
1840.]
Obituary. — Clergy Deceased,
103
iVbv. 13. Suddenly, of apoplexy, aged
37, the Rev. D, F. Harridgey Curate of
Lamersh, Essex.
Nov, 14. Aged 78, the Rev. Joieph
Hudton, Vicar of Stanwix, Cumberland,
to which church be was colUited in 1806
by Dr. Goodenough, then Bp. of Carlisle.
He was father of the Rev. Joseph Hud-
son, formerly Fellow of St. Peter's col-
lege, Cambridge.
IV^ov. 15. At North Cheam, Surrey, aged
GS, the Rev. John Cookesley, D.D. late
of Dawlish, Devon, and of Sydenham,
Kent.
Nov. 18. At Hastings, from an injury
caused by the overturning of his chaise,
aged 7-I-, the Rev. Robert Hele Selby Heie,
Rector of Brede, Sussex. He was the son
of Robert Helc Selby, esq. of Marazion,
Cornwall; was matriculated of Exeter
college, Oxford, June 2, 1783; graduated
B.A. 1788, M.A. 1789; and afterwards
he took the name of Hele on the death of
arelative. He was instituted to the rec
tory of Brede in 1822 on his own presen-
tation,andhc was lately V^iear and impro-
priator of Grays in Essex. He married
the eldest daughter of the late Dr. Home,
Bishop of Norwich and President of Mag-
dalene college, Oxford.
The Rev. Martin Gilpin ^ for fourteen
years Perpetual Curate of St. Thomas's
church, Stockport.
Nov. 26. The Rev. John Kipling, Per-
petual Curate of Chcarslcy, and Vicar of
Oukley, Buckinghamshire, and a magis-
trate for that county. He was the son of
the Rev. C. Kipling, of Dorton, Bucks ;
was matriculated of Lincoln college, Ox-
ford, in 178;^, graduated B.A. 1787.
M.A. 179(); was instituted to Chcarsley
in 171)1, and to Oakley in IHIO.
Dec. 3. At Ingleton, Yorkshire, aged
72, the Rev. Robert I/odgnon Greentrood,
Senior Fellow of 'i'rinity college, Cam-
bridge. He graduated B.A. 1791, as
16th Wrangler, M.A. 1791..
At the residence of his mother, Bra-
condale, Norwich, aged 33, the Rev. John
KinOf Curate of Redgrave, and chaplain
to the (ruiltrross union workhouse.
Dec. i. The iicv. I^wrence J. A^o/am,
Curate of Athboy, co. Meath, formerly a
priest of the church of Rome.
Dec. J. At Kdgbahton, Warwirkshire,
the Rev. John George Dreay, Minister of
Christ church, Birmingham, and a Pre-
bendary of Lichfield, lie was of Queen's
college, Cantbridge, B.A. 18.. ; he was
for a short time Curate of 'J'rinity church
in Birmingham, and for several years
Perpetual Curate of Haddenham, in the
Isle of Ely. lie was collated to (;hri»t
church, Birmingham, in 1832, by Bishop
Ryder, and the same prelate appointed
him, in 1835, to the prebendal stall of
Tachbrook, in the cathedral church of
Lichfield.
Dec. II. At Liverpool, aged 61, the
Rev. Richard Cardwelly minister of St.
Paul's church in that town.
Dec. 12. At Clifton, aged 41, the Rev.
Thomas Stretton Codrington, Vicar of
Wroughton, Wilts, to which preferment
he was presented in May 1^7, by the
Rev. Richard Pretyman, Canon Resi-
dentiary and Precentor in Lincoln cathe-
dral, B[ector of Wroughton, and patron
of the Vicarage. He was fourth son of
the late William Codrington, of Wrough-
ton House, esq., and was formerly of
Brasenose College, Oxford, in which
university he graduated in 1820. He
married 29th July, 1828, Eliza-Jemima,
youngest daughter of the late James
White, of Clifton, esq. and by her has
left issue six sons, viz. Thomas, born 31
May, 1829; Robert; William; Edward;
James- White, and Oliver. During the
twelve years of his incumbency, and for
the four preceding years in which he
laboured in the vineyard as Curate of
Wroughton, his whole time was devoted
to the discharge of his pastoral duties;
and it may be truly said that, in attending
to the comforts, and in alleviating the
distresses, of his poorer brethren, the
genuine principle of piety and charity
ever and alone actuated his conduct.
Among his equals, the excellence of his
understanding, the soundness of his judg-
ment, and the amiable qualities of lus
heart, gained him the esteem and good
will of all ; but by none will his prema-
ture death be so severely deplored as by
those who were accustomed to share the
communings of his inmost soul ; to them
his memory will be imperishable.
Dec. 15. At Haydon, near Taunton,
the Rev. Henry Barker^ Auditor of the
Chard and other Unions in West Somer-
set.
At Bath, aged 75, the Rev. John Ge-
netty M.A. He was educated at West-
minster, and afterwards entered a Pen-
sioner at Trinity college, Cambridge, of
which Society he became a scholar at the
commenrement of his second year. He
was for many years a Curate in a retired
village in Lancashire, and at length was
appointed Private (chaplain to the Duke
of Ancaster. He was the author of ** The
History of the English Stage from IGOO
to l&W."
At Preston, jjancashire, the Rev.
Roger Carut IVilion^ Vicar of that
parish, to which he was presented in
1817 by the Trustees of Hulmc's Exhi-
bitions.
104
OBfTUARY.
[Jan.
DEATHS.
LONDON AND ITS VICINITY.
.Nov. 9. At his residence in London,
Lawrence Reynolds, esq. of Paxton Hall,
near St. Neot's, for several years chair-
man of the Huntingdonshire Court of
Quarter Sessions, and an active magistrate
of the county. The marriage of his
eldest daughter to Reginald Curtcis, esq.
was recorded in our last Number, p. G44.
Nov. 15. In Maddox-street, aged 43,
William Urwin Sims, esq. a Director of the
Bank of England, Chairman of the Great
Western Railway Company, Chairman of
the Glenarvon Iron Company, and a Di-
rector of the Promoter Fire Insurance-
office. He was likewise a partner in the
firm of Jacobs, Sims, and Company, W^cst
India merchants, and Neville, Sims, and
Williams, in the Steel-yard. At an in-
quest it appeared that be had committed
suicide, for which the only reason that
could be assigned was that he had suffered
very much in his mind from the illness of
his sister. He died a bachelor.
Also by suicide, James Slack, esq. of
St. Paul's -terrace, Islington, for nearly
forty years one of the clerks in the Bank
of England.
Nov. 16. In the Temple, aged 60,
Thomas Thompson, esq. barrister-at-law,
who committed suicide at his chambers in
Harcourt-buildings. Since the extensive
fire in Paper-buildings, upon which occa-
sion he nearly lost his life, he was more or
less excited. About twelve months since
be suffered under delu sion that the benchers
of the Inner Temple had taken measures
to disbar him, as he had practised a deceit
upon them, in saying that his father was
an esquire, whereas he was only a che-
mist. He was called to the bar on the
25ch Nov. 1819. It is said that he has
by his will left 18,000/. to Mr. Chambers,
as a compensation for the loss of his
place as a police magistrate at Marlbo-
rough.street.
Nov. 20. At South Lambeth, Mary,
relict of Dr. Scarlett, M.D. of Duckett's
Spring, Jamaica.
Thomas Miller, esq. of Ely-place.
Nov, 21. In Upper Woburn.pl. aged
56, Major Lcwin Scott Smith, formerly
of the Madras Establishment.
At Brompton-sq. Robert Stewart, esq.
late of Calcutta.
Nov. 22. In RusscU-sq. aged 80, John
Hanson, esq. formerly of Great Bromley
Hall, and late of Woodford, Essex, leav-
ing 10 surviving children, and 39 grand-
children.
Nov. 23. At Kensington, in his 90th
year, Joseph Cocksedge, esq.
In Cavcndish-sq. Mrs. Scarisbricky of
13
Golbome Park, Lancashire, widow of
Thomas Scarisbriek, esq.
At Barnes common, Henry Watson,
esq.
Nov. 24. At Kensington, aged 88,
the relict of the Rev. Francis Weybridge.
In her 70th year, Mrs. Frances Unett,
sister of John Wilkes Unett, esq. of Bir-
mingham.
At Kensington, aged 81, John Lem.
priere, esq. formerly her Majesty's Con-
sul at Pernambuco.
Nov. 25. At Clapham, Catherine,
eldest and only surviving dau. of the late
C. L. Spitta, esq. of Peckham.
Nov. 27. At Highgate, aged 85, Ka-
tharine, relict of John Hodson, esq. for-
merly of Wellingborough. Her body was
buried in the Highgate Cemetery.
In Connaught-sq. aged 72, Everilda
Dorothea, second dau. of the late Sir
Mordaunt Martin, Bart, and widow of
the Rev. Thomas Barnard, M.A. Vicar
of Great Amwell.
Nov. 28. At York-terr. Regenfs-pk.
aged 81, Gen. Samuel Bradshaw, late of
the Bengal Service.
Nov. 29. At Kentish-town, William
Abington, cso. late of the Cadet-office,
East India House, and for 47 years a
faithful and zealous servant of the Com-
panv.
Aged 36, Mary, the wife of Samuel
Montague Stable, esq. of Esdaile house,
Hampstead Road. Her body was in-
terred in the Highgate Cemeterv.
Nov. 30. At the house of his niece,
Mrs. R. Wynne Williams, in Hatton
Garden, aged 83, William Ackroyd, esq.
of the Royal Marines, one of the few
surviving veterans who had ser\'cd under
Rodney, Hood, Keppel, and Byron. He
was a Lieut, in the rortun^'C frigate when
his late Majesty joined that ship in 1782,
but retired from the service on his mar-
riage at the peace of 1783. In 1834 his
Majesty met with Mr. Ackroyd, and re-
cognised him in the true spirit of a British
sailor, and was graciously pleased to write
him a letter, *« That he well recollected
him to be an active and zealous officer,
whose corps was always in the highest
order.'* Mr. Ackroyd was a bright ex-
ample of unaffected Christian piety and
benevolence.
At Brixton, in her 50th year, Harriot,
wife of Caj)t. Thomas Warrand, R.N.
Lately. Mr. Ephraim Bond. His will
has been proved at Doctors' Commons,
by his executor and only brother, Mr.
Joseph Bond, of St. Jamcs's-street. The
value of his property left is about 55,000/.
All partnership debts, furniture, &c. to
bis brother. To his sister, for Ufe, 150/.
1840.]
Obituary.
105
per aimuin, and a freehold estate at Han-
tings, which, at her death, is to revert to
her brother. The residue to ensure an
annuity for life to the testator's widow,
and at her death this also is to revert to
the brother. By his losing speculations
in the Adelphi and Queen's theatres,
turf speculations, &c. it is calculated his
property has been reduced nearly 40,000/.
Dte, 2. In Berkeley-st. Louisa, wife
of Robert H. Temple, esq. of Waters-
town, Westmeath.
At Dalston, aged 77, Edmund Briggs,
esq.
In Charlotte-st. Bedford-sq. aged 83,
John Haynes Harrison, esq. of Copford-
baU, Essex.
Dec, 3. In Charles. st. Berkeley>sq.
aged 82, Mrs. Beadon, relict of the late
Lfiord Bishop of Bath and Wells.
In Bedford-place, Catharine, relict of
William Smith, esq. of Fairy.hall, near
Eltham.
At Crane-court, Doctors' Commons,
aged 78, James Howard Randell, esq.
Dec, 4. Three weeks after giving birth
to a daughter, in her 25th year, I^uisa,
wife of Mr. James Figgins. Her body
was interred at the Highgate Cemetery.
Dee, 5. Aged 44, Richard Greenland
Denne, esq. of the Inner Temple, barris-
ter, youngest son of the late Richard
Denne, esq. of Winchelsoa. He was
called to the bar Nov. 24, 1826.
Dec. 6. At Walworth, WUliam Car.
roll, esq. surgeon R.N.
Aged 65, John Buck, esq. of South-
st. (insbury.
Etheldred-Catharine, wife of Lord
Chas. Spencer Churchill, 2d son of the
Duke of Marlborough. She was the
second daughter of John Benett, esq.
M.P. for South Wilts, was married in
1827, and has left several children.
Dee, 7. At Barnes, aged 68, John
Hillersdon, esq. Deputy Governor of the
Corporation of the lx)ndon Assurance,
and Governor of the Lead Company.
In Harley-street, aged 72, the wife of
Robert Prickett, esq.
Aged 67, Bartholomew Bamewall, esq.
Dee, 8. In Charlotte-st. Bedford-sq.
Med 83, Mrs. Elizabeth Harrison, of
&elvedon, Essex.
Dee, 9. At Homsey, aged 67, TuUie
Joseph Comthwaite, esq.
Aged 82, Ann, wife of Edward C.
Robinson, esq. Dep. Comm.-Gen., of
Upper Belgrave- place.
At Islington, aged 72, Charlotte, widow
of W. Hardisty, of the Chancery Sub-
poina Office.
In Cavendish-sq. aged .15, Stephen
Love Hammick, M. D., Fellow of the
Hoyal College of Physicians, and one of
Gent. Mag. Vol. XIII.
Dr. Radcliffe's Travelling Fellows of the
University of Oxford, to which he was
appointed on the 8th of July, 1831. Dr.
Hammick was the eldest son of Sir Ste-
phen Love Hammick, Bart., and entered
as Commoner of Christ Church in 1822.
He took his degree of B.A. 1826 ; M. A.
1829; B.M. 1831, and D.M. 1894; and
pursued his professional studies at St.
George's Hospital. In 1838 he pub-
lished a translation of ** Mesterlich's
Chemistry."
Dee, 10. At Brompton-crescent, Ele-
anor, relict of Walter Hebden, esq., of
Stockwell.
At Highgate, aged 64, Joseph GodfireY,
esq. His lM>dy was interred in the High-
gate Cemetery.
In Hyde^ark-place West, in her 80th
year, the Right Hon. Harriett- Anne
dowager Lady De la Zouche. She was
the only daughter and heiress of William
Southwell, esq. (uncle of Edward 20th
Lord de Clifford), and widow of Cecil
Lord de la Zouche, who was married on
the 27th June 1782, and died on Uth
Nov. 1828. Her ladyship leaves two
surviving daughters — Harriett- Anne Ba-
roness de la Zouche, married to the Hon.
Robert Curzon, uncle of Earl Howe; and
Katharine Annabella, married to Capt.
G. R. Pechell. R. N., M.P., one of the
Equerries to Queen Adelaide. Her body
has been deposited in the family vault at
Parbam, Sussex.
Aged 50, Mr. William Taylor, for-
meriy of Pope's Head-alley, and of Canon-
bury-square, Islington, stockbroker. He
was found dead in a cub, from congested
blood upon the brain, in consequence of
constant excess in spirituous liquors.
Dee, 11. At the house of his father.
North-end, Fulham, aged 28, Mr. George
James Walls, of Hart-st. Bloombury-sq.,
solicitor.
Dee, 12. At Tulse-hill, aged 88, Jo-
seph Scott, esq.
Dee, 13. At Wandsworth, Anne- Ellen,
wife of Rev. Thomas Bourdillon, Vicar
of Fenstanton, Hunts.
Judith, wife of James Anderton, esq.
of Bridge-street, Blackfriars. Her body
was interred in the Highgate Cemetery.
Aged 46, George Cooper Bumand, esq.
late of New Bond-st.
At Broom. hill, Shooter's-hill (the seat
of his brother, H. R. Willett, esq.) John
Willett Willett, esq. of Mericy house,
Dorset.
Dee, 14. At Piccadilly, aged 84,
Henry Hall, esq.
Dee, 15. At Mabledon .place, Blary,
wife of William Barker, esq.
Dee, 16. In Chapel-street, Grosvenor-
place, aged 81, Geoit^ Goodwin, esq.
P
106
Obituary.
[Jan.
In Golden-sq., aged 41 Jena, second
daughter of the late Thomas Babington,
esq. of Rothley Temple, co. Leic.
Dee. 17. In Brook-street, Lower Dept-
ford, in bis 70th year, an old shoemaker
named Allen, leaving 6000/. in cash and
notes, and a similar sum invested in the
Bank of England. The deceased lived
in the most penurious manner, and during
bis illness would not apply for medical
advice, nor have any one to attend upon
bim. On examining the boxes and draw-
ers in bis bouse, his money and documents
were found hidden between the leaves of
books; and in some bags were penny-
pieces and faithings to the amount of
40/., which must have been hoarded up
for many years, as most of them were
mildewed. A will was also found, be-
queathing the whole of his treasures to
bis relatives, about 10 in number. The
old man was a bachelor, and a native of
Scotland.
Dec, 18. At Argyll-place, in his 80th
year, Major Henry Mercer, late of the
East India service.
At Bedford-square, Lady Wood, relict
of Sir George \Vood> Knt. Baron of the
Exchequer.
Bedford. — Dec, 7. At Bedford, aged
75, John Parker, esq.
Berks. — Dec, 18. At Bellevue, near
Reading, Mary. Ann, wife of T. Bacon,
esq.
Cambridge. — Nov. 20. Aged 90, Mrs.
Mortlock, of Prospect-row, Cambridge.
Dec. 1. At Clare-hall Lodge, in his
22d year, William, eldest son of the Rev.
Dr. Webb. He was a member of Trinity
college.
Dec. 5. At West Wratting, aged 82,
Anne, the widow of the Rev. Samuel
Parlby, late Vicar of Stoke -by- Nayland.
Cheshire. — Nov. 15. In her 77th year,
Catherine, relict of the Rev. G. H.
Lardner, M. A. Rector of Thurstaston.
Cornwall. — Nov. 24. At Bodmin,
John Flamank Phillips, esq., third son of
the late Rev. N. Phillips, Rector of
Lanivet.
Dec, 6. At Perran wharf, near Truro,
Lewis Fox, esq. youngest son of the late
Robert Fox, esq., of Falmouth.
Devon. — Nov. 30. At the residence
of Edward Shearm, esq. Stratton, aged
74, Miss Vowler, late of Hols worthy.
Dec, 4. Aged 82, Francis James, esq.,
for many years Steward of the late Earl
of Devon, from which situation he retired
in 1806.
Dec, 6. At Dawlish, aged 56^ Thomas
Aston, esq., late of Upper GuUdford-st.
Dec, 7. At Exeter, Maigaret, wife of
Lieut.-Gen. Sir W, Patenon, K.C.B,
daughter of the late John Mair, esq. of
Plantation, near Glasgow.
Dec. 8. At Stoke, aged 64, Cordelia,
wife of Thomas Husband, esq.
Dec. 11. At Paignton, in his 80th
year, Thomas Rennell, esq., late of the
Bank of England.
Dec. 16. At Powderham C/astle, aged
62, the Right Hon. Harriett Countess of
Devon. She was the daughter of the late
Sir Lucas Pepys, Bart. M.D. and Jane
Countess of Rothes, and was married on
the 29th Nov. 1804. She has left issue
three sons.
Dorset. — Nov. 30. At Dorchester,
aged 53, James Willis Weston, esq.
Lately. The late Misses Marsh (whose
death is recorded in our last Number, p.
663) bequeathed to the Vicar of Stur-
minster, -and his successors, in trust, for
apprenticing children, 500/. ; to the So-
ciety for the Propagation of the Gospel
in Foreigii Parts, 100/.; to the Society
for the Relief of the Widows and Or-
phans of deceased Clergymen in the
county of Dorset, 100/. ; to the Dorset
Lunatic Asylum, 50/.; and to the Stur*
minster Friendly Society, 20/.
At West Lulwortb, aged 55, Lieut.
Nicholas Gould, R.N., fifth son of the
late Nicholas Gould, esq. of Frome.
house, one of the oldest families in Dor-
set. He faithfully served his country 44
years.
Dec. 10. At Piddletown, aged 69, Ro.
bert Alner, esq.
Dec. 13. Aged 82, Henry Biging, esq.
of Bourton.
Essex.— iVbv. 22. Aged 56, Samuel
Benton, esq. of Brittains, Homcburch.
Nov. 30. Aged 85, Robert Scratton,
esq. of Southend.
Lately. At Witham, Mary, relict of
the Rev. John Eaton, D.C.L.
Dec. 11. At Plaistow, aged 77, Robert
Humphrey Marten, esq.
Dec. 15. At Ley ton, aged 84, Lewis
Charles Daubuz, esq.
Gloucester. — Nov, 23. At Cbelten-
ham, aged 58, Col. Josiah Stewart, C. B.
of Fort St. George, Madras.
Nov. 30. At Nailsworth, in her 80th
year, Fanny, relict of Jeremiah Day, esq.
At the residence of his daughter, Mrs.
Ormsby, Cheltenham, John Underwood,
esq. late a Member of the Medical Board
at Madras.
Lately. At Norman Hill, aged 24,
John Blagden Phelps, B. A. of Oriel
college, Oxford, youngest son of the late
Rev. Jas. Phelps, M.A. Rector of Al-
derley, Gloucestershire. He entered a
Commoner of Orid in 1833; and took bia
degree of B. A. 1839.
At Cheltenham, aged 18, Sybilla Miuryt
1840.]
Obituary.
lor
Only dau. of W. Wakeman, esq. of Beck.
ford.hall.
Dee.l, Aged &i, Edmund Clutterbuck,
esq. of Avening.
Dee, 6. At Clifton, at the residence of
her son.in-law Mr. Callender, in her
74th jear, Elizabeth, relict of John Grun-
don, esq. of Cambridge, and last surviving
child of the late J. F. Fahvasser, esq. of
Maidenhead.
Z>ec. 8. At Cheltenham, in his 72d
year, John Aylmer, esq. brother of the
late Sir Fenton A^lmer, Bart, of Do-
jiadea Castle, co. Kildare.
Dee. 9. At Lower Easton, aged 77,
George Long, esq. He was the sur-
viving brother of Mr. Thomas Long,
late of Montpellier.
Dec. 15. George Rooke, esq. of Bigs-
wear.
Dec. 18. At Cheltenham, Richard
Warren Coley, M.D. R.N.
Hants.— iVop. 25. At Christchurch,
aged 58, Mr. James Pike, senior burgess
of the Corporation, and many years bar-
rack-master of the cavalry barracks.
At Winchester, George, son of W. V.
Wickham, esq.
At Itchen Ferry, much advanced in
years, the widow of Mr. Wm. Smith,
late bMuiker and collector of the port of
Southampton. Her remains were in-
tcrred in the family vault, in St. John's
churchyard.
Nov. 30. At Anglesey Ville, near Gos-
port, aged 78, Mrs. Majendie, relict of
the late Bishop of Bangor.
Lately. At Winton, aged 79, Mary, re-
lict of Wm. Budd, esq. of Ropley.
Dec. 3. At Itchen Stoke, aged 18
months, Everard Alexander, only son of
the Hon. and Kev. Fred. Baring.
Dee. 15. At Andover, aged 56, Maria,
the wife of Thomas Heath, esq. banker.
Hy.KKTOKtt.—Laiely. At the Church
House, Lyonshall, aged 8(), T. Jeffries,
rtw|. formerly of the Grove, in the same
county.
Dec. 3. At Hereford, aged 77, H.
Waddington, ena. uncle of the Bishop of
Gloucester and Bristol ; of the Rev. Geo.
Waddington, Prcb. of ChichcKter ; and of
Horace Waddington, esq. Recorder of
Warwick.
Hkrts.— Aor. 17. Maria- Matilda, dau.
of the late William Dent, esq. of Brick-
rndoii Bury, and Orange Court, Chig-
well.
Dec. h. At IppoUittn, aged 64, Mar-
garet, widow of the Rev. Wm. Lax.
f>ec. 15. At (kxlicote Bury, Mr. John
Wyman, eldest son of (J. Wymaii, cHq.
Huntingdon.— ATor. 10. In her U;^d
year, the wife of J. Whitwell, es(|. of
Great Stukeley.
Kent. — Nov. 26. At Sittingboume,
aged 22, Michael Henry, son of the late
Michael Oakeshott, esq.
Nov. 27. At Canterbury, aged 42,
Sydney, wife of William Mount, esq.
Lately. At Eastry, aged 57, Charlotte,
wife of Wm. F. Boteler, esq. of Graves-
end, and sister to the Rev. Dr. Jopes.
Aged 06, Rebecca, relict of James
Wybom, esq. Hull-house, Kent.
Dec. 3. At St. John'S'hill, near Seven-
oaks, aged 57, Ellen, relict of C. C. Pet-
ley, esq. of Riverhead.
Dee. 7. In her 80th year, Sarah, relict
of Jeremiah Curteis, esq. of Heronden-
house, Tenterden, youngest dau. of the
late Rev. T. Curteis, D.D. Preb. of Can-
terbury, and Rector of Sevenoaks, Kent.
Dec. 13. At Vale Mascal, North Cray,
Wm. Frederick Lawson, esq. Clerk of
the Peace for the county of Surrey, son
of William Lawson, esq. formerly Clerk
of the Peace, who since his son*s death
has been restored to the office.
Dec. 14. At Bishopsboume rectory,
John M'Divitt, esq. M.D., consulting
physician to the Kent and Canterbury
Hospital.
Lancashire. — Nov. 14. At Clitbe-
roe, aged 23, Christopher, third son of
the Rev. Philip Abbott.
Lately. At Salford, aged 49, Mr.
Matthew Vipond, a celebrated swimmer,
whose exploits in the Mersey are well
known at Liverpool. On the 11th of
July 18% he swam from the Rock Point
to Runcorn, a distance of twenty-two
miles, in Ave hours and a half, having only
a fifteen feet tide with him.
Dec. 10. At Hey Brook, Rochdale,
John Holland, esq. one of the magistrates
of that borough.
Lincoln. — Nov. 29. Emma, wife of
the Rev. Francis Wilson, Vicar of
Salcsby.
Middlesex. — Nov. 9. At Great Eal-
ing, aged 85, Mrs. Olivia Cuthbertson.
Dec. 13. Aged 83, Martha, relict of
Peter Tabois, esq. of Great Ealing.
Monmouth. — Nov. 29. At Caerleon,
John Hamman Pritchard, esq.
Norfolk. — Nov. 2. At Yarmouth,
aged 52, Isabel, wife of John Kitson, esq.
one of the Registrars of the Diocese, and
eldest dau. of the late Wm. Webb, esq. of
Pulham.
Nov. 14. Aged 70, J. Burrell Faux,
csn. of Thetfora.
KoRTHAMPTON. — .Vor. 9. At Millc-
ccnt, Mary, eldest dau. of the late Thok.
Beet, em|. of Great Houghton.
At Northampton, John Lucas, Ch4{. the
youngest and only brother who survived
the Ute W. Z. Lucas Word, esq. of Guili*
boroogh-ball.
loa
OsiTUABVi
[Jan.
Nov, 21. At Chipping Warden, aged
95, Mrs. Frances Tavrey.
Dec. 2. At the residence of her son
the Rev. E. Wilson, Costock rectory,
aged 68, the widow of the Rev. W. Bee-
tbam, late Rector of Costock.
Dec. 3. At Higham Ferrers, Edward,
third son of the late Rev. George W.
Malim, Vicar of that place.
Notts.— -Aa/e/y. At Stoke, aged 81,
the Hon. Esther, widow of Sir George
Bromley, Bart, and aunt to Earl Howe.
She was the eldest dau. of Assheton Ist
Viscount Curzon, by his first wife, Es-
ther, only dau. and heiress of Wm. Han-
mer, of the Fenns co. Flint, esq. was
married in 1778, and left a widow in 1808,
having had issue an only son, the present
Sir Robert Howe Bromley, Bart.
Oxford.— A^ot7. 19. At Woodstock,
in her 2l8t year, and four months after
her marriage, Henrietta, wife of Thomas
A. W. Parker, esq. M.P. for Oxford-
shire, and nephew to the Earl of Mac-
clesfield. She was the youngest dau. of
Edmund Turnor, esq. of Stoke Rochford.
Her body was interred in the vault of the
Macclesfield family at Sbirbum Castle.
Dec. 6. At Mey, Catherine, relict of
the Rev. John Davies, Fellow of Jesus
college, and Rector of Longworth, Berks.
Salop. — Nov. 26. At Market Dray-
ton, Richard Marigold Nonelv, esq. of
Market Drayton, and Nonely-ball, Lop-
pington.
Somerset. — Nov. 18. At Bath, at a
very advanced age, Mrs. Ford, widow of
John Ford, esq. and grandmother of
Lady Eardley Wilmot.
Lately. At Taunton, aged 83, Mr.
William Soady. He was a merchant of
considerable importance and affluence in
Devonport, and by an unfortunate specu-
lation failed ; he then redoubled his ex-
ertions in business, and at the expiration
of a few years called his creditors together
and paid the deficiency of the dividend, to
make 20*. in the pound.
Dec. ]. At Bath, Emma, youngest dau.
of the late W. Broderip, esq. of Clifton.
Sarah, widow of Lieut.- Col. Pearson,
Bengal Art. For upwards of thirty years
she was the zealous and benevolent pa-
troness of the " Charitable Institution and
School of Industry," in Taunton.
Dec. 3. At Hillary-house, Axminster,
aged 78, Wm. Knight, esq.
Dec. 14. At Wincanton, aged 77,
George Baker, esq.
Dec, 15. At Bath, Charles Penrud-
docke, esq. barrister- at-law. He was cal-
led to the bar at the Middle Temple,
Nov. 28. 1823.
Dec. 16. At Bath, aged 70, Mrs. H.
Benson, daughter of the late Dr. Benson,
Preb. of Canterbury.
Stafford.— iViw. 12. At his residence,
Fosseway-house, near Lichfield, in his
47th year, Henry Holmes Bradbum, esq.
Dec. 3. At Wichnor Park, agc^ 74,
Theophilus Levett, esq.
Suffolk.— JVbc. 30. At Yoxford, aged
56, G. Wilson, esq,
Surrey.— iVbt;. 30. At Wonersh, a^ed
48, Esther Susannah, second surviving
dau. of the late Hon. Granville Anson
Chetwynd Stapylton.
Dec. 3. At Farnham, in his 80th year,
John Hollist, esq. solicitor.
Dec. b. At Richmond, aged 78, Sarah
Frances, relict of Mr. John Catliiur, of
Lcwisham, and formerly verger of West-
minster Abbey.
Dec. 6. At Walton.upon-Thames, aged
56^ Mrs. Jane Margaret, wife of Lieut.
John Middleton, R. N.
Sussex. — Nov. 18. At Horsham, aged
69, Stephen James Smith, esq.
Nov. 21. At St. Leonard^s-on-Sea,
Eleanor, daughter of the kite Thomas
Mai thy, esq. of Upper Harley-street.
Nov. 26. At Brighton, in her 90tJi
year, Mary, relict of Robert Hoggart,
esq. formerly of Foxgrove, Beckenham.
Nov. 28. At Brighton, aged 47, Robert
Finch Newman, esq. late Solicitor to the
City of London.
Nov. 30. At Brighton, in the 19th
year of her age, the Hon. Eleanor Louisa
Brougham, only surviving child oi Lord
Brougham. On the 4th Dec. her bodv
was interred in Lincoln's Inn Chapel.
Among those present were — Lord
Brougham, as chief mourner; Lord Den-
man, Sir N. Tindal, Mr. Vizard, Mr.
Miller, of the Bankruptcy Court, and
Mr. C. Phillips. ThU is said to be the
only instance on record of the interment
of a female in Lincoln's Inn.
Dec. 4. At Hastings, William Hennr
Stringer, esq. eldest son of the late W.
Stringer, esq. of Ashford, Kent
Dec. . . At Hastings, sged 52, after a
lingering illness of nearly two years, the
Right Hon. Theodosia Spring Kice, Lady
Monteagle. She was the second daugh-
ter of the Earl of Limerick, by Mary
Alice, only daughter and heir of Henry
Ormsby, and was married to Mr. Spring
Rice (lately created Lord Monteagle) in
1811. She has left two sons and three
daughters. Her body was interred at
Ore, near Hastings.
Dec. 12. At Bognor, aged 72, Richard
Dallv, esq. formerly an eminent solicitor
in Chichester.
Dec. 13. At Brighton, aged 65» An*
thony Meilan, esq.
1840.]
Obituary.
109
At Brighton, aged 76, the relict of Jas.
Dixon, esq. late of Bridge-st. Blackfriari.
Wabwick.^-A^ov. 15. At Handsworth,
aged 85, William Murdock, esq. the per.
BOO who first applied coal-gas to the
porpose of illumination.
Nw. 19. At £rdington, aged 70, Mr.
Joseph Allen, a native of Birmingham^
and an artist of distinguished eminence.
Nov, 23. At Leamington, Mary«
Firances, wife of Lieut.- Colonel Dixon,
Scotch Fusilier Guards, and niece of Sir
Robert Wilmot, Bart, of Chaddesden.
Nov. 25. At Little Kineton, aged 44,
William Edward King, esq. son of the
late James King, esq.
Dee. 17. Aged 72, John Everard, esq.
of Attleborougb, near Nuneaton.
Wilts. — Nov. 29. At Amesburj, at
an advanced age, Chas. Sutherland, esq.,
late of South-st. Grosvenor-sq.
Dee. 10. Aged 55, Margaret, youngest
dau. of the late Rev. Henry Hawea,
Rector of Ditteridge and Little Lang,
ford.
At Warminster, aged 62, Thomas
Davis, esq. He was for more than thirty
years steward of the extensive estates of
the Marquess of Bath, and was similarly
employed by other landed proprietors.
Few men have been more sincerely re-
spected and beloved.
Worcester. — Nw. 5. At Stourbridge,
aged 52, Isaac Downing, esq., for many
years past an eminent surgeon of that
place.
Noe. 17. William Taylor, esq. youngest
son of the late John Taylor, esq., of
JUoseley Hall.
Nov. 27. At the PaUce, Worcester,
mA 65, Mrs. Carr, wife of the Lord
Bishop of Worcester.
At the rectory, Naunton Beauchamp,
aged 78, Sarah, relict of the Rev. Corne-
lius Copner, whose death is recorded in
our last number, p. 660.
York. — Nov. 29. At the house of C.
T. Soulsby, esq., Bessingby, aged 82,
Miss Hudson, aunt to H. Hudson, esq.,
of Bessingby-hall.
Lately. At Thirsk, ased 78, Lucretia,
relict of Samuel Sturbuclc, esq., of Mil-
ford, South Wales.
Dee. 15. At Scruton-hall, Harriet,
relict of the late Col. F. L. Coon.
Wales. — Nov. 13. At Carmarthen,
aged 76, Daniel Lloyd, esq. of La^ues,
Carmarthenshire, formerly an eminent
solicitor, and one of the Six Clerks in
Chancery.
A or. 21. At Fishguard, Pembroke-
shire, Charles King Rudge, esq. Captain
ill the Worcester Militia, eldest son of
the late Rev. Thomas Rudge, h»D.t
Archdeacon of Gloucester.
Dec. 8. At Llangattock Place, Bre-
conshire, aged 65, Frances, relict of Ed-
ward Morgan, esq.
Scotland. — Nov. 3. At Ardgowan,
aged 4, Eliza Mary, youngest dau. of the
late Sir M. S. Stewart, Bart.
Nov. 9. Aged 75, Sir Francis Gordon,
of Lismore, Aberdeenshire, Bart of
Nova Scotia (1625).
Nov. 11. Aged 67, William Gordon,
esq. , of Aberdour.
Nov. 15. At Edinburgh, Caroline
Lucy, the wife of Thomas Prendergast,
esq., Madras Civil Service.
Nov, 19. George Cole Bainbridge,
esq., of Gattonside-house, near Melrose.
JVbv.21. At Edinburgh, James Hamil-
ton, M.D., formerly, for half a century,
Professor of Midwifery in the University
of Edinburgh.
At Dumfries, John Innes Crawford^
esQ., late of Jamaica.
IRELAND. — Lately. At Ardcotton,
Sligo, Harriette, wife of the Rev. W. N.
Guinness, Rector of BeUisodaire, and
only daughter of Rear- Adm. the Hon. W*
Le Poer Trench. She was married in 1825.
Dec. 2. At the Observatorv, Armaah,
Mrs. E. Robinson, wife of the Rev. T.
R. Robinson, D.D. Astronomer of that
Observatory.
Dee. 13. Lieut. James Thompson,
Adjutant to the Cork recruiting district,
who hanged himself at his quarters. He
was a native of Truro, and a temperate,
amiable man.
Guernsey- — Nov, 28. Aged 23, Mr.
Douglas Cowper, a highty talented artist.
East lNDiE8.--«/tf/y 21. At Sea, on
his vovage home from India, in his Sltt
year, Frederick Wiltshire Chapman, esq.
July 24. At Waltaire, aged 6(X Sarah,
wife of Major- Gen. Welsh, commanding
the northern division, Madras presidency.
Atuf. 20. At Cabul, Lieut.-Col. Ro-
bert Arnold, of her Majestv*s 16th Lan-
cers. He was appointed £fnsign in that
regt. 1809, Lieut. 1812, was wounded at
Badajos (severelv), and at Vittoria, and
was present at Waterloo ; was promoted
to a Company 1818, Major 1825, Lieot-
Col. 1826.
Aug, 28. At Berhampore, Lieut.- Col*
Arthur Macfarlane, 43d N. Inf. only
surviving son of the late Right Rev.
Bishop Macfarlane, N.B.
Sept, 6. Murdered by the natives it
Hyder Keel, Col. Herring, of the 37th
N. Inf. He was escortinff five laci of
treasure for the army at Cabul.
Sept. 1 1. Wm. Robert Deacon, esq.,
surgeon of the Bhoqj Residency, seoona
son of Harrison Deacon, esq., of Milton
bouse, Hants, and brother to Chas. B.
Deacon, esq. Southampton.
110
Obituary.
[Jan.
Oct, 9. At Kurnoul, Capt. W. G. I.
Xewis, 45th Madras N. I. and D. S. A.
Gen. to the Division, eldest son of Wil.
liam Lewis, esq., late of Osnaburgh-st.,
Regent's Park.
Oct, 6. At Quettah, Capt. W. Baring
Gould, Adjutant 42d N. Inf. second son
of W. Baring Gould, esq., of Lew Tren-
chard.
Lately, At Trichinopoly, Capt. John
Thomson, aged 32^ of tne 5th regt. Ma-
dras N I., son of Mrs. Mitchell, of Bath.
Off Kedgree, on his passage to the
Cape, aged 38, Major G. N. Prole, of
the Bengal Army.
West Indies. — Lately, At Barking
Lodge, Jamaica, aged 35, James Dadley,
esq. of Bath.
Abroad. — May 12. On the north-
west coast of Australia, while engaged
in an expedition of discovery, aged 19,
Frederic Cook Smith, eldest son of
Octavius H. Smith, esq. of Thames
Bank, Westminster.
June 3, At Manilla, aged 22, on his
return from Canton, George, second son
of John Woolley, esq. of Beckenham.
June 27. At Sydney, New South
Wales, aged 47, Allan Cunningham, esq.
whose botanical and geographical re-
searches in New Holland are well known
to the scientific world ; and to him we
owe many of the beautiful shrubs that
now adorn our green-houses and conser-
vatories. The colonists of New South
Wales are also much indebted to his ex-
ertions for discovering and pointing out
new grazing-land, on which their flocks
and herds are spreading throughout that
great southern land.
July 12. At Cape Coast, Africa, the
widow of Joseph Dawson, esq. formerly
Governor of Cape Coast Castle ; — and on
the 2d Sept, at the same place, Robert
Jackson, esq. merchant.
Aug. 14. At Moka, in the Mauritius,
Sir Robert Barclay, Bart, formerly Col-
lector of the Internal Revenues in that
island.
Aug. 29. John Frederick Stoddart, esq.
First Puisne Judge in Ceylon, son of Sir
John Stoddart, lately Chief Judge in
Malta, and grandson, by his mother, of
Sir Henry Moncrieff. He received his
education at the High School of £din .
burgh and in the Universities of Edin-
burgh and Glasgow, and was called to
the Scotch bar in 1827. In 1833 he re-
moved to London with the view of prac-
tising at the English bar, and was en-
gaged in his preparatoiy studies when, in
1836, he received the appointment of a
Judge in Ceylon, He was endowed with
intellectual powers of high order, com-
bining, in a remarkable degree, vigorous
energy with subtlety and acuteness.
Sept. 17. At the Gambia, coast of
Africa, Major William Mackie, K.H.
Lieutenant- Governor of the Colony, and
late of the 88th regt. Major Mackie as-
sumed the government of the British set-
tlements on the river Gambia aboat the
beginning of the present year, and con-
tinned to enjoy excellent health until the
7th Sept. last, when he was seised with
the country fever, under which be gudu-
ally sunk — another victim immola^ on
the shrine of that pestilentiai and fatal
shore.
Sept. 28. At Chalons sur Saone, on
his way to Nice, Sir James FitzGerald,
of Wolseley-hall, co. Stafford, and Castle
Ishen, CO. Cork, the seventh Baronet
(1644). He was the son and heir of Sir
James Fitz Gerald, by Bridget- Anne,
daughter of Robert Dalton, of Thomham
hall, CO. Lancaster, esq. He married,
Sept. 27, 1826, Augusta, second daugh-
ter of the late Vice-Adm. Sir Thomas
Francis Fremantle, K.C.B. and sister to
the present Sir Thomas Fremantle, Bt.
who survives him : and he is sacceeded
by a son.
Sept. 30. At Tripoli, in his 32d year,
Charles Thornhill Warrington, esq. late
of llth dragoons, third son of Hanmer
Warrington, esq. her Majesty's agent and
consul-general at Tripoli.
Lately. At St. rierre les Calais, an
exile for many years, arising from the
law's delays, in his 80th year, £. Waters,
esq. formeriy of Alpha-lodge, Regent's
Park, and of Roe-green, Kingsbury, Mid-
dlesex.
At Montlembert, near Boulogne, aged
46, Lieut. James Tuson, R.N.
At Melun, France, Elizabeth, widow
of Sir C. B. Blunt, of Ringmer, Sussex,
K.M.T. sister to Sir C. R. Blunt, Bart.
She was the 5th dau. of Sir Charles-Wil-
liam, the 3d Bart, by Elizabeth, dau. of
Alderman Peers, and sister to Sir Richard
Simons, Bart, and was the second wife
of her cousin. Sir Charles Burrell Blunt«
At Louteaux, France, the Marchioness
de Chabannes, sister of the late Lady
Radstock and Mrs. Morier.
Oct, 1. At Ostend, a^ 16, Mar-
garet, third and only surviving dau. of
William Harvey, esq. and grand-dau. of
the late Adm. Sir Henry Harvey, K.B.
of Walmer, Kent.
Oct, 3. At Leghorn, Philip Mago-
vern, esq. M.D.
In Honduras, Marshall Bennett, Esq.
of Appley-housc, Isle of Wight
Oct. 12. At Rotterdam, aged SO,
Alexander Loudon, esq. late of Java.
1 840.] BUI of MortalUy.'-'Markets.— Prices of Shares.
Oct, 14. At Lisbon, Louisa, wife of
the Rev. Robert Farquharson, of Lang.
ton« Dorset.
Oct, 16. Suddenly, at Paris, Marga-
ret Penelope, wife of Sir Hugh Hume
Campbell, of Marchmont, Bart. M.P. for
CO. Berwick. She was the youngest dau.
of John Spottiswoode of Spottiswoode,
esq. and was married in 1834.
Oct, 19. At Lisbon, James Jorge,
esq. second son of John Jorge, esq. of
Upper Montagu-st. RusselUsq.
Oct, 22. At Berlin, Agnes, wife of
William Lawrence, esq. of Brompton,
Middlesex.
Oct, 25. In Niagara, John Jordan,
esq. late Capt. 66th regt. and inspector
of the Niagara District.
Ill
Oct, 31. At Genoa, Harriot- Ann,
widow of Major- Gen. Horace Churchill.
Nov. 3. At Lausanne, where he had
resided upwards of forty years, aged 90,
George Hankin, esq. formerly of Stan-
stead, Essex. Many travellers will re-
collect his courtesy and hospitality.
At Homburg, John Joseph Macbraire,
esq. of Broadmeadows, Tweedhill, and
Fiskwick.
Nov. 5. At Paris, Mrs. Adelheid
Goldschmidt, relict of L. A. Goldschmidt,
esq.
Nov, 19. At Rotterdam, Catharine,
wife of S. £. Steward, esq. of Leaming-
ton.
Dee, 11. At Dunkirk, aged 68, Lucy,
relict of Elias Ruppel, esq. of Memel.
Christened.
Males 2391 \^r^
Females 2463/****
BILL OF MORTALITY, from Nov. 26 to. Dec. 24, 1839.
Buried.
Males 2408
Females 2439
2 and 5 631
5 and 10 251
10 and 20 180
20 and 30 353
Whereofhavediedundertwo years old... 1397 pq f 30 and 40 366
40 and 50 488
4847 I
50 and
60 and
70 and
80 and
60 428
70 413
80 243
90 90
90 and 100 7
AVERAGE PRICE OF CORN, by which the Duty is regulated, Dec. 2o.
Peas.
#• d,
U 3
PRICE OF HOPS, Dec. 20.
Sussex Pockets, 27. Ot. to 3/. 3t.— Kent Pockets, 2/. Ot . to 61, 6f.
Wheat
Barley.
Oats.
Rye.
Beans.
s, d.
i, d.
s, d.
/• d.
#. d.
67 4
41 4
25 10
38 0
45 5
PRICE OF HAY AND STRAW AT SMITHFIELD, Dec. 23.
Hay, 3/. 5i. to 47. 7#,— Straw, 17. 14i. to 17. I8i.— Clover, 47. 4*. to 57. 15f. Od.
SMITHFIELD, Dec. 23. To sink the Offal—per stone of Slbs.
Beef 3*.
Mutton 4«.
Veal 45.
Pork 4*.
4/7. to is. id,
Od, to 5s. 2d,
Od, to 5s, id.
Od, to 5s, Od.
Head of Cattle at Market, Dec. 23.
Beasts 862 C^ves 40
Sheep 8750 Pigs 215
COAL MARKET, Dec. 23.
Walls Ends, from 20s, Od. to 24f. 6^. per ton. Other sorts from 17#. 9d. to 25f. dd.
TALLOW, per cwt.— Town Tallow, 52s. Od. Yellow Russia, 50i. Od.
CANDLES, 8#. Od. per doz. Moulds, 9s, 6/7.
PRICES OF SHARES.
At the Office of WOLFE, Brothers, Stock and Share Brokers,
23, Change Alley, Comhill.
Birmingham "Canal, 219. Ellesmere and Chester, 81. Grand Junction
181. Kennet and Avon, 27. Leeds and Liverpool, 750. Regent's, 18
Rochdale, 112. London Dock Stock, 65^. St. Katharine's, 106. East
and West India, 105 Liverpool and Manchester Railwav, 183. Grand Junc-
tion Water Works, 67|. West Middlesex, 99. Globe Insurance, 132. >
Guardian, 35§. Hope,5i. Chartered Gas, 571. Imperial Gas, 54.
Phcniix Gas, 31. Independent Gas, 50. General United Gas, 37. * Canada
Land Coropimy, 28.-«— Revenionary Intorett, 133.
METEOROLOGICAL DIARY, bt W.CARY, Strawi>.
Fum yovtmier 86, U Deetmber S5, 1839, ioA tnt^uttve.
fUirenheit's Thenn.
Fahrenheit'! Therm.
X m
m n
m
DAILY PRICE OF STOCKS,
From Notemier 28 Co December 2G, 1839, both imelMiee,
3. J. ARNULL, Stock Broker, 1, Buk BQtldings, Cornbill,
Ute RicBABoaoN, Gooolitce. and Abvull.
J. S. XICHOU Ana MM, iS, **■"""■" -TfTTT
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
FEBRUARY, 1840.
By SYLVANUS URBAN, Gent.
CONTENTS.
PAOI
Minor Correspondence. — History and Works of John Thorpe the Archi-
tect—Dr. Geldart— Nova Scotia Baronets— Birthplace of T. Sutton, &c. &c. 1 14
Jesse^s Memoirs of the Court of England under the Stuarts 115
Shottesbrooke Church, Berkshire (with a Plate) 1 33
On the Polytheism of the Britons, and Druidical Remains in Yorkshire 134
Generosity of M. Descleiux — the Coffee- tree at Martinique 136
Extracts from Prof. Jahn's Historical Essay on Germany 137
Presumed Plantagenet Monuments at Sawbridgeworth — the Leventhorpes 140
Epitaph at Lavenham, Suffolk, 142. — On Keeping Faith with Heretics 14^
Hallam's Literary History — the earliest Books printed in Ireland 143
On the Reception of the Decrees of the Council of Trent 146
Fate of Ancient MS. Libraries — Durham — Rievaulx — St. Augustine, Canterbury 151
Tooke*s Diversions of Purley, and Richardson's New English Dictionary 152
Reports of the French Historical Commission , 156
On the Orthography of the name of Shakspere 161
Shakespeare's Tempest and Lampedusa — Knight's Pictorial Shakspere. ....... 166
John Webster on Shakespeare, 168. — Meaning of Official Maces ik.
REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Life and Correspondence of M. S. Lewis, Esq. 169; Tumbull's Austria, 174 ;
Malcolm's Travels in South-Eastern Asia, 175 ; Agnew on the Configura-
tion of the Great Pyramids of Gizeh, 176 ; Wodderspoon's Historic Sites of
Suffolk, 177 ; Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature, Vol. II.
Part III. 181 ; Reliquiae Antiquae, Part III 192
FINE ARTS.
Bourne's Drawings of the London and Birmingham Railway, 187 ; Panora-
ma of Versailles, 188 ; Portraits of Her Majesty and Prince Albert, 8tc. Sic. 188
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.
New Publications, 189 ; Society for the Publication of Ancient Welsh MSS.
190; Cambridge University, ib. ; Royal Society, ib, ; Royal Kensington
Literary and ^cientific Institution 191
ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.
Society of Antiquaries, 191 ; Roman Buildings in South wark, ib, ; Roman
Antiquities of Cirencester, 192 ; Ruins at Vespa, ib. ; Greek Monument. . 2
HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.
Parliamentary Proceedings, 193 ; Foreign News, 195. — Domestic Occurrences 196
Promotions and Preferments, 199. — Births, 200. — Marriages 20!
OBITUARY; with Memoirs of Dr. BuUer, Bishop of Lichfield ; SirT. S. M.
Champneys, Bart. ; Adm. Sir Isaac Coffin, Bart. ; Major-Gen. Sir A.
CaldweU, G.C.B. ; Major W. Mackie, K.H. ; Davies Gilbert, Esq. ; H.
P. Hope, Esq. ; L. C. Daubuz, Esq. ; Francis Const, Esq. ; Robert Belt*
Esq. ; William Hilton, Esq. R. A. ; Mr. Joseph Allen 203—214
Deaths arranged in Counties • • • • 215
Bill of Mortality — Markets — Prices of Shares, 223. — Meteorological Diary —
Stocks 224
Embellished with Views of Shottesbrooke Church, Berkshire; Framlingram and
WiNGFiBLD Castles, Suffolk ; the Pont at Shottb8brookI| and the Monumental
EiBgy of the Poet SummsT at Fhunlingham.
114
MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.
An Old Subscriber invites our cor-
respondents to investigate the history of
the life and works of John Thorpe, ** who
flourished as an architect of much cele-
brity in the reigns of Elizabeth and James
the First y and appears from a book of
drawings made by himself, and preserved
in the Soane Museum, to have been con-
cerned in erecting or altering most of the
principal mansions in this country. This
curious volume^ which contains nearly
280 original plans or elevations of differ-
ent buildings, has recently excited consi-
derable attention, and furnished Mr. C.
J. Richardson with several subjects for
his splendid work on Elizabethan Archi-
tecture. Thorpe's Book was formerly in
the library at Warwick Castle, and may
probably have been given by the noble
owner to his brother, the Hon. Clugrles
Greville, after whose death it was pur-
chased at an auction of his effects for ^l.
by Sir John Soane. When it is mention-
ed, that amongst the plans or designs we
find Burleigh, Wollerton, Hatfield, Buck-
hurst, Holland House, and Audley End,
besides many other great mansions, since
demolished, no doubt can be entertained
of the estimation which Thorpe enjoyed in
his day ; still, in three or four modern
works, are to found only meagre notices
of him, evidently copied one from another.
It has been asserted confidently, that
John of Padua and John Thorpe were
the same persons, perhaps, from its being
obvious that they had both studied archi-
tecture in Italy. But as the name of
John of Padua, occurs in 1544, when he
was Devizour of his Mqjesiiet works, and
received two shillings per day for his pains,
it seems almost impossible that he could
have been engaged extensively in building
80 late as 1600, the date of some of the
designs ip the book before quoted, and at
which time he must have numbered eighty
years. Nevertheless, (adds our Corres-
pondent), I do not despair of obtaining
some particulars of his history, as it seems
more than probable, that in the books of
accounts said to exist at Hatfield, and in
other great houses built by Thorpe, some
origin^ letters or notices of the architect
hinuelft may have been preserved, not to
mention the chance of finding such docu-
ments vfk the British Museum or Bodleian
Library."
The late Dr. Geldart, (p. 102,) was
never fellow of Trinity HaU. He was
originally of Trinity College, and took his
degree of B.A. in 1783, and M.A. in
1^09. He afterwards became a member
of Trinity Hall, and was so at the time he
took his degree of LL.D. which was in
1818, and not in 1814. The mistake ori-
ginated from confounding the deceased
with his son Dr. James William Geldart,
Regius Professor of Civil Law, who was
fellow of Trinity Hall, and graduated as
LL.D. in 1814.
The Mrs. Mortlock whose death is re-
corded at p. 106, was not related to the
bankers of Cambridge of the same name.
She was a person in very humble circum-
stances.
T. S. remarks, on the question of Nova
Scotia Baronets, ** Surely it is a mistake
to consider the Nova Scotia Baronetage a
Scotch honour, any more than the ISa*
ronetage of Ulster an Irish honour. It
seems to me they were both created to the
same honour, whether nominally appro-
nriated to one settlement or another. The
Nova Scotia Baronets were by no means
confined to Scotchmen, or even Scotch
connections, and I have frequently re-
gretted that the Baronetages do not com-
prehend their descents."
B. remarks that, in the account of the
revered Thomas Sutton, the Founder of
the Charter-house, in our number for April
last, it is stated that he was born at Snaith^
in Lincolnshire. Snaith is in Yorkshire ;
and on a recent visit to the Charter-house,
I find the word spelled Ktutitk on his
monument, and I have no doubt it is the
town of that name not far from Gains-
borough. His usual phice of residence
was Castle Camps, near Linton in Cam-
bridgeshire.
Aaa. having made several futile attempts
to discover the source whence the motto
long since adopted by tjjie University of
Cambridge is derived, requests any of
our correspondents to inform him in what
author the line
'* Hinc lucem haurire est et pocuU sacra.'*
is to be found.
6. K. writes : ** Perhaps my query con*
ceming the words, Vox et preterea nlbili
may be answered by finding the iSsble of
the Fox and Nightingale alluded to by
Luther, as quoted in one of the late num-
bers of the Edmburgh Review. Where
is to be found the line,
** When Greek meets Greek then comes
the tug of war ?*'
I am pretty sure it is not in either Vwi^ or
Odyssey.
Viator inquires for the Armorial
Bearings of the pious Mr. Nelion, the
author of ** The Featte aadibtlifab.**
P. 613, /or GaiMbgTO^m<€Wf.
borouch,
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
Memoirs of the Court of England during the reign of the Stuarts* By
John Heneage Jesse. 2 vols. Svo.
IT might perhaps be considered as a sign that sufficient information has
been afforded on any given subject, and that the capacious vessel oT
the Press is full, when we find volumes composed, not for the purpose
of disclosing new facts, or drawing from the original springs and sources
of knowledge -, but rather to arrange what has been already given in a
nore commodious form, to dispose the arguments and facts in a more
popular and pleasing view, and to adorn the massive and majestic structure
of truth with the gems and spangles of modem eloquence. AVhen works
of this nature are required by the public mind, it is a sign that we have
passed the useful necessities of literature, and entered into its luxuries.
Undoubtedly a marked distinction should be carefully preserved between
narratives of events, and histories of character that are derived from ori-
ginal sources, and those that are merely composed of lower and tributary
streams. '* Qui audiunt, audita dicunt ^ qui vident, plane sciunt;** and
yet, when materials sufficiently ample are collected, and " when the stuff
18 sufficient for all the work to make it ;*'* it may be of advantage to
model it anew, to combine, as by an ingenious mosaick, the scattered
beauties of the original, and to set them in a frame of elegance and
splendor suited to modern taste. In every age the books of former times
share somewhat the fate of former almanacks — to live, they must be accom-
modated to the present taste. Thoughts, as well as words, grow obsolete
and strange, and want burnishing and new- setting to make them bright
and perspicuous. In these our days, when literature is about as extensive
as life, the truth of this statement will be peculiarly acknowledged ; for
it is an age, when reading is liked, but study avoided. Men want the
richest fruit to be shaken from the boughs^ and drop into their laps,
without the toil of gathering for themselves. There has, therefore, arisen
a demand for a class of authors, whose business it is " to bolt the floor
from the bran," to convert grim-looking folios into smiling duodecimos ;
to give conclusions without the premises, and the brilliancy of results
without the toil of experiments. Tlie "beauties** of authors are
separated from their works, forgetting that the very flower of that beaaty
depends for its splendour and perfection, on its remaining in its original
bed, surrounded with congenial colours, and adorned and supported by its
parent stem.
However, every kind of work has its own merit and reward: so these
abridgements of literature in their various branches may be useful, either in
combining the scattered rays of information, — in correcting one writer's opi-
nion by measuring it with the rule of another, — in marking out each guiding
landmark or pharos of historical truth, — or in condensing the somewhat
formal and sententious methods of verbal composition, in which our ances-
tors, men of leisure and learning, somewhat too much indulged. Duly to
understand the times of the civil wars> one must stand by the loom itself^ in
* Exodus, c. xxxtL t. 7.
1 1 6 Jesse's Memoirs of the Court of the Stuarts, |_Feb.
which '* the sisters" were weaving the fatal winding- sheet of Charles's des-
tiny; one must have " ample room and verge enough," to read the characters
there described : in plainer words, it would be absolutely necessary for the
student of this eventful page of history to make himself acquainted with
the Collections of Rushworth and Whitlock, not only to read Clarendon,
but May, and Ludlow, and Walker ; to peruse the letters of Strafford,
and those in the Cabala, and many a ponderous life of those '* who were of
great renown, wise and eloquent, deep in learning, and sage in council -,'*
he must study the Lives of Archbishops AVilliams, and Usher, and Laud,
(noble dishes from the chaplain's table ;) and, reading these, he will
drink of the fountain head, and collect his knowledge with all the fresh-
ness of the early dew upon it.* He will converse not only with books,
but with far better companions — the breathing volume of mankind } and
he will be taught by the lips of those who themselves had been partakers
of the noble achievements they described -, who had heard the trumpet of
battle bray for victory, or who had listened in sorrow to its wailings for
defeat 5 who had sate at the council-board, mournfully looking on ^' that grey
discrowned head," and discoursing of gubernative wisdom, and safe and
politic device ; or with those, the more thoughtful few, who, when the
strife of war was closed, with the pious hand of grateful affection hung up
the banner to wave over the shrine, where loyalty and valour, after its in-
effectual struggle, lay entombed. '^ Thus, when a renowned man is
departed — his last sun set, the worthy deeds of his life may yet shine in
our horizon, as it were by repercussion, in the memory of after-times,
even with a longer day than any — nay, than all— that went before." t
To all who are willing to believe that a *' great book is a great evil,"
and who would recoil from the labour of such a research as we have
pointed out, we recommend the pleasing and elegant volumes now before
us ; and they are not slightly to be recommended, as being free from all the
violence of party prejudice which appears in such a fantastic and distorted
shape in the pages of Hume, which has given to the writings of Macaulay
and Godwin, and others, the character of political pamphlets, and
which has in later times thrown such a false and painful light on the nar-
rative of Lingard. Mr. Jesse appears to have formed sound constitutional
principles, which he defends without acrimony, and extols without exag-
geration.
His researches into the historical documents of the times hate been ex-
tensive and accurate, though he has drawn little or nothing from manuscript
authorities : generally speaking, his style is not only correct, but elegant, and
his sentences harmonious. In the choice of his subject, he has been also for-
tunate ; for he has depicted the most important if not most brilliant epoch
of English history, in whicli the greatest energies were displayed in the most
fearful conflict of human passions, and in which the most awful righfts were
contested, the most commanding duties obeyed, and the noblest as well
as the bravest passions were striving for the mastery. Tlie age of rea-
soning and knowledge had come, but the splendour of chivalrons and
heroic deeds had not expired. Never did England possess soldiers better
breathed in war or better disciplined ; nobles more loyal, generous, and
accomplished ; churchmen more grave, learned, and devout 5 statesmen
more politic and wise 3 and a people so wealthy as to support, on the two
* There are one or two interesting Letters from Bp. Warburton to Hard, oa the
histories of the Civil Wars, and on their merits. See Correspondence, p« 141, 146, &c«
f See Hacket's Life of Abp. Williams, p. 2,
1 840.] Jesse's Memoin of the Court of the Stuarts. 1 1 7
pillars of agriculture and commerce, the profuse expenditure of a lavish sove-
reign, and the sumptuous amusements of a magnificent court. Here too
the thoughtful moralist may >iew^ yet perhaps too darkly, too plaintively
drawn, the uncertainty of fortune, and the strange mutability of the life of
man. This is one certainly of the ^' Magna sortis humans volumina**'
The deepest contrasts are crowded into the narrowest spaces ; and one
may watch the pencil of the historian, as he is drawing the forms of the
personages of his tale, now dipt in the sudden brilliancy of their noontide
light, and now dark with the prophetic shadows of their strange and
awful decline.^ Then, if at any time, the colours of poetical fiction were
beheld on the historical canvas ; for then, in the midst of the festive boards
strange visages of terror might be seen ; and, silencing the voice of revelry
and mirth, the fearful step of the avenging Nemesis be heard approaching*
Then came the day of" blackness and utter darkness."
" Then every thing includes itself in power,
Power into will, will into appetite,
And appetite, (an universal wolf,
So doubly seconded with wHl, and power)
Must make perforce an universal prey.
And last, eat up himself. "f
Mr. Jesse has modestly given to his volumes the title of Memoirs, a
word of meaning so little limited, that it may take from the provinces of
biography or history what is suited to its purpose, so that what is appro-
priated, seem to throw light upon the character that is drawn. Perhaps,
under the article of Charles the First he has approached too closely to
the limits of history, and somewhat deviated from his title. However
that may be, one advantage is recognised in the plan he has laid down ;
that many characters, like that of the Countess of Carlisle and others, may
be drawn at full length, that would be passed over with a careless and
oblique view in the historical narrative ; and history too, in its anxiety to
refer great events to causes worthy of them, overlooks the insignificant cir-
cumstances which arc the real levers that move and govern the whole. The
caution to be observed in such works, is to use all circumspection that the
anecdotes are true, that they have not been too easily received, too
carelessly interpreted, and too incorrectly viewed -, that, culled from the pages
of history, like gems taken from the matrix in which they lay, they are not
distorted and made inconsistent with the general and larger narrative to
wliich they belong -, and lastly, it will require a caution and judgment in
deciding, whether they cast such a steady and strong light as enables us ac*
curately to read the characters that arc written on the heart of man, or
whether they throw out false and delusive fires, that glitter only to mislead.
No book requires to be more severely and zealously watched than a book of
anecdotes. To condense a great deal of knowledge and observation in a short
compass is highly gratifying to the mind, it looks like a superior kind
of wisdom — yet to produce the effects, how often is truth sacrificed ! We
have, however, observed, that from all such imputations Mr. Jesse is free.
He seems to possess a very candid and honourable love of truth, and as we
pass through his rich gallery of historic statues, the clKovas efiij/vj^ovB,
the breathing images of his illustrious statesmen and warriors, we shall
* On the presentiment of Buckingham, some time previoua to hif aiMMinttioDt of
his appalling death, see ilacket's Life of Williama.
t Troilos and Crcftida, act i. ic. 3,
1 1 8 Jesse's Memoirs of the Court of the Stuarts, [Feb.
cursorily mark the passages which have most impressed us with their
excellence, or which call upon us for observation.
In Chap. III. the facts relating to the Gowrie conspiracy are well and
accurately detailed ) but no new light is thrown on this very mysterious
occurrence, and the reader's curiosity is rather tantalized than satisfied,
by being informed that " the curious evidence recently brought forward by
Pitcairn in the Criminal Trials is supposed by many to have set the ques-
tion at rest.'* Surely, Mr. Jesse might have found room to have given us
at least a brief summary of its principal heads.
Chap. VI. Mr. Jesse has rightly defended the learning of James from the
imputation of being mere pedantry.* We will give him the opinion of
one both able and willing to judge soundly on this point. Isaac Casaubon,
writing to Thuanus, says, of his first interview with James, '* Vidi enim
tandem et praesens veneratus sum serenissimum et yaXrivoTarov ovt&s
regem ilium, cujus de laudibus quicquid dixero, minus erit. Est ita com-
paratum natura, ut de magnis principibus multa fingat fama, et si quae illis
insunt bona, veris falsa affingens, in majus extoUat. Ego vero Magnse
Britanniae regem, ut veni, ut vidi, et de rebus diversis disserentem audivi,
majorem famSl su£L inveni, et quotidie magis raagisque invenio j crede mihi,
amplissime Thuane, nihil hodie sol videt hoc principe humanius, nihil be-
nignius, nihil literarum ct omnis virtutis amantius. Adde eruditionem,
quae vel in privato homine ad verae laudis adeptionem poterat sufficere ;
in rege autem tanto, hisce praesertim temporibus, magni si quid judico,
instar miraculi queat censeri. Quid nunc coramemorem ingens illud
studium veri in omni re, et amorera omnium qui in codem studio ducuntur ?
Omitto de ingenio, memoria, et singulari facundia, etiam in sermone
Gallico plura commemorare." Again he writes, " Fruor amore hujus regis
Bane optimi, et multo dodioris quam plurique existimant, Scito hoc magno
rege nihil ne iingi quidam posse probius, aut humanius. Literas super
iidem hominum amat 3 judicat de scriptis et veterum et recentiorum ut vir
dociissimus, non ut rex maximus. Etsi occupatissimus est, et nullam par-
tem officii sui praetermittit, libris tamen carcre non potest. Ad mensam
illius videns semper episcopos insigni doctrina viros, qui de Uteris disserant,
aut regem audiunt disserentem, hoc multis videtur novum spectaculum,"
&c. " Were I not a king," said James, ** on visiting the Bodleian Library,
I would wish to be an University man."t
At p. 114 Mr. Jesse, alluding to a proclamation of James on the ob-
servance of the Sabbath, thus expresses himself :
• It is very easy to call learning by the name of pedantry ; and thus the blockhead
and the sciolist believe that they are raising themselves by depressing their superiors.
Old Bentley observed this, and, alluding to the scholar's fate, said
Instead of learned, he *s call'd pcdknt.
Dunces advanced, he 's left behind.
But the most able men about the court, saw and bore witness to James's natural
talents. Bishop Racket says, '• Not any line of wisdom or learning could be lost to
him, who saw as far and as soon as any man into the intellectuals of another.'* And
Bacon wrote, ** His majesty had a light of nature which had such readiness to take
flame and bla2e from the least occasion presented, on the least spark of another's
knowledge delivered, as was to be admired."
t The above anecdote reminds us of our being in the library of University College,
Oxford, when the late W. Windham, then staying at Oxford, visited it, it being the
library of the college to which he had belonged. He took down from the shelres a
folio Folybiu0| wd tamiDg over the leaves and k)okiD|; into it he nod, ** I dont know
1840.] Jesse's Memoirs of the Court of the Stuarts.
'' One act of James's life can never be logical discusrion, as to the pr
sufficiently commended. Daring the pro- servance of the Lord's Day, thert
gresses made through his kingdom, he had «few who will deny to James the re
noticed the pernicious effects which a which he deserved on this <
punctual observance of the Sabbath was Surely that monarch stands higL
producing on the health and happiness of the thrones of the earth, who i
the lower classes of his subjects. With turns from his own pomps and va
the certainty that religious bigotry would ^ the sufferings and discomforts of t
be everywhere arrayed against him, he and unprotected ; and who rea
issued a proclamation that, after Divine counters obloquy and discontent in
Service, his subjects should be allowed to throw a gleam qf sunshine on tht,
indulge in all legitimate sports and amuse- shadows of human wretchedness,**
ments. Without entering into any theo-
Now this is a very well- expressed and eloquent commonplace in
of royal clemency, but it is surely far too strong for the occasii
many dioceses the proclamation was not read. Some of the
would not read it. *' They lost all for fear, they were so terrifiea w
Many of the most sound and orthodox belief," says Heylin, " were
pclled to abandon their livings, father than to submit to it." And \
it was carried into effect, it produced many grave abuses, and was attew
with much scandal. It was preaching the Gospel in SLfooVs coat, 0
thing is quite certain, that if the seventh day may be devoted to sports ;
pastimes, and the other six be engrossed by labour and toil, the improve- ,
ment of piety and the cultivation of feelings of religion and duty will find
little room for their growth. The difficult point is to make the praotioal
division between recreation and revelr}^ ; much is wisely left by our pre-
sent law to the moral judgment and conscientious feelings of the commu-
nity ; and in matters like these, the law may safely wait for the guidance
of opinion ; if we may judge of King James's countrymen by their practice,
we must say that they do not appear to feel the grievance of their old re-
straints, or to avail themselves of the more tolerant decree of the new law.*
At p. 126 we find a well-written chapter on the character of Anne of
Denmark. Mr. Jesse, p. 130, says, Anne was a bigoted Catholic, a
fact not generally dwelt upon by historians. It is strange that H. Wal-
pole should have been long ignorant of this important circumstance.
Speaking of the Bacon papers he says, ** There is one most extraordinary
passage entirely overlooked, and yet of great consequence to explain the
misfortunes into which her descendants afterwards fell. The Pope sends
her beads and reliqucs, and thanks her for not communicating with heretics
at her coronation,*' Sully, however, wks not only acquainted with the fact,
but evidently dreaded her influence as regarded the predominancy of the
Spanish interest, and the advancement of the Roman Catholic religion ;
but hear what Bishop W^^illiams the Lord Keeper said to the French ambas-
sador on the demand for a liberal toleration of the Roman priests, who were
to accompany Henrietta : " You urge such a moveable favour might be
done to gratify the sweet Madame, our intended Princess, upon the marriage.
whether I did wisely or well for my happineSs in leaving these tranquil and delightful
studies for the din of politics — the clangor Tubarum — and the troubles of a states-
man's life." He was one of the few men who could join the two lives ; but, indeed,
our greatest statesmen have been also our best scholars, as Pitt, Fox, Wellesley, Wind-
ham, Grenville, Canning, &c.
* Compare on this subject, Wilson's Life of James, p. 105 ; Heylin's Life of Laud
pp. 17, 77, 78, 135, 257, 295, 309. The games allowed were " dancing, archery, leap-
ing, vaulting, May-games, Whitsun-ales, morris-dances, setting up May-poles." Th«
petition for these came from the people of Lancashire, Yet Calvin was opposed to
the *• gross and carnal iuperstition of the Sabbaiarians.'^'^See Institut. 2. c. 8, § 34,
120 Jesse*s Memoirs oftlie Court of the Stuarts, [Feb.
O my Lord ! you are driven by blind mariners upon a rock. If ibis could
be granted by the King, which you contend for, and were effected, sweet
lady, she would be brought in the curses of this nation, and would repent
the day she drew the offence of the whole land upon her head. Let me
say, on the husband's part, what your countryman Ausonius says, for the
wife, ' sspe in conjugiis fit noxia, si nimia est dos/ If the Prince should
make a jointure to his wife out of the tears and sorrows of his people, it
were the worst bargain that ever he made. His Majesty's consort of happy
memory, Queen Anne, did not altogether accord with cur Church ; indeed
the diversity between us and the Lutherans, among whom she was bred, is as
little as between scarlet and crimson ; the colours are almost of the same
dip; but she carried it so prudently, that she gave no notice of any dis-
sension. Neither ever did demand to have a chaplain about her of the
Lutheran ordination. This was a precedent for the most illustrious Madam
to follow,** &c.* It appears that a comet did this Queen the honour of ap-
pearing previous to her death, which forms the subject of a poem in Greek
Iambics in the Parerga of Alexander Gill, (Milton's schoolmaster) p. 5,
and which closes thus,
ANNH2 Qav6v(n]s, Tcipa betKvvei, on
OvbeiS KOfJLTITTJS OffTlS 6v KCLKOV <lt€p€l,'\'
As regards the subject of Prince Henry's death, Mr. Jesse has, with his
usual good judgment, expressed his disbelief that it was owing to poison.
To any one who calmly and dispassionately reads the account of his pre-
vious illness, his time of life peculiarly susceptible of constitutional
changes, his imprudent conduct after the malady had displayed itself, in
long journeys on horseback and violent exercise, and, perhaps, the unskilful
treatment of his physicians (for the knowledge of medicine was at that
time most imperfect) , these causes will appear to him quite sufficient to
account for the fatal termination of the complaint, and the death of this
accomplished prince and hopeful heir of England's crown. | Isaac Casau-
bon was in England at the time, and in his leanied and interesting corre-
spondence, there are several allusions to Prince Henry's illness and death,
but not the most distant hint is given of its having been produced by the
dreadful crime alluded to. As these letters have, so far as we know, never
been brought into English history, we shall extract one or two passages,
especially as they tend strongly to confirm the favourable opinion enter-
tained of Henry's opening life, and afford an additional testimony to the
value of his character. ** Ereptus erat morte inopinata, (nam morbus con-
temnabaiurj princeps illustrissimus bonis piisque omnibus charissimus.
• See Hacket'g Life of Abp. WUliams, fol. p. 221.
t There are several poems on different members of the royal family in this little
volume of Giirs. Milton, in his Eleg. Tert. v. 9, has this couplet,
" Tunc memini clarique duett jfratritque verendi,
Intempestivis ossa cremata rogis."
These two chiefs were the counts Mantfieldf and Brunswick ; Gill mentions them
aUo together in his epitaph on C. Tilly.
<< Quern nee Mans/eliut, quern nee Brunnonius heros,
Arma nee annonmi quern domu^re decem.''
T. Warton might have cited this passage from Gill when he explained the allusion
of Milton.
X Mr. Keightley says there can be no doubt of the real cause of Henry's death, vis.
a fever. V. History, vol. ii. p. S94. A medical friend whom we have coniulted, layi,
the description of the symptoms answer to those which accompany pktMHi.
1840.]
Jesse's Memoirs of the Court of the Stuarts.
121
regni hujus spes longe maxima. Puto tc, cum hie eras (Casaubon is writ-
ing to his friend Jaeobus Capellus) vultum illius contemplatum esse ut
rccordari etiamnum queas. Non potes igitur ignorare quae esset de illo
principe expectatio omnium qui viderant. Studia et mores cum vultu con-
seutiebant. Praecipue autem rods deofrefSeis in spem erigebat magnam,pietas
singularis quae in illo emincbat. Audivi pro condone affirmantem ministrum
ante annum, inslitutionem Calvini tantd diligeniid fuisse ipsi lectum ut pane
totam memorid ieneret, quod eo erat notabilius, quia, Pallade relicta, Martem
assidue colebat^ In another letter to Michael Piccart, he dwells on
Prince Henry's respect and dutiful conduct .to his father, a point of no little
importance in the question. ** Scito, mi Piccarte, iis virtutibus rov /xa-
Kaptrijv fuisse praeditum, ut satis certiori jactura non possit, quam res-
publica Christiana (non enim dicam hoc reguum) in ejus morte fecit.
Nemo ilium serio contemplatus est, qui spem ingentcm de co non conce-
perit ; ad res gerendas factus a natura videbatur, et in morte apparuit consilia
ilium volutsse omnino annis majora . . Pietas et reterentia Kai tybiaderos
TTopyi) xl/vffiKi) erga optimum parenteminfactis dictisquc omnibus eminebant^
Quae paucissimorum principum laus est, ut seriisint^ et rerum curtB attendant^
illi erat €fi(pvroy, ut si cui unqoam fuit," Sic. How could poison, ive may
say, pass such lips as these, and still retain its venom r
Isaac Casaubon seems to have been most deeply grieved by the death of
the prince, and to have poured out his sorrows for the loss whidi he sus-^
tained, to almost all his friends. To J. Rutgert^ius, that he could not answer
his letters before, he excuses himself, ** Animoad scribendum vacuo non sum*
qucm totum occupat dolor davixatnoK (ktos a morte illustr. Principis Walliae,
quern mors inopinata nobis ante diem tcrtium adcmit. Desidcrabunt
amissuni Principem omnes, qui virtutes illius et pictatcm admirandam
iiorant. Amisit cnim Anglia Principem, de cnjiis praestantia quicquid
rlixero, minus erit. Ccrtabant in eo corporis et animi dotes. Nemo ilium
vidit prudens, quin imperio natam indolem sit admiratus. In juvenili aetate
nihil ccrnnens juvenile, pietas singularis, amor et revet entia erga pattern
non nffectata ; ceterarum maximarum nrtutum concursus etiam
hostis aniorem |)otenint elicere. Nunctantus Princeps vi mortis confectns
jacct." To Daniel Heinsius he says, 8j)caking of Prince Henry, " Corpus
ita fir mum, ut longirntatem nierito illi sponderes, hie tantus Princeps
paucorum dierum morbo terris ereptns est.'*t ^o perished one, who was
singularly accomplished
(i
>iii letters, arms,
Fair mien, dUcounict), civil exercise!*,
And all the blazon of a gentleman."
In his account of Thomas Sackville, Earl of Dorset, Mr. Jesse has
hardly done justice to his poetical genius. He says (p. 231),
"He wrote several |)oeni9, besides
being, urith Thomas Norton, the joint
author of Gorboduc, the first respectable
tragrdy in the English language. It was
artr<l bv the (ientlemen of the Inner
Temple before the Queen, at Whitehall,
•m IHth Jan. l^rJI. This play, notwith-
standing its acknowledged merit, was
singularly scarce within the century after
it was written, Shakspeare's glorious plays
and Jonson*s cxrpii.Nitc masques haTin|^
annihilated common genius. Dryden and
Oldham, in thi^ succeeding age, amused
themselves wirii ridiculing Dorset's dra-
miiti*! efforfs, which, however, it is proved
they could never have read, for each
* See •• Broad Stone of Honor," p. 4()(i. Moschi Idyll, iii. v. 111.
t See Caiauboni Epistolc, ed. Almelovccn, foliot p. 006-9, ct ed. Grtevii, 4tOt
p. 940, 956.
Gent. Mao. Vol. XIII. R
1 i2 Jesse*! Memoirs of the Court of the Stuarts . [Feb.
of them speaks of Gorboduc as a woman, freedom from bombast which was the great
This tragedy is reprinted in the last edition fault of our early tragic writers. He
of Dodsley's Old Plays. Pope was a great styles him the best poet between Chancer
admirer of Lord Dorset's muse, and does and Spenser.*'
credit to the purity of his style, and that
Now, on this passage we have to observe, firstly, that Mr. Jesse should
not have passed over M. Sackville*s Induction, in the " Mirror of Magis-
trates,'* without most honourable mention of it -, for truly, as Dr. Drake
observed, " Sackville stands pre-eminent and apart ; the author of a poem
which, for strength and distinctness of imagery, is almost unrivalled.*' *
Let us hear the opinion, also, of a judicious and acute critic : " The In-
duction,*' says Mr. Hallam,t ** displays best Sackville's poetical genins :
it is like much earlier poetry, a representation of allegorical personages,
but with a fertility of imagination, vividness of description, and strength of
language, which not only leave his predecessors far behind, but may fairly
be compared with some of the most poetical passages of Spenser. * ^ *
Sackville is far above the frigid eloquence of Surrey ; and in the first days
of the virgin reign, is the herald of that splendour in which it was to
close.'* Of Gorboduc the same critic observes, — " the characters are
clearly drawn and consistently sustained, the political maxims grave and
profound, the language not glowing or passionate, but vigorous ; and, upon
the whole, it is evidently the work of a powerful mind, though in a less
poetical mood than was displayed in the Induction to the Mirror of Magis-
trates,'* &c. j Mr. Jesse's account of Dryden's and Oldham's Mistake is
taken from Spence's Preface (p. vii.), who mentions also one of A. Wood,
who says this play was written in old English rhyme. Pope printed an edition
of this tragedy in 1 736, to which Spence wrote a preface ; but it is an edition
of no value, being printed from the republication of a spurious copy, pub-
lished without consent of the author. In the same imperfect manner it
appeared in Dodsley's Old Plays, but corrected by Reed. § Coxeter in-
tended to give a more correct edition, with Sackville's other poetical
works, his life and a glossary. With regard to the dates of the genuine
and surreptitious editions, there seems some uncertainty. Percy, in his
Reliques, (vol. i. p. 134,) says, *' This play seems to have been first printed
under the name of Gorboduc, then under that of Ferrex and Porrex in
1569t and again under Gorboduc, 1590." Ames calls the first ed. 4to. ;
Langbaine, 8vo. ; Tanner, 12rao. — See Ames, p. 31 G. The Biog. Dra-
matica says — " Ferrex and Porrex, T. 8vo. no date. It had before been
surreptitiously printed under the title of Gorboduc, black letter. || "
The circumstances connected with the death of Overbury are as mys-
terious as they are most interesting. That there was some dreadfully
disgraceful secret, in which James was intimately connected, in this affair,
♦ See also Warton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry, vol. iii. p. 209 ; Censure Literaria,
vol. iii. p. i. 149 ; Wartonon Spenser, ii. p. 108.
t See Hallam's Intr. to the Literature of Europe, vol. ii. p. 304.
X Warton does not believe that Sackville had the assistance of Norton in this
tragedy ; but Mr. Collier supports Norton's claim to the three first acts, which would
much reduce Sackville's glory. See Ann. ii. 481, and Warton's Eng. Poetry, iv. 194.
§ See Atterbury's Works, vol. ii. p. 37. See Pope's Letters, ed. Curl^vol. i. p. 98,
on this play.
Hazlitt's Letters on Dram. Literature, p. 40—46 ; and Quarterly Review, No. xcii.
p. 600. Nor should Campbell's Specimens of Engl. Poets be overlooked for a cha-
racter of this noble poet. Vol. ii. p. 137, he says, " the Induction rttemUes a bold
and gloomy landscape, on which the sun never shines.*'
J
/
1840.] Jesse's Memoin of the Court of the Stuarts. 123
we have no doubt ; but we dare not even hint oar opinion. We find from
Mr. Jesse (p. 265) that the late Charles Fox entertained a project of
inquiring into the circumstances of Somerset*s crime. In a letter to Lord
Lauderdale he writes — '' I recollect that the impression on my mind was,
that there was more reason than is generally allowed for suspecting that
Prince Henry was poisoned by Somerset, and that the King knew o^ t^
after the fact,** Mr. Jesse has brought together and arranged the Ucts
and arguments of this most intricate and perplexed question with fulness
and impartiality. It is a very dark page of history, and contains in itself
a memorable instance of retributive justice^ and of guilty passions proving
their own tormentors.* I'here is a note^ unnoticed by Mr. Jesse^ on the
mysterious subject of Sir T. Overbury, in Mr. Hallam's Constitutional
History (vol. i. p. 479-81.) Th^ threats and insolence of Somerset, and
the terror of the Kiug, show some secret not known. Compare Carte's
History^ vol. iv. p. 33-4; Winwoodj vol. iii. p. 4 1 0 ; Somers* Tracts,
vol. ii. — Sir C. Cornwaliis; Welden*s Memoirs, p. 115; Archeologia,
vol. xviii. 4 ; Bacon's Works, vol. ii. p. 514, 4to. Mr. Hallam r€(ject9
the murder of Prince Henry, but does not suggest any other cause. Now
supposing, in accordance with his opinion, this cause removed, it is neces-
sary to seek another ; we ask, therefore, could it concern any design on
the Qjueen ? It is singular that in this King's history there are two cir*
cumstances, both connected with the greatest crimes — the murder of
Overbury and the Gowrie conspiracy — that seem to baffle all explanation.
But we will make a few miscellaneous extracts from oar notes on this sub-
ject. '^ It does not appear quite clearly how the murder of Overbury was
first discovered. The account generally believed is, that some letters fell
into Wiuwood's hands when resident in Holland, which satisfied him that
Overbury had been murdered, and induced him to prosecute an inquiry.'*
(See Nott's cd. of Lord Surrey, vol. i. p. 484.) *' D*£wes says that
(>verbury had been charged with having proposed to poison Prince Henry,
and that himself having perished by poison was considered as a judgment
upon him from Heaven.*' (Ibid. p. 487.) We find in Sir Oeoi]g«
RadcIifTe's I^etters (p. lO.*!) the following passage : " There hath been a
great adoc about the poisouinge of a gentleman in the Tower ; one is haiiged»
another fled, some examined, and divers imprisoned, but small certainty is
yet knowne. It is confidently reported that the Earlc of Somerset is tent
to the Tower ' yesterday night.' " t There is still another conjecture which
we venture to propose, believing, as wc do, that the field of history is
still open, and that the truth has not been discovered : Supposing that
Mr. Harris's supposition is not received, (v. Life of James I.) of the fear the
King had of crimes being divulged, which we cannot even hint at without
shame ; supposing all connected with Prince Henry's death removed from
the historical canvas > supposing, lastly, that we should, without sufficieot
caose have hinted at some designs against the Qaeen \ then, and not till
then, we venture to suggest ti licther the King might not have been privy
to a design which appears to have been formed, of taking away Lord
* See a floe poetical paisai^ in Va). FUccus (Argon, iii. 387,) where the iphits of
those who have died by a Tiolent and unjust death are allowed to pass from Tartantt
•faia to earth, and onw qf the FurieM tent at their companumt to torment and affri^
their mordertrs.
— ^ Comes una loromm
Additar, et pariter terras atque «qaora histrant.
Qttisqna suoa sontes, inimieaque pectora poenis
Implleat ; et TariA meritos formiiUiio paliaat.
t Sm ea this sal^eel NieMs's Ftogrssies of Jamee L and Mr. ChaMbsrlab's
LiCtfrs, part L p. 4S, Ac.
124 Jesse's Memoirs of the Court of the Stuarts. [Feb.
Essex s life, in order to enable the Countess to marry Somerset, Mr.
Chamberlain writes — ** There was a speech of a divorce to be prosecuted
this term betwixt the Earl of Essex and his lady, and to that end he was
content to confess (whether true or feigned) insufl&ciency in himself; but
there happened an accident that much altered the case ; for she, having
sought out a certain wise woman, had much conference with her ; and
she, after the nature of such creatures, drawing much money from her, at
last cozened her of a jewell of great value, for which being apprehended
and clapt up, she accused the lady of divers strange questions and projects -,
and in conclusion, that she dealt with her for the making away of her lord,
as aiming at another mark ; upon which scandal and slander the Lord
Chamberlain (Somerset) and his friends think it not fit to proceed with
the divorce.'* Now this was written mpre than four months before the
poisoning of Overbury, seven months before the marriage of the Earl of
Somerset, and no less than three entire years before all these machinations
were exposed to the world. Mr. Nichols remarks — *' that the scandal was
silenced at this time by the Countess and her guilty paramour ; yet it seems
wonderful that even the powerful influence of the favourite s'nould have
been stifficient to suppress the public rumours ;'* but '* close to the regal
chair," during these three years, sate the twin Furies, fear and shame ;
and if this was in truth the " damned spot of blood " that we have been
seeking, no doubt all the power of the Crown and its minions was exerted
to conceal it. Language must want a meaning, and the passions and conduct
of men can no longer be the authentic interpreters of their thoughts^ if
some terrible secret, some unrevealed crime, was not shaking the bosom
of the guilty King, and frightening his mind *' from its propriety " by
the prospect of detection. Some intolerable wrong had been done : what
it was, perhaps, will now never be disclosed ; but we think that it lies
within the circle of the suppositions which we have made. The times
were indeed calamitous and sad : * impurity and dishonour, and all sensual
lusts and desires and vanities were holding their guilty revel in their luxarions
chambers, soon to be the abode of darkness, and the prison of suffering and
woe. ** Quid memorem infandas caedes ? " The degradation of the times
polluted even its literature, so that it is difficult for the most impartial
mind, in this reign, to separate truth and falsehood, as they are thrown
together in the virulent and base party pamphlets of the time, which
are now the necessary, but unworthy, materials of our history. Would
any man of sense, of feeling, or of honour, believe what Sir S. D'Ewcs
relates of Sir F. Bacon ?
-'' Pudet hsec opprobria nobis
Et dici potuisse, et non potuisse refelli."
We will now favour Mr. Jesse with the names of one or two contempo-
rary treatises on the subject, which we possess, and of which, probably,
he never heard : — 1. **The bloody downfallof Adultery, Murder, and Am-
bition, presented in a black scene of God's just judgments, in revenge of
innocent blood lately shed in this kingdom ; to which are added, Mistress
Turner's last teares for the murder of Sir T. Overbury, who was poysoned
in the Tower." This small book is in verse, with a jwrtrait of Mrs. Tur-
ner, and bears no date. 2. *' Niccol's Richard, Sir T. Overburies Vision
with the ghoasts of Weston, Mrs. Turner, the late Lieftenant of the
* On these degraded and wretched times ; compare Wilson's Life of James, p.
146 ; Parr's Life of Usher, p. 397 ; Sanderson's History of James, p. 412. To give
an idea of the middle ranks, generally esteemed most correct, the account of the
" citiaens' wives " in the comedies of the age is quite sufllcicnt.— Sec Wharton's
Life of Laud; p. 183.
J 840.] Jesse's Memoirs of the Court of the Stuarts, 125
Tower, and Franklin.*' 1616. This is also a poem of great rarity ; the
author of it was the same person who|con tinned the Mirror for Magistrates
in 1610. A. Wood has not mentioned this among his works. There is a
poem on the death of Overburie, in Pieces of Ancient Poetry, 4to. p. 21,
Bristol. '* There was an old lad," &c. Also an Elegy on Sir T. Over-
bury'a prison in the Tower, in W. Brown's MSS. Poems, 4to. p. Ill, ed.
Brydges. We shall only add that, Mr. Jesse being himself a poet, might
in duty have thrown a few of the flowers upon Overbury's grave, * which
had blossomed under the purer sunshine of his early life ; it would not
have been descending below the dignity of history, for ly woirjfiaeri, says
Plutarch, irpostpiXorroipiiTeoy,
In the Life of William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, (vol. i. p. 317,) Mr.
Jesse might have added to the interest of his narrative, as well,
perhaps, as have more fully pourtrayed the early character of the nobleman,
had he informed his readers of the curious discovery, made not long since,
that it was to this person to whom, under the initial letters of W. H.
the Sonnets of Shakspeare were inscribed, as *' the only begetter" of them.
The hypothesis, as Mr . Hallam observes, is not strictly proved, but suffi-
ciently so to demand our assent ; and it is the only hypothesis that has
been made, that can at all relieve these very extraordinary productions of
our greatest poet, of some of the mystery which hangs over expressions of
passion most equivocally expressed, and of devotedness and idolatry so in-
tensely displayed, as far to surpass all the natural and intelligible feelings
of the mind. What can be the meaning of language addressed " to some
unknown youth," so rapturous, so intensely passionate, that Mr. Cole-
ridge's impression was ** that they could only have come from a man deeply
in love, and in love with a woman } " View them in the most favourable
light, and yet we must agree with Mr. Hallam, " that it is impossible not
to wish that Shakspeare had never written them. There is a weakness
and folly in all excessive and misplaced affection, which is not redeemed
by the touches of nobler sentiments that abound in this long series of
sonnets." All that can be said in their favour, is well expressed by the
same writer.f ** If we seize a clue which innumerable passages give us,
and suppose that they allude to a youth of high rank, as well as personal
beauty and accomplishment, in whose favour and intimacy, according to
the base prejudices of the world, a player and a poet — though he were the
author of Macbeth — might be thought honoured ; something of the strange-
ness, as it appears to us, of Shakspeare's humiliation in addressing himaa
a being before whose feet he crouched, whose frown he feared, whose
injuries, and those of the most insulting kind, the seduction of the mistress
to whom we have alluded, he felt and bewailed, without resenting— some-
thing, we say, of the strangeness of this humiliation — and it is at best but
a little — may be lightened, and in a certain sense rendered intelligible."
When Mr. Jesse speaks of this nobleman, ** as standing a superior being
among the buffoons and sycophants of the court of James ; among them^
but not of them ; " (p. 317 ; ) we arc constrained to add a note, not mncb
* We take thu opportanitj of saying, that the last edition of Overbury, 1753, (the
tenth,) has omitted lome things which are to be found in the edition of 1638, as,
I. Ad Comitissam Rutlandic ; 2. Paradoxes ; 3. Receipts ; 4. The Mountebank's
Song.
It is strange that " Overbury,*' was overlooked bv Mr. Ellis in his specimens.
That Tery scarce poem, ** The Husbande,*' 1614, (of which only one copy is known,)
with commendatory verses by B. Jonson, (not in his works,) was suggested by Over*
ury»g •* Wife."
t See HtUuB's Intr. to Lit. vol. ill. p. 503. : : ......
126 Jesse's Memoirs of the Court of the Stuarts. [Feb.
in harmony with the text, from the writer whom we have just quoted, and
say, that " proofs of the low moral character of Mr. W. H. are con-
tinual."
We could have wished that Mr. Jesse had allowed himself more ample
room in his account of " that great secretary of nature, Francis Bacon ;*'
for his Memoirs of the *' wisest of mankind/' are scarcely more copious that
those of *' Archie, the court fool." He is also surely wrong in calling him
*' Lord Bacon/' a title he never had 5 and also at p. 363, there is an
error : it was not to Lord Bacon, but to his father Sir Nicholas Bacoui that
Queen Elizabeth made the observation on his house, which was at Gorham-
bury and not Redgrave, Suffolk. It is a curious fact, that a few years ago,
the fine monument and statue of white marble, erected over him in St.
Michael's Church, St. Alban's, was stolen in the night, carried out of the
chancel window, and found the next morning lying broken in the church-
yard : it is supposed that the sacrilegious robber found its weight too
great to be removed without discovery.
In his account of the discovery of the burial place of Charles the F^rst
(vol. ii. p. 198) Mr. Jesse has transcribed part of the well written narrative
drawn up by Sir Henry Halford, to which we here allude, on account of the
following passage : " The left eye in the first moment of discovery VH»t opsn
and fully though it vanished almost immediately.'* As this most interesting
and curious circumstance had made an impression on our minds from the
time we first read the narrative, we spoke of it a few months ago to the
very respectable and intelligent person who shows St. George's Chapel to
visitors, who assured us repeatedly and emphatically, that he was present
during the whole disinterment, that he saw distinctly and watched carefully
everything that occurred, and that the eye of the dead King, over which
the shadows of death had passed two centuries ago, was not again open
with the semblance and mockery of life. M^c say this with every wish to
avoid giving offence, but thinking it may lead to the discovery of the truth,
on which ever side it may be found, on this singularly interesting point.
Mr. Jesse speaks (vol. ii. p. 216) *'of the reputed loveliness of Henrietta,
which, notwithstanding the exquisite portraits of Vandyck, and the enthu-
siasm of the contemporary poets, has been occasionally disputed.** We will
give him a good authority on this subject, not quoted before : — ** Cette Prin-
cesse," says Mad. dc Mottcville, " ^tait fort defigur^e par la grandeur de sa
maladie, et des ses malheurs, et n'avoit plus gu^re de marqucr de sa beauts
pass^. Elle avoit les yeux beaux, le teint admirable, etle nez bien fait. II y
avoit dans son visage quelquc chose de si agreablc qu'elle se faisoit aimer
de tout le monde. Mais elle etoit maigre et petite : elle avoU mime la taille
gates, et sa bouche, qui naturellement n'^toit pas belle, par la maigreur desan
visage, itoit devenue grande, J'ai vu dc ses portraits, qui etx)ient faits du
temps de sa beauts, qui montroient qu'elle avoit ^t^ fort aimable,
et comme sa beauts n'avoit dur6e que Tespace du matin, et favoit quiit^
avant son midi; elle avoit accoutum^ dc maintenir, que lesfemmesnepeuvsnt
plus lire belles passe tringt'deux ans.'^* The same authority informs us that
her misfortunes had so overwhelmed her, and her mind was so penetrated
with the sorrows of her situation, that she was always in tears. Her intel-
lect was so shaken, that one day saying to her physician, ** she feared she
should lose her reason,'* — " fear not. Madam/' he said, '' you have already
lost it.*' '' Vous n'avez que faire de le craindre^ Madame, vous I'etes d^jk"
Does Mr. Jesse know of that curious document, the account of tht
civil wars and revolution, taken from the recital of Henrietta, and printed
^ f : ^ M^oirea de M. de MotteriUey t. i. p. S90.
1 840.] Jesse's Memoirs of the Court of the Stuarts, 127
in Madame Motteville's Memoirs ? How much Cardinal Richelieu was im-
plicated iu fomenting our troubles, is there shown : see also Heylin's Life
of Laud (p. 3\i6), Mad. de Mottevillc saw Henrietta the day after she
heard the news of Charleses death, and the account she gives of the
interview is most affecting. She said she had lost " un roi, un mari, un
ami/* her king, her husband, and her friend, and she wondered how she
could still live. From living so long in England, it was observed that she
had lost the correctness and purity of her French style and pronunciation.
Mr. Jesse has given a very fair and judicious character of Lord Falk-
land (vol. ii. p. 412 ;) but as the anecdotes which he has collected, have
been well known to the reader of history, he would have added much in*
tercst and some novelty to his sketch, if he had entered into the subject
of the poetical character and talents of Lord Falkland. A few years since
to^ collected his poems, from many scarce and obscure volumes in which
they were dispersed, and printed them in three or four successive numbers
of this Magazine.* They are well worthy of his high reputation, and
should find their way into the general collection of the English Poets. The
late Sir Egerton Brydges expressed his thanks to us for our labours, which
he was pleased to esteem, and to think that we had made a grateful offeriilg
to the patriot's tomb, when we led the Muses from the battle-field— >
ojrXa yap i\Qpwv
KapTTOvs 'Etpi/vijs avT€oibai,€ Tpiipeiy,
Had Mr. Jesse thought fit, he might have enriched his life of SucktiDg
with many entertaining pieces of humour and satire, which are not noticed
in the ordinary biographies and accounts of the poet. Did Mr. Jesse
ever see a scarce pamphlet — " Letter sent from Sir John Suckling from
France, deploring his sad Estate and Flight, '* 1 64 1 ? The pasquinade on
Sir T. Suckling begins
'* Goe, doleful! iheete, to every streete
Of London round about-a ;
And tell 'urn all thy master's fall
That live bravely mought-a.'*
It is further valuable as proving that Sir J. Suckling was living in Paris
June If), 1641; whereas modem writers, among whom is Mr. Jesse,
place his death in May 1641. As regards Suckling's plays, we take the
opportunity of observing that Mr. Wfirburton, the herald, had manuscripts
of them more perfect than those published, which wxre destroyed, among
the others, by his servant. One of Owen Fcltham*s poems, " When,
dearest, I but think on thee/* see Resolves (Lusoria), foL p. 29, is often
given to Suckling, and placed in his works. Sheridan appears to have had
a design of re- modelling Suckling's (loblins, and adapting it to the modem
stage ', but he left his sketch imperfect, and without a name. We most
now break off in our vague and pleasing wanderMIgs in the land of song )
we must leave
'* The gleam, the lihadow, and the Peace supreme ; *'
but we trust not before we have left an agreeable impression on the minds
of our readers of Mr. Jesse's volumes, which will malce no unworthy com*
pauion of Mr. D* Israeli's admirable Memorials of Charles the First. The
style in which they are written is pleasing and generally correct : there are
a few, and but few, negligences, and we fortunately only once meet with
such an expression as " the conduct of Henrietta was not feiicUoui f
(vol.ii. p. 202).
^ Ssc Ocat. Msg. New Seriti , Vol. IV. 42, 268, 389 ; voL IX. 1537272.
128
SHOTTESBROOKE CHURCH, BERKSHIRE.
( With a Plate.)
THE church of St. John Baptist,
Shottesbrooke, is a perfect model of an
ecclesiastical edifice. The structure
is the entire work of one period, and
possesses the advantage of an ascer-
tained date, and, what is met with
in few ancient churches, one style of
architecture pervades the whole design
even to the minor portions. For sym-
metry and beauty it has few equals ;
the plan is harmonious, the architec-
ture chaste and elegant.
In the year 1337 Sir William Tres-
sell, of Cubblesdon in StaflFordshire,
who had shortly before purchased the
manor of Shottesbrooke, founded a
college for a warden and five priests,
or if the revenue would bear it, five
more were to be added (but the num-
ber of ten was never to be exceeded)
and two clerks. This college he en-
dowed with the church of Shottes-
brooke, and an annual rent of 405.
charged on this manor; a fire oc-
curring soon after, which damaged
the college, some further endowments
appear to have been bestowed upon it,
but the church evidently sustained no
injury, and to this day remains, as far
as the architecture of the structure is
regarded, nearly in the same state as
when it came out of the hands of the
founder.
The plan is cruciform, consisting of
a nave flanked by two uniform porches,
a transept and chancel, with a central
tower and spire ; there arc no ailcs
to either portion, and what is remark-
able, it has no extraneous chapels or
other appendages. The plan is in
consequence an entire and unbroken
cross.
Hearne,* somewhat hastily, assumed
that the church was builtf in the form
of a cross in allusion to the arms of the
founder. Sir William Tressell, being a
cross flory ;t and he has been followed
by the editor of Ashraole's Berkshire
Collections, (Sir Edward Bysshe) as
• Account of some antiquities between
Windsor and Oxford. Lei. Itin. Vol. V.
{». 130.
I Or. a cross flory, gules.
2
well as by Lysons ; but there can be no
ground for this supposition ; the plan
was influenced by a nobler and holier
conception ; the cruciform arrangement,
80 common in our ancient churches, was
not adopted to perpetuate the heraldic
insignia of a family, but was chosen
in remembrance of the emblem of oar
holy faith, the blessed Cross, — at once
the memorial of man's salvation, and
the distinguished badge of the Catho-
lic church.
The architecture is of the descrip-
tion which, according to a somewhat
fashionable nomenclature, is called the
" decorated " style ; but, as it is
a far plainer building than a number
of other structures of earlier as well
as of later periods, we do not recog-
nize in it, the truth of the designation :
its distinguishing characteristics are
the flowing tracery of the windows,
and the small angular caps which ter-
minate the buttresses. The parapets
are finished with a coping without
battlements, and the gables of the
building are lofty and acute, leading
up gracefully and naturally to the tall
and slender steeple, which appropri-
ately rises from the centre of the build-
ing.
The view of the church which forms
the subject of the engraving is taken
from the north-west, and the artist
(Mr. John Buckler, F.S.A.) has shewn
the nave and one of its porches, the
north transept, with the tower and
spire ; and it is admirably chosen for
the display of the character and uni-
formity of the architectural features of
the building, llic entire structure is,
however, so concealed with trees, that
it is scarcely possible to see the church
in any point of view so perfect as that
shewn in the engraving.
The nave contains no less than three
entrances, each of which consists of a
neat equilateral pointed arch, with
moulded jambs and architrave. The
principal one is in the west front,
over which is a window of three lights,
with quatrefoil tracery in the head
of the arch ; above this rises a gable
bounded by a coping and surmounted
1840.]
Shoitesbrooke Churchy Berkshire.
129
by a cross, a fragment of which still
exists. The angles of the front are
strengthened by bold duplicated but-
tresses, which are less splayed than
usual, and finished by neat caps, each
inclosing within the head-line five
cusps. The flanks of the nave have
each a window of two lights on either
side of the porch, of the same general
pattern as that seen in the transept.
The porches have pointed arches of
entrance, surmounted with gables
finished as the principal elevation. At
the corners are angular buttresses, and
in the flanks small trefoil-headed
lights.
A similar style of design is observ-
able in the north transept. The large
window is of three lights, the tracery
cuspated, the lines flowing, and in
each flank wall it a window m before
described.
The uniformity of the architecture is
continued in the choir. At the east end
is a large and magnificent window of
five lights, with cuspated tracery in the
head of the arch, the lines flowing with
great elegance. The design, though
closely assimilating with the archi-
tecture of those in the nave and tran-
septs, is, in consequence of its situation
above the high altar^ of greater im-
portance and beauty. The elevation
terminates with a gable and cross,
and the angles are buttressed as
in the other portions of the structure.
The side walls are made by buttresses
into three divisions, each containing a
window of the like design as those in
the nave and transept. In the centre
of the church rises a square tower in
two stories above the roof; in the
upper story is a neat window of two
lights, and the elevation is finished
with an embattled parapet. At the
north-west corner an hexagonal tur-
ret, erected for the purpose of inclos-
ing a staircase, rises from the ground
to a few feet above the parapet, where
it is finished with a low pyramidal
roof; the interior is lighted at intervals
by small loops : the present entrance
to this staircase is by a modern aper-
ture in one of the exterior faces. An
octangular spire rises from within the
battlement of the tower, of a graceful
and elegant form ; it is lighted by four
angular-headed loops, at about a third
of its height, and is finished with a
capital and vane. In its original state
G£NT. Mao. Vol. XUl.
this spire was enriched at its base by
a group of pinnacles, which very grace-
fully avoided the abruptness conse-
quent on the change from the square
to the octagon, in the two members of
the steeple. From the leads of the tower
may be seen the square bases of these
pinnacles, which are fixed to the several
facesofthespire, to the numberof twelve.
Four, of a larger design than the others,
correspond with the angles of the
tower ; the other eight, which are
smaller, are placed in pairs on those
faces 0^ the spire which correspond
with the sides ofthe supporting tower.
All these pinnacles have been removed,
or have fallen from the effects of time.
When perfect, the effect ofthe entire
structure must have been very superior
to its present appearance. The lofty
and taper pinnacle, springing from the
group of smaller ones, somewhat in
the style ofthe spire of St. Mary's Ox-
ford, must have formed, on the whole, a
ferfect and very beautiful composition,
n its present defective state it pos-
sesses great beauty, and, whether the
spire is viewed from a distance above
the surrounding foliage, or nearer from
the adjacent park, its graceful form and
elevation renders it a very pleasmg
ornament to the neighbouring scenery.
The scientific observer, however^ can-
not view it without feelings of pain«
and anticipations of its destruction at
no very distant period. In the last
century the upper part was struck by
lightning, and, though repaired at the
time, the fissures now appear to be
opening, and evidently threaten de-
struction to the structure.
The interior possesses less of the
original character than the outside ;
plaster ceilings and pewing have done
much to destroy the effect ofthe struc-
ture when in its pristine state. The
nave and transepts are pewed, and a
gallery is erected in the north transept.
The nave is well proportioned, and very
light, occasioned by the number of
windows in comparison with the space.
The west window, in its original state,
was doubtless filled with stained glass ;
representing, perhaps, the portraits of
the benefactors, whose arms still exist
in the tracery. The font retains its ori-
ginal situation in the middle of the
nave, at a short distance from the west
door. It is of dimensions sufficiently
large for immersion, and octangular in
S
1840.]
Shotiesbrooke Church, Berkshire.
131
6. Argent, three fusils conjoined in
fesse gules. Montacute,
The tracery of the choir-windows
contained a single shield in each. Of
these there remain on the north side,
... a saltire ... it is plastered over, and
the colours undistinguishable.
South side : —
1. Gules, three cross-crosslets and a
chief or. Ardeme.
2. Sable, a cross engraiMe or, a bend
ermine.
In the east window of the south
transept is the bust of a knight to the
breast. He has pourpoint over his
armour, on the head a basinet with a
visor raised to shew the face, which
has large mustachios ; a gorget of mail
is seen at the chin. Round the head
are the remains of a quatrefoil, shew-
ing a relic of the lead work of the ancient
glazing. There are also various frag-*
ments in the opposite and in the south
windows, including some neat and
not inelegant quarries. In the eastern
window of the north transept are the
remains of a crucifix.
The lateral windows in the nave,
like those of the choir, each contained
a single shield ; of these only two re-
main, in windows on eacn side of
the nave, and which are repetitions of
each other, viz. Quarterly, 1 and 4, Or,
frett^e azure ; 2 and 3, Barree or and
azure ; Penbruge.
In the west window are three
shields :
1 . Or, a saltire gules.
2. Quarterly, first and fourth. Azure,
three fieurs-de-lis or; second and third.
Gules, three lions passant gardant in
pale or, a bordure azure, charged with
fieurs-de-lis or.
3. Argent, on a chief azure two mul-
lets or.
The above are all the remains of the
stained glass which once embellished
the windows of this elegant church.
The sepulchral remains are worthy
of attention.
The monuments of the founder. Sir
William Tressel, and his lady, Maud,
daughter of Sir William Butler, Lord
of Wemme, occupy the entire north
wall of the transept. The two monu-
ments are exactly similar; they are
altar- tombs, surmounted with cano-
pies of four arches, each of elegant
form, separated by pinnacles. In the
tpukdrilt are sixteen thicldt^ which
are represented as suspended by belts
from hooks. These shields were once
emblazoned with armorial bearings,
now entirely obliterated. On three of
the shields the remains of armorial bear-
ings are visible, in consequence of the
lines having been traced with a point
on the surface of the stone. The
following may be distinguished :
1. Three lions rampant, impaling
2 impaling three lions
rampant.
3 a fesse engrailed . . . . , in
the dexter chief a lion rampant, which
is probably one of three; the whole
within a bordure; but these are in
all probability the remains of the arms
of " Richard Powle, sometime Register
of the Chancery, " and Anne Chester
his wife, and Henry Powle and Ka-
tharine his wife, which, with the dates
1583 and 1628, had been usurpingly
substituted for the original bearings,
and which remained in Ashmole's
times, the Powles being buried in the
same transept.
The founder lies within the western-
most of these tombs, and in Heame't
days was to be seen through a defect
in the wall, " wrapt up in lead," and
his wife, " in leather, at his feet."
The next in point of importance is
a rather singular monument, to the
memory of William ThrokmortOD,
Warden of the College. The effig]^ of
the deceased, smaller than life, attired
in a long gown, with his doctor's hood
and cap, having the hands conjoined*
lies within a stone coffin, against the
north wall of the choir. Across the
middle of the effigy is a slab of atone,
bearing a brass plate, with the fol-
lowing inscription :
« l^rrc Ipetb l]^i?n*m tfbrolhmarton,
if^t, doctor of Ia\oe, latr gartf n of ct^i#
thuttfff ttbicb Drre^^ib tfft xii- bap af
Sanuari, Xn'o tfni jOittttmptf', on
tDboi¥ ^ouU Si'bu' baue JdUrcp. XmC.
** € terra in tiHrm reioluto corpore
trrram ;^anctam rrpecto M mmtir
cortij^ oprm 4ix0ptctii f in litu* xtbis
bibe carnti^ amictu* ^t canOcm nttlit
rtgna brata poli."
The brasses are very interesting. In
the centre of the chancel, on a large
slab, is one of rather unnsnal ocnr-
rence, as it represents two male effi-
gies. That on the dexter side is a
132
Shottesbrooke Church, Berkshire.
{Feb
priest in vestments, the face bearing
the impress of age; the hands are
conjoined on the breast. The stole,
maniple, and bordure of the alb are
ornamented by devices almost pe-
culiar to effigies of the fourteenth
century, which are squares, containing
crosses-craropon^e alternatiDg with
quatrefoils. The shoes are pointed.
The other effigy represents an aged
and demure looking man, with a
forked beard and moustachios, having
a wrinkled forehead, and the hair stiff
and combed off the face. The dress
is a tunic, close fitting and buttoned
up the front, reaching to the calves.
From the middle a short sword de-
pends from a girdle ; a mantle is worn
over the tunic, fastened by three but-
tons on the right shoulder, and falling
gracefully over the left arm. On the
legs are hose, with pointed shoes.
The two effigies stand within a rich
double niche, which formerly had a
slender column in the centre, and is
covered with two cinquefoil arches, with
sweeping canopies, richly crocketed ;
in each is a rose. At the feet of the
effigies was originally an inscription
on a narrow plate of brass, which has
been removed. Between the canopies
is a small quatrefoil, which doubtless
once contained some religious, or, in
modern phraseology, superstitious re-
presentation. With these exceptions,
and a trifling mutilation of the pinna-
cles, this brass is in fine state of pre-
servation. The effigies are each 4 feet
2 inches long, and the entire brass 7
feet 7 inches long, and 2 feet 7 in
breadth. It is engraved, from a most
incorrect drawing by Ashmole, in
Bib. Top. Britannica, No. xvi.
The date of this brass is late in the
fourteenth century ; and it may fairly
be presumed to commemorate the first
Master of the college, with his brother.
The ages appear to be equal : their
lives, perhaps, were pleasant, and in
their deaths they were not divided.
This brass, with the monument of Dr.
Throckmorton, are the only two in
thb church which commemorate sa-
cerdotal personages.
On the floor of the north transept,
at the foot of the monument of the
founder and his ladv, lies a brass of a
lady, clad in a long gown, covering
the feet, and bound round the middle
with a girdle, hanging down in front.
The head dress is reticulated, with a
veil ; the neck covered with a barbe ;
the costume being that of a widow.
The head reclines on two ornamented
cushions, and on a surrounding ledge, at
the corners of which were the symbols
of four Evangelists, of which the angel
and the lion only remain, there was
an inscription, of which the words
in black letter only are preserved :
Jcp 0lrft Dame Margaret qui fitUt
lefemme Moruir F . . .
pennelirp08 cbeua/i>r priez pur luy
a dieu quil de naluie eit pitie et
mercy. Amen,
This slab commemorates Margaret,
daughter and heir of Sir William
Tressell, the founder, and widow of
Sir Fulke Pennebrygg. She died in
1401. This brass is engraved in
Gough's Sepul. Mon., Vol. II. pi. t.
p. 11.
On the floor of the same transept is
an effigy of a gentleman, in plate ar-
mour, bare-headed, with straight hair.
Below is the following inscription :
** i^ere l?etb tbe iiob? of Stici^arti
43?n j^qu^er, late jtfergeant of t\)t
*35ahebouj* «»'• Illiin0 benrp tbe bif, ;
anb aUo \0?tb Dt?n0 tenre tU biij. ;
and baioli? of tbe taij. bundrebtf of Coham
and ^pa? ; tbe tobicbe 1H\cf)avtttct0tt^
)?• toil. Dflj? of tCuflUjJt, ttt pere of our
tloiD ^ob M°M^icif 0* uibo^e ^oule
3I'bB' baue mcp.*'
In the same transept, another brass
represents, with admirable fidelity, one
of the bluff yeomen of the bluff King
Henry, accompanied with his three
wives. He is represented in a furred
gown, bearing on the left shoulder
a crown, as the badge of his office.
His wives are represented, one on his
right side, and two on his left. Below
the second wife are three sons ajid two
daughters, and under the third wife
one daughter. There are two inscrip-
tions, one in English, which shew8«
in one point of view, at least, that he
was useful in his generation.
The other inscription is in Latin, and
is remarkable as the production of a
lady, Elizabeth, one of the daughters
of Sir Anthony Cooke, who had a tasta
for this kind of composition. The
following are transcripts of both in-
scriptions :
*'^ttt Tpetb ^Burf en (Cb(ma# j^tfcf.
1 840.]
ShoUetbrodke Church, Berkshire.
133
\o()o for W great age anb tiertuotiij %\t^
tta^ lietoerenced of al( men, anb comenlp
calleO iFatber J^ohe; created 4Ej^quier
b? U?n0e C;rnr)? tbe biii. ^z tDajf of
j^tature bi0b anb comi?, anb for til^
rrceUenceinartilarie made ^oman of tbe
crotune of <(Sn0Tanb ; tnbicb tab in W
lief tbree wifetf, anb bi? etjerp of ttem
j^omfru?teanb oftfprPn0e,anb ^eceatf-
^cD tbe rri. ba? of 'I(u0utft, 1567. in tbe
nzxz of bi^ age Hrrrtjii. Iea\)in0 beb?nbe
b?m Julian. W Mt toief, ttoo of W
brotbrrne, one lister, one onl? j^onne,
anb If. bau0bter^ tpbing."
<' «CpitApbiab'ne ^Slisabetb l^obibiein
morte' Cbome J^lolie.
<* <^ multum biUcte ^tntr pater atiji;
\)ocate \3ei quia granbeuuj^, tiel quia
probu^ erai^. ?(nnoj^ bii:i|^ti notoieif
becem atq; tfateKe? IFibutf eraitf regum
fibu^ eratfq^ tuiitf. 3!am fatitf functui^
balratf, i^cb tu beuitf alme j^ic mibi
concrbaj^ biuere ^icq^ mori.''
Father Noke has a happy conteDted
expression in his countenance. He
looks hke a man who enjoyed this
world, and the good things thereof;
and, never having heard of any theories
of population, he prided himself upon
his " fruyte and ofsprynge," and
without doubt his royal masters and
mistresses did the same.
Above the effigies is the following
shield of arms : ... on a fesse coticed
. . . between three leopard's faces . . .
a bow . . . between two ducal coronets
. . . ; crest, on a wreath, a lion's paw
erased and erected .... environed
with a ducal coronet . . . and holding
an arrow ....
There are numerous modern monu-
ments to the Cherry family, and to
Dodwell the antiquary.
The floor of the chancel has origi-
nally been covered with coloured tiles
of good workmanship. The pavement,
when entire, formed a kind of mosaic.
Several octagon tiles remain, with
various devices. One appears to be
the symbol of Saint John, with the in-
scription (I()J)ffNNES); on another is
a lion's face ; on a third, a man armed
with a sword, and at his feet a dragon.
There is another monument which
cannot be passed without notice. This
is a coffin lid, ridged and once ensigned
with a cross, which lies in the church-
yard, in the angle between the south
transept and the choir. This tomb
the author so often quoted, T. Heame,
says is that of the architect, and he
gives the following particulars : "They
say (and it hath been a constant tradi-
tion) that this person, having either
laid the last stone of the spire, or else
fix'd the weathercock, call'd for some
wine or ale on purpose to drink the
King's health, which being brought
up to him, he had no sooner drunk it
but he accidentally fell down, was
dash'd to pieces, and was afterwards
buried under the spire, with this rough
stone over his grave." This is pro-
bably a mere village tradition. The
stone is evidently older than the
church, and, in all probability, has
lain in the churchyard ever since the
present one was built, having been
preserved from the former church ; for
Shottesbrooke possessed a church at the
period of the Domesday survey. The
modern brick-work under this coffin
stone was set up when a modern
rector (Richard Clear) was buried
beneath it by his own direction, at
which period no remains of a prior
interment were discovered.
Shottesbrooke church and its lo-
calities were favourite subjects with
old Tom Hearne. In a gossiping
note on Crosses, to his edition of Ro-
bert of Gloucestre's Chronicle, he gives
many particulars of the church ao4
adjacent college ; the latter structure
existing at that time as a farm house,
on tbe south side of tbe church. He
thus describes a curious appendage tp
the latter : " Some years agoe there
was a passage from this farm-house
overthwart the church way, and so
down a pair of steps, by a door, into
the south chancel, or south cross of
the church, where there is a seat that be-
longs to them that live in the farm house.**
He adds, " I know not for what reason
it was puU'd down, unless it were to
make the church look more uniform
(as, indeed, destroying antiquity and
committing sacrilege is too commonly
now-a-days call'd uniformity) ; but
it was destroyed so lately, that I well
remember people frequently talk of it
when I was a schoolboy, and to relate
that it conducted into the church ; and
that those of the college house and
farm us'd commonly to come into the
church that way."
The arch of entrance may still be
traced in the wall of the transept;
and a gap in the garden wall opposite
134
On the Polytheism of the Ancient Britons.
[Feb.
has evidently been filled up. This
singular passage must have been an
humble specimen of a covered walk,
like the magnificent passage into Wells
Cathedral, leading from the Vicar's
college to the chapter house and cathe-
dral.
The two spacious halls, with their
chimneys and the parlours, and other
remains of the college, existing when
Hearne wrote, have long since been
lemoved ; a cottage, which probably
formed a part of those buildings, is the
only portion which now exists ;
and the " brave old orchard," with its
" trees in forms of crosses," which in
part existed in Hearne's time, has
also disappeared ; and all the remains
on which the good old antiquary loved
to dilate upon have vanished, leaving
the church the sole remains of the
foundation of Sir Wm. Tressell. This
structure, it has been shewn, is pos-
sessed of a high degree of interest.
Every admirer of genuine old English
architecture should pay it a visit, and
will be certain to leave it highly gra-
tified. He will see in it an elegant
specimen of the workmanship of the
fourteenth century, and a beautiful and
correct model of a church; and it
would be pleasing if the description
would end here ; but the pleasure
afforded by the examination of the
church is damped when the spectator
looks to the upper part of the spire,
and sees the rents which shew them-
selves at the angles of the stone work,
and which may at no distant period oc-
casion the destruction of the spire, and,
in all probability, of the choir also.
That this is no fancied alarm will be
seen by any one who views the open-
ings from the interior. The ruin might
be arrested by rebuilding the upper
part of the spire ; or, at least, banding
it with metal ; but, as it is scarcely to
be supposed that the small parish will
accomplish this work, we can only look
to individual munificence for its pre-
servation. To one sole benefactor
are we indebted for the entire church ;
let us hope that it will be fortunate
enough to owe the trifling repairs it
now requires to a similar source. It is
truly to be wished that this description
may be the means of calling that atten-
tion to the defect which may lead to the
preservation of this beautiful example
of genuine church architecture; as a
small expense may now effect so de-
sirable an object, — which, if longer
delayed, will lead to the destruction
of the entire pile. £. I. C.
ON THE POLYTHEISIC OF THK
ANCIENT BRITONS.
Me. Urban, Hudderafield, Dec. 14.
I HAVE to apologise for again in-
truding myself on your attention, on a
subject which, perhaps, in the opinion
of some of your readers, has already
occupied* too much of your valuable
pages ; but, as the character of the
rites and ceremonies practised by our
British forefathers is little understood,
I trust 1 shall be excused, if I conclude
this subject by stating some facts
that were overlooked in my preceding
paper. My object has been, to bring
before you a brief account of such in-
scriptions on ancient altars found in
Britain as were calculated to shew the
extent to which Polytheism prevailed
in this island. While describing,
however, the character of the inscrip-
tions found on such altars in other parts
of the country occupied by the impe-
rial conquerors, I had omitted to give
any account of two Roman altars that
were at different times found in the
neighbourhood of Hudderstield. The
first of these is the altar found at Greet-
land, not very distant from the site
of the ancient Cambodunum. It
was dedicated, by Titus Aurelius Au-
relianus, "to the God oftheBrigan-
tes," in the first place, and, secondly^
"to the Deities of the Emperors, on
behalf of himself and his followers, in
grateful remembrance of the success of
their undertaking." The reverse in-
forms us, that the altar was erected
when Antonius was Consul a third
time with Geta. Who this God of the
Brigantes was is not so clear, though
some have supposed that Camulus, the
British Mars, was the Deity intended.
The Roman town of Cambodunum is
written Camunlodunum in Ptolemy,
and the name itself thought to be de-
rived from Camulus. But this hypo-
thesis is not very tenable, for, in the
• See vol. XI. p. 133, vol. XII. p. 241,
1 840.] Druidkal Remains in Yorkshire. 135
first place, Camulus was the name of guity of an altar dedicated to Fortune
the god of war given in other parts of to a spring. In the present instance
Britain, and the name given by Pto- there was a bath also, for it fell to my
lemy to this station is generally consi- lot some years ago to discover near
dered incorrect, the proper spelling the same spot a Roman hypocaust,*
being Cambodunum. It admits of no with the usual appendages. The bath
doubt, however, that the Brigantineter- in question seemed to be destroyed^
ritory had its own peculiar Deity. The though the place it occupied was not
other altar, to which I have above aU to be mistaken. The inscription on
luded as having been found in the the altar itself is, " Fortunse sacrum*
neighbourhood of Huddersfield, is one Caius Antonius Modestus, Centurio
dedicated to Fortune. It was disco- legionis seztse victridis, posuit, et vo-
vered by that able antiquary Mr. turn solvit lubens merito." Besides
Watson, amongst the remains of these various deities alluded to in my
buildings, while exploring the site of former papers, it was not unusual with
Cambodunum, which is situate about the Romans to make their addresses
four miles from Huddersfied. It is to the Genius of the place, even where
rather remarkable that this altar was they were strangers. This accounts
found near a perennial spring of very for the many Roman altars found in
pure water, as if the discovry of such Britain, with " Genio loci" inscribed
a treasure had called for ome such on them ; as ^neas, when he arrives
token of gratitude. At any rate, this is at the mouth of the Tiber,
not a solitary instance of the conti-
** frondenti tempore ramo
Implicat, et Geniumqae loci, primamqne Deonun
Tellurem, Nymphasque, et adhac ignota precatus
Flumina.*'
Before I conclude, allow me to sup- scene of Druidical sacrifices, may not
ply another omission, in my account of the term be a corruption of the He-
the Druidical remains of this part of brew nni denoting purification^
the kingdom. In describing the pecu- or purification sacrifice? At the edge
I iarities incidental to these singular re- of Norland Moor, a few miles from
mains, 1 have not applied to them the Halifax, I have already stated that
ordinary designation by which they there is an immense ledge of rock»
are known, such as Ladstones, Bride- which projects over the side of the hill,
stones. Cromlechs, &c. and I should which has been called from the earliest
not have alluded to them on the pre- times the Ladstone. Other rocks have
sent occasion, had I not been re- been so called elsewhere. Some have
minded of this omission by a brother derived the term from the British
antiquary. Among the number of word Llad, to kill ; others from the
these is a stone or pillar at Todmor- Saxon loda, a purgation ; but may it
den, which goes by the name of not be derived from the Hebrew root
" liridestone.*' It does not appear vmh denoting flame, and, in the
that this is a local term, the emana- plural, enchantments ; either of which
tion of idle fancy, as the same term significations would not inaptly apply
is used in other parts of the kingdom, to the nature of the rites and ceremo-
and is in fact applied to some reputed nies performed on Druidical altars?
Druidical remains in Suffordshire. With respect to the term Cromlech, I
Nor are we able to trace the origin of do not remember finding it in any an-
this term, though 1 find that it is used cient deed, except the word Crimlish-
in very early records, referring, among worth (now Crimsworth) derives its
other things, to the Todmorden rocks, name from a Cromlech, situate in that
especially in a deed of Henry VII. If district. The word Cromlech is said
indeed these rocks were originally the to be derived from the Armoric word
* I neglected at that time to forward for insertion in your columns any account of
this hypocaost ; but, as it has not been published any where, it may not be unacceptable
to insert a brief account in some of your future numbers.
136 Generosity of M. Desclieux. — The Coffee-Tree at Martinique, [Feb.
foIlowiDg passage, which will surely
be read with interest, and with a wish
that it were fuller in information.
** At about twelve hundred toitet
(fathoms) from the valley of Criel, which
is watered by the river Y^res, is the village
of Assigny, the native place of M. Des-
clieux, Maretchal-des-campSf and cordon
rouge. This generous citizen was charged
in 1726 to carry out to Martinique two slips
of the coffee-treci raised at the Royal
Botanic Garden (Jar din des PlanteaJ,
and which were supplied by the public
spirit of M. de Ressous, lieutenant-ge-
neral of artillery, an amateur of botany,
who gave up a young plant which he had
brought from Holland in favour of the
Royal Garden. M. Desclieux embarked
with his precious charge, which was here-
after to enrich the cultivation of the
French colonies. The passage was long
and difficult ; water became so very
scarce, that, while the portion of M. Des-
clieux was extremely reduced, he shared
it with his plants. By this generous
sacrifice he succeeded in saving one half
of the trust which had been confided to
him by the King. His sacrifice was amply
rewarded : the coffee multiplied with ex-
traordinary rapidity and success. Till the
end of 1774, when he died at Rouen, this
worthy citizen enjoyed the pleasing satis-
faction of having (so to speak) thus saved
an important colony, and of having en-
riched it with a new branch of industry.
The family of M. Desclieux still lives at
the property of Assigny." Vol. iii. p. 191.
M. Beauvais says, that M. Declieu
(as he gives the name) was appointed
king's-lieutenantat Martiniquein 1723,
adding, what is melancholy to tran-
scribe, that " he was neglected in his
life-time, nor was it till long after his
death that it was proposed to erect a
monument to his memory, a tardy
homage of national gratitude." In
reading this account, which reflects so
little lustre on his countrymen, one is
reminded of the saying, alas ! too
trite, but so strikingly exemplified in
this instance, —
** Post cineres gloria sera venit.''
Where the monument was erected
is not mentioned. Have any of your
readers seen it, and can they furnish
a copy of the inscription ?
Cydweli.
I, crooked, and lech, a stone ; but, if
these stones were really regarded as
sacred, is not the Hebrew term " Ca-
rem luach," that is, "consecrated
stone," a more probable derivation ?
The belief that these rocks were the
scenes of idolatrous worship is sup-
ported by tradition. Such is the case
tn various parts of Scotland and
Wales, where they are sometimes
tailed chapels and temples. We learn,
also, from the early records of idolatry
in Ireland, that one of the chief idols
of that people was styled Cromeruach,
which remained till St. Patrick's time.
We are further told that at his ap-
proach it fell to the ground, and the
minor surrounding idols sunk into the
earth up to their necks. It seems
probable, therefore, that these singu-
lar rocks, known by the name of
Cromlechs, both in Britain and Ire-
land, were originally what tradition
has recorded them to be, heathen al-
tars, upon which the idolatrous priests
shed the blood of victims, and per-
formed their superstitious rites and ce-
remonies. The etymology of the term
Druids has engaged the learning of
many of your contributors, and it is
not in my power to add any new sug-
gestion. The oiibaies, an order of
Druidical priests, may probably be so
called from the Hebrew ob, or oub,
denoting a familiar spirit in Scripture ;
vide 1 Samuel xxviii. 7, 8, &c. &c.
J. K. Walker, M.D.
Mr. Urban, Jan. 6.
IT is to be regretted that Biography
is not sufliciently copious with regard
to persons who have rendered them-
selves remarkable by a single action.
ITie following little narrative retrieves
an interesting circumstance and a
meritorious person from oblivion, and
it is much to be wished that the de-
tails were not so scanty. So little are
the particulars known, that M. Beau-
vais, in a short biographical article
(Diet. Historique, art. Declieu)
states his ignorance of the dates of
this generous patriot's birth and
death, and even gives a blank for his
Christian name. M. Goube, in his
Histoire de Normandie, speaking of
Dieppe and its environs, has the
1840.]
Extracts from Ja/iHi Germany.
137
Extracts from Professor Jahn*s Histo-
rical Essay on Germany.*
Schools. — TO polish, is not to civi-
lise. The excess of education pro-
duces only apples of Sodom, whose
form is pleasing, and whose interior
contains nothing but a dust that flies
into the eye.
Littrature. — There are translations
of the Jerusalem Delivered published
in eleven dialects of Italy.
Lantjuage. — The Persians neglected
to appoint a general language for the
court, the state, and the people ; they
sent orders to their subjects written in
all the languages : at the first violent
shock their empire fell to pieces . . .
The Romans, who founded everything
to last long, consolidated the rule es-
tablished bv their arms with the Latin
tongue (i. e. with the general use of
it).
Kcclrsiastical Acts. — ^The ceremonies
of the Church ought never to be per-
formed in private houses, excepting
baptism in urgent cases, and the com-
munion of the sick.
Sorts. — The Protestants are divided
bydi-^tinctions and divergences, which,
if they are not really material, are yet
so for the people. The mania of no-
velty, the vanity of knowledge, the
spirit of di<<putation, the love of dis-
tinctions, the rage for signalizing one's
Rt'lf, occasion the destruction of what
i<4 ancient but useful, and of what is
nt'w and pood, nnd hinder men from
(ii^ci rning and choosing what is best.
Pronunciation. — In Saxony, they
rhani2:e f) into /;, d into / ; — at Leijizig,
rh into Ar ; — at Drandenburg «/ into ^' ;
— at (lottinj^en </ and 7' into ch; — at
Hanover, they put e for a ; — at Meck-
Ichburjr, na for a.
Effi'ct nfPnctry. — PerhapsKlopstock
jnaW'-* Houfiot do Lille (author of the
Marscillais Hymn) oftoo much impor-
tance, when he says to him, ** You arc
a formidable person ; you have over-
thrown more than fifty thousand Oer-
m
mans."
Rpodimj. — It was a saying of Lu-
ther, " A great number of books does
not make us instructed, neither does
* Jahn, Kfiiai Ilifltorique sur TAIle-
ni.ii(ne, ( Freiirh trannlAtion,) Lyon, 1H3'2,
pft. 4.ii. Some remarks on Onpital Cities,
from the Hame work, have up[M-ared in
(Jrnf. M,!!;. for Sept. I'i.t.i, p. JJO.
(it.NT. M.VU. Vol.. Xlil.
reading much ; but to read what is
good, and to read it often , makes men
instructed and pious."
War. — What is war? A trade of
barbarians, in which all the art con-
sists in being the strongest at a given
point, — said even Napoleon, agitated
by gloomy presentiments, which tor-
mented him on the eve of the battle of
Moscow.
Courage, — Xenophon has allowed,
in the course of his Retreat, that the
most valiant and the most intrepid
warrior was the man who also feared
the gods most.f
The best Christian is also the best and
the bravest soldier. With this maxim
Gustavus Adolphus penetrated further
than his enemies, who thought other-
wise, and who, during his life, did
not gain a single triumph. Who
would exchange the honourable testi-
mony which Gellert renders Laadohn^
for decorations and an elevated rank ?
" fie was one of my first and dearest
companions ; what he said wasjustand
pious; I never heard any thing from his
lips but what was good ; and 1 have al-
ways observed that he was religious."
Invasion. — W^hen he, who has car-
ried his conquests about the worlds
and overthrown all the armies of sol-
diers, at length attacks a people who
are acquainted with defensive war, he
ought, even if he is a great master in
the war of soldiers, to begin school
again as an apprentice.
National Costume. — ^All the ancient
nations who lasted long preserved
themselves from the rage of fashion
by a national costume. £ven the
Romans sometimes designated them-
selves by its name. The Spaniards
during their prosperity, the Poles at
the epoch of their power, the Hunga-
rians in the time of their indepen-
dence, had national costumes which
were in general use, and not worn only
by the aged persons of the country.
VVe also, before the war of Germany
(1(3 IS), had a national costume, and
distinct dresses according to the dif-
ferent classes. Our neighbours, who
profited by the troubles of Germany,
brought us, from the other side of the
Rhine, this malady of foreign orna-
t Here the author refers to Sir R.
Steele's (Miriiitian Hero.
I Marshal Laudohn. C.
'J'
138
Extracts from John's Germany.
[Feb.
inents« which dazzles our eyes and
fills our hearts with Tantty. For
a century and a half we have basely
borne the female yoke : the storm of
nations burst upon us, and the ruin of
the German empire appeared to be
complete.
Fashion, that monster, which hi-
therto the most ingenious thinker has
not been able to describe adequately,
because, as Falke says, it outruns
fashion, and like Saturn devours its
own children : such is the Moloch
to whom we ha^e sacrificed happi-
ness, peace, the delights of life,
health, and country. Unhappily, the
love of what is new in little things,
and the love of what is old in great
ones, is our inveterate evil.
" We Germans are such fellows, that
what 18 new strikes ns, and we catch at it
like fools ; and whoever seeks to dissuade
uSy makes us still more eager. But, if
wiboAj hinders, we are soon weary and
satiated, and gape after another novelty.
Thus the devil has always this advantage,
that tiiere is no pattern too rude, no fancy
too strange, to have its course ; he always
finds votaries, and the Quicker for being
the more unskilful.*' (Luther*s Works,
part iii. p. 338. Jena.)
The wise Franklin said, " the taxes
which the state levies are bearable,
but fashion's taxes are exorbitant."
Fashion is a new infection, whence
results exposure or disguise in lieu of
clothing, ugliness and caricature in
lieu of taste ; it is the common inven-
tion of idlers who find work for others,
and of fools who want to make them-
selves of importance. It injures the
means by useless expenses, the mind
by an odious traflSc in trifles, and the
heart by leading it away from good
taste to attach it to insipidities, it is
pernicious to the body, because it
makes no account of constitutions, of
habits , or of different ages ; it is a
slow poison introduced into domestic
life.*
If a nation has not a national costume,
it makes little progress in invention and
the arts. It imitates fine foreign forms,
which, however, can never become na-
tional ; such is the crow in the fable ;
fOT instance, Schwerin on the Place-
* Moser, Patriotie Fancies. — Garve»
oii Fashion. — Busch) Mond Treatisei.
William at Berlin.f If it follows up
this ephemeral mockery which changes
daily, it only sets up a scare-crow, or
exhibits a punch. At the end of ten
years, our most laboured engravings
are nothing but caricatures. Old fa-
mily-portraits are banished to the gar-
rets, because such ogres frighten the
children. The Romans could pre-
serve the images of their fathers in a
gallery set apart for their ancestors ;
they could even exhibit them publicly,
and offer them to the admiration of
the new members of the family.^
In Germany, where the modern
Germans no longer know how to find
the useful and the instructive, we may
still observe particular costumes among
the men of the lower class. For in-
stance, among the peasants of Altem-
burg and Wierland, among the Sau-
niers at Halle on the Saale, the
Monchgutters at Rugen, the Frisons
in Danish Germany, &c. &c. While
a little population bears its national
costume, it is armed at all points and
escapes the general fusion ; but, if it
strips itself of that protection, it will
become incorporated, and will cease to
exist amid the crowd.
The national German costume should
not be an expensive uniform. Cloth-
ing is a want of civilised man ; the
satisfaction of this want, conformably
to those of the people, is what makes
a national costume. The preservation
of health ought to be the first object
proposed ; then we may consider
cheapness, general usage, durableness,
and good appearance, which this cos-
tume ought not to be without. No
act should be valid, unless the person
who delivered it was clad in national
costume. Every one should appear in
costume at assemblies, feasts, and
churches. There should be different
costumes for work and for children.
Certain classes and certain occupa-
tions should be distinguished by addi-
tions, such as gold, silver, embroidery^
and feathers. For the female sex there
should be ribbands of different colours ;
green for little girls, white and orange
for girls, red for maidens, blue for
t Probably a stotue of Field-Marshal
Schwerin. C.
t Eichstadt Dt imoginihut BomtoMrum,
Jena, 1805.
1840.]
Extracts Jrom Jahn*9 Germany.
139
women, brown and silver formatrons.
No foreigner should bear the national
costume, unless he is naturalised ; nor
ought those persons to bear it who
have lost the right of citizenship, or
who cannot obtain it. A national
costume should be invented after the
perfect figure of the people, according
to their character and national dispo-
sition. This is much more than a
tailor or the framer of a sumptuary
law can perform.
Under Gustavus III. the Swedes
have produced the greatest number of
writings treating of national costume ;
but all these attempts were only a
smuggling 'in of foreign shapes which
did not suit Sweden. Besides the
spirited Moser, already quoted, several
persons in Germany have written on
this subject. The thing cannot be
done too soon, for there is not yet any
work on clothing which embraces the
whole subject and treats it profoundly.
(Here the author refers to a variety of
publications, as "auxiliary means for
such an undertaking.")
We are a poor people, and we ought
not to adorn ourselves with tatters,
like the Moorish king who strutted
about because he had stuck a long
feather on his naked back. This
would be a very good motto for a fine
edition of a German journal on laxury
and fashions : —
" Thi» i» truly beautiful and weU-
designed ; formerlf dre$$ did not make
the man or the mind/*
National Festivals, — ^The free states
of Greece instituted days in comme-
moration of fatal events. The Romans
also established festivals of moaroing
OD the anniversaries of their principal
defeats, such as those of AUia, Cannc,
&c. The Jews still bewail the de-
struction of Jerusalem ; at Mexico the
disastrous night of calamity is not
forgotten ; formerly at Magdeburg the
jubilee of Tilly was called to remem-
brance every year.
National Monumenii, — A grand na-
tional monument is an impregnable.
fortress, to which neither Konigstein,
nor Gibraltar, nor Silberberg, can be
compared. Everything contributes to
its defence ; nature in death, architec-
ture, and military art, — life, fidelity,
and affection, also fight for it.
National Languafe, — Esteem which
is shewn for a national language has
made conquerors and masters ; con*
tempt and ignorance of the mother-
tongue has overiarned thrones and
ruined vast designs. Perhaps HamiU
car owed his victories in Spain to his
knowledge of the language of the
country. The different languages
wh^ch Mithridates was master of were
worth new soldiers and new peoples
to him, when the first had given way.
The great orator, Gustavus III. waa
not skilful in the language of the Fin-
landers ; perhaps this was one of the
causes wnich prevented the fall of
Petersburg.* What evil would not
have resulted for Austria, from the
wish of Joseph II. to extirpate the
Hungarian tongue? The emperor
Charles IV. ordered in his golden
bull, that every elector should under-
stand Bohemian ; that was too much,
it sufficed that every prince should
speak in their mother tongue to hie
subjects. How many insurrections
would have been appeased if the
masters of England had been ac-
quainted with Erse and Welsh.
National Books. — A nation that pos-
sesses a real national literature, la
master of an inexhaustible treasure.
It may revive from the ashes of its
country, when its sacred books have
been preserved. The awe which the
national books impress on the exter-
minators of the people, proves their
importance.
In Homer the Greeks re-discovered
the primordial Hellenic spirit; the
modem Persian goes on a pilgrimage
to the tomb of the Shah Nameh;t
Italy, with the wondrous ruins of a
double human creation, with its toI-
canoes, its ancient snows, its beautice
and its majesty in the midst of aa
endless sprins, shines in Dante, in
Petrarcha, in Ariosto, and Tasso. The
ardent, heroic, and noble soula of the
Cid and of Cervantes, the gi^tic
figures of Calderon, will yet exist in
Uie vallies of the Andes, when Europe
no longer offers them an asylum. The
Lusitanians, and their descendants the
Brazilians, may honour Camoena ••
* TMs is F^enek, it was Polish tkmt
was wamied, said Nspoleon, casting awaj
the speech for the opening of the Polish
Diet. (Note by the French editor.)
t Ferdusi, the author of the Shah
Nameh. C.
140 Presumed Planlagenet MoKuments at Sawbridgeworth. [Feb;
their bard. The Englishman would
revive from Shakespeare alone, even if
London were a prey to its neighbours,
and the Thames choked up. We
Grerroans, what have we to compare
with these grand and national works ?
What deserves to be called national
literature is, ** a collection of works
which make up among themselves a
sort of system in which a nation finds
what is fairest in its existence and its
life, and which so respond to all tastes,
and 80 meet intellectual wants, that
after many generations, and after ages,
persons return to it with new plea-
sure."* This is what constitutes a
national literature.
Achievements of the Germans for
Humanity. — (a.) Amelioration of the
female sex. (b.) Purest idea of Chris-
tianity, (c.) Freedom of opinions
and toleration, (d.) Organisation of
a public law for states. (c.) They
have humanised the last savages of
Europe, (f.) Contests with the mo-
narchies and the monarchs who tended
to universal dominion, viz. —
1. Defeat of the Romans. Her-
mann,f and the liberating battle of
Winfeld, year nine of J. C. 2. Dis-
persion of the Huns, liberating battle
in the Catalaunian fields in 451. 3.
Barriers opposed to the extension of
the religion of Mahomet. Charles
Martel, liberating battle of Tours, 732.
4. Colonisation of the Magyars and
the hordes of Asae, their allies. Henry
and Otho, liberating battles of Merse-
burg and Augsburg, 933, 935, (against
the Hungarians and Sarmatians.) 5.
Combat against the Mongols, battle
nearLiegnitz, 1241 . 6. Struggle against
Papism. 7. The Valois are repulsed
and forced to be quiet ; battle near
Pavia, 1525. 8. The petty prince
Maurice resists the great emperor
Charles V. The attempts of the
Spaniards to arrive at the dominion of
the world are bufHed. 9- Western
Christendom and European civilisation
are saved from Turkish barbarism.
Vienna is twice besieged in vain,
1529, 1685. 10. The Bourbons are
repressed, Hochstadt and Turin, 1704
and 1706.
C YD WELL
* A. W. Schleffeli Europa, ii. cap. 1.
f Arminius in Roman History. C.
Mr. Urban, Dec. 5.
IN the Hertfordshire volume of the
" Beauties of England and Wales,"
written by Mr. E. W. Brayley, and
published in 1806, occurs the follow-
ing passage in a description of the
church of Sawbridgeworth.
*' The monuments are numerous ; and
among them are some very fine ancient
brasses. Among the latter, in a small
chantry, or chapel, connected with the
south aisle, are two full-length figures re-
presented as completely emaciated, and
in winding sheets ; these are extremely
well drawn, and appear^ by the arms, to
be of the family of the Plantayenets,
Here also are full-length brasses of a
knight and his lady, with the same arms ;
and in the same chapel is a tomb, and ca-
rious brasses, of the Leventborps.'*^
Several years after, in 1822, the
same suggestion was still more fully
advanced by Mr. Moule, in his Bib-
liotheca Heraldica. That gentleman,
when noticing Sandford's Genealogi-
cal History of the Kings of England, at
p. 270 of his Catalogue, took occasion
to make the following remarks :
"It may not be considered foreign to
the subject to describe a very finely ex-
ecuted monumental slab, near the east
end of the south aile of the church at
Sawbridgeworth in Hertfordshire, sup-
posed to commemorate a branch qf the
Plantagenet family f but which, it is very
singular, has not been noticed by Sand-
ford, Stebbing, Chauncy, or Salmon. It
is inlaid with brass, representing the
figures of a knight and a lady, the luiigbt
in plate armour, his feet resting on a grey-
hound : at the upper comer of the marble
over his head, is the arms of Old France
and England, quarterly. The lady, whose
head is covered by a coif, and her neck
bare, is clad in a loose robe and mantle ;
at her feet is a little dog, and on the up-
per part of the slab over her head is aie
arms of England, with a label of France
as borne by the Ancient Earls of Lancas-
ter. The date of the monument maybe
assigned to the latter end of the 14th or
to the beginning of the 15th centurr* by
the mode of bearing the arms, and the
costume of the figures.*'
A third time, in Neale's Cbarches,
printed in 1824, the same story is re-
peated in nearly the same words as
have been last quoted.
• — — -^
X Beauties of England and Wales, rol.
vii. p. 217.
\
1840] Presumed Planiagenet Monuments at Sawbridgettorth, 141
The conjecture advanced is so bold
a flight, in a genealogical view, that
it will be allowed to be high time to
check it, if founded on a miaapprehen-
sion ; and, although the county histo-
rian, Mr. Clutterbuck, has not joined
in its support, he may be censured for
liaving, on the other hand, passed
over these certainly remarkable me-
morials, without any special notice.
The means of illustrating the circum-
stance wc.e completely within his
roach ; but it was n^ t his general
custom to enter into similar minutise.
The books in which the monuments in
question have been described, are, be-
sides those already cited, Weever's Fu-
nerall Monuments, p. 549 ; Chauncy's
Hertfordshire, p 178 ; Cough's Se-
pulchral Monuments, vol. ii. p. 104 ;
C'luttcrbuck's Hertfordshire, vol. iii.
p. 217.
Weever gives the inscriptions only,
without the arms ; and Chauncy has
rnirely copied Weever. Mr. Gough,
after quoting Weever, has added a
description of the arms; rightly con-
jecturing the inscriptions (given in
Weever, but now lost) might have
belonged to the same tombs ; but his
description is not quite correct. Lastly,
Mr. Clutterbuck has described the
stones in their present state, and the
arms, but without adding the epitaphs,
which he allows to slumber in the
pages of his predecessor.
A MS. in the Harleian collection.
No. 41)44, removes any doubt of the
original position of the brass plates,
and supplies additional particulars of
the arms. The earliest memorial of
the two, that of the figure in armour
(not a knight) and his lady, was for-
merly designated by the following
epitaph :
C-.>ic iaccnt 7o&'r#1letientborp Xrml'
grrqui obiicrrtiii*.iSlaii il*' .flftccccnncii j
ct H.itcrrtna tiror riuj^ que obiit ti 4^tt
tobri^ .flft.ccccrnn quorum animab'
propicirtur Deu^. iXmcn*
At the foot of the slab were two shields
now lost ; one bore the arms of Leven-
thorp, viz. Argent, a bend gobonated.
Gules and Sable, between two cotises
of the second ; the other Argent, a fesse
between 3 fleurs-de-lis, for Twychet.
At the head of the slab still remain the
two royal coats, 1. France and Eng-
land, quarterly; 2. England with a
label of France.
By the side of this stone is another
inlaid with two figures in winding
sheets : the inscription to this is also
lost, but is here supplied from the
MS. before referred to.
It?ic latent ^ob'c^Hetientborp armf^
0er qui obift ultimo bie .HUtaij %!*
.itlftcccc.lrncfiii et Slobauna Uror tvai
que obift n\T^ aCugusti Mtztt.\^v^\\\
quorum animabuj^ propirietur beujr.
Xmen.
At the head of the stone on the left
side is a shield bearing OM France*
and England quarterly, with a label of
three points Azure : the shield on the
rightside, if yet remaining, is concealed
by a pew ; it appears from the MS.
to be the same as the other, bat with-
out the label. At foot are two shields,
1 . Leventhorp, with a crescent for dif-
ference, quartering Argent, a cheTron
in chief a label of 3 points
.... and a mullet for difference^
2. Leventhorp quartering Twychet.
it should be remarked that Weever's
version of the last inscription gives
the date of the lady's death 1448, in-
stead of 1488. The prior date accords
much more nearly with the style of
execution, which is very superior to
the usual style of the time of Henry
Vll. to which the latter date would
assign it. The figures are drawn ema-
ciated as in death ; the eyes are closed,
and the bodies wrapped each in a
shroud, the folds of which are beauti-
fully disposed; and in their hands they
hold a heart, by which was typified the
devotion of the soul to God.
And now for an explanation of the
imaginary mystery of the appearance
of the royal arms. This is at once re-
moved, when we find that John Leven-
thorp was a highly trusted servant of
the house of Lancaster.f He appears
in its employ in the very first year of
* That is, Sem^e of fleurs-de-lis. Mr. Moule states this to be the bearing on the
other stone ; but that is not the esse. The fleurs-de-lis are usually reduced to three
in and after the reign of Henry V. when the arms of Prance are so exhibit^ on
the Great Seal for the first time.
fit was customary to place the royal arms on the tombs of persons who had borne
143
Levehthorp Fumih/.-^The Epitaph ai iMMmham, [Feb.
Henry the Fourth ;* and he was after-
wards one of the executors named in
the will of Henry the Fifth. The ma-
nor of Shingey itself, which connected
him with the parish of Saw bridge-
worth, was a parcel of the Duchy of
Lancaster ; and Chauncy says, that he
came to settle there, from Leventhorp
in the West Riding of Yorkshire,
•bout the 1 5th Rich. II. He was one
of the knights in Parliament for the
county of Hertford in 1 and 3 Hen. V.
and 1 Hen. VI. His wife was Katha-
rine dau. and heiress of Twychet.
His son John Leventhorp, esq.
represented in the second brass,
received from Henry VI. a grant for a
market at Sawbridgewortb, and a li-
cence to inclose 520 acres for a park.
He married Joao Barrington, and they
were the progenitors of a family which
continued at Shingey hall until the
reign of Charles the Second. Sir
John Leventhorp was created a Ba-
ronet t in 1622, and the heiress of
the race was married to John Coke,
esq. of Melbourne, co. Derby.
My attention was first drawn to the
errors on this subject, in an authentic
account of these monuments derived
from personal inspection, (with a re-
ference to the Harleian MS. which
has placed their identity beyond dis-
pute,) transmitted to me by Mr. L. A.
B.Waller, who is forming a collection
of sepulchral brasses, and has recently
exhibited to the Society of Antiqua-
ries various reduced drawings of these
relics of ancient art, which excited
universal admiration for their fidelity
and beautv.
Yours, &c. J. G. N.
Mr. Urban, B — h — II, Sept,
IN reading the lines in the churchyard at Lavenham, in Suffolk, in your
September Magazine, p. 240, signed D. A. Y.
** Quod fuit esse quod est quod non fiiit esse quod esse,
Esse quod est non esse quod est noo est erit esse/'
which the writer says has puzzled many good Latin scholars, it appears to
me that it should thus be decyphered : — *' That which has been, is the same
as that which is : that which has not been, is the same as that which has
been. To be, is the same as not to be ; — that which is, is not, it will be,
to be."
The whole is a quaint enigma on the old moral reflection of the fleeting
nature of time; and is well illustrated by the passages quoted from Ecclesi-
astes by the writer. The object of the lines is to prove that nothing really
exists in time ; and the reasoning is as follows :
That which has been, is the same as that which is ;
That which has not been, is the same as that which has been;
{Therefore), That which has not been, is the same as that which is.
Or, in other words, there is no real absolute temporal existence ; the pre-
sent, past, ernd future being one and the same. Yours, &c. J. M.
office under the Crown. Three examples of the time of Richard II. have been enu-
merated in Gent. Mag. for last Sept. p. 235. The three lions of England occur with
the brass of Sir John Cassey, Chief Baron of the Exchequer, ob. 1400, in Deerhurst
church, Gloucestershire ; of which there is an engraving by Mr. Lysons. On the
brass at Balsham, Cambridgeshire, of John Sleford, Canon of Wells and Ripon, and
Rector of Balsham, who was Keeper of the Wardrobe to Edward III. ob. 1401, are
shields of Old France and England quarterly, and of the same impaling Hainault, for
Queen Pbilippa ; as, on the slab of Sir Simon Felbrigge, K.G. are shields of King
Richard II. and of Queen Anne (see Cotman's Norfolk Brasses).
* *' De duabus Litteris Patentibus, de Sigillo Ducatus Lancastrise, factis Johanni
Leventhorp, irrotulatis. Michaelis Recorda 1 Hen. IV. rot. 15.*' Jones's Index to
the Exchequer Records, Memoranda.
t He married Joan, eldest daughter of Sir John Brograve of Hamds, co. Hertford,
Knt. Attorney-general in the Duchy of Lancaster, and it is remarkable that his very
magnificent monument in Sawbridgewortb church exhibits another coat of the royal
lions of England, the arms of Brograve being Argent, three lions passant guardant
Gales, granted probably in allusion to Sir John Brograve's official situation, which ha
held for the long period of thirty-three years. Epitaj^ at Braughing. Clutterbuck's
Herts, iu. 158.
1840 ]
On Keeping Faith with Heretics.
145
Mi:. UttBAN,
TIIK dogma of the Decretals, on
which the tenet of not keeping Faith
with FiT'retics appears to be founded,
(see our No. for Nov. p. 484,) receives
a melancholy illustration from two
historical passages, which are now
submitted for insertion. The first is
the direct avowal of an eminent
Romanist ; the other is the expressed
conviction of a body of Princes, who
were often brought into transactions
with Romanists.
1. Dr. Cooke, in his History of the
Reformation in Scotland, has the fol *
lowing passage :
•M')59. When the regent (Mary of Guise)
was about to return to Stirling, she placed
in the town of Perth a garrison in the pay
of France, although not actually composed
of Frenchmen ; and when some of the
most prudent and moderate of her coun-
sellors remonstrated against such a breach
of her engagements, she did not hesitate
to reply, that the was not bound to keep
faith with heretic* ; and that, at all evenU,
when she complied with the letter of the
treaty, in not leaving natives of France,
she had prevented any just ground of dis-
satisfaction and reproach.* (Vol. ii. p.
111.)
If the regent had rested her apology
on the latter assertion, it would have
been open to doubt, whether she had
positively violated her engagements or
not ? Hut the former one is fatal to
her credit, and casts a stigma on the
system to which she had adhered.
For can we imagine that this odious
principle was merely invented by her-
self for the occasion ? Must we not
sup{>ose, that it was put into her mind
by her ecclesiastical advisers, to whom
her conscience was responsible, con-
sistently with the Romish practice of
confession ? The authorities referred
to are Knox, b. ii. ; Buchanan, ^ib.
xvi. ; and Burnet,* vol. ii. p. 410.
2. Bishop Burnet, in his History of
his Own Time, gives the substance of
a speech he had intended to make, on
the peace of Utrecht, in 1713, in
which he observes, that " treaties are
of the nature of oaths," and goes at
some length into the subject of their
violation by Papal absolution. Ht
adds as follows :
History of the Reformation.
'* The Ute king (WillUm HI.) told me,
that he understood from the German Pro-
testant Princes, that they believed the
confessors of Popish Princes had faculties
from Rome for doing this, as effectually,
but more secretly : he added, that they
knew it went for a maxim among popish
princes, that their word and faith'f bound
them as they were men and members of
society ; but that their oaths, being acts
of religion, were subject to the direction
of their confessors ; and that they, appre»
hending thu, did, in all their treaties
with the princes of that religion, depend
upon their honour, but nevtr asked the
confirmation qfan oath^ which had been
the practice of former ages. The protes-
tants of France thought they had
gained an additional security, for observ-
ing the edict of Nantes, when the swear-
ing to observe it was made a part of the
coronation oath ; but it is probable thU
very thing undermined and ruined it."
(Vol. vi. p. 158, ed. 1833, VoL ii. p.
625, original edition.)
Such a persuasion, and so general,
could not have been prevailed among
the Protestant Princes of Germany, if
there had not been strong grounds for
it. I offer no further observations
upon the subject, as the extract
speaks clearly and strongly enough by
itself.
Yours, &c. Anselm.
Mr. Urban, Cork, Nov. 18.
MR. HALLAM'S lNTR0Dt7CTI0N
TO THE LiTBKARY HiSTORY OF THE
Fifteenth, Sixtbentb, and Seven-
teenth Centuries, is now con-
cluded, and enriches our literature
with a work to which it possessed
nothing parallel. We may in truth,
confidently extend this claim of supe-
riority to whatever Europe can boast
of in similar compositions ; for Andr^,
Eichorne, or Sismondi, the only wri-
ters, I believe, who have embraced an
equal latitude of critical illustration,
can sustain no competition with our
accomplished countryman.
It was a bold enterprise ; but its ex-
ecution proves that the conscious
powers which prompted it were not
overrated. Not only do the great lead-
ders of the human mind, those who
impress their character on the passing
age, and walk in front of mental ad-
t Faithfulness or fidelity appears to be
meant here, and not creed.
144
Hallam's Literary History,
[Feb.
vance, here meet commensurate no-
tice, but scarcely has a writer worthy
of emerging from th6 crowd, or en-
titled to commemoration in any de-
partment of science or of letters, been
overlooked in this encydopedian sur-
vey of intellectual process ; and few
are those of whom Mr. Hallam's esti-
mate is not formed on perfect acquaint-
ance with their works. The range of
study exhibited in this elaborate pro-
duction is truly astonishing ; and not
less so the happy combination of en-
larged views, depth of research, and
accuracy of detail.
Among the various articles, under
which pass in array those mighty
names that have burst the cerements
of mortality, or dispelled the darken-
ing shades of time, and, still lustrous
in undiminished fame, continue to
shed on each succeeding generation
the light of philosophy, the charm of
verse, or the instruction of history, I
would direct the reader's attention to
those which pourtray Machiavelli,
Ariosto, Galileo, Camoens, Cervantes,
Kepler, Leibnitz, Montaigne, Cor-
neille, Descartes, Shakespeare, Bacon,
and Hobbes. These are delineated
with admirable discrimination, and
may be contemplated as the distin-
guishing types and best representa-
tives, in each era, of the great divi-
sional classification of the human fa-
culties, reason, imagination, and me-
mory.
The formal criticism of a work so
large of frame and comprehensive of
matter, — itself an all-embracing re-
view, would demand attainments little
inferior to those of the author, were
his views oAen to be combated, or his
statements to be controverted. But
this necessity so seldom occurs, that
the more easy, as well as gratifying,
task of the reviewer, would be to se-
lect and extract ;• though, even then,
he will find, as Goldsmith says he did
in abridging Hume, that he scarce cut
ofif a line that did not contain a
beauty. And when Voltaire, who had
commented Corneille, was solicited to
extend his critical labours to Racine,
he replied, that, to every page he
should only have to subscribe the ex-
pression of his admiraticn. Yet, that
this great poet was open to frequent
animadversion, is manifest from his
various editors, Luneau de Boisger-
main. La Harpe, Geoffroi, &c. ; and
that inadvertencies will escape the
minutest diligence of a writer, which
may arrest the casual reader, is appa-
rent from the correction of some over-
sights in the first volume of Mr. Hal-
lam, indicated to him by a correspon-
dent. I may, therefoie, hope that the
few remarks which a current perusal
of the subsequent volumes has sug-
gested, will not be viewed with less
indulgence ; for, assuredly, they can-
not impair the high character of the
book.
At page 63 of the second volume,
Mr. Hallam observes, that it is ques-
tionable whether any printing press
existed in Ireland before 1600; but
we have the distinct assertion of Sir
James Ware, (Annals, page 124, ed.
1705,) that the English Liturgy was
printed in Dublin, by Humphry
Powell, in 1551, by the command of
the Lord Lieutenant Sentleger, and
the Council. Powell, as may beseenin
Dr. Dibdin's Typographical Antiqui-
ties, (vol. iv. 311,) had exercised his
profession in 1548 and 1549 at Hoi-
born-Conduit, in London, whence he
removed to Dublin : and, in the his-
tory of this latter capital by White-
law and Walsh, (vol. i. p. 195,) it is
stated more particularly, " that on
Easter Sunday of the year 1550, the
Liturgy in the English tongue was first
read in Christ-church, in pursuance of
an order from the King (Edward VI.)
for that purpose; and the following
year was printed by Humphry Powell,
who had a license for so doing to the
exclusion of all others." " It is proba-
ble," these compilers add, that '* this
is the first book printed in Ireland."
In a subjoined note, it is, moreover,
affirmed, that the Bible was also
pripted the same year ; for which re-
ftrence is pointed to Ware's Annals ;
but that antiquary is silent as to the
Bible, (unless it be in the edition of his
works by Harris, 1764. which I have
not an opportunity of consulting,)
though positive in regard of the Li-
turgy ; and the Dublin Annalists have,
therefore, transgressed their quoted
authority. Indeed, 1 am convinced
that no Bible of so early a date issued
* I do not know a better model to propose for such a review, than that by the late
M. Abel Rt*musat, of Cuvier's admirable " Discourt tur les Involutions de la Surface
du Globe t^* in the Journal des SavanSf for May and June 18i^6.
4
\
1840.] Hallam's Literary History. -^The Early Irish Press. 1 45
from the Irish press ; for I do not re-
collect any trace of it in our bibliogra-
phical records. It exists not, as I
have ascertained by inquiry, in the
royal collection of Wirtenberg, nor in
the library of the Duke of Sussex ; and
the former, it is well known, is the
largest respository of the sacred code
in existence. (See fiibliotheca Wiir-
tenburgensium Ducis,) (grandfather
of the reigning monarch,) olim Lork-
iana, auctore I. G. Aldero, Hamb.
17^7, 4to. and Allgemeines Bibliogra-
phisches Lexicon, Leipsic 1821 — 1830;
as also Dr. Dibdin's Tour, iii. 21. Of
the impression of the English Liturgy,
there can, however, be no reasonable
doubt, authenticated as it is by Sir James
Ware. I know not whether the li-
brary of our University preserves a
copy of it ; for the treasures of that es-
tablishment, like the cryptic recepta-
cles of the East, described by the late
accomplished Colonel Tod,* remain al-
most entombed, certainly unrevealed,
though supposed to be most precious—
" Eg ipso prxfulgebant, quia-non vi-
sebantur. " (Tacit. Annal. iii. 76.)
As for the alleged Bible of 1551, if
we could discover any vestige of it, to
support the statement of the Dublin
Annalists, its extinction might, natu-
rally enough, be imputed to the into-
lerant spirit of the succeeding reign ;
for, similarly, no complete copy ap-
pears to exist of the first English
liible printed, it is supposed, at Zurich,
in 1535, so successful had been Henry
VI H. in suppressing it ; and Mary,
on the death of Edward, may be pre-
sumed not more indulgent in regard of
the first Irish edition. Copies, how.
ever, of other editions printed in Lon-
don, previous to her reign, are not so
rare as to indicate any strenuous ef-
forts on her part for their destruction;
and, however sanguinary her rule was
in England, it is an incontestible fact,
that the persecution in blood did not
extend to Ireland. On the contrary.
Sir James Ware, whose assertion is
unquestioned, states, anno 1554, page
135, that " several of the Protestants
of England fled over to Ireland by
reason of Queen Mary having begun
to prosecute (sic) them for their reli-
gion, viz. John Hervey, Abel Ellis,
John Edmonds, and Henry Hugh«
who, bringing over their goods and
chattels., lived in Dublin, and became
citizens of this city," &c. Mosheim^
(vol. iv. p. ]37«) on narrating the in-
troduction of the Reformation into
Ireland, says, that "Mary pursued
with fire and sword the promoters of
a pure and rational religion ;" but his
translator. Dr. Maclean, is here
obliged to interpose, and to acknow-
ledge " that, however cruel Mary's
designs may have been, they were not
carried into execution." This he ac-
counts for by the stor}', of long poste«
rior fabrication, according to which
the commission of blood entrusted to
Dr. Cole was purloined from his cloak-
bag by his hostess at Chester, and
a pack of cards substituted, but
which now, likr the birth of the Pre-
tender, and other pious frauds im-
posed on popular credulity at all times
and by all parties, is held as wholly
unworthy of belief.
** QuA re, religio pedibus snbjecta-— -
Obteritur." Lucrxt. i. 79.
See Leland's Ireland, ii. p. 213, for
this absurd invention ; and I may add,
that Mr. Eraser Ty tier's late history
of Edward and Mary throws rather a
new light on these sovereigns and
their counsellors ; nor is a contempo-
raneous narrative (also valuable for
its rarity) without interest — " His-
toria delle cose occorse nel regno d'
Inghilterra . . . dopo la morte de Odo-
ardo VI." (Nell' AcademiaVenetiana^
1558.) My copy of this volume, an
Aldine production, (see Renouard,
Annales des Aides,) had the additional
advantage of being '* E Bibliothecft
Jacobi Aug. Thuani."
In a letter from Archbishop Usher
to Camden, dated in June 1618, will
be found some curious particulars of
the early Irish press, — a subject little
investigated, though entitled to re-
search. It is certain, however, that
its first Latin fruit was Usher's quarto
volume, •' Gotteschalchi, et Prajdes-
tinariae Controversis ab eo mote,
Historia," printed in Dublid in 1632.
This book, which is dedicated to John
Gerard Vossius, whom the illustrious
primate wished to bring over to Ire-
* See History of Rajpootana, by Colonel Tod, a recent publication of great
interest.
G£XT. Mao. Vol. XIII. tt
146 Hallams Literary History. -^The Council of Trent. [Feb.
land, though with less success than
attended Charles the Second's in vita-
tion to his son Isaac, was, indeed,
rather late in this field of literature, to
which the convulsed state of the island
was so little favourable. But we
know that, in the great Russian em-
pire, no Latin classic issued from the
press before 1762, when an edition of
Cornelius Nepos was printed at Mos-
cow, as we learn from Dr. Harwood
(Classics, 1 790) ; but even England
has little cause of pride in that respect,
for in the University of Oxford, so
late as 1603, on the accession of
James to the throne, no Hebrew types
were to be found, (Biblioth. Sussex, i.
79,) when the Hebrew professor
wished to commemorate that event.
According to Ames and Herbert,
the city of Waterford lays claim to
some early essays of the great art ;
but the first mention discoverable of
it in Smith's history of that city is
under the date of 1646, when Thomas
Bourke printed " a scandalous re-
monstrance of the Confederate Pa-
pists, with his Majesty's (Charles I.)
arms aflixed thereon." The topogra-
pher does not seem aware that this
presumptuous act, as he viewed it,
was the authorised result of his Ma-
jesty's secret commission to Lord
Glamorgan, which has been the source
of so much controversy, from the days
of Clarendon and Birch to those of
Brodie, Lingard, Heywood, and Rose.
Dr. Lingard's note B. to volume X. of
his History, offers, 1 conceive, a most
impartial review of this question, — one
so influential in its decision on the
character of the unhappy monarch.
The absence in Dr. Lingard's work
of a continuous or heading chronology,
I may here take occasion to remark,
causes no considerable inconvenience
to the reader. I can also, I think,
trace to this defect an error in M. de
Beaumont's recent publication, '* L'lr-
lande, Sociale, Politique et Religi-
euse," where, (tome ii. S'^™' partie,
p. 181, 189,) in proof of the delay of
intercoursie in former days, compared
with its present facilities, he quotes
he reverend historian's statement of
the confirmation of the marriage of
Henry VIII. with Anne Boleyn, by the
Irish Parliament, one day, and its an-
nulment the next, on the arrival of a
tardy courier, referring to Lingard, ▼ol.
vi. chap. v. and adding the date 1525.
The anachronism struck me, as I
knew that the event occurred in
1536, not 1525 ; but, on inspection of
the original, I saw that it proceeded
from the close position of two dates
in the margin, which appeared to em-
brace the same subject, though quite
different in their purpose ; and M. de
Beaumont took that of 1525 for tiie
other, which immediately followed, of
1536. Had there been a heading
datation, this could hardly have hap-
pened ; for to that his eye would have
been more safely and natqrally di-
rected. I know not whether the
translator saw the error.
The lines of Lopez de Vega on the
marriage of Henry and Anne, will
show how that occurrence was con-
templated by that most prolific of dra-
matists, but who had then renounced
the stage and taken orders, which,
however, did not render him less
caustic —
** Mas que desta losa fria
Cubuu Erinque tu valor
De una muger el amor
Y dc un error la porfia.
Como cupu en tu grandeza,
Querer Enganado Ingles
De una muger i los pies,
Ser de la Iglesia Cabe9a.
stanzas not dissimilar in import from
the well-known and pointed line of
our own poet —
*' The Gospel light that shone in Bo-
leyn's eyes.'*
One of the most important works of
the sixteenth century was, doubtless,
the convocation of the Council of
Trent ; and Mr. Hallam, accordingly,
dwells with suitable detail on its acts
and consequences. With a knowledge,
also, and impartiality, far superior to
most of our English writers, he is in
general careful to separate the obli-
gatory canons of doctrine from the lo-
cal regulations of discipline. I cannot,
however, include in that praise the
following paragraph, which would
seem to imply a defeasance of Catholic
assent to the decisions of that assem-
bly, even in articles of faith, which, it
would be inferred, were rather pas-
sively acquiesced in than declaredly
recognised, more especially in France.
His words (voU ii. p. 99#) are —
\
1 840.] Hallam*8 Literary History. -^The Council of Trent. 1 47
'* There is some difficulty in proving
for the Council of Trent, that univer-
sality to which its adherents attach infal-
lible authority. And this was not held
to be a matter of course by the great Eu-
ropean powers. Even in France the Tri-
dentine decrees have not been formally
received, though the Galilean church has
never called any of them in question. The
Emperor Ferdinand hesitated about ac-
knowledging the decrees of a council,
which had at least failed in the object,
for which it was professedly summoned,
the conciliation of all parties to the
church. For we find that even after its
close he referred the chief points in con-
troversy to George Cassauder, a German
theologian of very moderate sentiments
and temper.'*
Here our author obviously confounds
the civil and spiritual jurisdictioas; for
the exceptions to the recognition of the
Council adverted to by hira, exclusively
referred to points of discipline which
were supposed to encroach on the
royal prerogative or local immunities,
and never, as I shall have little diffi-
culty in evincing, to rules of faith,
over which the civil power could ex-
ercise no controul. In France and
Hungary, it is true, that no royal
edict, as in Spain, and most other
Catholic territories, enjoined the re-
ception of the Council ; but the eccle-
siastical body universally and expli-
citly, there as elsewhere, on every
competent occasion, recorded their
unreserved submission to the decision
of the Council in matters of faith.
N^ver, in a single instance, have the
assembled clergy in any part of the
Catholic world demurred to these au-
thoritative decrees, a departure or
dissent from which would necessarily
involve a lapse into schism, and a
severance of the Catholic unity. They
would, in a word, cease to be Ca-
tholics. But, however desirable, or
solicited, for political effect and os-
tensible uniformity by the Popes,
the professed acceptance and formal
promulgation of the articles of faith
by the civil authorities was, of
course, wholly unnecessary ; while in
England, where the church was na-
tional and circumscribed within its
insular bounds, the creed was appro-
priately regulated by local and legis-
lative enactments, without that indis-
pensable association of faith implied
in the claim of catholicity :
-*' Cujo alto imperio
O sol logo em nascendo vd primeiro ;
Ve-o tambem no meio do hemispherio ;
£ quando desce o deixa derradeiro."
Os Lusiadas de Camoes — Cauto I. viii.
The exclusive jurisdiction of the
rhurrh to define the tenets of faith
has been invariably acknowledged by
Catholic sovereigns, and by none more
unequivocally or frequently than by
those of France, — the eldest sons of
the Church, — whose opposition has
ever been confined to certain articles
of discipline in the Tridentine regu-
lations, at variance with the privileges
secured to them by the Concordat of
1517, between Leo X. and Francis the
First, or with other long- exercised
rights, which these regulations made,
in their conception, more directly sub-
missive to papal power. Thus, in
March 1563, when the Council was
drawing to its close, the Queen Re-
gent. Catharine of Medicis, and Coun-
cil of State, having taken into consi-
deration the proceedings of the (*ouncil
of Trent, declaicd — " que quant a la
ductriae, ilt n'y vouloicnt touchcfi et
tenoicnt toutes choses quant k c6
point pour saines et bonnes, puis-
qu'elles etoient determinees en Concile
General et legitime — quant aux decrets
dc la police et reformation, y avoient
trouvc plusicurs choses derogeantes
aux droits et pri^rogatives du Roy, et
privil(<ge8 de I'Eglisc Gallicanc, qui
cmp^choient qu'elles ne fussent revues
ni cxi^cutdes." (Henault, anno 1563,
in citing a contemporaneous docu-
ment, which I, too, possess, among
other rather curious ones of that pe-
riod.)
In the •' Expostulatio Oratorum
Regis Christian issimi ad J^gatos et
Patres Concilii Tridcntini facta xxii.
Scptembris Ann. 1563," it is said,
•' Rcges cnim Christianissimi semper in
tide et obncquio S. Romans Ecclcsiic et
maximorum Pontificum pcrmanscrunt
Itaque (mandatum nobis est,)
« vobis, P. 8. pctere, ut nihil contr*
1 48 Hallanis Literary History.-^ The Council of Treri. [Feb.
stiam (regiam) auctoritatem Galli-
canaeque Ecclesise libertatem decer-
natis." And, in the " Lettre du Roy,
escrite aux Ambassadeurs k Trente sur
I'opposition qu'ils avoient form^e an
Ck)ncile," dated the ninth of November
1563, only a few days before the dis-
solation of the Assembly, not the re-
motest objection to the dogmas of,'faith
transpires; and the protest solely
claims the preservation of the royal
droicts, usages, priviUges, et cetix de
VEgUse Gallicane,
In 1579* the Ordonnances de BloU
drew a similar line of demarcation
between the imperative dogmas of
belief and the flexible points of disci-
pline, in the reception of the Council ;
and when Gregory the Thirteenth urged
on Henry the Third its formal promul-
gation, the answer was, that it was
quite snperorogatory : " qu'il ne falloit
point de publication pour ce qui ^toit de
foy, car cMtoit chose gardde dans son
royaume." He made a similar reply
to the pressing instances of the convo-
cation of ^ the clergy, held the same
year at Melun, " inasmuch as the
Council of Trent had only affirmed
the long-established doctrine of the
church." So even Per^ le Courayer,
the translator of Sarpi's History of the
Council of Trent, and inheritor of his
spirit, is obliged to acknowledge in his
" Discours sur la reception du Councile
de Trente," § 11 — appended to the se-
cond edition of his translation (Amst.
1758,) although he complacently dwells
on Henry's Edit de pacification, in
which, with a view to conciliate the
Huguenots, a desire is expressed for a
new, legitimate, and free council, to
unite all his subjects to the Catholic
church. See, also, the adverse argu-
ments of Mosheim and his translator.
Hist. Cent. XVI. Sect. in.
It would be quite easy to pursue
this deduction of proof, and shew, that
the objection in France to the man-
datory reception of the Council solely
applied to the article of discipline,
leaving those of faith in plenitude of
authority, and in no wise impairing
the fact of universal submission ob-
tained for them in the church. The
same distinction may, I think, be au-
thorizedly extended to the doctrinal or
moral, and the historical and physical
enunciations^ of the Bible itself, — the
one, of imperative belief and iiidisfien-
sable observance ; the other, of Idrger
interpretation and permissive inqany.
The ante and post-diluvian ehronologr^
so dissentient in the Hebrew aiid toe
Septuagint — the weeks of Daniel, or
the Apocalyptic number (those niya-
teries of computation which have defied
at once and humiliated the genius of
Newton), and the Deluge in physical
operation, have ever been subj^ts of
independent discussion ; but it is only
within the circle of our own times,
that any attempt could be safely made
to reconcile the discoveries of science
with the literal text of Scripture in the
opening chapter of Genesis. The al-
leged sufferings, indeed, of Galileo
have, by recent elucidation, been re-
duced to the measure of truth, which
assuredly did not exceed what an
Oxford professor, at that period, would
have encountered, had he, like Dr.
Buckland, ventured to extend the week
assigned for the creation to an inter-
minable space, so as to meet the most
comprehensive geological hypothesis.
Nor would the great discoverer be now
more exposed to persecution, I confi-
dently assert, in his native Florence,
than our learned countryman has been
in England, for seeking in the sacred
volume, not schemes of physics, or
systems of astronomy, but the mani-
festation of the Divine Will in the
records of his chosen people, — the
prophecies that announced, and the
blessings that signalized, the advent
of the Son of Man, who came to save
what was lost (St. Luke, xix. 10.), the
examples of his life, the redemption of
his death, and the precepts of his in-
struction. But Dr. Buckland's expo-
sition of his sentiments will be best
viewed in his luminous publication—
" Geology and Mineralogy considered
with reference to Natural Theology"
(Vol. i. ch. 2.)
The French lawyers demurred to
twenty-three points of the Tridentine
discipline, which are discussed by De
Thou, (Tbuani Hist. lib. 105,) and
the two Pasquiers (Stephen and Ni-
cholas) were most marked in their op-
position— " Ceux qui poursuivent la
verification dcceConcile," said the son,
" ne sont pas vrais Frau9oi8 mais bas-
tards ou aubains." Le Maistre, Da
\
1840.] Hallmns Liierary HUtory^Epitciphs.^lrith Cardinals. 149
Vair, Passerat/ and others, though Royales, kc. de SuUi, 1662, folio.)
less vehement, were equally decided in But the parliaments, always jealous of
hostility to the measure. the papal authority, threw obstacles in
On repeated occasions, however, the way of a formal reception, while,
Henry IV. expressed his intention to in common with the universal body of
promulgate the Council, with the ne- Catholics, they unreservedly acknow*
cessary salvos for his royal prerogatives, ledged the articles of faith, " La loi da
(as in Spain and the Low Countries,) Concile de Trente a ^te re9ue par
to which he was constantly urged by I'Eglise Gallicane," says M. BoucluutI,
the Cardinal D'Ossat, his ambassador (Docteur agr^g^ a la Faculty deDroict,)
at Rome, whence this Cardinal (Lettres, " mais elle a rejett^ tous les points de
tom. ii. p. 332) writes, that even Mere discipline qui ne s'accordent, ni avec
the discipline of the Council " ne se Tancienne, ni avec nos mceurs." And,
pratique pas en tout/' so little impera- in " L'Art de verifier les Dates," (tom.
tive was it ;t but the troubles of his iii. 8vo.) it is said, " Tous les Francais
reign prevented the execution of this croyentdec(Bur,etappuyentdebouche,
intention. " Actum tunc," (Nov. toutes les Veritas que ce Concile en-
1 599,) says de Thou, " de Concilii Tri- seigne, et condamnent de m^me toutes
dentini promulgatione .... sed in qui- les erreurs qu'il condamne, sans y ^tre
ctiora temporarcservata." (Lib. 123.) obliges par aucune loi ext^rieure ema-
Indeed, Henry's coronation-oath ex- needuroi." See, likewise, Pallavicini
plicitiy declared his submission to the (Istoria del Concilio di Trento, lib.
Councils: "J'approuve sans aucun xxiv. cap. 10. Roma, 1664).
doute, et fais profession de tout ce qui I could corroborate this series of
a ki6 decis, d^termin^ et d^clar^ par evidence, " that the Galilean Church
les saints Conciles," &c. (Economies formed no exception to the universal
* This learned man, the successor of Ramus, and mentioned by Mr. Hallam among
the Latin poets, (vol. ii. 338,) concluded an epitaph, which he composed for himself
with the apposite deprecation, —
'* Mea molliter ossa quiescant,
Sint modo carminibus non onerata malis.*'
The epitaph ordered by the Count Tessin, of Sweden, for himself, was, at lesitf
short enough, " Tandem felix ;*' nor was that of the famous Cardinal Portacsjrrero, who
died at Toledo in 1709, much longer, though, perhaps, hardly befitting a Christian
prelate : " Hie jacet cinis, puWis et nihil." (St. Simon, vii. 401.) That of the licen-
tiatc Garcias, " A qui est^ encerrada el alma del licenciado Pedro Garcias,** would
apply to more books than Le Sage's ; and the inscription by Louis XVIII. on the tomb
of James II. in the church of St. Germain en Laye, where the English monarch found
refuge in the generous feelings ofLouisXIV. is very appropriate: " Regio cineri, pietas
regia.*' Bat i>erhap8 a better, when authorised by circiunstances, could not be cnoten
than that furnished by ifischylas, (Pers«, (>49,)
'H <f)iXos uyffp 5 fpiXos S)^3ns'
^ika yap KtKtvBtv tjOrj,
t I may remark that even here, in Catholic Ireland, so little mandatory are the
rules of discipline, some variance existed in regard to clandestine marriages between
the several dioceses, until assimilated and made uniform by a bull, which only took
effect so late as the Ist of January 1838. It has been noticed that, notwithstanding
the devotion of this country to the Holy See, no native Irishman has been honoureS
with the purple. Some early names have been mentioned, but no certainty of the fact
can be established. Cardinal Norris, though of Irish extraction, probably remote, was
lK)rn at Verona ; but I have read that Cardinal CienAiegos, who died in 1739, was an
Iri^shnian by birth, who, sent very young to Spain, there translated his patronymioy
Keating^ into the corresponding Spanish appellative. Certain it is, that both have
exactlv the same meaning — a hunared firu^ (in Irish, Cead-teinid, pronounced very
like Keating.) Saint Simon calls this .cardinal '* un homme d'esprit et d'intrigue, "
(tom. XVIII. ^6,) but he was opposed to the Bourbon succession, and openly
espoused the Austrian interest in Spain. His Irish descent is verv problematical, for
Spanish biography represents him as bom in the diocese of Oviedo ; but the conso-
nant sense of the names in both languages is undoubted. It is right to add, that it re*
quires a larger fortune to support the dignity of a cardinal— t piincc of the church
--Umui liifh cccMuticf cu pc fvppoicd to posiesi.
1 50 Hdlarns Literary History, ^The Qnmcil of Trent. [Feb.
reception of the doctrine of the Council
by the professors of the Roman Catho-
lic religion," by a reference to the re-
spective histories of Elie Dupin, Bona-
venture Racine, D'Avigny, Picot, the
Collection of Le Plat (Monumentorum
ad Historiam Concilii Tridentini illus-
trandam, Lovan. 1781,) and Abbe
Millot's Histoire de la reception du
Concile deTrente dans les Etats Catho-
liques, 1756, 2 vols. 12mo. To enu-
merate, however, the occasions on
which the Galilean clergy, the true and
legitimate interpreters of the nation's
religious sentiments, have testified
their implicit subserviency to the Tri-
dentine canons of faith, would be to
compose the annals of that body. It
will suffice for Mr. Hallam to name
Bossuet, whose " Exposition de la Doc-
trine de I'Eglise," as our author avows,
(vol. iv. 130,) is exclusively grounded
on the decrees of the Council ; and it
will not be denied that Bossuet has
ever been the accredited organ of the
Galilean clergy, who, in 1682, ex-
pressed their formal approbation of
this little, biit important volume. It
was at the same assembly that they
passed the famous resolutions, four in
number, in assertion of their own
privileges. (See Cardinal Beausset,
Vie de Bossuet, tome ii. p. 229> and
page 279, vol. i.)
" Je ne m'arreterai," states Bossuet,
in his opening section, "qu'aux de-
crets du Concile de Trente, puisque
c'est Ik que TEglise a parle ddcisive-
ment." The work is generally pre-
ceded likewise by the approval of the
Pope (Innocent XI.) as well as of the
Cardinals Bona* and Chigi, with many
bishops, doctors, &c. so as to leave no
doubt of its conformity with the Catho-
lic creed, as defined by the Council.
Accordingly, Cardinal Chigi writes,
" Ne credo che il modo che tien Taii-
tore, sia da condamnasi nell' B^plica-
tione di qualche dottrina insegnata dal
Concilio di Trento." Tlie assent,
therefore, of the Galilean church was
not silent or passive, but most explicit
and declared ; and the royal or naagis-
terial acts, though by no formal or au-
thoritative injunction, were expressive
of an equally unexceptional adherence
to the dogmatic decrees of the Council,
which, I repeat, universally consti-
tuted, in the Catholic world, the rule
and test of religious belief.
'* Haec est cymba, qu& tuti vehimur ;
Hoc ovile, quo tecti condimur ;
Hsec columna qua firmi nitimur
Veritatis.**
Prose of the dedication of a church in the
Parisian Breviary.
Bossuet's favourite maxim, after St.
Augustin, was " in necessariis unitas,
in dubiis libertas, in omnibus chari-
tas \** an admirable distinction, which,
it is to be hoped, will spread. " *A vptr
'cTT* *avTo\lrjv t€ Koi cucafidrov ivaw
€\6jj,"* though the charity of the great
prelate may not appear quite so evident
in his conduct towards F^n^lon on the
Quietest question, and the latter's book
" Ij€8 Maximea des Saints;" bat the
subject has been amply and most im-
partially discussed by Cardinal Beaus-
set, the biographer of both, and
equally to their credit. See Vie de
Bossuet, (tom. ill. p. 281, &c. and 347;)
also. Vie de Fenelon (livres ii. et iii.)
with les Pieces Just^ficatives,
Bossuet's " Exposition," first publish-
ed at the close of J 67 1 , was immediate-
ly translated into every European Ian.
guage, — into English by the Abb^
Montagu (Walter, second son of the
* This Cardinal, who died shortly after Bossuet had published his work, (1674,) was
equally eminent for bis learning and piety. On the decease of Clement IX. in 1669,
he was named amongst those worthy of the tiara ; when a French Jesuit, (Fere Dan-
gi^res,) in reply to a line inscribed, as usual on these occasions, on the statue of Pas-
qiixn — ** Papa Bona sarcbbe un solecismo," — made the following epigram : —
*' Grammaticse leges plenimque Ecclesia spernit :
Forte erit ut liceat dicere Papa Bona.
Vana solaecismi ne te conturbet imago :
Esset Papa bonus, si Bona Papa erit.*'
The successful candidate, however, was Cardinal Emilio Altieri, who assumed the
kkame of Clement X.
t Quinti Calabri ISmymcci UapaKunofiii^, (lib. 13, v. 346. ed. Argentor. 1807» 8vo.)
1840.]
The Fate of ancient MS. Libraries.
first Earl of Manchester) in 1672, and
into Irish by Father Porter, a Francis-
can of the Convent of St. Isidore in
Rome in 1675. Its influence on Tu-
renne, not a little aided, we may natu-
rally suppose, by the countenance of
Louis XIV., and on others, is well
known. J. R.
(7h he continued.)
Mr. Urban,
Jan. 7*
IT is difficult to reconcile the ac-
count given by Bale of the wholesale
destruction of manuscripts at the Re-
formation, with the large number in
every collection which can be traced
to have belonged to various English
monasteries. Still less can we
imagine, at least from the catalogues
we possess, that such multitudes of
books were sent abroad at that period,
" not in small nom-bre, but at tymes
whole shippes full, to the wonderynge
of the foren nacyons." That the most
valuable portionsof many monastic col-
lections still remain, I have no doubt;
and, if the labour of identification were
not too great, further proofs might
probably be discovered.
In the library of Jesus College,
Cambridge, are still preserved about
fifty manuscripts which formerly be-
longed to the Cathedral church of
Durham : Mr. Hunter mentioned one
volume in the Appendix to the last
Report of the Record Commissioners.
By comparing these books with their
descriptions given in the ancient ca-
talogues recently published by the
Surtees Society, we shall be better able
to judge with what degree of correct-
ness such catalogues were constructed.
MS, Jes. Coll, Q, r. 29.
Codex Membranaceus, in 12mo. Sec.xij.
1. Epistola Jeronimi ad Demetriedem
virginem.
2. Dicta Anselmi Archiepiscopi.
3. Sermo Sancti Augustini de peni-
tentia.
4. Collateresquatuor virtutum, in ver-
sibus.
5. De duodeeim lapidibus, in versibus.
6. Orationes sive meditationes An-
selmi.
7. Monologion ejusdem.
8. Prosologion ejusdem.
9. Liber Augustini episcopi de pre-
sentia summi et veritate omnipotentis
Dei.
10. Seneca de institutione morum.
11. Collatio Seiapionis.
12. De vestimentis sacerdotalibu
13. Petitiones.
14. Dictiones metriiicandit
15. Computus astronomicus.
16. Fragmentum biblie, cum gli
This MS. is thus described
Surtees volume, p. 19 : —
''Epistolse Jerommi ad Demet
virginem. Dicta Anselmi. Sern
gustini de penitentia. Meditatioi
selmi. Prosologion ejusdem. A
de prsesentia Dei. Seneca dt
tione monim. Collacio Serapioiua
vestimentis sacerdotalibug. Tract
arte metrica. Item Compotus 1
Geometrise. Et lamentaciones
mue.
ff
This is, on the whole, very j ^
rate ; but what did the compiler u
by compottis practica geometritB,
these words certainly ought not U# uc
divided as the Editor of the Surtees
publication has them ? ) The tract re-
ferred to is a very common one in
early MSS. and treats of ecclesiasti-
cal computation ; but what geometry
has to do with it is another question.
Perhaps it may be " Compotus. Prac-
tica Geometriae," and the last tract lost.
We will now take an Instance of an
extremely superficial description : —
MS, Jes, Colli Q. r. 11.
Membranaceus, 8vo. Sec. xiv.
1. Meditatio de custodia interioris ho-
minis.
2. Excerpta de patribus, et aliis au-
thoribus.
3. Gulielmus Parisiensis de fide et le-
gibus.
4. Dialogus de Deo et animahumana.
5. Confessio Johannis Wickliffe de
prsesentia corporali in sacramento al-
taris.
6. De sacerdotum negligentia in Divi-
nis officiis.
7. Excerpta quaedam ex patribus de
oratione.
8. Aluredus Rievallensis Abbas de
anima.
9. Tractatus de mundo fugiendo.
10. De peccato originali.
Which is thus described in the Ca-
talogi Veteres, p, 72 : —
** Willielmus Parisiensis de fideet legi-
bus, in quinque Ubris ; cum meditatione
cujusdam sapientis de custodia interioris
hominis precedente ; et cum confessione
Magistri Johannis WyclyfF de sacramento
altaris subsequente; cum aliis."
1 wish it were in my power to have
given a complete and authenticated
152 Library of Rievauhf Abbey, SfC^^DhenUm ofPnrley. \9A.
list of those MSS. in Jesus College
library which are described in the
Sartees volame, but I am compelled
to defer it for the present. I wish,
however, to make a few observations
on other monastic libraries.
The cover of the MS. N. B. 17, in
the library of Jesus College, I found
on examination to contain a few writ-
ten vellum leaves, and, on opening and
cleaning them, they proved to be a
complete and very curious catalogue
of the books belonging to the Abbey
of Rievaulx in the thirteenth century.
As I have made a transcript of this
MS. for publication, I shall here only
give a few short extracts illustrative
of its general nature : —
" Ailredas de vita sancti Edwardi. De
generositate et moribus et morte regis
David. De vita sancti Niniani episcopi.
De miraculis Haugustald* ecclesie. In uno
volumine.
** Ambrosius de virginibus et de Nabu-
the, et sermo ejus de jejunio, et libellas
Rioardi Prions de Benjamin et fratribus
ejus. De quibusdam partibus mundi.
De septem mirabilibus Kome. De quin«
que plagis Anglie. In uno volumine,
** Orosius de ormesta mundi. Historia
Daretis de hello Trojano, et versus Petri
Abailardi ad filiumi et cronica de AngUa.
In uno volumine.
** Quedam nominum et verborum expo-
sitio in epistolas Paull, et versus de
ChristOy et de sacramentis fidei quorun-
dam patrum sermones. In wio volumine.
** Enchiridion et versus cujusdam de
morte Roberti Bloet, episcopi Lincolnien-
sis ; et difficlliores partes veteris ac novi
Testament!. In uno volumine. * *
Mr. Hunter, in his valuable little
volume on English Monastic Libraries,
has mentioned the library of St. Au-
gustine's, at Canterbury, but he does
not appear to have been aware that a
very valuable catalogue of this collec-
tion, made in the 14th century, is in
MS. Galba, E. iv. in the Cottonian
collection. This catalogue, although
consisting chiefly of theological works,
contains many very curious and inter-
esting articles. In the Public Library
at Cambridge (li. 3. 12.) is a list of
books belonging to a member of this
house in the fifteenth century, consist-
ing of five folio pages ; this collection
was probably given to the monastery,
because the volume in which it is
found, and which is inserted in the
catalogue, has a note of presentation
on fol. 2, r^.
It is not unusual to find stray to.
lumes from the old monastic librarica
in booksellers' catalogues of the pre-
sent day : in Mr. Bohn's Sale LAti 9f
Foreign Theology, (8vo. 1839f p* 14,)
will be found a MS. of the I2di cen-
tury, containing —
1. Hieronymi epistolae,
2. Ejusdem res musicae. fol. Membr.
which formerly belonged to the library
of the great Abbey of St. Mary
without the Walls of York. This is
perhaps another argument for what I
have said above against the literal
truth of Bale's narrative.
Yours, &c. J. O. HALLiWKLt.
tooke's diversions op purlby, akd
Richardson's English oictionart.
Mr. Urban,
A FEW months ago an old friend,
intimate with my lexicographical la-
bours from their commencement to
their close, suggested to me that a
good Zoilean criticism upon my Dic-
tionary might eventually be of consi-
derable service to accelerate the popu-
larity of the book. He founded his
expectation upon the old maxim —
" Magna est Veritas et prsevalebit ; "
and being able himself to keep a sin-
gle-eyed view of the matter steadily
before him, without any of the sensitive-
ness of authorship, he could wish me
exposed to the brunt of the battle,
without apprehension for my safety
or renown. In his fearlessness of
final victory, I did not hesitate to ex-
press my own participation, yet I
could not but acknowledge that there
were other modes of attracting fiivonr-
able notice, to which I shotdd give a
decided preference. I could not but
feel conscious that, having worked so
hard and unceasingly in harness for
a number of years, with scarcely a
respite for recruiting my strength,
or reanimating ray spirits, some
tender places might be worn; abd
that, if the whip should be placed in
the hands of some dashing Jehu, as
perhaps it might, more ostentatious of
himself than forbearing to his cattle,
he might, for the mere purpose of dis-
playing the dexterity with which he
coald throw the lash, touch me (the
expression is rendered classical by re-
cent parliamentary usage) rather too
smartly upon the raw.
1840.]
Richardsotis New English Diciiomry.
153
No such infliction has hitherto he-
fallen me, and those intenerate spots,
for whose concealment I might feel
solicitous, whether from want of skill
to detect or of design to pain them,
remain to the present hour, like " un-
divulged crimes unwhipt of justice."
A gentleman, who now for the se-
cond time appears before us as Editor
of the ETTca IlTfpofin-a, (a work, which
should have a scholar for its Editor,
or none,) has had the graciousness to
bestow some of his attentions upon
me, but in a tone so subdued and
feeble, that 1 scarcely suspect him to
be desirous of arousing me to recipro-
cate his courtesy. I am quite sure,
that he is not the assailant to satisfy
the hopes of my friend ; who, how-
ever inclined to emperil me in the risks
of strife, felt a confidence that, if I
entered the field, I should earn, and
be repaid by, the honours of a triumph.
For my own part, I am warmed by
Ro faint a glow of chivalric valiancy,
that I am quite content to see Mr.
Richard Taylor advance as my anta-
gonist : and, if he were not presumed
to have acquired a simulate importance
by taking his stand upon the solid base
of Tooke's reputation, 1 should, I
think, have allowed him to taint my
shield, and pass by — without any at-
tempt or any ambition to break a lance
with him in the lists.
I have, however, a preliminary to
settle with the learned Typographer.
In the Edition of the Diversions of
Parley printed and published by him
in the year 1829> he quoted from
the Monthly Review for Jan. 1817,
a sweeping censure upcyi my Jlluitra-
tions of English Philology, conveyed
in the following terms : — " Mr.
Richardson pursues the same un-
trackcd course, (as Home Tooke,) and
often connects (like Mr. Whiter in his
Etymologicon) words as obviously dis-
tinct in pedigree as a negro and a
white." Now the fact is, that, in my
small volume, I had myself connected
no words whatever ; all the connec-
tions were the workmanship, goo<l or
bad, of Tooke alone : and I have
i^ome reason to complain of the dis-
ingcnuousness of Mr. Taylor, in pre-
serving from the oblivion of a pe-
riodical journal, in the pages of
a work not his own, and there-
GI.XT. Mao. Vol. XIIL
fore not, on that account, obnoxious
to the same speedy submersion
from public regard, — but in the pages
of a work which no clumsy or
hostile editorship will ever over-
whelm or suppress ; — I have, I say,
some reason to complain of this, inas-
much as in a letter addressed to Mr.
Taylor, and which 1 know he received,
I informed him of the error (and it is
not the only one of the kind) into
which the Monthly Critic had too
hastily fallen. I am compelled to
suppose that Mr. T. wished to add
weight to his own imputations upon
the soundness of my principles of
Philology, by thus stealing into the
minds of his reader the apparent au-
thority of the Reviewer in prejudice
against roe. He only knows whether
his act is to be ascribed to inadver-
tence or intention ; but 1 am the more
desirous to divest him of any advantage
which he may imagine himself to re-
ceive from his critical auxiliary, be-
cause to the opinion of that auxiliary,
when fairly given, I attach a greater
value than I fix upon his own, and
one reason for the distinction is, that,
if the reviewer condemns me for a fault
which I have not committed, he also
awards a full measure of approbation
to the industry and judgment displayed
in my Illustrations, and to the great
and lasting service rendered by me to
English philology.
There is, Mr. Urban, in the ad-
ditional notes prefixed to his author,
another instance in which Mr. R.
Taylor manifests a desire to give vi-
gour to his blow by calling to bis aid
the arm of a stronger combatant than
himself. He affirms that my large
collection of examples, serviceable as
it may be to philologists and to future
lexicographers, is most injudiciously
arranged ; and he refers, in confirma-
tion, to a well-known article in the
Quarterly Review, * in which the
author of the Lexicon (as it is termed
in the Encyclopedia Metropolitana) is
favourably mentioned, but his chrono-
logical arrangement of quotations dis-
approved,— because it enforced a neces-
sity of not unfrequently producing an
instance of a metaphorical usage before
* Vol. LI. p. 172.
154 Tooke'i Diver^ioni ofPurley, by Taylor. [Feb*
the literal meaning was exempli- Mr. Taylor now stands before va,
fied.^ Mr. Urban, divested of every particle
I was perfectly aware that some in- of borrowed strength ; and there re-
convenience must attend upon my me- mains one general charge to be dis-
thod of proceeding ; but I knew of no posed of, originating in his own sole
method without its accompanying and unaided ingenuity : and it is this«
inconvenience, and I was convinced — he makes it a ground of aceusatioa
that the advantages secured by an against me, that I have really some
uniform adherence to chronology (thus pre-conceived system of philology ;
continually presenting some slip, if that 1 have pre-established in my own
I may so call it, of a genealogical mind certain principles as to the mewi-
tablet of the English language) were ing of words; and that, in myezplana*
sufficient to entitle it to my choice, tions, I have proceeded in conform-
In the Quarterly Review for Sept. ity to them. This is certainly a de-
1836 my Dictionary is again the subject fault which I cannot retort qpon him.
of criticism, and, after some compli- The sentence pronounced by Tooke
mentary expressions, which — but for upon a brother editor, and to which
the insatiability of an author's appe- Mr. Taylor first gave publicity in no
tite for praise — might be adjudged tender regard to the feelings of a feU
abundant enough, the Reviewer de- low labourer, is far more appro-
clares himself to be still of opinion, priate, as characteristic of his penury
that it would be a more scientific and, in the philosophy of speech: *'He
in all respects, preferable arrange- knows as little as heart can wish of
ment to give f the signification of the signification of words. " % It
words in the natural order of succes- is he, however, who presumes to affirm
sion ; and he suggests that a chrono- that a Dictionary formed upon such
logical arrangement of authors would principles as mine can only mislead
enable every reader to classify the and bewilder : I sincerely regret this
quotations according to their respec- unfortunate effect upon his under-
tive ages. But the question between standing, but I profess no surprise,
u» is fairly before the literary world ; and prescribe no remedy,
and it has already, I believe, been so In April 183G § you permitted me«
fully decided in my favour, that I am Mr. Urban, to present an exposition
not much concerned about the weight of those principles to the readers of
which Mr, R. Taylor may be able to your Miscellany; they were no novel-
throw into the scale of my opponent, ties ; they were authorized by names
* The instance referred to by the Reviewer is rather an unlucky one ; and thews
that, if Homer sometimes nods, Aristarchus may sometimes dose. It is this, from
Chaucer, —
" His comb was redder than the fin corall,
Embatteledf as it were a castell wall."
This, says the critic, common sense tells us is a metaphorical usage, and it ought to
be preceded by a simple one. Now, it is obvious that by the words — '* as it were a
castell waQ/* the simple usage of '^ embatteled " is very fairly established. And it
might be added, that the literal meaning ought to be shewn by the etymology, and
cannot, in a language like ours — derived from various sources — be regularly confirmed
or illustrated by examples. How many words received from the Latin neter are and
never were used by us, except metaphorically. Even of home-bred words there arc
many which have always been confined to speech, or, at farthest, extended only to
the written intercourse of private life, or the communications of business. Our first
authors were assuredly neither tillers of the earth, nor workers at the bench or the
forge, or the loom. Suppose the critic's plan adopted, where practicable, the
author*B (which is uniformly practicable) must in all other cases be pursued ; and
what a picture of confusion would the pages of the Dictionary have exhibited, if part
had been constructed upon one scale and part upon another.
t The reviewer means — to exemplify. In the explanations this arrangement if
adopted, with little other effect upon Mr. Taylor than to puzzle him.
X Div. of Purley, p. 410, n.
§ P. 373) et seq. See also p. 44, of the Pref. to the 4to. Dictionary.
V
1840.]
Richardson's New English Dictionary.
155
long known and revered ; and my only
merit is that, I have in practice en-
deavoured to avail myself of their as-
sistance. But this is my merit ;
though I must not expect that such
philologers as Mr. T. will be either
able to appreciate or willing to allow
it. It is quite evident that this Gent,
twice the editor of the Diversions of
l*urlcy, has profited so little from the
study of his author, (i( studied him he
has,) and what is worse, from my
exertions for a quarter of a century to
illustrate and expound the doctrines
which, to my mind, that author has so
clearly and so forcibly inculcated, as
not to have the slightest conception of
the difference between the meaning
and consequent application of a word.*
I suspect the very confident Typogra-
pher to be possessed by that danger-
ous thing — a little learning, (I do not
allude to his attainments in particular
languages, but in the principles com-
mon to all,) which so frequently ren-
ders its victim too opinionated to be
docile; and thus debars him from the
reception of that very instruction of
which he is most in need.
It was said of a celebrated lawyer.
Lord Mardwicke, if I remember rightly*
that his doubts were of more value than
the certainties of other men. Mr.
Tavlor seems to claim for himself
some pre-eminence as a suggester of
doubts. In 1829 he had suggested
that Tooke's explanation of for, from
the Latin /or-i5, would "not apply to
the generality of cases." In 1839 he
reminds us of his having done so, and
laconically adds — " Mr. Richardson,
however, in his New Dictionary, ad-
heres to it." This is very provoking,
undoubtedly ; but it may, perhaps,
abate the soreness of the learned
f^itor, to be informed that my
delinquency in adhering to the cer-
tainties of Ilorne Tooke, upon the
convictions of ray own understanding,
had been committed in the £ncyclo-
piedia Metropolitana full two years
before he had committed his sug-
gestive scepticism to the press; and
I du think that he has, in an un-
guarded moment, been pushed beyond
the modesty of his nature, to expect
that I should sweep from my pages,
upon his bare intimation of a doubt,
the double assurances of authority and
reason.
It is not my wish to trouble you,
Mr. Urban, with one word in defence
of the individual etymologies or ex-
planations by which the distaste of
the Editor of the Diversions of Parley
has been so painfully excited. I be-
lieve in every instance (and their
number is very small) they are founded
upon, if not immediately sustained by,
the authority of his book. It has not,
indeed, suited him to carry his aggres-
sions so far as to molest me where I
stand alone. If any readers of his
notes, or of your Miscellany, should
be desirous to arrive at a right con-
clusion in any case, where the anno-
tator has placed himself at issue
against the text of his own author,
and the expositions of it occasionally
proffered in the New English Dictio-
nary, it will be incumbent upon them
to read us in the pages of our own
books. The mutilated, I will not say
the garbled, quotations,t which Mr.
T. has exhibited from my Dictionary,
might, perhaps, have the effect of
producing a state of bewilderment and
perplexity, not exceeded by that in
which he is himself involved.
These quotations are accompanied
by brief comments, which present as
decided evidences of their writer's ca-
pacity to form a correct judgment, as
the quotations themselves are of his
disposition to pronounce a fair one.
One observation more, Mr. Urban,
upon Mr. Taylor and his performances,
and I have done : if he were a person
who, in the character of a critic, had
displayed any qualifications which
could induce me, in the character of
an author, to fear him as an adver-
sary or court him as an ally, I might
be sensible of regret that, out of the
2000 pages of my Dictionary, he has
not been able or willing to select a
single passage upon which he could
bestow the pittance of his approval.
I am, &c. C. R.
Tulse Hill, Jan. 1840.
♦ Mr. Taylor refers to my lllostrations of English Philology. It may be of icr-
vire to him to read § It. of the 3rd Letter.
t Mr. Taylor 8«y»~I hare wholly omitted /or«.^o ; he will find it in the very same
rolumn m the very same page in which he found /ore- Mia A (from Wilgon*8 Rhetoric.)
He a»k»— Can Mr. R. be igoonat 9( Uio oistcncc of Dr. Webster's DictioBary > I
icfer film tv my Pntsptetw.
156
THE FRENCH HISTORICAL COMMISSION.
SINCE our Oct. number, in which we expressed some uncertainty as to the
proceedings of the Historical (or Record) Commission in France, we have re-
ceived, together with many new volumes of its publications, the Reports of its
different Committees, and we think it will be by no means uninteresting to our
readers, if we give a slight sketch of what they are doing. The perseverance
with which our neighbours arc pursuing their interesting labours, ought to
stimulate us also to take measures for snatching from oblivion the records and
monuments of our national history.
The French Historical Commission came into life just before the period
when our own Record Commission was obliged to cease from its labours. Its
first foundation was laid in 1834, by M. Guizot, then Minister of Public
Instruction. A grant of 120,000 francs (something less than 5000/.) a year
was passed by the Chambers, for carrying out its objects. We believe that the
sum thus granted has been varied in diflferent years since that time. A very
few months elapsed from the establishment of the commission to the appear-
ance, in 1835, of the three first volumes of its publications, under the general
title of Collection de Documents inedits mr VHistoire de France, public par
Ordre du Roi et par les soins du Ministre de V Instruction Public, uniformly
printed in handsome 4to. volumes. These were, a Journal of the proceedings
of the States-General of France, held at Tours in 1484, in the reign of
Charles VIII. and two volumes of a more extensive series of Correspondence
and papers concerning the negotiations relating to the succession to the Crown
of Spain, by the house of Bourbon, in the reign of Louis XIV. an event which
involved all Europe in war at the beginning of the last century, and which
has had a great influence on European politics ever since. This work is edited
by the historian Mignet. At the same time appeared also the first volume of
a collection of documents from the archives of the Ministere de la Guerre, re-
lating to the military transactions of the same period, edited by General Pelet,
under the title of Memoires Militaires. These publications were followed in 1836
by three others, the inedited works of Peter Abelard, edited by Victor Cousin ; the
minutes of the deliberations of the Council of Charles VIII. ; and the second
volume of the collection of Military Memoirs relating to the War of theSuccession.
It should be observed that this latter work is accompanied with a magnificent
atlas. In 1837, the Commission issued five volumes, of which the two first, the
'* Livre dcs Metiers et les Reglemcns sur les Arts et Metiers," and the "Taille
dc Paris,'* besides illustrating generally the manners of former times, throw
much light on the condition of the French capital in the Middle Ages. Two others,
the history of the crusade against the Albigenses, in Proven9al verse, by Wil-
liam of Tudela; and the first volume of the Anglo-Norman Metrical Chronicle by
Bcnoit : the former edited by M. Fauriel, the latter by M. Michel, arc important
monuments of literature as well as of history. The fifth volume was a specimen of
a truly noble national work, which the Commission has projected, the Stalistique
Monumentale of France ; this specimen being confined to the two arrondisse-
ments of Nancy and Toul, and containing a complete survey, with nu-
merous folio plates of every monument in those arrondisscments which belong
to a date previous to the seventeenth century. The works issued during the
year 1838, were, the third volume of the Military Memoirs, and the second
volume of the Chronicle of Benoit, with the reports on the political state of
France, made by the Venetian Ambassadors in the l6th century, in two
volumes, and a very useful work entitled Elements of Paleography, in two
very large folio volumes, illustrated by fine plates of fac-similes of writing, and
of seals.
The volumes issued by the Historical Commission during the past year were
more numerous than in any of the preceding yearj?. They were, I. the Me-
trical History of the famous Bcrtrand du Gucsclin, by a trouvere named Cuva-
lier, in two volumes. This interesting work is valuable to the English historian,
for the information it gives relating to the wars between the two countries in
the reign of Edward III. and more particularly to the expedition of the Black
Prince into Spain. '2. The two first volumes of a selection of the ai chives of the
1840.]
The French Historical Commission.
157
city of Reims. 3. The diplomatic correspondence of De Soordts, Archbishop of
Bordeaux, relating to the naval operations under Liouis XIII. in three volumes,
edited by Eugene Sue. 4. The first volume of the Latin Chronicle of a monk
of St. Denis, relating to the latter part of the fourteenth century.
it will be seen, by the foregoing list of publications, that the labours of the
French Historical Commission embrace a wide and varied field. The Com-
mission was, in the first place, divided into three Committees, which severally
devoted themselves to the history of the literature and language of France, to
political history, and to the history of science. In the beginning of the year
1S38 were formed two new Committees, the object of one of which was to
preserve and publish surveys of the monumental antiquities of France,
whilst the other was occupied with the " moral and political sciences." We
have now received the several Reports of these five Committees, published in
1839, and will lay before our readers the most interesting parts of their con-
tents. We will take them in the same order in which they are presented
to us.
The first Committee, that of Language and Literature, has not yet issued a
single publication ; but it has long been occupied in discussing and preparing
a work of great importance. The work to which we allude, is intended to form
a complete comparative series of monuments of the French language during the
Middle Ages, beginning with the twelfth century. In order to make the com-
{)arison a^i ea^^y and perfect as possible, it has been determined to take a cer-
tain portion of the Bible, and to give this portion from the vernacular transla-
tions as they arc found in manuscripts of different dates during the period just
mentioned. The publication of various other works is contemplated; and none
will be more interesting to the general reader than the correspondence of Mar-
guerite d'Angoulcme, the famous Queen of Navarre, to whose pen we owe the
Cent Nouvellea.
" This princcM, the most remarkable
woman of her time, has left a reputation
for wit, that seems to be rather an echo of
the opinion of her contem|>oniriM» than
the reKult of the unfaithful and mutilated
publication of her so celebrated contet;
indi'cil, the publinhers, in their deplorable
lov(; of the fteau laugage, have not left a
suit;U' phradv of the excelleut language of
the author im touched. But her corres-
pondenrc, of which Mr. (i(>nin( the secre-
tary of this Committer) is collecting and
nrranKing the mat(*rials, will be more than
Mitticient to justify the praise which has
been ipveu to the Queen of Navarre*
These letters are addressed to the King or
to M. dc Montmorency, grand master, af-
terwards constable of France. To judge
of the historical interest which they pos-
sess, it is sufficient to know that there are
twenty-five written in Spain, where Mar-
guerite went to negodate the deliverance
of her brother, prisoner of Charles the
Fifth after the battle of Pavia. This cor-
re8i>ondence, entirely inedited, will be
accompanied with notes on the personages
whose names occur most frequently, and
to illustrate the allusions, without the ex-
])lanatioii of which the interest of the
reader diminishes in proportion to the
obscurity of the book.''
The second Committee is entitled the Committee of Charters, Chronicles, and
luHcrintions, and it is to it that we owe a great part of the works hitherto
published. In addition to those already enumerated, we may expect soon the
( hartulary of Chartres, which is to open a series of such works, to be edited by
M. (iurrard. The letters between the Kings and Queens of England and
France, collected by Hrequigny, and edited by ^M. Champollion, are also nearly
lendy for publication. 'Hie Count Beugnot has in the press the four volumes
ot the earliest Parliamentary Archives, known by the name of OUm ; M. Mi-
chelct ha« collected into two volumes all the documents relating to the trial and
AupprcMion of the Templars; M. dc (tolbcry has formed two volumes of the
original and inrditcd historians of Alsace ; M. Gucrard has nearly finished the
im;«rr>hi()n of the Chartularies of the two liuganoiis; M. lA>uis'l'aris has in
an equally advanced stale the Correspondence of Aubcspicre, ambassador of
FrAuce at the court of Spain during the first {K-riod of the religious troubles •
Au>;ustin 'Hiierry is pre|>aring a large series of documents illustrative of the
hi>»tory of the liertUiai ; Cham|>ollion-Figeac is employed upon a detailed
dcacriptiuo tf all the historical manuscripu in the Royal Library; aiuI|
158
The French Historkal CommistuM.
[Feb.
in addition to all these books, a critical examination of the sources of
French History, by M. Jules Desnoyers, is on the point of publication.
The third Committee is the ComiU Historique des Sciences. Its object is to col-
lect and publish the most important manuscripts relating to science as it
existed in the Middle Ages. The history of science during that period, has
been far too much neglected, and is at present very little known. M. Libri
is charged with the publication of a collection of documents relating to the
history of the sciences in France since the Middle Ages. Besides the older
documents of this kind, this Collection will include the correspondence of many
of the scientific men of the seventeenth century, with some of their treatises,
which, long supposed to be lost, have been, or may hereafter be, discorertd in
the libraries of France.
important for the history of the scieiioes
and for that of the French language*
These different pieces will be preceded by
a history of Fncyclopedias, beginning with
the great Encyclopedias of the Chinese
and Arabs."
" The first volume will contain a sped-
in^n'of the Great Encyclopedias, published
in France in the Middle Ages, and which
are so little known; the 7V^*orof Brunetti,
the master of Dante, will be published en-
tire. Napoleon had at one time the idea
of giving to the world this TVeAor, equally
Some of the most extensive works which have yet appeared, are the pub-
lications of the Committee of Moral and Political Sciences, such as the negotia-
tions and the military memoirs relative to the succession of Spain, and the cor-
respondence of the Archbishop de Sourdis. This Committee has also in pre-
paration a collection of the papers of the Cardinal de Granville, highly im-
portant for the history of Europe during the sixteenth century; as well as the
Litre de justice et depkt, a valuable treatise on Middle Age jurisprudence, and
a volume of inedited works of our famous countryman Roger Bacon, which will
be edited by Victor Cousin.
The Report on the labours of the Committee of Arts and Monuments is so
extremely interesting, that, were it not too long, we should be inclined to
translate the whole. The object of this Committee is not only to publish a
complete survey of all the monumental antiquities ofFrance, but also to provide
for the preservation of the monuments themselves. A series of printed ques-
tions is sent to every parish throughout the kingdom, in order to obtain the
primary information to regulate the proceedings of the Committee in this
survey. The undertaking will require many years, and much money. Those
districts and monuments will be taken first in order which are of the greatest
interest, or are most important in their character, or which are in the greatest
danger of perishing ; for the Committee has established it as a rule, that an
edifice which is threatened with ruin shall always be preferred to a monument
which is in a good state of preservation. At present this Committee is occu-
pied in the publication of specimens or models of the diflferent forms which its
labours will take. These are to be, 1, the complete survey in description and
delineation of the cathedral of Noyon, as a specimen of severe ecclesiastical
architecture, and, 2, of that of Chartrcs, as being the most extensive and superb
ecclesiastical edifice in France; 3, the Roman, Merovingian, and Carlovin-
gian antiquities of Paris, as a specimen of the mode in which the great towns
will be treated ; 4, the description of the arrondissement of Reims, as a model
of the monumental statistics of the provinces.
** The mission of the Committee is, in
fact, to search n6tre France monument ale ,-
to catalogue, describe, and delineate all
the objects of art scattered over our soil ;
to draw up an archceological register, so
saccinct that the monuments of every ai;c
and of every kind maybe mentioned in it,
and of such an extent that every work of
art may obtain in it a place proportionate
to its esthetic or historical value.
" Two orders of works are therefore to
be prosecuted under the direction of the
Committee : statistics for all the monu-
ments without exception ; monographies
for those monuments of importance which
could not be oevelopcd sufficiently in the
statistics. The Committee cannot itself
executi". all the statistics, which will amount
to eighty-six if we proceed by depart-
ment, and to three bondred and finy if
1840.]
The French Historical ComnUssion.
159
we proceed by arrondissement, and give
separately t)ie statistics of several large
cities, which seems desirable and neces-
sary tu produce a complete work. Neither
can the Committee undertake directly all
the monographies, which will amount
perhaps to three hundred, which is nearly
the number of the important monuments
in our country which appear to merit a
»l>ecial work. Time and money would be
wanting for such a colossal work. On
the other hand, it would not do to let the
designs of the Committee be regulated by
chance, or to abandon them to the indi-
vidual caprices of all those who might
think proper to undertake an historical
work on the monuments. It haii there-
fore been thought indispensable to fix an
uniform plan, and to apply it invariably
to everything that shall be undertaken,
without as well as within the Committee.
** Two means of attaining this result
offered themselves ; both have been adopt-
tul. In the first place monographies and
statistics will be given as models, to
wliich all future monographies and statis-
tics will conform, as well in the scien-
tific plan as in the material execution.
Next, instructions will be sent to all the
correspondents, and to all the antiquaries
iu France, to indicate the plan according
to which their researches must be made,
to hx the expressions which are to be
used in the description of a monument,
and the characteristic signs which serve
to (lass the works of art, and to determine
their age.
" As to the statistics, they will be of
two kinds ; those which include all the
monuments of an arrondissement, and those
which only comprehend the monuments
of a great town.
" For the model of the statistic of an
arrondissement, that of Reims has been
chosen — one of those which are most
numerous in communes, and one of the
richest in monuments. An architect of
Reims, M. liippolytc Durand, has been
employed to make all the drawings ; the
archivist and librarian of the same town,
M. Louis PiVris, will write the history of
the edifices ; the secretary of the Com-
mittee, M. Didroii, will give the descrip-
tion of all the monuments which will be
represented by engraving and lithography.
" Paris has been chosen as the model
of the statistic of a great town. This work
has been rntrust(*d to M. Albert l^noir,
who will give drawings and descriptions
of all the Roman, Merovingian, and Car-
loviogian monuments which formerly
adonird the town of Paris, and which
have leA numerous and imposing ruins.
Paris, which |)Osscsies monuments of ail
epochs, from Julius Cmur to our own
days, will senre as a type for thoie great
towns in Prance, Lyons, Rotien, Bordeaux,
and Strasbourg.
"The Committee will give also two models
of monography ; for, the monuments of
France being splendid or austere, it ia
necessary to take a severe monument and
a sumptuous one.
*' The cathedral of Noy on," graver still
since the revolution and the course of agea
have broken the statues of its portal and
its painted windows, has been selected as
the type of a church at once severe and
original. By an exception which ^
rare in France, this cathedral is rounded
at the extremity of its transepts, as at its
apsis, and it is fronted by a porch on
the west. M. Ramt^e has just finished
the drawings of this curious monument,
and M. L. Vitet, member of the Chamber
of Deputies, is preparing the text.
"The Cathedral of Chartres appeared
to be the monument the most complete
and the richest in France — we may almost
say, in Europe. N6tre Dame de Chartres
is a cathedral far more considerable than
the others, by its crypt, which extends
the whole length of the building; by
the numerous sculptures which decorate
its royal portal and its lateral porches ;
by its two western spires, perfect models
of the architecture of the twelfth and of
the fifteenth centuries ; by the six amorcet
of towers which rise at the croisillont and
at the apside ; by the delicate sculptures
which adorn the enclosure of the choir ;
by the painted glass which fills all the
windows; by a great chapel — we may
almost say, a little church — which the four-
teentli century has attached to the great
edifice of the thirteenth.
" The drawings and text of this mono-
graphy appeared to be of too high a de-
gree of importance to be entrusted to a
single |)erson. Two artists have been
joined together for the graphic work:
MM. Lassus, architect, and Amaury-
Duval, painter. M. Lapsus will make all
the drawings of architecture and decora-
tion, and will make the plans, and give the
sections and elevations ; M. Amaury*
Duval will draw all the sculpture. The
text itself, which will accompany and ex-
plain these numerous designs, will also be
divided. In a literary work on a mo-
nument like NAtre Dame de Chartres, there
ore two parts which ore very distinct : the
history of this monument, which relates
its foundation, its vicissitudes, the life of
the personages who have inhabited it, so
to speak, that of the bishops who have
adorned, enlarged, and modified it, in fact
the history of its former times ; and the
description which tells its present state,
which describes by language all its stones
one after another, all the statues, all the
figures painted in fresco or on glass, all
160
The French Historical Commission,
[Feb.
are from drawings of figures ; and, mnoe
there were two artists for the graphic part,
it was but logical to make the same di-
vision of the literary part of the under-
taking."
the vanons forms which sculpture has im-
pressed on different materials to give
them a character, a style, which indicates
an epoch, an age. The history of a monu-
ment, in fact, is still more different from
its description, than architectural drawings
Besides doing all that may be possible to preserve the ancient inonaments
from ruin, the Committee of Arts and Monuments has taken measures to form
aMuseum of National Antiquities, in which the fragments of such monuments, as
their endeavours have not been able to save from destruction, may be deposited.
'* In spite of the zeal of the correspond- the proposition of the Committee, and has
ents, in spite of the ardour of the
Committee itself in defence of monu-
ments threatened by men or ruined by
time, many objects of art perish, many
edifices fall; and, since there exists no
place destined to receive the fragments,
we lose even the last trace of the most
interesting monuments. Since the de-
struction of the museum of the Petits-
Augustins, our national archaeology has
sustained losses of this kind which are
irreparable. Latterly, when the restora-
tions were made at the church of St.
made a formal promise to dedicate the
church of St. Martin-des-Champs, now
dependant on the Conservatory of Arts and
Manufactures, to the reception of the
fragments of Christian architecture and
sculpture which may be collected at Paris
and in the departments. This church,
which, with St. Germain-des-Pr^s, is the
oldest in Paris, is also the most curious
for the originality of its construction and
decoration ; it is admirably fit for its new
destination — the casket will be worthy of
the precious objects which it will contain.
Penis, when the mutilations were perpe- The Minister of the Interior has promised
trated on the church of St. Benott, when
the churches of St. Come and of Cluny
were demolished, they were forced to
throw away among the rubbish bases and
capitals of columns, sculptured tumu-
lary stones, carved frieses and gar-
goyles, because the royal museums which
are consecrated to pagan antiquities,
cannot and will not receive national
antiquities. Such a state of things could
not last long without the greatest detri-
ment to history ; for no archaeological
studies are possible without monuments,
and the monuments become rarer every
day.
** Struck with these injuries inflicted
upon art and historical studies, the Com-
mittee, on the proposition of Baron Taylor,
begged the Minister of the Interior to grant
a place for the temporary reception of the
objects of art scattered in a thousand
places, and which may be collected to-
gether. Afterwards, the necessity will be
felt of forming a gallery of the fragments
which will be gathered by little and little
at a small expense, and we shall thus have
a museum of Christian antiquities, which
may be compared with pride to the mu-
seums of pagan antiquities. In this mu-
seum, besides the pieces which are origi-
nals, may be placed, as has been done at
the Louvre for the Greek and Roman
monuments, plaster-casts of the finest
works of art, statues, and bas-reliefs which
decorate our edifices of the Middle Ages.
Several provincial towns already possess a
Christian museum; Paris must not be
behind Dijon, Orleans, Puy, Mans, or
Carcassonne. The Minister of the Interior
received in the most fayoorable manner
6
to cause to be restored, for the object above
specified, this church, which threatened
to fall into ruins from the effects of age,
or which was going to be demolished to
make room for a mairie. The Committee
regards this result as one of the most im-
portant it has yet obtained, and knows
not how to thank sufficiently the Minister
of the Interior.
'' When a monument falls of itself, as
has lately happened to the church of St.
Sauveur at Nevers, the Committee will
have but one resource, and that one it will
use immediately ; this will be to send an
architectural draughtsman to the scene of
the disaster, and to give him the task of
collecting, or causing to be preserved in a
museum, all the valuable fragments which
may not be bruised to pieces ; of drawing,
on the faith of traditions, on the inspec-
tion of old engravings, and the examina-
tion of the locality, a plan, sections, ele-
vations, details ; of stating, in a circum-
stantial report, the cause of the accident,
in order to prevent the fall of monuments
which may be threatened with ruin under
the same circumstances. The draughtsman
will return to Paris with the fragments,
which will be placed in the museum, — ^with
the drawings, which will be engraved, —
with the report, which will be published.
Of the ruined monument will be presented
at least its portrait and some fragments.
This is precisely the mission which, in the
case of St. Sauveur, the Committee has
entrusted to M. Robelin, architect, non-
resident member of the Committee, and
charged with important works in the Ca-
thediral of Neversi his natiye place.''
\
1840.]
On the Orthography oj the name of Shakspere,
161
All the evils here mentioned and provided against, are felt equally, if not
more, in England ; our national antiquities are daily perishing ; we have no
museum to receive the fragments, no public spirit in our government to provide
for them, and only here and there a solitary individual who, at his own risk
and inconvenience, will use his exertions to preserve, will afford a shelter to
what can be saved, or will publish, or cause to be published, drawings and de-
scriptions. We rejoice at the exertions of our neighbours, though we have
reason to be ashamed at being left so far behind them. Yet we Uiink we see
at home a new spirit rising and spreading itself, and we hope that it may bear
its fruit before it be too late.
We ought to add, that the Committee of Arts and Monuments is publishing
manuals of the different branches of archaeology, drawn up by the first scholars
in each branch, and intended more particularly for the use of its correspondents,
to draw their attention to the different points most necessary to be observed, to
fix a standard to guide them with certainty in their researches and observations,
and to give with accuracy and certainty that elementary knowledge which is
necessary to enable them to work efficiently.
Mr. Urban, Chelsea, Jan, 16.
REGARDED as a picture there are
few events more striking ; considered
historically there arc few more inte-
resting, or more instructive, than that
of the elders of a community, be it re-
ligious, political, or literary, coming
forth in all the majesty of authority
to frown down some daring heretic
who has set tradition at defiance, and
followed an unlicensed reason to con-
clusions which are not agreeable.
Your last Magazine exhibited some-
thing of this kind in its papers upon
the orthography of Shakspere. It
seems that the Madden heresy, for so
we arc taught to believe it to be, finds
friends. Mr. Charles Knight's conver-
sion alarms Mr. Hunter, Mr. Hal-
lam's all -but approval calls up Mr.
D'lsraeli, who vouches for Mr. Col-
lier and Mr. Dyce, and under the au-
thority of these, the conscript fathers
of dramatic literature, (and no one is
inclined to pay them more respect, or
to value their literary labours more
highly than myselO we are called
upon to proceed against all disbelievers
in the first e and the second a, with
bell, book, and candle ; the peril being
— if we fail — that Prince Posterity may
lose the real name of our great dra-
matic poet, and be horrified by " the
barbaric curt shock of Shakspere,"
Now, Mr. Urban, 1 avow myself to
be a Maddenite. 1 renounce tno first
e ; I abjure the second a ; I believe—
mifbelieve if you like— io the " bar-
baric curt shock ; " and, having made
this confession, I request permission
to be heard in my defence.
Gb.vt. Mao. You XHI.
It is conceded on both sides, that
we know of six genuine signatures of
the great Bard ; one to a conveyance
dated the 10th March 1612-13, an-
other to a mortgage deed dated 11th
March 1612-13, three to his will
signed on the 25th March 161 5-1 6«
and a sixth written in a copy of Flo«
rio's translation of Montaigne, of the
edition of 1603. It is, I believe, fur-
ther agreed that, in all these various
places, the poet signed " Shakspere."
Now the indestructible foundations
of Madden ism are erected upon these
admitted facts. We rest upon the coH'
tinned and consUtent vsage of the great
Bard himself, and upon his unvaried
signature of his own name upon all
occasions that have yet been disco-
vered. The signatures adduced
were written, it will be remarked, at
three different times; all but one were
affixed to legal instruments, which
men generally sign with more than or-
dinary care; and all of them were
written during a period, when it is ad-
mitted by the advocates of the e and
the a, that proper names were caprici-
ously varied by their owners in a most
fantastical manner. If, therefore,
there had been any want of uniformity,
it would have been far from extraordi-
nary ; irregularity of signature was the
thing to be expected, and the unifor-
mity is, consequently, the more re-
markable and the more cogent. With
a name, which Mr. Hunter tells us,
was written in ten or twelve various
forms daring the poet's life, time,
Shakspere, as far as we know, never
varied, Superior to the coxcombry
Y
162
On the Orthography of the name of ShaJcsjyere,
[Feb.
and affectation of his time, and as if
to rebuke succeeding generations by
anticipation, he wrote " Shaksperc,"
and what he wrote we follow.
And now, what arc the objec-
tions brought against us? The first
which I shall notice is, that Shakspere
has not a pretty sound ; it is not eupho-
nical ; it is a mere " dialectical or-
thoepy ;" it is Warwickshire and not
Middlesex; it is "unmusical to London
ears, and harsh in sound to " — Mr.
D'Israeli's.
I cannot but regret that so re-
nowned a name should offend any
one, but, with all submission to those
who maintain this opinion, I would
remind them that we are not seeking
to malce a name but to find one, and,
when we have found it, it is rather
harsh usage to "jeer and flout it thus,"
merely because it does not happen to
agree with the mincing speech of
" those who never walk further than
Finsbury." Consider, Gentlemen,
whether the Bard himself has not
Bounded the very heart of your objec-
tion, and discovered that it arises not
so much from the discordant character
of this name of names as from the cir-
cumstance of your ears being unaccus-
tomed to it. You have been cradled in
Shakespeare — nursed in Shakespeare
— you have grown up in Shakespeare,
and it is no light matter that
'* Can chase away the first conceived
sound;"
but try it again, — " use will breed
a habit in a man," and, by way of
dissipating any little prejudice, let
your imagination follow the poet
from the polite circles in which Mr.
Hunter thinks he was known as
"Mr. Shakespeare," to the office of
the scrivener who prepared the con-
veyance and the mortgage, and see
him there subscribing "Shakspere"
to the formal documents throughout
which the man of business had spelt
the name as you would have it ; go
with him from the Fortune, or the
Globe, where he no doubt had some
more familiar appellation, to the study
in w^hich he gave birth to the enchant-
ments of Prospero, and behold him
consigning to immortality the book
which lent a feeble help to his imagi-
nation by inscribing that name which
you term " a provincial corruption "
upon its fly leaf. If Shakspere, with
a short sharp sound, be Warwickshire,
and the attenuated Shakespeare, Me-
tropolitan, the uniformity of our
poet's adherence to the former evi-
dences an attachment to home, to fa-
mily, and to the sounds and recollec-
tions of his birth-place, which no
fashion, no friendship with those who
would " smooth his name," could era-
dicate ; it, in effect, converts these sig-
natures into a protest by the poet
against that pretty-sounding name
which you would uphold.
The second objection I shall notice
is, that we ought to adopt Shakespeare,
because it is the true and genuine name,
accordant with the arms ; a spear, the
point upwards : by which I understand
that the name, whatever may have
been its origin, was primarily com-
pounded of the two words which are
now spelt shaJce and spear,
I do not perceive that the arms are
any authority for the first syllable, and
they are very little for the second,
but let that pass. If the argument
from the supposed origin be worth any
thing, it is equally good when applied
to other names, as to that of Shakspere,
and, if so, whither would it lead us ?
We ought to bring back all proper
names to their original elements. The
Smyths, and the Smythes, and the
Smithes must be told — "Gentlemen,
you are all wrong ; such orthography
IS evidence of a dialectical orthoepy ;
your names are Smith." The Dean
and Chapter of Westminster, instead
of being hooted, as they deserve to be,
for taking up the fine old stone of me-
morial inscribed, " O rare Ben Jon«
son," and putting in its place, a trum-
pery piece of modern masonr)' bearing
"O rare Ben Jo/mson," should be
lauded to the skies as the restorers of
the true and genuine name. John
Locke should descend to our posterity
with the barbaric curt shock of Lock ;
Sir Thomas Browne should become
plain Brown; and Coke be degraded
into " Cook." If we are to " syllable
men's names" after this rule, what is
to become of tlie Seymours? the
Bohns ? the Moons ? the Hammonds ?
the Fosters ? and innumerable others.
If this be the law, " chaos is come'
again," and all our names must go
into the melting pot in search of their
primary elements.
1840.] On I fie Orthography (if the name of Shakspere.
IGa
Again, if" true and gcnuiac " is to
be the rule, how can Shakespeare be
shewn to have more truth or genuinetiess
than Shakiq^ere^ Both arc presumed
to be compounded of a part of the verb
scacan and the substantive apcre, and,
if so, the difference between them is,
not that one is true and genuine and
the other not so, but, that whilst both
are true and genuine, that for which I
contend is merely an earlier form of
both the original words. I know it is
now called dialectical and barbaric, and
several other hard names, but it is not
the less true that in the progress of our
language — not the language of a pro-
vince, but that of the country — there
was a time when the words now spelt
s/iake ttpear assumed the forms of ahak
spere, and that that time was anterior
to the period of their being found in
the forms of shake speare.
And this leads us to another ques-
tion,— if we are to resolve names into
what is presumed to be true and
genuine, to what form in which that true
and genuine is expressed are we to give
the preference f Is it to be the earliest
form ? the form contemporary with
the individual spoken of? or the
modem ? It is obvious that the advo-
cates for Shakespeare must contend for
the contemporary, as their adopted is
not the earliest form of either syllabic,
nor the modern form of the latter.
What follows ? If the contemporary
form is to be the rule in Shakspere's
case, so ought it to be in all others.
Family names must fluctuate according
to the fluctuations of the words of
which they arc presumed to be com-
posed, and a man roust resign his
name — perhaps all that he has derived
from his ancestors — as soon as public
taste, or want of taste, has modern-
ised the orthography of its component
parts. The son's name will differ from
his father's, the grandson's from both,
and confusion worse confounded will
be the issue.
I am now led to a third objection,
which is, that the poet himself considered
his name to he Shakesjieare, This is
rather a bold assertion in the teeth of
his own consistent signature, but let
tis examine the (juration. The proofs
adduced are the first editions of his
Poems, and especially that of his Rape
of Lucrece, " printed by himself [#. e,
by Richard Fteld for John Hairivon}
in 159-4," a copy of which was before
Mr. D'Israeli at the time of his writing,
and seems to have excited him almost
to ecstasy. No doubt it was to the
influence of that enchanting editioprin-
cej)s that we are indebted for the burst
of enthusiasm in which Mr. D'Israeli
denies the possibility of his ever for-
saking his first love, and protests that,
whilst a drop of ink circulates in his
pen, he will continue loyal to the c and
the a.
I think of Benedick and hope better
things, but the point before us relates
not to inward opinions, but to outward
evidence. The affection of your heart
of hearts, Mr. D'Israeli, may remain
firm to Shakespeare, but do you not
think it possible that you may yet
stand before the world in such a po-
sition as to lead men to believe that
you approve what you have told us you
condemn? You, of whose life no
small part has been spent amongst
printers, — and I shall ever express my
satisfaction that such has been the
case, and my gratitude to you for much
amusement and instruction, — you know
very well that we are not our own
masters in these matters ;
** There -are compositors who spell our
words,
Rough-write them as we will."
I need not tell you how entirely
those gentlemen will sometimes thwart
our very best intentions ; but lest, in
your enthusiasm for the e and the a,
you arc inclined to overlook this first
principle of the practice of literature*
I will give you a case in point. Turn
to the last edition of your own Curi-
osities of Literature, very lately pub-
lished in one volume Svo. and there, at
p. 137, you will find an article in the
heading of which there is an instance
of the " barbaric curt shock " of Shak,
under the sanction of your own name.
The same dialectical barbarism — as you
esteem it — is repeated five times in that
article, and, perhaps, many other times
in other parts of the book, but 1 have
not searched for them. Do 1 blame
you for this ? certainly not. 1 am per-
fectly satisfied that you wrote Shake-
speare as plain as a pike-staff. Your
truth, faith, and loyalty are pledged to
the fact. The rogues of printers did
it til. By their abominable artifice
you have been brought into tbt« vcrjr
164
On llie Orthographt/ of the name of Shaksperc,
[Feb.
PistoMike predicament, and made to
look at least half like one of the
wicked.
With this instauce of printers' in-
iquity before you, will you still con-
tend for the practice of Shakspere*s
printer in preference to his own?
Surely not.
But you say " these first editions
were doubtlessly anxiously scrutinised
hy the youthful Bard,** The conjec-
ture is a good conjecture — on your side
of the question. I will imitate your
example — a man, you know, may fol-
low St. Augustine in anything — and
weave a conjecture on the side of Mad-
denism, and it shall be this : that the
Bard, like all other young bards, was
obliged to submit to his publisher a
great deal more than he liked ; that
the publisher, being of your opinion,
denounced the usage of Warwickshire
as ungenteel, dialectical, provincial,
barbaric, and what not ; declaring that
poems written by a fellow with such a
hideous name would never go down ;
and that, in the end, the Bard, although
retaining his own opinion, was com-
pelled to give way in a matter which
he thought was of trifling moment,
inasmuch as even in printing, as Mr.
Hunter has shewn, there was at that
time the utmost indifference in the or-
thography of proper names. But how
did he write it in that Dukedom-largc-
enough, his library, where no publisher
stood in the way ? Shakspere. How,
when his genius had given him liberty,
and two gowns, and every thing hand-
some about him ? Shakspere. Shall
we prefer the testimony of a book
which he may have objected to, or
may not have seen until it was printed
off, to the unvarying signature of the
same hand which wrote Hamlet and
Othello ? A question not to be asked
by a Maddenite.
We are next told that Shakespeare
was the pronunciation of the literary
metropolis, and in support of that as-
sertion there are produced various con-
temporary puns! Mr. Hunter refers
to Greene's shake scene, Mr. D*lsraeli
to Bancroft's shook thy speare, and
these, the quibbling witticisms of men
belonging to a class who notoriously
twist words and meanings as they
please, — men whose art consists in the
sacrifice of sense to sound, — arc gravely
adduced as evidences of the true and
the genuine! The argument from
printers is startling enough, but that
from punsters is most extraordinary 1
" In the name of all the rogues at once,"
what is there that might not be estab-
lished if bad puns are to stand in the
place of good arguments ? If the far-
fetched and fantastical resemblances
conjured up by the fertile imagination
of a joker of jokes are to be taken as
props to an otherwise falling caase?
No ! No ! puns are excellent things to
stop an argument, or turn it, when it
becomes troublesome, but save me from
the task of establishing a point which is
to be made out by the evidence of small
jokes ! Can any one really think that
a punster would have paused in his
way towards the perpetration of one of
his iniquities to consider whether Shak-
spere was Provincial or Metropolitan?
But we are not to rest here. All
these, or the greater number of them,
are, as it were, arguments ab extra,
Mr. Hunter carries the war into our
own territory, and seeks to drive us
from our defences by two important
points, which he thinks have been
overlooked. The first is, that thepraC'
iice in writing of the individual is not
the proper guide to what should be the
present orthography, because if so, we
must change Grey into Gray or Graye,
when writing of Lady Jane Grey, and
other members of her family, who
used those variations. Now tnis is a
totally different case. Here is a well-
known family name, the orthography
of which was settled long before it
became the fashion to vary the spell-
ing of proper names according to the
caprice of the owner. It had existed
as Grey for more than two. hundred
years, through many generations, and
in many branches, before Lady Jane
arose to throw a new lustre around it.
She, as might be expected, followed in
the wake of the fashion, and varied the
name according to her fancy, but arc
wc to forsake the old path and follow
her : 1 write with submission when I
speak of the undeveloped doctrines of
Maddenism, but* it seems clear to me
that we ought not. Our principle is,
to set all fashionable folly at defiance,
and, therefore, we adhere to the old
name, which existed long before the
fashion, which has survived it, and I
trust never will become obsolete in a
country which it has so often adornedt
1840.]
On the Orthography of the name of Shakipere.
165
The case of Shaksperc is altogetlier
diflferent. It is not au old, well known,
and well established name, nor did its
owner bend to the vagaries of the time.
It is evident therefore, that his case
mu:it be judged by totally different rules.
Mr. Hunter's second point is, that
the practice qf the individual is not the
jtroper guide, hecau$e, in the time qf
S!iake»peare, there teas the utmost in-
difference in respect of the orthography
of proper names, in writing especially,
hut even in printing also ; and he ad-
duces various instances, amongst
them that of Ualeigh, who is else-
where said to have written his name
seventeen different ways (Archaeolog.
XX ii. 174-) Here again the case is
totally different from Shakspere's.
He did not write his name several
different ways. If he had done so,
Maddenism could have had no exist-
ence. He was consistent, uniform,
and unvarying, and all arguments de-
duced from the practices of the incon-
sistent and the various arc therefore
totally inapplicable to him.
Mr. Hunter pro|K>ses the rule which
he would apply to this point, and it
is — the usage of poisons qf cultivation.
Usage, without a knowledge of the
foundation upon which it rests, seems
to mc to be a very questionable au-
thority for anything, only to be adopt-
ed in the solution of anomalous cases,
and never, in a case relating to the
orthography of a norus homo, to be pre-
ferred to the uniform practice of the
individual himself; but I have Dot
space to enter upon that question. In
reference to Mr. Hunter's canon I
shall, at present, content myself with
inijuiring — persons of what period?
I suppose the poet's contemporaries.
But we have been told that their or-
thography of proper names was va-
rious in the extreme ; how then can
we deduce a usage from them ?
Printers may be set against printers,
punsters against punsters, authors
against authors ; there is but one con-
isistcnt and uniform usage, that of the
poet himself,^ and that we are to ex-
* AinuDgit approaches to usage, the
nearest that I have observed is in the
Stratford Register. There are 30 entries
ill which the name of Shakspere occurs
between 155H and lb\M, and of these ^
agref with thepotVs signature, inclodiDg
elude. And why ? was not he a person
of cultivation ? I know Mr. Hunter's
respect for Shakspere, I know the
advantages which Shakspercan lite-
rature has reaped, and is likely to
reap, from his researches, too well,
to think that that was his meaning.
And now, if 1 have not exhausted
time, space, patience, — everything^-
one word as to pronunciation. All the
arguments I have noticed proceed
upon the supposition that Shakspere
must, of necessity, be pronounced
differently from Shakespeare : is that
quite clear?
The second syllable will be sound-
ed the same in both cases. The
e final is silent, and 1 find, in the only
Pronouncing Dictionary I can refer to,
(Johnson and Walker, edited by
Jameson, Pickering, 1827) that spettr
is to be pronounced spere. The only
difference therefore is, that, in Mad-
denism, the second syllable is spelt
as it is pronounced ; in the contrary
system, it is not so.
As to the first syllable, I am well
aware that the mute e at the end of a
syllable is, generally speaking, neces-
sary to produce the long, slender
sound of a; as in hate, rate,*&c.
This is the general rule ; but we all
know that, in pronunciation, usage
does establish exceptions to rules, and
what has been the usage in the days
of our darkness whilst we have been
going on spelling the word £fAai(rspeare f
Who, until very lately, has ever pro-
nounced the word as if it were Shaek^
spear? No one. Why then should
we now begin ? The orthography may
be amended whilst the pronunciation
remains unaltered, and the usage,
anomalous as it is, is sufficient au-
thority with reference to a tyliable
which is itself anomalous.
Two more last words and I haTC
done. Firitt, I ought to state that,
whilst writing upon this subject, I
have abstained from any communi-
cation with Sir F. Madden ; and,
second, I have endeavoured to give
utterance to opinions diflferent from
the entries of his baptism, and burial,
and ending with that of the borial of his
widow. 'The other three entries are all
** Sbakspeare." (Bosweirs Sbakspeare,
ii. (>10.)
IGG
iShakespeare a Tempest and Lampedusa.
[Feb.
those of gentlemen, all of \\'liom 1
know and respect, and some of whom
I am proud to call my friends, in such
manner as shall not give offence. I
know how difficult it is to do this,
and I cannot conclude without ex-
pressing my hope that I have not un-
awares, in the warmth of argument,
been betrayed into anything which
may seem inconsistent with the regard
and esteem I entertain for every one
of them.
Yours, &c. John Bruce.
Mr. Urban, Jan. 13.
WHILE the cautious and critical
readers of Shakespeare and the persons
best acquainted with the literature of
the period, suspend their judgment, or
assent but in part to the new views
-which I havejust presented to the world
on the date, scene, and origin of The
Tempest, there is another class who
come at once into my views, but who
would persuade the public that the ma-
terial points were known before.
I regard this as no mean proof of
the value and importance of those
views ; and I am too well acquainted
with the history of literature and
science not to know that this is one of
the most usual forms in which a spi-
rit which I need not particularly indi-
cate is accustomed to manifest itself.
It is, perhaps, the wisest and best
course to leave such kind of attacks
unnoticed. Nevertheless, committing
the worthier class of critics to time and
the effect of the arguments by which
my conclusions are supported, 1 beg
leave, with j-our permission, to make
a few remarks on the assertion which
I find in Mr. Knight's Pictorial Shak-
spere (as he chooses to print the
name), that I have been anticipated
in the two material points of the
icene and the date ; and the rather as
the point is matter of fact, some por-
tion of which I can perhaps better ex-
plain than any other person.
And, first, in respect of the Scene, —
1 have stated as plainly as frankly,
and as I thought as handsomely as
could be done, that I received the first
suggestion of the identity of the island
of Prospero with the island of the
Mediterranean, called Lampedusa,
from Mr. Kodd. " I am bound to
acknowledge, and I do so with great
pleasure, that I received many years
ago, the first suggestion of the idea*
tity of the island of Prospero with
Lampedusa, from one whose in-
timate acquaintance with books and
their contents is well known to
all who have the pleasore of his ac-
quaintance; I mean Mr. Rodd, the
very ingenious, liberal, and respect-
able bookseller in Great Newport
Street." P. 32. I had no design or
wish to conceal it. He mentioned it
to me in conversation in April 1831 ;
that is, that he had met with a manu-
script account of a voyage in the Me-
diterranean in which Lamped asa is
called the Enchanted Island, which is
the manuscript alluded to by Mr. Col-
lier (to whom also he had mentioned
it) in his Further Particulars respect-
ing Shakespeare, just published, p. 63,
and that this, according to my present
recollections of the conversation, led to
the suspicion that this was the island
which Shakespeare had in view, which
suspicion was strengthened by what
he found in the Turco-Gretda. This
was the suggestion to which I al-
lude ; and had I not received it,
I think it very improbable that I
should have thought of the iden-
tity. But the following out the sug-
gestion, the elaboration of the argu-
ment, the discovery of the points
of minute and critical resemblance, was
all my own ; and whether the argu-
ment is sound or unsound, and the
conclusions are just or the contrary,
Mr. Rodd is not in any way answer*
able for them.
The disquisition nearly in its present
state was written as long ago as 1831
or 1832. When Lampedusa was sug-
gested to me as the island, I had long
been persuaded that Tlie Tempest was
an early play, and that 7^^ Tmmest
and no other play must be the lArve
Labour's iron of Meres in 1598. The
only material additions which have
been made to the argument are those
derived from what is found in Aiiosto.
This discovery was recently made.
Whenever I have mentioned the
subject, or to whomsoever 1 showed
the dissertation, I have uniformly
mentioned from whom I derived the
first suggestion ; and I may add that 1
have received more than once an as-
\
1B40.]
The dale of ShaJce»peare*8 Tempest,
W
Bu ranee from Mr. Rodd that he had
no intention of pursuing the inquiry
and bringing the subject before the
public, which he might possibly have
done rooie satisfactorily than it has
been in my power to do, and I well re-
member reading to him some years
ago the greater part of the dissertation
as originally written. The announce*
ment of the publication of my Disser-
tation as a part of my intended New
Illustrations of the Life, Writings, and
Studies of Shakespeare, was made at
the close of my Three Catalogues,
which iVt)rk was published in 1837»
and the manuscript which was then
finished of the first work was soon
placed in the hands of a publisher.
I have heard from various quarters that
Mr. Douce was also persuaded of the
identity of the two islands, and that he
was brought to the opinion by reading
the account which Captain Smyth gives
of the island in his work published as
long ago as 18 19. Perhaps some of
your correspondents may be able to
explain the extent of Mr. Douce's
persuasion of this identity. My
own acquaintance with him was but
slight, and I have no recollection of
having heard anything from him on
the subject. Captain Smyth's account
of the island is by far the most curious
and useful to the purposes of this
inquiry, of the many notices of the
island which I have been able to coU
lect.
Vou sec, therefore, that I make no
claim to having first hit upon the
identity of the two islands ; but that
my claim in respect of the5ceii«> is this,
that I have been the first to bring it
before the public, and that I have
elaborated an argument by which,
as seems to me, a surmise and sup-
|)osition is converted into an es-
tablished fact, or at least into a proba-
bility of a very high order.
But in respect of the second of the
material points, the Date, I claim en-
tirely the merit, whatever it may be,
of having first discovered, and, iff may
be permitted to say so, proved it : and
this in direct opposition to all persons
who had published anything on the
subject. The date usually assigned to
it was iGlOor ICI2 ; at all events a pe-
riod later than I6O9, in which year the
^torro occurred to which Shakespeare
was thought to have particularly
alluded. I have endeavoured to show
that it was written in 1596, about
the time of the appearance of Sir
Walter Raleigh's account of the
Guiana voyage. Mr. Knight states
that in this I had been anticipated
by Mr. Coleridge, and he refers for
proof to what he calls Mr. Coleridge's
" masterly classification of 18 19/'
which was first given to the world in
his Literary Remains, which were not
published till 1836. " We regret,"
says Mr. Knight, " that Mr. Hunter
did not do justice to the h priori sa-
gacity of our great philosophical critic,
to whom unquestionably belongs the
' discovery ' of the date of the Tem-
pest." Now if Mr. Coleridge had
made the discovery, as Mr. Knight as-
serts he had done, since this was made
known only in 1836, it could not have
influencedanything which Ihad written
in 1832; and if I had found in his clas-
sification that he placed J%e TVmpeit
where I have placed it, assuredly I
should have been too happy not to have
supported my own conclusion by the
authority of so great a name, especially
as Mr. Coleridge would have arrived
at the same conclusion by some process
essentially different from that which
I had employed. But Mr. Knight has
made a most serious mistake in thus
representing Mr. Coleridge's opinion.
Mr. Coleridge does not refer the Tem-
pest to the year 1 596, nor, I venture
to say, to any year nearly so early. His
arrangement is of but little use to the
critical inquirer into the chronological
order, from the want of precise dates of
the commencement and termination of
his epochs. He divides the whole pe-
riod of Shakespeare's dramatic life into
five epochs, placing TTie Tempest in the
fourth of those epochs ; but if the fourth
epoch began so early as to include
the plays written in 1596, what have
we for the first, second, and third
epochs? But to put the matter at
once out of all question, Mr. Coleridge
places in the third epoch, which must
needs have preceded the fourth, the
Much ado about Nothing, the King
Henry the ¥\fth, and the King Henrg
the Eighth, which the merest novice
in this department of criticism knows
to have been all produced later than
1596.
Indeed, no longer ago than June last,
Mr. Knight, with the assistance of Mr.
1 68 Webster on Shakespeare. ^^Meaning of cfficial Maces 9 [Feb.
Roddf prepared some remarks on the
chronological order, which are printed
in the introductory notice to the King
Henry the Fifth of the Pictorial Shak-
spere. In these remarks, they dis-
tinctly themselves place The Tempest
among plays not produced before the
year 1603. The passage will be found
at p. 314. Whence this sudden con-
version to my date ?
Such then is ray plain answer to the
observations of Mr. Knight. But,
that my letter may not relate wholly
to matter in which I may be said to
have a personal concern, 1 shall claim
your ready allowance of anything
which tends to the illustration of our
great poet, for the insertion of a few
words respecting the orthography of
the name.
You were the first to publish the
bond which was entered into to save
the bishop harmless, if he granted his
licence to Shakespeare to contract ma-
trimony. I had previously seen the
Instrument, which .is under the care
of a most courteous and obliging
keeper, Mr. Clifton, having taken a
journey to Worcester for the express
purpose of seeing it, and making other
inquiries respecting the poet. What I
wish to remark is this : that the name is
there written Shaxspere, not Shagspere,
as in your copy, in the second of the
two instances in which it occurs. So
at least I read it. I think it has not
been observed, that the marks of
the two husbandmen, Sandell and
Richardson, are singularly coarse ;
coarser, I think, than the marks
of marksmen of that period usu-
ally are, as if they belonged to the
very rudest part of the population ; and
I can scarcely forbear coming to the
conclusion that Shakespeare, then a
youth of but eighteen, was rudely
dragged by them as a victim to the
altar.
I give you also a contemporary
authority for the old and better ortho-
graphy, in a passage which, though it
has been quoted, has been little used.
** Detraction is the sworn friend to Ig-
norance. For my own part I have ever
truly cherished my good opinion of other
men's worthy labours ; especially of that
full and heightened stile of Master Chap-
7
man*8, the laboured and imderstanding
works of Master Jonson, tht no lets
worthy composores of the both worthily
excellent Master Beaumont and Master
Fletcher ; and lastlvi (without wrong last
to be named,) the right happy and copious
industry of M. Shake^eare, M. Decker
and M. Heywood, wishing what 1 write
may be read by their light; protestiiig
that in the strength of mine own judg-
ment I know iSktm so worthy, that
though I rest silent in my own work, yet
to most of theirs I dai^ (without flat-
tery) fix that of Martial — nan nonmt ktec
monumenta mori.**
These words, besides the evidence
they afford of the orthography of the
name, and the testimony which they
present of the estimation in whicn
Shakespeare was held among his con-
temporaries, are highly honourable
to him who wrote them ; and his
name must not be withheld— -it was
John Webster. They occor in the
preface to his White Devil, which was
first printed in 1612, though I quote
from the edition of 1 63 1 . With such
men against it as D'Israeli, Dyce,
and Collier, there is no danger of
the unsightly Shakspere keeping its
ground.
YourS) &c. JosEPu Huntbr.
Mr. Urban,
/■n. 3*
A MACE is laid before the Speaker of
the House of Lords, also before the
Speaker of the House of Commons, and
one, I believe, before the Lord Chan-
cellor in his court; and ill Corpora-
tions possessing a Court of Record
seem to be possessed of a mace ; yet I
can find no mention of such insignia in
in any of their Charters.
Can any of your readers give a clue
to the meaning of this symbol, when used
as an emblem of office ? It has struck
rae, that, as it is not used in the King*8
Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer
Courts, in which I beUeve the sovereign
is by a fiction of law supposed to preside
in person, but in the courts b^ore men-
tioned, in none of which courts is the
King presumed in law to be present
in person, it is possible the mace
may be an emblem of the delegated au-
thority of the Crown to hold a Court of
Record. I shall be glad if any of your
correspondents can elucidate this sub-
ject. T. T.
169
REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Life and Correspondence of M. S.
Lewis, Esq. Author of the Monk,
iJj-c. 2 vols. Svo.
WHO would not wish to know
something of the personal history of
the author of the Monk, and Alonzo
the Brave, and the Castle Spectre, and
Timour the Tartar, and the Cat King,
and Fire King, and the " Grim White
Woman, and the Gay Gold Ring," and
many other tales of wonder and
fear, which filled a few years ago all
the drawing-rooms and saloons of
London with panic terrors, and co-
vered the platform of the stage with a
pageantry, and marvellous machinery
unknown before? For many years
Monk I^wis, for so he will always be
called, was a bright star of second or
third magnitude, in the best society ;
familiar with nobles, caressed by
Princesses, and deified by all melo-
dramatic actors and actresses. He
waA a person of easy fortune, and in
the latter part of his life affluent;
quiet and elegant in his tastes and
amusements; fond of music, pictures,
poetry, verses, china, lap-dogs, and
looking-glasses, and similar delicim
intnf otiostp. He possessed too, some
great and unquestionable virtues. To
his mother, whose life was somewhat
unfortunate, he was uniformly most
dutiful, attentive, and liberal, antici-
pating and supplying her wants, and
forgiving the eccentricities and petu-
lancics of her temper ; he was a kind
master to his domestics ; and, as re-
gards his conduct to his slaves, the be-
nevolence uf his heart was shown in
practical acts of the wisest and best
kind ; and indeed great part of his
will is employed in securing to them
by law, the privileges and advantages
which he had bestowed on them, after
he became personally acquainted with
their condition. We have no autho-
rity for liestowing on him the still
brighter wreath which is formed of
the unperishing flowers of Christian
Gknt, Mao. Vol, Xill.
faith and hope ; for the nature of his
works must forbid this, and nothing in
his personal history supports it. He
was a man of society and of the world,
quick, clever, (for he wrote the co-
medy of the East Indian before he was
16,) as necessary in a drawing-room
as an ornament of Sevres china ; could
write extemporaneous poetry,— not
very good in general, but occasionally
rising into excellence ; could repeat a
tale, or point an anecdote with neat-
ness and grace ; but with all this, a lit-
tle tiresome occasionally, and some-
what whimsical. With regard to the
£ resent volumes, we presume that they
ave been composed of the best mate-
rials which could be procured, which
is Mr. Lewis's correspondence, chiefly
with his mother. But they throw but
little light on his own history; and
their publication at all, (seeing that
they turn entirely on domestic matters
of rather a painful nature) perhaps is
to be lamented ; neither are the letters
themselves distinguished by any bril-
liancy of thought, cleverness of com-
position, or interest of anecdote. Still
they will render the future biography
of Mr. Lewis, whenever it may be
composed, more circumstantial in
some points, and more copious and au-
thentic than it would have been
without their assistance. We shall
run rather lightly, pede currenie,
through the volume, extracting a few
things which may afford amusement*
among the subjects of the memoir, or
those mentioned in it.
Vol. I. p. 19* we meet with a more
circumstantial account of the charac-
ter and melancholy death of Miss
Ray, than we before knew.
** Mrf. Lewis, the mother of Mr.
Lewis, dined st Lord Sandwiches in com-
pany with Miss Ray on the very evening
of her fatal visit to the theatre. Daring din-
ner she seemed unusually depressed in spi-
rits. When the carriage was announced,
and she was a4justing her dress, Mrs.
Lewis made some remark on a boiutifol
Z
170 Review.— it/1? and Correspondence ofM. S. Leans, Esq. [Feb.
rose which Miss Ray wore in her bosom.
Just as the words were uttered, the flower
fell to the ground. She^ stooped to re-
gain it, but, as she picked it up, the red
leaves scattered themselves on the carpet,
and the stalk alone remained in her hands.
The poor girl, who had been depressed in
spirits before, said, * I trust I am not to
consider this as an evil omen.' But, soon
rallying, she expressed to Mrs. Lewis in a
cheerful tone her hope that they would meet
again after the theatre, a hope that was
never realised. OfMiss Ray's origin many
different accounts have been given. The
true one, however, is that Lord Sand-
wich first noticed her when very young
in a shop in Tavistock Street, where she
served at the counter, and being struck
with the intellectual expression of her
countenance, as well as with its singular
beauty, he took charge of her future edu-
cation; and engaged for her the best mas-
ters, especially in music ; so that she
soon came out as a singer at his musical
parties, when his Lordship, who was, as is
well known, very formal and precise, used
to perform on the kettle drum. This young
girl conducted herself so well, under
most awkward circumstances, that a
Bishop's wife (Mrs. Hinchliffe) thus ex-
pressed herself in her favour. ' I was
really hurt to sit opposite to her ; to mark
her discreet conduct, and vet to find it
improper to notice her. She was so as-
siduous to please, — was so very excellent,
—yet so unassuming, I was quite charmed
with her ; yet a seeming cruelty to her
took off the pleasure of my evening.*
The history of her tragical end is shortly
this. Miss Ray was entirely dependent
on Lord Sandwich's bounty, but she
bad no settlement or provision made for
her, and she was, out of delicacy, obliged
to refuse advantageous offers made to her
from the theatres. A gentleman named
Hackman was introduced at one of the
musical parties to Miss Ray, an attach-
ment commenced, and subsequently a cor-
respondence. From a wish to be in circum-
stances enabling him to marry, Hackman
exchanged the army for the church, and
obtain^ the living of Wyverton, in Nor-
folk : but while this was in progress. Lord
Sandwich found reasons to place his fa-
vourite under surveillance, and the corres-
pondence was consequently stopped. Hack-
man attributed this to Miss Ray's caprice
or infidelity. He became exasperated at
her coldness. The fatal night, having
made himself half frantic with liquor, he
stationed himself at the door of the the-
atre, and, after having shot his victim,
•ndeavoured to deftroy himself. On
Miss Ray's astaetinatum bdng conveyad
to Lord Sandwich, hs stood for a
while petrified, till suddenly sdxinga can-
dle, he run up stairs, threw himself on a
bed, and in agony exclaimed, ' Leave me
for a while to myself, I could have borne
anything but this.'"
At p. 133, we find the following de-
scription of Mr. Lewis's life at the
Hague :
'' As for me, the Hague and the Dutch
are as insufferable as ever, but of Ute I
have cut the society of the place, umI got
into a very agreeable coterie, whidi as-
sembles every other night at tiie house of
one of the Severest women I erer met
with, a Madame de MadgnoA. 81m is
the daughter of the celebrated Baron de
Breterie, who lives with her. We hmre
also die Marquise de Brebanee, tht Plrin-
cesse de Leon, the Princesse de Mmit-
morencie, the Vicomte de BonviUe, the
Due de Polignac, the beau Dillon Tof
whom you must certainlv have hearo,)
and, in short, the very best society of
Paris. This, you must suppose, is plea-
sant : everybody is at their ease ; some play
at tric-trac, others work, others f9ni U
belle eonpertation ; and so well, witii so
much wit and novelty of thought, that I
was much entertained by it. Yoa will
easily conceive, that, after suoh sodatj,
the Dutch assemblies must be dreadfoL I
therefore seldom go near them, and, in-
deed, a late proof of their stupidity, would
have terrified a man possessed of more
courage than myself. An unfortnnato
Irishman, known by the name of Lord
Kerry, being the other night at one of the
Dutch assemblies, and quite oreroome
with its stupidity, 3rawned so terriUj that
he fairly dislocated his jaw ; it was im-
mediately set again, but he has saffered
much from the accident, and is stili oon-
fined by it to his bed. He is a man up-
wards of fifty, and conseauently most hars
been frequently ennuieil before ; but suoh
peculiar ennui was more than he had bar-
gained for, or had power to resist ; yon
may think this a made anecdote, but I
assure you that I have told you the plain
matter of fact. There is a Duchesse de la
Force here, a sort of idiot, whom I wish
you could see. She would entertain yon
very much ; her conversation is composed
of the same set of phrases, which she
vents upon all occasions. One of them
is, ' £t les details ?' She said the other day
without minding her question * or his
reply, ' Eh bien ! M. Dillon, y a-t-il
quelques nouvelles?' ' 11 n'y en a pas,
Madame.' ' Vraiment I et les d/*tails ?*
When they told her that the Queen of
France was dead, she asked for the ' d^
tails.' She would make an tzoellent cha-
racter in a comedy," &c.
V
1 810.] Retirw. — Life and Correspondence of Hi. S, Lewis, Esq, 1 7 1
At p. 213 we find the following lu-
tiicrous anecdote relating to a cele-
brated actress of the time, whose mind
appears to have been temporarily over-
set by what Sheridan called '* the
whole regiment of ghosts " in the Ca$-
tlc Spectre.
"The terrors inspired by the Spectre
were not confined to Drury Lane; but, as
tlie following anecdote shows, on one oc-
casion they even extended considerably
l)t7ond it. Mrs. Powell, who played
Kvelina, having become, from the number
of representations, heartily tired and
wearied with the character, one evening,
on ret anting from the theatre, walked
listlessly into a drawing-room, and throw-
ing herself into a seat exclaimed, * Oh !
this ghost, this ghost ! Heavens 1 how the
ghost torments me !' ' Ma'am,* uttered
a tremulous voice from the other side of
the table. Mrs. Powell looked up hastily.
* Sir,* she exclaimed, in nearly the same
tone, as she encountered the Ml eounte-
naiict* of a very sober-looking gentleman
opposite, * ^^Tiat — what was it you said,
Ma'am ?' ' Really, Sir,* replied the as-
tonished actress, * 1 have not the pleasure
of — Why, good Heavens I what have
they been about in the room ?' * Madam,*
continued the gentleman, ' the room it
mine, and 1 will thank you to explain.'
* Your*,* screamed Mrs. Powell, 'surely,
Sir, this is number 1.* No, indeed.
Madam,' he replied, ' this is number 2 ;
and really your language is so very extra-
ordinary, tliat' — Mrs. Powell, amidst her
confusion, ctmld scarcely refrain from
hiughter ; 'Ten thousand pardons,* she said,
* the coachman must have mistaken the
house. I am Mrs. Powell, of Drury
LAne, and have just come from perform-
ing the Castle Spectre. Fatigue and ab-
sence of mind have made me an uncon-
scious intruder ; I lodge next door, and I
lio)H' you will excuse this unintentional
alarm I have occasioned you.' It is almost
ntedless to add that the gentleman was
much relieved by this rational explana-
titm, and participated in the mirth of hia
niM'turnal visitor as he |>olitely escorted
her to the street-door. * Good night,*
said the still laughing actress, ' and I hope
Sir, in future, 1 shall pay more attention
to number one,' "
At p. 236, arc a few lines from the
poem of the "Captive," which wc men-
tion, because it appears to us that
they gave, as it were, the key note to
the stvle of Crabbers fine poem of " Sir
Kustace Gray." The settled melaD-
chuly of the feeling gives a deep
impression to the somewhat common
and familiar words,
*' Stay, gaoler, stay, and hear my woe !
She is not mad, who knells to thee.
For what Tm now, too well I know,
And what I was, and what should be.
I'll rave no more in proud despair.
My language shall be calm, though sad ;
But yet I'll firmly, truly swear,
I am not mad ! I am not mad I
*' A tyrant husband forg*d the tale
Which chains me in this dreary cell I
My fate unknown my friends bewail —
Oh I gaoler, haste, that fate to tell.
Oh ! haste my father's heart to cheer ;
That heart at once * twill grieve and glad
To know, though kept a captive here,
I am not mad ! I am not mad 1
" 'Tis rare a dream ? some fancy vain !
I — I, — the child of rank and wealth ;
Am I the wretch who clanks this chain,
Depriv'd of freedom, friends, and health?
Oh 1 while I count these blessings fled,
Which never more my hours shall glad ;
Now aches my heart, now boms my head,
But 'tis not so ! I am not mad."
Among the intimate friends of Mr.
Lewis, was the amiable but eccentric
Lady Cork, who, in this respect, was
of a disposition something like his
own.
" Nothing delighted her Ladyship so
much as to be surrounded by odd people
of every description. No matter in what
line of absurdity they excelled : the very
grave — the very gay — the very clever —
the very dull — all naid charms in the eyes
of Lady Cork. Yet she was a person of
a highly cultivated mind, and found great
pleasure in the society of men of letters :
and many of the leading literary men of
the day were frequent and welcome vi-
sitors at her house. Her Ladyship took
a great fancy to Mr. Thomas Moore,
then in the zenith of popularity, and the
darling of the day, and one evening took
it into her head to gratify her guests
with some passages of dramatic reading.
Mr. Moore was the fascinating medium
selected for this * (low of soul,* upon
which, it seemed, the lady had set her
heart,but against which it proved the gentle-
man had set his face : he was exceedingly
sorry — ^was particularly engaged — had,
besides, a very bad cold — a terribly ob-
stinate * hoarseness ; * and declared all
this with an exceedingly ' good-evening *
expression of countenance. Her Lady-
ship was puzzled how to act, till Lewis
came to her relief ; and in a short time
18 10.] Review.— L//e atid Correspondence of M. S. Leivis, Esq. 173
most a passion for mirrors ; and Barnes,
as well a^ the apartments he afterwards oc-
cupied in the Albany, had a profuse, though
tasteful display of these, as well as an un-
usual quantity of exquisitely finished bijou-
terie, and of the most unique and classical
representations. For seals, also, his pen-
chant was peculiar. He was continually in-
venting new mottoes and devices, until, at
last he possessed a stock that might have
furnished the windows of a jeweller's shop.
His miniature grounds were laid out with
the greatest taste and beauty. On the
lawn before the cottage were two finely
finished statues of bronze ; one a Cupid in
the act of flying from a pedestal, on which
was engraved the following lines from his
pen —
Tlionj^h ap-c intrudr, with frown repelling'.
Love, while I live, shall share ray dwelling;
* B<'!fone, vain boy ' — should stoics cry.
Just gpread your wings, but never fly.
** The other, a figure representing For-
tune, was grasping a purse, and standing
upon a globe. On the pedestal of which
was written :
Ia) ! in my hand a purse of gold.
And at my feet the world behold !
i'(»r they, whom FortuneN favours greet,
Still find the world is at their feet," &c.
Wc arc now approaching the termi-
nation of our history. "When, at the
death of his father, Mr. Lewis came
into possession of the Jamaica Estates,
his sense of duty, as well as his feel-
ings of humanity, led him to make a
visit to his property. His book called
the " Journal of a West India Pro-
prietor,'* as well as these volumes, will
shew with what acts of kindness and
humanity his residence was marked,
and what improvements he made in
the condition of the poor enslaved
beings, that Providence had entrusted
to his care. After some interval a se-
cond visit was made ; and he left in his
will, that whoever should inherit his
Jamaica estates, should every third
year visit them in person ; and omit-
ting this, his right to them was for-
feited. In May 1818, heembarkedoa
board the Sir Godfrey Webster, under
the care of Captain Boys, on his
homeward voyage to England ; he had
been previously suffering from a slight
attack of yellow fever, and seemed from
his fif^t coming on hoard, restless and
irritable. Sea sickness of a violent
kind added to his illness. He grew
obstinate and more irritable, and instead
of remaining in bed, and allowing the
medicines to take proper effect, he
would rush upon deck, walk for hours,
and then return to his couch worse
than when he lefl it.
*' Continued retchings (writes a lady, a
fellow passenger) seemed to rack every
nerve in his body, and his groans of agony
pierced my very soul. Indeed I could
get no rest for his moanings. Every at-
tention was paid that kindness could de-
vise. We were all in a wretched state,
and the extreme heat of the latitude in
which we were, increased our distress.
At midnight, only six days after we sailed,
Mr. Lewis, in a paroxysm of agony, had
the ship's steward called up, and demand-
ed a dose of an emetic, feeling, as he ex-
pressed it, an insupportable load at his
stomach. Remonstrance was useless, and
in the hurry of the moment to comply
with his impatience, a strong emetic was
imprudently administered by the steward.
From that time the retchings were inces-
sant. I saw Mr. Lewis at mid-day on
the 13th, his sufferings were fearfuUy dis-
tressing; I think he was aware of his
danger, and some memoranda were writ-
ten from his dictation and sealed up. I
last saw Mr. Lewis, about nine on the
some evening, before I retired for the
night, and promised to call ont to those
who were watching in the outward cabin,
the half hours when he was to have a
medicine given to him. I did so : at ten
o'clock, I heard him say, ' I thank yon,
thank you.* All that night his groantf
were dreadful; I could only lie in my
berth and listen to them, for illness ren«
dered me powerless. By degncB his
moanings subsided into low convulsive
sobs : they grew fainter and fainter, and
became calmed into a gentle breathing, as
though the sufferer slept. I was worn
out, and lost all consciousness. From
this state of stupor, (for 1 can hardly call
it sleep,) I was roused by the steward, at
a little past four on the mfjp'ning of the
1 4th May, calling me by name. He came
to inform me that Idr. Lewis was no
more."
We roust not omit to mention the
account by the same writer, of the
circumstances that attended the com-
mittal of the body to the deep. Sin-
gular that this last scene of life's
drama should have had something
melo'dramaiic in its effect.
" With all the decencies that can be ob-
served on such ao occasion, the corpse of our
174
Review.-— Tarnbiiirs Austria.
[Feb.
lamented and regretted fellow-passenger,
haying been placed in a proper coffin, at
that impressive sentence in the form of
burial at sea, * We [commit onr brother
to the deep,' was gently lowered into its
ocean tomb. Never shall I forget the
sound of the splashing waters, as for an
instant the ingulphing wave closed over
his remains. The coffin, encased in its
shroud-like hammock, rose again almost
immediately ; — the end of, the ham.
mock having become unfastened, and the
weights which had been inclosed, escaping,
the wind getting under the canvas, acted
as a sail, and the body was slowly borne
down the current away from us, in the di-
rection of Jamaica. I remained on deck
straining my eyes to watch, as it floated
on its'course, the last narrow home of him
who had indeed been my friend ; till nearly
blinded by tears, and the distance that
was gradually placed between the vessel
and the object of my gaze, it became like
a speck upon the waters, and I saw it no
more.*'
Another account, given by a pas-
senger, agrees with this in its general
statements, especially in the striking
and singular scene last described.
Austria. By P. E. Turnbull, Esq.,
F,R,S., F,S.A. 2 vols.
WE are sorry that want of space
prevents our doing any justice to the
volumes before us, for in truth they
are recommended by many valuable
qualities; and certainly afford a far
more temperate, judicious, and correct
account of Austria, as to her govern-
ment, policy, civil and social institu-
tions, than we can elsewhere find.
The second volume contains a great
deal of valuable observation on all the
main subjects of internal government
and foreign policy, well arranged, and
with details sufficiently full ; the first
is occupied with the account of the
author's travMs in its different states,
and with a description of the scenery,
antiquities, and natural curiosities
which he visited.* Had we room for
extracts, we should be inclined to make
them from the author's graphical
description of the Saxon Swisserland,
* There is only one subject on which
Mr. Turnbull occasionally writes, of which
he is apparently quite ignorant : i. e. on
curious books. Under tiiat head, he has
made many blunders, and evidently he
has no knowledge of their rarity or value.
Schandau, and Probischer Thm*; wc
should take much from his accoant of
Bohemia ; but, perhaps, we have been
more interested with the description
of the Illyrian Provinces, the quick-
silver mines of Idria, the cavems of
Adelsberg, under which head we have
a fuller and better account of the iVv-
teu8 anguinus than we had before seen,
and the excursion to Pola. We have
read vvith attention the author'a ob-
servations in his second volumetmthe
government of Austria, and the con-
clusions to which he arrives respect-
ing its character; yet, hi^lj as we
estimate the correctness of his informa-
tion, and the candour and fairness of
his reasonings, we still think that be
views it in too favourable a light.
Great, indeed, beyond any past expe*
rience great, ought to be the blessings
bestowed by a government on its sob-
jects, which could compensate for the
cruel and somewhat capricious Uiral-
dom in which they are held. Great
caution, approaching to timidity, seems
to be its character, and the timid are,
by their very defect, apt to be unjust.
Then it appears that while the higher
nobles, the great feudal lords of Hon-
gary, are feared and respected ; while
the merchants and bankers, to whom
the state looks for pecuniary assist-
ance, are indulged; and while the
rights of the populace are respected
and their comfort assured ; the nobility
of a lower rank and less influence
are most injuriously harassed and ill-
treated, of tvhich Mr. Turnbull's book
gives some striking instances. The
system of espionage, too, whenever
liberal sentiments are suspected, is
most severe. Thus, as it were, this
;>a/er«a/ government seems tacitly to
confess that its existence is founded,
and its tranquillity maintained, on the
principle that its subjects should be
ignorant of the rights which their
fellow creatures possess and eqjoy, in
nations that have either never bent
their necks, or else have shaken off the
yoke of despotism. With all its cau-
tion we pronounce that this govern-
ment cannot last long ; it has internally
some great evils— the constitution of
Hungary being the first— and the state
of its financial affairs seems anything
but satisfactory. What may be the
manner in which the great moyement
1840.] Ri!TiEW.«--&Ia]colm'a Travelt in SotUh'EatterH Aria.
175
of change shall first appear in this
singular country we dare not say ; or
how far, when it comes, it may affect
the stability or prosperity of Austria
itself; but the prosperity of the revenue
and the improvement in the financial
system seems absolutely necessary to
preserve the good understanding be-
tween the people and government. A
heavier taxation would soon poison the
sources of the present content, which
seem to be little more than ease and
tlie means of enjoyment ; and com-
merce, which is now opening her
wings over the southern shores of the
empire, will bring with her her usual
freight ; not only supplying the body
with new conveniences, but the mind
with new ideas \ the thoughts that
come with her, will be free as the winds
that waft her to the shores : even now
along the Danube, the new channel of
communication has already baffled the
narrow jealousies of the state, and,
though the Austrian police can and do
prevent its subjects entering Hungary
by land, they cannot prevent them
visiting it whenever they like by water.
An Austrian, to see Hungary, must
take his passage for Constantinople ;
and he will quit his vessel at anyplace
he may think Ht. baffling emperor,
minister, and all his myrmidons.
Travpls in South- Eastern Asia, SfC.
Hy the Rev. H. Malcolm. 2 vols,
WK are indebted to the labours of
missionaries for some very valuable
works on countries so remote and so
uninviting, that religious zeal could
alone induce the stranger to make bis
habitation there. The trader, indeed,
touches at their shores ; but when he
has discharged his cargo and assured
his market, he quits them to continue
his speculations, without regard to
the country or inhabitants. Mr.
Malcolm has given us a very inte-
rettting work on the Burman empire,
Malaya, and Hindoostan, which will
repay perusal. In vol. I. p. 173-1 04,
the account of the vegetable produc-
titms, fruits, &c. of Burmah is tole-
rably copious. 1'he glory of its forests
is the teak tree (tectona grandis) ; it is
probably the most valuable timber in
the world. It has this advantage over
oak. that, while that has an acid which
destroys iron, this hat an etiential oil
which preserves it. Of oak, eight or
ten species are found in different parts
of the Upper Country, some of them
stately trees ; but tne abundance of
teak prevents its general use. The
natural history of Burmah is yet im-
perfectly known.
At vol. H. p. 26, the following cha-
racter of the Hindoos is given by our
author :—
** My personal knowledge of Hindoot-
tan and the Hindoos , though too limited to
authorize me to produce new opinions, is
abundantly sufficient to satis^ me of the
truth of portraits drawn by others. I read
much on both sides, and instantly marked
whatever tended to show up the native
character, and the tendency of Brah-
xninism ; and at every step was more and
more confirmed in the opinion of Lord
Teignmouth, whose personal knowledge
of India was extensive, that — ' the Gentoos
are as degenerate, crafty, litigious, and
wretched a people as any in the known
world, especially the common run of
Brahmins ;' and of Claudius Buchanan,
who pronounced the Hindoos to be des-
titute of honesty, truth, and justice ; and
of Sir James Macldntosb, quoting Sir W.
J ones* s opinion as his own, who, among
the evidences of their depravity, speaks of
the general prevalence of perjury, which,
perhaps, is a more certain sign of the
dissolution of moral principle than
other daring and ferocious crimes, and
much more horrible to the imagination.
Of the same mind with these distinguished
men was Forbes, the author of the Oriental
Memoirs. He says — * I cannot praise a
religion which encourages thousands,
perhaps millions, of idle vagabonds, who
practise no virtues, but under the mask
of piety, with a sort of stoical apathy and
Pharisaical zeal, undergo needless austeri-
ties and penances near their celebrated
. temples, or pervade the provinces of
Hindoostan> singly, or in large bodies, to
make depredation on the hard-earned
property of the poor villagers, and violate
the chastity of their wives and daughters,
under a cloak of sanctity or religious per-
faction.' Mr. WUkes, in hU HUtory of
Mysore, observes of the same people —
* The Hindoo character, like all others,
is of a mixed nature, but it is composed of
strange and contradictory elements. The
man who may safely be trusted for uni-
formly unfolding the whole truth to a
European, in whom he reposes confidence,
may be expected to equivocate, and even
to contradict, every word he has said, if
called on to repeat it in the presence of a
third person, whom he either teun or
suspects ; and in one of theie deforiptions
176
Review.— 'Agnew on the Pyramids of Gizeh,
[Feb.
he usually includes all strangers. The
same individual who from pique, and often
without any intelligible motive, will per-
jure himself without shame or compunc-
tion at a public trial, is faithful, kind, and
respectable in the intercourse of society."
Mr. Malcolm justly observes,
** that the whole contrariety of the
whole system of the Hindoos, to all mild-
ness, purity, benevolence, and peace, may
be seen on opening any of their sacred
books.*'
The account in the latter part of the
work of the missionary field in the
East is full of important information.
It appears that there are one hundred
and six distinct races of people in or
near the Burmah empire, each of
which demands a separate mission.
The author also has written very ju-
diciously on the measure of missionary
success, and the mode of conducting
missions.
Letters from Alexandria, on tlie practi-
cal application of tlie Quadrature of
the Circle, in the configuration of the
Great Pyramids of Gizeh, By U,
C. Agnew, Esq, 4to,
WE will just give the short sum-
mary of the question stated in this in-
genious dissertation.
" The most beautiful form of a Pyra-
mid is perhaps that which may be sup-
posed to be cut out of a hemisphere, and
is bounded by the planes contained be-
tween eight chords of DO", four in the
great circle constituting the square of its
base, and four others from the corners of
the square meeting at the pole. The focus
of such a Pyramid would of course be equi-
lateral triangles. The angles of the edges
with the diagonals of the base, would be
45'*, and the angle at the top formed by
opposite edges would be a right angle.
Such a Pyramid would be in fact the half of
the octahedron, one of the five regular
bodies inscriptible in the sphere.''
Why was neither of the great Pyra-
mids of Gizeh built of this form ? and
why was the second Pyramid made
steeper than the first ?
** Most people, (says the author,) ap-
pear to take it for granted, that the two
great Pyramids of Gizeh were built at the
same angle of elevation, and differed only
in size and not in shape ; but the French,
as well as Belzoni, had long ago given
measurements, the deductions from which
made the second Pyramid to be steeper
than the first. They do not, however,
8
agree in their statements of the differenee,
nor attempt to give a reason for the vari-
ation of the angles. The second Pyra-
mid does indeed appear a good deal
steeper to a good eye ; but as it still
retains the upper portion of its canng,
while the great Pyramid has lost all the
outer stones, and many feet of its top,
the observer is apt to suppose himself de-
ceived by these circumstances, and con-
cludes the Pyramids were of the same
shape ; but the truth is, the facet of the
second were really steeper than those of
the first, by one degree.
The angles of the comers of the great
Pyramid .... 41 • 28' 43*.
Of the second Pyramid 42** 35'
Of the third Pyramid ^
rather less than . . 52**
The angle of the faces with the plan of
the base,
Great Pyramid ... 51* 20* 1"
Second Pyramid . . . 52<» 25' 51"
Third Pyramid . . . 51» 50* 0*
The slope of the third Pyramid was appa-
rentlyalmost intermediate between the slope
of the first and second. Followingthe com.
mon fable, that each Pyramid has its own
peculiar builder, and that each was a se-
parate monument unconnected with its
neighbours, except by the casual conti-
guity of position, my first idea was that
the constructors of the first and second
(call them Cheops and Cephron) had
each built his Pyramid on the geometri-
cal plan most accordant with his concep-
tions of propriety, and that their successor
Mycerinus, finding his father's monument
too fiat, and his uncle's too steep, had dis-
covered, or believed he had discovered,
the rule of perspective, and formed his
Pyramid accordingly. This notion was
correct only so far, as that the third Py.
ramid was the most perfect geometrical
figure ; but if the deductions in the fol-
lowing pages be admitted, we must arrive
at the remarkable conclusion, that the
three great Pyramids of Gizeh were com-
ponent parts of one immense system, Mem-
bers of a vast united triad, each in itself
admirable, but all three so connected
with the first principle of the system, as
to form but one perfect whole. If then
in the contemplation of one of these sub-
lime structures, we are lost in astonish-
ment at the greatness of the undertaking,
how must one's wonder be increased when
we find that all were planned at once : that
before a stone of the great causeway was
laid, the precise proportions of the se-
cond and third Pyramids, as well as of the
first, were unalterably determined by the
necessary effect of- the rule which fited
the length and breadth of the causeway
itself." ^
\
1 840.] Review.— WodderapooD's Historic SUes of Suffolk. 177
The author then gives the result of
bis calculations on the two great Pyra*
mids, which was, " of the two perpen-
diculars being radii of circles, toge-
ther equal to the sum of the perime-
ters of the base." Yet the alliance of
these vast structures was still imper-
fect. The holy circle of the first dia-
gram, parent of the system, has none
of its essential attributes represented.
The squares of the bases of the two
Pyramids were squares of contact
only, but the peculiar square of rela-
tionship to each circle was still to be
looked for. The author felt persuaded
that the third Pyramid formed part of
the grand system, and that the cir-
cumstance mentioned by Herodotus,
&c., of the granite casing reaching only
half way up, had a special meaning ;
it ^as reasonable to conclude, that
this third Pyramid had its ^ze neces-
sarily determined by the proportions of
the first great Pyramid, or of the two
great Pyramids jointly. The angle of the
inclination of the forms he measured on
the granite stones, gave something
under 52% and it was evident that the
true angle, were it possible to ascer-
tain it with sufficient accuracy, would
be found to be 3\\ 51'. 14*. and that
therefore this Pyramid presented to
itself a perfection which neither of the
two great Pyramids separately poa-
sessed, viz : thai it$ perpendicular
was the radius of a circle, the circum-
fn-ence of which was equal to the square
of its base. For proofs of this, and of
the third Pyramid being a practical
squaring of the circle, and for some
other geometrical observations of much
curiosity, we must refer to the work
itself, the details of which it is impos-
sible to abridge.
Historic Sites, and other remarkable
and interesting Places in the County
of Suffolk. By John Wodderspoou.
8ro. pp, 300.
A VERY pleasing work of the same
character as this has recently ap-
peared from the pen of William
Howitt. to which we hope shortly to
pay attention ; but the less assuming
volume before us has a prior claim to
our notice, as it is certainly not an
imiution of Mr. Howitt's work. It
made its public appearance some
weeks earlier, and in fact, the papers
Gent. Mao. Vol. XIII.
of which it consists were commenced
in 1837. in "the Suffolk Literary
Chronicle."
It is devoted to the most interesting
spots of one county, a county which,
before the course of national events
was so uniformly concentrated to the
metropolis, partook in many a stirring
event, and gave birth and heritage to
some of our most remarkable historical
characters.
Some specimens of the very clever
woodcuts which form the embellish-
ments having been offered to our use,
we shall at once proceed to describe
the subjects which they represent.
The exterior walls of Framlingham
Castle are still complete, showing no
absolute breach at any point, though
in various conditions of decay or pre-
servation, its most striking feature is
the Gateway, (represented in the annex-
ed view,) which is approached by a
stone bridge thrown across the moat.
But after passing this archway, the
interior presents a dreary space of un-
occupied ground ; the chambers having
been carefully cleared away, and their
materials probably employed in the
construction of the parish workhouse,
which rears its naked front on the left
side of the area. This striking change
in the destination of Framlingham
Castle took place in the year 1/24.
Framlingham Castle is well known
as the place where Queen Mary ga-
thered up her strength on her accession
to the throne in the year 1553. That
Princess had, in fact, enjoyed the
neighbouring manor and mansion of
Kenninghall, with portions of the
Howard estates, during the whole
reign of her brother, having received
them from her father, on the attainder
of Thomas Duke of Norfolk. She
was, therefore, here in the midst of her
own tenants and dependants ; whilst
the friends of the disinherited Howards
would eagerly rally round her, in
support of a Princess of their own
religion. Framlingham, which had
been kept in the Crown during the
whole of Edward's reign, was imme-
diately restored to the Duke of Nor-
folk ; and, at the same time, or shortly
after, the Queen returned to him the
manor of Kenninghall. After this pe-
riod the latter place is supposed to
have been preferred as a residence to
the Castle of Framlingham, which
2 A
180 Review.— Wodderspoon'8 Historic Sites of Suffolk, {Fdbw
rested and murdered. The Duke of
Suffolk suffered a death of equal
violence four years after on the sea
between England and Calais. There
is in Wingfield Church an effigy which
has been ascribed to this Duke (why
does Mr. Wodderspoon say " Baron"?)
see Cough's Sepulchral Monuments,
ii. 249 ; but this is an error, for the
three effigies at Wingfield, all of which
are engraved in Stothard's Monu-
mental Effigies, belong to other gene-
rations of the family.
One of our author's subsequent
visits is paid to the Church of Fram-
lingham, and the magnificent monu-
ments it contains to several of the
house of Howard are each t brought
before the reader. The most inte-
resting of the whole, from the]! cha-
racter of the person it 'commemorates,
is that of Lord Surrey the poet, though
there is nothing very poetical in the
conception which the sculptor has
formed of his figure. It is in the or-
dinary guise of the sepulchral efllgies
of that time, with the stiffness, but
without the delicacy, of an earlier
age. It would have been much more
valuable, had it been contemporary, j
It was erected so late as the year
1614 (sixty-seven years after Surrey's
death) by his son Henry Earl of
Northampton, who is represented,
in youth, kneeling at the feet of his
parent, together with his brother the
fourth Duke ; their three sisters kneel-
ing at the other end of the monument.
An effigy of the Countess of Surrey (a
daughter of John Earl of Oxford) lies
by her husband's side (see a plate in
Loder's Framlingham, p. 299.)
Avery similar effigy in Framling-
ham Church of Thomas third Duke of
Norfolk (Lord Surrey*s father) is re-
markable for the collar which it ex-
hibits. It is a collar of the garter,*
but for the usual motto of honi soit
Qvi MAL Y PENSE, this is Substituted,
ORACIA. DEI SVM QVOD 8VM.
Before we leave this Church we may
mention that very good lithographic
drawings of the effigies of the three
Duchesses of Norfolk have been re-
cently printed in Mr. Howard's "Me-
morials of the Howard Family."
We must now very hastily glance
at the subjects of the other articles in
this work. They are, Fornham St.
Genevieve, and its battle in 1173;
Stanningfield, Ambrose Rokewood,
and Mrs. Inchbald ; Aldham Com.
mon, and the Martyr Stone, at which
Dr. Tayler was burnt in 1555 ; Wea-
thorpe Hall, the residence of Charles
Brandon, Duke of Suffolk; Ipswich,
including Wolsey, &c. &c. ; Rendles-
ham ; Redgrave ; Bury St. Edmund's,
including David Hartley, Bishop Gard-
ner, and George Bloomfield ; Wether-
ingset ; Haughley Castle ; Grimstone
Hall, and Cavendish the Voyager;
Bungay Castle ; Dunwich the Ruined
City ; Aldborough, the birthplace of
Crabbe, &c. &c.
With regard to Wolsey we mast
notice an error which has been often
committed before, but is here repeated ;
that his name was written Wuley.
This was not the case ; it was written
Wulcy, which, it will at once be per-
ceived, was a natural variation'in those
uncertain times of orthography, and
one not implying, as the former would,
a material change of pronunciation.
Our author deserves credit for having
assembled together the local notices of
Wolsey in connexion with his birth-
* Our author is quite in error when he talks (p. 197, 205) aboat the Duke
'* throwing aside his gorgeous collar of SS." and wearing ** one of a simpler
character." The ooUar of SS. was not gorgeous; nor had the Dnke probably
ever worn it ; nor did he actually throw aside his collar at all. The passage in p.
197 is a sad specimen of Mr. Wodderspoon's misplaced flights of eloquence.
1840.] Review.— Trawartioiw t)f the Koyal Society of Literature, 181
place and the foundation of one of his
colleges; but their arrangement might
have been much improved.
On the whole, we may remark that,
though the design and spirit of the
buok is good, its execution is not in
the best taste. The author's style is
generally inflated ; and many of his
expressions are extravagant and pre-
posterous.* His facts are frequently
^ inaccurate, as we have incidentally
shown, and we should not examine
other parts of the work without ma-
terially adding to the list.f We fear
Mr, Wodderspoon has proceeded on a
bad principle, that the interest of his
pages was to be derived from something
better than truth. This feeling breaks
out at the very commencement of his
preface ; his subjects had before "merely
received the notice of the precise to-
pographer or the pains-taking anti-
quary ;" nor had been " brought before
the world in any other guise than that
with which the soberest narrative
could invest them in the crude pages of
dull county historians ;" and he has not
gone further than p. 9* when he again
speaks of a " rude topographer, rum-
maging among his heap of stale facts
and miscellanies." Really, Mr. Wod-
derspoon must have forgotten that it
was to the topographers almost entirely
that he was indebted for the facts by
which bis essays have been suggested ;
that their province, though somewhat
different from his own, was, perhaps,
more useful if not so elegant ; that it
was his own part to reject such cir-
cumstances as were flat, stale, and un-
profitable, such as the holding of the
manorial court at Framlingham, and
such, we may add, as the foolish and
indelicate libels on Queen Mary in pp.
2, 20 ; and on Queen Elizabeth in p.
292. Above all, before he accused the
county historians of dullness, he should
have perused the pages of Whitaker,
Surtees, or Hunter, and those of the
historian (of alas ! too limited a por-
tion) of his own county, Mr. Gage
Rokewode. Having so far enlarged
his studies, bis opinions would pro-
bably undergo some change ; or if be
adopted the more inviting and accessi-
ble course of reading, as Sir Walter
Scott, Ainsworth, &c., he would
find that those who have been most
successful in the Romance of History,
have been the most diligent in build-
ing accurately upon recorded facts, and
roost ready to appreciate the services
of those who have provided them.
Transactions of the Royal Society of
Literature. Vol, IL Part IIL
WE notice the contents of the
above in their consecutive order.
On the Use of the Ancient Cycles in
settling the Differences of Chronologists.
By the Rev, Fred. Nolan.
" The Egyptians,*' according to Mr.
Nolan's opinion, " noc less than the
Chaldeans, possessed some knowledge
of the great planetary year, by which they
affected not merely to ascertain the final
destiny of the world, but to discover its
first origioal. Of the curiosity which
they possessed on this interesting subject,
and the method which they employed in
determining it, sufficient evidence appears
in the letter addressed to Ptolemy Phi.
ladelphus by Manetho ; who, equally with
Berosus, was invested with the sacerdotal
character. While that Memphite scribe
declares, that his reply was intended to
answer the inquiries of the monarch, * re-
specting the things which were to happen
in the world ; ' in professing to deduce
this information from the pillars which
had been inscribed by the mystagogue
Thoth, or the volumes of which he was
the reputed author, he points to the same
traditionary source from whence the Ba-
bylonian priest professedly derived his
knowledge. From the brief and imper-
fect notices which are transmitted to us
• A«, for instance, when he speaks of the '* rage of the ambition " of Queen Mary
(p. 19) ; the " demoniac passion of Henry VIII. for Anna Boleyn *' (p. 15) ; that the
Duke of Norfolk had ** rotted** for six years in prison (p. 24) ; that Sir Robert
Hitcham (p 202) ** yearned after a seat in the Legislature, and at length sat — ^for
West lAieV*
t Perhaps we ought to notice, as occurring in the pages from which we have quoted,
that '* Robert de Brotherton, son of Hugh Bigod/' (p. 7) is a person who was never
heard of before ; and in pp. 17 and 207 these two grievous anachronisms, that King
Edward the Confessor gave grants of arms, and that the fourth Duke of Norfolk was
father of an Earl of Carlisle. Again, in p. 99, a portrait of Judge Clench, who lived
in the reign of Elisabeth, is stat^ to have been painted by Holbein.
1 82 Review. — Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature. '[Feb.
A small plain, of somewhat more than a
square mile in area, opens here on both
sides of the torrent. A little way above
the village this torrent is a perennial
brook, and is now called the river of Ma-
rathon. The plain appears to have form-
ed the territory of Oinoe, one of the
towns of the Tetrapolis or Marathonian
district; and a spot where some relics
are >'isible, on one of the hills which in-
close it, retains the ancient name iiiioor«
rupted. The stream, now called the
river of Marathon, was itself anciently
known by the name of the torrent of
Oinoe ; and it is still remarkable for oc-
casional inundations, one of which gave
rise to a proverb ridiculing the folly of
the inhabitants of Oinoe, who, in attempt-
ing to irrigate their fields, had their lands
ruined by the torrent. A copious foun-
tain, surrounded by the marble blocks
of a splendid ancient basin, a rich vege-
tation of oleanders, a small cavern in the
neighbouring hill, and the name of Mara-
th6na, having drawn most travellers to
this spot, they were readily induced to
believe that they had found the town of
Marathon, the cavern of Pan, and the
fountain of Macaria, mentioned by Pan-
sanias, though the town and the fountain,
and perhaps also the cavern, are to be
sought for elsewhere.
" That part of the plain of Marathon
which lies to the south of the gorge from
which the torrent issues, seems always to
have been the most important. The
level ground becomes here considerably
broader, and intrudes itself into the
counter- fort of Mount Pentelicus, called
Aphorism6s. In the vaUey thus formed,
close to the precipices which border the
plain, over the southern part of which it
possesses a commanding view, is situated
the Monastery of Vrand Numerous re-
mains point this out as the site of an an-
cient town. The spot seems admirably
chosen for the barbarous capital of a little
state ; for on one side it commands the
richest part of the Marathonian plain,
and on the other it communicates imme-
diately with one of the best wooded and
finest hunting districts in Attica. Here
then Colonel Leake places that Marathon
which was the capital of one of the twelve
states into which the Attic commonwealth
was divided, previously to the time of
Theseus.
** Not very far from the centre of the
southern division of the great plain, the
dull level is interrupted, and from every
part the eye rests on * a heap of gathered
ground,' nearly thirty feet in elevation,
with a base of about six hundred feet in
circumference, half dug open by specu-
of the dogmas contained in the books
termed Hermetic, it appears that the
Egyptians, not less than the Chaldees,
affected to determine the revolutions and
to compute the duration of the world by
cycles ; the close of which would cor-
respond with a grand conjunction of
planets."
This theory is carried out by the
learned author at greater length than
we have space to abstract, and he
applies it very ingeniously to settle
the chronology of the Egyptian gods,
demigods, and kings ; see p. 356.
On the Battle of Marathon. By
George Finlay, Esq.
The topography of the fields of those
battles on which the fate of nations
has turned, must ever be regarded as
a most interesting branch of the mi-
nuter illustrations of history. Local
identity has an irresistible tendency
to verify facts to the imagination.
The following graphic sketch of
Marathon's immortal plain will in-
terest our readers.
**The battle of Marathon was fought
in autumn, four hundred and ninety
years before the Christian era. The plain,
which was the scene of this celebrated
event, extends in a perfect level along a
fine bay, and is in length about six miles,
and in breadth never less than about one
and a half.
'* Two marshes cover the ends of the
plain : the southern is not very large, and
is almost dry at the conclusion of the
great heats; but the northern, which
generally covers considerably more than
a square mile, offers several parts which
are at all seasons impassable. Both,
however, leave a broad firm sandy beach
between them and the sea. The uninter-
rupted flatness of the plain is hardly re-
lieved by a straggling tree, and an amphi-
theatre of rocky hills and rugged moun-
tains separates it from the rest of Attica,
over the lower ridges of which some
steep and difficult paths communicate
with the districts in the interior.
•* Near the centre of this barrier, now
bare, but anciently covered with olive
trees and vineyards, a torrent issues from
a narrow gorge, and passes through the
plain : the water is generally lost, even in
winter, under the sand, which the long
level has allowed to accumulate in its
course.
*' The modern village of Marath6na is
situated about a mile above this gorge.
r4
1840.] Revikw. — Transactions of the Roifal Society of LUeratmre. 183
lutor:) in antiquities, and cut into deep
furrows by the rain of more than two
thousand three hundred years. Thus tu-
mulus is tlie monument raised over the
bodies of the hundred and ninety-two
Atlieniaii citizens who fell in the battle.
It is called the Sor6s (2o/>6ff), * the word
wliith,' Colonel Leake observes, 'has
probably been applied to it by the people
of Attica ever since its erection."
Of the pieces of flint fouDd in this
tumulus, commonly called Persian
arrow-heads, we have the following
curious note.
" The pieces of flint (or obsidian, for
thtrc appears to be some doubt about the
txrtct nature of the substance), artificially
formed, which are found in considerable
(piantity in the tumulus at Marathon,
have been hitherto universally regarded
as Persian arrow-heads, and have been
uM-d as an argument for the immense
lunnbers of the Persian host, as it was
supposed they belonged to the archers oi
tiic Kthiopiau legion. Herodotus, in his
enumeration of the forces of Xerxes,
mentions that the Ethiopians used arrows
pointed with stone ; but this would not
warrant the supposition that Ethiopian
nrehers were present in the expedition of
Datis. Indeed, had the Persians at Ma-
rathon really fancied they could check
the assault of the Athenian hoplitea by
siiooting such bits of flint at them as are
now picked up in the tumulus, there must
ha\e been a strange difference between
the Asiatic (ireeks they had before van-
(piishcd, and the Europeans whom they
were about to engage.
■* The truth seems to be. that these
pieces of flint were mixed with the soil
when it was heaped up by the soldiers of
Anstides. Similar flmts are often found
M-aitered about over small spaces in many
parts of Attica, and indeed in all Greece.
The author found some pieces curiously
formed on the site of Aftxone ; he has
iiu-t with them at almost every ancient
site he htm visited since bis attention was
directed to the subject, and he obtained
some tine s})ecimens in the island of San-
torin.
'* Colonel Leake has informed him they
are found in many parts of the world,
particularly in Egy|)t and in Ireland.
An accomplished nobleman, in passing
through .Vthens, told him that they exist
in ((reat number at Elsdon io Northam-
berlond, and that the finest collection of
tliem is to be seen in the museum of Co-
pcnhiiKen, amongst the Scandinavian an-
I iipiities.
'* In Greece they abound near ancient
sites where no accumulation of soil has
taken place, and appear to be parts of the
weapons and instruments of domestic
economy used by the inhabitants of the
country who preceded the Hellenes and
Pelasgi. This flint, or obsidian, has not
yet been discovered in its native posi-
tion in any part of Greece, though the
author hss lately received a specimen/
resembling common flint, from the island
of Amorgos. The weapons or instru-
ments for which this stone was employ-
ed seem similar in the different countries
in which they are found, but the exact
material of which they are composed
varies."
This valuable paper is followed by
another, by the same writer, on the
Site of the City of Aphidna and its
Fortress, celebrated in the ancient
traditions of Attica, from its con-
nexion with the adventures of Theseus
and Helen.
*' Herodotus and Plutarch both relate,
that Theseus, having carried off Helen
from Lacedsmon in her tender years,
concealed her at Aphidna, where he en-
trusted her to the care of his friend
Aphidnus. When her brothers Castor
and Pollux invaded Attica in search of
their sister, she was no where to be
found. Some unknown cause had delay-
ed their expedition, for, at the time of
their arrival in Attica, they found that
Theseus had departed on another attempt
to carry off a young princess for his friend
Pirithous. Tlus attempt failed, Pirithous
perished, and Theseus became a prisoner
in the hands of the king of the Molos-
sians, who was the young lady's father.
The news of his misfortune had thrown
the direction of public aff^airs at Athens
into the hands of his political opponents,
who aided the TyndaridsB in their search
for Helen.
'* But all inquiries were vain, until
Dekelos, an inhabitant of Deceleia, at
length revealed to them that Aphidna was
the place of their sister's concealment.
Aphidna, however, was a state of such
power, and possessing so numerous a
force, that it resisted the attack of Cas-
tor and Pollux, though assisted by nu-
merous allies, for a considerable time.
A war of great fame in the heroic histo-
ry of Greece was carried on in its terri-
tory, yielding in celebrity only to the
wars of Troy and Thebes. In this con-
test, not only the Tyndaridc, with the
Lacedemonians and Athenians, were en-
gaged, but they were joined also by troops
from Arcadia and Megara."
184 Review. — Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature, £Feb.
The ingenious writer proceeds to
shew, that, notwithstanding the alloy
of fable pervading these traditions, they
preserved, as traditions generally do,
several important historical facts ;
and he infers, from many corrobo-
tive circumstances,
" that Aphidna was situated on the
lower or common road from Athens to
Oropos and Tanagra. Its position point>
ed it out as a central point of retreat,
whether the enemy advanced from the
frontier or landed on the coast to the
north of Rhamnus. In the plain below
Kapandriti, there is a spot remarkable as
the point of union of several roads.
Those from Tanagra by Malakasa, from
Orop6 by Marc6poulo, from K^Iamo by
Kapandriti, and from Varndvato Athens,
all unite near it, and here the road to
Marathon falls off. Above this spot,
from the banks of the river of Marathon,
which is here a perennial stream, an iso-
lated hill rises to the height of several
hundred feet. On its summit there are
remains of an ancient fortress, and traces
of habitation^ on its sides. Like other
similar hills in this district, it is called
Kotr6ni. The distance from Athens is
about sixteen miles, from Marathon
eight, from Deceleia about six, and from
Oropos about thirteen.
" This hill is beautifully situated, over-
looking the fine undulated and well-
wooded country through which the river
of Marathon flows. It presents three
sides clothed with flue VeUni oaks to-
wards the roads leading to Athens, Oro-
pos, and Marathon, while to the north-
east it is connected by a rocky ridge with
the arable hills of Phelleus around the
village of Kapandriti.
"The existing remains on the hill
show that the Acropolis has been suc-
ceeded by a fortified hold in the middle
ages ; and the vestiges of modern houses
and churches prove that, even to a late
period, it must have possessed a consi«
derable population. It is near the centre
of an elevated but fertile plain, so much
intersected by low wooded hills, advanc-
ing from the mountains around, that its
extent is apparent only to those who
traverse it in different directions. It ap-
pears to have escaped the attention of
travellers, though it is generally crossed
in proceeding from Athens to Chnlcis,
and Sir WilUam Gell notices the ascent
from it * amidst magnificent pines.* '*
On the Kotroni Mr. Finlav states
that he picked up a number of those
triangular flints which are found in
9
the Great Tumulus at Marathon, and
that he has been informed that similar
flints are used in Macedonia and part
of Thessaly for threshing out the
grain : that they are fastened into a
wooden frame, in which a weight is
placed, and the machine is drawn
over the grain. This rude instrument
is called doicaw, a name which is also
given to a similar instrument in ge-
neral use in Greece, in which in the
place of flints there are iron nails.
This paper is followed by one on the
the site of the position of Oropo8,with
its Temple of Araphiaraos, which he
thinks was at Scala on the sea coast,
and fortifies his opinion with very
cogent reasons. All these disserta-
tions are illustrated with clear and
elegant maps.
Thoughts and Conjectures relative to
the Book and History of Job, By the
Rev, Edw. Davies, M,A, 8fc. 8fc.
The writer of this essay very suc-
cessfully combats the opinion of War-
burton, that the Book of Job is an
allegorical poem of the dramatic kind,
written by Ezra, sometime between
the return of the Jews from the cap-
tivity of Babylon, and their final es-
tablishment in their own country.
Dr. Orton, a Dissenting divine, con-
tends that the Book of Job was writ-
ten by Ezekiel, but he
" invalidates his own argument by the
candid admission that the book is ex--
tremely difficult and obscurcy differing so
much from the general vocabulary and
idiom of Jewish writers^ that * it seems
evidently to be a translation from some
other language.^
" This is not the remark of a single indi-
vidual. The peculiar difficulty and ob-
scurity of this book are generally admit-
ted ; and some learned debates have
arisen respecting the language in which
it was first written. We may therefore
safely conclude, that neither Moses, Eze-
kiel, nor Ezra, was the author. Had it
been originally written by an Israelite,
between the age of Moses and that of
Ezekiel, it must have exhibited the same
standard of language as the other sacred
books of the same period. Had it been
translated by an Israelite, it must have
been accommodated to the use of the trans-
lator's contemporaries. At any rate, the
Hebrew copy must have accorded with
the age and style of the person by whom
1 840.] Rbtiew.— TransadionM itf the Boyal SociHy of Literature. 1 85
it was published. But the book is «&•
knowledged not to be in the usual style of
any writer of the Jewish canon. It con-
tains some words and idioms which are
found only in the Syriac or Chaldee,
several of which occur only in the Arabic,
and many which have not been discover-
ed elsewhere in any language ; but all of
which probably pertained to the language
of the age and country in which it was
first written. It has consequently a ve-
nerable air of antiquity throughout ; and
its language appears to have been obso-
lete even the days of Moses.*'
In contrariety to the hypothesis of
Warburton and OrtOD, Mr. Davies
shev^rs, by a series of Tery reasonable
and convincing deductions, the proba-
bility of the truth of the ancient per-
suasion and tradition of the Jews,
"that Moses presented this book to
the Israelites whilst they sojourned in
the ingenious Essayist proceeds
further to identify Job with Jobab, the
son of Zerah of Bozrah, the second of
a series of eight Kings of Edom, eno-
merated by Moses in the 36th chapter
of Genesis. These observations are
concluded with a valuable Bummary
of the matter contained in the venera-
ble and important book of Job. On
the subject of religion and morality*
he shews that it inculcates,
«i
A belief in the existence of omt Eter-
nal God, the maker and preserver of all
things, infinite in power and wisdom, om-
nipresent, yet invisible, unsearchable, and
exct*eding human comprehensioo, sa-
premely just, and the rewarder of every
man according to his works, operating
rvery where, and governing the world by
a general and a particular providence;
terribly severe in punishing the obstinate
sinner, yet gracious and good to the pore
in heart, and merciful to the truly pe-
nitent."
It affords us evidence of the state of
sciences and arts in that early period
of the world, the time of the patriarch
Abraham, about 2000 years before
Christ— that natural history, agricul-
ture, metallurgy, offensive and defen-
sive armour, weaving, astronomy, and
writing, were not unknown or disre-
garded.
" The followino^ passage mentions the
vnrious modes of writing then in use:
* ( )h that my words were now written I
oh that they were printed in a book !
Ge.nt. Mao. Vol. Xlll.
That they were graven with an iron pen
and lead, in the rock for ever ! ' chap,
xix. 33, 24. Here three kinds of writing
are distinguished : 1 . with a pen or com-
mon style ; 3. printing in a book ; 3.
engraving in a rock or tablet of stone with
an iron instrument, and perhaps filling
the cavities with lesid.
** I follow the English translation.
But to the able antiquary, who could
duly analyse the original, and compare it
with the usages of primitive times, of
which some remains are found in the east
of Asia, this passage would furnish a ou-
rious subject of discussion. I must con-
tent myself with the conjecture, that by
printing in a book Job means to describe
the stamping of a whole inscription in
clay, from a dye carved in wood, and then
burning the clay into brick. This con-
jecture arises from the acknowledged an-
tiquity of sach a method of recording
facts.
*' It appears from Pliny, that bricks,
stamped in this manner, were amongst
the first books or records of ancient Ba-
bylon, and that they were employed in
recording subjects winch were to be
tranemitted to remote posterity. The
present age has exhibited specimens of
Babylonian bricks thus inscribed. Pliny
cites the authority of Epigeaee, a very
respectable writer, for tlie fact, that Um
Babylonians had thus recorded their as-
tronomical observations during a period
of 720 years. And Porphyry wrote, that
Callisthenes sent to Aristotle a series of
astronomical observations, which had
been found at Babylon, for 190S yetrt
before that city was taken by Alexan-
der."
Reverting to the main topic of this
instructive Essay, it may be observed,
that the reference of the inspired
writer, Ezekiel, to Job, as a real cha-
racter, is alone, in our opinion, quite
decisive of that question in the affir-
mative. " Though these three men,
Noah, Daniel, and Job were in it,
they should deliver but their own
souls by their righteousness, saith (ht
Lord God." Is it possible to sup-
pose, in this solemn denunciation from
the Almighty, that one of the three
personages so emphatically mentioned^
was altogether imaginary ?
Two notices follow by Mr. HamiU
ton. The first of the Remain* ^f a
Temple of the Corinthian order at
Damascus, which is the only knovrn
monument of the period of the early
2 B
1 86 Re VI Ew. — Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature, [P%bl
Emperors of Rome of a city which
Strabo designates as ax^^^^ ^' ^'^'~
^MxvcoTan/rcdv ravrrj Kctra rh Ilcpcruca —
and Julian says, that it was ttjs cc^as
andoTjs 6<l>6cLkfA6s, The second notice
by the same writer relates to The
ancient Name of Egypt : he thinks
that the accepted meaning of the affir-
mation of Herodotus and Aristotle,
that Thebes, or the Thebaid, was called
£gypt, should be reversed. Herodo-
tus says, TO d* cdv ndkm ai Orj^cu AtyvTr-
T0£ eicaXccro. Aristotle, kol to ap\aihv fj
AtyuTTTos Grj^ai KaXovfi€u(u — on which
Mr, Hamilton observes : —
*< I am inclined to think we shall, on
urther examination, find reason to give to
the two passages one and the same mean-
ing, namely, thai Thebes was in remote
times called Egypt, This is in harmony
with the context both of the historian
and the philosopher. The former is
answering the arguments of certain Ionian
Greeks, who pretended that the names
of Egypt and the Egyptians were only
applicable to the Delta at the embouchure
of the Nile, its sea coast, and its inhabi-
tants ; and if that was the case, what be-
comes of the pretensions in the mouths
of others, that the Egyptians were the
oldest of nations ? — and he adds his con-
viction, that this race is as old as any
other upon the face of the earth, and
that, as the country gradually extended
itself northwards by the accretions caused
by the Nile, a part of the inhabitants de-
scended towards Lower Egypt, a part re-
maining in the upper districts ; and ac-
cordingly he gives us the passage in
question, namely, that in former times
Thebes was called Egypt, that is, that
what is now the Thebaidf was formerly
the whole of Egypt.
''Aristotle is adopting the same line
of argument, in support of his position
respecting the gradual extension of culti-
vated and inhabited land, along with the
increase of alluvial soil deposited by
rivers ; and adds, in illustration of this
opinion Ka\ to dp^alov 17 AtyvnTos
O^/Soi KoKoufifvcu : which I translate —
* in former times Egypt was that dis-
trict, which is now called Thebes ; '
which comes to the same thing as the
words used by Herodotus.''
The volume closes with some
observations " On the Astronomical
Ceiling of the Memnonium of Thebes,
by the Rev. J. Tomlinson." It appears
that the Zodiacal representations con-
nected with the dead, to be fonnd on
Egyptian monuments, were intended
to represent the descent of the soul
into the lower region by way of the
tropic of Cancer, and the ascent of
the soul to the heavenly world, and to
the abode of the gods, the entrance to
which was by the tropic of Capricorn.
The arrangement of these signs is
commonly on either side of one of the
Egyptian divinities. Of this a fine
example is shewn in plate C. being a
drawing from a magnificent mummy-
case in the British Museum, said to
be the sarcophagus of Har-Sont-Iot,
a priest of Ammon at Thebes. In
this are no traces of the Graeco- Egyp-
tian style ; but the same accompani-
ments are found on sepulchral chests
of that period in Egypt. The im-
portant fact is deducible from the in-
scription on the ceiling at the Mem-
nonium, that the rising of Sirius, or
Sothis, the dog-star, took place on the
fourth celestial day. Hence, by de-
duction from astronomical facts, it
appears "that this monument was
intended to commemorate the great
period of 1461 years called canicular,
from its having commenced at the he-
liacal rising of the dog-star. Calling
the statements of Herodotus to his
aid, Mr. Tomlinson arrives at the con-
clusion, that the date furnished by the
inscription on the Memnonium, places
the reign of the great Egyptian con-
queror Scsostris, about the middle of
the fourteenth century before Christ.
The dark and mysterious indications
of the original records of Egypt sti-
mulate the curiosity, and invite the
ingenuity of the learned. Mixed up
with the most absurd idolatries that
human invention could devise, they
have undergone, in a great measure,
that sentence of confusion which at-
tended the labourers of Babel. Yet
it is evident that Egypt was the
nursing mother of scientific know-
ledge, and the study of antiqui-
ties at every step is found to confirm
the authenticity of those sacred re-
cords on which the lapse of ages, and
the extinction of the most refined na-
tions, their arts, sciences, and litera-
' ture, shall make no shadow of impres-
sion.
This volume of critical literary
Transactions is highly creditable to
the national Institution from which it
emanates.
1840.] Fine Arts. 187
ReliquitB j^niiqua : Scrapt from ^n* ward II. are also exceedinglj curioiu, ai
citnt Manuicripttf No. III. 8vo. — The exhibidng old morality : for example :
contents of this part are certainly not less Betere were a ryche mon
curious than the preceding, whether as For te spouse a god womon,
exhibiting the progressive changes of our Thath hue be sum del pore,
lanii^uage, or as developing the sentiments Then to brynge into his hous
and prejudices of our forefathers, cleric and A proud queue ant dangerous,
hiy. It contains several specimens of the That is sum del hore ;
nugtp of monastic scholars, as the Abbat Moni mon for land wyveih to ihonde^
of Gloucester's feast, in Dog-Latin of the Quoth Uendyng.
14th century; some poems in mixed Latin About three dozen ancient saws are
and English ; and the amusing macaronic versified in this very amusing way. We
verses uf the schoolboys, on their break- would remark that, in the poem on the
ing-up, perhaps in the year 1500. Two Seven Deadly Sins, p. 137, .4cci(/ia seems
sermons of the beginning of the thirteenth to be an error for Desidia ; and that oc-
century form a very valuable example of casionally, particularly in the Norman
the semi Saxon of that day : we give this French, it seems as if a few explanatory
brief specimen : *' We radeth on hoc that notes would be very acceptable to the
clch man haveth to fere [for companion] reader,
on angel of hevene on his riht half, that _^_
him wisseth and munegeth evere to don The Eglintoun Towmamentt and Gen-
god, and on his lifte half an wereged gost, ilemen unmoiked. By Peter Bachin. —
that him avre tacheth to ufele, and that is This little work is written in the lonn of
the devel." It may be remarked that the a dialogue, between the shades of King
congregations of that day had no reason James V. of Scotland, and Sir David
to complain of tediousness in the preach- Lindsay. It is rather a strange medleyof
ers ; these sermons would scarcely take gallant thoughts, and heroic decisions. The
ten minutes in delivery. The " Proverbs Eglintoun Tournament forms only a small
of Hendyng,'' in verse of the time of Ed- part of the work, but it is well described.
FINE ARTS.
Drawing* of the London and Birming- horses, with one of the operators de-
ham Railway, by John C. Bourne, with an scending, affords a striking idea of the
hintorical and detcriptive account^ by John vastnessof the Tunnel itself. *'The visible-
Hritton, F.S.A. Folio. — This volume ness of the ray of light from the shaft,"
rontainn a series of thirty-seven views of says Mr. Britton, *' is occasioned by the
portions of the line of the Birmingham Rail- opaqueness and humidity of the atmos-
way, from the entrance in Euston Grove phere, arising from the want of ventila-
to its termination. They are executed in tion.'*
lithography, and tinted; and it is but Another, '' the grand ventilating shaft"
justice to say, that they do great credit conveys an equally good idea of the ap-
to the pencil of the artist. There is per- pearance of this vast passage diminishing
haps, no object less picturesque, or to in the distance into a mere speck.
all appearance more incapable of pro- A very picturesque plate of the viaduct
ducing effect, than the dull strait level over the river Blythe, near the termina-
of a rail -road ; but in the hands of Mr. tion of the railroad, has the singular
Houme, the subject seems to have lost merit of displaying on opposite sides of
iin](*h of its untractable character, and by the same view, a comparison between the
tl>e skilful use of accessories, has turned ancient and modern modes of bridge
out to be far more agreeable than at first building. The massive piers, further se-
flight it promised to have been. cured by buttresses and narrow arches
The various stages of the undertaking are of the ancient fort bridge, afford a cn-
represented from the excavation and em- rious contrast to the great altitude and ex-
hankment, to the complete work. In some tensive span with the slender supports of
of the early views, the scene is varied by the modem viaduct,
the bustle and life displayed by the hun- The historical account by Mr. Britton,
dreds of workmen engaged in their dif- contains a view of the past and present
fcrrnt avocations. modes o{ travelling, with descriptive no-
Two views of the Kilsby Tunnel are tices of the various objects on the present
interesting; in the first "a working line, as well as a summary of the oistory
Mhaft,** the |K)werful light bursting of the railway. From this a few extracts
through the aperture in the roof, and will be interesting.
shewing the group of workmen and The required capital of the Companj*
18S
FhieArti.
XF\rib.
It appears, hai greatly exceeded the origi-
nal estimates. Mr. Stephenson's calcu-
lation of the cost of tiie undertakingi (as
published by the Board of Management in
1832,) amounted to 3,400,456/. By
the Act of Parliament of 1833^ the Direc-
tors were empowered to raise 2,500,000/.
in shares, and 835,000/. by loan. A se-
cond Act in 1835, enabled them to raise
a further sum of 165,000/. and by all these
means the capital has been increased in
the whole to the sum of five millions and
a half. The increase of the expenditure
has kept equal pace with the capital.
'*We find that the average cost per
mile has been not less that 50,000/. where-
as Mr. Robert Stephenson's original esti-
mate was at the rate of 21,756/. per
mile.'*
But whilst the expense of the railway so
am^ingly exceeded the calculation of the
engineer, the receipts have unfortunately
fell below the estimate.
** The first estimate of the annual in*
come expected from traffic on the railway,
was 671,102/. and in the revised estimate
of Mr. R. Stephenson, (1837) it was
stated at 1,285,965/."
But the total of the actual income for
the first six months of the railway, was
195,864/. 48. 5d. This, however, was but
a low amount of the receipts, as in June
1839, they had risen to as much as
14,356/. Ts, in a week.
Still, considering the vast excess in the
expenditure, the shareholders will we
fear find the word of promise held out
to them on the commencement of the
undertaking inevitably broken to their
hopes.
The purchasers, however, of Mr.
Bourne's work, will not experience a simi-
lar disappointment ; as they will possess a
very pleasing series of views well calculated
to illustrate the subject, and which, inde-
pendently of its more immediate object,
will as a work of art be a pleasing orna-
ment to their library tables.
PANORAMA OF VERSAILLES.
Mr. Burford has opened a Panorama of
Versailles, in all the glory of its f^te days.
The general splendour of this triumph of
French art and artifice, the palace itself, the
magnificent terraces, the vast basins and
fountains and jets-d'eau, the statues, the
orange trees, and the living groups of gay
Parisians, make up a picture of unusual
attraction. The view is taken from the
Parterre d'Eau : on the one side, therefore,
is the gigantic palace, with the terrace and
its fountains and flower-plots : and on the
other the spectator looks over the grand
fountain of ^tona, and down the Tapis
Vert to the still more magnificent fountain
of Apollo and the Grand Oua^, The
fiubjeet is sure to interest tJuiee who luf t
never been to Versailles, and mai^ iodced
who have, for tome of these fovntainapky
but on rare occasions. The nvmberlees
troops of fashionable or wm^ekaUmi pro-
menaders with which the foregromid is
filled, are rich in character, and highly
amusing from their variety.
HER IfAJBSTT AND PRINCE ALBBRT.
Miniature portraits of Her Majesty aaA
Prince Albert of Saxe-Cobourg-GoCha,
painted by W. C. Ross, A.R.A. have been
on view at Messrs. Colnaghi and Puokle's,
in Cockspnr Street. They are beantifiil and
highly finished works. That of the QBeen
is a half-length. She wears the Une riband
of the order of the Garter, but no crown,
or any other insignia of royalty. The
resemblance is very striking, the featnres
are full of vivacity, and the flesh is charm-
ingly coloured. The portrait of Prince
Albert is a small oval, containing merdy
the head and shoulders ; but the expres-
sion is intelligent and pleasing. Another
portrait of Prince Albert, painted by
command at the palace of Gotha, by
Greorge Patten, esq. A.R.A. has been
exhibited by Messrs. Hodgson and Graves.
It will be engraved in the finest style of
mezzotinto by Mr. Thomas Lupton.
An Altar-piece of large size has beem
painted by Mr. £. F. Pritchard, of Bria-
tol, for St. WoUos' church, Newport.
The subject (which is well conceived) is
the preparation for the Entombment of
Chnst ; the personages represented, be-
sides the Redeemer, are the Virgin and
three other Maries, St. John, and Joseph
of Arimathea. The execution is highly
creditable to Mr. Pritchard, a native of
Bristol, who is self-taught.
We are glad to observe that that de-
sirable mode of fostering the Arts, aa
Art- Union, is about to be adopted la
Bristol.
The whole of the valuable collection of
pictures formed at great cost by the late
Duke of Buckingham, have been removed
from Avington House to the grand gal-
lery at Stowe. Among the rarest of the
collection are a Portrait of the unfortunate
Marie Antoinette, Queen of FrancCi and
several Rembrandts.
A fine painting of the Italian School,
which has lain neglected for a very long
time in an obscure room in Weymouth,
has been brought to light. A thick iiu
crustation, arising from many years' in-
attention, having been carefully removed.
1840.]
LUerurf and Scientific Intelligence.
189
its beauties are now ftdly dcreloped. It fite are familjar to English hbtory. The
is said to be an originai painting by Andrea subject is, •* Our Lord's Agony in the
del Sarto, and to have belonged to the Garden,*' from Lnke xni.
ijlarl of Derwentwater, whose name and
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society for the pubucatiom' or
ancient welsh MANU8CMPT8.
The Society for the Publication of
Ancient Welsh Manuscripts, founded at
Abergavenny in 1837 (with which the
Cymmrodorion Society, founded in Lon-
don 1750, is now acting in conjunction)
has in the press that vidnable manuscript
relating to Welsh history, called lAyfr
Handdfj or Liber LandavensiSf of which
a transcript has been made from the
library of Jesus college, Oxford, and
collated with another in the Hengwrt
library. Its appearance has been delayed
by the lamented decease of the late Rev.
Professor Rees, B.D. who had undertaken
the editorship ; but it is now proceeding
under the care of the Rev. W. J. Raes,
M.A. of Cascob, Radnorshire. It will
be accompanied by an English translation
and notes, and several fac-similea of
ancient MSS.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY.
Nov. 27. A grace passed the Senate :
To purchase of Count Munster, from
the W^oodwardian Fund, a collection of
Geological Specimens, about 30,000 in
number, at the price of ;f 500.
Dec. 30. The Rev. W. Hodge Mill,
D.D. of Trinity College, late Principal
of the Bishop's College, Calcutta, was
elected Hulsean Lecturer for the ensuing
year ; and the Hulsean Prize for the best
dissertation on the Evidences of the
Christian Religion was adjudged to Ar-
thur Shelley Eddis, B.A. Scholar of
Trinity College.
Non-isian Prize Essay. —The subject
for the present year is, " The Holy
Scriptures contain sufficiently all Doctrine
required of necessity for eternal Salvation
through faith in Jesus Christ.^*
The Rev. John Brown, M.A. of Aber-
deen, has placed at the disposal of the
President and Fellows of Queen's college,
a prize of ten guineas to be awarded to
such member of that Society, (who is not
of sufficient standing for the d^ree of
Master of Arts) as shall write the best
English poem on the approaching Mar-
riage of her Majesty.
ROYAL SOCIETY.
Dec. 5. Francis Baily, esq. V.P. in
the chair. The meeting was wholly oc-
cupied by the reading of the minutes,
including the Address of the President
at the Anniversary meeting.
Dec. 12. Major Sabine, V.P.— G. L.
Roupell, M.D. was elected a Fellow of
the Society. — The following papers were
read :— 1 . " On the Nerves of the Gravid
Uterus," by R. Lee, M.D. ; 2. " Obser-
► \
1840.]
Antiquarian Researchis,
I9t
vations made at the Cape of Good Hope,
in the year 1838, with Bradley's Zenith
Sector, for the verification of the Ampli-
tude of the Abb^ de la Caille's Arc of the
Meridian,'' by T. Madear, esq.
Dec. 19. Major Sabine in the chair.
ilenry Drummond, esq. of Albany
Park, Surrey, was elected a Fellow.
A paper was read, entitled ** An Account
of Experiments made with the view of as-
certaining the possibility of obtaining a
Spark be/ore the Circuit of the Voltaic
Battery is completed,'* by J. P. Gassiot, esq.
Jan. 9. J. W. Lubbock, esq. V.P.
J. Whatman, jun. esq. was elected Fellow.
A paper was read, on the construction
and use of Single Achromatic Eye- pieces,
and their superiority to the Double Eye-
))iece of Uuyghens; by the Rev. J. B.
Rt'ade, M.A. ; and the communication
was received of Meteorological Observa-
tions made between Oct. 1837 and April
\H'M), at Alten, in Finmarken, by Mr. J.
H. Thomas, Chief Mining Agent at tha
Alten Copper-works.
ROYAL KENSINGTON LITERARY AMD
SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION.
The Second Division of Lectures for
the present season have been arranged a*
follows : Feb. 4 and 1 1 , Southwood Smith*
M.D. On Organization and Life ; Feb. IH
and 25, and March 3, Edward Taylor,
esq. Gresham Prof, of Music, On English
Vocal Harmony ; Mtrch 10, James Cop-
land, M.D. F.R.S. On the influence of the
Mental Emotions on Health ; March 17,
Dr. Cantor, On the comparative state of
Education in Great Britain and Germany ;
March 24, R. J. Pollock, esq. On the
Physiology of Speech ; March 31, April
7 and 14, R. Addams, esq. On Frictional
Electricity ; April 28, May 5 and 12, T.
Rymer Jones, esq. On Natural History —
Fishes, Reptiles, and Serpents.
ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.
Jan. i). W. R. Hamilton, esq. V.P.
Robert Porrett, esq. of the Tower of
I^ondon, Deputy Storekeeper of her
Majesty's Ordnance, was elected a Fellow
of the Society, and Mons. P. Gnizot,
(irand Officer of the Legion of Honour,
and a Member of the Chamber of Depu-
ties of Prance, was elected a Foreign
Member.
The reading was commenced of a paper
by Mr. Archbold, " On some ancient
Guns and Ammunition found baried in
the saud and clay on the western shore of
the island of Walney, Lancashire," a
discovery of which some account was
given in our last number, p. 78.
Jan, Hi. W. R. Hamilton, esq. V.P.
James Annesley, esq. late Surgeon of
the General Hospital at Madras, was
elected a Fellow of the Society.
Sir Hilgrove Tunier, F.S.A. presented
two drawings of cromlechs in Jersey.
Mr. Archbold's paper was conclnded.
Jan. 2.). H. Hallam, esa. V.P.
Francis Worship, esq. F.S.A. commu-
nicated two letters from Queen Elixaheth
to Dr. Dale, her Ambassador in France,
relating princii>ally to the overture of
marriage then addressed to her by the
Due d'Alen9on ; dated respectively on
the 17th July 1573, and the 1st of Feb.
following. The latter is very curious in
some particulars, especially a part re-
lating to the discontent that it was pre-
sumed might arise on the Queen's part
on the view of her suitor's portraiture ;
nnd the discussion, pro et cwi, whether
the Duke should be allowed to visit Eng-
land incognito f ** in some disguised sort ;**
if he did, he was to come in the train of
some less conspicuous person than the
Due de Montmorend. The Prince (then
Due d'Anjou) is commonly said to have
paid a visit of this kind to the English
court in 1580, the year before he passed
a three months' sojourn there, which is
fully noticed in Nichols's Progresses of
Queen Elizabeth.
The first portion was read of a second
letter from George Godwin, jun. esq.
F.R.S. and S.A. containing Notes oa
some of the Ecclesiastical Boildiiigs of
Lower Normandy. The buildings noticed
were the cathedral and church of St.
Croix, at St. Loe, and the aqueduct at
Coutances.
The Society adjourned (over the anni-
versary of King Charles's Martyrdom)
to the Bth of February.
ROMAN BUILDINGS IN BOUTHWAmK.
The numerous Roman antiquities which
have been discovered in Southwark suffi-
ciently attest its occupation by that
people ; but we believe that there is no
record of the discovery of any Roman
buildings in the Borough until now. The
Governors of St. Thomas's Hospital
having determined to proceed with the
rebuilding of that edifice (the north wing
of which has been lately rebuilt), hare
pulled down the south wing of the outer
or western quadrangle, and on clearing
the ground for the foundation of the ntm
building, a Roman pafement of the
192
Antiquarian Researches.
{Feb.
commoil red tessene, snrroimded by walls
of flint and rabble, with couraes of Roman
tiles, has been discoyered, at a depth of
twenty feet from the letel of the High
Street. The pavement measured about
SO feet by 12 ; the tessenc were embedded
on concrete, about 6 inches thick, under
which was a layer of chips of stone. On
remoTing the foundations of the walls
they were found to rest on piles, the soil
being sand. When we saw these remains
great part of what was originally disco-
Tered had been destroyed ; but we were
informed that on the north side there
were the jambs of a doorway, and on the
west side a continuation of the buildings.
Some of the tiles in the walls were red,
and some of a bright yellow. Mr. Field,
the architect, we are informed, is in pos-
session of an earthenware lamp, which
was discovered here. We look forward
to a fuller account of these remains being
given to the Society of Antiquaries by its
zealous and intelligent member, Mr. C.
R. Smith.
Not far from this spot, viz. in St.
Saviour's churchyard, partly on the site
of St. Saviour's Grammar School, and
partly under an adjoining house, there is
a tesselated pavement of a handsome
pattern ; and in the churchyard, nearly
opposite to the school, we have seen a
the bottom of a grave a narrow Roman
pavement, of the common red tessem,
running from north-east to south-west,
apparently a footpath.
ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF CIRBNCBSTER.
A man, named White, lately digging a
pit in his garden in search of gravel, on the
west side of Gloucester- street (formerly
St. Lawrence-street) in Cirencester^ dis-
covered at a depth of five or six jfeet a
perfect human skeleton, apparently that
of a grown-up young woman, lying hori-
zontally with its head towards the east.
The scull was turned upon the right
shoulder, and two nails, about two or
three inches in length, were found driven
into the place of the left ear. The teeth
appeared perfect and complete. Many
fragments of urns and other articles
undoubtedly Roman, including coins,
were discovered at the same time. The
roots of a yew-tree, planted forty
years ago near this spot, had extended
over the skeleton. Some of the pottery
bears very distinct ornamental patterns.
A number of Roman coins were found in
the commencement of the cutting of the
Cheltenham and Great Western Union
Railway some time since, to the south of
the town, and few places are more inte-
resting to the antiquary than this ancient
and important station of the Romans.
10
RUINS AT VC9PA.
A recent discovery of muck iaqfiortence
has been made by Monsq^ore Cttidllo
Amid, Apostolic Delegate at Spoleto.
The Delegate, in one of his last ^^ts to
the Governor of Norcia, ascended to the
top of a high mountain, six miles distant
from Norcia, and under which is the
village of Biselli. The hills are called
the hills of Biselli. In his researches
the learned prelate discovered that there
was a place called by the people Vespa,
and immediately conceived a hox>e that
some traces might still be found of the
splendour of the Vespasian family, as
related by Suetonius in the following
passage : '^ Locus etiam nunc ad seztaiR
milliarium a Nursia Spoletium enntibiis
in monte summo, appellatur Vespasic
nbi Vespasiorum complura monume&ta
extant, magnum indicium splendoma
familise ac vetustatis." Lib. 8, cap. 1.
In a small house on the point of land mow
called Vespa, he discovered a double row
of stairs, all of white marble, and on the
right of the stairs an arch, supported by
pilasters of el^;ant architecture. Exca-
vations are now being made, under strong
hopes of fruitful and curious discoveries ;
for it IS very probable, from the remote
situation of the place, that the sepulchral
monuments and buildings referred to by
the historian may have esci^ed the de-
vastation and destruction that haro to
generally awaited ancient works of art,
when more exposed and accessible.
GREEK MONUMENT.
The British Museum has recently ac-
quired, by purchase from the Rev. Iliir«
Arundale, a funeral monument executed
in Asia Minor. It is in form of a stoa,
or porch, and represents in the highest
relief a youth who has apparently just
issued from a bath : he is naked, staadiog
with his peplon gracefully thrown upon
his shoulder, and twisted round his left
arm. In his right hand he holds a xytrm,
or strigil, and in his other some object of
the toilet. On the upper part of the mo-
nument is inscribed TPY*CN EYTYXOY
....«* Tryphouj the *on i^ Eutyekue **
.... and the lacuna, according to the
ordinary form of sepulchral monoments,
has probably contained his birth-plaee.
The name of Tryphon is famiUar to
archaeologists during the epoch of the
Seleucidse, as an usurper so called poe-
sessed the S3rri8n crown for three yean
after the death of Antiochus the Sixth.
A grammarian of Alexandria, of the reign
of Augustus, and a slave, are known of
the same name. The name of Eutychns
also appears in the New Testament. The
monument in question does not, in point
of style, belong to the excellent character
\
1840.]
Parliamentary Proceedings,
193
of work which characterised the second stained and corroded with exposure to
century previous to the Christian era, and the weather ; and has, to all appearance,
more probably approaches the period of been attached by iron rivets, or stanchions,
Augustus. It is of white marble, much to its place of destination. — {Lit, Gaz,J
HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.
PROCEEDINGS IN PARLIAMENT.
Jan. 16. Her Majesty opened the
Parliament in person, and delivered the
following most gracious Speech : —
" My Lor(Ut and Genilemeny
** Since you were last assembled I have
declared my intention of allying myself in
marriage with the Prince Albert of Saxe
Coburg and Gotha. I humbly implore
that the divine blessing may prosper this
union, and render it conducive to the in.
terests of my people, as well as to my own
domestic happiness; and it will be to me
a source of the most lively satisfaction to
tind the resolution I have taken approved
by my Parliament. The constant nroofs
which I have received of your attachment
to my person and family persuade mc
that you will enable me to provide for
such an establishment as may appear
suitable to the rank of the Prince, and
the dignity of the Crown.
*' I continue to receive from foreign
powers assurances of their unabated de-
sire to maintain with me the most
friendly relatioub.
" I rejoice that the civil war, which
had so lone: disturbed and desolated the
Northern Provinces of Spain, has been
brou>;ht to an end, by an arrangement
satisfactory to the Spanish goveniment
and to the people of those provinces ; and
1 trust that, ere long, peace and tranquil,
lity will l>c re-established throughout the
rciit of S|>ain.
*' The affairs of the levant have con.
tinned to occupy mv most anxious atten-
tion. The concord which has prcv'ailed
amongst the five powers has prevented a
renewal of hostilities in that quarter, and
I hope that the same unanimity will
bring these important and difficult matters
to a final settlement, in such a manner as
to uphold the integrity and independence
of the Ottoman Empire, and to give ad.
ditional security to the peace of Europe.
** I have not yet been enabled to rc-
ettUblihh m^' diplomatic reUtions with the
Courtjof Icheran; but communications
which I have lately received from the
i*orsian government inspire mc with the
confident cx^ctation that the differences
which occasion a suspension of those re
lations will soon be satisfactorily ad-
juitted.
Gent. Mag. Vol. XIII.
** Events have happened in China
which have occasioned an interruption of
the commercial intercourse of my sub-
jects with that country. I have given
and shall continue to give the most se.
rious attention to a matter so deeply af-
fecting the interests of my subjects and
the dignity of my CroviTi.
" I have great satisfaction in acquaint-
ing you that the military operations under-
taken by the Governor General of India
have been attended with complete suc-
cess ; and that in the expedition to the
westward of the Indus the officers and
troops, both European and Native, have
displayed the most distinguished skill and
valour.
** I have directed that further papers
relating to the affairs of Canada should be
laid before you, and I confide to your
wisdom this important subject.
*^ I recommend to your early attention
the state of the Municipal Corporations
of Ireland.
**' It is desirable that you should pro-
secute those measures relating to the Es-
tablished Church which have been re-
commended by the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners of England.
•' Gentlemen qfthe Route of Commonit
" I have directed the estimates for the
services of the year to be laid before yoti.
They have been framed with every atten-
tion to economy, and, at the same time,
with a due regard to the efficiency of those
establishments which are rendered neces-
sary by the extent and circumstances of
the Empire. I have lost no time in
carrying into effect the intentions of Par.
liament by the reduction of the duties on
Postage ; and I trust that the beneficial
effects of this measure will be felt
throughout all classes of the community.
*• My LordHand Genilemeny
" I learn with great sorrow that the
commercial embnrrassments which have
taken place in this and other countries
are subjecting many of the manufactur-
ing districts to severe distress. I have to
acquaint you, with deep concern, that the
spirit of insubordination has, in some
parts of the countrv, broken out into
open violence, which was speedily re
2C
194
Parliamentary Proceedings.
ItA.
pressed bj the firmness and energy of the
magistrates, and by the steadiness and
good conduct of my troops. I confidently
rely upon the power of the law, upon
your loyalty and wisdom, and upon the
good sense and right feeling of my people,
for the maintenance of order, the protec-
tion of property, and the promotion, as
far as they can be promoted by human
means, of the true interests of the Em-
pire."
The Duke of Somerset moved the
Address of the House of Peers, and Lord
Sea/ord seconded it. The Duke of Wei'
lington moved as an amendment that the
word *' Protestant *' be inserted before
the word *' Prince," in the first paragraph.
Lord Melbourne said, it was utterly
unnecessary and superfluous. It is re-
quired by the Act of Settlement that he
should be a Protestant The Prince was
not only a Protestant, but descended from
that which has been called emphatically
the most Protestant family in Europe,
for he was descended from the very
Elector whose name stood first in the
protest signed at Spires by six princes
and fourteen cities, against the decision
of the Diet of Augsburg, which protest
was the foundation of Protestantism, and
gave it its name.^-The Duke of Cam-
bridge stated that, having been mu(!b
on the continent, and having had oppor-
tunities of more information on that
subject than most noble lords, he could
state, and he had the highest satisfaction
in doing so, that the Prince whom her
Majesty had chosen for her consort, was
a young man who, from everything he
had heard, he believed would very greatly
contribute to her Majesty's domestic hap-
piness, and whose conduct was in every
way likely to render him popular in the
country, a point which he (the Duke of
Cambridge) considered of very material
importance.
In the House or Commons the Hon.
G. H» Cavendish moved the Address,
and Sir William SomervUle seconded
it. It was agreed to without any amend-
ment being proposed.
The recent verdict obtained against the
Printers of the House, in the action of
Stockdale r. Hansard, was taken into
consideration even before the Address to
her Majesty. After a long debate,
William Evans and John Wheelton, es*
quires. Sheriff of Middlesex, John Joseph
Stockdale, Thomas Burton Howard,
Thomas France, esq. Under Sheriff,
James fiurcbell, esq. Deputy Under
Sheriff, and William Hemp, bailiff, were
ordered to attend the House the nexl dty.
Jan, 17. Lord John But9$ii mofed
*< that John Joseph Stockdale has been
guilty of a high contempt, and a breach of
the privileges of this House.*' Mr. LaWf
as an amendment, moved his discharge ;
the House divided. Ayes 249, Noes 102,
and after a second division. Ayes 299,
Noes 105, Stockdale was committed to
the custody of the Serjeant-at-Arms.
Jan. 20. Lord John RwtieU moved a
resolution that the levy of the ezecutioo
for 646/. on the property of Messrs. Han-
sard was in contempt of the privileges of
the House. After an animated discus-
sion, which lasted some time, the Resda-
tion WAS carried by a majority of 205 to
90. Lord John Russell then moved the
following Resolution, '* That tbe She-
riffs be ordered to refund the said 6M/.
forthwith to Messrs. Hansard,* which was
carried by a majority of 197 to 85.
Lord John then moved, ** That the She-
riffs be committed to the custodv of the
Serjeant-at-Arms.** A discussion en-
sued, which was eventuaUy adjourned.
On the following day, the Sheriffs pe-
titioned the House to be discharged. Mr.
Fitzroy Kelly moved that the Sfaerifis*
Petition be taken into consideration.
Lord John Russell opposed tbe motion.
On a division, there were 99 for the mo-
tion, and 210 against it. Lord John then
pressed his former motion, namely, that
tbe Sheriffs be committed to the custody
of the Serjeant-at-Arms. On a division,
the numbers were for the motion 195, and
94 against it. On Wednesday Mr.
Howard, Mr. Stockdale's attorney, was
called to the bar, and examined at some
length, and, on expressing his regret, was
reprimanded by the Speaker and ^*
charged.
Jan. 24. The Serjeant-at-Arms ap-
peared at the Bar of the House ; and
stated that on tbe previous evening he Imd
been served with a writ of habeas eorgms
from the Court of the Queen's Bench,
commanding him to produce in Court
the bodies of the Sheriffs of London and
Middlesex; and that, in answer, he
stated that he conceived it to be his duty
to submit the question to the further con-
sideration of the House. — The Attorney-'
General then moved that the Serjeant-at-
Arms be directed to make a return to the
said Court, that he holds the bodies of
the Sheriffs by virtue of a warrant issued
under the hands of the Speaker by the
authority of the House of Commons, for
a contempt and a breach of the Privi-
leges of that House. This motioo was
carried mthout a division.
1840.]
195
FOREIGN NEWS.
INDIA.
The ceremony of laying the first stone
of a new cathedral at Calcutta, was per-
formed on the 9th October. The site of
the proposed building is on the plains to
the south-eastward of the fort, about two
and a half miles from St. James's Church,
about two miles from the present cathe-
dral, the old church, and the Scotch kirk.
It is to be in the form of a cross,
in the florid Gothic style of architec-
ture, with a tall and handsome spire.
The first stone was laid in a trench
which murks the intended south wall
of the cathedral. The inscription, to-
gether with specimens of the currency
of the presidency, and an English so-
vereign, was inclosed in a bottle, among
dry sand intended for its preservation. It
was read to the assembly bv the Rev.
Mr. Pratt, the bishop's chaplain, and was
as follows : —
In the XRmc of the Bh^»ed and Undivided
Trinity. The First Stime of a Church, to be
railed and known by the name of St. Paul's
Cathkdral, Calcutta, and desis^ned for the
womhip of Almighty (ioi), accfiroini^ to the
(iortriiir and diitcipline of the .Vpostolirai Re-
formed (liurrh of Kui^land ami Ireland, was
laid b> Danikl Bi*4hop of Calcutta, and Mc-
trorM>litan of India^ aAsistodby thr Arrhdoaron
ana (Jlergy, and in the prenenre of many of
the di.Htinriiished Grntr\' of Calcutta, on Tues-
day, the Hth day of Octot>er, in the year of our
I^rd, 1K39, and in the ThinI Year of the reirn
of her Most Kxrellent Majesty Virtona,
Queen of (ireat Hritain and Ireland.— The site
Has icrantiHl by the Kitrht Honourable (jeori^
l»rd Auckland, (t.C.H., (iovemor-Gencral of
India, and the Honourable (Lionel W. Mori-
«o:i, C.H.f the Hon. T. C. Kobt'rtson, and tlK*
Hon. W. VV. Bird, Menil>er!i of the Supreme
C^iunrJI, in the name of The Honourable the
fcia^t India Company.— The De.Mii^nM ami PlaiLS
wen' ilrawn by W. N. Kori»es, Major of Kn-
Kineent, and Ma.ster of the Honourable Com-
pany*!! Mint ; and the Building ia to l>e Krert-
ed (if lion i<« pleaMHl to neniiit,) under the
Sui)erintendenre of (%ilonei 1). Maeleod, Chief
Fncine<T, the above-iiame<l Major Korl>e««. and
W. R. Fitxin'raUl, (^ptain of Kngineen* and
Civil Architt>rt.
** Exre|>l the l/>rd build the house, thi'ir la-
bour is but lost that build it."— I'salm rxxvii.
"His name (.MkspiahN) nhall emlnre for
e\er ; hut name shall be rontiiiiied as loiisr ax
the sun ; and men shall 1m* bU*s.sed in Him ;
all nations stuill rail Him blesseil. Blessed be
the Ijnnn Otin, the (Jon of Ihrakl, vho only
doeth wondrous thinirs. And blesiwMl be Ids
K^lorious name for ever; and let the wiude
earth be ftlletl with hi*( glor)* ; Amen and
Amen.'*— INalin Uxii. 17—19.
At the December meeting of the So-
ciety for piomoting Christian Knowh dge,
the Secretary read a letter from the Hi-
shop of (yalcutta, in which he stated his
intention to build a cathedral 200 feet
long, tiO feet wide, and 60 feet high, with
u noith and south transept, and a spire at
nearly like Norwich Cathedral, as one
220 feet high could be like one 313 feet
high. He intended that his present arch-
deacon should act the part of a dean»
whilst four native clergymen might act as
prebendaries. His lordship said — '* /
give myself altogether t»o lucks (80,000/.),
one immediately, the other probably not
till after my deaths I shall have to raise
by subscription here and at home the re-
mainder." The whole expense, includ-
ing the endowment, is estimated at
(iOjOOO/. We have great pleasure in add-
ing, that the subscriptions promised in
Calcutta to the 12th of October were
15,300/. ; that the Christian Knowledge
Society has voted a grant of 5,000/. ; and
the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel has promised to endow a preben-
dal staU, which is equivalent to 3,000/.
CHINA.
, Two very violent outrages against the
English have been committed by the
Chinese authorities. In an affray be-
tween some seamen of the Volage and the
Chinese, one of the latter was killed.
C«pt. Elliot xvas applied to by Commis-
sioner Lin to deliver up the homicide.
He refused. Measures were immedi-
ately taken to expel all the British inha-
bitants from Macao. The injustice of
this proceeding was aggravated by the
adoption of every species of seventy in
currying it into effect. The second out-
rage x^-as of a more serious character.
Tlic Black Joke, having on board one pas-
senger, a Mr. Moss, and six I^ascars, was
obliged to anchor in the Lantaod Passage,
to wait for the tide. Here she was sur-
prised bv three Mandarin boats, by whose
crews she was boarded ; the Lascars, all
but one, butchered ; and Mr. Moss shock-
ingly mutilated. These proceedings gave
rise to further measures of hostility. On
the 4th Sept. Captain Elliot came from
Hong Kong to Macuo in his cutter, in
(*ompany with the schooner Pearl, to ob-
tain provisions for the fleet. The Man.
darins, however, on board the war junks
opposi'd their embarkation, when Cap-
tain Elliot intimated that if in half an
hour the provisions were not allowed to
)NiKS, he would open a fire upon them.
The half hour passed, and the gun was
iired. Three war juuks then endeavoured
to put to sea, but were compelled by a
weiUdirccted fire of the cotter and the
Peari to seek shelter under the walls' of
Coloon Fort. About six o'clock, the
Volage frigate hove in sight, and the
boat of Caft. I>ougUu, with 24 British
196
Domestic Occurrences.
[Feb.
seamen, attempted to board the junk, but
without success. Capt. Douglas's boat
then opened a fire of musketry, by which
one inferior Mandarin and four Chinese
soldiers were killed, and seven wounded.
The result, however, was, that the pro-
\asions were not obtained, and that the
Chinese junks escaped. As a matter of
course, all trade is at an end, and the
Americans are taking advantage of the
present state of affairs to further their
own interests.
CHIVA.
Russia has declared war against the
Khan of Cbiva, upon which the Journal
des Debats remarks : " While the
power of England is extending more and
more in Central Asia, that of Russia is
descending towards the same regions,
where sooner or later they must ulti-
mately meet. Russia now sepds an ex-
pedition against the Khan of Chiva, in
Independent Tartar^, beyond the Caspian
Sea. The declaration of war published
by General Berowsky, the commander of
the expedition, is destined ' to impress the
savage hordes of Cbiva with respect for
the Russian name, and to strengthen in
that part of Asia the legitinute influence
which Russia has a right to possess.* "
DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES.
Nov, 29. A fire broke out at Rvfford
Hallf Notts, the seat of the Earl of
Scarborough. His Lordship and the
whole of the inmates had retired to rest.
It probably originated from the foulness
of some of the flues. Several of the
rooms were completely destroyed, includ-
ing the library, dining-room, and draw-
ing-room, situated in the front of the
building, with the furniture, pictures,
books, &c. The loss sustained is cstimat-
ed at several thousand pounds.
Dec. 9. The magnificent steam-ship
the President was floated out from the
dock, at Messrs. Curling and Young*s,
ship-builders, at Limehouse. The com-
parative dimensions of this vessel and of
the British Queen are thus: —
Brit.Q. Pres.
Length extreme from ft. ft.
figure-head to taffrail 275 248
Ditto on upper deck . . 245 233
Breadth within paddle-
boxes 40 41
Ditto over all 64 68
Tonnage 2016 2366 tons.
Power of Engines 500 600 horses.
The President, it will be seen, is the
larger vessel so far as regards her tonnage
and horse power. She has three decks,
is built of oak, with fir planking and has
three masts. Her upper deck is flush
from the bows to the stem, and is without
a poop.
Dec, 22. The peaceable town of Kan-
furkf CO. Cork, was thrown into the
greatest state of excitement, at the intel-
ligence that about 300 acres of Colonel
Longfield's bog, at Farrandoyle, had ad-
vanced through the country carrying de-
struction in its course. Occasionally it
moved in a compact body ; sometimes, on
meeting obstructions, it rose in angry
surges like the sea, elevating enormous
pieces of bqgwood. The course of the
Brogeen stream was impeded, as the bog
got into the valley, and the water, haTing
become considerably swollen, forced on
the whole mass with fearful violence, and
dispersed the bog-stufi* and timber to a
considerable distance up the acclivities.
It is to be regretted that bog-dmber to
the value of at least 500/. passed into the
Blackwater, and that no less than 1 ,200
acres of meadow and pasture land have
been covered to an average of ten feet.
The first movement of the bog was ob-
served by Mr. Robert Swayne of Kan-
turk, who was shooting on it at the time,
and narrowly escaped being lost. He
saw the impetus commence in the centre.
Fortunately, however, no lives were lost.
Dec. 24. On Christmas eve, about six,
the residents in the houses along the
coast between Lyme and SttatoUf co.
Devon, were alarmed by a convulsion of
the earth, attended with fearful sounds.
This was succeeded by reiterations of the
phenomena, and it was soon ascertained
that a course of mischief was in serious
operation, at a part of the coast cadled
Gowlands. The convulsions of the earth
continued at various intervals from the
night of the 24th to Friday evening the
27th, and withm that space of time occa.
sioned the prostration and subsidence of
buildings of various descriptions, and the
displacement of large tracts of soil. About
sixty or seventy acres (it may be more),
parted from the main land, and advanced
or slid towards the sea, leaving a chasm
of great depth and breadth. The sea-
shore, which lately was low and shelving,
is now risen up in a mighty ridffe or
break-water, of more than a mile in
length, and of considerable height. In-
side this ridge is a beautiful pool, of some
extent and depth, with a naturally-formed
entrance for boats at high water. In the
chasm are to be seen fragments similar to
1 840.]
Domestic Occurrences.
197
the ruins of a vast building — pinnacles and
pillars, round, square, and angular, some
of whose summits are crowned with the
turf and grass of the ruined land —
also trees, which lately adorned the sides
of the cliffs, lying with their roots up-
wards ; and the numerous cracks visible
in the bottom of .the chasm cannot fail to
impress the spectator with an awful
thought of the convulsions with which
nature produces such a wonderful altera-
tion. The chasm is somewhat of a cir-
cular form — the edges are of course rug.
ged. A singular lofty rock, above thirty
feet high, known by the name of " the
Priest," is laid prostrate. Another stand-
ing on the sea-shore, called *' the Pinna-
cle Rock," an erect pillar, which used to
be visible from the road leading to Beer,
is now hidden by the great ridge, and ap-
pears like a leaning tower, near the edge
of the pool. The Breakwater at Ply-
mouth sinks into nothing when compared
with the vast ridge which a freak of na-
ture has produced here in the space of a
few hours. The sea outside the ridge is
several fathoms deep, and has a sandy
bottom, which before was rocky. The
clifis on the coast do not appear to have
suffered any disruption, all the mis-
chief being inUnd. A huge rock, fifty
feet high, appears in the sea off Culver-
hole, nearly a quarter of a mile from the
fipot where the principal scene of mischief
presents itself. Providentially no lives
were lost ; and ^Ir. Chappel, the renter
of an estate called OowUmds, upon which
lour of the destroyed cottages stood, suc-
ceeded in saving most of the furniture of
the poor occupiers. On the following
morning the cottages had sunk up to their
roofs. The total loss of property is esti-
mated at (jUUOt Among the sufferers is
Mrs. Inman, of Bishop's Hull, whose
lo9s is estimated at upwards of 2,(XX)iL
Mr. Hallett, of Axmouth, and Mrs.
Dare, also suffered heavily. The new
road from Charmouth to Lyme is utterly
destroyed.
The uniform Penny Pottage com-
menced on the lOthof January. The
number of letters despatched from the
metropolis on that day amounted to
112,UUU. The daily average for Jan.
1839, was about 30,000 only. Of this
Urge number of letters, 13,000 or 14,000
only were unpaid. The number brought
into Ijondon by the rooming mails of
Saturday, was nearly 80,000, a brge por.
tion of which, as all from Ireland and
Scotland, and the remote parts of Eng-
land would, of course, be at the fourpenny
rate. The number has subsequently been
much less.
By a minute dated the 26th Dec. the
Lords of the Treasury reported that they
had received more than 2,600 communi-
cations in consequence of their minute of
the 23d of August, proposing to receive
communications from the public with re-
ference to the Letter Stamps named in
the Act 2 and 3 Vic. cap. 52, and offer-
ing certain rewards for the same. Their
Lordships state that many of them dis-
play much ingenuity, and are highly ta-
tisfactory, as evincing the interest taken
by men of science, and by the public in
general, in the measures in progress.
Upon full deliberation, however, their
Lordships do not think it will be advis-
able to adopt any one of the specific plans
proposed, without modification and com-
oination with other arrangements; and,
therefore, have decided not to give the
specific sums mentioned in their minute
of 23A August, but have selected four
communications which are the most dis-
tinguished either for originality or for
completeness, and from which they
have derived the greatest service, and de-
cided to award the sum of 100/. for each.
The authors of these four communicatioiis
are as follow, the names being arranged
alphabetically, viz. : — Messrs. Bogaraus
and Coffin (who have acted together);
Air. Benjamin Chiverton; Mr. Henry
Cole ; and Mr. Charles Whiting.
Their Lordships, upon full considera-
tion, have decided to require that, as far
as practicable, the postage of letters shidl
be pre-paid, and to effect such pre-pay-
ment by means of stamps. Their Lord-
ships are of opinion that the convenience
of the public will be consulted, more es-
pecially at first, by issuing stamps of vb-
rious kinds, in order that every one may
select that description of stamp which is
most suitable to his own peculiar drcum-
stances ; and with a view of affording an
ample choice, their Lordships are pleiised
to direct that the following stamps be
prepared : ^
First, Stamped Covers. The stamp
being struck on pieces of paper of the
size of half a sheet of 4to. letter paper.
Second. — Stamped Envelopes. The
stamp being struck on pieces of paper of
a lozenge form, of which the stationers
and others may manufacture envelopes.
Third. — Adhesive stamps, or stamps on
small pieces of paper with a glutinoiis
wash at the back, which may be attached
to letters either before or after they are
written. And
Fourth. — Stamps to be struck on pa-
per of any description which the pubUc
may send to the Stamp -office for that
purpose.
The paper for the first, second, and
third kinds of stamps to be peculiar in iu
198
Domestic Occurrences.
[Feb:
watermark, or some other feature, but to
be supplied to Government by competi-
tion.
The construction of the stamps is ad-
vancing with all speed. In the stamp for
letter-paper, and the adhesive stamp, a
profile of the Queen is the principal or-
nament. The letter-paper stamp is being
engraved by W. Wyon, R.A., medal-
ist to the Mint. Charles Heath is engrav-
ing the drawing taken from Wyon's city
medal, by H. Corbould, intended for the
adhesive stamp. W. Mulready, R.A.,
has furnished the design for the cover and
envelope, which is in the hands of John
Thompson for engraving.
The new system is found to be very ad-
vantageous in some respects, though, it is
to be feared, very ruinous to the revenue :
but the assimilation of the scale of weight
in the London and other district local posts
to that of the General Post letters has given
much dissatisfaction. Its effect (by which
parties are required to pay4rf.,8i., i*., or
16rf., where they formerly paid only 2d,
or 3d.f appears directly in contradiction to
the general spirit of the measure ; and its
operation in London is to throw a vast
deal of business, the advantage of which
formerly accrued to the revenue, into the
hands of the Parcels Delivery Companies.
The Special Commission for the trial
of the Chartist rebels of Newport was
opened at Monmouth on the 10th of De-
cember, the Judges being Lord Chief
Justice Tindal, Mr. Baron Parke, and Mr.
Justice Williams. The luminous charge
of the Chief Justice to the Grand Jury ex-
cited much admiration.
On the 12th the CJrand Jury delivered
by their foreman. Lord Granville Somer-
set, true bills against John Frost, Charles
Waters, James Aust, William Jones,
John Lovell, Zephaniah Williams, J enkin
Morgan, Solomon Britton, Edmond Ed-
monds, Richard Bciifield, John Rees,
David Jones, George Terner ^otherwise
Coles) and John Rces, for hign treason.
In order to comply with the forms cus-
tomary in trials for high treason, the court
was then adjourned to the 31st of Decem-
ber. On that day the procc^ings were
resumed. The Attorney and Solicitor-
General, Serjeants Ludlow and Talfourd,
ifvith Messrs. Wightman and Talbot, ap-
peared for the Crown ; and Sir Frederick
Pollock with Mr. Kelly and Mr.
Thomas for the prisoner Frost. John
Frost was put to the bar. The whole
of the day was occupied in challenging the
Jury. On Wednesday, Mr. Talbot
opened the case on the part of the
Crown ; and the Attorney- General ad-
dressed the Court and Jury. After
which Sir Frederick Pollock objected to
the calling of the witnesses, in conse-
quence of the list of them not having been
given to the prisoner, Frost, agreeiuily to
the terms of the statute. Mr. Kelly f<^-
lowed on the same side, and the Attorney-
General was heard in reply. The Chief
Justice Tindal decided that the trial
should proceed, and the opinion of the
Judges taken, in the event of the result
of the trial making such reference neces-
sary. On the third day the evidence was
entered into ; and on the eighth day
Jon. 8,) after the most patient attention of
the Court and the Jury to the laborious and
eloquent addresses of the Counsel, and
to the immense mass of evidence the
learned Chief Justice summed up in a
very clear, distinct, able, and impartial ad-
dress to the Jury, who retired for half
an hour, and then returned a verdict of
Guilty against Mr. Frost, with a strong
recommendation to mercy.
Zephaniah Williams was'then placed at
the bar. His trial occupied four days :
and Mr. Thomas conducted his defenee.
The Jury returned a verdict of Guilty,
\vith a recommendation to mercy as be-
fore. William Jones, watchmaker, was
put to the bar. Mr. Richards conducted
the prisoner's case, and the trial was con-
cluded on Wednesday Jan, 16. A verdict
of guilty, with a recommendation to
mercy, was also returned in this case.
Charles Walters, Jenkins Morgan,
John Rees, Richard Benfield, and John
Lovell, were then placed at the bar ; and
having been allowed to withdraw their
plea of Not Guilty, they then pleaded
Guilty. Upon them also sentence of
Death was passed, the Court intimating
that they will l»e transported for life.
Four were discharged, the Attorney- Ge-
neral declining to proceed against them.
Two forfeited their bail ; and nine, hav-
ing pleaded Guilty to charges of conspi.
racy and riot, were sentenced to terms of
imprisonment not exceeding one year.
On the 25th .Tan. the objection raised
by Sir Frederick Pollock was argued be-
fore the liftecn Judges in the Court of
Exchequer; when the Attorney-general,
the Solicitor-gcneral, Mr. Serjeant Lud-
low, and Mr. Serjeant Talfourd, ap-
j)eared as Counsel for the Crown ; and
Sir F. Pollock, Mr. F. Kelly, and Sir
AV. Follett for the prisoners. The ar-
guments were continued on Monday the
*27th, and I'uesday the 28th, when the
Judges decided against th'* objection by a
majority of nine to six.— (fi'/onrfflrif, Jan.
29.)
The Chartists in various parts of the
country appear to have fixed upon Sunday
Jan. 12, for further outbreaks both in die
metropolis and in the country; but happily.
V
1840.]
Promotions and Preferments.
199
by the preparations of the government and
police, their machinations were frustrated.
The town of Dewibury, in Yorkshire,
was taken possession of by about 200 men,
who remained about three hours, dis-
charging fire arras, but no particular
damage was done. At Sheffield the af-
fair was of a nauch more serious complex-
ion. Information was received that the
Chartii-ts intended to fire and pillage the
town on Sunday morning at two o'clock.
The troops and constables succeeded in
taking seven or eight of the ringleaders,
but not before one poor man received
14 slugs in his back, three policemen
wiTc stabbed, and one shot in the head
with two slugs. An immense quantity
of firr arms of all descriptions, ball car-
tridges, iron bullets, hand-grenades, fire
balls, daggers, pikes, some 12 or 1 !• feet
long, and swords, were found, together
with a great quantity of crowfeet for dis-
abling horses. The ringleaders in this
savage affair have been committed to
York Castle.
On the evening of Tuesday Jan. 14,
communications were made to the Home-
office that an insurrection was to break out
in the nu'tropolis in the course of that
night or the following morning — the sig-
nal for a general rising to be the setting
on fire of London in different parts. Or-
ders were forthwith issued to the several
barnicks and to the Tower to have the
men put under arms, and the police were
ordered to be on the alert. A very nu-
merous meeting of the Chartists was held
at the Trades' Hall. Abbey Street,
Bctbnal Green ; but they became aware
that the Government was prepared for
them. On Thursday night they assem-
bled again, and the room, capable of
holding about 700, was crowded to excess.
An orator named Spurr was contending
that the only way to preserve the peace
was to be prepared to wage war, and to
bear in mind the words of a celebrated
person, — to put their trust in God, and
keep their powder dry, — when a body of
j)olice appeared at the door, and proceeded
to search all present before they left the
room, and on them, as well as on the floor,
they discovered a great variety of daggers,
knives, sabres, pistols loaded with ball
and primed, and other instruments.
Twelve persons were taken to the sta-
tion-house. After a prolonged investi-
gation at Bow Street, the magistrates dis-
posed of the prisoners on Tuesday the
21 St. Charles Hodson Neesom, as the
chairman of the two meetings, was re-
(}uired to find sureties, himself in 5O01,
and two responsible householders, each
in the sum of 2J0/. Richard Spurr and
Joseph Williams, (a notorious Chartist
Imker in Brick-lane,) were directed to
find bail, themselves in 100/. and two
sureties each in 751. Thomas Rennard,
Thomas Hope, and William Wilkinswere
required to find sureties, themselves in
100/. and two housekeepers in the sum
of jO/. each ; and six other prisoners were
dischai^ed on their recognisances in the
sum of 100/. each. The six first.named
were sent to Newgate to take their trials
at the ensuing session of the Central Cri-
minal Court.
PROMOTIONS, PREFERMENTS, &c.
I
Gazkttf. Promotions.
/>«»r. 16. Jaini's AMhburnor Wilson, only son
of tin- lato Jaiiu'5 Wilwm, «f (ireat Boiton, co.
Uitir. u:('nt. and grandson of Margaret, }<istcr
and coheir of Jamr«t Ashl>urner of Kendal,
in|>ermaker, to take the names of Janie^t Ash-
hiirnrr only.— Conjm. V. A. liarlow. R.N. to
acrept the rrosi* of St. Fenlinando of the first
rlass, conferretl l»> Her Catholic Majesty for
>er\ irei from June 183,5 to May 1837.
Ifrr. 23. Henry Pilkington, IJarrister-
nt-I<aw, to \h: an a^^i^tant Tithe Conimia-
MOIHT.
/Vr. 31. 17th Draxcjon!*, Major .M. (\ 1). 8t.
Qiirntin in t)e lJeut.-( ohinel; brevet Major
.fohn Ijiwren.Hon to be .Mi^^r. — Cold.««treani
(iuard.t, Col. >V. L. Walton to be Lieut.-Col. ;
brevet Col. (Jeo. Bowle« to \te Major ; Lieut,
and Opt. the Hon. Arthur I ptou to be Capt*
«n<l fjeut.. Col.— 50th Foot, Cen. Sir Ueo. T.
Walker. Bart. (J.C.B. to Ik* (>)I.— 52nd Foot,
l.ient.-Cten. Sir Thomaii Arbuthnot. K.C.B.
tu be Col. 99Cb Foot, Major-Gen. Sir Hugh
Cough, K.C.B. to l)e Colonel.— Kifle Brinde^
Cant, (jcorge Buller to be Major. Unat-
taehed, Capt. O. C. Mundy, 43d Foot, to be
Maior.
Jan. 3. George Earl of Clarendon sworn of
the Pri\7 C/Ouncil.
Jan. 7. Lt.-Gen. Sir Lionel Smith, Bart.
and K.C.B. to \te (tovemor and Commander*
in-Chief of the litland of Mauritius.
Jan, 10. The Queen has l)een pleased to
rouiititute a Board of Comroissionenv for super-
intendinir the Male and settlement of waate
landn of the Crown in the British Colonies,
an<l the ronveyanrc of Kmigrants thither,
niulrr the title of "The (V>lonial Land and
Kniii^ration Board;** and to appoint 'I'honias
Kretlerirk Klliot and Ri)bert Torren.s, tnqn.
and the Hon. Edw. E. Villlcm, to Im» the Com-
niinsioners.— RolM>rt Torrens^ an<l T. F. Klliot,
e.M<iri. and the Hon. E. E. Villiern, to be also
*'tne Colonization Cominitsioners of South
Australia.**
Jan, 10. 14th Foot, Capt. James Watson to
200
Preferments and Sirths.
[Feb.
be Miyor.^Unattached, Capt. L. M. Cooper,
from 11th Light Dragoons, to be Msgor.
Jan. 15. George Lord Kinnaird sworn of
the Privy Council.— George Earl of Clarendon
sworn Keeper of the Privy Seal.— Sir Wil-
liam Trelawny, Bart, sworn Lord Lieutenant
and CustOB Rotulorum of Cornwall.
Jan. 15. Thomas Fitzherbert Brockholes,
of Cloughton-haU. esq. to be Sheriff of the
county palatine of Lancaster.
Jan. 17. 80th Foot, Capt. Samuel Lettsom
to be Miyor.
Jan. 21. Major-Gen. Sir Willoughby Cotton,
K.C.B. tobeG.C.B.
Jan, 24. Coldstream Guards, Lieut, and
Capt. Frederick Paget to be Capt. and Lieut.-
Col. — Scots* Fusilier Guards, Lieut, and Capt.
George Moncrielfe to be Capt. and Lieut. -Col.
Lord Stewart de Decies is appointed Custos
Rotulorum of the county of waterford, and
Colonel of the county militia.— The Hon. James
Howard to be Private Secretary to Lord Mel-
bourne, vice the Hon. Spencer Cowper. — The
Hon. P. Bouverie to be Precis Writer at the
Foreign Office.— The Hon. Mr. Spring Rice and
Mr. Mston to be Clerks in the Foreign Office.
Naval Promotions and Appoint-
ments.
Coast Blockade.— Commander M'Hardy, to be
Captain ; Lieut. George Palmer, to be Com-
mander.
Appointment*.— CKot. W. Broughton, of the
Samarang, and Capt. J. Scott, of the Presi-
dent, have exchanged ships ; Lt. and Comm.
M. Donellan, to the Crescent.— Comm. T.
Anson, to the Pylades.— Comm. Pritchard,
to the Blenheim.
Members returned to tnt in Parliament,
iBwertev.— Sackville Lane Fox, estj.
Birmingham.— G. F. Muntz, esq.
Dft?a«/H)r/.— Henry Tufnell, esq.
Edinburgh.— Kt. Hon. T. B. Macaulay, re-el.
Newark.— T. W^ilde, esq. Sol. -gen. re-ef.
Penryn and Falmouth.— ^E^w. John Hutchins,
esq.
Southcark.—Bcnjtim'in Wood, esq.
Ecclesiastical Preferments.
Dr. James Bowstead, (Bishop of So<lor and
Man.) to be Bishop of Lichfield.
Rev. H. Pepys, to be Bp. of Sodor and Man.
Rev. John Rawes to be a Minor Canon of
Bristol.
Rev. C. A. Arnold, Langho P.C. I>anc.
Rev. J. Barney, Charlton- Adam V. Som.
Rev. — Bayley, Ackworth R. Yorkshire.
Rev. T. Berney, lIockcrlng-wilh-Matti.shall-
Bergh R. Norfolk.
Rev. A. Browne, Alfane V. co. Lisniore.
Rev. T. B. L. Browne, Flint P.C.
Rev. L. A. Cliff, Tliorn Falcon ItSom.
Rev. J. Coghlan, Bethnal Grct'n New Church.
Rev. T. B. Conev, Ihicklcchurch V. Glouc.
Rev. J. Dodd, Hampton Poyle R. Oxon.
Rev. J. Dovell, Martinhoe R. Devon.
Rev. J. W. F^wards, Baddeley R. Cheshire.
Rev — Garrett, Bruton P.C. Som.
Rev. J. W. Geldart, Kirk Ueizhton R. York.
Rev. J. D. Giles, Skendleby \ . Line.
Rev. H. Gubbins, Clonelty and Clonnes:h RR.
CO. Limerick.
X Rev. W. Gumev, Lightcliffe P.C. York.
'\Rev. W. S. Hacfley, Isle Brewer's V. Som.
5V. A. Hewlett, Astley P.C. Lane.
U
Rev. F. Hildyard, Swannington with Wood-
dalling R. Morf.
Rev. J. Hullett, Upton P.C. Cheshire.
Rev. Josiah James, Dore Abbey R. Heref.
Rev. F. M. KnoUis, Congerstone BL Leic.
Rev. A. W. Langton, Little Fraimham R. Norf.
Rev. £. S. Lewis, Southease R. Sussex.
Rev. T. Massey, Hatcliffe R. Line.
Rev. E. Moore. Whitchurch R. Oxon.
Rev. H. I. Nicholson, Great Paxton V. Hunts.
Rev. W. Pigott, Oakley V. Bucks.
Rev. E. Rimell, Marystow V. Devon.
Rev. J. Rose, Dowland P.C. Devon.
Rev. W. Scott, Christchurch, Hoxton, P.C.
Middlesex.
Rev. — Skrimsher, St. Andrew's, Hertfoni R.
Rev. T. Stoneham, Ketley P.C. Salop.
Rev. W. Thorpe, Wookey V. Som.
Rev. G. T. Turner, Kettleborough St. Andrew
R. Suffolk.
Rev. F. P. Walton, Ainderby V. York.
Rev. P. J. Watherston, Charlton Horethorne
V. Somersetshire.
Rev. W. M. Williams, Halkin R. Flint.
Rev. G. Wray, Leven R. York.
Rev. — Wrightson, Hemsworth V. York.
Chaplains.
Rev. J. distance to the dow. Lady Snifield.
Rev. I). Rowlands to the Earl of Grosford.
Rev. W. D. Veitch to the Marquis of Bute.
Rev. H. W. Wright to the Northern Asylam
of the Blind and the Deaf and Dumb at
Newcastle.
Civil Preferments.
Wm. Gurdon, esq. to be Recorder of Bary St.
Edmund's.
Sir George Carroll, Knt. elected an Alderman
of London, vice Birch, resigned.
The Rev. Miles Atkinson to be Principal of
the Gloucester Training and Commercial
School.
Rev. F. N. Highmore to be Head Master of
Buniley Free Grammar School.
Rev. G. T. Terry, Head Master of Thornton
Grammar School.
Rev. J. Dunningham, Master of Colchester
Grammar School.
Rev. J. Nalson, Master of Rotherham Gram-
mar School.
Rev. C. C. Roberts, to be fourth Master of St.
Paul's School, London.
BIRTHS.
Xor. 13. The wife of John Booth, esq. of
Glendon Hall, Northamptonshire, a uau.
Dec. A. In Upper Grosvenor-st. the Wife of J.
W. Hogg, esq. M.P. a son. 20. At Lewknor
vicarage, I^ady Caroline Garnier, a son.
At Pickenham Hall, the wife of W. L. "W.
Cliutc, esq. M.P. for West Norfolk, a son.
21. At Clifton, the wife of S. T. Cuthbert, esq.
a son and heir. 26. At Calke abbey, the
lady of .Sir G. Crewe, Bart, a dan.
Latebj. At Naples, the Marchioness of
Sligo, a* dau. In Dorset-square, the wife of
the Hon. Wm. Stourton, a dau. At TVema-
ton-hall, Cornwall, the wife of Capt. J. Jenris
Tucker, Royal Navy^ a dau. At Rickmans-
worth, Herts, the wife of Lieut.-Col. Bradlbrd,
a son. At Capernway-hall, Lancashire, the
wife of Geo. Marton, esq. M.P. a son and heir.
Jan. 1. At Bath, the lady of Sir W. S. R.
Cockburn, Bart, a dau. ^The wife of the
Rev. W. J. Brodrick, Rector of Bath, a son.
— 3. In Bclgrave-sq. the Hon. Mrs. SAonder*
\
ISIO]
Marriages,
?oii, a son. At tli<» rerton-, Yiwviltnn, tin*
\\\U' «if'tlio K«*v. l{4't(iiiaM ruli', a ilan.- - ."». In
l'urtlaii<l-)»l. I^iily 'rciirninoiitli, a snii nii«l lii*ir.
r». At K:i-t llorslf\ ri>t-tor>, tlir lail\ of tlif
11)111. and Krv. A. r. l*vnv\jil,a S4)n. ' 'j. At
H.ironN (.'onrt, r«i. Tyrinn*, tin- .Mnrrliinncss
nr AlMTiiirn, a «lau.- ' -At Aflon lionsi', 1. \V.
till- wilrof li«>iij. Cottuii, «-si|. n son ami ht'ir.
-II. In l>c\on*>|iirt>-pln(-i' tin' wilVof l«:ilw.
S'lliv lyiwndi's. csii. a son. 13. At Sliirlry,
iirar Sonthan)|itoi),tht' wifforit. \V.<ire«'iirirl(l,
«••>•!. a son and ii:in.- — At th«» DowairiT l«idy
Aiundrll's, tin' Hon. Mrs. NiMvr, n dan.- -
17. Ill I |»|MT llarlty-st. tlio Ud> A. lU-vaii,
a *«on.
aiakiua(;ks.
Oft. 29. At Ulair Driiiniiioiid, I^ml IJlon-
Koii to Mi>s lioiiit* Druiiiiiiund.
Snv. \'i. At BliiMij, Ijrut. J. I». Major, 11th
Inf., ltonilia>, to fcnlia, y(niniir>"«t dan. of
JaiiH's Itnrnt >, «'s»j. Montrosi*. and sister of
Ln-nt.-rol. Sir Alc\aiidrr Riirnrs, Krsidrnt at
Candaliar.
•JI. At .'^t. (J.-orp'N, Haii.-s(|. Wm. J. tVr-
ir»is4in, ,«»„j. Hti*(>nd son of tin* Rev. Dan. F.
KiTtor of Wajkiiiifttni, iirar ll<'verloy, to Ilar-
rn-t Fi»st<T, younici-st dau. of the late William
HiMulry, •■sii. of Mull.
»1. At ll«.ssall, York. (Hiristoi.hiT W. C.
Chavtor. v^%\ of .*<[M'nnitlionit> Hall, to Ara-
iM'lla-.Sopliia. youiii^cr dan. »»f Hfiiry Darifv,
•"••I. of AIdh) Park.
l.titfly. At Karnliain, ^!anlUl>l, SL><*ond .son of
S. IW-r^ji-r, fs«|. of UpiM-r IlonuTton, to Ann,
uni\ dan. of tlii> late J. Catlirart, <>si|. <»f
<oinM k, <o. Wisrtown. \t li<>aniini?ton, thf
Kr\. A. \\. (;n':rorv, Vir.ir of (*orl«'\, Warw.
to Louisa, dan. of kt'\. Dr. KussrII, Ki^'tor of^
.XiiL^hlarliiT, FiTinaiiai;li. At Allliallows
l>iinliard->«t. Kri*«lfrirk,S4iiiof Koli. lfn>u:(liton»
♦'M|. of till- WandsHorth-ntad, to Kliza-.Mary,
dan. iif Col. \V. M<Miri>, anil icran<l-dan. «>f the
lati- (irn. Hartl\«irk(>, of ttif l^xli^c. South
iMiiiilN-tli. — \i Calnitta, lii-ojNthl J. H. (jn>y,
i»«i|. ('i\d Stvu'i*, rld»'si Mnrvi\inir ''"ii of the
l.iti- Uinl Itishoii of Hen'fonI, to Wdhrlmiiia,
dan. lit till- late Nfattheu IjOW, eNi|. .\t lk*r-
tiain|Nire, \N in. Alexander, cmj. (.'ivil .STVire,
til Mai\ (irey, dan. of th*> late Hishop of Hen**
fiinl. -At Tiinuito, the Krv. John .M'Caul,
I.I..I). rriiiri|»al of I' p|M.*r Canada rolle<r>', late
of iMililin, to Kniily, dau. of Mr. Jn.^tice
Joili'S.
/>«■«-. .1. \t lieilfont, K. H. DouurIa<(, rH«|. to
Mar\ St'lina. dan. of (?apt. K. ljani:Mlow, of
Hattnii. .\t .<l. (Ji-finre's, Hanover-H(|. A.
Ciillin-rridiri', es<|. H.C.S., to Kliza, youni^t
dan. iif the late .V. Lilley, e!«|. of Cork.
.\t llarkway, Herts, Charlen Day, thii. of St.
N'mt'-, to Caroline, yonnxcst dau. of Anthony
Jarks«»n, esii.- -At Chndlriirh, H. T. Cla<-k,
e-^i|. of .\r:;>ll-pl. l/uidon, ycMiniri'st mou of the
lie\. T. Clack, Kii-tor of Milton Dalnicn:,
Ih'Miii. to Klizaheth, only dan. of C. Ki'miall,
•'••il. -The Kes. S. H. Iturrows. ohli'st son
•if Ue\.S. liiirrows, Vii-ar of Hiii^hlry, ."sihrn,
to .Sirah- Maria, eldest ilaii. of tlie Kcv. J. A.
Ciitton, .M \. Vjrnr of F.I l«*Niii«>ri', Salop.
4. .\t Hertford, John (irefii, i^|. of Krai;-
lMir\ -i-nd. to .Mar> , widow of John llrown, (*H4|.
20]
(Jeorire Slyth, rsq. tn KlizabMli, fourth dau. u
."Mr. <i'eorife Hnnunerston, and niece of the
late Adni. S'ott, of Southampton. At Tot-
iies, the lli'\. J. W. linrronph, M.A. Virar of
Tollies, to l>Miisa-An<;iista, onlv snrvivini;
ilaii. of the Lite John Kojier, esi(. of (fOs|N)rt.
5. At Kilnasulau[lirhurch, Kichanl BaxMctt
Wilson, eM|. of Cliffe Hall, Yorkshire, to Aunc,
MTond dan. of William Fitzar«TaUI. esq. of
Adelphi,ro. Mare, sister of Ijidy OMirien, of
Dromoland. At St. I'ancras, J. K. Watheii,
<si|. of Torrinirton-si|. to Kliza Ashton, only
child of the late J. A. Kichanls, csi|. of Muse-
Icy, Wore. \t St. <'lcment's, Kastcheap,
the Rev. Wm. Xohle, M.A. of St. John's Col-
lege, Camli. to KliMlMtli,dau.<»f I). Mackreth,
«*'»»l- At (ireenwich, Andrew H. Brandram,
••s*!. to Maria, •«e<i)nd dau. of F^tlmund Read,
esq. of Klackheath. At Aylcshiiry, Tliomas
Hitwditch Jortlesoii, es<|. of Wendover, late of
'l>nrmouth, .North iimlK>rland, to Mary-.Majr-
ilalcne, ehlest dau. of the late RolM>rt Dell, ejiq.
.\t 'HioriM", near Norwich, Henr>' Kri dices
Clark, esi|. si'cond s«in of T. T. Clarke, esu. of
Swakeleys, .Miihllesex, to Sophia-Ann, eldest
dan. of the Rev. (ii>orKc Stracey, and grand-
dan. of the late .Sir Kdwanl Stracey, Marl.
6 At .Marple, Cheshire, Charles BellairM,e!«|.
Ron of the R#'v. nenr>- Hellairs, of Bedworth,
Yorkshire, to Anna-Maria, eldest sister of
1. Bradshaw IslewotNl, e:s<i. of Bradshaw and
Marple Hall.
7. At Ditton, near .Maidstone, Robt. Wylde,
.seventh stui of John Barrow, esij. of Wed-
more, Som., to Sophia, fourth dau. of John
lt<ildintr, esq. of l>itton-pl. At St.GeonceX
Han.>.si|. Alex. R. I Jifone, esi|. of Liverpool, to
Kmily-Fetherstone, eldest dau. of T. Uritfin,
e.s<|. of ('heltenham.
U. At .\hinij:er, Surrey, M. A. .Saurin, esq.
xounct'st son of the late Rivrht llim. W. Sau-
rin, to .Vnn-. Maria, n>lict of R. M. Poore, esq.
of Coomhe, Wdts. At Wah-ot, Bath, the
Rev. Wm. Churclull, of Colleton House, i>orH.
to Julia-(*harlotte.Ma4>kenzie, ehlest dau. of
SirOrfonl (ionhtn, of F.ml>o Houhi>, Huther-
landshire.
10. At Wcston..su|)er-Mare. Findlay Ander-
Mui, es4|. K. I. ci\il service, .Madras, to Mary-
Charlotte, sei'oiiil dau. of the late Lieut.-(V>I.
C. .M. F.41 wards, 1st Oylon Reic. At Strat-
fiird-n|)on-Avon, the Rev. Tliomas l>a\iH, of
All .*^ints, Worcester, to (.'hristiana- Maria,
fifth (1.111. of the late RolH>rt Hol>l>es, esi|.
11. At Tunbridire Wells, Wdliam Sinclair,
(SO. ehlest mm of J. Sinclair, eM|. of Hol)-
hili, CO. Tynm<s to Sarah, dau. of J. C. StnNle,
es(i. formerly of Shenifold-iMrk, Sussex.
v\t St. Pancras new church, William Maraluil,
es(|. ehlest sim of the ICev. Wm. Mamlial,
M..\. of Bath, to Mary-.\nn, third dau. of K.
H. liaily, esq. R.A. s4*ulptor.
12. At St. (»eonre'«, Haiiover-Mi. the LonI
Bisliop of Hfreford, to the Hon. ('atharine
(.avendish, sister to Lonl Wateqiark. At
St. <iih>s*s-in-the- Fields, J. T. CartM>nell, e.sq.
of R^nrciit-st. to Klizalieth, eldest dau. of VaI^mt
C'orrie, esq. of Bedford<s4{. At D«Mldinirt(Ui-
hall. Line. John, oidy s(m of 11. Bnimliead,
esq. of Lincoln, to Anne-Fector,younf;eftt dau.
of Col. (;. R. P. Jar\is. At Paris, the Hon.
H. R. Ciirwrn, eldest son of Lonl Teynham, to
i|. eiiiest MUi oi Koiiert iM'Van, em|
iif Riiuirham, SulT. to Samh, dau. of the late
A. Kavklinsim. esq.-- At Knfield, Capt. Rich.
I'a«kes,27tli Hi"j:. to Fanny, third dan. of A.
Pans. esq. of Wev| i>Mt:fi>, H(*rts. \t Hin-
der, .S»m. the Re\. Charles (inltith, of (il>ii
( elyn. ro. Brecon, to Frances-Ann, ehlest dau.
of J. S. S(mierville. esq. At St. Taucras,
Gknt. Mau. Vul. XIII.
dau. of the late 'Hios. l*m-kh', esij. orCUpham.
(*omm(m. Re\. Jacob Robsim, B.D. liM;uni-
bent of 'I'^'hleslex , Mnc. to Anne^ third dau.
of the late Wm. 'Kcch's, es(|. of Uican. At
Tottenham, Thomas Orchard, jun. «'H4|. of
Finchley, to Caroline, third dau. of the late
W. Larkcn, c«i. of Little Hadhani.
'2D
202
Marriages,
[Feb.
17. At Marylebone, Capt. Moyle, lath Boyal
Irish, to Marie-Antoioette, dau. of the late J.
Swaby, esq. At Stanton Drew, Joseph Wal-
ters Daubeny, esq. son of Georg:e Daubeny,
esq. of Cote, to Sarah- Anne-Savag:e, only dau.
of the late Daniel Wait, eso. of Beiluton,
Som. At Gretna-green, and on Jan 20, at
iUl Hallows, Lombard-st. Thomas John Tyl-
ston Pares, esq. of Downine Coll. Camb., and
Narborouf^h Hall, Leic. to Harriette, only dau.
of Thomas Berming^ham, of Galway, Ireland.
At Ross, Heretordahire, George Strona:,
esq. M.D. of Hereford, to Charlotte, only sur-
Tiving child of John Cooke, esq. of the Chase.
18. At Walcot, Bath, Uenrv* John Caldwell,
esq only son of Sir John Caldwell, Bart, to
Sophia-Louisa, eldest dau. of D. K. Paynter,
esq.
19. At Gloucester, William Jones, esq. of the
Sbeepbouse, near Gloucester, to Frances-Mary,
third dau. of the late Rev. Wni. Bayly, D. -D
Vicar of Hartpury.
21. At Marylebone church, Tliomas George
8ymons, esq. 4th Drag. Guards, to Alary-
IJouisa, only child of B H. Symons, esq. of
Baker-st. At St. George's, Bloomsbury,
Charles Augustus Elderton, esq. eldest son
of Lt.-Col. I^lderton, E. I. Service, to Maria-
Tlieresa, eldest dau. of the late Bury Hutchin-
son, esq.
36. At Almondsbury, Glouc. Robert Cann
Lippincott, esq. of Over-court, to Margaret-
Agnes, youngest dau. of Mr. Seij. Ludlow.
At Durham, J. H. Branfoot, esq. M.D. to Jane,
youngest dau. of R. Hutchinson, esq.
27. At Cheltenham, the Rev. Charles Ward-
roper, B.A., Leigh. Glouc. to Laura-Matilda-
Montagu, fourth dau. of the late Lieut.-Col.
Timins, R.M.
81. At Winwick, Lane, the Rev. T. J. Whit-
tinffton, A.M. to Anne-Margaret, eldest dau.
of T. Claughton, esq. At Isleworth, John
Maughan, esq. of Jer\'eaux Abbey, Yorkshire,
to Emily, fourth dau. of James Stanbrough,
esq. At Came, Dorset, the Rev. C. G. New-
comb, son of J. Newcomb, esq. of Upton,
Bucks, to £mily-Georgiana-Elizabeth,youngest
dan. of the Rev. Lord William Somerset.
Lateljf. At Clonmore, Ireland, the Rev. Dr.
Price, Master of the endowed School, and Lec-
turer of St. Olave's, Waterford, to Rosamond,
dau. of Capt. T. Roberts, R.N.,Ahlennan. At
Edinburgh, the Rev. John G. Macvicar, to Jes-
sie, dau. of Lt.-Col. R. Macdonald, of Kinloch-
moidart. At Dublin, Walter Stnckland, esq.
•Idest son of the late George Strickland, e.sq.
of Newton, York^ire, and grandson of the
late Sir G. Strickland, Bart, tu Charlotte, dau.
of John Carroll, esq. At St. Martin's, the
Rev. Heneage Drummond, to Cecil Elizabeth,
datu of Anorew Mortimer and Lady Emily
Drummond.
Jan. 1. At Cheltenham, the Rev. G. H.
Evans, M.A. to Maria- Harriet, youngest dau.
of the late Sir H. M. Farrington. Bart. At
St. Saviour's, Southwark, W. S. Rumsey, es<i.
of Kennington, to Elizabeth, dau. of the Rev.
William Mann, M.A. Chaplain of St. Saviour's.
At Iver, Lumisden Strange, es<|. Madras
Civil Serv. eldest son of Sir T. Stranee, to
Mary Rosa, widow of Lieut. W. Hodgson,
Bengal Horse Art. dau. of the late C^pt. Sam.
Tickell, Bengal Army. At St. Giles's,
Dorsetsh. the Rev. Hinlon (;^tle Smith, A.B.
Lecturer' of Kingsbridge, Devon, to Grace-
Harriet Goodwin, youngest dau. of the late
Rob. Henshaw, esq. Bombay Serw At
Stoke, Devon, P. Bingham, esq. to Clara, dau.
«f the late William Stanley, esq.
2. At Beddington, Morgan Culhane, esq.
M.D. of Croydon, to Vvahy, eldest dau. of the
)ate Adm. James Pffott.
7. At Pickering, the Rev. Arthur W. WaUUL
B.A. late Boden Sanscrit Scholar, Oxf. and
now of Bishop's College, Calcutta, to Jane,
third dau. of Mr. George Watson, of the Ma-
rishes, Thornton. At Highworth, Wilts,
J. F. Bernard, jun. esq. of Stamford-hUl, to
Emily, eldest dau. of the late W. CrowdT, esq.
of Westrop-house. At Trinity Church, Ma-
rylebone, Neil Benj. Edmonstone. Jan. esq.
to Madalina Elinor, only dau. of W. H. Trant,
esq. At Canterbury, the Rev. P. B. Back-
house, Vicar of St. Mary's, Sandwich, youngest
son of the late Rev. J. B. Backhouse, Rector
of Deal, to Harriett-Sophia, youngest dan. of
the late W. Mackeson, esq. of Hytlie. At
Frome, Wilson Clement, second son of the
late C. W. Cruttwell, eso. of Bath, to Geonp-
ana, youngest child of ttie late John Daniel,
esq. At Llanbebleg, Fred. Coxens. esq. son
of the late C. Cozens, esq. of Dorchester, to
Louisa, youngest dau. of W. Jones,.M.D. (late
King's Drag. Guards), of Glan Helen, Oun.
At St. James's, Westminster, A. R. Hole,
esq. Comet, 13th Drag, to Eliz. eldest dau. of
John Mercer, esq. of Maidstone. ^At Bast
Horndon, Essex, tne Rev. Edw. Henry Landon,
M.A. to Juliana Lstitia, eldest dau. of Capt.
Birch, R. Eng.
8. At Dover, Lieut. Fred. Coppin. R.N. to
Laura-Eliza, second dau. of Peter Gionri, esq.
of Chelsea. At Warwick, the Rev. Tlioinas
Fell, Vicar of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, to Laura,
only dau. of Col. Acklom.
9. At Leamington, the Rev. Algernon Turner,
of Wragby, to Sophia, only dau. of the late
Sir Thos. \\Tiichcote, liart. ^The Rev. J. H.
Dyer, Vicar of Great Walt ham, Essex, to Maria-
Anne, youngest dau. of the Rev. C. Maitland,
Rector of Little Langford. Wilts. In Lon-
donderry Cathedral, the Rev. J. B. Story, of
Corick, CO. Tyrone, to Catharine- Eliza, dau. of
the late Valentine Munbee, esq. of Horringer,
Suffolk. Capt. 43rd Reff. At Paddinffton*
John Edm. B. Curtis, Civil Engineer, eldest
son of the late John Curtis, Esq. to Jane-Juliet,
eldest dau. of the late Dr. J. M.WiUon, £. I. ser*
vice. At Bath, the Rev. W. A.Taylor, Rector
of Litrhborough, Northpsh. to Anne-Catharine,
eldest dau. of the Rev. W. Church, of Hamp-
ton, Midd. At Stonehouse, Major Yonnf,
25th Reg. eldest son of the late Col. Sir Aretas
W. Young, to llannah-Clementia, second dau.
of the late Rear- Adm. Peter Puget, C.B.
11. At Bristol. J. R. Marshman, esq. barris-
ter-at-law, to Mary, youngest dau. of the Rev.
T. Roberts, Baptist Minister.
14. At \\o\Qy near Brighton, Goring Rideout,
es(|. 8Sth Keg. grandson of the late bir Bury
Goring, Bart, to Maria-Caroline Laura, young-
est dau. of Newton Dickenson, esq. of Bnghton.
15. At St. George-the-.Mart>T, Henry Vin-
cent, youngest s<m of the late Francis De
Berckeni, esq. of Upper Clapton, to Mary Ana,
only dau. of the late W. Russell, esq. At
Kinnordy, N. B. the Rev. Gilbert Heathcote,
of North Tamerton, Cornwall, to Maria, dau.
of Charles Lyell, esq. Vice-Lieut, of co. ForiRyr.
16. At Southampton, John Francis Du Ver*
net. Can. 82(1 Reg. to Clara Ann, youngest dau.
of Charles Pilgrim, esq.
17. At P(K)Ie, the Rev. C. H. Collins, D.D.
Head Master of Exeter .School, to Sarah, only
sur\ iving dau. of the late Mr. Robert Slide.
18. At .St. George's, Han.-sq. the Rev. Joshua
Nalson, M.A. or Rotherham, to Miss Harriot
Merrick, of Richmond, Surrey. At Christ
Church, Marylebone, Collier Maitland, eso. of
Seymour-place, to Elizabeth-Smyth-Forbes,
youngest dau. of the late Dr. Perrin. M.D.
£. T. Roe, esq. of Clifton, to Cathenne-Maria,
second dau. of the late Henry Raye, esq. ana
granddau. of the late Lieut.-Ool. B. Johnttottc
203
OBITUARY.
Da. Bltler, Bishop or Lichfield.
Dec. \. At Ecclesball Castle, Stafford-
shire, in his 66th year, the Right Rev.
Samuel Butler, D.D. Lord Bishop of
Lichfield.
Dr. Butler was born at Kenihvorth, in
Warwickshire (the birth-place also of the
Bishops of Winchester and Chester), on
the .'50th of January, 1774, of highlv re-
spected parents, residing in that village,
beirijj: the son of Mr. William Butler, and
grandson of Mr. William Butler, for many
years steward of the estates of Lord
Hyde and Lord Leigh, who died in 1760
(see the Hist, of Kenilworth, 1821, p. 52.)
He was educated under Dr. James, at
Kugby School, where he was admitted
March 'M, 1783, and where his rapid
progress in sound and elegant learning
gave promise of his future distinction.
In 17<J*2 he entered into residence at St.
John's College, Cambridge. His career
at that University was brilliantly success-
ful. He obtained three of Sir William
Browne's medals ; two for Latin Odes,
and one for a (Jreek Ode, In 1793, he
was elected to the (yraven University
Scholarship, after a competition with
eighteen distinguished candidates, anions
whom were Dr. Keate, afterwards Head
Master of Kton ; Dr. iiethell, now Bishop
ol Bangor; and Samuel Taylor Cole-
ridge, the eminent poet and philosopher.
Ai the matheniatinil examination for the
degri'e of B.A. in 171K), his name ep.
pt arcd in the list of Senior Optimes; and
he soon after gained the first of the
Chancellor's two gold medals, for the
best classical scholars of the year. In
1 7J)7 and 17JH he carried off the Members'
prize, tor the best Latin Essays by liachc-
Iwrs of arts. In the former year he was
elect«'d Fellow of St. John's College,
and in 17I>S he accepted the Head Mas-
tership ot the Koyal Free (rrammar
School at Shrewsbury, vacant by the
death of the KfV. Mr. Atcherley. It is
well known that, by the learning, energy,
and judicious discipline of Dr. Butler,
Shrewsbury Seh<M>l wasgnidually raised to
a very high rank among similar inntitutions.
AlKMit the same time that Mr. Butler
removed to Shrewsbury, he was selected
by the Syndics of the Cambridge Uni-
versity Press to undertake a new edition
during monument of his creatand varioot
learning. In 1802 Mr. Butler was pre-
sented by the Earl of Clarendon, to the
vicarage of his native place, Kenilworth.
In 1811 he proceeded to the degree of
Doctor in Divinity, and on that occasion
preached the sermon at the installation of
nis Royal Highness the Duke of Glou-
cester, as Chancellor of the University of
Cambridge.
In 1807 Dr. Butler was presented by
Bishop Comwallis to the prebendal stall
of Wolvey, at Lichfield, and in 1822 to
the archdeaconry of Derby ; in dischai^-
ing the duties of which office, his zeal,
diligence, and faithfulness were universally
acknowledged. In 1836, he was pro-
moted, on the recommendation of vis-
count Melbourne, to the episcopal see
of Lichfield and Coventry, vacant by the
death of the pious Bishop Ryder. The
archdeaconry of Coventry being subse-
quently severed from his diocese, and an-
nexed to that of Worcester, by a resolu-
tion of Privy Council dated Dec. 22, 1836,
in pursuance of a recommendation of the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners, his lord-
ship afterwards retained the single title of
Bishop of Lichfield.
His successor at Shrewsbury School
was the Rev. Benjamin Hall Kennedy,
D.D., elected by St. John*s College, Cam-
bridge, who had been one of the eminent-
ly talented and successful pupils of Dr.
Butler. This election, it is well known,
was highly gratifying to the Bishop.
In Bishop Butler we have to lament the
loss of a man of varied acquirements, play-
ful wit, profound learning, unbending inte-
grity, and sound religion ; all accompanied
by a benevolence of heart, a candour of
mind, and simplicity of manner, that were
the graces and adornments of his whole
nature. He was not a mere man of talent,
but the impress of genius, *< the light from
Heaven,** was upon him. Thus, nothing
in him was dry and formal, but living and
vigorous. His talk on the languages, —
U[)on the knowledge of which his fame so
greatly rested, — was not that of one oidy
well skilled in certain critiad details and
nice grammatical distinctions ; but of one
who saw into the life and power of the
thing, and knew the mind that ahimatcd
the whole body. So, also, when be spoke
ot y^^schyluH, with the text and notes of of history, he seemed, like the prophet of
Stanley. This arduous task he gradually that great bard in whose noble songs he
achieved in four volumes ito. 1809-1816, delighted, to see things past, present, and
aiid thus bequeathed to posterity an en. to come. He appeared to have lived
204
Obituary. — Dr, Butler, Bishop of Lichfield,
[Feb.
among the great characters and events of
antiquity. He would bring them down,
and put them before bis hearer, and con-
nect them with present times ; then
" flying forward to the future, and com -
paring one with the other, give a verdict
well nigh prophetical." He was liberal
in his politics, and most charitable in his
religion. He truly venerated the consti-
tution of his country, and deeply loved
that church in whose high places he ruled
with an honest and true heart, and, amid
sickness, and pain, and suffering, served
her faithfully with all his power. His
career had been one of almost unbroken
success. In the university he bore away
the highest classical honours from the
hands of most distinguished competitors.
Placed, when he had scarcely reached
manhood, at the head of the Shrewsbury
school, he raised it from the lowest grade
of depression to the highest pitch of dis-
tinction ; sending forth from her venera-
ble walls an intellectual progeny, who
have tilled both Universities with his and
their fame. Laden with the honours flow-
ing in upon him, as the fruit of thirty-
eight years* successful labour, he was
raised, in 1836, to the episcopate. From
that moment to his death he knew no day
of health, scarcely an hour free irom suf~
fering. Yet this has been the noblest part
of his life ; for his patient uncomplain-
ing submission to the hand of Goid has
been an example to all around him ; and
his indefatigable attention, *' to his power,
and beyond his power," to the great trust
committed to him, combined with the
mildness of his manner and the fatherli-
Jiess of his conduct, has gained a hold
upon the respect and uffectiun of his
clergy, which no common man, amid such
seclusion as his has necessarily been, could
possibly have acquired.
Dr. Butler married, in 179H, Harriet,
fifth daughter of the Rev. East Apthorp,
D.D., Vicar of Croydon, and Hector of
St. Mary-le-Bow, and sister to the wife
of Dr. Cory, Master of P^manuel college.
By that lady, (who survives him) he has
left issue — Mary, wife of the Ven. Arch-
deacon Bather; Harriet, relict of the late
John Lloyd, esq. of Shrewsbury ; and the
Rev. Thomas Butler, Rector of Laiigar.
No husband and parent could be happier
in his family than the Bishop of Lich-
field; and his declining years were
cheered, cherished, and sustained, under
the divine mercy, by the most unremitting
attentions of filial love and duty.
The remains of the Bishop were
interred in St. Mary*s church, Shrews-
bury. At Atcham, four miles from the
town, twenty-one carriages, containing the
officiating clergymen and the mourners,
joined the prgce«sion; and on reaching
the Abbey Forgate, the corporation, the
clergy, the masters of the schools, and the
tradesmen of the town, took their places.
The melancholy procession slowly wended
through the principal streets to St. Mary's
church, where the service was most affect-
ingly read by the Rev. W. G. Rowland.
The body was then carried to its final
resting-place, and deposited in a vault on
the left of the front entrance of St. Mary's
church-yard, which was constructed for
the purpose many years ago. Every
manifestation of respect was made by the
inhabitants of the diocese, and in Shrews-
bury the day of the funeral was one of
general mourning.
Besides the edition of JSschylus al-
ready noticed. Bishop Butler published
the following works :
M. Musuri Carmen in Platonem, Is.
Casauboniin Josephum Scaligerum Ode.
Accedunt Poemata et Exercitationes
utri usque Lingua?. 1797. 8vo. (see Gent.
Mag. Ixviii. 599).
The Use and Abuse of Reason in
Matters of Faith. 1805. I2mo.
Security in the Divine Protection, a
Thanksgiving Sermon, Dec. 5, 1805.
12mo.
A Letter to C. J. Blomfield (the
present Bishop of London) containing
Remarks on the Edinburgh Review of
the Cambridge iBscbylus. 1810. 8vo.
A Letter to the Kev. S. Batler from
the Rev. J. H. Monk, Greek Professor
in the University of Cambridge, with
Mr. Butler's Answer. 1810. 8vo.
Christian Liberty, a Sermon preached
at St. Mary's, Cambridge, at the Instal-
lation of the Duke of Gloucester. 181 1 •
8vo.
A Sketch of Modem and Ancient
Geography, for the use of Schools. 8vo.
Shrewsbuiy, 1813. Since frequently re-
))rinted, having become a standard book
on the subject, and produced large profits ;
but it is not a work of much value.
An Atlas of Ancient Geography; 20
maps, with Indexes.
An Atlas of Modern Geography ; 21
maps.
A Praxis on the Latin Prejiositions,
being an attempt to illustrate their origin,
power, and signification, in the way of
exercise. 8vo. 18ii^ and three subsequent
editions : and a Key to the same.
Charlehiugne, a Poem by Lucien Buo-
naparte. Translated by the Rev. Dr.
Butler and the Rev. F. Hodgson.
Dr. Butler preached Dr. Parr's funeral
Sermon, which he published in -ko. and
it appears Jrom the Catalogue of Dr.
Parr's Library, p. 393, that he was the
author of the reyiew of Beloe^s Seiage*
narian in the Monthly Review,
1840.] Sir T. S. M. Champneys, Bart. Sir Isaac Coffin, Bart. 205
Dr. Butler long cherished a design of
re-editing ^jschylus, and collected MSS.
for that purpose. It would, no doubt,
have been far sufierior to the former one.
He has left a large and very curious
library, particularly an unrivalled collec-
tion of the Aldine Press t and Greek and
Latifi MSS. which, it is hoped, will goto
the British Museum.
A public subscription has been opened
for a monument to the Bishop's memory,
to which the Duke of Sutherland, Earl
Powis, Lord Benvick, and the Hon. R.
H. Clive, M.P. have subscribed the sum
of 2j/. each.
Flint, Bart, and sister and heiress to Sir
Thomas Mostyn, the sixth and last
Baronet of that fomily. Sir Thomas had
no issue, and the baronetcy has become
extinct.
Sir T. S. M. Champneys, Bart.
Nov. 21. At Orchardlcigh Park,
Somerset, aged 70, Sir Thomas Swym-
mer Mostyn Champneys, the second
Baronet of that place (1767.)
He was born on the 3 1st May 1769,
the only son of Sir Thomas Champneys,
the first Baronet, by his first wife Caro-
line-Anne, daughter of Richard Cox,
es'i. of Quartley, co. Southampton.
He was Lieut.-Colonel commandant of
the Selwood Forest Legion of volunteers
by commission dated Aug. 13, 1802; and
in lH()t he published ** A Letter to Earl
Powlett on the Selwood Forest Legion,"
»vo.
He succeeded to the title on his father's
death, Aug. 21, 1821. Descended from
a family of great antiquity, he, from
early life, asswiated with the highest and
noblest of the land, especially with his
late Alajesty, King George the Fourth.
Amidst this illustrious circle, he was not
only a welcome and a courted guest, but
runimanded universal admiration by his
wit and humour, tempered, as they
were, by courtesy and good taste, and
adonied with the polish of the finished
gentleman. Of his fine perception of the
beautiful, the improvements made by
him in his ancestral domain of Orchard-
lcigh, are an indisputable proof. As a
magistrate he evinced acuteness, discern-
ment, and impartiality, united with admir-
able uct and good temper. As a public
sjicaker he possessed facility, graceful-
ness, and perfect self-possession, with a
felicitous diction. Of^ the poor, whilst
he had the means, he was an extensive
employer and liberal benefactor — and
these, added to his unvarying kindliness
of manner, rendered him not only popu-
lar Hmongst them, but beloved almost to
ciithuHiaitm. His life wa^ of a chequered
character, but lu; ended his days in peace,
amidst the consolations of religion.
He married on the 2Ut of April 1792,
( harlotte Margaret, second daughter of
Sir Roger Mwtyn, of Mostynbali, eg.
Adm. Sir Isaac Cophk, Bart.
July 23. At Cheltenham, aged 80, Sir
Isaac Coffin, Bart. G.C.H. Admiral of
the Red.
This gallant old officer was the fourth
and youngest son of Nathaniel Coffin,
esq. Cashier of the Customs in the port
of Boston, America, by Elizabeth,
daughter of Mr. Henry Barnes, merchant}
of the same place.
He entered the Royal Navy in May
1773, under the auspices of Rear- Adm.
John Montagu, who confided him to the
care of the late Lieut. Wm. Hunter, of
Greenwich Hospital, at that period com.
manding the brig Gasp^ on the Ameri-
can station. ** Of all the young meoy**
said Lieut. Hunter, *' I ever had the
care of, none answered my expectations
equal to Isaac Coffin Never did
I know a young man acquire so much
nautical knowledge in so short a time.'*
Mr. Coffin afterwards served as Mid*
shipman in the Captain, Kinfffisher,
Fowey, and Diligent, on. the HalifiuE
station ; and from the last named was re-
moved into the Romney of SO guns,
bearing the flag of his patron at New-
foundland. In the summer of 1778 he
obtained a Lieutenancy, and the com-
mand of the Placentia cutter ; and the
following spring he served as a volunteer
on board the Sybil frigate, commanded by
(yapt. Pasley, and was soon after ap-
)>ointcd to the command of le Pinson
armed ship : in which he bad the misfor-
tune to be wrecked on the coast of Labm-
dor, but on a court-martial was acquitted
of all blame.
Having visited England, be was in
Nov. 1779 appointed to the Adamant,
about to be launched at Liverpool ; and
in the following year be escorted in her
the outward-bound trade to New York.
He was next appointed to the London
(18, the flagship of Roar- Adm. Graves, on
the coast of America : and from her he
removed into the Royal Oak, a third
rate, under Vice- Adm. Arbutbnot, to
whom he acted as Signal Lieutenant in
the action off Cape lienry, March 16,
1781.
In July following he was made Com-
mander, and on his arrival at New York
joined the Avenger sloop. He was after-
wards received as a volunteer, by Sir
Samuel Hood on board the Barfleur 96^
ill which be shared in much active ser-
vice. Slaving 8ub«equentJy ngoiaed lu«
206
Adtn. Sir Isaac Coffin, Bart.-^Sir A. CaldmelU G.C^B. [Feb.
sloop, he was appointed Captain of the
Shrewsbury 72, at Jamaica, and con-
firmed in that rank, June 13, 1782. In
the following December, he exchanged
to the Hydra 20, in which he retunied to
England, and was put out of commission.
After spending some time in France,
he was in 1786 appointed to the Thisbe
frigate, and ordered to take Lord Dor-
chester and his family to Quebec.
In the course of 1788, being irritated
by some treatment experienced from the
Admiralty, Capt. Coffin took the ex-
traordinary step of proceeding to Flan-
ders, where he entered into the service of
the Brabant patriots; but the event which
shortly ensued, of the conduct of Lord
Howe and his colleagues at the Board
being declared illegal by the twelve
Judges, decided his return to the service
of his King and country; and at the
Spanish aamamcnt in 1790, he was ap-
pointed to the Alligator of 28 guns. At
that period, when lying in the Nore, during
a strong wind, a man fell overboard, and
Capt. Coffin, impelled by his generous
spirit, immediately leaped after him. He
succeeded in rescuing a fellow being from
death ; but his exertions produced a se-
vere rupture, which frequently afterwards
reminded him of this act of humanity.
In the spring of 1791, our officer, hav-
ing previously been to Cork, where he
received the flag of Adm. Cosby, was
once more ordered to America, from
whence he returned with Lord Dorchester
and his family, in the ensuing autumn.
The Alligator was soon after paid off at
Deptford.
At the commencement of the war with
the French republic, Capt. Coffin, who
had in the interim visited Sweden, Den-
mark, and Russia, obtained the command
of the Melampus frigate, in which he
was employed on Channel service until
the close of 1794; when, one night, by
exerting himself too violently, he became
ruptured on both sides, which obliged him
to quit his ship, and for some months he
was literally a cripple. On his recovery
he went to Leith, being appointed to the
recruiting service at that port; and in
Oct. 1795 he proceeded to Corsica, where
he served as Resident Commissioner
until the evacuation of that island, Oct.
15, 1796. From thence he removed to
Elba, and subsequently to Lisbon, where
he continued for two years, actively em-
ployed as the head of the naval estab-
lishment of that place.
Towards the latter end of 1 79S, when
Minorca fell into the hands of the Eng-
lish, Commissioner Coffin was appointed
to the superintendence of the arsenal at
Port Mahon ; and after the lap«e of a
few months, returned to Englaiid on hia
way to Nova Scotia, whither he pro-
ceeded in the Venus frigate.
Our officer continued to perform the
arduous duties of a Resident Conimia-
sioner of the Navy, fii-st at HalifiuL, and
subsequently at Sheemess, undl April
]801<, when he was advanced to the rank
of Rear- Admiral, and soon after hoisted
his tiag on board the Gladiator, being ap-
pointed to superintend the harbour duty
at Portsmouth. On the 19th of May
1804, he was created a Baronet as a re-
ward for his unremitting zeal and perse-
vering efforts for the good of the public
service.
Sir Isaac Coffin hauled down his
flag on being promoted to the rank of
Vice- Admiral April 28, 1808. He be-
came full Admiral June 4*, 1814.
At the general election of 1818 he was
returned to Parliament for the borough
of Ilcl) ester, for which he sat until the
dissolution in 1B2G. In Parliament be
constantly paid much attention to naval
matters, and not unfrequently in a style
of fucetiousness that relieved the subject
of its dry technicality. His charity was ex-
tensive j and within a few weeks of his
death he remitted an additional and libe-
ral donation to the Royal Naval Charity,
** for fear," as he humorously expressed
himself, '*he should slip his wind and
forget all about it."
Sir Isaac Coffin married, March 1811,
Elizabeth Browne, only child of W.
Greenly, esq. of Titley Court, Hereford-
shire. She died not long before her
aged partner, on the 27th Jan. 1839,
having had no issue. Previously to his
marriage, Sir Isaac obtained the royal
permission to take the name and arms of
Greenly, in addition to his own, but he
relinquished that name in March 1813.
He was possessed of considerable es-
tates in the Magdalene Islands in the
Gulf of St. Lawrence. He had crossed
the Atlantic, on service or pleasure, no
less than 30 times.
Maj.-Gi:n. Sir A. Caldwell, G.C.B.
Dec, (3. At his house in Upper
Berkeley-street, ISIjijor- Gen. Sir Alex-
ander Caldwell, G.C.B. senior officer of
the Bengal Artillery.
This veteran officer was appointed
cadet by the Court of Directors in 1782,
and Lieut. -fireworker, 3rd April 1783,
when he joined the regiment of artillery in
Fort William. In August, in the fol-
lowing year, he was sent down to Hid-
gelee, in command of a detachment of
/ourtetn men, to search for deserters on
1840.]
Obituary.— Mfl/or-C^. Sir A. Caldwell, G.C.B. 207
mander.in -chief, General Harris, and in
consequence received from (rovemment
the full pay and allowances of field en.
ginecr, as well as those of an artillery
officer.
In September of the same year, he was
detached, under the command of Colonel
Desse, to the attack of two Poligar forts,
Cuptal and another. At Cuptal he led
the European urtillery-men up to the
breach with a loaded 6-pounder, and sua-
tained a heavy loss of killed and wounded,
himself receiving a severe contusion on
his right shoulder. He returned to Ben-
gal in IBOO. For his services at Seringa-
patam, 9cc. he received, from the chair-
man of the Court of Directors, the Serin,
gapatam medal.
Colonel G. Green, the commandant of
artillery, on receiving the rank of Major-
General, and succeeding to the staff at the
presidency, appointed Captain Caldwell
his aid.de-camp, injustice to his long and
meritorious services, and particularly for
his efficient superintendence of the in-
struction of a large number of cadets, at
a time when a scarcity of old officers with
the regiment of artillery rendered his
professional abilities of great importance.
On Gen. Green's death, in 1806, he
was again compelled to visit Europe, to
recruit his health after a severe attack of
abscess on the liver, for which he was
cut, and from which he recovered to the
surprise of his medical attendants. His
residence in England restored him suffi-
ciently to enable him to return to Bengal
in 18 10, having attained the rank of Major
in 1H07.
In Feb. 1 81 1 , a large force was ordered
to proceed to Java, under the command
of Lieut.. (leneral Sir Samuel Auchmuty,
when Major Caldwell was selected by the
(^mmander.in -chief in India, Lieut.-
(}en. Sir George Hewitt, to command
the artillery, which consisted of detach-
ments from the Royal, Bengal, and Ma-
dras artillery. The Bengal troops em-
barked at ('alcutta on the lath March
1811, and arrived at Malacca, the ap-
pointed place of rendezvous of the armv,
on the 27th April, whence the whole
force proceeded, in the middle of June,
to Batavia. The brief but brilliant cam-
fwign, which deprived the Dutch of their
colonics in Ja\'a, commenced on the 4th
Aug. iHll, when the troops landed at
Chillifig Sing, near Batavia. The Com-
mander-in-chief left to Major (^dwelPa
judgment both the number of light field
ordnance to be landed, and their dispoti-
tion on the advance of the army. The
town of Batavia surrendered immediately
on the advance of the army upon Welter-
vrecden, and after the atfair at the latter
board vessels lying on the coast. From
the unhealthiness of the spot, all his men
but five were dead in less than four
months : with these five he returned to
Calcutta, where he alone recovered from
the fever engendered in the jungles.
In 1787, Lieut. Caldwell was ordered
to Dacca, with a detachment of artillery,
consistin*,' of four 6-pnunders ; but, unable
to contend longer with the effects of the
jungle fever, under which he continued to
labour, he was compelled to apply for
leave to proceed to England, where he
arrived in August 1789. He received the
grade of Lieuteiiitnt Nov. 2(), 17fK), and
early in 1791 returned to India ; in 1792
he was appointed to the command of the
artillery nt Midnapore ; and while on this
command, he volunteered his services to
accompany the artillery to the coast of
Coromandel, under Lord Comwallis,
whence he returned to Fort William on
the capture of Pondicheny.
In 1 794 he proceeded from Fort Wil-
liam to the field, and was stationed at
Dinapore and Cawnpore until 1796,
when he returned to the presidency, at-
taining the rank of C^aptain on the 7th
Jan. In the same year he marched from
Fort William, with a detachment com-
manded by Col. Hyndman, to Hyderabad,
for the purpose of subjugating a French
force in the territoriesof the Nizam. This
service iH'ing eff<cted, at the close of the
year 1798, Capt. Caldwell joined the
grand army under Gen. Harris, and served
with it during the whole of the war in
Mysore.
In .March 179fMie commanded a brigade
oi six guns on the left wing of the grand
army, at the m>tion of Malavilly with
I'ippoo Sultan; and in April of the same
yi'ar he was srh'cted to command the ar-
tillery at the attack of the entrenched
lope, near Scringapatam, on the morn-
ing Col. Arthur Wellesley (now Duke of
Wellington) ♦succeeded atniinst that post,
and rec'eivcd his thanks. He served in
the lotteries during the whole of the siege
of SHfinpipatarn, and was present at the
assault and »»iirrender of that fortress on
the kh ot May WMK After its fall, he
was a|)pointed to the command of the ar-
tillery forming part of the force detached,
under ( oloiiel Bowser, for the reduction
of the fortsof (rurrumcondah and (rooty;
and during the siege and capture of these
torts, he acted as field engineer, as well
as ehie! otfieer of artillery. J(c com-
manded, the storming party at the taking
of the Pettah of (rooty, where he had
the sole charge of constructing the bat-
teries and other works. For these ser-
vices he received the thanks of Colonel
Bowser, and the approbation of the Com-
208 OBiTrARY.— Mr/or WilUatn Mackte. — Davies Gilbert, Esq. (TPeb.
place, Major Caldwell was constantly oc-
cupied in Batavia, in expediting the land-
ing of the l)attering ordnance and stores.
Here he was exposed to the pestilential
vapours arising from the swamps, and on
the 18th he was attacked by the Batavian
fever, and confined for a week in the hos.
pital. Although emaciated and scarcely
convalescent, he reported himself fit for
duty on the morning of the 26th, when a
feneral attack was made on Cornells.
iy this assault this strong-hold of the
Dutch was gallantly carried, and their
ariny completely dispersed.
On the 3rd of Sept. Major Caldwell
received orders to embark with three
companies of artillery on board the Corn,
wall, to sail round to Samarang, and upon
the loss of that place and Oncrang, Gen.
Jansen surrendered the island into the
hands of Sir Samuel Auchmuty on the
J 8th of the same month. For this service
he received another medal.
On the Ist March 1812, Major Caldwell
was promoted to the rank of Lieut. -
Colonel. He was appointed, in July that
year, to command the artillery in the field
at Agra, and for his services there he
received the approbation and thanks of
the Commander-in-chief, Lieut.- Gen.
Sir George Nugent, in general orders.
His constitution, shaken as it had been
by repeated attacks of fever and liver
complaint, was again assailed by the latter
disorder; and as the disease would not
yield to the usual medical treatment, he
was obliged to seek relief in a change of
climate, and to proceed, in 1815, to the
Cape of Good Hope, and ultimately to
Europe.
On 3rd Feb. 1817, he received, from
his Royal Highness the Prince Regent,
the Companionship of the Bath.
In 1819 he once more returned to Ben-
gal, when, soon after his arrival in CaU
cutta, he succeeded, by the death of Major-
General Grace, to the pay and off-reckon-
ings of a regiment, and finally returned to
£uropc in 1821. He attained the brevet
of Colonel in 1829, and that of Major-
General in 1837. Immediately after the
latter brevet the Court of Directors were
pleased, unsolicited by him, to recommend
him to his Majesty William IV. as an
officer deserving the distinction uf the
second class of the Bath ; and on the oc-
casion of the last coronation, the Court
recommended him as an officer deserving
one of the three Extra Grand Crosses of
the Bath allotted to the Company's ser-
vants ; when, on the 18th August 1838,
he received, from Her Majesty's hand,
the insignia of that most honourable order.
12 — —
Major William Mackie, K.H.
(Continued from p. 110.>
Major Mackie entered the army in the
ye<ir 1806, as Ensign in the 88th Regi-
ment, which he accompanied in the expe-
dition to Buenos Ayres in 1807; at the
attack on which place he was severely
wounded. In 1809 he joined the army
in the Peninsula with his corps, and was
present in almost all the actions in Por-
tugal and Spain, in which the Third
Division, under General Picton, was en-
gaged. His gallant conduct in leading
the forlorn hope at the storming of the
main breach of Ciudad Rodrigo, being at
that time at the head of the Lieutenants
of the Regiment, and consequently first
for promotion, is well known in the army.
In the battles of Busaco and Salamanca,
in the latter of which he acted as Aide-
de-Camp to Brigadier. General Wallace,
his gallantry was also conspicuous. In
brief, throughout the entire of the Penin-
sular struggle, from the Tagus to the
Pyrenees, he proved himself a soldier ot
true chivalric bearing.
In 1830, after having been some years
on the half-pay, he was appointed (as
Captain^ to the 94th Regiment, when be
obtainea his brevet Majority ; ^vas after-
wards presented with an unattached Ma*
jority ; and lastly, reappointed to the
full pay of his old corps, the 88th,
whence he sold out of the Army in 1838.
His amiable disposition, and high and
honourable principles and feelings, en.
dcared him to all who had the pleasure of
his acquaintance ; and the firm and judi-
cious manner in which he administered
the government of the Gambia, was cal-
culated to have produced the most bene-
ficial effects on that settlement, had his
life been spared.
Davies Gilbert, Esq. V.P.R.S.
Dec. 24. At Eastbourne, Sussex, in
his 73rd year, Davies Gilbert, esq. D. C.L,
V.P.R.S. President of the Ueological
Society of Cornwall, F.S.A. F.L.S.
M.R.I.A. Hon. M.R.S.L. F.G.S. &c.
&c.
The name of the family to which Mr.
Gilbert paternally belonged was Giddy,
one of great antiquity in the county of
Cornwall. His ancestors were long seated
at Trebersy, in South Petherwin. Mr.
John Giddy, the grandfather of Mr. Gil*
bert, resided near Truro, and had two
sons, Edward and Thomas, the former
in the church, the latter settled at Pen-
zance. They were educated at Truro
school ; and Edward, after taking his de-
grees at Christ Church, Oxford, was or-
dained to ^e curacy of St Erth, in lus
1840.] Obituary.— Davfcj Gilbert^ Eiq. V.P.ILS. Sfc.
209
native county, the only preferment he ever
enjoyed. Here he married Catharine,
dauRhttT of Mr. John Davies, of Tredrea,
the representative of several old Cornish
houses, and, among them, of that of Wil-
liam Noye, Attorney.gencral in the reign
of Charles the First, through whose mar-
riage with the Hon. Hester Sandys, the
eldest of the six daughters of Henry fifth
Lord Sandys, and sister and coheiress of
Kdwin last Lord Sandys, Mr. D. Gilbert
was the eldest hcir-general of the ancient
barony of Sandys of the Vine.
Mr. Davies Giddy was bom at St.
Erth in March 1767. the only child of
these parents. After obtaining the rudi-
ments of learning, partly by attendance at
a grammar school in Penzance, but mainly
by the care and attention of bis father
under the paternal roof, he proceeded to
Oxford, and was admitted as a Gentle-
man Commoner of Pembroke College, on
the 12th of April 1785.
On the 2«th June, 1789, Mr. Giddy
received the degreeof Master of Arts from
the University of Oxford. After quit-
ting college, his time was not dissipated in
idleness or pleasure. His principal de-
light lay in the company of literary men,
and he was elected a Fellow of the Royal
Society Nov. 17, 1791. Beside this,
his eager thirst for knowledge led him to
join the Linnvan Society ; and he was
one of the most active promoters of the
institution for the cultivation of geolo-^y
and mineralogy in his native county,
founded by Dr. Paris at Penzance in
1H1}<, and of which he continued Presi-
dent from ilK foundation to his deceu.oe,
and never omitted to pay an annual visit
to ( oriiwHll, in order to preside at its
anniversary meeting. These associations
necessarily extended the circle of his ac-
quaintance with scientific characters, to
many of whom bis fricndhhip was substan-
tially l>enefirial.
U'hiUt at Oxford Mr. Giddy contracted
an intimacy with the celebrated Dr.
Thomas Beddo<*s, after^\'ards notorious
for his democratical outbreaks, who, in
17<I2, dedicated to Mr. (iiddy his ** Ob.
servations on the nature of Demonstniiive
Kvidencc," complimenting him on the
occasion on his ** uncommon proficiency
in mathematical Kcience, and no les»i un-
common diswriiment."
Hut much more memorable is the part
Mr. (riddy performed in bringing lorth
into the sunshine of public encouiii^'i>-
ment the talents of Sir Humphry I)..vy.
Davy first attracted his attention \s\i n .in
apprenticf> to Mr. Bingham BorluM-, a
surgeon and apocherary at Penzance. He
admitted him to the use of an excellent
library, introduced him to Dr. Edwards,
Hkst. M.^o. Vol. XIII.
who possessed a well -furnished laboratory
(where he first beheld instruments which
he previously knew from engravings only)
and subsequently brought him to the
notice of Dr. Beddoes, who took him to
his newly formed institution at Bristql.
Among other cultivators of science to
whose advancement also Mr. Giddy ma-
terially contributed, were the Rev. Mala-
chi Hitchins, the principal calculator of
the Nautical Almanac, and the Rev. John
Hellins, for many years assistant to Dr.
Maskelyne, both of whom he particuUrly
noticed in his address to the Royal Society
in 1827.
Mr. Giddy served the ofiice of High
Sheriff of Cornwall in 1792. In ]8(H,
he was elected to Parliament for the
borough of Helston; and, at the next
election, in 1806, he was returned for
Bodmin, which place he continued to re-
present till la^. As a senator, Mr. Gil-
bert was one of the most assiduous that
ever sat in the House of Commons, and
perhaps unequalled for his services on
Committees. He devoted to public bu-
siness nearly the whole of his time, and
was very remarkable for the brief period
which he spent in rest. The numerous
parliamentary investigations (particularly
those connected with the arts and sciences)
in which he took a prominent part, will
form lasting memorials of his profound
learning and indefatigable perseverance ;
and the application of his knowledge to
practical purposes was attested by the ac-
tive interest he took in most of our great
national works. He was one of the Com-
missioners for inquiry into the ancient
usages and customs of the mines of Com.
wall, and we believe he was also one of
the Commissioners for the superintend-
ance of the Plymouth Breakwater; and
we must not omit to notice the great
benefit he conferred on the immediate ri-
cinity of his own residence in Sussex by
the extensive improvements he planned
and accomplished in the levels of Peven-
sey. In 1811, when the high price of
gold, as a marketable commodity, pro-
duced an ominous effect on the currency
of the realm, and when the public mind
became greatly agitated by the alleged de-
preciation of bank notes, Mr. Giddy
printed an argumentative tract, entitled,
** A Plain Statement of the Bullion
Question;** the object of which was to
allay the popular terment. There were
two answers to this pamphlet written by
Samuel BanfiU, esq. and A. W. Ruther-
ford, e^'q.
On the I8th of April 1806, Mr. Giddy
married Mary Anne, only daughter and
heiress of Thomas Gilbert, esq. of East-
bourne, in Sussex ; and, from this period,
2£
210
Obititary.— D/rt»iVfi Gilb^t, Esq. V.P. R.S. 8se. [Feb.
he resided at Eastbourne, when not in
attendance on his parliamentary duties.
The property had lineally descended Ironi
Thomas (iildridge, esq. who purchased it
irom the Karl of Rutland in 155^. Mr.
Gilbert's mansion, which is situated a
short distance south of the church, was
built by the llev.Dr. Lushington, formerly
vicar of the parish, and is a substantial
and convenient brick edifice. The view
from it is remarkably beautiful, extending
over a lawn and several meadows, finely
wooded, and over the buildings of South-
bourne and the Sea Houses, taking in the
whole extent of Pevensey Bay, from
Beachy Head to Hastings.
Mr. Giddy took the name and arms
of Gilbert only, pursuant to royal sign
manual, dated 10th Dec. 1817 ; and his
children did the same by a second sign
manual, dated the 7th of January follow-
ing.
On the death of Sir Joseph Banks in
1820, when Sir Humphry Davy was
elected President of the Royal Society,
his friend Mr. Gilbert accepted the
office of Treasurer. Ill health having
obliged Sir Humphry to quit England
early in 1827, Mr. Gilbert took the chair
at nearly every meeting of that session ;
and when a continuance of the same in-
disposition induced Sir Humphry to retire,
at the commencement of the next session,
Mr. Gilbert was chosen President, to the
great satisfaction of the body at large, and
i;specially of the more scientific members,
it is much to be regretted that a gentle-
man so highly qualified for this prominent
station, at once by his sound and extensive
acquirements, and by his ample fortune,
should have wanted the other requisites of
a hospitable town mansion, and a com-
mandmg decision of deportment, which
would have made him perhaps the best
qualified President that had ever sat in
the chair of Newton. However, after the
experience of three sessions, the uneasi-
ness which he felt, arising partly from his
retiring disposition, and partly from the
cabals of some discontented members then
particularly troublesome, combining with
the understood ambition of his Royal
Highness the Duke of Sussex to appear
at the head of British science, induced
Mr. Gilbert to retire from the ofhce in
Nov. 1831. He continued a Vice-Pre-
sident, and still occasionally presided
at the meetings of the Society.
In 1832 he bad the degree of Doctor
in Civil Law conferred upon him, by
diploma, the highest mark of distinction
the University of Oxford can Ix'stow;
and in 18.'i3, when the members of the
British Association assemUed at Cam-
bridge, Mr. Gilbert, uith serenl oChcn
of the illustrious nsitora, was adfldtted
ad eundem in tliat Univerntj.
Mr. Gilbert was elected m Fdloir of
the Society of Antiquaries in 1890, and
he promoted historical and antiqitariaB
researches with a liberality not commoa
among the lovers of the pure sdenees; nor
can it greatly detract from the bonour doe
to him from the antiquary, that his ex-
ertions in this respect proceeded etca
more from a patriotic regard to the good
fame of his native county than fjpoai
any profound personal acquaintanee with
English archeology.
The first occasion which drew forth
this spirit was the production of Mr.
Thomas Bond's '< History of East and
West Looe,** which Mr. Gilbert brought
to the press of Messrs. Nichols in the
^ear 1^. Mr. Bond was a gentleman of
independent fortune, who died in Dec
1838, leaving a considerable property to
Mr. Gilbert, who communicated a brief
memorial of him to our Magazine, vol. IX.
p. G67. In this case, therefore, Mr. Gil-
bert's interference consisted only in advice
and encouragement; but to the other
works whose titles we shall now enu-
merate, he contributed more materiidly,
both with his pen and his purse.
In 1823 he edited '* A Collection of
Ancient Christmas Carols, with the
tunes to which they were formerly aung
in the West of England," 8vo.
In 1826, *' Mount Calvary, or the
History of the Passion, Death, and
Resurrection of our Lord and Saviour
Jesus Christ; written in Cornish, and
Interpreted in the English tongue, by
John Keigwin, gent, in l(j82."
In 1827, « The Creation of the World,
with Noah's Hood, written in Corniah in
1611, by William Jordan, and translated
by John Keigwin.** As memoriala of
a language, of which too little has been
preser\'ed for the sake of philology, theae
pieces possess very considerable value.
In 1830 he contributed somecoUcctiona
and traditions respecting Sl Neot, and
the former state of his church, to a quarto
volume of plates, representing the windows
of that church in Cornwall, then recently
repaired by Mr. J. P. Hedgeland, at the
eroense of the Rev. R. G. Grylls.
But Mr. Gilbert's last and most im-
portant contribution to Cornish topo«
graphy was his edition of the previously
imperfectly published History of the
County, by Hals, with additions from
the MSS. of Tonkin and Whitaker, and
the printed HX)rks of Leland, W. de Wor.
cester, Carew, Lysont, &c. To thk
work, which is amui^ in the alpha-
1840.]
Obituary. — Henry Philip Hope, Esq.
211
betical order of the parishes, Mr. Gilbert
added something under every place, and
occasionally introduced some highly inte-
resting remarks on the family history and
biography of the most eminent Cornish
men, and especially his contemporaries ;
Dr. Boase, the Secretary ' of tne Geo-
logical Society of Cornwall, contributing
the geology of each parish. It was pub-
lished in four volumes octavo, 1838, and
is reviewed in our vol. IX. p. 273.
To the Society of Antiquaries Mr,
(lilbert communicated in 1813 an account
of the opening of a Barrow at Berling,
near Eastbourne, printed in the Archseo-
logia, vol. xvii. p. 338.
In the Philosophical Transactions there
are communications from Mr. Gilbert,
on the Catenary Curve, accompanied by
extensive tables for constructing the
Menai bridge ; a second on Steam En-
gines ; and a third on the nature of
Imaginary Curves. The Journal of the
Kuyal Institution contains several of his
papers, and one of considerable length on
the Vibration of Pendulums. During the
la>t ten years, Mr. Gilbert kept a small
printing-press in his house at Eastbourne,
with the productions of which he occa-
>ionaIly amused himself and friends, but
we believe never printed anything of
much length.
Mr. Gilbert's character has thus been
described: — "The Roman simplicity
which marked his demeanour, was, in
it^elt', a perpetual letter of recommenda-
tion to the intelligent observer of roan-
kind ; and the sense of that was height-
ened by further intercourse, which
developed his English and gentlemanlike
eourtesy, his kind and affable attention,
and his various and profound attainments.
1 1 was, indeed, delightful to contemplate
>ueh qualities reposing so quietly within
the calm mind of their possessor ; like the
treasure-mines of his native county,
without a sign upon the surface to tell
where their exhaustless wealth existed.
And he must have been able to dig deeply
who could have explored the stores of
knowledge in all the exact sciences which
were there to be found ; for Mr. Gilbert
was confessed to be at the very head of
those whose application to the more ab-
struse branches of learning have been
crowned with the greatest success. He
communicated largely to the wants of
others from his own great stores of
knowledge, and shone more by those re-
flected lights than by the direct difTusioii
ot his rays."
His marriage alrea<ly noticed was pro-
ductive of two sons and four daughters,
of \^ horn the eldest son, named Charles
Davics, died in 1813| aged three years.
His eldest daughter, Catharine, was mar-
ried in 1834 to John Samuel Enys, of
Enys, in the parish of Gluvias, Cornwall.
He leaves one son, John Davies Gilbert,
esq. formerly a Gentleman Commoner of
Pembroke College, Oxford, and an Hono-
raryM.A., 25th May, 1831. The fune-
ral of Mr. Gilbert took place on Monday,
Dec. 29, in the chapel appropriated to
the interments of the Gildridges and
Gilberts, north of the chancel of East-
bourne church. His body was carried from
his own residence to the grave by la-
bourers, and the whole of his family, with
Mrs. Gilbert, as chief mourner, walked
behind the coffin to the place of inter-
ment.
A very excellent portrait of Mr. Gilbert
was painted by Henry Howard, esq. R.A.
from which there is a large engraving
mezzotinted by Samuel Cousins (inserted
in Horsefield's History of Sussex, 4to.
1835) ; and two octavo plates, one by
Thomson, published in the Imperial
Magazine for July 1828, and another by
the same engraver in Fisher's National
Portrait Gallery, 1830. Of these, how-
ever, the second is decidedly the best
likeness, and, indeed, is one of the closest
resemblances with which we are acquaint-
ed. In 1833 Mr. Gilbert sut for his por-
trait to Thomas Phillips, esq. R.A. at
the request of several members of the
Royal Society ; and on the 9th Jan.
18^ he presented the picture to the So-
ciety. On the same evening his son was
pro{)Osed as a Fellow, and he was elected
on the 10th of April following.
Henhy Philip Hope, Esq.
Dec. 5. At Bedgbury Park, Kent,
the seat of Lord Viscount Beresford,
Henry Philip Hope, esq. of Arklow
House.
Like his brother, the late Thomas
Hope, esq. he was remarkable for his
highly cultivated mind, and his just and
elegant taste in the Fine Arts. In hiu
youth he had visited every part of Eu-
rope, and \'arious portions of Asia, fmr-
ticularly Turkey. He was conversant
with and s|)oke seven different languages,
and maintained an extensive correspond-
ence with learned men in all parts of
Europe. He had formed one of the most
perfect collections of diamonds and pre-
cious stones that has, perha|>s, been ever
possessed by a private individual : it is
valued at 150,000/. Although possessed
of an (ample fortune, his habits were of
the most simple and unostentatious na-
ture ; he seemed to regard wealth only as
the means of doing good. A few yeart
ago be inherited, upon the death of §
212 Obituaby. — L, C. DaubuM, Esq.-^Francii Const, Esq* [Feb*
relative, a large fortune, which he divided
at once with his nephews. He was a
principal contributor to all the public
charities of the metropolis ; and he dis-
tributed annually in private charity many
thousands.
It is said that Mr. Philip Hope has
left to each of his three nephews 30,000/.
a-year. His valuable collection of books
was bequeathed to Mr. Hope, the M.P.
for Gloucester, and the remainder of bis
personal property to the other two
nephews. His funeral took place at the
family mausoleum at the Deepdene near
Dorking, on the Hth Dec.
Lewis Charles Daubuz, Esq.
Dec, 15. At his seat, Leyton, in
Essex, in the 85th year of his age, Lewis
Charles Daubuz, esq.
The greater part of his long and useful
life was spent in Truro, where he must
have resided not less than half a century ;
but his birth-place we believe was Fal-
mouth. Not many years since he suc-
ceeded to a large property, by the will of
his younger brother, John Daubuz, esq.
who, dying a bachelor, bequeathed his
mansion and estate of Leyton, to his
second sister, the late Miss Anne Dau-
buz, for her life; a large freehold pro-
perty, with a handsome country residence
in Sussex, to his eldest nephew, James
Daubuz, esq. and the great bulk of his
chattel property, with the reversion of
Leyton, to the gentleman now deceased.
When Mr. Daubuz quitted Truro for
Leyton, some time after the death of his
sister Miss Anne Daubuz, the most
sincere and general regret was expressed
by the inhabitants, — for at the age of more
than fourscore years he retained no small
remains of the energy and sprightliness of
youth ; and all classes were fully sensible
of the great loss they were about to sus-
tain. In person he so remarkably re-
sembled the Duke of Wellington, that he
was often, when among strangers, mis-
taken for His Grace, whom he likewise,
in a different sphere, no less resembled
in loyalty and devotion to his country.
Connected extensively in business, from
early life, with distant quarters of the
^lobe, he possessed the means of better
information than most men ; and few have
brought a sounder judgment to bear u|>on
the various interests, whether political or
commercial, of the British empire. In his
intertrourse with the private circle of his
friends, he was uniformly cheerful and
comnmnicative: he was the active pro-
moter of every Institution which he
deemed for the benefit of society, particu-
larly of those established for the propaga-
tion of sound religion ; and, in addition to
his liberal subscription tomibliediuidef«
he was the never-failing niend, prifttely
and unostentatiously, of the fatfaentti wad
widows in their affliction; bewMWorthj,
in short, of the stock from whence be
sprang, which was that of a French Pro-
testant family of great respectability^ wbo
were cruelly compelled, with tbonaawda of
sufferers in the same righteous cause, to
quit their native country, on the perfidi-
ous revocation of the Edict of Nantes, by
that haughty and bigoted tyrant, Lotus
the Fourteenth. The Rev. Gbarict
Daubuz, Vicar of Brotherton, Chesbireb
and author of a learned dissertation on the
Prophecies, was, we believe, Mr. Dau-
buz's grandfather ; his great work is stfll
appealed to as of high authority, and be is
quoted by D'Oyley and Mant, as ainoiig
the eminent commentators on the Bible.
Mr. Daubuz married ^Vilmot, the voun^ett
but one of the five extraordinarily beautUnl
daughters of William ArundeU Harris,
esq. of Keneggie, near Penzance, grand-
father of the present Mr. ArundeU, of
Lifton Park, — this most charitable and
amiable lady died at Truro many yean
since. His eldest sister, Mrs. Magdalen
Daubuz, is still living in the neigbbonr-
hood of Leyton, full of years and good
deeds. Mr. Daubuz has also left behind
him four sons and two daughters, with
several grandchildren.
Francis Const, Esq.
Dec. 16. At Kickmansworth. aged
8S, Francis ("oust, esq. formerly Cbur-
man of the Middlesex and Westminster
Sessions.
Mr. Const was called to the bar «t the
Middle Temple, Feb. 7, 1783. He was
in his youth much attached to the drama
and its professors, and was the author of
some prologues and epilogues. Hender-
son, John Kemble, Stephen Storace,
Twiss, Porson, and Dr. Bumey, Fred.
Reynolds, Thomas Morton, Sheridan,
and Harris, were his convivial companions
and friends. He will be remembered,
however, as the editor of several editions
of " Bott's Poor Laws,** and as Chairman
of the Middlesex magistrates and the
Westminster sessions. The latter situa-
tion Mr. Const held up to his death ;
the former he resigned some years ago.
His body was buried in the Cemetery
at Kensall-green. He has left behind
him upwards of one hundred and fifty
thousand pounds, a large portion of wbicb
was acquired by great parsimony and
extensive speculations in early life. He
has left to numerous friends legacies of
1000/. each.
\
1840.J Obitvavly. --Robert Belt, Esq.^William Hilion, Esq. R.J. 213
Robert Beit, Esq.
Dec. 22. At Tunbridge AVells, aged
fwi, RolHjrt Belt, esq., of the Inner
Temple, Barrister-at-law, and of Bossall
lluusts near York.
The family of Belt is one of the most
ancient now existing in the county of
York. It is supposed to have come
originally from Lombardy, but can be
traced in Yorkshire as far back as 13H7.
Many notices of the loyalty of the family,
from the reign of Queen Klizabeth down-
wards, are recorded by Mr. Drake, in his
History of York, in which city Sir Ro-
bert Belt, and other members of the
family, filled the offices of Recorder,
ShtTitf, and Lord Mayor. The liouse
at Bossall is within a pleasure-ground of
about two acres, surrounded by a moat.*
l/pon this, their paternal seat, have the
successive heads of the elder branch of
the Belt family lived, died, and been in-
terred.
The late Robert Belt, esq., was the
oldest son of Robert Bell, esq., of Bos-
sall (who was many years (Herk in Court
of the (yourt of King's Bench, which
office is now held by his youngest son,
Wm. Belt, esq.) He was culled to the
bar at the Inner Temple, Feb. o, 1802;
aud practised some years as an equity
drafisinan, but his mild and aiiiable spirit
was ill huited to make great progress at
the Uir. His knowledge of the law vi'as,
however, evinced by some useful pro-
kssional publications, particularly, ** A
Supplement to the Re(>ort8 in ('hancery
of Francis Vesey, senior, E8(|,, Bar-
li^ter-at-luw, and late one of the Masters
ot the Hi^h Court of Chancery in Ireland,
during the time of Lord Chancellor Uard-
ui<'ke; comjiriiiing (-urrections of State-
ment, and KxtractH of the Decrees and
Orders from the Registrar's Hooks, iititc-
rences to the Cases cited, subseciuent
Determinations on the several Points,
M)nie Majiuscript Cases, New Marginal
Notes, and a copious Index." This work
was so highly thought of by the late lx>rd
Kldon, that he determined it should " be
u gilt from hiuisell to the profession."
I'rom his lordnhip's liU'i-alily the publi-
cation was therelore produced, and it is
dedicated to him in a grateful struin.
Lord (Miancellor Kldon afterwards ap-
(Miiiited Mr. Belt a Commis.Hionrr of
iiankrupts, an office he held till the re-
modelling of that Court in iK'Jl.
Mr. Belt was twice married; 1st, in
Ihl'i, to Mar)', daughter of Bryan Trough-
ton, esq. of Overton, Hants, by whom
* A view of it is given in our Maga-
xiuc for June 1823, p. 189 ; and a curious
lucdal found tbexe in Oct. 1&23, p. 306.
he had four sons and two daughters, of
whom three sons and one daughter are
now living ; and, 2dly, in 1824^ to Mar.
garet, daughter of Peter Gordon, esq., of
Islington, in the county of Middlesex, by
whom he has left one son and two daugh-
ters.
WiLi.iAM Hilton, Esq. R.A.
Dec. 30. At the house of his brother-
in-law, Mr. Peter De Wint, the able
water-colourist, aged 53, William Hilton,
Esq. R.A. Keeiierof the Royal Academy.
Mr. Hilton was a native of Lincoln. In
their youth, he and Mr. De Wint were
])laced with Mr. John Raphael Smith, the
mezzotinto engraver and crayon-painter
(then residing in King Street, Covent
Oarden) ; a man, in every respect, of ex-
traordinary talent, and admirably qualified
to imbue a pupil with a true artist's feel-
ing. Young Hilton also diligently at-
tended the Schools of the Royal Aca-
demy, studied anatomy, and rendered
himself completely master of the human
figure. The effect of all this preparation
was abundantly manifest in his subse-
quent works, which were distinguished
by their correctness as well as by their
beauty. His ** Triumphal Entry of the
Duke of Wellington into Madrid ** was a
most animated and charming performance,
worthy of Rubens, of whose gorgeous and
afiluent style it instantly reminded the
spectator. His ** Comus,"and bis <* Ju-
piter and Euro{Mi,'* were likewise re-
markably fine compositions. Scriptural
subjecti>, however, seemed to be Mr. Hil-
ton's favourites. Some of them stand as
public monuments — the ** Magdalene
washing (-hrist'a feet'* in London, the
" Crucilixiun*' at Liverpool, the ** Laza-
rus'* at Newark. A work of fine colour
and eifect, the " Crowning with Thorns,"
was exhibited in I82j^ presented by the
British Instituti(m in 1827, to St.
Peter's church, Pimlico. Perhaps his
niasteq)iece in that department of the
art was *' The Angel releasing Saint
i*etcr from Prison," which remaina
at his own a}Nirtments, with '* Sir
Calepine," ^c. His *•* Monks finding the
bodv of Harold," and '* Rebecca at the
Well," are in the collection of Mr.
Vernon. .Mr. Hilton was both a skilful
designer, and a hUi>erior colourist. Hig
" Kuropa," ** Anipiiitrite,'* and other
works, evince this latter quality to a
pre-einincnt degree. Among his later
productions, were the ** Infant Warrior,'*
exhibited in iK'Ki, and the '' Murder of the
Innocents,*' in 1838.
His fancy naturally took the direction of
the pictuiesque ideal ; which is proved by
his choice of buch subjects aa the *< Kapt
214 Obituary.'— FT. Hilton, Esq. R,A.^Mr. Joseph Allen* [Feb.
of Proserpine,*' the ** Rape of Ganymede,"
*• Hebe, " •' Una, " &c. One great
merit his pictures possess, and it stamps
the sterling quality of his art, is the har-
mony of thought that pervades his works ;
where the expression of character or emo-
tion falls short of due intensity, there is a
unity of purpose manifest in the whole,
that produces an impression of accordance
with the subject, if not fully adequate to
its demands; an excellence that attests
the presence of the salt of art — earnest-
ness of intention. There is no imperti-
nent display of dexterity or mannerism
in the paintings of Hilton : the subject
predominates, not the execution.
Fewer of Hilton's pictures have been
engraved than of most artists of celebrity;
but he was no trader carrying his wares to
market, and their unobtrusive merits were
not recognised as they deserved either by
the public or the publishers — we hardly
know of one fine print from a large pic-
ture of his. Early in his career he made
a set of beautiful designs for an edition of
the « Mirror" and « Citizen of the Worid,"
published by Taylor and Hessey; for
which firm also he sketched the pretty
frontispieces to Miss Taylor's stories :
the last are sepia drawings, and, slight as
they are, betray a graceful style; but the
first-mentioned are exquisitely finished
oil-paintings, in which character is well
developed ; the illustrations of Macken-
zie's stories in the " Mirror'* express the
pathos of the author with sympathetic
feeling. It is to be regretted that Hil-
ton's talents as a designer were not more
frequently exercised on *♦ book illustra-
tions;" a humble sphere for the display
of talent, but one in which Stothara — a
kindred spirit with the greatest geniuses
—earned his best laurels. Though Hil-
ton declined painting portraits as a pro.
fession, his friends — in particular, Mr.
Taylor the publisher — possess some ad-
mirable likenesses by him; among the
most remarkable, arc the portraits of two
young poets, John Keats and John Clare ;
in which the intellectual expression of the
individuals is depicted with lively truth.
Mr. Hilton, who had previously been
made an Associate, was elected a lloyal
Academician in 1820, when his presenta-
tion picture was " Ganymede." He suc-
ceeded Mr. Fuseli as the Keeper of the
Royal Academy. One of the principal du-
ties of the Keeper is to superintend and
direct the students in what is culled the
Antique Academy; andsosatisfactoriiydid
Air. Hilton perform the functions of his
office,th<it,abuut four yea rsago,thestudents
subscribed for a handsome piece of plate,
and presented it to him as a mark of their
Fespect and affection* His death was oc-
casioned by an asthma, and by the
strength of his affections; for be never
recovered the loss of a beloved wife
(the daughter of the Rev. Geoige Davis
Kent, of Lincoln) some years since.
Though his frame was attenuated by
sickness and sorrow, he retained toe
lustre of genius in his eye, and its
brightness on his expansive forehead,
to the last. His manners were singulsrly
amiable and pleasing ; and be has died re*
gretted, respected,bnd admired, by all who
could appreciate mental and moral excel*
lence in union.
Mr. Hilton's funeral took place in the
church -yard of the Savoy on the 7th of
January. He had left no children.
Mr. De Wint possesses many of his
drawings, exquisite for their grace and
poetic conception.
Mr. Joseph Allen.
Nov. 19. At Erdington, Warwick-
shire, aged 70, Mr. Joseph Allen, histo-
rical and portrait painter.
Mr. Allen was the son of an intelli.
gent and respectable mathematical and
optical instrument-maker in Birmingham.
At the period of his boyhood, among
the fashionable productions of that town
were lar^e teaboards, trays, &c. on which
were painted elaborate copies, many of
them executed with much skill, of '* The
Death of Wolfe," " The Battle of La
Hogue," *< The loss of the Halsewell
East Indiaman," and similar sulijects.
Young Allen was engaged for some
years in a manufactory of those articles ;
anxious, however, to devote himself to a
more refined pursuit of the fine arts,
he repaired to London, and became a stu-
dent at the Royal Academy, where he
>vas distinguished bv the correctness of
his eye and the facility of his hand, and
obtained the silver medal for the best
drawing of a figure from the life. Having
thus laid the only sound foundation of
eminence in his profession, he endea-
voured to obtain employment as an his-
torical painter; but, like many other
young artists of talent, was soon com-
pelled to descend to portrait-painting, in
which department of the arts he laboured
for a considerable time with but scanty
encouragement. At length, a gentleman
from North Wales, happening to sit to
him, wiis so pleased with the result, that
he persuaded him to visit Wrexham ; and,
being introduced to the principal families
ill that town and neighbourhood, Mr.
Allen speedily found himself in extensive
and lucrative ])ractice. In this vicinity,
occasionally making excursions to Man.
Chester, Prei^ton, Lancaster, Kendal, and
other placf^s in the north of JBngland, ho
1840.]
Obituary.
215
lived for several years respected and
happy. Ambition, however, " that last
infirmity of noble minds" seduced him to
try his fortune again in the metropolis ;
and he took the house in Caroline Street,
Bedford Square, which had been formerly
occupied by Mr. Abbot. The experi-
ment proved a failure. In the country
Mr. Allen had no equal, in London he
had several superiors ; added to which, he
was too modest and honourable a man to
have recourse to any of those petty artifi-
ces which are frequent ingredients in pro-
fessional success. During this arduous
struggle, Mr. Allen produced several
works which did him high credit, especi-
ally a study from an old woman's head ;
which, under the title of '* Resignation,'*
>vas exhibited at Somerset House, and
excited universal admiration.* Even his
most ordinary portrait bad that in it
which shewed that it was the perfomaance
of no vulgar pencil. Finding, however,
that he could not cope with such power-
ful competitors as Lawrence, Beechey,
Phillips, Shee, Owen, &c. he wisely
broke up his town establishment, and re-
turned to that provincial district in which
he was lord of the ascendant. As old age
advanced, Mr. Allen moderated his profes-
sional exertions ; until, eventually, being
in ejisy although not affluent circum-
stances, he retired to Erdington, a small
village near Birmingham, and there, in a
ci)ttage which he inhabited jointly with
his two sisters, he spent the remainder of
his days in a truly philosophical and
( Christian spirit and manner.
For above two years his health had
been gradually decaying, his head reclin-
ing on one side, and his speech was not
easily intelligible, but his mind was per-
fectly clear until within a short period of
his decease. His whole appearance was
that of one ripe for the great change
which the course of his reading, and the
frame of his disposition, had led him pa-
tiently and humbly to contemplate. The
Any l)efore his death was a day of severe
suffering, but he expired in the arms of
his sister, Miss Allen, without a sigh.
His remains were interred in the burying-
ground of a neighbouring chapel, to the
erection of which he had been a liberml
contributor ; and never did the grave close
over a man of greater kindness, firm-
ness, independence, and integrity.
{Lit, Gazette.) W. H. W.
[Ournotieee qf Clergymen recently de-
ceoied are neeetearily pottponed frum
want qfepaee.]
"^ This fine picture is, we believe, i**
the possetdoQ of Mr. Cooke, of Hous*
ton, in Yorkthire.
DEATHS.
LONDON AND ITS VICINITY.
Dec, 4. At Islington, aged 84>, Richard
Dorrill, esq. retired Commander R.N.
(1814).
Dec. G. In Devonshire-street, in her
82d year. Miss Lee.
Dec, 8. At the house of William Delves,
esq. Avenue-road, Regent's Park, aged
65, Mrs. M. A. Bishop, relict of the
Rev. Henry Bishop, Rector of Ticehurst,
Sussex.
In Cumberland. St. in her 80th year,
Charlotte, relict of Adm. John Leigh
Douglas.
Dec, 10. At Broropton -crescent, Elea-
nor, relict of Walter Hebden, esq. of
Stockwell.
Dec, 11. At Judd-st, aged 80, Thomas
Pickstone, esq.
Dec, 13. Aged 76, William Comerford
Clarkson, esq. of Doctors* (Emmons.
Dec, 14. At Peckham, Elizabeth, wife
of George Hull, esq. M.D.
Dec, 15. At Hammersmith, aged 87,
John Christopher Weltje, esq.
Dec. 18. In her 80th year, Mrs. Mary
Magdalen Richardson, daughter of the
late Rev. Andrew Porbil, M.A. Vicar of
St. Helen's, Abingdon, and wife of Mr.
James Richardson, of Walworth.
Dec. 19. In John-st. Bedford-row, aged
71, at the house of her son in-law, Mr.
Edward Laforest, Charlotte, relict of
Robt. Carew, esq. of the New Kent-road.
Dec. 22. At Dulwich, in her 65th year,
Penelope, wife of Charles Clarke, esq.
In Portland-place, at an advanced age,
Anthony Brough, esq. many yean a
merchant of London, and an inhamtant of
Clapham, Surrey. He married an only
dau. of — — Avery, esq. formerly of
Bride-lane, Fleet-street; but they bad
no family.
At St. George*8 Parsonage, Battersea-
fields, Caroline, wife of the Rev. J. Q.
Weddell.
In Devonshire-st. PortUmd-place, Je-
netta, relict of James Jackson, esq. of the
IsUnd of St. Vincent, and Bellevue,
Southampton.
Dec, 24. In Great George-st. Sarah,
wife of (/barles Lushington, esq. M.P.
for Ashburton. She was the dau. of
Lieut.- Col. Joseph Gascoyne.
In Grosvenor-sq. Lady Emily Egertoo,
youngest dau. of the Earl of Wilton.
Dec, 26. In Brunswick-sq, aged 7%
James Kinloch, esq.
At Kennington, aged 64s Hebecca, wife
of L. Gompertz, esq.
At Islington, ajfed 67, Capt. Alexander
Adams, 1st Garrison Battalion.
JJte. 27. At Tottenham, Eliiabetb,
216
Obituary.
[Feb.
wife of Capt. Andrew Timbrell, of the
Trinity House.
At Chelsea, aged 26, Eliza Kate, wife
of F. Lindsay Cole, esq. youngest dau. of
the late John Hughes, of Marden Ash,
Ongar, Essex, esq.
Dec, 29. Aged 74, Richard Mathew,
esq. of Charlotte-st. Portland-place.
At Wobuni -place, aged 62, W. P.
Allcock, esq.
Dec. 31 . Of apoplexy, in his 65th year,
Miles Stringer, esq. of Effingham Hill,
Surrey, head of the firm of Stringer and
Co. tea-dealers, &c. Monument- Yard.
Mr. Stringer arrived at the Bank to
execute a transfer of stock in his capacity
of one of the directors of the Equitable
Assurance Company. Whilst in conver-
sation with a friend he had casually met,
he suddenly dropped down dead. Had he
lived a few hours longer he would have
become entitled to a very large bonus pay-
able by the Equitable Company upon the
Ist of January.
Lately. In Beaumont-st. Marylebone,
Elizabeth, wife of W. Theobald, esq.
In Montagu-sq. aged 89, Jane, relict
of R. Livie, esq. and sister of Mrs.
Dillon, of the My the, Tewkesbury.
Aged 39, G. Kooke, esq. of Bigs wear,
Glouc. grandson of the late Gen. Rooke,
M.P. for CO. Monmouth.
Jan. I. At Barrow-hill-place, Regent's
Park, aged 30, Mary Christian, wife of
Lieut. Henry Woodruff, R.N. only dau.
of Ralph Clarke, esq. of Ems worth,
Hants.
Jan. 2. In Soho-square, aged 47, So-
phia Maria, wife of J. H. Curtis, esq.
Jan. 3. At St. John's Wood-road, aged
82, Joseph Tringham, esq.
At Pimlico,aged 63, James Tomes, esq.
Aged 30, Julia, wife of Frederick L.
Slous, esq. of Crescent-place, Morning-
ton- crescent.
At Mile-end, aged 87, Tho. Baylis.esq.
Aged 54, Samuel Darton, late of the
firm of Harvey and Darton, Grace-
church-street.
Jan. 4. At Hammersmith, aged 70,
Miss Sophia Cookson, sister of the late
Lieut. -Gen. George, and Lieut.- Gen.
Charles Cookson, Royal Artillery.
In Northumberland-street, aged 69.
John Holroyd, esq. formerly owner of
Barcombe-place, Sussex. On the 4th of
May, 1800, his Majesty George the III.
twice narrowly escaped being shot — in
the morning in Hyde Park, and in the
evening, when at Dniry Lane Theatre
the insane Hatfield fired at his Majesty,
but the direction of the ball was turned by
Mr. Holroyd, who struck the assassin's
arm up; for this act the deceased wm
13
offered a pension, which he relbied, Imt
retained during the life of hit Majeftty a
great amount of royal patronage.
Jan. 5. Juliana, wife of Leiris Geoige
Dive, esq. of Tavistock-st. Bedford-sq.
Jan. 6. Elizabeth, wife of WillMUn
Webb, esq. of Walthamstow.
In Guilford. St. aged 72, Joseph Moit
Wheeler, esq.
Jan. 7. At Clapham New Park, aged
44, Benjamin Warren, esq.
Jan. 8. At the residence of his son •in-
law, at Clapham -rise, aged 82, Monsieur
Francois Beekvelt, dit de Tourlou.
Aged 65, Martha, relict of the Rev.
Lewis Mercier, third daughter of the late
Mr. Battier, of Gould -square.
In Weymouth -street, aged 60, William
Robinson, esq. surgeon.
Jan. 9. At Hackney- terrace, aged 80,
James Berriman Tippetts, esq. member
of the Royal College of Surgeons, formerly
of White Lion -St. Spital-sq. where he
resided for 45 years.
At Blackheath, in his 38th year, John
Gordon, esq. of Newton, Aberdeenshire,
and Peppingford Park, Sussex.
Jan. 10. At Camberwell -grove, in her
70th year, Mrs. Miller, relict of Walter
Miller, esq. of Highgate.
Aged 43, John Lawson, esq. surgeon,
Walbrook.
Jan, II. At Clapham, aged 21, Bfarj
Ann, eldest daughter of II. Austwick,
esq. of Lawrence Pountney-lane.
At Hackney, aged 43, Mary Ann, wife
of William Chaplin, esq.
At BnmswicK-terrace, aged 64, Capt.
Edward Blackett Roberts.
At Kensington, aged 73, Elizabeth,
the wife of S. Pickering, esq.
Jan. 12. At Kensington, aged 35, Jane,
wife of Major Robert Thew, Bombay
Art.
At Oxford-st. Capt. Robert Sime (half-
pay), 78th Foot.
Jan. 13. Aged 64, James Lambert,
esq. of the Manor House, Brixton, and
Fowlers, Hawkhurst, Kent.
Aged 24, Charles Henry Chambers,
esq. 2d Battalion Rifle Brigade.
At Howland-st. aged 65, Sarah, widow
of Capt. David Bruce, E.I S.
At Portman-place, Edgeware-rd. John
Tolle, esq. Deputy Reroiver-gen. of the
Duchy of Lancaster.
Aged 92, Robert Tunno, esq. manj
years a respectable member of the Stock
Exchange.
Aged 62, Miss S. Batot, dau. of the
late J. S.Bacot, esq. formerly of Argyll-st.
Jan. 14. In Portman-st. aged 87, Mary,
widow of Gen. Owirn.
Jan. 15. At Islmgton, aged 86, Bfiss
1840.]
Obituary.
217
Mary Ibbott, great-niece of Dr. Ibbott,
Chaplain to King Geo. I. and Prebendary
of Westminster.
At Streatbam.aged 80,tbe Right Hon.
Peggy Countess dowager of Ck)ventry.
She was the 2d dau. and cob. of Sir Abra-
ham Pitches, Knt. became the second
wife of George- William 7th Earl of Co-
ventry in 1783, and was left his widow in
1813, having had issue the present £arl
and a numerous family.
Jan. 16. In South Audley-st Char-
lotte, wife of Thomas Oliver, esq. of Bath.
Jan. 17. At Hammersmith, aged 65,
Daniel De Castro, esq. late of Warfield-
cottage, Berks.
Aged 75, Frances, widow of Henry
Creighton, esq. of Malda, Bengal.
Jan. 18. In Upper Woburn-place, aged
70, p:iizabeth, relict of the late William
Essei, esq.
At Hampstead,in bis 65th year, Robert
'Espinasse, esq. late of the Inner Temple,
youngest son of the late Isaac 'Espinasse,
of the Kill, CO. Dublin.
At Kennington, aged 82, Chas. Cole,
esq.
Jan. 19. In Buckiiigbam-sq. New
Kent-road, aged D2, Joshua Rogers, esq.
late of the Stock Exchange.
At Wobuni-place, aged 78, Elizabeth,
relict of Robert DodwcU, esq. of Doctors'
Commons.
In his 70th year, Richard Savage, esq.
of (^hiswell-st.
Agedc>.'i, John Hill, esq. of Welbeck-st.
At the house of bis brother in tbe
Edge ware -road, Lieut. William Reming-
ton Mercer, 70th regiment Bengal native
infantf)', nephew of Captain Alex. Mer-
cer, deputy-adjutunt-general, Dinaporc
divi>i()n.
In Southampton.st. Fitzroy-8(|. aged
60, June, wife of Mr. Jubn Lajidseer,
A.E.K.A. and F.S.A., and mother of
Mr. Edwin Landseer, R.A.andof Mr.
Charles I^ndveer, A.R.A.
Jan. 20. At North Brixton, James
Horatio Oliver, esq. eldest son of the
late Junies R. Oliver, esq. of Calcutta.
Bi uH)Ui)biiiiu:. — Jan, 11. At Elstow
iiodgc, aged 74, Sarah Farrer, third dau.
of the Ute D. F. Hillersden, esq.
Jan, 12. At Dunstable, aged 64, Geo.
(raw ley, esq.
Jan. . . . Aged 82, Abraham Harman,
ev(. more than fifty years steward of the
eiiUtes of W. W. Whitbread, of Southill,
esq, and of hiii father and grand father before
hun. As a last tribute of rchpect for his
inanv virtues Mr. Whitbread directed that
the burial of this excellent man should
take pUcc in his family vault ; which took
place on the 2Ut Jan.
Gent. Mau. Vol. XIII.
Berks. — Dec, 18. At Windsor, aged
61, the Hon. Wilhelmina Ruthven, tister
to Lord Ruthven.
Dee. 24. At Windsor, aged 85, Lieut.-
Col. Steel, one of the ** Poor Knights,"
during the last 22 years. His late Ma-
jesty allowed him, in addition, an annuity
of 50/. ; and a subscription has been set
on foot for his widow, at the head of
which stands the name of her Majesty for
10/.
Dec. 25. At Windsor, Sarah, widow of
the Rev. Henry St. John Bullen, Rector
of Dinton, Bucks.
Jan. 11. At Fariey Hill Castle, netr
Reading, Emma, fourth dau. of the late
Justinian Casamajor, of Potterells, Herts,*
esq.
Jan, 12. Anna, wife of Wilson Lomer,
esq. of Reading.
Jan, 13. At W^indsor, Second Lieut.
Charles Henry Chambers, Rifle-Brigade
(1834).
Cambridge. — Dec. 15. Aged 95, Elixt^
beth, relict of Edw. Frost, Esq. of Brink,
ley HaU.
IMely. Aged 64v Mr. William Watts,
of Ely ; a man distinguished by deep re-
search in the Hebrew Unguage, and editor
of tbe Psalms of David : eccentric in his
manners, but a worthy and honest man.
At Newmarket, aged 32, the celebrated
jockey, Arthur Pavis. He commenced
his career in 1821, riding 3st. 31b. Since
that time he rode 1837 races, comprising
2253 heats, and he won no less than 706
races.
Jan. 8. At Little Abington, in her
92 year, Susan, relict of the Rev. Andrew
Pern, M.A. Rector of Abington in tbe
Cley, and of Isham, Northamptonshire,
second dau. of the late Rev. Thomas
Smith, Rector of Stowlangtoft, and Vicv
of Pakenham, Suffolk.
At Wisbech, aged 23, the only son of
the late Rev. Wm. Hardwicke, Rector of
Outwell, Norf.
Cheshire.— «/an. 9. Peter Langford
Brooke, esq. of Mere HaU, Cheshire,
who about two years ago was married to
a daughter of Lady Charlotte Bury. He
had ventured on the ice of a pond near
his house. The ice broke, and, as the
water was very shallow, he determined on
working his way to the bank ; but in his
progress he unfortunately stepped into a
deep hole, and sank to rise no more.
This distressing event occurred in the
presence of Mrs. Brooke, who was at the
drawing-room window at the time.
Cornwall.— i>fc. 23. At Redruth, at
an advanced age, Mary, relict of Samuel
Vincent Pryce, esq. M.D. She was
the first to esublish the Church Sunday
School in that town, and she attended re-
gularly to it for upwards of SOjmn,
21S
Obituary.
CFeb.
Jan. 5. At Penzance, aged 38, Bald-
win Francis Duppa, esq. barrister. at-law,
the eldest son of Baldwin Duppa Duppa,
esq. of HoUingbourne House, Kent. He
was for some time a Commoner of Braze-
nose college, Oxford ; and was called
to the bar at Lincoln^s Inn, June 7,
1833. He was latterly honorary secre-
tary and chief supporter of the Cen-
tral Education Society. He edited their
productions, and had for many years been
the disinterested and able advocate of li-
beral and extended popular education. He
was also the founder of the scheme for
agricultural colleges, and successfully car-
ried out the plan for the establishment of
such a college in the county of Kent.
He has left a large family.
Cumberland. — Jati. 12. At the Par-
sonage, Keswick, Frances, wife of the
Bev. Fred. Myers, minister of St. John's,
Keswick, and dau. of J. C. L. Calcraft,
esq. of Ancaster. She had been married
but a few months.
Devon. — Dec. 21. At Torquay,
Henry Everett, esq. of Salisbury.
Dec. 22. At Exeter, aged 61. Lieut.
John Niess, late of the 3rd K. V. B.
Dec. 28. At Blewhayes House,
Broadclist, aged 67, James Daniell, esq.
Dec. 29. At the Wilderness, aged 7tS,
W. C. Hunt, M.D.
Jan, 5. At Stonehouse, Devon, aged
25, Louis- George Waldon, es(|. of the
Middle Temple, only son of the late J.
Waldon, M.D. of Bodmin, and nephew
of the late Lord Clinton.
Jan. 7. At Stonehouse, aged 82, John
Jackson, esq. Master Attendant of the
dockyard.
Jan. 10. At Plymouth, in his (iotli
year, Commander John Yule, U.N.
(1805.) He was twenty-seven times en-
gaged with the enemies of his country ;
and on three of those occasions, viz.
Cornwallis's Retreat, the battle of the
Nile, and that of Trafalgar, as one of
Nelson's Lieutenants in the Victory, he
received the public thanks of his country,
which were accorded by the vote of Par-
liament.
Jiaw. 15. At Dawli.sh, Sophia jMary,
third surviving daughter of Dr. and Mrs.
Yelloly.
Dorset. — Jan. 1. At Lyme Regis,
Miss Mary Lloyd, third daughter of the
late Samuel Lloyd, esq. of Battersea,
Surrey.
Jan. 13. At Beaminster, in his 80th
year, H. B. Way, esq.
DvRUAM.—Jan. 18. At Norton, aged
75, Mrs. Stapylton, widow of Henry
Stapylton, esq. only dau, of Robert Gre-
gory, esq. Capt. R.N.
Essex.— 2>ec. 10. At Duiimow, aged
75, Gw. Wade, esq.
Dec. 20. At Little Horkeslej, eged
05, Sarah, wife of George Sadler, esq.
Dec. 23. At Dedham, in her 85ch
year, Mrs. S. Merry, sister of the late
Anthony Merry, esq.
Dec. 30. At South Weald, Mary,
relict of Richard Heatley, esq. of Shen-
field -place.
Gloucestershire. — Dec. 18. At Co-
drington, Mary, wife of John Wickfaam,
jun. dau. of the late Rev. Edmund WillSy
Vicar of Wapley and C/odrington.
Dec. 20. At Thombury, aged 88,
Jose})h Parslow, esq. banker.
Dec. 2%. At Cirencester, aged 81,
Mrs. Lawrence, widow of William Law-
rence, esq. surgeon, and mother of Wil-
liam Lawrence, esq. the eminent surgeon^
of WhitehalUplace.
At Cheltenham, aged 60, Lady Ca-
therine Caroline, relict of Joseph Brack-
nell, esq. formerly of the Life Guards.
She was the only surviving dau. of Wil-
liam- (Jharles third Earl of Portmore ; was
formerly Lady of the Bedchamber to
Queen Charlotte, and was married in
1810.
Dec. :i6. At Cotham, Mary, ralict of
the late W. P. (,'oley, esq. dauffhter of
the late Thomas Prichard, esq. of Briatol.
Dec. 27. At Cheltenham, aged 70,
Mary Anne, widow of Robert Pbillipps,
esq. of Longworth, second dau. of the
late Michael Biddulph, of Ledbury, co.
Hereford, esq.
Laid*/. At an advanced age, Mrs.
Wilton, relict of R. P. Wilton, esq. late
Town C'lerk of Gloucester.
Jan. 2. At Cheltenham, in her 80th
year, Eliza, wife of H. Hill, esq. Deputy
(.'■ommissary Gen. dau. of the late R.
Kirwan, esq. of Cregg, co. Gal way.
At Clifton, Susanna-Christian, wife of
George Wcbbc Tobin, esq. only dau. of
the late John Cobham, esq. of Barba-
does.
Jan.'). At Westbury-on-Trym, aged
77, Ann, widow of Richard Symes, esq.
and last sumving child of the late £.
Bowles, esq. of the Royal Fort.
Jan. (>. At Bristol Hotwells, in bis
30th year, Jacob, only son of Jacob
Ricketts, esq. of Bath.
At Woodchester Priory, Eliza, the
wife of Henry Shuttleworth, esq. for-
merly of Market Harborough, and Great
Bowden, co. Leic.
Jan. K. At Clifton, aged 73, Elira-
beth, relict of the late George Ebery
Thomas, esq. of Bristol, and of Caldi-
cott, Monmouthshire.
Jail. 9. At the residence of Mr. S.
(r. . Clements, Bristol, Mrs. Ferce?al,
aunt of Mrs. Clements, and relict of the
late Theopbilus Perceval, esq. Bath.
Aged 24> Susanoa Martin, hwt surnr*
1840.]
Obituary.
219
ing child of Thomas Hardwick, esq. of
the Grange House, Tytherington.
Jan. \'d. At Arle House, near Chel-
tenham, the residence of her son-in-law,
aged 12, Catharine, relict of the Rev. T.
Bedford, M.A. Rector of St. Helen's,
Worcester.
Jan. 16. At Clifton, Georgiana-
Fninces, wife of Sir Simeon H. Stuart,
Bart. She was the youngest dau. of
George Gun, of Mount Kennedy, co.
Wicklow, esq. was married in 1815, and
has left several children.
Hants. — Dec. 12. At Holyboume,
near Alton, aged 81, William Barlow, esq.
Dec, 21. At Twyford, aged 79, Eliza-
beth, widow of the late William Short,
D.D. Prebendary of Westminster and
Rector of Kingsworthy.
Dec. :n. At Court Barn, near Titch-
tield, the relict of James Greene, esq.
Lately. At Fareham, Anne, 4th dau.
of the late Vice-Adm. Francis Parry.
Jan. 4.. Aged 70, the wife of John
Ross, esq. of Wimpson, Southampton.
Jan, 10. At Odiham, aged 87, Richard
Raggett, esq.
Jan. \\. At Ringwood, aged 71,
( harles Harbin, esq. solicitor, youngest
brother of the late Wyndham Harbin,
rsq. of Fritham.
Aged (iB, Sophia, relict of Henry Hul.
ton, ot Bevois-mount, Southampton, and
Lincoln's Inn, esq.
Jan. 18. Aged 50, Lieut. -Col. Hugh
Stacpoole, ot Clanville Lodge, near
Andover, late of the 45th Ke^, He was
appointed Ensign and Lieut. 4(ith Foot,
1800; Lieut. 47th, 1803; Capt. 1801;
Major 4oth, 1811; and brevet Lieut.-
Col. 1819.
Jan. 20. At Ventnor, Isle of Wight,
aged .'i'i, John Gillespie, esq. of Glasgow.
Hkrk^oku. — Dec. IG. At Kington,
in her C'W year, Anne, wife of Thomas
Lewis, esq. eldest and only surviving dau.
of the late Francis Tringham, esq.
Dec. 31. At Hereford, aged 57, Tho-
mas Rickards Watkvns, esq. solicitor,
only son of the late Rev. Thomas Wat-
kyns. Rector of Weston-under-Penyard,
and Preb. of Hereford.
Hkhts. — Dec. 21. At Charley-wood,
uged 70, (ieorge Thomson, esq.
Jan. 19. At Burfords, Hoddesdon,
aged 77, Edwuid Waller, esq.
Ki;>rr Dec, 26. At Hythc, aged 24,
the Hon. Richard William Lambart (late
of the Coldstream Guards), son of the
bte (jeneral Earl of Cavaii.
Jan. 5. At Sevenoaks, aged 66, Ann,
relict of the Rev. E. Sandford, B.D.
Rector of Nutfield.
Jan. 13. At Beckenham-place, Cecilia-
Charlotte, youngest daughter of William
Peters, esq.
Jan. 15. At Yardley House, Tun-
bridge, in her I2th year, Anna-Maria-
Charlotte, dau. of the late Charles Shaw,
esq. R.N. granddau. of the late Sir J.
G. Shaw, of Ken ward.
Jan. 16. At Westerham, aged 64,
Anne, relict of W. Loveday, esq. of
Huntingdon.
Lanc— />ec. 5. At Everton, in his
.39th year, George Barton Irlam, esq. of
the long-established firm (in the West
India trade) of Barton, Irlam, and Hig-
ginson, of Liverpool and Barfaadoes ; and
on the 10th, aged 39, Mary, his widow.
Jan. 13. At Sunning-hill, near Bolton,
Mary, wife of Richard S. Crook, esq. of
Liverpool.
Leicestershire. — Dec. 26. Aged 23,
Walter Richard Gough, esq. of Trinity
Coll. Camb. eldest son ot Richard Gougb,
esq. of Kilworth House.
Lately. At Leicester, Mr. J. B.
Watson, formerly proprietor of the
Theatres Royal, Cheltenham, Gloucester,
&c.
At Overseal, aged 86, Thomas Thorp,
esq.
Lincoln. — Jan. 15. At Crowle, aged
24, Cornelius Peacock, esq.
Jan. 19. At Gainsborough, aged 37,
the wife of the Rev. R. Thomas, Per*
petual Curate of Hemswell.
Middlesex.— Dec. 28. At Enfield,
Selina, %vife of William Blune, esq. of
Dominica, and niece of the Right Hon.
Sir Wm. Garrow.
Lately. At Chiswick, aged 71, EU.
zabeth, widow of Wm. Gaskell, esq. of
Chalfont St. Peter*s, Bucks.
Jan. 15. At Chiswick, aged 73, Charles
Whittinghara, esq. printer. He com-
menced business in I)ean -street, Fetter-
lane ; whence he removed to Goswell-
street ; and finally establinhed his office on
the banks of the Thames, at Chiswick.
The beautiful productions of the CMiwiek
Press will long preserve his name. He
was an amiable, unassuming man ; and
was generally beloved and esteemed. He
is succeeded in business by his nephew of
the same names, a well-known printer in
London.
Norfolk. --Z)tfc. 6. At Pulham, in her
70th year, Sarah, relict of John Young,
man, esq. of Waterbeach Lodge.
Jan. 15. Aged 70, Mr. John Purdy
Beacham, for fifty-four years a member
of the Norwich Theatrical Company.
Mr. Beacham was amongst the most re-
spectable actors, for at least fifty years,
of the Norwich circuit. Though not of
the first class, he was ever at nis duty^
perfect, and intelligent. In private life
his conduct was exemplary.
Jan. 21. At Norwich, aged 65, Wm.
Moore, esq. He served the office of
220
OBITUAmT.
[FUk
Sheriff for that city in 1824, Mayor 1835,
and was the last who held the latter office
under the old corporation. He was also
one of her Majesty's Justices of the Peace
for that city.
Northampton. — Jan. 11. Aged 21,
Spencer. Churchill, third son of the Rev.
C. A. Wheelwright, Rector of Tansor.
Northumberland.-. Dec. 22. At New-
castle-upon-Tyne, aged 70, Mrs. Alia-
son, relict of the late Rev. Thomas Alla-
son. Vicar of Heddon-on-the-Wall, dau.
of the late Charles Bathurst Sleigh, esq.
of Stockton-upon-Tees, and Arkengath-
dale, Yorkshire.
At Berwick, aged 80, Capt. George
Scott, late of E.l.C.S. He was one of
that heroic band who defended Gibraltar
in 1779, and of whom so few now remain.
His constitution broke down at St.
Helena.
Nottingham. — Bee, 28. At Staple-
ford Hall, near Nottingham, Lady War-
ren, widow of Admiral the Right Hon.
Sir Borlase Warren, G.C.B. Her Lady,
ship was the youngest daughter of Lieut. •
Gen. Sir John Clavering, by Lady Diana
West, daughter of John Earl Delawarr.
Her Ladyship is succeeded in her exten-
sive estates by her grandson, Lord Ver-
non.
Oxford.— Dec. 7. At the house of the
Rev. George Coles, after a protracted ill-
ness, aged 19, Richard, seventh son of the
Lord Bishop of Oxford and Lady Har-
riott Bagot.
Dec, 19. In her 13th year, Chadottc,
eldest dau. of the Hon. and Rev. F.
Bertie, Rector of Albury.
Jan. 14. William Green, Esq. late of
Caversham Hill.
Jan. 17. In her 80th year, Mary, wife
of the Rev. Thomas Ellis, Vicar of Great
Milton.
RuTLAND....Z)ec. 16. At an advanced
age, Martha, relict of Robert Peach, esq.
of Liddington
Shr<)P8HIRe.— Dec. 15. At Frees, aged
47,* Mary, wifeof Charies Nolloth Stubbs,
esq.
Dee, 31. At the house of her son,
Chetton rectory, aged 78, the relict of
Valentine Vickers, esq. of Cranmere.
Jan. 4. Frances Maria, wife of the
Hon. and Rev. Richard Noel Hill, Rec-
tor of Berrington, only son of Lord Ber.
wick. She was the 2d dau. of the late
Wm. Mostyn Owen, esq. was married in
1800, and has left four sons and four
daughters.
Somerset.— At Bath, aged 70, Mrs.
H. Benton, daughter of the late Dr. Ben-
ton, Prebendary of Canterbury.
Dee. 28. At Bafb, Lady £>ohtrty, i«.
lict of Sir Patrick^ Dohcrtj, CJB.
K.C.H. 13th dragoons.
Dec. 30. At Weston, near Btlh, aged
32, George Danvers JenkiiM^ esq. late of
69th Regt.
Dec. 31. Mrs. Baker, wife of Capt.
Baker, of Bathwick Hill, and mother of
the Rev. F. Baker, Curate of Bathwidc.
Lately. At Bath, W. J. SqgdeD, esq.
At Sutton Montis, aged 71, Sarah, le-
lict of Robt Leach, esq.
At Compton Martin, in the 107th year
of her age, Mary Davis. This extfaor-
dinary woman retained her facilities to
the last, sewing or knitting ; and until the
last few months a constant attendant at
the parish church, and taking long walks
about the village. She had been for
many years a pauper on the parish of St.
Nicholas, in Bristol.
Jan. 3. At Bath, the Right Hon.
Esther dowager Viscountess Harberton.
She was the eldest daughter and coheir
of James Spencer, esq. was niarried in
1 785, and left a widow in 1 833, having had
issue the present Viscount and sereral
other children.
Jan. 11. At Bath, Anne, relict of
Henry Norcott Ward, esq.
At Blackford, aged 77, Mrs. Maiy
Savidge, relict of Wm. Savidge, esq.
At Bath, aged 67, Mrs. Susanna Hut-
chesson, eldest dau. of the late Mann
Hutchesson, esq. of Wisbech.
Jan. 12. At Bath, Charlotte, only
surviving dau. of Samuel Newton, esq. of
Croxton Park, Camb.
At Bath, aged 70, Charles Harris,
esq. late of £. 1. Company's Civil
Service, and formerly Member of Council
at Madras.
Jan. 14. At Bath, aged 88, Frances,
relict of Robert Pigot, esq. of Peplow
Hall, Salop.
Suffolk. — Dec. 25. At Aldebuigh,
Catharine, second dau. of James Lawson»
esq. of Jamaica, and late of York-terrace,
Regent's-park.
Lately. At Framlingham, aged 74,
Sarah, relict of W. Salmon, esq. of
Cowbridgc, Glamorgan, dau. of the hite
Rev. Denny Cole, of Sudbury Priory.
Surrey.— Jan. 11. At Wimbledon,
aged 61, Michael Russell, esq.
Sussex.— 2)tfc. 1 1 . Aged 28, Marian,
wife of George Dempster, esq. Brighton.
Dec. 20. At Brighton, Eleanor Ric-
ketts, of Greenwich, widow of Capt.
James Ricketts, of Batavia.
Dec. 25. At Waldron, Maria Jane,
wife of the Rev. Thomas Raynes, dau.
of the late Rev. T. Fuller, of fleathfield.
At Hastings, aged 48, William Qls.
borne, esq. of Ceylon Ciril Serrioe,
1840.]
Obituary.
221
of the Rev. Thomas Gisborne, Preb. of
Durham, and brother of Thomas Gis-
borne, esq. M. P.
Lately. At Midhurst, aged ^, Char-
lotte, eldest dau. of the late Rev. Charles
Alcock, Archdeacon of Chichester, sister
to the Rev. Charles Alcock, Vicar of
Adderbury.
At Hastings, in his 36th year, John
W. Wakeman, second son of the late J.
Wakeman, esq. of Worcester.
George Henry Longridge, esq. of
(jatcshead, and of Brighton; who has
bequeathed 1000/. to the London Uni-
versity (yollcge, and 1000/. to the Univer-
sity College Hospital.
Jan, 5. At Brighton, Miss Elizabeth
HalU, second dau. of James Halls, esq.
of Colchester, and niece to the Rev. Dr.
John Garnett, formerly Dean of Exeter.
Jan. 0. At Hastings, aged 54, Anne,
the wife of Richard Oliverson, esq. of
Portland. place, dau. of the late John
Sowerby, esq. of Putteridge Bury, Hert-
fordshirc.
Jan. 12. At Sennicots, near Chiches.
ter, in her 75th year, Mary, widow of
Charles Baker, esq.
Jan. 13. At Brighton, aged 50, Wil-
liam Jenkins, esq. of Dudley.
At Hamsell House, Rotherfield, aged
87, Henry Thwaites, esq. father of Mr.
George Thwaites, of Bristol.
Jan. If). At Kelbridge Park, George
Raikes, enq.
Wakwicksiiikk. — Dec. ft. At Heath
(rrccn, near Uirraingham, aged 75, John
Turner, esq.
Dec. 17. At Hillmorton, aged 82,
Catharine, relict ot John Lovett, esq.
lajit surviving sister of the late John
Hey^ate, esq. of West Haddon Grange,
Northamptonshire.
Dec. 31. In her 80th year, Mary,
widow of William Harvey Musson, esq.
son of the late Rev. Bartholomew Mus-
son, Rector of Baginton.
Jan, }i. At Kdgbaston, aged 80, Tho.
mas Lee, es(|. tor several years an acting
magistrate for the counties of Warwick
and Worcester.
Jan. 14. Aged 83, Hannah, relict of
John Williamson, esq. of Coventry.
We.stmorlani). — Dec. 31. At
Broughsm Hall, in her 87th year, Elea-
nor, widow of Henry Brougham, esq.
(who died in 1810) arid mother of Lord
Broughsm. She was the only daughter
of Hev. James Syme, D.D. bv Mary,
sister of William Robertson, V.D, the
Scottish hiitorian. She was a lady of
the most amiable dispotition, and was
uni¥enally respected and esteemed by
those who bad the honour of her acquaint-
ance. No lady io the north of England
was more refined in manners and beha-
viour, and no one was more endeared to
high and low, rich and poor.
Wilts.— Dere. 22. At Ogboume St.
Andrew, aged 53, Davis Canning, esq.
Dec. 31. At Teffont, aged 75, Mar-
garet, relict of Thomas Mayne, esq.
Lately. At Urchfont, in consequence
of injuries received by getting entangled in
a chaff-cutting machme, J. Tanner, esq.
Jan. 6. At Warminster, aged 19,
Alfred Rowlandson, Exhibitioner of
Queen's Coll. Oxf. youngest son of the
late Rev. Michael Rowlandson, D.D.
Vicar of Warminster.
Jan. 9. At BuUidge House, near
Chippenham, aged 76, John Ames, esq.
Worcester. — Jan. 1. Aged 60,
Christiana Maria, wife of the Rev. Edw.
Dudley, M.A. Rector of Broom.
Yorkshire.— ATott. 27. At Leeda,
Mrs. Linley, mother of G. Linley, esq.
the well-known composer.
Dec. H. At Easingwold, at an ad-
vanced age, William Lodge Rocliffe,M.D.
Dec. 15. At Scruton Hall, Harriet,
relict of Col. Foster Lechmere Coore.
Dec. 20. Aged 46, Miss Alice Armit-
stead, of Wellington Lodge, near Hull,
third daughter of the late Rev. John
Armitstead, of Cranage Hall, Cheshire.
Dec. 31. At Rippondcn, near Hali-
fax, aged 72, Mary, relict of Thomas
Maslen, esq. formerly of Birchin-lane.
Jan. 7. At Almondbury, aged 84,
Thomas Shearron, esq. ; also, aged 80,
Joseph Shearron, esq. being the last of
their race and name. As they had lived
together united the whole of their lives,
and in the same house in which they
were born, so in their deaths they were
not divided, the one having expired only
twenty minutes after the other.
Jan. 10. At Wincobank, near Shef-
field, William Ford Rawson, esq. for-
meriy of the firm of Rawson, InkersoU,
and Co. bankers, at Nottingham.
Jan. 12. At Tadcastcr, aged 75^ Ro-
bert Addinell, esq. late of Selby.
Wales. — Lately. Near Canpartbcn,
aged 75, Samuel Morris, esq. of Lime
Grove, for many years a CoUector in the
Excise.
Jan. 2. At Haverfordwest, aged 105,
Louis Owen. He was able to ^k with
ease until within a short period of hia
decease.
Jan. 6. Aged about 140 years (accord-
ing to his own book), at Henllys, Pwll-
hell, John Oliver. He had travelled the
country for about a century, occasionidly
as sieve and basket maker, but gencfiUy
as a repairer of clocks and watches.
J€n. 8. At St. Botolph's, near Mil-
ford, a^ 63, Antony Innys Stokes, esq.
222
Orituaby,
[Feb.
Jaiu 10. At Perthyterfynn, Holywell,
aged 38, Ck)pner Oldfield, esq.
Jan, 20. At the Lodge, Overton,
Flintshire, Louisa Alice, youngest dau.
of the late George Kenyon, esq. of Cefn,
Denbighshire.
Scotland. — Dec. 9. At Edinburgh,
in her 92d year, Miss Innes, of Stow.
The fortune to which she succeeded on
the death of her brother, the late Gilbert
Innes, esq. about five years ago, was esti.
mated at not less than a million sterling,
and as she lived in a very moderate and
unostentatious manner, it was considera-
bly increased. Her charities, however,
were numerous and unostentatious.
The great bulk of the fortune, which is
the largest, we believe, ever gained by
one individual in Scotland, was the ac.
quisition of Mr. Innes himself, as a
banker. Her heir-at-law is William
Mitchell, esq. of Parson's Green.
Dec. 17. At Deny, N.B. Mr. William
Cuthell, student of divinity, and formerly
one of the assistant masters of the Colle-
eiate School in Leicester. To an intel-
lect of the first order, he united an unas.
suming simplicity and gentle piety. He
left the college of Glasgow with the
highest honours.
Dec. 28. At Sunnyside Lodge, La-
nark, the wife of Alexander Gillespie,
sen. late of America-square, London.
Lately. At Balcurvie, aged 96, Mr.
David Bonallo. Longevity seems pecu-
liar to the family, for his grandfather's,
his father's, and his own age, when taken
at an average, have each amounted to 97.
His father happened to cross Magus Muir
on the 3d of May, 1679, when Archbishop
Sharpe was murdered, and saw the as-
sassins scouring across the heath, after
the bloody deed. He was then in his 15th
year.
At Dundee, aged 94, Mr. James Miln,
architect.
At Loanhead, Mrs. Jean Bell, aged
102. She was born in Crichton, and
resided chiefly in the village of Pentland
for the last 80 years. She has left up-
wards of 70 grandchildren and great
grandchildren.
Drowned in the Forth, together with
two fishermen. Dr. Hod son, the only
son of the late Rev. W. Hodson, of
Rochdale, CO. Lane. The deceased took
the degree of M.D. at Edinburgh, in
1837.
James Mylne, M.A. for 42 years
Professor of Moral Philosophy in Glas-
gow College, an able teacher and an ex-
cellent man. The chair is more valuable
than any other of the same description in
Scotland, the emoluments, according to
the report recently publisbedi being T&U.
per annum, for 1835 and 1836, exdotife
of a free house.
At Dumfries, aged 85, Francie Shom,
esq. conjunct town-clerk of Dumfries.
Jan, 6. At Edinburgh, Eliabetb,
relict of George Harland Hartley, esq.
Ireland. — At Old Grange, oo. Louth,
aged 50, Peter Gemon, esq. He was the
descendant in a right line of Stephen de
Gernon, esq. who was the last Constable
of Carlingford Castle when it marked the
confines of the English Pale in IreUukL
At Dublin, aged 81, Elizabeth, relict
of C. Taylor, esq. M.P. of Maidstone,
Kent.
At Lucan, co. Dublin, Major Wm.
Ashe, of Ashfield, Meath, aged 86, for-
merly of the 23d Fusiliers, and Aide-de-
Camp to the late Gen. Earl of Harring.
ton.
Jan. 1. At the residence of his bro-
ther Dr. Sl John Clarke, in Skibbereen,
CO. Cork, Thomas Clarke, esq. in bis 79th
year; and on the 11th, aged 73, Dr. St.
John Clarke, his brother.
Jan. 2. Aged 87, Elizabeth, relict of
Thomas Bateson, esq. and mother of Sir
Robert Bateson, Bart, of Belvoir-park,
M.P. for the co. Londonderry. She was
the youngest dau. of George Lloyd, of
Hulme hall, co. Lane. esq. F.R.S. by
Susanna, sister of Sir Wm. Horton, of
Chaderton, Bart, was nuirried in 1779,
and left a widow in 1811.
Jan. 8. Near Donaghadee, Lieut. W.
Newcole, Chief Officer of the Coast-
guard on the Millisle station, shot by one
of the men under his command.
Jan. 17. At Dublin, Sir Brodridc
Chinnery, of Flintfield, co. Cork, Bart.
He was the son and heir of Sir Brodrick
the first Baronet (created in 17SKI) by
Margaret only dau. and heiress of Nicb.
Chinnery, of Flintfield, esq. He suc-
ceeded his father 1808; married in 1803
Diana-Elizabeth, youngest dau. of George
Vernon, of Clontarf castle, esq. ; and is
succeeded by his only son, the Rev. Sir
Nicholas Chinnery.
Guernsey.— Dw. 11. In his 19th year,
Le Marchant Francis Hutchesson, eldest
son of Dr. Hutchesson, Petite Marche.
East Indies. — Aug. 22. On his pas-
sage from Calcutta to the Cape, Lieut. -
Col. Edmund Craster, 30th Madras N. L
son of the. late Rev. E. Craster, of Let-
tlethorpe, Line, and nephew of Lieut. -
Col. Campbell, of Newcastle.
Aug. 25. At Houringabad, aged SO,
Lieut. Hugh Innes Mundell, youngest
son of the late Alex. Mundell, esq. of
Great George-st. Westminster.
Sept. 20. On his passage between €•!•
cuttaand Madras, a^34, Capt. J. Wal«
ton, of the Larkiiia Aast Indiaman.
\
1840.]
OfliruAiiY.
223
Sept. 27. At Calcutta, aged 48, Capt.
William Allen, formerly of the Hon.
Company's ship Vansittart, and late In-
>pector of Customs on the Hooghly.
Oct. 5. At sea, on his return from
India, Francis J. Thomas, esq. Lieut, in
her Majesty's 31 st Reg. son of the late
Capt. Thomas, E. I. C.S. and grandson of
Gen. Dick, of Clifton.
Oct. 10. At Kuniaul, aged 28, Henry
lirougham, esq. 4th cavalry, eldest son of
the late J. AV. Brougliam, esq. and ne-
phew to Lord Brougham.
Oct. 13. At Cabul, Major John Hay,
.'ijth Bengal N. Inf. son of John Hay,
e>q. of Edinburgh.
Oct. 14. At Secunderabad, Harriot
Amelia, wife of Lieut. Edw. Brice, Horse
Art. second dau. of the late J. W. Tuck,
etc, esq. of Berbice.
Oct. 25. Near Tatta, Bombay, aged
21, Greorge Macleod, assistant field en-
gineer to the Scinde reserve forcci second
son of the late Norman Macleod, Bengal
civil service.
At Cabul, aged 42, Capt. Henry Tim-
ings. Horse Art. youngest son of Mr. J.
Timings, of Worcester.
Nov. 8. On his way to Bombay, aged
36, Charles Prescott, esq. Civil Service.
Nov. 14. At Tellicherry, aged 22,
Cecilia, wife of Henry Lavie, esq. Lieut,
and Adj. 13th N. Inf.
Nov. 16. At Nassick, Bombay, a^ed
35, Richard Gray Chambers, esq. Civil
Service.
BILL OF MORTALITY, from Dec. 31, 1839, to Jan. 21, 1840.
Christened.
.Males 521 )
Females 518 J
1039
Buried.
Males 479 ^ nw.
Females 461 S ^'^
iS
2 and 5 98
5 and 10 50
10 and 20 46
^ J 20 and 30 64
Whereof have died under two years old ...230 pq / 30 and 40 83
^40 and 50 74
50 and
60 and
70 and
80 and
60 90
70 102
80 70
90 30
90 and 100 3
A \^ERAGE PRICE OF CORN, by which the Duty is regulated, Jan. 24.
Wheat.
s. d.
(j<) I
Barley.
M. d,
39 10
Oats.
s. d.
24 2
Rye.
t, d.
38 6
Beans.
1. d.
42 5
Peas.
«• d.
41 II
PRICE OF HOPS, Jan. 24.
Sussex PockeLs, 2/. 0». to 31. 3t.— Kent Pockets, 2/. 2s. to 6/. 6#.
PRICE OF HAY AND STRAW AT SMITHFIELD, Jan. 27.
Hay, 3/. :.i. to 4/. 5x — Straw, 1/. I6r. to 2/.— Clover, 4/. 10#. to 5/. 10#. Od.
SMITHFIELD, Jan. 27. To sink the Offal— per stone of 81b8.
Heef 3/.
Mutton 4*.
V^eal iis.
Pork 4*.
M. to 4«. 10(/.
2d. to bt. (W.
iM. to i3t. {)d,
Orf. to 5*. 0</.
Head of Cattle at Market, Jan. 27.
Beasts 2752 Calves 70
Sheep 22,«0 Pigs 545
COAL MARKET, Jan. 27.
Walls Ends, from 20«. \M. to 24#. 'M. per ton. Other sorts from 17#. 9d, to 2I#. Od,
TALLOW, per cwt.— Town Tallow, 55i. Orf. Yellow Russia, 51#.
CANDLES, 8f. 0^. per doz. Moulds, 9#. 6</.
PRICES OF SHARES.
At the Office of WOLFE, Brothers, Stock and Share Brokers,
2.% Change Alley, Cornhill.
Birmingham Canal, 219. Ellesmere and Chester, 81. Grand Juncdon
IHI. Kennet and Avon, 27. Leeds and Liverpool, 750. Regent's, 18
Rochdale, 112. London Dock Stock, 6')^. St. Katharine's, 106. East
and West India, 105. Liverpool and Manchester Railwav, 183. Grand Junc-
tion Water Works, 675. ^V***' Middlesex, 99. Globe Insurance, 132.
(iiiardian. 35§. Hope, 5|. Chartered Gas, 571. Imperial Gas, 54.
Phoenix Gas, 31. Indc|)endent Gas,5<P. (ieneral United Gas, 37.— — >Canad«
Land Company, 28.— —Reversionary Interest, 133.
METEOROLOGtCAL DIAHY, by W.CARY. Strand.
From Dtcember 36, 1839, 1« January 26, 1B40, bolh incluiivc.
Fahrenheit's Tberm.
Fihrenheit'8
rherm.
1-^ .,
OM
S-s
<= ISJs
B
Si
"3 E
1 m
Weather.
Dec
~r
- j °
in. pis.
26
41i
50
29,50
cloudy, rain
87
85
45
M
;42
elo«dj
88
36
32
,66
do.
S9
38
31
30,30
do. fair.
30
31
40
41
.2a
f»ir,cldr.rn.
31
47
49
48
29.80
cloudy
J. J
ao
54
53
,70
do. fdir
M
51
43
,78
bir, cloudy
43
4»
43
.98
cloudy
3fl
39 . 38
, 90
36
38: 31
,8.^
fair, cloudy
32
36| ^
30,10
do.
27
31
22
20
do.
8
80
31
31
. 13
cloudy
9
38
35
35
,20
do. fog
10
34
34
»
,46
fair, cloudy
DAI
From Dtcmber 27,
91 i
J. J. ARNULL, Stock
6^
It
=
1^
i
r
S ■ Weather.
Dec. ■>
in. p(8.'!
11 ' 85
35 34
30,49 .fair
12 ' 36
38 1 32
,17 do.
13 31
42
38
,06 :do.
14 10
44.
43
89,96 cloudy
15
42
45
45
30, 07 1 do. rain
16
43
47
42
29, 70 do.
17
41
44
38
, 53 ' rain
18
42
46
50
, 70 do. fair
19
M
50
48
, 51 do.do. windy
20
45
*7
54
, 70 do. do.do.
21
34
51
47
, 3t do. do. bail
22
50
52
40
, 68 fair, cloudy
, 70 'ddy. windy
23
49
«
53
24
53
53
42
30, 03 do. ruin, do.
25
41
41
49
89, 36 . ivii
STOCKS,
28, 1840, both incluHv*.
9 II pm.
11 8 pm.
8 11 pm.
9 12 pm.
10 12 pm.
10 12 pm.
10 14 pm.
13 15 pm.
15 18 pm.
18 20 pm.
18 20 pm.
18 20 pm.
19 21 pm.
7, B. nCEOLS Mffi Km, f^ EAUUMUn
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE.
MARCH, 1840.
Bv SYLVANUS URBAN, Gbnt.
CONTENTS. ,xo.
Minor Cokrespondenci. — Body of Charles I. — lodian Faquin — Founder of
Guiiibrough Priory. — ** ^lien Greek meets Greek," &c SS6
Lord Brougham's Historical Sketches of Statesmen S27
Heme's Oak, Windsor Little Park {with a Plate) \ S43
Arrangements of the State Paper Office. — Mr. Tytler and Lord Bnrghley S46
The Litigious Character of the Borough of Southwold S47
On Hallam's Literary History, the Council of Trent, &c. — Bignon and Artaud —
G. Cassander — Ranke — Dr. Arnold — Sarpi — PallaTicini — T. Aquinas —
Bodin — Episcopius — Capital punishment for Heresy, and Catholic oppo-
nents of Intolerance — The Dying Soi^ of Poets, &c. &c S49
Letter from Mr. Hallam on the Council of Trent, and Consultatio Cassandri . . 358
Mr. T. Rodd on the order of the publication of Shakespeare's Plays, the Quarto
Editions, and the signature to his Will SGO
Sir F. Madden on the orthography of Shakspere's name — Ralegh — ^Buighley... S62
Mr. Burgon in Tindication of the receiTcd Orthography, Shakspeare« 864
LicenRe to the Duke of York's Company of Players, in 1611 1 Illustrations of
Shakspeare ; and the Pronunciation of his Name • . • • S6T
Colonel John Jones the Regicide, and the Jones's of Shrewsbury . S70
Antiquities and ornaments of Bremhill Church, Wilts (with m Cut) , 371
REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Collier's Farther Particulars regarding. Shakespeare and his Works, 873 ;
Weaver's Monumenta Antiqua, 876 ; Lathbury's Guy Fawkes, 880 ; Lauito*s
Proceedings, &c. at Bethlem Hospital, 883 ; Cresy*s Treatise on Bridge
Building, 884 ; Smith's ComparatiTO View of Ancient History, t^. ; Wake's
Southwold and its Vicinity, 887 ; Wright's Political Songs of England,
'i98; Miscellaneous Reviews, 896; Goo&ugh on Biblical literature, 896;
Shoberl's Prince Albert and the House of Saxony ••••••..••.» 898'
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.
lAAt of new Publications, 300 ; AbboUford Club, 308 ; Spalding Club, it. ;
Institution of Civil Engineers, ib.; Royal Institute of Britiih Aidii-
tects,i&. ; Oxford Architectural Society. ; 303
ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.
Society of Antiquaries, 304 ; Roman Inscription discovered on the coast of
Glamorgan 301 '
HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.
Parliamentary Proceedings, 305 ; Foreign News, 307. — Domestic Occurrences 306
Promotions and Preferments, 318. — Births, 313. — Marriages 313
OHITUARY ; with Memoirs of the Landgravine of Hesse Homburg, the Mar-
chioness Dowager of Hastings, the Archbishop of Paris, Gen. Sir James
Duff, Adm. Sir Henry TroIIope, Rear-Adm. Bond, Colonel Kingscote,
John Beauclerk, esq. Benj. Gott, esq. Sir W. Ellis, Capt. Gerani, and
Mr. Robert Reeve 31 5--386
Clkrgy Deceased, 3'i6. — Deaths arranged in Counties 388
Bill of Mortality— Markets— Prices of Shares, 335 «- Meteorological Diary—Stocks 336*
Embellished with a View of Herne's Oak, Windsor Little Park; a View of
Stonehenge ; and an ancient Gravestone at Bremhilli Wilts.
226
MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.
Id our last Number (p. 126) we alluded
to a circumstance attending the disinter-
ment of the body of King Charles the
First. We have since heard from un-
doubted authority, that the curious fact
mentioned by Sir Henry Halford, was
witnessed and attested at the time by the
Prince Regent : and therefore we consider
that testimony, with Sir Henry Halford's,
to be quite sufficient to establish it as an
historical fact» not hereafter to be im-
planed.
Monsieur, Paris, Jan. \9.
J'ai lu avec beaucoup d'inti^rdt dans le
deHlier No. du Genflemafi'a AfagaaHne un
article, traduit de PHindoustani, sur les
Faquirs Indiens. En le oomparant avec
le texte je me suis assure que la traduc-
tion est fiddle, si oe n'est en deux endroits
((oe je prends la liberty de vous indiquer
id. Je me ilatte que le savant auteur de
cet article ne consid^rera pas ma lettre
comme uhe cri(3q*ue importune, mais an
cdfitraiiie comm^ un t^moignage de Pat-
ttfntion que son travail a excite.
F. 29, on lit,. '' They (the Joghees) heal
diseases by a word, and instantly know
the mind of a stranger, whether fnend or
foe, though a Joghee is a friend to every
oise."
II fallait traduiror ** They heal the sick,
being about to die, by a word, and in-
standy know the miud of a stranger.
Their very practice is eai^elessness and in-
differenoer for friends. It is true to say
that the Joghee it the friend qf no one
(this last sentence is a proverb).*'
£t p. 30. " They (the Jutees) say that
the, body of. man is of four elements, and,
at its dissolution, each will mingle with it»
origin. They will not on any account
give people nre or water, which all other
sects of Hindoos think it their duty to do,
tfibugh they hold it to be a good act to
throw oil on an extinct lamp."
II fallait tradure, « They ssy that the
boidy of man is of four elements, and, at
its dissolution, each will mingle with its
origin. Then punishment on what and
for ifhat would it be ? According to that
opinion, they say that it is not proper to
give to corpses nre or water, which in the
opinion of the Hindoos it is duty to do.
They say, of what utility is it to throw oil
on an extiliet IdMp ? *'
J*ai rhonneur d'etre,
Monsieiir, &c.
Gakoin db Tasst,
Membre de Tlnstitut de France,
ProfetMltr d'Hiftdovftaiii, &e.
A 3fojii. IJrhan.
Mr. Bruce, of York, has sent nt the
following note addressed to the Rev.
Marmaduke Prickett, (now, we regret to
have to tell him,) no longer living to ac-
knowledge the intimation : —
" Rev. Sir, You published in 1835 a
History of the priory church of Bridlington,
and at page 66, you say that a Richard
Tyson was the founder of Guxsbrough
Priory. Now, according to Brompton,
Leland^ Camden, Dugdale, Taantr, Bur-
ton, Graves, &c. &c. it was fbonded by
Robert de Brus (whom I now represeot).
Brompton's words are as fbUows :—
'< Eodem anno (1129) fundata est doikniu
de G3rsebunis in Clevdand per Raimrtmm
de BruSf de consensu et oonfirmstiaBM
Pape ct ThuYstini Eboracensis arohiepis*
copi, ipsius etiam regis Henrici." There
are also copies of tho origixud foundation
charters, the charter of Peter de BnUy Ro-
bert son of William de Brus» and William
King of Scotland, aud also of RidOutf
KeHow, bishop of Dm'ham ; b«t I haws not
been able to tnd any relating' #» pour
founder, I sm> Sir, yours, &e.
** William Downiko Brucb.*'
A Nsw SoBsoAiBES at Edinbnrg^Mid
we hope our New Subscribeis- srt as
numerous as the Old, though not mich
frequent Correspondents,) supplies an
answer to the question in p. 1 14, ** Where
the line
* When Greek meets Gredc, tkan eomee the
tug of war/
is to be found ? *' He will find it m the
now almost obsolete tragedy of Alexander
the Great. It is in the baAq,a«t seeae of
the fourth act, where Clytos taunta the
young Conqueror with the superior prowesa
of his father Philip— the line is, eorrectly,
'' When Greeks ioin'd Of«ek^ then itaa the
tag of war."
H. remarks that Mr* WodderapoOn's
error respecting the Portrait of Judge
Clench (noticed in p. 181) that it wim
painted by Holbein^ probaMy arose Itmb
the very pleasing engraving of thaC por-
trait, etched by Holistr m 1664, wUeh ia
inserted in the Chronica Seriee atfachad
to Dagdale*s Ortgines Jnridicialaa* Tku
Painter's name does not appear.
We tae. obliged to defer to another
month several welcome cofmmunloationa,
particularly F.R.A. on Dr, Dove and his
horse Nobbs ; the Vindication of the Rev.
Samn^ Bishop, by JoHAKNENais ; thaag
of Mr. C. H. Coopsn and M. on lh«
use of Maces, &c. &c. We shaD
hate taom for the kftters el B. C. D*
X
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
Historical Sketches of Statesmen who fiourUhed in the Time of George the
nird, Sfc. First and second Series, By Henry Lord Brougham.
(839. 2 vols.
LAVATER^ in one of his letters to a philosophical friend, says, " J
hold it to be quite impossible for a roan of originsdity to be painted. I
am a lover of portraits, and yet there is nothing I hate so roach as por-
traits."^ What, it roay be asked, did the philosophic physiognomist
mean ? Why — that there is a marked distinction between the reflectidi
of a man*s countenance in a glass, and the imitative likeness which the
painter, through lights and shadows, forms upon the " breathing wall.**
'ilie former is produced without effort or difficulty^-mechanical and common
— the latter is the production of intense and penetrating thoughtj— of
rare powers of abstraction and separation, acquired by inUmate acquaint-
ance with the varied features of the human race^ outward symbols of their
passions and feelings ; and by contemplating them through the medium of
the art which is to be exercised upon them, llie one representing what
is temporary, casual, and changeable ) the otlier, what is permanent, in^
herent, and characteristic, in the mirrored copy of the one, no truth b
advanced, no knowledge obtained ; in the other^ by the abstraction of all
that is unnecessary and irrelevant^— all that depends on temporary and
accidental circumstances — the leading characteristics become prominent
and visible, having separated themselves from what incumbered and concealed
them before. The real person then comes forth, formed as it wore of the
proper and iui perishable elements of his peculiar character, as the finished
statue may be said to walk forth from the quarry. For this reason Golo-
ridgc said of Cliantrey's bust of Words worthy *' that it was more like
Wordsworth, than Wordsworth himself is." Such is the approprinle
dignity and purpose of the art, whether exercised by the chisel or the
pen. That it is one of great difficulty of attainment, is seen by the pandty
of its superior and successful productions ; for, to reanimate the lifeless
form, to catch the departed spirit, to embody it in another shape, and
animate it with a portion of the same stherial fire, requires not only mat
original genius, but very extensive knowledge, acute observation of mmnte
and particular traits, and philosophical power of generalising what has been
acquired. It demands alike the faculty of abstraction and recoinposition $
of analytical and synthetical argument -, nothing being too minute to escape
detection, nothing %o comprehensive and complicated as to defy analysis.
That Lord Brougham entered on his arduous undertaking of drawing
tlie characters of late and contemporary statesmen with all necessary endow-
ments and qualifications, we can readily believe. With an understandiiy
practical as well as refined, with great acquirements in civil and political wis*
dom, with extensive knowledge of men in social, professional, and private in-
* For this nying of LitTiter, is well as for the anecdote of Coleridge, we own will<i
iogiy ow obBgition to that very htterestiof volume, " Gnessss at Truth." 13nio. 1830.
•30 Lard Brougham*s Historical Sketehet of Sutietmen. [ItatA,
Such was the eminent person, whose intelligent and interestioy pwtidit
two contemporary statesmen have drawn in coloure not dissHnilnr $ a&i
the guiding motto of whose conduct seems to have been, " to dislike aM
councils and acts/' olov oxXos ^iXci voiiir. (Thocyd. iv.) Owr
personal knowledge hardly serves for more than to preserve in o«r
ries a faint shadow of his singnlarly high-bred manner and pleasuig gob-
versation ; but we are fortunately able to delight our readers witli «oae-
thing more characteristic than can be drawn from the fiddity of our reosl-
lectaon — to lay before them a letter, which presents well the quaint anjd finely
manner as well as affectionate feeling, that made Mr. Windham's <Hine-
spondence so dear to his relations and friends, it relates to his own mar-
riage, and was written in 1 798.
to all the love I bear her, but mif^t not
do so, if she knew how ill that somelmiet
has been requited. You must keep w^
therefore, with that friend ; and I» on mj
part, will represent you, as a pattern ^
reasonableness and propriety, and inno-
cence and meekness, and not the little
wajrward, perverse, impertinent, andipoilt
thing which you and I, and your moiher,
and a few others, know you to be. Kitty,
I suppose, is so intent upon her own
espousals, that she will have no leintre to
attend to mine, except to think it very
odd, that she and I should both be mar*
ried, or about to be so, at the same time.
" The young couple has, however, vastly
the advantage in a courtiihip ; you must
not suppose that Mrs. Windham and I ait
with our heads together in the pteUy
manner in which we have seen some other
people do. Pray write to me and tell me
how you take these things, and whether
you think that I have been C^ty of an
unpardonable breach of allegiance, in
daring to take this step without consaltiag
you ; or whether jou will still condeicaad
to be my * ch^re petite,' now that the ao*
vereignty of my heart is traniferred tP
another. Putting the dignity, and domU
nion out of the question, I think the
' ch^re petite' ought to feel it, as a oom*
fortable reflection, that she has anoiftei
home provided, where she will always he
received with the same tendemeis and
kindness that she has experiaafitd
largely in her own : — * con tutd f
ti di tenerezza e de afficEiftMe, vostro
•amantissimo zio, W^W/ *'
** My dear .... Beigate.
** I suppose, if I knew all your imper-
tinences when hearing that I was become
a happy man, I should think that you had
very well settled the account, and that no
regret would be felt nor apologies made
for my having failed to tell you what was
to happen before it was known through
the medium of your mother. Young peo-
ple are naturally bashful upon these sub-
jects, and I could not bring myself to
write to you, till the matter was first
broken through the intervention of another.
Pray tell me whether you first lauded or
looked grave ; whether you were most
diverted with the thoughts of me as a
married man, or fearful lest a new situa-
tnn should take from tlie affection which
I had hitherto felt for * la petite.' 'Tis
certain that I shall be a most exemplary
husband ; but then there is nothing in-
consistent with that in loving one^s niece
— toute jolie qu*elle puisse Pfitre — and
especially considering how long the attach-
ment has lasted, and how faithfully it has
been kept on my side, though not always
on hers. In fact, I have already avowed
my passion, and obtained a regular dis-
pensation from the proper authority ; so
that nothing will prevent my loving as
usual * la ch^re' but the levities,
prices, and perversities of the said
ca-
which, to be sure, might well have got the
better of any attachment less fixed and
faithful than mine. I shall dissemble my
wrongs in this respect that I may not de-
prive her of a friend, who now has a great
interest in her, and can reconcile herself
We will add one of his kind and sportive notes written to the same per-
son in French, some little time prccedi ng.
*' Non, ma ch^re Marie, je ne vous
abandonnerai pas ; mais pour la moc-
quene, Je
abstenir.
ne puis promettre ife wtftia
Que vottlez vous q«e je dise
a sentence that surely needs a sagacious commentator to explain it. IawA Brongham^s
judgment is surely more correct, when he says, tiiat all Windham's distingaished qoSlitaea
'* were all, when put together, unequal to the task of raising him to the Urst node**
'* His nature, too, was to be a follower, if not a worshipper, ratiier than an origiBal
thinker or actor,'* &c.
1840.] L&rd Brwg1uaC$ HuLorical Sketche$ ^fStaiemoL 231
a «iie fiUe tendre et sensible, qui en ^mu d*iiiie lettre qui ii*aniioiice qvi eeOe
toivant a son oncle, met en ceoTre Urates qni Ta ^crite n*a pai profits de ma par-
ies tcHunures elegantes qui puisseDt con- mission : qnoiqa'il n'y a pas un ■**f«iatif
Ycnir k nn billet-doux. Je lui r^pondrai f^minin, qni pr^^e le participe, et qni ea
en la ridiculisant, et en critiquant lea est gonTemtf, et oil je lis que telle choie
fautes grammaticales de son stile. La I'ai fait surmonter ? c*est-a-dire en Aa-
tendresse ne peut rien sur moi, k moina glais hat made ker to ofereome— et pin*
d'etre exprim^e suivant toutes les regies de sienrs autret choses de la sorts. Je snig
la grammaire. Cast lorsque le yerbe ac- en<in grammarien, et je ne puis ^tre gag^i^
corde avec son substantif , que la tendresse qui par eeui qui le sont. Yoilk comme je
cat irresistible. Corrigez done votre let- vous ai soustrait, queique choae que j*avoit
tre, et renvoyez la moi, toute corrig^, et ^rit ; ce n*6toit pas, je vous assure, pwoe»
alors, peut etre, j'en serai touch^e. Mais qu'il ne contenoit rien, que je croyaig
pour le present, comment pourrai-je #tre tous deroir 6tre d^sagr^ble. Adieu !' *'*
We next turn to a contemporary statesman of another country.
In the character of tliis person, M. Necker, who was called by a foreign
country to take the helm, when shipwreck was all but inevitable, LordBrongham
has justly marked his wise and determined operations in his first adminis-
tration and his temporising and wavering policy in his subsequent ; his
compliance one day with the people, and then with the court, stupefied
inaction alternating with pointless and ill-conducted activity. Lord
Brougham thinks that if Necker had been in office at the death of Maurepas,
then fourscore years old and upwards, he must have succeeded to his place ;
and that he would certainly have prevented both the financial embarrass-
ments which led to the Revolution, and the assemblage of the states, which,
occasioned by the deficit, was its proximate cause. Sir James Mack-
intosh, however, has formed a different opinion of that statesman's ability
and power : his brief sketch of him we shall give.
" M. Necker, probably upright tad to his privacy, while he was limited to it (
not illiberal, but narrow, pusillanimous, and would haTC been adjudged by history
and entangled by the habit of detail f in equal to his elevation, had he never bMB
which he had been reared, possessed not elevated, t The reputation of few men, it
that erect and intrepid spirit, those en- is true, has been expoaed to so severo a
Urged and original views, which adapt test; and a generous obaerrer will be dit-
themselves to new combinations of dr- posed to scrutinise leas rigidly the dalas
cumstances, and sway in the great convul- of a statesman who has retired with Um
man of human affairs. Accustomed to the applause of no party, who is detested by
trauquil accuracy of commerce, or the ele- the aristocracy as the instrmneat of tbtfr
gant amusements of literature, he was ruin, and despised by the
called on * to ride in the whirlwind, and leaders for pusillanimous and <i«f^itif
direct the storm/ He seemed superior |K>licy. But had the character of Nsckor
* An interesting memoir of Mr. Windham is prefixed to his Speeches by his fritad
Mr. Amyot, and Mr. Malone printed, soon after his death, a sketch of him, fbr ni*
vate distribution. To some persons who delight in the smallest recoUectioni of msa of
genius, it may not be without interest to hear that when we enterad his Ubrsiy si
Felbrigg, some little time after his death, we found on his table the latest books ba kad
been reading ; one of the commentators on Aristotle, a Greek grammarian, aad tht
Marianne of Marivaux ; the lost an author that we readily believe to have been a favoo-
rite.
t See Vind. (;aIlirsB, p. 30. '* The late Adam Smith always held this opiakm af
Necker, whom he had known intimately when a banker at Paris. He predicted tka
fail of his fame, when his talents should be brought to the test, and always emphati-
cally said, * he ift but a man of detail.* At a time when the commercial abilities of Mr.
Kden (Ld. Auckland) were the theme of profuse eulogy, Dr. A. Smith characterised
him in the same words.**
\ Sophocles asserts that power and office are necessary as proofs of wisdom.
*A^ilXaP09 di wain'6t a»fy6t mkimBup
"ftvxn* rt Mil iPpimffAa urn yv«ifii;ir wpm ^
*Apx7<^», «l pofioiffuf ivrpi^ <f>w^, Aotif . v. 101.
232 Lord Brougham's Historical Sketches of Statesmen » [March»
possessed more originality or decision , it could resist the torrent, and no
could have had little influence over the adequately predict the terminatioii. Ha
fate of France. The minds of men had is represented by M. Calonne, as tbe Loid
received an impulse : individual aid and Sunderland of Louis XVI. sending the
individual opposition were equally vain. King to destroy his own power; but lit
His views no doubt extended only to pal- had neither genius nor boldnesf for sadi
liation, but he was involved in a stream designs/*
of opinions and events, of which no force
In the delightful Memoirs of the Comte de Segur, we recollect the hooonr-
able and affectionate manner in which he speaks of the virtues of one whom
be had familiarly known, and closely watched in his path of peril. He says it
was impossible to approach Necker without being affected by his sentimenta
and feelings, and impressed with respect for his character. One breathed,
he says, an air of simplicity and virtue in his house, which was quite un-
known elsewhere in the midst of a brilliant court and a corrupted ca-
pital. " L'envie la plus haineuse ne saurait, par aucun pretexte plausible,
refuser ^ M. Necker la plus noble caract^re, une &me elev^e, un extreme
amour du bien public, des intentions toujours pures, un esprit tr^ eten-
dre, et une brillante eloquence. Mais it 4taU d^une autre part, ainsi one
le roi, plus fort en principes quen actions.'* These Memoirs should be
read by all who wish to understand both the merits of Necker*s short adminis-
tration, and the causes of its termination. He says the religions (devots)
were scandalised in seeing a Protestant holding the helm of state ; and the
nobles and wealthy were offended at the pretensions of a simple Grenevau
banker. All accused him of pride and ambition, and the confidence of the
Monarch gave way. Mad. de Genlis mentions the contrast between the
pompousness and swell of Necker*s writings, and the ease and simplicity of
bis manners and conversation. " He owed (she says) to a short, stout, vulgar
face, an air of bonhommie ; and this, added to his clever conversation, in
which there generally mingled causticity, gave him an appearance of origi-
nality. He had a great deal of talent, and would have been a good
writer, if he had not formed his style in the school of M. Thomas ^ and
the habitual elegance of his manners would have rendered him distin-
guished, if he had not spoiled it by ostentation and every absurdity which
springs from vanity and unbounded pretensions.*' When Buonaparte vi-
sited him at Coppet, in 1 800, on his march to Marengo, he designated his
venerable host^ as " Regent de Ck>ll6ge, bien lourd and bien boursofle'*— a
college tutor, very heavy and very turgid.*
Perceval, — It is not with the intention of remarking on Lord Brougham's
portrait of Mr. Perceval, or of supplying any part that may be thought
deficient, that we have introduced his name ; but with the humbler thongh
perhaps more interesting motive of mentioning a very remarkable drcum-
stance which attended the melancholy death of this amiable and excellent
person, and which we presume may be new to our readers. Dr. Aber-
crombie, so well known by his medical and metaphysical works, and by
the light which he has been able to reflect from one science to another,
gives us the following story of a dream which occurred in Cornwall to a
gentleman of the name of Williams of Scorrier House; and the particnlars
of which he derived, through a friend, from Mr. Williams himself.
* For some account of Necker and his administration, see the Memoirs of the
Princesse de Lamballe, voL i. p. 343 ; ii. p. 153. B. Constant considered that none of
the works of Madame de Stael gave such a faithful and vivid portrait of bar own
mind, as her Memoir on her father's life — " Ia Vie priv^ de M. Necker." — 8ee
Vie de Mme. de Sta6l| par M. de Saussureii'' p. 101.
1 840.] Lord Brougham's Historical Sketches of Statesmen. 233
" Eight days before the murder of occurred two days previously. Being in
tlie late Mr. Perceval (of whom he had London a short time subsequently, he
no previous knowledge whatevor) Mr. found in the printshops a representatioa
Williams dreamt that he was in the lobby of the scene, and recognixed in it the
of the House of Commons, and saw a countenances and dress of the parties, the
small man enter, dressed in a blue coat, blood on Mr. Perceval's waistcoat, and the
and white waistcoat. Immediately after peculiar yellow basket buttons on Belling-
he saw a man dressed in a brown coat with ham's coat, precisely as he had seen them
yellow basket-metal buttons, draw a pistol in his dream. ' To this account by Dr.
from under his coat, and discharge it at Abercrombie, a person to whom Mr. Wil-
the former, who instantly fell, the blood liams had more than once circumstantially
issuing from a wound a little below the related his dream (Dr. Carlyon) adds, that
left breast. He saw the murderer seized Mr. Hill, a barrister, and grandson of
by some gentlemen who were present, and Mr. Williams, states, that Mr. Williams
obst>r\'ed his countenance, and on asking ' heard the report of the pistol, saw the
who the gentleman was who was shot, blood fly and stain the waistcoat, and saw
he was told it was the Chancellor the colour of the face change.* He like-
of the Exchequer. He then awoke wise mentions that ' on the day following
and mentioned the dream to his wife, who the dream, he went to Godolphin, with
made light of it ; but in the course of the Messrs. Robert W. Fox, and his brother,
night the dream occurred three times, with- Mr. W. Williams, and on his return home
out the least variation. He was now so informed them of the dream, and of the
much impressed with it that he felt much uneasiness of his mind on the subject ;
idolined to give notice to Mr. Perceval, uneasiness in great measure arising from
but was dissuaded by some friends whom he his doubts about the propriety of annonnc-
eonKulted, who told him he would only get ing a dream which had made so great an
himself treated as a fanatic. On the even- impression on himself to the friends of
ing of the eighth day after he received the Mr. Perceval ; but he allowed himself to
account of the murder, the murder having be laughed out of any such intention.* "
Sir P. Francis, — The account given by Lord Brougham of this somewhat
(^ccentric and remarkable person leads naturally to the subject of Junius/
'* His own style of writing (he says) antithetical, and thus wearing the appear-
was admirable, excelling in clearness, ance of more labour than strict taste might
abounding in happy idiomatic terms, justify, it had the essential quality of bdag
not overloaded with either words or so pellucid as to leave no cloud over the
figures, but not rejecting either bean- meaning, and seemed so impregnated irith
tiful phrases or appropriate ornament. It the writer's mind as to wear Uie appear-
v% as somewhat sententious, and even ab- ance of being perfectly natural, notwidi-
rupt, like his manner ; it did not flow very standing the artificial textnre of the com-
Muoothly, much less fall impetuously, but position. In diction it was exceedingly
ill force and effect it was by no means pure,'* &c.
wanting ; and, though somewhat more
III tracing the chain of evidence^ as to his claim to these letters, Lord
Brougham mentions the perfect coincidence between their dates and Sir
P. Francis's changes of residence -, the interest which Junius felt in the
affairs of the War Office, of which Sir P. Francis was a clerk ; and the
nirious circumstance that Mr. Francis was dismissed from his office in
1772, and after January 1773 Junius wrote no more; and further, Mr.
Francis, the lately dismissed clerk, was sent out a member of Council to
Calcutta ! Junius generally shows great regard or forbearance towards
the family of Lord Holland, who had been the patron of himself and his
* What may be considered as adding to the singularity of the dream and its
prophetic vision is, that at the time when it took place the assassin was meditating
mt the death of Mr, Perceval, but ^f lAtrd Granville, who, he considered, had neg-
lected him at St. Petersburg ; but Mr. Perceval fell first in his way, and if Mr.
Perceval had not suddenly moved forward to obey a summons brought by a mes-
senger, Mr. Stephen, who was on his left side, would have been the victim. Tktu
Mr. yfiltiame was dreaming qfa mnrdtr which no ont wot imagining or devirimg^
but which, in fact, took place,
Gb.nt. Mao. Vol. XIII. 2H
234 Lord Brougham's Historical Sketchet of Statesmen. [Mardi,
father $ he showed sreat personal kindness towards Woodfall :^noiir
Sir p. Francis and Woodfall had been schoolfellows and on friendly terms
through life, and Junius seems to have been apprehensive that Wao^aU
kneo) who he wax. Further,-—
" It is known that Junius attended in Lord Chatham. There if a remarkable
the gallery of the House of Commons, coincidence with Junius in some panagea
and 3iat he has occasionally quoted the de- given by both, necessarily unknown to
bates from his own recollection. Sir P. each other, and unaccountable umUae ihtg
Francis did the same, and he communi- were one and the tame person.**
Gated his notes to Almon, for his Life of
'' All these, and other matters (says Lord Brougham) of external eri*
dence^ make out a case of circumstantial proof sufficiently striking, and strong
enough to render the identity highly probable. Is the internal evidence
equally strong ? It is the singidarity of this question, that* whereas
in almost all other cases the proof rests chiefly, if not wholly, on compa-'
rison qfsii/lesy and there is Uttle or no external evidence either way, here,
in proportion as the latter is abundant the former is scanty.'* It appears
that there are a few peculiar turns of expression common to both, but
here all similarity ends 3 but on the fact of the evidence of the band-
writing Lord Brougham gives the following curious circumstance :
'* A remarkable writing of Sir P. Fran- bnough. The authorship is csertainly
ds was recovered by the late Mr. D. Giles, not proved by this resemUanoe, even if
to whose sister he had many years before it were admitted, to prove that Sir P.
sent a copy of verses with a letter written Francis had been empfojred to copy the
in a feigned hand. Upon comparing letters ; but the importance of the hdt as
this fiction with the fac-simUes produc- a circumstance in the chain of evidence is
ed by Woodfall of Junius*s hand, the undeniable.''
two were found to tally accurately
It appears that Sir P. Francis always took great interest in the work,
and that sufficient reasons are not wanting to show why he should oonoeal
or even deny bis authorship. He always considered his own writings as
superior to the far-famed Letters. Upon the whole view of the question.
Lord Brougham says —
" It is equally true that these answers If he had felt tbe imputation of the
(denials) are not inconsistent with the authorship to be so ffrievooi a charge
supposition of his having had a knowledge against him, he has foU right to plead tbe
of the secret, and even been engaged in integrity and honour of lit whole life in
the copying of the letters, without being vindication from the main accosatioD ;
their author ; and it must be added that while his only being privy to tlie secret
the same supposition tallies also with the would imply no crimiiudity at all, and his
greater part, if not the whole, of the cir- having had a merely mecfaanlod share in
cumstances above detailed. In thit beli^ the publication might be acooonted for by
t7 t>, upon the whole ^ perhaps, both most private authority, or by official or personal
reasonable and most charitable to rest, relationship.*'
In his account of Home Tooke, Lord Brougham for a moment recon to
the same subject, and we meet with his opinion of the writer whose idcn*
tity has hitherto baffled the sagacity of the most acute and most indostrioos
inquirers. He says, —
" The last greatest effort which the which the name of Maaifield was reeol-
shallowt violent, and unprincipled writer lected by Sir P. Frauds, salted cioood
made was against the illustrious judge, ingly with the hypothesis of hia i^^Qty
and it was attended with a signal discomfi- with Junius ; and Home Tooke'a hMnd
ture, sufficient to account for his ceasing to of Francis seems to be to h^wj a
write under a name then exposed to con- on his part of lonie
tempt for an arrogance which no resources anonymous writer*"
sustained. Hence, the bitterness with
1 840.] Lord Brougham* $ Hiotorkd SiHOoi n/ SMMmmu Hi
As we are now upon the subject of evidenooy we may add that Sir J.
Mackintosh came, after careful inquiries, to the con€lnsion» that, whoever
was the author of these Letters, he was connected with the Gremnlle party |
but we know also that the late Mr. Windham always suspected Gibbon to be
the author.* AVilkes threw his suspicions on Butler, Bishop of Hereford ;
and Dr. S. Parr was positive (according to his usual disposition) that Mr.
Lloyd was the man of the iron mask. ** I tell you,*' says he to a corres-
pondent, *' and tell you peremptorily^ that it was Mr. Lloyd, secretuy
to G. Grenvillcf '* The late Mr. Barker says-*'' that Georse the Third
told General D— s, when he was riding with him, that he knew the
author of Junius ; but Queen Charlotte informed her son, the Duke of
Sussex, that the King was ignorant of the author." To turn, however,
from a somewhat late as well as apparently fruitless search after evi-
dence, to the Letters themselves, we find Lord Brougham caUii^ the
writer '< lAailoto, vio^cyi/, and unprmeipM;** nor would it be difficulty
perhaps, to support the justice of these epithets ; but Juniu8*s Letters
have, in our eyes, dropt much of their party-colour, and are seldom read
with any great sympathy towards the transactions or persons whom they
\ituperate. They have become merely a portion of the literary historv of
the country ; and it is on that account that the interest concerning them
seems to be passing fast away* It will not, however^ be without advan*
tagc to give the sentiments of one or two judges of compomtion (now that
wc can look calmly on compositions that once appeared to be written in
letters of flame) regardinff these learned and elmnt libels ) for assuredly
they must possess a merit (powerful u they were; which the few vean tint
have succcMsded cannot have wholly blotted out. We shall make a few
extracts from works that lie before ua. ** The great art of Jnnhn (saya
Mr. Coleridge }) is never to say too much, and to avokl, with equd
anxiety, a common-pUce manner, and matter that is not oommon-plaoe*
If ever he deviates into any originality of thought, he takes care thai It
shall be such as excites surprise fmr its acuteness ratlier than admirattoa
for its profundity. He takes care ?— aay, rather, that Natare took cwa
for him. // i$ impossiiU to tktractfrom the merit oftkem LeUmto. Tkej
arc suited to their purpose, and perfect in their land ; they impel lie
action — not thought. Had they been profound or subtle in thooghlj er
msycstic and sweeping in composition^ they would have been adaiSed la
the closet of a Sidnev, or for a House of Lords svch as it was in toe tine
of Lord Bacon ; but they are plain and sensible, whenever the anther la fai
the right ; and, whether right or wrong, always shrewd and epignuamatie,
and fitted for the coffee-house, the bbby of the House of Commonai and ta
* Mr. (Single-gpeech) Hamilton ones coafesssd to an <"><—»* Ikiend^" that ha
cmdd have written better pepen than those of Janlof .** At another time, when a
particalar paaaage was impated to hia, hs flew Into a passkm, and protested that "If
he had written auch a paaaafe aa that* he afaonld have thoagfat \tM had Ibrieited aB
preteDtioai to good taste or oompoakion for ever." See Bd. Re?. Oet ItW, p. 16S*
t See Bfbliothcca Parriana, p. 407 .— " The writer of Jaaias was Mr. Uofd» saars-
tary to G. GreuTiUe, and bromr of PUHp Uoyd, Dean of Norwich. TUa wm oae day
or other be generally acknowledged." it moat, however, be reccdleeled tiwt Jaaiw
wrote a letter to WoodfaU on the 19th July, and tkmi Mr. XlofiT dki om tk§ 9SU ^
ik€ satm§ tmmtk / Farther, ia hia 10th letter Jmthu Utehimt dU kntmhi§t ^ Jljr.
Grtmvilk! It is aaid that Dr. B. Fanner tnt rfiisiifrsrf lioyd, sad that wtthontsay
communication between the partiea. The same ooii\isctars wss nada by ths v«iy
learned Dr. Nathaniel Foratar, of Cokhastw.
X See Literary Ronsiasi ToL iL p. 848.
236 Lord Brougham's Historical Sketches of Statesmen. [Marcli»
be read aloud at a public meeting. When connected, dropping the form
of connection, desultory without abruptness or appearance of disconnec-
tion, epigrammatic and antithetical to excess, sententious and personal,
regardless o/ right or xvrong f yet well skilled to act the part of an ho-
nest warm-hearted man 3 and even when he is in the right, saying the
truth, but never proving it, much less attempting to bottom it. This is
the character of Junius, and on this character, and in the mould of these
writings, must every man cast himself who would wish, in factions times,
to be the important and long-remembered agent of a faction," &c.*
Of his " Graudis Epistola/* the letter to the King, Mr. Coleridge thns
gives his judgment : " This address to the King is almost faultless in
composition, and has been evidently tormented with the file. But it has
fewer beauties than any other long letter of Junius, and it is utterly un-
dramatic. There is nothing in the style, the transitions, or the senti-
ments, which represents the passions of a man emboldening himself to
address his sovereign personally. Like a Presbyterian prayer, you may
substitute almost everywhere the third for the second person without in-
jury. The newspaper, his closet, and his own person, were alone
present to the author's intention and imagination. This makes the com-
position vapid. It possesses an Isocratic correctness, when it should have
had the force and drama of an oration of Demosthenes. From this, how-
ever, the paragraph beginning with the words, ' as to the Scotcli,* and
also the two last paragraphs, must be honourably excepted. They are,
perhaps, tlie finest passages in the whole collection." We pass on from
the above examination of the merits of Junius, which appears to us correct
and convincing, to the sentiments of' one on whose critical decision we
ought to rely with confidence, as he is esteemed to be one of the great
masters of composition himself. ''His words (says Mr. S* Landor)
are always elegant, his sentences sonorous, his attacks vigorous, and
rarely misplaced. Still those only can be called great writers who bring
to bear on their subject more than a few high faculties of the mind. 1
require accuracy of perception, variety of mood, of manners, of cadence,
imagination, reflection, force, sweetness, copiousness, depth, perspicuity,
a princely negligence of little things, and the proof that, although he has
seized much, he hath also left much unappropriated. Let me see
nothing too trim, nothing too irrecondite. Equal solicitude is not
to be exerted on ail ideas alike : some are brought into the follness
of light, some are adumbrated. Then come those graces and allure-
ments, for which we have few and homely names, but which among
the ancients had many, and expressive of delight and divinity— Illecebrae
— Veneres : these, like the figures that hold the lamps on staircases, both
invite us, and shew us the way up," &c.t An eloquent but anonymous
writer J has attributed effects to these dark and envenomed shafts, wrhich
pierced even to the regal chambers, too afflicting and awful, we trust, to be
true. He says : " The sharp and j>oisoued razor of Junius had cut to the
heart, and touched all that was sacred with a most unhallowed edge. Its
mangling and scornful wounds had exposed, to the hatred and ridicule of the
* This passage is followed by a critical analysis of Junius's Letters, written with
Mr. Coleridge's acuteness, knowledge, and taste. He remarks that all Jonioi's lonf
sentences are inelegant.
t See Landor's Imaginary Conversations, toI. ii. p. 161.
t See Quarterly Review, No. LXXXIV. .p. 308.
1 840.] Lord Broughams Historical Sketches of Statesmen. 237
public, a Majesty which deserve J the most opposite treatment ; and no
doubt inspired into the bosom of a venerable and most conscientious
Sovereign f anxieties , sorrows, and disgusts, which contributed to so many long
r/ears of inexpressible misery.'*
To Home Tooke the author of these portraits has done justice, both by
the accuracy of his delineation in particular parts, and by his impartisd
and copious survey of the whole character of his mind, as a politician
and philosopher. Lord Brougham speaks with just admiration of the
''grandeur of the leading idea " of his philosophy in grammar; though
when he calls him a ** master of the old Saxon — the root of our noble
language/' he gives him credit for a depth of erudition which would not
be allowed for a moment among the far more learned Saxonists of the
])rcsentday ; compared to whose profound investigations and more copious
stores of information, the acquirements of the author of the Diversions
would be reckoned scanty, if not superficial. The praise, too, which still
must justly be bestowed on him, must be confined to his philological
inquiries, and not extend to those philosophical inferences which have
justly drawn on him the animadversions of Stewart and other philosophers,
whose territory he not only endeavoured to invade, but to destroy j
or rather he wished to prove, that they had been living altogether in
cioud'luud, when they fancied themselves extending their researches on
terra- ftrma. As he wished to prove the word Metaphysic to be nonsense,
wo may well conceive in what estimation Metaphysicians would be held by
him. •* Home Tooke's style," says Sir J. Mackintosh, ** is certainly excel-
lent ; it has a terse and poignant simplicity which places him, if not
the hrst, at least very near the first among our unornamented writers. He
is as clear as Swift, without being ever either so slovenly or dry. His
phiiiuicss by no means excludes elegance ; on the contrary, it has a cer-
tain correct and conscientious air, which gives a most undeserved authority
ti> his invectives. As to praise, he confines it to a few of his own syco-
))hants ) he praises nobody that deserves it, except rogues. His invec-
tives against his age, country, and his literary contemporaries, are un«
worthy of a wise or good man. His temper is soured, and his character
corrupted bff philology and disap]>ointed ambition. With an admirable
simplicity of style, his book shews no simplicity of character 3 he is fall
of petty tricks to entangle and surprise his reader \ he prepares for every
statcme?)t by exciting wonder. He never makes it plainly, but always
triumphs over the bUndness of the whole human race, who left him the dis-
i oveiy ; he scarcely ever tells every thing, but leaves curiosity unsatedj
and gives mysterious hints of what he is to do in future. All this seems to
mc more worthy of a quack or an hierophant, than a philosopher."* AVhen
\Am\ Brougham sjKaks of the discoveries which Tooke made in the science
of grammar, we must still not forget that his great and leading principle
had been seen and acknowledged by others.f The Count de (lebelin, iu
the first volume of his Monde Primitif, mentions and proves by many
examples, that the |>articles, i. e. the indeclinable parts of si)eech, conjunc-
tions, prepositions, &c. are derived from other words, verbs or nouns, of
whicli they are merely abbreviations ; that these particles, therefore,
which the ancient grammarians, and after them Harris and Ix>cke, sup-
• Sec Mcmoirj* of Sir J. Mackintosh, vol. ii. p. 'i.i7.
f "All that is true in H. Tooke's book is taken from Lennekt who never pretended
to make a system of it. Tooke's abase Qf HarrU ii moit shtilow and unfiurt'' Vt
Coleridge's Table T«lk, vol. i. p. lit).
238 Lord BroughanCs Historical Sketches of Statesmen. [March,
posed not to have any signification, except when taken in combination with
other words, have all essentially and intrinsically a meaning in themselves $
and that by a careful investigation in primitive languages* we may dis-
cover what that meaning is. See what he says of the conjunctions, p. 344,
seq. and of the prepositions, p. 304, et seq.* After making a willing ac-
knowledgment of Mr. Tooke s great merits in giving to the principles of
grammar a broader and more philosophical basis than it had before^ we
must not be so partial as not to observe, that his fondness for favourite
hypotheses often induced him to extend his conclusions beyond the line of
truth and fact -, and that his acquisition in the structure of the Saxon
was not so accurate and full as to prevent him falling into considerable
errors on important points. We should do wrong to our readers did we not
presentthem,onthis subject, with the opinions of one who gives ample proofs
in his criticism of the copious sources from which it springs. Speaking of
words, as, " ellcs," " algates," " whiles," which like *' once,*' *' twice,'*
'* thrice," &c. have taken the form of the genitive absolute^ he observes :
** This law of the Anglo-Saxon language, and in fact of every scion from
the great Teutonic stock, has been wholly overlooked by Mr, Tooke. Nor
is it mentioned here with a view to disparage the great and important
services of this distinguished scholar, but as a collateral proof, if such be
wanting, of his veracity in declaring that all his conclusions were the result
of reasoning ^ priori^ and that they were formed lon^ before he could read
a line of Gothic or Anglo-Saxon. To those who will be at the trouble of
examining Mr. Tooke's theory, and his own peculiar illustration of it, it
will soon be evident that, though no objection can be offered to his general
results, yet his details, more especially those contained in his first volunUf
may he contested nearly as often as they are admitted. The cause of this
will be found in what Mr. Tooke himself has related of the manner in
which those results have been obtained, combined with another circum-
stance which he did not think it of importance to communicate, but
which, as he certainly did not feel its consequences, he could have no im-
proper motive for concealing. The simple truth is, that Mr. Tooke, with
whom, like every man of an active mind, idleness — in his case, perhaps, the
idleness of a busy political life — ranked as an enjoyment, only investigated
his system at its two extremes — the root and the summit-^thc Anglo-
Saxon and English — from the I3tli century downwards ; and having satis-
fied himself, on a review of its condition in those two stages, that his pre*
vious convictions were on the whole correct, he abandoned all further ex^
amination of the subject.f The former, I should feel disposed to believe, he
chiefly studied in Lye's I Vocabulary : of the latter he had certainly ample
experience. But in passing over the intervening space, and we might say
for want of a due knowledge of those numerous laws which govern the
Anglo-Saxon grammar, (and no language can be familiar to us without a
similar knowledge,) a variety of the fainter lines and minor features, all
contributing to give both force and expression to our language, entirely
* The criticisms on the Diversions of Parley, written by Cassander, and which hmT*
been attributed to Mr. Windham, was written by Mr. Bruchuer, of Norwich, a pupil
of Valcknaer.
t See some mistakes of Tooke's pointed out in a very able and philosophical review
of Pritchard on the Celtic Languages, in Quarterly Review, No. CXIII. p. 80,
Art. IV.
t Lye's Diet. Saxonicum sold at the sale of !!• Tooke*s Library for 34As his oopy
of Johnsoa'i Dictionary for 200/.
1 840.] Lord Bfougham^s Historical Sketches of Statesmen, 239
escaped bim, and hence the facilities with which his system has been
made the subject of attack -, though in fact, it is not the system which has
been vulnerable, but Mr. Tooke's occasionally loose application of it.** *
Living, as Mr. Tooke did, always as it were in the eye of the world j giving
as much of his leisure to the hustings and the King*s Bench as to his own
houie y mixing in almost every rank of society^ and in all he was found to
shine ; carrying his literature into politics, and then throwing back his
politics into his literary disquisitions ; too restless to remain in repose,
too ambitious to be content with the approbation of the few^ and too eager
for fame to wait for its slow but certain progress ; rejoicing in the turba-
leuce of faction, as the raven is said to delight in a conflict with the storm ;
idolized by some, and dreaded and avoided by others ; presenting the
somewhat singular phenomenon of a philosophical grammarian tried and
imprisoned for treason, and of a clergyman taking his seat in Parliament
and haranguing in the Senate ; surrounded by a mental and moral at-
mosphere of a most peculiar kind , accompanied, whenever he discoarsed,
by flying squadrons of the most startling paradoxes, which kept all
the avenues to his real sentiments unapproachable -, vigorous in under*
standing, choice and select in literary attainments -, full of anecdote and
wit J alike capable of wounding his adversary with the finest edge of the
most delicate irony, or crushing him under the fearful storm of the bitterest
sarcasm and contempt, or just touching him as he passed with the cruel
caustic of a sneer, the ^ap^ovios yeXuts that made the blood run cold and
the tongue cleave to the mouth : of such a man it is not to be won-
dered at, that the personal accounts, anecdotes, and histories, which
the general curiosity has called forth, are so numerous, as to leave scarcely
a portion of his character in the shade. " Home Tooke (says Coleridge)
left upon mc the impression of being a keen iron man.*' There is, how-
ever, one account of this extraordinary person, f surpassing all others,
wc think, in compass and correctness of observation, cleverness
of portraiture, soundness of reasoning and inference, and elegance of
language, which has been ascribed, we suppose justly, to the late Lord
Dudley, at whose house, in his later days, we believe Tooke to have been
more than once a guest ) and thus we bid farewell to one, in whose tur«
])ul(Mit bosom the very soul of old Scioppius seems to have transmigrated:**
" Homo, ut notissimum est, ingenii maligni, et oris maledicentissimi, qui
propter prsestantissimoram et de re literari£k optime meritorum viromm in-
vidias ac ingeniosas calumniationes merito CANIS grammaticus appel-
latur." J
C\)uld wc go through these volumes with the patient fideUty of the com-
mentator, we should find many subjects discnssed, and many characters
|H>urt rayed, to which a note might advantageously be joined, that the in-
formation given might be more perfect or more correct ; and in the first place
we should loudly remonstrate against a considerable portion of the memoir
of (irorge the Ihird, and, indeed, against the spirit in which the whole is
(■on)iH)se(l. Read the following paragraph : —
" The instant that his prerogative was pride, the most bitter animosity, the most
roncerncd, or hii bigotry interfered with, calculating coldness of heart, the most
or \\\n will thwarted, the most unbending unforgiving resentment, took possession
* See note of Warton's Engl. Poetry, f ol. ii. p. 49S, ed. 8to.
t See Quarterly Review, No. XIV.
I See lAmbccii Prodrom* Uiitor. Lib. 1.
240 Lord Brougham's Hittorical Sketches of Statesmen. [Mardi,
of his whole breast and swayed it by turns, ning which mental alienation u siippoied
The habits of friendshipyi' the ties of blood, to whet, were ready to circamyent or de-
the dictates of conscience, the rules of stroy all who interposed an obstacle to
honesty, were alike forgotten ; and the fury the fierceness of unbridled desire."
of the tyrant, with the resources of a cun-
Are we contemplating one of the dark portraits of Tacitus, or listening
to a highly-coloured invective of Juvenal ? Can this " instautis vnltos
tyranni" be the portrait of an English King ? Are we to transfer to onr
own annals, and those too of the present day, the picture that was draim
for a distant and different time ? ** Non enim Tiberium, quanqnau
triennio post caedem Sejani, qusc vcteres mollire solent, tempus, pieces,
satias mitigabant, quin incerta vel abolita pro gravissimis ac recentissimis
puniret ?" If any thing could redeem this paragraph, which to our ears
reads more like the angry invective of a sophist's declamation than the
calm judgment of a philosophic statesman, it would be the excellent olriec-
tions at p. 13, regarding the royal prerogative and the influence of the
sovereign in the administration of public affairs.
P. 44. Among the many accomplishments of the great liOrd Chatham,
Lord Brougham has mentioned, " That he took peculiar pleasure in garden-
ing, and had even an extremely happy taste in laying out grounds." To
this we add, that there still remains a villa in Enfield Chase, the grounds
of which were disposed by Lord Chatham, and which, if found to be suffi-
ciently preserved in their original form, it is intended to view with the object
of making his taste known. Lord Brougham mentions that many of Jjord
Chatham's speeches in the House of Commons, as now preserved, were
assuredly the composition of Dr. Johnson,t " whose measured style, formal
periods, laboured antitheses, and total want of pure racy English, betray
their author at every line, while each debater is made to speak exactly in
the same manner." This is true, as Johnson declared that the only part of
his writings that gave him any compunction was his account of the de-
bates J but at the time he wrote them he did not think he was imposing
on the world. The mode, he said, was to fix upon a speaker's name, then
to make an argument for him, and conjure up an answer. Mr. Archdeacon
Coxe tells us, " The tnith is, that Johnson constantly received notes and
heads of speeches from persons employed by Cave, and particularly from
Guthrie. The Bishop of Salisbury, Douglas, recollects to have seen
several of these notes, which Guthrie communicated to him on the very day
when he obtained them, which were regularly transmitted to Johnson, and
formed the basis of his orations." (8ee Life of Sir R. Walpole, vol. i.
p. xxii.)
At p. 43, and again at p. 182, are ver}' just and critical comparisons
drawn between the style of the eloquence of Demosthenes and that of Fox
and Chatham, and the great distinction clearly shewn.
At p. 140 Lord Brougham says, ** The signal blunder which Bacon long
♦ •' The habits of friendship !" Was the writer thinking of those,
*' In quorum facie, miserse mag:n8eque sedebat
Pallor amicitite.'*
t Every one recollects the passage in the translation of the tenth gatire of Joveikal»
speaking of the Queen of Hungary,
The Queen, the beauty sets the world in arms.
Compare Debates (on the Address, 1741) ** Did it not appear too jnvenile and ro-
mantic, I might add that her personal excellencies [the Queen's] are such as might Cill
armies to her assistance from the remotest comers of the earth,'' &c« toL i. p. 4f5*
2
1 840.] Lard Brougkam'i HUiarical Skdchei of Statamen, 241
ago exposed of confounding the yoath with the age of the species^ was
never committed by any one more glaringly than by this great reasoner,
(Sir ^^^ Grant). He it was who first employed the well-known phrase of
the * wisdom of our ancestors.' " We shall scarcely stop to obsen^e that
this word " blunder " is not exactly that which we should have chosen to
express what is here supposed to be an erroneous view of the subject ; but
we will borrow a far abler pen than ours, as the point is not without interest.
" Pascal," says Mr. Hallam, '' has the same idea as Bacon, that the
ancients were properly the children among mankind. Not only each maQ»
he says, advances daily in science, but all men collectively make a con*
stant progress, so that all generations of mankind, during so many ages,
may be considered as one mauj always subsisting and always learning ; and
the old age of this universal man is not to be sought in the period next his
birth, but in that which is most removed from it. Those wc call ancients
were truly novices in all things ; and we, who have added to all they knew
the experience of so many succeeding ages, have a better claim to that
antiquity which we revere in them. In this, with much ingenuity and
much truth, there is a certain mixture of fallacy, which I will not ventore
to point out.*' * On this point, so broadly and unequivocally stated by Pascal
as well as Bacon, we may remark, firstly, " That it does not appear by
experience that all men collectively make a constant progress -,** but that
they are often, from the action of certain causes, seen to retrograde, and
oven lose all traces of their former progress. Secondly, That we modems
have not ^' added to all they knew the experience of so manv succeeding
ages," since much that has been known is lost : pages and chapters have
been torn out of the history of man ; and even books have been written on
the " IxMt Arts."t Thirdly, when it is said, "That men are always
learning," it must also be observed, that the great master rules of wisdom,
the leading principles of knowledge, the most important deductions of
reasoning, and the firmest conclusions of experience, appear to have been
formed in early stages of society. Fourthly, The. genius of man is not
transmissible ; and thus, those arts which depended for their perfection on
the genius of individuals, and which appeared in such early splendour, hare
declined, and even some of their principles are now unknown. Lutly,
from some law of nature, from some cause perhaps undiscemible by ns, the
greatest and most gigantic intellects, the most powerful and fertile miods,
the most inventive, creative, in fact the highest genins, seem to arise in
full effulgence in the very dawn of national existence and civilization. We
may s|)eak cither separately of the history of particular states, or more
generally of the larger and more comprehensive annals of the world. On
this account we first feel and acknowledge our present inferiority, and
consequently regard the ancients with the deference due to superior minds.
In all countries the most eminent persons have appeared among the earliest ;
the most valuable and renowned works, the masterpieces of wisdom, that
have approached nearest to the highest perfection known, bear the stamp of
antiquity. We speak of the " wisdom of the ancients," we " look with
'* S«e IlaUam*! Intrud. to Literature, vol. iv. p. 242.
t Ad ingenioiu writer has clasHcd *' Architecture, aacred mniic, sculpture, hiitorieal
painting, and epic and dramatic poetry, among the Loit Arit ;** to which, he says, will
soon be added the art of govemmrnt ; to which ire should add acting, and dancing in its
highest symbolic signification. Sec Guesses at Truth, p. %*3. ** We have no adequate
conception (says Mr. Coleridge) of the perfection of the aneieni tragic dance,** V.
Table Talk, i. 52.
Gent. Mao. Vol, XIII. 2 I
242 Lord Broughams Historical SketcJieS of Statesmen. [March,
reverence towards antiquity/* and we feel that its productions have a vigour^
a freshness, and a power, which seem to symbolize with the original
fertility of the material world. We listen to the sacred oracles of su-
perior wisdom which appear intuitive. From the monuments of the dif-
ferent arts which survive for us to admire or to imitate^ we presume that
the inventors of them had sounded all the depths of scientific inquiry^ had
ascertained the existence and examined the truth of the remotest princi-
ples, had conducted their investigations by the most delicate and perfect
analogies, had combined them by the most original views -, and thus suc-
cessfully perfecteS their almost divine creations, to the excellence of which
all late eflforts have failed to reach. It is for these reasons that we do not
reckon the ancients to be *' the children," but the venerable and revered
preceptors of mankind, the masters and lords of the realm of thought. By
denying them the title of ancients, neither Bacon nor Pascal could refuse
their claim to the highest excellence and perfection to which the genius of
man has ever attained. The rest is merely a verbal ambiguity not worth
disputing, seeing that the feeling itself is founded not on blind authority,
but on reasonable conviction. *^ We must not," says M. Aurelius, '* adopt the
opinion of our fathers, like children, only because they were held by our
fathers."*
At p. 178, Lord Brougham calls Mr. Fox "the mosit accomplished
debater that ever appeared." Now this word, we presume, was not chosen
by the writer without his conviction that it expressed with peculiar pro-
priety the character, and perhaps the measure, of Mr. Fox's eloquence. It
was the very word which Burke had previously used on the same subject.
He mentioned " Mr. Fox as one who, by slow degrees, had become the most
brilliant and accomplished debater he had ever seen." On this Dr. Samuel
Parr observes, *' He spoke not, and he must have been conscious of not
speaking, the whole truth. . . . He must have known that the epithets * roost
brilliant and accomplished, ' did not make the term ' debater * co-extensive
with the aggregate of Mr. Fox's merits as a public speaker. He must
have known that a Dunning, a Tliurlow, and a North might, with consum-
mate propriety, have been described as accomplished and most powerful
debaters. He must have known that he had himself seen in Mr. Sheridan
and Mr. Pitt debaters more brilliant, if not more accomplished, than Mr.
Fox ; according to the obvious and established signification of the words,
he must have known that by the slightest touch of his wand, the debater, in
the twinkling of an eye, might have been transformed into an orator,** &c.t
But we must now draw to a conclusion, not however, before we have
animadverted on the exceedingly bad taste of a passage in the life of Lord
Liverpool, on which the writer employs his satire against the Catos and
Columellas, the country squires and rural magistrates, the class of the
" Pannosus vacuis aedilis Ulubris/' who, he says, considered Mr. Canning's
poetical allusions as insults, and in whose mouth he places the following
speech: *' Well, well, but it was out of place, — we have nothing to do
with King Priam here, or with a heathen god such as iEolus : these kind of
folks are very well in Pope's Homer and Dryden's Virgil ; but, as I said
* See M. Aur. Anton, de Seips. lib. iv. c. 52.
t See Philopatris Varvicensis, p. 'iGO. The Doctor exhausts his vials of wrath on Mr.
Burke's head, through more than twenty pages of learned vituperation, for thisezprei-
sion ; and even then the Garagantua of grammariaQS leaves the field of slaughter growl-
ing and unappeased.
1 8 40.] Hemes Oak, Windsor Little Park. 243
to Sir Robert, who sat next me, ' What have I or you to do with them
matters ?' I like a good plain man of business, like young Mr. Jenkinson ;
a man of tlic })€n and the desk. Let me tell you Mr. Canning speaks too
much by half. Time is short, — there are only twenty-four hours in
the day, you know." This effusion approaches too near the *'dicacita8
scurrilis et scenica'* to be received with satisfaction, and the writer should
have recollected, " Male etiam dicitur quod in plures conveuit.*' There
arc a few expressions, and but few, in the language, that we should wish to
alter : among these would be (vol. i. p. 30) *' When the conversation roUed
upon lost works," for " turned.** P. 5 1 . " The Duke of Grafton. . . . any
one thing rather than the character painted by Junius." P. 1 02. ** The secret
had not been discovered o{ posting second-rate men 3** and at p. 23, Lord
Brougham hiis taken from poetry the word *' gratulate/' without much
bcneht from the trausplantation.
IIEBNb's oak, WINDSOR LITTLE PARK.
(mthaPlate.)
Mk. Urban, certain tree, ycleped Heme's Oak,
SOME observations by Mr. Jesse which had been recently cut down
having occurred in your number for and manufactured into snuff-boxes,
January 1839« on the identity of &c. as well as the pretensions of
Heme's Oak, in contradiction to a another tree still existing, more lately,
statement of the Quarterly Review; and perhaps more truly, called Heme's
and these having been commented Oak, though Gilpin thought it was too
upon by the editor of the " Pictorial young to be entitled to such honour.
ShaksptTc," I beg to present you with Since the appointment of Mr. Jesse
an accurate portrait of the tree so to the surveyorship of the royal parks
(knominatcd, and of its accompani- and palaces, this gentleman has ex
inents, as they appeared in 1822. officio, and, no doubt, con amove, be-
Since my sketch was painted, this come acquainted with each sire of
venerable tree has been protected from Windsor forest ; but he may not haTo
the wanton injury of curiosity-mongers had such ample opportunity for in-
by a fence ; but many of its larger vestigating the matter through the
branches have " toppled " to its base, testimony of old inhabitants of the
and it is now completely " bald with town as Mr. Knight has had.
dry anti(iuity. " The low ground " Non nostmm tantas componcrc
"hard by," which is "the pit" of lites;" for, notwithstanding all the
Sir Parson Kvans and his fairies, has arguments of either party, " adhac
been almost filled up with rubbish sub judice lis est." Their difference,
from the old castle, and would have however, seems to be less as to the
been altogether effaced but for that site, than as to the identity, of our
feeling against the unnecessary dc- subject. But, familiar as we are with
struction of any local illustration of this site, it would be difficult to make
ulden times which your Repertory ourselves intelligible without a ground-
has so long inculcated and so arduous- plan of the castlc-ditch, the pit, and
ly cherished. all those trees, both formerly, and yet.
In judging of the aforesaid con- standing near them. During the next
troversial inquiries, the reader should summer we will carefully review the
refer to the work of Mr. Charles locality, and impart to you any new
Knight, the ingenious editor alluded opinion we may form about it, aided
to, who is a native of Windsor, and by that of " every old woman in
therein passed the chief part of his Windsor" from whom we can gain
youth. He was probably, even in his authentic intelligence.
" boyish days, " intelligent enough In the mean time, having no better
to know tlie historical character of a evidence ihao tradition whereon to
244
kerne's Oak, PTmdsor titth Fork.
[Mitch,
found our present judgment, although
we confess that Mr. Knight's inform-
ation has somewhat modified it, we
must maintain with Mr. Jesse that
the isolated position (as shewn in our
plate) of this ancient oak in William
the Third's avenue of elms, strongly
indicates some reason for thus admit-
ting it into their company and protec-
tion ; and this reason was, probably,
the honour it had acquired, 1 50 years
ago, from the reputation of as long a
previous period, of being the identical
Heme's Oak of our immortal Bard :
" provided always " that ShAkespea^'s
local portraitures were not lach pic-
turesque compositions, got up of de-
tached bits, merely for poetical effect*
as those of too many pseudo-histo-
rical novelists and romancers of the
present day.
Trusting that in the course of his
" Disquisitions on the scenes of Shake-
speare " the Rev. Mr. Hunter, the most
acutely learned of our whole host of
Shakespearian commentators, will
more ably elucidate this subject,
I am, yours, &c. Plantaobnet.
KERNELS OAK.
Wherefore doth young Imagination boast
Creative powers ; if what is worshipp'd most^
Most lov'd, — she cannot rescue from decay,
And give to natural age a second day ?
Recall green Windsor's glades — the voice that spoke
In strains immortal of the '' HUNTER'S OAK -, "
And let her to this aged tree, which now
Stands like a skeleton with leafless bough,
(Spoil of a hundred winters j ) let her bring
Garlands, and deck its withered arms with Spring 3
And let the vernal lark above it sing.
Shoot forth, ye leaves, where bees in summer dwell -,
Ye breezes, of its ancient glories tell.
When on the turf were tiny footsteps seen.
And with her elvish brood the Fairy Queen
Danced in light morrice on the moonlight green.
Then there was mask and minstrelsy : — the light
Of hurrying tapers glittering thro* the night.
And hark ! what sudden peals of laughter shake ;
What vizards strange arc peeping from the brake !
Twas thus insulted Love, so says the song.
With witty mockery reveng'd its wrong,
Thus punish'd '^ sinful Phantasie," — the fire
Of lust, that's *' kindled by unchaste desire : "
Oh ! then the frolics of those days recall,
Laugh at the baffled Knight's unseemly fall ;
And let the "HUNTER'S OAK " revive agen.
Drawing a second youth from SHAKSPEARE'S Pen.
B^h^ll, Feb. 24.
J. M.
Mr. Tythr and the Siate Paper Office.
1840.]
Mr. Uhban,
IN the Quarterly Review for De-
cember 1839t the last published, there
are some remarks on Mr. Ty tier's
" (England under the Reigns of Edward
VI. and Mary, with the contemporary
History of Europe,illustrated in a series
of original letters never before printed,
with historical Introductions and bio-
graphical and critical Notes." In ob-
serving that Mr. Tytler had met with
some obstruction, officially, in continue
ing similar illustrations, lest the do-
cuments made public by him should
interfere with the volumes of State
Papers from time to time issued under
the authority of the Royal Commis-
sion, the writer makes the following
statement,
" To bring before the reader the gigan-
tic undertaking of Government, it need
only be mentioned that, although these
(Commissioners have already published five
or six volumes, each containing about
nine hundred pages, in illustration of the
reign of Henry VIII. not more than one
fourth or at most one third of the papers
relating to that one reign have been hi-
therto printed by them ; that the papers of
a later period increase so enormously in
numerical extent, that fifly volume* at
lea«t would be required to embrace, on
their plan, the annals of Elizabeth ; and
that the materials for history swell out in
such an enormous ratio throughout all
succeeding reigns that it is impossible to
nay where the labour of publication would
end." " Although the price of the
volumes has of late been lowered to a
guinea, we apprehend that we are not
far from the mark inaiiserting that a com-
plete set on the scale originally projected
would still cost some hundred pounds
sterling, and, let them cost what they
might, the work cannot certainly be
meant for the present age ; it is obviously
meant for posterity, and for a very re-
mote posterity too. No living man must
hope to see the State Papers even of Eli-
sabeth*s reign The work has
no luUe, nor was a sale ever to be ex-
)H>(!ted from it. It 'iHt as far as it goes, well
and eartfuitjf done. We have no fault to
find in ita execution ; but it is not a book
to be read — it is a book to be referred
to," &€.•
The Reviewer then goes on to de-
precate any obstruction Mr. Tytler
may have met with, — lauds his mo-
345
demising the spelling of the ancient
letters, — his criticism, — biographical
sketches, and protracted disquisitions
on historical points, " unbroken occa-
sionally throughout the space of
twenty pages ;"t in short, the exhibi-
tion of that sort of literary sauce
which a practised and intelligent wri-
ter can always employ to render the
driest and toughest morsels of original
and obsolete writings palatable to the
modern taste.
While there is some truth, there is
also much that may be disputed in the
assertions of the Quarterly Review.
It is a fact honourable to our national
character, and demonstrative of the
respect in which we hold our public
institutions, that from the beginning
of the 18th century, when the Fceden
of Rymer was compiled, down to the
present day, attention has been paid
from time to time to our public re-
cords, and to all authentic documents
illustrating our history. I do not say
that some jobbing has not contaminated
occasionally the progress of printing
these muniments; in consequence of
which, various instruments have been
published at length which it would
have been quite sufficient to describe
in the abstract, and others have been
published a second time which had al«
ready been printed ; and thus at the ex-
pense of the public purse in transcripts,
paper and print, many tons of waste
paper have been made occasionally for
the service of the butter- shops ; Imt
these are circumstances inseparable,
perhaps, from any general national plan
of historical illustration by records,
and they by no means apply to the
publications of the State Paper Office.
The papers there preserved, which have
been printed, of the time of Henry VIII.
arc of the most valuable kind as his-
torical materials, and tliey will ever,
as far as they have gone, form co-
pious appendices to the annals of
that period, available by the critical
if not by the general reader. I readily
at the same time admit that the
continuing such plan of publication
in detail, and hermetically sealing the
State Paper Office in the meanwhile
as a public depository, would be an
intolerable evil to the generations who
* doarteriy Review, No. cxiix. p. 75.
t Ibid. p. 76.
246
State Papers. ''^Lord Burghley.
[Mait^,
must patiently await the result of the
lingeringoperation — slow almost as the
forming of islands in the ocean by the
exuviae of marine animalculse. Yet
while I say thus much, it by no means
follows that it would be a right course
to allow every literary man, either for
a temporary purpose, or in illustration
of his own peculiar views of historical
passages, to select and garble and
modernize original documents, which,
while shut up in an inaccessible depo-
sitory, would be obliged to wear any
face or colour the writer and tran-
scriber, if such he could be called,
might choose to put upon them. I
have no invidious motive in asserting,
although I will pledge myself to the
fact, that the publications which have
of late attracted attention, and been
lauded in reviews as illustrations of
our history, because Messieurs the
Reviewers had no means of testing
their authenticity by comparison with
the originals, are most deplorably
incorrect in the mere mechanical tran-
scription of documents ; which, from
being written in an antiquated court-
hand, the cursive character of the
time, are difficult to be read. Some
of the perversions of meaning by false
readings have indeed been shewn to
be perfectly ridiculous, and a long ca-
talogue of gross errata might readily
be formed. The commentator on Mr.
Tytler's Historical Illustrations in the
Edinburgh Review, observes that the
author
" has aimed at making his book popular
by modernizing the orthography of its do-
cuments. With a view to his object, it
was probably right to do so, but the prac-
tice is dangerous and objectionable. It
destroys identity, takes away one evidence
as to the education and character of the
writer, fosters ignorance of the progressive
changes in the orthography and pronun-
ciation of our language, and increases the
liabiUty to errors in transcription and
printing.**
The Reviewer then goes on to cite
various errors of transcription, of which
I select a few : for " set me to flee,"
read " determyn to flee ;" for " them
who I served," read "them with whom
I served ; " for "Justus adjutorius mens
Dominus qui salvos facit rectos corde,"
read, "Justum adjutorium meum a
Domino qui salvos facit rectos corde ;"
for " they came to view," read *^ they
came to mass ; " for " I marvel that
Tongres hath not the like," read " I
marvel that Thames hath not the like ;"
between the silver Thames and Tongres
near Liege, there is little geographical
connexion ; for " continuance of men,"
read, " continence of men," &c.
On Mr. Ty tier's work, I shall only
further remark, that his forte appears
to be historic doubts, and his attempt
to prove that Cecil Lord Bnrghley
was a good conforming papist, has
given rise indeed to an historic doubt,
which, we presume the authority of
all history, detailing the share that
sensible, pious, indefatigable, and loyal
statesman had in the glorious Re-
formation, will readily decide against
Mr. Tytler. Burghley was no Romish
devotee, and no Puritan ; he was a
sincere and most efficient member of
the Reformed Catholic Church, as
gradually restored on Apostolic prin-
ciples in the reigns of Edward VL and
Elizabeth.*
To advert in the next place to the
criticism on a subject, which, as I
have said, very few even of the most
* Mr. Tytler founds his assertion that Cecil was a Romanist upon a document dis-
covered by that acute and excellent critic in the minutiae of the history of the 16th
century, the late Mr. Lemon, Deputy Keeper of State Papers ; being a note book
which contains a memorandum of the persons dwelling in the parish of Wimble-
don in \boiy, " who confessed and received the sacrament of the altar,*' at Easter in
that year. The note was made by Cecil as lai/ impropriator of the living of Wimble-
don. Among the communicants was Cecil, his lady, and his son Thomas Cecil. On
this ground Mr. Tytler would have us jump to the conclusion, that Cecil and his
family were Romanists ; because, forsooth, they did not preclude themselves at that
great christian festival from so much of the consecrated elements, as the canons of the
Church of Rome would allow them to partake of, as laymen. Surely this was no
ground for considering them to adhere strictly to all the anti-scriptural doctrines and
traditions which had been engrafted on Christianity, by the priesthood in the dark ages.
Mr. Tytler*s next step should be to make Queen Elizabeth a papist, and he will find no
want of evidence quite as conclusive as in the matter referring to Cecil* ISee Tjtlcr's
£dw. VL and Mary, ^c* vol. ii* p. 443.
1840.]
Proposed Measures at State Paper Office,
247
erudite are competent to discuss,
merely from being unpractised in the
character and abbreviations of ancient
writings, — certain of the historical
illustrators, getting access to some of
the leading periodicals, actually I know
" review t^ieir cf*mpetitors/* and most
unmercifully exercise the lash on their
erring brother when they find him at
fault, proceeding themselves perhaps
the very next month, in some " Histo-
rical Illustrations" brought into the
market purporting to be materials for
rectifying national history, to circulate
a set of blunders more egregious than
those which they had so recently cen-
sured !
Original documents are indeed the
verification of history ; the most
authentic illustration that can be given
of the springs and sources of actions
and events. But what remedy has
the lover of truth if these arc disturbed
and muddied, and obscured and turned
into new channels at the caprice of
any individual editor ?
What is the check for this very
serious evil ? — What shall at once make
the documents in the State Paper
Othce available on a liberal principle
to the literary world, and yet afford
a corrective for the inaccuracy of
scribes, of book-makers, and garb-
lers ? Simply to print well-con-
Ktructed Catalogues, or as I believe
they are technically termed, Kalen-
dars of the general contents of the
State Paper Office, fused as far
as possible into one comprehcn-
RJve view. I do not know tliat
any facility is gained by clau\fica-
Hon : because it will frequently occur
that several matters of an histori-
cal nature are mentioned in the
same document, which might be
variously referred to three or four
heads. 1 have never had anv
great respect for classed Catalogues of
libraries, having ever found it much
mor(> easy to consult an index of re-
feri'uce, the principle of which was al-
phabetical, like the (*atalogue of the
Printed Books in the British Museum.
I do not profesH to be conversant with
the measures of the Commissioners
for publishing State Papers, but ru-
mours arc aHoat that the plan of pub-
lishing documents rerbatim et literatim
is to be abandoned ; it is conjectured
for the sake of laying before the public
the historical contents of the State
Paper Office in the abstract.
If such abstracts be skilful I v com-
piled, neither so laconic as to shut
out the heads of information which
each paper may contain, nor so lengthy
as to draw off the eye from compre-
hending at a glance the gist of the ma-
nuscript, good service will be done, we
are persuaded, to the literary world in
general, the historical student in par-
ticular. The Catalogues or Kalendars
of the State Paper Office will find a
place in every library of importance :
the simple reference to them for some
facts and purposes will be sufficient;
just as an abbreviated view of the coo-
tents of Rymer's Fcedera, afforded by
the Acta Regia, is often found to satisfy
the object of inquiry. When docu-
ments are desired at length, access to
them might be granted with any due
restrictions, or office copies fur-
nished to applicants under certain re-
gulations.
Her Majesty's State Paper Office
would thus become, I am persuaded,
a most admirable and efficient auxi-
liary to the acquirement of historical,
biographical, local, and technical in-
formation, and the character of ita
collections be found at once peculiar,
and of their kind unrivalled
Yours, &c. Chartularius.
Mr. Urban,
I THANK you for directing my at-
tention to the passages in Mr. Wake's
Southwold Guide which profess to re-
fute an accusation against that boroiigh
contained in the review which I fur-
nished you of the History of Boroughs,
by Merewether and Stephens. Mr.
Wake states, that, in that review, I
represented the corporation of South-
wold as *' notoriofulif litigious!"
and at least five pages of Mr. Wake's
incomparable work are devoted to the
contradiction of that alleged charge,
and the reprehension of your very
ignorant and uncharitable reviewer.
I feel extremely obliged to Mr. Wake
for the honour he has done me in no-
ticing my humble labours after this
fashion, esfieciaily as 1 find, on turn-
ing over the leaves of his book,— I
need not say I have not read it, — that
I share this sort of attention with
] 8 10.] The Hisioriant Bignon and Art9wL—CL Coiuader.
3i9
ON MR. HALLAM S LITBBABT HISTORY,
THE COUNCIL OF TRENT, &C.
{Continued from p. 151 .)
ON the restoration of the national wor-
ship by Buonaparte, under the Con-
sulate and Empire, all articles of faith
determined by the Council of Trent
were adopted as an indispensable basis;
while the stipulations of discipline as-
sumed for a precedent those establish*
ed by the Concordat of 1517f between
Francis the First and Leo the Tenth.
So it will be seen in Bignon's Histoire
de France, 1829 — ]838,and in Artaud's
Histoire de Pie VII. The former was
the solicited annalist of Napoleon, as
Clarendon* was of Charles the First :
" Je Tengage k 4cr\n I'histoire de la
diplomatie Fran9aisedel792 k 1815,"
is the testamentary request of the dying
ex -emperor, adopted authoritatively by
M. Bignon for his epigraph, andsuffi*
ciently anticipative of his excessive
partiality in the execution of his com*
mission ; but this prejudice became
quite unruly on all controvertible
questions with England, Bernadotte,
and the Pope. Even in his last vo-
lume, after an interval of nearly ten
years, these feelings continue unim-
paired ; as a reference to pages 322,
&c. of tome X. will shew. He, on the
other hand, arraigns M. Artaod of
undue bias towards the Pope, then
(1811) a captive at Savona. This
gentleman had long resided at Rome
as secretary of legation, on which M.
Bignon relates an observation of Tkl-
leyrand, under whom he (M. Bignon)
had first entered his diplomatic career,
" that foreign agents at Rome always
imbibed a deep affection for the Holy
See, while those employed at Vienna
were sore to retom home with a vfpe
aniipatkie pomr rAuiricke, " (tome X.
259.) Taileyrand, whose family, I
may passingly remark, is strippwi of
its antique splendour by the acrimo-
nious and sagacious St. Simon, (tome
111. p. 217)# who accuses them of as-
suming an usurped title,t was surely
no incompetent authority on such
matters; and certainly will not be
charged with partial leaning towards
the papal court.
Notwithstanding the essential defect
which I have indicated, M. Bignon's
work may be most usefully consulted ;
for it contains facts and documents
not to be found elsewhere ; such as
the secret articles of the treaties of
Tilsit and Erfurth, and other mytte-
ries of diplomacy, which his owb
position at Berlin, Warsaw, &c. and
the unreserved communications of the
archives of the Foreign Office, even
under the restoration, by M. de la
Ferronays, revealed to him. It would
well deserve, and I am surprised haa
not yet obtained a translator. The
promovent causes of the fatal expe-
dition against Russia in 1812, are
minutely and interestingly related ia
vol. X.
As for Mr. Hallam's assertion*
" that the Emperor Ferdinand, even
after the close of the Ckrandl, referred
the chief points in controversy to
George Casiumder, a (aerman theolo-
gian," I may transiently remark, that
Cassander was Flemish, not German,
hy birth and residence, and that tlia
Emperor ouVf survived the close of the
Council by six months (from Decem-
ber 1563,'to July 1564,) and iu rad-
fication by the Pope (in June 1664)
only by 30 days. Indeed, Cassander
* '' This history was first begun by the express command of King Chsrles the
Firiit/* says Clarendon in his preface (page 4 — Oxford edition, 1807) to his grsat
work, to juKtly entitled to his chosen motto—irr^^ re cV m\ (fiSXkop f iyimtrfta h
TO impa)(pritia dicovtuf (vyicuTai,) from Thocydides, A. c0.
t The arn>gated title was that of Prince de Chahus, by Adrian Bhuae de TkUeyraad :
<*mai« sann rang ni pretension quelconque,*' says St. Simon. This snlf ssanrted
Triiire wan the first husband of Anne Marie de la Tr^hnouille, who, on his demise,
married the Roman Prince, Orsini, and made so conspicnoas a figure in the early part
of the lant century at Madrid, under that name fPrincesse des Ursins) in France.
1 take this occasion of modifying the assertion of the Count de Durlbrd (Qentle-
msn*!! Mafcazine for the last Oct. page 373,) that his family was the only foreiga
one, not of ruyal blood, that had contnbated two Knights to our Order of the Garter ;
for 1 find that, at one and the same time, Anne de Montmorency, the renowned Con-
xtahh* of France, and hin son the Duke Henri Franfoisi were honoured with that dis-
tinction (in the xixteenth century).
(iENT. Mao. Vol. XIII. 2 K
248
worthy old Gardner, the Historian of
Dunwich, a man whose work will live
when all the books bailt upon his
useful labours have sunk into merited
contempt ; and with Mr. Rickman, the
author of the Essay on Gothic archi-
tecture. I say, again, that I feel ex-
tremely obliged to Mr. Wake for
placing me in such company, and the
more especially as it must have been
some little trouble to him to effect this
honourable conjunction, seeing that, in
order to do so, he was obliged to task
his imagination, or, in other words,
to invent a something which he might
pretend to quote from the review, in
order that he might afterwards con-
demn it. This is what he has done.
The words " notoriously litigious, "
which he makes believe to quote
four several times, which are each
time placed between inverted commas,
which are marked out for peculiar
observation by italics, small capitals,
and all the other means by which typo-
graphy can assist a writer's anxiety
to be especially clear and emphatic,
are not to be found in the review. Turn
to it in your vol. III. n. h. p. 348 ;
search it through and through ; mark
the passages relating to Southwold in
pages 348 and 349 — there is matter in
them from which Mr. Wake may de-
rive a great deal of instruction, but
the words which he affects to quote —
where are they ? In Mr. Wake's
book, but not in the review from which
he professes to extract them. If, upon
80 grave an occasion, I might be al-
lowed to follow the bad example of my
accuser, and deviate into a joke, I
should say that Mr. Wake was not
awake when he treated this part of his
subject, for you will find that he mis-
states the title of the book to which he
refers, misspells its author's name, and
misquotes your review.
If I desired to be severe upon Mr.
Wake I might go further, and shew
you that he has misrepresented — most
grievously and palpably misrepresent-
ed— the facts of the principal litigation
which is the subject of his remarks and
mine. In that litigation, which was
a trial at law, the corporation of
Southwold were unsuccessful. They
paid for their own costs £377 (Wake,
3
Litigation in the Borough of Southwold. [Miidi#
p. 136) whilst they most u^juBtifiably
put their opponents to an expense of
" upwards of one thousand poande 1 "
(ibid. 187.) And who paid the latter
sum ? The corporation of Soathwold ?
No. They evaded the payment by
means which, if practised by an indi-
vidual, would have occasioned him to
be driven from society with ai moch
scorn and contempt as could be heaped
upon an unworthy man. These trans-
actions took place before Mr. ' Wake
knew anything about Southwold, and in
treating of them he adopts the jargon
of a profession which is not his own,
and the meaning of which he eridently
does not understand. What assistance
he may have had upon this point it is
not for me to tell, but he has been
deceived. Affectation of candour, and
appeals to "the Searcher of hearts"
and "the all-seeing Judge" — (most
appropriate ornaments in a work of
topography) — may co-exist — and in
the passages which he hos been misled
into inserting in his work, do co-exist
< — with a most obvious departure from
the truth. / have the proofs, and eass
produce them,
Mr. Wake is no doubt quite at home
upon " the unpretending shingle " (p.
39), amidst "fairy forms" (p. 21), and
" feathery spray," and bathers " all
drenched and rosy," and *' school-
misses, who love to flounder under the
closely- screened awning, but fear to
swim, and will not allow themselves to
be dipped " (ibid.) ; long may he " enjoy
the smooth boards " of the Southwold
piers (p. 20) and " the literary stimulus
of some of the daily papers" in that
" well -formed- room -for -a- place -of-
rendezvous " — "the Casiino " (32,
33) ; long may he " turn his eye and fix
it " (" as long," that is, as he shrewdly
remarks, " as may please him," p. 21)
upon all the picturesque scenery which
he has invented and described ; but he
should beware how he meddles with
such edged- tools as reviews in the
Gentleman's Magazine, and lawsuits,
the merits of which he does not under-
stand. Yours, &c.
The Reviewer of Mrrbwethbr
AND Stephens.
1 8 10.] The Historians Bignon and Artaud.-^G. Cassander. 379
were sore to return home with a vive
antipathic pour VAutriche. " (tome X.
259.) Talleyrand, whose family, I
may passingly remark, is stripped of
its antique splendour by the acrimo-
nious and sagacious St. Simon, (tome
III. p. 217), who accuses them of as-
suming an usurped title,t was surely
no incompetent authority on such
matters; and certainly will not be
charged with partial leaning towards
the papal court.
Notwithstanding the essential defect
which 1 have indicated, M. Bignon*B
work may be most usefully consulted ;
for it contains facts and documents
not to be found elsewhere ; such as
the secret articles of the treaties of
Tilsit and Erfurth, and other myste-
ries of diplomacy, which his own
position at Berlin, Warsaw, &c. and
the unreserved communications of the
archives of the Foreign Office, even
under the restoration, by M. de la
Ferronays, revealed to him. It would
well deserve, and 1 am surprised has
not yet obtained a translator. The
promovent causes of the fatal expe-
dition against Russia in 1812, are
minutely and interestingly related in
vol. X.
As for Mr. Hallam's assertion,
" that the Emperor Ferdinand, even
after the close of the Council, referred
the chief points in controversy to
Creorge Casisander, a German theolo-
gian," I may transiently remark, that
Cassander was Flemish, not German,
by birth and residence, and that ths
Emperor only survived the close of the
Council by six months (from Decem-
ber 1563, 'to July 1564,) and its rati-
fication by the Pope (in June 1564)
only by 30 days. Indeed, Cassander
ON MR. HALLAM S LITERARY HISTORY,
THE COUNCIL OF TRENT, &C.
{Continued from p. 151 .)
ON the restoration of the national wor-
shtp by Buonaparte, under the Con-
sulate and Empire, all articles of faith
determined by the Council of Trent
were adopted as an indispensable basis;
while the stipulations of discipline as-
sumed for a precedent those establish-
ed by the Concordat of 1517> between
Francis the First and Leo the Tenth.
So it will be seen in Bignon's Histoire
(le France, 1829 — 1838, and in Artaud's
Histoire de Pie VII. The former was
the solicited annalist of Napoleon, as
Clarendon* was of Charles the First :
" Je Tengage k ecrire Thistoire de la
diplomatie Fran^aisede 1792 k 1815,"
is the testamentary request of the dying
ox-emperor, adopted authoritatively by
M. Bignon for his epigraph, andsuffi-
ciently anticipative of his excessive
partiality in the execution of his com-
raJHsion ; but this prejudice became
c|uite unruly on all controvertible
(juestions with England, Bernadotte,
and the Pope. Even in his last vo-
lume, after an interval of nearly ten
years, these feelings continue unim-
f)aired ; as a reference to pages 322,
Ike. of tome X. will shew. He, on the
other hand, arraigns M. Artaud of
undue bias towards the Pope, then
r I s 1 1 ) a captive at Savona. This
gentleman had long resided at Rome
as secretary of legation, on which M.
Bignon relates an observation of Tal-
leyrand, under whom he (M. Bignon)
had first entered his diplomatic career,
" that foreign agents at Rome always
imbibed a deep affection for the Holy
See, while those employed at Vienna
* " This history was first begun by the express command of King Charles the
FirHt/* says Clarendon in his preface (page 4 — Oxford edition, 1807) to his great
work, so juKtly entitled to his chosen motto — rr^fui t€ cV ofi (paXXop ij ay^tfUTfia «V
Tn irapa)(f}^na dicnvtiy ^lyKiiTM,) from Thucydides, A. k/9.
t The arrogated title was that of Prince de Chalais, by Adrien Blaise de Talleyrand :
" mniit sans rang ni pretension quelconque/' aajs St. Simon. This self-asaerted
Priiirt* WHS the first husband of Anne Marie de la Tr^moville, who, on his demise,
iiinrricd the Roman Prince, Orsini, and made so conspicuoas a figure in the eariy part
of the Ust century at Madrid, under that name fPrincesse des Ursins) in France.
I take tins occasion of miMlifyiug the assertion of the Count de Durford (Gentle-
mnn's Magazine for the last Oct. pa^^e M'A,) that his family was the only foreign
om;, not of royal blood, that had contributed two Knights to onr Order of the Garter ;
for I find that, at one and the same time, Annede Montmorency, the renowned Con-
).tMhlc of France, and hi* son the Duke Henri Frsn9oi8, were honoured with that dis-
tinrtion (in the jtixteenth century).
(Jent. Mao. Vol. Xlll. 2 K
250 Professor Ranke.-^Dr. Arnold. [March^
also died the following February ; so existit disceptatio }*' Nothing can be
that Ferdinand's commission could less ambiguous than this declaration,
have produced but little fruit, even or more opposed to the inference to be
if undertaken. We have, however, drawn from Mr. Hallam's statement,
this Emperor's own direct authority It deprecates all controversy, or dis-
for his implicit acquiescence in the cussion in matters of faith, as wholly
Tridentine decisions of faith ; and superfluous ; and it is in that senae
may thence conclude that the refer- that Ranke presents it. The German
ence to Cassander could solely apply Professor's whole chapter on the
to the details of discipline, or to such subject is well entitled to attention,
an exposition of the Roman catholic and will, I think, prove that the Em-
doctrine, as, like Bossuet's, should be peror formed no exception to the uni-
best calculated to propitiate the variant versal recognition of the dogmatic
sects, without the slightest dereliction decrees of the Council. The diflScolty,
of principle by the mother church. therefore, contemplated by Mr. HaU
The German historian Ranke (Die lam as to that fact, which could only
R5mische Papste, ihre Kirche und apply to France and Hungary, thus
ihre Staat im secbszehnten und sie- vanishes before the evidence I have
benzehnten Jahrhundert — Theil. III. adduced, and the subject will, I trust.
Section vi.) cites Ferdinand's letter, appear of sufficient importance to jus-
ad I/<>^a/o5, dated 15th August, 1562, tify its discussion in detail, which,
from Le Plat's Monumenia, 8fc. tom. V. however, I offer as a question of his-
p. 452, wherein the Emperor writes tory, not of controversy,* though,
" Quid enim attinet disquirere de his under every aspect, of highest inte-
dogmatibus, de quibus apud omnes rest.
non solum principes, verum etiam A subsequent chapter of the Pros-
privatos homines catholicos, nulla nunc sian Professor's work embraces a very
* Professor Ranke's work, so often quoted by Mr. Hallam, is highly creditable to
him in almost every historical merit ; but occasional inadvertences have struck me.
Thus, in the first section of his third book, he states that Pope Paul III. (Alexander
Famese) bom in 1468, was invested with the tiara in 1534, when in his sixtieth year,
and died in 1549, aged 83, — a series of figures in obvious discord; but the fact is,
that Paul's birth shoidd be in 1466, and his accession to the pontificate in his 68th
year. In the same section he alludes to a letter of Charles duke of Guise, dated from
Rome, the 31st October, 1547, to Henry II. of France, relative to the removal of the
Council of Trent to Bologna ; but the duke of Guise of that day was Claude, not
Charles, the patriarch of that great house in France, and ancestor of our gradoos So-
vereign, through his daughter Mary, grandmother to James the First. This Claude,
born in 1496, died in 1550, a duke and peer, the first so made, of France, not of the
blood royal, in January 1527, and leaving a numerous offspring, of whom CAor/et,
Cardinal of Lorraine, was the chief representative of France at the Council ; but, in
1547, his age did not exceed twenty-two years. Like his uncle John, also Cardinal of
Lorraine, he accumulated such a multiplicity of ecclesiastical titles, that he was said
to carry a whole council in his single person. The only duke of Guise named Charln
was great-grandson to Claude.
On a former occasion (Gent. Magazine for Nov. 1838,) I also indicated a strange
oversight in Ranke's volumes, where. Book v. Sect. 7, Monmouth in Wales is con-
founded with Munster in Ireland, as Fluellen similarly confounded his native Monmonth
with Macedon — (Shakspeare*s Henry V. Act iv. Sc. 7.) Boyle, who called himself the
v€<t>€\Tjy€p€TT}s Zfus, or, as he meant, the collector of errors, has shown how volumes
could be filled with the mistakes of the learned, which indeed, it would not require any
great depth of reading to confirm. An incidental instance has just occurred to me :
Dr. Arnold, in his most able History of the first ages of Rome, vol. I. p. 85, closes a
long and erudite note on the value of copper money with a statement that, ** if copper
had so risen in value, that although the as of half an ounce weight was equal to half an
obolus, the a«, when it weighed twenty-four times as much, that is, a full pound, had
only been worth twice as much, — a diminution in value," adds the learned author,
" of twelve hundred per ctnt.^^ ! that is, eleven times less than the nothing, or zero, to
which the first hundred per cent, less necessarily reduced it. The meaning, of course*
is that the value was reduced to a twelfth part, but the expression involves an evident
absurdity because an impossibility , eleven times repeated.
1840.]
Sarpi. — Pallavicini. — T. Aquinas, S(C.
251
elaborate parallel between the antago-
nist historians of the Council — Sarpi,
and Pallavicini. The former is de-
hcribed as moved by deadly hatred —
malignant in his purpose and reckless
in his means — fabricating falsehoods
and distorting or perverting truths ;
while the Jesuit, though scrupulously
correct in the documents he exhibits,
often suppresses those opposed to his
views. Thus neither fulfils the obli-
gation of history — " ne quid falsi
dicere audeat ; ne quid veri non au-
deat, " as prescribed by Cicero (De
Oratore, lib. ii. cap. 15.) Both
writers are remarkable for purity of
diction ; but it is singular that Sarpi,
whose superiority of talent, moreover,
is undeniable, should not be numbered
with the classic authors of his lan-
guage recommended for their style by
the Academy della Crusca ; for several
others, who equally figure in the Index
of Rome, are included in the list (see
Ranke, l*apste, Theil. iv. — ad calcem.)
Mr. llallam's enumeration of the
few writers of the sixteenth century,
who, with variant views, sustained
liberal political principles, is suscep-
tible of some extension ; and a material
omission, I think, is that of the bene-
volent Bartholomew Las Casas, whose
posthumous volume on the regal power,
its source and object, preceded those
mentioned by Mr. Hallam, and is at
least as firm in the assertion of popu-
lar rights. The book is, indeed, very
rare, though twice printed — first at
Krancfort in 1571, and subsequently
at Tubingen, in 1625, with a long
title — " l)om. B. Las Casas Episcopi
Chiapsensis . . . Explanatio questio-
num utrum Reges subditos alienare
possint, Adtinguntur . . . imperioram
ac juris imperandi . . . fundamenta,
(|uibus omnes fere quxstiones circa
potcHtatem legibus solutam decidi pos-
»unt." — Even the Spanish bibliogra-
pher Don Nicholas Antonio does not
appear to have seen the work, (Bibli-
otheca llispana Nova, Madrit. 1782,
torn. 1. p. 151.) which, notwithstand-
ing, he ascribes to Las Casas, though
doubted by others ; but, at all events,
its priority of date and purpose en-
titled it to advertence. The illustrious
Spaniard, however, may rest his more
enduring fame on his — " Brevissima
Relacion de la Destruvcion de las lo-
dias por losCastellanos." (See Beloe's
Anecdotes, I. 10,) and 1 am happy to
add, that the imputation, of having
substituted the Negro to the Indian
Slavery, has been successfully dis-
proved by his French translator.
(Paris 1822.)
A still earlier and equally strenuous
advocate of civil liberty, says the Doc-
tor Henry Leo, professor of history in
the University of Halle, was 1%oma8
Aquifuu, who, in his Secunda Secunda,
hurled fierce anathemas against the
royal assumption of absolute power,
proclaimed the right of insurrection
against its abuse, and declared that
in the people solely resided all legi-
timate authority. If we were now to
read, " adds the learned professor," the
Summa Theoloyica of Thomas, his high*
mindedness, rectitude of judgment, and
bold reasoning would astonish us, in
his maintenance of the policy and du-
ties of liberty. (History of Italy during
the Middle Ages.) It is no Catholic,
be it noted, that offers this homage to
the Angelic Doctor,
Buchanan's and Languet's volumes
first appeared in 1579, that of Boucher
in 1589, and Rose's the following
year. Boucher had just terminated his
book, when the assassination of
Henry III. was announced (1 August
1589), and his exultation is not dis-
guised ; for which he claims the sanc-
tion of Scripture, in Judges, chapter
111. Judith 13, &c. (De Just& Hen-
rici III. Abdicatione, p. 281, recto.)
The concluding appeal to the combat-
ants of the League is very animated.
" Adstant de caelo angeli, qui vel vic-
tores ad Reipublicae commoda salvent,
vel cssos in caelum arripiant ;" nor is
his invocation of the Guisii martyrei,
(p. 287) less so. The volume attributed
to Rose* (William) bishop of Senlis,
" De justA Reipublicae Christians ia
* The ingenious my»tiJication practised on Moli^re in 1666 by the President Rose,
a junior member of the bishop*! family, though often told, may be briefly repeated.
In the Medecin malgri lui^ (Act 1 , Sc. vi.) Sganarelle hugs his bottle, addressing to it
A AonK, which, on the first representation of the play, the President translated into
l^tin, and a few days after, at the famous H6tel de Rambouillet, produced this ver-
NJon, pretended to be from the Anthology, as the original purloined by Molierei who
252
Tyrannicide, — Bodin.'^Ejnscqpius.
[Mvrdi*
Reges Impios potestate/' is equally
violent ; bat Mariana, " De Regis In-
stitatione," printed at Toledo in
1599> is written with more temper,
and far superior in style, as might be
expected from one of his order, and,
as a comparison of his chapter VI.
" An Tyrannum opprimere fas sit," in
reference to the death of Henry III.
with Boucher's and Rose's sentiments
on the same event, will show. The
doctrine, however, was the same. —
" Victiroa hand ulla amplior
Potest, magisqae opima mactari Jovi,
Qu^ Rex iniqaus.**
Seneca in Hercule Furente.
and Mariana, too, calls the act of the
assassin, Clement, " facinus memora-
bile" quo manibus Guisii ducis paren-
tatum— " Felix futurus," he adds of
Henry, "si cum primis ultima contex-
uisset,'' an observation, consonant in
expression, though not in application,
to Voltaire's (Henriade, Chant I.) on
the same prince,
" II devint l&che roi d'intr^pide guerrier."
the corresponding line to which
" Tel briUe au second rang qui s'eclipse
au premier,"
thepoetmaintainedwasuntranslateable
into the same narrow compass of
words in any other language ? but Car-
dinal Quirini's Latin version proves
the contrary, though I have it not
just now to refer to. The chief au-
thority of these theological political
writers was the Bible, an arsenal of
all arms, as I remarked on a former
occasion. (Gent. Mag. for August
1836.)
Our author's article on Bodin, who,
in his book de Republic^ (lib. II. cap.
5) supports the same principles as to
the death of tyrants, grounded on the
Lex Valeria, is a very able one, to
which, however, I only advert. Id
order to state, that the unpabliahed
volume of which he makes mentioiiT—
"Heptaplomeresde abditisrerum can-
sis," may be seen in the library of Sir
Thomas Phillipps, who obtained it
from me. I bought it many years ago
in Germany, and well remember that,
of the three religions there discussed,
the Jewish, Christian, and Maho-
metan, the advantage is given to
the first. I would also remark, that
Mariana's history in Spanish, (1608,
2 vols, folio) deserved mention quite
as well as the Latin edition ; nor is
the variance between them inconsider-
able. In his third volume, (page 103
et seq.) Mr. Hallam pays a just com-
pliment to Episcopius, the most emi-
nent of the disciples of Arminius, for
his advocacy of religious liberty, —
"Against capital punishment for
heresy Episcopius," he observes,
"raised his voice with indignant se-
verity, and asserts that the whole
christian world abhorred the fatal pre-
cedent of Calvin. This," adds the his-
torian, " indicates a remarkable change
already wrought in the sentiments of
mankind. Certain it is that no capi-
tal punishments for heresy were in-
was astonnded at the assertion, until a general smile disclosed the truth. I shall
place the French and Latin lines in juxtaposition, for the sake of comparison : —
'* Qu'ils sont doox,
Bouteillejolie,
Qu'ils sont doux
Vos jolis glougloux I
Mais mon sort feraiC bien des jaloux
Si Yous ^tiez toujours rempUe ;
Ah ! bouteille ma mie,
Pourquoi vous videz vous ?*'
*' Quam dulces,
Amphora amiena,
Quam dulces.
Sunt tuK voces I
Dum fundis merum in calioeSy
Udnam semper esses plena I
Ah ? cara mea lagena,
Vacua cur jaces ?''
But no one has been more successfol in similar attempts than Father Prout, some of
whose translations may truly pass for originals. Amongst the pleasures of memcMy,
I may reckon that of having known the venerable pastor of Watergrasshill, whose
mantle has so fittingly fallen on a younger friend.
" For that olde Man of pleasing words had store ;
... . .
He told of Saints and Popes, and evermore.
He stiowed an Ave-Mary after and before," &g.
Spenser, Fairie Queen, Canto ^- ^^*
1840.]
On Capiial Punishment /or Heresi/.
253
flicted in Protestant countries after
this time ; nor were they so frequently
aod so broadly vindicated as before."
The time here adverted to, after
which it is affirmed that no capital
punishments were inflicted for heresy,
is not distinctly marked ; but the only
(late mentioned in the paragraph, and
tu which these words would, from their
position, appear to refer, is 1618,
when some of the treatises of Episco-
pius had already been published. He
was then in his thirty-fifth or sixth
year, and had, in 1612, succeeded his
adversary Gomer in the chair of Di-
vinity at Ley den ; as I learn from a
contemporary volume, " Academia
Leidensis," (16 14, 4to.) which also
contains his portrait.* Assuming this
only apparent date of 1618, our au-
thor's assertion is certainly inaccurate ;
for, in 1632, fourteen years subse-
quently, Nicholas Anthoine, a native
uf Lorraine, and originally a Catholic,
but a convert to Calvinism, was burnt
at Geneva for having embraced Juda-
ism, a fact which I am surprised Mr.
llallam has not alluded to. in evidence
of his averment, (page 102) "that per-
secution for religious heterodoxy was
the principle as well as the practice of
every church," and which he so amply
exemplifies throughout his work. All
the humiliating particulars of this
event are to be found in the English
Historical Dictionary, and, with some
additions in its translation by
ChaufTepie, article Anthoine, princi-
pally derived from the Biblioth^ue
Raisonn^e of La Chapelle, tome II. p.
1 59, (now before me) and La fiiblio-
theque Anglaise by M. de la Roche,
tome II. p. 266. The wretched victim,
a confirmed maniac, was condemned
and executed the 20th April, 1632.
His crime was, " qu'oubliant toute
crainte de Dieu, il auroit commia
crime d'apostasie, et de l^ze-majest^
divine au premier chef, aiant combattu
la Sainte Trinit<^, reni^ nostre Seig-
neur et Sauveur Jesus Christ, blas-
pheme son sainct nom, reoonc^ son
l>aptesme pour embrasser le JudaJisme
et la circoncision," he. He was sen-
tenced "k estre li^ et men^ en la
Place de Plein- Palais, (in Geneva*)
pour Ik estre attach^ k un poteau sur
un hucher, et estrangl^, fa^on accoua-
tum^e, et en aprez, son corps brusl^
et reduit en cendres," &c. And Ge-
neva, surely, was a Protestant state,
the hot-bed and birth-place of reform;
for there the distinctive epithet, not
previously assumed by the Lutherans,
originated. " Pleraque nova com-p
menta mortalium in verbis vim ha-
bent." (Livy, lib. xliv. cap. 47.)
Only six years before Mr. Hallam's
expressedd ate. as above, in 1612, we
find in our own historv, that two Ari-
ans, Legat and Wrightman, were
burnt at Smithfield and Norwich. —
" L'^blouissement de ces pr^jug^s fat
universel — Personne ne voulut Stre h^-
r^tique, ni fauteur d'h^r^tique, et
pourvill que Ton d^truislt la tyran-
nie du pape, on crut faire merveille
.... Ton ne songea ouUe part k re-
former les loix contre Th^resie qu'au-
tant qu'il le falloit pour la sClret^ da
parti dominant," are the observationt
of M. de la Chapelle, a zealous Calri-
nist minister, in direct opposition to
the doctrine of his patriarch, who
maintained — "Qu'il n'y a que les Epi-
curiens, les Ath^istes, et les con temp,
teurs de Dieu qui d^sirent qu'on ne
punisse point les opinions meschan-
tes Si J^us Christ a fait Tof-
fice de Docteur, il a aassi pris le foaet
au poing pour nettoyer le temple,"
&c. (Declaration pour maintenir la
vraye Foy, &c. par Jehan Calvin,
1554, 8 vo.)
Again, at a mach later period* m
October 1687» and long after the
death of Episcopias, one Peter Gan-
ther, a horse farrier, born in Pnisaia,
was beheaded at Lobec, for denial of
the divinity of Jesus Christ; (Bib-
lioth^ue Britannique, torn. IV. 70.)
and this execution received the spe-
cial sanction of the Universities of
Kiel and Wittemberg. At the Hagae
still later, that isf about the year 17^9,
M. de la Chapelle was informed that
a man was put to death, " pour let
blasphemes da Spinosisme, qu'il to-
misaait avec la derni^re fureor,"
though this does not appear well at-
* This portrait, at page 69 of the volume, gives him the appearance of a man of
threescore, thoogh, as his birth ii placed in 1583, he was then (1614) only 31. The
volume exhibits all the Professors of Leyden at the time ; few, indeed, of persooal at-
t rnctioni. What a work for iilmsiraiion Mr. Hallam's would be !
254
The Dying Songs of Poets.
[Marcb»
certained. It would not, 1 believe, be
difficult to discover other instances in
disproof of Mr. Hallam's assertion,
were we to examine the records of
Protestant Europe, where the law of
death for heresy remained unrevoked
almost every where, until the last cen-
tury. That of England, " De Haereti-
00 Comburendo," had, however, been
repealed preceding! }i^ in 1678. (Black-
stone, iv. '4) . The Syntagma Co^feS"
sionum Fidei, published by Salnar« at
<jeneva in 15S1, and approved of by
the national synod of the French Hu-
guenots held at Vitr^ in 1583, shows
that every Protestant state and sect
avowed the legitimacy of capital pu-
nishment for the crime of heresy.
" Tantum religio potuit suadere. malo-
rum.
»»*
Lucret L 139.'*
* To this often cited line, and its antecedent causes, Cardinal Polignac, in his
A nti- Lucretius, opposes the evils resulting from irreligionf and antithetically con-
cludes the contrasted enumeration, (Ub. i. v. 839)) thus : —
'* Efifera tantum igitur potuit suadere malorum
Impietas, non Religio, quee prava coeroens
Corda metu, spe recta favet . .
II
The poet's philosophy was that of Des Cartes ; but he highly praises Newton's opti.
cal discoveries, for which our illustrious countryman addressed him— ''plenam urbani-
tatis epistolam, quA se affirmabat maximo cum desiderio moriturum si Anti-Lucretium
totius Europee tantopere expetitum, legere sibi non contigisset" The gratification,
however, was not reserved for Newton, whose death preceded the publication of the
volume by twenty years ; (1727 — 1747) nor did it appear until after the author's own
decease ; though he had often recited many brilliant parts of it, which made it long
celebrated over Europe. At his last moments he repeated those affecting lines
(1047, &c.) of the first book.
** Ceu lectum peragrat membris languentibus leger,
In latus altemis leevum dextrumque recumbens,
Nee juvat," &c.
paullatira ab extremis cedar _ . . «
poet's death, inflicted by order of Nero, Annal. xv. 70,) ** recordatus carmen a se
compositum, quo vulneratum militem per ejusmodi mortis imaginem obiisse trsdiderit,
versus ipsos retuht ; eaque illi suprema vox fuit." The verses here referred to by the
great historian, are generally supposed to be those of Book iii. 638 of the Pharsalia :
* * Scinditur avulsus : nee, sicut, vulnere sanguis
Emicuit lentus : ruptis cadit undique venis." &c.
while other commentators consider the lines 811, &c. of Book the ninth more apposite
*' Sanguis erant lachrymse : quscunque foramina novit
Humor, ab his largus manatcruor," &c.
Dante is Ukewise reported to have applied his own language to express his dying feel-
ings—
<i
.... Simigliante a quella'nferma,
Che non pua trovar posa in su le piume.
Ma con dar volta suo dolore scberma."
Purgatoria, Canto i.
Polignac is not painted very favourably by St. Simon, except as to his person and
manners, (vol. IV. 445). After various unsuccessful applications to his own and other
sovereigns, to be recommended for the purple, he at last obtained the honour at the
nomination of the old Pretender (1708). " Cette marque de majesty ^tait comme la seule
qui restat au malheureux roi d'Angleterre." (St. Simon, tome VI. 389). The Pre-
tender was then recognised in France as James the Third. A line of the Anti-Lucre-
tius, (94, lib. i.^ is clearly the origin of the famous one by the French Minister of
State, Tm-got, (whom Louis XVI. associated with himself, as the only genuine friends
of the people,) so complimentary to Franklin : — ** Eripuit c^elo fulmen, sckp-
TRUMQUE TYRANNI8." PoUgnac's versc, allusive to the atheism of Epicure, sang by
Lucretius, is *' Eripuit fulmenquk Jovi PHiCBoQUE sagittas.'' The plagiarism
has not, I may suppose, escaped observation ; but I do not recollect having seen it
1840]
Catholic Opponents of Intolerance.
255
Even Episcopius excluded from his
system of toleration, as Milton and
Locke subsequently did, the Roman
Catholics, both as persecutors and
idolators — " eos duntaxet excludi, qui
idulatria sunt contaminiti, et qui mi-
nimi^ habent Scripturam pro fidei
norma. ** And Koornhert gave great
hcandal for maintaining that the Ca-
tholics of Holland should be allowed
the public exercise of their religion, as
promised by William of Orange.
(Boyle, ad vorem.) Well may we say
to each other in these aberrations of
Christianity :— " Brother — brother! we
are both in the wrong — we shall be
both losers in the dispute." (Gay's
Opera, Act ii. sc. 2.)
But, antecedently to Episcopius, an
occasional ray of light emerged from
the darkness shed on these ages by the
spirit of intolerance ; and, among Ca-
tholics too, where least expected, — as
iMr. Hallam was also surprized to find
that they had published more theolo-
gical books than the Protestants, (vol.
11. p. 504 — 506.) These are truly oa«M
in the desert. Thus, Sir Thomas
More, (Utopia, page 178, Paris, 1777)
wrote, " Siquidem haec inter antiquis-
sima instituta numerant, ne sua cui-
(|uam religio fraudi sit," of course, his
own sentiments. And a Catholic bi-
shop of the same epoch, resident in
I'ortugal, too, within the precincts of
the Inquisition, thus expresses his ab-
horrence of the |)ersecution, exercised
in 1497* by Emmanuel, one of the
greatest of that country's sovereigns,
against the Jews. " Quid enim ! tu
rebelles animos adiges ad
credendum ea, quse summa conteo-
tione aspernantur, et respuant ? At id
neque fieri potest, neque Christi sanc-
tissimum numen approbat. Volunta-
rium enim sacrificium, non vi et
malo coactum, ab hominibus expectat,
neque mentibus inferri, sed volunta-
tes ad studium verse religionis allici et
invitari jubet." These are the re-
monstrances of Osorio, Bishop of Sil-
ves and Algarva, in his work, " De
Rebus Lusitanicis, regnante Sebastia-
no Emmanuele," (1495— 1525), highly
valued for its pure Latinity, and in-
cluded in the general collection of
his writings, published at Rome in
1592, four volumes, folio; bat my
edition is that of Frankfort, 1575, 8vo.
apud Wechelios. The first publica-
tion of the history was at Lisbon
in 1571, (folio), comprising tweWe
books, relative to the persecution of the
Jews, in which Emmanuel pursued the
example of his uncle and aunt of
Spain, and one of the few blemishes
on the character of Isabella ; see
"Historia Geral de Portugal, por
D. A. de Lemos Faria e Castro, torn.
IX. p. 277." (Lisboa, 1788,) and in
noticed, though assuredly entitled to attention from the oniversal notoriety of Target's
4'u!of(y, Ro emphatically descriptive of FrankUn's doable claim to celebrity.
Caniinal de Polignac delegated the publication of the poem to his friend the Abb^
lie Rothelin, whose death, likewise, anteceded its appearance; bat his dedication to
Pope Benedict XIV. was elegant; and that Pontiff was no incompetent judge of
l^iiiii poetry, as may be inferred from his defence of Voltaire's distich, subscribed to
the portrait of Benedict, on dedicating to him the tragedy of Mahomet, ou te Famm'
tmrne, which, until strengthened by the Papal sanction, was refused exhibition by the
Piiribiaii censor. Voltaire, in addressing the Holy Father his tragedy, added the en-
graved |)ortrait with these lines : —
" Lambertinus hie est, Romae decus, et pater orbis ;
Qui mundum scriptis docuit, virtatibos omat."
To which some critics objected that Aie is always long, though here made short ; but
ihi: old Pontiff instantly recited from Virgil, (iEneid.iv. 22.)
" Solus hic infloxit sensus, animamque libantem,*'
where Air is also short ; and added, equally from instant memory—
** Hkc finis Priami fatorum ; hic exitus ilium
Sorte taht," &c.
iCneid. U. 556.
where Virgil makes hic again long, as it in general is, whence choice may be left, as in
the gender of the word Jinitf which here is feminine, though usually masculine. Bat
the venerable Pontiff, then passed fourscore, proudly and justly observed to Voltaire
" Ci sembra d'aver risposto ben espresso, ancor che siono pih di cinqucnta anni che
uon abbiamoletto Virgilio."
256
Remarks on Hallams Literary History.
[March,
defence of Isabella, consult Mr. Pres-
cott's recent history, (volume III. p.
256 — 8,) which presents some excel-
lent reflections on the subject. Hear
again another liberal Catholic of that
age — " Alia quippe omnia pro arbitrio
civilis magistrates, atque adeo princi-
pis sanciuntur: sola religio non iro-
peratur ... ad eam cruciatus nihil
valent, quin et obfirmant potius ani-
mos qukro frangunt et persuadent."
These are the forcible expressions of
the President de Thou, or Thuanus,
in the beautiful dedication to Henry
IV. of his ** Historia sui temporis,"
&c. (Lond. 1733).
Rare unhappily in feeling, perilous,
too, in utterance, and unheard of as a
principle of existing legislation, was
such language, (which, as Walpole
aaid of a chapel in a palace, was pure
and holy, while all around was cor-
ruption or folly,) until embodied in the
constitution of the Catholic colony of
Maryland, by the successive Lords Bal-
timore, George and Cecil Carey. In
contrast with this bright precedent,
may be viewed the intolerable code of
the Pilgrim Fathers of the North,
which proclaimed, with enhanced se-
verity, the system of persecution they
had abandoned their homes to escape.
These enactments of blood may be
read in the indignant pages of M. de
Tocqueville ; but the American histo-
rians (Marshall's Life of Washington,
vol. I. p. 108, and Bancroft, vol. I. p.
270,) have well expressed their exulta-
tion or shame, as they respectively glo-
ried in this primary legislativeasscrtion
of constitutional doctrine, or blushed
for the inconsistency of their reformed
progenitors. And truly, in that res-
pect at least, the moderns may claim
a superiority — "Hfitls rot naripayv
^€y afifivov€s €vx6fi€ff civm, (Iliad 4,
405,) aline which, in accord of feeling
with Mr. Hallam, I am ever happy to
repeat. (See Constitutional History of
England, vol. I. ch. 3, and Gent. Mag.
for Sept. 1837, p. 256.)
In his third volume, at page 353,
Mr. Hallam designates Ludovicu Guic-
ciardini as the historian's (Francis)
brother : it should be his nephew.
The latter died in 1589 — the uncle in
1540. And Milton was born in I6O8,
not 1609, as stated by Mr. Hallam.
Johnson, in his life of Milton, distinct-
ly states, that he was born the ninth
of December I6O8, between six and
4
seven in the morning ; in which all the
biographies concur ; but it certaiaty is
not usual with Johnson to be so very
precise. Goethe is still more particu-
lar in his autobiography ; when he
says that he came into the world the
28th August 1749, on the stroke of
twelve o'clock at noon ; on which the
great poet amuses himself with deduc-
ing his horoscope, &c. St. Simon
marks, even with more minute exact-
ness, the birth of Louis XV. (tome
VIII. 122). "A hu it heures trots mi-
nutes et trois secondes, la duchesse de
Bourgogne mit au monde un doc
d'Anjou, qui est le roi Louis XV." In
the Turkish Spy, the prototype of "Les
Lettres Persanes," and a work on
which Mr. Hallam has bestowed some
curious pages (in volume IV. p. 455,
&c.) the birth of Louis XIV. is simi-
larly reckoned from the minutes and
seconds, as a ground of the royal
horoscope, which was often calcu-
lated.
At page 639 of the same volume,
our author says, "The writer whom I
quote under the name of Vig^eul Mar-
ville, which he assumed, was D'Ar-
gonne, a Benedictine of Rouen," (also
volume IV. p. 529) ; but this person
was a Carthusian, not a Benedictine
monk, and of Paris by birth, though
belonging to the Chartreuse de GaiiSm
(D^partement de TEure). Nor does
Mr. Hallam seem aware that C^ri-
santes's family name was Mark Dun-
can, the son of a Scotchman, if not one
himself. Some interesting particulars
of him may be found in Bayle, article
Frangipani, and in the Menagiana. In
mentioning the learned men who ad-
mired the Astrde of D'Urfi^, it might
have also been added, that J. J. Rous-
seau read this most tedious romance
(expertus loquor) of nearly three thou-
sand octavo pages every year, for no
inconsiderable period ; as he states in
his Confessions.
Mr. Hallam, I perceive, is disposed
(vol. III. p. 683) to ascribe the famous
satire against the Jesuits, Momarckia
Solipsorttm, to Scotti ; but a copy in
my possession, formerly belonging to
the order in Paris, with a manuscript
key to the names, assigns it to Mel-
chior Inchoffer. I also beg to obsenre,
that the Parisian Polyglott^ alluded to
in the fourth volume, page 597, was
published Le Jay (Guy, Michel) not
Le Lwig, The latter was author of the
1840.]
Mr. HfilUnCi Literary HUiory.
257
Bibliotheca Sacra^ but was not bom
when Le Jaygot printed the magnifi-
cent Polyglott in 1628, (et seq.) by
which he was ruined, in consequence
of the high price and slow sale. It
would have been well, I likewise would
remark, to have noted, in regard to the
traveller Pietro della Valle, (vol. iv. p.
80) that the system of mutual instruc-
tion, whether denominated Bell's or
Lancaster's, was first made known in
Europe by him. (Viaggi« torn. ii.
Roma, 1650,1663.)
I have not made any particular allu-
sion to Mr. Hallam's first volume,
which had so long preceded the others ;
because, as I have remarked, it had
received his own and other correc-
tions ; but the passage, (page 5/8,)
where he quotes Mr. Panizzi's words
descriptive of the ingenuity with which
the poet Berni finds a resemblance be-
tween distant objects, and the solemn
manner in which he either alludes to
ludicrous events, or utters absurdities,
while the loftiness of the verse con-
trasts with the frivolity of the argu-
ment, reminds me of the lines, by
many, and for a long time, supposed
to be Ariosto's.
"II pover hnomo, che non s'en era accorto,
Andava combattendo, ed era morto."
Indeed, the thought and expression
Ro much resemble Ariosto's that the
ifiisapplication was natural ; and they
were taken for his until their real source
was discovered by M. La Monnoie, in
Herni's Orlando Inamorato, (poema di
Huiardo, rifatto dal Bernia,) lib. ii.
canto 24, where, however, the first line
is,
" Cofi colui del colpo non accorto,"
which is more correct ; for, as prcced-
in^ly given, there is a redundant syl-
lable. (Menagiana, tome iii.)
Both these poets habitually, perhaps
unconsciously, lapse into the extrava-
gant in their efforts at effect, as my
own countrymen are charged with
doing in oratory, or, like the hero of
Lucretius,
'* confringere ut arcta
Natura .... portamm daustra cupirent."
1. 72.
But the flights of Berni generally
transcend even those of the brilliant
fancy, which, in luxuriant indulgence,
eould disport with, and so delightfully
blend, such heterogeneous rudiment!
of song as
'* Le donne, i cavalier, Tarme, gli amori,
Le cortesie, I'audaci imprese/' &c.
No doubt, whatever one attempts,
he should endeavour to excel in ; and
so far, Ugo Foscolo may be justified
in preferring, as Mr. Hallam heard him
assert, Berni to Ariosto, when the
bounds of reason are no longer those
of taste, and the hyperbolical is viewed
as sublime. Tasso, too, rather over-
leaps the demarcations of nature, when
he says,
** Mk ben pii6 nulla, chi mori non puote,"
which he was so happy to borrow, un-
acknowledged, as has been remarked
by his commentators, from Petrarch's
" Che ben pa6 nulla, chi non pu6 morire.'*
To all which we may justly apply
the words of their own countrymen,
" Questo h bizarramente pensato."
Still, as science has gained by the de-
lirious fancies of Alchemysts, so^
"Evenitnonnunquam ut aliquid graode
inveniat qui semper quserit quod ni-
mium est." (Qumtilian, lib. ii. cap.
1 2) ; and truly great are the Italian
poets, when they can discard their be-
setting sin — ^the far-fetched concetti.
The historian Livy, in the outset of
his noble enterprise, entertains some
doubt,* whether in fruit and execution,
it would compensate the expended
toil, and accomplish its destined bene-
ficial purpose — a doubt long since re-
solved by the consentient admiration
of ages. But Mr. Hallam, at the
termination of his extended labours,
and, already cheered, in their course,
by the approving suffrage of the pub-
lic, may well and authorizedly assume,
as he does, in graceful modesty of
language and conscious claim of right,
" that he has contributed something
to the general literature of his country,
something to the honourable estimate
of his own name, and to the inherit-
ance of those, to whom he will have
to bequeath it," a trust and legitimate
anticipation, which the gratitude of
deeply indebted generations cannot fail
to afiirm and realize.
Yours, kc, J. R.
* " Pactumsae opera pretium sim . . . nee satis scio ; nee si iciain dicere ausim,"
are the hesitating expreisions of his protfmium, well rendered by the German, " Ob
ich mir Beyfall versprecben darf, ob ich eine nOxliche Arbeit untemehme/' &c.
Gent. Mao. Vol. XIII. 2 L
258
The Reception of the TAdentine Decrees*
[Starch^
Mr. Uabax, Feb. 10.
' YOUR correspondent J. R. in p. 143
has mentioned my " Introduction to the
Literary History of the 15th, 1 6th, and
l7thCenturies"intermsofsucheulogy,
as call for my warmest expressions of
acknowledgment, though I fear that
the praise will appear excessive to most
of your readers. The criticisms of so
favourable a censor carry with them a
presumption of being well founded,
especially when supported by so co-
pious a display of authorities as we
find in those of your correspondent.
I am nevertheless under the necessity
of defending myself against one which
he has made on a passage in my work
relating to the Council of Trent.
After quoting this passage (vol. ii.
p. 99)i which I shall not here insert
afresh, he observes that
" Our author obviously confounds the
civil and spiritual jurisdictioDs ; for the ex •
captions to the recognition of the Council
adverted to by him, exclusively referred
to points of discipline which were supposed
to encroach on the royal prerogative or
local immunities, and never, as I shall
have little difficulty in evincing, to rules
of faith over which the civil power could
exercise no control. In France and
Hungary it is true that no royal edict, as
in Spain, and most other Catholic territo-
ries, enjoined the reception of the Council ;
but the ecclesiastical body universally and
explicitly, there as elsewhere, on every
competent occasion, recorded their uni-
versal submission to the decision of the
Council in matters of faith.*'
If I had really confounded the civil
and spiritual jurisdictions, or, what
seems more strictly your correspon-
dent's meaning, theological doctrine
with ecclesiastical discipline, it would
have been a proof of much carelessness
or confusion of ideas. But I must
observe, that in his quotation from
my work, he has overlooked some
important words, which may perhaps
reclaim me, in the eyes of your readers,
from part of this charge. The most
material sentence is the following :
"Even in France the Tridentine de-
crees, in matten of faith, have not been
formally received, though the Gallican
rhurch has never called any of them in
question ; thotte relating to matters qf
discipline are distinctly held not obli-
gatory,'*
The words in italics are all omitted
in your correspondent's quotation*
The above sentence contains three
assertions of fact. To the first and
third I do not perceive that any ob-
jection can be taken. In the Appendix
to Courayer's translation of Father
Paul's History of the Council of Trent»
we have an elaborate "Discours His-
torique sur la Reception de ce Concile,
particuli^rement en France." It ap-
pears by this, that, though the French
clergy made strenuous efforts for half
a century to obtain the formal reception
of the Council by royal authority, these
proved unavailing. It is certainly true
that the resistance was solely on ac-
count of " points of discipline which
were supposed to encroach on the
royal prerogative or local immani-
ties." Still, as no part of the decrees
of the Council was formally received,
my proposition remains correct, though
not of much importance. That those
decrees which relate to discipline were
not held obligatory in France, is, as I
presume, an established and notorious
fact.
It is, I admit, possible that my se-
cond proposition in the above sentence,
namely, that the Gallican church has
never called any of them (the decrees
of the Council in matters of faith) in
question, may convey something less
than the truth to the mind of a reader
unacquainted with the subject. The
expression might seem to refer only to
the Gallican church in its collective
capacity. But I never designed to
throw any doubt upon what your
correspondent has been anxious to set
in a true light, that upon all occasions
that church, through its particular
members, has recognized the Triden-
tine determinations in articles of faith
as those of a legitimate general Council.
Perhaps the first part of the following
passage from Courayer will come up
to J. R.'s opinion.
** Ce que je viens de rapporter dcs
oppositions que la publication du Concile,
a eues tk essuyer en France, ne regmrde que
les decrets de discipline. Car en matiere
de doctrine il n'en a pas ^t^ tout ik fait
ainsi. Quoiqu*ii cet ^gard mAme le ConcUe
n'a jamais dt^ re9u par les Fr8n9ais dims
les formes, il est certain n^anmoins q«*il
y est accept^ tadtement, aoit pan
dans toutes les disputes qui s'y
1840.]
The Consultation ofCassander.
259
6ley6est l^on y a toujours pris ses deci-
sions pour regie; soit parceque la pro-
fession de foi de Pic IV, y a H6 adoptee
par tous les ev^ques ; soit enfin parceque
les prelats de ce royaume, soit dans leurs
Conciles provinciaux ou diocesains, soit
dans les assemblies du clerg^, ont tou-
jours fait profession de se soumettre k sa
doctrine, et que dans les oppositions m^me
que les ^tats ou les parlemens du royaume
ont fornixes k Tacceptation de ce Concile
ils ont toujours declare qu'ils embras-
soicnt la foi contenue dans ses d<;crets,
com me on le voit dans la r^ponse que fit
le President Miron au nom du Tiers
Etat dans les ^tats de 1615. Cette ac-
ceptation, que j^appelle tacite, parce-
qu'elle n*est point faite selon les formes or-
dinaires, c'est-k-dire, par Pautorit^ du
prince et I'enregistrement des cours souve-
raines, n*a pas emp^h^ le clerg<^ de
faire regarder la doctrine du Concile
comme une des loix du royaume, quoique
pcut-(}tre a cet <^'gard m^me il efiit autant
besoin de modifications qu'^ P^gard des
drcrets de discipline. En effet s*il est
Trai, comme Pobserve M, Simon, que
cette doctrine est re9ue en France non a
cause de Pautorite du Concile, mais parce-
quVlle etoit re9ue dans tout Ic royaume
avant que les <!:vOques s'assemblassent k
Trentc, il resulte par une consequence
nrccssaire, que ce qui n'^toit point re9tt
alors n'a pas plus de force qu'il en avoit,
puisque Pautorite du Concile ne lui en
(lonne aucunc. Or ce ne seroit pas une
ehoAc difficile k prouTcr, ou qu'avant le
Concile on pensoit en France d'une ma-
iiicrc differcnte sur quelques articles, ou
du moins qu'on y disputoit librement, et
qu'on n*y regardoit point comme articles
dc foi Irs opinions qui ont dtes donnc'ea
pour des dogmes dans le Concile, et
qu'ainsi on doit toujours avoir sur cela la
mrmc liberie dc penser. C'est ce que
plusieur5 theologiens regarderont peut-^tre
rommc une h<''r(''sie digne d'anath<!'me ;
main qui est pourtant une consequence du
fait auparavant demontre,que le Concile de
Trentc n'a jamais H6 rt<^ selon les
formes ordinaires ni quant k la discipline
ni quant k la doctrine." — Hitt. du C(mc.
de Trentet vol. u, p. (JlMi, Londret, 1736.
I do not expect J. R. to concur in
the latter part of this paragraph from
Couraycr, nor do I pretend that one
so far removed from the standard of
orthodoxy in the Gallican church can
be quoted as an authority for the sen-
timcnta of anv but himself. Yet
Dupin, in his famous correspondence
with Archbishop Wake, seems not to
coosider the poiaU of differeoce to b«
irrevocably settled, and, in his remarks
on the articles of our church, never
refers to any decision of the Tridcn-
tine Council. Dapin, however, is but
one man ; and in general there can be
no doubt, as I have already acknow-
ledged, that the church of Fmnce has
fully submitted to the decrees of the
Council in matters of faith.
Your correspondent's communica-
tion on this subject not being closed
in vour last number, 1 do not know
what notice he designs to take of the
remaining part of the passage which
he has done me the honour to quote,
wherein I advert to the conduct of the
Emperor Ferdinand in referring the
whole controversy between the church
of Rome and the members of the
Augsburg Confession to the judgment
of Cassander ; and upon which, as
may be perceived by the words,
" even in France," I laid more stress
than on any thing that occurred in the
latter country. As I am desirous not
again to trespass on your patience, I
will with your permission quote a
passage from Thranus, lib. xxxvi. in
justification of my suggestion that the
Emperor " seems to have hesitated
about acknowledging the decisions of
a Council which had at least failed in
the object for which it was professedly
summoned, the conciliation of all par-
ties to the church." I quote it as pre-
fixed to the Consultatio Cassandri, in
the folio edition of his Works, Paria^
1616.
" Cum videret (Ferdinandus), concilio
Tridentino jam ad exitum perducto, quan-
tum ad Germaniara et suk ditionis popu-
los parum perfectum, seroque animadver-
terct, sibi a Cardinal! Morono verba data*
quo a postulatis suis ctjcommunibus cum
rege Gallise initis consUiis discederet,
quod ab alienft ope tantis malis subsidium
frustra expectaverat, a propriis sibi su-
mendam existimavit, et Maximiliani filii
nptimi juxtA ac prudentissimi principia
consilio usus de controversis confessionit
Augustante articulis amict^ conciliandia
serio cogitare ciepit ; qua in re Georgii
Cassandri viri optimi ac doctissimi qui
Duisburgi tunc erat, opera uti volnit. Is
ad cxactissimam rerum sacrarum scien-
tiam summum animi candorem ac mode-
rationcm addidcrat, et in cognoscendis
httjus Kvi controversiis, rationibusque,
qoibus hiec temi)estas utcuuque sedari, et
ne migor distractio et diiaceratio ia
260
Order of the Pnhlkattwi of Shakespear^s Plays. [Mardi,
ecclesiA fiat, occurri possit, conqnirendis
omne vits spatium contriyerat,*' &o.
I do not give the rest of the pas-
sage ; but it will be found to repeat
and confirm what has been already
extracted. It is true that the Emperor's
aim was to reconcile the Lutherans of
Germany who would not acknowledge
the Council of Trent. But if Cassander
was only to repeat, even in other
words, the decrees of that body, what
reasonable hope was there of making
these Lutherans more tractable ? And
accordingly we find both by his letter
to the £mperor, prefixed to the Con-
sultation and by the whole tenor of
that work, that he considered the
points in controversy as still open
questions, which a Catholic might in-
vestigate according to Scripture, and
the primitive church. The Council is
tacitly set aside throughout ; and I am
not sure that he does not sometimes
maintain tenets incompatible with
some of its determinations. The Con-
sultation of Cassander was delivered,
after the death of Ferdinand in 1564,
to his son and successor Maximi-
lian IL
Your correspondent observes, p.
147, that " a departure or dissent
from the decrees of the Council would
necessarily involve a lapse into schism,
and a severance of Catholic unity." I
admit that, on Roman Catholic prin-
ciples, this is true at the present day.
But I would ask, with deference to
J. R.'s greater familiarity with these
subjects, whether the recognition of
a Council by the whole Church be not,
on the same principles, the test of its
oecumenicity. And for this recogni-
tion some short time at least must be
required. No Council, as he must be
aware, has ever been either a full or a
proportional representation of the uni-
versal church ; and at Trent in particular,
the number of prelates by whom many
important decrees were made, appears
to have been inconsiderable. This has
often been urged by Protestants ; and
the reply, as I presume, would be that,
the Church having acknowledged their
authority by its submission, they must
be deemed to be of as much validity as
if every prelate had been personally
present. The only doubt which 1
started was as to the period antecedent
to that general acquiescence of the
Church of Rome ; and bo ftr at leMt
as the Emperor Ferdinand is cfm«
cerned, I venture to hope that mf Ian-
guage will be thought not to go beyond
the strict letter of truth.
Yours, 3cc. Hsnby Hallam •
2, Great Newport St.
Mr. UasAN, Feb. 4.
IN justice to Mr. Knight, the editor
of the " Pictorial Shakspere/' 1 feel
myself called upon to notice a miatake
of Mr. Hunter m the letter which he
has recently addressed to you.
Mr. Knight in a note on his Intro-
duction to the Plav of Henry V. has
been pleased to acknowledge a trifling
suggestion of mine (which he has
worked out with great industry and
discrimination to a very satisfactory
result), regarding the publication of the
original editions of Shakespeare's plays.
Mr. Hunter> from mistakmg the pur-
port of that note, appears to consider
the " Pictorial Shakspere " to be a
joint labour of Mr. Knight and my-
self. I now most explicitly declare
that I have not, nor ever had, any
connection with Mr. Knight in thiit
publication, nor have I supplied to
him any help whatever beyond the
suggestion for the discussion of the
question he has there entered into, a
paper which I had sketched out on
the scenery of the Tempest, and a few
proposed verbal emendations; and
these not as the contribution of a
joint-editor, but merely as hints fbr
his consideration.
With respect to the particular point
I allude to in Mr. Hunter's letter, his
observation that Mr. Knight and
myself have changed our o[^inion
about the date of the composition of
the Tempest, I beg to say that 1 bttve
never had any conversation with Mr.
Knight on the subject, beyond ex-
pressing my belief that it is one of
the author's later works, and aldioueh I
cannot but own that Mr. Hunter by nis
disquisition has somewhat shaken tiuU
conviction, I am not yet altogether
prepared to give it up. At the risk of
being thought tedious, I will re-slate
the subject of my suggestion to Mr.
Knight, acknowledged by him in his In-
troduction to Henry V., — particularly
as it strikes rae that some curkws dt«
ductions may be drawn from it. My
questions to Mr. Knight were^-^Did
1 840.] The Quarto EdHiom of Shakespeare's Playi.
S61
Shakespeare publish any of his own
works ? Is there any proof of his so
doing, and which were they ? These
questions were accompanied by some
trifiing hints on the subject, with a
desire that he would examine it fully.
It appears by the extracts from tne
books of the Stationers' Company,
given by Herbert in his edition of
Ames's Typographical Antiquities, that
that body exercised towards its several
members, which included all the pub-
lishers and booksellers of the period,
the same function which is now con-
sidcred to be lodged exclusively in the
Court of Chancery, and that it visited
by fine and ** stay," that is, by dis-
atluwing of a particular book to be
published, any infringement of copy-
right ; and that, trifling as was the
sum paid at that time for copyright,
and few as were the numbers of a book
then vended compared with the sale
of modern times, the proprietors were
as jealous of their copies, and guarded
them as tenaciously, as the publishers
of the present day, when the value of
literary property is increased, on an
average, perhaps, five hundred fold.
Now, on looking over the list of the
early editions of Shakespeare's plays as
they originally came out in 4to., it will
be seen that several of them were put
forth by the same publishers, and that
these parties retained their right in
them down to the publication of the
first collected edition in folio, 1623, in
some cases a period of twenty- five
years. It is evident, therefore, that
these publishers derived their right
either immediately from the author, or
from some person to whom he had de-
legated it. My belief is, that he him-
self saw some of them throu^^h the
press ; and, as confirmatory of this opi-
nion, I can state that several of those
so published are remarkably correct in
the typographical execution, so much
so that I have collated more than one
without discovering an error. Mr.
Knight, who has carefully examined
this subject, has come to the conclusion
that nine of the early editions in A to. pre-
vioHt to the folio of 1623, tcere publithed
hy the author, or with his consent ; and
to these nine may be added the two
poems. Venus and Adonis, and Lucrecc,
the first editions of which are moet
correctly printed^ etch of them having
a dedication prefixed to it, another
confirmatory proof that they were
published by the author.
On the publication of the first col-
lected edition of the author's works,
in 1623, the plays not previously
entered on the Stationers' books aa
the property of any individual, or
partners, are entered as the property
of the publishers of that edition, " as
many of the said copies as are not
formerly entered to other men ; " and
the titles of the newly published playa
are particularized. Here then is a
distinct acknowledgment of a legal
proprietorship. The important fact I
deduce from this examination is, that
the plays have come down to us with-
out those interpolations which some
critics would fain make us believe have
been foisted in by the players, his
fellows ; in vindication of whose in-
tegrity we have those prior editions,
besides their own express declaration
"that we have scarce received from
him a blot in his papers ; " for the
veracity of which declaration we have
the remarkable words of Jonson, that
" he wished he had blotted a thoa-
sand," in which I for one do not join,
notwithstanding my respect for " rare
Ben. " We have also the great in-
ternal proof of the master-mind per-
vading the whole composition of a
play, and speaking in all its characters.
1 refer mere particularly to the inferior
characters, from whose mouths the
interpolations are said to proceed.
Who, for instance, can abstract the
character of the fool from Lear with*
out despoiling the play of one of its
most important characters, and mate-
rially injuring its catastrophe, to which
every speech from his mouth contri-
butes ? Again : the misconceptions of
Dogberry and Verges, leading to the
apprehension ofConrad and fiorrachio^
involve the catastrophe of Much Ado
about Nothing. The waggeries of
Launcelot Gobbo may be by such
critics considered interpolatiqns, yet
one line from the mouth of Jessica not
only assures us that we are reading the
words of the poet, but gives us the
clearest insight into the character of
Shy lock ; and when she says to Laun-
celot, " thou art a merry devil in this
hell," she lets us at once into all the
economy of the Jew's householdp
262
The Orthography of Shakespeare^ 8 Name*
[Mfirdi,
speaking a volame in a line, — one of
those touches peculiar to the hand of
a great master, and so conspicuous in
the works of Shakespeare.
But, although I am assured in my
own mind that there are no interpo-
lations of characters and speeches, I
do not feel equally satisfied that the
entire text has in all cases come down
to us, many of the plays appearing to
be printed from what are technically
called cuts, that is to say, with those
parts omitted which were left out in
representation, and hence the obscuri-
ties and perplexities of the text that
sometimes encounter us. The dis-
cussion of this point, however, re-
quires a long and patient investigation,
and is a subject worthy the employ-
ment of a superior pen. I will only
call attention to the fact, that several
of the plays are in extent more than a
third, as compared with the others,
and that among those short ones we
find Pericles, to which Mr. Collier in
his recently published Farther Parti-
culart regarding theworJcs of Shakespeare
has successfully retrieved several lines
from a contemporaneous prose narra-
tive founded on the play.
Another point, as appears to me,
may be elucidated by the early edi-
tions,— I mean the pronunciation, if
not the orthography, of the poet's
name. In all the early 4tos. with two
exceptions, the name is spelt Shake-
speare. The two exceptions are. Love's
Labour Lost, 1598, in which it is
Shakegpere, and the first edition of
Lear, 1608, in which it stands Shak-
speare, a hyphen being placed between
the syllables, as is also the case in se-
veral other of these early editions.
In the writings of his contemporaries,
those who speak of him always spell
the name Shakespeare, and as several
of these, as Jonson, Drayton, Meres,
and John Davies of Hereford, were
his personal friends, we may rest
confidently assured that his name was
pronounced by himself Shakespeare,
howsoever he may have written it,
since we know from every day ex-
perience that names whose orthography
we are unacquainted with are set down
by us from the pronunciation.
I would suggest that in all future
controversy on this much disputed
point the only reference be to the
will, until some other unquestion-
able document be discoTered. Of
the two deeds so often referred to
as being discovered by Mr. Albany
Wall is, nothing is now known; and
after what has come to our knowledge
respecting the deplorable ignorance of
most of the literati of this country
during the latter part of the last century
in all matters of palaeography, little
reliance can be placed in their critical
skill, whatever credit may be due to
their integrity. I have onl^ further
to add, that I yesterday again inspected
the will, in company wiUi the Rer. A.
Dyce, and that, after a most patient
and minute examination of the signa-
tures attached to that document by the
aid of a powerful magnifying glass*
we both felt perfectly convinced that
it is written, in each instance, Shak^
speare, the contested a in the second
syllable being, in fact, as clear and
well defined as any letter therein.
Yours, &c. Thos. Rood.
British MueeuM,
Mr. Urban, Feb, 15.
IN consequence of the papers which
have appeared in the last two numbers
of your Magazine, on the subject of
the orthography of Shakspere'e name*
I am induced to offer a few supple-
mentary remarks. I might, indeed*
be content to let the question rest based
on the arguments advanced by Mr.
Bruce; but some would then, perhaps,
think I was either indifferent to the
result, or doubtful of the validity of the
cause I have engaged in. Neither is
the case. The point at issue seems
to mc to be reducible to this brief pro-
position :
1st, Ought we to be guided by the
variable authority of the press and the
small wit of some pointless puns i or,
2dly, Shall we adopt the unvarying
evidence furnished to us by the hand
of the Dramatic Bard himself?
Mr. Hunter tells us, that the rule
should be " the usage of persons of
cultivation." But what ruU is this«
at a period when we are assured by the
same writer that the utmost indtfier-
cncc existed in regard to it ? Even in
our own times whose authority are we
to follow in the observance of such a
rule ? With the exception of half a
dozen persons, all the world wioli
1 840.] Orihography of Shakiptr^^RaUghr^BurgJdey.
263
SJiakipeare, until the "Observations"
on his autograph appeared* and 1 find
Mr. Hunter himself (unless the printer
has here, too, played the part of cor-
rector),at one time ^xiHugShakspeare*
and at another Shakespear,\ although
he now contends that neither is cor-
rect ! In fact, when I undertook, at
the request of my friend Mr. Barn-
well, to write the remarks on Shak-
spere's copy of Montaigne, it was
chiefly against the popular form of
Shaktpeare those remarks were direct-
ed ; for I never anticipated that Mr.
D' Israeli's loyal pen would so sud-
denly have been seized in vindication
of what he calls " the genuine name."
But this flourish of the quill, even by
80 distinguished a writer as the author
of the Curiositiet of Literature, will
certainly not be sufficient to set aside
the poet's own signatures ; and with
all the respect I bear to " such men "
at Collier, Dyce, and Hunter, 1 doubt
not that Shaktpere will maintain its
ground against all comers. But Mr.
Hunter cries out it is unsightly! To
my eye, I confess, the unsightliness
lies in the superabundant vowels.
Surely the simple Saxon spere is en-
titled to as much respect as the speare
of the I4th century ? Supposing our
great dramatic bard were to burst his
cerements, and again, in the presence
of these critics, were to trace his name
S,h,a,k,i,p,e,r,e, would Mr. Hunter be
hardy enough to tell him it was unsight-
ly, or Mr. D'Israeli contemptuously
reproach him with the " barbaric curt
Mhock " of so honoured an autograph ?
I can scarcely believe it.
But let us revert to two other cases
in point, the names of Ralegh and
liurghley. The insufficiency of the
rule appealed to by Mr. Hunter is in
the first instance evident, and even
Mr. D'Israeli owns he is "uncertain
how to write it. "J He does, never-
theless, write it Rawleigh ; whereas
('oilier. Hunter, Lodge, and a host of
• Who wrote Cavendish's Life qf WoU
tfy .' in Singer's edit, of the Life, 8vo.
Ix>Dd. 1825, p. x:ixi. and Life qf Sir
Thomas More, etc. edited by the Rev.
Jot. Hanter, 8to. Lend. 1828, p. 'irA, n,
t Advertisement appended to Three
Catalogues, tie. 8vo. Lond. 1838.
: Curios, qfLit, vol. iii. p. 221, ed.
1817. There is no later edition ia the
British MuKum.
inferior authors write it Raleigh, Both
parties may refer to precedent or usage,
and how are we then to decide ? Most
unquestionably by recurring to his
own autograph. This is, however,
said to vary also, and probably might,
at an early period of life ; but in all the
original letters I have ever seen, and
I take the liberty of adding, by far the
largest portion that exists, the name is
uniformly spelt Ralegh. It is there-
fore, according to my argument, on the
justest grounds, that Cayley, the editor
of the Life of Sir Walter, published in
4to. 1805, returns to the autographical
form of Ralegh ; a form, I am rejoiced
to observe, which has been followed in
the Oxford reprint of his works in
1829. Is this unsightly ? Is this har»
baric?
Again, in the case of Burghley. The
form to be met with in every work, I
believe, till within the last twenty
years, was Burleigh, and Mr. D'Israeli
and Mr. Dyce (not to mention many
others) have sanctioned it by their
usage, Mr. Hunter, however, and Mr.
Collier — deserting here the Shake-
speare band — had seen too many
genuine autographs of Elizabeth's great
statesman not to know that he himself
invariably wrote Burghley, and they
judiciously adopt the genuine form.
Will Mr. Hunter in this instance set
up the usage of persons of cultivation
against the autograph of the individual ?
If so, I must beg to refer him to the
fac-simile of a warrant prefixed to the
second volume of Wright's Queen Eliitt'"
heth and her Times, 8vo. 1838, where
we find the name has been written by
the clerk in the popular form of Bur-
leigh, but the Lord Treasurer has struck
his pen through the obnoxious ortho-
graphy, and inscribed above Burghley.
Now I maintain that on the authority
of this single document, all the varia-
tions made by all the printers and
punsters (could they pun on such a
name) from the reign of Queen Eliza-
beth to the present time, might fear-
lessly be set at nought.
Yours, &c. F. Maddbn.
P. S. As I am in much perplexity
how to write the name of the great
Reformer of Lutterworth, one of the
earliest translators of the Bible into
our vernacular tongue, and as the usage
of persons of cultivation only tends to
confuse me, I ihoold feel exceedingly
264
'< Shalapeare'* ihi neetved OrtlogiHiphg tri
[Miieh,
obliged to any of your readers to pro-
duce me «i« genuine autographi of this
individual, that 1 may hereafter be
able to follow some standard in writing
his name.
I HAVE read with considerable in-
terest what has been lately written on
the subject of the proper mode of
spelling Shakspeare's name ; and,
being of opinion that Mr. Bruce has
by no means settled the question,
though he has discussed it very plea-
santly, I have to beg that you will
give insertion to the following remarks
on the same subject.
To persons who have never consi-
dered the matter, it may seem the
height of presumption in any one to
persevere in spelling Shakspeare's
name as I spell it, ader the discovery
of a beautiful autograph of the poet,
in which the name is clearly written
Shalcspere, I feel persuaded, however,
that there is no impropriety, much
less presumption, in the case ; but, on
the contrary, that the impropriety, and
certainly the inconsistency, rests with
those who omit the letter a in the se-
cond syllable.
A few preliminary words are due to
Mr. Bruce. lie has very satisfac-
torily disposed of some of the argu-
ments which have been adduced in
favour of the received orthography of
the poet's name ; but, on a reconside-
ration of the matter, it will be per-
ceived that not one of the arguments
with which he has dealt so success-
fully is of any real weight or value in
deciding the question at issue. I will
briefly follow him : 1 . Whether one
word sounds prettier than another is
absolutely quite foreign to the point ;
(to say nothing of the identity, as far
as the ear is concerned, of spere, spear,
and speare.) 2. No argument as to
the orthography of a name can of
course be derived from the arms ; since
it may very reasonably be suspected
that the herald whose duty it was to
invent a coat-of-arms for John, the
poet's father, having no traditional
bearings to guide him, was driven to
the not uncommon expedient of seek-
ing a meaning in the name itself. 3.
The spelling casually adopted by prin-
ters in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth
5
and King James, is clearlj no mifl-
cient autiiority. 4. Equally valuelMt
in deciding the question of orthogra-
phy must the usage of jNinsteri be
confessed to be. But, nirtfaer tham
this, I cannot go with Mr. Bmoa.
There remains another •muneiit^
which does affect the q[Oeraon; or
rather, which sets the questioa at rest ;
and with this argument, in my humble
opinion, Mr. Bruce haa dealt leee
successfully. What that argument it,
I will immediately state.
The syllogism on which thoae who
advocate the adoption of SAdbpere
proceed, is evidently this. The poet
invariably wrote nimself " 8hali*
spere ;" — names are to be spelt as their
owners invariably spelt them i there-
fore, " Shakspeare" is to be spelt
Shalcspere: and this would be all very
well, and very conclusive, if ii wire
true ; but it is not true. The premises
are unsound from which the conelo-
sion is drawn. In the first place, there
is no proof that Shakspeare invariaUy
spelt his name Shakspere, as I will
presently more fully explain ; and in
the second place, we do not spell
names as their owners invariably spelt
them. For the moment, however, we
will concede the first point i and as-
sume for the sake of argument that
Shakspeare did, on all occasions, write
himself Shakspere.
I say then, we do not spell old
names as their owners spelt them.
We never inquire how they were spdt
by their owners. We spell them,
as our fathers spelt them: and give
ourselves no further concern od the
subject. Nay, when well -educated
men, and general usage, and, above
all, when carefuUy printed books have
established any mode of orthography,
we hold it to be affected, and pwiantic,
and so forth, to depart from precedent,
and introduce an innovation. What,
for instance, would be thought of a
person who chose to spell Sir William
Cecil, Cedll Yet did Queen Elisa-
beth's prime minister imoariahhf adopt
that mode of orthography. Asain, Sir
John Mason invariably spelt £is name
Masone; Lords Cromwell and Monta-
gue, write Crumwell and Mountogue ;
Sir William Pickering, Pffkerfmg s Sir
ngfMi
Anthony Wingfield, Wpngft^,
John Mordaunt, Mordwste ; whUa the
Earls of Pembroke, Leicester* Shmvi*
1840.] '' SiMhpeare** tie reeriveiOrtkdgrapig prntttetUid.
2»
bury, &c. &c. were Pmbrokt, Lffcm'
ter, Skreweabmrf, and to on. These
men, be it obienred, were not obscure,
or illiterate. They were privy coun-
sellors, prime ministers, and ambassa-
dors ; and Cecil, in particular, was ex-
tremely nice on the subject of ortho-
graphy. I abstain from citing poets
and players, — Shakspeare's friend
Barbage for example, the Garrick of
his day, who wrote himself as nobody
writes him, Burbadg; and the poet
Daniel, who wrote himself IMmjfei,
The preceding catalogue might be
swelled out to an amazing extent ; but
I am drawing upon the stores of my
memory, instead of rummaging among
MSS. What are we to do when a
man spelt his name two different ways,
as Dryden and Raleigh did ? What is
to be done, when, as in the noble fa-
mily of Grey, one member wrote him-
self Orey, another Gray, and a third
Graye. I do not ask the question be-
cause I am in want o' an answer. We
all know what is to be done on such
occasions ; and indeed on- every occa-
sion, when a doubt ia entertained as
to the right way of spelling a proper
name, we adopt that mode of ortho-
graphy which has been sanctioned by
the practice of the miyority of culti-
vated, well-educated persons. Now
the universal voice of " all Europe and
a part of Asia" is in favour of an a
in the second syllable of Shakspeare's
name.
I suspect, and cannot suppose that
I err in suspecting, that Mr. Bruce,
and those who entertain the same
opinion as himself, must hence-
forth adopt one of the three following
courses: 1st, return to Shakspeare,
which is of two hundred and fifty yeara
standing ; or, 2dly, stick to Skakiptn,
in defiMice of consistency; or, 3dly,
be consistent, and revolotiooize the
whole system oforthography of proper
names. The third woold be an im-
practicable, besides a very disagreeable
alternative ; the second etamoi &•
adopted wiihoui fMM^ftH imeoim$ienejf,
1 therefore beg leave to recommend
the first alternative*
Here I might leave off; but I cannot
conclude this letter without requesting
those gentlemen who feel interested In
the question to bear in mind the fol-
lowing circumstances : 1. Wthave, or
to spnk more eorreetly we k&i, m
Gbnt. Ma«. Vol. Xlll.
autographs of Shakspeare. Tlirea of
these, (now considerably damaged,)
are attached to the same document,—
his will, executed in March, lOlO.
Two proceeded from his pen in Mardi,
1013; and the autograph in the Britbli
Museum, which has no date, is the
sixth. Now, it is manifost that the
three signatures consecutively sub-
scribed to the three pages of the poet'a
will, are entitled to only one wote on the
present occasion. The two next auto*
graphs have disappeared ! but one of
them exhibited a contraction, thua,
Skakipiri and the other was atUl
more unsatisfactory, for it was not
even Shaigpiri it was Skakipe, wiUi
some little stroke or letter over the e.
Malone thought that this little letter
was an e, but when he wanted to
verify the fact, the document was lost !
Nobody can feel more concerned than
I feel at the scarcity of the poet's
writing, and the unsatisfactory nature
of the evidence we possess on the sub*
ject of his antograpn ; but, to the best
of my belief, the facta are as 1 have
stated them. And, let me ask, what
kind of proof have we here that it wae
the MiMirte6le practice of the post to
write hie name Skahpenf we do
not possess, as far as we know, a single
scratch of his pen during the whole
of his theatrical career : namely, firom
about 1585 to 1613. In odier worda
there exists no proqf isAeltoevtr of the
asserted uniformity of his practice ia
this particular during the first forty*
nine years of his life 1 1 1
3. But there dbet exist,— HMt abso*
lute l^roof indeed, — but evidence of a
very high order, that Shakspeare waa
no/ uniform in his mode of spelling hie
own name : for, in 1593, hepoblished
> a poem, " the first heir of his inven*
tion ;" and, in 1594, his second pocoa
appeared. Both poems were preceded
by an ''Epistle dedicatory;" both
epistles were addressed to the same
nobleman ; both are subscribed by the
poet ; and la both tnt/oacet his nameia
printed William SHAKBSPBAaB. I
am prepared to make every allowance
for the inaccuracy of printers and pob-
lishers ; but I cannot suppose, I will
not be persuaded, that on two separate
occasions, after the interval of a year,
such exemplary consistnicy in error,
such marvellous aptitude at nlsappfe*
henaion. sihoiild have been Banimafesd
iM
266
'' Shalapiart ' * the Yieehei OHhogtapky vhiHeaiei. [if aieb,
by any printer whatsoever. It has
never yet been doubted that the two
dedications to which I allude, were
written by Shakspeare himself; nor do
I see the slightest grounds for sup-
posing that he was not their author.
I feel confident that no one will wish
to impeach the authenticity of these
two interesting little compositions ; and
are we not to presume that they were
printed from the poet's own MS. ? If
so, why should we giye the printer
credit for such gratuitous ingenuity as
to suppose that he took the trouble to
insert two vowels into, a name which
may be very easily read, written, and
pronounced without either? I do
confidently believe that Shakspeare
signed the dedications in question
Shakespeare. Not much reliance, it is
true, could have been placed in a single
specimen ; but we have two ; and if the
poet objected to the printer's method
of spelling his name in the first in-
stance, would he not have remonstrated
when the same poem came to a second
edition? or have cautioned the pub*
lisher of his second poem against the
mistake which had been made by the
publisher of his former work ?
3. The discovery of a single auto-
graph proof that the poet spelt his name
Shakespeare, as there is such good
reason to believe that he did spell it in
the two printed documents just cited,
would destroy the only argument (un-
sound as it is) which has been adduced
in favour of spelling it Shakspere,
4. There was no " coxcombry and
affectation " in the practice of Shak-
speare's age of spelling the same name
in two different ways ; and Mr. Bruce
is too learned an antiquary to suppose
that such was the case. The truth is,
men were wholly indifferent about the •
matter.
5. It is true that the parish-clerk
spelt the name of the poet's family in
the parish-register Shakspere, twenty-
seven times out of thirty ; but, Shaks-
peare's beloved daughter, and her
husband. Dr. Hall, who certainly
raised the monument to the bard (being
his executors) and who may be safely
presumed to have known at least as
much about the matter as the parish-
clerk, spelt his name on his monu-
ment as / spell it, Shakspearb. If
her immortal father had ever hinted his
dislike to this mode of orthography, I
feel persuaded that it would not lisVe
been adopted. This was in 1610. In
1623 died the poet's wife; and her
name is spelt on her tomb Shaketpeare,
and we meet with the same orihogim*
phy of the name on the tomb of Dr.
Hsdl in 1636, and that of hU wife
(Shakspeare's daughter) in 1649*
6. His friends, the players, who as*
sociated with him daily, shared hb
fortunes, and knew his autograph
better than anybody, and who mutt
therefore be regarded as some sliaht
authority, in the first edition of hit
plays, printed seven years after his
death, call him « Mr. William Shake*
speare,*'
7. It must be confessed to be rtUker
an odd thing that the printers of the
sonnets, the poems, and the old quarto
plays, should have been, as it were, in
league together on all occasions to
mis-spell the name of Shakspeare;
that no stray printer's devil should,
by any chance on any stray title ptge,
have once blundered it into " Shaks-
pere," during the poet's own lifetime.
8 . Still more odd must it be admitted
to be, that into this league or con-
spiracy should have fallen att Shake-
speare's contemporaries and friends,-*
Jonson, Camden, Dugdale, — every one
in short who knew him, and may be
supposed to have corresponded with
him, or seen letters of his ; and that
the ranks of the disaffiected who had
determined to "filch from" the poet
his " good name," should have been
swelled out by notaries, lawyers, and
lawyers' clerks; critics, and biogra-
phers; heralds, poets, and plajpers;
to say nothing of the " gentlemen of
the press," ancient and modem, who,
by a strange instinct, a fatality which
there is no accounting for, one and all,
seem to have kept themselves aloof
from the orthography which is aow
advocated so strenuously.
9th, and lastly. It must be confessed
to be the oddest thing of all, that fife
autographs, which, it is maintained,
all agree in one mode of orthography,
and that mode Shakspere, should nave
been for so many years before the pab-
lic, and never before have suggested
the controversy, which has sprung ap
within the last few years, or rather
months, on the discovery of a aizthl
It is declared that the three sipiitwia
to his will, and the two
1840.] " Shaktpmt " At reemei Orikegn^ xitMuUi*
aet
affixed to two several legal instraments,
are very decidedly Shalapere, Well*
but three of these were known to Rowe
and Popc> Theobald and Hanmer«
Warburton and Johnson ; and all five,
1 believe, to Steevens and Malone,
Garrick and Kemble, Capel and
Farmer, Ayscoogh and .Chalmers,
Bos well and Douce, &c. &c. 6cc. kc. &c.
How did it happen ?— how in the world
did it come to pass that none of these
red-hot Sbakspearians ever ''let slip
the dogs of war," and vindicated the
new spelling? It cannot have been
because they deemed the matter trifling
and unimportant ; for they were pre-
pared to " monster " the poet's " no«
things," as everybody knows. Only
one person, as far as I know, ever
furmally ventured on spelling the name
Shakapere : it is so spelt in one of Bell'a
editions of the plays; but no where
else, — except in Knight's embellished
edition, now in the course of publica-
tion.
From a review of these considera*
tions 1 think it will appear that it is
extremely unreasonable, at this time
of day, to perplex ourselves with a
new-fangled orthography of a well-
known classic name. I say nothing
about the queer look of the word when
it is written ShaktperB; for this it evi-
dently a matter of opinion. For my
own part, I shall always write thie
poet's name SuAispxAaa; because
with that name my brightest poetical
recollections are inseparably associ-
ated, together with the remembrance
of some of my happiest houn. It it
enough for me to huno the interesting
fact Uiat on four several occasions the
poet dropped the a in the second sylla-
ble of his name. I cheerfully admit
the value of the discovery ; but there
my concern in the matter ends.
Let me, in conclusion, observe that
I have no inclination to find faolt with
those gentlemen who spell Sbakspeare'i
name Shaktpere, I do not think tkem
" affected or pedantic.'' On the con-
trary 1 honour them for the practice,—
persuaded as I feel, that, with them.
It proceeds out of reverence and love
for the bard ; though I think they have
chosen an odd way to show theur love
and reverence. (I cannot bear to see
the name 1 "honour on this tide
idolatry as mnch as any," in anv way
altered or diegoiiedt) If fuueawi
on the other side of the qoestion would
but say,—" We know vre are incon-
sistent ; but we choose to spell the
name so, in defiance of reason, simply
because Ae spelt it so six times," — they
would be absolutelv unanswerable. I
recommend this high and strong ground
to them ; but then, they must not pre-
tend that the SkaJuftaritma are in
error. They must act on the defen-
sive, and live and die like martyrs.
This is, I believe, all I have to say
on the subject ; and, like Mr. Brace,
I shall dismiss it wiUi a hope that no-
thing which I have written ma^ give
pain or offence to any. I deem it sa-
perflooos to state that I have comma-
nicated vrith no one on the subject, and
that the opinions which 1 have haiard-
ed are my 'own. Yours, Ice.
John William BuaooN.
Mb. UnsAN, FA. 12.
OUR matchless dramatic Poet, while
he pourtrays the operation of the paa-i
sions on the human heart, as they
have acted, and will continue to act
throughout all a^, incorporatat
largely with his delmeattons tne Ian*
guage, maanars, and vaagee of kit
own time. Thus, to use hit own
words, he holds as it were " the mir-
rour ap to Nature," shews Virtue her
own feature, Scora her own imtfe*
and, as regards the period in which M
lived, faithfully describee "the wy
age and body of the time, its fonnaaa
pressure." Hence it is that in eo
many of Shakspeare's pli^yt we hati
lively portraits of the diffiirent charae*
ters composing the society of tlia
court, the town, the coontry, or the
coDunon people, in the reigna of Eli*
zabeth and James the First, and this
circumstance gives a double charm to
his writings. It carries us back to %
sterling old English period, the lan-
guage and manners of which wer«
altogether national and uncorraiited«
yet are not now so antiquated ana ob-
solete as to require to be studied
deeply in order to be relbhed, and to bd
approached likethe ohlerdramaticcoiii-
positions with the spectacles of an anti-
quary, a glossary in hand; for the
rust of a very eariv period will cling
about an anthor oi ttie brightest ge-
nius, and render his writings " caviare
to the general." Why are the trana-
ceidMit buMur, wit» KOijicri tntiv
d68 License of the Duke of York's Company of Players, 1611. fMarcli,
and beauty of Chaucer known to the
multitude only by tradition of his fame ;
but because time has overshadowed
his poems by the cloud of an obsolete
dialect ? Happily, however, this is not
the case with Shakspeare, and the
illustrations which his writings re-
quire are to be found in books and do-
cuments perfectly intelligible in our day,
but contemporary with himself. 1 have
been led to these observations, by
finding in my note-book an extract
from a MS. formulary of public acts
in the reign of James the First, which
is an exact running commentary on
that passage in the play of Hamlet,
where Polonius enumerates the va-
rious kinds of dramatic performances
in which the itinerant players who
visit the court at Elsinore are skilled,
and attests them to be "the best
actors in the world either for tragedy,
comedy, history, pastoral," &c. &c.
It points at once to the precise
meaning of the Prince, when he re-
quests one of the players to give him
a taste of his quality, a passionate
speech. It shews that this " quality "
was exercised either for the perform-
ance of Dramas on the Greek model ;
Histories, being the personages and
events recorded in our chronicles,
thrown into the dramatic form of
dialogue and action ; Interludes, of an
allegorical character ; Morals or Mora-
lities, compiled at once for the edifica-
tion and amusement of the auditors.
This document also shows how the
players were protected from being
considered in the eye of the law as
masterless vagabonds, being certified
as sworn servants of a Prince or
nobleman ; and describes the places
where their performances were usually
given, either in houses of their own
providing, the amphitheatres or
" wooden O s," (used, by the by, also
for cock fighting and bear bai&ig,)*
the halls of Corporations, of Pablic
Schools, or of the Universities.
However well known some of the
above circumstances may be, it is
pleasing to see them confirmed by
the original form of —
" A licence for players to use their
quality in his Majesty's" (James the
First's) " dominions." After the nsoal
preamble, the letters patent set forth
in the King's name that certain per-
sons " are authorised as sworn ser-
vants of our dear son the Duke of
York and Rothsaie, with the rest of
their companie, to use and exercise the
art and quality of playing comedies,
histories, enterludes, moralls, pasto-
ralls, stage plays, and such other like
as they have already or hereafter shall
studie or use for the recreation of oor
loving subjects, and for our solace and
pleasure, when we shall think fit to
see them ; and the said enterlades or
other to shew and exercise pabiiqaely
to their best commodity, as well in
and about our City of London, in
such usual houses as themselves shall
provide, as also within any town-
halls, mote-halls, guild-halls, school-
houses, or other convenient places
within the liberties and freedom of
any other city, university, or boroa^
whatsoever within our realms and do-
minions." Then follows a reserra-
tion of such authority, power, priTilm
and profit, as may appertain to the
Master of the Revels by letters patent
or Commission granted by the late
Queen Elizabeth, or by his Majesty
King James, to Edward Tilney, Mastcs'
of the said Revels, or Sir George Buck,
Knight, t
* The beautiful long Antwerp view of London presents the form of these biiildiiigt4
The Globe (Theatre,) was, I suppose, so called from its circular form. The choms
in Henry V. gives a lively sketch of one of these houses for barbarous sports aad
dramatic entertainments. The lions of Van Amburgh are bringing us back in tOBa
degree to the old taste.
** Pardon y gentles all,
The flat unraised spirit that hath dar'd
On this unworthy scaifold to bring forth
So great an object. Can this cockpit hold
The vasty fields of France ? or may we cram
Within this wooden O the very casques
That did affright the air at Agincourt,** &c.
t The instrument is tested at Westminster in the ninth year of the n%B ef
James L ; bat it is a mere formal draft, and the names of the patentees aii mc ii«
18400
lUnHraiions of SkJoftmre.
In connexion with this subject it
may be further observed, that passages
of Shakspeare are sometimes found to
be illustrated not onlv by contemporary
documents and authors, but by cir-
cumstances in which little connexion
with his writings could be expected.
Thus some years since I pointed out to
your readers what a practical com-
mentary on a passage of King John
was afforded by a mere mechanical
operation. The King, when suffering
under the excruciating torments of Uie
poison exclaims,
*' I am a irribbled form drawn with a pen
Upon a parchment, and against this fire
Do / thrink up."
In the Chamberlain's office of the
City of London, were found about the
time referred to some records on parch •
ment much damaged by fire. The
writing in these was $hnmk to a fourth
of the original size bv the action of the
element on the membrane, preserving,
notwithstanding, the form of the cha-
racters beautifully clear. Several of
the Cottonian MSS. present a similar
appearance from the same cause.
When Hamlet tells the Lady player
that she is nearer Heaven than when
he saw her last, by the " altitude of a
chopine," an incidental contemporary
passage shews me that a chopine,
which some commentators have ex-
plained to be a measure for liquids, was
an article of dress, probably a high-
heeled shoe or clog. A familiar letter of
which I have a note, dated Dec. 35,
1623 says — " A post has arrived from
Spain : a proclamation has been issued
that the Infanta be no more called
Princess of Wales. In sign of her
sorrow she put off her tkoppitu,"
An epistle by Toby Matthew of Sept.
30, 1598, proves that the First Pkrt of
Henry Iv. was vmtten before that
date ; for he says, "Sir Francis Vere
is coming towanb the Low Countries ;
with him Sir Alexander RatcHff and
Sir Robert Drury ; well, honour pricks
them on, and the world thinks that
honour will qaicklv prick them off
again," which are mt very wonb of
Falstaff's soliloquy on honour, in the
battle field at Shrewsbury. The same
letter speaks of Ben Jonson's ode-
brated comedy as a new play thai
lately acted, called '* Every Man's
Humour."
In the Second Part of King Henrv
IV. Falstaff says of Bardolph, "I
bought him in Pktul's, and he'll buy no
a horse in Smithfield ; an I could get
me but a wife in the Stews, 1 wore
manned, horsed, and wived." lo
Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, tfao
first edition of which was published
A.D. 1631, we have the followbg pot-
sage remarkably coincident with that
just quoted, which shews that the al-
lusions it contains were proverbial.
** He that marries a wffe out of a sot-
peeitd hine or ale house, buyes a Jlorve la
SmU^eld, and him a ienmni m Prnttw^
Mi ike dherbe U, shaU likely have a jade
to his horse, a knave I6r }d» man, and aa
arrant honest woman to his wife."*
That obscure denunciation of an*
cient Pistol against Master Slon*
der, whom he challenges to combat
as " a latten bilbo,'^ which hao -
puzzled the annotators, was ezplaiaod
at once by an old account of the ofiko
of the Revels preserved among tho
MSS. at Loaeley, to mean an imitatiott
of a Spanish or Bilboa sword, mode of
latten or mixed metal instead of sled i
for among the mock equipments of the
Lord of Mianile are "one Sdavovo
(Sclavonian) blade and one BjIdo
(Bilboa) bronde, ; ace."
I am pertnaded, Mr. Urban, that %
man of judgment, leisure, and restaidi^
conversant with the writers of the
latter half of the sixteenth and eariiar
portion of the seventeenth centnry^
might form an entertaining volnme ti
illustrations of Shakspeare drawn from
contemporary publications and MSS*
preserved in our public depositoriea.
The Right Hon. T. P. Coortenay haa
lately £>ne something in this way for
serted. The date sssignsble is A.D. 1611 ; snd this agrees well enough with oollalsffal
oircnmstances, for Sir George Buck was msde Msster of the Revels towsids the
close of 1610, and the Dnke of York became Prince of Wales hi Nov. 1612. Thi
date is, thorefore, a true one, and the draft probably designed for an aetaal grant.
* Barton's Anat. of Melancholy, vol. ii. p. 472. Edit. 1819.
t Merry Wives of Wfaidsor» sot 1. 1* U
JMiqr MSS. p. 86.
♦
270
CoUmel John Jonei, the Regicide.
[Maidi^
Shakspeare's " Hiitories/' by a careful
comparative analysis, in a series of
Essays, of those productions with the
old English Chronicles.
With regard to the orthography and
accentuation of Shakspearc's name
qow under discussion in your pages,
I observe with pleasure Uiat the re-
marks of your acute and impartial
correspondent Mr. Bruce, by no
means enforce the necessity, that we
should, in compliance with the ortho-
graphy which he advocates, pronounce
it with barbarous elision iSAacAr-spear.
It were as absurd to call him Shack-
apere as to style with some syllabicaliy
precisian cockneys the towns of Green-
wich and Woolwich — Green Witch
and Wool Witch.
The observance in conversation of
the orthography instead of the Twrma
loquendi, generally the correct autho-
rity, has, in my own days, changed
the name of the village of Lewisham
(Lew'sham) into Lewis Ham, al-
tiiough I recollect we have evidence
in the laconic apophthegms of Lord
Bacon that in King James's time it
was called familiarly Lew'sham. The
King, on his way to Knole, passing
through this long straggling village,
asked what place it was ; he was told
Lusom. After a considerable interval,
dragging on in a heavy state coach of
the day through a miry road, he again
asked where he was ; he was told still
in Lusom. I hope, said the monarch,
jestingly, that I am king of this Lusom ;
which appeared comparatively of in-
terminable extent.
What authority indeed can there be
that the a in Shak-spere should be ac-
cented grave (a) ? Might it not, with
equal caprice, be considered broad and
open {d) ? I have heard northcountry-
mencall him, ore rotundo, Shawk'Spetur,
The inflections of dialect may be harsh;
but those of a refined pedantry are,
to practised ears, ridiculous.
Yours, &c. A. J. K.
Mr. Urban, Bridgnorth, Jan, 21.
As Mr. Joseph Morris, of Shrews-
bury, has requested you to correct
what he pleases to say is a very erro-
neous assertion which appeared in the
memoir of the late Sir T. J.Tyrwhitt
Jones, Bart, in your number of the
Gent. Mag, for December^ 1839# viz.
" He was lineally descended in the
female line from the ancient patrician
stock of JoneS/ of Chilton-grove, in
the parish of Atcham, and of Shrews-
bury. Of that family was the Regi-
cide Colonel John Jones, brother-in-
law of Oliver Cromwell, and also his
secretary, whose residence was at
Fonmon-castie, co. Glamorgan," 9k,
I must request you will insert the
following detail in corroboration and
confirmation of the above statement,
which was obtained from the month
of the late deceased Baronet some years
ago before the occurrence of his me-
lancholy accident, who was very con-
versant with the history, and well
acquainted with the biography of his
ancestors and family, and no one could
reverence them more. At that time
he showed the writer of the above
passages a very excellent painting of
that colonel in his dining room at
Stanley-hall, and also several beauti-
fully executed miniatures of Oliver the
Protector, which shortly before the
colonel's execution had been packed
up and sent from one of the colooel's
residences to his relations, the Joneses
of Shrewsbury. From them these
pictures, with the protector's very
large silver- faced repeating watch, al-
most globular, were afterwards con-
veyed to their relations, the Haxleys
of Stanley-hall, near to Bridgenortn,
from whom these paintings eventually
became the valuable property of the
late Baronet. But the Reverend Mr.
Hartshorne, of Broseley, marrying one
of the co-heiresses at Stanley, pos-
sessed himself of the very carious and
interesting piece of mechanism, the
silver watch of Cromwell, and pre-
sented it to his friend and virtnoso.
Captain Henry Livingstone, of Black-
lands, Bobbiugton, who, a short
time before his decease, bestowed it
upon a lady, a distant relative of the
Huxleys and the late Earl of Powis,
the Huxleys at that period being all
dead ; and it is now in the custody of
a gentleman residing within a few
miles from Bridgnorth, as the col-
lateral descendant and representative
of the same lady. The Rev. Mark
Noble, in his Memoirs of the House
of Cromwell, observes of Colonel John
Jones, the Regicide, (whose residence
he does not state,) '' that the Repob*
1840.] T%i Jtmeii pfShrmilmf igthuf ihi Pr^teei&Me. K71
Kioff« yet he wm nerer uooeitefed
for ule king (thoogh posMSsed of con-
siderable property), but declared him*
•elf against the commission of array
in the time of the wan, and refhsed to
find a dragoon for the King's service*
for which he was committed by Sir
Francis Ottley, thm Oovemor of
Shrewsbury, whidi commitment llr.
Jones afterwards brought two men to
testify before the Parliament commit*
tee in Shrewsbory as an argument of
his good affection to them. His hfo*
ther that was of the Parliament party,
and recorder of the town (of Shrewa*
bury) in the time of rebellion, declared
him there publiquely upon the bendi
of a quarter sessions, a man wdl af-
fected to the Ptoliament— all whidi
could have been proved against them.
The above Thomas Jones having qot
the Parliament party to elect him
town clerk of Shrewsbury, his con*
duct had been such against the Kinf^
that he was, after the Restoiatiofi,
turned out."
Their behaviour is also particularly
noticed as attached to the party agaioit
the King in a letter of Francis Lotd
Newport, afterwards Earl of Bradlbrd,
a nobleman of the highest sense of
honour, integrity, and patriotism thin
country can boast of, or perhaps evw
will, and not likelv to make aseertioas
and statements that were not moel
assuredly true and eorrect. Thomas
Jones was certainly resident at Shrewil-
bury at the time the town was takmi
by the Parliament party, and it msf
be fairly said that ne was a priaonw;
suffering nothinc like many other per-
sons raiding therein; but that cir-
cumstance proves nothing. And tiioa^
these Joneses and the Regicidb may
have been descended from separate
and distinct stocks, it does not foUow
but there may have been an aflbiity ia
after times.
Yours, fcc. Wk. Habdwioc.
licans, the friends of the Colonel, no-
ticed him as a gentleman of North
Wales, and of a competent estate, and
that next to a certainty he was re*
turned a member for Merionethshire
in 1640 as John Jones, Esquire; and
in 1656 for the counties of Derby* and
Merioneth, when he is styled Colonel,"
and though his biographer has noticed
many persons of the same surname of
Jones, who took an active part during
the Civil Wars, the Commonwealth,
and Protectorate, he has designated no
Colonel of these names, but mentions
Colonel Philip Jones, who was a Privy
Counsellor to both the Protectors, and
one of Oliver's Lords of the Upper
House. In addition to the late Baro-
net's information respecting his rela-
tion Colonel John Jones, the Rev. John
Brickdale Blakeway, one of the Shrews-
bury historians, had previously ex-
pressed himself of the same opmion,
and that this Colonel vras a relation
of the Joneses of Shrewsbury. In
proof of Uiis Colonel's being possessed
of Fonmon Castle, Benjamm Heath
Malkin.esq. in his account of the Sce-
nery, Antiquities, and Biography of
South Wales,** published in 1807, clear-
ly states, that " Colonel John Jones,
who signed the death warrant of King
Charles I. and who took his seat in
the council of state on the commence-
ment of the Commonwealth, died on
the scaffold among the Regicides at the
restoration, and was the possessor of
this castle, and from him the present
owner is descended. There is here,
(>erhaps, the finest portrait extant of
Oliver Cromwell."
Mr. Morris further observes, that
" the late Sir Tyrwhitt Jones's ancestor
Thomas Jones of Shrewsbury and
Sandford, Esquire (afterwards Lord
Chief Justice), so fiir from being of
the Regicide's fhmily or opinions, vras
one of the loyal Shropshire ^ntlemen
taken prisoner by the Ptirliamentary
f<irces on their capture of Shrewsbury
Feb. 22, 1644-5.''
It is very clear that Mr. Jones's
conduct bespoke more of prudence
than loyalty, or perhaps of time-serv-
ing than either, — though " in 1662,
he declared he was always for the
• It is presumed that this name iheald
be Denbigh.
Mr. UaBAW, O^fitri, FA. 6.
ON an excursion last summer to the
delightfU village of Bremhilt I waa
glad to find my friend. Canon Bowleg
busily employed in restoring the in-
terior of his parish church to somethlw
like its original character; and as it
may be doubtfkd whether the vrorM
may hereafter be fkvoured with aa
improved edition of the Puochial Hii«
272
BftmhiU Church, WUtiUfe,
[Marck,
toiy of tlut place, I Bend you s few the platform above the comica, under
particulars of what 1 observed during the centre of the arch, ataiuls ft fine
my stay there. bust of the Saviour, an Eeet Homo,
Your readera wilt be pleased to learn executed in Italy.
that the lath and plaster partition. This church eihibits aome intenat-
which lately occupied the whole space ing examples of rarions perioda of
of the arch dividing the nave Trom the English arch itectare. The bold tinder-
chancel, has been entirely removed, cutting, the scroll-work, and other
Thisnacomelyobstructlou was erected enrichments of the capitals of the
here,asinother places, fromwhichitis columns, which divide uie nave from
now rapidly vanishing, at the time of the side ailes, are peculiarly striking,
the Reformation, for the purpose of The font, which is of correipondiog
receiving the royal arms, paioted by character, has been engraved among
the yard on a large scale in token of Mr. Britten's specimens of Norman
the regal supremacy, just then substi- fonts in his Architectural Dictionary,
tated for the papal. This prepos- There arc several varieties of oak cair-
terous heraldry is now less conspjcu- ing in the panel-work of tlie acataj
onsly placed above the crown of the which exhibit their original atandaida,
arch against the blank wall, a mea- though blended with modern additiona,
sure which I adopted in my own From the sculptured omamenta of the
parish church about fifteen years since, vaulted roof of the south porch, among
The beautifully carved screen, which — "■"' "- — "■■'- '"-' - ^'- '
supported the a
It ii
rood- Ion, still
which we see the white nait a:
of the house nf York, and the double
■ of the union, we may coDclude
specimen ; and, though it has been this part, and perhaps the tower, to
painted white, only reqv
stored to its original oak colour. Upon the Seventh,
have been rebuilt in the time of Henry
In the chancel are several very in-
teresting monuments and memorials.
Near Dr. Tounson's grave stone,
who died iu l6S7, arc the vestiges of
an ancient inscription on a mutilated
stab of black forest marble, part of
which has been unfortunately removed
to make room for some modern pave-
ment nf freestone. The letters are in
the large and bold Gochico-Roman
form of the twelfth century, and in the
centre is a purfled crosier. From the
situation of this monumental slab, and
from its general character, which cor-
responds withsomeofthe earliest por-
tions of the fabric, there a erery rut-
son to believe that it waa intended to
commemorate the founder of the chnrch,
or the first rector, about the commence-
mert of the thirteenth century.* ^e
only part of the inscription at all legi-
ble consists of the word inbbftub in
the upper line, and in the oppoaiteone
/luepftu, ttumrit
is used by SeaecM.
Yonn, Ice. J.I.
273
REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Farther Particular* regardimg Shake^ Dame/' and certainly there is consU
^are and hiM WorkB. Bjf J. V.CoU derable resemblance in the stories.
her. 1839. ^ Shakespeare may have gained a know.
WHEN we open a book of Mr. '^^ ^^ }^» either in an old miracle
Collier's, we are always certain of P^^' ^^ ^'^ *^^^ >^o^<l formed npon it.
being rewarded with some curious and 'Ourthly. Mr. Collier says, " few
interesting information. We shall very ^iU now dispute Shakespeare's claim
briefly mention the chief points touched to'Perielet. " He then shows that
on in this his third little volume on ^^ ^'^ marked by no author before
the subject of Shakespeare. ^^^» ^^ ^m published in that year^
First.lon "The Merchant of Venice." Probably from a surreptitious copy;
Mr. Collier shows that this play was "^ ^7^ " ^ ^^^ *^ow upon good evi*
not acted from 1620 to 1701; and ^^^^> QOt only that there must have
seems to have been entirely neglected. ^^^'^ great omissions, but in what way
In fact, in its original form, it was 'o^'® o' these omissions are to be sup-
not acted from 1620, when Burbage pli^*'' He then advances two posi-
died. to 1741, when Macklin revived tions; first. That Pericles was perform-
it. Mr. Collier has brought additional ^.^^ great success. Secondly, That
evidence to bear, to show that it was ^^ perrormance took place early in
forgotten. 1608, when the paUicatioa of tba
Secondly. Mr. Collier has given pl^^f was contemplated. He then pro-
some interesting passages from a verv ^^^^ * jn'Me novel fmmitd tipm
hcarce Italian Comedy, called " Gr Skaketpeart't Periein, in conseqotnee
Inganni," 1547, printed in 1582, probaWy of its popularity ; and says,
which was said in the Barrister's " '^'^ ^ ^^® only inttance that am
Diary to resemble the Twelfth 7*^ ^^^ diMcootrtd qf a aoeel pro-
Night, and which assertion proves to /«**^ ^oi^ fr^m m M pk^. Ifc
be correct. Mr. Collier does not de- >* <^^' "The PkinfuU Adventnras of
cidc as to whether Shakespeare was P^f^lcs, Prince of Tyre. Being tfao
indebted to a translation or the orfgi- ^">* hbtorv of the Plav of Pericles, ts
nal, but thinks it not improbable that ^^ ^^ ^^f pr«Miited hy the worthy
he understood enough Italian for hb ^^ ancient poet John Gower. 1606.*^
purpose. He justly says, " our great '^^ immediate source to which ShiJw-
poet has elevated the whole subject in ^p^fi^J^^soi^ was, probably, Laurence
character, language, and sentiment. Twine's version of the novel of Apcd-
and has converted what may be termed ^^^^^ King of Tyre, 1576. Then is
a low comedy into a higii drama." ^P^7 ^^^ ^^7 of thw curious prodoc-
He also observes, " it is obvious that ^^^ known, which is certainly bor-
the obligations of Shakeepeare for the ^^^ ^^m the play, and a comparison
plot of his comedy were not very ^^^ ^^o leads to some curious obser-
great ; and that he owed little or ^^|oos, and to several valuable resto-
nothing to the dialogue." rations of the text, for which, however.
Thirdly. He illustrates the source 7^ ^^^ ^^' our readers to the book
whence Shakespeare derived the plot of >t*^^-
his Cymbeline, which Mr. Malone re- ^^^^^f» Mr. Collier gives oa a very
ferred to a tract, called " Westward l>«i^otiful ballad on the suMect of the
for SmelU." In the Th^tre Franfais Tempest, of which the author is not
au Moyen Age, Paris, 1829, published ^^omu ; but which Is certainly, for
by Messrs. Monmerqo^ and Michel, is ^^ *^y^*» °^nch posterior to Shake^
A piece called " Un Miracle de Nostre* •P««re^i pUty. Mr. Collier thinks it
Grnt. Mao. Vol. XIII. 2 N
274 Rrview. — Collier*8 Farther Particulars regarding Shakeipeore. (March,
was written about the time of the Pro-
tectorate. It appears from a passage
in Mr. Collier's book (p. 63) that a
MS. diary of a Chaplain to the Con-
sulate of the Barbary States in the
reign of Charles the Second, led to the
belief that the Enchanted Island of the
Tempest was Lampedusa.
Having thus given a brief and, we
are afraid, unworthy summary of the
contents of this little volume, we pro-
ceed to make an observation or two on
a few passages in the old drama, that
have passed under our notice within
the last few days in the course of our
reading.
P. 47- Mr. Collier has this passage,
** In act iii. sc. 2, ocean a passage put
in the mouth of Cerimon, which always
stmck me as cormpt ; it runs thus,
•* 1 have heard
Of an Egyptian, had nine hoars lien dead,
By good appliance was recovered."
Why an Egyptian ? why should an Egyp.
tian be recovered more easily than a native
of any other country ? The novel makes
it clear that the sense of Shakespeare has
not been given in the printed play, for in
the novel Cerimon says, ' I have read of
some Egyptians who, after four houres
death, (if I may call it so) have raised
impoverished bodies like to this unto their
former health.* ''
But, in truth, there is no such great
difference in the passages as to lead to
an inference of incorrectness in the
play. If Egyptians raised a body after
death, whose body so likely as an
Egyptian's ; the miracles of the Egyp-
tian magicians being from the earliest
times to the present day (ex. gr. at
Cairo) exhibited in their own country.
This answers Mr. Collier's qusre
"Why an Egyptian?" i. e. because
the Egyptian, and he alone, died in a
country where such magical arts were
supposed to be exercised ; also the
image in the play is more poetical than
that in the novel, and on that account
ought not to be altered. We also doubt
whether "imperished" should be sub-
stituted for " impoverished." (p. 48.)
Mr. Collier gives several proverbial
sayings from the ParoemiologiaAnglo-
latina, 1639, and phrases similar to
some in Shakespeare ; but there is one,
where Hamlet is named, which is not
very intelligible. It is this,
<< A trout, Hamlet, with four legs.** p. 68.
With regard to the introdnctioii of tbe
word " Hamlet," or the caose of its
insertion in this place, conjecture
would probably be vain; bot as to
the saying itself,' we think that it
means to designate something contra-
dictory or absurd ; and that trout is a
misprint for trewet, as if a qaestioB
were asked — "Did yon ever see a
trewet (i. e. a three-legged atool) with
four legs ? " or it might be in the
manner of an exclamation at some-
thing ludicrously extravagant and oat
of nature. Could it be a saying pre-
served from the older Hamlet?
We take this opportonity, being at
once on the subject of Shakespeare and
of passages relating to his works, or
in them, wanting emendation, of re-
ferring to the second Tolame of
Mr. Coleridge's " Literary •Remains,'*
Where the notes of that very eminent
person are to be found on many of the
plays, on which we ventnre a lew <^-
senrations. P. 1*22. Merry Wives of
Windsor.— Act 1. Sc. 3 :—
'* FaUt. — ^Now the report goes : the
has all the will of her husband's parse ;
she hath a legion of angels.
' ' Pift, — As many devils entertain ; sad
to her, boy, say I."
*" Perhaps it is," says Mr. Coleridge—
** Ab many devils enter (or enter*d)
swine, and to her, boy, say I.'*
That this conjecture is not very bappy
all will allow, and it appears to us un-
necessary. We would read
** Falet. — She hath a legion of angels.
'* Fitt, — Km many dedls. — Entertain,
and to her, boy, say I.'"
P. 127.
tf
((
-Hath nature given thee eyes
To see this vaulted arch, and tbe ridi crop
Of sea and land, which can disttngoisli *twiit
The fiery orbs above and tiie twian'd stqaea
Upon the namber'd beach.*'
Mr. Coleridge would read "cope " for
" crop," which we do not think appli*
cable to sea or land as to the 9kf, as it
suggests the idea of an arch or cover-
ing. "The twinn'd stones," bethinks,
may be a catachresis for mnsdca,
cockles, and other shells with binges.
The numbered beach he would read witb
Farmer " umber'd." We cannot ame
either to the explanation of tlie Biat
passage or the emendattonof tlieaa>
1 840.] Review. — Ck>lller')i Farther Part IcuUvrt regarding Shakespeare. 275
Mr. Coleridge says, " Fletcher was
too good a scholar to fall into to gross
a blunder ; " then giving his emenda-
tion he adds, "jealous of Virgil's ho-
nour, he is afraid lest by referring to
the Georgics alone, he might be un-
derstood as underrating the preceding
work ; not that I do not admire the
Bucolics too in their way." Now we
must differ from Mr. Coleridge, both
as to his emendation and explanation :
his emendation (in which by the bye,
the substitution of or for and seems
unnecessary) leaves the construction of
the passage very awkwardly arranged ;
and his explanation is, perhaps, too
refined : — ^What do we propose to do ?
To leave the passage exactly as it is
in the old text, and to understand by
the word "herds," not cattle, but
herdsmen, or rather " shepherds," as
this word was used in this sense. Hard
for sheep-herd, and herdeste for shep-
herdesse. "Yet as a herdette on a
summer's day," &c. To cure your
shepherds of their love plaints, and
their amorous desires, your Bucolics is
a master piece.
P. 301. In " Wit without Money. "
cond. The force of "twinn'd" we
take to be to express the comparative
insignificance or worthlessness of the
stones which are so like one to another
as not to be distinguished, and the
splendid and majestic orbs in Heaven :
and this, if correct, suggests what is the
true reading of the next line, because
the same thought is preserved.
" -and the twinn*d stones
Upon the Miinuinber*d beach."
The " fiery orbs above " are limited in
number, and may be counted each in
" his separate sphere." The twinn'd
stones all resemble each other, and
they cannot be numbered on the beach,
which is entirely composed of them in
countless multitudes, and of a similar
form. If "number'd" is to be pre-
served, it must be in the sense of
" numerous," as Virg. Buc. vii. 51.
"Hie tantum Borev coramoa flrigora, quantum
Aut Muwterum lupus, ant torrentia flnmina
ripas/'
P. 174. Richard II.
*' my inward soul
With nothing trembles, mi aomething U frieves
More than with partini^ from my lord the
King."
We presume it should be read — *' it
at something grieves."
V 256. Othello.
Mr. Coleridge says—" I think Tyr-
whitt's reading of ' Life* for ' Wife,'
A fellow almost damn'd in a Ikir wills,
the true one, as fitting for lago's con-
tempt for whatever did not display
power." &c. We think this altera-
tion would produce a degree of flatness
and want of spirit in the passage, and
would hardly compensate for it, by
any additional clearness it would give.
We would interpret "Wife" as
" Woman," a sense it is often used in;
and we think no further interpretation
is wanted.
P. 299. The Elder Brother.
— « For what concoma tiUace ?
Who better can delirer it than V&fll
In his G«oripcs, or to cure your herds
(His Bucolics are a Masterpiece.)'*
This is Mr. Coleridge's correction
of the text as it stood in the edition of
Syropeon and Coleman, thus : —
— *' For what concema tilUure :
Who liettcr can deliver it than Vlrfil
In bin U«orficks7 and to cure your herds,
Uin BttcoliclLs is a maater-piece.*'
'*With one man satisfied, with one rein
guided.
With one fUth, one content, one bed ;
Aged, ahe makes the wifle, preserves the flune
and issue,
A widow is, ice.
ft
Mr. Coleridge says, is " afraid " con-
tented— too old for Beaumont and Flet-
cher ; if not, we might read thus —
'* Content with one Adth, with one bed ^/)rmktt
She makes the wife, preserves the fluae sad
issue."
or it may be—
"with one breed afraid."
that is, satisfied with one set of chil-
dren in opposition to " a widow is a
Christmas box." We do not consider
that this conjecture will find many
approvers : in fact, it is totally oa-
neccssarv, as the insertion of a 9maU
Utter will set the sense and metre right*
** With one man satisfied, with one rein fuidsd|
With one teith, one content, one bed ayrsMly
She makes the wife,'* kc.
We now leave this interesting subject^
thanking Mr. Collier for the great plea-
sure and instruction which his curious
researches have afforded us.
276
Review. — Weaver's Monumenta /Intiqua.
[Mareb,'
Monumenta Antiqua; or, the Stone
Monuments' of Antiquity yet remain-
ing in the British Isles, particularly
as illustrated by Scripture ; also a
dissertation on Stonehenge, together
with a compendious account of the
Druids ; to which are added, conjec-
tures on the origin and design of the
Pyramids of Egypt and of the Round
Thwers of Ireland. By R. Weaver,
Author of "Scnpture Fulfilled,"
" The Pagan Altar," and " Jehovah's
Temple.*' Duod. pp. 198.
WE perfectly agree in opinion with
the author of the pleasing Essay before
us, that the stone pillars and altars
which were set up by the inhabitants
of various countries of the earth in the
primitive ages, had their origin in
those memorials which are recorded
in Holy Writ to have been erected
either in honour of the true God, or
to record some remarkable dispensa-
tion to his chosen people. On this
head wfe have made some observations
in describing a cromlech in the notices
of Laugharne, in Caermarthenshire.
(See Gent. Mag. for December 1839,
p. 598.) Mr. Weaver remarks that
** When the covenant between God and
Israel was about to be ratitied at the foot
of Mount Sinai, Moses not only built
an altar, but he erected twelve pillars of
stone, according to the number of the
twelve tribes of Israel, and that there the
solemnities of the ratification were per-
formed. This is the first record we have
in any history of a number of stones being
thus used for sacred purposes. We are not,
indeed, told that they were placed in a
circular form, but most probably they
were. This was about three hundred
years after Jacob's pillar had been erected
to mark the place of assembly for worship,
and about ^fteen hundred years before
Christ. Shortly after this, about forty
years, we find twelve stones pitched in
Gilgtd, which, though they were imme-
diately designed as a memorial of Israel's
passing through Jordan, yet the spot
seems at least to have been a place of
general assembly; and since here the
people offered sacrifices at the appointment
of Saul to be King, and it afterwards was
the place where Saul offered hb burnt of-
fering and peace offering, we inay fairly
infer that it was a place of worship
As to Gilgal, we may remark, moreover,
tiiat the word h^hy Galgal, or Gilgal,
signifies a circle ; it is, therefore, not im-
probable that it derived its name from the
stones placed there in a circular form.
Let the scriptures, therefore, have
their due honour, as the most anoieiit
interesting record of antiquity, fbr wbe*
ther the traveller meet wiUi Uie conuiMn
altar, or the cromlech, or the cam altar,
or the pillar, or the circle of pillars, he
may account for them, or at least have
great light thrown upon them, bj a re-
ference to that sacred record." (p* 40.)
The author passes on to the notice
of pillars and stones erected as bound-
aries, as monuments for the dead,
and for the memory of remarkable
achievements and transactions. He
cites the well-known practice, io this
respect, of the Jews, the Greeks, aod
the Celtic nations. A stone was raised
over the grave of Achilles aod Patro-
clus, which Alexander the Great anoint-
ed with oil. The stelae of the Egyp-
tians seem to be a refinement on the
practice, for they approximate to the
tablet-like memorials which are erect-
ed in our churchyards for the dead.
Cairns or heaps of stones, and bar-
rows or tumuli are next pointed oat
as erected for way marks, for boood-
aries for marking the dead with in-
famy, or commemorating them with
honour.
** Toland speaks of the custom of the
Irish to erect rude and small pyramids
of stones ' along the road,' which heaps
are called, he says, Leachda, and are
made of the first stones that offer. He
indeed considers them as monuments of
the dead, but being made along the roads,
it seems more probable that they were
intended as way marks. If so, Scriptore
again concurs, and comes in with its
claim for notice as to the antiquity of its
records, because 700 years before Christ
you have an allusion to the custom c^
heaps for directories to the traveller. Set
thee up high heaps, says the Ixird to
Israel, by Jeremiah, for the purposes
mentioned before, when treating of the
pillars, ' even that thou mightest ftnd tk^
way back to thy cities.' And 450 years
before this, we have mention of the stooe
' Ezel,' which word itself signifies a waj
mark."
Admitting that moonds of stones
and earth were frequently in the
early ages land marks and points for
directing the traveller, oar nnthor
seems for a moment to forget the
practice of the Greeks and Romans to
bury the dead by the way side.
The earliest mode of interment wis
indeed probably like that of the Jms
and Egyptians, in sepulchres hewn
out in ' rocks ; but the sepoldunl
1840.]
Review. — Weaver's Monimenia Antiqua.
277
mound was also of very early use,
almost universal in the world, and is
continued down to our present day.
Virgil describes one of these heaps —
— '* Fuit ingens monte sub alto
Regis Dercenni terreno ex aggere bustum,
Antiqui LaurentisopacA que ilice tectum.'* •
and the excavations at the Bartlow
Hills detailed by Mr. Gage Rokewood,
in the Archaeologia, afford excellent
examples of monuments of the tumu-
lar order, and those probably of a pe-
riod of the Romano-British times, not
later than Claudius or Vespasian.
Our author does not, however, for-
get the sepulchral application of the
barrow ; he points to the fact, that
between " Sardis and Thyatira there
are an immense multitude of tumuli or
barrows on the celebrated plain on
which Cyrus overthrew the Empire of
Lydia." and never losing sight of the
venerable authority of Holy Writ he
shews that barrows are mentioned
in the book of Job, or at least informs
us that places designated in cer-
tain passages as " the grave," may be
rendered " heap/* f a matter which
we refer to critics in the Hebrew
tongue.
Our author proceeds to what he
terms sacred rocks. Rocks which may
be considered to have been devoted to
idolatrous purposes, in which batinM
have been excavated, and channeU
formed to carry off libations of water,
oil, &c. In Mrs. Bray's Borders of
the Tamar and Tavy, which Mr.
Weaver frequently quotes, examples
are cited of several snch consecrated
crags, illustrated by sketches from the
original relics, by the Rev. E. Bray,
her husband. Our aathor givts the
following account of a sacred rock on
Stanton Moor, Derbyshire. " Its cir-
cumference we suppose to be about 10
or 12 feet, and its height 8. On the
top surface there was a cavity or hol-
low place 8 inches deep ; there were
aUo 3 cut channels, to let off some
liquid, together with a small round
hole at the E. side of the rock-stone
very near the top," p. 52. Under the
head of Druid's houses and hermitages,
we have a statement which we confess
we are obliged to receive with consider-
able caution, and to ask whether the
Editor's antiquarian zeal has not in
this instance become tinctured with a
dash of credulity ? The following is
detailed as a fact —
(i
Not very far from the road that leadv
from Rowsley to Bakewell, in the wood or
plantation beloaging to Mr. Thomhill,
there is a collection of huge rock-stones,
confusedly lying together, though yet
serving for retreat, called *■ Giant's
Holt, or Hole or Hold/ and on the
sloping sides of two of these stones are the
following inscriptions engraved in Roman
capitals, designed most probably as one
inscription :
• Virg. iEneid, lib. xi. v. 850.
f Job,chap.3l,v.3S.— chap.30,v. 24.
** RES RVSTICA QVEM SINK DVBITA-
TIONB PROXIMJI QVASI CONSANOUINBA
8APIENTIJS EST TAM DISCENTIBVS EOBT
QVAM MINISTRIS.
** NIHIL EST HOM INE LIBERO niGNIVS
ET MIHI An SAPIENTI8 VITAM PROXIMO
VinETVR ACCEOERE.**
Hie letters are run together in Mr.
Weaver's transcript; we separate
them into words.
We hesitate to follow the author
in his conjectures that these stones ia
the Giant's Hold, were inscribed by
the Druid pastors of some of the said
worthy giants resident in these parts ;
who like good and peaceable reformed .
Anthropophagi, alter the social system
of that day, having duly registered
their babes, sent then to a Druid's
central school of instruction, for the
use of which these huge lithographic
primers were prepared ! In short, we
verily believe, that in the matter of
these inscribed rocks, the ingenious
Editor has suffered himself most
willingly during an antiquarian re-
verie to be hoaxed ; and it will proba-
bly be in the power of some of oor
classical readers to point to the very
page whence these rock- inscribed re*
flections were derived. Moreover,
we would observe, if the Editor's ac-
count is to be received, that these
Druid pedagogues taught very bad
Latin ; that to make common sense in
construing, quem in the first rocky
tablet should be qu4t, proxima:, progi"
ma; in the second, proximse should
surely be proximiits,' Really, these
traps should not be set in the desert
for the unsuspecting antiquary; and
as a caution, we apprise our readers
that the worthy vicar of Tavistock,
whom we have already mentioned,
many years since, when in the poetic
1 840.]
Rkview.— Latlibnry's Gtty Fawkes.
281
place it is to be considered as a book
published in an attractive form, at a
moderate price, evidently designed for
extensive circulation, and having for
its object to arouse the people against
the Roman Catholics, by exhibiting
the Gunpowder Treason as the neces-
sary result of the principles of the
Church of Rome — a consequence flow-
ing out of tenets entertained and in-
culcated by that Church.
We shall consider these points sepa-
rately, and the first may be disposed
of in a few words. As a history the
book is of little value. No authorities
are ({uoted ; its biographical sketches
of the conspirators are crude and pre-
judiced ; its narrative is neither com-
[)lete as to facts nor effective in style ;
its arrangement is confused and defec-
tive. In no respect can this "com-
plete History" be compared with the
lucid narrative of the same Treason,
written by Mr. Jardine, and published
in the Library of Entertaining Know-
ledge in 1835. There have been few
recent instances in which the spirit of
historical research has been more
effectively exerted than in that book of
Mr. Jardine'H. It is founded upon the
documents connected with this subject
preserved in the State Paper Office and
in the Baga df Secreiis, upon Green-
way's unpublished narrative, the singu-
lar Tresham papers found at Rushton,
and Archbishop Sancroft's valuable
transcripts preserved amongst the
Tanner MSS. in the Bodleian. The
information scattered in these various
places, together with that previously
published, has been skilfully condensed
into a narrative which is as interesting
as a romance, and not less conspicu-
ous for the shrewdness of its criticism
than for the moderate and gentlemanly
tone of feeling which pervades it. If
Mr. Lathbury was ignorant of the ex-
istence of Mr. Jardine's book, that cir-
cumstanco at once accounts for the
imperfections of his work ; if the con-
trary, how came he to write the pas-
sages we began by quoting? or what
justification can there be for interfering
with the still unexhausted demand for
a book which is confessedly worthy of
public patronage, which displays un-
doubted research, and the price of
which is only a shilling or two more
than Mr. I^thbury's, whilst it contains
about four times as much matter ? Are
Gent. Mao. Vol. XIII.
authors like wolves that they may thus
prey upon one another ?
But the other point is one of in-
finitely higher moment than any mere
question of an author's ignorance or
disingenuousness — is it, or is it not,
true that the Church of Rome holds
doctrines which go to the justification
of the Gunpowder Treason? Mr.
Lathbury contends that it does, and
brings forward the following facts in
proof.
*' It is an acknowledged principle of the
Church of Rome that the decisions of
general councils are bindingon all. " (p. 97 .)
" The twenty- seventh canon of the
Third Council of Lateran, [convened by
Pope Alexander III. A.D. 1179] imposes
a curse on all those who maintained or
favoured the Waldensian opinions. In
the event of dying in their alleged errors,
they were not even to receive Christian
burial." (ibid.)
" The fourth Council of Lateran was
held A.D. 1215. One of its canons, the
third, is even more horrible than the pre-
ceding.*' It declares, '* We exoommoni-
cate and condemn every heresy whidi
exalteth itself against this holy and Catho-
lic Faith. Let such persons, when con-
demned, be left to the secular powers, to
be punished in a fitting manner. And
let the secular powers be admonished,
and, if need be, compelled, that they should
set forth an oath, that to the utmost of
their power, they will strive to exterminate
all heretics, who shall be denounced by the
Church. But if any temporal Lord shall
neglect to cleanse his country of this here-
tical filth, let him be bound by the chain
of excommunication. If he shall seom to
make satisfaction, let it be signified to the
supreme Pontiff that he may declare his
vassab to be absolved from their fidelity."
" The Council of Constance, A.D. 1415,
decided that faith was not to be kept with
heretics to the prejudice of the Church."
Cp. 98.)
These are well known facts, and they
prove the Church of Rome to be an
intolerant, persecuting Church ; they
prove that the fires of Smithfield were
no momentary ebullitions of transient
bigotry, but the results of settled prin-
ciples, woven into the very constitu-
tion of the Romish Church — sins from
which she cannot be purged until the
has exhibited at least that first token
of penitence, the repeal of the perse-
cuting statutes. But what are Mr.
Lathbury's conclusions ?
** By these Councils all heretics are de-
20
282
Revixw.— Lathbiiry*B Guy Fawka.
[Mvd,
TOted to destfttction. TkeyproeMmprinm
elples exactly HmUar to thote on wkieh the
cotupiratoTM acted; in other words, the
conspirators acted on the principles pro-
mulgated by these Connols as those of
the Church of Rome." (p. 98.)
And then, after alluding to the Bull In
Coena Domini read before the Pope every
Maunday Thursdayi and by which Bull aU
Protestants are excommunicated, he adds,
" Such are the principlea of the RomUh
Church as embodied in her Councils and
her canon law. Jfthey are truct then the
Gunpowder Contptraton were justified in
their proceedings, nay, they were acting
a meritorious part in the prosecution of
that design,'' (p. 101.)
Now what does this amount to ? The
Romish Church says, " All heretics,
when condemned, shall be left to the se-
cular powers to be punished," and all
'* heretics are ipso facto excommuni-
cated." Mr. Lathbury concludes, —
therefore they may be assassinated, trai-
torously murdered, blown up with gun-
powder ! We will not ask is this conclu-
sion reasonable, but, can it be honest ?
If Mr. Lathbury's inference were
fairly deducible as a consequence from
the doctrines he has cited, still it would
not be right to impute that consequence
to the Roman Catholics, who are
known to reject it ; but, it is not fairly
deducible. Common sense anticipates
rules of logic, and rejects it the instant
it is proposed. Tne law said one
thing, the conspirators contemplated
another. The law designed a barba-
rous but an open judicial punishment ;
the conspirators meditated a concealed
and treacherous act of murder. Mr.
Lathbury's conclusion cannot be de-
fended except we are also prepared to
defend the following : — Because our
law says of him who wilfully, and by
premeditation, sheds man's blood, that
by man shall his blood be shed ;
therefore, it would have been meritori-
ous in any one to have killed Thurtell,
before trial, and without the interven.
tlon of judge or jury.
We grieve in our very hearts when
we meet with such injudicious and
reprehensible publications as this. We
need not make professions of attach-
ment to the Church of England ; our
consistent defence of its rights and
privileges at all times and seasons,
" through good report and evil report,"
in times of laxity and in times of fa-
naticism, when chnrcht auliiority
sought to be raised beyond the
of scripture, and when the very nofcUm
of the true nature of the Church wat
almost overwhelmed in the flood of
indifference and dissent— oar condocfc
in these, and all other seasons of diffi-
culty and peril, bears witness for ns.
We look upon our Churchy bailt opoA
the rock of an apostolical confession of
faith, and watered by the blood of the
martyrs, as the best gift which Provi-
dence has bestowed upon ns, the
source of all our other blessings^ the
richest treasure committed to oar cmre,
and, as such, we would defend it with
all the weapons which a Christian mwj
use. Its defence is the noblest cnnae
in which a man can be engaged, and
it should call forth his best energies
and highest powers; learning, elo-
quence, ratiocination, every good gift
should be set apart and consecratedts
this holy use ; but never let it be said
that the defence of such a cause was
deformed by anything that wore even
the appearance of exaggeration or un-
truth. We think as badly of the
Church of Rome as Mr. Lathbarj
can. We know that her leading tenets
are unscriptural ; we protest againet
her claim to infallibility ; * her ad-
mixture of human merits in the work
of justification ; her deeds of supere-
rogation ; her reception of traditions
and of the Apocrypha in proof of
doctrines which contradict the canoni-
cal scriptures ; her tenet of the trans-
substantiation of the sacramental ele-
ments ; her alleged sacrifice of Uie
mass ; her multiplication of mediators.
and invocation of angels, of the Blessed
Virgin, and of saints i her denial of the
cup to the laity ; her doctrine of in-
dulgences and of purgatory ; her dis-
tinction between venial and mortal
sins ; her shutting up the Bible from
the people ; her prayers in an unknown
tongue; her restraint of marriage;
her superstitious fables and feigned
miracles invented for purposes of da-
* Vide a Sermon entitled *•
ism and Popery/* in Melvill's
vol. II. Lond. 1838, one of the
maries of the distinctions
two *' modes of fedth *' which hss
in our days. The volume
Gent. Mag. XII. p. 368.
between thi
1 840.] REViEW.-^Laurie's Proceedings^ SfC, at Bethtem HosfHal, 283
ccption ; against all these doctrines
and practices we protest, and we would
that every hill and valley should re-
sound with the testimony of the Holy
iicripture and right reason against
them. That is the mode of defence
which the servant of Christ should
adapt against the invidious aggressions
and dangerous deceits of this crafty
enemy, and in that defence none will
join more heartily than ourselves. God
only knows whether any resistance
can now be successful. The aspect of
the times is discouraging, the combi-
nation against the Church, as an Estab-
lishment, increases both in power and
in numbers : but let no one despair ; it
is not for us to judge of the times and
the seasons. Let each man in his own
person and his proper sphere give
proof of the efficacy of the doctrines
and ordinances of our Church ; let no
one borrow weapons from the armoury
of craft and deception : but bear in
mind that the downfal of the Estab-
lishment, if it should ever come, will
not be the destruction of the Church.
She will still retain her hold upon our
allegiance, which is a tie that no
human legislature can sever ; she will
still remain the dispenser of those
sacramental ordinances which alone
can give life to the soul ; and, under
all circumstances, and in every situ-
ation, she will never cease to teach
her children not merely to avoid, but
t«) abhor, everything " that loveth and
makcth a lie."
A Narrative of th^ pror^ings ai the
laying 0/ the first atone of the New
liuHiiinya at Bethlem Hofpital, on
Viurtday, the 26fh day of July,
1H3S; irt/A historical notew and it-
lustrations, and official documents.
By Peter Laurie, Ksq. LL.H. one of
the Ciovsmors, (Privately Printed.)
THE increased demand upon the
resources of Hcthlem Hospital (it ap-
pears), had for some time induced the
(iovernors to turn their attention to
the expediency and practicability of
enlarging the present building, when-
ever the state of their funds should
enable them to do so. The resvlt has
been the erection of additional build-
ings to the present hospital, for the
accommodation of 16() patients, above
the 193 for which it was originally
constructed. The first stone was laid
by the President, Sir Peter Laurie;
and the principal part of this pamphlet
is occupied by the speeches, and other
proceeaings, on the occasion.
The historical notes appended to
the speech of Sir Pettr Laurie contain,
among other matters, an account of
the ancient Priory of Bethlehem*
founded by Simon Fitz-Mary, in 1247#
at Bishopsgate, the parent of the pr«-
sent excellent establishment. Thia
note contains a curious notice of the
singular armorial bearings of this
hospital.
" These arms/' it is said, *' are uiually
blazoned Argent, two bars s^le, m fits if
five pcmts giUes, on a chief axwrt on c/oiAl
of sixteen rays or, charged with a ptai9p
thereon a cross of the third, between a
human skull placed on a cup on the
dexter side, and a basket of WasteU
bread, all of the fifth, on the sMeter*
Bishop Tanner observes, howerer, that
he was was informed by John Anstia,
Garter King of Arms, that the ensigaa
were Argent, two ban sable, a label of
three points gales, on a chief azure a comet
with ten rays or, oppressed with a torteau
charged with a plain cross of the field, be-
tween a chalice or, with an hosty of the
first, and a basket of the same. Widi
respect to any signification to be assigned
to these bearings, there is probably bo
positive information extant ; but, suppos-
ing them to be really ancient, it may be
observed that the bars and file in tiie
principal part of the shield were mott
likely the arms of Simon Fitz-Mary ih^
founder, which would account for their itty
prominent situation. The etoile, or blazing
star on the blue chief evidently refers to
the star seen in the sky at the birth of
Christ, which led the wise men to Beth-
lehem, and, therefore, properly became its
peculiar badge ; whilst the cross in the
centre indicates the crucifixion of tibe
Saviour for all mankind. The basket of
bread has possibly also an allusion to
Bethlehem, since the best translation of
that word is considered to be " the house
of bread,** as implying a fertile soil in the
production of barley and wheat, noticed
in the book of Ruth, chapter 3 ; but as
wastcU cakes were anciently especiaUy
used in Christian ceremonies and festiTals,
they might be designed as the Englidi
emblem of the birthplace of the Lord.
Perhaps no satisfactory signification can
be assigned to the present bearing of a
cup containing a skull ; but if the blasoii
of these arms given hr Anstis to Bishop
Tanner be aocqited, the chalioe surmouaU
284 Review.— Crefly's Practical Treatise on Bridge Building. [March,
ed by the consecrated wafer will then be
intended for the usual ecclesiastical figure
of the sacrament; and perhaps also ex-
presses that the Saviour bom at Bethle-
hem, the house of bread, was ' the living
bread which came down from Heaven.'
Upon the same principle of interpretation,
however, if the star be regarded as indi-
cating Christ and his passion, the cup
with the skull might be meant to desig-
nate the * death which he tasted for every
man ' in the cup of his own sufferings at
Gethsemane and at Golgotha, * the place
of a skull.' Another armorial ensign
assigned to the ancient hospital of Beth-
lehem is Azure, an etoile of eight points or,
and the connection between this founda-
tion and that of Bridewell, which is under
the same Governor, is indicated by the
latter bearing the star of Bethlehem on a
chief azure, between two fleurs-de-lis."
A MS. io the British Museum of
" Heraldic Collections, by Ferrers,
Strangman, &c." Lansdowne MS.
S60 A, contains a tricking of the arms
of "the house of Bedlam, near Lon-
don/' agreeing with those given on the
authority of Anstis, which no doubt
were the original arms ; the skull was
probably substituted for the sacra-
ment at the dissolution, as the bearing
of the host in the ciborium would at
that time have been deemed supersti-
tious.
The work is illustrated with a view
of the old hospital, after the print in
Maitland's London, and a plan and
elevation of the present building,
showing the alterations made by Mr.
Sydney Smirke. The present hospital,
which, it appears, was designed by
Mr. Lewis, is perhaps the most un-
sightly building in London. The al-
terations effected by Mr. Smirke,
though in the same style of architec-
ture, have somewhat improved the
original structure.
A practical Treatise on Bridge Build-
ing, and on the equilibrium of vaults
and arches, JBy Edward Cresy, -r-frc/t.
C.E. andKS.A.
THE portion of the work now be-
fore us consists of plates only. It
comprises seven engravings of eleva-
tions and sections of London bridge,
erected by Sir John Renaie. The size
and boldness of the engravings are al-
most sufficient to carry to a scientific
eye a sufficient conception of the
structure, w^ithouttheaid of a descrip-
tion. The elevation of the centering
in London bridge forms a very inte-
resting subject. The bridges over the
Earn in Scotland, and at Stoneleigh,
Warwickshire, built by Mr. Rennie ;
a Railway bridge over the Lea in
Essex, by Mr. Braithwaite; the
bridge of St. Maxence in France* by
Perronet ; a skew arch over a street in
Birmingham, by Mr. Buck; and the
new Bow bridge, by Mr. Walker ; are
equally ably illustrated.
We are pleased to see that Mr.
Cresy does not pass over the ancient
buildings of this country, which* for
science and construction, will not
yield the palm to any modern work.
Wells Cathedral, with its matchless
Chapter House, and Bath Abbey* are
displayed in sections. In one very es-
sential particular, the architects of an-
cient times shewed a vast superiority
of genius above modern designers ; they
succeeded in combining with the ex-
ertion of the utmost powers of minds
fully imbued with science a taste for
picturesque effect. From this cause*
what a beautiful object is the scientific
roof of a Gothic cathedral, when com-
pared with the naked and bald designs
of the modern bridges. This will be
plainly seen by a reference to the pre-
sent work, where the sections of the
two cathedrals may be easily con-
trasted with the bridges of Rennie and
Perronet ; and the superiority of the
ancient architect will be seen in the
exquisite combination of the science
of the engineer with the taste of the
artist. Judging from what appears
to be only a small portion of the entire
work, we can safely recommend to
our scientific readers Mr. Cresy's
publication, which we trust will re-
ceive an extended patronage.
A comparative View of Ancient Hitlmy,
embracing a sketch of ttie cotUempo-
rary history of the nations of tmii»
quity. To which are added, an
explanation of Chronological ^ras»
and a review of the different ancieni
and modern systems of compuiittg
Time, By Joshua Toulmin Smith.
12mo, pp, 123.
SO many volumes of history are in
a course of publication, that it is im-
possible to notice them all* or even to
bestow much attention on such as aie
noticed. That criticism should ke^
1840.] REviEW^^^SmitVs Comparative View of Ancient History. 285
pace with publication in so prolific an
age of literature, is impossible ; neither
can sufficient time be allotted to every
volume, to enter into all its details.
To give a critical opinion on a single
bmail book, requires not only some
previous acquaintance with the sub-
ject, but a regular perusal of its con-
tents, an inspection of its statements,
a collation of its authorities, and a
reference to other writers who have
treated the same topics, to say nothing
of the mental excursions which natu-
rally grow out of the examination.
How then is it possible that all, or
indeed many volumes, should receive
huch close attention ? In most cases
a bird's-eye glance must suffice, or at
best a rapid perusal. And to say the
truth, the majority of authors and
publishers wish for no more. All
they desire is an eulogistic paragraph,
^uch as may be advantageously quoted
in the next advertisement, and if this
be elicited, it matters not whether the
criticism itself be superficial or pro-
lound.
The book now under consideration
belongs to a class that may justly be
railed cni'ic- ieazers, because they are
extremely difficult to examine. Nar-
ratives may be compared to a river,
over which the boat glides smoothly ;
but works which arc written in de-
tached hciitences may be compared to
shallows, along which wc must push
our way with the oars, and often find
ourselves aground.
The author has a double object in
composing this work, that it may
serve as " a class-book in the study of
history," and also as " an assistant
and book of reference in general pri-
vate reading." If we were disposed
to dismiss it hastily, wc should say
that it was too concise for the former
object, and too contracted for the
latter. In our opinion (not an inex-
perienced one) it is not from books of
this description that youth should be
taught ; for young minds are little in-
terested, except by narrative. On the
other hand, a view of ancient history
on the chronological plan should be
nearly as copious as Martin, or Leng-
let-Dufresnoy. But, waiving the ques-
tion of copiousness. La Harpc has
Kivcn an opinion on works of this
kind, which is too appropriate to be
omitted. "Such abridgments (he
observes) are not really useful till one
has read each particular history in the
authors who have treated it best, a
knowledge of whom is supposed by
these rapid summaries, without which
one can only draw from them a very
superficial instruction."* On this
ground Mr. Smith's production most
be considered as an advanced, and
not as an elementary book.
The work proceeds chronologically^
with dates and running titles in the
margin, and the events of different
nations are given as synchronically
as possible, so that the reader has the
contemporary history of an entire cen-
tury in a short space. We would ex-
tract an entire century, but that in the
later ages, when only the work can be
fairly judged, this would occupy too
much room. Nor can we dwell, at
any length, on single passages, as it
would be endless to do so, when the
turn of a sentence would afford ground
for a long discussion. We cannot as-
sent to the tradition, " that buildingM,
and even inscribed pillars," remained
afler the deluge (p. 12.) There is an
awkwardness, when speaking of Sir
John Marsham, in telling us that he
was " one of the six clerks in chan-
cery ;" and we would positively recom-
mend the expunging of any such irre-
levant matter, which is only excusable
in a novice, such as the author (who
has published other books) would not
wish to be thought. Nor is it neces-
sary to add what is known to every-
body, that he (Marsham) was "a
most learned man." The author is
sceptical as to the accounts of Cecrops,
Cadmus, and Pelops, not considering
(perhaps) that fictions are often over-
charged truths. Parkhurst justly ob-
serves, that Cadmus seems to have had
his appellation from Oip Kedem the
east, q. d. The eastern, W> mast
demur to the assertion that Sarda-
napalus " was given up. only to the
gratification of his sensual pleasures."
He may, like Holkar, the Mahratta
chief, have sunk from military acti-
vity into indolence and luxury, bat
there is ample evidence that such was
not always his character. However^
if the author here adopts too implicitly
the popular opinion, he makes some
amends by rejecting it in the case of
* Hist. lilt, vol in* p. 147.
286 R£yiEW.--"Smith's Comparative View of Ancient HUiory. [Mafehi
Alexander the Great, whose alleged
drunkenness he seemingly treats with
contempt, and the entire sentence de-
serves to be copied.
" In the midst of his victorious pro-
gress, and when the most arduous por-
tion of his task had been accomplished ;
when that which remained was to improve
the means which he had attained, he was
seized with a fever, which carried him off
when only in the thirty-third year of his
age,— -eight years after he had achieved the
conquest of Persia ; leaving behind him a
name celebrated alike in the annals of Ori-
ental writers, and in those of his own
country.** p. 44.
In his views of Roman history he
adopts the received account; but a
manual of this kind is not the place to
introduce the Niebuhrian theories,
which are rather too young at present
to be transplanted into every text as
established facts. "With regard to the
death of Hipparchus, it is very pro-
perly stated that he was killed in a
tumult, originating in individual jea-
lousy, (p. 35.) The patriotic objects
of Harmodius and Aristogiton are,
indeed, imaginary, but they have re-
ceived the sanction of so many later
writers that they will not easily be
displaced from the place they occupy
in the minds of men.
It would be unfair to judge a writer
rigorously by what he says concerning
doubtful matters, before we come to
firm historical ground. There it is
that he must be judged most strictly,
and there, wc must candidly say, the
author appears to most advantage. As
the facts are common and trite, it is the
arrangement and expression to which
we must chiefly look. Thus, for in-
stance, (p. 39) he terms the Pelopon-
nesian war, " a war in which most of
the states of Greece joined, and which
proved disastrous and weakening to
them all." Again, (p. 40) he says,
" the interference of a foreign power
was from this time felt, and the gold of
Persia gave her an influence in divided
Greece, which her arms had in vain
striven to attain over united Greece."
It can scarcely be said that Philip of
Maccdon brought the sacied wars to
a close in the battle of Checronea;
still the expression may be vindicated,
in some sense, as that battle grew out
of the last of the sacred wars ; but wc
would advise the author to modify it.
He has not, we think, done justice to
the character of Philip, hot has taken
it too readily from his enemies. Tlie
defeat of the Gauls by Camillos (p. 46)
is not warranted by Polybius* who is
the best authority in this case. He
justly calls the last Philip of Maeedon
(p. 47) " a monarch of great energy/*
for in fact he has generally been under-
rated, and almost the only exceptions
are our author and Dr. Gast. " The
Achaean league (he well observes) was
able to do little more than manifest
how great the power of Greece might
have been, if there had been continued
union, instead of dissention, between
the Grecian states." (p. 48.) Recha-
racterises Egypt exactly (p. 62) : "We
find Egypt still sinking, and, like most
other states, experiencing the inter-
ference of the Roman power." His
parallel of the Pharisees and the Sad-
ducees with the Romanists and the
Protestants, the former as maintaining
the equal authority of tradition with
Scripture, and the latter as maintain-
ing that the truth was in Scripture
only, is ingenious ; but, if it 1)e drawn
out very far, it will break. Protestants
certainly will not thank him for com-
paring them to a sect, who denied the
resurrection and the spiritual world.
He says aptly (p. 53) that " A contest
took place between the members of the
Achaean league and Rome, in the issue
of which the existence of the Grecian
name was fatally involved." His po-
litical observations relate solely to an-
cient history, and this ought to have
been pointed out. The evils which he
attributes to monarchies existed in a
greater degree in republics. The in-
valuable discoveries of modern times
have changed the aspect of politics, and
combined the excellences of the several
forms of government. Thus, in our
monarchy, we enjoy the stability pe-
culiar to that state ; in responsible
ministers we have an executive aris-
tocracy ; while in an elected represen-
tation, the democratical principle is ad-
mitted to the fullest share of govern-
ment, which it is capable of exercising.
The comparative chronological tables
will be found useful. An explanation
of the several chronological eras is
given, which is servic^le for the
various modes of computing time m
1840.]
ReVikw.-^ Wake's Sauthwold.
287
ancient and modern history.* The
volume ends with some questions, ap-
parently intended for youthful readers,
but which will be serviceable, as exer-
cises for the memory, to all.
Southwold and its Vieinity, Ancient
and Modem, By Robert Wake,
M.R.C.S.L. Svo, pp. 420.
SOUTHWOLD is a watering-place,
and everybody knows the general cha-
racter of watering- place topography.
It might be properly called the Eulo-
gistic style ; commencing with general
eulogies on the earth, air, and water ;
the site, climate, prospects, rides and
• walks, field and flood, shipping and
dipping ; and then proceeding to par-
ticular eulogies on the crescents, ter-
races, and villas ; the apartments and
the lodgings, the hotels and libraries,
the baths and machines, flys, socia-
bles, and donkeys ; and so through all
the paraphernalia which contribute to
the health or amusement of the invalid
or the robust, the young or old, gay or
grave ; the whole interspersed with
highly seasoned compliments to the
several purveyors of these convenien-
ces and luxuries, from the popular
preacher or sage physician, through
the various grades of the obliging li-
brarian, the "talented" artist, the
graceful danscuse, the attentive driver,
the loquacious boatman, the considerate
bather, and the venerable retailer of
star-fish, shells, and sea-weed. To
execute this agreeable task in the most
engaging manner, the pen is never
wielded more suitably than by one of
the medical profession ; no one is better
versrd in the sttaviter in modo, no one
can tinge his lights more brilliantly
with the couIpw de rote; above all, no
one can so learnedly fill with grave
physiological discussion a certain
number of pages, which form a con-
venient barrier between what one likes
to read at the beginning, and what one
has occasionally need to consult at the
end.
Mr. Wake must pardon our having
taken the liberty of drawing this slight
sketch of a watering-place guide ; for,
though it would be unfair to class his
goodly tome with the common run of
such productions, it is an unquestion-
able specimen of the Eulogistic style,
amplified (which is not difficult to be
done) into an octavo shape. We will do
him the justice to say that for South-
wold "Modem " it is very complete,
describing in succession the scenery
and edifices, the trading and the bath-
ing, the antiquitiesf (slightly and un-
scientifically), the historical annaU
(much better, at least for modern
times), the natural history^ (completeat
of all), rides and walks, &c. &c. But,
for Southwold " Ancient," it is well for
the lover of genuine topography that
the town has already been more satis-
factorily treated, eighty-five years ago,
by Mr. Thomas Gardner, in his " His-
torical Account of Dunwich, Blith-
burgh, Southwold," &c. 4to. 1754, a
work elaborated in the spirit of a sin-
cere student of antiquities.
It is true that Mr. Wake has been
enabled to commence his volume with
the display of some grave errors in Mr.
Gardner's quotations from Domesday';
for the old historian (beside omitting
the remarkable word heia maris, which
we shall notice presently) has Quarie-
rias for quarenienas, and usque venu$
Nemus for usque Jernesmua (i. e. Yar-
mouth) ; but it is to be remembered
that Domesday Book had not been
printed in Gardner's time, nor does he
seem to have had access to the original,
but to have received his extracts at
second hand from Le Neve's Collec-
tions. This makes his " inaccuracy "
not so " unaccountable" as Mr. Wake
suggests.
Southwold was a manor belonging
to the abbey of Bury, and its rental
was assigned, as was customary, with
* Qti. would it not be in better taste, to omit the expression, absurdly enoupk,
tt p. 113?
t Amont; those is classed a oollection of coins, which are treated as having been
found at Southwold, though chiefly brought from London, and the hie et uiique custo-
mary with collectors 1
X To the perusal of this part of the work we particularly commend those learned
members of the Linnsean and Zoological Societies, who are in search of the rmrer
species of the animal creation.
288
Review. — Wake*8 Southwold,
[Mardi,
the great monasteries to a particular
department of their wants, viz. ad tncium
monackorum, for the provisions of the
monks. Mr. Wake says this is
•' quaintly expressed ;" but we confess
we cannot perceive how it could have
been stated in a more simple or busi-
ness-like way. There was at South-
wold one carucate of arable land, with
five villans and four bordars; and
another carucate in the demesne, et
quatuor hominum, where a word seems
deficient, and it may be doubtful
whether the present writer is not
less correct than his predecessor
when he translates "and the land
of four tenants," instead of " and four
ploughmen," which is Gardner's ver-
sion. We do not approve of the word
carve as a translation for carucaia;
though found in Co well's Law Diction-
ary ; we think it was never an English
word. It is here taken, we see, from
Gardner, and by him from Swinden's
History of Great Yarmouth ; the latter,
however, does not use it in translat-
ing Domesday, but in quoting the
statute 28 Edw. 1. "wn carue de terre,
a carve of land." It is, in fact, the
same word as carucate, but in an
abbreviated French (not an English)
form, to be spelled with an u not a v.
Another word, which is really pecu-
liar to the Domesday survey of South-
wold, is Heia maris, literally a " sea-
hedge."
** Medietas unius heiemaris et quorta
pars^ alterius] medietatis. Tunc reddebat
viginti millia alletium ; mode viginti quin-
quemillia.''
Mr. Wake says this sea-hedge is
" what is now called a pitched net or
choll net ;" in which we find he fol-
lows Sir Henry Ellis.*
We will now leave what Mr. Wake
has, too faint-heartedly for a topogra-
pher, termed " the fogs and frosts of
Domesday, and the frequent rifts of
rocks amongst which its antiquated
definitions are so perilously, because
so invisibly, imbedded," to notice the
following passage, in which his good
vessel, the haziness rather increasing
than passing off, runs aground on a
less dangerous shore :
** The name, as is generally known,
was written Sudwald or Southwood.
' Probably,' writes the accomplished m-
thor of the beauties of England and Wales,
' it was thus named from a wood near it —
as the western confines still retain the
appellation of WooDs-SNn MAasBKS
and Woods-end Creek.* On this point,
which the classical pen of Frederic Shoberl
seems to have placed among the proba-
bilities of mere conjecture, we are mubled
to adduce authorities. The extract from
the Harleian MiscelUmy, adduced in the
Appendix, will prove that * the wood
BovENs, as it seems to have been called/
supplied to its occupier, Thomas Barrowe,
who held it on account of services done to
the King, no less than twenty acres of
meadow, as well as one knight's Dee.*'
Now, who that accomplished person *
might be to whose skill (in distant
subservience to the great Anther of
nature) we were to attribute the
beauties of England and Wales, — whe-
ther Mr. Capability Brown, or Mr.
Humphrey Repton, or the no less
celebrated Mr. Loudon of our own
days, we should have been utterly at
a loss to determine, had not the
subsequent mention of the " classical
Shoberl " assisted us to the truth that
it was the book called " The Beaaties
of England and Wales " that was here
referred to ; but of that book Mr. Shoberl
was so far from being the author, that
he only compiled the single volame
containing the counties of Suffolk,
Surrey, and Sussex. His work was
done by the volame, and of course no
very deep or accurate investigation is
to be expected from it ; and we may
ask whether it would not have better
become an historian of the place to
have formed an independent judgment
of his own, than to have run after any
casual bookmaker, however accom-
plished, who merely fiew by, elegantly
sipping the " beauties " as he went ?
But here we have something still
more extraordinary to disclose. The
words quoted are, after all, not those
of the accomplished Shoberl, bat were
first written by the despised and ne-
glected Gardner, the very exordiam of
whose " Historical Account of South-
wold " is as follows : —
** This place, in olden time, was called
Suwald, Suwalda, Sudholda, Sonthwand,
♦ Ellis's Domesday, I. 144. Kelham, p. 229, noticing this passage, says, " Lee«
tor ! tu tibi (Edipus esto.'' No example of the phrase is given by Ducange.
8
/
1840.]
RETliw.»W«ke'a SouthmoU.
289
and Soathwood; probably from a wood
growing near; for the western confines
still retain the appellation of Wood's End
Marshes and Wood's End Creek."
However, as we said before, a little
deeper investigation would have better
become an historian of the place than
a blind acquiescence in any predeces-
sor ; and to conduct his steps in this
investigation Mr. Wake would have
required no more unattainable guide
than Johnson's Dictionary, where he
would have found it very clearly
stated, on the authority of Bishop
Gibson, that
<(
Woldf whether singly or jointly, in
the names of places, signifies a plain open
country ; from the Saxon fro/a, a plain
and a place without woods.*'
He would thus at once have been
out of the woods into which the ac-
complished Shoberl had enticed him ;
and, though the foga might still have
partially obscured his view, he might,
had he kept in sight the Pharos of
Gibson, been led by a better fortune
to tlie terra firma of Camden, who has
given Southwold this brief but inte-
resting notice : —
** On the south side of this point
(EiLstoD-ness) lies Southwold, m a plain
open to the sea,* much resorted to on
account of its port, formed by the mouth
of the Blith, and at high water surrounded
in such a manner as to look Uke an island,
HO that one would wonder the water does
nut rover it. So that it reminds me of
Cicero's observation, * What but Provi-
dence forms the tides on the coasts of
Spain and Britain, and causes their regular
Hux and reflux ? ' the same Providence that
ha.s ordained the waves themselves."
" But surely," we think wc hear
Mr. Wake exclaim, "aurely the ac-
complished Shoberl did lead me into
a wood ; and a wood it certainly was,
for I protwi it by mv authorities from
the liarMan Mucellany." As we find
theHc authorities in the Appendix, p.
405, we feel bound to extract them,
though it turns out that they come not
from the Harleian Miscellany, but the
Harlcian Manuscripts: —
** Of the wood BovKNs, formerly ex-
isting in Southwold and noticed in our
Hrit chapter, we give the following in-
♦ There is a JVbrMwold in Norfolk, in
the high land just above the Fens, and
near it are Methwold and Hockwold. lUv,
Gs^TT. Mag, Vol. XI II,
formation, extracted firom the iizth vol. ,
Si^. Collect page 4, into which it had
been copied from the HarkUm ManU'
seriptt : —
** In Southolde wood, (Botfent) sic vo-
cata teift {tenetur) p. (per) Thomam
Barrowe sibi et hered. (hertdibua) snis
de Rg. (Rege) in ea (eapite) p. (pro) serv
(tervitio) xx. a. pti (prmtt) unius feodi
militis, 35 h viii— at Newton Hall joxta
Sudbury."
This is copied literatim from Mr.
Wake's page. We can scarcely sup-
pose that he could be aware that " 35
H viii " implies the 35th year of the
reign of Henry VIII. for if so he would
surely have perceived that the exist-
ence of a wood at that date was a very
poor " authority " indeed for the ety-
mology of a name many centuries
older.
But we have now something more
to tell : we have followed Mr. Wake
to his Miscellanies, and cannot find
any Bovens at all ! The words he
has misquoted
*' In Southold wood boscu sic vocat*,*
&c. (Jermyn's Suffolk Collections, voL VI.
f. 10^ MS. Addit. Brit. Mas. 8173.)
This does not say that Southold wood
was called Bovbns, but that a cer-
tain boMcus was called Southold wood.
We have not stopped here; we have
pursued, as an historian of Southwold
ought to have done, Mr. Jermyn to hia
auUiority, which is the MS. Harl. 1232*
f. 309, a volume of extracts from the
escheats relating to Suffolk ; and there
we have found thtit Mr. Jermyn has
himself committed an error. The
passage, after all, doee not relate to
Soutluoold in any way, but it speaks
of " a wood called Southolde wood "
in the parish of Newton, near Sod-
bury, in a distant part of the county.
This will be fully proved by the fol-
lowing more complete extract from the
same escheat, to which the preceding
is only what is technically termed, by
calendar and index makers, a cross
reference :
** Newton hall M. juxta Sudbury com
pertin* in Newton et advocac* eccl'ie de
Newton, bote* voc* Southolde tpoad, Bran-
don wood, little westwood, hoppes close,
hockett close, et al* terr* et hereditament*
in Newton, tent' per Thomam Barrowe sibi
et hered' suis dc R. in ca. per servic.
xx*' partis unius feodi militis pro 13 po.35
H. 8.»'— (MS. Harl. 1232, p. 24«.)
2 P
290
Review. — Wake*fi Southwold,
[Marcli»
After this it is hardly necessary to
point out to Mr. Wake that there is
here nothing about twenty acres of
meadow, but that the words which he
has so translated speak of the twen-
tieth part of a knight's fee. He is not
contented with inventing woods, but he
must invent meadows also.
So much for the Harleian Miscellany
and the Harleian Manuscripts, or as
they are elsewhere still more amusingly
termed, the Manuscript Miscellanies;
for we have not space to bestow on the
correction of the other extracts from
the same source ; but we cannot pass
unnoticed the misnomer under which
one of the worthy and estimable col-
lectors of the materials which are here
so misused appears in p. 353. We there
find some " extracts from Jermyn and
Davies' Suffolk Collections, vol. iv."
quoted in a way which would lead an
ordinary reader to suppose some
printed book was referred to. Now,
we think even a printer of Suffolk (or
Norfolk) should have known that the
second of the two names here men-
tioned is Davy, not Davies.* The said
collections were formed by Henry Jer-
myn, of Sibton, esq. and David Elisha
Davy, esq. who collected in unison,
but with separate transcripts of their
MSS. Mr. Jermyn died in 1820, and
his volumes, having been purchased
by Hudson Gurney, esq. V.P.S.A.
were most liberally presented by that
gentleman to the British Museum in
the year 1830 ; Mr. Davy is still living
at the pleasant village of Ufford, sur-
rounded by his MSS. — " Manuscripts
and Miscellanies," — and long may he
live, an honour to the county to which
he has so patriotically devoted his
time and his studies.
Another misnomer, almost as sur-
prising, occurs at p. 265, where the sig-
nature of the late Sir Charles Bunbory,
the County Member for nearly half a
century, is printed Banbury.
But what shall we say of the extra-
ordinary jumble at p. 406, where vre
find not merely two, but three '* single
gentlemen rolled into one," by " Uie
name of Richard de Hametis, Earl of
Clare, and subsequently King of Eng-
land, by the title of Richard I." with
the following note in further explana-
tion, " Richard I. was 5th ^rl of
Clare." ! ! !
Still, the " fogs and frosts" of hoar
antiquity do not hang over every page
of the History of Southwold. In some
parts it is not only clear enough, hut
brilliant to excess ; and, there is one
part in particular, relating to the liii-
gious transactions of the body corpo-
rate, in which the author has so boldly
given the reins to his eloquence, that
we have been requested by a critical
coadjutor t to insert a special rejoinder
to his remarks.
However, after making allowance
for all its defects, it may be conceded
that the volume contains a variety of
useful information. In the second
chapter, the architectural features of
the very fine church (erected in the
reign of Edward the Fourth^ are care-
fully § discussed with the assistance
of William Bardwell, esq. the West-
* In p. 329, the name of Mr. Henry Davy, the author of the Architectoral Anti-
quities of Suffolk, is also misprinted Davey.
f See the Correspondence of our present Number, p. 247.
I •* The spandrils (of the doorway t)f the Tower) are charged with a richly-canred
Dragon. These, with the Rose-en -soleil in one of the spandrils of the door at the
north, and with the Lions supporting the drip-stone of the door at the {west, are all
badges of Edward the Fourth ; and furnish indications, clear and intelligible, that the
church of Southwold, being ornamented with his emblems, had been erected in the era
of that monarch." This i)assage (in p. 51) which we presume is from the pen of Mr.
Bardwell, is satisfactory ; but the author completely contradicts it in pp. 42 and 43, in
which a letter M. carved as an ornament of the sous-base of the exterior of the porch, is
conjectured first to refer to Queen Mary, and then to '* Lady Margaret, in compliment
to Henry VII." This letter M. which is called in p. 42 a ** duplicated initial,^' is in
fact a monogram, combining all the letters of the name of the Blessed Virgin, MARIA.
It is of frequent occurrence in the churches of the Eastern counties which resemble
Southwold in period and style, in conjunction with other initials and monograms of a
like reliajious signification. We see from Gardner, p. 208, that at Southwold, besides
the " duplicated M." these are also the plain letters S. M., probably the initials
of San eta Maria.
§ When we say this, we do not mean to imply that Mr. Bardwell's remariu are ia
any way improved by the author retaining the very flowery essay on the church wUA
he had previously written, and in which '* with much labour and pains," (p, 417) he
1840.]
Review.— Wake's Southwold.
291
minster Improvements architect, and
author of " Temples, Ancient and
Modern/' who is a native of the place.
This gentleman has here proposed an
important change in the nomenclature
of Gothic architecture, to which we can
only do justice by extracting his argu-
ments : —
" The walla, which constitute the
framework of the entire edifice, are so-
lidly founded, strongly built, and suffici-
ently indicative of such a design as was
entirely consistent with the prospect of
durabihty. They are formed of rubble, ce-
mented together with an excellent mortar,
and faced with an ashlar of freestone.
Tliis again, with a view to strength as well
as beauty, is tastefully intermixed with
squared flints, which are generally ar-
ranged in pattern. The stone is some-
times so adjusted as to form the style
of single, or of a series of pannelt.
Or it becomes an arrangement for the
outlines of niches— o{ trefoils and quatre-
foils ; while the flint is used for filling in
these several figures. Sometimes too the
flint and freestone alternate in regular
h({uares, of five inches respectively, vary-
ing in other parts of the building from
three to four inches ; an effect which is
visible in the porch, and in the fascia
above the great western window. Imme-
diately below the nous-bate moulding, and
entirely round the edifice, runs a baud of
pannels. From hence, as from a well de-
fined starting; point, all the windows with
the exception of /rro, namely, the great
eiLHtern and western, systematically take
tlieir rise. The faces of the buttresses
will be found in like fashion, to be shaped
into panncls ; and the blank niches, which
contribute to this ap|iearance, will he de-
tected in various parts of the building,
partiruiarly on either side of the west en-
triin<e. Now it may be deemed worthy of
o)»Hervation while we arc treating of this
bubject, that the circumstance of covering
the surface with pannels, occasioned
( ? 8ui(gests) the appropriate designation
of TiiK EMi'ANNKLKn Styi.k to be
;;iven to this (the tliird) division of pointed
architecture. Our anxiety to call atten-
tion to a discovery which has been applied
with such acknowledged beauty and effect
to the exterior of Southwold church, may
be the more excusable, because Rickman,
instead of * the Hmpanneled/ which de-
signates the style at once, thought fit to
describe it as ' Me Perpendicular,* a term
altogether vague and inexpressive of any
meaning. We may further observe that
at the period when the Empanneled style
was adopted in other places besides South-
wold, various buildings began to be co-
vered with pannels both within and with-
out ; witness the Chapel of King's College,
Cambridge, and the Chapel of King
Henry the Seventh, at Westminster.**
Upon this we shall only remark
that, whilst it is confessedly difficult
to find generic terms of universal ap*
plication, the title Empanelled does
not appear to us to be so generalkf
applicable as Perpendicular, with
which we associate the idea of
straight lines, both upright and
transverse.
The plate of the Church, drawn by
Mr. Bardwell, and engraved by Mr.
G. HoUis, is all that could be wished^
for accuracy and beauty. The sepul.
chral memorials are somewhat too
summarily discussed ; for the epitaphs
relating to families of distinction, as
the Goochs, &c. should have been
given at length. We are glad a single
exception was made in favour of old
Gardner the Historian. He lies be-
tween his two wives, the first of whom
is thus recorded :
'* To the memory of Rachael, tlic wife
of Thomas Gardner, who died 9th
Ma^'ch 17^0, aged 35 years, and Rachael
their daughter, who died April IBth 17^»
aged \*2 years.
Virtu K crowned during Ufe1
Both the Daughter and the Wife."
And the second thus :
" Mary, the wife of Thomas Gardnert
died 3rd May 173[), aged 6^ years.
Honour ever did attend
Her just dealings to the end.*'
The centre stone is inscribed :
** To the memory of Tiiomah Gard-
NKR, Salt Officer, who died March 3(>th,
17(»;), aged 7f) years.
Between Honour and Virtuk here doth
lie
The remains of old Antiquity."
" embodied " Mr. BardwelPs description. It would have been better if here, as else-
where, he had learnt ** the art to blot.** We have looked in vain for a description
v( the very beautiful spiral lant«ru, apparently pUccd over the rood-loft, and intended
lor the Saint*i belt
292
REviEW.-^WrigWs PoUtieal Stmgi df England. [K(iirdi»
In his 8tli chapter the author has
given full particulars of Solebay fight,
fought on the 28th May 1672, in the
bay before Southwold ; but he might
have supplied some interesting toucnes
from the Diary of Mr. Evelyn, who was
sent to the coast by the King for the
Surpose of observing the fleets, and
as left on record some sensible and
affecting remarks, particularly on the
loss of the gallant Earl of Sandwich,
from the time when on the l6th of
the month, he saw the combined
English and French fleets pass Dover,
"in all 170 ships— such a gallant and
formidable navy never, I think, spread
saile upon y^ seas. It was a goodly
yet terrible sight, to behold them as I
did, passing eastward by the straights
betwixt Dover and Calais in a glorious
day . . ." and so to the 3rd of June,
when he " sailed to the fleete now
riding at the buoy of the Nore, where
i met his Majesty, the Duke, Lord
Arlington, and all the greate men,
in the Charles, lying miserably shat-
ter'd ; but y' misse of Lord Sandwich
redoubled the losse to me, and shew'd
the folly of hazarding so brave a fleete,
and losing so many men, for no pro-
vocation but that y*' Hollanders ex-
ceeded us in Industrie, and in all things
but envy."
Mr. Wake's History of Southwold
is followed by a brief account of the
several parishes of the Hundred of
Blything, under an alphabetical ar-
rangement. They are of course
treated, for the most part, in a brief
and summary manner. We shall con-
tent ourselves with two further ob-
servations.
At p. 288 is inserted the epitaph at
Little Bradley, of John Daye the ce-
lebrated printer and publisher of Fox's
Book of Martyrs ; but it is not no-
ticed that his sepulchral brass was
engraved and explained in the Gen-
tleman's Magazine for 1832, when it
was shewn, amongst other matters,
that the widow was " turnd to a
Stone " by her marriage to a second
husband so named.
In p. 333 it is stated that " a splendid
monument to the memory of Artlibr,
third son of Edward Cokb/' may be
seen in the chancel of Btanmeld
church. Perhaps the capitals were her^
intended to answer the purpoee both
of titles and dates: we thmk, how-
ever, the reader should have been
more distinctly informed that the
Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke ^ was
meant. We happen to have a copy
of the inscription on this monmiieDt 1
and, as we think it has not yet been
printed, we shall here insert it :
'* Here lyeth bvried Arthvr Coke, Eeq.
Third sonne of Sir Edward Coke, Knigfaty
late Lord Chiefe Jvstice uf England, & of
the Privye Covnsell of Kinge Jamea.
Here lyeth also bvried in the same tombet
Elizabeth, davghter and sole Heire Ap-
parent of S' George Waldegrave, Knight,
yr^^ Elizabeth Christianly and peaceably
departed this life the 14^ day of Novem-
ber, Anno Dni. 1627* And the Mid
Arthvr likewise Christianly and peaceablT
departed this life at Bury S*. Edmoaib
in this Covnty of Suffolk, on the 6^ day
of December, 1629.
'* They had issve betweene them»
livinge at their deceases, foore davghten*
viz: Elizabeth, Mary, Winifted, aad
Theophila, whom Almighty God proiper
and protect."
We will now conclude by remarking
that the several embellishmeots of
this book, both views and mapa» are
all good in their way, and will mate-
riallv contribute to make it acceptable
to tne modem reader, to whom the
author must turn for that meed of ap-
proval which the antiquary cannot
conscientiously bestow.
Tke Political S<mg$ of England, JHm
the Reian of John to that 0/ Edmard
II. Edited and tran$latedh!g^omMA
Wright, Eiq. M.A. F.8.A. ^.
[Printed for the Camden Soeietjf.}
4to.pp, 408.
WE shall be obliged to give bnt a
brief and inadequate review of this
very curious volume ; but we cahnot
allow our present Magazine to go
forth without some notice of it, as lu-
* See Sir Edw. Coke's record of his son Arthnr^s birth, among the genealogical and
antobiographical notes from his Vade Mecum, or pocket copy of LLttleton*! IWvnSt
in the Collectanea Topog. ct Genealog. vol. Y. p. 113.
1 840.] Revibw.— Wright's Potiiieal Songs of England.
293
ready wc are greeted by the presence
of the succeeding work of the Camden
Society, Sir John Hayward's Annals
of Queen Elizabeth, edited by Mr.
Hruce ; and such is the activity of that
well- planned and most popular body,
that two other strangers are even now
putting on their visiting costume,* and
** Another and another still succeeds.**
In this collection of" Political Songs,"
Mr. Wright has included as well those
poetical compositions which were pro-
duced with the object of encouraging
a party or promoting a popular enthu-
siasm; and those which in the form of
a ballad commemorated some success,
or satirised some prevalent folly ; with
some few others which might more
properly he termed historical poems
than songs, chiefly written in the
Latin verse of the monastic poets.
One of these, entitled "The Battle of
Lewes," is a poem of nearly a thousand
lines. It is, however, a highly in-
teresting and very remarkable compo-
sition. Mr. Wright remarks that it
" may be considered as the popular de-
claration of the principles with which
the barons entered into the war, and
the objects which they had in view.
It bears internal proofs of having been
written immediately after the decisive
battle of Lewes ; and the moderate and
deeply moral and religious feeling
which the reforming party here shows,
even in the moment of triumph, is ex-
tremely remarkable, and is closely
connected with the complaints against
the licentiousness of the other party in
the satirical songs which precede.
We might almost suppose ourselves
transported to the days of WicklifTe or
Cromwell."
Not having room for any specimens
of this poem, we refer to the volume
itself; but at the same time we must
direct attention to the very curious
note at p. 363, in which Mr. Wright
has brought together a collection of
ancient expositions of the relative du-
ties of sovereign and people, written at
* We allude to No. VIII. Ecclesiastical Documents, edited by the Rev. Joseph
Hunter; and No. XI. Kemp's Nine Daies Wonder, edited by the Rev. Alexander
Dyce. From a new List of the Society's Works, issued since the last meeting of the
Council) we f^nd the following Works have been placed on the Society's list since the
anniversary last year : —
Tlie Rutland Papers : Documents relating to the Coronation of Henry VIII., the
re^ulntion of his Household, the Field of the Cloth of Gold, and his interviews with
tl»r Kmperor, selected from the MS. collections of His Grace the Duke of Rutland. To
be edited by Wii.mam JsanAN, Esq. F.S.A., M.R.S.L.
The Chronicle of Hartholomew de Cotton, a monk of Norwich, from the earliest
jieriod to the year of our I^rd 1298. To be edited by John Bruce, Esq. F.S.A.
The Latin Poetry of Walter Mapes, Archdeacon of Oxford at the beginning of the
thirteenth century. To be edited by TnoMAs Wright, Esq. M.A., F.S.A.
I^tin Romance Narratives and Legends of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth
centuries, relating to King Arthur and other Heroes of the Welsh and Breton cycle of
Fiction. To be edited by Sir FRP.nERicK Maookn, K.H., F.R.S., F.S.A.
A Collection of I^etters and .State Papers relating to the Proceedings of the Earl of
Leicester in the Low Countries, in the years l."»^.') and l.'iHG, derived from a MS.
placed at the disposal of the Society by Frederick Ouvry, Esq. and other sources. To
be editetl by John Bri'CK, Esq. F.S.A.
The History of the Barons' Wars in the reign of Henry III. by William de
Rislmnf^r. To be edited by J. O. Hau.iwkll, Esq. F.R.S., F.S.A., &c.
A Collection of Short Moral Storit»s in Latin, selected from MSS. of the thirteenth
and fourteenth centurit»s, and accompanied by Translations. To be edited by Thomai
WRn;HT, K«(|. M.A., F.S.A.
A Collection of Miracle Plays, from the date of the earliest cxiiiting specimen to the
period when thev were superseded by Moral Plays ; including the unique Miracle
Play of Sir Jonatnas the Jew. To be preceded by a Dissertation shewing the man-
ner in which the change from Miracle Play to Moral Play was gradually effected; by
Jonv Paynk Coi.LiRR, Esq. F.S.A.
A Narrative of the ('ommntion in the County of Clare, and particularly of the
Siege of Bellyaly Castle, in 164 1 -'i, by Maurice Cuffe, Esq. the defender of the castle*
And " Macariae Exndium, or the destruction of Cyprus ;" a narrative, written in 1692,
f the struggle between James II. and William III. in Ireland, by Colonel Chariet
U'Kclly. To be edited by T. Croiton Crokkr, Esq. F.S.A., M.R.I.A.
I)
Review.— Wright's PoUHcal Bongi^ England. [Mini,
the Jive Beveral peri[>ds of the tenth
centurjr, the twelfth, tbc middle of the
thirteenth, the time of Edward III. and
Piera Ploughman, and the reign of
Richard II. as shown in the allitera-
tive poem before edited by Mr. Wright
for the Camden Society.
Not the least striking feature in
many of these compositions is the ex-
cessive freedom of the sentiments which
they sometimes convey. Mr. Wright
remarks tb at "The weak government
of Henry the Third, permitted every
party to give free utterance to their
opinions and intentions, and the songs
of this period are remarkably bold and
pointed."
The earliest piccea in the volume arc
four, assigned to the reign of King
John, — one in French on the siege of
Thouars, the second a Provencal »ir-
vtnte on the King, the third and fourth
in Latin. The remainder of the vo-
lume it pretty equally divided between
the next three reigns. It doges with
the days of Edward the Second : and
it is proposed by tbe editor
the ;
inotbe
bring it down to the fall of the housi
of York.
If, in making an extract from this
collection, wc were to be guided by
the curiosity of the compositions, we
should certainly select one of the
English songs ; which are full of in-
terest from thtir quainlocaa and sin-
gular allusions, anil from their philo-
logical value 1 but as the best of them
have already appeared {though not so
accurately) in the collections of Percy
and BitBon, we shall turn to a very
spirited Latin composition, which is
supposed to have been written in the
reign of King John.
We do not tbink that the Editor has
shown his happiest discrimination J
giving !■
with several
tnteclio tonlra avaritiam,
" L'tak contra vitui ormloe rrtielU t
Mel praponont alii, rel supponnot metU,
■ispnui cam animo fuieg rebellia
labors denult,nieniegtpleiui(CIllB;
n esl lotnin melteum quod eat liutar loeUu ;
iapecloTuquua ptllls.
It in 01
Picem l^unt u
slim
iguU capitis dolon.
El ridici conaoiut pomum in lapDre.
Roma muodi caput eat, sed nil ca[Ht muDdaid
Quod pendet a capite lolum «t inmoudiim ;
Transit enim vitium primum in secuDdam,
El (Ic fundoredolet quod est JiiitJt fandiUD.
Romacapit ainfulos et rea ■iDfolornm;
Bomanorum curia non eat nisi fgnim.
Ibi sunt venaliB jnra genatoriun,
ijuam, vel alCerlns, hoc in primia lesit, —
Nisi det pecuuiam Roma latum n^iat,
Qui plus dat pecunic melius alltgat.
Romani ctpitulum tiabent in decretis,
Ut petentes audiaut mauibus repletf a ;
Dabis, ant nan dabltur ; prlant quia petia ;
others, Ihc general title of a "Song oi
the Times ;" for it comprehends no
extended range of subject, but " liarpa"
throughout, with most amusing perti-
nacity, on abuses in causes ecclesias-
tical. Its old Latin titles are /woee/io
coRfro jWaTiliam, and !)•■ vcuerandu
jiatUin Romaaa. cariit, (p. 402) of
which the most cxphinatory and ace
rate paraphrase would be, " An In
tive against the V lity of the Ctc
Rome."
I, parco non est pvca ;
Nuninius est pro numint, et |iro Marco marca,
eiCKl minus (debris ara, quam sil area.
Ciini ail paiiam veneris, habe pro coBBtaatia
Son est locus pauperi, soli five! danti {
I'd 4i munus pni'stilum non eal aliqduti,
Kwptiiicli-l bic tibi sic, Non est micU tanlL
Papa, x\ rem tan)[inius, nomen habet ■ re,
liiriniuid liabcnt alii, solus vnilpapare)
lei M vf rbum Gallicuni
Pari. Pnr:, dim mot, i\
rnm sails dcderia, q
1 840.] Review.— .Wright's Political Songs of England.
29ii
Quid irrm p<»r sinifiila? colllirain suniniatiin,—
oiiiiies liiirsaiu stran^ulant, et evpirat statiin.
liiirsa taiiifii Tityi jcriir imitatur,
Kiiijit nvs, ut ro«U'at, ptrit, lit nascatur,
Kt Ihm* pacto loruluiii Roma depra'datiir,
It (Uin tutuin dederit, tutus iiupleatur.
lii'dcunt a curia capitc cornuto :
luia ttMu't Jupiter, cadum tenet Pluto,
Kt aciMHlit di^nitas aiiimali bruto,
Taatiuaui )C<'rnina stercori et pirtura luto.
Divitcs divitilius dant, ut .suinant ilii,
Kt (M-turrunt niunera relative sibi :
l>'\ est istacelebri.s, quain fererunt srribi,
Si tu inichi dederis, ejfo dalx) tilii. Finit/*
This song, says Mr. Wright, in his
introductory obscTvations,
** is supposed to liave l)cen written
(luring the interdict. In the fourth line
the lion is said to designate King John,
and the asses the liishops ; and nt the end
the King is represented by Jupiter, whilst
the Pope receives the contemptuous de-
^i^(nati()n of Pluto." (p. 14.)
and in his notes he adds that this infor-
mation is conveyed in two side notes in
Klacius lliyricus, who has printed this
song in his *' Varia Doctorum, &c. Poc-
inata," with the omission of the three
first stanzas, which he had previously
ixivcn as a separate song. Mr. Wright
admits, however, tliat there is nothing
to s1j(»w \vhether Fiacius Illyricus de-
rived these notes from a MS. or whe-
thjT they were written by him, or by
HdU', who is also found to (piote them.
In any case, we feci convinced that the
ex[)lanation is wrong. The three last
stan/.'ts evidently refer to those who,
liaving obtained episcopal dignities by
bribery at the Roman court, came
liomt' and recreated their purses by
selling inferior preferments in a simi-
lar way. Mr. Wright has well trans-
lated the line, " Kedeunt," &c.
" They return from the court with
mitred heads ;" and the next line
simply means that whilst the most de-
serving prelate, a Jupiter, was placed
in an inferior see. a simoniacal Pluto
was raised to the highest. If wc
judged only from internal evidence,
we should nay there was nothing in
this poem that fixed it either to the
country or the age of King John, much
less that alluded to him personally ;
but, at from the evidence of the seve-
ral MSS. in which it has been found,
there appears good reason to conclude
that it was coroposetl either by Walter
Mapet or tone other Englishman of
that time,* it certainly had a very good
claim for admission into the present
collection, and we may regard it as
evidence of the deplorable corruption
of the C hurch, in its liead and its
branches, in the thirteenth century.
Wc do not, however, at all coincide in
the suggestion that it was written
durimj the interdict : this seems rather
like the apology of some good Catholic
for meddling with so flagrant a libel
against Holy Mother Church. But we
do not believe any such thing; we re-
gard it as the indignant expostulation
of some high-spirited man at a time
"when the high road to Rome was most
thronged with suitors, and whilst the
pecuniary exhaustion arising from her
never ceasing extortions was most sg^
verely felt. The same grievances are
further depicted in a long Knglish
poem on ** Simonie," of the time of
Edward II. which Mr. Wright pro-
cured from the Advocates' Library at
Edinburgh, just in time to include in
his volume.
Here, we regret to say, we must
stop our pen : having first remarked
that the greater part of the collection
is accompanied by a close and careful
English translation — a matter of the
utmost assistance in the Norman
French and old English pieces ; that a
critical review of the subject is given in
the Introduction, and various matters
of great antiquarian and literary in-
terest are illustrated in the Notes ; and
that an appendixof fifty pages is occu-
pied with a valuable specimen of the
veritable French chronicle of Peter of
Langtoft, of which the English chro-
nicle published uniler that name by
Tom Hearne, was merely a version
(with alterations), the work of Robert
dc Urunne. These extracts were
considered by the editor an appro-
priate addition, in consequence of
their containing fragments in what
• In a supplementary note, p. 402, Mr.
WriKht mentions that " (iiraldus Cam-
brenHiii has ingerted n copy of thiM Song
in the Speculum Ecelesiir, MS. ('otton.
Tib. B. xiri. and attributed it to the
famous (iolias, which is commonly lup-
pOM'd to Im* only a fictitious name for
Walter Mapes. TliiA takes away all
doubt as to its nse, and the explanations
given by Flaeius Illyricus may be right."
To the last conclusion wc cannot assent.
296
Miscilkwtm JZmeipf ,
[Mudii
was then termed ryme cow^9, or tailed
rhyme, which are apparently taken
from the spngs of the time. From their
extreme rudeness, we can imagine
them to be the most popular songs, of
the common soldiery, in the whole vo-
lume. As for instance, the reply of the
English, when King Edward had for-
tified Berwick, to " the rhymes the
Scots had formerly sung in mockery of
the English"—
Piket hym and dik«i hin,
On icome saiden he,*
hu beat hit mai be.
He pikes and he dikes,
On lengthe as him Ukea,
als hy mowe best y-se.
Scatered heir the Scotet,
Hodred in the[r] hottes,
never thai ne the ;i*
Ritht if y rede,
Thay toumble in Twede
that wonedX hi the Mt
Observations on Medical Education.
By R. Jones. 1839. — It is quite clear that
the Education of Medical Practitioners
cannot much longer remain in its present
unsatisfactory state ; unsatisfactory both
to themselves and to the public : and we
are glad to find from this sensible and
able pamphlet, that the subject will before
long be brought before Parliament : with
a view of reforming abuses, and framing
measures by which a scientific education
must be attained, before a practitioner
is allowed to take the health and lives of
the community under his care. We ad-
vise those interested in the subject care-
fully to peruse Mr. Jones's excellent ob-
servations.
Iniquities of the Opium trade with
China. By the Rev. A. S. ThelwaU.— The
Emperor of China, or rather the Chinese
Government, have been the best commen-
tators on this volume. The iniquity of
the opium trade was something prodigi-
ous ; as carried on by a Christian nation,
it was altogether wicked beyond the ordi-
nary limits of wickedness. How strange
the anomaly 1 we left our own shores to
visit the benighted nations of the East,
with a Bible in one hand, and a })()i8onous
drug in the other ; with that which was to
enlighten, and that which was to corrupt :
performing in the same persons, the offices
of the ministers of God, and the agents of
Satan! truly we have thought ourselves
wiser than the Scripture, and have en-
deavoured alike to serve both God and
Mammon.
Chapters of the Modern History of Bri-
tish India. By Edward Thornton, Esq.
— The design of this work is judicious,
and its execution good ; it is intended to
furnish an account of the most prominent
and interesting scenes and events that
have occurred in British India during the
last 30 years ; commencing with the
mutiny of Yellore in 1806, and terminat-
ing with the Burmese war, and the siege of
Bhurtpore in 1825. The capture of
Bourbon and Mauritius established our
9
possession of the Indian seat ; tiie con-
quest of the Dutch settlements dalhrtrad
us from an artful and grasping enemy.
Then followed the Nepaul war, and the
destruction of the Pindarries. The whole
forms a series of brilliant pictures ftiU of
high achievements, and proving that the
most undaunted and desperate courage of
wild and half savage troops,] can never
maintain a successful struggle against the
deliberate firmneis and disciplme of the
English Army. We conquerad, and ge-
nerally conquer, against enormotu dufi-
culties, and with very inferior forces.
The Exiles of Zillerihal, their per^
secution and expatriation from the Tyroi,
translated from the German ef Dr,
Rheinwald, of Basle. By John Saanden,
12mo. 1840. — A very interesting accooiit
of the migration of a small Protestant
community from their patriot homes and
hearths in the Tyrol, driven by the Ro-
man CathoUc bigotry and oppression to
find a refuge in Silesia. This concession
of the Austrian Government to the domi-
nation of the priesthood is the great stain
upon the page of its history. This sub-
ject was first brought before the pnUie in
a Sermon by Mr. Hartwell Home, in 1837»
and lately in an article in the Quarterly
Review, No. 127.§
^ Motives to the study ofBibUeal Uierm^
tare, in a course of Lectures, ^ By Wil-
liam Goodhugh. 1839. — ^We have rend
through this work with pleasure, and hnre
derived from it much useful information ;
but, from the nature of the subject, it ie
not well adapted for extracts; we will,
however, give a curious passage on tiie
* That is. They said in scome. Let tlie
King pike and dike as he can.
f They never thrive. % Dwelt.
§ Mr. Tumbull in his Austria, voL
ii. p. 113, says he " discredits the m.
puted facts on certain oceurrencea aaid tn
have recently taken place in the TjnUJ*
This is high authority.
1840,]
MiiceOaneoui Revietou
297
BabylonUn brlcki, p. 61. ''A trareller
who hai recently explored the raini of
Babylon, remarks that on many of the
bricks he found ten lines of Babylonian
writing stamped across the angles of the
brick. These inscriptions appear to have
been stamped upon the brick while in a
soft state, by a block of wood, and consist
of a series of arrow-headed characters, all
knowledge of which is entirely lost. Mr.
Rich says, * No idea of the purpose these
inscriptions were intended to answer, can
be formed from the situation in which the
bricks are found. It is such as to pre-
clude the possibility of their being read,
until qfter the destruction of the buildings
they composed. At the ravine of the
mound of the Kasr or palace, I was pre-
sent at the extracting above a hundred
of them, and found that they were all
placed on the layers of cement with their
faces or inscribed parts downwards, so
that the edges only, which formed the
front of the wall were visible, and from
subsequent observation I ascertained this
to be the case in every ruin where they
are found, a proof that they were de-
signedly placed in that manner.* The
prospect of one day seeing these inscrip-
tions decyphered and explained, is not so
hopeless as it has been deemed. From
the specimens now before us, some points
may be established, the importance of
which those skilled in the artof decypher-
ing will readily acknowledge. The lan-
guage may safely be pronounced to be
Chaldee ; the system of letters an alpha-
betical and not a symbolical one, and each
figure on the bricks a tingle letter, and
not a word, or a coinpound character.
The number of the diflferent characters,
with their variations, may therefore be
rasily ascertained. Any one, however,
who ventures on the task, should have a
thorough knowledge of the Chaldean lan-
guage, as well as indefatigable application.
Aided by these qualifications, and fur*
nished with a sufficient quantity of speci-
mens, he might undertake the labour with
Rome prospect of success. Some of these
bricks maybe seen in the British Museum,
as well as the inscribed cylinders."
Flaxfnan''t Leeturet on Sculpture, 2nd
Edition. 8ro. — This edition is a great im-
provement on the former, possessing an
additional lecture, and many additions,
with an address on the death of Flaxman,
by 8ir R. Westmacott. Though we must
in truth say that the lectures of this amia-
ble and excellent artist never satisfied
us, either u to the curiositv of the ma-
terials or the philoeophy of the refiections ;
and though we still expect some produc-
tion on sculpture, like the essays on the
Gent. Mao. Vol. XIII.
sister art by Reynolds and Opie ; neverthe-
less the student will find much worthy of
his attention in the history of the art as
here given ; and the man of taste will
thankfully listen to the remarks of one of
the most eminent of modem sculptors on
those works which it formed the study of
his life to appreciate and emulate.
Thoughti on Duelling and the Chrietian
Character. 1840. — We remember the
time when duels were as plenty as black-
berries, every theatre, coffee house, and
race-course furnishing their heroes. With
the spread of better and more Christian
feelings, these barbarous acts of lawless
and ignorant times are now but little
known. Neither the voice of society nor
the majesty of the law would now bear the
ruffians who used a few years since to
bully the timid, and swagger through their
time, like so many Thrasos or Bobadils,
fancying ferocity was courage, and a quar-
relsome disposition the proof of nianly
spirit. We venture to say that in a few
Tears a duel will be so rare as rarely to be
heard of; and even now we think that
the feelings of the community go so
together with the law of the country that
there will be little difficnltv in altogether
suppressing such acts of folly, madness,
and guilt, especially as they are now to
rare.
'* — — — numero vix sunt totidem qiiot
Thebarum porta, vel diritis ostia Nili.*'
Trip to the far Weet. By B. P. Smith.
1840.— Mr. Smith left his cottage at
Camberwell to explore the beauties of
Cornwall, which he has faithfully and gra-
phically described. His description of th«
Carcclaxe mine (the only open tin mine
in Cornwall^ and of St. Michael's Mount
are of pecuhar interest, but he should here
have quoted from Mr. Bowles's beautiAd
lines on the latter place.
Poeme, by John Sterling. 1839.—
The Sexton'^ Daughter is the chief
poem in the volume. It is too long, and
is deficient in materials, considering that
it occupies the space of a hundred pagea,
The versification and verbsl expression are
good, but the eifect of the whole is languid.
We should say that the author should en-
deavour to condense his thoughts, and
take care that he does not fall Into an
imiUtion of Wordsworth. We think the
following stanxas well expressed, prodne-
ing the picturesque effect designed.
" There is ao old and costly room ot state.
With roof deep groin'd of blaxon*d staltMs
and fiowers;
2Q
298
Miscellaneous Reviews^
[March,.
And trras rich, with gfold and silver brig^ht,
Hangs round the walls, and shews green
forest bowers.
And figures blent of giant, dwarf and knight,
Of lady fair, and palfry, hawk and hound.
Amid these leafy cells the gaze invite :
Invite, yet mock,— for leaves half close them
round.
In order set are works of regtl price ;
Quaint carven chair ana table, chest and
lute;
And web of scarlet, black and gold device,
Spread o*er the floor, makes every footstep
mute. [stone
Tlie window shafts and loops of branching
Are gemmed with panes of each imperial hue ;
>Vhere saints and angels, from the stars new
flown,
AVith streams of crystal splendour flood
the view," &c.
SettHona preached at Cambridge. 1839.
Bjf Henry Melvill, B.D. 8vo.— Mr.
Melvill always writes with knowledge and
eloquence. His language is copious and
flovring ; his arguments fairly ^nd forcibly
stated, and he appears completely free
from the bias and prejudices of any sect.
These Sermons, delivered at Cambridge
before the students, were printed at their
desire. The first, on ** Idle Words,*' is
excellent, and the fifth Sermon, ''The
Greater than Jonas," is admirably con-
structed, and written with great feeling.
In all there are passages of superior ele-
gance. We arc very sorry to find Mr.
Melvill saying in his advertisement —
" that the publication called ' The Pulpit'
so injnies bim by printing his discourses,
as scarcely to leaye him any property in
the produce of his own thonght and toil."
This, indeed, is using the Temple of God
for the purposes of Mammon !
Voyages of the Dutch Brig Dourga
through the Moluccan Archipelago ^ Sfc,
By Kolff, jun. 1840. — It appears that the
numerous islands lying between the Mo-
luccan and northern coasts of Australia
have been but little known, and no account
of them has been made public, with the
exception of one book. These islands
were never visited by Europeans previous
to 1636. The Dutch first gained posses-
sion of some of these islands, and carried
on a lucrative trade with Japan ; but their
monopoly induced other nations, as the
French and English, to cultivate spices
in the Isle of Bourbon, and on the west
coast of Sumatra. The foundation of
Singapore by Sir Stamford liaffleS; in
181 9t was a wise measure, formed on
statesman -like views, and made an im-
portant era in the history of the Indian
Archipelago. There is much interesting
and entertaining information in these vo-
lumes. It is a curious fact in the distri-
bution of animals — *' that monkeys do not
exist on the Ki and Tenember Ulaiidf, ui
that, throughout the whole Molooesn
Archipelago, they are only to be toamd
on the island of Batchian, near ttie aonth
end of Gilolo."
Sketches qf a MUttUnunry^t TVmflr ie
Egypt. By R. M. Macbriar. 1839.—
Mr. Macbriar is not a very learned tra-
Teller, and not sufficiently partieolar, for
our taste, in his accounts of objects well
worthy of remark. His obserTatkm on
the cedar of Lebanon is a strong proof of
this (p. US); but his yolnme & written
with ease and in good taste and feding,
and will form an entertaining companion*
and a useful one, to those who follow
bis footsteps. His account of tiie Save
Trade, still existing in nndiminJibrd
horors on the western shores of Africa,
is very afflicting, and calls loudly for tlie
strong arm of national interferenoe.
Prince Albert ^ and the House qf &»•
onyj with a Particular Memoir qf the
Reigning Family qf Saxe-Cohmrg'Qoikm,
By Frederick Shoberl, Esq, 8vo. (Cd-
burn).— This interesting resume of the
history of one of the oldest and most dis-
tinguished families among the sorereign
houses of Germany, is at once well timed
and well considered, qualities which are
seldom found united in worics the pnhlica*
tion of which is hastened to meet aoase
temporary occasion. Mr. Shoberl pnb-
lished an " Historical Account of the
House of Saxony,'* so long ago aa the
period of the marriage of Prince Leopold
and the Princess Charlotte of Wales : and,
relying upon the advantages of hia per-
sonal knowledge of Germany, and the oat
sources of information, he now oomea for-
ward, as he did then, to flont away the
many false, absurd, and erroneons stories,
which ignorance and misconception na-
turally send abroad, and to gratilV the
laudable curiosity of the people of Eng-
land, respecting the <* birth, parentage,
and education*' of one respecting whom
they now have every right to seek that sa-
tisfaction. We shall not here quote thoee
passages of the work which are of most
popular and immediate interest, aa they
have already gone the round of the daily
papers ; but we shall content ouvelves
with a reference to two or Uiree otiwr
curious points. We find that the fint
Albert Duke of Saxony died in 1S60, and
that the present Prince Royal of Suooy,
—the first bom to that dignity pn 1888K
is also named Albert. FredmidL the
cond, who died in 1483, left two
his heirs, named, as the pietent
1840.]
Prince Albert and the House of Saxony.
299
of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Ernest and Al-
bert, who were the founders of two dis-
tinct lines, which still subsist in the house
of Saxony. The Albertine, or younger
branch, supplanted the elder or Ernestine
line, in the year 1547» when the Elector
John -Frederick I. was taken prisoner by
the Emperor Charles V. and his domi-
nions declared forfeited, in consequence
of his firm adherence to the doctrines of
the Reformation, as declared in the Con-
fession at Augsburg. From this memo-
rable Elector descend in the male line all
the modem houses of Saxe-Meinengen,
Saxe- Altenburg, and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha;
together with others now extinct. The
line of Saxe-Coburg, originally Saxe-SaAl-
feld, was the youngest and least endowed
of all. By a succession of fortunate alli-
ances its rank has gradually ad?anced ;
and the extent of the present Duke*s do-
minions are more than double what they
were before 1815, now comprising 795
English square miles. The ftrst wife of
the present Duke (and mother of his
Royal Highness Prince Albert) was Louisa
Dorothea, Princess of Saxe Gotha, niece
to the last Duke of the former House of
(iotha, which became extinct in 1825.
Louisa- Dorothea was great-granddaugh-
ter of Frederick II L brother to Augusta
Princess of Wales, the mother of King
George the Third. Prince Albert is thus
related to the other branches of the Royal
Family of Great Britain, as well as to
Queen Victoria through his aunt the
Duchess of Kent. We shall now make a
few extracts in reference to those who
have absurdly brought forward Prince Al-
bert's descent from the first Protestant
Elector of Saxony as a sufficient answer
to the scruples of Protestant England,
when she asked for a declaration of the
fnith of the future Consort of her Queen.
We will not exclude what we find in p. 109,
that the Elector Frederick Augustus I. the
ancestor of the present King of Saxony,
was elected King of Poland in 1697,
" having previously, in order to qualify
himself for that dignity, exchanged the
Protettant for the Catholic faith, to
which his successors have ever since ad-
hered."* He was of the Albertine line :
but again, in p. 10*9, we find, that Fre-
derick IV. Duke of Saxe Gotha, (the
great-uncle of Prince Albert,) " in 1807
adopted the Catholic faith in Rome ; **
and in p. 208, jthat George-Frederick- Au-
gustus, (the uncle of Prince Albert),
*' married in 1816\ a Catholic lady,
Marie- Antoinette Gabrielle, daughter of
Prince Francis von Kohary ; '* and fur-
ther (p. 209), that ''As he became the
founder of a Catholic line of the House
of Coburg, all his children having been
brought up in that religion, he was
obliged at his marriage to renounce, by
a particular act, the right of succession
to the jMitrimonial possessions in Saxony,
on behalf of himself and his descendants."
It is this Prince whose son has become
the Consort of the Queen of Portugal,
and whose daughter's marriage with the
Due de Nemours is now upon the tapii.
Of these facts some rumours had reached
the ears of the people of England, and
they knew that the Prince, who was once
the consort of their Princess Charlotte,
had become the sovereign of catholic Bel"
gium ; their fears, therefore, were natu-
ral, and they might fairly claim some bet-
ter assurance than the appeal to a genea-
logical descent from a Protestant confes-
sor who flourished three centuries ago.
They must look rather to the educatiou
and personal character of the liTing Prince.
He was educated at the Protestant Uni-
versity of Bonn in Prussia ; and for his
sentiments we are told in p. 241, he ''has
often declared himself prouder of the dis-
tinction'* of being descended from the
Elector John-Frederick I. ** than of any
personal advantage that he enjoys.*' We
trust that this pride is founded on reli-
gious conviction ; and shall now con-
clude by extracting one of the many inte-
resting historical anecdotes with which
Mr. Shoberl has diversified his pages.
We select it from its bearing upon
English history, and the opinions which
• In p. 185, we are told, that Prince Frederick-William of Saxe Altenburg ** mar-
ried, in 18:i4, the Countess of Shrewsbury, created Princess Talbot by the King of
Bavaria." We find no notice of this in our Englihh Peerages ; but we presume the
lady in question is Elisabeth, daughter of Mr. James Hoey of Dublin, and widow of
Charies 1 5th Earl of Shrewsbury, who died in 1827. Our peerages have stated, that
is an error; and Mr. Shoberl is more correct. The present Queen of Bavaria is a
•ister of the Prince Frederick -William of Saxe Altenburg. Bavaria is a Catholic
state: and these connexions seem to intimate, that some little "popery" has crept
into /Am house of Saxe also.
300
Literary/ and Scientific tnielligence.
[Maiek,
foreigners seem to have entertained of tbe
wialth of England, even three centories
ago:— •
** This prince had the misfortune to
unite the ambition of recoyering the do-
minions and dignities of which his father
had been dispossessed, with extreme cre-
dulity ; quahties which rendered him an
easy dnpe to designing persons, and finally
occasioned the loss of his states and his
liberty. Thus we find, that he was selected
in 1558, by a female adyenturer, who pre-
tended to be his aunt, Anne of Cleves,
the divorced wife of Henry VIII. of
England, as a fit subject for her imposi-
tions. She pretended, that the report of
the death of the princess, whom she per-
sonated, was false ; and that she nad
escaped to the Continent with prodigious
wealth in money and jewels, among which
were the Crown jewels of England, a
great part of which treasures she pro-
mised to the Duke and his brothers.
After she had thus amused him for a
year and a half, the accounts which
reached him from various quarters ex-
cited suspicion ; the pretended ChiMB u*
derwent various ezaminatioiit, ia each of
which she told a different story Tt&p^tft'
ing her origin and cironmstanoea. At
length she was led to the scaMd, at if
for execution, and there fdlettnhr de-
clared, that she was an illegitimate omgli-
ter of the Duke of Cleves. Tho tuSOf
of the latter, however, denied all knoir-
ledge of the fact; and one John iron
Fro^mont, in a letter to the aenalo of
Nfiremberg, whom she had aoBeitod to
take charge of part of her treamiroay aayi
that, after great trouble, she was at length
brought to confess, that she waa tha
daughter of a count, and had been wait-
ing-woman to Queen Anne, wboae aeal
and other valuables she had ooiitrlyod to
secure after her death; that, moreovor»
she had been mistress to Henry VIII.
and the principal cause of his aeparatioB
from the Queen. She was doomed to
solitary imprisonment; but whether death
released her from it, or she was eat at
liberty after the deposition of John Fro*
derick, is not Imown.*'
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Aird'h Othuriel, and other Poems.
Troughton'h Nina Sforaa ; a Tra-
gedy. Pvo. 4«. Cd,
The Angeiicon : a Gallery of Sonnets
on the Divine Attribates, the Passions,
the Graces, and the Virtues. By the
Rev. H. D. Ryder, M.A. Ute of Grid
College, Oiford. 3#. bd.
Soop of Home, with Hluftrations, by
Mkadowb. 18mo. 3*. 6d,
Notelt and 7Vi/e#.
The Csar, a Romaact of Uiatory. 3 voli.
post 8vo. 31#. M.
Records of Real Life. ByMiiaPiGor.
3 vols, post 8vo. 31*. Sd.
Fitiwiggins. By the Author of *' Syden-
ham." 3 vols, post 8vo. 31*. 6d.
Lady Jane Grey, by Millsr. 3 vols.
post 8vo. 31*. 6d,
Cousin Geoffrey, edited by Theodore
Hook. 3 vols, post 8vo. 31*. 6d,
The Real and the Ideal. 2 vols, pott
8vo. 21*.
Saucy Jack and die Indiaman. 2 Tolt.
fcap. 18*.
Montacate, or a New Home. Bj Mn.
M. Clavbrs. 2 vols, post 8vo. 16*.
Confessions of Harry Lorrtquer. 8vo.
12*.
Ingoldsby Legends, or Mirth and Morals*
postf8vo. 10*. 6d.
Holme Park, a Tale. By Mary Jane
Shield. ISmo. 4*.
Natural JTutary.
Illustrations of the Breed of the Do-
mestic Animals of the British Islands.
By David Low, F.R.S.E. Part I. 4to.
21*. coloured.
Newman's British Ferns, with Illus-
trations. 8to. 10*.
A Treatise on the Insects ii^nrious to
the Gardener, Forester, and Farmer.
Translated from the German of M. Kol*
LAR, with Notes by J. O. Wrrtwood,
esq. fcap. 8vo. 7*.
The History of Bees. ( Jardine's Natur-
alist's Library, vol. xzvx.) Sm. 8vo. 6i.
The Young Naturalist's Journal ; or,
the Travels of Agnes Merton and her
Mamma. By Mrs. Loudon. With S3
engravings. 4*.
Science.
A Manual of Geology ; with a OIoHtry
and Index. By William Macoilli*
VRAY, M.A., F.R.S.E. &e. ftc. 8to.
4*. 6</.
Recreations in Astronomy. By the
Rev. Lewis Tomlinson, M.A. With
many Illustrations. 4*. 6d,
Law.
An Historical Sketch of the Law of
Copyright; with Remarks on Serjeant
Talfoard's proposed Bill, and an Appen-
dix containing the Law of Copyright in
Foreign Countries. Bv John Lowndes,
esq. &[ the Inner Temple, Special Pleader.
5*.
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Law at Westminster. By Rorert Lvta,
esq. of Gray's Inn, Special Pleader. 1 toL
8vo. Part I. 15*.
Medieim.
Aphorisms on the Treatment and ICa*
ARgmnentofthelaftne; wiOiCon^brt*
30>
Lilfrary and Scientific Intelligence.
[Manfa.
ttani OD Public nnJ Privnte Lunatic ktj-
loin*. poindiig out the Errnm in the pre-
Knt SfMem. B; J. G. Millingen.M.D.
l^mo. it. 6d.
On the Use of Mercury. By G. G.
SiCMOND, M.D. 4(.
DUiianariet.
GxtKk and English Leiicon to the Nen"
ToUment. By the Rev. S. T. Bloom-
riiLD, D.D. F.S.A. 1 rol. fcp. Bvo. !>i.
A DictioDuy, Geogra]ihiaU, Statistical,
■od Historical, of the variona Countries,
Place*, and Priuripal natural Objects in
the World. By J. R. M'Culloch. esq.
Put I. Hto. (to be continued Monthly).
/M. .!. The annual general meeting of
tk Abbotsford I'lub wu held irithin the
Hall of the Society of .Vntiquaries of
SScotland. Daiid Irring, esq. LL.D. in the
duir. The works issued since last aODuul
■Mcling were laid on tlie Uble, viz. :—
I. " Inrpntaire (.'faronologinue des Do-
cuaMBS relalifs i I'Mistaire d'kcoiie con-
l^-nfl. IMnted by the Club. ^Sce our
^^Mvnbcr Magazine, p. ^'^7.)
U. " llaridU Humii de Paoiilia Humia
W«iU^rburneD!i Liber." I toI. Presented
ly John MiUer. e»^. M.D.
111. '■ SelectioDi from the Registers of
liM Pnobytery of Lanark. I6'J3-1;09."
' koi. ftesented bv John Robertson, esq.
rSe JWKts of the Anglo-Norman Ro-
— — -~- ji' " Fregus," and of Ihc " Tulli-
'^xiliM l?k(>en.' * about lo be issued by the
1. ;«o> '*erv rihibiled by (he Bccretarr.
. :iaiitlMiui>us verr announced as in i>re-
-4t*iii>u i» Juhn Payne Collier, esq. and
tt^te'. .'ituHsMorton. B.l>. i andsercral
«M* -vwilted fiT iviisideratiun to the
, 'ai<UD|i Scid in (he Rorat Hotel at
„,i f^ ;lie 'Jni of Dei-ember, the
■kW Maw a HKiMy. >u be called the
M^Av^hB tat TtiMuig the Histori-
^^l^Ml^ IbfugnjAical. <.<e
tk of tbe North-
such reprints dedrtble. Tbe anaonl cab-
scrlption ts filed at one gnines. Wb art
informed that the number of lODmeiiiben,
lo which it was originally proptNcd to lliiit
tlie society, ii now filled up ; bnt that It ii
cipected that the number will be ii
lo .'.'K).
The Report of the Council of thii Inti-
tution, issued at the close tj ilB twcntjr-
first year, annonncea their dUliUnafclB of
the Premiums placed at their ^^Ttr1^t«l ty Ac
munificence of the late President. To Mr.
Jones a Telford Medal in SUto and TarcUy
Guineas for a description of theWtstuB-
>ter Sewerage. This laborioni commnni-
catLon forms a record which ia nearij Vt-
paralleled, and which must beof gnat «■!•£
as a source of information in all fatan
works of this nature, when other, and par-
ticularly foreign, cities carry ialo (Aet a
system of drainage, in which the; aic at
present so deficient. The lame prenunm
has been awarded to Mr. Wood for a paper
on Warming and '^'e[1tilating. This com-
municattoD contains a detailed acconnt of
the principles on which the aalnbritr of tta
atmosphere in crowded roonu depeadi,
and the virions methods which hare beat
adopted for wamingandTCntUation. Thia
ibject is of the highest importance lo (he
' ' ' ho are compiled to
IS at high temper ■-
Peal Resin Fuel ;
for his
Engines;— a Telford Medal in Brante,
and Books to the value of three aniiiiBa.
to Mr. R. W. SlylDc, for hii eommuuea-
tiuii on the Well anak at the reaeiTBiT of
the New River Company at the HaBp-
sCead [toad: to lieul. Pidlock, for hU
drawing and description of the Coffra
Dam at Westminster Bridge; and to Mr.
Redman, for his drawingi and aoeonnt of
Bow Bridge.
laCoancU the InatitBlc.
\
1640 .] LiUrny and Scient^e JnielUgntte. 303
put together. It wu bailt 47S -jan be- trmeed to tbdr oricin tn natnn. Po|ie
fore Chrilt, ind iru datrajred b; the had rightlj lud, " Tnu ut u natore to
Turhi ID llitl4 or ItitU, in ordrr that the; adTUitagc dreued." How far good tutu
ini^ht conitnict batteriei on Iti rite. had been Impeded b; the introdnstion of
Mr, DonaldMHi read a memoir of Am- the Arabetque decoimtioni m* nncer' '
manatti the irehitaet of the brtd^ dWIa the writer himtelf tho^it, ttOt ■
Santa TrinilatX Florence. RelatiTe to althoashbath TibwiuaadPUn^i
the form of the archei of thii bridge there the i
hai been much diipnte ; Mr. Douldioa
wu of opinion, from twoai^ " "
hoBsh both TitrvrlBautd PUnjaniMpt
9 ancient* h*d proteMed •ntut ttair
t. The deeoratiani in Um VMieaa w«r>
lade by him, that they were pointed Moa, hia Oirectioti by Uf diidple Qinllo RoMWM
whaterer might have been their form be- and othera. The one weetinc mind «w
fore the aettlement of tbe itrnetare. clearif viaiUe, but the detaila had boaa
Mention wai made of two important eridentlj filled op b; the lenml ttVUa
building! in Denmark aicribed to Inigo emplojed. Qnatrem^re de Qainer wM of
Jonea. opmion that the icnlptBrei of tha Fmt-
Jan. SO. Mr. O. Baaetri in thedi«lr. thanon wen eieented i
A letter wai read from M. Biand, corre*- Phidiaa himaetf bdn^
ponding member, toschinr hii reiearchet While on thia nbje
al Pceatam. Mr. C. J. Bichaidaon pre- one remark widi r^ard to the i
lented tome drawing* of a itaircaae in itate of decor«dve art in B '
Maiden Lanp detigned by Inigo Jonea. true artiit li now addoM ew,
Mr. George Godwin, jnn. read a comma- holateren and pq)er-hangen, \ _
nicatianaccompanjingacopyofCberranl't capital and the cooUanee of Ae tidi^
work " Dt la lai (hi Omlraiti timnltanf have ncceeded in obtaining alnwat a-
</« Con/ran, " directing the attention of cloriire Influeneeorer brtemaldaeomtiaM:
the luititnte to the inbject. Mr. John the arahitect la no longer cODnltMl, wmt
Crake wai elected Fellow, and Mr. A. F. tbe reanlt ia, aa might be fap»eUJ, aoM
Aabton, Aiaociate. diaaitroni to art.
An eiuj on the hiitorj of Greoo-Rui- ■
■ian Eecleaititicil archltectare, Ulnatratcd The Rojal Botanic Society of haadtm
by eiamplet and an original deaign, by have offerad a praminm of SO ninM* far
llerr HaUmann, architect, Atom Hanorer, die beat dealgn for Ujing ont Oa groaada
wai then read. Tracing the pTontH of oftha aodetr In tbe Inner drdo of Iha
architecture in Ruiala frM the and of tbo Rmnt'i VtJk.
tenth century (at which dmaVJadlBir the The Committee of the BiWih i^
Great waa Emperor,) the pajMT condnded Foreign School Society have atao oAnd
with an intereating eompeiiaon of the a pniunm of 50/. and a •aoODd «f ttf.
chnrchea of the Eaat, thoae of HnHia, and for dealgnf tvr a New Nonaal Sdioel
of tbe Wat. BitabUihrnent.
Ftb. 3. Mr. Hamilton in the chair. ■
Amongtt other donationi Mr. C> H. Snith oxronn aftCHiTtcn&AL MWizrr.
ttraented a Talnable aerieaof ipedmana of Hi. 1!. A very intnrertlBi ■"■■"■*-
ailding itonea, moetly eollactad dnrlng caUonwaarMd&tmtlMBaTrMr.TBdtH',
the late jonmey of Inquiry ooncenlnf formerly of Corpu ChHati Colkn, aav
•tone for thenew honietof parHoment. a MlHJonary at Madru, ninllillTln flW
A paper waa read on Anbeaqne decora. Society, In tbe name of i^ Ch«rch !■
tiona, with eapedal rebrcBoe to thoea of India, tofnraiahdcilgultaraiTMalparfA
tbe Vatican, by Mr. Ambtoae Foyater. ehnrohei, and drawtnga of datadb, wUha
The writer, remarked the aitiit, ahovU tiew to tbe IntrodactiOB of OoOte AiiU*
aDda*>o«r,notMerelytooointhaaneiaBta, taotnrelnto India, end datlafltMt bo ■«•
btrttathlBkUkethemiinordertodowUch than d^poridi diarehaa ■ '-
dpiMwUA
deWirfMd
neoMMry to tnraatlgate the prin- diate contamplatian In the Be ewe of
•etnatedllMmsandkevlag Medrai done. A letter* ._.
" fcrgaldea. Dmn Mr. Hnaaeyof Blralngfcaa.nllMi.
to cflteli rerniinninllaa tbt Ow
[a ahonM be Hthogr^M, ead tet
~- tM Mdety iboold remaet tte aid of tto
■ Meada of tbe Chnreh b India not ralv fai
— (Mbrd. bat in CaabtUn wd dtkat
* y*—"' *"—'**; aewyMMMt «f m
302
Literary and Scientific Intelligence.
[March«
tions on Public and Private Lunatic Asy-
lums, pointing out the Errors in the pre-
sent System. By J. G. Millingen, M.D.
18mo. 48. 6d.
On the Use of Mercury. By G. G.
SiGMOND, M.D. 48.
Dictionaries,
Greek and English Lexicon to the New
Testament. By the Rev. S. T. Bloom-
riBLD, D.D. F.S.A. 1 vol. fcp. 8vo. 9«.
A Dictionary, Geographical, Statistical,
and Historical, of the various Countries,
Places, and Principal natural Objects in
the World. By J. R. M'Culloch, esq.
Parti. 8vo. (to be continued Monthly).
5«.
ABBOTSFORD CLUB.
Feb, 3. The annual general meeting of
the Abbotsford Club was held within the
Hall of the Society of Antiquaries of
Scotland, David Irving, esq. LL.D. in the
chair. The works issued since last annual
meeting were laid on the table, viz. : —
I. *' Inventaire Chronologique des Do-
cumens relatifs k THistoire d*Ecosse con-
aery^ aux Archives du Royaume li Paris."
l(vol. Printed by the Club. (See our
September Magazine, p. !i^87.)
II. " Davidis Humii de Familia Humia
Wedderburnensi Liber.*' 1 vol. Presented
by John Miller, esq. M.D.
III. '' Selections from the Registers of
the Presbytery of Lanark, 1623-1709."
1 vol. Presented by John Robertson, esq.
The sheets of the Anglo-Norman Ro-
mance of ** Fregus," and of the " TuUi-
bardine Papers," about to be issued by the
Club, were exhibited by the secretary.
Contributions were announced as in pre-
paration by John Payne Collier, esq. and
the Rev. James Morton, B.D. ; and several
manuscripts of interest and importance
were remitted for consideration to the
council.
THE SPALDING CLUB.
At a meeting held in the Royal Hotel at
Aberdeen, on the 23rd of December, the
Hon. the Lord Provost in the chair, it was
resolved to form a society, to be called the
Spalding Club for Printing the Histori-
cal, Ecclesiastical, Topographical, Genea-
logical, and Literary remains of the North -
Eastern Counties of Scotland. The Earl of
Aberdeen was elected President, Viscount
Arbuthnott, Vice-President ; and a Council
of thirty -one nominated ; of whom John
Stuart, esq. Advocate, was elected Secre-
tary, and John Blaikic, esq. Advocate,
Treasurer. The objects of the Club are
defined to be the printing of inedited ma-
nuscripts, and the reprinting of works of
mfficient rarity and importance to make
such reprints desirable. The annual mb-
scription is fixed at one g^oinea. We are
informed that the number of SOOmemberiy
to which it was originally proposed to limit
the society, is now filled up ; but that it ii
expected that the number will be ii
to 500.
INSTITUTION OF CIVIL BNGINBBKt.
The Report of the Conncil of this Insti-
tution, issued at the close of its twenty-
first year, announces their distribation of
the Premiums placed at their disposal by the
munificence of the late President. To Mr.
Jones a Telford Medal in Silver and Twenty
Guineas for a description of the Westmin-
ster Sewerage. This laborious communi-
cation forms a record which is nearly un-
paralleled, and which must beof great Tslue
as a source of information in all feturs
works of this nature, when other, and par-
ticularly foreign, cities carry into effect a
system of drainage, in which they are at
present so deficient. The same premium
has been awarded to Mr. Wood for a paper
on Warming and Ventilating, lliis com-
munication contains a detailed account of
the principles on which the salubrity of tiie
atmosphere in crowded rooms depends,
and the various methods which hare been
adopted for warming and ventilation. This
subject is of the highest importance to the
manufacturing poor, who are compelled to
work in crowded rooms at high tempera-
tures.
The Council have also awarded a TeUbrd
Medal in Silver to Charles Wye Williams,
for his communication on the Properties,
Uses, and Manufacture of Turf Coke and
Peat Resin Fuel ; and to Mr. E. Wooda,
for his communication on Looomotire
Engines ; — a Telford Medal in Bronie,
and Books to the value of three gumcas.
to Mr. R. W. Mylne, for his communica-
tion on the Well sunk at the reaemnr of
the New River Company at the Hamp-
stead Road; to Lieut. Pollock, for his
drawings and description of the Coffre
Dam at Westminster Bridge ; and to Mr.
Redman, for his drawings and account of
Bow Bridge.
ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BBIT18H
ARCHITECTS.
Jan. G. Mr. Chawner in the ehnir.
Mr. James Pennethome was elected Fel-
low, and Mr. James Bell an Asaoeiate of
the Institute. A paper was read by Mr.
Edward T Anson on the Temple of ViC'
tory Apteros at Athens; and Tarioua
drawings were exhibited illustratiTe of its
state of restoration in the spring of 1836.
The foundations of this temple were lirst
cleared in 1835 : since when all the fkng-
ments have been carcfnlly coltocMaai
1840 .]
Literary and Scientific Intelligence.
303
put together. It wag built 472 years be-
fore Christ, and was destroyed by the
Turks iu 1G84 or IGBo, in order that they
might construct batteries on its site.
Mr. Donaldson read a memoir of Am-
manatti the architect of the bridge delta
Santa TYinita at Florence. Relatiye to
the form of the arches of this bridge there
has been much dispute ; Mr. Donaldson
was of opinion, from two admeasurements
made by him, that they were pointed tion',
whatever might have been their form be-
fore the settlement of the structure.
Mention was made of two important
buildings in Denmark ascribed to Inigo
Jones.
Jan. 20. Mr. G. Baseri in the chair.
A letter was read from M. Bianci, corres-
ponding member, touching his researches
at Poestum. Mr. C. J. Richardson pre-
sented some drawings of a staircase in
Maiden Lane designed by Inigo Jones.
Mr. George Godwin, jun. read a commu-
nication accompanying a copyof ChevreuPs
work " De la lot du Contraite nmultanv
den Coitleurif*' directing the attention of
the Institute to the subject. Mr. John
Crake was elected Fellow, and Mr. A. F.
Ashton, Associate.
An essay on the history of Greco-Rus-
sian Ecclesiastical architecture, illustrated
by examples and an original design, by
llerr llallmann, architect, from Hanover,
was then read. Tracing the progrAs of
architecture in Russia from the end of the
tenth century (at which time Vladimir the
(ireat was Emperor,) the paper concluded
with an interesting comparison of the
churches of the East, those of Russia, and
of the West.
Feb. 3. Mr. Hamilton in the chair.
Amongst other donations Mr. C. II. Smith
presented a valuable series of specimens of
building stones, mostly collected during
the late journey of inquiry concerning
stone for the new houses of parliament.
A paper was read on Arabesque decora-
tions, with especial reference to those of
the Vatican, by Mr. Ambrose Poynter.
The writer, remarked the artist, should
endeavour, not merely to copy the ancients,
but to think like them : in order to do which
it was necessary to investigate the prin-
ciples which had actuated them ; and having
determined these, to take them for guides.
In pursuing thin investigation we should
find that nature was the great source of
their inspiration. In their ornaments
both the animal and vegetable kingdom
were largely drawn upon, and in the first
instance the objects represented were ac-
curately drawn ; they afterwards degene-
rated, odd combinations arose, and a cer-
tain number of conventioiial forms grew
out of them, all of which however may be
traced to their origin in nature. Pope
had rightly said, " True art is nature to
advantage dressed.** How far good taste
had been impeded by the introduction of
the Arabesque decorations was uncertain —
the writer himself thought, not at all;
although both Vitruvius and Pliny amongst
the ancients had protested against their
use. The decorations in the Vatican were
designed by Raffaelle, and executed under
his direction by his disciple Giulio Romano
and others. The one directing mind was
clearly visible, but the details had been
evidently filled up by the several artiata
employed. Quatrem^re de Qnincy was of
opinion that the sculptures of the Par-
thenon were executed in a similar manner,
Phidias himself being the chief director.
While on this subject we would make
one remark with regard to the present
state of decorative art in England. The
true artist is now seldom employed. Up-
holsterers and paper-hangers, possessinf
capital and the confidence of the rich,
have succeeded in obtaining almost ex-
clusive influence over internal decorations :
the architect is no longer consoltod, and
the result is, as might be expected, most
disastrous to ai^.
The Royal Botanic Society of London
have offered a premium of 50 guineas for
the best design for laying out the grounds
of the society in the inner circle of tho
Regent's Park.
The Committee of the British and
Foreign School Society have also offered
a premium of 50/. and a second of SSI.
for designs for a New Normal School
Establishment.
OXFORD ARCHITECTURAL SOCIXTT.
Feb. I'i. A very interestinr commvBi-
cation was read from the Rev. Mr. Tndcer,
formerly of Corpus Christi College, now
a Missionary at Madras, reqoesting tlie
Society, in the name of the Chnrdi in
India, to furnish designs for several parish
churches, and drawings of details, with a
view to the introduction of Gothic Ardil-
tecture into India, and stating that no leia
than eight parish churches are in imme-
diate contemplation in the diocese of
Madras alone. A letter was also read
from Mr. Hussey of Birmingham, a Mem-
ber of the Society whose advice had been
requested by the Committee, containinf
some useful suggestions for carrying this
plan into effect ; recommending that the
drawings should be lithographed, and that
the Society should request the aid of the
friends of the Church in India not only in
Oxford, but in Cambridge and other
places, towards the accomplishment of 10
important an object*
S04
ANTiaUARIAN RESEA&CHES.
80CXBTY OP ANTXftUARIVS.
Feb. 6. John Gage Rokewode, esq.
Director, in the chair.
Thomaa Baylis, esq. F.S.A. exhibited a
very beautiful silver reliquary. It is spiral
in ihape, and stands about 18 inches high.
Its design comprises three architectural
■toriet, or tiers of niches, containing gilt
figures of the Rood and sixteen Saints.
Its other ornaments are demi -angels, long
projecting gargoiles, arched tracery,
crockets, &c.
J. O. Halliwell, esq. F.S.A. commu-
nicated an impression of a seal recently
found at Cambridge. It is of a small oval
form. Its centre is occupied by a shield,
charged with a cross ragulde, surmount-
ed by the instruments of the Passion,
combined saltirewise ; and below in a
niche is a figure kneeling in prayer.
The legend, ^ 0icani CujStotii/ Can-
taibrigie. The period of the workman-
ship is the latter part of the 14th century ;
but who the Ouios Caniabrigite was hieus
not been ascertained.
The remainder was read of Mr. God-
win's letter on the Ecclesiastical Architec-
ture of Normandy, relating to Coutances,
Falaise, &c.
The RcT. C. H. Hartohome, F.S.A.
communicated a very complete architec-
tural description of the Norman castle of
Orford in Suffolk, with conjectures upon
the destinations to which the several
eiisting parts of the building were as-
signed ; accompanied by a large plan, and
several views. This was partly read, and
the remainder postponed.
Feb, 13. Thomas Amyot, esq. Trea-
surer, in the chair.
John Buckler, esq. F.S.A. presented a
drawing of the intenor of the west end of
St. Mary Overies church, South wark
(lately pulled down), with a brief expla-
natory tetter.
Mr. Richard Davis communicated an
account of the discovery of several Roman
urns, about half a mile east of Edenbridge
in Kent. They were of half-burnt clay,
from 11 to 12 inches high, and contained
calcined bones.
The reading of Mr. Hartshome's dis-
•ertation on Orford Castle was then con-
cluded.
Feb. 20. H. Hallam, esq. V. P.
Count Pompeo Litta, of Milan, author
of the ** Famiglie celebri Italiani," was
elected a Foreign Member of the Society.
J, O. Halliwell, esq. F.S.A. presented
a copy of a pen-and-ink drawing of a por-
trait preserved in the archives of Dul-
vrich College, and supposed by him to re-
present Shakespeare : it is drawn by the
10
player Henslow on the back of a Wttor
addressed to himself, among a mall col-
lection of similar roughly tkctdiad por-
traits.
A paper was then read Arcm R. L.
Pearaall, esq. giving an aooount of mmbc
extensive researches made by him fai Ger-
many relative to Judicial Combata, and tlia
▼arious modes of duelling antboriiad wmk
practised in ancient times. It wac illua-
trated by a numerous aeries of dmrliigs
derived from printed books and M88«
H. W. Pickersgill, cm. R.A. ezMUtada
mace and a battle-axe. The former wac evi-
dently a modern fabrication, haTiiif a faB»>
ral resemblance only to the form Amtt an-
cient mace, but nothing of antioae ct]^ ia
the character of its ornaments* Thebattla>
axe is handsome, of steel, ornamented wMi
silver; and having the arms of Poland,
with the name of ** ;^tani^ait^ 1660."
ROMAN INSCaiPTION OISOOTimBD OK
THB COACT OF GLAMOnOAlT.
At Port Talbot, near Aberavon, Ola^
morganshire, a Roman inscription Imc
been discovered, of which the foUowinf
transcript has been communicated to " Ike
Cambrian,** by Mr. Talbot, the proprietor
of Margam Abbey and Park : —
IMP. C. FLAY. M. MAXIMINO
INVICTO AVGVS.
A difficulty is pretented by the above
reading, because it does not appear tlMt
Maximinus I., who assumed the imperial
purple A. D. 235, or Maximinua II., who
was raised to the same dignity A. D. 305,
ever bore the pnenomen of Fhiving.
A correspondent of the Cambrian p^er
suggests that there must have been en
error in copying the stone, and that eitiier
Magnus Maximus, who waa Bnq;«ror In
Britain and Gaul A. D. 383, or hie eon
Flavins Victor, whom he declared Caaar,
and who shared the imperial dignity with
him, is the person intended. He
that the letter M. after Flay, mar, on
closer inspection, turn out to be a Yi« far
Victor. Too much caution cannot be
used in copying ancient inscriptions ; and
we shall be happy to hear that a mbbing
on soft paper, or a cast in plaster of tlM
above, is laid on the table of the SocioCj
of Antiquaries.
Glamorgan and Monmonthahire am
peculiarly rich in relics of the I^"iino
British age, and the inscriptiona on
numental and votive stones, which
scattered up and down in thoae
and throughout Wales in general,
to be collected, befort the ailent
operation of the rains of hearai hia
further effaced them.
18400 ^^
HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.
PROCEEDINGS IN PARLIAMENT.
HouBi OP CoMMONt, /m. 84. 30,0001. a just and liberal allowance for
Lord Jokn RttmeU brought forward the joint hrtt of the Queen and the
the subject of a PaovinoK roa Panics Prince, and for the Prince's |>ossible svr-
Albbet; detdling the precedents which vivorshim should there be no issue ; if an
appeared to him to bear upon the question, heir should be bom, then the 30,0001.
In Che cases of Prince George of Denmark mifht properij be advsneed to MfiOOL i
and Queen Caroline, the oonsortof Geom and, should there be a numeroos issue* it
II. 100,000/. a.yearwas settled by Partt- would be reasonable to make a still for.
ment, in the erent of their sunririiig the ther increase, such as would befit the
Sovereign. The Princess Dowager of father of a large fiunilj of rojfal children.
Wales, the mother of George HI. had an Thoee events would justify the augmeo-
annuity for life of 50,000/. Queen Char- tatiop, by giving a guarantee for the
lotte, the consort of George III. had Prince's permanent residence in, and al-
a dower of 100,000/. a-year settled upon tachment to, this country. He showed
her in case she should survive his Ma- the inapplicability of the precedents in
jetty ; snd in the late reign a similar the esses of Queens- Consort, and ani-
dower was voted to Queen Adelaide In madverted upon the instance of Prince
the event of her surviving King Willism Leopold^e 50,000/. ; as the whole country
IV. In the case of Prince Leopold, had cried out that that altowanee was «s-
50,000/. a-jrear was granted in case he cessive : and, on the Hoose spin divid-
should survive the princess. With these ing, the numbers were, for the aaMiid.
several precedenu before him, the pro- ment 208, for the motkm 156^ mi^joriCy
position that he wished to make was, against Ministers 104.
that the House should empower Her /«». S8. Sir J. Y. BfOUr brought for-
Majesty to grant an annual sum of ward the motion of want or coimDiMCB
50,000/. a-vear out of the Consolidated m thi ADMiNif^aATioN, which he cha.
Fund to Prince Albert upon his mar- racterised as a government not arrayiof
riage, and to continue for the whole of itself on the side of good order, but
his life. rather, by its sapportoragicatlon in In-
i land, imfudiig disorder in England <
House op Loans, /m. 87. government allied with the enmiea of
The /«enf Ckmme^ihr moved the se- m established reli|don, and joining l»
cond reading of Prince Albiet'b Natu- every attack opon the Chnreh. Ho m>
aAUZATioM Bill. The Dnlw of IIW- ferred in addition to their ooodaet oo tko
lingion noticed the insertion of a clause, church-rates— on the edoeatioo mat—
** to give to the said Prince Albert, for and and on the provision for Sir J. Newport
during the term of his natural life, sodi —their opening of the ballot and eoni
place, precedence, and rank, after Her Ha- law questions and their eoeouragemeat
jesty, in Parliament and elsewhere, as Her of Socialism ; and condnded by flsoidag
Majesty shall deem fit and proper, any that the Houee resolve *' that her 11a-
Uw, statute, or custom, to the contrary jesty^ Government, as atprseent eoosti-
notwithstanding.** He had not been tuied, does not possess the eonfidenee of
made aware of this dause till last night, this House.'* The motion was secoodad
and he must ask that the debate be ad- by Mr. Alderman Tkmnfmmt and the do-
joumed till Friday ; which was done. fence of the Ministry was commeneed bj
In the HoufB or CoKXOirs, Lord Sir 0§o. Grtp, whose speech waa eoo-
John IhMtil moved a resolution autho- sidered the bMt delivered on that side of
riling Her 3ilsjesty to grant 50,0001. the House throughout the debate: whkk
a-year to Prince Albert. Mr. Hmm9 was continued on the three foAlowiog
thought the grant large and excessive, evenings, the prindpai speakers beiog
snd therefore moved as an amend- Mr. Hewfs, Lm Howiekf Sir /st. Ora-
ment, that the grant be 81,000/. The JUm, Mr. Afeean/lsv, Lord Pmo^nemH,
House divided, for the amendment Mr. Pur MitmU, Mr. ITartf, Lord Stau
38, against it 305^ mi^ty 867. Col. U^, Lord Marvfik, Mr. O'CMMe//, Sir
Sibtkirp then moved a second amend- Jl. P—l, and Lord J9km RmmIL Oa
ment, substitoting 30,000/. which was Satufday morning the House divided:
supported by BIr. OmMmm, Sir J. Grc. for the motion 887; i^^aittt it 308 { m-
Mmm, and Sir it. Psef. who tboiM[ht jority for Jiinimn 8L
GaMT. Mao. You XIU. • «^ ' , ^
306
Parliamentary Proceedings,
CMwch.
House of Lords, Feb, 3.
Viscount Melbourne being prepared to
omit the clause objected to in Prince
Albert's Naturalization Bii.i^ the
House went into committee upon it,
when the chiuse was struck out, and the
Bill was read a third time and passed.
In the House of Commons on the
same day, Mr. Darby moved, ** That
William Evans, esq. and John Wheelton,
esq. Sheriff of Middlesex, be discharged
from the custody of the Serjeant-at-
Arms." The Hon. Gentleman grounded
his appeal on personal consideration to-
wards the sheriffs, arguing that their re-
lease would not affect the question of
Privilege ; but it was opposed by the
Attorney -generali and, a debate of con-
siderable length arising, the matter was
adjourned.
House of Lords, Feb, 4.
The Bishop of Exeter s having made an
exposition of the blasphemous and im-
moral tendency of the new system of
Socialism, propagated by Robert Owen,
moved an Address to her Majesty upon
the subject, which after a long discussion
was agreed to.
In the House of Commons, Mr. Ser-
jeant Talfourd moved for leave to bring
in his Copyright Bill, the principle of
which the House had affirmed three seve-
ral times. Mr. Wakley moved, as an
amendment, that a Select Committee be
appointed to inquire into the existing
laws of copyright; which was seconded
by Mr. Hume. Mr. Warbnrton was
hostile to the Bill. Mr. Labouchere
thought it would be peculiarly ungra-
cious to refuse the Bill being laid on
the table. , The House then divided ;
for the motion 75, for the amendment
.5.3, majority 22. — Leave was then given
to bring in the Bill.
Feb, G. Mr. Thomas Burton Howard
was brought to the bar and examined,
when he acknowledged that he had com-
menced another action against the Messrs.
Hansard at the suit of John Joseph
Stockdale, for a subsequent publication
of the same libel as before ; after which
Lord JoJin Russell moved that Howard
had, in so doing, been guilty of a high
contempt of the privileges of that House.
Sir E. Sugden moved as an amendment
that Mr. Howard be brought to the bar
to-morrow. The House divided — for the
motion 147, for the amendment 'lo, ma-
jority 102. Lord Jo/tn Russell then
moved that Mr. Howard be committed
to Newgate. The House again divided
— for the motion 14-9, against it 46.
Feb. 7. The debate on Mr. Darby's
motion for the release of the Sheriffii
renewed, and it was negatived by a ma-
jority of 7] ; the numbers being, for the
motion 94, against it 165. LoiS J, Rtu-
sell then moved that the Messrs. Haiminl
be directed not to appear or plead to the
action threatened by Stockdale. Sir. B,
Sugden said he had a motion on the paper,
that Messrs. Hansard be at libcstjr to
defend the action as they shall be advued,
not involving the privileges of this Hoiiae,
and he begged to make that motion as an
amendment. Sir W. Follett atioi^j
protested against the course proposed bj
Lord John Russell. After a few words
from the Attorney -general in its support,
it was carried by a majority of 90^ the
numbers being 148 and 58. Loid J,
Russell next moved that Stockdale had
been guilty of a high contempt and breach
of the privileges of the House in having
commenced another action against the
Hansards; this was opposed by Sir B.
Sudden and Mr. Xatr, but carried bv a
majority of 98, the numbers being ISaf
and 34. Lastly, Lord /. Russell moved
that Stockdale be committed to Newgate,
which was carried without a division.
Feb, 11. Mr. T, Duneombt moved
for leave to bring in a Bill to relieve frrnn
the payment of CHirRCH.RAT£S,[tbat por^
tion of her Maje8ty*8 subjects who consci-
entiously dissent fi*om the rites or doc-
trines of the Established Church. Mr.
Gillon seconded the motion. Lord J.
Russell opposed it, because it was not
founded on sound principles, and if
adopted, would, he believed, lead to very
dangerous consequences. The House
divided : — for the motion 66, against it
117.
Sir Edw, KnatchbuU stated to the
House, it had come to his knowledge
that the health of Mr. Sheriff Wheelton
was so much impaired by his imprison*
ment, that the safety of his life might be
endangered if longer kept in custody.
Medical testimony having been adduced
in proof ol this statement, a resolution
that Mr. Wheelton be forthwith dis.
charged was agreed to.
Feb. 13. Mr. Herries moved for
sundry financial returns, including ac-
counts showing the deficiency of the net
income of the United ELingdom, com-
pared with the expenditure for the five
years preceding 1831 and 1840, the total
amount of the funded or unfunded debt,
&c. &e. The Chancellor ^f the Bseke-
quer resisted the production of the papers,
on the ground that there was no preee-
dent for granting them. After a lengtb.
ened debate, the House divided; for the
motion 182, against it 172; m^Mity
against Ministers 10.
1840.]
Foreign News*
307
Feb. 14. The order of the day having
been put for the second reading of the
Irish Ccorpobations Bill, Sir R, IngUt
moved that it should be read a second
time on that day six months. Mr. LUtim
seconded the motion. Mr. Shaw and
Mr. Serjeant Jaekson, though opposed to
the details, would vote for its second
reading, that it might be amended in
Committee. Mr. 0*Conneli denied that
the Bill would give any exclusive advan-
tage to Roman Catholics; it would
merely place them and Protestants on the
same footing, and give them equal rights.
Sir R. Petit though opposed to the estab-
lishment of new corporations in Ireland,
would sacrifice his own opinion to what
appeared to be the general sentiment.
The Bill, in its present form, would be
likely to allay angry feelings. On those
grounds he would vote for it. After a
few remarks from Lord J. Runell^ the
second reading was carried by a majority
of 149 to 14.
On the question being put that the
Flour Importation (Iriland) Bill be
read a second time, Mr. S. TVitnen/
moved as an amendment, that the Bill be
read a second time that day six months,
(/ol. ConoUy supported the amendment.
The House divided; for the second read-
ing \b^ against it lOsf.
Mr. Alderman rhowtpwoH moved that
that William Evans, esq. Sheriff of Lop-
don and Middlesex, be immediately dis-
charged out of the custody of the Ser-
jeaiit*at-Arms. Mr. Darbp seconded the
motion. Lord Jokm Rmu^l said, that
the mere commitment had not worked
out the necessary vindication of their
privilege. The House could no more
release the Sheriff from personal com-
passion than a court of law could re-
fuse an attachment from a like feelinff.
For the motion 76, against it 140. Sir
Edward Sugdem then moved that the
order directing the Sheriff of Middle^
sex to repay the sum of 640/. to Messrs.
Hansard oe rescinded. The motion was
put, and negatived without a division.
Feb, 17. Lord J. RuueU stated that
a new action had been commenced by
Stockdale, on which an inquiry of dam-
rwas appointed before the under-
iff for the 20th instant. He proposed
therefore a Resolution, that to take any
steps in this matter would be a breach of
privilege in the Sheriff, under-sheriff,
officers, and otherty and would cause them
to incur the hi^h displeasure of the House.
This was earned without a division.
Feb. 18. The son of Stockdale's at-
tomey and his clerk, accessory to the
serving of the new processes upon
Messrs. Hansard, were brought to the
bar, and bv large majorities ordered to be
committed— Howard to Newgate, and
the clerk, named Pearce, to the custody
of the Se^eant-at-Arms.
F^. 19. On the motion of Mr. Ser-
jeant Taj/ourd, the Copyright Bill waa
read a second time, by a majority of 50
to 39.
FOREIGN NEWS.
»'RANC£.
On the ^Oth Feb. the Chamber of
Deputies, after a very short general dis-
<:u8iiion ot' the profei de loi reutive to the
dotation of his Kopral Highness the Duke
(if Nemours, deaded by a majority of
2*^6 against 2U0 that the Chamber should
not discuss the paragraphs of the bill.
All the ministers have in consequence
placed their resignations in the hands of
the King.
INDIA.
Dispatches from Gen. Willshire an-
iiounce the capture of Khelat on the 13th
Aor. and the death in the conflict of
Mchrab Khan the chief, all of whose
principal Sirdars were killed or taken,
and hundreds of other prisoners. This
^as accomplished by a weak brigade of
Infantry, (her Majesty's 17(h and )Snd
Foot, and Bengal .'ilst Regiment,) and
»ix liffht guns, at mid-day, by storming
the place in the teeth of 2U00 Beloocbees
—the piite of t^ iMCioD» after » pievioiw
march and assault of some heights com-
mending the approach, on whkh the
enemy oad six guns in position. Our
loss was severe — 140 killed and wounded
— about one-fifth of the number actually
engaged— one officer, Lieut. Gramtt, <tt
the Quoen's, among the former ; and six
or seven officers among the latter, but
none severelv. KheUt is a town and
fortress of the same relation to Persia
which Dover or Plymouth is to England ;
and the uncle of the King of Persia,
whom the King contrived to expel from
his throne, until lately retatnied this
garrison, but recently surrendered it to
the King.
CHINA.
A war with the Celestial Empire seema
to be inevitable t indeed it may be said to
have actually broken out. Captain Eltiof,
the Superintendent, and Captain Smith
of the Volage, liad gone to Marao to
Xiato a continuance of the (nKie out*
the Boguc. It uppem that tht
308
Domettie Oceurretiees.
[BiMCBv
Chinese commissioner tgreed to that
proposition, and also not to insist for the
present on the surrender of the seaman
who killed the Chinese at Macao. This
temporary arrangement seemed to be satis-
factorv ; but the wrath and suspicions of he^ ordered out twentj-nine war JMki^
the Chinese authorities were again roused eridently intending to sarromid tbt mitM
bjr the appearance of the ship Thomaa ships. Thcj were repeatedly wi>ad
Coutts at Whampoa, and the offer of her off, but eontinoed to cloae in vpoQ th«
commander, Capt. Warner, to sign the Hyacinth and Volage ; when GapC Bflaitli
with the Volagw and the HyMdiithp to
demand qplanation from ne Qdmm
Admiral Kwaa. That oAmt at
pretended readineta to enter into
negotiation ; but immediately
opium bond. Commissioner Lin im-
mediately renewed hia demand for the
surrender of the murderer of the Chinese,
and issued an edict commanding all the
British ships to enter the port of Canton
and sign the bond, or to depart from the
opened a fire upon them, and in • ilmiC
time five junks were sunk, and another
blown up, each with from 190 to tOO flwn
on board. The rest made off, and Cafit.
Elliot ordered the firing to ceeae ; other-
wise nearly all might bate been d^
coast immediately. In case of non-com- stroyed. It is allowed that the Chineee
pliance with either of these conditions fought pretty well ; but the only
within three davs, the commissioner
declared he would destroy the entire
British fleet. On the publication of this
edict, Capt. Elliot went to the Bogue
sustained on our aide Is stated to be
twaWe-pound .shot in the miienmiit of
the Hyacinth.
DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES.
Feb, 3. During a severe storm, the
steeple of Much Chwam Church, Here-
fordshire, was struck by the electric fluid,
and set on fire. The steeple was biult of
wood, and the roof composed of shingles.
Engines were immediately sent for to
Hereford ; but, before they could arrive,
everything combustible in the church had
fallen a pr^ to the flames.
Feb. 6. Frince Albert of Saxe Cobourg
and Gotha, conducted by Lord Viscount
Torrington, and accoropanied by the
Duke his father, and his elder brother,
arrived at Dover.
Feb, 10. This day the marriage of the
Queen^s Most Excellent Majesty with
Field Marshal His Royal Highness Fran-
cis Albert Augustus Charles Emanuel,
Duke of Saxe, Prince of Saxe Cobourg
and Gotha, K. G. was solemnized at the
Chapel Royal, St. James's.
A breakfast was provided at Bucking-
ham Palace for the Royal Family and
their immediate attendants, and for her
Majesty's Ministers.
Prince Albert, attended by his suite,
proceeded from the Palace about half.past
eleven o'clock, to St. James's Palace, in
the following order : —
The first carriage, conveying Gen. Sir
George Anson, G.C.B., Geoi^ge Edward
Anson, esq., and Francis Seymour, esq.,
the Bridegroom's Gentlemen of Honour.
The second carriage, conveying the Lord
Chamberiain of the Household, the Earl
of Uxbridge (who afterwards returned to
Buckingham Palace, to attend in her Ma-
jesty's procession), and the oflicers of the
suite of the reigning Duke and Hereditary
Prince of Saxe Cobourg and Gothn, viz.
Count Kolowrath, Baron Alvenaleben,
and Baron De Lowenfels.
The third carria^, conveying Hie Rqyml
Highness the Pnnce Albat, Hia Serene
Highness the reigning Duke of Saxe Co-
bourg and GotDusy and the Heredifinrj
Prince.
Her M^esty, attended by ber Boysl
Household, accompanied by Her Haljnl
Highness the Duchess of Kent, proceeded
at twelve o'clock, from Buckingham Pn-
lace to St. Jameses Palace, in the follow-
ing order :—
The first carriage, conveying two Gen*
tlemen Ushers, Charles Heneege, ceq.
and the Hon. Heneage L^ve ; the Eaon
of the Yeoman of the Guard, Cbmlee
Hancock, esq. ; and the Gfoom of the
Robes, Capt. Firnnds Seymoor.
The second carriage, conreyinr the
Equerry in Waiting, Lord Alfred P^goC s
two Pages of Honour, Charies T.Wemyni»
esq. and H. W. J. Bvng, eequ ; eai the
Groom in Waiting,die Honourable Gedge
Keppel.
The third carriage, conveying the Clerk
Marshal, Col. the Hon. H. F. C. Caven*
dish ; the Vice-Cbaraberiain, the Eetl of
Belfast, G. C. H. ; and the Comptralkr of
the Household, the Right Uon.Geoigo
Stevens Byng.
The fourth carriage, conveying the Wo*
man of the Bedchamber in Wauiii^,Bfin»
Brand ; the Captain of the Yeomen of
the Guard, the Eari of Dcbeeter; the
Master of the Buck Hounds, Lord Kin*
naird ; and the Treaanrer of the
hold, the Eerl of Surrey.
1840.] Dom^iiie 6ecurvmM. 309
The fifth carriaM, oooveriag tba^^laid Tbe atvuith eumgtf tonwefvog Her
of Honour in Waitings the Hoo. CeroUne Moet EaoeUent M^M^r the Queen ; her
Cocks ; the Ducbeae of Kent*a Ladv in Royal Highneaa the Ducheia of Kent ;
waiting. Lady F. Howard i the Gold Stick, and the Dudieaa of Sntheriaiid, the ^''
Gen. Lord Hill/ G.C.B., G.C.H. ; and treis of the Robes to her Miyestj.
the Lordin Waitipg, Viaeount TonringtOD. The illiistriottB pefsonages, and othera
The sixth carriage, conveying the Lady eompoaing the Froceaaion, then asaenu
of the Bedehamber in Waiting, the Coua- bM in the ThimM-room, and baTing beei
teas of Sandwieh; the Master of the called over by Garter Prindiial Kwiof
Horse, the Earl of Albemarle, O.C.U. ; Anna, the Proceaaions moved in the M-
tbf Lord Steward, the Earl of ErroU, lowing order to the Chapel Royal :—
K.T., G.C.H.: aBd the Lord Chambef-
lain, the Earl of Uxbridge.
THE PROCESSION OF THE BRIDEGROOM.
Dnmia and Trumpets,
Seijeant TrvnqMter.
Master of the Ceremooiea, Sir Robert Cheater, Knt.
Laneaater Heimld, York Heimld,
George Frederic Belti, eaq. &.H. Charlea Geoige Youqg, esq.
The Bridemom's Gentlemca of Honour, via.
Francis Seymour, eaq. Gen. Sir George Anaon, O.C.B. Geoige Ed. Anson, esq.
Vice. CbamberUun of H.M. Houaebold, Lord Chamberkin of H.M. Household,
the Earl of Belfast, G.C.H. the Eari of Uxbridge,
Thb Beidbgboom,
wearing the CoUar of the Order of the Garter,
Supported by their Serene Highneaees the reigning Duke of Seas Cobomgand
Gotha, K.G. and the Hereditary Prince of Saxe Cobouig and Gotha,
each attended by oSceis of their suite, via.:
Count Kolowmth, Banm Alvenaleben, and Baron de Lowenfels.
On arrival at the Chapel, the Drama the Bridegroom stood near the penon of
and TnunpeU filed offin the Ante- Chapel, His Roval Hichnesa.
and » the Proeession advanebig, hia Royal The Lord Chamberiain and Yiee-Cham^
lligbne88 was conducted to the seal pro* berlain.with the two Heralds, preceded by
vided for him on the left handof the altar, the Dnuns and Trumpeta, returned to aC-
Hit) supportera, the reigning Duke of Saaw tend Her Mijeety.
(lobourg and Gotiia, and the Hereditary Her Mi^ty's Proeeaslon moftd from
Prince, with the oflleers of their soiu, the Throne-room to the Chap«l| in Ihi
occupied seats near the Prinee. The Mas- following order :—
ter of the Cersnxmiea and the oOccffa of
THE QUEEN'S PROCESSION.
Dnuna and Trumpeta.
Serjeant Trumpeter.
Pursuivants of Arms, in their tabards :—
Rouge Croix, W. Courtbope, gene. Porteuilis, A. W. Woods, gent.
Rouge Dragon, T. W. King, gent. Bluemande, G. H. R. Harriaon,grat
Herslds in their Tabards and CoUara of S.S. ^—
Windsor, Robert Laurie, esq.
Richmond, Jamea Pulman, eaq. Chester, W. A. Blount, eaq.
Lancaster, G. F. Belts, esq. K.H. York, C. G. Yonng, eeq.
Pages of Honour,
Henry Wm. John Byng, esq. Jamea C. M. Co^ell, esq. Charles T. Wemyas, esq*
Equerry in Waiting, Cleric Marahal,
Lord Alfred Paget. Col. the Hon. H. F. C. Caffndiah.
Groom in Waiting, Lord in Waiting,
the H<Ni. George Keppel, Lord Yisoount Torringlon,
Comptroller of Her Majeaty's Household, Traaaurer of Her BfaieaCy'a Honaehdd,
the RighC Hoo. Geo. Stevena Byng. the Eari or Sonny.
Master of Her Bimea^s Bock Uonndi^ The Lord Stowmdof HerMajeatylsHooscA
tbeLoidsSBiM. Md,tbtfittloC£iioIl,]LT/a.C.H.
310 Doinesiic Occurrences. [Marcbf
Kings of Arms, in their Tabards and Collars of S.S.':—
Norroy, Francis Martin, esq. Clarenceuz, Joseph Hawker, esq.
Lord Privy Seal, Lord President of the Council,
the Earl of Clarendon, G.C.B. the Marquess of Lansdowne, K.G.
Two Serjeants at Arms. Lord High Chancellor, Two Serjeants at Anns.
Lord Cottenham.
Senior Gentleman Usher Quarterly Waiter, the Hon. H. Legge.
Gent. Usher Daily Waiter Garter King of Arms, Gent. Usher of the Black Rod,
and of the Sword of State, in his tabard and collar of S. S. bearing his Rod,
William Martins, esq. bearing his Sceptre, Sir Aug. William James
Sir William Woods, K.H. CUfford, Bart. C.B.
The Earl Marshal of England, bearing his Baton,
the Duke of Norfolk, K. G.
Her Royal Highness the Princess Sophia- Matilda of Gloucester,
her train borne by Lady Alicia Gordon.
Her Royal Highness Princess Augusta of Cambridge,
her train borne by Miss Louisa Grace Kerr.
His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge,
attended by Lieut.- Colonel Cornwall.
H.R.H the Duchess of Cambridge, and H.R.H. the Princess Mary of Cambridgey
the Duchess's train borne by Lady Augusta Somerset.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent,
her train borne by Lady F. Howard.
Her Royal Highness the Princess Augusta,
her train borne by Lady Mary Pelham.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, K.G. G.C.B. G.C.M.G. carrying his
Baton as Field Marshal ; attended by Baron Knesebeck.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, K.G. K.T. G.C.B.
attended by Colonel Wildman, K.H.
Vice- Chamberlain of her Ma- The Sword of State Lord Chamberlain of her Ma-
jesty's Household, the borne by jesty's Household,
£arl of Belfast, G.C.H. Lord Viscount Melbourne, the Earl of Uxbrijge.
Thk Quken,
wearing the Collar of the Order of the Garter,
her Majesty's train borne by the following twelve unmarried ladies, vis. :
Lady Adelaide Paget, Lady Caroline Amelia Gx>rdon-Liennoit
Lady Sarah F. C. Villiers, Lady Eiiz. Anne G. D. Howard,
Lady Frances Elizabeth Cowper, Lady Ida Harriet Augusta Hay,
Lady Elizabeth West, I^udy Catherine Lucy W. Stanhope»
Lady Mary Aug. Frederica Griniston, Lady Jane Harriet Bouverie,
Lady Eleanora Caroline Paget, Lady Mary Charlotte Howard*
assisted by the Groom of the Robes, Captain Francis Seymour.
Master of the Horse, Mistress of the Robes,
the Eari of Albemarle, G.C.H. the Duchess of Sutherland.
Ladies of the Bedchamber,
The Marchioness of Normandy, The Duchess of Bedford,
The Countess of Buriington, The Countessof Sandwidi,
The Lady Portman, The Dow. Lady Lyttelton, The Lady Bariiam.
Maids of Honour,
The Hon. Amelia Murray, The Hon. Harriet Pitt, The Hon. Caroline Cocks,
The Hon. Henrietta Anson, The Hon. Matilda IViget,
7^he Hon. Harriet Lister, The Hon. Sarah M. CnTeiidish.
Women of the Bedchamber,
Lady Harriet Clive, Viscountess Forbes,
liady Chariotte Copley, Lady Caroline Barrihgtoa,
Mrs. Brand, Hon. Mrs. Campbell, Lady (Gardiner.
Captain of the Yeomen Gold Stick, Captain of the bmnd
of the (luard, General Lord Hill, of Gentlemen.«t- Armt. '
the Eari of llchester. G.C.B. G.C.H. the Lord Foley.
Silver Stick, Lieutenant- Colonel John Uall.
Six Gentlemen^t-Arms.
Six Yeomen of the Unajd dosed the Ftoocmm^
1840.]
Domestic Occurrences.
311
On arriving at the entrance of the
Chapel the drumft and trumpet8 filed oif :
the Gentlemen -at- Arms remained in the
Ante. Chapel during the ceremony, and
the Yeomen of the Guard at the foot of
the staircase in the Ante- Chapel. Her
Majesty's Gentlemen Ushers conducted
the respective persons compofdng the Pro-
cession to the places provided lor them ;
the Princes and Princesses of the Blood
Royal to the seats prepared for them on
the haut-pas ; and the several ladies at-
tendant upon the Queen to the seats pro*
vided near her Majesty.
iier Majesty, on reaching the haut-pas,
took her seat in the chair of state pro-
vided for the occasion on the right of the
altar, attended by the Ladies bearing her
Majesty's train.
Her Majesty the Queen Dowager was
present during the Solemnity, on thh left
of the altar, attended by the Countess
of Mayo and Lady Clinton, Ladies in
Waiting; Eari Howe,G.C.H. Lord Cham-
beriain the Earl of Denbigh, G.C.H.
Master of the Horse ; the Hon. William
Anhley, Vice-Chamberkinand Treasurer;
Col. Sir Horace Seymour, K.C.H.Equer.
ry ; and J. G. C. Desbrowe and J. G. T.
Sinclair, esqs. Pages of Honour.
The Service was then commenced by
the Archbishop of Canterbunr, haTing on
his right the Archbishop of York, and on
his lett the Bishop of London, who as-
sisted as Dean of the Chapel Rojral. The
Duke of Sussex gave away his Royal
Niece : and at that part of the Service,
where the Archbishop of Canterbury read
the words, ** 1 yromoumee thai ikeff he
man and w{f« io^etker,** the Park and
Tower |^uns fired. At the conclusion of
the service, the procession returned, that
of the Bridegroom preceding aa before,
excepting that Prince Albert condnetad
Her Majesty from the Chapel Royal to
the Throne-room, where toe registry of
the Marriage was attested with the usual
formalities. Her Majesty and the Prince
proceeded the same afternoon to Windsor
Castle. A banquet, at which the Earl of
KrroU presided as Lord Steward of the
Household, was given at St. James's Pa-
Ure : and honoured by the presence of the
Ducm^ of Kent, the Reigning Duke and
Hereditary Prince of Saxe Cobonrg ; and
by all the members of her Alajesty's
iiouschold. In all, about 130 persons
were present. Most of the Cabinet Minis-
ters gave dinners at their own bouses t and
there was a grand dinner at the Carlton
(Mub, at which Sir Robert Peel took the
(hair, with the Dukeot' Wellington at bis
light hand. Jn the creniiig the Dncbeaa
of Sutherland, Mistress of the Robes,
gave a Ball at Stafford House.
The day was universally kept as a holi-
day throughout the country, and in the
evening there were very splendid iUumi-
narions in the metropolis and in all the
principal towns.
The neat and elegant church of St.
Peter's, Dale End, Birmm^kmrn^ is built
in the Grecian style of architecture,
with a regubr front in the order of tbe
Parthenon. After being partly dettroywl
by fire it was not long ago restored, under
the superintendence of the present incum-
bent, the Rev. C. Craven, and a building
committee ; and it has been Just embd-
lished b^ the erection of a splendid win-
dow of stained glass. It eonaista of
three compartments, of which tbe eentral
one is considerably the largest, represent-
ing the Ascension of our Saviour, after a
design bv Raphael, and a picture bf
Oliver, who is well known to have en-
bodied with spirit and dfect mmy of the
outlbes of that great master. The outer
compartments contain ornamental daaipia
corresponding together, with a aaeraoMB-
tal cup in the centre of one» and tbe Hidy
Dove in tbe other. Each eompartmant
has a rich Grecian bonier, assimilating
with the other ornaments of the dionA.
Tbe window is executed in a maaterijr
style ; and the depth and richneaa of eo-
louring, particuhiriy in the drapery, art
most striking. The artists are memn.
Pemberton of New Hall Hill, Birmii^
ham. A short time since a aptoodid ud
elegant organ, boilt by Meaan. BewaWr
and Fleetwood, of Liverpool, was creetni
in this church. These omanMnts, eoM-
bined with iu beautifully deeorated foof^
render this chureb one or tbe bandaonaat
modern churcfaet in the oountrj.
THEATRICAL REGISTER.
DRUEY-LANK TBXATBB.
Jan. 22. Mmy StmrnH, a new tiagedft
from tbe pen of Mr. JaoMS Haynea ^
gentleman whose tragedy of OsmaekmeSp
plaved here some years ago, gave proorfae
of his future dnunatic exeellenee-^was ra.
presented for tbe first time, and
successful. Tbe plot of the phy is
tremdy simple; its single ofcj|ecC *^
the death of RUHo.
COVKMT.GARDKH TJUATIK.
JM. 8. A Legamd ^ Fl^remee, a new
Pkv by Mr. Leigh Hunt, was pradoead
at this theatre. It exhibits a fine contiait
between a jealous tynmnieal hoafaand aai
a suffering patient wife. It waa reeeivfA
with loua applause.
312
PROMOTIONS) PREFERMENTS, &c
Shbeipfb appointbd roR 1840.
Bedfordshire— W. F. Brown, of DansUble, e%q.
Berks— H. Hippisley, of Lambome Place, esq.
Bocks— J. P. Deerin^, of the Lee, esq.
Gunbridf c and Hunting^don— Thomas Mort-
lock, or Little Abingdon, esq.
Chesh.-JohnTollemache, Tllstone Lodge, esq.
Cornwall— Sir R. R. Vyvyan, Trelowarren, Bt.
Comb.— Sir O- MusgraTe. of Eden Hall, Bart.
Derb.— Sir H. J. J. Hunloke, Wingerworth, Bt.
Devon— Augustus Stowey. of Kenbury, esq.
Dorsetshire-John Samuel Wanley Sawbridge
Brie Drax, of Charborough Park, esq.
Durham -^rH. Williamson, of Whitburn, Bt.
Essex— C. T. Tower, of Weald Hall, e8<i.
GIouc— Sir M. H. Hicks-Beach, of W'llliam-
strip Park. Bart.
Heref.— T. Heywood, of Hope End, esq.
Herts— C. S. Chauncy,of Little Munden, esq.
Kent— Arthur Pott, of Bentham Hill, Tun-
bridge Wells, esq.
Leic.—iSir O. J. Palmer, of Wanlip, Bart.
Line— T. G. Corbet, of Elsham hall, esq.
Monm.— Summers Harford, of Sirbowy, esq.
Norf.— H. VlUeboIs, of Marsham House, esq.
Northampt.— T. A. Cooke, Peterborough, esq.
Northumo.— W. Lawson, of Longhirst, esq.
Notts— Sir J. G. J. Clifton, of Clifton, Bart.
Oxfordshire— Hugh Hamersley, of Great
Haseley-house. esq.
Rutland— S. R. FydeU, of Morcott, esq.
Shropshire, Thomas Byton. of Byton, esq.
Somerset— John Jarrett, of Camerton, esq.
Stafford— H. J. Pye, of Clifton Hall, esq.
Southampton-^ohn Meggott Elwes, of Bos-
sington-house, Stockbndge, esq.
Suffolk— G. St. V. WiUion, of Redgrave, esq.
Surrey— The Hon. Peter John Locke King, of
WoDurn Fkrm. Chertsea.
SOBsex— J. D. Gilbert, of Eastbourne, Esq.
^uw.— Demster Heming, of Caldecott, esq.
Wilts— W. H. F. Talbot, Lacock Abbey, esq.
Wore.— James Foster, of Stourbridge, esq.
Yorkshire— Sir Thomas Aston Clifford Consta-
ble, of Burton ConsUble, Bart.
WALES
Anglesey— Sir L. P. J. Parry, of Madr>-n, Knt.
Brecon.— R. D. Gough, of \nisredwiii, es<i.
Cardigan.- J. W. Lewis.of Llanarchayron, esq.
Carmarthen.— J. L. Price, of Glangwilly, esq.
Carnarvon.- Hon. E. M. L. Mostyn^ Plas Hen.
penb.— T. Mainwaring,of Marchweil-hall, esq.
Flint.— W. S. Conway, of Bodryd<lan, esq.
Glamorgan.— M. Williams, of Morfa. esq.
Merioneth.— G. P. Lloyd, of Plasyndre, esq.
Montg.— Thomas Evans, of Maeuol, esq.
Ptmbrokcsh.— R. UeweUyn, of Tregwynt, esq.
Radnor.— E. Rogers, of Stanage Park, esq.
Gazette Promotions.
Jan. %\. Major-Gen. Sir Willoughby Cot-
ton, K.C.B. to be G.C.B. ^ , ,. ^ ,
Jan, 24. Coldstream Guards, Lieut, and
tapt F. Paget to be Captain and Lieut.-Col.
—Scots Fusilier Guards, Lieut, and Capt. G.
Moncrieffe to be Capt. and Lieut.-Col.— Henry
Robinson, esq. to be SUndard Bearer to Her
Majesty's Hon. Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms,
rii?# Sir T. N. Reeve, retired. ^ , „,^ „
Jan. 31. 8th Light Dragoons, Capt. J. M'Call
to be Major.— Royal Sussex MUitia, Upt. R.
H. Hurst to be Major. „ , , „ . .
Feb. 1. MasterHenryWm. JohnByng to be
Pare of Honour to Her Miyesty, vice Caven-
dirii, appointed Ensign in the FusiUer Guards.
Feb, 4. The Earl or UatawtH to to Mttf
the Lords in Waiting to her MiMy.
Feb. 6. His Serene Highnc«n«ncli*i
Augustus-Charles-Emanoel Dnke of ,
Pnnce of Saxe-Cobarg and GotlM, K.O. toke
styled and called '* His Royal HigfaMM,'* Mtan
his name and soch titles as now do^ or hU9-
after may, belong to him.
Feb. 7. His HoyalHigfanett Vtaado-AllMft-
Augustus- Charles -Kmanuel Dnto of 8m^
Prince of Saxe Cobuir and Gotibn, K^. to mt
and bear the Royal Anna, difEerenccd with a
label of three points Argent, the oentio point
charged with the cross of St. OooifCy ^Mr-
terly with the Arms of his illootrlow toow,
the Royal Arms in the tint and fkmrtb qnftrtOB.
—55th Foot, Capt. D. L. Fkwcett to to UMiar.
—00th Foot, Capt. T. W. Eylet to to M^or.-
Unattached, Mijor M. J. Blade, tnm tto fOtt
Foot, to be Lieut.-Colonel.— Brarot. lUor W.
Onslow, to be Lieut.-CokmeL— GoL W. haH
Dinorben, of the Royal Anglesey MlUtS^ to be
one of Her MiO«"ty's Aides do Gamp nr tar
Militia Force *, and to take rank ■• ono if tto
Senior Colonels of Militia, imnaedUtoly ■fto'
the Junior Colonel of Her Mi^e^'s ForoM.
Feb. 1 3. John Reeve, jun. of Greot Wnlriig-
ham, CO. Norf. esq. in compUanoo wttli fte wul
of his maternal uncle Wbl Brooko, eoq. to tike
the name of Brooke onlv, and tonr tto anas if
Brooke in the first quarter.
Feb. 14. Scots FosiHer Gnarda, Unit, isd
Capt. J. T. O. Tinbman to beGipt.iiid Lkvt.-
Colonel.— WUts Regular Militli. tto Bt. Hon.
Sir John Cam Hobhouse, Bart, to to Oiliaii,
vice the Earl of Suffolk.
Feb. 17. Saml. Rdw. Cook, of Ctelloa kil,
Sunwick, CO. York, iia. Oooia. &.]f. iai
K.T.S., in compliance with tto win of Jttm
Widdrington, of Newcastle opon Tfai» iiq. to
take the name of Widdrington in Uoa of OMfc.
Feb. 18. James Baker, esQ. (ioaMdnio Gto-
Bul at Mobila) to to Consul Aw tto ptoviaoi if
Livonia, to reside at Riga; Marcap WrMt.
esq. to be Consul at Wiborg; Ctoa. Uooil Pto-
Gerald, esq. (sometime Consul at Maton) ti to
Consul for the province of Mardat to nildB ai
Carthagena. __
Feb. 19. Knighted, Tbomaa WUda^iiq. kw
Majesty's Solicitor-general, and ooi of kw
M3«rty»s Serjeants at Law j a^WUlBB Mw-
tins, esq. Gent. Usher of tto Sword of fliale^
and one of her Majesty's Gent. Uaton IMI|
Waiters.— Thomas Hodson Plckorlnw .of '
CO. aiester, sent, in compttaact fntti
of Thomas Hodson, of Cbestor aad<tei ,
to take the name of Hodson in tou of Flck-
*'j?6. 21 . 17th Foot, Gen. Sir F. A. Wcfketall,
G.C.H. to to Col.— »4th Foo^ Mdor A. Qm»>
bell to be Major.-(»d Foot, Li«ii.-G«i. fltr 1.
Campbell, Bart. G.C.B. to to OpL—TTtk Itot,
Lieut.-Gen. Sir J. Macleod, K.CH. to to Ort.
—Capt. T. Canch, 5th Fbot, to to Flort Majjar if
Edinburgh Castle.— Brevet, Cut. V. ^ Gto-
ments, 83d Foot, to to Mi^ in tto Armj,
Baron (Crofton has been elected om if tto
Irish RepresenUtive Peers, in the •'^-
late Eari of Kingston.
Mmmbin rttmrmtd t9 tUim
DenMfk Co.— Hon. HMh
3fea//Ce.-M. E.Coitony,eaq.
ibif f«fi4.-H0B. Charles Oioiga NoaL
1840.]
Preferments, Births, and Marriages.
313
Eccl.KSrASTICAL PREFERMENTS.
Kt'V. G. l^-a, tube Prebendary' of L.iclin<^l(l> anil
liicuiainMit of Christ Church, Birming'hani.
Kt'V. J. Baifjfe, Templeniichael V. Cork.
Kt\ . Bel lairs, St. Thomas's P.C. Stockport.
Kev. J. Binhall, Church Kirk P.C. Lane.
Kfv. W. Brewster, Widdrintjton P.C. Xor-
thumberland.
Kt'V. <;. Bri^ham, Dodding' Green P.C. West-
moreland.
Kf\. J. .M'Cheane, Killnia(i^anny P.C. Kilkenny.
Kev. K. Collver, Gisleham R. Suffolk.
K«'v. T. T, Cuftee, Carli.sle-street new church,
Lambeth, Surrey.
Kev. K. Demainbray, Barcheston R. Warw.
K«v. K. L. Freer, Mansel-Lacy V. Herefordsh.
Kev. ('. (iayer, Uunurlin R. Kerry.
Kev. T. C. Haddon, Tunstall P.C. Norfolk.
Ke\. T. J. HogK, Clunbury P.C. Salop.
Kfv. C. K. Kennaway, Lansdowne P.C. Chel-
tenham, (ilour.
KrN . J. T. Maine, Brinkhill R. Line.
Kfv. I'. .Maurice, Hamhill R. Glouc.
Kev. J. (). i»arr, Preston V. Lane.
Kev. .M. Perrin, Athenry R. Galway.
Kev. .M. Phayre, Threapwood PC. Flintshire.
Kev. J. Roberts, Teuipieton R. Devon.
KfV. K. Shuttlewortli, Penzance P.C. Cornwall.
Ki'N. A. ."^tuart, Ai^hadoun V. C^trk.
Kev. K. Sluddert, Clonlea V. Clare.
Ke\ . <;. T. Turner, Monewdon R. Suffolk.
Ke\. W. ('. TwisM, Kyeworth V. Bedfordshire.
Kev. J. Wiifram, Vjmi Tiste<l R. Hants.
Re\. J. Williams, Trinity Church P.C. Sheer-
ness, Kent.
Kfv. J. Wray, Combinteif^head R. Devon.
(Ihaplains.
Kev. W. Darnell, to the Duke of Buccleuch.
K4'\. J. D. Freeman, to Lord Visct. Duneraile.
Kt'V. J. liasHall, to the Karl of Seftun.
Ktv. F. .M. Knollis, to Karl Howe.
K<>\ . Pn»feMsor Pindir, to the Bishop of Bath
and V\«'ll*i.
Khv. H. Kandolph, to the Man|. of DowuMhire.
K«\ . F. 1. Tii«on, to the Karl of Huntin^on.
Civil. Preferments.
);ime.H Mannin;f and John Halconit>e, e84|ni.
• >r the WtMeru Circuit ; W. F. Channell and
VV. Shre, es<|rs. of the Home Circuit ; and
K. ('. WrauKham, esM^. of the Northern
riniiit, liawb<>en admitteil to the honour-
able clei(rt>«> of Serieants-at-ljftw.
Daniel .Maclise, William-Freii. Witherinirton,
and .Soloinon-.\lexander Hart, emjrs. elected
Ko\al .Vcademicians, riVe Sir H. Beechey,
C. Ki>Hsi, and W. Wilkiiut, deceased.
MiirKBu ()'C4>nnell, esq. (late .M.P. for co.
Meat lit. to l>e First Assistant Ref^istrar of
DeeiU for Ireland.
Kev. A. B. INi\«<r, to lie Clerical Principal of
th« N'orwiih Diocenan Traininf^ Institution.
Navai. Promotions.
Cautaiu KdM. Barnard to the Cambri<l^e.—
Comm. \V. J. Williams to the Thunderer.
BIRTHS.
Jam. 23. At Brifhtstoue Rectory, Isle of
W iicht, the wife of the Ven. Archdeacon Wil-
InTfune, a son. 33. At Maidstone, Lady
Katharine Balder^, a dau. 36. At Derwent-
Itnli^e, the Htm. Mrs. John Roper Curson, a
son. - -38. At Rowfant, Sussex, the nife of C.
Hethune, es«|. a son.
Latrljf. In Upper Harley-st. Lady A|rneta
Be%an, a son. In Lancashire, the infeof
Gent. Mag. Vol. XIII.
the Hon. Richard Bootle Wilbraham, M.P. •
dau. At Cheltenham, the wife of the Hon.
J. A. Lysaght, a son. In Upper Seymour-
st. the Baroness de Moncono, lady of the
Portugruesc Minister at this Court, a dau.
At Kellyville, Queen's Co. the wife of the Hon.
W. Wing^tield, a son. At Ostend, the wife
of Lieut.-Col. Fulton, K.H. a dau. At Hard-
wick, the wife of H. P. Ptowys, esq. a dau.
At Dinton-house, Glouc. the »ife of Wm.Gist,
esfi.ason. .\t Evering^ham-park, Mrs. Wm.
Constable Maxwell, a dau.
Feh. 4. In Bryanstone-so, the wife of the
Ven. Edw. Pope, D.D. Archdeacon of Jamaica,
a son. 8. At Astley Castle, near Coventry,
Lady Mary Hewitt, a dau. 9. At Nocton,
Line, the wife of the Hon. and Very Rev. the
Dean of Wind.sor, a dau. 11. At Lower
Brook-.st. the Hon. Mrs. A. Duncombc, a son.
15. At Cornburj- Park, the wife of the
Hon. Thomas Geo. Spencer, a dau. 19. At
Wormsley, the wife of the Rev. Frederick Fane,
a son.
MARRIAGES.
Xor. 31 . At the Cape of Good Hope, Lieut.-
Col. N. Alves, of the Madras army, to Emily-
Elizabeth- Eleanor, eld. dau. of the late W. O.
Greaves, esq. surji^eon of the same army.
Der. 34. At Athens, the Baron Philip de
Wurtzburffh, son of the Baron de Wurtzburrh,
to Anne-Bickerton-Theresa, eldest dau. of Sir
Edmund Lyons, her Majesty's Minister Plenip.
in Greece, and sister of'^Lady Fitxalan.
Jan. 10. At St. Helier's, Jersey, Alfred J.
Buxton, younnrest son of J. Buxton, esq. late
Paymaster of the Mth Inf. to Ann, young^
dau. of the late Capt. James Grant, ILN.
14. At Florence, the Rev. C. Bradley, Vicar
of Giasbury, Brecknockshire, to Rmma, dau.
of the late John Linton, eaa. of Clapham-rise.
15. At Epsom C*hurch, tne Rev. Aufustns-
George How, to Clara- Frances, eld. daughter
of the Rev. J. Darby, Vicar of iikenfritb, co.
Monmouth, and Curate of Epsom for twenty.
ei|(ht years.
16. At Old Windsor, the Rev. James BUiott,
of Harttield-gTove. Sussex, to Marianne-Grant,
youngest dau. of J. C. Clarke, esq. of Coworth-
uark, Berks. At St. Georve's, Hanover-aq.
Lieut, the Hon. (lias. H. Maynard, R. Horse
Guards, only son of Viscount Maynard. to the
Hon. Frances Murray, sister to Lora Glen-
lyon.
18. At Buttevant, Charles Winter, esq. Capt.
76th Keg. to Emily-Dorcas, dau. of Jamei Nor-
cott, esq. of .Sprtni^eld, Cork.
3U. At Gretna, William Clarke, esq. of Bris-
tol, to Louisa, second dau. of the Rev. J. F.
Doveton, .M.A. of Clifton.
31. At Bettws, CO. Denbigh, James-Glynne
Bateson, esq. of Liverpool, to Anne-Marcaret,
eldest dau. of the Rev. Robert Philips, Vicar
of Bettws.
33. The Rev. Hyde-Wyndham Beadon, Vicar
of Latton. Wilts, to Frances-Isabella, youngest
dau. of the late Miyor-Geu. the Hon. Sir W.
Ponsonby, K.C.B.
33. At Clifton, Edmund Ix)max, esq. of Net-
ley-place, Surrey, to Helena, third dau. of the
late.Henry O'Callaghan, esq. of Clare, Ireland.
At the Chapel of St. PeUr ad Vincula, in
the Tower of London, Henry Smith, esu. of
her .Majesty's Ordnance Office. Tower, to Cliar-
lotteGordon, only dau. of W. B. Whitnall, esq.
of her Majesty's Paymaster-general's Office,
Whitehall. At Remenham. Berks, the ReY.
Augustus Fitzroy, Rector of Fakenham, Suf-
folk, third son of the hue Lord Henry ritxroy,
to Emma, sixth dau. of K. Fuller Maitlaad,
esq. of Henley.
34. At Kenmure CaaUe, WilUim GopUuid,
'i S
314
Mq. a( OdIUMiui, to Murlct-
Uarriagtt.
[Mwdi.
ML At Tliljury, mita, H. B. itttnyi
Lbn!(ilD>s-lnn, nq, eliieM '"■- " —
jBBVmf.of Kmton--'--- '
dm.ofJr'^-" —
■r. A
tton-place, ta Anoi-Uuii, third
Beneit, orPvIliDDM, etq. U.P.
tocklud, Donet, Fnncis Du-
;r T.inpU,i
younf(cit ilaii. of the Uta BenJ. W. Tuckcrl
K, At l>enTunitan,Ba<ro]k, tlieBev. C M.
iiiltlty,afThaberloii-liilL, Suff. to Fmlerici,
Ird d>u. or Iht Hon. ind Rev. F»d. Ho-
Rtctor gf Denningtou tod Prebendary
Wuehun, Georje Curn"" ""- "t
~- ■ :li-C«lh»rin.
C>.pi, Donriu, S-N. Onnodiin on O* '■-
mucm stiAoZ ^At Aih, Dcst fludwkk.
Kent, John SliddOB, wq. g( AA, to BtMhyWi
ddntdin. of TliomwColtnu.OTq. of Oca
HiU. AtRedentulLthaBn.TKtaDBMA-
mui. U.A. Vlnr of B(itttii(il«a>, tawci. M
Anna, ddeat dau. of th« Irta B**. Jahs
Holmei, M.A. Rwrtorof SouttalMlWW.— -At
Rdinburrh, Willum Gordon, mo. fuot ■«■
nf the IMe W. Gordon, nq. at Abvdanr, la
Albiiia lubdlk, eecoDd dau. of Joha Oordsa,
eaq. ofCiimtinif.
Id. At St. GsoTfi's, Hu.-*q. R. P. Wo«-
rich, esq. of Qoebec, C*D«<U, and Bnaltoh
Wamicksbire, to Htriiett, nUct «( tto tab
lieut.-Col, Lain Wilker, K.H.
n. At Heunock.W. D. Hondiw, aa.if
CBllingloii, romirifl, to Sanh Knma, UiH
Darchwtcr, to Blitabeth-Calhiiine lluiweLl. ilau. of Artbur Cbichettcr, anq. of gtofcalafc^
wmnnat dau. of thelato Adm. JoKnh Han- l>ci'on. At KeuilnrlMi niaea. Lari U-
«elU At Charlton KiDg'a, William-Lionel, norbrn, to Ml»0ertr^8m]rth, dMarofhtr
aaeond aon of the late Sir H. V, Darell, Bart. Royal llitrbimH the Prlncoi at Oaaa.^— At
to Uarr, ddeat Oau. of the Ute Sir F. Ford, Great Yarmouth, Chnrica-Jahn Nnir, am.
Bart. At Preatbury. W, J- Diion.esq. eld- to Amelia-Oraham, ddmilau. Of —■—»•—
•at >on of William IXion, esq. of Cheltenham , b>ck Lanm, esq. >-—-''■ — ■.-
to laabella. eklMit dan. of Andrnr (ireen, Am>wenilth,Jiui.or
(■q. of Codurmouth, and fcrand-dau. of the ofC Amnramitli, aaq. of
lUa Henry Thompaon, eaq. of Cheltenham, •'-•-— ^- ' — -••*— .-.- -
At Bitton, William Hart, e«). E. 1. avil
SaiTJee, yoonreal aon of Ibe late Oen. Hart,
of KJldury. uanefal, la Franeea-Anne, fburlh
dtB. of Bow. Frere, etq.
M. At firamcole, Notti. Edw. Hartham, enq.
«Bly aon of tbe late Very Her. Ibe D«ui of
YoA, to Charkilte-eberwiii, eldeat dau. of the
late John Lonjtdon, esq. At lambeth, A.
H.LooEhnan.eiq. aeeond wnofAiid. Loufli-
■an, e«q. of hottiDgham-plao:. to Maiia-An-
toiDelte, dau. of thelate Alciandcr Hcotl, eaq.
jDda, dau. of the laic B. Conricaay, aad. af
Twickenham-park. At HmIcmv, tka Wat,
W. C. Biahop, Mlnliter of St. Kathariaa'a,
Northampt^ to Janit, third dBa.af thaMa
Itobert Dunbar, eaq. of HlffabarrwrOTiL
8t .PMe^ txfllD, Klohard Hall,
I*. Ai 01. rrur*. uuoun, Kionanl tialli
psq. of Copped-hall, Tottrrldeit to Saaao, daa.
nr^enryl<eonetUher,eiq. ^At St. KWb,
Ibe Rev. P. Latham, B.tXL. aecond bob ofthe
UartKinMitl
>f John Hil
, _. Mcond BOB ofthe
I. Latham, Vicar of IklUar'
toMary-A ■■ - ■ -^
Laftfe. At Wtedon, the Dev. Ri
Anear of Uenchwortb, Berka, to
dan. of WlUlam Smith, etq.
A*.l. At9t. Marylebone.W. T
Cqrt, Scola FnalUer Gi
Elrinrtnn
late Oen. BIrinelon, to Mary- A
-"■ " WllliBma,eBq. ofFonli. . ..
Brighton, John-Henri Uruninicll, n
DtB. aWllliama, eaq. of Forlland-pl.
S. At Briehton, Johr " "
■Ideat ■
William Wool ley, ._, . ._ ,
eldeai dan. of Thomas Kiii|nley, esq. Kdw.
Greenr, third son of BeiiJ. Greene, esq. of
'Rosaell.aq. to Emily, tbird ilau. of the Rev.
H. G. Bmythies, B.U. Vicar of Stanground,™.
Huntiniciton. AI AI>erdi'en,Thomai N. Far-
ijuhar. e!iu. of Ablnnion-tt. to Robina-Dnfr,
younfceat dau. of Gavin Hadden,esit. Lieut.
Robinaun ThDDUU, R.X. or BaUynakill-houae.
near Walerford, lo Sarah,dau. of J. I'. Mun)by,
«aq. of Stratford, Kmr^.- At Lpwinham, Iht
Rev. Charles Buroey, M.A. to Anu-Jaiip, el.lesi
dan. of Simeon Warner, eno. nf Itlackhealh.
— 'At Kenainiton, Hvathfit'ld Tiippir, e«q. lo
Jnlia-Ann, only child of W.GeeriniClarkaon,
Mil. Orilln BaaeoB. eaf). late of Itemerara,
to Henrietta-Loulaa, third dan. of John Rev-
nolda, esq. of Knowle-peeu, Stainen. At
Petworth.^amuel Lanr, eaq. of GreekditrevI,
Who, to ftliiabrth, eldeal dau. of Cliaa. Mnr-
ny, eaq. of New Orove, FelVDrlh.
fl. At HorniniFtan, itemecaet, Jatnea Hurd,
nq.ofValtan, near Bristol, to Jolla Merry,
eldeat dau. of the Rev. T. W. Wickham, Rector
of HoratnctOD. AtSonlhaea, Hants, Robl.
l^llock, ew). Slh Madru Cav. aecond aon of
^rF. Pollock, M.F. to Ellen, aecond dau. of
eldeat dan
tirappenbi
Hev. R. r.
Ion, Id Hai
i-H. lit Wi
KT-Eliulx
Gilbcrl, PM|. otBaat Bonme, SOBaei, and TTe-
drea, Comwall. At 81. Loke'a, Normod,
iTioinu Louhboroogh, esq. of AaatlofHara,
to Franm-Oimelia, aetond dan, of the lata
Loni Konley, NorthombiriaDd, by **' ' ITiifciii
DfUurliam.^e Hev. H. J. Maliby, vooMt
son and Chaplain to hli loidahip, to JBIa-
Katharlna, younieiit dan. of (.'. W. Blaaa, Mu
ufUuden. AI Kenalngton, J.i.iTtaS,
i-Kg.orLei|[h[on,>lDnl(oa)eryablre,laJiillBBa-
Mattlda, aecond.dBD. of tbe lata Robert DIA-
IT. 'ai St. Lnke'a, Old-atrret, Wana da h
Biie, esq. to UeoTKiaiia, younfcat daiLOfnoB.
Buwleit, eau. nf Guemaey.
18. At Meh^onib Urgit, H. G. HocUna.
rvi. eldeat non of Henry Hopkins, ni!^
Hubborne-ludfr, Hanla, to fanh, yoount
dau. of JoiKiih Bond, »q. of Touim.~— .At
llendon, the Hev. J. B. Bogat, of Dnib«TT
I>ei-an, only aon of the laie Cant, ■oaoc
It. H. Art. Id !rophia-Kitabeth, yDUnnslteBl
At Hillingd^n, KIchanT Wilson, no ai
^'denbam, to^mma, third dan. of H. Raner
«q. Uxbndjje.— -At «. Pancra^ Hanrr M-
leau, esq. Ud Rei. lo looua-Ana, rawMI
dau. of Henry Pengal, esq, of ToninctaH^
At St. Jarne*'*, J. N. Kolt, ta^rSammi
R. N. to Uary, eldeal dan. of Sir w; Bn^n.
&.(J,ll, Fbyaidan-Gen, ofthaNavr. ^^
315
OBITUARY.
H. R. H. THE Landgravine op
Hessk HoMBuao.
Jan. 10. At Frankfort, in ber 70th
year, Her Royal Highness EliKabetb,
Princess of England, Dowoger Laudgni-
viiic of Hesse Homburg.
The Princess Elizabeth was bom at
Huckingham House on the ^nd Maj
1770, the seventh child and third daughter
of King George the Third and Queen
Charlotte.
Her Royal Highness, when living in
England unmarried, was always distin-
guished for the propriety of ber conduct,
the amiability of her manners, and her
elegant accomplishments. She was much
attached to the arts of design ; and se-
veral of the productions of her pencil
were published, accompanied by the
poetical effusions of the minor bards of
the day, under the following titles : —
The Birth and Triumph of Cupid ; a
Poem, by Sir James Bland Burges. 4to.
1796.
Cupid turned Volunteer; with poeti-
cal illustrations, by Thomas Park, F.S. A.
4to. 1804'.
The Power and Progress of Genius, in
A series of Tweuty-one Etchings, fol.
1H0().
Six PoemA illustrative of Engravings
by H. R. H. the Princess Eliabeth,
4to. 1813.
After the peace of Europe had settled
the affairs of the several continental so-
vereigns, and the death of the Princess
Ohariotte of Wales instigated the votmger
children of King George the Ihird to
provide for the succession by forroinf ad-
ditional matrimonial alliances, the Prin-
ces!t Fllizabeth was induced to accept a
husband in the per.Hon of bis Serene
Highness Frederick -Joseph. Louis, the
Hereditary Prince of Hesse Homburg.
The marriage took place at the Queen's
palace, Buckingham-house, on the 7tb
April 1818. As any matters connected
with Royal marriages have recently poa-
sf ssed a more than usual interest, we are
tempted here to subjoin a description of
the Princess Elizabeth's Marriage, writ-
ten bv Mr. Rush, Minister Plenipoten-
riary from the United States of America
to the C/Ourt of Great Britain, who was
present at the ceremony : —
** We got to the palace at seren
i/rlock. Pages were on the stairs to
conduct us to the rooms. The ceremony
took place in the Tbrone-ioom. B«fof€
the throne was an altar covered with
crimson velvet: a profusion of goldtn
plate was upon it ; there was a salver of
great size on which was represented the
Lord's Supper. The company being aa-
sembled, the Bridegroom entered, with
his attendants. Then came the Queeo,
with the Bride and royal family. All ap-
proached the altar. Her Majesty sat ; toe
rest stood. The marriage service waa
read by the Archbishop of Canterburf.
The Duke of York gave the bride away.
The whole waa according to the forms of
the Church, and performed with great
solemnity. A record of the marriaM
was made. When all was finished, toe
Bride knelt before the Queen to receive
her blessing.
'* Soon after the service was perform-
ed, the Bride and Bridegroom set off for
Windsor. The company remained. The
evening passed in high ceremony, with-
out excluding social ease. From the
members of the royal family, the guests
had every measure of courtesy. The
conduct of the Queen was remarkable.
This venerable personage, the bead of %
large family — her children then clusterin|^
about her — the female head of a mat
empire — in the seventy-sixth year of her
age — went the roundls of the company,
speaking to all. There was a kindlineta
in her manner from which time had struck
uway useless forms. No one did the
omit. Around her neck hung a miniature
portrait of the King. He was abaest,
scathed by the band of heaven ; a mar-
riage going on in one of his palaces ; ht,
the lonely, suffering tenant of another.
But the portrait was a token superior to
a crown ! It bespoke the natural glonr of
wife and mother, eclipsing the artifteial
glory of Queen." — Rusk*9 Narraihe o/«
Residence qf the Omri of EnnUaU.
The Prince succeeded his father aa
Landgrave of Hesse Homburg, on the 90th
Jsn. 1820 : he died without issue on the
2nd April 1829, in his OOth year, and
was succeeded by his brother the present
reigning sovereign.
Left a widow in 1820, her Roval Hi^.
ness never ceased to be dear to the familx
of the Prince, and to the inhabitants oit
Hesse Homburg, whose Tenefition and
attachment she possessed in the highest
degree.
As a widow, the Landgravine visited this
country in 1835, but we think not after*
wtfdf. She preferred to become the
316 Obituary. — H. R. H. The Landgravine of Hesse Hamburg. [March,
benefactress of tbe country of her adop-
tion. She continued to reside at Hano-
ver, where her brother, King ^William
IV., had given her a palace. It was only
during the last three years that she passed
the winter at Frankfort. It was in this
city that she sunk under an inflammation
of the intestines. This disorder, which
had been long combated by the care and
ability of Dr. Downie, her own physician,
but strengthened by the advanced age of
the princess, ended in mortification,
which carried her off in a very short time.
So far back as last April, Dr. Downie
had in vain entreated her royal highness
to allow him to call in another physician.
It was not till the disorder became more
alarming that she consented to summon Sir
Charles Herbert, of London.
The following tribute to her memory
has appeared since her death in the Jour,
nal de Francfort : —
" Two precious qualities enhanced the
splendour of her birth. If her mild and
amiable disposition rendered her the idol
of the companies which she honoured
with her presence* her beneficence and
charity made her a second Providence to
the distressed. Independently of a gift
of 5,000/. sterling, which she made annu-
ally to the municipality of the town of
Homburg, a great number of families,
both of that place and of Frankfort, sub-
sisted in part by her beneficence ; and
strict orders were given to all the domes-
tics of her household never to send away
unrelieved any poor person who should
apply at the door of her palace. To her
may be truly applied the Divine precept
— • Let not thy left hand know what thy
right hand docth ; ' and the greater part of
her numerous charities would have re-
mained in unmerited oblivion, but for the
affectionate indiscretion of her servants
and her proteges. It may be imagined
how painful her loss will be to her august
relations, and how many benedictions will
follow her to the tomb. She passed
through the world doing good."
Her Royal Highness is said to have
left two wills, one deposited in London,
the other in Hanover. She cannot have
made any great saving out of what she re-
ceived from England. Out of the sum of
10,000/. a year, she had assigned 6,000/.
per annum to improve the finances of
Hesse. In fact, when she gave her hand
to the Landgrave, in consequence of the
war, and other unfavourable circum-
stances, the little state, which is otherwise
not rich, was burdened with heavy debts.
By means of that assistance, and by tbe j u-
didous management of M. Ibel, the Presi-
dent, the debts were so well regulated, that
the finances of the country are now in a
good condition. The jewels of the de-
ceased princess are said to be of greet
value.
Her funeral took place in the frmily
mausoleum of the Landgraves, et Heese
Homburg, in the presence of the rdgning
Landgrave Philip, Prince Gustmvus, the
Duke of Nassau, and his brother Prince
Maurice, and other illustrious relatives.
In her latter days her Royal Highness
did not entirely relinquish her former
elegant amusement. In 1834 she hstd
copies made at Frankfort, on % smaller
scale, of the 20 engravings she had for-
merly engraved, depictive of Genius,
Fancy, and Imagination ; and thej were
published in 1835, accompanied by some
German sonnets by Minna Witte, for tbe
benefit of the poor of Hanover, dedicated,
in a fac-simile letter, to her brother tbe
Duke of Cambridge. In August 1837.
it was announced that she had again sent
to the managing committee of the inlant
school at Hanover, a sum of 103 rix*
dollars, the further profits on the work
published by Her Royal Highness, " Ge-
nius, Imagination, Pbantasie, nach Ent-
wurfen I. K. H. der Frau Landgrfifin
von Hessen Homberg, gebomen Frin-
zessin von England, geziechnet von Ram-
berg, roit erkUrenden Sonnetten von Min-
na Witte." This, with the sums pre-
viously forwarded to the committee, made
the profits then realized upon the sale of
the work amount to 900 nx-dollars.
Marchioness Dowager of Hastings.
Jan. 9. At Kelbume Castle, tbe
of the Earl of Glasgow, in her CKHh year,
the Right Hon. Flora Mure Campbell-
Rawdon- Hastings, Marchioness dowi^er
of Hastings; Countess of Loodoon
(1633), Baroness Campbell of LoadouB
(1601), Farrinyean, and Machiine, in tbe
peerage of Scotland.
Her Ladyship was bom at Edlnbufgfa,
Sept. 2, 1780, the only child of Major-
Gen. James ilfth Earl of Loudoun, by
Flora, eldest daughter of John Madeoa»
of Rasay, co. Inverness. Her mother died
in giving her birth ; and her father died
on the 28th April, 1786, when she was
only in her sixth year. She thereupon
became a peeress of Scotland, by tbe title
of Countess of Loudoun.
Her infancy was intrusted to the care
of the Earl and Countess of Dumfriea,
with whom her Ladyship constantlj re-
sided, until the death of the Earl in 1803.
She was married at Lady Perth's^ in
Grosvenor-square, London, on the 18th
July, l&Oif to Frauds Earl of Moira, thn
Commander-in-chief of the Foraie ia
Scotland, His Royal Highneta the Piioot
1840.]
Obituary.— r/*^ Archbishop of Paris*
317
of Wales gave away the bride, and the
ceremony was performed by Bishop
Porteiis.
The distinguished career of the Earl
t)f Moira, who was advanced to the title
of the Marquess of Hastings in 1816, is
well known. He died on the 28ih Nov.
18*26, leaving five children, of whom the
late Lady Flora, whose lamentable fate
was recorded in our last volume, p. 321,
was the eldest, born at Edinburgh, 11th
Feb. 1806. The next child died soon
after birth ; and the present Marquess
was born in London on the 4th Feb.
1808, and baptized with great pomp on
the 7th April following, the Prince of
Wales being one of the sponsors. He
has now by his mother's death succeeded to
her Scotish dignities, and is a Peer of each
of the three kingdoms. It is remarkable
that he also, as his father, has married a
Peeress in her own right, the Baroness
(rrey de Kuthyn. The Marchioness's
other children are daughters, at present
uiiniarried.
Her Ladyship had occupied the resi-
dence of the Earl of Glasgow for the last
few weeks, in the hope that the mildness
of the climate at Kelburne during the
winter would prove beneficial to her shat-
tered health, .\lthough her Ladyship's con-
stitntioii was much impaired by the severe
affliction she and her family have under-
gone, yet she did not feel alarmingly or
verioubly indisposed until three days
lM*fore her decease. Her medical attend-
Hilt is of opinion that the immediate cause
of her death was water on the brain, and
that this disrate was the result of extreme
mental anxiety and distress. The body
was deposited by that of her lamented
daughter in the mausoleum at Loudoun
rasrlc. The last and rather romantic
request of the late Marquess has been
comi>lied with. During his fatal illness
(at .Malta), on learning that the Mar-
rhioncMs eould not be buried in the same
plurc HM his own body, he desired the
medical gt ntleman who attended him to
( ut off his right hand after death, to
be prcHcrved and placed in the coflin
with the l)ody of his lady, in token of his
great Hffectioii. This was accordingly
done.
TiiK Archbishop OP Paris.
Dfc.'M. At Paris, in his 62d year,
Count Hyacintbe Louis de Qu^lcn,
Archbishop of Paris, Peer of France,
(Commander of the Order of the Holy
(rhost, and Member of the Academie
Fran<;ai8e.
M. de Quelcn, descended from an an.
cient Breton family allied to the Dukes
d' Aiguillon, was bom in Paris the 8tU Oct.
1778, and, being destined for the church,
was entered in due time at the celebrated
Ecclesiastical Seminary of St. Sulpice,
where he greatly distinguished himself
by his proficiency in all branches of class,
ical and theological learning. After har-
ing been admitted into Holy Orders, and
into the Priesthood, he became attached
to Cardinal Fesch, and was charged by
his Eminence with the formation of his
ecclesiastical household ; on the disgrace
of the Emperor*8 uncle he followed him
into exile, and refused to accept the place
of Chaplain to the Empress Maria Louisa,
which the Abb^ de Pradt, Archbishop of
Mechlin, had obtained for him. Suose-
quently, however, M. de Qu^len returned
to Pans, and remained there till the resto-
ration as one of the assistant clerg]rmen
of the church of St. Sulpice. On the
return of the Bourbons, Cardinal de
Talleyrand* Perigord, Archbishop of Paris,
presented him to Louis XVIIL, who
honoured him with his confidence; and
M. de Qu^len took part in all the eccle-
siastical negotiations that were carried on
at that time with the court of Rome con.
cerning various concordaii for the GalUcan
church. He was appointed Vicar- General
of the Grand Almonry ; was then conse.
crated Bishop of Samosata, in partilma
injidelium, and was ultimately named
coadjutor, with the right of succession,
to his friend and benefactor Cardinal
Talleyrand, in the metropolitan see of
Paris. Having become Archbishop on
the death of the Cardinal in 1821, M.
de Qu<^len was raised to the Peerage, in
virtue of his office; and in 182i was
elected a member of the Academie Fran.
caise, in the room of Cardinal de Beausset
deceased. In the Chamber of Peers the
Archbishop distinguished himself by an
elevated and firm line of political conduct {
was a warm and conscientious supporter
of the Bourbons, but always preserved his
connection and friendship with the dis.
tinguished personages of the empire who
formed his early fnends. At the revolu-
tion of 1830 the Archbishop of Paris made
no secret of his fidelity to his legitimate so-
vereign, and his disapprobation of the new
order of thinn. As an ecclesiastical peer
he was excluded from the Upper Chamber,
and as a clergyman and a leading
partisan of the fallen dynasty was chosen
by the government and the mob as a pe-
culiar object of persecution. In 1831, at
the time of the sack of the church of St.
Germain TAuxerrois, the Archiepiscopal
jmlacc was assailed with peculiar fury by
the populace, encouraged by the ministry
of the day and headed by officers of the
National Guards, and various persons of
influence with the bourgeoiste of Parii,
318
Obituart. — The Archbishop of Paris.
[MmkA,
The ancient and interesting residence of
the prelates of this capital, built by
Bishop Maurice de Sully, on the southern
side of the cathedral, was in the course of
two days levelled with the ground. The
infuriate mob threw all the Archbishop's
library, all his furniture and valuables,
into the Seine that flowed beneath the
windows ; broke up and stole most of his
plate, and abstracted all the money found
in the palace. The Arclibisho)) had a
few days before received 213,0(X)fr. on
account of bis brother, being the proceeds
of the sale of an estate. This sum was
taken away by the mob ; and the total
amount of other property destroyed or
lost was estimated at 400,000 fr. The
Archbishop, had he fallen into the hand»
of the mob, would certainly have been
sacrificed ; fortunately, this was not the
case, and the fickle fury of the Parisian
rabble speedily passed over. It was on
this occasion that the people broke into
the vestry of Notre Dame, and cut up the
splendid vestments of the priests given by
Napoleon, together with the Emperor's
own coronation robe, in order to get at the
golden ornaments with which they were
studded. A more disgraceful scene hardly
occurred even during the great revolution ;
and it is one of the many faults with
which the new dynasty may be fairly re-
proached, since it was fully in the power
of the government to have prevented it.
The Archbishop was too sensible of
his own dignity to demand any compensa-
tion for his losses from the Govcnimcnt
or municipality of Paris ; and neither the
latter body nor the legislature have ever
had either the honour or the justice to
offer him any indemnification. The pre-
late took up his town residence in the
Convent of the Dames du Sacr/"- Opur, in
the Kuc de Varennes, and thenceforth
spent his time between that place and
tne country seat of the Archbishops, at
Conflans, just above Paris. On the
breaking out of the cholera in \Ki2, the
leal of the Archbishop for his suffering
flock knew nu bounds : his comparatively
slender means were given all in aid of the
sick, and after the cessation of that scourge
he instituted a noble foundation for the
education and maintenance of the young
girls who had been left orphans by this
public calamity.
The first time of any public recognition
of Louis Philippe being made by the
Archbishop was in 1835, on occasion of
the attempt by Fieschi ; on that occasion
the head of the state went to Notre
Dame to return thanks for his escape, and
he was received at the door of the cathe-
dral by the prelate at the head of his clergy.
j\lthough subsequently to this period on
rather letter terms mth the new court, the
Archbishop kept studiously aloof ftom At
Tuileries and the politiGiaiii of the dsf.
He baptized the infant son of tlio Dike
and Duchess of Orleans in I8S89 but le*
fused to proceed to christen hiniv baoutse
the court wished the Grand DiidioH of
Mecklenbui^g-Schwerin, who is a Pio-
testant, to stand as godmotlwr 1— « eon-
pliance with which wish would have btaa
impossible for a Catholic prelate to gife.
The last moments of M. de Quflen
were worthy of a pious and sincere Chris-
tian. He performed all the datiet en-
joined by toe rubric of that church of
which he was one of the leading dipii-
taries. The painful crisia of hit 001^
plaint, (the dropsy) and the tortures of
slow suffocation, which generally attend
it, he supported with the greatest forti-
tude ; remaining seated in his arm-cbair,
for he could not bear the horisontal posi-
tion of a bed, receiving all who came to
him, and giving his mistond benedictioa
to all around him. The members of Us
family, between whom and himself a very
warm attachment always subsisted, were
in constant attendan ce ; his Ticars-geneisl
and his sccularies were by his side ; the
Papal Internuncio had an interview with
him on the eve of his decease, and Sisters
of Charity performed the offices of nurses.
On the following day the Archbisbop'k
body, after having been washed by his se-
cularies according to the rules of the
Church, and after having been emhalased
by the new method, wmch obviates any
operation of dissection, was arrayed in the
robes in which he received bia episcopsl
consecration ; it was then laid on a bed of
state with the mitre on the head, the
hands with the episcopal ring by his side,
the crozier and cross also by the side, the
face uncovered with closed eyes as if in
sleep, and wai thus exposed to public view
in the Chapel of the Convent of the Sacri
Coeur, where he died, until the 4th Jan.,
about three thousand persons coming every
day to visit it ; ana the more devout
bringing chaplets, rings, handkerchiefti
and other articles to touch the hands or
face of the deceased, and to be afterwards
preserved as sacred mementos of their
revered pastor.
The Archbishop died without any
money and without any debts ! It became
a question of importance by whom the
expenses of his funeral were to be de-
frayed ; and before it was known that his
brother, a gentleman by no means rich*
and other members of his family intended
to sustain all the charges themselves, ap-
plication was made by the Chapter of
Notre Dame to the Government* oat was
refused ; indirect application waa wmdm la
the Munidpat Council of Paria, bat the
Prefect declared that the propnitiM
1840.]
0BiTUAET.**Gtf»tfr«7 iSiV JaiMU Duff.
319
could not even be entertained ! Louis
Philippe, at this conjuncture, sent 12,0(X)fr.
to the Chapter, and that body, on learn,
iri^ the intention of M. de Qu^len's family,
decided on appropriating this sum to cha-
ritable purposes. A subscription, set on
foot by the Princess de Beauffremont,
had been filled up to a large amount in a
few hours, but this testimony of private
respect was not needed. The revenues
of the Metropolitan see of Paris arc under
60,IHH) francs or 2000/. per annum.
On the 4th January the Archbishop's
body was transferred to the Cathedral
Church of Notre Dame, where it was de-
posited in the Lady Chapel behind the
choir, and lay there in state till the 9tb,
when the solemn interment took place.
During this interval the clerj^yofall the
churches in Paris came in bodies, at ap-
pointed hours of succession, to sprinkle
holy water on the corpse and to pray by
its kide ; while the public were allowed to
circulate through the aisles of the great
edifice, to go in front of the Lady Chapel,
where they might see the body and so
])usH on. The crowd was so great for the
four da)*s that this lasted that a long tile
of many hundreds of people was formed
outside the Cathedral from an early hour
in the morning till dark waiting their
turns of admisi>ion.
The interior of the Cathedral was
hung in black round the nave and choir up
to the trifurium galleries : in the midst of
the choir was placed a gorgeous catafalque
covered with black velvet studded with
silver stars and tears, and over it a black
velvet canopy, above which were the ar-
mori.il bearings of the Archbishop as a
C onnt.
The clergy and family of the deceased
were in the choir; the members of the
iuHtituteand the personal friends of the
prelate in the nave and transept : the
*• Oriihans of the Cholera" and the Sis-
ttTs of Charity were near the high altar.
All the clergy of Paris followed the
Chapter of Notre Dame in procession
round the (.'athedrnl to fetch the body
which had been enclosed in a triple coffin
Irom the i^dy Cha|»cl to the choir. Here
It was placed on the catafalque with lofty
taper> ranged ut each side, some of them
burning blue lights ; and the solemn mass
ot th«" dead commenced. The officiating
prelate wum the Bishop of Cbartrcs, head
sutfriigan of the province : he was assisted
by two of the titular canons as deacon and
Mib.deai'on, and by the grand vicar and
another canon as priests. Near the cata-
falque stood the other suffragan Bishops
o( Versailles, Orleans, Baiuvais, and
Meaux. in the sanctuary were the Papal
Inlernuncio, tbc Arcbbithopi of Lyoof,
Auch, and Chalcedon, and the Bishops
of Viseu, Morocco, and Dijon. The
service was chanted without the organ by
the full choir ; after the mass was con-
cluded the five suffraig^ Bishops pro-
nounced each their absolution ; the Bishop
of Chartres advanced to the opening of
the vault of the Archbishops in front of
the altar, and while the Deprqfundis was
sung the coffin was lowered to its final
resting place. All the persons present
were subsequently admitted to sprinkle
holy water on the entrance of 'the tomb ;
and the stone covering, having been re-
placed, was sealed up.
The deceased prelate was very tall, with
a handsome and benevolent countenance,
an air of great dignity, and when at the
altar, it might be almost said, of elegance.
No one better understood or more exactly
practised all the little formalities of the
Catholic ritual. He has left two brothers ;
the Count Amable de Qu^len, formerly
Deputy for the Cotes du Nord in Brettany,
and the Viscount de Qu^len, formerly
Colonel of the fifteenth Dragoons; besides
numerous nephews and nieces.
The see of Paris from the time of the
first Bishop St. Denis, A.D. 2o0, num.
bered one hundred and ten Bishops up to
1(322, when it was erected into an Arch-
bishopric by Pope Gregory XV.: after
this period, and including M. de Qu^len,
the number of Archbishops has been
thirteen.
Ge.veral Sir James Durr.
Dec, 5. At Funtington, near Chi-
Chester, in his 87th year, General Sir
James Duff, Knt. Colonel of the 50th
regiment of Foot; the oldest genenl
officer in the army.
This veteran officer was appointed
Ensign in the 1st Foot-guards on the
IBth April, 1769; Lieutenant and Cap-
uin 1775; Adjutant 1777. He received
the honour of knighthood on the SOth
April, 1779, on occasion of acting as
proxy for Sir James Harris at the instal-
lation of the Bath, being then styled of
Kinstoure, North Britain. He wis
promoted to be Captain and Lieut.- Col.
1780 ; Colonel in the army 1790 ; Majorl
General 17fM»; 3d Major in the 1st Foot-
guards 1795, 1st Major 1797. He com-
manded the garrison at Limerick in 1796
and 1799, and opened the communication
to Dublin, which was then cut off by the
rebel forces. His aid-de camps at that
time were the present Major- General
Napier and Major- General Sir James
Douglas. He was appointed Colonel of
the .50th Foot, Au^. 1, 1798; was raised
to the rank of Lieut.- General in 1801
and to that of full Genenl in 1809. '
320 Obituary.— -4rfw. Sir Henri/ Trollope, G.C.B.
[March,
Adm. Sir Henry Trollopk.
Nov. 2. At Freshford, near Bath,
in his 84'th year, Sir Henry Trollope,
Admiral of the Red, and G.C.B.
Sir Henry TroUope was a native of
Norwich. He was a second cousin of
the late Sir John Trollope, of Casewick,
CO. Lincoln, Bart, being a son of John
Trollope, esq. (grandson of the third
Baronet) by Anne Guyon. His elder
brother, Thomas, was a Colonel in the
urmv.
He entered the Royal Navy in 1770.
He was present at the battles of Lex-
ington and Bunker's Hill ; was employed
by Lord Duncan in quelling the insur.
rection in Virginia, and afterwards at the
siege of Boston, and assisted at the taking
of Rhode Island. In 1777 he was ap-
pointed third Lieutenant of the Bristol,
50 guns, and assisted at the attack of
Forts Montgomery and Clinton, and
afterwards of Philadelphia and Mud
Island.
On the commencement of the war with
Holland, Lieut. Trollope distinguished
himself by his activity in the command of
the Kite cutter, in which his services
were so highly approved, that Lord Sand-
wich thought fit to raise that vessel to
the establishment of h sloop of war, by
which Mr. Trollope obtained the rank of
Commander. In the spring of 1781 he
accompanied Vice- Adm. Darby's squa-
dron to the relief of Gibraltar, and on
the 4th June following was promoted to
the rank of Post- Captain.
His first ship with that rank was the
Rainbow 44, armed entirely with carron-
ades (an experiment of Capt. Keith
Stewart), in which, on the 4th Sept. 1782,
he captured off Ushant the P>ench frigate
Hebe, of 38 guns, but 300 tons greater
weight, and manned with 100 more
men. This was nearly the last action of
that war.
In 1790, on Capt. TroUopc's applying
for employment, Lord Chatham, then
First Lord of the Admiralty, asked him
whether he would take a 28-gun ship im-
mediately, or wait for a larger frigate.
'* An eight-and- twenty now, " was his
ready reply; which so pleased Lord
Chatham, that, on the following day, he
received his commission for la Prudente
of 38 guns ; and in the following year he
was appointed to the Hussar frigate, in
which he was employed on the Mediter-
ranean station.
In 1793 he was appointed to the Glat-
ton of 56 guns, a ship then purchased
from the East India service ; and during
the ensuing winter and spring he was
employed in the North sea. On the
14th July 1796, when cruising off Hel-
voetsluys, he unexpectedly fell into the
18
midst of a French squadron, which
at first mistaken for Bridab. It
found to consist of three large
two smaller, and a cutter; bet
other frigate and a large Inig, about to
join them to leeward. Nothing daunted
at so formidable a force, but Gontideriog
the encounter as a fair opportunity for
trying the effect of the heavj carronade*
with which the Ghitton was equipped.
Capt. Trollope selected the huigett venel
for attack, and was shortly alter enga^
with one on each side, into both of which
the Glatton opened her fire with tre-
mendous effect, and finally put the whole
to flight. A particuhir account of tbi«
action is given in James*8 Naval Histonr:
and it conveys a highly honourable view
of the conduct of the Glatton. The
prompt decision of Capt. Trollope to be-
come the assailant when two of the op-
ponent ships were of greater weight tban
his own, no doubt bad the effect of dis-
maying the enemy; and there it every
probability that, had any other of the
British cruisers arrived in time, aome of
the French squadron would have been
captured. The merchants of Loudon
presented Capt. Trollope with a piece of
plate of the value of 100 guineas, in tes-
timony of the high sense which they
entertained of his conduct ; and it was
understood that the honour of knighthood,
afterwards conferred by the King, was
intended to have reference especudly to
this achievement. A picture of the en-
gagement, painted by H. Singleton, was
exhibited at the Royal Academy in 18M.
In the summer of 1797 Capt. Trollope
removed into the Russell y4 ; and ia
October following he was left with a
small squadron to watch the Dnteh fleet
in the Texel, during the absence of Adm.
Duncan, who had proceeded to Yamumth
roads to refit his ships. The enemy
availed themselves of this opportunity to
put to sea ; but, by the vigilance of Capt.
Trollope, Adm. Duncan was immediatelv
apprised of their sailing, a service which
he acknowledged in these words : ** Gap-
tain Trollope' s exertions and active good
conduct, in keeping sight of the enemy's
fleet until I came up, have been truly
meritorious, and I trust will meet a just
reward.** We need scarcely add that
the result was the glorious victory of
Camperdown.
On the dOth of the same month, the
King, being anxious to visit his ▼ictoriooa
fleet, embarked at Greenwich on board
the Royal Yacht, commanded on this
occasion by Capt. Trollope : but, curing
to a foul wind, was prevented from pro-
ceeding beyond Gravesend, and thermn
returned two days after. Ptevioodjr to
his hmding, his Miyeity confiBncd «
1840.] Adm. Sir Henry Trollopc-^Rear-Adnu F, G. Bond.
321
i^apt. Trollope the honour of knight-
hood, saying, <* I was in hopes to have
knighted you on the quarter-deck of the
V^enerable." It was at first announced
that Capt. Trollope had on this occasion
received the ancient dignity of a Knight
Banneret ; but to this some official
objections were subsequently raised,
and it was decided by a resolution of
the Privy Council, that a Knight
Banneret could only be made in the field
where a battle had actually been fought,
and in which the person so created had
borne a part. Sir Henry was therefore
considered a knight bachelor. He was
one of the officers who walked in their
Majesties* procession to St. Paul's, on
the day of Thanksgiving, Dec. 19, 1797 ;
when His Majesty particularly introduced
him to the Queen, saying, ** This is Sir
Henry Trollope; and Lord Duncan will
never forget that he owes his victory to
Sir Henry's keeping so good watch on
the Dutch fleet, and showing them to
liitn in the day of battle."
In the following year, Sir Henry Trol-
lope, continuing with the Russell, served
in the Channel Meet; and he afterwards
commanded the Juste 84, on the same
service. He \vas promoted to the rank
of Hear- Admiral, Jan. 1, I80I ; to that
(»f Vici. Admiral, Nov. 9, 1805; and
full Admiral, Aug. 12, 1812. He was
created an extra K.C.B. on occasion of
the coronation of King George IV. May
'iO, 18*.^; and advanced to the rank of a
(J.C.B. Mtnr 19, 1831.
Sir H. Trollope married, about 1782,
Miss Fanny Best; but lost his wife in 1816,
uiid had no children. A nephew resided
with him. His death ensued from an act
of insanity, which at his advanced age ap-
pears peculiarly lamentable. He had for
the lai«t forty years been subject to the
gout, which latterly affected his head, and
was no doubt the cause of his committing
the rash act. On the inquest, James
Kelson, gardener, stated that be had lived
with the deceased for upwards of sixteen
years, and had slept in the room with him
for the last five or six months. De-
ceased always went to bed with an open
knife in his hand, wrapped up in his
handkerchief, in order, as he stated, that
he might be ready to ittab the first person
that broke into his room. He kept a
blunderbuss, a knife, and several brace
of pistols in the bed-room; and had long
been impressed with the idea that some
person had an intention to break into bis
room and rob him. On the morning of
his death, be had obtained from his
nephew his powder-flask, saying, he
should like to see it once more. Shortly
afterwards Mr. Trollope went out, and
when he came home he was infonned that
G£NT. Mag. Vol. XIII.
Sir Henry had shut himself up in his
room, and locked his door. Mr. Trollope
thought nothing of this, as deceased was
frequently in the habit of doing so. He
had not, however, been at home more
than 10 minutes when he heard a report
of a pistol, and on breaking open the
door, the deceased was found lying across
the bed, his head completely blown awav.
The pistol used was a boarding pistol ;
it was shattered in many places, and there
was no doubt that it had been loaded up
to the muzzle. His body was interred in
the vault underneath St. James's church,
Bath.
R£AR- Admiral F. G. Bond.
Oct. 26. At his residence in £xeter/
aged 74, Rear-Admiral Francis Godol-
phin Bond.
He was bom in the year 1765. At
eleven years of age, he entered the Navy,
in the Southampton frigate. Two years
after, when Ijring in the Shannon, he was
blown up, together with four others, in a
French frigate taken by the Crescent.
Whilst in the Crescent, a 28-gun frigate,
commanded by the Hon. Captain Paken-
ham, and in company with the Flora of
36 guns, he was engaged with two large
Dutch frigates off Gibraltar, in a severe
action, which lasted two hours and a half,
and in which the Crescent had 97 men
killed and wounded. At the age of
eighteen he went to the East Indies, as
second Lieutenant of the Bristol, and was
present in the general engagement under
Admiral Hughes, with the French fleet,
under Admiral Suffrein. In 1791, he ac-
companied his relative, Capt. Bligh, as.
first. Lieutenant of the Providence, ap-
pointed to carry the bread-fruit from
Otaheite to the West Indies. He was
first Lieutenant of the Active frigate,
when she was wrecked on the island of
Anticosti. For his skill and eoodiict in
the Arrow, of which he was first Lieu-
tenant during the storms of the winter of
17d7, he was appointed by Lord Spericer
to the command of the Netley schooner,
of 16 guns, where he was so successful
in protecting the trade of Lisbon and
Oporto, that he received the thanks of
the merchants, and was voted a piece of
plate. On this station he captured 47
vessels, many of which were armed pri-
vateers, and some of a force supertor to
his own. He was made Post Captain in
1802, and appointed to a command in the
Sea Fencibles about June 1803. He at-
tained the rank of Rear- Admiral in 1836
In the year 1801, he married Sophia,
daughter of Thomas Snow, esq. of
Oporto ; and by her, who sonrifet him, h«
has left a family of fire sons, two of wbom
are in the NaYy» and fire daoghtcn* Fron
2 T
322 ORiTirART.—- Colonel Khijficaie.'^John BimeUrk, JFag. [Mird
teered with the whole of hw oOeen n
men ; and snhsequently the i^iiiieiit wm
ordered to DuUin, andremeined in iIm
garrison till, io 1814, it retimed to Ea^>
land to be disembodied.
^ By the demise of his unde, liqor Nice
Kingscote, be became poeeeseed of w
estates in 1773. He firet qualifiod m i
Magistrate for Gloueestenhira* on Jn»
ary 23d, 1792, and at his deeth wm the
oldest Magistrate in the county. On the
disembodying of the militiny he fiaelly
settled on his paternal eetatet at Kiigs-
cote, where he hat contimied ever anee
to reside, fulfilling his duties u a n^ii-
trate and landloid, and winnipg, by as
undeviating rectitude and conaiattney d
condoct, the jast tribate of mrifcnal na-
pect. Col. Kingscote wm mi honest
Constitutional Whig. His unbendiDe
adherence to the prindplea be bdimS
to be the best, has repeatedly drawn fMth
the approbation even of jpoUtiGal oppe>
nents. Indeed, as a pertcct gentlcinn,
he well knew bow to conduct hie impo-
sition, and could say at the termination of
his long life* that he had never been cdM
upon to apologiae to any nan. Hia love
of Constitutional liberty did not carry hia
into democratic or latitudinarian eztramee.
A more loyal heart could not have beca
found in her Majesty's realms, and bo wis
the first to condemn the disturber of the
public peace. A truly British spirit of
independence was the boast of hu life;
he would have made any sacrifice to main.
tain it. As a magistntc» Col. Iflntarutr
was fearless, uncompromising, and ju-
dicious ; as a landlord, beloved by a ta-
nantry, in whose welfare bo waa dcoply
interested; as an encourager of boofst
industry, and the rebuker of sloth and
improvidence, he was known amoBf the
uoor on his estates ; as a friend and pntran,
he was firm and attached ; aa a ralatife,
affectionate and generous ; taavinf
his brother's family, he baa ei
as a father to his nephews and
During his latter years he had ictirad
from public life, and it is tho bast egnso*
lation of his surviving relativea to bcUovt
that he had sought the pardon of ains and
an everlasting rest, through a simplo tnst
in the merits of his Saviour. Hafiai
lived unmarried, he is succeeded in M
estates by his eldest nephew, TlMOa^
the son of the late Thomas Kii^MoCe,
esq. and Harriet, sister of tho prasant Sir
H. Peyton, Bart.
the period of his marriage he retired from
the active duties of the naval service, in
which he had so long been usefully and
honourably engaged, and applied himself
to the diligent cultivation of those virtues
which adorn the character of a Christian^
in all die relations of private life. His
body was interred on the 2nd of Nov. in
his fiimily vault, in the churchyard of
IVinity church, Exeter.
Colonel Kingbcotk.
Jan. 18. At Kingscote, Gloucester,
shire, aged 86, Robert Kingscote, esq.
Colonel of the Royal North Gloucester
Militia.
Colonel Kingscote was the represcn-
tative of a family which has been seated
from Norman times at Kingscote, in
Gloucestershire, having derived its name
from their residence. The manor of
Kingscote was given to their ancestor,
Nigel Fitz- Arthur, by Robert Fiti-
Harding, the ancestor of the Bcrkeleys,
together with his daughter Aldena in
marriage; and a full pedigree of the
family, compiled by the Rev. T. D.
Fosbroke, F.S.A. will be found in that
gentleman's publication of Smyth's lives
of the Berkeleys.
The Colonel was bom in April 1751,
the eldest son of Robert Fitz- Harding
Kingscote, esq. by Mary, daughter and
coheiress of — Hammond, esq.
Col. Kingscote entered the regular army
at the age of 23, and was gazetted Ensign
of the 3 1st Foot, then commanded by Sir
JaAies Adolphus Oughton, K.B. the 5th
of April, 1773. He embarked for Ame-
rica, and >vas promoted to a Lieutenancy
in that corps 22d February, 1776. In
1778 he quitted the regular service. In
1793 be was appointed Major of the Royal
North Battalion of Militia in Gloucester,
shire; and on the 31 st March, 1794«, he
Was nominated to the Colonelcy of the
Mitne regiment, which he contimied to
hold to the time of his demise, nearly
half a century. Asa commanding officer
Col. K. was universally esteemed and
respected by all who served under him,
and few men could be more actuated by
the etprit de corp» et de tefTtce, and of
which we may mention two instances.
In 1798 Lord Grcnville brought a bill into
Parliament, which passed the 21st June
of that year, for enabling his Majesty to
accept the services of such militia as might
offer to serve in Ireland ; on this occasion
Col. K. volunteered with the greatest part
of his regiment, and embarking at Bristol,
served in that kingdom. And again when
in IBll, a bill was brought in by Mr.
Ryder to allow, by volunteering, the in-
terchange of the British and Irish Militia
Regiments^ Col. K. at that time volun-
John Bsauclsmk, Esq.
/an. B. In Eaton.place, aged 78^ Johi
Beauclerk, esq. M. A., Banri
and a Commisdoner for the
of London.
He WM bocn Feb. lO, 1778^ A«
1840.] Obituary.— Beiyamm GoU, Eiq.^Sir W, C. Ellis, M.D. 323
t»on of the Rev. Henry Beauclerk, Rector
of Greens' Norton, Northamptonshire, (a
grandson of Charles first Duke of St.
Alban's, K.G.) by (;harIotte, daughter
of John Drunimond, esq. He was a
member of Christ church, Oxford, where
he received the degree of M.A. April 22,
1 796 : and he was called to the bar by the
Hon. Society of the Inner Temple, on
the 6th May following. He u'as formerly
a C^oramissioner of Bankrupts.
Mr. Beauclerk married, Aug. 14,
17(>8, Mttry, daughter of Thomas Fitz-
Hu^h, of Port land -place, esq. ; by whom
he had issue three daughters and one son :
1. (/harlotte.Mary; 2. Harriet, who died
in 18220; 3. Henry. William Beauclerk,
TFq. a ('lerk to the Board of Control;
and 4. Catharine.
Hknjamin Gott, Km.
Feb. 14. In his 7bth year, Benjamin
(lott, es([. of Armley house, near Leeds.
Mr. Gott was bom on the 24th June,
1 7Cyi, tlie son of a man who by his energy
and talents raised himself to eminence as
un Hble civil engineer. He was educated
at Bingley school, and in early life his
abilities and amiable difposirion endeared
him to his sohooUfellows and friends. He
entered, and afterwards l)ecame a partner
ol, the firm of Wormald and Fountnine,
which by the retirement of the other
partner became eventually the eHtablish-
ment alone of Mr. (iott and his sons.
Thu*4 placed in a commanding situation,
Mr. Gott's supi'rior quahtics acquired an
ample field for their development, l^n.
tiring encnry, an enlarg(.*d intelligence, and
an enterprising spirit, soon mised the
>ubject oi this memoir to the head of the
woollen manufacture of Yorkshire.
During the war his establishments were
oil so large a scale, that at one period
lUN)!. a week in wages were paid by his
house. Wealth thus acquired was nobly
dispensed. Mr. (roft was the active
supporter of every charitable institution ;
u patron of the fine arts, and a firm and
enlightened upholder of our Constitution
in Church and State, from a conscientious
conviction of its excellence. He was one
of the founders of the Leeds Philosopbi-
chI and Literary Society, and of the I^eeda
Meehanii>* institution, to both of which
he gave I'irge donatic»ns. To the poor he
was a moMt bountiful benefactor, both at
l/4>eds and at Armley, and to the nume-
rous pcr<«ons in his employment he was a
i^eneroutand kind master, — many of them
liaving spent a lifetiniA in his service, and
not a few liavinir received liberal pensions
on their superannuation.
Mr. Gott's health had lately somewhat
declined, but on the Sunday preceding hia
death he was well enough to attend Kitk-
stall church, on the occasion of the Bishop
of Kipon preaching for a charitable pur-
pose. That evening, however, be be-
came ill, and a spasmodic attack ensuing,
he sunk under its effects on the Friday
following. His funeral on the 2 let pre-
sented a scene which evinced a melan-
choly but gratifying evidence of the uni.
versal esteem in wnich his character was
held. The principal gentry attended,
amongst whom were the Messrs. C. and
W. Beckett, Dr. Hook, Vicar of Leeds,
J. Bluyds and Wm. Hey, esqrs. All tbe
manufactories at Armley suspended their
works; the shops were closed, and the
chapel of Armley was filled by a large and
respectable company, dressed in mourning.
One of the most affecting incidents was
the appearance of the 12 inmates of an
almshouse, endowed a few years ago by.
the munificence of the deceased.
We have only sketched a fiiint outline of
the qualities which adorned the life of this
estimable man. His understanding wm»
vigorous ; his mind, either in the study
of books or men, was ever acquiring fresh
stores of knowledge. His mansion at
Armley, and his collection of pictures and
books, testified his taste and pursuits. He
was well known to the most enlightened
of his day, and ranked amongst his friends
Rennie, Watt, and Chantrey. In domestic
life he sustained all its relations with un-
deviating kindness and integrity. Mr.
Gott has left two sons and six daughters,
all of whom, except one, have been mar
ried, but two arc now widows.
Sir W. C. Ellis, M.D.
Oct. 2L At Soutball Park, Afiddla-
sex, at an advanced age, Sir William
Charles Ellis, M.D. late Governor of the
Hanwell Lunatic Asylum.
He previously held a similar situation
at the Pauper Lunatic Asylum of the
West Riding of Yorkshire, situated near
Wakefield. His active energy, his warm
iK'nevolencc, and fervent piety, peculiarly
qualified him for the path he naa chosen ;
his sympathies were with those whose
disease aestrovs all that makes life valu-
able, which s'trikes at the attributes of
reason and the powers and privileges of
man ; he govenied the afHicted around bim
by love ; be soothed their sorrows by em-
ployment, and cheered their despair by
hoi>e. Long experience had taught him
that the sufferings of the insane are often
frightfully augtnented by undue coercion,
needless restraint, and tbe want of em-
ployment, and their malady is Increase^
rather than alleviated. Well he knew
that the aies of povertv and of sicknesa
can make themselves ncard, while the
324
Obituary, — Captain Alexandef' Gerardn
[Marchy
voice of the mentally diseased does not
reach the ear. Thus was he stimulated
to try gentleness, employment, liberty (as
far as was prudent), and social intercourse.
His perfect success induced him to la-
bour for the establishment of such a sys-
tem for the wealthy classes of the insane,
calling public attention to the subject by
his work on *^ Insanity," and taking every
opportunity of influencing in private those
who might assist in furthering his scheme.
Sir William Ellis was knighted by
King William the Fourth,' soon after his
appointment to the Han well Asylum,
which he resigned about two years ago.
Captain Alexander Gekard.
Dec, 15. At Aberdeen (his native
city), Captain Alexander Gerard, of the
East India Co.*s Military service, F. G. S.
The scientific labours and travels of
this gentleman, made in conjunction with
his brother, the late Dr. James Gilbert
Gerard, well entitle him to a record amongst
those who have been eminent in advancing
the interests of this country in her East-
ern possessions. During a period of above
20 years Captain Gerard was employed in
exploring, surveying, and mapping the
northern districts of India, having been
selected by the Bengal Government for
that purpose on account of his acknow-
ledged skill in those departments of pro-
fessional duty. Captain Gerard had the
advantage of scientific instruction at an
early period of his life, his father having
been one of the Professors of King's
College, at Old Aberdeen, and a weli-
knbwn and valuable author; indeed, he
appears to have inherited a taste for
knowledge and research, being grandson
of Dr. Alex. Gerard, also a Professor in
the same university, and author of an
' ' Essay on Taste " and other works,
which have been received as standard au-
thorities, both in this country and on the
continent. Captain Gerard went to India
at the early age of sixteen, and was not
long afterwards sent bv Sir David Och-
terlony to survey Malacca, which he
executed with great accuracy, mostly at
mid-day under a burning sun. He was
afterwards appointed to many of the
surveys which were deemed difficult and
important, which led to his residing many
years in the then almost unknown dis-
trict of Chinese Tartary, and amongst the
mountains of the Himala}ra. He tra-
versed these gigantic mountains in paths
before untrodden by Europeans, and
reached heights previously deemed quite
inaccessible. At one part he had ascend-
ed above 20,U00 feet, and by ways steeper
than it had been deemed possible to climb
for any distance together. In these ex-
cursions he endured, w m%j besuppoaedf
extreme vicissitudes of beati eol^ hun-
ger, and deprivations of every detcriptioa.
Some of his excursions were attended
by the most extraordinary difficulties end
disasters, and were made by the oMMt
frightful routes, but were interesting to
him, even in the greatness of the obstadei.
Sometimes he lost an attenduit, throo^
the rigour of the climate, as it was not
every constitution that could support the
accumulated torments of cold, fiatigne,
and sickness. By day they had to contend
against a buniiug sun, and at night against
a temperature occasionally below seio;
and it was not until his health had been
completely sacrificed, and a state of ex-
treme debility had rendered impossible the
continuance of his labouni, that he wm
persuaded to abandon them and return to
England.
Captain Gerard was well known in India
as a scientific traveller. While exploring
and surveying he made patient researches
into the customs and antiquities of the
tribes he fell in with, and into the geologf
and natural history of these sublime re-
gions. The mountains are inhabited at
extraordinary altitudes, and he found
cultivated fields and crops of com at
heights of from 14 to 16,000 feet above
the level of the sea ; and flocks of sheep
and tribes of Tartar shepherds, with their
dogs and horses, found their subsistence
at these enormous elevations. It appcan
that learning had flourished in Cnineee
Tartary to an extent of which we are hut
little aware. In the Thibetan famguage
was discovered an Encyclopedia of 44
volumes, which treated of the arts and
sciences. The medical part of this work
forms b volumes. Dr. Grersrd had fallen
in with a learned Hun^ian, named
Cosmo de Konas, who resided in Thibet,
and who had made great progress an
bringing to light much curious inform-
ation respecting that little-known people.
The art of lithography had been prsctised
in the city of Thibet from time imme-
morial, and it had been used, auKX^st
other purposes, for displsj^ng the anatomy
of different parts of the human bodjr. It
would appear that science and letters^
Hying from tyranny, abandoned the plains
of Hindostan and took refuge in the
mountains of Thibet, where until latdj
they have remained totally unknowx to
the rest of the world. Captain Qeiard ap.
pears not to have taken all the means ***^
might have been desired to place befera
the public the results of his accurate ob-
servations, though many occasional noCieea
and papers from his pen have appeared m
India, and some in this country. One
larger work has, boweveff just been pob*
1840.]
OfliTCAHY.— Afr. Robert Reeve.
325
lished, entitled "A narrative of a Journey
made by Sir William Lloyd; and Captain
Gerard's Account of an attempt to pene-
trate by Bukhur to Gorroo and the lake
Manasarouara." We understand Captain
Gerard has left a large quantity of manu-
script papers, from which some further
selections may probably be made for pub-
lication by his friend and companion, Mr.
George Lloyd, the editor of this publica-
tion.
Mr. Robert Reeve.
Jan. 8. At Lowestoft, Mr. Robert
Reeve.
He was the last surviving brother of
Lady Smith, of whose mind we have a
beautiful picture in the memoirs of her
husband, Sir Jas. Edw. Smith, founder
and president of the Linnaean Society, as
we have of her features in Miss Turner's
lithographic drawing, after one of the
happiest efforts of Opie's pencil. Their
father, of the same name as his son just
deceased., was, like him, a solicitor at
Lowestoft, where they both of them
resided. Of a singularly placid and kind
disposition, happy in the affection of his
family, and in the regard and confidence
of his townsmen and neighbours, Mr.
Reeve was a man who eminently employ-
ed the position naturally assigned to ta-
lents and property in promoting the com-
fort of those around him, guiding them
in their pursuits, assisting them at once
with his advice and his purse, and healing
any differences among them. The benefits
which it '\s in the nower of an individual,
and particularly a legal man so gifted and
so disposed, to bestow upon a small
country-town, can only be fully appre-
ciated by those who have had the good
fortune to live within the sphere of such
inHuence ; nor always, even by them : the
exi.>iteiicc of a genial soil to receive the
seed in no less essential than that of an
able and liberal sower. In this respect,
however, Mr. Reeve had no cause for
complaint. Lowestoft is a town which
has always enjoyed a degree of import-
ance more than commensurate to what
would naturally be expected from its size,
as taking, conjointly with Yarmouth, the
lead in one of the most important branches
of the fisheries of the kingdom. It was
at the time referred to, about 60 years
ago, remarkable as one of the few places
in England in which the porcelain-manu-
facture had been established and conducted
with spirit ; and what is most to the pre-
sent purpose, it was in the number of
those where the then infant doctrines of
Methodism took the earliest and the
deepest root. Both John Wesley and
Adam Clarke bad resided there, and nu
less by their moral example than by their
strong energies of mind and by the strict*
ness of the discipline they taught and
practised, had produced an effect that baa
to the present oay continued moat honour-
able to the character of its population,
and particularly of its merchants. Among
such men, therefore, Mr. Reeve found
willing coadjutors, where he would, in
but too many instances, have met with
vexatious opposition. He also enjoyed
the privilege of living in habits of inti-
macy with Mr. Potter, the translator of
^schylus, then Vicar of the town ; Mr.
Anguish of Somerleyton, brother to the
Duchess of Leeds and heir to Sir Thomas
Allen and the Jeminghams : Mrs.Leathes
of Herringfleet Hall, subsequently wife
to Mr. Merry, ambassador to Sweden, a
Udy who for beauty and talents bad few
superiors ; and the Rev. Norton Nicholls
of Blundeston, the intimate friend of
Gra}r and Mathias. In early life he had
married the daughter of Mr. Clarke, a
solicitor at Saxmundham, with whom he
served his clerkship, and who was de-
scended from a family of some note in
Suffolk, formeriy the proprietors of
Cbediston hall, one of its most respect*
able residences.
The more immediate subject of the
present brief memoir, brought up under
his father's roof, and treading carefully in
his steps, sought, like him, his happiness
in his own fireside, but never addM to it
the greatest of ornaments and comforts, a
wife. To the active pursuits of business
he joined those of a more refined descrip*
tion, which, at the same time that they
confer grace and polish on life, are bat
too apt to lead into what Horace beauti-
fully denominates the ^' fallentia semita
vitc," and thus, while they fiudnate their
votary, to confide him within a more
contracted sphere of usefulness. Jn the
beauties of the works of nature he felt
the keenest delight : they were his every*
day pleasures, and pleasures that never
failed him, not even m the long and pain-
ful illness which terminated his existence.
In the productions of art he had almost
equal gratification, and, without beinr a
Icsuned man, in elegant literature. But
his attention was principally directed to
the study of numismatics and antiquity,
in both of which his knowledge was ex-
tensive. Of coins and medals he has left
a cabinet, which, for the number and
beauty of its specimens, may be ranked
among the best in the kingdom. His an-
tiquarian collection lies in the department
of topogranhy, and is more especially the
object of the present notice of him. It
is not only expedient that the existence of
such collections should be put upon re«
326
Obituary. — Clergy Deceased.
[Modi,
cordy but that a clue should be afforded to
the places where they are deposited. This,
which is in all cases desirable, is particu-
larly so in districts that have not at
present been fortunate enough to meet
with an historian, and it is in none more
so than in Suffolk, where the specimen
afforded by Mr. Rokewode of what may
be hoped from his pen must satisfy every
one that encouragement to that gentleman
is alone wanting to render the county
more satisfactorily illustrated than any
other in England. Mr. Reeve had chiefly
bestowed his care upon the town of
Lowestoft and the adjoining hundreds
of Mutford and Lothingland. For the
history of the latter he has left materials,
transcribed by himself with much care and
neatness, not less than would suffice to
form eight good-sized quarto volumes.*
These are accompanied, by way of illus-
tration, with a mrge quantity of ancient
deeds, and with drawings of all the
churches in the county, as well as of its
public seals, and with three portfolios of
engravings of its more remarkable inha-
bitants. In what concerns his native town
he was still more rich. His library con-
tains, among much other matter, Gilling-
water's own copy of its History, with the
addition of three similar volumes filled
with maps, engravings, original drawings
and MSS., the former collected by the
author, the latter in his own handwriting.
Both the Oillingwaters — for the historian
had a brother no less remarkable than
himself for his zeal in the pursuits of anti-
quarian lore — resided at Lowestoft, and
never rose, or aspired to rise, beyond the
humble occupation of country-barbers, till
Edmund removed to Harleston, and added
to his stock of combs and razors and wigs
and blocks a small number of books for
sale. Here too he published his History
and here he died ; not, however, unno-
ticed or unregarded, for some of the
neighbouring gentlemen urged him to quit
his trades both of hairdresser and book-
seller, and to study for the church, offer-
ing to defray the necessary expenses. But
the excellent simple-hearted man could
never be brought to listen to the proposal.
It were a disgrace, he said, to religion
that one so educated and so trained sliouid
))resunie to enter upon the siicred office.
The anecdote, derived fiom a ]»cr.sonal
friend of the subject of it, is surely worth
preserving : it may not have the effect of
operating as an example or a stimulus to
many, bat it it creditable to tfc« iMl.
vidual ; and to record what ~
to human nature can never be
of ''a man and a fellow."
♦ We find Mr. Reeve a correspondent
of our ^lagazine, under the signature of
Juvenis Suffolcicnsis, in 180(); vol.
LXXVL i. 17.-£rf*V.
CLERGY DECEASED
Oct, 24. At Cairo, the Her. /uqa
Clay^ of Stapenhill, Burtoii-iipoa*Ticiit«
Staffordshire, son-in-law of General Baa«
ham, of Great Warley Place, Eaaex.
Dee. 5. Aged 31. the Rev. Jokm
Nurse, B.A. Curate ot Bridgtown, Bu-
badoes.
Dec. 8. At Darton, near Bamdcyi
aged 32, the Rev. ^Hfired SadUr^ B.A.
late of King's college, Cambrii^. Hit
elder brother, Mr. Benjamin SadleTi of
the firm uf Sadler, Fenton, aad Co.
Manchester and Belfast, died at Biltaa.
near York, three days before lum, ageo
27.
Dec. 13. At Trowbridge, aged 81,
the Rev. J. Avofu, for many Teen Mas-
ter of the Free Grammar School at
Calne.
Dec. 17. At Shireoaks, near Wock-
sop, Notts, in his 67th year, the Rev.
George Savile, Rector of HoweU, Lin-
colnshire, Perpetual Curate of Shireoaks.
He was instituted to Shireoaks (in the
patronage of the Duke of Norfolk) in
1809 ; and to Howell in 1828.
Dec. 21. At Onngton, Eaaex, aged
57, the Rev. Charle$ FUJUr, Rector of
Ovington with Tilbury. He was of
Caius coll. Camb. B.A. 1806, M.A.
181 1, and was presented to hia living in
1809 by John Fisher, esq.
Dec. 24. At Mansfield, at a verv ad-
vanced age, the Rev. Robert Wood^ D.D.
for more than thirty years Chaplain of the
County Gaol, and for more than foc^
years, first Usher, and afterwarda Head
Master of the Nottingham Free Ghan-
niar School. He was a relation of the
late Very Rev. James Wood, D.D.
Dean of Ely, and Master of St. John's
College, Cambridge, who died in April
last. lie has left a widow and two chil-
dren, and a brother and sister* to lament
his loss.
Dec. 25. Aged 35, the Rev. G. l^m
Warjier, Vicar of St. Mary Bredln, Can-
terbury, late of St. John's college^ Cam-
bridge.
Dec. -26. In his 7jth year, the
M. Dunn, for upwards of tiiirtj
Curate of Cheadle, ('heshire.
Dec. 27. The Re?. /. NiekUtom,
M.A. Vicar of Great Paxton, Hunts,
to which chiu'ch he was presented bj the
Dean and Chapter of Lino^» in Isft,
At Peterborough, aged 24, the Bmw,
JnUiam Day Yfmek.
1840.]
Obituary.— C/tffpy Deceased.
327
Dec. 28. The Rev. John Hutehins,
M.A. for 43 years Rector of the united
parishes of St. Anne and St. Agnes,
with St. John Zacbary, Aldersgate,
London. In 1802-3, he was Chaplain to
the late Sir C. Price, Bart, when Lord
iNlayor, and printed the usual Ci?ic
Sermons.
Dec. 29. Aged 87, the Rev. Robert
JVilkinson, B.l). for nearly fifty years
Vicar of Darton, for fifty. six years Per-
petual Curate of Ligbtcliffe, and Head
Master of Queen Elizabeth's school at
Heath, near Halifax ; from which be bad
sent many eminent scholars to both Uni-
versities. He was formerly of Trinity
hall, Camb. B.D, 1790.
Dec. 30. At Caldbeck, Cumberland,
aged 51, the Rev. William Pattinton^ for
nineteen years Curate of that parish.
Lately. At Heighington, aged 97, the
Rev. Robert Blacktin, long Curate of
that pariib, and master of the Grammar
school. He was a native of Westmor-
lund.
At his residence, Fort Elizabeth, near
( Toom, the Rev. John Croker, one of
the Minor Canons of the cathedral of
Limerick, and Vicar of Clonelty and
Cloncagh.
The Rev. J, Jonet, Vicar of Kilmaca-
ber, Cork.
At a very advanced age, the Rev. John
Peddle, Vicar of Charlton Horethorne,
Somersetshire. He was of St. Mary
hall, Oxford, B.C.L. 1778, and was pre-
sented to his living in 1784. It is in the
gift of the Marquess of Anglesey.
Aged 63, the Rev. Edward Swatmant
Rector ot Little Fransbam, Norfolk. He
WHS of Trinity college, Cambridge, B.A.
1798, as 12tb Wrangler, M.A. 1801; and
was instituted to his living, which was in
his own patronage, in 1803L
In London, aged 82, the Rev. W.
VoHans, for fifty years Rector of Hems-
worth near Wakefield, and formerly
Rector of Skirbeck near Boston. He
was of Sidney Sussex college, Cambridge,
B.A. 17h9, M.A. 1793. The living of
llemswortb (net value in 1831, lO&W.)
is in the presentation of W. B. Wright-
ion, esq.
Jan. -'. Aged 71, the Rev. R. Btrke^
leyy of Cothcridge Court, Worcestershire.
He is succeeded in his estates by the Rev.
J . R. Berkeley, Vicar of Much Cowarne,
near Hereford.
Jan. 3. Aged 64, the Rev. W. B.
UirdUttone, Rector of Kelling with Salt-
hoube, Norfolk, a family living, to which
he was instituted in 1821.
At Bath, in bis 63d year, the Rev.
William Warner, Rector of Widford,
Essex. He wu the ion of John Wtfatr,
esq. of Rotberbitbe ; was educated at
Merchant- Taylors* school ; but, being su-
fierannuated, he entered St. John's Col-
ege, Oxford, as a commoner in 1795;
and graduated B.A. 1799, M.A. 1803.
He was instituted to Widford in 1814»
on his own petition.
Jan* 5. Aged 74, the Rev. John
Hodgkinf Vicar of North Molton, Devon,
to which he was presented in 1820 by the
Earl of Morlev.
Jan. 9. At Torquay, aged 39^ the Rev.
William Marriott Caldecott, of Oriel
college, Oxford ; which he entered m a
commoner in 1820, and proceeded B.A.
1825, M.A: 1826.
At his seat, Christ Church Park, Ips-
>vicb, in the 76th year of his age, the
Rev. CharteM William Fonnereeu, LL.B.
Minister of St. Margaret's in that town,
and Vicar of Tuddenham St. Mar-
tin. In early life he served for several
years in the royal navy, and he was one
of the few of those now surviving who
were present in Rodney's celebratal ac-
tion of the 12th April, 1782; being act-
ing Lieutenant of the Conqueror, which
led into action on that day. Mr. Fonne-
reau aftenvards quitted the navy, and was
a member of Trinity hall, Cambridge ;
where, in 1795, he took the degree of
Bachelor of Laws and entered into holy
orders. He was for tome years Rector
of Hargrove in Northamptonshire ; wbieh
preferment he vacated on going to rMiie
in Suffolk, where be accepted, in 1796,
the family livings of Toddcnbam and St.
Margaret's, Ipswich. He married fai
1793 Deborah, the daughter of Tbomis
Neale, M.D. of Ipswici, and baa left «
son, who succeeds to the family seat of
Christ Church, and a daughter, the wife
of Charles Lillingston, esq. formorly of
Elmdom Hall, Warwickshire, but tiow of
the Chantry, near Ipswicb.
Jan, 14. At Dumfrica, in hie 80th
year, the Hon. and Right Rev. Dr. Akk^
ander M^Donell, Bishop of KingitOtt,
Upper Canada.
Jan. 15. At Ashbumbatt, 8uii«i,
aged 61, the Rev. Edward Wamifbrd,
Vicar of that parish, to which be wia
presented by the Earl of Asbbumbaa in
18:«. He has left eleven cbildiai, •f
whom only one is provided for.
Jan. 18. At Clifton, aged 32, the Rev.
Robert Fortayth, Curate of St. Wtr.
burgh's, Bristol, and Chaplain to tke
Mayor of that city, son of Thomas For.
sayth, esq. Uite of Clifton.
Jan. 19. At New Park, oo. MmOk,
the Rev. John Digby.
Aged 79, the Rev. J. P, Minitia, §m
52 years Minister of the French PiOlet.
tant Church at Ctnttrbiiry.
««.^m
c •uim Jrao.
Z. T«C=UXIS. -5
JOCZlSBS.
jr.
C aST *l
^gtuuii sBmrrrc '♦itt £
T'^CSi T.:St iisttr -ill'.l'Ja.
lli-TCMrJII -
-•• r— !
JJ
rss. -«*:. ;tst .: ^«.m:i'T.j;jc-.
JisiU.
.. ^^rP» HSU. -isCV*
il«--. Zr,
.-«. Jl. A: :
221. jffn ^ «
1840.]
Obituaey.
329
and brother to the late Benj, Rouse, esq.
of the same office.
At North End, Fulham, Sarah, widow
of Major R. M. Bagsbaw, Bengal Serv.
At Portland-place, aged 19, Elizabeth.
Arbiithnot, eldest daughter of D. C.
Guthrie, esq.
Feb. li>. At Bartrams, Hampstead,
aged 68, William Winfield, esq.
At Brixton, aged 81, Mrs. Greeti,late
of Old Bond -St. relict of the Rev, Wm.
Green.
In St. James's Palace, Laura Maria,
second dau. of Major- Gen. Sir H. Wheat-
ley, G.C.H.
In Montagu-st. Russell-sq. aged 61,
John Oldham, esq. of the Bank of Eng-
land.
At Clapham, aged 82, Capt. Hooper,
late of E. I. C. Service.
Feb. 15. At Camberwell, aged 68,
Beryamin Penny, esq. formerly of Wat-
ling-st.
At Dorset-place, Dorset-sq. aged 55,
James Tilby, esq.
Feb. 16. Aged 70, Thomas Danson,
esq. of Gcorge-8t. Euston. square.
Feb. 17. At Bayswater, aged 68, Ann,
widow of S. Sweatman, esa.
Elizabeth, wife of John Holland, esq.
of (Jlapham Common.
Bkds. — Jan, 22. Susannah, wife of
Thomas Smith,e8q. of Great Bramingham.
Feb. 16. Aged 19, Joanna- Harriet-
Maria, eldest dau. of N. Fitzpatrick, esq.
M.l). of the Lodge, near Bedford.
lihRkA.—Jan. 28. At Windsor, aged
26, Sarah-Jane, eldest dau. of the late
Thomas Sbnrpe, esq.
Feb. 10. At Speen, aged 60, Richard
Townsend, esq. a magistrate of the
county.
('HKsiiiHL.— ^an. 21. Aged 71. Jos.
Leigh, cRq. of Belmont, the father of the
Hev. John Leigh, Rector of Egginton,
Derb.
Ci'MiERi.A.vD. — Feb, 3. At Papcattle,
aged 93, Joseph Birbeck, esq. He com-
menced business at a hat manufacturer
with very limited means, and died worth
upwards of 100,000/.
Feh. II. At Wilton, aged 65, John
Lif{htfoot. esq. solicitor.
Devon. — Jan, 3. At Stonehouse,
Alexander ('opiand Hutchinson, M.D.
and F.R.S. formerly Surgeon of Deal
linspital and Sbeemess Dockyard.
At Buckish, at the bouse of his
brother W. C. Loggin, e«»q. Edward,
•kh son of the late Rer, W. I..oggin,
Rector of Woolfiirdisworthy, Devon.
Jan. i. At Plymouth, Letitia, wife
of Thomas Brittow, eaq. latt of Foolc.
iirsT. Mao. Vol. XIH.
Jan. 23. At Dawlish, aged 55, Fnuicei*
relict of Ralph Creyke, esq. of Rawcliffe
hall and Marton, Yorkshire.
Jan. 28. At Exmouth, Harriet, widow
of Major Wilkinson, E. I, C. Service,
eldest dau. of Lieut-Col. Frome, of the
5th Dragoons.
F^b. 7. At the residence of her son
the Rev. S. Manley, M.A., Crediton,
aged 71, Elizabeth, widow of Capt.
Manly R.N.
Feb, 11. At Exeter, aged 76, John
Pidsley, esq.
Dorset. — Jan, 2. At Longfleet, near
Poole, aged 57, Comm. Bartholomew
Bonifant, R.N. (1818). He was a na-
tive of Corsica, and a schoolfellow of Na.
poleon Buonaparte. He obtained the
rank of Lieutenant in the British nav^
1809 ; saw much service, and wai
highly esteemed as an excellent officer.
His remains were interred the fol-
lowing Tuesday, with naval honours,
in the churchyard at Longfleet. The
coffin was covered with an Union
Jack, for a pall, on which was lying a
silver hilted sword, crossed by its sheath,
which was of silver, and which had been
presented to Capt. B. by the Dey of
Algiers, on the capture of that place by
Lord Exmouth.
Jan. II. At Sbaftesbur?, Maria,
formerly the widow of T. B. Rawet,
esq. and late of Lieut. T. W. NicoUi.
Feb. 5. At Longfleet, Pool, a^ed
44, Amy, wife of Christopher Spurrier,
esq. daughter of the late Geo. Gfarland,
esq. and sister of the late B. L. Letter,
esq. names long associated with the
borough of Poole.
DcTRHAM. — Jan. 31 . At Sunderland,
uged 25, Agnes-Caroline, the wife of R^
S'nald Orton, esq. second dau. of Orton
radley, esq. of Kirkby Stephen.
Feb. 12. At the Spa Hotel, Durbem,
the Right Hon. Maria Counteat of
Leitrim. She was the eldest dao. and
cob. of the fate Wm. Bermingban, eeq.^
was married to the present Earl of
Leitrim in 1804, and has left issue Vifl-
eottnt Clements, M.P., three other ions^
•ml three daughters.
Essex.— /an. 31. At Harwich, aged
0Dv Philip Hast, esq. formerly one of the
capital burgesses of the old corporation.
GLoifcESTBR. — Oct, 23. At Bredon
bouse, near Tewkesbury, aged 62, Lieut-
Col. Fowle.
Jan. 3. At Clifton, Jane, wife of
Charies Wbvte, esq. Surgeon to the
Forces, and third dau. of the late John
Luscombe Luscombe, esq. of Combe
Royal, Devon.
Jan. 14. At Cainscroas, aged 93,
« U
330
Obituary.
[Maidi.
Elizabeth, relict of Edw, Mason, esq of
Enfield, Middlesex.
Jan. 18. At Clifton, William Rogers
Lawrence, esq. late of Bath, and formerly
of Andford.
At Westbury-upon-Trim, aged 79,
Mary Ann, relict of Sam. Bowden, esq.
Jan. 25. At Bristol, aged 86, Hum-
phrey Jeffreys, esq.
At Ham Green, aged 85, Richard
Bright, esq. merchant and banker, a highly
honourable and excellent man.
Jan. 28. At Clifton, Lieut.-Col.
Wm. Brewster Kersteman, late of 10th
Foot. He was appointed Ensign 46th
foot, 1800; Lieut. 1H02; removed to 67th
foot, 1803; Capt. 10th foot, 1805; brevet
Major, 1814; Lieut.-Col. 1837.
Feb, 2. At Cheltenham, aged 73,
Nugent Kirkland, esq.
Feb. 5. At Henbury-hill, Elizabeth,
wife of James N. Franklyn, esq. Mayor
of Bristol.
At Stapleton, aged 55, Joshua Fother-
gill, esq. Lieut, late R. V. Battalion.
Feb. 6. At Clifton, aged 85, greatly
respected, Nicholas Hurst, esq. formerly
of Hinckley, Leicestershire, and for many
years in the Commission of the peace for
that county.
Feb. 12. At Kingsdown, Sarah, relict
of the Rev. Basil Woodd, Rector of
Thorpe Bassett, Yorkshire, and formerly
of Bnstol.
At Tormarton, Eliza Anne, wife of
the Rev. Horatio Neilson, dau. of the late
Henry Bum, esq. of London.
HANT8.--/an. 16. Aged 45, Wil-
liam L. Easton, esq. late of Erme House,
Ivybridge, solicitor, eldest son of Wil-
liam Easton, esq. of Hoe Place House,
Plymouth.
Jan. 22. In her 75th year, the widow
of David Graham, esq. banker, of Basing,
stoke.
Jan. 26. At Shirley, near South-
ampton, aged 06^ Mrs. Atkins, relict of
James Atkins, esq. of Bishop's Stoke.
Feb. 6. At Petersfield, aged 82, H.
Atkinson, esq.
Feb. 8. At Fairingdon rectory, Frances
Mary, third daughter of the Rev. John
Benn.
Feb. 9. At Bishopstoke, aged 74,
Henry Twynam, esq.
Feb. II. At Kempshott Park, aged
18, George Allen, second son of E. W.
Blunt, esq.
Feb. 16. At Fir-grove, Eversley,
Dame Elizabeth Dorothea Cope, wife of
Henry Rush, esq. and relict of SirDenzil
Cope, Bart, of Bramshill.
Hkrkford.— /an. 30. At the house
of her brother, at Colwall, aged 63, Pene-
lope, eldest daughter of the late James
Martin, esq. of Overbury, fonnetlT M.P.
for Tewkesbury, and aunt to J. Afartin,
esq. one of the present repivtentatifet of
that borough.
Jan. 26. At Ballingham, i^ged 82,
Mary, wife of John Kempson, esq., kte
of Homsey.
Herts.^/oii. 26. Fanny, relict of Ed-
ward Waller, esq. of Burforaa, Hoddodon.
Kent.— iVbv. 18. AtEastry.agedST,
Charlotte, wife of William FuUor BoteWr,
of Eastry, and of Lincoln's Inn and Goirer
Street, esq. Q. C. ; daughter of the late
James Leigh Joynes, of Graveaend, esq.
and sister of Dr. Joynes, Rectorof Onifet-
end. Also May 1, 1839, in Gower tt.
aged 19, Anne, younffest daughter of ^
above William Fuller and Charloritte
Boteler.
Jan. 16. At Westerham, aged 64,
Anne, relict of William hovedmj, esq. of
Huntingdon.
Jan. 22. At Dover, aged 76» John
Shipdem, esq. He was for about thirty
years Town-derk of that boroogfa ; was
afterwards a magistrate, and was the bst
Mayor of Dover under the old corpoim-
tion.
Jan. 23. At Dover, aged 74, BAis.
Elizabeth Fry, eldest daughter of Robeit
Fry, esq. late of Chancery-lane.
Jan. 27. At Rochester, aged 76,
Qeorge Ely, esq.
William Adams, son of F. H. Biaii-
dram, esq. of Cowden.
Jan. 29. At Rochester, aged TB,
Archibald C. Windever, esq. dTp.O.M.
of Freemasons for Kent.
Feb. 2. At Dartford, aged 75, Ridiaid
Cooke, esq.
LANCASTEa.— Jon. 14. At Cnlebetb
Hall, near Warrington, aged 33^ ThooiM
EUames Withington, esq. juatice of tk
peace for the county.
Jan. 18. At Preston, aged 7S,
Thomas Miller, esq. a magistrate for thi
county.
Jan. 27. At Belle Vue, near Lan-
caster, aged 64, Chas. Jones, eaq. fomertf
a Captain of Dragoons, and latteilj a
Lieutenant in the Serond LaocuoiR
Militia.
Jan. 28. Anne, wife of the Her.
Richard Loxham, Rector of HalsaU.
Feb. 6. At Preston, aged 07, Mrs.
Mary Fletcher, sister of the late lie«t.-
Gen. Fletcher, of that town.
At Burnley, aged 4a Misa Ellca
Greenwood, daughter of the late Henry
Greenwood, esq. and sister of the late
John and William Greenwood, oaqn.
justices of the peace for that countrrjBjf
her sudden death, the poor have Jott a
generous bene&ctress, and the Choidi «!
England a consistent "^"itlnni dinhm
J 8400
Obituary.
331
Feb, 10. At Liverpool, Matilda Sarah,
wife of B. Williams, esq. of Iver, Bucks.
Lek ESTER. — /an. 15. At Overseal,
aged 86, Thomas Thorp, esq. He was
founder, and during forty-eight years
senior partner, in the Loughborough Bank.
Jan. 19. Aged Gl, Ann, wife of R. B.
Heygate, esq. of Market Uarborough.
Lincoln. — Feb, 6. At Grimsby, aged
60, Sarah, wife of H. S. Wilson, esq.
Comm. R. N.
Feb. 7. John Chapman, esq. of Louth.
Middlesex.— /an. 26. At Hampton
Court, in the house of her brother, Wm.
S. Poyntz, esq. Charlotte- Louisa, widow
of the Hon. and Rev. George Bridgeman,
rector of Wigan. She was the second
daughter of the late Wm. Poyntz, esq. of
Midgham House, Berks; and sister to
Lady John Townshend, the Countess of
Cork and Orrery, and to the Hon. Lady
Courfenay Boyle. On the marriage of
bis late Majesty, George the IV. then
Prince of Wales, Mrs. Bridgeman (then
Miss Poyntz.) was for a short time at-
tached to the household of the Princess
of Wales. She became in 1809 the second
wife of the Hon. and Rev. George
Bridgeman, 3rd son of the first Lord
Bradford (and widower of Lucy, daughter
of Edmund 7th Earl of Cork,) with
whom she resided at Weston under Lizard
ill Staffordshire and at Wigan, highly be-
loved by the parishioners of these places,
where her benevolence and kind attention
to her poorer neighbours will be long re-
membered. She was left a widow in
1 Kit, Mrs. Bridgeman was a lady pos-
hcsying the kindliest affections, and exer-
cising a most unostentatious but genuine
piety.
Feb. 1. At Enfield, aged 04, William
Burgess, esq.
Feb. 12. Aged 47, Mary Ann, wife
oi William Craib, esq. of Hampton Court.
Feb. 1.3. At Hampton Court Palace,
aged 77, Mrs. Ann Seeker.
Monmouth. — Feb. 2. Aged 42, Eliza,
wife of James Dowle, esq. Chepstow.
NoRKoLK.— F<p4. 8. At North Wal-
sham, aged 69. Mary, widow of Lieut.
C'Ol. Stransbam, R. M.
Northampton. — Jan, 28. At North-
ampton, Edmund Thornton, only sur-
viving child of the Rev. E. T. Prust,
and grandson of Stephen Prust, esq, of
Bristol.
Lately. At Kingsthorpe, aged 80, Re*
becca, relict of the Rev. G. Beet, of
Harpole.
Feb, II. At Clipston, aged 77, Wil-
liam Wartnaby, esq.
Feb. 16. In her 70th year, Mary Lucy,
wife of the Rev. Egerton Stafford, Viotf
oi Chaconbf.
Feb, 18. At Litchborough, aged 60,
William Grunt, esq. of Berkeley-st.
Northumberland. — At Morpeth,
aged 74s the \vife of the Rev. J. Cook,
of Newton Hall.
Feb, 8. At Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
aged 71, John Hall, esq.
Oxford. — Jan, 18. Aged 75, Mar-
garet, wife of Richard Green, esq. of
Headington-hill, near Oxford, brother of
the late Rev. W. West Green, D.D.
Rector of Husband's Bosworth, co.
Leic.
Feb, 6. Accidentally drowned in a
small skiff, at Sandford, about three miles
from Oxford, aged 21, John Richardson
Currer, esq. a Commoner of Balliol Col-
lege. His remains were interred in the
church-yard of St. Mary Magdalen : the
Master, Fellows, and every other mem-
ber of Balliol, were at the head of the
melancholy procession : the father and
brother of the deceased followed the
corpse to the grave.
Feb, 7. At Holmwood, Charles Henry
Stonor, esq. brother of Lord Camoys.
He was watching the fall of a large beech
in his park at Holmwood, when, from the
saturated state of the ground, it suddenly
fell on, and so seriously injured him, that
he survived the accident but a few hours.
Feb, 13. The beloved wife of the
Rev. Edward Milnes, Vicar of Wat-
lington.
Somerset.— .^n^. 12, 1839. At Bath,
aged 80, Lieut. Gen. Sir Thomas Dallas,
of the E. L C. Service.
Jan, 10. At Shepton Mallett, aged
42, Sarah-Jane, eldest dau. of the late
Edmond Estcourt GkUe, esq. of Ashwick,
Somerset, and Milborne, Wilts.
Jan, 19. Aged 100, Miss NicboUs,
late of Wells, aunt of William Pulsford,
esq. solicitor, of Bath, and of Mr. John
Dawbin, of Stawell, near Bridgwater, at
whose residence she expired.
Jan, 22. Aged 80, Mrs. Penny, for-
merly of Bath.
Jan, 23. Aged 83, Mrs. MichelU of
Huish Episcopi, Somerset, relict of the
Rev. Dr. Michell, Preb. of Gloucester
and Wells.
Jan, 26. At Bath, in his 17th vear,
William Lyster Willis, eldest son of the
Rev. W. Downes Willis, M. A. Lecturer
of Walcot, and Minister of all Saints,
Bath.
Jan. 28. At Bath, aged 58, Fleming
John Brisco, esq. son of the late Sir
John Brisco, Bart, of Crofton Park,
Cumberland.
F^b, 6. At Springfield-place, Bris.
lington, deeply regretted, Easter, the be-
loved wife of Capt. GrUBtbt, Hon. E. I. C.
Service,
332
OniTUART.
[Mtfch,
Feb, 10. At Bath, Miss Shuttleworth,
only sister of the Rev. the Warden of
New College, Oxford.
Feb, 12. At Bath, aged 84, John
Benett, esq. formerly of Maidford, Wilts.
Stafford. — Feb. 4. At West Brom-
wich, aged 47, John Bagnall, esq. coal
and iron master.
Suffolk.— Jan. 11. At Buiy St. Ed-
mund's, aged 71, Sarah, wife of the Rev.
J. B. Sams, Rector of Honington, eldest
dau. of the late Andrew Hewitt, M.D.
of Holt, Norfolk, and formerly of
Oundle.
Lately, At Bury St. Edmund's, aged
81, Mrs. Anne Bromfield.
Feb, 14. At Tostock Place, near
Bury, Emma, wife of the Rev. Natlil.
Colvile, youngest dau. of the late C. B.
Metcalfe, esq. of West Ham, Essex, and
Hawsted, Suffolk.
Surrey. — Jan. 22. At Croydon, aged
76, Mary, relict of William Griffith, esq.
Lately. At Beers, near Reigate, aged
75, Isaac Clutton, esq.
Feb. 6. At Mortlake, aged 77, Mary,
relict of the Rev. Samuel Williamson,
late of Congleton.
Feb. II. At Ember-grove, Ditton,
aged 55, Ann, wife of John Easthope,
esq. M.P.
Sussex. — Jan. 29. At Brighton, age-
83, Mrs. Darby, relict of Z. F. Darby,
esq. Inte of Woburn-place, and Hamp-
stead.heath; and formerlv a partner in
the firm of Walkden and Darby, of Shoe
Lane.
Lately. At Brighton, Mr. Chas. Wm.
Lyon, of St. Jobn*s College, Cambridge.
Feb. 1. At Hastings, aged IG, Salva-
dora Hannah, fifth and only surviving
dau. of the Rev. Dr. Birch, Archdeacon
of Lewes.
At Hastings, aged 31, Richard Favell,
esq. lute of Lincoln's-inn.
Feb. 11. At Hustings, aged 21, Julia
Georgiana Louisa, eldest dau. of the Rev.
Robert Heath, of Clapton, and niece to
Lord Byron.
Feb. \2. At Walberton, Mrs. Eliza-
beth Neale, relict of Francis Neale, esq.
Siddlesham.
Feb. 14. At Brighton, aged 68, John
WooUey of Beckenham Lodge, Kent,
esq. a Justice of the Peace for tSurrey.
At Chichester, aged 59, Fred. Vigne,
esq.
Feb. 16. At Brighton, aged 54, Sarah
Anne, relict of W. Holloway, esq. of
Cowcs.
Feb. 17. At Hastings, in the 19th
year of her age, Frances Uisula, eldest
dau. of the Hon. and Verv Rev. George
Pellew. D.D. of Corpus Christi College,
Dean of Norwich.
Warwick.— /M. 96. At Solili^
aged 24, George Hensey Btte* tftet mm
of the late J. H. Bate, esq. of Wot
Bromwich.
Jan, 29. At Aylesbury Home, in Wr
75th year, Helena Ferreri, wktow oC Ei*
ward Ferrers, esq. (who died in 1795)
and mother of the late Edward Fciien»
esq. of Baddesley Clinton.
Jan, 30. At Arden Home, ^td 59,
Thomas James Philip Bunnan, esq.
Feb. 8. In Leamington, aged 31,
Jane, wife of Robert Bent, esq. of Wb-
claton Cottage, near Newcastle-on-Tpe.
Feb, 13. At Small Heatii, ^ed 6%
Richard Harbome, esq. forroeilj of %-
mingham.
Feb, 16. At Leamington, afeed 40,
William Haropson Morrison, eeq. Qnecn*t
Clerk and Clerk of Papers of Her Ma-
jesty's Mint.
Westmorland. — Feb. 5. At Aeorn
Bank, near Templesowetiiy, -aged 37,
John Boazman,e8q.
Wilts.— /«». 17. Louise, wife of
John Houghton, esq. of Boreham.
Jan. 25. At Netherhampton, aged 89p
Mrs. Philippa Grove, sister of Tbonai
Grove, esq. of Fern.
Jan, 28. Aged 65^ Benjamin Coffia
Thomas, esq. F. S. A. solicitor, of
Malmesbury. He was transacting bosi-
ness at a bank in that town when be fell,
and immediately expired.
At Heytesbury, aged 81, the Hon. FVa-
derick Ashe A' Court, youngest son of
Lord and Lady Heytesbury.
Lately. At Devizes, at an adveaeed
age, John Fowler, esq. surgeon.
Feb. 6. Aged 82, Sarah, rdict d
Richard Hallilay, esq. of WedhamptOB.
Worcester. — Jan. 25. At Worcester.
in her 87th year, Cecilia Maria, relict ol
John Macdonald Kinneir, esq. of Kin-
neir and Sanda, N. B. s[nd mother of
Archdeacon and C^iptain Macdonald.
York.— /on. 26. At Hull, md ii^
Sarah, second dau. of the late William
Swainson, esq. of Halifax.
Jan. 29. At Hull, aged 31, Mr. John
Greenwood, engraver.
Feb. 2. At Beverley, aged 77, WaitOB
Pennyman Berry, esq.
Feb. 1 1. Ac Bamsley, aged 8B, Joecpli
Beckett, esq. one of her Mvesty^ Deputy
Lieutenants for the West Kidhig, unck
to Sir John Beckett, Bart, and to thi
Messrs. Beckett, of Leeds, bsnkcrs.
Also on the 13th, aged 79, Mary, his wife,
dau. of John Stuniforth, esq. of Hull.
Feb, 15, At Harewood House, ^cd
70, the Right Hon. Henrietta Covntesi
of Harewood. She was the eldest iku
of the late Sir John Sanndera SchrUc
Bart and was married to the £«1 ei
1840.]
Obituary.
333
Harewood in 1794. She bad issue b very
numerous family, of whom the eldest son,
Viscount Lascelles, is lately deceased at
Munich.
Aged \05 years and seven months,
Mrs. Hannah Hodgson, of Herod Well,
near Halifax ; she retained the use of her
faculties to the last.
Scotland. — Jan, 26. At Locherbie
House, aged 65, the Right Hon. Lady
Catharine Heron Douglas, youngest dau.
of Sir William Douglas, of Kelhead,
Bart, and sister to the Marquess of
Queensberry. She was raised to the rank
ot the daughter of a Marquess in May
J 837.
Lately. At Edinburgh, Catharine, se-
cond dau. of the late Rev. Sir Henry M.
Wellwood, Bart.
lacLAND. — Jan, 2. At Dublin, Mary
relict of the Rev. James John Moore,
mother of Mr. H. M. Moore, B.A. of
Liverpool.
Jan. 24. Were interred at Doone, co.
Limerick, John Nolan, aged 114 years,
and his wife, aged 1U5. This centena-
rian couple died on the same day, and
were buried in one grave.
Ijotely. At Berehaven, Dr. P. Shar-
key, senior physician to the Cork General
Dispensary. In his collegiate career, dis-
tingui.shed among the tirst, if not the first
(Jreek scholar of his day, he obtained the
prize fur a Creek poem, on a subject pro-
postd to the Irish as well as the British
Universities, by the Rev. Claudius Bu-
chanan, on the occasion of founding a
college in India. He was also the au-
tlior of a Latin poem on the death of Dr.
Young, for which he was awarded a silver
medal by the late Historical Society; and
the successful competitor for more than
one of the Royal Irish Academy's Prizes.
At Rathfarnam C^istle, Mrs. Burton,
widow of the Dean of Killala.
Feb. 4, At Dublin, Lady Mary, widov/
of the late Rt. Hon. William Sauriii, and
sister to the Marquess of Thomond. She
WHS married first to Sir Richard Cox,
Bart, who died in 17S4> ; and secondly to
Mr. Saurin, who died in Feb. 1U39 (see
our Vol. XII. p. 88.)
IsLK or Man. — Jan. 17. Aged 63,
Mrs. Ann (fore, second daughter of the
liii«' Hev. Dr. Gore, many years Bishop
of Limerick.
East IsDiBb. — Oct. 8. At Bombay,
William Bromley ('adogan Graham, esq.
M.D. second son of Alexander Graham,
esq. of Ballagan, Stirlingshire.
iVor. 10. At the Cupe of Good Hope,
aged 33, Capt. Adoluhus £. Byam, E.I.
C Horse Art., Mil. Secretary to the Resi-
dent at Hyderabad, second son of the late
Her. Dr. Bjani.
Nov, 29. At Shikarpoor, of cholera,
whilst on his march with the returning
troups from Ghiznee, C^apt. Bertram
Newton Ogle, 4th Light Dragoons, sixth
son of the Rev. J. S. Ogle, of Kirkley
Hall, Northumberland.
Nov. oO. Near Bangalore, of cholera,
aged 38, Capt. William Way Baker,
32d Madras N. Inf. third son of Sir Ro-
bert Baker, of Montagu-place.
Bee. 15. At Calcutta, Thomas James
Taylor, esq. second son of Thomas Tay-
lor, esq. ComptroUer-general of the Cus-
toms.
Lately. At Bombay, aged 21, George
Macleod, esq. Assistant Field Engineer to
the Scinae Reserve Force, second son of
the late Norman Macleod, esq. Bengal
Civil Service.
West \vDvs.%.-^Sept. 17. On board
her Majesty's ship Satellite, off St. Do-
mingo, aged 18, W. Chetwynd Plowden
Wood, esq. midshipman, second son of
Gen. John Sulivan Wood, Lieutenant of
the Tower of London.
Sept. 30. At St. Lucia, in his 44th
year, William Salter, esq. Landing Sur-
veyor of Her Majesty's Customs, and
formerly resident at Exeter.
Oct, 19. At St. Lucia, Emma, wife of
Charles Bennett, esq. M.D. stipendiary
magistrate, eldest daughter of Robert
Ward, esq. of Brighton.
Abroad. — May 9. At sea, on bis
passage from Port Philip to Sidney, ag^
41, Frederic Charles Ebhart, esq. late
Captain 45th.
Auy At Port Macquarie, New
South Wales, Capt. E. L. Adams, late
Commander of the Hon. East Indim
Company's ship, Kellie Castle.
Oct. 31 . On his estate, Querinelond,
near Elsinorc, aged 71, Charles Stonor,
esq.
Nov. I. At Rio de Janeiro, aged 379
Dr. A. F. Goodridge, sonof John Qood«
ridge, Esq. R.N. of Paington, Devon.
Nov. 9. At Buenos Ayres, aged 25,
in conscauence of a severe fall, Edward
Jobslyn Lay, of her Majesty's ship Cal-
liope, youngest son of the late John Lay,
esq. of Crepping Hall, Wakes Colne,
Essex.
Nov. 10. At Three Rivers, aged 80^
Helen Macdonell, widow of James Mac*
kenzic, esq. a native of Invernessshire,
and daughter of Allan Macdonell, of
Lundie, esq. who emigrated to North
America (the Mohawk), with many othera
of his clan, 1773, and was one of the first
settlers of Glengarry, in Upper Canada.
He was out with his chief, Glengarry, to
whom he was related, in 1743, and was
engaged in the battle of CuUoden ; but at
the breaking out of the Ameriom wtr, ho
334
Obituary.
[Maidi,
joined the Royal Forces, in 1776, as
Lieut, in the 84th Loyalists, and also
held an appointment in the Commissariat,
until the close of the war, and ended his
days in Three Rivers in 182?, at an ad-
vanced age. Mrs. Mackenzie was the
mother of Mrs. Bell, Mrs. Munro, and
Capt. Mackenzie, OTth Rcgt.
Nov, 12. At Quebec, aged 73, the
Hon. Jonathan Sewell, LL.D. of the
Executive Council, and for many years
its President, Speaker of the Legislative
Council, and late Chief Justice of the
Province.
Nov, 13. Aged 53, Capt. J. N. Creigh-
ton, late of the 11th Dragoons, Barrack-
master at Sierra Leone, Africa.
Nov. 15. At St. Petersburg, Benja-
min Hickson, esq. merchant, formerly of
Hull.
Nov, 24. At Paris, aged 75, Diana-
Jane Countess of Ranfurly. Her Lady-
ship was the eldest dau. and coheir of
Edmond-Sexten Viscount Pery, uncle to
the present Earl of Limerick, by his se-
cond wife Elizabeth, dau. of John Lord
Knapton ; was married in 1785, and has
left four sons and one daughter.
Dec, 10. In the Gulf of Smyrna,
aged 22, Edward F. North, of her Ma-
jesty's ship Princess Charlotte, youngest
son of the late Francis Frederick North,
esq. of Hastings and Rougham.
Dec. 11. At Boulogne-sur-Mer, aged
60, John Fawsett, esq.
Dec, 14. At Messina, Maria Catharine
Constantia, wife of Alphonso Matthey,
esq. Assistant Commissary general.
Dec, 17. At Munich, aged 48, the
Rt. Hon. Edward V^iscount Lascelles,
eldest son of the Earl of Harewood. He
married in 1821, Miss Louisa Rowley,
who is deceased, without issue. The title
descends to his next brother the Hon.
Henry Lascelles, who married, in 182.3,
Lady Louisa Thynne, and has a very
numerous family. The mortal remains
of the deceased were interred in Germany.
At Paris, John Warburton, esq. eldest
son of Rich. Warburton, esq. of Garry-
binch. Queen's county.
Dec, 20. AtBoulognc-sur-Mer, Mrs.
Hartley, relict of \Vinchcombe Henry
Hartley, esq. of Bucklebury House, Berk-
shire, many years M.P. for that county,
and Colonel of the North Gloucester
Militia.
At Paris, aged 67, Major James Brown
Homer, of Charlton, Kent, formerly of
the &4th Regiment, and within a few hours
his wife, Helen C. Horner, aged 64.
Dec. 22. At Boulogne sur-Mer, aged
61, Lady Emily Wellesley. She was the
eldest daughter of Charles first Earl Ca-
do^n, by bis second wife Mary, eldest
dau.* of Charles Churdiill, etq. and
married in 1802 to the Hon. and BtSf
Gerald Valerian Wellesley, D.D. Pn-
bendary of Durham, younger brodwr of
the Duke of Wellington. Ladr Emflv
has left a numerous family. H«r tUra
daughter is married to the Viteoont Cbd-
sea, eldest son of Earl CadQnn.
On board the ship New Jerwti^f on Us
passage from Savannah, aged S7» FYands
Holyoake Moore, B.A. late of Queen's
Coll. Cambridge, third son of die late Mr.
Moore, of Mappleborougb-green, Wanr.
Dec. 26. At Malta, aged 21, Maiy-
Anne C. C. G. wife of Charlea Brett,
esq. of Eaton-place, eldest daughter of J.
Ede, esq. Ridgeway Castle, Southampton.
Dec, 28. At the residence of her fa-
ther, William Cookesley, esq. at Bou-
logne, Miss Harriet Young Cookealey.
Dec. 30. Drowned off Talle, near Ve-
nice, aged 26, Alfred, fifth son of William
Searle Bentall, esq. banker, of Totnes,
Devon, Commander of the Brig Permei,
of London.
Dec,3\. At Rome, Profesaor Nibi,
the great antiquary. He has left many
learned works, but is said to have died ex*
tremely poor.
Jan, 1. In his 82nd year. Colonel
Harry Compton, of Chateau de la Brere,
France, and formerly of Wallop Lodge,
Hants.
Jan, 3. Aged 83, Dom Patricio da
Silva, Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbon. He
was originally a friar of the order of St.
Augustine, and was successively Doctor
of Theology, Professor of the same in the
University of Coimbra, Fellow of the
Royal Academy of Sciences, Bishop of
Castello Branco, Archbishop of Eton,
Secretary of State for Ecclesiastical Af-
fairs and Justice, Cardinal, Patriarch of
Lisbon, a Peer of the kingdom, and Vice-
President of the Chamber of Peers.
At Amsterdam, George Anthony Saw*
yer, esq. of Severn House, Henbary.
At Pisa, Mary, wife of James C^^iel,
esq. of Russell-square.
Jan, 4. At Gibraltar. Emily, wife of
Major P. W. Walker, R. A. dau. of the
late Col. GUsse, East India C. Service.
Jan, 6. At Smyrna, aged 63, WiUiam
Mattass, esq. formeriy of Balham-bil^
Surrey.
Jan. 10. At Boulogne-sur-Mer, Charlea
Presbury, esq. formerly of New streal,
Co vent Garden.
Jan. 11. At Marseilles, aged 2S»
Frederick, youngest son of William Hemy
Holt, esq. of Enfield.
At Paris, Henry, only son of
Finimore Hill, esq. late of
Sussex.
Lately. At Ualifiuc, N.S. in fate QM
1840.]
Obituary.
335
year, Tbonuui Wahab, esq. M.D. Sur-
geon of her Majesty's 37th Kegt. to which
he was appointed Assistant-surgeon 1811,
Surgeon 1830.
M. de Tiszkiewicz, the richest land-
holder in Russian Lithuania. He was said
to have refused the hand of his daughter
to Duke Alexander of Wurtemberg. who
afterwards married the Princess Marie
d' Orleans. His daughter has since mar.
ried Prince Sapieha, and had 2,000,000
crowns for her dowry. His property
comprised forty-six extensive domains, on
which there are 20,000 families of pea-
santry, reckoning in them 60,000 males.
In money he possessed 56,000,000 Polish
Horins, equal to 864,000/. He had had
six children, of whom three sons, besides
his daughter, survive him. The eldest, ac-
cording to the laws of Lithuania, inherits
the whole of this immense wealth. He,
however, has assigned one-fourth to be
equally divided between his two brothers.
At Adelaide, South Australia, aged 27,
Mary, wife of Capt. John Bishop, only
dau. of the late Danl. Watldns, esq. of
fiislev, Glouc. — Also, on the 6th of June,
Elizabeth- Charlotte, her infant daughter.
At Friburg, aged 69, Aloyse Mooser,
the celebrated organ builder. His master-
piece is the organ of the church of St.
Nicholas in that town.
Aged 88, Dr. Blumenbach, of Gottin-
f^en, one of the most distinguished phi-
osophers and professors in that Univer-
sity.
BILL OF MORTALITY, from Jan. 28 to Feb. 18, 1840.
Christened.
Males 513
Females 470
}
983
Buried.
Males 522
Females 502
Whereof have died under two years old ...239
1 1024 I \
2 and o
5 and 10
10 and 20
20 and 30
30 and 40
40 and 50
91
.34
46
79
99
95
50 and 60 102
60 and 70 104
70 and 80 86
80 and 90 43
90 and 100 5
100 1
A VKRAGE PRICE OF CORN, by which the Duty is regulated, Feb. 21.
Wheat.
65 5
Barley.
«. d,
39 0
Oats.
t. d.
23 II
Rye.
#. d,
37 9
Beans.
t. d,
40 3
Peas.
#. d,
40 2
PRICE OF HOPS, Feb. 21.
Sussex Pockets, 21 Ot. to 3/. 3«.— Kent Pockets, 2/. 2t. to 6/. Ot.
PRICE OF HAY AND STRAW AT SMITHFIELD, Feb. 21.
Hay, 3/. 5<. to 4/. 8«— .Straw, 1/. 16r. to 2/. 2«.— Clover, 4/. lOf. to 5/. lOt. 0/f.
SMITHFIELD, Feb. 24. To sink the OffaU-per stone of 81bs.
Beef 3#. 4rf. to 4#. 8rf.
Mutton 4#. 2rf. to 5f. ^d.
Veal 5». Orf. to 5#. lOrf.
Pork 4#. 4rf. to 5/. 4rf.
Head of Cattle at Market, Feb. 24.
Beasts 2771 Calves 75
Sheep 21,130 Pigt 403
COAL MARKET, Feb. 21.
Walls Ends, from I6«. Qd, to 25«. 6d. per ton. Other sorU from 16/. 6d. to 22f. Od.
TALLOW, per cwt— Town Tallow, 56f. dd. Yellow Russia, 53r.
CANDLES, 8#. Qd, per doz. Moulds, 9/. 6c/.
PRICES OF SHARES.
At the Office of WOLFE, Brothers, Stock and Share Brokers,
23, Change Alley, ComhiU.
Birmingham Canal, 219. Ellesmere and Chester, 81. Grand Juncdon
181. Kennet and Avon, 27. Leeds and Liverpool, 750. Regent's, 12.
Rochdale, 112. London Dock Stock, 6 jf St. Katharine's, 106. East
and West India, 105.— » Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 183.— -Grand Junc-
tion Water Works, 67|. West Middlesex, 99. Globe Insurance, 132 .
Guardian, 35|. Hope,5j. Chartered Gas, 57|. Imperial Gas, 54. .
Phomix Gas, 31. Independent Gas, 50. General United Gas, 37. Canada
Land Company, 28.— ->B[iever8ionary Interest, 1^.
METEOROLOGICAL DIARY, bt W.CAEY, SxBAim.
Fnm Jammry 96 lo fMntary 95, 1 MO, bMA tathahx.
Kalircnh«it'« Therm. 11 Fahrenheit'! Tberm.
DAILY PRICE OF STOCKS,
From Jamary 29 lo Febrvary 26, 1840, bath inclutive.
3, a. mcHOLi Atu> iDM, 96, tAtxiumm-reua,
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
APRIL, 1840.
By SYLVANUS URBAN, Gent.
CONTENTS.
Minor Correspondence. — Library of Trinity College, Dublin— Barony of
Hoc— The surnames of the Earls of Chester, Gemons, and Meschines — The
first Common Seal of Bristol— The families of Burland and Girlington. ... 338
Lord Dudley's Letters to the Bishop of Landaff 339
English Armour and Arms in the reigns of Elizabeth and James L {with a
Plate) 348
Notes on Boswell's Johnson, by Croker. ., 353
Particulars of the great Fire of South ^ark in 1676 359
The Common Seal of Penrith in Cumberland 360
Birth, Marriage, and Adventures of Nour- Mahal 361
On Sanctuaries, particularly those of Britany 365
The Old Font of St. George's, Southwark {unth a Cut) 367
Gold Gothic Ring found in Rhdsilly Sands, Glamorganshire 368
The Rev. Joseph Hunter on the Orthography of Shakespeare 369
Mr Bruce on the Orthography of Shakspere 374
Mr. Bolton Corney on the same subject 378
Document relating to Wyclyff, the Reformer 379
Mr. Jesse on the Identity of Heme's Oak 380
Colonel John Jones of Maes-y-Garnedd, the Regicide 383
The Arrangements of the State Paper Office 38^
Retrospective Review. — The Poems of James Yates, 1583 385
REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Dr. Pye Smith's Relation between Scripture and Geology, 389 ; Poems by R.
Moncton Milnes, 393 ; Farr's Remedy for the Distresses of the Nation,
.J94 ; Timperley's Dictionary of Printers and Printing, 395 ; Sir John
Hayward's Certain Yeeres of Queen Elizabeth's Reigne 398; Delicic
Literariae, 400 ; Miicellaneous Reviews • 401
FINE ARTS.
Gibson's Sculptures — Hayter's Picture of the Coronation, Panorama of
Benares, &c • • 404
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.
List of New Publications, 404 ; Foreign Literary Intelligence, Royal, Geo-
logical, Microscopical, and Botanical Societies ; Institute of British Archi-
tects 408
On the Architecture of the Nineteenth Century • 409
Recent Destruction of Exchequer Records at Somerset House 413
ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.
Society of Antiquaries, 416 ; French Antiquarian Intelligence, 417 ; Ancient
Articles of Amber, 418; Imperial Statues found at Cenretri, 419 ; Mount
Athos, ib. — Salonica, Roman Skeleton found in London, Egyptian
Mummy, &c , 430
HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.
Parliamentary Proceedings, 431 ; Foreign News, 433. — Domestic Occurrences 434
Promotions and Preferments, 43.'>.-— Births, 436.— Marriages 437
()HITI:ARY; with Memoirs of the Eari of Mansfield, Right Hon. John SuUivan,
Sir W. Williams Wynu, Bart. Sir C. R Blunt, Bart. Rear-Adm. Hancock, Capt.
W. Hill, Capt. W. H. B. Proby, Capt. C Phillips, Capt. R. Dickenson, Lieat..
Col. Holmes, Lieut.. Col. Arnold, Major Byam, Rev. John Wordsworth, Mr.
Luke Clennell, W. J.Ward, e.iq. A.R.A 438 — 439
Clkrgy Diceasid, 439.— Deaths arranged in Counties 440
Bill of Mortality-Markets-Prices of Shares, 447 -Meteorological Diary- Stocki 448
EmbcUiahed with « Representation of Military Costume, temp. Jamet L ; and of
tbe Old Font of St« George's, Southwark.
338
MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.
A. C. writes : "In the observations
upon the early Irish press made by J. R.
in February (p. 145), a doubt was ex-
pressed whether a copy of the first work
which issued from th£s press, the Book of
Common Prayer, is preserved in the
Library of Trinity College, Dublin. I
beg to inform you that the Library con-
tains a copy of this book in fine condi-
tion, and that it is generally believed
there is no other copy in existence.
Your correspondent's acquaintance with
the Library of the University connot be
of recent date, or he could not have
spoken of its treasures as being unre-
vealed, as if entombed in the cryptic re-
ceptacles of the East, described by Co-
lonel Tod. Owing to the indefatigable
exertions of the learned Under* Librarian,
the Rev. J. H. Todd, the numerous MSS.
and printed treasures of this valuable
Library have been arranged, classified,
and made accessible to the learned in-
quirer.**
J. S. in reply to Cantianus on the
iunily of Toke, (Jan. p. 38, where he
says, " The ancient Barony of Hoo and
Hastings, created 24th of Henry VI. in
the person of Thomas Hoo, who died
without issue, there is reason to believe
is in abeyance in the family of Toke of
Godinton, as John Toke of Beere married
Joyce, only daughter of Sir Thomas Hoo,
brother of the Lord Hoo, from which
marriage the Rev. Nicholas Toke, the
present possessor of Godinton, is lineally
descended,'*) begs leave to observe, that
** as the barony of Hoo was created by
Letter* Patent it would immediately be-
come extinct on the failure of heirs male,
and even if it had been created by ivrit it
would not be in abeyance in the family of
Toke, as Lord Hoo left issue (beside a
son who died in his father's lifetime
issueless) four daughters, of whom Jane
married Sir Roger Copley, Knight, from
which marriage the present Sir Joseph
Copley maternally descends. It is also
remarkable that Lord Hoo's name was
Thomas, which makes it improbable that
he should have a brother bearing the
same." This Correspondent is nearly cor-
rect in his statement. Lord Hoo left three
daughters and coheirs, Anne married to
Roger Copley, Eleanor to James Carew,
and Elizabeth to Sir John Devenish, whose
ions Roger Copley, ajt. 40, Richard
Carew, eet. 40, and Richard Devenish, act.
36, in 4 Hen. VIII. were found to be co-
heirs, in right of their respectire mothen,
of Eleanor Lady Hoo and Hasting! .
The CoRREMPON'DKNT who inquliTS,
'' where was Gernon Castle in Nor-
mandy, at which Ranulph third Eaii of
Chester is said to have been bora?**
(Burke's Extinct Peerage, p. 347)i ii in-
formed that he was " lomimed Genoas
from his moustaches ; not, as fome isy,
from the castle of his nativity." (Hiit.
of Lacock Abbey, by Bowles aad NUMi,
p. 71 .) We perceive that ia Bvke be is
also called ** de Mesdunei,** but ad ~
was this an hereditary miumam ; A*
tinction of that ** le Meacheya ** ~ ~
to his father. It is not raMplimcnlMj.
as will be seen on referenoe to a VtmiA
dictionary, kodie mesqnin.
C. W. L. writes: '* It is «Hk put
diffidence that I call in qOMtion tha a-
planation of the first comaaon Seal of Hm
city of Bristol given by sodi a bub m the
late Mr. Dallaway ; bat to mm it 9ffmn
that his translation is not the ooiioct ooa.
and therefore sabmit to yoor ,
that which follows, — ^but wiU firat
that * custodio,* among ita otber
ings, signifies ' to observe — to watch to
mark diligently,' and that ' Porta*
means ' a gate— a port, a narrow pas-
sage.' I should then tranalata tho pat-
sage * Secret! clavis sum portAa. Na-
vita navis Portam cnstodit. FortaBi
vigil indice prodit.* 'I am tho key of
the secret port. The seaman of tho ship
observes diligently the narrow onfraMu
The warder points oat the port with his
forefinger' — and thns each it tngt^jtA in
his duty, the warder in pointing oot the
port, and the sailor in ">*»*rinf tho difi-
culty and danger of enterinf it«** For
some animadversions on Mr. Dolhiwaj*i
hypothesis on the more important payt of
this legend, the words nertti pmtUMf wt
beg to refer to our number for Await
1835, p. 1G5.
An Old CoRRsapoifDBifT iModret.
" who is the present repreaentenve of
the family of Burland," at one tine set-
tled in Somersetshire. The Ust traee he
has found of them is, that Marj Borlaad
married James Lloyd Harris, who in
1809 obtained the Royal licenae to take
the name of Burland.
^ Mr. Savage*s commnnieation refer-
ring to a pedigree of Girlington io the
Collectanea Topographioa ffttlroaalqtirs.
has been forwarded to the Editor of that
work.
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE.
Inters of the Earl of Dudlei^ to the Bishop of Llandaf. 8vo. Marrty .
SOME years have eb^ed^ which remind us how rapidly the noon of
life is gliding away, since, arriving at the Hotel at Turin, we met Lord
Dudley, then Mr. Ward, on the staircase -, and resumed an acquaintance
uhich had been slightly formed in the '* academic bowers,*' but which
had been broken off by subsequent separation. He had lately left Nice
and the Mediterranean shores, where he had been passing the winter^ and
was enjoying at Turin the elegant hospitality of Mr. Hill's table, and the
bright delicious progress of an Italian spring ^^ undetermined whether to
return to England, — for the '* clangor tubarum *' of the distant senate
sounded in his ears, — and to see the sun on the northern side of the Alpit
vanish from him " like a fairy gift,'* or to remain a few months longer in
Italy 3 when we mentioned our design of proceeding to Florence, with
great good-nature he agreed to accompany us, and foi; about six weeks wc
had the enjoyment of his constant society. We well remember his firBt
misfortune at Asti, which is not mentioned in his correspondence, and
which was subsequently the occasion of much amusement ; and Ids second
— a very serious one — which he has noticed, t and which took place when
lie was riding a wretched post-horse to the quarries of Carrara. At Genoa
we found that the new road then forming from that place along the coast
towards Lucca — though much unfinished — was to be opened for a single
day for the Grand Duchess Constantine, and we obtained leave to follow
in her train, being the tirst Englishmen who ever passed it. The drive
from Genoa to Sestri is not surpassed in beauty by any scene even in
southern Italy -, but the beauty of its winding and varied shores is now
well kno^vn, and need not detain us. Ijord Dudley was always a very
leisurely traveller, and his journeys bore a great resemblance to morning
airings ; and thus a few weeks passed quietly and delightfully, gliding
through the olive groves of Spezia, or gazing on the marble splen-
dours of Pisa, or the palaces and galleries of Florence. The day before
wc left for Rome, we dined with him in company with Sir John Malcolm
and his aid-de-camp, who were then on their way to England, having
travelled overland from India. Sir «Iolin, we remember, amused us
much by his description of the Viceroy of Egypt paying him the honoors of
a grand field-day, in which he showed his Arab army for the first time
clothed in European dress, and trained to our tactics. On that evening
* We tee by our jonmal that the Oriental pUiie wu in full leaf in Turin on the 3d
of April. .So wan ike AiUiitlin» KlimdaloM, the fig tree, and the walout. The pear
tree had fnut tet as big m a cherry. The wheat was alao in ear. Trees do not U^
in the tame order and nucccsrion in Italy at in Eagland. We had peat, atpartgui,
and ^trawberrie8 at the I'alaxKf) Rotto, in Genoa, on the 7th of thit month.
t See iMters. 65, p. ^\0, When recovered from the mrprite and alarm of hi«
hr^t accident. Lord D. joked on thr effect of his tuppoted aotamely fate, on hit
pohtical oppotttHtt,--the cnwl triumph of Copley and the htJdu epitaph hj Parr.
340 Lord Dudley's Letters to the Bishop qfLIandaf. [April,
we parted, and we saw him no more. Lord Dudley appears to lu to have
given a very faithful account of his tastes and feelings as regaicded the
objects of art which Italy presented to him. He visited the palaces, and
churches and museums, and galleries of pictures, but expressed no pe-
culiar enthusiasm or delight.^ When asked by some one at Liord Brad-
ford's table, " whether he admired pictures/' he answered, " that Italy had
taught him to look only on the best.'* Nor do we recollect that his ear was
more finely attuned to the music of sounds, than his eye to the graceful pro-
portions of art, and the forms of intellectual beauty. His attention seemed
more directed to the state of the country through which he wan travelling :
the government, taxes, formation of new roads, character of the BOvereigD,
of the nobility (we well remember his conversation on Prince Boigheseat
Florence), and generally of the civil and political system of the different
states ; while an evening ride among the pine-groves of the Cascina, or on
the banks of the Aruo, in a balmy atmosphere, and amid beautiful scenes^
was a pleasure he was not willing to forego. Every one who was ac*
quainted with this very accomplished person must have been strock with
the quickness of his fancy, and the readiness and variety of his knowledge.
His reason was vigorous and disciplined ; his judgment discriminate ; his
political views temperate and sagacious ; his taste was delicate, and formed
from the highest models ; and his memory, which seemed very retentiTe
and faithful, was stored with happy illustrations^ and chosen passages from
the best writers. His general conversation was light, unaffected, and
elegant ; but in argument, and when that argument was on a subject of
weight, he was serious and energetic, and pressed his reasonings vrith
precision and force, and sometimes with great earnestness and animation.
We are very sorry to find that the Bishop of Llandaff has met with
much difficulty, and some apparently not yet overcome, in obtaining per-
mission to publish these letters, which are all addressed to himself, and thoi
become his own property. We should have supposed that all who respected
Lord Dudley's memory, or admired his abilities, would gratefully have met
the wishes of one who eminently, and above all his other friends, was able
* '' The Venus," says Lord Dudley, (p. 63) '^ has been replaced by a statue of the
same deity by Canova. It is not a copy, but executed upon a design of his own ; Mid
I very much suspect wants nothing but ten or fifteen centuries passed over its head to
be thought little or nothing inferior to the work of the Grecian artist/' The Medioem
Venus is not to be dethroned by su(^h an assertion as this. The /brm of Canorm's
Venus is defective, as those who do not travel may see in the duplicate at Lord Lus-
downe's : the same fault exists in the central figure of the group of the Gnces at
Woburn, by the same artist. We should be inclined to make a quaere whether a femak
figure could be placed in any attitude different from that of the Medicean Venus, and
equally elegant and fascinating. Could the arms in imy other position form such soft
and flowing lines, and be so beautifully balanced ? We think not : and that tJke ans
attitude of sovereign beauty ^ bidding defiance to all rivalry ^ has in that «fa/se haem
selected. We mention this, apart from its consummate beauty in other respects. We
remember standing by this figure when Lord M — asked Sir George Beaumont why a
copy from it could not equal it. Sir George answered, " it could not be oanied.**
The late Mr. Coleridge somewhere says, ** that the only modem statue is the MloaeB
of M. Angelo." We should agree with him, but that we recollect the noble air, the
melancholy grandeur, of the Lorenzo d*Urbino in the Medicean chapel, bj the same
great master. As we are on the subject of sculpture we may observe, that there ap-
pears to us to be a great defect in the well-known statue of Newton, by RonbiliBC, at
Cambridge. As the statue now stands, if the spectator passes in front and then tana
towards the hinder part on the left side of the figure, it appears hump-badced, and tte
head almost hidden behind the shoulders. It has indeed the appearance of great d^
formity. The best view of this statue is the side one as yom enter ; but a Itatae ttil
affords only a one-sided beauty must be defective.
1 840.] Lord Dudley's Letters to the Bishop of Llandaff. 34 1
and willing to do honour to bis memory. In what other hands could his
letters, his literary fame, his character, be placed with such perfect and
assured safety ? By whose pen could a portrait of the deceased be more
tenderly, more correctly drawn, than by his who, in his own peculiarly
appropriate and elegant language^ could describe the virtues and talents
which he had assisted to unfold, which he had watched with interest, and
which his long intimacy had enabled him at once to appreciate and ad-
mire. We should be inclined, could we presume to address the editor, to
borrow the language which one eminent scholar used towards another, on
the publication of the correspondence of one still greater than themselves :
" Ego quidcm persuasissimum habeo, sanctissimos maximi \'iri manes, si quis
manium sensus est, sibi maximopere gratulari, hanc provinciam tibipreecipue
mandatam esse, in quo quasi imaginem hie superstitem contemplaretur. " *
VV^e must now make an extract from the Bishop's preface, relating to the
design of the publication, and the manner in which he has conducted it.
"It was not my intention to write a
full biographical memoir of Lord Dudley,
nor to enter into a very minute delineation
of his character. A just idea, indeed, of
that character may better be collected
from his letters than from any portrait
which my own pen could draw. If another
volume of these letters should be permitted
to appear, there will be an opportunity
of completing this sketch, and of giving a
general view of the principal incidents and
the courte of hii life. The first letter is dated
Dec. i7, 1799; the last Feb. 11, 1831.
That they are all equally worthy of pub-
lication cannot be supposed or pretended ;
but 1 assert with coniidence that they all
bear marks of the same intellectual and
manly character, strong sense, acute yet
candid observation on men and manners,
and political aflfairs, original and deep re-
flection, combined with a lively imagina-
tion, and a knowledge of books and of the
world rarely found united in the same
individual. They afford also the same
evidence of a sincere, virtuous, and ho-
nourable mind, intent upon being useful,
and upon performing his duty well in
public and private life, — exhibiting in the
Ncason of youth, as well as in more ad-
vanced age, that most engaging of nil
compounds, a playful fancy joined with a
vigorous understanding and a serious
heart. Intellectual energy, and contempt
for an idle and indulgent life, are also
prominent features in his correspondence,
from its very commencement ; and this,
together with his extensive reading and his
exquisite taste in literature, makes one
lament that he has left behind him no
other productions of his pen (although he
certainly wrote a great deal) besides letters
to his friends, and a few papers in the
Quarterly Review. Some of these arc by
name acknowledged in the following col-
lection ; of others the authorship, though
generally attributed to him, must still re-
main matter of conjecture.
" It would, however, be almost in-
justice to his memory not to state, as the
result of my own unvarying experience,
that a deep and awful sense of religion
formed one ingredient of his character :
together with a hatred of profaneness in
those who profess outwardly a belief in
Christianity. He was distinguished also
by constancy in friendship, gratitude for
acts of kindness, and for benefits of any
sort, warm affection and esteem for real
friends, considerate and kind behaviour
towards dependants and inferiors, and a
never-failing sense of filial duty and res-
pect. His main infirmity, which in-
creased with years and with the accessioa
of large property, consisted in a sensitive
apprehension of being duped or over-
reached in ordinary transactions ; and this
vigilant and over-nice jealousy was often
construed into a closeness and parsimony
unbecoming his great fortune. His ex-
penditure was indeed carefully, but not
sparingly regulated ; and the duty of
alms-giving, and of contributing to chari-
table and religious objects, was never
forgotten. As an example, I may refer
to one donation of £'200 bestowed unhesi-
tatingly at my recommendation, to a single
family in distress.''
In a subsequent part of the volume (p. 323) the Bishop thus writes on
the occasion of a great depression of spirits under which Ix)rd Dudley
suffered for some time, and which resulted probably from bodily disease :
* See the dedication by Grferios, of the Epiitle* of If. CMaubon, to T. Reincsiutf,
I6oC, 4to.
Lord Dadley's Letters to the Bishop f^Llmkg. [Afril,
were sometimes disguised, Imt wUch mS^
formed the basisof Ma chmrader, warn ■hoM
more brightly from the cesmtiim of fhote
sparkling lights whidi attneted thieatei-
ration of the world, and oAen dtfriad Iha
eyes of those who moat Uvod in Ua aatiUi.
Another consideration alao had ita wu^at
with me. If my fiiend'a repatatkm dwdd
be not only nniigared, bat einea lifilghtwaJ
by the disclosore, I ooold not Imt tldnkit
a pnblic serrice to record an ■»«— t** of
such sufferings, happily of no long d«n»
tion, and succeeded by years of raoofwed
health and happiness ; ainoe it moat Cead
to administer solace and aupport to odm
when visited with similar «ffltntiim. It
may calm the agitation of many awoodad
mind, and may reconcile thom to thaa-
selves, and counteract the influence of de-
spondency, to know that their cmo ia act
singular,-— that it is one of die ilk wlikk
flesh is heir to ; and th^ will auily W
encouraged to hope that the clond wfakh
hangs over them may aoon paaa away, «
it did from one who> with an nnderataad-
ing naturally strong and Tigorona, Celt as
they feel, and yet within a few weeks re-
gained his ordinary tone of spiritay and tin
enjoyment of life with all its blessings.**
342
** From this time till the beginning of
August the correspondence assumes a new
and a very distressing character, insomuch
that it has been a matter of some delibera-
tion, whether it ought to be laid before
the public or not ; but my judgment was,
after much hesitation, at length fully decided
for it. Imperfections of character indeed,
moral faults and aberrations, infirmities of
temper, or the grosser errors of opinion,
ought never to be exposed, except for the
benefit of mankind ; and then the task be-
longs not to a personal friend, much less
if the evidence of such infirmities came
into his possession through the confidence
of friendship, and in full reliance upon his
fidelity. But in the instance before us,
no one of these objections applies. The
altered tone is purely the result of physi-
cal disease. There is alternate depression
and agitation of spirits, and morbid anxiety
and deep distress ; but there is no aberra-
tion of uiind, no fatuity, no delusion, much
less any obliquity of moral sentiment.
The powerful intellect, the acute percep-
tion, are ever apparent through the gloom,
while the estimable moral qualities and
religious principles, which, in the gaiety
of social intercourse, or the bustle of life,
We must extract, from the letters, the few lines that relate to Sir
Walter Scott^ if only from the natural curiosity and pleasure which
feel in hearing one celebrated man's opinion of another.
** I see there is as usual a great arrear
of reading to be fetched up. The two last
novels, Rob Roy and the Heart of Mid
Lothian, I keep for my post chaise ; as long
as they are unread 1 consider myself as
possessed of a little fund of pleasure, upon
which I can draw whenever 1 ])lease. What
a happy genius that of Walter Scott I
"When a man can do great things only at
the price of severe incessant lal)our, I don't
know that he is much to be envied. It is
almost sure to spoil his stomach and his
temper, and to make him pass many dismal
hours. The (^ase is still worse where great
talents arc combined with a frantic mis-
anthropy, like that of Rousseau and Byron.
But it is hardly possible to conceive a
more fortunate mortal than him that is
possessed of such powers, along with such
Again,
*' I saw licbcr one of the days I was in
town. He told me that you prefer
Ivanhoe to any of its predecessors. 1
don't recollect to have heard that from
yourself. It is (janninij's opinion too, but
J cannot subscribe to it. Waverlev, the
Antiquary, and Old Mortality, all ap])car
to me more diverting, more affecting,
happier effects of the same genius. But
felicity in the exerdae of them, and who
unites the finest genius to a ^.bwiftJL
social disposition, and a& imdiiBlal^bed
relish for the pursuits and amnaemeats of
ordinary life. He is a great poet gfaiM
upon the excellent stock of a good -i
lively, active, reasonable,
man. As to Byron, his first froita
of the parent crab, or rather tbe
upas of his pride and malevolence. Yoi
know how late Scott's talenta were fa
<lcveloping themselves. He waa ei^^it-
and-twenty years old. I happened to be
in Scotland when he stombkil upoB this
great genius — just as a man finds a
sure in his garden, or a g(rfd nine noa
his estate. He has lived upon it JMtty
ever since, and scattered his oeodand over
the worid," «tc. p. 908.
still it is the same genius, and if I
seen the others I i£oald tbink
master-piece. As it is I am dd%Med
with it, though I cannot forget tbat Ihe
others gave me still more pleaanre. After
all, will ilicy last, like Don Qtnixole or Gil
HIas ? or will a new generation nrin to
which (he reading of tbem will
melancholy duty, at tbat of
1 840.] Xorrf Dudley's Letter$ to tki Bkhop of Lhndaff. 343
aadCUrif»t*doeitott»? Luckily I have more writers of equal charm and equal
two thirds of the last volume to read, and fertility, and I could give up society alto-
that will be enough to make this a pleasant gether,'* &c. p. 248.
evening. Si duo preterea tales, &c. two
Respecting Lord Byron, he says —
*' 1 suppose you had not seen the
* Corsair * when you wrote, or you would
hardly have refrained from mentioning it ;
to me it appears the best of all his works.
Rapidity of execution is no sort of apology
for doing a thing ill, but when it is done
well the wonder is so much the greater ; I
am told he wrote this poem at ten sit-
tings—certainly it did not take him more
than three weeks. He is a most extra-
Again,
♦' I^rd Byron has written another poem
which I have seen. It is very beautiful,
but I doubt whether you would be inclined
to show any mercy to its great and palpa-
ble defect — the repetition of the same
«»haracter. Lara is just the sort of gloomy,
haughty, and mysterious villain as Childe
We must now quit the company of these illustrious men^ and observe
the effect which was produced on Lord Dudley ^s mind, and the objects
which most delighted him, when he, for the first time, entered the
•^* Magnc moenia Rome,
ordinary person, and yet there is G. Ellis
who does not feel his merit. Hit creed
in modem poetry (I should have said eon^
temporary) is Walter Scott— all Walter
Seott — and nothing but Walter Scott. I
cannot say how I hate this petty fictions
spirit in literature ; it is so unworthy of a
man so clever and so accomplished as Elllis
undoubtedly is." p. I?.
Harold, the Giaour, the Corsair, and all
the rest. This is a strange mixture of
fertility and barrenness. One would
think it was easier to invent a new cha-
racter than to describe the old one over
and over again, "f Ace. p. .53.
Ci^us divinas orbisadorat opes.'*
for there, and there alone, are the master-pieces of ancient and modern art
so assembled as to put a traveller's knowledge and taste to a severe trial,
and iu most cases i)erhaps, certainly in our own, to cross the line of enjoy-
ment, with the regret that they had not, by previous study, rendered them-
selves more capable of building their admiration on a deeper acquaintance
with their principles and ends. If a person's knowledge of the hne arts is
confined alooe to those specimens which he has access to in England, many
of his impressions on important points must be erroneous ; a journey to Italy
would be highly valuable, were it only to correct and remove these. As
regards exclusively the mouldering relics of antiquity, which are scattered
like the dim, discoloured bones of a giant amid the florid beauty and youth*
ful luxuriance of modem Rome, our sensations of curiosity and delight ap*
|>car to arise not from the superior excellence of the works alone, or their
long and venerable age ; but we feel, as we admire, that they were
* S4*« a very just criticism on Clarissa and Grandison in Memoirs of Sir J. Mackin-
tosh, vol. ii. p. 21)7. The character of Lovelace is totally out of nature. There never
was nor ever will be, such a person as I^ovelace. Sir C. Grandison, with all his excel-
lence, is like '* Sir Robest, rather dull." We assert, upon the most deliberate convic-
tion, that '* Clarissa*' is the most dangerous and inflammatory work of Action, pre-
tending to be moral, that has been published in our language to our knowlei)^';t*. It
IN monstrous that ladies could ever have read it and written of it, as they did.
t But it must be recollected that it was Lord Byron's great object to show In his
favourite portraits the union of high intellect, with daring purpose and feelings of fine
sensibility, the real grossneas of which was not concealed by a flowery veil of aeati-
mentality. Such are the elements of his favourite heroes, and such the union of f4-.
ctUenct which he wished the world to believe— to admire— poiups to imitate.
344 Lord Dudley*s Letters to the Bishop of Lhmitif^ [^nl#
the creations of a people separated from us not only by the interfal
of years, but as living under a dispensation^ a moral economy, a law
of conscience and reason distinct from ours. A people whose destinies
were all unlike our ovi'n — between whom and us a gulf has been dnfm \
with whom our relations have become so remote that the objectsthey
pursued, however beautiful and refined^ must appear to us dispropor-
tionate to all just desires, visionary, unsubstantial 3 their noblest virtoes
built on incorrect views and erroneous motives 3 so that the models on
which they formed themselves, being alien from the truth, have long since
'* crumbled to the dust or been scattered to the winds." Thdr high
genius, their great achievements, their calamitous fate inspire something
of a melancholy and mysterious awe. They fell beneath the authority c^
a moral legislation which they could neither comprehend nor receive. The
deities of Olympus, and their august abodes^ have all vanished into empty
air : but the Genius of Rome may still be seen with solitary and dgected
countenance weeping over the ruins of the Capitol he loved.
"In the first place I am bold enough to
think, and rash enough to say, with defer-
ence, however, to better judgments, that the
merit of the aHcien/ buildings here, hasbeen
a good deal exaggerated. No doubt they
deserve a great deal of praise and admira-
tion, but they have received a double share
of both from fancy, affectation, and that
bhnd attachment to classical antiquity
which swuycd the minds of artists and
scholars for some centuries after the revi-
val of learning. There arc two ways of
considering these objects, — as what they
are, or as what they have been. Now
there are not above four or five of the
ancient monuments that are still perfect
enough to give much pleasure, except to
a very enthusiastic eye. First, and nmch
before anything else, comes the Pantheon —
complete, beautiful, and of the purest age.
1 really think it deserves all that has been
said in its praise, though one's pleasure
in seeing it is in part to be attributed to
the satisfaction and surprise one feels at
the singular good fortune which has pre-
served it entire amidst the wreck of almost
everything else. Besides, one is a good
deal awed by Agrippa and the Augustan
age. Still I will fairly own if it stood at
Turnham-green, and had been finished
yesterday by a man from Birmingham, it
would stillstrikeone as a noble and beauti-
ful work. Itssize, however, which in archi-
tecture is a very material point, is (as I
need not tell you) not by any means re-
markable. It is surpassed by all the great
modem churches. Then comes the Coli-
seum, which, though sadly mined, it is
impobaible to look at without being very
much struck with its enormous mass.
Then the Triumphal Arches, Tnjui*!
Pillar, and the little Temple of Vesta.
This is pretty nearly all that actoaUj
pleases the eye. The obelisks, iiideed»
are numerous and perfect, but thi^ are
curious rather than beautiftd. What else
remains of antiquity consists of ansiglitly
ruins.* There are, perhaps, some few
exceptions I ought to have made, but not
many. You may find a great many pretty
bits and scraps, but nothing else suffici-
ently entire to be admired as a whole. I
am sensible, however, that the present
beauty and perfectness of these monaments
is not the most interesting subject of con*
sideration. They are to be looked at
chiefly as traces in which, by the help of
history, we may discover the state of
ancient art, wealth, and power. And cer-
tainly in every part of Rome there are
abundant proofs of its having been once
the capital of a great, rich, enl^htened,
and victorious people. Yet I own »!*• t
when I recollect how long and how com-
pletely the Romans were moters of the
world, how severely they governed it,
how unmercifully they plundered it, and
how much of their greatness and aathoiitv
was concentrated in this sinj^ city ; I
am not at all surprised at the extent or
splendour of their public works. All that
they did when compared with the vastness
of their empire, is very much inferior in*
deed to what was accomplished bj the
little republics both of Greece and its co-
louies. Indeed, there is no point on
which travellers seem now to be more
agreed, than on the preference that is dne
to the remaining monuments of
architecture. Those that have
* The '* Aqueducts " should not have been overlooked ; entering Rome from the
Naples Road their broken arches appear stretching in long Unes across the plain with
great efifect ; to our eye the most picturesque of all the remains tABomm AtUietip m ^
*' Acrium per iter suspensis fluctibiu amnes.''
1
1840.] Lord Dudley's Letters to the Bishop o/Landaff.
345
Greece first — and there are several of that
description here now — speak of the Ro-
man baildings much less respectfully than
I have ventured to do. Something must
be ascribed to the strength of the first im-
pressions, and to the vanity which in-
duces people almost always to overrate
what they have seen, particularly if it is at
all difficult of access ; but still their opi-
nion is so decisive and so universal, that
1 am persuaded it is founded in truth.
* • • * There are, I apprehend, but
few specimens of completely pure archi-
tecture among the Roman churches.
Many of them are particularly u^y» St.
Paul's without theM'^alls forcertaiu, which
outside looks like a huge bam. In
others, even of those that have just pre-
tensions to beauty, the defects are still ob-
vious enough to strike the eye at once of
an unskilful beholder. However, they are
all worth seeing, at least once, either for
what they are, or for what they con-
tain ; and on the whole they give one
a very high notion of the riches, taate, and
liberality of papal Rome — even exduiively
of St. Peter's, which forms a class of it-
self."
The impressions from a first view of the magnificent temple of apostacy^
that have been formed by different persons^ we have found to be singularly
unlike. Our own was that of majesty and beaaty, united with wonderful
effect, not equalling the Gothic cathedral perhaps in the former, but in
the latter quality far surpassing it : and on the whole^ when strong and
sudden feelings have subsided, more fitted to produce and sustain a perma-
nently pleasing impression. Wt remember Lord Dudley saying to us as
we entered together one of the Florentine churches during the perform-
ance of the service — " If I could but believe that all this is true, how
beautiful would it be ; *' — but our business is to give his opinion of St.
Peter's.
" I suppose (he writes), I should general-
ly ««peakin^ be reckoned among those that
are inclined to undervalue Rome both an-
cient and modern. But, whatever praise
I have subtracted from other objects, I
am disposed to keep upon this one. My
expectations were of course great, but
tliry have been more than fulfilled. In-
deed, 1 had no notion that such an effect
could be produced by a mere building.
Tlierc is no getting accustomed to its
^(randcur and beauty. I see it every day,
but my veneration and delight are as
great aji ever. The Duomo of Milan has
not even prepared you for it. You have,
I dare say, often seen and heard the com-
mon remark, that, owing to the accuracy
of its profiertions, people are not aware of
its prodigious size, when they first enter it.
This observation, however, has not been
confirmed by my own experience. Its size
is what struck me most at the first roo«
ment, and before I had time to attend to
the symmetry of its from, and the ridmeai
and exquisite workmanship of -its orna-
ments. It has too, another quality which
one should not perhaps have expected to
find, united to so much grandeur and
magnificence — that of being remarkably
cheerful. But it is a decent, tempered
cheerfulness, which is perhaps quite as
well suited to its destination, as the awftii
gloom of the Gothic churches. I say this,
though I am extremely fond of Gothie
architecture. Indeed, if I could imagine
anything finer than St. Peter's, it would
be a Gothic church of the same enormous
dimensions, in as pure a taste, and ai
finely executed as the cathedral at York.
You have seen a great many fine palaces
at Genoa. They can hardly be upon a
grander scale than those at Rome, which
are by much the most magnificent habita-
tions I ever saw for private persons* in
point both of size and of exterior deco-
ration.''
The '* iininondixia" of Rome seems to have affected Lord Dudley much
uiore than it did us ) though, perhaps, there was some real differeoce at
to the state of the city between Januar)', when he dates his letter, and
when we were enjoying its blue skies and golden prospects in that
charming season ** 'twixt Midsummer and May."
" Now comes the drawback upon the
splendid and interesting objects in Rome,
and which I own diminishes their effect,
(Jent. Mao. Vol. XIII.
May
in my eyes at least, to a wonderfbl dagree.
It is the extreme filth and shabbineif of
the wretched town that lurnmndi them.
2Y
a46
Lord Dudley's Letiers to the Biihop rf LanUf. [Apri*
atop iptiM
Regular streets of lofty well-biiilt houses
are not at all necessary in order
to set off fine public buildings. Oxford
is a sufficient proof of that, where there
is hardly a single handsome private
house, and yet where every thing appears
to the best advantage. But cleanliness,
neatness, space, and a tolerable state of
repair, are quite indispensable. In Rome
you search in vain for any one of these
advantages. There is not a single wide
street, and but one handsome square
(Pia2za di Navona.) Poverty and dirt
pursue you to the gates of every monu>
ment, ancient or modem, public or pri-
vate. You- never saw any place so nasty
nor so beggarly — nor I, except one. Lis-
bon is a little worse than Rome, and only
a little, and it is a disgrace to civilized
man. The description of dirt is no very
pleasant thing, and therefore for your sake
and my own, I will not make one. But
if you ever come to Rome you must
prepare yourself for having your senses
outrageously offended wherever you go.
The dignity of a palace — the sanctity of
a church — the veneration that is due to
the remains of ancient greatness — nothing
commands the smallest attention to de-
cency or cleanliness. One of our earliest
and most natural associations is that of
purity with a fountain. Rome has de-
stroyed that in my mind for ever. It con-
tains an incredible number of beautiful
fountains, most abundantly supplied with
water, but they are all so surrounded by
every object that is calculated to excite
disgust, as to be absolutely unapproachable.
So much dirt implies negligence and sloth.
Accordingly every thing is kept in a care-
Iras, slovenly way. Not a trace of that
neatness and attention to details, which
gives so much additional beauty to the
splendid scene you have beheld from the
Place de Louis XV., and which in Eng-
land is quite universal. In every thing
here, and in every body, you see symp-
toms of that sort of foolish laziness, of
which ameng us none but children and
very bad servants are guilty : you meet
with it on aU occasions, great and small.
When they repair a church, the rubbish
remains to spoil the roof, and encumber
the steps. When they cut a garden hedge,
therleaT* the elippuifi to
vralka. The effect of this
the buildings, is quite
thing looks iu best, and nwk tkngt look
their worst, except St. Peter's, Ibr, to do
them justice, they have the nooe to keep
that in good order. AU the rest, looks
as if it had been thrown into Choaoerj
for the last twenty years. I tMllovo tbs
substantial repairs, (at our boildors S|Msk),
are in general pretty well sttraded to, M
in spite of that, they contiBue to ptosirfs
all the effect of incipient rain. nosDO is
like a beautiful woman lUp-skodt is a
dirty gown, with her hair en papiUoU, It
requires great enthusiasm, or greet power
of abstraction to prevent disgust ftom
being the prevalent feeUng, eten
one is looking at some of tiha most
derable oligects. It has been okserredtkst
the Spaniards /auA nothing— the Italins
take care qf nothing. Thej havo suffond
more fine things to go to niln in Rons
from mere negloct, than ahnoat any othsr
capital ever possessed. Some of the
finestworks of Raphael,* TVmi^»i<«%in^ ^^
Guido, have been destrojed for mat of tks
most trifling expense or trouble. One half
of Rome is to me invisible. With ro«poct
to the fine arts, I am in a state of total, ir-
recoverable blindnesa. I haTO
myself to be carried round to all tho fins
pictures and statues, and plaoed in ths
full blaze of their beauty ; but searoa a
ray has pierced the film that oo¥on my
eyes. Statues give me no pleasnro, ]do*
tures very little ;t and when 1 am plnascd.
it is uniformly in the wrong plaoe, which
is enough to discourage me ftmn being
pleased at all. In fact, I beUero that if
people in general were as honest as I amt
it would be found that the worica ot tha
great masters are in reality mnch Ism
admired than they are now snmioaad to
be ; not that I am at all soepdcal abont
their merit, but I believe that merit to bt
of a sort which it requirm stody, habits
and perhaps even some praotical know*
ledge of the principles of the fine arta to
perceive and relish. You romamber that
Sir Joshua tells us that he was at first in«
capable of tasting all the eoccellenfla of
Raphael and Michel Angelo. And if hO|
already no mean artist, was still oniniti-
* ''Look homeward now ! " When we reproach the Italians for saffering the
of Raphael to perish, let us not be unmindful that, we are falling into the
See what was said before the Committee on the Fine Arts, in evidence of the piesont
state of " the Raising of Lazarus" in our gallery ; and see also what Dr. Waagen says on
the same subject, in his *' Arts and Artists in England.'' — ^Vol. i. 191. What as*
swers Mr. Seguier ?
t Lord Dudley did not always speak so unreservedly and nneonditionally of Us
want of taste for the fine arts ; but he used to say, that his residenee in Italy, *
pictures of all kinds abound, made him care for none but the masterpieees of i
1840.] Lord Dudley's Letters to the Bishop o/Ltmiaff.
34*7
ated in the higher mysteries of his art,
and obliged at first to take upon trast
much of that which was afterwards made
clear to him by farther study and labour,
what shall we say about the sincerity of
those who, knowing so much less, pretend
to feel so much more ?* for my part, I
think of them as much as I should think
of any body who, being just able to pick
out the meaning of a Latin sentence,
should affect to admire the language and
versification of the Georgics. So much
by way of apology, * pro me ipso ct pro
oinni Mummiorum domo/ I learn from
others that the riches in all that belongs
to the fine arts, which Rome still con-
tains, are quite prodigious. They have
been a good deal diminished by the
robbery of tiie French, and by the po-
verty of Prince Giustiniani, and the
baseness of Prince Borghese, who both
sold their collections. But what re-
mains is sufficient to afford an inexhaus-
tible subject of admiration to artists and
connoisseurs. It is but justice to the
French to say, that, though * they de-
prived Rome of some of its greatest orna-
ments, yet in other respects they rendered
it great service.' My good fnend Eustace
^rote under the influence of a moat
childish prejudice, when he represented
them as enemies of the fine arts. Napo-
leon was beginning to improve Rome with
We DOW give the editor's parting words, and sincerely do we hope that
all obstacles may be removed which serve to impede a farther pablication,
and that the unfinished portrait may be completed without interruption,
by the same friendly and able hand which has commenced it.t
the same magnificence and good taste of
which he has left such monuments at
Paris. By his order immense accumula-
tions of earth and rubbish were removed
from some of the ancient ruins, an ope-
ration by which in all instances the ap-
pearance of them was much improved,
and in some curious discoveries were
made. From what I have laid (and in-
deed from what you well know already,)
you must be aware, that iriiat is wanted
here is not any new buildings. All that is
necessary is to take care of those that
already exist, and set them off to advan-
tage, and above all, to cleanse the Au-
gean )llth of this imperial city. He had
already directed his attention to all these
objects, and in a few years Rome would
have assumed quite a new aspect, and, in
my opinion at least, the loss of all that
was taken away, would have been more
than compensated by the improvement of
what remains. Consider for instance, if
you happen to have a plan of Rome,
what an effect would have been produced
in one single instance by throwing down
the wretched houses, that now come up to
the colonnade of St. Peter*s, and opening
a magnificent street to the Castle of Sc
Angelo and the Tiber. But the whole
spirit of improvement is gone, and the
power,
'•«tc.
* \\ o\ild not 1/onl Dudley's argument tend to prove that pictures can only be un-
(l('r>t()«»(I .iiid truly admired by painters ? a picture consists of the colouring and the
toinposition ; but many an eye, besides that of the artist, is gifted with the power of
luuicrstandiug the harmony of colours ; and with regard to the cumposition*of a pwtve,
it surely is not beyond the reach of good taste aikd careful judgment. The unprofes-
sional ndmirrr is also less subject to be biassed than the painter by favourite views and
systi-matie principles. George the IV. for instance (we know from the best authority,)
had n really good taste in pictures fo a cmiahi fxtent ; and he knew the point where
hi^ knowledge stopped.
i We cannot withhold the satisfaction of extracting the Bishop's very able and in-
teresting charni'ter of the late Dean of Christ Church, Dr. CyrU Jackson ; 6 iroXv*
KXfiTtii Kni TroXvfiiiBrji : whose memory will be preserved, when his contemponuries
and \\\» pupils have passed away, equally by the Bishop's pen, and by the chisel of
Chantrey : —
*' I cannot let this sentence pass, without bearing testimony to the extraordinary
merit of the individual here alluded to, Dr. Cyril Jackson. During 30 years that
he presided over (Jhrist Church, he uniformly consulted not only the particular inter-
ests of that body, but the general good of the university, of which it was the principal
component part. His talents for government, his knowledge of the world, his inai^kt
into character, his native en^gy, his thirst for knowledge, his universal iaforma-
tion. his clas!>ical taste, his learning, and his love of learning, all conspired to fit him
.idmirably for the station which he adorned. Added to these qualities, Uiere was a
generous desire to encourage and reward merit, and infuse a love of liberal and
Tionourable puniuits into young minds, o?er whom his personal qualities gave him a
lomnianding influence. If measured by that which is perhaps the surest test of intel-
lectual ability, aicendancy, imperceptibly acquired orer all with whom a man has to
348
Armour and Arms of the City of Coventry.
[Aprfl,
'^ Having now arrived at a period in
Lord Dudley's life when a new position
in society, and a new sphere of action
were opened for him, through the death of
his father, which happened in the follow-
ing April, I have thought it hest to regard
this as an epoch, and to close the volume
with this letter. Whether any more let-
ters will he published is a question not to
be determined, it seems, by my own judg-
ment ; and I confess, whatever construc-
tion may be put on the avowal, that I
cannot submit either to solicit permission
as a favour, or to recognise the duty of
executors in such a case, and forbid the
publication of letters addressed to myself,
merely because they have the legal power
of doing so, as possessing a share in the
copyright. As far as tenderness for tlie
reputation of the testator, whose property
they administer, may influence the pro-
ceedings, their motives must be respected ;
but I may perhaps be forgiven, consider-
ing the relation that subsisted between me
and the writer, if I assert a moral claim
to be regarded, not only as a safe guar-
dian of that reputation, but as the safest
perhaps that could be found among his
surviving friends. There is a well-known
passage of Cicero, which has been often
quoted in reprobation of the practice of
divulging private correspondence. ' At
etiam literas (he exclaims indignimtly
against Antony,) quas me sibi roisisse
diceret, recitavit, homo et humanitatis ex-
pers, et vitse communis ignarus. Quis
enim unquam, qui paululum modo bo-
norum consuetudinem D^aset, litarM afl i
ab amico missas, offenrione aliqiia isle
posita, in medium protulit, palanMpie r
citavit? Quid est aliud tollere e vil
vitte societatem, quam tollere unicorn
colloquia absentium ?* — ' Quun mnlta jm
solent esse in epistolis, qiue prolata
sint, inepta videantur ? quam malta leii
neque tamen uUo modo diTulganda.'— €i
Phil. ii. 3. Now, to the first part of th
censure I have no fear whaterer of beu
exposed. So far from being actnated b
feelings of enmity and resentment, n
sole object is to do honour to the meauM
of a deceased friend ; and in case the pai
tiality of friendship should be tboogi
likely to lead me into the latter error,
fearlessly appeal for my yindication, 1
the letters now published, written in i
the freedom of familiar and confident!
intercourse, written often in haste and t
the spur of the moment, under the inili
euce of various feelings and fluctuationi <
animal spirits ; yet in no one of them, n
in the remainder which are unpnbliriie
do I discern a single passage which h
trays weakness or puerility, or improp
levity, much less a single line which ongl
to be suppressed upon any moral or reli|
ous consideration.
" Not one which dying he would wish to btoi
But I am content to wait the issue ; ai
for the present to dismiss the Tolume,
full confidence that it will justify my oi
ginal design, and perhaps tend to its fio
completion.*'*
ENGLISH ARMOUR AND ARMS, IN THE REIGNS OF ELIZABETH AND JAMBS I.
(With a Plate.)
THE following document, which by
the kindness of a friend is here printed
from the original, becomes interesting
on a consideration of the circum-
stances under which it was framed. It
contains, in the first place, a cata-
logue of the military stores of the City
of Coventry, at a date shortly sub*
quent to a period when there can be i
doubt they were recruited, on tJ
alarm of the Spanish Armada; ai
secondly, a list of those articles whic
wore dealt out to the principal cit
zcns on occasion of their next pabi
do, his superiority was decisively proved. If he carried too far his attachment i
the ' little platoon he belonged to in society,* it was more than compensated by tl
grea^ublic services which through that medium he rendered, and by the diainterestc
part he took in establishing the system of examination for degrees. By this sysw
a new spirit was breathed into the university, and the comparative importance of hi
own college was proportionally reduced, a consequence to which he could not I
blind, but which did not restrain him from promoting zealously what he lelC to be s
act of duty, in all persons enjoying endowments for the encouragement of l*np»ii
and invested with a public trust for that purpose."
* Since the volume was written, the Editor observes that fresh restraints are ia
posed upon him, which tend to make any future publication a matter of naat
tlunty. •
1840.] Armour and Arms of the CUy qf Caoeniry.
349
alarm, about sixteen yean after,
arising from the disclosure of the
Gunpowder Treason. At the latter
period, as is well known, it was part
of the plot of the conspirators, after
they had destroyed the members of
the Royal Family in London, to seize
upon the person of the only remaining
individual, the Lady Elizabeth (then
nine years old), and, under the name
and authority of Elizabeth the Second,
to assume the government of the
kingdom. The Princess was then re-
sident at Coombe Abbey near Coven-
try, under the care of Lord and Lady
Harrington of Ezton ; * but, on the
news arriving in the country, which
it seems was not until the 7tn of No-
vember, she was removed into Co-
ventry for greater safety, and was
there lodged at the house of Mr.
Hopkyns.f
31 Maij 1589.
1 . Ten newe corslettes w*^ head-peeces,
vambraces, taces & coUen.
'i. Eight Almon corslettet w*^ head-
peeces, coUers, vambracei, and taces.
3. Thre corslettes m^ collers, vam-
braces & tacest w^oui headpeeces.
4. One Almon corslet w^^out coUer,
or headpcece.
.*>. One Almon corslet w^^ut coller,
lieadpcece, elbowe or forpart.
h*. One back and brest of an Almon
corslet.
7 . Two old ctMnplet armors.
H. Eleven whit comorrians w^ viq
cresteii.
i). Twelve white Dutche morrians lyned
w*** yellowe buckeram.
10. Fourc black Dutch morrians, one of
them lyned w*^ yellow buckeram.
1 1 . Fourtcne liaskes w*^ flappes un-
»tumg,
1 i. Eleven tuchbozes w*^ stringes.
l.{. Thre dosen of newe flappes.
14. Foure bandeliera.
!.*>. One broken liaske & the topp of a
flask c.
1H. Foure bundles of matche waying
{blanA. )
17. Fourc home flaakes w^^out stringes.
18. Thirtene old swordas w<V>ut ska-
bardes, whereof IQ be broken.
19. Foure old daggars, and ij old dagger
blades.
In the Gailery,
20. Seaventene black comorrians.
31. Two old white sallettes.
33. Foure partizantes.
33. Two holberdes.
34. Foure gleves.
35. One spere poynt.
36. Twenty.two bkck bills.
37. Twentie-two bowes.
38. Twentie-fbnre sheaffe of arrowes.
39. Thirtie-one sculls.
30. Fourtie-one pikes headded.
31. Ten light horsmens staves bedded.
33. Nyne pykes w*N)ut headdes.
33. Twentie light horsmens staves un*
headded.
34. Eleven bill helves.
35. Fourteene short staves.
3b*. Eleven curriors.
37. Twentie-three callivers, wherof y be
broken.
38. Twentie newe flaskes & tutchbozes
stringed.
Ric' Smyth, maio'.
These thinges under written were lent
out the 7 of November 1605, when
the lady Elizabeth laye at Mr. Hop-
kyns.
1 . To m'. Breres iij pikes, i partizant, &
ij black bills.
3. To m'. Sewall y corslettes, iQ pyket,
j partizant, & g bills.
3. To mr. Richardson j corslet, j
pike, ig black bills.
4. To m'. Uowoott iij pikes, j conleti
iij bills, j partizant.
:>. To m'. WaMen y .'pikes, y Uack
bills, j gleve.
6. To m'. Bedford y horsmens stavas,
j corslet, & y bowes.
7. To m'. Graveno' j corslet, y piket,
Sc y billes.
H. To m'. Rogerson iy bills, y pikes, &
one corslett.
9. To m'. Letherbarowe iy bOb.
10. To m'. CoUyns, maio', j partizant it
y halberdes.
* See a letter of Lord Harrington in Park's Nag* Antique ; and also a letter of the
Princess in Ellis's Collection of Letters ; copied in Nichols's Progresses, &c. of JaoMt
I. vol. i. p. 590; vol. iv. p. 106H.
t Of the latter part of the document, a copy was communicated to Mr. Nichols'a
Progresses (iv. 106H), by Mr. T. Sharp, as a Council-house minute. It is there thus
headed, " Delivered forthe of Armory the 7th of November 1605, when the Lady Eliza-
beth laye at Mr. Hopkins." The paragraphs 3 and 10 arc omitted, but in other re-
Kprrts it agrees with the present copy. Mr. Breers (the first name mentioned^ was
M. P. for Coventry, and Ucnry Prince of Wales slept at hit hoow ia 1619, (mir.
of K. Jo. U. *459.)
350 Trained Scldim ai ihe thrwtenid InvMmn ^ 158d. [April,
In further illustration of the same of the memorable yetr 1568* tliowii^
subject we extract from Mr. Gage how a couatrf parish in Saffblk was
(Rokewode)'8 History of the Hundred then armed towards the defimpt of the
of Thingoe, p. 334> another document kingdom :— -
Traynitd Men in Chevynglon the third qf Maye, oa. D'lu 1588.
A: R. Elizabeth XXX.
A pykeman, famished with a corslet of the town, with twwd,
dsggard, and gyrdle of Henry Punan a&d Martia ~
and with the pyke of John Fletcher.
A pykeman, ftimished widi the other oordet of tka ,
with sword, daggard, and gyrdle of Bdward Paman, and with
the pyke of John Bartylmew.
A shotte, famished with a calyver, flask, and tondi-boK «f
the widow Norman, the burgenet of John Bart;^meWy
Henry Mosse.
William Johnson.
Robert Norman.
the sword of widow Norman (def. sword-hilt}, and dagnrd
and gyrdle of John Lynge, Thomas Barnard, and Bobatt
Gooday.
A shotte, furnished with the calvver, flaske, toach-bozt
sword, daggard, and gyrdle of the widow Chapman, aad
genet of Henry Wymarke.
A byllman, funiidhcd with alma3rn ryret, head piaoe,
sword, daggard, gyrdle, and black byll of the widow
A byllinan, furnished with almayn ryret, head piece aad
black byll of Edward Paman, Henry Paman, and MaitiB
Paman. Def. sword, daggard, aad gyrdle.
An archer, furnished with his own bow, iheefe of ariOTi,
Steele capp, redd cappe, sword, daggard, and gyrdle.
An archer, furnished with bow and sheefb of anowa of
Edward Paman and Henry Paman, and with Steele ^p
red cap of Mary Paman, widow ; def. sword, daggaidp
gyrdle.
An archer, furnished with bow, sheefe of arrowa, ■frmic eap,
red cap, sword, daggard, and gyrdle of George Sparrow.
Afterwards, viz. at a muster of trayned soldiers, before Sir John Heigh"* g»*gVt
the \i*^ of August 1595, 37** Elizabeth, new supplies were spoken of, to be thus, ^»
Clement Paman a corslet ftimishod, Henry Paman a calyrer funiiihed, Qeoffo far-
row a calyver fumbhed, Christopher Gooduy and Edmimd Fyrmyn a calyrer fcnsianed.
And then bowmen and billmen were not tilled for, neither was it then pnuMtood to
call for them any more, but yet every ))crson bound by statute law to have the te*
niture for them arc left chargeable still by the same statutes.
John Gooday (he was
removed from this to
the town muskett).
John Lynge.
John Petit (Trowton
was afterwards in his
room).
Edmund Fyrmyn.
Thomas Baxter (after-
ward Gerard was in
his room).
Christopher Gooday.
Mr. Rokcwode 1ms nut accompanied
this curious document with any re-
marks ; but it may be here pointed out
that its postscript is particularly ob-
servable with reference to the decline
of archery. It states that in 1595
neither bowmen nor billmen were
called out ; and, though the law re-
quiring their equipment remained un-
altered, yet it was understood that
they would be demanded again. As a
substitute, two new calivers were
furnished. Only eleven years before
this, when two hundred men were
raised in Lancashire for the Irish
service, eighty were directed to be
furnished ivith calivers, forty with
corslets, forty with bows, and foity
with halberds, or good black biUs ; au
were to have swords and doBRra.*
They were also to " be famiahca with
swords & daggers, and likewioo con-
venient doublets and hose* and alaoe
a cassncke of some motley or other
sadd grenc coUor or rnsaet ; '* thtttr
was to be delivered " to every aoldior,
beinge a harquebusier* two pounds of
good poulder, with convenient wi^^fli
and bullet for the nae of his pesMp and
likewise for every eoldior Vf. of
to provide a mantle in Ireland.
his livery coate, when he ahalbe
* Printed ia Pcck'n Pesiderata Cmloba, and mure recently in Baiaei's lliiiaij if
Jioncashire.
1840.] JfUtafy Cmmm imf. Jmm L S51
aryrcd." At flut p«riod (15M) tht etdinf docuaitiiti, and alio a tmall
following were tht prices of armoar at poqcb for his hiiUets* His only defen-
the city uf Chester : — sive armour is a noricm or headpiece of
The' caliver, furnished with flaske iron ; and he wears a rapier at his side*
and touch box, laces and moalds The second figare, the Pikeman«
xn\8, [yd, wears also a morion, which, in De
The corslet, furnished, xxvii. viiid. Gheyn's plates, is ornamented with a
The morispyke, iii«. plume, bat in the English set, from
The offensive arms of the men pro- whidi Grose's plates are copied, that
vided with corslets are not mentioned, ornament is omitted. He has also the
but it may be supposed they were ar- cnirass or corslet of Almaine riyett,
chers, bringing their own bows. (i. e. of Grerman manufacture,) with
The figure which occurs first in our iron taces, or flaps for the protection
plate,* reriving the fire of his match, f of the thighs, but no Yamhraces, or
IS armed with a caliver. This was armour for the arms. He wears a
a fire-arm which derived its name handsome pair of gloves, which was
from bein^ a harquebuse of a standard not allowed to the other footmen. Hia
calibre ;i it was lighter than the un- pike, of which the point is separateljf
wieldy musket, and could therefore be shown, was about fifteen feet bng; and
fired without a rest ;| and on that ac- at his side is a rapier.^
count Falstaff says, with regard to one The third figure is a Musketeer, die-
of his undersized recruits, " Put me charging his piece, which is supportsd
a caliver into Wart's hands/'H De- from the gtonnd by the rest. The
pendent from the Harquebusier's girdle barrell of the musket was in England
will be perceived his string of match, four feet in length, and its bore soited
his powder flask and his touch-box, to boUets of twelve in the pound. He
both stringed, as mentioned in the pre- wore, suspended from his left shonl-
* These figures are taken from some very qiirited eagravin|S by Jaoques de Gheya ;
of which there are three series, in aaarto : 1. Armed with cahvers, forty-two platos ;
'i. Fikemen, thirty-two plates; 3. Idusketeers, forty-two plates (or theresbonts). The
first plate of each series is engraved ia the first volume of Grose's Militaij Ajitii|nl«
ties : and in his second volume Grose has given a series of the ezenise of Piksmw,
thirty-three figures ; and another of Muweteers, forty-eight figures, evidently de-
riTed originally from De Gheyn's designs, though modified to a somewhat kter style
of costume.
t The word of command to this part of the exercise was, '* Blow off your CoeL*'
\ See in Meyriek's Crit. Inquiry into Antient Armour, vol. Ui. p. 49, iht statesssBt
of Sir John Smith that a caliver was the asme weapon as a harquehnsei only '* of
greater circuite," or bore ; and the aoeount of one Eomnnd York, who was eamloyed
to regulate the militia of London by Queen EUsabeth : ** Before the battle of Moan-
gunter the Princes of the Religion caused several thousand harquebuses to be made,
all of one calibre, which was called Hm'fuehtM dt eMlikr§ d§ Mondmr U Primes i so
I think some men, not understsnding Frenoh, brought hither the name of the hdght
of the bullet of the piece, which word etMkre is yet continued with onr good
nonters."
§ Fosbroke says of the caliver, it *' had a wheel-lode ;" quoting Meyriek as his aa«
thority ; but in tnis respect that author directly oontrsdicts him, for bs says (ill. 4S),
" This was in England, as well as the musket, a OMteh-lock piece ; for, notwithstsad-
xTif^ the invention of the wheel-look, it was too expensive to be used by the common
•oUiiery." It U to one individual spedmen (Mevr. 44) thst the statement " it had a
wheel -lock " apiilies, and to two otners what follows,—*' sometimes a portrait of the
owner on the stock, and a msgaiine for bullets in the stock. It was three feet two
inches long," — that is, the first mentioned is of that length, two others each three
feet. (Meyriek, ibid.) This generalisiag fsom psrticular (and posdbly extraordinary)
instances, is too much the fomt of Mr. Posbroke's work.
U Shakspeare's Henry IV. Pkrt II.
f This equipment egrese wkh the descriptkm of Plkeasen given by John Bingham
in his account of the aimov of the Englishf appended to Us traatlationof the Tsedcs
of iElisa, fol. 16ie.
352
English Arms and Armour. '^Lampaiopharta. [A]iril
der, a bandalier, at the lower end of
which were suspended his leathern bag
for bullets and his touch-box ; and on
either side were strung fifteen or six-
teen charges for powder. His strings
of match hang from the same girdle as
his rapier. The English musketeers
wore iron head-pieces, as shown in the
series Grose has engraved ; but in the
series by De Gheyn they appear in a
variety of those very picturesque hats,
ornamented with bands and feathers,
which occur in other pictures of the
time of James the First, and particu-
larly in the conversation piece of the
Gunpowder Conspirators, representing
the fashion of the very period which
has led to these observations.
It is, perhaps, scarcely necessary to
be added, that the morrians, comor-
rians, and sallettes which occur in the
Coventry inventory, were all different
kinds of head- pieces ; as was the bur-
genet, of which there were two at
Chevington. The morion was a name
applied to those which had a rim round
them like that of a hat, a fashion sup-
posed to have been derived from the
Spanish moors; they had also a ridge
down the front, (as shown in the plate)
which was called the com6, whence the
comorrian, or combed morion. The
sallet was an older name for a steel
cap for infantry, which had the ridge,
but not the rim.* The hurgenet, or
bourgoinct, was a more complete hel-
met, with a large ledge at bottom, en-
abling it to turn on the hauase-col, or
collar.
The partizants, halberds, gleves, and
bills, come into the class of weapon
between a spear and an axe.
The currioi'8, of which there were
eleven at Coventry, seem to have been
a more rare species of weapon. They
were fire-arms, differing little from the
hagbut or harquebuse ; and are men-
tioned once or twice in a letter of Lord
Wentworth to Queen Mary respecting
the siege of Calais.f
The following extracts may here be
appended from the schedule of rates and
prices of armour fixed in London by
Royal Commission in 1631, the whole
of which may be found in the works
of Grose and Meyrick.
«.
If.
T
▼i
iiu
•
in
▼
.
lUi
•
▼1
ii
▼i
Theprieei of the parti qftk§ wkoif CIm
let, or Footman's Armamr^ rmtaeiti
viz : —
The breast
The backe
The tassets
The combd headpeece lyned
The gorget lyned
Thetoun ^ ii .
If the breast, back, and tasteti be lyni
with red leather, the pdce will be i/. iiii
The price of a pike wms 4«. 6d.
that of a new musket, with moali
worm and scowrer, 15«. 6d, ; thati
a harquebuze with a firelocke an
beltc, swivel 1, flaske, key, mould
worme and scowrer, 1/. 16*.; and for
new bandalier with twelve chargei,
prymer, a pryming wyre, a bnllet ba|
and a strap or belt of two inches i
breadth, 28, 6d. It may be added tfai
all the parts of the armour of Charles
reign, as well as the military costnni
of both officers and men, are excellent
ly represented in coIoutm, in the paint
ed glass of a window in Famdo
church, Cheshire, at p. 408, vol. i
of Ormerod's History of that county
J. G. N.
LAMPADOPHORIA.
The custom of illuminating wil
torches or lamps, at certain times i
the year, has been common in man
parts of the East ... It likewise ooi
stituted a particular festival at Atheni
the Lampadophoria, which were cek
brated in honor of Minerva, Pkomi
theus, and Hephaestus.
The remains of this game« I tjiinl
can be now traced in an anaaemcBt i
children in Cheshire and L4mcaahin
where, say four or five, are aitcia
round the fire, a lighted stick is hande
from hand to hand, the one holding i
repeating the foUowine nonsense,
Robin alive, alive it shallbe.
If it dies in thy hand thou saddled *^*" bs
With sticks, stocks, and stones.
And old marrow-bones :
Pr>'thee, good fellow, take to thee.
On its going oat, for it is
about till it doth, the peraon
hand it was in, is immediately n\\»
down, and chairs, tables, atooU, aM
anything for fun, put upon him I'ihm
ending the game. I, ly^ p
* See in Meyrick*s plate LXVIII. four men, an archer wearing a plafan
harqucbusier a sallet, a billman a morian,^ and a pikeman a combed i —
Mary. t Meyricki liL 97.
2
1840.] 353
NOTES ON BOSWELL»S JOHNSON.
(Concluded from Vol, XL p, 133 J
Vol. VIII. p. 146. '' Dr. John Jortin, a voluminoas and respectablA
writer on general subjects, as well as an eminent divine.'* Croker. Thu
account is scarcely precise enough to be satisfactory ; Jortin's Works are
all either critical or theological, with the exception of his poetry; as to
his being ^* an eminent divine/' we quoted, in our number for February
ls39, p. 131, the judgment of the late Mr. Rose on that subject, and we
will now give the words of another well-informed writer. '' The remarks
of Jortin [on Ecclesiastical History] are a vulgar caricature, distinguished
not more for their uselessness, and the absence of every noble feeling, than
for the author's shameful ignorance of the subject which he presumed to
handle." V. Dowling's Introduction to Ecclesiastical History, p. 196. In
this work of Jortin's occurs one of the very first notices of Dr. Johnson
that we have met with. Jortin quotes a passage in Morhof concerning a
dream related by Grotius, Salmasius, and others ; and then adds, '* I am
obliged to Mr. Samuel Johnson for referring me to this place of Morhof.'*
Vide Notes on Eccl. Hist. ii. p. 120. Dr. S. Parr told the writer of this
note that Morhofs work was a great favourite with Dr. Johnson.
P. 117. " Styan Thirlby, a critic of at least as much reputation as he
deserves." Croker. Surely such notes as these impart little information ;
but we will give something more satisfactory. Walchius, in his excellent
work Bibliotheca Patristica, p. 131, speaking of Thirlby, says, "Non me-
(iiocrem negligentiam atque ignorantiam in ornanda ilia Justini editione,
Thirlbius prodidit." Next see the Acta Eruditorum, ann. 1723, vol 42.
where the work of Thirlby is reviewed with great learning and accuracy,
llic reviewer says, " Nihil in ilia Editione apparet, sola inanissima loqua*
citas^ arrogantia, temeritas, nugse, et lascivientis adolescentise lusas,'* and
he ends thus, " De reliquis illius observationibus judicium fieri potest, eum
nempe (|ui J. Martyri illiusque scriptis et interpretibus omniqae orbi
erudito tarn juveni liter, tam impudenter, tarn audacter, tamque pneter
onineni rationeni insultavit, vix aliquantulum boni proferre potnisse."
Consult also Le Clerc's Bibliothk]ue Ancienne, t. xxiii. p. 1. I believe the
elegant Latinity of the Dedication, which the foreign scholars said was not
then common iiv England, and perhaps the extraordinary beauty of the
types, &c. brought this edition into tem|K)rary reputation.
P. 1 ()2. On the subject of the right employment of wealth, Johnson made
these observations : *' A man cannot make a bad use of his money so far M
regards society, if he does not hoard it ; for if he either spends it or lends it
out, society has the benefit. It is in general better to spend money than
to give it away, for industry is more promoted by spending money than
by giving it away. A man who spends his money is sure he is doing
good with it ; he is not so sure when he gives it away. A man who spends
ten thousand a-year will do more good than a man who spends two
thousand and gives away eight." Mr. Croker has justly remarked that
the firnt proposition is too broadly stated^ viz. that a man cannot make a
bad use of his money, so far as regards society, if he does not board
it.* And this may be said of the whole argument^ for money ghtH
* By hoarding, asiiiredly Johnson most mean, not iownp, but bnrying, or locldaf
lip Dionry ; beamie, in the common acceptation of boarding, boarded or taTed moiM]f
ia equally naeful to the community as any other ; being lent out and producing iattrtil*
Gent. Mag. Vol. Xlll. 2 Z
354 Notes on Boswdti Life of Johnson. [Aprilf
may be equally, or more, advantageons to society than money 9pmi ;
but, in fact, all money that is not hoarded must be spent. I ghe ten
thousand pounds to build a hospital. The governors of the hospitel gpeni
the money that I have given.
Johnson saya, " A man who spends his money is sure he is doing good
with it ; he is not so sure when he gives it away." But the good that a
man is sure of doing who spends his money, only extends to the dreulaiisn
of that money ; he can be sure of nothing more ; and it will equally circn-
late when given. I buy goods of a tradesman, or I give money to a poor
and distressed widow and family, who spend it equally in the |Hirchase of
goods. The distinction between giving and spending seems to be a tmtral
one, and not one that is important to society. If I never ghe, I shall be
much more likely to spend amiss. My giving will tend to keep my expen-
diture in a proper line, and under due restraint. The importance to
society is not found in the distinction between giving and spending, but in
the nature of the spending ; in spending so as to reproduce. One man
spends ten thousand pounds on a house ; this money is to bim for erer
lost : another spends the same sum on the improvement of his estate, and
to increase the fertility of his land -, and this same sum, instead of being
lost, is continually multiplying itself, and procuring a further increase <?
the capital of the country.
P. 166. Johnson. — " Raising the wages of day labourers is wrong, for
it does not make tliem live better, but only makes them idler.** Raising
the wages of day labourers, unless the productiveness of the soil is also
increased, would tend to raise the prices of commodities, and thna make
them no richer than they were before 5 but idleness is not the meeesmrg
con8equence of high wages, except in a very debased and cormpt state of
the lower orders.
P. 1 vSO. " That learned and ingenious prelate (Hurd), it is well laiown»
published at one period of his life ' Moral and Political Dialogues/ widi a
woefully whiggish cast. Afterwards, his Lordship having tbongfat better,
came to see his error, and republished the work with a more conatitntioBal
spirit. Johnson, however, was unwilling to allow him fall credit for hii
political conversion.'*
The first edition of Hurd*s "Moral and Political Dialognes" was paUisbed
in 1 759, 8vo. with a curious preface and postscript, omitted in all snbseqaeol
editions. See Johnstone's Life of Dr. Parr, vol. i. p. 315, fisr the alteratioQS
in the different editions 5 also Bibliotheca Parriana, p. 439. "For the
purpose of knowing,'* says Parr, '* whether I had once spoken too severely
of Bishop Hurd, respecting changes silently and gradually made in his
celebrated Dialogues, J carefully compared this edition (1771) with the
former ones, and the result was my connction that I had done the Bishop
no injustice. If I had thought differently, my determination was to retract
and apologise.'* It would appear that Richard Person first acquainted
Dr. Parr with these variations in the different editions; for, in a note to the
Tracts of a Warburtonian, p. 157, he says, " I am told, by one whom I
esteem the best Greek scholar in this kingdom, and to whom the hat ol
Bentley would have ' vailed/ ' that many notable discoveries might be made
by comparing the varise lectiones, the clippings and the filings, the soften-
ings and the vamishings of sundry constitutional doctrines, as they crept
by little and little into the different successive editions of certain lUitieal
Dialogues.* '* Mr. George Dyer has added to the above by ginng the
supposed cause of Hurd's alteration of opinion. ^ Hard was thought s
proper person to be advanced to a Bishoprick ; but the abdicilmi el
1840.] Notes on BoswelVs Ltfe of Johnson. 355
certain obnoxious principles was to be the condition. The first edition of
his Dialogues, therefore, widely differs from the subsequent ones, ' qoantum
mutatus ab illo Hectore.* ** — v. Epilogue to Ignoramus.
P. 182. Maurice Morgan, Esq. "author of the very ingenious Essay on
the Character of Falstaff," &c.
lliis work, called ingenious by Mr. Boswell, is of very superior merit
indeed, and very high praise is justly bestowed on it by Mr. Pye, in his
entertaining notes in his Translation of Aristotle's Poetics, p. 308.
" To recommend (he says) that original and convincing piece of cri-
ticism partially is doing it injustice, since every part of it is replete with
elegance of taste, and accurate and impartial J4idgment.* *' The accom-
plished author of this work died at Knightsbridge, in March 1802, aged 77.
He was Under Secretary of State when the Marquis of Lansdowne was in
power. See sketch of his life in Censura Literaria, vol. iv. p. 178, and
an animated character of him may be found in Symmons's Life of Milton,
p. 122. " When he read over his manuscript to Tom Davies the book-
seller, he was as much diverted as any of his hearers ; interrupting the
lecture by repeated bursts of laughter.*' See Ritson's Letters, vol. ii.
p. 181.
P. 209. '' One might be led from the practice of reviewers to suppose
that they take a pleasure in original writing ; for we often hnd that, instead
of giving an accurate account of what has been done by the author whose
work they are reviewing, which is surely the proper business of a literary
journal, they produce some plausible and ingenious conceits of their own,
upon the topics which have been discussed.'
For this change in the style of criticism the following reasons may be
given : 1, the multiplicity of books inducing persons of education, yet
of engagements too extensive to allow of leisure for examining their re-
spective merits, to look up to some writer, who, at stated times, will afford a
general view of the character and principal points of the subjects treated of ;
2dly, the large remuneration for intellectual labour of a high quality, in*
ducing writers of eminence to engage in this department of literature, who
conceive it more serviceable to their purpose, and also more acceptable to
the readers, to give their original views of the subjects discussed, per-
haps, by inferior writers -, Stilly, when questions of high importance are
examined, and some of pressing exigency, the style engages less attention,
and the argument more. Criticism is not so verbal as it was ; therefore,
there is less matter for remark on the works of authors. Compare a paper
in the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews on Fox*s or Mackintosh's History,
or any other, with the remarks on Thucydides' History by Dionysins of
Halicarnassus, in his Treatise de Structure Oretionis, and the difference
between the spirit of ancient and modem criticism may be observed.
P. 273. " Mrs. Montagu is a very extraordinary woman ; she has a
constant stream of conversation, and it is always impregnated ■**
What was an impregnation in London, however, turned out to be a mere
tympany at Paris. What says Mad. Deffand : — "Je vois quelqnefoit
Mad. Montagu. Je ne la tronve pas trop p^ante, mais elle fait tant d'efforti
pour bien parler notre langue, que sa conversation est penible, J'aime bien
mienx Milady Lucan, qui ne s'embarrasse point dn mot propre, et qui le
fait fort bien entendre. Again : '* La Dame de Montagu ne me d^plait
* There are two good critical pepert in the Lounger, Not. 69, 69, on the characttr
•r FalsUff.
356 Notes on BohwelVt Life of Johnson, [\^rA,
point : sa conversation est penible, parce qii*elle parle difficileinent notre
langue : elle est tres polie, et elle n'a point 6t6 trop p^daute avec mm."
The last account is less favourable : *' Mad. Montagu 8 est tr^ bien com-
portie h TAcad^inic ; elle ne se laisse aller k aucun emportement : c'e«t
une femme raisonnable, ennuyeuse sans doute, mais bonne femnie, crt tr^
polie." Mr. Hallara places her at the bottom of the list of the Shak-
epeare commentators. See Hist, of Liter, vol. iii. p. 580.
P. 273. See some account of Fuote in Polwhele's Memoir8> toI. i.
p. 27-31. He is alluded to in the Lounger, vol. ii. p. 29, No. 49. "Parti-
cular persons may come to be represented on the stage instead of general
characters. Something of this kind was some time ago introduced on the
English stage ; though it may be observed that this mode of writing owed
its success more to the mimic qualities of the author, than to its being
approved of by the taste of the audience.*' G. Colman says, " There is no
Shakspeare or Roscius on record, who, like Foote, supported a theatre for a
series of years by his own acting in his own writings, and for ten years of
that time upon a uooden leg. This prop to his person I once saw standing
by his bedside, ready dressed in a handsome silk stocking, with a polished
shoe and gold buckle, awaiting the owner's getting up. It had a kind of
tragi-comical appearance, and I leave to inveterate wags the ingenuity of
punning upon a Foots in bed and a leg out of it." Cooke's Memoirs of
him is a very poor performance.
P. 277. A catalogue of Dr. Douglas's Editions of Horace was printed
in 1739 j again. Lips. 1775. It contained four hundred and fifty. This
collection was sold at the Chevalier D'Eon's sale at Christie's, Feb. 1813,
VLTider fourscore pounds J Some part of the Douglas' collection was made
for him by Foulis. See Life of Dr. W. Hunter. Dr. Douglas died April 1,
1742, in his 67th year. See Dr. King's Anecdotes of his Own Times for
some account of Douglas, p. 71 . He had no editions of the highest rarity.
See Pope's Dunciad, iv. 394,
** And Douglas lend his soft, obstetric band,*'
with the note affixed.
P. 289. ** Voltaire and Rousseau were less read." lliose who are
acquainted with the curious and extensive correspondence of Voltaire,
know that he invariably ends his letters to some of his friends with the
words ** ecrasez Vinfame ;" nor is it till we become familiar with bis mode
of thinking on matteis of religion, from other passages in his works, that
we can understand its meaning ; — but by '< riufame," he means the
" establishment of the Roman Catholic religion and church — the Jesuits
— the priesthood — the whole of its ceremonies, and all its parts.'*
P. 292. To this long note on the personality of the •' Denl," I shall
add, that Mr. Coleridge (see his Remains) has pointed out the importance
of the distinci ion between the words hiaftoXos and baifiuv in the New
Testament. In another place, in his notes on Luther's Table-talk, he
thus observes. *' Queries.— -I. Abstractedly from, and independently of all
sensible substances, and the bodies, wills, faculties, and affections of men,
has the De^nl, or would the Devil, have a perfect self-subsistence ? Does
he, or can he, exist as a conscious individual, agent, or person ? Shonld
the answer to this query be in the negative, then^ 2d, Do there exist finite
and personal beings, whether with composite and decomposible bodies,
that is, embodied, or with simple and indecomposible bodies (which is all
that can be meant by disembodied, as applied to finite creatnrea), so
eminently wicked^ or wicked and mischievous in so pecoliar a land, at
1840.] Notes on BoBwelV 8 Life of Johnson. 357
to constitute a distinct genus of beings, under the name of Devils ? 3rd.
Is this second hypothesis compatible ivith the acts and fanctions attributed
to the Devii in Scripture ? Oh ! to have had these three questions put
by Mclancthon to Luther, and to have heard his reply !" — Remains^
vol. iv. p. 26.
P. 297. *' I mentioned Jer. Taylor's using in his form of Prayer — * I am
the chief of sinners ! ' and such self-condemning expressions. Now,
said I, this cannot be said with truth by every man, and therefore is im-
proper for a general printed form,** &c. Mr. Coleridge has observed, oa
Henry Mores Explanation of the Grand Mystery of Godliness — Dedica-
tion, " Senorum illius omnium indignissimus,'* " Servus iDdignissimua/'
or '' omnino indignus/* or any other positive self-abasement before God, I
can understand : but how an express avowal of uuworthiness, compara-
tively superlative, can consist with the Job-like integrity and sincerity of
profession especially required in a solemn address to Him to whom all
hearts arc open — this 1 do not understand, in the case of such men as
Henry More, Jer. Taylor, Rich. Baxter, men who, by comparison at least
with the multitude of evil doers, must have believed themselves," &c.
r. Remains, iii. 160.
P. 301. "I mentioned Thom<is Lord Lytteltons vision, the pre-
diction of the time of his death, and its exact fulfilment," &c. See oa
this singular and well-known subject, Maurice's Memoirs of an AuUiofy
pt. iii. p. 29, and Memoirs of Fred. Reynolds, vol. ii. p. iy2*I96^ where
the circumstances are detailed.
P. 30.'). " Mr. Grcville's Maxims, Characters, and Reflections, a book
which is entitled to much more praise than it has received.** The fullest
account of Mr. Greville that we have is in Madame D'Arblay's Life of Dr.
Burney : see vol. i. pp. 24, .56, 112, &c. Also consult Lady M. Monta-
gue's l/Ctters.ed. WharncHfie, vol. iii. p. 102. Some mention of him occurs
in Mad. Dcflfand's Letters. H. Walpole calls it a " wonderful book, by
a moie wonderful author.'* His wife, the author of the elegant Ode to
Indifference, was Fanny Macartney, the Fiora of the Maxims. She was
the mother of the beautiful and ingenious Lady Crewe. Mrs. Montagne
is intended in the character of Melissa^ see p. Ill, and liOrd Chatham ia
that oi Prniittles, p. 34.
P. .'^06. '* Mrs. Kennicott related a lively saying of Dr. Johnson to Miss
H. More, who had expressed a wonder that the poet who had written
Paradise Lost should write such poor sonnets. ' Madam, Milton was a
genius that could cut a Colossus from a rock, but could not carve heads
upon rherry-stones.' " The Sonnet came to us from the Italian poets, by
T\hom it was formed, and was a favourite species uf poetical composition.
There is scarcely a single specimen of the sonnet in the English language,
between the time of Milton and Gray ; but when the study of the poetry
of Italy again revived in England, which during the days of Dryden and
Pope had been superseded by that of France, the sonnet reappeared with
it 'j see those of T. Warton, and of Edwards. Milton studied with atten-
tion the sonnetti of B. Varchi, which are not exceeded in the Italian poetry
by any other. I know of only one sonnet written before the time of Mil*
ton that has his flow and cadence, so different from the style of the Eliza-
bethan sonnet writers — and that is one by Spenser. It begins,
Harrey, the happy above happiest men,
I read ; — that, sittinf like a looker on
Of this world*! atagt, doet note with critic pen
The iharp ditUkei of each condition, &c.
358 Notes on BoswelCs Life of Johnson. [April,
P. 332. '' I dined with him (Dr. Johnson) at Diily*8, where were die
Rev. Mr. Knox^ Master of Tunbridge School/' &c. Dr. Knox iofora-
ed the writer of this note^ that at the party here mentioned Dr. Johnsoii
appeared dressed with considerable care, in a fine laced brown suit of
Clothes ; but having the strongest marks of disease and decay in his ooon-
tenance : — he looked like a corpse !
P. 342. " I argued that a refinement of taste was a disadvantage* M
they who have attained to it must be seldomcr pleased than those who hafe
no nice discrimination, and are therefore satisfied with every thing that
comes in their way. Nay, Sir, said Johnson, that is a faulty notion,'* &c.
Supposing, which however is not the case, that an ignorant man has the
same amount of delight in viewing a daub as an artist has in a picture of
high excellence, yet the advantage of the connoisseur, or man of finished
taste, would still be greater ; inasmuch as his pleasure is founded on
the fixed principles of the art he studies and admires— what Raphael or
Titian has been to him, that they will continue to be ; his pleasure
will be permanent, while the ignorant person will ever be changing in hb
attachments, or, if he improves in knowledge, will desert his former fa-
vourites, and fdter his opinions. It is, as Johnson says, a very paltry,
though common argument.
P. 389. '* Sir George Baker."— This celebrated physician will long be
remembered for his flowing and elegant Latinity ; in which he is hardly
excelled by any writer of our country. See his Opuscula Medica, 1 77 It 8fo.
In his Treatise de Aflectibus Animi, p. 125, in speaking of the effect of
'< Tristitia,** to whom does Sir G.Baker allude in the following description ?
'' Hujusce rei grave nuper exemplum praebuit vir magni in primis, et
preestantis ingenii. Is, postquam Hiberniam suam poesi, leporibusque
Athenis, et eJoquio omaverat, dolens nsqne parem meritis non respondisse
favorem et observantiam, pariterque amicis, inimicis, et sibi iratus, tandem
in exilem hominis imaginem et meram quasi umbram extenoatus est. Cum
autem, prope acta jam atque decursa sctate, prs tanta morum asperitateet
immanitate naturse, mens illi subversa essct ; et ingenium iilud exoelsum,
sublime et eruditum, turpissim^ deliravit ; iilico animatnm senis sibi super-
stitis cadaver nutriri caepit, et pinguescere, ab hospite tam inquieto lilie«
ratum." There is a very clever and classical epitaph by Sir G. Baker, on
Maria van Butchell, whose body was preserved, and is now in Sni^eons'
Hall. It ends thus :
*' O fortunatum vimm ! et invidendum !
Cui peculiiure hoc et proprium contingit,
Apud se habere foeminam
Constantem sibi
Et horis omnibus eandem.''
P. 390. '' As Johnson was undoubtedly one of the first Latin scbolan
in modem times, let us not deny to his fame some additional splendour
from the Greek.*' No doubt but that Johnson was a very good Latin
scholar ; and could compose in that language with ease, if not with
finished elegance, or critical precision. A readiness in using the dnd
languages may exist without any profound acquaintance with the more re-
condite laws that regulate their structure ; and scholars of far more emdition
than Johnson might have yielded to him the palm of rapid composition, or
unembarrased elocution. Neither Sigonius, nor Facciolati, nor Frienabe-
mius, nor even Salmasius, 6 irdw, ever ventured to Cfmvtr$9 in I^t«B
though eminent masters of it« verbal niceties, its most refined and delicate
beauties, and its elaborate and entire construction.
1840.]
The Fire of Sovthwark in 1676.
359
Mr. Urban,
THE name of "The Fire of Lon-
don " is familiar in everybody's ear ;
our thoughts are at once directed to
the catastrophe which occurred in the
year 1666, which is otherwise correctly
described as " The Great Fire." But
"The Fire of Southwark" was one I
Iiad not heard of, when I met with the
following passage in the Diary (or
rather Common-place Book) of the
Rev. John Ward, published a few
months ago.
" Groves and his Irish ruffians burnt
SoQthwerk, and had 1000 pounds for their
pains, said the narrative of Bedloe. Gif-
ford, a Jesuite, had the management of the
fire. The 26 of May, 1676, was the
dismal fire of Southwerk. The fire be-
gunne att one Mr. Welsh, an oilman, neer
St. Margaret Hill, betwixt the George and
Talbot Inaes, as Bedloe, in his narrative,
relates."
On reading this passage, I turned to
the historians of the metropolis, ex-
pecting to 6nd this calamity duly re-
corded ; but I did not find that to be
the case. Whether their sympathies
had been wholly absorbed by the Great
Fire of 1666— or whether they deemed
Southwark not within their province,—
or whether (which is most probable)
this event reallv escaped the notice of
Strype, who, 1 believe, was the first
London historian of any note after its
occurrence, — in either case they keep
a total silence ; and the only notice of
the event that has been found in anv
modern publication is a brief paragraph
in Manning and Bray's History of
Surrey, iii. 549 (and thence transferred
to the recent History of London by
T. Allen) to the following effect : —
" A fire, which broke out 26 May,
1676, burnt the Town Hall and a great
part of the town, in consequence of
which an Act of Parliament was passed
erecting a Judicature* concerning dif-
ferences touching houses so burnt and
demolished ;" the provisions of which
act (formed on the model of the Lon-
don Fire Act) are then described, but
no account is given of the fire itself.
Having made this investigation I now
beg to supply such particulars as I have
been able to glean from contemporary
publications. And first from the Lon-
don Gazette, Numb. 1098.
" London, May 27. Yesterday, about
four in the morning, broke out a most la-
mentable fire, in the Burrough of Souths
work, and continued with much violence
all that day, and part of the night follow-
ing, notwithstanding all the care and en-
deavors that were used by bis Grace the
Duke of Monmoutkf the Earl of Craven,
and the Lord Mayor, to quench the same,
as well by blowing up of nouses as other-
ways ; His Miyesty, accompanied with
his Royal Highness, in a tender sence of
this sad calamity, being pleased to go done
(»iej to the Bridge-foot, in his Barge, to
give such orders his Migesty found fit for
the putting a stop to it ; which through the
mercy of God was finally effected, after
that about 600 houses had been burnt and
blown up."
The next quotation is from Bedloe't
Narrative,t the publication referred to
by Mr. Ward :—
** Several other attempts were made on
Southwark, but without any considerable
effect, until the 26th of May 1676, and
then they fatally acoomplisht their design,
setting fire to the house of one Mr. Welsh
an oylman, situate near St Margaret's
Hill, between the George and Talbot Inns»
* The decrees of this court of judicature are preserved at the office of the Town
Clerk of London. They relate only to such property as was the subject of any dif-
ference between landlord and tenant or neighbour and neighbour, and direct the sur-
render or extension of leases, reduction of rents, exchange of intermixed property, and
other arrangements for rebuilding the houses destroyed by the fire. The extent of the
destruction cannot be accurately ascertained from these records, but they show that
the ravages of the fire extended to both sides of the High Street northwanis from St.
Margaret's Hill, Compter Street, (so called from the Borough Compter which then
stood there,) Three Crowns Square, Foul Lane (now called York Street), and oo
the north side of St. Saviour's Churchyard into Montagu Close, where a bouse
belonging to Mr. Overman was blown up in order to stop its progress. Besides the
Town Hall and Compter, the Three Tuns, Talbot, George, White Hart, and King's
Head Inns were involved in the destruction. It appears fh>m the records that tha
George Inn had been previously in great part burnt and demolished by a violent firv
which happened in Southwark in 1670. — 6. R. C.
t Narrative and Impartial Discovery of the Horrid Popish Plot ; carried on for th«
Burning and Dcstroving the Cities of London and Westminster, with thdr Suburbs,
&r. By Capt. WiUiam Bedloe. fol. 1^9, p. 18.
360
Southwark Town-hall. — Common Seal of Penrith, CApriii
'' Combuitum an, 1676. Reeii^lemtm
annia 1685 el 1686.'*
In Concanen and Morgan's Hittor
of the Parish of St. Savioar's, p. 6S
it is mentioned that when the Hal<
erected after the fire, was palled dowi
in 1793, the royal statue aboTe men
tioned was set np on the Watchhous
in Three Crowns Square, on whid
some wit wrote —
*^ Justice and Charles have left the HiD,
The City claim' d their place ;
Justice resides at Dick West's still ; X
But mark poor Charles's case —
Justice y secure from wind and weather*
Now keeps the tavern score ;
While Charley, turned out altogether,
Stands at the Watchhouse door."
This Watchhouse, I am informed
was taken down a few years since
when the statue was removed to tb
garden of Mr. Edmonds, the snrveyo:
to the Commissioners of PaTements, a
Walworth ; and there it still exists.
Yours, &c. J. G. N.
which broke out about four of the clock in
the morning, and was carried on with that
art and yiolence that it consumed 5(N)
dwelling houses or upwards, many stately
Inns, the. Meal market, the Prison of the
Compter, &c. The whole loss, as to what
was actually destroyed, was modestly com-
puted to be between eighty and one hun-
dred thousand pounds, besides damage to
the inhabitants by loss and interruption of
their trade. St. Thomas's Hospital was
happily preserved, chiefly by means of a
new invented engine for conveying of
water."
Bedloe proceeds to affirm that one
John Groves, recently executed, had
confessed that he was chiefly concerned
in contriving this fire, together with
three Irishmen, procured by Doctor
Fogarthy ; and that for this service the
Popish Society (Richard Strange then
being Provincial) had given a thousand
pounds, viz. 4002. to Groves, and 200/.
a piece to the three Irishmen.
in another publication * of the next
year the same story is thus repeated.
''The next considerable fire was that
in Southwark, which happened in the year
1676. This fire was begun by one John
Groves, who had several fire works made
for that purpose, and three Irishmen that
were his assistants. So prosperous in
their villainy, that they set an oyl shop,
near St. Margaret's Hill, on fire. For
which noble act the said Groves had
400/. and the three Irishmen 200/. a piece
paid them by the Jesuit here in London
that set them on work. However, the
Jesuits were no losers by the bargain, for
by the dexterity of their plundering emis-
saries they got no less than 2000/. ster-
ling by that desolation."
The Town-hall of Southwark,t
which was involved in the destruction,
was not rebuilt for ten years after.
The front (of which a view is pre-
served in Wilkinson's Londina Illus-
trata,) was then adorned with a statue
of King Charles the Second, beneath
which was an inscription beginning : —
Mr. Urban, CariUle, Feb, 1 1 .
I shall be much obliged to yon or any o
your readers if you would inform mn
whether any towns, not corporate, had i
Common Seal. The town of PeDrith, ii
Cumberland, is not known to have ere
had a corporation, and yet it appears U
have possessed a common sesl. This sesi
which is of brass and about 8| indies ii
diameter, was found a few years since ii
digging out an old hedge, near BrampCoi
in the same county. It is supposed U
have been lost by the Soots when retsrB<
ing from one of their predatory ezcarsiooi
in Cumberland. The seal is now in tb
possession of Mr. Bell of IrthiDgton. Tht
inscription is : — Sigillvm CbsifiMnie VUl^
de Penreihf surrounding a cross of St
Andrew (to whom the church is dedicated,'
the spaces between the limbs of which an
filled up with ornaments resemUing qm-
trefoils and trefoils.
Yours, &c. S. Jarpxaaov.
* *' A Compendious History of the most remarkable passages of the Isst 14
years, with an Account of the Plot as it was carried on, both before and aftsr ^
Fire of London, to this present time. London, 1680."
t The Town Hall and Compter, which were burnt, appear to have been part of tfM
Church of St. Margaret, which was granted to John Pope Oct 3, 1545. The CoMptet
was demised by the Corporation to Wm. £yre. High Bailiff of Southwsrk, hy Isssi
dated 35th Oct. 1664, for ninety-nine years if he should so long live and coalimi
Bailiff of Southwark, at a rent of 50/. per annum, which lease was surrendered m par-
suancc of a decree of the Court of Judicature after the fire, and a new Coupler MBl
in Mill Lane, Tooley Street, where it now is. — G. R, C.
t In allusion to a figure of Justice which supported the Lord Msyot's dialr in thi
Town Hall, and was purchased by Mr. West of the Three Crowns Coflse«hoaaay
placed as an ornament at his bar.
3
1 840.]
The Hisfory of Nour-Makai.
361
BIRTH, MARRIAGB, AND AOVBNTURB8
OF NOUR-MAHAL.
[Taken from the *' Histoire de I'Inde/*
by M. de Marl^ Appendix, No. 8.]
EVERYTHING • coDceroing this
celebrated favourite of Jehaogaire is
8o extraordinary, that in reading the
history of her life we seem to be pe-
rusing a Persian tale. The reader,
perhaps, will not be displeased to be
informed of its principal features.
Shaja-Ayas, her father, belonged to
an old but a poor family in Eastern
Tartary. He had married from choice
a young woman who was no richer
than himself. At first the young pair
did not feel their privations, but this
pleasing illusion did not last long.
Being utterly destitute, they tum^
their thoughts toward India, the ordi-
nary resource of such Tartars as wish
to make their fortune. They set oot
without delay ; their whole property
consisting of a bad horse and some
money, the produce of the sale of a
few moveables. The wife, who was
5wme months pregnant, travelled on
the horse with the provisions, while
Shnja walked behind. As they could
only make very short journeys ; their
money was soon exhausted, and they
found themselves altogether withoat
resources, when they arrived at the
border of the great desert which sepa-
rates Tartary from Cabnl.
As they entered on this wild wilder-
ness they felt some irresolution, bat
thev considered that it would be ho-
miliating to retrace their steps, to re-
turn to their own country still poorer
than when they left it, and plunged
into the desert. The fatigues which
they had to endure were innumerable ;
the want of food for three whole dars
had exhausted their strength. The
wife could hardly keep herself on
horseback, the husband dragged him-
self along and could not get on ; the
heat was overpowering, they stopped
at the foot of a solitary tiee, which
they fortunately found, and which
yielded them a little coolness and
shade; but the wife had no sooner
alighted from the horse than she was
taken with the pains of labour ; in a
few moments a little ^irl was bom.
They waited in this spot for some
hours, in the hope of travellers passing
Gent. Mao. Vol. XIII.
by ; but nobody appeared, and as the
sun began to decline thev thought of
setting out again, to reacn the nearest
caravanserai. The fear of becoming a
prey to the tigers appeared to supply
them with a little strength ; never-
theless, it was not without ^^reat diffi-
culty that Shaja succeeded m placing
hiswifeon the horse; but invaih did she
try to take her infant in her arms, she
was so weak that she let it fall. Her
husband in turn made unavailing at-
tempts to carry it in his own ; he could
not walk a step without sinking.
Still the sun was descending toward
the horizon ; night was nearly coming
upon them in this dismal place ; it was
necessary to depart without delay, or
to make up their minds to perish.
After painful conflicts between the
growing tenderness for their child,
and the hard necessity which com-
pelled them to abandon it, Shija made
a bed of leaves at the foot of the tree,
placed his daughter there, and, com-
mending her to Providence, set oat
again with his wife, all in tears. They
had not gone a quarter of a league,
when, overcome with grief, she fell off
the horse, exclaiming, " My child ! my
child I " The unfortunate Shiya found
in his love for her a moment of enercy
which recalled his exhausted strengu.
He helped her up, comforted her, and
promised to bring back her child, and
went to look for her. As he approach-
ed the mournful tree, his reatless eyct
were looking out for the cradle of
leaves. The first object which strack
his sight was an enormooa serpent;
which, with the long folds of hb tail
was pressing the limbs of the child.
Shaja uttered cries of terror and dread ;
nature made a new effort for him,
lending him a vigour equal to his lovo
for his child, and he advanced with a
rapid pace. The frightful reptile,
scared by the voice of Shija, went
back into a hole of the tree, which
served him for a retreat. Shi^ shed-
ding tears of tenderness and Joy, took
up the child unhurt, raised his eyes to
Heaven in thanks, and hastened to re-
join his wife, to whom be related what
had passed. At that moment the noise
of several horses was heard ; it was
some travellers who were going to
Multao. Shaja and hb wife received
help from them which restored them
3A
362
The History of Nour-Mdhal,
[April,
to life ; and thus they arrived happily
at Lahore* where the emperor Akhar
was then holding his court.
An omrah, named Azof- khan, a dis-
tant relative of Sbaja, received him
kindly, and made him his secretary.
The Tartar shewed abilities which
placed him far above a subordinate
employment; Azof presented him to
the emperor, who, being quick at dis-
cerning merit, gave him a command.
Shaja conducted himself so well in his
post that, having attracted his master's
attention, he was not slow in rising to
the highest employments ; he became
at length actimad-ul'dowla, or grand
treasurer of the empire. As he did not
abuse either his credit or his fortune,
he made himself friends and acquired
political importance. His daughter,
who was abundantly gifted with per-
sonal charms, received through his
care the most finished education. She
obtained the name of Mher-ul-NiBsa
(sun of women) ; in fact, she might be
regarded as the ornament and praise
of her sex, both for her beauty and for
her various talents and her intelligence.
As for her disposition, it was proud,
and jealous of independence ; her
humour was lively and fickle.
Prince Selim, the eldest son of
Akbar, and already designated as his
successor to the empire, went one day
to see the grand treasurer, who, to
honour his noble guest, lavished at-
tentions and festivities upon him.
After the banquet, when all the guests
were retired, except the prince, wine
and goblets were brought, and the
women of the haram came to perform
songs and dances. Among them was
Mher-ui-Nissa; she could not see the
prince without feeling a wish to engage
his affections, and she succeeded but
too well. She sang several airs, ac-
companying herself with various in-
struments, and then performed a fas-
cinating dance before him. The prince
was transported ; he burned to see the
features of the person who had excited
such emotions; he imagined, he sup-
posed that she must be as handsome
as her figure, her manner, and her
steps appeared enchanting. What
would he not have given to raise the
tiresome veil which concealed from him
a face of doubtless celestial be»<*^ ■
Mher-ul-Nissa observed *
and read in his eyes the fbeliDga
possessed him. At a moment whe
hb impassioned looka were filed apo
her, her veil slipped^ and fell ol
Mher-ul-Nissa then appeared in d
the brilliancy of her charms. Sh
remained in appearance amaied an
confused at an accident which dii
covered her features to the eye of ;
stranger; her own, disconcerted an
trembling, lifted itself timidly on th
prince, and succeeded in carrying agi
tation to his heart. The love-etnckei
Selim did not conceal from the grand
treasurer the impression he had re
ceived ; but Shaja had promised hi
daughter to the ororah Shece-Afknn
and resisted the prince's entreatiei
Selim then addressed himself to th(
emperor. Akbar would not force hii
minister to break hit word, and h(
forbade Selim to think any more of ai
impossible union. Mner-al-Nisa
became the wife of Shere. He was i
Turkoman, proud of his extraction
of his exploits, and his repntatioo
He had spent a part of his youth ii
the service of the king of Persia, am
had distinguished himself therein b]
extraordinary courage. His renowi
had increased since his uriTal ii
India, and he passed without contra
diction for the bravest oflicer in th
army.
Fearing for his wife, Shere retire
into Bengal, where he was goTemor c
the district of Burdwan, and whil
Akbar lived he enjoyed some repose
but scarcely had Selim ascended th
throne, under the name of Jehangnin
when Shere was summoned to Selhi
As the emperor received him kindly
and even granted him some new dis
tinctions, he flattered himself the
Mher-ul-Nissa was forgotten. H
was mistaken. Jehanguire only though
how to obtain his charmer; hat hi
secret was only known to a few per
sons, and Shere might not be awar
of it.
The emperor set out for the chase
and, according to Asiatic usage, wa
accompanied by all his omrahs, and i
considerable number of officers, sol
diers and servants. An enormoa
tiger, roused by the huntsmen.
toward the spot where the cmwro
happened to be, Shere being
''Is there any one among jtm (hI
1840.]
The History of Nour-Mahal
363
Jehanguire) who is bold enough to
attack this monster alone?" Every
eye was turned on Shere ; but he, who
perhaps suspected the intentions of his
master, made no answer. Three
umrahs then presented themselves to
Jclianguire, to solicit the honour of
the enterprise. The pride of Shere
was stirred ; he no longer considered
the secret design of the emperor, and
mindful only of glory, he offered to
engage with the tiger, close and un-
armed. Jehanguire made a feigned
effort to prevent him from exposing
himself to the dangerous conflict ;
but Shere, hurling his sword,* went
up to the tiger, attacked him, van-
quished and slew him.
Nut long after his escape from this
danger, Shere had to defend himself
against an elephant, who was let loose
upon him in a very narrow street,
through which he was passing in his
palanquin. The emperor was at a
window, and had the mortification to
see Shere victorious again. Unable
any longer to conceal his conviction
that his life was sought, he set out for
his fortress at Burdwan. The emperor
dared not detain him ; but the Soubah
of Bengal, Cuttub, who was in his
confidence, determined to use every
attempt to rid him of this troublesome
rival. Forty soldiers, gained over by
the Soubah, undertook to murder the
husband of Mher-ul-Nissa; they sucr
coeded in getting into his house, and
tvcn into his chamber, where they
found him asleep. One of them, when
the others were preparing to strike him,
exclaimed with a loud voice, ** What !
are you not ashamed ? forty to a man
asleep! Awaken him rather." In
fact Shere woke up, snatched his sword,
slew several of these assassins, and put
the others to flight. The man whose
voice had aroused him from sleep re-
ceived an ample reward.
llie Soubah was only bent the more
on Shcre's destruction. He bethought
himself of making the circuit of his
province, that he might have a plausi-
ble pretext for passing by Burdwan,
without the appearance of design. He
supposed that Shere would come out
* The transUtor is not certain that he
haj» AC4*urately rendered the expression
jfta 9on tpie ; bat cannot find any ezpla-
nation of it.
of the town to receive him, and with
this idea all was planned for the ca-
tastrophe. Shere, indeed, came to
meet the Soubah. A man in the suite
sought a quarrel with him, under the
pretence that he hindered their pass-
ing ; Shere, little disposed to bear this,
threatened to punish the man's inso-
lence, and at the same moment a hun-
dred swords were drawn against him.
Shere saw the danger without being
terrified, and considered its magni-
tude; he might fall, but the traitor
who sought to sacrifice him should
not rejoice in his triumph. Imme-
diately urging his horse toward the
Soubah's elephant, he sprang on the
animal's hind- quarters, broke and
overturned the amari in which Cuttub
was inclosed, and with a back stroke
of his dreaded sword cut off his head.
He then turned his fury against the
others, many of whom fell under his
blows. The assassins were more than
three hundred, and yet they were
afraid of him ; they drew off, formed
a circle around him, and the musque-
teers who were mingled in their ranks
fired several shots at him. Shere soon
saw that all resistance would be un-
availing ; he felt that he must perish,
and resigned himself to his fate. Turn-
ing himself toward Mecca, he awaited
the deadly stroke, and soon fell pierced
with several balls.
Scarcely had Shere ceased to live,
when the Soubah's lieutenant went to
his house and demanding admittance
into the haram, he informed Mher-nU
Nissa that her husband was no more,
and that she was to set out for Delhi.
This fickle woman saw only in the
base assassination of her husband, an
accident which restored her to her
former hopes of grandeur and eleva-
tion. She followed the ofllcer of Je-
hanguire with a feigned distress, and
when she mounted the closed palan-
quin, which was to remove her to the
imperial palace, she could scarcely re-
tain her joy. She was severely pun-
ished for this culpable feeling. Jehan-
guire refused to see her. It is true
that the mother of the emperor re-
ceived her tenderly, but as for Jehan-
guire, whether another passion bad
possession of his heart, or whether h»
regarded Mher-nl-Nissa as the cause
of the death of the Soubah, to whom
he was very partial, or whether he
364
The History of Nour^MahaU
[April,
suffered himself to be influenced by
some inexplicable caprice, — ^he sternly
persisted in his refusal, and even as-
signed to her the worst apartment in
the haram, and appointed for her main-
tenance a very small sum, scarcely
sufficient to supply her with necessa-
ries.
For several days Mher-ul-Nissa gave
herself over to regret and anger ; but
too high-minded as she was to behave
in accordance with the real cause of
her tears, she seemed to shed them for
grief at the loss of Shere-Afkun. When
she saw no change in her condition,
she took courage, dried her tears, and
bore her fate with all the appearance
of calmness and resignation, awaiting
everything from opportunity and time.
She well knew her charms, and be-
lieved herself sure of bringing the em-
peror to her feet, if he could only see
her, but several months passed away
in vain and tiresome expectation. The
mother of Jehanguire, who took her
part, could not overcome her son's per-
tinacity, and at length Mher-ul-Nissa
lost all hope. Then the privations and
the constraint which she endured ap-
peared harder, and wishing at least to
soften the rigour of her confinement
by easy circumstances, she applied
herself to working in embroidery, in
which she excelled. These works were
taken to the apartments of the haram
by care of the sultana mother, and sold
at high prices. Everything that came
from the hands of Mher-ul-Nissa was
in high demand, even in the city,
where the women of the richest om-
rahs sought them at any price. Thus
she acquired the means of furnishing
and ornamenting her apartment, and
maintaining her slaves in considerable
luxury.
Every day and everywhere, Jehan-
guire heard speak of the wonderful
productions of the former object of his
passion. It was already four years
that she had been in the palace. More
than once, without doubt, in this long
interval, he had restrained his impa-
tience to see her. One day, being no
longer able to resist his secret wish,
which, to release himself in his own
eyes from his resolution to avoid her,
he called in mere fancy to see her em-
broideries, tapestries, and dies, which
she had made for lier apartment, he
suddenly went to visit her without any
announcement, or even commanicatioii
of his intention to any one. A single
moment avenged Mher-nl-NissA /or
four years of coldness and indifference.
It was now the emperor's turn to sue ;
rapt with astonishment, transport, and
love, he conjured her to forget his in-
justice, and his outrageons injuries,
vowing to sacrifice all for her, and to
devote himself to her for the rest of
his life.
On the morrow Mher-ul-Nissa be-
came the wife of Jehang;uire ; sump-
tuous feasts, and largesses to tne
people and soldiery, announced the
reign of the new favourite. While
the emperor lived, she presenred the
same ascendancy and influence over
his disposition and heart, and never had
any rivals. An imperial./!rsMm changed
the name of Mher-ul-Nissa to that of
Nour- Mahal {Light of the haram) ;
Shaja, her father, was raised to the post
of grand-vizir, and in that eminent
situation proved himself gifted with
every talent. The two brothers of
Nour-Mahal became omrahs of the
first degree ; one of them, Asaph- Jah,
succeeded eventually to his father, and
was one of tlie greatest ministers the
empire ever saw at the head of the
government. All her relations hasten-
ed from Tartary, as soon as the)
learned by report that prosperiti
had entered the house of Snaja, ani
received employments suitable to theii
merit. However, the elevation of the
father and brothers of Nour-Mahal
excited no jealousy, because they knen
how to enjoy it with moderation.
The foregoing account (which re-
minds us, in its general features, ol
the history of Edgar and Elfrida,) maj
admit of a more favourable construc-
tion in some particulars. The grief ol
Mher-ul-Nissa for the loss of her hus-
band may have been real ; and thf
unwillingness of Jehanguire to SM
her, may have arisen from a feeling ol
remorse. Under this conviction, he
may laudably have preferred stifling
his former passion, and have left it tc
time and future interviews to form i
new one, which would bear a mon
honourable character.
Her elevation took place in I6l0
In 1617 she lost her father, for whoM
death ^he was inconsolable, and de-
signed to raise a mausoleum of silvci
1840.]
On SaHCiuaries. — St, lialo.
365
to his memory. But on hearing a
just remark, that this was not the
way to preserve it to posterity (as it
would be exposed to depredations),
she decided upon one of stone, which
still exists at Agra.* Her subsequent
history is wound up with that of Hin-
dostan. During the rebellion of the
injured Mohabet-Khan, when she re-
paired to his camp, where the emperor
was detained, that officer (who re-
garded her as his inveterate enemy),
thought of putting her to death, and
was only dissuaded by the tears and
entreaties of J ehanguire. His friends
reproved him for his generosity, which
they treated as weakness, and the
event justified their representations
too well, for not long after she sent
one of her slaves to assassinate him
in the emperor's apartment. Jehan-
guire, however, warned him of his
danger, and advised him to seek his
safety in flight ; a price was then set
upon hib head by the vindictive em-
press, contrary to her brother the
vizir's wishes. Mohabet prevailed
nn the vizir to bring forward the
prince Shah- J than, who had married
his daughter, as a claimant for the
throne, but the sudden death of Je-
hanguire, from an attack of asthma,
saved the nation from the horrors of a
civil war (1627). It was not till 1645
that she followed him to the tomb.
" Too haughty (says the historian) to
appear at court without aathority,
power, and influence, she, who had
formerly governed the empire, had
shut herself up in her palace at La-
hore ; and to impress others with the
belief that this choice of retirement
was not a concealed vexation, the de-
voted herself entirely to study. She
probably lived more happy or less
agitated/' (vol. v. p. 160.) She was
buried at a place called Shah- Dur rah,
about two miles south of Lahore, near
the tomb of Jehanguire, but without
any inscription ; to have composed
one, when her memory was held in
little respect, would have been a diffi-
* M. de Mv\6ut who states this at vol.
T. p. 101, says at p. 1S6, that Shija is
buried at Lahore. Both aooouuts may be
true ; for he may have been bnried in one
place, and a monument erected to bis
memory at another.
cult task. Beside her tomb is another,
nearly in ruins, which is said to be
that of her confidential female atten-
dant. Ctowxli.
Mr. Urban,
Fe&. 20.
I AM not aware that any English,
or indeed any foreign writer, has in-
vestigated the subject of Sanctuaries,
such as they formerly existed, at full
length. Nevertheless, copious mate-
rials exist for such an inquirv, and
the subject is connected with tne his-
tory of almost every country, during
the Middle Ages. This remark is
suggested by a circumstance which
occurs in our own history, in the
reign of Edward IV. That monarch,
in bis fear of Henry of Richmond, en-
deavoured to secure his person in Bre-
tagne, under plausible pretences of
attaching him to his interests, by
giving him one of his daughters in
marriage. Francis H. Duke of Bre-
tagne, had nearly fallen into the
snare, when Cheulet, one of his coun-
cil, opened his eyes to the treacherous
intentions of Edward* and the Duke
accordingly dispatched his minister*
Laodais, to prevent their taking
effect. What followed, I shall give
in the words of Miss Roberts, in her
History of the Houses of York and
Lancaster. — " The delay of an hour
would have changed the destinies of
Henry Tudor, upon the point of em-
barking at St. Maloes, to meet a
doubtful fate ; his voyage was arrest-
ed by the joyful interposition of tha
Duke's faithful servant ; a stratagem
was necessary to recover him from
the grasp of. Edward: the ambassa-
dors were secure of their prixe, and
Landais engaged them in conversa-
tion, whilst Pembroke and Richmond,
apprised of the Duke's change of
measures, hattmied hUo Saneimarw, and
remained protected by the inviolable
privileges of their asylum until this
returq of Edward's messengers to
England." Vol. ii. p. 151.
M. Delaporte, in his Recheidbia
sur la Bretagne, vol. i. has appropri-
ately introduced this event into that
work. He adds, that the ambant
dors demanded the rcstoralioii of
Henry's person from Landais, but
that he replied it was impossible.
366
On Sanctuaries in Bretagne and in England.
[April,
"since the town of St. Malo was a place
of asylum/' and that they departed
in great anger, (p. 292.) And he men-
tions^ that Conan III. of Bretagne,
(who died in 1148,) is said to have
given the privilege to that place. At
p. 268, he enters more fully into the
subject : he derives the institution of
sanctuaries from the reign of Theodo-
sius, and says that it dates, March
23, 431 ; but he omits to say, that
the person meant was Theodosius II.
In 398, the Emperor Arcadius had
enacted, that the (Economi of churches
should discharge the debts of such
creditors as the ecclesiastics refused
to deliver up. This proves its anti-
quity ; and in fact the usage may be
traced up to Paganism, and even to
Judaism, for the cities of refuge were
sanctuaries in cases of accidental ho-
micide. In 431, Theodosius enacted,
that the churches should be open to
persons who were in danger, and that
these should be safe, not only near
the altar, but even in all the buildings
which formed a part of the church,
provided they entered unarmed. This
law was owing to the profanation of a
church at Constantinople, where a
number of slaves took refuge near the
sanctuary, and maintained their posi-
tion, by arms, for several days, when
they slew themselves. In 466, the Em-
peror Leo, by a law dated the last day
of February, forbade the forcing of per-
sons away from sanctuaries, or molest-
ing the bishops or the (Economi for the
debts of the fugitives, for which the
law of Arcadius had made the latter
responsible ; Charlemagne, however,
ordered by the capitulary of 779* that
criminals who deserved death should
not be protected in the churches ;
though in that of 778, (which was in-
tended for his Saxon subjects,) he re-
cognises the privilege of sanctuaries,
which are to serve for refuge to such
as seek it, nor are they to be condemn-
ed to death or mutilation ; hence it
seems that capital punishment was
evaded by taking refuge. The pre-
ceding particulars are extracted from
Macquer's Histoire Ecclesiastiquc,
a work drawn up in annals, after
the model of Henaull, 2 vols. 1/57.
(Anonymous.)
M. Delaportc, with reference to
such as existed in Bretagne* renuurb,
that " They were places, whitfaar per-
sons withdrew who had commitUd
crimes, and whence they could not
be taken for punishment \ their clothei
were marked with a croaa. Places
which were noted for the residence or
the penitence of some celebrated saiot,
were regarded as sanctuaries ; of this
number was the town of St. Bfalo,
because it had formerly served aa tiw
retreat of several saints."
In Bretagne these sanctuaries were
called minihi, a term of doubtful ori-
gin. " Some (says M. Delaporte,)
suppose that the etymology of this
'Word is mane hie, remnin here ; others
say that it comes from two CcUic
words, which signify monk' 9 komm;
and others derive it from the Celtic
minichi, which means immediately."
(Franchise.) Le Gonidec, in bii
Celto-Breton Dictionary, 182 1 » spelU
it menechi, and says, " I have no doabt
that this word is composed of sieaseft,
the plural of manacn» monk, and of
/t, house; menachi; therefore, mut
mean originally, monastery, house of
monks." He explains it by aaik,
franchise, Ueu de rrfnge, thus lagreeiog
with the second and third opinions re*
lated by M. Delaporte, whose first is
much less probable. A few circnm-
stances may be added, concerning
their restriction and abolition. The
Dukes of Bretagne often complained
to the Pope, of the abuses which these
sanctuaries caused. In 1451, April
10, Cardinal d'Estouteville. the pspsl
legate, made a regulation by which
their number was diminished in that
province. In 1453, Pope Nicholas V.
commissioned the Abbot of Redon to
order the bishops of Bretagne to re-
strict the rights of asylum to churches*
thereby depriving monasteries of it.
" Subsequently (adds the historian)
they have justly been suppressed en*
tirely."
Macquer mentions, that a boll is
extant of the year 1488, by which the
Pope (Innocent VI i I.) restricted the
privileges of sanctuaries in England,
at the request of King Henry VII.
"These privileges (he remarks) had
been carried to the greatest aboie,
without considering that thus more
favour was allowed to crime than nal
368
Font of St, Georges, Soufhwark. — Gothic lUng.
[April,
place in the workhouse amounting
nearly to the rebuilding of the struc-
ture, the old font was thrown aside
among the discarded rubbish of the
building, as not suitable to the dis-
cipline of the new system ; and it
would without doubt have been con-
signed to the repair of the road, if a
gentleman, who takes a lively interest
in the history of the parish (Mr.
Griffiths) had not by accident heard of
its original use, and determined to
preserve it.
It would have been creditable to
the parishioners if they had deem-
ed it proper to restore this ancient
font to its proper station in
their parish church, again to be
applied to the sacred purpose for
which it was designed ; but, as they
did not consider it worthy of their
attention, it is pleasing to find that it
has been rescued from destruction,
and is likely to be safely preserved
by the care of Mr. Griffiths.
It is somewhat extraordinary that
the font should be in such good pre-
servation after the vile use to which it
has been applied for upwards of a cen-
tury ; but it is observable in this, as
well as every ancient production, the
best materials were used, and in con-
sequence such works will stand se-
cure from the effects of time, neglect,
and ill usage, whilst modern structures
formed within memory, are from tbe
unsoundness of their substance already
crumbling into decay.
The general form of this font is oc-
tagonal, and from the appearance of the
shaft, which is square at the base, and
ingeniously formed into an octagon by
mouldings at the angles, it had origi-
nally, in addition to the present mem-
bers, a square plinth. The basin
has a panel in each face inclosing a
small flower, the mouldings are sim-
ple, and less expense appears to have
been bestowed on it than is usually
seen in old works.
The date of its construction may be
about the reign of Henry VIII. The
church being entirely modern, and
little historical matter having been
published concerning the old edifice,
there is no means of ascertaining the
exact date of the font, but the work-
manship is not# earlier than the period
above assigned. The old church under-
went a thorough repair in 1629» (New
View of London, vol. i. p. 245,) but
4
the font 1^ evideDdy older ttu dui
period. '
On pulling down tbe andent ttei^
in 1733, a fragment of ad inecriptMi
was discovered, which Is preecrved n
Pegge's Sylloge, p. 56, whidi appevi
to relate to the laying of the fint
stone either of the uiareh or iteeple;
but judging from the engriTing ii
the above work, it was to ftr owii*
lated as to afford little infonnt-
tion. Mr. Pegge states that ht
received the copy fruin the Re?.
Mr. Lewis of Margate, and oopiet
appear also to have been exhibited is
the Society of Antiquaries, by Mr.
Frederick in 1734,. and Mr. AmeiiB
1737> and it is also engrarsd u Ar*
chselogia, vol. ii. pi. xiii., and illoi*
trated by observations made by Mr.
Gough. This stone has not bcoi pre-
served in the parish, and it woold be
satisfactory to know whether it aov
exists. E. I. C.
Mr. Urban, Oj/oikI, Fe4. 10.
A GOLD ring was found a fev
years since in Rhdsilly sands, is
Glamorganshire, beariog two inscf^
tions, or poaia, in a lang^nage hitberts
supposed to exist only in the IfoBiO*
Gothic version of tbe New TestaasaC
by Ulphilas. But as ^e Westcra or
Saracenic Goths were settled in Spaia
for many centuries, — say from the 5di
to the 8th, — we may condode thcv
carried their language with them ; and
some of them mav have crossed tbe
seas, or passed through France into
South Britain. Certain it is, tbat
these inscriptions, though perhaps
from the hands of a Gentilizing Jew,
are in pure Zumeraet Goikie, They
here follow :
1. ZARA ZAI DE ZBV£L,<<
See the Sun ! " (On the outride.)
2. DE BAL GVT GVTTANI, -
Sun (Baal) is the God of the Goths ;
'' the God of Gods." This Istiar
was in the inside of the ring, ■»>d
with the Heathen mythology of W<
Europe.*
It should be added tbat a
vessel was wrecked about a
ago near this 8pot.t
Yours, dec. , J.
L
* See Hermes Britamuciis, te«
f But it does not leem
such a circumstance sboold £a«e
nezion with the history of tbe lii^.
1840.] Mr, Hunter on the Orthography of Shakeipeare.
369
Mr. Urban, March 1*.
SIR F. Madden, p. 203, objects to
my having called the new orthography
" unsightly." 1 will tell you why 1 so
call it. It is not that there is any thing
really less pleasing to the eye in the
combination of letters which forms
Shak8j)prp, than when by another
combination we obtain Shakespeare. It
is not that the one is simply new. But
that it exhibits departure from long
established practice, without any real
advantage being gained, and also
without, as I conceive, a due conside-
ration of all the circumstances which
ought to have been taken into account
before so violent an innovation was
made, and I venture to add in opposi-
tion to the law, by which affairs of
this kind ought to be determined. It
is " unsightly," because it suggests a
short and sharp pronunciation, when
in all our poetry, and there is much
fine poetry in which the word occurs,
it muHt be read with at least the first
syllable long and grave : and it is " un-
sightly," because it carries with it (at
least it does so to me) an appearance
of exact knowledge and minute atten-
tion without the reality. 1 am sure
that neither Sir F. Madden nor Mr.
Hrucc will interpret this in a manner
to be inconsistent with the high respect
I bear thiMn. To my eye, I repeat, it
comes like the wordn/acor and honor,
which one may sometimes see; proofs
that the writer of them has seen a
certain way into the history of the word
further than the generality, and has
paid attention to the principles which
determine our orthography, but that
be has not seen far enough. And theie
are the things which render the word
to me " unsightly."
I have "(aid that there is not an
adequate advantage gained by this dis-
turbance of an ancient practice. So
far from it, I see not the smallest ad-
vantage, and there are certain positi' «»
disadvantages, one of which issugije^t-
e<l by Sir F. Nladden himself, lie tells
us that he "is in much perplexity liow
to write the name of the great Reformer
of Lutterworth." Now this arises
r/ii>//y from Mr. Baber having com-
mitted on this name, that which has
been committed on the name of Shake-
•^pcare. There may have been here and
till* re a fanciful or a careless person
Gk.nt. Mao. Vol. Xlll.
who might write it otherwise ; but
the great body of English authors wrote
the name with unanimity, }V%ckl\jft,
till Mr. Baber chose to print the name
cut down to Wiclif. Before Mr.
Baber's edition of the version of the
New Testament appeared with thu
name fVicltf, no writer would I think
have found himself in any Btate of
perplexity.
But in determining the question
whether we shall continue to write
the name Shakespeare, or adopt the
proposal to change it for Shakspert, it
is not the sightliness or the unsightli-
ness of either, or the advantage or dig*
advantage of the change that ought to
determine us : but whether there are
sufficient reasons shown for the inno-
vation. A habit, though persevered io
for two centuries and a half, may be It
bad one, and evidence may spring up
at the expiration of two centuries and a
half, which may convict the persons
who began and continued the practice;
of being in error. This, and not thi
advantage or the sightliness of the pro*
posed change, I willingly admit to be
in this instance the material point.
llie habit, however, of writing the
name in the form for which I have of
late contended is of very respectabla
origin. The first time in which, as far
as our knowledge at present eitends^
that name appears in print, it is in the
form Shakespeare, printed by the poet
himself. It would seem as if this were
sufficient authority for all other persons
to do the same. But we are told to
consider it a typographical error, or
a conceit of the printer. This is tha
sheerest conjecture, and few conjec-
tures can be more improbable. Tha
name of an author is the last word In
which typographical incorrectness may
be expected to appear, when tM
work is passed through the press by
the author himself. But obsenre^
when next the poet prints one of
his works, we find his name in the
same orthography. What are tha
chances that a typographer will twica
blunder in the same word ; or that a
typographer will force upon an author
liis own fancy respecting the node in
which that author shall print his own
name ?
\Vc begin therefore with the pott
himself, and from the time when he
3B
370
IMr, Hunter on the Orthogrttphy of Shakespeare* [April»
first appearetl as an author there is a
current of usage, and ifyou will, of testi-
mony, unbroken or nearly so until we
approach the times in which we our-
selves have lived. It is this concurrence
of the whole community, which con-
stitutes the uaagp, the authority to
which in questions of this kind I
apprehend we ought to defer. Sir
F. Madden alittle misunderstands what
I mean by usage. I shall go into the
point no further than to say that when I
spoke of usage as the great authority
in questions of orthography. I meant
that great Jus et Nt/rma which deter-
mines not this only but all questions
of verbal propriety, the consent of the
cultivated portions of society, which
consent is not disturbed by the acci-
dent of there being a few persons who,
like a celebrated lawyer, with his
autority, shall make themselves in some
point exceptions.
Having thus shewn that when first
the name was presented to the public
in the pages of a printed book it ap-
peared in the form Shakespeare, and
that this was under the eye of the poet
himself, who, in another work, per-
sisted in presenting the name in the
same orthography, and that therefore
we have what surely is an authority
which on a first view at least ought
to be commanding ; I next observe, that
in every book printed during the poet's
life-time, whether his own single plays,
in the publication of any or all of
which he may or may not have had
any concern, or the writings of con-
temporary poets, the name, if it oc-
cur, with scarcely an exception, is
printed Shakespeare, and never Shak-
spere. This is surely a strong reason
why we should so print it, unless there
is some very commanding reason indeed
to determine us to the other practice ;
and especially when it is considered
that the persons so printing it were,
many of them, his own friends, and
all those whose practice is justly to be
esteemed the practice or usage of the
cultivated persons of the time. Who
shall say that Jonson, or Jonson's
master, Camden, during all their lives
mis-wrote the name of the friend at
least of one of them ? Ought not their
testimony, or rather the usage by
them, when it is supported by the
usage of numberless other writers
of the time, to leave withoat excuse
those who would depart from the
poet's own printed authority ?
Go then next to the generation who
succeeded him, or rather to other per-
sons whose testimony comes afler the
poet's death. Have we Shahmere on
the monuments at Stratford? The name
is Shakespeare, except on the monu-
ment of the poet himself, where it
is Shakspeare. When Heminge and
Condell published the collection of
the plays, they were the plays of
Mr. William Shakespeare, In the se-
cond edition the orthography is the
same, and so in the third and fourth.
When Milton wrote the verses on
Shakespeare, his orthography is the
same, and it is clear that he meant the
name to be so pronounced :
*' What ! needs my Shakespeare for his
honoured bones
The labour of an age in piled stones/' &c.
From this time for more than a cen-
tury onwards, there was, I believe, a
uniform practice of writing Shake-
speare, with or without the final e, but
Shakspere, I conceive, is never to be
found ; and it so continued till the
time of the commentators of the last
age, to whom it became known that in
the parish register of Stratford, in the
records of the corporation of that town,
and in other written evidence, the name
appeared in a great variety of ortho-
graphical forms, which is indeed the
case ; and it being found that in the
majority of these forms the first sylla-
ble wanted the e, and that sometimes
the form Shaxpere was found, from
whence it was inferred that the pro-
nunciation of the first syllable was as
that orthography suggests, the e was
struck out, and accordingly in Reed's,
Malone's, and other editions, the
name of the author appears in the form
Shakspeare,
The very diversity in which the
name presented itself when seen in
wi^itten documents, ought to have con-
vinced them that written documents of
that age are not the kind of anthority
to which an appeal in questiona of this
kind is to be made. Every person ac-
quainted with the mannscnpt of the
Elizabethan period knows that there
is extreme licentiousness and want of
uniformity in the orthography, and
1840.] Mr, Hunter on the Orthography of Shakespeare,
especially in propet names. A set of
documents has lately passed through
my hands of the sixteenth year of
Elizabeth, in "which the name of a
Yorkshire esquire is written in five
several forms, Thurgarlande, Thurger-
kmde, Thurgerland, Thurghnd, and
Thnigland, This diversity shews that
they were committing themselves to a
very insufficient authority, and it
would have been, I conceive, to the
credit of the critics of that age if they
had discerned theunsuitablenessofthe
toord written as a guide, especially
when placed in opposition to the word
printed. They should also have re-
membered that there are two modes of
pronouncing many words, surnames
amongst the number, that of the vulgar
and that of the cultivated, and that it
was most probable that the writings at
Stratford presented what was the pro-
nunciation of the vulgar, Shaxpere,
while the printed books of the author
presented the name as pronounced by
the author and his friends of the better
sort. If it had also occurred to them
to look at the poetry in which the word
occurs, they would have seen at once
that the Stratford pronunciation and
the Stratford orthography never could
have been that by which Shakespeare
was known or could wish to be known.
Read only the verses of Ben Jonson,
or those written in noble rivalry of
them, signed by the unappropriated
letters, J. M.S. Could these writers
mean that the name should be pro-
nounced as the new orthography sug-
gests, and as the modern critics in-
tended who first struck out the e from
the first syllable? Or read this couplet
of Digges, and see if it is possible that
he can have intended to have the word
either written or pronounced Shak^
spere, —
** But why do I dead Shakespeare's praise
recite,
Some second Shakespeare must of Shake-
speare write.'*
And so of later poets. What would
Churchill say if he knew that he could
be supposed guilty of such an offence
against euphony as to have written, —
*' In the first seat, in robe of various dies,
A noble wildness flashing from his eyes.
Sat ShakspereJ**
But enough of this. The innovation,
however, found favour. When 1 en-
tered life ShaJcspeare was the fo
which the name was usually w
Sir F. Madden, I doubt not, is
right when he says that I have m;
printed it. In fact I have printet
three several forms, not thinking
upon the subject till roused by th<
posal of the new novelty of Shak.
and entering myself into the coip.
of the professed critics on this j
author. But I find that, in a
work of mine printed in 1829>
name is uniformly printed Shakesp
It now seems to me that a s
ought to have been made against
innovation of 1 780 or thereabouts,
though this, as every deviation f
any established practice is sure to
found favour with many, yet th***
were still a faithful few who adhered to
the ancient and accustomed practice ;
and I beg leave to name, as in thU
respect particularly deserving of ho-
nour, Mr. Pickering and Mr. Rodd, in
whose books the name is 1 think, uni-
formly found in the original form
Shakespeare.
" But the Poet himself wrote the name
Shakspere, and, therefore, we ought to
do the same." This is the main argu-
ment on the other side, and, therefore,
it must be fully considered.
The position which I take here
is this : (I) that there is not sufii*
cient evidence that he did so uni-
formly and designedly ; and, (2) that,
if there were, this would not be a
sufficient reason for disturbing the
orthography which he used in his
own printed works, which is the form
in which his contemporaries exhibit
the name, and which till lately had
the support of the usage of all men of
cultivation.
(1) There is not sufficient evidence
that he did so uniformly, or in other
words that he did not indulge himself
in that carelessness about the form
of writing the name, of which we find
so many examples. There is very
much force in the remark of Mr. Bur-
gon, p. 265, that there is no proof of
what was his practice in writing dur-
ing the first forty-nine years of his
life, and he died at fifty-two. It seems
also that two of the alleged auto-
graphs of the name are not now to be
produced, and when we consider what
tricks have been played with Shake-
speare documents, and that thei'e are
372
Mr, Hunter on the Orthography of Shakespeare. [April,
sHll documents of no small importance
OM connected with his history, by many
deemed genuine, which only wait their
day,yre must not too readily acqui-
esce in testimony to the reading of
instruments which cannot be pro-
duced. Mr. Burgon suggests that the
signatures to the different sheets of
the Will can hardly be counted as three
independent testimonies. Yet these
five, together with the autograph in the
Montaigne, are all the autographs of
Shakespeare that are known to exist.
So that the testimony of his own
hand-writing, originally weak, be-
comes very much attenuated indeed,
and cannot be thought, (at least so it
seems to me,) sufficiently strong to es-
tablish an invariable practice, when
against it we have to set that in his
own printed works he prints the name
Shakespeare,
But on the signatures to the Will
more is to be said. I do not doubt
that the name as written in the Mon-
taigne at the Museum is a genuine au-
tograph. It seems to me to speak for
itself, as being of the time, and
to be so like the signatures to the
will, as to deserve to be regarded
as the autograph of the poet. But
there is no absolute proof that it is
not the autograph of some other Wil-
liam Sbakspere of the time. The sig-
natures to the will cannot be disputed.
They are his beyond all question. But
how is it, if he was tenacious of that
mode of writing his name, that he suf-
fered the name in the body of the in-
strument to be written differently and
did not correct it, when the corrections
in the Will are so exceedingly nu-
merous ? 1 shall one day shew how
much misread by all who have printed
it, has been one clause of this well-
known document ; which I am happy
to say has lately been carefully and
most judiciously repaired, by Mr.
Musset of Doctors' Commons. But
the most remarkable circumstance
respecting these three autographs re-
mains to be noticed. It is, it seems, by
no means certain that the name is
written Shakspere, I read in your
last number, p. 262, that Mr. Rodd
and Mr. Dyce, on the 3rd of February
last, inspected the original will with
a view to the determination of this
very question, and that " after a most
patient and minute examination of the
signatures by the aid of a power*
ful magnifying glass, they both Mt
perfectly convinced that it is written
in each instance, Shakepeare, the eon*
tested a in the second syllable being,
in fact, as clear and well defined as
any other therein." ThU announce-
ment must have come with a kind of
surprise upon the persons who have
introduced this novelty into their works.
If then the three signatures to the Will
depose to another orthography, then
there is evidence that the poet wrote his
name diversely, if the name in the Mon-
taigne be his, which I would by no
means be understood to express a
doubt of; and therefore there is no
ground whatever for asserting that be
uniformly wrote the name according
as it is now contended it ought to be
printed, and as a consequence no
ground from any usage of his own for
disturbing the long-accustomed prac-
tice.
But, (2) were there any stronger testi-
mony than allowing it the full force
which Sir. Frederick Madden, in hit pa-
per in the Archsologia, gives to it, I
should still contend that there was not
in this sufficient ground for disturbing
the established practice. First, on ac-
count of the variety of forms in which we
find the same name written, and even
when written by the same person : and
secondly, on account of the mnltitude
of changes which we must now set
ourselves resolutely to make in the
mode of writing the names of the men
of Shakespeare's period, if their own
orthography, and not the usage of the
cultivated and intelligent, is to be the
guide.
But before entering on this part of
the subject, let us state briefly the ac-
count as it stands. Taking it first on
the supposition that Mr. Dyce and
Mr. Rodd have been both mistaken,
v^'hich is hardly possible, we have then
the three signatures to the several
sheets of the Will, the name in the
Montaigne, and the name in the two
documents not now to be produced :
all it is said, Shakspere : and per con-
tra, we have the name as printed
by Shakespeare himself in two of his
works. Again, suppose that Mr.
Dyce and Mr. Rodd have read the
Will correctly, then we have three in-
stances in which the poet writes Uie
name Shakspeare, in a docomeDt of
1840.] Mr. Hunter on the Orthography of Shakespeare.
S73
indisputable authenticity, and on the
other side two signatures said to be
Shakspere in two instruments which
cannot now be inspected, and the
name in the Montaigne. That is,
there is no proof that he wrote his
name uniformly, but on the contrary,
proof that he indulged in that licen-
tiousness which was the fashion of
the age.
The rule which Sir F. Madden would
establish is very simple, very intelli-
gible, and on a first view seems to be
a sound one. Show me how a perwn
irrolp his name, and I am bound now
no to print it. But I have shown that, if
this irt a rule, the historical families
of Grey and Dudley must at least in
a very eminent member of them, ap-
pear with their names in a very dif-
ferent orthography to that in which
wc find them everywhere printed. It
must no longer be Lady Jane Grey,
but Lady Jane Gray or Grave, and
when she becomes a wife Lady Jane
Duddloy. I mentioned that name as
the first which occurred to me. But
the number is great of historical per-
sonages whose names must henceforth
be written differently from the form in
which we have been accustomed to
Hce them, and which their descen-
dants use, if the rule contended for
be good for anything. Sir Heury
Cromwell of llinchingbroke for in-
stanre, wrote in a formal hand Ilenrpe
(rumircU; Sir Jlcnry Nevil of Berk-
-hire, Jtenri Xprelt ; and Sir Kdward
Hastings of LticeHlcrshire, hid. lia^t-
tyiujes. 'i'he whole family of the Saint
Jolins, or at least the more eminent
members of it, wrote the name usually
^fynt .fohn. And what shall we do
with the people who took the liberty
of writing the Christian name of John,
Ikon, of which I have seen Kcveral in-
ittances, and among them ibthatof John
Lilly the dramatist. But I will con-
fine myself to printed and publi&hcd
Mitographn of men of tlie time. If tlie
works of Shake8|>eare are to appear as
llie Pictorial Shak»pf»re, so in The Pic-
torial History of Enylaml, consistency
requires that when it reaches the reign
of Elizabeth we should find Philippe
aidnty, H. Leycester, Penbrokc, E.
Clfmton, Francyi Enyle/yld, W. Hauley,
vor some otlier of the many orthogra-
phietf,) toM or Ftilkc (for there arc
Mb,) UrttyU or QrtM, for there are
both, Martin Frobiser, and ArbeUa
Seymaure. In fact, when once exa-
mined, the rule ceases to be a ruk.
Under it " Motley would be your only
wear.**
Mr. Bruce, p. 164, in remarking on
the argument raised on the signatures
of the family of Grey, states that it
is of little force because the name be*
fore the time of Lady Jane waa
uniformly written Grey, and Lady
Jane only fell into a feishion of the
time peculiar to persons of elevated
rank, of writing in new and some-
what fantastic orthographies. But
with submission I cannot find that
there was ever that uniformity which is
assumed in tlie mode of writing this
name. Long before the days of Lady
Jane, it a|)pears as Grey, Gray, Graye,
Graa, and Cra. In fact, there never
was a period, till the art of printing
gave a degree of stability unknown
before, in which there was any ap-
proach to uniformity in the orthogra-
phy of pro|)er names. The indexes to
the Record books will make thii
manifest to every one. Again this af-
fectation, if affectation it were, waa
not |)eculiar to persons of elevatad
rank. Persons of far inferior dignity
to the familv of Grey, and approaching
nearer to the rank of the family af
Shakespeare, often wrote their namee
in a manner very different from that
which U now the universally received
orthography. The Drydens of the
reii^n of Elizabeth were Dreydem,
1 tru<)t, then, Mr. Urban, that ithaa
now been shewn that there never has
l>oen any sufficient reason for disturb-
ing the orthography of which the poet
himself in his own printed works set the
example, which was generally used
among Itis contemporaries in their
printed works, and which long coa^
tinned to be the unvaried orthography
of the press. I must not intrude further
upon you, but 1 beg again to call at-
tention to the havock which roust he
made of some cf our finest poetry, if
we are to pronounce the honoured
name of Shakespeare in the manner
in which both the new orthographies,
Shaktpeare and Shaktpere, suggest.
Allow me, now, to ask a question :^
1 low did thisname of Shakespeare ajri^}
I'hdt is, how has it happened that a
family became thus designated : There
arc few names with which it can be
374
Mr. Bruce on the Orthography of Shakapere, [April,
classed : Breaksppar, IVagstaff, Shake-
shitft, and Drawsword, arc all which
have occurred to mc, and it is possible
that some or all of them may not really
be composed of the elements of which
on a first view they appear to consist.
And again, what is the earliest period
at which the name is found in Kng-
land ? I have not succeeded in tracing
it to an earlier period than the close
of the fourteenth century, when 1 find
it in Warwickshire.
The following curious allusion to
the name is found in Zachary Bogan's
additions to Rous's Archaologia At-
tica, 5th edit. 4to., 1658, p. 321 :
"The custom first, nakXeiv, to vibrate
the spear before they used it, was so
constantly kept, that *Ey;(«WaXof, a
Shake-spcare, came at length to be an
ordinary word both in Homer and
other poets to signify a soldier."
Yours, &c. Joseph Hunter.
P.S. — I was not aware till I read
Mr. Rodd's remark, p. 260, that I
could have been supposed to have
meant to intimate that he was
a joint-editor of the Pictorial Shak-
spere with Mr. Knight. The remarks
on the chronology of the pla)*^ prefixed
to the play of King Henry the Fifth are
said in the book itself to be a joint
work of Mr. Rodd and Mr. Knight.
1 referred to them to shew that only a
few months ago Mr. Knight had pub-
lished his opinion, being supported
by Mr. Rodd's, that the Tempest was
a late play ; while, as soon as my
disquisition appears, Mr. Knight con-
tends that to the early period to which
1 have referred it, Mr. Coleridge bad
long ago referred it in an arrange-
ment which, from the tone in which
Mr. Knight speaks of it, we must
suppose that he most highly approved.
Beyond this 1 know of no connection
of Mr. Rodd's with this work, nor
did I mean to intimate that there was
any.
Mr. Urban,
THE orthography of Shakspeue is
important, because it involves princi-
ples which are extensively applicable,
and the proper application of which is
a question of some interest. I con-
tend for the affirmative of two propo-
sitions.
First ; That a man's own mode of
(spelling his own name ought to be fol-
lowed ; except his practice^ in tliat re-
spect, has been continuously various,
or he has departed, without good
reason, from an orthography previously
well-ascertained.
And second ; That, as an educated
man generally knows his own name,
the testimony of his autograph signa-
ture is the best evidence that can be
obtained.
In applying these rules to the case
of Shakspere I contend for the uni-
formity of the poet's signature tcponol/
tfie occasions that have yet &em cKa-
covered, 1 distinguish the latter clause
by italics, because it involves the main
question raised by the communication
of Mr. Burgon, inserted in your last
Magazine. Mr. Burgon's treatment
of me is very like a manoeuvre virhich
is extremely common amongst contro-
versialists ; he mistakes my argument,
refutes his own mistake, and then fan-
cies he has obtained a victory over me.
He treats me as if I were a dummy,
plays my game for me, loses it, and
leaves the standers-by to infer what a
poor hand I am.
Mr. Burgon says,
** The syllogism on which those who
advocate the adoption of Shakspere pro-
ceed, is evidently this. The poet invaria-
bly wrote himself * Shakspere/ — names
are to be spelt as their owners invariaUy
spelt them ; therefore ' Shakspeare ' is
to be spelt Shakspere : and this would be
all very well, and very conclusivei ff it
were true ; i)\it itis not true. The premi-
ses are unsound from which the conclasion
is drawn. In the first place there is no
])roof that Shakspeare invariably spelt his
name Shakspere^ as I will presently more
fully explain ; and in the second place we
do not spell names as their owners inva-
riably spelt them."
If this were really a statement of
what I wrote, I know not how I could
have been sufficiently grateful to Mr.
Burgon for taking the trouble to put
my very imperfectly arranged argu-
ments into such a pretty, logical form ;
but — fortunately for me — J can relieve
myself from the burthen of so much
gratitude, as well as from the stigma
of having stated what " is not true."
I began my former communication
by referring to the number of signa-
tures of Shakspere known to have ex-
isted— six — and I then stated <*We
rest upon the continued and consistent
usage of the great Bard liiinaelf, and
1 840.] Mr. Bruce on the Orthography of Shakspere,
375
upon his unvaried signature of his own
name, vpon all the occasions that have
YET been discoi^ered.**
Now who does not see that when
Mr. Burgon represents this as an as-
sertion that " the poet invariably "
wrote hiraself " Shakspere " he over-
states what I wrote ; and when, after
commenting upon the six signatures,
he proceeds with an air of triumph —
*♦ Let me ask, what kind of proof have
we here that it was the invariable practice
of the poet to write his name Shak8])ere ?
We do not possess, as far as we know, a
single scratch of his pen during the whole
of his theatrical career; namely, from
about 1585 to 1613. In other words there
exists no proof whatsoever of the as-
sERTKD uniformity of his practice in this
particular during the first forty-nine years
of his life!! ! "—
who, I again ask, does not see that
Mr. Burgon is here refuting his own
mistake, and not my statement ? I did
not assert that the poet's signature was
INVARIABLY Shokspeve ; I said nothing
about the first forty. nine years of his
life. My argument was — we know of
six iiignatures — they are all alike — they
are the best evidence — as far as they
go they evidence an uniformity of sig-
nature, and we follow them.
So much for the major of Mr. Bur-
gon's syllogism ; now for the minor.
He says that I contend that "names
are to be spelt as their owners invari-
ably spelt them," and his answer is,
that 1 am wrong because " VVc do not
spell names as their owners invariably
spelt them." That is, I have asserted,
or rather Mr. Burgon says I have as-
serted, that a certain practice ought to
prevail, and he replies that I am wrong,
because it docs not prevail. This may
be logic — 1 dare say it is as Mr. Bur-
gon employs it — it is obviously nothing
more.
It is quite clear, Mr. Urban, that by
such means as Mr. Burgon has used,
anvthing may be achieved. Allow a
man to state his opponent's argument
for him, and in so doing to misstate it,
and to shew that black is white, is
nothing to the wonders he may accom-
plish. With half the liberties which
Mr. Burgon has taken with ray argu-
ments, many an ingenious gentleman
would have proved his opponent to be
the man-in-the-moon« or a green
cheese, or anything else that suited
his fancy. I look upon it as extremely
kind in Mr. Burgon that under these
circumstances he has merely placed me
befoie your readers as an assertor of
what " is not true."
There must in this matter, as well
as in every thing else, be a something
which is right, and, for my own part,
I am only anxious to discover that
something, and, when it is discovered,
to follow it. To tell me that " we do
not spell old names as their owners
spelt them," that " we never inquire
how they were spelt by them — we
spell them as our fathers spelt them,"
and so forth, is rather to reiterate
my objections than to answer them.
When a practice is shewn to be con-
trary to reason, what sort of argument
is it against a change, that we are not
in the habit of doing what is right, —
that we follow our fathers and never
inquire ?
Nor am 1 at all afraid of following
out anv rule which I have ascertained
to be reasonable, just, and applicable.
It seems to roe a very little matter that
adherence to a good rule would extri-
cate us from confusion at the small
expense of adding an / to Cecil,* or
an e to Mason, even if it would do so,
which, at this present time, I am not
inclined to inquire. When the period
for making that inquiry arrives, every
case must be judged by its own facts,
as to whether it is within the rule or
not. Of the instances adduced by Mr.
Burgon, many are clearly answered
by the rules I have laid down, but
even if that were not bo I should remain
quite unterrified by any of the con-
templated consequences. There is
nothing which alarms me in CeciU;
nothing frightful in Mountague ; no-
thing unsightly in Leycester. If
there were, I care not. Satisfy me
that they are legitimate consequences
from a rule which is clearly right, and
1 should adopt them without hesi-
tation.
• ^Tien Mr. Burgon asks—" What
would be thought of a person who chose
to spell Sir WiUiam Cecil, Ctcill ?** he
treats that form of spelling the name of
our great statesman as if it were more en-
tirely obsolete than it is. It lives on the
title page of llaynes^s State Papers pnb-
lishea in 17-10, and also on that of Mar-
dln*i Collection published in 17^9.
376
Mr, Bruce on the Oriho^raphy ofShakqtertm
[April,
This, however, is not Mr. Burgon's
opinion; and he seems therefore to
have fancied that the puhlication of
his letter, and his exposure of the
dreadful consequences which he con-
ceives likely to ensue from the Shak-
spere heresy — (the conversion of
Cecil into Cecill and so forth), would
produce a great change in our opi-
nions.
*' I suspect, (he says,) and cannot sup-
pose I err in suspecting, that Mr. Bruce,
and those who entertain the same opi-
nion as himself, must henceforth adopt
one of the" three following courses ; —
1st, return to Shakspeare . . . 2ndly,
stick to Shakspere . . . orlMly, be cousist-
ent, and revolutionise the whole system of
orthography of proper names. The third
would be an impracticable, besides a very
disagreeable alternative ; the second cari'
not be adopted without manifest incon-
sistency * I therefore beg leave to recom-
mend Uie first alternative."
Any recommendation from Mr. Bur-
goo will of course be received with
due attention. As the third of his
suspected results is said to be very
disagreeable, I rejoice to find that
it is also impracticable ; being both,
there is no necessity to take any
further notice of it. Why the se-
cond is inconsistent, or with what
it is inconsistent) I do not know, nor
does Mr. Burgon explain : italics
render a passage emphatic, but do
not necessarily make it clear. I am
most anxious to escape any thing
like inconsistency ; and, if that would
be the result, would do every thing
in my power to take advantage of Mr.
Burgon'a recommendation — but let us
see what he says in favour of it. He
advises us to lay aside our revolution-
ary opinions, and sink quietly down
into Shakspeare, and he follows up his
recommendation by the statement of
nine "circumstances," which he re-
quests us to bear in mind.
Thej5r«/ relates to the autographs,
and the substance of it is — three of the
signatures are to the will, they arc
considerably damaged, and being ap ■
pended to one document are entitled
to only one vote ; two others were
not clearly Shakspere, and they have
disappeared ; all the signatures to-
gether do not prove that it was the
inranahle practice of the poet to sign
5
Shakspere, 1 have before shown that
I did not say that they proved any
thing of the kind, nor has anybody
else said so. I contend that three
signatures are three signatures, whe-
ther attached to a will, or anything
else. If they arc not entitled to any
more than one vote, then what is the
meaning of all the fuss that is made
about the want of clearness, for it is
nothing more, in the third of them ? I
saw them a few days ago, and I am
happy to assure Mr. Burgon that thev
are not " considerably damaged.
The first only is imperfect; but, by
the assistance of M alone 's/ac-atmt^.
it may still be read very clearly ; the
second is plain, perfect, and unques-
tionable ; the third is as complete as
ever it was, but certainly the last
three letters are shaky and indistinct.
If gentlemen on the other side could 6nd
a clear second a in any one of them, I
have no doubt they would sever them
quickly enough. They would be hot
too happy to prove, in that case, that
these signatures are entitled to more
than one vote ; and why should thev
be entitled to less when they tell
against them ?
As to Mr. Burgon 's criticism upon
the two autographs to the deeds, it
admits of a short reply. It has been
clearly and satisfactorily answered by
Sir Fred. Madden, in his paper in the
Archscologia, xxvii. 120. Mr. Burgon
takes no notice of that answer. Why
is this? When the brains are beaten ont
of an argument, why should it not be
allowed to die ? It is neither courteous
nor convenient to resuscitate it if once
defunct. Mr. Burgon's remarks about
Grpy and Gray are in the same predi-
cament. Either controvert the argu-
ments which have been adduced
against those instances, or withdraw
thcni. I should fancy, Mr. Urban,
that your pages might be filled more
profitably than by mere revivifications
of arguments which have been refuted.
There is nothing here in favour of
Shakspenrc : but let ns pass on.
Circumstance 2nd is, that Shakspere's
name, placed under the dedications of
the first editions of his poems, stands
" William Shakespeare." This is an-
other resuscitation ; a fact which has
already been commented upon and
answered. But the oddity of it is.
1S40.] Mr. Bruce on the Orthography of Shakupere.
377
that Mr. Bargon, who recommends
us to adopt Shdkspfarf, in order to
avoid inconsii^tency, should direct our
attention to this instance of a diflferent
orthography. Shakspere's dedications
of his poems are subscribed Shake-
speare ; therefore, to avoid incontU'
tency, Mr. Burgon recommends us not
to copy that example ! If his name
subscribed to these dedications has
anything to do with the question, why
does not Mr. Burgon follow it ? if not,
why does he re-recommend it to our
conbideration, after we have already
given our reasons for not being guided
by it ?
The 3d circumstance is, that a single
autograph in the form of Shakspeare
would destroy the only argument ad-
duced in favour of Shakspere. I do
not know that it would ; but de non
fxistentibua et non appareniibta eiidem
ett ratio is a sound rule in law, and I
believe also in logic. Does Mr. Bur-
gon think that we should forsake a
practice which is consistent with what
we know, because we may possibly
some day or other find something or
other that may run counter to it ? If
that is not his meaning, what is it ?
The 4th circumstance is, that it was
not coxcombry and affectation, bat
indifference, that led men in Shak-
spere's age to spell their names several
different ways. I cannot accept the
compliment which, in stating this
circumstance, Mr. Burgon pays to my
antiquarian knowledge at the expense
of my honesty. I adhere to what I
have stated ; and if I am anything of
an antiquary, which Mr. Burgon is
polite enough to say I am, I suppose
our assertions are upon a par.
The 5th circumstance is Mr. Bur-
gon's home-thrust. He says that the
parish-clerk spelt the name of the
poet's family in the register Shaktpere
twenty- seven times out of thirty;
but he adds that, in 1616, Shakspere's
l>eloved daughter spelt his name on
hin monument as he (.Mr. Burgon)
spells it, Shaktpeart ; and that some-
body or other in 1623 spelt the poet*s
wife's name on her tomb Shak^enre,
and that the same orthography occurs
again on the tomb of Dr. Hall in
1635, and on that of Shakspere's
daughter, Mrs. Hall, in 1649. What
do these alleged facts amount to ? I
read them thus : — on the one hand
Gent* Mag. Vol. XIII.
the parish-clerk, — I write the singular
upon the authority of Mr. Burgoo,
who knows, I suppose, that there was
but one parish-clerk from 1558 to
1623 — the parish-clerk wrote Shak-
spere twenty-seven times out of thirty,
and the bard himself, I beg to add^
wrote so upon every occasion that we
are acquainted with; on the other
hand the bard's-beloved-daughter's-
stonemason inscribed Shaktpeare on
the bard's monument, in 161 1 ; and
the bard's-beloved-daughter's-stone-
mason, or somebody else's stone-
mason, inscribed Shakespeare, in 1629,
and the same, or some other stone-
mason, or stonemasons, inscribed the
same in 1635 and 1649. Shall we
then follow the parish -clerk and the
hard, or the stonemasons ; and, if the
latter, which of them ? Mr. Burgon
prefers the bard's-beloved-daughter'a-
first- stonemason : — why, does not ap-
pear.
The 6th circumstance is, that in the
first folio the name is Shakespeare ;
therefore, to avoid inconsistency, Mr.
Burgon would not have us speU it in
that way.
The 7th circumstance it, that it is
rather odd that the printers did not
spell the bard's name as he spelt it ;
agreed, — but that is no reaton why
we should not. Mr. Burgon, to avoid
inconsistency, would have ua differ
from the bard, and also from the ma-
jority of the printers.
The 8th circumstance is, that it ia
$tiU more <h/(/ that Shakspere'a frieoda
did not spell it as he spelt it. Per-
haps so, but why should not we ? If
printers, friends, notaries, lawyen^
lawyers'-clerks, and all the othera
whom Mr. Burgon enumerates, are of
better authority than the bard himself,
they ought to be followed ; but they
are various, and, therefore, they can-
not be followed, except we throw
aside all rule and be wholly indifferent
about the matter, as Mr. Burgon, cut-
ting the throat of his own argument,
tells us they were.
The '9th, the last, and the odd§§i
thing of all, is, that the autographs
should never before have suggested
this controversy. Like many other
very odd things, all that this assertion
wants is accuracy. I refer Mr. Bur-
gon to your vols. lvii. 24, 125, 204,
478, 480, and 689, ux. 494, lxxii.
3C
378
Mr. Bruce on the OrthografHiy tf Shaktp&e. [AjMril,
i. 310, and lxxvii. i. 498, ii. 98, for
proofs that this is not a new question.
It would seem from one of those papers
that much was then written upon the
subject in various publications.
Of these nine circumstances the
great majority are mere resuscitations
of defunct arguments ; but admit them
all, — printers, players, friends, stone-
masons,— take them all together, with
all their varieties and contradictions ;
I oppose the positive, and, as far as we
know, the uniform testimony of the
poet's hand, and am willing to abide by
the decision of your readers as to whe-
ther the inconsistent and contradictious
rabblement do not kick the beam. Above
all, — and this is more germane to the
matter with Mr. Burgon, — there is
not one of them which, directly or in-
directly, does not contain an argu-
ment or a precedent against Shak-
speare, the form which that gentleman
would have us adopt. He must in-
deed be the most heroic of mankind ;
one who not only holds by an opinion
in defiance of his own arguments, but
who even seeks to make converts by
the influence of facts which tell against
him. In these days of concession it
does one's heart good to meet with a
specimen of such fine old English
pertinacity. These powerful "nine*'
prove Mr. Burgon and the other fol-
lowers of the bard's-beloved- daughter's
-first-stonemason, to be clearly wrong ;
and yet he wishes us to follow him.
He cuts the ground from under him-
self, and would have us accompany
him in his descent. If we will not
join him he will fall alone, for he has
determined that he will " always write
the poet's name Shakspeare." Far be
it from me to disturb the happy equa-
nimity of his settled faith, nor indeed
do I think it within my power to do
so. If he can resist his own arguments
he is unconquerable.
Mr. Burgon concludes with some
well-meant advice. If we will not
forsake the bard for his beloved-
daughter 's-first-stonemasoD, Mr. Bur-
gon would, at least, have us imitate
his example. His way of defending
Shakspeare is by adducing proofs in
behalf of Shakespeare : he advises us
in like manner to defend our con-
sistency by declaring that " we know
we are inconsistent." We are much
obliged to him, and in return I beg to
tender to him a little of my advice.
I am astonished that having, as it
appears, determined — coUte qui coite —
to adhere to Shakspeare, he should
have taken upon himself to reply to
me. Gentlemen of his very decided
turn of mind should keep themselves
out of controversies, which are, or
ought to be, disputations carried on
for ,the purpose of arriving at truth.
But how can truth be arrived at with
an opponent who meets you at the
outset by a declaration that he will
not alter his opinion ? Prove that he
has mistaken facts, — it is no matter ;
that his arguments are overstrained,
unfounded, inapplicable, — it is to
no purpose. He shakes his impene-
trable head with most edifying ob-
tuseness, or files off upon the wings
of some of those extremely subtle
distinctions in which gentlemen delight
who argue for victory, and not truth.
A controversy to be conducted upon
such terms cannot be beneficial, and,
with all friendliness, I advise Mr.
Burgon to consider well before he
enters further into it.
And having thus made my bow to
Mr. Burgon, permit me to add a word
or two upon the subject of the auto-
graph signatures to the will. Since I
read Mr. Rodd's letter in your last
Magazine, I have carefully examined
them, and I most unhesitatingly and
emphatically declare my conviction
that there is not the smallest trace of
an a in the second syllable of the first
or second signature. The third signa-
ture is no doubt a difficult one ; but in
my opinion the confusion in it arose
either from the correction of an in-
cipient mistake or from the tremulous-
ness of the writer's hand. I do not
think it was intended for an a. In
stating my opinion upon the first and
second signatures I do it without
hesitation, as the first can be made out
very easily, and the second is as clear
as can be. Upon the third I speak with
more diffidence. The question to which
it gives rise is one which ought to
be determined upon the testimony of
men better skilled in the handwriting
of that period than I feel myself to be,
and even the most skilful are not un-
likely to be misled by their preposses-
sions. Sir Frederick Madden's ex*
1 840.J
Mr. Corney on the Autograph of Shakspere,
379
perience In such matters adds infinite the orthography of the period. Now,
weight to his judgment, which, as you
know, has been given with equal
clearness and candour; and I am
authorised to state, that Mr. Rodd's
opinion respecting the first and second
signatures has astonished him beyond
a compositor with a MS. before him is
always more or less a critic— some-
times a pertinacious critic ; and the
orthography of the period was re-
markable for a superabundance of
vowels. No man of experience in
measure. I attribute the mistake to the labours of editorship can deny
that abominable magnifying glass : it the truth of the former remark ; and
is a clear case of optical illusion. 1
am, Mr. Urban,
Yours, &c. John Bruce.
Mr. Urban, Greenwich , March 1 8 .
THE preface to your last volume
contains a grave admonition on the
blessings of peace in the world of let-
ters,— and you now open the field to a
host of combatants ! I do not, how-
ever, mean to tax you with inconsist-
ency : it is only a new proof of the
magic of the name of W, Sh,
I have had frequent occasion to re-
flect on the orthography of names, chiefiy
with reference to the places which
should be assigned to them in diction-
aries of biography ; and 1 submit to
your correspondents, rather as an ex-
perimentalist than 'as a dictator, two
aphorisms which bear on the contro-
versy : —
" 1. Names not recorded by the in-
dividuals should be spelt as in coeval
histories and documents. If such au-
thorities vary, and there is no prepon-
derance of evidence, as in the best re-
cent histories.
" 2. All other names should be spelt
in conformity with the practice of the
individuals. If the specimens vary,
autographic evidence is to be consi-
dered as superior to printed evidence ;
and if there is no other preponderance
of evidence, the decision to be on the
bide of posteriority of date."
It remains for me to apply these
a|)horisms to the point in dispute. We
have three principal modes of writing
the name of our dramatist ; ] . Shake-
speare, 2. Shakspearc, and 3. Shak-
spere.
I. Shakespeare.— We have no au-
tographic authority for this form — nor
does It receive, \n a single instance,
the sanction of the Stratford Register.
Be it admitted that I'tmua and Adonis
in l')0:i, Lucrera in 1504, Richard /if,
l.'»9^, the Merchant of Venice in
in
l6fX), &c. exhibit it. We must bear
in miad the habita of compotitor9« and
in proof of the latter, I shall produce
John Stowe: "Qtieene Elizabeth reigned
44 yeares, 5 monetfis, and odde dayes."
While such a system prevailed, the
poet might indeed write Shakspere —
but, I conceive, the compositors would
have it Shakespeare. Once in print,
there would be every chance of its re-
petition— for the compositors would
not be over-apt to criticise their own
work. The poet, moreover, may have
acquiesced in it. The Comedies of 1623
have this mode in ev^ry instance. The
circumstance, remarkaDle as it is, seems
to have been the result of chance
rather than design — for the names of
the editors themselves, which appear
only thrice, vary ! We have John He-
mi nge — John Hemmings ; and Henry
Condell — Henrie Condell. The arms of
the poet afford no evidence, for the
grant was to his father; and the
shake-scene allusion of Robert Greene
(first detected by the ingenious Oldys)
is of the same stamp. We might with
as much reason contend, on the au-
thority of a certain pictorial pun, that
the new translator of Demosthenes De
Corond was once my Lord Broom,
2. Shakspeare. We have no tneon-
trovertible autographic evidence in
favour of this form ; but it has, in
three instances, the sanction of the
Stratford Register. It also appears on
the monument of the poet. This
might be deemed valid evidence, — bat
the monumental inscription of his
widow has Shakespeare ! — I return to
the autographic evidence. The two
signatures to the deeds of 16I3 are ab-
breviated, and therefore unsatisfactory*
The three signatures to the will are
controverted. Between the tracing
made by Mr. Steevens in 1776, and
the engraving published by Mr. Gough
Nichols in 1829, some deterioration ia
evident, — yet the disputed a in the se-
cond syllable is much more visible ! 1
almost suspect the autograph had been
touched on.-*This second mode has be-
come nearly univerial. It hat pre*
380
Document t elating to the He former Wyclyff.
[Apift
vailed, because it was believed to have
autographic authority. The principle
was sound ; and with superior infor-
mation the result would have been
critically correct.
3. Shakspbbb. — This form has,
with only three exceptions, the sanc-
tion of the Stratford Register from
1558 to 1623. It is that of the only
dutinct autograph of the poet — which
was written in, or subsequently to,
the year 1603 ; and it appears to be
that of the signatures to his will in
1616. If, in behalf of truth, we can
divest ourselves of the influence of
early associations — if we can resolve
to suppress the feelings of literary
clanship— and if we prepare ourselves
to encounter the inconveniences of
reform— the superior claims of this
latter mode must inevitably be ad-
mitted.
Whenever I ask you, Mr. Urban* to
do me the /avor to insert a communi-
cation, it is always converted into a
favour ! To this pertinacious habit on
the part of compositors in ^ome
instances, and to imitation in others,
I conceive we should ascribe it that
the name of the bard of Stratford has
been printed otherwise than William
Shaksperb.
Yours, &c. Bolton Corney.
Mr. Urban^ isth March.
SIR Frederick Madden's demand for
" six genuine autographs " of the great
Reformer of Lutterworth, (p. 264,) is
ironical : for who can exfkct the pro-
duction of autographs of the fourteenth
century ? But, as I have been always
puzzled in writing the name of that
glorious individual, and (if I rightly
remember) one of his biographers,
Lewis or Baber, hath shown fourteen
different ways of writing it, I beg
leave to furnish a document, which
seems to me to have as good a claim
as any other to decide this doubtful
point, by directing us to write " John
Wtclyff."
It is a copy (on which I have acci-
dentally alighted at this moment) of
an original account that I discovered,
in the summer of 1837» among the
Miscellaneous Records of the King's
Remembrancer, at Westminster. I do
not believe that the document is in the
Reformer's handwriting; it having
been the ancient practice of the derkt
of the Exchequer to ingroM tht parotia
for accountants in that court. Hit
subjoined is a literal translation : tht
transcript I shall hand over to Sir
Frederick, for use in a memoir of tht
first translator of the Bible into Eng.
lish, which (I presume) he will prefix
to the version, now passing through
the press, under his able tnperin-
tendence. W. H. Black.
("translation).
** Parcels of the account of Master
John Wyclyft, Professor of
Theology, of his receipts, wages
and expenses, in going as the
King's Envoy (eundo inNumeium
Regis) 1 toward the parts of
Flanders, for dispatcaing the
King's affairs there in the 48tii
year. [48 Edw. III. A.D. 1374.]
** The same rendereth account of 60/.
received by his own hands, at the Receipt
of the Exchequer, from the Treasurer and
Chamberlains, upon his wages, on the 31st
day of July, in Easter term, in the 48th
year. " Sum of receipt — 60/.
'* The same accounteth in his wages, at
20s, by the day, from the 37th day of
July aibresaid, in the 48th year, on which
day he took his journey from London to*
ward the parts of Flanders, in the affkirs
aforesaid, unto the 14th day of September
next following, on which day he returned
thither; to wit, in going, tarrying, and
returning, by 50 days, both days reckon-
ed,—50/.
*' And for his passage and repassage of
the sea, in the same voyage, (viagio,)"^
42*. M,
" Sum of expenses— 5S/. S«.
•* And he oweth— 7/. Ifif . 9</."
(W. H. B.)
Mn. Urban, ^^'^f ^.f'""'^''
AS the last number of your Maga-
zine is embellished with an engraving
of Heme's Oak, 1 take the opportu-
nity of making a short reply to some
statements which have appeared as to
the identity of that celebrated tree,
since my letter on the subject inserted
in your January number of last year.
1 allude more particularly to some re-
marks in Mr. Knight's delightfully il«
lustrated edition of " Shakspere,"
vrhen referring to Heme's Oak in the
Merry Wives of Windsor, a play
which has been embellished and com-
mented upon in the happiest m aimer.
I am ready to admit that I was in
1840.]
On the Identity of ffdrne's Oak.
381
error respecting the old foot-paths
across the Little Park at Windsor, but
this circumstance does not, I think,
weaken my argument as to the iden-
tity of the present tree. My argu-
ment rests upon the following facts.
VIZ. :•
That his late Majesty George the
Fourth constantly asserted that Heme's
Oak had not been cut down by order
of George the Third, but that it was
still standing.
That I have been personally assured
by a member of the Royal family, not
only that Heme's Oak had not been
cut down by command of George the
Third, but that the King was in the
constant habit of pointing out the
present tree as the real Heme's Oak.
That the communication made by
Mr. Engall to me of the present oak
having been placed under his charge
by George the Third as the real
Heme's Oak would appear conclusive
as to the point in dispute, as this was
not done during a season of afHicting
malady, but at a time when the
King's strong and retentive memory
was in full force. Mr. Engall is inca-
pable of inventing such a story, and
the strongest reliance may be placed
on his accuracy. Mr. Knight says
lie did not reside at Windsor forty
years ago. 1 said about 40 years ago,
repeating Mr. Kugall's words which I
wrote down at the time. They might
imply generally 37 or 38 years. The
exact date can be readily obtained.
I might refer to the late Sir Her-
bert Taylor, the late Sir David Dun-
das and others (who had the best op-
portunities of ascertaining the facts) as
constant asserti^rs of the identity of
the present Heme's Oak. 1 will,
however, only refer to many aged and
re.-*pectable inhabitants of Windsor
who have assured me, that they, and
their fathers and mothers before them,
had always considered the tree in
question as the one referred to by
Shakespere.
I readily admit that there might and
probably were two or more Oaks in
the Park, which were called " Heme's
Oak," and whether one of these was
cut down by order of George the
Third or blown down is now of little
consequence. I admit that an old
oak was cat down near tha pictureaque
dcU, which Mr. Knight so fuelingly
amcAU ihooid b«Tt beta filled up«
and that that oak was supposed by
many persons to have been Heme's
Oak. I admit the probability o(
George the Third having told Lady
Ely that he had inadvertently given
directions, when he was a young man, for
having some unsightly old oaks in the
Park cut down, and that he was af-
terwards sorry he had given such an
order, bepause he found that, amongst
the rest, the remains of Heme's Oak
had been destroyed. But having made
these admissions, I must again refer
to the constant assertion of George the
Fourth, viz. that George the Third
thought that he had cut down
Heme's Oak, but that he had not.
It is, I think, evident that he was af-
terwards undeceived in this respect.
Lady Ely told Mr. Nicholson that
George the Third informed her he had
caused the tree in question to be cut
down when fie was a young man. Now
George the Third was born in 1738,
and Mr. Knight says that Mr. Dela-
motte made a drawing of the tree from
another drawing of it made by Mr.
Ralph West, the eldest son of the Pre-
sident, some fifty or sixty years ago ; bo
that George the Third could not then
have been a young man, although Mr*
Knight's Heme's Oak must have been
standing at that time. I cannot think
that Mr. Croflon Croker has added any
weight to his friend Mr. Knight's ar-
guments.
It is, however, time for me to finish
this hasty letter, which I wish to do
by offering my thanks to Mr. Knight
for the very agreeable and pleasing
manner in which he has discussed this
subject. At the same time I cannot
but express my regret that, whether
right or wrong, so much pains shonld
have been taken in several quarters to
destroy the interest, and, I might add,
the enthusiasm which every lover of
our immortal bard must feel in view*
tng Heme's Oak, even , should its
identity have been left as a matter of
doubt. Yours, &c. Edw. Jesse.
Mr. Urban. ^^^,V
March 7.
HAVING, in a former communica-
tion, stated to you that the passage in
the Obituary of the late Sir T. J.
Tyrwhttt Jones, published in the
Gentleman's Magazine for December,
1839, which described him ts of the
sane (tmiiy with Coloocl John Joaet^
382
Colonel John Jones, the ttegicide.
[April,
the Regicide, was erroneous, and
having also stated that Colonel John
Jones, the Regicide, was not in any
way connected with the family of
Jones of Fonmon, I find by your
number published on the first instant,
that Mr. W. Hardwick, of Bridg-
north, the writer as I presume of the
Obituary, is still of opinion that the
passage to which I have referred is
correct.
As I am quite sure that Mr.
Hardwick would not have stated
that which he did not believe to be
true, and although I have no reason
to doubt that the parties whom he
quotes in his letter might from some
of the causes to which he refers, have
been of opinion that a relationship be-
tween the families of Jones of Shrews-
bury, Jones of Fonmon, and Jbnes
the Regicide, did exist ; still, you
must be aware that no proof is pro-
duced by Mr. Hardwick to support
that opinion, with the exception only,
as to one fraction of it, that he quotes
a passage in Mr. Malkin's work on
South Wales, with reference to the
Fonmon family, and which passage,
unfortunately for Mr. Hardwick's the-
ory, is utterly unfounded ; for, so far
from the present owner of Fonmon
Castle being descended from John
Jones, the Regicide, as Mr. Malkin
asserts, he never had an ancestor of
the name of John Jones, but is ac-
tually the descendant of Colonel Phi-
lip Jones, of Fonmon, who was a
Privy Counsellor to both the Protec-
tors, and one of Oliver's Lords of the
Upper House, and who, having sur-
vived the Restoration, must have made
his peace with the regal government,
for he was in 1672 appointed High
Sheriff of Glamorganshire ; and this
you will find confirmed in your own
pages, in the Obituary of Robert
Jones, Esq. of Fonmon Castle, pub-
lished in the Gentleman's Magazine
in 1834.
That Colonel John Jones the Regi-
cide was the representative in the
Parliament of the Commonwealth for
Merionethshire in 1640, and subse-
quently, and for the counties of Den-
bigh [not Derby, as Mr. Noble has it]
and Merioneth in 1656, there can be
no question; for in or about the
year 1649, Robert Vaughan, Esq. of
Hengwrt, Merionethshire, the cele-
brated antiquaryi and whQ was him*
self of the same line of Antient-Bri-
tish descent, compiled the Regicide's
Pedigree, and having traced the descent
and histor}' of the family from Cadw-
gan, the son of Bleddyn ap Cyofyn,
Prince of Powis, down to the Colonel,
he thus describes him : —
** Colonel John Jones, Eiooire, a
Member of Parliament* one of y* honoar-
able Counsel of Estate of England."
Mr. Vaughan also states his wife
to be Margaret, daughter of John Ed-
wards, of Stansty (near Wrexham),
Esq. This lady was the first wife of
the Regicide, and by her he had a 8on»
John Jones, Esq. who was living at
Wrexham in 1702. Dying without
issue, his property passed or was be-
queathed to the relatives of his mo-
ther, whose sister Catharine married
Watkin Kyffin, Esq.of Glaswed; Anne,
the fifth daughter of Mr. Kyffin, mar-
ried Thomas Edwardes, E^q. of Kil-
hendre, and the issue of this marriage
being two daughters, the last of whom
died unmarried in 1730, the estates of
Mr. Edwardes, with many family do-
cuments, including the pedigree of the
Regicide's family as written for him
by Mr. Robert Vaughan, passed to the
family of Merrall, Mr. Edwardes's sis-
ter Judith having married John Mer-
rall, Esq. of Plas YoUen, co. Salop ; in
the possession of one of whose de-
scendants, Cyrus Merrall, Esq. or oi
his brother, from whom I had the loan
of it, the pedigree to which I have
made reference, now remains.
In the collection of Pedigrees made
by Owen Salusbury, Esc). of R£lg, in
the county of Merioneth, about the
year 1640, and subsequently epiarged
by John Salusbury, Esq. of ErbistcKk,
in the county of Flint, about the year
1650, the descent of the family of Ed-
wards of Stansty appears, and Marga-
ret, the fifth daughter of John Ed-
wards, Esq. is there stated to have
married —
" John Jones, one of the Counsel! of
State a'' 1641), and Colonell for the Parlia-
ment of England.**
Against which is written in ano-
ther hand, —
" A Grand Rebel, one of the traitors
executed at Tyburn."
This collection of Pedigrees is now
in the possession of Sir Watkin Wil-
liams Wynn, Bart, and is in the li-
brary 9X Wyiui8tay««-The MS, wm
1 840.] The Arrangements of the State Paper Office,
383
lent to me by the late honoured Baro-
net, and 1 copied the above memo-
randa from it.
Mr. Pennant, the historian, also
states that Jones the Regicide was a
Merionethshire man.
If further proof were wanting that
Colonel John Jones, of Maes-y-Gar-
nedd, in Merionethshire, was the Co-
lonel John Jones, who was executed
as a Regicide on the 17th of October,
16G0, it will be found in a curious 4to
book of 88 pages, entitled ''ENIAYTOS
TEPA2TI02, Mirabilis Annus," &c.
which being printed and published in
lG6l, the year following the execution,
and I need scarcely say without any
reference to a dispute as to the Colo-
nel's identity or connexions, must be
admitted to be good evidence in the
present case. In this book, at page
43, is the following passage : —
"In the county of Merioneth, in
North -Wales, in a field or close which
did belong to Colonel John Jones, who
was executed at Charing Cross, Oct. 17,
\G(10, was 8een by a tennant of his, going
forth into the said field that morning or
very near the time, a Crab-tree covered
all over with blossomes. He was so as-
tonished at it that he could not believe it
was so till he came near to the tree, and
rut olT a bough of it, which he carried
home with him and shewed to his fami-
iic and divers of his neighbours; severall
other credible persons saw the tree ; and
many gentlemen that were near and heard
of it, 8ent for boughs, which when they
saw, they were convinced of the truth of
the report. This relation we received first
by letters from the aforesaid tennant, and
a further confirmation we have since had
of it by some very credible persons inha-
bitants there eye-witnesses, who coming
up to London did here attest it tha
voce.'*
There can be no doubt, after what I
have adduced, I think, that Jones the
Regicide was a Merionethshire man,
and this extract shows, if it proves
nothing else, that he was well known
to his contemporaries as being a man
of that county. The Jones's of Shrews-
bury were descended from Richard
Jones, of Holt, in Denbighshire, who
had adopted the surname of Jones so
early as the reign of Henry the
Seventh, and which afterwards con-
tinued to be the surname of his de-
scendants. The surname of Jones was
unknown in the Regicide's family, un-
til taken by his fatlwr^who called him-
self Thomas Jones ; the grandfather of
the Regicide had no surname, but was
called "John ap Evan, Gent, of Cwm-
canel, in the county of Merioneth."
The family of Jones of Fonmon were
still later in adopting a surname. The
celebrated Cromwellite of that family.
Colonel Philip Jones before-mentioned,
was the first of the line that adopted a
surname, and in early life he was
known himself in Wales as " Philip
David Philip, Gent. ;" his father hav-
ing been previously known by and al-
ways used the name of " David Philip
John, Gent."
I trust I have now shown that I
was right as to the facts averred by
me in my former communication ; and
1 remain.
Yours, &c. Joseph Morris.
Mr. Urban, March 18.
YOUR correspondent Chartula-
Kius, whose communication was in-
serted in your last Magazine, has
touched upon several very important
subjects, but in a way which is likely
to lead to conclusions both erroneous
and detrimental to the public interests.
Speaking solely with reference to the
study of history, and to the mode in
which ancient documents ought to be
preserved, her Majesty's State Paper
Office is an institution of a most ano-
malous and prejudicial character. It
contains a large collection of papers
which are said to be highly valuable as
materials for history, but they are
guarded with great jealousy; admission
is procurable solely through the order
of a Secretary of State, which is granted
only for some specific and assigned
purpose; and literary inquirers have
no means, as far as I know, of pre-
viously ascertaining whether there is,
or is not, anything in the office which
will assist them.
Amongst the persons who have
lately obtained access to the office is
the gentleman whose name is men-
tioned in your correspondent's letter.
Taking advantage of the facility thus
afforded to him, he has published va-
rious documents which he considers
to be important ; and if I may judge
from the reviews of his work to which
Chartularius has directed my at-
tention, his estimate of their value is
not disputed. Of the documents which
he has published^ some are derived
from the Museum, and the rest from
the SUte Paper Office.
381
The Arrangemenis of the State Paper Ofiee.
[April,
Rut it is asserted that his work con-
tains various errors of transcription,
some of which Ciiahtularius has ex-
hibited ; and upon the ground of the ex-
istence of those errors you are requested
to infer that such publication of docu-
ments by individuals is a thing which
ought not to be allowed, nay, that it
is a serious evil which is proposed to be
remedied by the publication by the
State Paper Commissioners of cata-
logues, calendars, or abstracts, — the
documents themselves being still kept
under what are termed " any due
restrictions, or office copies being
furnished to applicants under certain
regulations."
There is a good deal more in your
correspondent's letter ; but 1 believe I
have stated its contents as far as they
are applicable to the main subject.
His reasoning is this ; because the
work of the gentleman referred to
contains various errors of transcription,
therefore it is right to publish abstracts
upon authority, to restrict access to
the originals, and to furnish only
office copies. Now the errors which
Ch A.RTULARIU8 has pointed out happen
to be in documents derived not from
the State Paper Office, but from the
British Museum, The argument, there-
fore, stands thus : Because errors have
been committed by an individual edi-
tor in printing documents derived from
the British Museum, therefore the an-
cient documents in the State Paper
Office ought to continue under res-
trictions.
Whatever may be the intentions of
the Commissioners, I am very certain
that this is not the reasoning by which
they will justify themselves ; but my
principal object is not to expose the
singularity of your correspondent's
argument, but to direct attention to
the restrictive custody of the ancient
documents in the State Paper Office,
and to the asserted possibility of making
abstracts of letters, and papers of that
kind, which, for historical purposes,
can answer the objects of the inquiser.
The papers referred to are admitted
to be of high historical value, but I
do not fancy that it will be alleged
they have value of any other kind.
They are the property of her Majesty
as a trustee for the nation; the es-
tablishment which mounts guard over
thcra is paid for by the nation ; they
6
relate to the butinesa of the nation ;
why should the nation adopt another
description of custody with respect to
this property than it does with its
other similar property presenred in the
British Museum? Be it observed I
confine my observations to ancient
documents, — say those anterior to
the restoration of the House of
Stuart ; and 1 ask your correspon-
dent, or any other person, to point out
any good purpose that is answered by
shutting up documents of that age,
under expensive and jealous restric-
tions; or what possible evil could
result from their being placed under
control similar to that exercised at the
Museum, or being at once transferred
to that repository ? There they would
be useful ; where they are, toey are
almost useless. What reason can be
given why we ought to be indebted to
the courtesy of official persons for
qualified permissions to use some part
of our historical documents, when other
documents of precisely the same kind
are, with the greatest convenience and
propriety, laid open to us and to all the
world? I shall be very much sur-
prised if any good answer can be
given to these questions.
As to the publication of abstracts, I
entreat the Commissioners — if they
entertain any such notion — to pause be-
fore they put it into execution. There
are amongst them men well acquainted
with all the minuties of historical in-
vestigations, and I appeal to them
whether any abstracts, standing in
the place of original authorities, would
have enabled them to do what they
have done? The most skilfol maker
of abstracts cannot divine all the uses
to which a document may be put ; or
upon how many different arguments
particular parts of it may throw light.
The very words of a date are of valae
at one time and for one purpose, those
of a superscription at another, those
of some ambiguous, or ironical, or
confident, or erroneous assertiosn, at
others ; and none can foreknow these
various uses. All who have ever
meddled in these matters must have
been taught by their own e:(perience
that even the abstracts which a man
makes for his own use are seldom^ if
ever, entirely satisfactory; and why
should we imagine that persona conU
be found who would lukt rtttncts
1840.]
REtROSPECTIVE ReYIEW.
S85
which will answer oar purposes better
than those which we ourselves have
made ?
i am not arguing against abstracts
of formal documents, mere lawyer's
forms, — although it is occasionally
very difficult to make even them, — the
question now relates to letters, and
documents of that class. Nor am I
contending against calendars, as as-
sistances in referring to the originals ;
but against calendars as a substitute
for access to the originals, and an ex»
cuse for restraints.
I agree with your correspondent
Chartularius that it is a bad thing
for documents to be published incor-
rectly,— all error is bad ; but I should
scarcely have thought it necessary at
this time of day, or in this country, to
contend that freedom, and not mono-
poly, is the way by which error ought
to be corrected. Break down the
barriers by which inquiry is impeded ;
open the windows which illibierality
would keep closed ; let in the lights
and that will remedy the evils com-
plained of. If error is to justify re-
striction, then you must restrain not
merely the State Paper Office, but the
Britisn Museum; nay, even printed
books, for I have known gross errors
committed in transcribing from them.
There is no medium in politics, re-
ligion, literature, or in anything else^
between a censorship which puts truth
at the mercy of power, and freedom^
which, with all its abuses and incon-
veniences, is indeed what old Barbour
long ago pronounced it to be, "a
noble thing."
Yours, &c. Philalbtbbs.
RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW.
The Mould of Humilitie acgoyned to the Castle of Courteiie, compiUd hif
James Yates, Serving Man,
Captious conceiptSy
Good reader, doe dismis,
And friendly weigh
The willing mind of hii.
Which more doth write
For pleasure than for praise.
Whose worthlesse workes
Are simplie pend alwaies.
Imprinted hy John TFoffe, dwelling tn Distaffe Lane, neere the iigne 1/ the
Cattle, 4to. black letter. Date 1582.
TH.Svolumei.ofth.g«.t..trarity. ^"-t^,. ^tl^lT "^^l^S:*
s may be known by the following .^If from lending T. P. [Park] . See IbL
of Mr. Heber :— gg 1 j^,^ p^i^ ^f Badley ' [in Suffolk].
From some circumstances in this volume,
he seems to have been a Suffolk man.**
On this volume, see also Longpnan't
Bibliotheca Anglo -Poetica; Ritson'a
Biblioth. Poetica, p. 400; Herbert's
Ames, D. 1186. Mr. Heber's con-
that
as may
MS. note
** Only one copy of this book appears
to exist. It had formerly belonged to T.
Martin, the Suffolk antiquary. At Major
Pfanoni sale it was purchased by Mr.
StecTeni for lOt. 6<f., and at Mr. Stee-
Tens'i, by Mr. Park, for 2/, lOt. With
^J'^""^^^ r^^^'^T^&V o^tilh? jectufi ttat James Yates was a Suffblk
and thence to tne sbop 01 Messrs. ix>ng- ' . xn^^^^m p w «li*n \%m
man. Paternoster-row; who marked it in 2, written to Master F^ W. when ht
their Bibliotheca Anglo- Poetica. 1815, at ^as at Ipswich. Jo»°«^^ *J« P^«
52/. lOf. and sold it to Mr. Midgelcy of mentioned above, is P« V"^°^^
Rochdale in Lancashire ; at whose auc Chastitie, drawne to Publication by
tion, by Saunders in Fleet-street, Feb. dutiful Desire, Goodwill, and Com-
1 HI 8, it was sold for S3/. St., and placed mendation. Also a Dialo^e betweena
in the library of Sir Mark Sykes, at 30/., Diana and Venus, with dittiet devised
on whose death it was again submitted to ^^ sundrie collections for recrCAtion
the hammer in 1824, wd knocked down ^ ,^^ j^^^U i^ ^j^^y^ ^ert€ M tn-
GSNT. Mao. Vol. XIIK ' ^ ^
d86
Retrospectivb REViEW.---Yat«B*i Poems.
[Aprt,
ttaeih, by James Yatis.* 1562." The
TohiQie is inscribed to Mistress Eli-
zabeth Reynouls, wife unto his ap-
proved good master and friend. Mas-
ter Henry Reynouls, Esq.
Verses unlo his Muse.
Muse not, my minde, of worldly things,
Hiou see'st what care to some it brings ;
The merriest minde from folly free,
Sometimes conceives discourtesie ;
^hich is the occasion oft of ire,
Through frowarde wiUe which kindles
fire.
Bat if thou wilt live well at ease,
And worldly wi^ts secke for to please.
Then frame thy nature to this plight,
In e«ch respect to dcale upright.
Thou see*8t, my Muse, how fancie redes,
And what desire in some it breedes ;
Thou see*st thatthose which have been well,
HaVe not the skill thereof to tell ;
But think to get a better place.
Whereas they work their own disgrace :
For why ? from Heaven they change to
HeU,
In deep despite for time they dwell ;
So is our fickle fancie fraught —
Whom can we blame but tickle thought ?
The sillie bird that dreades no ill,
But singes with joyful notes ful shrill,
Is by the craft of birder's arte
Ketcht, to her paine and carefuU smart ;
For why ? the lime her winges doth charge
Who erst to fore did fly at large ;
And then she resteth as we see.
To try the birder's courtesie :
Eteft so, if some do thee entrap.
Thou must needes stay to trye thy hap.
Sherefore, who well can them content,
ave seldom cause for to repent ;
For if thou well doe feele thyselfe,
QlMU^ge not that life for worldly pelfe :
Tou know the ease of quiet minde
If happiest gifte by Jove assign'd.
Admit that riches docncrease,
J^na then the gayest life surcease ;
Wh^ i^'t the better for the gilt,
When fretting fiimes sweet rest have spilt ?
X 9 hare both welth and quyet vaine —
Ofh 1 happie wights that it attaine ;
Oh ! golden dayes of quyet state,
t^ien fortune gives no crabbed mate.
And, on the other side, I say,
Oh ! eursed life that every day
Doth not escape from furious fittes,
Whioh heates the hearte, and woundes the
wittes ;
The merry meant I hovld for beat,
Oh 1 happie wights, that it iaveat.
The labouring man, with breade and driiike
Lives merrier in minde, I thinke,
Than some whioh feede on daintier fare,
Whose corpes sufficed, yet hare great care ;
For sure that meate digests not well
Where merrie measure doth not dwell.
Oh 1 life most happie, still I say,
That lives at rest, and hath to pay ;
And lyeth down, with quiet minde.
The rest to take that Jove assign'd.
Verses which sign{fle the eaee
How meddling least doth not diepleaee.
The busie heads, whose harebrain'd wits
With causelesse cause will have to deale,
Doe often shew but foolish fittes,
For nothing they can close conceale.
All you that meane to live at ease,
To meddle least doth not displeaae.
The Royster, and the quarrelling foole
That standes upon his garde of strength,
May meet with one that shall him coole,
And overcome his pride at length.
All you that meane to live at ease,
To meddle least doth not displease.
The Pratler, he cannot abstaine,
Nor yet keepc in his tongue from prate ;
Oh ! blame him not ; — for 'tis his vaine :
He takes a glory in that rate.
All you that meane to live at ease,
To meddle least doth not displease.
'Tis vaine to put otur hand in fire,
Or in a fray to take a parte,
When as no cause d^th so require.
Perchance he comes unto his smarte.
All you that meane to live at ease,
To meddle least doth not displeaae'.
The proverb often thus doth shew.
Which warnest us in this respect ;
Heere much, but little seeke to kno#
That any tumult may ef^ct.
All you that meane to live at ease,
To meddle least doth not displeaie.
By busie pates strife and debate.
Rancour and rage be rear'd upright ;
Envie, disdaine, and cruell hate
Are put in use by such a wight.
All you that meane to live at ease,
To meddle least doth not displease.
So may you well be bold of this,
The love of each manne thou shalt
winnc :
And have likewise eternall blisse.
For quiet state you lived in.
All you that meane to live at ease,
To meddle least doth not displease.
* The uncertainty of orthographv in proper names is shewn in this volume. In the
Hould of Humilitie, the anthor's name is always spelt *< Yat«f," and in the Chariot of
Chastiticf invariably ** Yatis."
\
J 840.]
Retrospective RBViEW.-^Yatet's Poem$,
M7
Of meddling least, I thus define ;
The happie state in it doth rest,
And like a Jewell it doth shine
Among all jewella of t]^ best.
All you that then will live at ease,
To meddle least doth not displease.
Yalea hia Song, written presently after
his comming from London,
Why should I laugh without a cause ?
Or why should I so long time pause ?
My hateful happes for to declare,
Sith cTuell causes breedes my care,
Devilish disdaine within my brest,
Molesteth me with greate unrest.
Agree I must to froward fate.
And be contt^ot with this my state,
Hoping in end all may be well.
For proverbs old thus doth us tell.
The rowling stone doth get no mosse.
The r.iunger much doth nought bat tosse
In places tit for madding mindes,
'Till youthful yeares the folly (indes;
But when that age doth call them backe,
And youthful tricks do finde the lacke,
Then do we thiuke our youth ill spent,
Which ill our age we do repent ;
But such is youth and youthfiill toyes.
To follow hckle, foolish joycs.
How fortune turns, we neede not mose,
For daily we may see in use,
How some are in great favour cast,
Vet in the end arc out at last ;
And small account of them is made,
Such is the guyse of fortunes trade,
To place aloft and to bring low
Even as her favour seems to ktow.
For who so markes shall see indeed,
Fortune to faile when most they neede.
( ontent is best to please (he miudc.
By seeking, yet some men do finde ;
By rrourhing low to hy estates
Is good for to avoyd their hates.
But he that hath so stubborn heart
As wilfuU will will not convert,
He is not wise in my conceite.
So much to stand in foolish sleight ;
The bowing reede withstands the blast.
When stubbornc oake is overcast.
If in this worlde we mean to live,
Such courteous ipeeach then must we give
As we may win the hearts of those
Which otherwise would be our foes ;
For smvling lookes do not availe
When friendship favour seems to quAile ;
The want whereof doth us molest,
With pinching pangs in private brest,
Yet from our hearts let us require,
We may have patience in our ire.
To pleasure lucb as we are boiuul.
That unto them our liMurtMbt lonii^,
And that no fayned speech be keardy
Least all our doings so be majr'd,
For smiling lookes and hollow hearts
Be often. times the caMse of smarto ;
But we must needs comn^nd of tight
All such as in the truth delight,
And say from heart, and so consent^
It is a heaven to be content.
An Epitaph upon the Death qf MoMter
Poolie's Wife qf Badly,
You Dames, leave off your bootlesse tfi^res.
Whose vaine complaints can do nojgood ;
Since cruel death hadi forced your feares.
And stroken such a noble blood ;
And, though you waile and weepe you^ f^i
Yet you cannot revive your wUl.
For if high Jove doth so permit [dart.
That dreadful death shall strUc^ with
It is in vaine to mourne for it,
Sith he can joy, and he can smart ;
He can graunt life, he can graunt death.
He can bereave each prince of breath.
This worthy matron, wrapt in clay,
Was wife to Master Pooly she :
Whose noble race * for to display
My witte unable is, I see.
Alas ! my penne is nothing ryfc
For to declare her virtuous lilt.
Wherefore 'twei^ vaine to pen her pr«iR,
Sith it abrode in worlde is knowne.
Alas ! that death did end her dayes.
And hath her life so overthrowne |
Wherefore to mourne it is in vaine.
Since you no more her can attaine.
Given unto Mi$trei$e F. W. iffAeii f Aee
we%i to wait;
To waite on noble dames
Much attendance it doth crave.
And searcheth out in each respect
The service that you have.
Attendance you most daonce
In chamber all the day ;
And not to walke abrode in fields^
If truth Report doth saye,
Except my lady go,
Then you must waite on her :
Or els to keep her chamber itiu,
And not abrode to stirre.
And when she plages at cturdes
Downs kneele you must on kni$$i
And so to fit there all the time,
Until she winne, or leese.
Oh ! God I this is no lifo
Of pleasure, as I thinke,
« She was listar ti»to my LUto Went*
worth.
388
Retrospectivb Review.— Yatc«*s Poems.
[April,
To waite in chamber all the day,
Till sleepe doth make you wixike.
But paradventure you
Do thinke preferment there
Will hoyse you up to be alofte.
And set you voyde of care.
I do not, I, say nay,
For it is like to be ;
And I as glad as any one
That happie day to see.
Thus, gentle mistresse mine,
The gods keepe you in rest ;
And graunt such pleasures to abound
As sorrowes not molest.
A Thankesgeving unto God for the hap-
pie, peaceable, and fno8t ghriouse
reigne of our singular Sovereigns and
Ladie Queene Elizabeth.
With humble heartes and faithfull mindes
Assemble all and pray ;
And sing high laude unto our God,
Whose goodnesse to display
Surmounts the sense of mortallheades
To glorifie the same ;
With such desertes as rightly 'longs
Unto his blessed name.
Oh, England 1 joy, thou little isle,
In prayers do not cease ;
Both day and night give laude to God
For this thy happy peace
Injoyed under peerless Prince
Elizabeth thy Queene,
Whose quietreigne declares that God
His blessinge would have seene
Upon her grace and eke her realme,
The which, O Lord, preserve
With seemely cepter in her throne
The GospeU to conserve.
From forraine foe and faithlesse friendes,
From all that mischief workes.
Lord, breake the broode of envies wyles
In secrecie that loorkes.
Lay open to her Princely vicwe
All they that faithlesse be
In thought against her Majestic ;
Lord, let her highnesse see.
We must confesse unfainedly
We have observed thine ire ;
We daily. Lord, be prompt to sinne,
Small goodnesse we require.
Yet have compassion on our land,
And do the same defend
From those which, under shew of friendes,
Their malice do pretend
Unto our Queene, which raigned hath
This three and twentie years ;
In peaceable tranquillitie,
As well to us appears.
God graunt her Highness Nestor's yetreg
OT«r tbii realme to raigne }
Amen, Amen for Jesns sake,
Amen 1 — ^we do not fidne."
God preserve frith joyful life oiirgra«
clous Queen Elizabeth.
A GloBse for amorwue Mojfdetu to
looke in, friendly framed as a Caoeai
for a light beHeving Mojfden ; which
she may take as a requisite r^mke, if
she modestly meditate the matter.
Fy, maiden, fy, that Cupid's flames
Within you so abounde,
To truste tiie tatling tales of some.
Whose wordes prove oft unsoonde I
Should every knave entice you so,
To talk with you at will ;
What, be your wittes so simple now.
And of such little skill.
As you can not disceme in minde
Who leads you on the bit ?
Fy, fy, for shame 1 Now leave it oiF ;
It is a thing unfit.
I promise you, it grieves me sore,
Because I am your friend.
That every Jacks should talke with you.
And it is to no end
But for to feele and g^'opo your minde ;
And then they laugh in sleeve,
And say, — it is a gentle maide,
Now she will them believe.
Thus do the knaves so cogge and foyst.
And count you as a foole ;
And say, your wittes they be so base.
As you may go to schoole.
Wherefore, love no such fleering Jaekes,
And give to them no eare ;
And think this lesson to be true
Which I have written here.
For well in time you shall it finde
To breede in your unrest ;
Wherefore to leave it off at first,
I think it were the best.
Give not your mind to be entic'd
To heare each tatling tale ;
Where constant heades do not abide,
What hope doth then availe ?
You will not warned be, I see,
Until you have a nippe ;
You knowe the horse wnidi draws in cart
Is ever nye the whippe.
But when too late yon do repent,
Repentance will not serve ;
Wherefore foresee — ^in time I wame
From follie fond to swerve.
Take heed, I say, in time therefore.
So shall your state be blest,
And I shall cease to write so much
My pen shall take its rest*
389
REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
On the Relation between tlie Holy Scrip-
tures and some parts of Geological
Science, By J. Pye Smith, D.I>.
DR. SMITH, if not a practical geo-
logist, is well conversant with the
best works that have been written on
the subject ; and from a careful con-
sideration of facts and reasonings
has formed his conclusions. The
object of his work is given in his own
words : —
*'A vague idea has obtained circulation,
that certain geological doctrines are at
variance with the Holy Scriptures. This
notion works with pernicious effect. The
semblance of discrepancy is indeed undent'
able ; but I profess my conviction that
it is nothing but a semblance, and that
like many other difficulties on all import-
ant subjects, which have tired the intellect
of man, it vanishes before careful and sin-
cere examination. ' Suppose,* says Pro-
fessor Sedgwick, * that there are some re-
ligious difficulties in the conclusions of
Geology ; how then are we to solve them?
not by shutting our eyes tofactSf or de-
nyxny the evidence of our senses, but by
patient investigation carried on in the sin-
cere love of truth, and by learning to reject
every consequence not warranted by direct
physical evidence. Pursued in this spirit,
Geology can neither lead to any false con-
clusions, nor offend against any religious
truth.' "
These premises being stated, as a
just foundation for the advancement
of scientific argument, we first find
Mr. Babbage stating : —
" The mass of evidence which combines
to prove the great antiquity of the Earth
itself, is so irresistible and so unshaken by
any opposing fact, that none but those
who are alike incapable of observing the
facts, and appreciating the reasoning, can
for a moment conceive the present state
of its surface to have been the result of
only six thousand years of existence.
Those observers and philosophers who
have spent their lives in the study of Geo-
logy have arrived at the conclusion that
there exists irresistible evidence that the
date of the Earth's first formation is far
anterior to the epoch, supposed to be as-
signed by it to Moses ; and it is now admit-
ted by all competent pertonii that the
formation even of those strata which are
nearest the surface, must have occupied
vast periods, probably millions of years, in
arriving at their present state."
Mr. Maclaren, in his Geology of
Fife and the Lothians, (p. 37) esti-
mates a single period of volcanic
quiescence over the site of the basaltic
hill at Edinburgh, at^t7e hundred thou-
sand years .' *' Let it be observed," says
our author, " that these are not random
guesses, but founded upon knowledge
and consideration." Another point
connected with Scriptural tradition
and Geological inquiry, is that of the
Deluge. Dr. Fleming says —
"There is reason to believe from the
writings of Moses, that the Ark had not
drifted far from the spot where it was first
lifted up, and that it grounded at no great
distance from the same spot ! "
Again,
" The simple narrative of Moses per-
mits me to beUeve, that the waters rose
upon the earth by degrees ; that means
were employed by the Author of the cala-
mity to preserve pairs of the land animals ;
that the flood exhibited no violent impetu-
osity, displacing neither the soil nor the
vegetable tribes which it supported, nor
rendering the ground unfit for the cultiva-
tion of the vine. With this conviction
in my mind, I am not prepared to witness
in nature any remaining marks of the ca-
tastrophe ; and I find my respect for the
authority of revelation heightened, when I
see on the present surface no memoriafs
of the event,**
Later researches, however, have
been directed to the subject of drift
or diluvium, with endeavours to dis-
tinguish the respective ages of it in
different countries and districts. Pro-
fessor Hitchcock says, (Geology of
Mach. p. 148) :—
" By an examination of all the diluvium
which had been previously accumulated by
various agencies, and which had been modi-
fied by a powerful deluge sweeping from
north and north-west, over every part of
the State, not excepting its highest moon-
tains ; and since that deluge none but al-
luvial agendcf have been operating to
390 Rkview. — Smith's Holy Scriptures and Geology. [April,
cliange the surface.'* Prof. Sedgwick says,
* I ventured to affirm that our dilurial
gravel was not the result of one, but of
many succesKive periods ; but what I then
stated as a probable opinion, may be now
advanced with all the authority of estab-
lished truth.* * * * * Bearing upon
this difficult question, there is, I think,
one great negative conclusion now incon-
teitably established ; that the vast masses
of diluvial gravel, scattered almost over
the surface of the earth, do not belong to
one violent and tran»itory period.' * *
Are then the facts of our science opposed
to the sacred records ? and do we deny
the reality of an historic deluge ? I utterly
r^ectsuch an opinion," &.c.
Mr. Greenhougli (a high authority)
observes : —
** The vast mass of evidence wliioli Mr.
Lyell has brought forward in illustration
of what may be called diurnal (icolor/if^
convinces mc that if five thousand years
■go a deluge did sweep over the entire
globe, its traces can no longer he diatin-
guiahedfroM more modern and local diS'
iurbances. The inference, says our au-
thor, to wliioh these observations and rea-
sonings lead is, that geological evidence is
adverse to the admission of a deluge simul-
taneowt and universal for every part of
the earth* s surface. Again, supposing that
the Noachian Deluge extended over the
whole earth, the mass of water necessary
to cover the whole globe to the depth sup-
posed, would be in thickness about five
miles above the previous sea-level. Tliis
quantity of water might be fairly calcu-
lated as amounting to eight times that of
the seas and oceans of the globe, in addi-
tion to the quantity already existing. But
snch an augmentation of water could not
bave come without being attended with
violently destructive effects ; whereas the
terms of the sacred nairative appear to
exclude the idea of a sudden and violent
irruption, and to present that of an eleva-
tion and afterwards a subsidence compara-
tively gentle, so that the ark was lifted,
floated, and borne over the fiood in a
manner we might call calm and quiet, if
compared with an inburst of the sea by
the immediate breaking of a barrier."
Against the universal spread of the
deluge. Dr. Pyc Smith observes that
** There are trees existing in Africa and
America (the Adansonia and tciooodium),
ifidivlduals of the species of which are
proved to have begun to grow at an epoch
long before the date of the deluge ; had
these trees been covered with water for
tliree quarters of a year, they must have
been destroyed ; here then we are met
with another independent proof that the
deluge did not extend to those regions of
the eorth." (p. 164.)
In order to overcome the difficulties
which appear in the great question,
lying between the Mosaic narrative
and the geological discoveries, Mr.
Babbage has suggested that " we can-
not so depend upon our ability to con-
strue the ancient Hebrew language so
as to be sure that we have correctly in-
terpreted the archaic documents before
us." This position, however, is easily
disproved. Prof. B. Powell considers
" that the comment of Genesis was not
intended for an historical narrative, and
if the representation cannot have been
designed for literal history, it only re-
mains to regard it as having been in-
tended for the better ioforcement of
its objects in the language of Jlywet
and ;7oe/ry :" that the trutii, in fact,
was veiled in apologue and parable,
and that a more striking representation
of the greatness and majesty of the
Divine power was intended by embody-
ing the expression of them in the Ian-
guage of aromatic action (see Cons, of
Nat. and Div. Truth, by the Rev. ^
Powell, p. 260.) This Dr. Pya Smith
considers also to be unnecessary and
untenable.
Dr. Pye Smith then examines the
hypothesis by which the six days of
the creation were so interpreted as to
mean six long indefinite periods. Sqch
was Cuvier's, and such, we may ai^d,
w^as Bishop Horsley's opinion, as well
as others ; but, upon investigation, this
interpretation cannot be received ; for
which sufficient reasons are alleged.
Then he proceeds to refute the hypo-
thesis of those who regard the interval
from the creation to tlie deluge as bu$-
cient to afford a sufficient lapse of time
for the deposition of the chief part of
the stratified formations; which is
proved to be contrary to the conviction
of the most learned and qualified judges.
So far we have been employed |i^
stating difficulties, or in sliowipg the
weakness of erroneous arguments an4
rash conjectures. We -now prpaeed ^
give a very brief summary of our au-
thor's method of understanding the
Mosaic account of the creation and of
the flood, which appears to him to be
just and safe. Dr. Smith seems to m-
provc of the Nebular theory^ and con-
1 840.] R£TiEW.-^mith'8 Holy Scrijftur^i and Geohgy.
Rulers that God or igi Dally gave being
to the prioMeval elements of things, the
small number of simple bodies, endow-
ing them each with its own properties.
As regards the meaning of the word
" Earth," both in the first verse and
throughout the whole description of
the six days, as designed to express
" the part of nur world which God was
adapting for the dwelling of man and
the animals connected with him,*' Dr.
Smith says, " it never entered into the
purpose of revelation to teach men
geographical facts or any other kind
of physical knowledge." Dr. Smith
does not consider that wc need extend
the narrative of the six days to a wider
application than this, " that the Deity
by a series of oi>crations adjusted and
furnished the earth generally; but, as
the particular subject under considera-
tion here, a portion of its surface for
most glorious purposes, &c. This
portion of the earth he conceives
to be a large part of Asia, lying
between the Caucasian ridge, — the
Caspian sea and Tartary on the north,
the Persian and Indian seas on the
south, and the high mountain ridges
on the eastern and western flanks ; he
considers that man, first created, and
for many ages afterwards, did not
extend his race beyond these limits,
and therefore had no connection with
the extreme east, the Indian isles, Africa,
Km rope, and Am(*rica, on which regions
jrc have ocular demonstration that ancient
and reyetahle creatures had existed to a
vast amount, uninterruptedly, through
periods past, of indescribable duration.
Secondly. This region was first, by
atmospheric and geological causes, of
previous operation, under the will of
the Almighty, brought into a condition
of superficial ruin, or some general
disorder ; and that this state might
have been produced by the subsidence
of the region. Then "darkness was
upon the face of the deep," but by
a series of operations the creation
was perfected, — the land was clothed
with vegetation — animals were pro-
duced ; last of all, God formed his
noblest creature, man. Here Dr.
.Smith repeats what we consider to
l>e an indisputable truth, that the
primitive document, i. e. the 1st
chapter of Genesis, was framed in
conformity to the phraseology of
simple man in anpolishcd times, and
391
that the successive processes are de-
scribed in a child-like conversation
form, as, let there be light ; Ut us make
man, &c. Here a curious question
occurs, of which Dr. Buckland has
treated in a late sermon, of the do-
minion of pain and death over the
animal creation in all periods of tit
existence.
The next important point of con-^
sideration is, " the account of the
Noachian deluge." From the dis-
coveries of Geology the conclusion ia
drawn that —
'* From the remote point of time in
which vestiges of life first appear, there
never was a period when life was extinct
on the globe ; that the view of the surface
of the earth in large districts shows that
the disturbances it suffered were not
owing to any one transient flood, or a
deluge so briqfas that of Noah, but give
evidence of an antiquity reaching farther
back than that ; also, it Is impossible that
the vegetable and animal creation hate
all proceeded from one spot, as a centre
of ancestry ; also, that the inhabitants of
man y regions should have migrated from va«
nous others. Further, it has been observed
that the water required to cover the whole
globe would be an addition to the present
ocean of eight times its quantity ; — the
preservation of all animals in the ark
would be something beyond all calcu-
lation. Then Dr. Smith mentions ' the
difficulty if we suppose that the resthu^
place of the ark was the mount Aram
pointed out by tradition, of conceiving bor#
the eight human persons and their aoeon-
panying animals could descend adeWn
the precipitous cliffs, a difficulty whieh
amounts to an impossibility, unlese weeall
in the aid of Divine Power, operating im
the way of miracle.' From any of these
considerations, the probabilifjr of an
universalljf contemporaneous flood is, to
say the least, rendered very small; hA
their united force appears to sde decMte
of the negative to this question.**
Dr. Smith then proceeds to show
that in Scripture universal terms are
oflcn used to signify only a very Utrge
amount in number and quantity (p. 304),
as "the famine was upon all the
earth," "all the earth came to
Kgypt/* &c- » " ^here were daily at
Jerusalem Jews, devout men out of
every nation under Heaven," "all
the earth sought the presence of So-
lomon." Passages arc numerous
where the phrase "all the earth"
signifies only the country of Palestine.
In a few places it denotes the Chaldeav
392 Rrvibw. — Smith's Holy Scriptures and Geologg.
[Aj«I,
empire, in one that of Alexander.
From these instances of Scripture
idiom the author thinks that the
terms in which the Noachian flood
is mentioned do not oblige us to un-
derstand a literal universality. If so
much of the earth was overflowed as
was occupied by the human race, both
the physical and moral ends of that
visitation were answered.
The author considers that in the days
m
of Noah, the human population had
not spread itself far from its original
seat, — the country of Kden, — that its
number was really small ; and that it
was in a course of rapid progress
towards an extreme reduction, which
would have issued in not a very dis-
tant extinction. Dr. Smith then takes
the seat of the antediluvian population
to be Central Asia, which lies conside-
rably below the level of the sea. In
addition to the tremendous rain, he
might suppose an elevation of the
bed of the Persian and Indian
seas; or a subsidence of the land
toward the south ; and we have suffi-
cient causes for submerging the whole
district, and destroying all life that
was not preserved in the Ark. Opi-
nions are then given from former
writers of authority, showing their be-
lief that the flood need not, from any
expression of Scripture, be supposed to
be universal ; as from Stillingfleet, who
says " the flood was universal as to
mankind" from Mat. Poole, the author
of the Synopsis, who says, " it is not
to be supposed that the entire globe of
the earth was covered with water;
but only over the habitable world,
where either men or beasts lived,
which was as much as either the meri-
torious cause of the flood, the sins of
men, or the end of it, the destruction of
all men and beasts, required." In the
same way Le Clerc and Rosenmiiller
might be quoted. Lastly, Dr. Pye
Smith has met the objection that
might be advanced as to the differenc
between the language of Scripture, and
the explanation given by him and
others of the facts, which are men-
tioned in the inspired writings ; and
he says, justly, '' The Mosaic nar-
rative is 80 expressed in that style of
condescension suited to the men of
primoeval times. Yet, when read and
understood by the conversion of what
is figurative and idiomatical into plain
diction, it is ti failftful description of the
facts that did occur, and the method
and order of their concurrence." Dr.
Smith then sums up his conclusions :—
'* I speak my own conviction, that the
alleged discrepancy between theHoly Scrip-
tures and the discoveries of scientific in-
vestigation, is not in reality, but in sem-
blance only ; in particular, that the
Scriptures fairly interpreted are not
adverse to a belief in an immeMiinldy
high antiquity of the earth; in the
reference of the six days' work to a
part only of the earth's surface ; in the
position of several centres of creation
distinct from each other, on the surface of
the globe ; in the reign of death over the
inferior animals, from the earliest exist-
ence of organised earthly beings ; and in
a limited existence of the Deluge^ which
swept away the remnant of a self-destroy-
ing race, saving one family, * which found
grace in the eyes of the Lord.' * * It fol-
lows then, that the Bible fairly inter-
preted, erects no bar against the most
free and extensive investigation, the most
comprehensive and searching induction.
Let but the investigation be sufficient, and
the induction honest. Let experiment
penetrate into all the recesses of nature ;
let the veil of ages be lifted up from all
that has been hitherto unknown ; religion
need not fear ; Christianity is secure ; and
true science will always pay homage to
the divine Creator and Sovereign." &c.
As regards the interpretation of the
language of Scripture, and the nature
of that language, we shall add the high
testimony of Mr. Coleridge. "Tne
language of Scripture on natural ob-
jects is as strictly philosophical as
that of the Newtonian system, perhaps
more so ; for it is not only equally
true, but it is universal among man-
kind and unchangable. It de$eribes
facts of appearance, and what other
language would have been consistent
with divine wisdom ? " &c. *
* See Coleridge's Literary Remains, vol. i. p. 3S4, for the publication of whidi
and of other works of his Uncle, we feel most grateful to Mr. Nelson Coleridge ; they
form a noble monument to the late Mr. Coleridge's memory, and must be hddin the
highest admiration by all who can estimate the extraordinary extent of his levmingf
1840.]
Retiew.— Milnes's Poems,
393
Poems. PyR. MonctonMilnes. 2 vols.
POETRY, says Milton, "should be
simple, sensuous, passionate." This
is its perfect and complete state; from
which, of course, most poems in differ-
ent degrees depart, and below the de-
mands of which most fall. The de-
fect of our authors would be found in
their not fulfilling the second quality
— not being sufTiciently sensuous : and
it is from this being wanting, that their
real merits have not been noticed as
they deserve. No poetry that is not
" sensuous," will please the public ;
and that which is, witness Lord By-
ron's poems, will please in spite of
great defects and omissions. Mr.
Milnes's poetry is of a meditative,
tranquil kind ; delighting in describing
the gentle emotions and the amiable
feelings and passions of the mind : it
is therefore "passionate." It has
some resemblance to the manner of
Wordswoith, presenting a minuter
analysis of the processes of thought,
than poetry greatly delights in. The
versification is melodious and correct,
the language easy and elegant ; * but
there is a considerable difference in
the respective merits of the poems,
which have been composed, it ap-
pears, during many years. We shall
give a few specimens, which will de-
clare their own merit.
O.N Lady C. m dbclinino health.
" Geutly supportf^d by the ready aid
< )f lovini^ hands, whose little work of toil
Her gThXetul pro<li^lity repaid
>Vith all the ben«<liction of her imile,
She turned her failing feet
To the soft pillow'd seat,
Dispensing kindly greetings all the while.
" Before the tranquil beauty of her face
I bow'd in spirit, thinking that she were
A suffering angel, whom the special grace
C>f Go<l intmsted to our pious care.
That we might learn from her
The art to minister
To heavenly beings in seraphic air.
" Tliere seemM to lie a weight upon her brain.
That ever press 'd her bluc-velnM eyelids down.
But could not dim her lustrous eyes with pain.
Nor seam her forehead with the faintest frown.
She was as she were proud
.So young, to be allowM
To follow Him who wore the thorny crown.
" Nor was she sad, but over every mood
To which her lightly-pliant mind gave birth,
Gracefully changing, did a spirit brood
Of quiet gaiety and serenest mirth.
And then her voice did flow
So beautifully low,
A stream whose music was no thing of earth.
** Woman divine * ideal, best-beloved ;
Hers was thy image realised to me :
In sensible existence lived and moved,
The vision of my sacred phantasy.
Madonna ! Mary mine !
Her look, her smile was thine—
And gaxing on that form I worshipped thee."
Death in Liri.
" I pray you, dearest friend, nrge me no more
To clothe my thoughts in melody and rhyme.
And lay them out upon the open shore.
To catch the breexes of this wayward time.
" For you, who know the sum of my hardfkte.
Should be the last to urge so hard a suit ;
When the heart reela beneath misfortune's
weight,
Oh I let the hand be still, the lips be mute.
*' You know what I have won, what I have
lost—
You saw the glory, tee yon not the gloom ?
Are not my hairs all blancht with misery'i
frost,
Do I not breathe the vapour of the tomb f
" But even were I, as I would be, calm,
Thought I, when she is gone, that I couldfo ;
Had Hope and Memory full store of balm.
To heal the ceaseless soreness of the blow :
" Even then, in this my solitary lot,
With every fibre of my soul onstmog,
How should I sing to those who know me not?
How would they listen while the straogtr
sung !
*< In truth, I do not hate the general world:
I hold my brother-mortals (kr too dear,
To watch unhurt the critic's lip upcurrd,
To meet with smiles the pedant's silent sneer.
the vigour of his intellect, the subtlety and originality of his reasoning, and the high
polish and exactness of his taste. A note in Mr. Hallam's late work reminds iis»
that if we recollect rightly, Mr. N. Coleridge has not given us among his Uncle •
Poetical Reroaini , the introductory lines to one of the Books of Joan of Arc. in the
first edition ; this should not be oveHooked, as the original edition is now not to b«
procured, and the lines are too fine to bo buried in the oblivion of an edition, long
since superseded and forgotten.
♦ P. 2. «• Ensample work " is bad enough ; nor do we Uke " Gueriiott," p. 168 1
nor p. 120, ** Athlete mind.**
GiNT. Mao. Vol. XIII. 3 E
394
Review.'— Fair's Remedy far NaAonalDUtriBS.
[Aiwa.
"And if perchance my wavering spirit swenred,
Or failed in words to mark the imaged aim ;
How would they judge the penalty deserved,
How would they weigh the pity and the blame?
" I am too faint to scorn what they reprove,
Too broken to confront their rigid law.
Who have no mantle of fkmiliar love
To shield the frailty and conceal the flaw.
" It was not thus when she was by my side,
Under whose eye the current of my song.
In all the power and bliss of peaceful pride.
Transparent with her beauty flowed along.
" How little reck'd I then what others thought.
What others said, the many and the cold ;
Her dear content was all the praise I sought.
And with her smile what bosom were not bold.
" This is all gone ! but her immortal part
Still holds communion with its former home,
That inmost charter of the lover's heart
Where even you and friendship cannot come.
" And when this image of my glory fled.
Attunes the discord to its holy will ;
Though not a word be ifrit, or uttered.
It matters not— 1 am the poet still.
" So let me rest— nor think that yon can bless
My joyless life with hope of other fame,
Than that the memory of her loveliness
May live in union with my humble name. "
A Remedy for the Distresses of the
Nation, 8fc, By the Rev, Thomas
Farr.
THE author of this very ingenious
and interesting brochure endeavours
to prove the following points, which
must be 1 considered sufficiently im-
portant : —
1. That the present Corn Laws
cause a loss of 50,000,0002. to this
country.
2. That they deprive the Govern-
ment of a revenue of 3,000,000/.
3. That if the author's plan be
adopted, bullion will no longer be ex-
ported, and the exchanges be in a
healthy state.
4. That the positive value of land
will be increased 20 per cent, and all
fixed incomes in the same proportion.
5. That 5,000,0002. additional in-
come will be at the disposal of Govern-
ment, all of which will be paid by the
foreigner.
6. That half the custom and excise
duties, amounting to 36,000,0002. may
be taken off, and a surplus revenue of
4,000,000/. be left at the disposal of
Gk)vernment
The manner in which such golden
promises are to be reaJized is the fol-
lowing : —
1. The loss of 50,000,0001. to the
country by the present Com Laws is
occasioned by the present scale of dn-
ties. Forty millions sterling, (the
amount of eight shillings a quarter on
a hundred millions of qaarters,) being
paid by the working classes into the
pockets of the landlords. The author
advocates a fixed duty at 60f. bat now
corn is prohibited coming in till the
average is above 70«.
2. Government would have a reve-
nue of 4,000,000/. by adopting a fixed
duty instead of receiving 1«. 7d. daty
for 3,500,000 quarters of wheat.
3. With a fixed and not a fluctuat-
ing duty bullion would not quit this
country, nor would the exchanges fall
below par ; the fluctuating duty in-
creases the rate of discount from three
to six per cent, and in some cases to
twelve and fifteen per cent.
4 . The fluctuating motion of the com
duty renders it necessary for the mer-
chant to pay by bills instead of s^od-
ing goods. Cotton is subject to a JEM
duty, and consequently no gold is ex-
ported in payment for it.
*' What I complain of (says the aiitbor)
is, that the present Com Laws» althoufh
the agricultarist lays that 60s. is a 1^
average price, prevent com coming in
until it is rather above 70t.; that from three
to five millions of quarters of grain have
been imported, and a very small daty,
amoanting to some hundred thoosandi of
pounds, nas been received, when we might
have made the foreigner pay us between
two and three millons, and the grain woaM
have cost ui a fourth less, a smaller quan-
tity of bullion would have been sent oat of
the country, and a smaller quantity of biUi
would have been drawn— the ezebangsi
would have been higher. Nay I maintaip
that had the duty heenflsta instead of
fluctuating f the fear of being caught in
the corn trap having been done away with,
neither bills nor gold would have been
sent out of this country, the Bank of Eng-
land would not have been forced to curtail
its issues, nor have raised the price of dis-
count," &c.
5. The increase of twenty per cent- in
the value of land will be derived from a
fall of icages consequent on greater
cheapness of commodities ; in the same
way it would of course increase in
all fixed incomes.
Lastly, the author urges the pro-
priety and justice of altering the sys-
tem of taxation ; of taking off modi of
1640.] RfiTiBW. — Timperley*8 Diclionury qf Printers.
395
the Custom and Excise duties, which
of course press upon the poor; and
laying on a property tax of eight per
cent, which is much less than in most
European countries, where it seems in
some shape or other to vary between
fifteen and twenty-five per cent.
We think this Pamphlet to be high-
ly creditable to the author's abili-
ties ; his observation has been exces-
sive, his principles philosophical and
just, his deductions fair and logical,
and his calculations worked out in
most cases with fullness and accuracy.
His object is equally to support agricul-
ture, aud to relieve commerce and trade ;
to make property pay to the State, and
not labour ; to relieve the mechanic and
artisan, and to demand of the capital-
ist his just share towards the public
burdens. Assuredly those who take
the opposite side of the question, and
would insist on the country support-
ing its own population with its own
corn, do not take into consideration
the rapid increase of that population ;
which we believe proceeds at more than
one and half per cent, annually. As
far as we understand from our author,
there is about twenty per cent, differ-
ence of price between England and
other European countries ; as popula-
tion and manufactures are also in-
creasing in other countries as well as
our own, we may expect that the
price of wheat will advance in the
foreign markets ; aud that a nearer
approximation will take place of our
rcUtive prices, which will be most de-
sirable, as removing much discontent,
and placing our manufacturers in a
sounder condition, and with a more
equal competition before them.
A Dictionary of Print er» and Printing,
with thfi Proyrfis of Literature an-
rieni and modern ; Bibliographical Il-
lustrations, 8fc, By C. tl. Timper-
ley, large 8i'o. ;*/>. 10(X).
THIS is a very valuable volume;
and the history of it, with that of its
author, deserves to be told. And first
of the author. Mr. Timperley was born
at Manchester, and was educated at
the free grammar-school, then under
tlie Rev. T. Gaskell. In March 1810,
at the tigjc of 15, he enlisted into the
thirtv-tiiird regiment of foot, from
which he was discharged, in conse-
quence of wounds received at the bat-
tle of Waterloo. Having been appren-
ticed to an engraver and copper- plate
printer, he resumed the latter trade on
retiring from the army ; but in 1821
he adopted the vocation of aletter-preta
printer, under indenture to Messrs.
Dicey and Smithson, proprietors of the
Northampton Mercury ; to whose kind
advice and direction he acknowledges
bis obligations. He then became anx-
ious to learn the history of his adopted
profession, and whilst following that
pursuit he compiled two lectures which
were read before the Warwick and
Leamington Literary and Scientific In-
stitution, were favourably received,
and form part of the present work. At
Nottingham be published " Songs of
the Press," and he has since published
at Manchester a " Printer's Manual,"
and " Annals of Manchester."
The present arduous undertaking has
been accomplished without the au-
thor's having neglected his labours in
the printing ofilce, in time wholly ab-
stra^ed from rest or recreation. Writ-
ten under these discouraging circum-
stances, this work must be considered
a singular proof of great diligence in
collecting, and considerable tact in ar-
ranging, an immense mass of informa-
tion, taken from the best aources of
bibliographical and biographical infor-
mation. Almost the whole contents
of several eminent works appear, in-
deed, to have been condensed into
Mr. I'imperley'schronological arrange-
ment. Among these may be enume-
rated the labours of A. Cjarke, R.
Watt, W. Beloe, S. E. Brydges, Sa-
vage, Ottley, Singer, Dibdin, Home,
Nichols, Townley, Greswell, D'la-
raeli ; and the works on Printing, by
Ames, Herbert, Luckombe, Lemoine,
Stower, and Hansard ; and '* though last
not least (says Mr. Timperley) the
pages of Mr. Urban, for the notices of
modern printers and booksellera/'
From these and numerous other aa-
thors, as from so many perennial
springs of valuable information, Mr.
Timperley has confidently borrowed
whatever could in the remotest degret
bear upon his subject ; we wish we
could add, always with due acknow-
ledgment, as then the degree of au-
thority would have been apparent, and
the reader might have pursued the
subject with advantage, if he wished so
396
Review.— Tlmperley's Dictionary of Printers. [A()ril,
todo; butas Mr. Timperley's object was
compression, so as tu render the work
as cheap as possible to the community
at large, but more particularly to his
brethren of the trade, he thought, pro-
bably« that the citati-^n of his autho-
rities would have added considerably
to the size of the work.
Mr. Timperley's principal aim has
been, to record —
** The names and deeds of ancient
and modern typographers, who have be-
nefited literature by their labours, soci-
ety by their exertions, and whose conduct
it would be easy to adopt, and desirable to
emulate ; not forgetting many of our hum-
ble artists, whose meritorious conduct
when living obtained the meed of praise ;
and whose honourable industry deserves
to be recorded as a laudable example tu
the young Typographer who wishes to
obtain respect from his fellow-men."
But the work is not confined to
Printing and Printers only ; almost
every author, bookseller, and other
person connected in the slightest de-
gree with literature, are either noticed
in the text or brought into a note. For
instance, all the booksellers whose
characters are so quaintly drawn by
Dunton, are introduced into this
work, though sometimes a good deal
out of their chronological order.
The origin and progress of News-
papers, and the various laws and du-
ties relating to them, are all recorded,
not forgetting the mistake respecting
the supposed origin of the English
Newspapers, in the time of Queen
Elizabeth, (as first given by G.
Chalmers,) and lately exposed by Mr.
Watts of the British Museum, Csce
oui' Mag. for Jan. p. Gl) ; but in this
Mr. Timperley errs in good com-
pany.
The Introduction treats of the origin
of language ; and the modes used by
the ancients in transmitting knowledge
before the invention of Printing. After
detailing and combating the opinions
of those authors who consider the in-
vention of language and alphabetical
characters as of human origin, Mr.
Timperley comes to the conclusion, that
oar first parents received the blessing
of language by divine inspiration. The
whole essay is creditable to its author.
In his first chapter^ Mr. Timperley
tnteri upon the state of literature
prior to the invention of Printing ; in
this part of the work will be found
many particulars of Stage Mysteries
and other curious matters ; the history
of block printing ; much interesting
biography, &c.
The invention of letter-press printing
is then detailed; and the merit of thegreat
invention, about the year 1420, as-
cribed to Guttenburg, a native of
Mentz, but then resident at Strasburg.
From that period to the present day,
the history of this all- important art
is chronogically traced, century after
century, intermixed with the biogra-
phies of printers, booksellers, authors,
and all persons connected with the art.
In a volume consisting of 1000 pages
of very small type, (equal to 4000
pages of common sized octavos) de-
tailing innumerable facts, names and
dates, it would not be difficult to de-
tect many slight mistakes ; but these
detract very little from the general
merit of the work, which, with its
author, is deserving, and we hope will
receive, public support. In conclusion,
we will make a few remarks, to be
corrected in any new edition.
P. 206. The lines on the Aldine
Anchor, attributed to Sir E. Brydges,
are the production of the Rev. J. M it-
ford ; Mr. Timperley was led into the
error by the History of Bookbinding,
as noticed in our Review of that Work,
Vol. VIII. (N. S.) p. 272.
P. 261. Two notes on Coverdale's
Bible contradict each other. The first
details where copies of this rare volume
are to be found ; the second says no
perfect copy exists. There are no re-
ferences to the notes in the text.
P. 269. To Bp. Bale's published
dramatic pieces, may now be added,
the play of King Johan, lately edited
by J. Payne Collier, Esq. F.S.A., for
the Camden Society.
P. 415. For Archbishop Nare's,
read Archdeacon Nares. By the way,
the apostrophe frequently makes an
error in this volume.
P. 732. For Newberrj', readNew-
bery.
P. 761. Under the head of W.
Richardson is introduced a portion of
the history of Richard Gough, show-
ing his early attachment to collecting
books ; but there is no account of this
eminent writer and historian of books
1 840.] Review.— Timperley's DicUonary of Printers,
397
under the day of his death, Feb. 20,
1809. (See Gent. Mag. vol. LXXIX.)
P. 760. The death of T. Fisher,
printer, Rochester, is noticed. That
of his more distinguished son, Thomas
Fisher, Esq. F.S.A., might have been
added. He died July 20, 183G. (See
Gent. Mag. N.S. vol. VI. p. 434.)
P. 610. Mr. Timperley seems to
doubt whether John Partridge the
almanac-maker, immortalised by Dean
Swift, isaicalname. Of this he maybe
convinced by reading the following
epitaph, now in Mortlakc church-
yard.
*• J OH ANN US Partridgk, ostrologus
et inedic'inie doctor, natus est apud East
Sheen in comitatu Surrey, H<» die Januarii
anno HM4, et mortuus est Londini 24**
die Junii anno 1715. Medicinam fecit du-
ohiis Regibus, unique Reginae, Carolo
scilicet Sicundo, Williclmi Tertio, Regi-
na.>(|ue Mariic. Creatui Medicinw Doc-
tor Lugduni Batavoruni."
It is stated, however, in the Gen-
tleman's Magazine for 1785, that his
real name was Hcwson, and that he
assumed that of Partridge. (See a me-
moir of him and his works, Gent. Mag.
vol. LV. p. 267.)
P. 738. James Christie, Esq. the
learned son and able successor of his
father, died Feb. 2, 1831, aged 58.
(See a Memoir in Gent. Mag. for May
is:u, p. 471.)
P. 793. Speaking of the present T.
N. Longman, the celebrated bookseller.
It is jaid, " he carried on the bubincss
of a bookbcllor hitherto unknown."
Thia aiticlc i-* borrowed from the
Literary Anecdotes, VL 439, but
.Mr. Nichols's words are, "the busi-
nc.--^ of a whole .-^alc bookseller, to an
extent far beyond what was ever
known in the annals of the Row."
P. sj:;. col. 2, 1. 13, for 172:>, read
i«o:>.
P. S70. The notice of Sir Thomas
IMiillipps' Pres.^ is too slight. See a list
of the works of the Middlehill Press, in
Martin's History of Privately- printed
Books.
P. 907. It is said Mr. Stephen
.loncs was the son of (tilcM Jones; and
in 7r)0 that he was the son of iir{ffith
JoncB. Possibly the last is the mis-
take.
P. 9.J.J. The eminent stationers
fpcU then name K**y doI iCay.
P. 867. John Nichols is in this
page said to be now a member of the
Court of the Stationers* Company.
He died Nov. 16, 1826, and an ample
account and portrait of him are given
in a subsequent page of this work.
Ibid. To the many worthy jour-
neymen printers recorded in the vo-
lume, may be added the character of
William Morlis, (noticed as one of
Mr. Nichols's annuitants in this page.)
He died Oct. 23, 1823, and an account
of him is in Gent. Mag. Vol. XCHL
ii.474.
Ibid. There are some omissions in
the Indexes ; as, for instance, refer-
ences to two others of Mr. Nichols's
annuitants noticed in this page; but
their deaths are recorded by Mr. Tim-
perley : James Robinson, under Feb.
24, 1832 ; and James Rousseau, under
April 13, IS38.
P. 865. Beale I«lackwell was a
very extensive maker of Printers* ink ;
hence arose his peculiarly appropriate
benefaction to poor journeymen prin-
ters.
P. 864. The Literary Gazette is
said to have been the first newspaper
devoted to literature in England. This
is a sad and unaccountable oversight
after Mr. Timperley had recorded so
many previous publications.
P.' 894. Mr. Galabin's intimate
friend, was the well-known John
Nichols.
P. 863. The celebrated bibliopole
James Edwards deserved a long notice,
under the day of his death, Jan. 2,
IS 16. (See Grnt. Mag. 1816, p. 180.)
Rut he is slightly mentioned, in re-
cording his brother Thomas *s death in
p. 933.
P. 923, note. It should have been
addjd that Mr. Lockhart published a
Rfjoindcr to the Trustees of Mr. Bal-
lantine, which seems to have settled
the question of the nature of the very
singular business transactions of Sir
Walter Scott.
We shall not extend these trifling
remarks further, but beg to oiler them
as a proof that we have read Mr. Tim-
perley's work with some attention,
and that we consider it deserving not
only of present encouragement, but of
future improvement.
39S
Review.* Sir Johu Hay ward's EUgaheii,
[April,
Certaine. yeerei of Queenc FAizahfth*9
Beigne; by John Haywabd, Knt,
D,C.L. Edited by John Bruce,
Esq. F.S.A. [Printed for the Cam-
den Society.} 4 to.
THK editor of this volume intro-
duces it to the notice of the members
of the Camden Society by the follow-
ing very judicious remarks on what
may be termed the transition period of
English historical composition.
"Amongst tlie many consequences
which followed upon the Introduction of
Printing into Kngland, one of the earliest
was, that it made our hivtory popular.
Cazton's Chronicle effected, in that re-
specti achanf^e which, half a century later,
would have been the result of the dissolu-
tion of the monasteries. It withdrew
History from the exclusive care of the
Church, and taught her to speak the
language, and appeal directly to the feel-
ings, of the people.
" But the vernacular chroniclers who
succeeded the monastic writers of history
were little conscious of the imi)ortance of
their task. They followed in the footsteps
of the humblest of their predecessors, and
seldom aimed at any higher mark than that
of being found faithful and diligent annal-
ists. They were industrious collectors of
facts, pains-taking chronologists, honest
narrators, but, as a body, were totally de-
void of that power of description which
makes manifest the truth respecting past
events in such manner as to render it ccn-
ducive to the instruction of mankind. In
such hands History lost much of its useful-
ness and all its dignity, and greatly is it
to be regretted that this depression of liis-
torical literature took place at a time
when, in other departments of human
knowledge, our intellectual strength was
at its height ; when Poetry shone with
pre-eminent brilliancy, and the profound-
est depths of Theology were investigated
with an acuteness which lias never been
surpassed.
'* No doubt there were many men who
saw and deplored the state of things upon
which I am commenting, and there were,
at any event, two who endeavoured to
amend it — Camdc^n and llayward ; united
in their lives at the joint historiographers
of King James's College at Chelsea, and
now, after the lapse of two centuries,
again brought together in name, — the one
as the author of the following work, and
the other as the patron of the Society by
whom it is published. Camden and Hay-
ward took, indeed, different paths, and I
by no means seek to place them upon an
equality ; it if honour enough for Hay-
ward if it be allowed that botii were well
acquainted with the great classical models
of historical composition, and wrote
with minds imbued with a strong perma-
sion of their many excellent qnanties, and
an anxious desire to catch tome portion
of their spirit ; and that whUst Camden
was setting forth in pure and ample Latin
his admirable Britanniat andhitiiiifi«lif,
and was placing before the world some of
the most valuable of the foondationa of
English History in his collection of Chro-
nicles, Hayward was composing in onr
own language, works which, notwith-
standing their many defects, were of a
higher character, and approached more
nearly to a better description of historical
writing, than any which had then been
published.'*
Hay ward's maiden work was a hia-
tory of the first year of the reign of
King Henry the Fourth, a work
which, as on a subsequent occasion he
declared to King James, was " under-
taken with particular respect to your
Majesty's just title of succession in
this realm." This alone could not
have been very acceptable to Queen
Elizabeth ; but it is probable that the
essay would have gone by without any
particular notice, — for, as far as Mr.
Bruce has observed, it does not con-
tain any allusion to passing events,-—
had not the author, with the utmost
indiscretion, attempted to take ad-
vantage of the accidental interest pro-
duced by the Earl of Essex's return
from Ireland, and prefixed to it a De-
dication to that rash nobleman, couch-
ed in terms of almost royal adulation.
This great imprudence, which appear-
ed to announce the book as an eulogy
of rebellion, subjected Hayward to the
extreme anger of the Queen, who is
believed to have kept him in prison
for the remainder of her days, and who
would have proceeded to some severer
punishment, had not Bacon kindly
stood the author's friend, assuring her
Majesty that he found no treason in
the book, but much felony — committed
upon one Cornelius Tacitus.
Though so unfortunate in- the fiirst
production of his pen, and though he
docs not appear to have derlvelim-
mediate advantage or countenaxice
from his two next Essays, an Argi^-
ment in favour of the Successipo,
(1603,) and a Treatise on the Umd
1840.]
RBtiiw.— Sir John Hayward's EliMaMh,
399
of England and Scotland, (1604,) yet
we find his reputation was sufficiently
established by his historical researches,
that, when King James founded his
College at Chelsea in 1610, Hayward
was selected as one of the two His-
toriographers,Camden being the other.
About two years after, he attracted
the notice of Henry Prince of Wales,
the interesting particulars of whose
interview with our author, about two
months before his Highness's death,
are quoted by Mr. Bruce. It was this
incident jwhich led to the composition
of the work now published.
*' Then he questioned, whether I hid
wrote aoy part of our English Historie,
other then that which had been published,
which at that time he had in his hands ;
I answered, that I had wrote of certaine
of our English Kings, by way of a briefe
description of their lives : but for historic,
I did principally bend and binde myselfe
to the times wherein I should live; in
which my owne observations might some-
what direct me : but as well in the one as
in the other 1 had at that time perfected
nothing.
•* To this he said ; that in regard of the
honour of the time, hee liked well of the
lant ; but for his owne instruction, he more
desired the first : that he desired nothing
more then to know the actions of bisaun-
cestoum ; because hee did so farre esteeme
his descent from them, as he approached
neere them in honourable endeavours.
Hereupon, beautifying his face with a
Kober smile, he deiiired mee, that against
his rrturne from the progresse then at
hand, I would perfect somewhat of both
sorts for him, which he promised amply to
requite ; and was well knowen to be one,
who esteemed his word above ordinary
respects. This stirred in mee, not onely
a will, but power to perfourme ; so as,
engaging my duety farre above the mea-
sure either of my leisure or of my strength,
1 finished * The Lives of the three Kings
of Norman race,* and ' Certaine yeercs of
Queene Elizabeth's Reigne.'
" At his retume from the Progresse to
his house at S. James, these pieces were
delivered unto him; which bee did not
onely courteously, but joyfully accept.
And, because this [the Lives of the Nor-
man Kings] seemed a perfect worke, he
expressed a desire that it should be pub-
lished. Not long after he died : and with
him died both my endetvoon and my
hopes.''
The Lives of the Three Norman
Kings was published in 161 3# shortly
after Prince Henry's death, dedicated
to Prince Charles. Mr. Bruce states
that it is diligently and clearly written,
and scarcely deserves the disregard
into which it has fallen. The modern
reader will find it (in two portions) in
the second and ninth volumes of the
Harleian Miscellany.
Hayward did not again solicit the
attention of his contemporaries as an
historical author. He wrote some re-
ligious tracts, the principles of which
were in strict conformity with the
Church of England, and some of which
were certainly popular. But it was
found at his death that his heart had
still been amongst historical researches,
and that he had left behind him a
complete History of the reign of Eld-
ward VL which is characterised by
Mr. Bruce as " a work of higher in-
terest and pretensions than any he had
previously written, and that by which
his name has since been principally
known." It was published in 1630,
reprinted in 1636, and again in Ken-
nett's Collection.
In the work before us (which, with
the exception of a small portion ap-
pended to the Edward VI. edit. 1636,
has hitherto remained in MS. and is
now in the Harleian Collection,) the
reader roust not expect to find those
new facts developed which are best
derived from state papers and evidence
of that kind. These are seldom open
to the contemporary historian ; who
is, however, when unwarped by party
prejudices, well able to exhibit the
state of popular feelings and opinions*
The following extract will form a good
illustration of this remark, and will
also furnish a fair specimen of Sir
John Hayward's style. It treats of
circumstances which have been stated
to the same effect by several of his
contemporaries, but we think nerer
in a more vivid and effective way.
** The Queene was not negligent on her
part to descend to all pleasing behavior,
which seemed to proceede from a natural!
gentlenesse of dispositione, and not from
any strayned desire of popularity or in-
sinnatione. Shee gave due respect to all
sorts of persones, wherein the quicknesse
of her spirit did worke more actively than
did her eyes. When the people made the
ayre ring with praying to Uod for her
prosperity, shee thanked them with ex-
ceeding livciinesse both of countenance
'100
Rrview. — Sir John Hayward's Elizabeth. . [April,
ami \ny«'o, nnd wislietl iicitlitT i>rosperity
noi-sifity t<i lit'i' >rlfo, which init^ht not
hri* fur th«ir coinrnon ^ood. As she
j»a>Sftl hy tlif Coinpanyi's of the City,
standiiii; in their livcryrs, shi'C tookc par-
ticuhir Lnowhulgi' of them, and graced
thfui Nvith many witty formalityos of
sprci'h. Shoe dilicrntly both obscr\'cd
and cunimtMid'Ht suoli drviscs as were pro-
Fcntotl unto her, and to that rnd some-
times caused her coach to stand still,
sometimes to be removed to places of best
advantage for hearing and for sight ; and
in tlie mean time fairly intreatud the peo-
]de to be >iicnt. And when shee under-
stoode not the meaning of any rej)resen-
tatitme, or could not jjcrfeetly hearc some
s)>eeehes that wer made, shee caused the
same to be declared unto her. • * * When
any got>d wishes were east f<)rth for her
vertuims and religious government, shee
would lift up her hands towards Heaven,
and desire the people to answer, Amen.
When it was told her that an auncient
Citizen turned his heade backe and wept :
* I warrant you* (said shee) ' it is for joy ;*
and so in very deede it was. She cheer-
fully received not only rich giftes from
persons of worth, but Nosegayes, Floweres,
RoFe-marie branches, and such like pre-
sents, offered unto her from very meane
persones, insomuch as it may truly be
saide, that there was neyther courtesy nor
cost cast away that daye uppon her. It
is incredible how often shee caused her
roach to staye, when any made offer to
approach unto her, whither to make pe-
titione, or whither to manifest their loving
affectiones.
** Hereby the people, to whom no mu-
sicke is soe sweetc as the affability of ther
Prince, were so strongly stirred to love
and joyc, that all men contended how they
might most effectually testify the same ;
some with plausible acclamations, some
with sober prayers, and many with silent
and true-hearted teares, which were then
seen to melt from their eyes. And after-
wardes, departing home, they so stretched
every thing to the highest streyne, that
they inflamed the like affectiones in otheres.
It is certaine, that thes high humilities,
joyned to justice, are of greater power to
winnc the hearts of people than any, than
all other vertues beside." p. 16.
Again, after giving the Queen's re-
ply to the Parliament's recommenda-
tion to her of marriage. Hay ward says,
" These wer her wordes ; there wantcth
nothing but tlie grace wherewith shee
delivered them, which gave such life to
that which shee spake that not onely
satisfied, but almost amazed, those that
wer present. And, having once wonne
8
opini(me, every poynt of her behaviour
was afterwards observed, extolled, admired
as excellent. And lo this purpose have 1
declared this passage at large, that, there-
by, wj may perceive by what actions and
abili:yes shee advanced herselfe to the
highest pitch both of love and feare with
ali her subjects, the true temper whereof
is the heart of honour."
In editing this volume Mr. Bruce
has, with his usual good judgment,
abstained from any redundancy of
illustration ; but his notes, though
they occupy little space, are valuable
from the references they supply, and
particularly from their very careful
adjustment of dates. With the intro-
ductory memoir of the author — a
matter hitherto deficient in our bio-
graphical literature, he has taken more
than ordinary pains, and we beg to
point it out to notice as by no means
the least interesting portion of the
volume.
DeliciiB Liieraria: a new volume of
Table-Talk. 12wo.
THIS is a literary banquet com-
posed of a variety of dishes, of foreign
as well as home production, and very
pleasantly seasoned with the attic salt
of the Modern Athens. The editor
has evinced much skill in connecting
" old saws and modern instances ;"
and frequently the illustration fur-
nished to a fact or an opinion by
juxta- position is as unexpected as it
is apt and forcible. We give as a
specimen the following article on
" MoNACHTSM. — One of the Oxford
divines, whose writings are now much
spoken of, has so expressed himself as if
he wished the revival of some kind of
Monachism. * Great towns will never be
evangelized merely by the parochial sys-
tem ; they are beyond the sphere of the
parish priest, burdened as he is with the
endearments and anxieties of a fiunily.
.... It has lately come into my head,
that the present state of things in Eng-
land makes an opening for reviving the
monastic system I think of patting
this view forward under the 'title of
* Project for reviving Religion in great
towns.' Certainly colleges of unmarried
priests (who might of course retire to a
living when they could and liked,) would
be the cheapest possible way of providing
for the spiritual wants of a large popu-
lation You must have diteent ior
monachifm in a Christian country; lo
1840.]
Miscellaneous Reviews.
401
make your choice.' (Froude's Remain*,
cited in Dr. Pusey't Letter to the Lord
Bishop of Oxford, p. 208 note.) These
opinions are perhaps more strange than
new ; for views very like thete were held
by Swift. ' The institution of convents/
•aya the editor of Swiftiana [or Swift
himsolf ?] seems in one point a strain of
great wisdom, there being few irregulari-
ties in human passions, that may not have
recourse to vent themselves in some of
these orders,* which are so many retreats
for the speculative, the melancholy, the
proud, the tileat, the politic, and the mo-
rose, to spend their lives, and evaporate
the obnoxioua particlei t /or each qf
whom/ says Swift forcibly, ' we are
forced to provide a teveral eeet of religion
to keep them quiet J* "
The editor has made a considerable
accession to his "wee bookie" by a
selection of seventy- six passages from
the " Democritie " of Drummond of
Hawthornden, which he gives under
the title of Drummondiana, In his
introductory remarks he states that
" the ridiculous charges against Drum-
mond which the querulous Gifford
and others have raised up " from
Drummond's " Informations be Ben
Jonson," "have been triumphantly
refuted by Sir Walter Scott, Mr.
C'ampbeli, Mr. David Laing, and Pro-
fessor Wilson. 'The furious invective
of Gifford,' says the judicious Hallam,
is absurd. Any one else would have
been thankful for so much literary
anecdoteV " Whilst this last remark
is very just, and though Gifford 's
language may have been extravagant
and perhape absurd, still we cannot
agree that Gifford was wholly without
grounds for his reprobation of Drum-
mond, or that it is possible to justify
the latter entirely in his sentiments
towards his confiding brother poet.
One of Drummond's stories is this :—
" To a youBg boy coming to seek his
godfather's blessing (who was thought to
be too familiar with his mother) a atander
by prayed him not to take the name of
God in vain."
Which story is applied to Sir William
D'Avenant and his godfather Shak-
speare, as told to Spence by Pope, and
qaoted by the present editor in his
note. The fact of Shakspeare frt-
quenting the Crown at Oxford when
kept by Davenant's father is stated by
Anthony ^ Wood in his memoir of Sir
William (Athenae Oxon.) ; and U)e
scandalous story of Pope and Spence
is also extant in Aubrey's Anecdotes.f
Again, under the title of LeHrange-
ana, the editor has availed himself
of some of the anecdotes published
by Mr. Thoms in his Anecdotes and
Traditions (for the Camden Society),
with a few fresh illustrations.
The only error we have noticed in
this book is the long-established one
on the origin of Newspapers in Eng-
land, the correction of which by Mr.
Watts was noticed in our number for
January, p. 61, hut we have no doubt
our author's page was previously
printed.
The Guide qf the Hebrew Student, 9(e.
Bjf II. H. Bernard Holme, Teacher in the
Univereity qf Cambridge, — Mr. Bernard,
in an excellent preface, has explained the
purpose and nature of his volume ; as in
this country there exist no elementary
books in Hebrew, as in other languages,
the Hebrew learner is obliged at once to
go to the Bible, '< at once the most aa-
eient, the most dassical, and, perhaps we
may add the most difficult ; here anoma-
lous forms and sentences of intrinsic
phraseology retard his progress at every
step. Maeoretic notes, intelligible only to
the consummate Hebraist, bewilder him
in every line ; Kerie and Kethibe assail
^ See a much older amplification of this idea, in the Ordre de Bel Eyse, a satyrieal
poem of the age of Edward I., printed in Wright's Politioal Songs, published by
the Camden Society.
t Thus (imperfectly) printed in " liCtters from the Bodleian, " 8vo. 1613 : " Mr.
William Shakespeare was wont to goe into Warwickshire once a year, and did com-
monly in his journey lye at this house in Oxon, where he was exceedingly respected.
***** (A passage omitted of which the import is left to be guessed.) Now 8' W"
would sometimes, when he was pleasant over a glasse of wine with Us most intimate
friends,—^, g. Sam. Butler (author of Hudibras, &c.) say that it seemed to him that
he writt with the very spirit that Shakespeare (ttc;, and seemed contented eaoogh to he
thought his son."
GiivT. Mao. Vol. XIH. 3 F
402
Miscilluniaui Reniewi.
him on every page, and aeemU dhrenified
in use as in shape oppose a fonnidahle
barrier in every word." It appears that
in Germany the want of Hebrew school-
books was felt and supplied by Wo\fijohn
of Breslau, and Ben Zeeb of Vienna, both
great Hebraists. From the works by the
above aathors this volame is selected of
the purest Biblical Hebrew. It is divided
into three sections ; from the study of it,
master of nearly all the particles, acquaint-
ed with most of the idioms, and in posses-
sion of the greater number of the words
that occur in the Bible, — the student may
approach the divine volume with a feeling
of assurance that he will be able to unlock
the treasures of its divine wisdom. Of
.the value of the work we think no doubt
can be entertained, and we should confi-
dently augur its success.
and improvement of the Anurieu QhucIi
serve to confnte the RoiMnfat, who warn 1 1 1
that the Church of England li nutaiiied
merely by the tecolar arm, tad that in the
event of her losing that rapport ibe ntt
of necessity become extinct." The wlwle
work will be read with pkaaore and in*
struction, and the Appenoiz containaeome
curiousinformation on population, cttmafcr,
&c.
Mariamne, the last of the Atmonean
Princeeees. — To take a favourable view of
this tale it would be said that it possessed
much splendour of description, variety of
incidents, and many interesting changes of
passion, and much striking development
of character. The character of Mariamne
is well sustained, and commands through-
out our sympathy and admiration. On the
unfavourable side it must be observed that
many of the characters are faintly and im-
perfectly sketched, that of Cleopatra is a
complete failure — that there is a kind of
tumidity or exaggeration in the sentiments
uttered ; in which, as being beyond the
ordinary line of our general feelings and
affections, we cannot participate. The
story also being drawn from Jewish history
perhaps is not in itself inviting; and from
the remoteness of the times and our ig-
norance of the habits and manners of the
people, the details of such fictions can
never be truly and naturally filled up. If
the writer ventures beyond the outline,
from want of knowledge he is sure to fail.
We must add, however, that whoever was
the author, is a person of talent, and ap-
parently of poetical feeling ; and wants,
perhaps, only another canvass to make a
more pleasing picture.
America and the American Church, by
Rev. H. Caswall. — We recommend this
volume as containing the fullest, and most
impoitant account of the Episcopal Church
in America, of its rise, progress, and fu-
ture prospects that we have ever seen.
We hear that it is increasing with unpre-
cedented rapidity, and that a thousand
republican clergymen and five hundred
thousand republican laymen are contend-
ing for a liturgy and for the " Sacred
regimen of Bishops." The author justly
remarks that "The wonderfdl progreu
FelthanCi Retohee, Dkrimt amd Moral,
l2mo. — A very elegant reprint of a well-
known and ingenious work wliidi hit been
praised as much ai it deaenret. For the
character of the author the best worfca to
consult are. Censure Literaria, vol. i. p.
24, vol. vii.p.379. Bnmef a Spedmena,
and Hallam's Introd. to Literaij Hirtoiy.
** There are some persons/' aaya an in-
genious writer, ''who consider Charles
the First as a sort of Ckriii IJU Seeomd.
The blasphemy is on record ; Owen Fd-
tham is the person who cominitted«it." It
is a pity that Mr. Pickering did not iniert
a curious and little-known poem of Fd-
tbam's that we possess, whidi hat mmch
merit ; we quote four lines,
" Nor could he only in his native speech
Robe his ripe thoughts ; bat even ^
copious, rich,
And lofty Greek with Latine did appear
In him, as Orient in their proper sphere,'*
&c.
This poem is not printed in his Loioria.
In our copy of this author's works we find
several notes which we made in reading
it; among others two or three paHages
which show that Pope was acquainted
with them and turned them to advantage.
In c. Ivii. what is the meaning of the fol-
lowing sentence : " Lewd ones (i. e.
vices) are like the miitaken IdoUhorn m
88, which under pretence of guiding, will
draw us into ha«utl and loss among onr
enemies." Does this allude to any frise
signals held out by the Englidi, to mis-
lead the Armada ? We must say in jus-
tice that Mr. Pickering is the only pnb-
Usher who puts forth new editions of works
of standard value, amid the loads of
modern rubbish that are making the press
sweat and groan ; but the most valuable
work in the whole circle of English litera-
ture that he could give, would be a new
and accurate edition of " Bacon de Dig-
nitate et Augmentis Sdentiarum," with
a good introduction and notes. We also
want the unpublished sermons of Jeremy
Taylor.
J View of all Religimt mow erttmi
among Mankind, Sfc. ^e, BpT. Conder.
— We must do Mr. Conder the justice
1840.]
Miscellaneovs Reviews.
403
to lay, that his work evidently shows
the care and labour with which it has
been collected ; and we most also add,
(generally speaking) the fairness and
impartiality with which the materials haye
been used : and when the author shows
any leaning towards the opinions of the
religious body to which he belongs, it is
never manifested in any way unb^oming
the historian. The bMt authorities have
been consulted and read, and a vast mass
of curious and uncommon information has
been the result of Mr. Conder's studies ;
and we know of no point connected with
the history of religion, or the opinions
of mankind upon it, in which this work
may not ))e successf^ly consulted for the
information required. It is altogether
written in a very superior manner, and
with far wider information, than any^of
the previous works on the same subject.
Practical Sermons ^ by the Rev. W. M.
Hunter. — ^This volume is dedicated to the
Lord Bishop of Barbadoes, to whom the
author is chaplain. The sermons are plain,
practical, and well composed. That on
the character of Elijah, and some towards
the conclusion of the volume, as the zv.
and xvi. struck us as being well reasoned,
and yet the reasons and arguments made
level to common capacity. On the sub-
ject of Sermons, especially those addressed
to the middle and lower ranks, it strikes us
to ask whether it would not be as well for
preachers not alwayt so to use the word
" Satan/' as to convey the notion of
pernonaliiy t but to speak also of the
principle of evil, as distinct from the/iertoii
of the /alien Angel; on this subject we
should like to know the opinion of our
great divines.
Essays on Romanism f by the author qf
Essays on the Church. — This volume may
be considered as a commentary on Dr.
Wiseman'b Lectures, in which the author's
purpose is to confute the arguments ad>
vanced in favour of the Roman Religion
and the Papal Supremacy. Differing from
the author, as we do in many points, in
his Essays on the Church, and his view of
the Oxford Divinity, yet we gladly ob-
serve that he has here given a work very
useful for the confutation of errors most
widely spread, most triumphantly disclos-
ed, and most actively inculcated. The
progress of Roman Catholic doctrines in
England at the present time, among the
lower orders, is a fact worthy of the most
accurate investigation as to its causes, as
well as to the proper means of arresting
iu fatal profrefls.
Sir Redmond, a Metrical Romance. By
Mrs. S. Thomas. — The only objection we
have to Mrs. Thomas's Poem arises from
her not having sufficiently studied the na-
ture of English Metrical composition, con-
sequently many of her verses are incorrect
in measure, as
" Many a warrior, knight, and lovely dame,"
is defective in nfoot, and at p. 6.
" For having held inviolate honour's laws,"
has a syllable too much; again, at p. 5,
** gone'' and ''borne" cannot be ad-
mitted as rhymes. We should adrise her
to submit her future manuscripts to some
friend on whose judgment she has confi-
dence ; who vrill tell her that, in the pre-
sent day, genius without correctness and
knowledge vrill not procure fame.
Henry of Guise, by G. P. R. James,
£sg. 3 vols. — Mr. James chose his sub-
ject with judgment, — one that was worthy
of his pencil, and that could call forth
the powers which he possesses, of vigorous
description, both of nature, and of the
human character; and we| think that he
has produced one of his most successftil
works. The interest of the story is not
only well preserved, but increases strongly,
as the fate of the Duke of Guise ap-
proaches its fearful termination ; the dir-
cumstanoes attending which are brought
together, and unfolded vrith good effect.
The character of the boT *' Ignati" is
pleasing ; that of the Abbe de Boisguerin
drawn vrith skill; and, though we are un-
able to transcribe any parts of the work
as specimens of its value, we can recom-
mend it as one that, being a fiction, ac-
companies the real history of the time in
no unworthy riralry.
Minuiia ; or little things for Chnt's
Flock. By Rev. J. W. Piers, Rector qf
Morden, 8fc. — ^The author has prefixed a
very modest and becoming address to the
reader in his little work : ** Every
star (he says) emits light. The least are
not useless, though imperceptible to the
human eye. Little things are beneficial
and necessary, or God would not have
made them. The smaller veins through
which the blood circulates conduce to the
welfare of the body. The vridow's mite
was accepted. If my mite of meditation
may but be blessed to the poor of Christ's
flock, they vrill with me join in giving
glory to God," «tc. The work itself con-
sists of meditations and thoughts on diffi-
cult texU of Scripture,— which are justly
deduced, plainly and simply expressed,
and bearing marks of a very pioos ud
devont miod.
404
FINE ARTS.
WORKS or eiBSON.
Mr. Gibson (who remains at Rome)
will this jear finish his Amazon, executed
for Lord Grosrenor. This statue , which
would be six feet high if the figure were
upright, will be one of his best works.
It htti been his aim to oombine the mas-
ottline character with the feminine form ;
and he has been very successful. In his
Tenus, exhibited last year, he endeaTOur-
ed, somewhat in the same spirit, to give
more of the sereritj of the style of sculp-
ture as seen in the Venus of Mylos, than
of the graces and delicacy which belong
to the Medieean. Mr. Gibson is also
proceeding with his second statue of Mr.
Hnskisson, intended for the Custom House
at Liyerpool. It is larger than the former,
now in the Liverpool Cemetery, and is
eight feet high. The right arm of the
statue is down on the thigh, holding a
scroll, whilst the left is placed across
the breast near the face, the head bent a
little forward, and looking downward in
deep thought. All the artists who have
seen this statue consider it to be Gibson's
finest work, and as much surpassing his
former statue of Huskisson. He has also
lately completed a bas-relievo of Jocaste
separating her sons Eteocles and Polyni-
ces when about to fight ; and another, for
the Earl of Carlisle, of Amalthea giving
goat's milk to the infant Jupiter, intended
to be placed over a chimney-piece. A
Cupid disguised as a Shepherd is nearly
finished for the Grand Duke of Russia ;
and a copy of Psyche carried by Zephyrs
is in progress for his Imperial Highness.
His brother, Mr. Benj. Gibson, has
lately sent to Liverpool a copy of the last
mentioned work. He has an original
composition in hand, of a Shepherd Boy
and Dog, of the size of life.
MR. batter's picture OF THE
CORONATION.
Messrs. Hodgson and Graves's gallery,
in Pall Mall, has been crowded by visi-
tors to see the picture of ** The Corona-
tion of Her Majesty Queen Victoria,"
painted by George Hayter, esq. her ma-
jesty's historical and portrait painter, who
has produced a work that must greatly
add to the already well-desdnred deputa-
tion of the painter of ** The iSial of Lord
William Russell.' ' The point df time se-
lected by Mr. Hayter is that at which her
Majesty, seated in St. Edward's Chsir,
having been actually crowned by the
Archbishop of Canterbury, is attending
to the most reverend prelate's exhortation
from the steps of the altar.
PANORAMA OF BENARB8.
Mr. Burford has just openAl, at his
lower and largest room in Leioester-sq.
one of the most picturesque panoramas that
his beautiful and fertile art has ever pro-
duced. The subject is the sacred Hin&>o
city of Benares, with its templesi some
Mahomedan mosques, and splendid Hrer
scenery, enlivened with native vessels of
every form and hue. The ludd hnlUabcy
of the water throughout is admirable ;
and the shores are thronged with a busy
concourse of devotees and inhabitants. A
dark Hindoo corpse, committed to the sa-
cred waters, is seen floating kt its last
bed of flags and rushes, and the greedy
vtdtures are performing the needfid, but
(to European ideas) the horrid obsequks
of the dead. Altogether, for a represent"
ation oTlndian character, costume, and
customs, this is a noble performaneis ;
and combines very striking festnres of
land and water scenetry.
In George-street, H«iover-sqw(r0y Mr.
Bewick has opened to Hew his tattSkntt
cartoons, or large studies, from the works
of M. Angdo, the Prophets and Sybfls,
which adorn the Sistine Chapel aft MOtte,
executed for the late President of the
Royal Academy. Several other curious
gems of art, particularly a copy of Cupid
and Swans after Raffaelle, are also from
the hand of the same artist.
A valuable set of pictures has also been
received at the Ecole des Beaux Afts at
Paris, being twelve large copies (18 feet
by 12) of parts of paintings in the ** Six-
tine Chapel," by the late M. Sigalon ; they
are to be placed where his copy Of " The
Last Judgment" has long been filed, fft the
chapel of the former convent of thePetits
Augustins, now converted into theBO(de.
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
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Letters of Horace Walpole Earl of Or-
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House of Saxe Coburg Gotha. By tike
Rev. Edward TAUERscmnvr. ISno.
With a Portrait of Prince iUbert. 4f.6if.
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Liletary and Saeniific Iniellifenoe.
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406
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[April,
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PORBIGN LITIRART INTBLLIOBKCX.
A very destructive and lamentable fire
has occurred in the library of the Roman
College. Upwards of 370 manuscripts
have been destroyed, indnding twenty-
seven Arabic, forty-three Persian, nine
Armenian, besides a collecti<m it the
Hind(i and Chinese dramas — all of which
are unpublished, and supposed to have
had no duplicates in Europe. The num-
ber of printed books consumed has not
yet been ascertained : but 1500 volnmesy
belonging to the earliest days of printing,
are unhappily included in this portion of
the loss— as well as the valuable collection
of Greek and Latin classics, beqneatiied
to the Roman College by the odebrated
French philologist Muret (Muretns), en*
riched by the autog^ph marginal notes of
that illustrious scholar.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Locca
is making extensive purchases of rare old
Bibles and Prayer-books, and some costly
old illuminated copies of the works of our
learned thsological writers. Two large
cases filled with these valuable literary
remains have already arrived at Naples.
The sale of the library of M. Klaproth,
the distinguished orientalist, has tdien
place at Paris. It was particularly rich in
Chinese works, and the catalogoe contains
a vast fund of information in the notes, and
will be valuable to the oriental scholar.
Numerous manuscripts have been found
in the King's Library at Paris, containing
official documents relative to the Crusade
against the Albigenses, and particularly
the greater part of the proceemngs of the
Inquisition of Toulouse. M. Guisot has
ordered the whole to be published, as con-
taining the most authentic and curious
account extant of the doctrines, religious
system, and manners of the Albigenses,
as well as of their relations with their
brethren in Italy, and of the dreadful war,
which, while it annihilated that sect, in*
flicted a fatal blow on the civilisation of
the south of France.
A new edition of the celebrated Sanscrit
Vocabulary, entitled Amarakochat has just
been published by M. Loiseleur-Deslong-
champs, with a French translation. A
second volume, containing an Index, if
now in the presi .
\
1 840.] Liitrary and Scientific Intelligence. 407
A trtnalation of the Arabian Nights Feb. 6. Mr. Lnbboek in the chair. —
into Hindustani was recently published at John Parkinson, esq. and the Rev. Charles
Calcutta ; and to Arabic scholars, who un- Pritchard, M.A. were elected Fellows. —
derstand Hindustani, it must prove of Read, Observations on the Blood-cor-
great assistance, being executed with great puscles of certain species of the genus
simplicity and elegance. Although written Cervus, by George Gulliver, esq.
in Egypt by Mussulmans, the origin of Feb. 13. The Marquess of North-
the Arabian Nights is to be sought, as ia ampton, Pres. — Martin Barry, M.D. and
generally believed, in Hindustan; and a Joseph Phillimore, LL.D. were elected
translation into the current language of Fellows. — Read, Experimental Researches
the East, by a native, must afford great in Electricity, 16th series, by M. Faraday,
insight into the meaning of obscure pas- esq. D.C.L.
&ages. Feb. 20. The Marquess of Northamp-
ton, Pres. — J. Caldecott, esq. was elected
M. Augustin Thierry has just published Fellow. — Read, Observations on the Wet
a new work, entitled *' Recita des Temps Summer of 1839, by L. Howard, esq.
M^rovingiens," preceded by some general Feb. S7. The Mara, of Northampton,
remarks on the history of France, 2 vols. Pres. — ^William Jory Henwood, esq. was
8vo. This work is admitted at the Insti- elected Fellow. — A paper was partly read,
tute to compete for the Gobert prixe. M. entitled. On the chemical action of the
Mary-Lafon has sent out to the world his rays of the Solar Spectrum on prepara-
*' Tableau, Historique et Litt^raire, du tiona of Silver, and other substances, both
12"** Si^cle,*' in which he treats at great metallic and non •metallic ; and on some
length of the literature of Provence and Photographic processes ; by Sir John F.
Aquitaine at that period. His researches W. Herschel, Bart.
into the literary history of Bertrand de March b. The Marq. of Northampton,
Bom forms one of the best parti of the Prea.— Captain John Theophilus Boileau
work. was elected Fellow. — The reading of Sir
John HerschePs paper was concluded,
M. Paul Lacroix's (Bibliophile Jacob's) and three other papers read : 1. Remarks
collection of charters, documents, &c. re- on the theory of the Dispersion of Light,
lating to the history of France, in 180 vo- as connected with Polarization, by the
lumes folio, which be had been many years Rev. Baden Powell, M.A. F.R.S. ; 2. Fur-
forming, has just been sold at Paris to M, ther Particulars of the Fall of the Cold
Polain, a bookseller of Li^ in Belgium. Bokkeveld Meteorite, near the Cape of
Good Hope, by Thomas Madear, esq.
ROTAL sociiTT. F.R.S. ; 3. An Account of the Shooting
Jan. 16. J.W.Lubbock, esq. V.P. and Stars of 1095 and 1343, by Sir Francis
Treasurer, in the chair. — Read, 1. On Palgrave, K.H. F.R.S. and F.S.A.
Nobili'8 Plate of Colours, a letter firom
J. P. Gassiott, esq. ; 2. Geographical
Position of the Principal PoinU of the obological bociity.
TrianguUtion of the Califomias, and of Feb. SI. The Anniversary Meeting
the Mexican Coasts of the Pacific, with was held, when the following Fellows
the heights of the principal points of that were elected the Officers and Council for
part of the Cordilleras, by the Comte V. the ensuing year : —
Piccolomini ; 3. A Report on the co- n. ^v ^ --. » «_^^ » .., . « ^
^^^^^^ ^f fk- Pn«.iiin m,.A P.rm... PretkUnL—Tht Rev. Prof. Buckland, D.D.
operation of the Russian and German yi^^ PreHdent»,-0. B. Greenough, ei., L.
Observers, in a system of simultaneous Homer, esq., Sir Woodbine Par&h, and the
Magnetical Observations, by the Rev. H. »«▼• W. Wbewell. <8e«re/ar<M,-^. Darwin,
Lloyd; 4. On M.gn.tic.1 Oh.erv.tion. ^i^J^ll^A'^. li:::Sfer^-
in Germany, Norway, and Russia, by John Taylor, esa. C#imd/,--Artbur Aikin,
Major Sabine, V.P. esq., Francis Baify, esq.. Viscount Cole, Dr.
Jan. 23. Sir John Barrow, V.P.— fltton, W. Hopluns,e«i., It Button^
—,« luD e-^urin . LyeU, esq.. Prof. Miller, R. L Murchison, esq..
The Rev. John Pye Smith, D.D. was gf vT. w! tendarves, eiq., P. Pusey, esq., ft!
elected Fellow. — Read, 1. On the struc- Rennie, esq.. Prof. Sedgwick, and D. Sharpe,
ture of Normal and Adventitious Bone, by ^q*
Alfred Smee, esq. ; 2. An attempt to es- After the reading of the Reports from
Ublish a new and general NoUtion, ap. the Council, the President announced that
plicable to the doctrine of Life Contin- the Wollaaton Medal for 1840 had been
gencies, by Peter Hardy, esq. awarded to M. Andr^ Hubert Dumont,
Jan. 30. J. W. Lubbock, esq. Treas. for hia memoir on the Geological consti-
V.P. — James Annesley, esq. was elected tution of the province o( Li^, published
Fellow.— Read, Observationa on Single in 1832, having obtained the prixe offered
Vision with two Eyei , by T. Whtrton by the Aeademy of Bnuaeli ; and one
JoBct, esq. ywr*! procMda of the WoUiftoii ftuid
40R
Uierarjf and Scientific ItdclUgence.
EApril,
to Mr. James de Carle Sowerby, to fa-
cilitate the continuation of his researches
in Mineral Conchology.
During the morning meeting Dr. Buck-
land read a portion of his address, Tn-
cluding notices of the following deceased
Fellows and Foreign Members : — Mr.
Davies Gilbert, Capt. Alexander Gerard,
Sir John St. Aubyn, Colonel Silvertop,
Mr. Hunton, Prof. Esmark, M. Gim-
bemat, and Prof. Mohs ; also an eulogy
on the late Mr. William Smith, the father
of English Geology. And in the evening
he rei^ the remainder of the address.
MICEOBCOPICAL lOCIBTY.
A new Society has been established
under this title, under the presidency of
Professor Owen. The first meeting was
attended by upwards of a hundred mem-
bers and visitors. The President an-
nounced, that since the Provisional Meet-
ing on the 20th of December the number
of members had increased to 110, and a
further addition of 39 names was an-
nounced in the course of the evening,
making a total of 139 original members
of the Societv ; it having been determined
that those who joined the Society on or
before the first night of meeting should be
considered originid members.
Mr. Owen communicated a paper ** On
the Application of Microscopic Examina-
tions of the structure of Teeth to the de-
termination of Fossil Remains.''
At the second meeting on the 19th
Feb. a paper was read by Mr. Quekett,
On the development of the Vascular tissue
of Plants.
At the third meeting on the 18th March
a paper was read by Mr. Edwards, on se-
veral species of infusoria, with remarks on
the analogy which they present between
animal and vegetable bodies. An animated
discussion ensued, in which Dr. Lindley,
Dr. Farre, Mr. Varley, and other mem-
bers, took part.
ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY.
March 10. The first meeting of this
Society for this session was held at their
apartments, 49 Pall Mall ; the Marquess
of Northampton, Vice-President, in the
chair. — After the preliminary business a
ballot for the election of Fellows took
place, when 189 noblemen, ladies, and
gentlemen, were added to the list. At
the next meeting the plans for laying out
the gardens in Regent's Park (for which
there is a great competition) will be exhi-
bited to the Fellows and their friends. The
designs are to be sent in on Saturday,
April 4th, and the exhibition of them will
take on the Wednesday following.
ROYAL IK8TITUTI OF ]IRITI«H
ARCHITRCTt.
Feb. 17. Mr. John Shaw in the chair.
Some good specimens of Coade*B artifioial
stone, and some ornaments in stamped
leather, were exhibited. Mr. C. Henry
Smith read a valuable paper on the nature
and properties of various stones used for
the purposes of building. The writer con-
fined himself chiefly to the lime-stones,
reserving the oolites for another opportu-
nity. Too little care had been used in
England in the selection of stone for build-
ing, and the consequence was that half
the ecclesiastical and baronial edifices re-
maining, were in a mouldering condition.
Neither had the tint of the atoiie been re-
garded sufficiently; in Bristol Cathedral
for example, a red sandstone and a yel-
lowish magnesian limestone are oaed to-
gether indiscriminately. It aeema un-
certain whether Caen stone was used here
previous to the Conquest ; from the period
of that event however, up to the timt of
Henry VIII. it was extensively employed,
especially for deoorations. St* Geoi|;e*s
chapel at Windsor, the centre tower at
Canterbury cathedral, and Henry VH#*s
Chapel at Westminster, are of this material.
Reigate stone should not be uaedezter-
nally, as it inevitably decompoaes. That
portion of the Banqueting-houie at White-
hall which was restored a few years ago,
namely the festoons and decorationa at the
top, were of Reigate stone. Cragleitii aand-
stone is an excellent material : according to
Professor Daniells it contains ninety-eight
of silica. The cost of cutting it, in eon-
lequence, ia four times as great •• that of
cutting Portland stone.
March 2. Mr. HeSiry Kendall in the
chair. The Council brought np their re-
port on certain essays and drawings which
had been submitted to them in competi-
tion for medals ofifered by the Inatitate.
From this it appeared that alihough the
productions were highly creditable to their
several authors, the Council did not con-
sider them of such a character aa to entitle
them to the reward proposed.
Mr. Donaldson, the Foreign Seoretary,
read a description of the discoveriea made
at the Porta Maggiortt Rome, communi-
cated by Si^ore Canina, Corresponding
Member. Of these discoveries an acocmnt
was given in our number for April 1839,
p. 420.
Mr. Charles Henry Smith deliTered a
second lecture on the properties of stones
used for the purposes of building, con-
fining himself chiefly to the oolites, which
extend in England over an area of 300
miles. He justly reprehended the «k-
tensive use made of the aofteit of the
Bath stones, known •• Fadey-])owB itoae.
1840.]
Literary and Scientific InteUigenee,
409
That from Box Quarry was infinitely more
enduring; but being harder, and there-
fore mor6 expensive to work, had been
superseded by the Farley-Down. Henry
the Seventh's Chapel ut Westminster,
upon the restoration of which jl,'40,00()
had been expended, was already in a state
of defcay, and in 120 years would be a ruin.
Fdr the restorations now going on at the
Abbey th^ same sort of stone, he regretted
to say, was being used. Portland stone
was first used extensively in the metro-
polis by Ifllgo Jones. The characteristics
of good and bad Portland stone Mr.
Smith stated to be in his opinion ajs
follow : —
Good, — Preponderance of weight ; dark
coloured ; of uniform colour ; compact
and crystalline ; hard to crush.
Bad. — Deficiency of weight ; light co-
loured ; party coloured ; open and pow-
dery ; friable.
In all cases the north and east sides of
old buildings arc found to be in a better
state of preservation than the south and
west sides, — in consequence, doubtless,
of the greater alterations of temperature
to which they are exposed. In the words
of Davy, since human science has disco-
vered the causes of decay, it is not too
much to expect that human art will ulti-
mately be able to apply a remedy.
March 10*. A paper was read on a new
syHttin of framing floors and roofs of Urge
ripan, and applicable to bridges, whether
of timber or iron, communicated by Herr
I^ves, uf Hanover, Corresponding Mem-
ber. Sir Gardner Wilkinson, Honorary
Member, proposed a question respecting
thf " origin of the vertical line in archi-
ttcture, and the return to the horizontal
line in Italian buildings," which led to
^ome discussion.
The medals of the Institute will be
awarded next year to the authors of the
be!4t essiays on the following subjects : —
On tiie distinctive style of Inigo Junes
as compared with that of other architects
of the ralladian school.
On iron r(M>fs, shewing the comparative
expense, duraliility, and strength, as wn-
traitted with timber roofs, illustrated by
existing examples.
The hame medallion will be awarded, in
addition to a premium of ten guineas,
oflVred by Miss Haokett, for the best re-
vtoratitm of Crosby Place, as it existed in
the early part of the 17th century.
THC ARCHITICTrRR OP THE .VINi:*
TRINTH CE.VTUBY.
The architectural history of England,
for the last forty or fifty years, will be
read with peculiar interest : inasmuch as
it records a series offsets, unpartUeled in
Gbnt. M.\o. Vol. XIII.
the annals of any country, or of any pe-
riod of time. In all nations, and ineyery
succeeding age, there seems to have been
some one particular style, that, for the
time of its duration, was almost unirer-
sally prevalent ; and when the fashion of
it passed away, the architecture of the
periods that followed was in each of them,
to about an equal extent, distinguished
by a similar uniformity. In the ases that
have passed, we can scarcely ever discorer
the adoption of a diversity of styles, at
one and the same time ; and we cannot
but remark, that it has been reserved for
the nineteenth century, and especially for
own country, to exhibit to the world the
every day ocosrrence, of buildings being
unceasingly constructed, in styles that in
a chronological point of view are the most
remote from each other, as well as on
principles which are diametrically oppo-
site.
All these styles have been carefully
studied by the enterprising architects ojf
the united kingdom ; and the result haa
been, that both in the domestic and eccle-
siastical departments of the art, an almost
unlimited variety of edifices has arisen,
that, wherever the means have been ade-
quate to the end, would have done honour
to the several ages and countries, whose
architectural remains have aiforded models
to exercise the ingenuity and application of
this industrious class of Brituh artists.
Were it not, that the extent of our printed
records of late years has been altogether
unexampled, the antiquaries of future ages
would be doubtless lost in amaxement, on
contemplating the very opposite works»
many of which are perfect in their re-
spective kinds, that have been raised after
the examples of ancient Greece and Ronie#
-—of Italy during the middle and still later
ages, — of England, at the time of the
Norman Conquest, and of the three svc-
ceeding styles, that have each been long
distinguished for their peculiar beautiat.
Nor have these been all, that the historim
is required to enumerate: for as> from
the days of Dioclesian, if not before hii
time, the five orders of Roman architec-
ture had for several centuries been de-
based and confounded, till their revival in
a modem age, — so were the three stylet
of English architecture, that successiTelr
arose from the twelfth to the fifteenth
centuries, consigned in like manner to e
8|>ecies of debasement, the fortune of
which has been singular and curious.
After the decline of the Norman archi-
tecture, which was but a debasement of
the Roman, it was succeeded in their se-
veral turns by the three styles alluded t%
whicli liave been called by Mr. Rickroan,
as distinguishing and most appropriate
3G
410
Literary and Mentific InteUigence,
[April,
t^rms, Early Enghuhf Decorated Engluh^
and Perpendicular Engli»h. T)ie debase-
ment ensued in what has often been called
the T\tdor Aye ; and, though with some
considerable variationM, continued to be
the universally prevailing style, through
the reigns of the virgin Queen and her
successor King James the First. De-
basement though it be accounted, and
strangely mixed with no small portions
derived from the recently attempted re-
vival of the Roman orders, it is yet a style
that in our times seems to be peculiarly
dear to Englishmen. And justly is it so.
For, in the construction of country resi-
dences, large or small, there is no other
that harmonizes so well with the general
■cenery of our native land. Amid the va-
riety of orders and styles, the ornaments
of ages more or less remote, that have
been extensively adopted in the buildings
of the present century, the public estima-
tion has decidedly marked this peculiar
style as its own ; and the appropriate term
Elizabethan will descend to our posterity,
as designating the many fine examples,
that have lately been modelled from ex-
isting edifices of the last reign of the
Tudors, and the first of the Stuarts.
Of the many Churches that have been
built, several may be observed as success-
ful erections after the three pure orders
of Greece, which are now perfectly well
understood. The Roman orders have not
been so frequently followed; but, as in
the domestic department, the designs for
a considerable majority of sacred edifices
have been sought in our own land. With-
in the last few years many Norman and
Early English churches have arisen, a few
of the Decorated, and still more of the
Perpendicular style. If there be any cause
for regret, it is in cases where the means
have not been sufficiently ample, to do
justice to the acknowledged ta^te and skill
of the respective architects.
The styles that in our age have been
adopted, especially for Z>owm/ic purposes,
were derived however from a still wider
range. The ancient and massive temples
of Egypt have given rise to some correct
imitations, though on a very small scale ;
and where a lighter and truly oriental style
has pleased the fancy, China and Hindos-
tan, Persia and Turkey, have afforded de-
signs, which, though not in accordance
with the general taste, have contributed
to augment the variety, so strikingly pre-
sented by modem architecture. To come
nearer home ; the timber houses of Swit-
zerland, with their exterior stairs and gal-
leries, and the older mansions of the same
material, so general in this country and
on the continent, while the ancient forests
were yet in being, have each had their
practical admirers, and with eqtud suc-
cess. The thatched cottage, which seems
best fitted for the abode of humble life, in
the more retired villages and fields, has
been constructed in numerous instances
for the occasional residence of the highest
classes of society, and even of royalty it*
self. In one remarkable instance, (the
Royal Cottage in Windsor Park) the re-
quisite extent of building, for the accom-
modation of a large establishment, was so
judiciously concealed by varied plantations
and evergreen fences on well choten spots,
that the views of the cottage firom differ^
ent parts of the lawns and gardens could
not possibly offend the eye of taste, bjdii-
playing too broad a mass of building, in
proportion to the height, which of neces-
sity was very limited.
The old castellated buildings of France
and Scotland, with their characteristic ac-
companiments of round embattled towers
and high conical roofs, appear to have
been but once imitated in England, in the
Penitentiary on the outskirts of West-
minster : while a style, of a very different
class, called modem Italian, Romanesque,
or Tuscan, has met with many admirers,
and been extensively adopted, for domestic
use, during the last twenty years. It may
be either simple in its outline and details,
or admit of considerable and even extreme
enrichment ; and it is well suited for many
important purposes, in no ordinary de-
gree. Several judicious and commodious
structures of the kind have been erected,
varying greatly in form, as occasion may
have required, but all evidently bespeak-
ing a common origin. It may either be
square and compact in figure ; or, consis-
tently with the utmost convenience, and
without any violation of rule, it may be
planned with the greatest possible irregu-
larity. The effect is often exceedingly
picturesque ; and future additions may be
made, without the slightest injury to this
desirable and attractive quality.
One of the earliest structiu*e8 in this
style, that excited more than ordinary at-
tention, is the tower ^which was bnut on
Lansdown, near Bath, by William Beck-
ford, esq. soon after he had disposed of
his estate at Fonthill, in the year 1992,
Of the buildings that are square and eom^
pacty as best suited for street architecture,
perhaps the most elegant specimens are,
the Travellers' Club House in Pall Mall,
the two fronts of which were designed
from the Pandulfi Palace at Florence ;
the Reform Club House, recently erected
in the same street; the Club Chambers,
about the same time, in the first division
from thence of Regent Street ; and the
London and Westminster Bank, near the
Bank of England. The edifices thathtTO
1840.]
Literary and Scientific Inlelligenci,
41 i
been designed with more or less of irre-
f/ularity, as being well adapted for country
residences, are already very numerous.
There are indeed many to be admired ;
and without depreciating their peculiar
merits, it may suffice to mention the hand-
some and commodious house, built a few
years ago at Bromley Hill in Kent, by
the late Lord Famborough ; and of still
more recent erection, and for a purpose
interesting to humanity, Tue Brook Villa,
near Liverpool, the property and residence
of John Owen, esq.
In the last century, nearly all the more
costly structures of the period were pro-
perly speaking of the Palladian School,
They were according to the revived archi-
tecture of Rome ; and admitted of no de-
viation whatever from the strict rules of
the Fire Orders^ as laid down by the best
professors of the art, in the Augustan age.
For the domestic retirement of rural life,
neither these, nor the still more rigid re-
gulations of the pure Grecian orders, have
had any decided preference shewn them
in our days, compared with the much
greater number of mansions, that have
been raised on plans of more unlimited
freedom, both of outline and decoration.
This liberty has been found, and exten-
sively acted upon, in following the Eliza-
bethan examples of our own land, as well
as those of modem times in Italy, which
arc correctly designated by the term Ro-
manesque. These two styles, which com-
prise some principles of affinity to each
other, that have occasionally produced a
re»emblance by no means distant, are to
he seen in high perfection, as the omi-
ments of many a fair park and lawn, in
almost every district of the kingdom.
To sum up these remarks on the Archi-
tf < turc of the Nineteenth Century, it may
be added, that in the hemisphere which
contains Kurope, Asia, and Africa, the
buildings of every country, that either is,
or has been civilized, have been carefully
examined, for the advancement of the art
in the united kingdom. Saxon.
OXFORD ARCHITKCTURAL hOCICTY.
Feb. JG. A paper was read by Mr.
Derick, on St. Mary Magdalene Church,
Oxford, showing from a careful examina-
tion of the construction, that tlic original
chancel is the work of the twelfth century,
though little of the original work now rc-
mHins. Tlic very ^inf^llar ea»t window
he showed to be of the fourteenth century,
by careful drawings and sections of de-
tails: this window is remarkably plain,
though belonging to the st>Ie culled
•• Decorated." The north aisle is the
work of tb« tbirtccQtb century, though
much mutilated. The beautiful south
aisle, or cha))el, is of the time of Edward
II., and supposed to be founded by that
monarch as a chapel to the monastery of
the Carmelites or White Friars, he having
given them his palace of Beaumont for
their monastery, in fultilment of a vow
made at the battle of Bannockbum, by
the advice of his confessor, who was a
monk of this fraternity. The nave and
tower were rebuilt in the reign of Henry
VIII., but in the tower a quantity of old
materiab, brought from Rewley Abbey at
the time the church there was pulled down,
are built into the later work. Mr. Derick
showed, by his drawings and sections, that
the very singular window on the west side
of the tower is quite of the French Flam-
boyant style, not only in its general
character, but also in its mouldings and
details, and by the manner in which it is
built into the other work must have been
brought from some other building, the
masonry as well as the style being
different from that of the tower itself.
He then supported the conclusions he had
drawn from the examination of the build-
ing, by extracts from Dugdale and Antony
Wood.
March 11. A letter was read from
Professor Wilson, on the subject of
Gothic churches in India, stating the
difficulties which would have to be en-
countered. Some remarks upon this letter
were also read, showing how these diffi-
culties might perhaps be avoided, ob-
serving that good taste is not necessarily
expensive, but often the reverse; that
elegant forms do not necessarily cost more
than ugly ones ; and that ornament is not
essential to Gothic architecture. That
even if not more than a thousand pounds
could be raised at once for a church, that
sum might suffice to build a chapel on the
model of Littlemore, which might after-
wards become the chancel of a large
church. And this pUin appears to have
been frecjuently acted upon in the middle
ages in poor districts. Mr. Sewell men-
tioned that a similar plan has lately been
acted upon in Ireland with great advan-
tage ; the chapel which is to form the
nucleus of a future church being also
used as a school -room.
A paper was read by Mr. Parker on St.
Michael's church, Oxford, illustrated by
several drawings. The tower of this charch
is supposed to be Saxon, and has several
balustre windows, also long-and-short
work at the angles ; but the peculiar form
of the abacus u«ed in all the windows, and
in an original doorway now blocked up,
looks more like Norman thf n Saxon work.
l*hc chancel is plain and Fomewhat mde
work of the IJth century } the east window
112
Literary and Scientific Intelligence,
[April
partly Ailed up, and its proportions spoil -
cdi to accommodate the waimtcoting. The
BtfC and south aisle of the 1 4th. One of
the windows of this aisle is an uncommon
one, a plain window of three lancet-
formed lights under one arch, with
mouldings of the early part of the 14th
century, very clear and distinct. The
north side is of the Ifith century. At the
east end of it are three very elegant niches
of an unusual form, which have originally
bfen the reredos of an altar. The porch
is a good specimen of the 1 4th century.
OXFORD MEMORIAL OF CRANMER,
RIDLEY, AND LATIMER.
A meeting of the subscribers to this
undertaking was holden in the Town
Ilall, Oxford, on Thursday March 5th.
The Committee have found it im])racti-
cable to obtain an eligible site fur ''A
Church commemorative, chiefly by ex-
ternal decoration, of the three Martyr
Prelates." It was therefore resolved, in ac-
cordance with the spirit of the Resolution
of January 31, 1839, to substitute for this
a Monumental Structure at the nortliern
extremity of St. Mary Magdalene church-
yard, in connexion with the rebuilding
and enlarging the northern aisle of the
church, so as to be capable of containing
about the same number of persons as it
was proposed to accommodate in a sepa-
rate building ; that aisle to be called the
Martyrs' aisle, and to be commemorative
of them chiefly by external decoration.
The monumental structure will be a cross
of the character of those of Queen Elea-
nor, and the alterations of the church will
be in accordance with the style of the
monument. A Committee was authorised
to choose a design, and adopt all necessary
measures for carrying the resolutions into
eflfect.
THE LITERARY FUND.
March 11. At the anniversary there
was a general re-election of the President,
Vice-Presidents, and other officers of this
excellent Institution ; and a manifest im-
provement on their efficiency as a body
was made by reviving two offices which
had fallen into desuetude, viz. the offices of
Honorary Solicitor and Honorary Phy-
sician. The trouble of the former was
generously undertaken by William Tooke,
esq. (already one of the Treasurers of the
Fund); and for the latter. Dr. Fraser,
now returning from Rome, also offered
his services in the most liberal manner.
When it is remembered how often medical
aid may be administered to the applicants,
and be far more valuable than any pecu-
niary aid which could be given themj the
value and importance of this arrangement
can hardly be too highly estimated.
RECENT DESTRUCTION OF EXCHE<illSA
RECORDS AT 80MER8ET-HOU8B.
The attention of that portion of thq
public which entertains a regard for histo-
rical literature has been strongly excited
by some recent disclosures made respect-
ing the destruction of a very large mass
of valuable national records. Th^ subject
was brought before the House of Peers
by Lord Redesdale, and an address was
carried for copies of all communications
between the Treasury and the Comptrol-
ler of the Exchequer respecting this unto-
ward transaction. These communications
were laid before the House on the 17th
of March, and have since been printed.
On that occasion Lord Monteagle assured
the House that every document of the
least value had been preserved ; but whe-
ther his Lordship had been rightly in-
formed, our readers will be better able to
judge when they have perused what fol-
lows. It appears from the correspond-
ence, that the first intimation of the state
of these documents was conveyed to Sir
John Newport, the late Comptroller, in
March 1836, by Mr. Frederick Deron,
who reported that they were lying in a
vault of Somerset House, the doorway of
which had been built up for many years.,
and which he entered by means oi a lad-
der at a place which was once a window ;
and that there was nothing to prevent
their being stolen by any one who knew
of their situation. A communication was
made by Sir John Newport to the Trea-
sury ; but nothing was done for nearly
two years, until in March 1838 an agree-
ment was made with Mr. Charles Jay, a
fishmonger in Hungerford Market, for
their sale at the price of 8/. a ton. The
further details of the operations we shall
give in the words of Mr. Ashburnham
Bulley, the principal officer employed.
*' The papers, books, parchments, &c.
contained in above 100 large boxes, be-
sides an immense heap upon the floor of
the vault, upon removal and investigation,
have been found to consist of all varieties
of official papers connected with the transac-
tions of the different departments of the
ancient Exchequer, ranging from the time
of Edward IV. to the year 1788 in the
reign of George III., referring chiefly to
the expenditure of the State, and the larger
quantity belonging to theperiodsapproadi-
ing our own times. They have been de-
posited in the vault at different uncertain
periods anterior to the last fifty years, and
have there laid, dirty, mouldering, and
1 840.]
LUerary and Scientific IntelUgence,
413
rotting, antU thii examination. The great
mass was compoaed of Treaaury letters of
direction, rough accounts and account
books, of receipts for the several services
Hiid for small sums, of warrants and orders
long since satisfied, relating in great mea-
sure to loans raised by way of annuity, lot-
tery, &c. to carry on the wars in which this
(x>untry was engaged during the last cen-
tury. These documents, although pos-
sessed of no real value at the present time,
would probably, if allowed to go out in
their perfect form, originate troublesome
inquiries and mistaken claims upon the
(iuvernment by the descendants of the in-
dividuals named in them ; it has there-
fore been considered necessary to deprive
each order and warrant of its signature,
ikv. ; the books also have been effectually
destroyed ; and the whole, after having
been thus subjected to car^l examina-
lion and mutUatiorif have been disposed
of under the contract approved by the
Treasury.
" The Exchequer, at an earlier ))eriod,
not only took cognizance of, controlled,
and recorded the income and expenditure
of the country in its masses, but appears
to have entered into, and to have been
the dei>o»itory of, the most minute details
of every circumstance connected with
matters of account. It could not, there-
fore, but be anticipated that amon^t
hucli a mass of papers referring to its
Trauhaetions some few would be disco-
vered, possessed not only of official value
as records, but of general interest, as
bearing the most authentic, because ori-
l^inal, evidence upon many points of
curiosity to the antiquarian, or of doubt
to the student and the historian. Ac-
corilingly I have the satisfaction of stating
below the titles of some very curious and
valuable documents which have been pre-
served, in addition to the rolls and books
reserved towards supplying the deficien-
cies of the bcrics of records already csta-
bli>hccl here. The entire books, docu-
ments, \c. having been subjected to the
aciton of damp in a vault on a level with
and in the immediate nciyhbourhood ^f
the ThamtM for Mpwatdu qf half a cen-
tury, many of them had become decom-
posed, and the whole mass would, if still
left to the oiK'ration of the same influence,
liave shared in the same undistinguishing
destruction. I trust, therefore, that these
results, whiUt they prove the necessity
and advantage of the examination insti-
tuted by the Lords Commissioners of Her
Majesty's Treasury, will also be received
an evidence of the care with which it has
been conducted, and will be satisfactory
to their Lordahips and to yourtelf.
BOOKS AND D0CUMBNT8 HESERVED.
U/. As Official Records.
Issue Rolls, various, from the time of
Edward. IV. Receipt Ditto. Privy Seal
Books. Patent Ditto. M^arrant Ditto.
Books of Issue. Books of Receipt. Privy
Seals, &c.
'2d. As possessed not only of ojfficial but
general interest and value.
Imperfect Books of entry of Letters to
Queen Elizabeth, concerning Mary Queen
of Scots, and various other subjects,
Amio 1571-^, dated from Bloisand Paris;
likewise of several addressed to Lords
Leicester, Sussex, Burghley, and other
Statesmen.
Quarterly Returns of State Prisoners in
the Tower of London and Gatehouse at
Westminster, signed by Lords of the
Council and Lieutenant of the Tower,
with expenses of the same, &c. from 1570.
(Incomplete.)
Court Rolls from the Manor of Ber-
meghem (Elizabeth.)
Copy of the Bonds delivered to the
French Ambassador upon the payment of
6(),U00/. into the Exchequer from the
Queen Regent of France, due from the
late Henrj IV. of France to Queen Eliza*
beth. 7 th November 1612.
Account of Jewels, Gold, Silver, and
Diamonds, &c. sold (and to whom) or
coined for Her Mi^esty^s Benefit, amount-
ing to the sum of 9,810/. IGt. lOJ. Anno
ItiOO. 42 Elizabeth.
Accounts of a like nature.
Sir Benjamin Tichbourne*s (and others)
account for carrying certain Prisoners
from Bagshot to Winchester; viz. Sir
Walter Raleigh, Sir Griffin Markham,
Sir Edward Parham, Lord Cobham, &c»
Anno 1(>03.
Articles of Agreement between Henrj
VIII. and the Parliament. Signed by
the King.
Expenses of Diet of Lords of the Coun-
cil, Sic. at the Star Chamber, from 1560
to ; stating (in many instancei) the
Lords present on each day, with name
and price of each article provided.
Ditto of Lords of the Council at the
Palace.
Ditto of Cardinal Wolsey.
A few Bulls of the Pope on several sub*
jects about the same period.
A Diplomatic Correspondence (temp*
Henry Mil.) partly in Latin and in a-
pher, principally addressed to Cardinal
\Volsey.
Twenty- three Articles of Impeachment
exhibited against the Earl of Kiidare by
the Earl of Ormonde. Signed by Cardl>
nal Wolsey.
414
Literary and Sctentific Intelligence.
[April,
Privy Seals of Prince Charles, signed
by him. Anno 1623.
Household Expenses of Prince Charies.
Anno 1618, 1619, 1620.
Composition Book (in counties), stat-
ing sums paid by each individual to be
exempted from Knighthood at the Coro-
nation of Charles I.
Original Commission for Loans in the
county of Derby, with Returns of the
Sums lent by the several Parties. (^Charles
I. and subsequently.)
Number of Persons touched for the
King^s Evil, and Medals delivered to the
same. Signed by the Clerk of the Closet.
Various dates, from 1669 to 167.'>.
Rolls of Ushers of the Exchequer.
(Oliver Cromwell.) &c. &c. &c.
** These Books and Documents reserved
are in the Record Room of this Office,
and the vault at Somerset House is per-
fect It/ clear, and is, I believe, now appro-
priated to the use of another Department.
The paper disposed of (after undergoing
the mutilation above mentioned, and under
the contract approved by the Treasury),
amounting by weight to eight tons and
three quarters, and the boxes, have pro-
duced the sum of 79/. 2*., which remains
in my hands ; the purchaser paying all
expenses of raising from the vault, and
removing them to and from the Exchequer,
which alone, as I am informed, cost him30/.
** In order to accomplish the examination
within the shortest period, since the 15th
of last March, with few exceptions, to the
present time, the following persons have
been engaged in it, in extra official hours :
— Myself, upon an average three hours
daily ; two clerks, each five hours ; two
messengers, each six hours ; every pre-
caution having been successfully taken
against fire; and for this extra occupa-
tion, during a period of nine months, under-
taken by the direction of the Lords of tlic
Treasury, and to be specially remunerated,
no remunerationhas been hitherto received.
In respectfully calling, by your aid, the at-
teutiou of their Lordships to this ponit, I
should feel myself wanting in justice to
those employed under me in the task if I
failed to point out the extremely disagree-
able if not unhealthy nature of the em-
ployment ; and, in so doing, I hope to
establish a claim to their Lordships' most
liberal consideration. The Papers, &c.
having been, as I have stated, for above
half a century lying in a damp vault, and
many of them mouldering away, tlie room
appropriated for their examination became
constantly charged with the decomposed
particles and dust, to be inhaled by those
engaged in the operation ; and the weight
alone of papers sold (not including those
entirely destroyed, rotten, or reserved),
each of which had to be examined and
mutilated, will prove that the duty hat
been extremely laborious ; in fkct I hare
never had to perform a more ardnous or
unpleasant task.*'
For the performance of these aerrices*
the sum of 200/. was awarded to Mr.
Bulley, to his two clerks 2/. St. per week
each, and to the two messengers a gratnity
of 30/. each. It has been already seen that
the total sum received from the fishmonger
was less than BO/. Viewed merely in a
financial point of view, it is by no means
satisfactory that the papers should have
been brought to so bad a market. No
sooner do the dealers in autographM hear
rumours of the game in view, than they
go and offer to Mr. Jay a profit of 500/.
per cent. We are informed on good autho-
rity that Mr. Waller, a dealer in curiosi-
ties, gave Jay 30f. a cwt. for such por-
tions only of the documents as were written
on paper, those on parchment being more
valuable. Thus the first profit was enor-
mous ; but from amongst each hundred-
weight of papers there were doubtless
many documents, the market value of
which in one of our literary auction-rooms
would be some pounds each. Thus the
amount of the public loss by the fUh*
basket plan is incalculable.
But then comes the more important
question — why should this rich and intel-
ligent country, acting upon such a penny-
wise and pound-foolish system, sell its
national muniments at all ? Why should
an employment of so '* extremely cusagree-
able if not unhealthy nature " be imposed
upon the delicate frames of the clerks of
the Exchequer? why should notdocuments,
admitted to be of by-gone times, depo-
sited '* the very latest fifty, and many of
thcni a hundred years ago," be removed
for sortation to the dry, warmed, and ven-
tilated basement story of the British Mu-
seum, and be there examined by another
class of public officers, who have had more
experience in matters of the kind ? It
would be very easy for the Government
departments to retain the power of recall
upon any documents which, on the in-
spe(;tion of an inventory or calendar, it
might be considered premature to submit
to the public eye : but to pretend that
historical documents can be properly esti-
mated by mere arithmeticians, account-
ants, and porters, is the very height of
absurdity.
Of the truth of this opinion we have
ample proof in the statement made by
the Carl of Aberdeen in the House of
Lords, on the 23d March. The noble
President of the Society of Antiquaries
then remarked, that he had no doubt
that there was a large mass of papen
1840.]
Literary and Scientific Inlelligence,
415
of DO value whatever which had been
ordered to be destroyed ; but he must suy
that the persons, to whose care the exa-
mination was entrusted, were either guilty
of great negligence, or they were incom-
j)etent to the task. He had learned that
there was a great mass of papers in the
hands of the auctioneers of London for
the purpose of being sold. It was only
the day before yesterday that he was at
the British Museum, when he learnt that
a portion of papers had been offered for
sale there, which had fallen into the hands
of a bookseller. He had no doubt that the
Museum would purchase the whole of
what had been offered ; but he must say,
h<* thought it a little hard that the public
should have to purchase their own records
in this fashion. One of the first papers
which he examined was a letter addressed
by the Secretary of State of Leo the Tenth
to Cardinal WoUey, which accompanied
the cap and sword which it was customary
for the Popes to transmit, from time to
time, to the favoured princes of Chris-
tendom. The next subject, which was on
several sheets of paper, contained a list
and description of jewels bought for Queen
Elizabeth. He also heard of another
paper, which he did not see, which was
an account of the expenses of Charles the
First during his imprisonment.* He
thought that such documents were valu-
able materials for history, and he was of
opinion that they ought not to be sold or
destroyed."
We shall here append a notice of seve-
ral documents which have come, through
these me.ins, into the hands of ananti*
quarian friend of our own : —
The Charges of Sir John Puckeringe,
Knt. Serjeant at Law, for his journeying
and piinstaking in the arraignment, in-
dictment, and execution of Mary Queen
of Scots : signed by Lord Burghley.
The Expenses of Sir Benj. Gonson, one
of the Captains employed against the
Spanish Armada in ITiMH. (Not •' muti-
lated," but complete.)
A return of the number of persons
touched for the Evil during a certain
period by Charles the First ; attested by
the Bishops of London and Oxford. — This
is evidently a portion of the series of
the documents stated by Mr. Bulley to
have been carefully reserved.
The Household Expenses (defrayed by
the Treasury) of Nell (iwyn.
A Letter of Bishop Juxon ; and
Receipts signed by John Duke of Marl-
borough, his Duchess Sarah, Sir Isaac
Newton, Sir Christopher Wren, Flam-
stead, Dryden, Bishop Burnet, Sir God-
frey Kneller, Grinlin Gibbons, Sir
James Thornhill, &c. &c. for money lent
to the Government at 8 per cent.
We may also mention that the same
friend has some specimens of fines and
other legal records which escaped a few
years since in a similar or still more disre-
putable manner from the public archives.
Mr. W^aller purchased a whole attic-cham-
ber full of them from the house of a size-
maker. Among them occurred an original
grant of lands from Henry VIII. to Win-
chester College. Part of these documents
were seized from Mr. Waller (with some
apparent injustice) by authority of the late
Record Commission. About thirty others
were purchased from another dealer at
U. a piece. Surely all these matters call
aloud for due investigation ; and we are
happy to find that during a recent debate
in the House of Commons (on the 24th
March), both Sir Robert Peel and Lord
John Russell concurred in this view of
the matter. The former observed, *' that
with respect to what had been stated of
the destruction of the records, he thought
it would be desirable that some inquiry
should be instituted on the subject. There
was an impression abroad that a destruc-
tion of valuable records had taken place,
and he was of opinion that it would be
advisable to refer the question to a Select
Committee, to ascertain under what au-
thority the destruction had taken place,
and what was the nature of the records
that had been destroyed. He thought it
ought to be known why records of value
should have been destroyed, and why they
had not been placed in the safe keeping
of the British Museum, or of some other
public institution."
Lord J. Russell said, " it might be in-
ferred, from what had been stated, that
the Record Commission, not now in ex-
istence, were answerable for the records
which it was supposed had been destroyed.
When that Commission to which he had
alluded had expired , at the demise of the
Crown, he (Lord J. Russell) did not
think necessary to re-appoint the Commis-
sion, and since that period there had been
no Commission existing. The House had,
however, agreed that there should be a
* We are able to describe this document more exactly. It is an account of the
expenses incurred by certain commissioners of the Parliament, and includes those of
the trial and execution of Charles the First, together with the expenses of his house-
hold during the last year of his life. The bookseller who has possession of this docu-
ment proposes to publish it ; let him do so forthwith.
416
Antiquaftah Researches*
[Aiim,
Keeper and a Deputy Keeper. The
present Keeper of the Records was the
Master of the Rolls, and he had appointed
as Deputy Keeper, with the consent of
the Secretary of State, Sir Francis Pal-
grave ; and no one would deny that those
persons were perfectly competent to the
performance of the duties assigned to
them. As to what had been said about
the destruction of the records, he did not
believe that those records were in the
keeping of the Master of the Rolls, or of
Sir Francis Palgrave ; but he agreed with
Sir R. Peel that there should be an in-
quiry. It ought to be ascertained why
any records had been destroyed, and, if
historical records^ why tfaer shoidd not
have been placed in the Brmsh Muieiim,
or in some other public establishment,
where there would have been no risk."
Knowing so much as we do of the
administration of former Record Comnus-
sions, we can scarcely with a calm con-
science ask Lord John Russell for ano-
ther : but this we ask, that the anthoritj
and the means of the British Mnaenm
should be increased, in order that Ubonr-
ers for the public instruction may hare
their inquiries facilitated, who, as Lord
Aberdeen justly remarked, " sit down to
such a task with as much appetite and
delight as others do to a feast. '
ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.
Feb. 27. Henry Hallam, esq. Vice-Pre-
sident in the chair. Theodore Hook, esq.
was elected a Fellow of the Society.
Dr. Mantell, F.R.S. exhibited two ar-
millse of bronze, a small gold ring in the
form of a torques, and a flint celt, found
at HoUington castle, near Brighton ; also
a very small bronze statue of a Cupid, with
a quiver slung behind him, but no wings,
two other flint celts, and various other an-
tiquities found at several places in the
neighbourhood of Brighton and Licwes.
J. O. Halliwell, esq. F.R.S. and F.S.A.
communicated some remarks on the his-
tory of the reign of King Edward the
Fourth ; accompanied by several docu-
ments hitherto unpublished ; the flrst of
these is a brief Sermon on King Edward's
accession ; next, some prophetical rhymes
regarding the same ; the remainder were
deferred to another meeting.
The names of Mr. Barnwell, Mr. De-
cimus Burton, Earl de Grey, and Sir R.
Westmacott were announced as Auditors
of the Society's accounts for the present
year.
March 5. Hudson Gurney, esq. V.P.
The Rev. W. II. Neale, M.A. of Gos-
port, author of the Mohammedan System
of Theology, &c. was elected a Fellow.
The reading of the documents appended
to Mr. H alii well's communication was
concluded. They consisted of the follow-
ing articles : Two letters of Richard Duke
of York and Richard Earl of Warwick to
Elizabeth Wydvile (aftenfs-ards Queen)
recommending to her favour, as a suitor,
Sir Hugh John, Knight Marshal of Eng-
land ; these remarkable documents are un-
dated, but they were of course written in
the reign of Henry the Sixth, before the
lady's flrst marriage with Sir JoI\n Grey,
10
and when she was, probablv, unknown to
the Duke of York's son, her future lord
and master. Mr. Halliwell also added the
Proclamation of Edward the Fourth to the
people of Yorkshire in 1469 : the acta of
attainder of Richard Welles, Robert
Welles, and Thomas de la Liaund ; and of
John Earl of Oxford, George Vere, and
Thomas Vere; and some contemporary
historical notes from an Arundel MS.
John Bruce, esq. F.S.A. communicated
two Letters illustrative of the Gunpowder
Plot, from the Cottonian collection, where
they have hitherto laid concealed between
some letters thirty years earlier in date.
They are both addressed to the chief
conspirator Catesby, and bear marks of
having been kept some time in dirty
pockets. The first is from Thomas Win-
ter, and dated the 12th of October (no
doubt 1605). It is written from the
country, in a dark mysterious manner, but
tells little except the movements of some
of the conspirators. The other letter is
more important: it came from Lord
Mounteaglc, and adds very materiallT to
the presumptive evidence before acqmred
that that personage possessed a guilty
knowledge of the plot. It is written from
Bath, and addressed to Catesby in the most
flattering terms, inviting him to join the
company then " at the Bath,'' with the
writer, " who accompte thy person the
only sone that must ripene otnre Aarvett .-*'
and it is signed *' Fast tyed to yourfrend-
shipp, W. MowNTEAGLB." It is ascer-
tained that Catesby went to Bath — in
consequence of this invitation — about
Michaelmas 1605 ; and that Percy ifiet
him there. Percy and Catesby were both
killed at Holbeach ; Lord Mounteagle was
thus saved from their recrimination ) but
there remain in evidence against him tht
1840.]
Antiquarian Researches,
417
cviitent erasure and inppression of his
uame in several records regarding^ the con-
spiracj. and also the amount of the pen-
sioDS (500/. and 200/. fee-farm rent) for
the nominal service of merely surrender-
ing the welUknown letter to which its dis-
covery was attributed.
March 12. H. Gumey, esij. V.P.
JamcH Whatman, jun. esq. F.R.S. of
Orchard-st. Portman square, and Richard
llusscy, esq. of Birmingham, architect,
were elected Fellows of the Society.
The Rev. Henry Christmas, F.S.A. ex-
hibited two miniatures of Oliver Crom-
well and Hampden, which formerly
belonged to Marmaduke Trattle, esq.
Mr. Godwin's remarks on the Ecclesi-
astical Architecture of Normandy were con-
cluded. The present ]K)rtion related to the
churches at Caen and Haute Allemagne.
A description by Mr. Herbert Smith of
the paintings remaining in the Galilee of
Durham Cathedral was then read, in illus-
tration of some beautifully accurate draw.
injpi made by him for the Society. They
an* apparently coeval with those lately
dis<*overed at Barfreston in Kent, and re-
cently exhibited in the Society's room ;
and are supposed to be nearly coeval with
the architecture of the (talilee. The most
remarkable portion;* are whole-length
figures of a king and a bishop, supposed
t(i represent Henry II. and Hugh Pudsey.
The altar?! at which these paintings remain
are known to have been dedicated to Our
Lady of Pity and to St. Bede, and in the
account which is preserved of the state of
the churcli of Durham previous to the
Refonnntion, particular mention is made
of the painting over the former, represent-
ing the Virgin in that particular character
|w«M|iing over the body of Christ), of
which some relics are found.
March \[K Hudson Gumey, esq. V.P.
The Rt. Hon. Lord Crewe and Thomas
Stephen Davies, esq. Fellow of the Royal
Societies of London and Edinburgh, Pro-
fe.ior of Mathematics in the Royal Military
Academy at Woolwich, and author of the
History of Magnetical Discovery, were
elected Fellows <jf the Swiety.
W. H. Rosser, eK<|. F.S.A. exhibited a
rubbing of the sepulchral stone (engraved
in the manner usual with brasses) of John
Curwen, Esq. (the name spelled cbcrotD in)
Conntablc of Porchester castle, who died
Oct. U, Mil. He is in the armour of
the time, within a canopy, which is richly
ornnmrntrd with figures of saints. Above
each khoulder is a shield of his arms :
1 and 4. Fretty, and a chief ; 2 and -i.
Barry, three co<*ks. On an inescocheon,
On a fess three (martlets.') The arms
j)f Curwen of Workington are Argent,
fretty gules and a chief azure. The whole
Gknt. Mao. Vol. XIII.
stone is eight feet long, by three tnd a hilf
broad.
J. O. Halliwell, esq. F.S.A. exhibited a
MS. English calendar in vellum, in the
form of a pocket-book, containing a spe-
cimen of the instrument called the volv^ih,
formed of perforated pieces, rerolving on
a thread, and showing the phases of the
moon, &c. It is mentioned by Chancer
in his treatise on the astrolabe.
A dissertation on the provinces and
towns of Ancient Normandy, by Thomaa
Stapleton, esq. was then read ; being a
portion of his Observations on the Rolls
of the Norman Exchequer in the reign of
Henry II. which he is now editing for the
Societv
March 2G. H. Hallam, esq. V.P.
Lea Wilson, esq. and Lord Albert
Conyngham were elected Fellows of the
Society.
John Britton, esq. F.S.A. exhibited a
plaster model and various prints of Bar*
freston church, Kent.
A mask was exhibited, supposed to be
Eg^tian. It is composed of turquoise
stones in mosaic work, the eyes of mother-
of-pearl, and the teeth of ivory. It la
probably from India, and not ancient.
Mr. Halliwell communicated a paper on
the contents of the Speculum Christiaiii,
which he characterised as one of the moit
sensible and least violent of the Lollard
writings. After briefly describing ita
principal parts, he remarked that there
was no sufficient ground to ascribe ita
authorship, as Tanner and Wharton haTO
done, to John Whatton ; but that Casley
has with greater probability assigned It to
John Morys, a Welchman. Mr. Halli-
well concluded with a descriptive enume-
ration of the various MSS. of this work
which he has found in several public U*
braries.
rRKN'CH ANTIQUARIAN 1XTSLUOBNGB.
Paris. — The municipal council of
Paris has at length authorised M. Albert
Lenoir to form a museum of Christlail
and MediKval antiquities in the Palaia
des Thermes, the only part now standing
of what was once the palace of the Em-
peror Julian. This eminent architect apd
antiquary has already procured several in-
teresting remains for it : such as the
series of capitals of St. Germain-des-Pr^
from which the capitals now existing Im
that church were copied as fac-similei,
when it was restored under Charles X. ;
a similar series from St. Germatn-PAu-
errois; and a third from the abbatial
church of St. G^nevitWe, destroyed at the
revolution. Several precious fragments
of various ecclesiastical buildings, spe-
cially from the abbey of St. Germaia-det-
3 H
418
AHtifuHrUm Rtsearthes.
CAprii;
Pr^, which had long been lying in a
garden attached to the abbey of St. Denis,
have also been receiyed here. — It is not yet
known at what period of the present year
M. Albert Lenoir and M. Didron, the two
Professors of Christian Archaeology, will
resume their course of lectures ; but the
antiquarian public are anxiously expect-
ing them. — ^The Comity Historique des
Arts et Monuments has decided on pub •
lishing a monthly bulletin of its transac-
tions, with an analysis of the principal
communications received by it : the first
number appears this month. M. Bridre,
a young and zealous archaeologist, has
been authorized by the Minister of Public
Instruction to open a third course of
public and gratuitous lectures upon the
Tarious religions of the ancient world,
and upon Egyptian hieroglyphics. — The
ancient church of St. Julien-le-pauvre, of
the early part of the 13th century, and
one of the most interesting ecclesiastical
remains of Paris, has been ordered to be
demolished by the Council General of
Hospitals, because its place is wanted
in some alterations now in progress at the
great hospital of the Hotel Dieu, of which
establishment it has long been the chapel.
This act of Vandalism is likely to be frus-
trated through the energetic interference
of the Comit^ Historique des Arts et
Monuments, who have applied to the
Ministers of Public Instruction and the
Interior on the subject, and have also
made a strong remonstrance to the Prefect
of the Seine.
NisvRB. — ^The Bishop of Nevers has
just formed a museum of Christian and
Mediaeval antiquities in the ecclesiastical
seminary of that town, and has founded a
Professorship of Christian archaeology, to
the lectures upon which the public, as
well as the students of the seminary, will
be admitted gratuitously. Similar lecture-
sbipt have been established at Troyes and
Beauvais by the enlightened prelates of
those dioceses.
SiiNE Inpbribure.— The Tour Bigot
at Rouen, one of the most venerable re-
mains of that city, and in which, accord-
ing to tradition, Joan of Arc was confined,
ii in danger of demolition by the cupidity
of a proprietor, who wishes to apply the
•tones to building purposes ! The ancient
church of St. Nicolas-le-peintre in the
lame city, which was consecrated in 1533,
forms part of the buildings round the yard
of the Poste auz chevaux ; and is every
day receiving fresh damage. An offer
was made some time since to the owner
of the property to buy the materials of
the edifice, in order to transport them
•tone for stone and re-erect the church
eliewhere ; but the man nAued. Rouen
with so many wonderful momniMBta of
the middle ages which it containi^— jvst
like Toulouse in the south of Franoe,--iB
the most Vandalic city in the coimtrj.
Moselle.— M. Beaulieu has just pub-
lished vol. I. of the Archaeology of Lor*.
raine : it is well spoken of.
IsERE. — An interesting discovery has
been recently made in the plain w^uch lies
imm^iately south of Yienne, on the
Rhone. M.Contamin, the owner of a small
property termed Les Gargaltes, baa had a
vineyard broken up, and in so doing fomid
the traces of an immense number <tf Ro-
man houses, at a few feet bekyw the
surface. It appears that the Roman city
extended in this direction, as indeed may
be inferred from the Roman monuments
still standing by the road to Avignon. A
considerable quantity of artidn in pot-
tery of all kinds has been colleoted by
this gentleman. From what haa been
observed on the spot there ia every reason
to believe that this quarter of the Roman
city was destroyed by fire.
At AuTUN some extensive Roman hatha
have been lately discovered, near the
Roman road that led from Cedelncam to
Augustodunum ; and a thermal sonroev
used, as it is supposed, to supply those
baths, has also been found in thrir imme-
diate vicinity. Large quantities of coine»
well preserved, of Nero, Vespasian, Con-
stantine, &c. have been dug np on the
same spot.
IMPERIAL STATUES POUND AT
CERVBTRI.
At a meeting of the Academy of Archae-
ology at Rome, held on the 30th Jan., the
Cav. P. £. Visconti, Perpetual Sccretauy,
read an account of the discovery of se-
veral statues, exhumed in the grounds
of Sig. Paolo Calabresi, at Cervetri, about
^5 miles distant from Rome, towards
Civita Vecchia. They were found lying
at length, some placed crossways on
others, and are altogether ninein number.
The heads perfectly agree with the known
portraits of the Imperial family during the
first century of the Empire. One is ss-
signed to Tiberius; he is seated, the
upper part of his person naked, anil
crowned with oak and laurel, in the cha-
racter of terrestrial Jupiter : it is said to be
the first statue of this emperor that has
been found deified ; it is about ten feet
and a half high. There is another of
similar form and attributes of Claudius.
The two Drusi are represented, the elder
in the toga, and the younger in the
cuirass. Among the female statuee is
one of Agrippina. The others are as
vet headless, but it is hoped that thfi
beads may yet be found. Two are
1840.]
Antiquarian Researches,
4l9
Kuppoied to be Augustus and Livia, and
they are of the best sculpture in the col-
lection. 8ig. Visconti gare as his opinion
that these fine statues were thus con-
cealed fluring some great public calamity,
to save them from destruction. In carry-
ing on the excavation to the depth of 60
palms, the sight appears to have been that
of an ancient Etruscan cemetery, and
many fragments ol rases have been found.
ANCIBNT imi8R SEALS.
ANCICNT ARTICLES OF AMBER.
In cutting a ditch across a meadow at
Laesten, near Viborg in Jutland, in 1837,
a labourer fouud in a very watery bog a
very large collection of amber articles,
which had been inclosed in a wooden
vessel, whereof only a few fragments re-
mained. The collection consists of 25 pieces
not perforated, but having an indenture
round the middle, so as that they could
be bound fast ; b(X> larger and smaller
pieces without any other workmanship
than simply their being perforated ; fur-
ther, I liammer-shaped and .'>9 prism-
sha]>rd pieces, 4()0 cylindrical -shaped
beads, and 2^00 small round beads; abo
5() oblong pieces perforated with 4 or 5
holes, which have served sh middle pieces
in a necklace of :«everal rows of beads, and
5 end pieces to the same. The whole
quantity, therefore, consists of 3,900
piti'i'ii, weighing l.Olb., and is the
largest discovery of amber articles known
to have been made. Tliey were deposited
iu the Museum of the Royal Society of
Northern Antiquaries at Copenhagen ;
and about the vame time there was re-
rfi\ed from the Island of MtTcn several
ninlKT articlcH of precisely the same sort,
which were found in a subterraneous
chamber, constructed of large granite
stones in the lower pirt of a barrow,
where were also deposited articles of flint
and bone, and several unburned bodies,
but nothins; whatever of niet.il. In the
liitchest part of the same barrow, quite
vp irated from the lower chamber, was a
small htone coffin, wherein was found an
urn full <)f burned bones, above which lay
several cutting instruments of bronze, such
as knives, pincers, ^c. This upper cham-
ber, accordingly, belonged to the bronxe
|ieriod, but the lower one, in which the
amber articles lay, belongs to the most
remote periotl, or the stone age as it is
called by the antiquaries of Denmark, who
came to the c*onclusion that the former
larife discovery of amber articles l>elonged
to the lame period, an inference which is
eorroboraled by the rough workmanship
of the artielen, executed without the help
of turner's lathe or borer.
Mr. Petrie has read before the Rojal
Irish Academy a paper ** On Ancieat
Seals of Irisli Chiefs, and pertona of
inferior rank," preserved in the collac-
tions of Irish antiquities formed by ibm
Dean of St. Patrick*s, and by himadf.
He observed that this dass of antiquiti«t
had been but little attended to by Iriak
antiouaries, — a circumstance wluch 1m
attributed to the want of general ooUee«
tions of our national antiquities till a re-
cent period ; and hence, if the question
had been asked a short time since, whe«
the Irish had the use of signets generally
amongst them or not, it would have been
impossible to give a decisive answer. Tliit
question^ however, can now be answered
in the affirmative ; but the period at
which the use of seals commenced in
Ireland is still uncertain, as no Irish seals
anterior to the Anglo-Norman invaaion
have been found ; or, if found, their
discovery has not been recorded. Aa^
however, it is now certain that seals were
used by the Anglo-Saxons, it is not im«
probable that their use may have been
introduced into Ireland also— more es-
pecially as a remarkable similarity pre*
vailed between the two countries in
customs and in knowledge of the arti.
The Irish seals hitherto discovered art
similar in style and device to the contem-
porary seals of the Anglo-Normans of
similar ranks ; and, like the secular seals
of the latter, are usually of a circnlar
form, whilst the ecclesiastical seals
usually oval.
MOrXT ATHOS.
Messrs. Didron and Durand daring their
recent journey in the East passed a nKNidl
at Mount Athos, visiting that holy land, ii
it is called by the Greeks. At the footi
upon the sides, and on the heights of thil
mountain are twenty large monasteries^
surrounded by crenellated walla, defended
by donjons, which are there called arsenals|
besides these there are ten villages called
skites ; 240 cells or farms rand 160 liermi*
tages : the whole inhabited exclusively bf
COOO monks, no female being allowed to e»*
ter the peninsula, llie chief of all Uiese es-
tabliihments is the town of Korea, whioli
is also peopled by monks, and is the sett
of the monachal government, and the
ecclesiastical court to which all differenoet
are subjected. Mount Athos posscMes
860 churches or chapels, vis. 200 in tiM
monasteries, 300 in the skites, 200 in Che
cells, and about ItvO in the hermitages.
The monks gave the kindest reception to
the French Antiquaries, to whoa they isi*
420
Antiquarian Researches,
{April,
parted all the information possible, and
from whom they kept concealed none of
their archaeological treasures — the trea-
taries of the churches, the sanctuaries
into which in general none but priests are
allowed to enter, the libraries contain-
ing many precious MSS. — were opened to
these gentlemen with great readiness, and
they were enabled to make numerous
drawings of all the monuments, and to
take valuable notes of the contents of the
libraries, as well as of the domestic and
political regime of this singular ecclesi-
astical republic.
SALONICA.
The town of Salonica, sacked as it has
been at different periods, and ravaged by
sieges and conflagrations, is one of high
interest to the student of Byzantine
Greek antiquities. Its streets are paved
with antique marbles — its numerous foun-
tains pour their waters into antique sar-
cophagi of white marble — Greek inscrip-
tions are worked into the walls — statues
are every where discovered when the soil
is dug for foundations. Little visited by
antiquaries, and held by the Turks, who,
whilst they make no new buildings, destroy
no old ones, this city possesses many im-
posing monuments ; triumphal arches
and porticoes are still standing in it, and
the fragments of other monuments are
very numerous. Christian antiquity is
represented at Salonica by three fine edi-
fices, now changed into mosques, but still
well preserved ; these are the Rotunda,
Sta. Sophia, and St. Demetrius, which
may be taken as models of the three prin-
cipal forms usually assumed by Christian
churches. The Rotunda, as considerable
a monument as the Pantheon at Rome, is
a large model of all circular churches.
Sta. Sophia, built nearly upon the same
plan as that of the same name at Con-
stantinople, is the model of churches built
in the form of the Greek cross ; while the
long church of St. Demetrius may be
compared to the finest of the Latin ba-
silicse. Plates of marble and mosaic
work with golden grounds cover the sides
and ceilings of the interior of these build-
ings. M. Didron, secretary to the Comite
Historique des Arts et Monuments, has vi-
sited and studied in detail all these
churches ; and the result of his labours
will be published in his general report.
ROMAN SKELETON FOUND IN LONDON.
Dec, 9, While some workmen were ex-
cavating the carriage-way of Bow-lane,
Cheapside, for a sewer, they discovered,
at a depth of about 12 feet from the sur-
acc, near the comer of Little St. Thomas
the Apostle, a human skfleton, embedded
in a kind of coffin, formed of tUes, three
on each side. The remains were re-
moved with great care to the Library at
Guildhall. The skull has a character
resembling those at Hythe church, sup-
posed by Walker to be Roman. (See
" Physiognomy founded on Physiology.*')
Between the teeth, which are of a beau-
tiful white colour, was found a coin, of
9nd brass, but so much corroded that the
Emperor's head could not be recognised.
EGYPTIAN MUMMT.
At the Islington Literary and Scientific
Institution on the 13th Jan. Mr. Petti-
grew unrolled a mummy in the presence
of a numerous audience. The inscriptions
on the outer case, consisting of prayers
for, and the pedigree of, the departed, an-
nounced its occupant to have been Oh-
ranis, daughter of the priest of Mandoo
Bal Snauf, son of the priest of Mandoo
Bakenasht, son of the priest of Amman
Re, King of the Gods, Esintmal, Ohranis
was born of the lady of the House Nas-
maut, daughter of the priest of Amman
Re, King of the Gods, Nashtafmauf. This
pedigree is accordant with the statement
made by Herodotus that the priesthood
amongst the Egyptians was hereditary.
The only ornaments found on the body
were a few common beads and a ring.
That the priestess was old before she died,
the state of her teeth gave proof. The
mummy had been brought from Thebes,
and presented the characteristics usually
observed in the embalming of that locality.
M. Honncger, a learned German, who
has been engaged for some years in nu-
mismatic researches at Tunis, and among
the ruins of Carthage, has obtained an
almost complete series of coins from the
earliest period in the history of the Tyrian
colony to the time of Scipio, — from Csesar
and Augustus to Genserich, and from
Genserich to Nassau, who, with his
Saracens, in 696, completely destroyed
what remained of Carthage. This va-
luable collection is destined for the cabinet
of the Prince of Furstemburg.
M. Goulianof, a Russian orientalist,
who has devoted much time to the study
of Egyptian archaeology, has recently
given to the public three volumes on the
subject, written in French, and published
simultaneously at St. Petersburg and
Paris. M. Goulianof is looked on as in
some respects an antagonist of the late M.
Champollion; he attributes a Fhoenico-
Samaritan origin to the Egyptian charac-
ters, which, though at the beginniiig
strictly phonetic^ became at last mixed up
with the idwographic.
18400
421
HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.
PROCEEDINGS IN PARLIAMENT.
Hoi'SE OF Lords, Feb, 21.
Viscount Melbourne moved a vote of
Thanks to the Indian Army in the foK
lowing terms : — *• That the thanks of this
House bo given to Major- Gen. Sir W.
Cotton, G.C.B. ; Major-Gen. Sir T.
Willshire, K.C.B. ; Major-Gen. Sir J.
Thackwell, K.C.B. ; Major- Gen. E. H.
Simpson; Major- Gen. W. Nott; and to
the several officers of the army, both Eu-
ropean and Native, for their good con-
duct and gallant exertions during the late
operations to the westward of the Indus.**
'I he motion was carried nem, con. Thanks
were also voted in the House of Commons
by a bimilar resolution.
HoL'SE or C0M.M0NS, Feb, 21.
Mr. More O* Ferrall, the new Secretary
to the Admiralty, brought fonvard the
Navy Estimates. He announced aeon -
tcmulutcd increase in our naval force, the
total cost of which was to be 5,659,000/. ;
and he intimated the intention of Govern'
nient to add to the number of artifictn in
the dockyards, and to take measures for
building some line of battle ships of a large
claHs. He then moved that 35,165 men
vbcing an increase of 1000 men) be voted
tor the year ending; the 31 bt of March,
IHH, including IKXK) marines and 2000
)K)ys. Agreed to, af^cr a long debate,
without a division.
Feb. 21-. The House went into a com-
uiittee on the liiisii Municipal Corpo-
ra iionh Bii.r. After several amend-
mentH had U'cn rejc<'tcd on clause 32,
which fixes the qualilication of municipal
burgcHSC!! for the larger towns at 10/. and
for the ^n)alIt'r at Hi. with a provision for
adopting, after three years, the English
riuaiification — Mr. Shaw moved an
amendment for making 10/. the uniform
riualitication in the small as well as in the
large towns, and for omitting the prospec-
tive transition to the English qualilica-
tion. — Lord Morpeth opposed the amend-
ment, and said that ample concessions
had already been made by government.
Mr. f/Connetl repeated that the biffhcr
franchise ought not to be required of the
poorer country. He objected to any
amount of rating except that of the En-
glish Municipal Bill ; and assured Mini-
sters that any other qualification would be
(ar from popular in Ireland. The Houi«
divided, rejecting Mr. Shaw's amend-
ment, bv 130 to 85.
On the 28th Feb, in committee on the
same Bill, Mr. Serjeant Jackson moved
an additionad clause for giving to the free-
men entitled to vote in parliamentary
elections the privilege of voting in muni-
ci)>al elections also. He said that he pos-
sessed returns of the number of houses
occupied respectively by Roman Catholics
and Protestants, and he was satisfied from
those documents that all the eleven large
towns in schedule A, except Belfast,
would pass from the hands of Protestants
into those of Roman Catholics. — Lord
Morpeth said that this proposal was utterly
inconsistent with the principle of the pre-
sent Bill, and with the whole frame of the
English Corporation Act. — Mr. 0*Qm-
nell said the very value of the Bill con-
sisted in its exclusion of these freemen,
and in the substitution of the resident
property of the town. — Mr. Serjeant
Jackson stated that the Koman Catholics
who were likely to get the towns into their
hands were not the owners of the pro-
perty, but only the occupiers of the small
houses. The House divided — For the
clause, 41; against it, 97.
Feb. 27. Mr. Liddetl brought forward
a motion respecting the i>cnsion granted
to Sir John Newport. The hon. gent.
Kaid the office of Comnlroller of the Ex-
chequer was one which should be inde-
Cendent of the Crown ; but where would
e its independence if the Crown were
thus to hold out pensions to its occupiers?
11 ih resolutions were mild, but they would
affirm two great principles — that of the
independence of the Com^itrollcr, and that
of adherence to the legitwnate objects of
the pension list — L^ord Morpeth defended
the grant on the ground of Sir J. New-
port's public services in Ireland, and from
the fact of his not being in affluent cir-
cumstances at the time of retiring from
office, and as an amendment moved reso-
lutions to that effect.— Sir ytfWM (irakam
thought the Ministers very culpable.
Finding in May last that Mr. Kicc could
not succeed as S|>eaker, thcv kept thia
Comptroller»hip vacant till the I6ch of
October, when Parliament had risen, and
then they put in Mr. Bice, having for all
those intermediate months left u deputy
to fill ib« office. The House dividc«l|
422
Parliamentary Proceedings,
lApril
and tbc numbers were, for the motion
240; against it 212: majority against
ministers 28.
March 3. On the motion of Lord
Mahon, Mr. Freeman, the medical at-
tendant of Mr. Sheriff Evans, was ex-
amined at the bar, and stated that the
SheriiT was suffering severely from a liver
complaint, which further confinement
might render dangerous. The evidence
was ordered to be printed.
Mr. Baines moved the following rcso-
lution : — ** That it is expedient to pro-
vide for the abolition of the First Fruits
AND Tenths of the clergy, as at present
in force in England and Wales, after the
next avoidance, and in lieu thereof that
one-tenth be contributed by all arch-
bishops, bishops, and others of the clergy
whose incomes should be al)Ove 500/. to
be applied to augment the stipends of the
poor clergy, the building of churches and
other purposes.** The resolution wns
carried by 38 against 17; — majority 21,
and leave given to bring in a bill founded
upon it.
March 4. Lord Mahon resumed the
conversation of the preceding evening re-
specting the alleged ill health of Mr.
Sheriff Evans, and moved that Dr. Cham-
bers be called in and examined on the
subject. — Lord John Russell was opposed
to the motion. — After some further con-
versation the Doctor was called in, but as
his evidence did not go further than to
prove that the Sheriffs health would be
much deteriorated by further confinement,
the House rejected a motion for his dis-
charge by a majority of 125 to 84.
March 5. Mr. Kwart moved a resolu-
tion for the discontinuance of the Pcnish-
ment op Death in nil cases. The hon.
member argued that executions had a de-
moralising effect, and showed by statisti-
cal references, that crime had dinn'nishcd
in proportion to the diminution of capital
punishments. — Lord John Russell opposed
the motion, on the ground that the benefit
which had attended the abolition of capi-
tal punishments for smaller crimes was
no eaniest of similar success with respect
to an offence like murder. The motion
was rejected by a majority of 161 to 1)0.
Lord John Russell moved for leave to
bring in a Hill dcriuring llic law on the
subject of the Piuviixges of the IIoi'se.
The object of the Bill was to provide that
in any action for a publication by order of
cither House, proceedings should be
stayed on production of a certificate from
the Speaker that the publication had taken
place under such order; and the Bill
would include a proviso, that none of the
privileges of the House of Conmions
should be thereby affected. The debate
on the question was adjourned till tbe
next daj^, when the House divided :— For
the motion 204 ; against it 54.
Sir James Graham moved that Me«
Sheriff Evans be discharged upon bail.
— Mr. P. Howard secondchd the motion,
and Lord Howici opposed it. — Lord /.
Rnssell said, there was no use in taking
bail ; it would be better to let the Sheriff
go at large for the present, requiring Um
to appear again in three or four wcmcb. —
Sir Robert Peel acquiesced in Lorl /eibiV
proposal. — Mr. Hawet and Lord Hanriek
were both exceedingly displeaaed. — Sir /.
Graham then vvitbdrew his original mo-
tion, and substituting Lord John Ruttell'k
proposal for his own, moved that tbe
Sheriff should be dischaived on hit under-.
Uking to appear, if required, on the 6di
of April. The House divided; for tbe
motion 129; against it 47 ; majority 8S. —
Mr. T. Buncombe then moved an amend-
ment, that the words directing tbe attend-
ance of the Sheriff on the 6th of April
next be omitted. — After a desultory con.
versation, Sir Robert Peel said he had
voted against the absolute discbarge of the
Sheriff, and he was prepared to repeat
that course. The House divided; for
the motion (previously agreed to) 118;
against it, and in favour of Mr. Oun.
combe'samendment, 31; majority 87. Mr.
Evans was immediately discharged.
March 9. Lord Morpeth moved tbe
third reading of the Irish Municval
Corporations Bill. Sir Geo, SimeMr
moved as an amendment that it be read
a third time that day six months. Tbc
House divided : for the third reading 180 ;
against it 31 : majority 148.
The House went into Committee of
Slpfly, when Mr. Maeaulay mofed tbat
the number of 93,471 men, exdusife of
men employed in the East Indies and of
non-commissioned officers, be maintained
for the service in the United Kngdom
and the colonies. — Mr. Hmme moved aa
an amendment to reduce the number of
men now proposed to the number voted
for the service of the years 1837^ via. to
81,319 men. On a division, there ap.
peared for the vote 100, for Mr. Hame"^
amendment 8.
March 10. The Chancellor qftke Sjt»
chequer moved for a Committee upon tbe
effects produced on the drculation by tbe
^-arious Banks Issuing Not£8 payable
on demand. The subject, he said, was
one of which the consideration could not
have been deferred much longer ; for in
184i tbe charter of the Bank of England
would expire. The general conduct of
that bank, as well as of all others issuing
notes payable on demand, would come
within tbe scope of bis proposal, not witb
1840.]
Foreign New$*
423
a view to vindictive, but only to remedial
legislation. It would be an important
question for the Committee, whetber the
present privileges of the Bank of Eng-
land ought to be sustained, or a system of
free bunking substituted; und whether its
present powers were such as they ought
to be. With respect to the Bank of Ire-
land, he should wish to render its charter
coterminous with that of the Bank of
England. The motion was agreed to.
Mr. Leader then submitted a motion
for an address to her Majesty, praying for
a free pardon to the Convicts Frost,
Jones, and Williams. It waa seconded
by Mr. Hume, opposed by Mr. fb* MauUt
and after a short debate negatived by 68
votes to 5.
March 17. Mr. Wakley moved for the
appointment of a select committee to in-
quire into the measures adopted for car-
rying into effect in the county of Middle-
sex the provisions of the Act 1 Vic. c. C8»
and also into any proceedings of the jus-
ticcs oi the peace in relation to the office
of CoRONKR. — Colonel T. Hoo</ suggest-
cd that the inquiry should be genend, and
not limited to Middlesex.— Mr. Wakley
having consented. Sir T. Premantle was
more strongly disposed to resist the mo-
tion when extended to every county in the
kingdom. After some discussion the
motion was carried by a majority of 31 to
17.
March \9. The Chancelior qf the Exm
chequer nominated the Banking Com-
mittee, and proposed that it should con-
sist of the following Members: — The
ChanciMor of the Exchequer, Sir Robert
Peel, Mr. Hume, Mr. Labouchere, Mr.
Goulbum, Mr. Mark Phillips, Mr.
O* Council, Sir James Graham, Mr,
Clay, Mr. (risbome. Sir John Kae Reid,
Mr. Oswald, Mr. Charles Wood, Mr.
Rickford, Mr. John Parker, Mr. Patti-
son, Mr. Herries, Mr. Ellice, Mr. Ser-
geant Jackson, Mr. Hector, Mr. Grote,
Sir Thomas Fremantle, Mr. John Abel
Smith, Mr. Strutt, Mr. Matthias Att-
wood, Mr. Morrison; and moved that
the committee be secret, which was op-
posed by Mr. Hume and other members,
but carried by 33 to 23.
FOREIGN NEWS.
FRANCE.
Louis Philippe, after considerable de-
lay, has formed a Ministry in the room of
that whifh, under Marshal Soult, sent in
its resignation upon the rejection of the
Hill for the dotation of the Due de Ne-
mours. M. Thiers is at the head of this,
the eighteenth Cabinet that has held office
bince the Revolution of July ; und the
uppointments have been received with
more popular favour than usual. It was
toiiiid iin|>o<)sible to bring about a coali-
tion with M. Dupin or Count Mol^, but
it neems now by no means improbable
that the latter mav find means to supplant
h\s rival as President of the Council, and
Minister of Foreign Affairs. With the
exception of Admiral Roussin, the late
Ambassador at Constantinople, who has
now become Minister of Marine, the sub-
d by men
I. M. dc
Hat, Home-office; M. Vivien, Justice;
M. Cousin, Public Inntruction ; M.Jau-
liert, Minister of Public Works ; Pelet
(de U l.«oKere,) Minister of Finance;
General Cubiercs, War; M. Gouin,
Commerce.
CHINA.
The last accounts from Canton are
dated Dec. Bib. The Emperor had ad-
ordiiMte offices are filled by men of no
great political reputation. M. dc Remu*
dressed to Governor Lin a decree pro-
hibiting the importation of all British
goods, and the trade with Chiiui was con.
sequently at an end. The Americans
continued to pursue their trade unmo-
lested, and their ships were arriving and
departing as usual. Intelligence has been
received that the Governor- General of
India has advertised for 'IO,0(X) tons of
shipping, for the transport of troops to
China, 14,000 of which were to be sup-
plied by Calcutta, and the rest by Madras
and Bombay. The expedition was to
rendezvous at and sail from Calcutta; the
whole expedition was to consist of 16^000
men. Sir J. J. Bremer Gordon, who by
the death of A dm. Maitland becune
senior naval officer of the Indian squad*
ron, appeared on the 17th Nov. off Ma-
dras, wbere he had just arrived from New
South Wales, and took the command oJT
the squadron, which is to consist of the
V'olage, )^, the Hyacinth, IS, the Lame,
18, and the Algerine, 10. In addition to
these, the following ships have received
ordera for the same service ; the Blenbeiro,
1\ guns, sailed direct for China from
Portsmouth, J 7th Feb. ; Melville, 74
guns, from the Cape; Welleslev, 74
funs, from the Indian station; Blondet
6, from Plymouth, 2Gth Feb.; Druid,
424
Domeaiic Occurreneei.
48, from the Cape via Sydney, 5th Nor. ;
Pylades, 18, from Plymouth, on 23rd
Feb. ; Nimrod, 20, from Plymouth, on
24th Feb. (with duplicate instructions for
Adm. Elliott); Modeste, 18. from the
Cape, 5th Nov. ; Wanderer, 18, sailed for
the Cape 12th Feb. from Plymouth, with
orders to Admiral Elliott to proceed with
all his corvettes and take the command in
China. Besides these ships another 74
has been despatched. Lord John Russell
has stated in the House of Commons that
the object of the preparations is, in the
first place, to obtain reparation for the in-
sults and injuries offered to her Majesty's
Superintendent and her Majesty's sub-
jects by the Chinese (xovernment ; in the
second place, to obtain for the merchants
trading with China an indemnification for
the loss of their property incurred by
threats of violence olTered b^ persons
under the direction of the Chinese Go-
[April;
vemment ; and, ih the last place, to ob-
tain a certain security that penona and
property, in future trading with Cfaina,
shall be protected from insult or injury,
and that their trade and commerce be
maintained on a proper footing.
CHIVA.
On Jan. 10 there was a third conflid
between the Russian and Chivian cavalry,
commanded b^ the Khan in person. The
Cossacks of Siberia and the Kjrgbis fought
with a valour worthy of the middle ages.
The Khan's horsemen were completely
routed and pursued to the city of CbiTa.
Had it been possible for the Russian in*
fan try and artillery to keep up with the
cavalry, the town would nave been in
possession of the troops. General Pe-
rowski was to sit down before the capital
by Jan. 25 at latest, and it waa preramed
it would surrender at diacretion.
DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES.
Feb. 18. The Independent Chapel, in
Great George-street, Liverpool^ where
Dr. Raffles usually preaches, and which
was the largest and most commodious
building belonging to dissenters in the
town, was totally consumed in an hour.
There was a large school-room under the
chapel, in which the children had begun
to assemble for their daily instruction,
but they were all got out and sent home
in safety. The fire is supposed to. have
arisen from the overheating of the flues.
The building was insured for 4000/.
Feb. 29. A fire at Pewterers' Hall,
Lime-street. Some time back the Com-
pany let the Hall to Messrs. Townsend's
and Co. wholesale hat-manufacturers, who
converted it into a warehouse, with a
workshop at the top of the building. The
upper floors and the roof were wholly con-
sumed. The offices attached to the
building have not escaped injury ; both
the eastern, north, and south wings of the
establishment have sustained considerable
damage. The east wing is still in the
occupation of the Worshipful Company
of Pewterers ; their books, &c. are saved.
The Hall was built in the year 1678, and
was insured in the Hand-in- Hand tire-
office, to the amount of 1,500/. and Messrs.
Townsend's property to the extent of 5,000/.
At a Court held before the Under-
Sherifi'of Warwickshire, to assess damages
against the hundred of Hemlingford, for
injuries done during during the riots at
11
Birminffham, in July, 1839, Messrs.
Bourne, grocers, recovered 8,7261. Sir.
5d. ; Mr. Belcher, bookseller, 1,280/. 16«.
2d. ; Mr. Homton, silversmith, 800/.
Mr. Legget, bed manufacturer, Q92l,09.5d.
Messrs. Belcher and others, for damage
done to the house, 483/. St. Id. ; Messrs.
Harwood and others, 805/. 12«. 5d, ; Mr.
Banks, chemist, 64>2/. 8«. 2d.i which,
with various other sums, make the total
damages awarded amount to 14,640/. 7«. 4<f.
A new and extensive Cavern has
been found in St. Vincents Rocks, Clff^
ton, as the workmen were engaged in ex-
cavating the road-wav for the Suspension
Bridge. On the 8th Jan. Dr. Fairbro-
ther descended into the cavern bv the
aid of ropes, for the purpose of exploring
it. From the mouth of the cavern to the
bottom is neariy 50 feet ; but, as the road
is about 10 feet from the surface of the
down, the whole extent is about 60 feet.
For about 20 or 30 feet it descends in a
zig-zag direction, and for the remainder
of the way it is nearlv perpendicular. At
inten'als there are shelves and chambers
varying in extent. The atmosphere waa
found to be very good, as the candles burnt
freely; but on approaching the bottom,
the heat was felt to be very great. The
temperature was found to be 61 of Fah«
renheit, whilst above ground it was at zero.
The cavern is quite airy throughout, and
at the bottom there are a numTOr of laige
stones.
42r>
PROMOTIONS, PREFERMENTS, &c.
Gazette Pao motions.
Auff. 15, 183M. Kin;;htHl, (-'aiit. JaiiiPfl Edw.
▲Irxjuidrr, Lieut.-Cul. in the Purtu^use Ser-
\u'i\ aotl Kiiiifht of the Lion anil Sun.
Ftb. IV. KniirlitetU the Hon. Kdwanl But-
ler, Lieut- of Ilt*r Miyeiit\*!i Hon. ("orvs of
Geiitli'incn at ArniH.
Frb. 22. Joho Mitchell Kemble, eMj. to be
K\aniin«Y of all l*lays, Tratfediesp ComedieH,
Operas, KarcM, Interludes, or any other Kn-
tiTtaiiuneiit of the Staj^e, of wliat denomina-
tion Noever, in tke room of (liiif father) Charleii
Kcnililf . eMjL rMirned.— Royal North Glouces-
ter .Militia, T. H. Rint;»cute, ewi. to Im* Colonel
Commandant.- — Itedfordshire Militia, K. T.
Oilpin, eiu|. to be Muor.
m. 34. Thomas Noel Harris, esq. to be
one of thp Gn>om!i of Her MaiestyN l*rivy
ChamWr in Ordinary-, rice S. ll. I'aiet't, e8i|.
Tfrnignvil.
frb. ». His Royal Hi^rhiiess Prince Albert
has lii'fn iiIeRMed to appoint liord Kobert Gros-
MMiiir to lit* hin Groom of the Stole ; .Mr. (ieo.
tl^UAnl Anson, Treasurer ; Lord Georare l^en-
ii«)\ and ViM-ount Uorrinjrdon, (ientlenien of
till* iieilrhamlNT ; Lieut. -(ol. liuiverie. Royal
Horse (tuardi lllue. and Lieut.-Col. Wylde, R.
Art. ti) Ih- Kiiuerries: and Gen. .Sir Geonrt*
An*toii. G.C.Il. anil Lieuf. .'Francis r^eymour,
1 9th R«*^. to In> Ghmihis of his Befichamlier.
Ffh. 2N. 37th foot, .Major 1). M'Pherson to
be Lieiit.-Col. — Cant. S. K. Goodman to be
.Major— 44th Fita't, brevet .Major J . Crawfiint,
from nth K«s»t, to lie .Major.— Mnd KimH, brevet
.Majftr J. Kitnoii, from 44th loot, to lie Major.
ilttreh 'i. William Bewley Meeke, of the
llrmtniN. in .*<tone, ro. StaflT. eHf|. a mairiiitrate
.iiid depiit\-Iieut. for that roniity, anil a Caii-
lain in the Rfi>al Ciinilierland Militia, to take
the name nf Ta>|i>r onlx. in res|ieft to the me-
iimry nf Kraiirin Tayhir, of Yitrk, jc*""!*
Marrh 3. .Matthew Ayrton. of Holdsworth
hiMiM', Halifax. Kent, to take the name i>f Wadi-
M filth iii<iteail I if .\yrton, in romplianre with
I he will of Kli£alM'tb Wailkworth, spinster.
Mtink 3. Her Majesty has l>ei>n pleasetl to
dirlan- and <irdain, that Field .Marshal Hi-
Kiival HnchiH'vH Fraiiri« All)ert.\U|pustus(1ias.
Kni'aniiel Puke of :^axon>, Pnnee of Saxe Co-
bunf and (kit ha, K.G. H«r MajestjN <'on*iort,
Jihafl heiireforth, upon all o«Tasions and in all
ineetiiiiT'i, exrept where otherwise provideil by
Art of |*arliaiiient. luive, IkiIiI, and enjov pfau-e,
pre-emin»'nre, ami pretiHlence next to Her Ma-
jvMtv The Hon. Kdw. Unyd Mostrn sworn
Uird Lieutenant of the C<»untv of .Merioneth,
and Middleton Hiddulnh, eHi|. Lonl Lieutenant
of the County df l>eiiblKh.
March G. ' His Ri»yal Hii(hnes« rrim-e \\-
liert inxiMed with tne ensiifiis of a Kiiig'ht
Graml I'riMs of the llath.— Knnrhteil, 1 hoiiiaM
Marrable, esij. Secn-tary to the Hoard of (in en
Cloth.— Oth FiNit, Capt. J. Michel. fn»in 3fl
FiMil, to l>e M3,)or.- l'iiattai-he«l. brevet Major
V. Y. ItonaldMtn. from 57th FimiI, to Im> Major.
— Hrf%et, Caiit. W. ftteriie. 37 1 h Fin it, to lie
Maior.— .<«tair, brevet dd. H. (i. Smith, to W
Ai^iitaiit-(ien. to the (Jiieeir't lnMi|ei. MTVinir
in the Ka«t Indiei^, rice Ci»l. Torrens; bn'^et
Lieut.-Cul. A. J. Cloete. to lie l»e)>uly giiarter-
maater-i^en. to the trtNiini ser^iiiK at the CajN>
of GoimI Hope, rfreC>ol. Hmith.— Hertfordshire
.Mihtia. Major C. H. .MnNle to lie Lieut. -Col.
Marfk*j. .\le\aniler Youmr Siii-aniiaii. en<|.
late A««i4taiit Secretary to the Treasury, en--
nte<l a Hanmet of the I iiiteil KiiiKdom.— Sti-
Marl Henr> l*affel.r<H|. to lie Itiliie Mairivtrafe
(■I.M. M \(i. Vf>l.. \III.
at Gibraltar.— .\ntliony Browne Johnston Clo^-
Ntoiin, e.M]. to lie .Marshal «if Triniilad.
Marck 10. James Henry Hollis ilradford of
.\nKerton, in Hart burn, Northumberland, esu.
eldest son of Lieut.-Gen. Sir Thomas Ilradford,
G.C.H. by Mar>--.\nn, dau. of James .\tkiniion.
of Newcastle, est), in compliance with the will
of Ralph Atkinson, esii. to take the name of
Atkinson in lim of Bradford, and bear tlie
anna of Atkinson.
March 11. John Owen. e.s<|. Col. R. M. De-
puty Adjutant-reii. of the Royal Marine Forcea,
C. B. and K. H. to accept the cross, of the
second clasn, of St. Fenlinand.
March 13. Andries Stockenstrom, of Sfaas
Stnmi, Cape of Gooti Ho|ie, es<|. Captain iu the
army, created a Baronet of the United Kiiif •
dom.— Her .Majesty lias been in'acioasly pleMM
to direi't, that the 1 1th Re^. of Light Drairoons
shall be armed, clothed, and equipped as Htu-
sars. and be styled the Uth (or Pnnce Albert's
Own) Hussars.— 18th Foot, Ma). H. W. Adams,
to lie Lieut.^^ol. ; Capt. N. K. Tomlinson to
be Major.
March 17. Tlie Hon. Ralph Abercromby
(now Minister Plenipoteutiarx- to the Germanic
Confederation) to be Knvoy kxtraordinary and
Minister I*l«.>ni}iotentiar>- to the King of Str-
dinia: thcHon.Wm.Thoa. Homer Fox Strmnf-
ways to be Her Ma)esty*s Knvoy Extraordinary
and Minister I1eni|iotentiar>- to the Germanic
Confeileration.
March 18. Jaiiies-Henry -Robert Dnke of
Roxburghe and Arrliil»ald-John Earl of Rose-
lierry invested with the (»rder of the Thistle.
— Knigrlited, Major Richard Henry Bonnyctstle,
of the Royal Engineers.
March ao. Knighted by patent, Robert Bou-
fiier Clarke, esti. .*^)licitor-gen. in Barbadoes.
-7th F<Mit, .Major Sir W. P. Gallwey, Bart, to
Ih> Major, rice Major John Stuart, who ex-
f-hange:* to the Mth Foot.— Brevet, Major T. L.
Goldie, ecth Foot, to lie Lieutenant -Coloael.
March 21. Lieut. John Thompson, R. N. to
lie Lieutenant of the Port of Gibraltar.
March 33. Lieut. James Lynn, R. Kng. to ar-
cept therroMofa su|MTnumerary Knt. of Chas.
III. the crosN of a first cUlms of San Feraandii,
and tliat of a Commander of thi- order of Isa-
liella the C«tholic. conferred by the Queen
Regent of .*<pain, for his senrices as British
(>>mmiasioner at the head t|UArters vi the
S|»anish Army.
Naval Phomotions.
Hon. G. Elliot, C.B. to l>eComnMnder-in-chief
in tlie EaMt Indies.— Lieut. Young Afipleby.
to be a retirefl Ciunmaixler.
slwtoimtmrittM.^CAiit. M. F. F. Berkeley, to the
Thunderer ; Ca|it. W. Runiet, to the Magi-
rienne ; Commander W. 11. (inin, to Persian ;
Commander l*arkin, to Cambndge; Com-
mander W. Dawson, to the Victor.
yfembert retnmfd to tit in PaHiamtnt,
//Wj/0m.— John Ba-Hset, esq.
ImrrrHCMg hiirghM. -Jamei Morrison, esf|.
l^vrts.—UirJi ViHcimnt Cantilupe.
J/i»r/ie/A. — l^rd Leveson.
/Vr/A«Af re— Henry Home Dnunmoml, esq.
II ««rfWtfr/t.— Fre<leru- Thesigcr, m\.
Eiri.CSIARTKAl. PRFI'ERMKNT*.
Rer. K. Halbiinl. to le I*n'lieniUr> nf KilU-
nnllv.
* I
426
Preferments, Births, and Marriages,
[April,
Rev. C. M. Arnold, Lower Darwen P. C. Lane.
Rev. R. Biron, Lymuue V. Kent.
Rev. F. B. Brifj^ifs, St. StepheuVs by Saltash V.
Cornwall.
Rev. H. Cooper, Willersey R. Glouc.
Rev. J. Cottle, St. Mary Maf^dalen V. Taunton,
Somerset.
Rev. H. Dickenson, Blyrabill R. Staff.
Rev. H. S. Dickinson, Chattisham V. SuflTolk.
Rev. H. Freeland, Ovlng^ton and Silbury RR.
Rssex.
Rev. J. Gibson, South Weston R. Oxon.
Rev. J. G. Girdlestone, Kelling^ cum Salthouse
R. Norfblkv
Rev. J. R. Hamilton, Tara and Dunsany V.
CO. Meath.
Rev. H. Headly, Brinsop V. Heref.
Rev. W. L. Jarrett, Camerton R. Som.
Rev. J.C. Jenkins, Ashby St. Le«er»8 V. N'pton.
Rev. R. G. Jeston, Avon Dassett R. Wans*.
Rev. G. Martin, St. Pancras R. Exeter.
Rev. J. A. Partridgfe, Baconsthorpe R. Norf.
Rev. Sir G. S. Robmson, Bart. Cranford St.
John R. Northamptonshire.
Rev. R. Scott, Duloe V. Cornwall.
Rev. G. S. Simpson, Bobbins V. Kent
Rev. H. W. Simpson, Bexhiu V. Sussex.
Rev. A. Smith, Kuckin^e R. Kent.
Rev. H. Stevens, Waterinebury V. Kent.
Rev. C. H. Swann, Stoke Dry R. Rutland.
Rev. T. Thexton. Darton V. York.
Rev. — Tripp, Kirkby Overblow R. York.
Rev. M. Tucker, St. Martin's R. Exeter. Devon.
Rev. W. G. L. Wasey, Morvill and Quatford
P. C. Salop.
Rev. J. Webster, Hinlip R. Wore.
Chaplains.
Rev. C. M. Mount, to the Bishop of Bath and
Wells.
Rev. G. W\T>'rrell, to the Marquess of Doneg^al.
Rev. T, Woodward, to Lord Oranmore and
Browne.
Civil Preferments.
David Dundas, esq. to be Queen's Counsel.
Rev. S. Reay, to be Laudian Professor of Ara-
bic, Oxfom.
E. W. Relton, to be Vice-Principal of the Col-
legiate School. Sheffield.
Rev. J. H. Goocn, to be Head Master of Heath
School, Yorksh.
Rev. H. Stoker, to be Second Master of Dur-
ham Grammar School.
G. Jones, esq. R.A. to be Keeper of the Royal
Academy of Arts, vice Hilton dec.— Mr. W. L.
Kennedy, to be Travelling Student.
BIRTHS.
Feb. 5. At Naples, the Hon. Mrs. K. T.
Wodehouse, a son. 11. At Kinjrscote-park,
Glouc. the wife of the Rev. A. G. Cornwall,
Rector of Newington Bafrpath, a son. 12.
At Salsber^, on the Lake of Constance, the wife
of Rob. Studholm Hodjrson, esq. a dau. In
King-st. Soho, the wife of H. >V. Diamond, esq.
a dau. 14. At Charlton Marshall, the wife of
Geo. Sloane Stanley, esq. a son. 16. At Flo-
rence, the Hon. Mrs. B. N. Gamier, a dau.
At Edinburgh, Lady H. B. Hamilton, a dau.
17. At Bath, the wife of the late Charles Pen-
ruddocke, esq. Barrister-at-law, a posthumous
daughter. 24. At Dane-court, Kent, the wife
of K. Rice, esq. M.P. a son. 29. At Titsey-
place, the wife of W. L. Gower, esq. a dau.
At Clopton-house, Stratford-on-Avon, the wife
of C. T. Wanl, esq. a son and heir.
Lately, At Ardbraccan, Ireland, the wife of
the Hon. Archdeacon Pakenham, a son. In
Dublin, Ladv Grace Vanddenr, a son. At
Naples, the \ iscountess Duncan, a dau. ^At
Acton, the wife of Sir A. 1). Croft, Bart, a dau.
— ^At Adlestrop-house, Glouc. LMiy Eleanor
Catheart, a son. At Florence, Lady Bcndle-
sham, a son and heir. At Wimblnoii, the
wife of Major Oliphant,* son.— At GleTeriBc-
hall, the Hon. Mfs. Vanneck, aT dan. The
wife of W. Levefion Gower, esq. a dau. At
Edinburgh, the Countess of Aiiiie, a aoo.
At Edinburgh, the wife of Sir James BoiweJI,
a dau.
March 1. In Upper Grosvenor-st. iMAy Jd-
liiTe, a dau. 2. At Preshaw-lM>ase| the irife
of Walter Jervis Long, esq. a son and heir.
The wife of John Vaughan, esq. of Knowltoii-
court, Kent, a son. ^3. In Eaton-iriace, T«dy
Marcus Hill, a son and heir.'=— -4.'At Bath,
the wife of George C. Holford, esq. of New-park,
Wilts, a dau. ^The wife of the Hon.- and Rev.
P. A. Irby, Rector of CottesbrodEe. a flon.
6. At Over Ross, the wife of Sir E. Head, Bart.
a son. 7. In Grosvenor-sq. Lady Louiia
Fortescue, a dau. ^At Ifanydoini-park,
Hants, the wife of Sif R. Rycroft, Bart, a sob.
0. At the Earl of Euston's, in OroswBor-
Elace, Lady Mary Fhipps, a son. 10. In Staii-
ope-st. the Hon. Mrs. H. S. Law, a dau.
At the Rectory, Maiden, the wife of the Rev.
G. Tre>elyan, a son. 11. At Bloxworth-
house, Dorset, the wife of Major W. Bragge, a
son.
MARRIAGES.
Dec. 19. At Mahaheshwa, Mi^or-Gen. Sir
John F. Fitzgerald, K.C.B., Cbmmander of the
Eorces, Bombay Presidency, to Jean, eldest
dau. of the Hon. D. Ogilvy, of Clove, brother
to the Earl of Airlie.
Jan. 14. At Agra, Edward Thornton, eaq.
second son of John Thornton, esq. of Clapbam,
to Louisa Chieheliana, dau. of tne late R. C.
Plowden, esq.— 17. At Hammersmith, the Rev.
H. J. Whitfield, of Humbe, Heref. aecond son
of the late Dr. Clarke Whitfield, to Sarah, dan.
of W.L.T. Robins, esq.— 18. At Madras. M.
Price, esq. S4th Light Inf. eldest son of M. O.
Price, esq. of Brighton, to Elizabeth Donald-
son, eldest dau. of the Rev. C. Traveller.— 90.
At Allhallows, Lombard-st. T. J. T. Pare?, esq.
of Harl)orough-liall, Leic. to Harriette, otaiy
E. Ranken, youngest dan. of the lateGipt. S.G.
Church, R.N.— 23. At Weedon, the Rer. K.
Horton, Fellow of Wore. Coll. Oxford, and
Vicar of Denchworth, Berks, to Blixabeth,
second dau. of William Smith, esq.
Feb. 3. The Hon. and Right Rev. Hugh
Percy, D.D. Lord Bishop of Carlisle, to the
Hon. Miss Hope Johnstone, Maid of Honour
to the Queen Dowager.
4. At Southampton, John King, esq. of
Kxton, to Caroline-90])hia-Elixabeth, widow of
Henry Miiicliin Clay, esq. At Cheltenham,
F. £. Curry, esq. of Lismore, co. Waterf<n^ to
Anna-Matilda, youngest dau. of the late Rev.
A. C. Hamilton, of Movne, Queen's co.
8. At Salisbur>-, Roiiert, second son of the
late Geo. K>tc, e.s<i. of Warrens, to Harriett,
youngest dau. of tlie late Henry Eyre, esq. of
Botley Gran/^.
19. At Clifton, by his father the Rev. James
Vaughan. Rector or Wraxall, Som. the Rev.
K. P. Vaughan, M.A. to Harriet, dan. of the
Rev. John Hensman, Minister of Trinity
church, Clifton. At Preston, Lsnc. the Rev.
N. J. Merriman, M.A. to Julia^ youngest dau.
of the late J. Potter, esq. of Darwen. ^At
Bromley, Kent, Geoige Holland, esq. of Bock-
land Liuc. to Cathwine^ eldest dau. of the
late Rev. Henry Marsh', of Blanndena ffwcj.
At Edinburgh, Joseph Williams, esq. M.D.
of Tavistock-sq. London, to Mandcnton, third
dau. of the Ute Archibald Douglas, esq. Ad«
Tocate.
IS40.]
Marriages.
427
'Ji). At Wjiruiik, John Ciil^s T«>«»!iOi»il, esi|.
of Hriilifi'Water, t<» Kli/.al)ftlu eldest dan. c»f
ThiMiias llinin,es4|. At Walcot, Batli, Iawj^-
ton Itnmcll, <*n<|. <»f Keutisli Town, to .Marv-
Aiinr, t'lil^'^t ilau. uf ()apt. I^'isrli Lye, of liatfi.
At StoiiehoiiMf, Lieut. Wats(»ii, R.^L t«»
Mary -Jam*, ilaii. of Major Kinsman, K.M.
At Tinicewi(-k, Kiicks, lleury Suiith, fsu. of
Hiickini^liani, to Kli/.a Lydia, Uau. of the Kcv.
John Itislev, Kts'tor of 'I hurnton.
22. At llarroht, I<i>Jh. c:. (i. R.<'nllins, esf|.
of Sidniouth, late of I6th Ura:;. tu Annette,
third dau. of J. N. I^thbrid^e, esq. and ^raiid-
ilau. of Sir T. H. J^thhridife, Hart. At Clif-
ton, li. \V. UK'ke, e*»u. yount^est mm of Feter
IjOeke, vni. tu Ann-(.ti]itia Livin^on, dan. of
the lute l*airirkM'l)onirAll,e9iI. lif M*l>onicall,
and relict of the late IVter I'aniplH'll, esi|. of
liallenrolan.
25. At r't. Pancras, the Ki'V. M. H. Hale,
IVriH'tual Curate of Stroud, Glonr. to Sophia,
xouni^e.stdau. of the late Geo. (Mode, esq.
At RamH9:ate,\Viniani Hurley, of York-i>l. Port-
nian-Ni|. to ranny-liarrison, ehleat dan. of
Knos Smith. late of Kiehnionil. Surrey, e>M|.
2t;. At Salisbury, Robert ThrinfC, esij. of
llonisev, to Karhael Ann, eldest dau. or the
latp John llattatt, esij. of Nether Wallop.
At LireriHKil, (.'. ('ampl»ell, es«i. banker, Glas-
jrow, to Airnex, ilau. of J. Thonisim, «m|.
of Northfield, DumfrieHshire. At St.
Marti u'm le (irand, York, Roliert Mowbray
l>arnell, esq. of Darlimrton, late of llth l)ra-
ro<>n^, to Kllen-IIoare, eldest dau. of W. II.
KosM-r, esq. F.S.A. of pi*iiton\ille, amlGrayS
Inn.
27. At Marylelxme, J. II. Jairob, vm\. of
.*<altMburv, to lleiihetta-.Sophia, fourth dau. of
th«' late jnhn l)eni!«»n, ejio. of Ossinjrton.
At St.CiiMjrjfe'!*, 1 1 an. -m|. John Willis Fleming,
ev|. and eldest Mm of John Flemiuir, esii. uf
>toni'ham-)>Ark, ti> i^ily Katherine-Klizar>eth
('(H'hrane, only dau. of the tjirl of Dunilonahl.
. _-.\t St. i^anrras, the R^v. Dr. .Moore, Vicar
iif .'«i. Paneras, to Mis?* White, of C'amden-at.
Camden-tiivtn. At Great Chesterton, i}\-
fordsh. W. PhilliPM. e^q. to Mary, flan, of J.
Holland, esi|. of Hruton-M. \t St. Geon^'Vs,
Han.-sq. Henry Tayler, esj^. of Kirk men* worth,
tu Priiwilla, n-liit of R. NewHam, itmi. fourth
dan. of the late Rev. T. H. iIodi;M)n,of Isham.
At .S*arli>, Line. Samuel II. Kiri^inton, ew].
of North Ferhbv, rldent xon of the late G. Kir-
::mtoii, e«M|. of' Hull, to ('harlotte, younevNt
rlati. ot the late 11. RiKuIley. eHi|. At St.
Jiihn's. Wr-tiniUHter, Dr. James L. Clarke,
K N. Ill J:ine Lydia, Mi-und «lau. of the late
Jiilin Cniirh. ewj. At I^'amin^lon, the Rev.
H(i:;li llithl, Ris-tor of LlanvihantrelTalley Lyn,
Hri><'on, to ThisMhiMa-FranreN, seeond dau. of
Lieut. -(ien. Sir W. Hutehinson, K.C.H. At
Kl|ihiii. the Rev J nil. Panillon, Rin-tor of Know I-
t<m ami Konnimrtun. Kent, to Franres-.Vnne
I'niilPiitia lii'slie.ehlest tlail. of the liord llihhop
oi KIphiii. -At Hisliam, Iterks,(f. J. Harries,
rsq, of PnsKilly, Pemb. to ."iusan-C-andine,
i'l«|r!«t dau. of Henry Skriiie, esq. of .'^tubbino'it,
near Maidenln'ad-
W. Ai l'l\ mouth. Henry ."^abine Browne,
esi). <'apt. H5th Li:; lit Inf. to NalM'MIarriet
Ann, fourth dau. of Capt. .♦^ir J.d. Hremer.C.H.
•J9. At St. tieortfe's, Han.-si|. David Colviii,
e^»|. to .Mary .Stewart, ehlest dau. of W. B.
liavlev e^i.
LtOU. The Rev. RolMTt riiichester, <if Ki:-
nioi**, til Frames, ilau. of the lale <ieii. Hart,
of Kildetr\, IMnml. At Dublin, John Bar-
ton, rM|. siiii of the Arrhdi-a4-oii of Ferns, to
M.irianiie. dau. ot the late M. Nhholsim, es4|.
\I.D. . ami at the *anie lime, Ruhard .•<>nins,
rsq. nt Briilcnatrr, !•» .M.ir::arrt, dau. of Ihi-
«ami> ffenll«-man, ai raiiil-ni**t-e of the lale
V|ie-Adm. L(»n1 Shui -am.
Mnnfi 3. At Pnitoiiy near Drisrhton, the
Rev. Walter K» lly. Vicar of Preston and IIovc,
Sussex, to Mary, only dau. of the late Lieut.-
Col. Buckner,(;.B. At TrowbridfCf', the Rev.
J. P. (.'lark, ehlest son of J. Norria Clark, tm\.
to Kmma, youiif^est dau. of Geo. Hannani,e8q.
of BnuiiHton House, Hant.s. At Whitchorch,
hltlward Kniicht, esq. of Chawton-hoiise, eldest
son of Kdw. Kniffht,eH4{.of G«Hlmenihun*-pArk,
to .\dela, ehlest dau. of John Portal, esq. of
Freefolk Priors. At SaliHbnr>-, the Rev. 8t-
iiiuel Deiidy, son of Arthur l>endy, eiHi. of
Dtirkiiiir, to Anna, seeoiid dan. of the late Rev.
W. .S. Waitshare. At Rickmansworth, the
Rev. (Jharles Webb<'r, Canon of Chichester, to
Caroline, iLiu. of the late RolH*rt Webber, esq.
of Broi^kley-hill, Midflli>»ex. At Tunbrid^
Wells, Francis Dirk, est]. R. .\rt. iu>cond son
of Rear-Adm. Dick, of Southampton, to lAart-
Chariotte, sei*ond dau. of the late W. B. Good-
rich, esq. of Lenlionmg^h, Bucks, and th*
R(K)ker>', Dtslham, Kasev. At llampstead,
J. r. Powell, es4|. eldt^st s<m of James Powell,
esq. of Clapton, to Louisa. >ounge8t dau. of
the late C.Lloyd, esii. of Olto'n Green, Warw.
5. At St. Alary leiMine, Adderley Howwd,
eso. of I/)ni( .Sutton, to Mary- Jane, eldest daa.
of P. S. (Jurtois, es(|. of Witliam I louse. Line.
At Stoke, near ('oventry, WMlliani, eldest
«>on of Charles Wrisrht, esti. of Wirksworth, to
Anne, only dau. of the late L. Bankes, esu.^—
At Clifton, Thomas Newman, esq. of Nelmes,
Kss<'x, to Anna- Maria, dau. of the late Rev. C.
H. Parrv, Vicar of Speen. At Camberwell,
J. B. ScfiriHler, esi|. of Tavistock-sq. to Muia-
1.1'na, only dau. of the late Rev. J. Wemtnck.
D.D.
7. At Xmwj^ Asliton, Henry Dayman, of
MillbnNik, Hants, esq. to Elisabetn-Adains-
Heaven, ehlest ilau. of^J. W. CHudwick, esq.
10. At licyton, Isaac Braitliwaitc, Jun. esq.
of ( )ld Broad-st. to liouisa, third dau. of John
.Mastemian, esi]. of I^eyton, Essex. At Bes-
ford,T. B. IJuyd Baker, es4|. only son of T. J.
Lloyd Baker, esq. of Hanlwicke Court, Gkrac.
to .Marv, only chdd of N. L. Fcnwick, esq. of
Besfonl Court, Wore. Geo. Kmmett Greent
esfi. eldest son. of (ieorze Green, eso. of Up-
INT Harley-street, to Louisa-Mary-Sheridan
Macphemon. .\t St. Martin's, jersey, the
Rev. \. J. Brine, of Boldrc Hill, Hants, only
son uf the late Rear-Adm. Brine, to Helen,
eldest dau. of Philip R. I^mpriere, esii.
n. At Krbistock. Denb. the Rev. Wm. H.
Kffertoii, Fellow of Braaenose Coll. and Rector
of the lower mediety of Maliias, Clieshire, to
l^niisa, eldest dau. of Brooke CunliiTe, esii. of
Krbistock Hall.
I a. .\t .Mar^iebone, W. K. Cochrane. cs(|.
.Madras Civil Service, to Louisa, second dau.
of the Rev. C. W. I.e Bas, Principal of the East
liiflia College. Rev. Wm. Atthill, Jun. of
Braiidistoii, Norfolk, to Catharine-Elizabeth,
only ilau. of the late, and sister of the present,
Christopher Toiiham, es*!. of .Middleham Hall,
Yorkshire. .Vt St. Georre^s, llloomsbury,
John Almon, ehlest son of J. E. Boulcott, esq.
of Stratfonl House, Essex, to Kmmcline, se-
cond dau. of W. G. Harrison, esii. of U|iper
Iks Ifonl- place.
II. At ("amberwell, Henry, second son oi
Riihanl ll4>vin7ton, esq. of lUwie Hill, Worr.
to Klizalieth, widow of T. F. Robinson, esq. of
eor;re's. I lan .•«■!.
the Middle Temple, to Ann-Frances, dau. of
the lale Col. John Siiiith, of Ctnnb-hay, t«oni.
At St real ham. W. B. .Mtnet, of Denmark -
Hill, to F.li/a.ehle'.i dau. of J. II. Arnold. fsf|.
of lUlbam ; and Henry Hanhastle Border,
rsfi. ehb-^l son of the Rev. Dr. Burder, of
Hackney, to Catliariiic-.Vui;u»ta, second dati,
oii, 11. Arnold, cf«i.
428
OBITUARY.
The Earl of Mansfield, K.T.
Feb, 18. At Leamington, in bis 63d
year, the Rigfat Hon. William Murray,
third Earl of Mansfield, in the county of
Middlesex (1792), in the peerage of
England ; eighth Viscount of Stormont,
CO. Perth, Lord Scone (1605 and 1608),
and Lord Balvaird (1641) in the peerage
of Scotland ; K.T. ; Lord Lieutenant of
the county of Clackmannan, Hereditary
Keeper of the royal palace of Scone,
D.C.L., F.R.S.,and F.S.A.
His Lordship was born at Paris, on
the 7th of March, 1777, the eldest son of
David seventh Viscount of Stormont,
and, after the death of his distinguished
brother the Lord Chief Justice in 1793,
the second Earl of Mansfield, Lord Pre-
sident of the Council, and K.T., by his
second wife, the Hon. Ivouisa Catharine,
third daughter of Charles ninth Lord
Cathcart (who afterwards re-married her
cousin the Hon. Robert Fulke Greville).
He was a member of Christchurch, Ox-
ford, where he received the degree of
D.C.L. July a 1793. He never sat in
the House of Commons, but succeeded
his father in the peerage on the Ist of
Sept. 1796. Early in life, he manifested
his attachment to agricultural pursuits,
and up to the present time he has culti-
vated much of his own land, particularly
that adjacent to his beautiful residence
near the metropolis, Cmh Wood, between
Hampstead and Highgate.
At the opening of the new Parliament
in 1807, his Lordship moved the address
in the House of Peers. More recently
he opposed the Reform of Parliament,
and voted in the majority which led to the
temporary resignation of Lord Grey*s ca-
binet, on the 7th of May 1832.
His Lordship was invested with the
most ancient order of the Thistle in 1835.
The Earl of Mansfield married, Sept.
16, 1797, Frederica, daughter of the Most
Reverend William Markham, D.D. Lord
Archbishop of York, and by her ladyship,
who survives him, he had issue three sons
and six daughters : 1. Lady Frederica-
Louisa, married in 1823 to the late Lt.-
Col. the Hon. James Hamilton Stanhope,
brother to the present Earl of Stanhope,
and died in 1823, leaving an only son ;
Sand 3. Lady Elizabeth- Anne and Lady.
Caroline, both unmarried ; 4. the Right
Hon. William. David now Earl of Mans-
field, who, as Lord Stormont, baa repre.
sented Norwich in the present Parliament
until his father's death, and was a JU>rd of
the Treasury during Sir RoUrt Piel*«
administration. He was bom in 1806,
and married in 1829 Loaiaa, tluni
daughter of Cothbert EOiaoiH esq. ;
her ladyship died in 1837, lenviiy one
daughter, and one son, now Viaeoiint
Stormont, bom in 1835 ; 5. Ladj Geor-
gina- Catharine, unmarried; 6. toe Uoo.
Charles John Murray, who BBanied in
1835 the Hon. Frances Elisabeth Anaon,
second surviving daughter of Tbomaa iUtt
Viscount Anson, and slater to tha Earl
of I^lchfield ; 7. the Hon. David Henry
Murray, Optain in the Scots' FndHer
Guards ; 8. Lady Cecilia- Sarah, whodiad
in 1830, aged sixteen ; and 9. Lady Emily,
married in 1839 to Captain Franeia Htagk
Seymour, Scots' Fusiner Guarda, Groom
of the Robes to her Majesty, son of Capt.
Sir George F. Sejrmour, K.C.H., nd
cousin to the Marquess of Hertford.
Right Hon. John Sullivan.
Nov. 1. At his seat, Ricbin^ Lodjfe,
near Colnbrook, aged 9U, the Ri^C Hon.
John Sullivan, a Privy Councillor and
formerly a Commistioner of the Board of
Control.
This gentleman was uncle to the pre-
sent Sir Chariea Sullivan, Bart Capt.
R. N. and was the second son of Baa-
jamin Sullivan, of Cork, attomey at law,
and Clerk of the Crown for the counties
of ('ork and Waterford, by Bridget,
daughter of the Rev. Paul Limrie, D,D,
of Scull, CO. Cork. His elder brother.
Sir Benjamin Sullivan, Knt. was one of
the Puisne Judges of the Supreme Court
of Judicature at Madras ; ana bis yonnger
brother. Sir Richard Joseph Sullivan ,
was M. P. for Seaford, and created a Ba-
ronet in 1804. He was the author of se-
veral works relating to the East, and also
of some travels among the Alps, and in
England, Scotland, and Wales.
The brothers were sent to India under
the patronage of their kinsman, Laurence
Sullivan, esq. Chairman of the Eaat In.
dia Company. John was employed in
the civil department ; but returned lionie
before 1789, when he married Lady Hen.
rietta Anne Barbara Hobart, second
daughter of George third Earl of Bnckti^.
hamshire, sister to the present Dean of
Windsor and to Lady Albinia Cunabcr*
land, and to the late Maria Countess of
Guildford. Her ladyship died in 18S8.
Mr. Sullivan was returned to Parlb.
roent for Oldbam at the general election
of 1790. In 1795 he pul&^ •< Tncta
1840.]
Obituary.— jS'/r W. WiUiavM Wynn, Bait.
429
upon India, written in the year 1770, 1780,
and 17B8; \ntb subsequent Observa-
tions, ** 8vo. Wc believe be did not sit
in the fmrliament of 1796-1802, but in the
latter jear he was elected for Aldborough
in Yorkshire, being then Under-Secre-
tary of State for the Colonial Depart-
ment. On the l4th Jan. 1805 he H-as
sworn a Privy Councillor ; and in Feb.
I HOG he was appointed a Commissioner
of the Board of Control for the afiairt of
India, at which he retained his seat
for thirty years, and retired with a pen-
sion on the formation of Lord Mel-
bourne's administration.
Sir W. W. Wynn, Bart.
Jan. 5. At Wyiinstay, co. Denbigh, in
his GHth year, Sir Watkin Williams Wynn,
the tirst Baronet of that phice (1(^),
Lord Lieutenant of the counties of Den-
bigh and Merioneth, M.F. for Denbigh-
hhirc. Colonel of the Denbighshire 3li-
litia, and Aid-de-Cump to her Majesty for
the Militia service ; President of the
(^mmrodorion, or Royal Cambrian In-
stitution, D.C.L., AlC. AEC.
The late Sir Watkin W. Wynn was
)K>rn Oct. 2<>, 177i, the vldcst son of Sir
Watkin, the fourth Baronet, by his second
wife, Charlotte, daughter of the Right
Hon. <roorgo <rrenvilic, and sister to
(fcorge first ManiiicHs of Buckingham,
K.<'. and the late Lord Grenville. He
succeeded to the title and the large estates
of his family, during his minority, by the
death of his father on the 29tb of July,
17b{». lie entered as a commoner of
(hristchurrh, Oxford, in the October of
the Hame year, ami had the honorary de-
^n-ee of D.C.L. conferred u|K)n him in the
'i'h<'atie at the installation of the Duke of
Portland, July 4, 1793. At the general
flection of I7fNi he was returned to Par-
lininent for the county of Denbigh, which
sent had Ik'i n kept for him by his cousin
Uolfert Watkin Wynn, esq. of Plas-
newydd, from the time of his father*s
death. Sir Watkin from that period con-
tinufHl to occupv it. we Mieve wholly
undisturlied. for hin inthience mih entirely
predominant in hiM own county, and be
was often j«)cularly called the Prince
uf Wales. His lank, as a commoner of
the tirht (*onNideratioii, he preferred to a
peerage, which wasi repeatedly offered to
him.
t^rly in life, Sir Watkin accepted a
fommiMiion in the lioval Denbigh .Militia,
of which he became the Colonel in 1797.
Part of the regiment extended their si*r.
\ices to the Provisional Battalion of Mi-
litia, and were stationed, under his com-
mand, at Bourdeaux in I8U. He also
raited th« Ancicnt-BhtUh FcnciWe Ca-
valry in 1701, and served with that force
during the rebellion in Ireland, where he
was present at the attack made upoa
Arklow by the rebels, when they were re-
pulsed with considerable loss, and at the
iMttles of Vinegar Hill and the White
Heaps.*
Sir Watkin supported Mr. Pitt*s admi-
lustration during the war with republican
France, but appears not to have approved
of the peace of 1802 ; latterly he con-
sistently voted in defence of the constitu*
tion, in church and state.
lie was on terms of intimacy with the
Prince of Wales (George the Fourth),
and ill 1803 he made a speech, in which
he warmly advocated the oecuniary claims
of his Royal Highness. In Wales he was
distinguished for unbounded hospitality,
a princely munificence, and great public
spirit.
He married, somewhat late in life, on
the 4th of Feb. 1817, Lady Henrietta
Antonia Clive, eldest daughter of Edward
late Earl of Powis, and sister to the pre-
sent Earl and the Duchess of Northum-
berhnd. By that lady, who died on the
^2d Dec. 183>i, he had issue two sons and
one daughter : I. Henrietta- Charlotte,
bom in 1818; 2. Sir Watkins Williams
Wynn, who has succeeded his father;
he was bom in 1820 ; was latelv a gentle-
man commoner of Christchurch, Oxford,
and now a Cornet in theiM Life Guards;
3. Herbert Watkin, bom in 1822.
Sir Watkin had been for some time
an invalid, and sunk under a spasmodic
attack. 1 1 is funeral took place on the
l.ith of Jan., when his body was deposited
in the fumilv mausoleum at Ruabon. The
park at "Wynnstay was crowded by the
tenantry and inhabitants of the sur-
rounding villages, for many miles around,
and their number was estimated at 7,000.
The coffin was borne through the north
avenue by ten of the family tenants to the
hearse, which then proceeded to the church
of Ruabon (but a short distance from the
hall I, preceded by three mourning coacbei,
rontaiiiing tiie pall-bearers, Viscount
Dungannon, .M.P., Lord Kenyon, Hon.
W. Bagot. Sir R. Cunliffe, Bart., Sir R.
Kynastoii, S,c, Immediately after the
hearse followed three niouming coaches,
in which were the sons of the deceased,
his three brothers-in-law, E^rl Powi^,
Lord Delninvre, and the Hon. Robert II.
Clive, M.P. &c. The rear was brought
* An ornamental building in the park
at Wynnstay, built after the denign ut the
Capo di Bi)ve, near Rome, is dedieated
to the ineiiiury of the officers and soldiers
of the regiment of Ancient- Brit iih Ca-
valry who fell in Ireland
430 Obituary,— -Sjr C. R, Blunt, Bart.'^Rear-Adm. Hancock. [April,
And at the last election,
Sir C. R. Blunt .... 413
Hon. H. Fitzroy ... 401
T. Brand, esq 39B
Captain Lyon .... 343
Sir Charles inarrried, March 2(^ 1624^
Sophia, daughter of Richard Baricer, of
London, esq. and widow of RiclMrd
Achmuty, esq. late of Bengal, bf whom
be had an only son. Sir Walter, the pre-
sent baronet, who is now in his fourteenth
year.
Rear-Aom. Hancock, C.B.
Oct. 12. At Dover, aged 73, John
Hancock, esq. Rear- Admiral of the Blue,
and C.B.
This officer commenced his naval career
when twelve years of age on board the
Vigilant 6-i, Capt (afterwards Sir Ro-
bert) Kingsmill, and was engaged in a
series of very active services, induding
the whole of Rodney's actions, until the
termination of hostihties in 1783. When
only fifteen years of age he saved the life
of a lad by jumping overboard, and keep-
ing him above water. From the Vinlant
be removed with Capt. (Sir INgby) i>ent
into the Royal Oak 74s and he afterwards
served as Master's mate on board the Eu-
rope 64, commanded by Capt. Smith
Child, in the actions off the Chesapeake,
March 16 and Sept. 5, 1781. On the
first of these occasions his left leg was
broke at the ancle joint, and his right leg
dreadfully contused by a splinter.
Mr. Hancock next joined the Goliath
74, which bad the honour of leading the
van division of Lord Howe's fleet at the
relief of Gibraltar, and sustained a loss of
4 men killed aiid 16 wounded in the
skirmish off Cape Spartel, Oct. 20, 178)?.
A fter the peace with America be was aoain
received by bis first Captain as a midship-
man on board the Llizabeth 74, from
which he removed to the Phaeton frigate,
and served on the Mediterranean station,
until the autumn of 1787. In 1790 he
joined the Hannibal 74, but not beinf; in-
cluded in the large promotion of Nov.
that year, he had resolved to quit the ser-
vice, until, on t-eeing Lord Howe's prizes,
he was inspirited to make another effort*
and re-entered on board the Ro^
George, bcanng the flag of Lord Bnd-
poit, from which he was at length pro-
moted to the rank of Lieutenant, Oct. 24,
1794, and was appointed to the Aquilon
frigate, commanded by tliat excellent offi-
ccr Capt. (Sir Robert; Barlow, in which
be was present at the capture of three
French ^hips by Lord oridport's fleet,
June 23, 17iKj. In the ensuing winter he
was applied for by Capt Barlow to be his
First Lieutenant in tne Pbcebe ; but tbii
up by more than fifty carriages. A strong
posse of police, in addition to the staff of
the Royal Denbighshire militia, was Jn
attendance to preserve order, although ' ot
the slightest irregularity of conduct took
place, the congregation being too much
overcome with sorrow to act otherwise
than with decorum at the obsequies of
the good Sir Watkin, whose death has de-
prived- Cambria of one of the most indul-
gent and bountiful of her sons.
There is a large portrait of Sir Watkin
W. Wynn, engraved by Reynolds, 1802,
from a picture by Hoppner.
SiE C. R. Blunt, Bart., M.P.
March 1. In Eaton Place, in his 65th
year, Sir Charles Richard Blunt, the
fourth Baronet (1720), M.P. for Lewes.
He was born Dec. 6, 1775, the eldest
son of Sir Charles AVilliam Blunt, the
third Baronet, by Elizabeth, only dau.
of Richard Peers, esq. Alderman of Lon-
don, and sister and heir of Sir Richard
Peers Simons, Bart. He succeeded to the
title on the death of his father, at Cal-
cutta, on the 29th Aug. 1802.
In 1819, Sir Charles, who was senior
merchant on the Bengal establishment,
and had been judge of the Zillah of Beer-
bhoon, purchased the Heathfield Park
estate, in Sussex, of the Newbery family,
who had bought it of the representatives
of the celebrated hero of Gibraltar, who
in reward for his gallantry in the defence
of that important fortress, received from
his grateful sovereign the title of Lord
Heathfield. Mr. Francis Newbery, of
St. Paul's churchyard, to commemorate
the valour of his predecessor in the estate,
erected the lofty tower called the Heath-
field monument, which forms a prominent
feature in the scenery of the neighbour-
hood, and dedicated it by a tablet placed
over the entrance, •* Calpis Defensori,"
to the defender of Gibraltar. Sir Charles
added much to the improvements of the
mansion, ornamenting it with a collection
of pictures by the best artists, and, by va-
rious purchases of landed property, in-
creased the estate, which now comprises
iieariy 3,000 acres.
In 1831, Sir Charles, having received
an invitation from a portion of the elec-
tors of Lewes, offered himself as a candi-
date for that borough on the Kefomi
interest, and was elected without opposi-
tion. He continued to represent ii in all
the bubsequeiit parliaments up to the time
of his death.
At the election in 1835 the numbers
were,
Sir C. R. Blunt .... 512
T. R. Kemp, esq. . • . 382
Hon. Henry Fitzroy . • 358
1840.]
Obituary.— C«/)/. miliam Hill, UN.
431
being contrary to the regulations, he re-
mained in the Aqiiilon, under Capt. W.
K. Caleraft, until the summer of 1798,
when he exchanged to the Valiant on tlie
Jamaica station. Previously to the final
evacuation of the island of St. Domingo
by the British, he greatly distinguished
himself by his services in attacking and
destroyini^ a post of the black insurgents
at Jean Habel, in command of a division
of boats.
In Oct. 1798 he was removed to the
Hag-ship the Queen, of which he shortly
after l)ecamc first Lieutenant. He after,
wards served on board the Trent, Royal
(leorge, and London. He had the com.
uiand of the boats at the battle of Copen.
hagen, and was the means of saving the
Holstcin, venturing todisobeyhis orders to
burn her. She was subsequently named the
Nassau, and became an efficient Gi in the
British navy. Lieut. Hancock was pro-
moted to the rank of Commander, April
'i, 1801, and appointed to the Cruiser 18,
in which in June 1803 he captured two
Freitch armed vessels, each carrying four
guns. In the year I80l> he was engaged
with the llattlcr and Amiable in an action
with the enemy's flotilla off Flushing, se-
veral of which were destroyed or taken :
\'iscount Melville addressed a letter to
(^pt. Ilancock and Capt. Mason ac-
knowledging the zeul and promptitude
with which they made the attack, and as-
suring them that their meritorious con-
duct should not escape his recollection.
In Oct. following Captain Hancock
was employed as senior officer off Ostend,
and had a general action with a division
of the French flotilla; and during that
year and the following he was no less than
HM times in actions, either with the
(>nemy's flotilla or land batteries. In Jan.
18U) he made a remarkable seizure of
smugglers coming from the port of Flush-
ing, comprising more than 2G,000 gallons
of spirits, besides tobacco and other con-
tralxand goods : the largest, it is believed,
ever made at one time. On his arri\'al
in port with his prizes, he was superseded
in Iiis command, having been included in
the general Trafalgar promotion.
In Aug. 1807 C^pt. Hancock embarked
as a volunteer on board the Agamemnon
01- ; and did not discover until his arrival
off ( openhagen that he had no chance of
iM'ing appointed to a ship without express
directions from the Admiralty. He ac-
repted, in conRi*auenc«*, an offer of Gen.
John M'Farlaiia, and served with that
officer on shore, during the whole of the
siege.
After his return, be \nLn appointed art-
ing Captain of the Lftvinia frigate, in
which he continued for about a year on
the Oporto, Rochefort, and Mediterrm-
nean stations. In the spring of 1809 he
assumed the temporary command of the
Christian VII. and in Nov. 1810 was ap.
pointed to the Nymphen of 42 guns, in
which he served first on the North Sea
station, and afterwards chiefly in com.
mand of the sauadron watching the ports
of Kelooes, Flushing, and Ostend. In
Feb. 181 1 be captured La Vigilante pri-
vateer of 14 gims; and in May 1813 he
conveyed the Duke of Cumberland from
Yarmouth to Gottenburgb. He was finally
superseded in his command of the Nym-
phen in April 1814 : and at the latter end
of the same month was appointed to the
Liffey of uO guns, in which he escorted a
fleet to Canada, and afterwards served on
the Channel station until she was put out
of commission in August 1815. He re-
ceived the insignm of a C.B. in the
month of June preceding. He was pro-
moted to the rank of Rear-Admind in
June 1838. Rear-Adm. Hancock mar-
ried Nov. 18, 1811, Elizabeth, third
daughter of Benjamin Longuet, of Bath,
esq. and coheiress of Thomas Lilley, esq.
by whom he bad issue three sons and
three daughters.
[This article is derived from an ex-
tended memoir of Rear-Adm. Hancock,
which will be found in Marshall's Royal
Naval Biography, Supplement, voL I. pp.
4—31 .]
Capt. William Hill, R.N.
Jan, 4. At Wood House, near Chud-
leigh, aged o6, William Hill, esq. Post
Caotain R.N.
lie was the son of the Rev. John Hill*
and born at Hcnnock near Chudleigb,
Nov. 23. 1783. He entered the Navy, in
Jan. 1795 : and was a Midshipman on
board the Colossus 74, in Lord Bridporf ■
action off L* Orient, on which occasion
that ship had five men killed and thirty
wounded. He subsequently proceeded to
the West Indies, with his nnt patron Sir
Charles Morice Pole, Bart., in the Car-
natic 74. We next find him iu the Dili-
gence brig, Captain Charles B. H. Rosa,
which vessel was wrecked on the Honda
bank, near Cuba, in Sept. 1800. His first
commission bore date April 11, 1803,
previous to which he had been wounded
in the right arm and side, while acting aa
Lieutenant of the Rattler sloop, on the
Jamaica station.
Mr. Hill returned to England in the
Vanguard 74, after an absence of nearly
nine years, during which time he waa
very frequently employed in boat service.
He then joined toe Achille 74> Capt.
432 Capt. W. H. B. Prohy, R.N^CMpt. C. PhilUps, R.N. [April,
Richard King, under whom he bore a
part in the battle of Trafalgar. His last
appointment as Lieutenant was to the
Amethyst 42, in which he assisted at the
capture of la Thetis and le Niemeii,
French frigates of the largest class, Nov.
10, 1606, and April 6, 1609. Being the
senior officer of that rank, in the latter
action, he was immediately afterwards
promoted, and his commission dated back
to the day on which it was fought. From
Sept. 1812 to March 1819, he successively
commanded the Rolla and Bacchus brigs,
the Conway 24, and Towey of similar
force, in the North Sea, Bay of Biscay,
and South America, at the Leeward
Islands, and on the East India station.
His advancement to post rank took place
Dec. 12, 1806.
Captain Hill married, in 1810, Miss
Upton, of Cheriton-Bisbop, co. Devon,
by whom he had several children.
Capt. W. H. B. Proby, R.N.
Nov. 26. At the Ryalls, near Seaton,
Devonshire, aged 45, William Henry
Baptist Proby, esq. Commander R.N.
Captain Proby was grandson of the late
Dean of Lichfield, and great-nephew to
the first Lord Carvsfort, and to the late
Commissioner Proby of Chatham Dock-
yard, being the eldest son of the late Rev.
John Baptist Proby, Rector of St. Mary's,
Lichfield, by Mary- Susannah, youngest
daughter of Sir Nigel Gresley, Bart. He
was born at Lichfield on the 15th Oct.
1794, and entered the royal navy in March,
1807> as Midshipman on board the Centaur
74, bearing the broad pendant of Vice-
Adm. Sir Samuel Hood, K.6. (who
married his cousin, the eldest daughter of
Lord Seaforth,) under whose auspices
he continued to serve until the demise of
that highly distinguished officer, in Dec.
1814. He was consequently present at
the bombardment of Copenhagen, and
surrender ^of the Danish navy, in Aug.
and Sept. 1807 ; the occupation of Ma-
deira, Dec. 36th in the same year ; and
the capture and destruction of a Russian
74, on the Baltic station, in Aug. 1808.
He was also at the reduction of Walcheren,
in Aug. 1809.
In 1810, Mr. Proby followed Sir S.
Hood into the Hibernia 120, on the Mc-
diterranean station. He subsequently
accompanied him to the East Indies ; and
on the 28th of June, 181.'^, then serving
us Midshipman of the Hussar fripte,
Capt. the Hon. George Elliott, assisted
in storming the defences of Sambas, a
piratical state on the western coast of
Borneo. For his gallant conduct on this
occasion, Mr. Proby received the public
thanks of Col. Watson, and was ap-
12
pointed by Sir S. Hood acting lAfnftMt
of his ^g-ship, the Minden 74. He «m
confirmed into the Hesper sloop, Oiptain
Charles Biddnlph, Jan. fi, 1814; and
subsequently served on the Mine ttetion,
in the Leda 36, Wellesley 74, and Owen
Glendower 36, which latter abip wu p^
ofiTMay 23, 1816.
Lieut. Proby spent part of tbe enauing
six vears in a free-trader to India, being
unable to obtain employment in the navy
until Feb. 14, 1822, when be waa ap-
pointed to the Queen ChaKotte 1U4, ling-
ship of Sir James H. Whitdiedy eon-
mander-in-Chief at Portsmouth. Hie
subsequent appointments were, nboat
June 1823, to tbe Cambridge 83, Cnt.
T. J. Maling, destined to the Poafic
Ocean, in which ship he continued until
June 21, 1827 ; and Dec. 8, 1898, to be
first of the Southampton &0, fittlitf otiC
for the flag of Sir Edw. W. C. R. OweD,
as Commander-in-Chief on the £aat India
station. After equipping the Southunp-
ton, he was advanced to the nnk of
Commander by commission dated March
19, 1829.
Commander Proby married, April 88th
1831, Louisa-Mary, only daughter of the
late Rev. Samuel How, of Stickland, in
Dorsetshire, and Southleigh, co. Defon.
Capt. Charles Piiillipb, R.N.
Oct, 21. At Dumpledale, near Haver-
fordwest, Charles Phillips, esq. a Pott
Captain R.N. and F.R.S.
Captain Phillips was a son of the late
Dr. George Phillips, of Haverfordwest.
He entered the royal navy at an earivage,
as midshipman on board TAigle fngate,
Capt. (now Adm. Sir Cbarlea) Tyler,
with whom he suffered shipwreck, near
Tunis, in 1796. He then joined the
Marlborough 74, Capt. Thomas Sothcby,
employed in the blockade of (?adlc ; and
subseqnendy the Warrior, of simifaw force,
commanded by Capt. Tyler, in which he
continued during the remainder of the
\i*ar. The Warrior was ^ith Lord Keith
when that officer pursued the emnbined
fleets of France and Spain from the Me-
diterranean to Brest, in Aug. 1799; from
which period she was stationed off Ushant
until the banning of 18U1, when Mre find
her attached to (he expedition under 8ir
Hyde Parker, destined to act against the
Northern Confederacy. On tbe 8d of
April, 1801, Mr. Phillii>s was employed
in her boats, rendering assistance to the
Monarch 74, one of Lord Nelson*B sop-
porters in his memorable attack upon tne
Danish line of defence before CopenhMsn.
On her return home from the &Uic,
the Warrior was ordered to join Sir Janes
Saumarez, then commanding a squadron
1840.]
Obituary.— Cff/)/. Charles Phillips, H.N,
433
off Cadiz ; from wbicfa station she pro.
reeded to the West Indies. She was paid
off at Plymouth, in the summer of 1802.
During the remainder of the peace of
y\ miens, Mr. Phillips served in the Spit-
tire sloop, on the >liIford and Irish sta-
tions ; and subsequently in the Canopus
HO, bearing' the dag of Rear-Adra. (after-
wards Sir George) Campbell, off Toulon.
On his return to England, he was ap-
pointed sub- Lieutenant of the Wrangler
>,'un-brig, in which vessel's six-oared cut-
ter he captured le Bien-Aimc, French
transport, lying under a very formidable
battery near Etapler. For this service
he was promoted to the rank of Lieute-
nant, in I' Argus sloop, on the West In-
dia station, Sept. 7, 1806.
We next tiad Mr. Phillips commanding
the Affiance schooner, on the coast of
Demerara, from which vessel he was re-
moved to the Phoebe 36, Capt. James
Oswald. After serving for some time in
that frigate, on the IM^mouth and Medi-
terranean stations, he joined the Barfleur
<)b, bearing the Hag of Rear-Adm. Tyler,
and employed in the blockade of Lisbon,
from whence nhe escorted home the first
division of the Russian squadron, sur-
rendered bv V'ice-Adm. Siniavin, in the
autumn of IHOH.
Mr. Phillips next served under Vice-
Adm. (Jeorge Campbell, in the Downs ;
and during the Waleheren expedition, bjI
flag- Lieutenant to Sir R. G. Keats, with
whom he afterwards proceeded to the de-
f<>Mee ot (Uidiz, in the Implacable 74.
While employed in that arduous service,
he was successively appointed to the com*
mand ot the Wizard and Tuscan, 16-gun
brigs, Onyx 10, and Hound bomb; which
latter appointment appears to have been
confirmed by the Admiralty, but not until
nearly two years alter the date of bis first
acting order. In the course ot this period
he was frequently engaged with the
enemy's batteries, particularly during the
last heavy bomlwrdinent of C^diz. and in
other active services. His promotion to
the rank of commander took place Oct.
(ilh. 1HI2.
In 1S17, Capt. Phillips submitted to
the Admiralty a plan for pro|>elling ships
by the capstan ; and, in 1819, another, for
increasing the power of that machine by
wheelwork, which was the Imsis of the
im|)roved capstan now bearing his name,
and for which he had a patent. Captain
Sjr W. Parry, in the narrati%'eof his third
voyage tor the discovery ol a North West
pa^Hiige, says : ♦• Ry means of Phillips's
inviluable capstan, we often separated
tloes of such magnitude as must otherwise
have l>affled every effort. 1 cannot omic
Gent. Mag. Vol. XIII.
this opportunity of expressing my admi-
ration of this ingenious contrivance, in
every trial to which we put it in the course
of this voyage. By the perfect facility
with which the machinery is made to act,
or the contrary, it is easily altered and
applied to any purpose in ten or fifteen
seconds." But the continuation of peace
since the first introduction of the im-
proved capstan, has not permitted one of
its greatest benefits to be shewn — that of
the facility which it gives to the sudden
equipment of an armament at the breaking
out of a war, when but few seamen can
be obtained.
This most excellent invention led to
Capt. Phillips's appointment, Sept. 6th,
1821, to the Spey of 20 guns ; and it has
since been ordered, that, for the future,
all the power capstans used in the royal
navy shall be constructed upon his plan,
"and that any ship upon being commis-
sioned, having the plain capstan, may ex-
change it for one on the improved prin.
ciple, with any ship in ordinary having
one o^ equal size, provided the public
service is not interfered with by any delay
in the exchange."
The Spey proving defective, Capt.
Phillips was removed, on the SOth Oct.
18'il, to the Bann sloop, of similar force,
fitting out tor the African station, where
he rescued HV.i slaves, in a cruise of foar
months. During his stay there, he bad
four severe attacks of fever ; and in the
beginning of May, \H'23, his ship, then at
Ascension, where he was obliged to in*
.«*alid, had already lost her purser, gunner,
and captain's clerk, two midshipmen,
twenty sailors, five marines, and four boys,
all of whom fell victims to the climate of
Africa. His post commission bears date
May 15, 1823.
In 1825 Capt. Phillips inyented a me-
thod of suspending ship's compasses, so
as to prevent their being affected by tbe
firing of guns in action, or from any other
concussion, and to ensure their preserving
a horizontal position in all sorts of weather.
Highly favourable reports were made on
this instrument by Captains Henry, £.
P. Sturt, and Frederick Marryatt.
In 1827 he applied the hydrostatic prin-
ciple, of water rising to its own level, to
the pumpdales of ships, by which they
may be cranked under the lower-deck, so
as to free it from such a serious incum-
brance, and yet to allow the water to de-
liver itself from the same height as before.
The pumpdale of the Asia 84. intended
for the Hag of Sir Edward Codrington,
was the first placed according to this plan.
Captain Phillips was elected a Fellow of
the Royal Soaetyin 1829; and was soon
3K
aft«T appointed to tlio rnmniaiul of the
Ariudi)(>.
He innrricd, Sept. 'Jo, lb23, Elizabotli,
(laughter of William Nicholson, esq. of
St. AlarfraretV, Rochester.
AM Capt. //. Dirketmn, C.B.-^Lmt.'Col. 8, Holmei, K.H. [April,
2Gth Aug. 1829. It terminated on the
17th Sept. in an honourable acquittal, his
sword being returned to him with a high
eulogium irom the president, Adm. the
Hon. Sir Robert Stopford, and the
charges pronounced ^'frivolous, ground-
less, and vexatious.*' But not only did
his spirit never recover this unexpected
and unmerited shock, but his bodily health
was sacrificed ; as during the progress of
that anidous inquiry (of twenty-three
days) he was seized with an acute pain in
the back, which never afterwards left him,
and constantly embittered and rendered
his life most painful and afflicting, and
ultimately brought him to a premature
grave.
His last ship was the Talbot, 28, on
the South American station, from which
he returned in 1833.
Capt. Rich Alio DirKKNBON, C.B.
Jan. 1. At Woodside, aged 55, Ri-
chard Dickenson, esq. Captain R.N. and
C.B.
Captain Dickenson was the son of Mr.
R. Dickenson, of Bamborough, Northum-
bcrland, a Master in the Royal Navy,
who fell in the service of his countrv.
He entered the service in 1798, at twelve
years of age ; was with Admiral Mitchell,
at the capture of the Dutch fleet, result-
ing from the operations on the Helder, in
1799, and on board the Cerberus, at the
attack on Granville, in 1803. Having
been promoted to be Lieutenant 29th
August, 1806, he was, in 1808, appointed
to the Loire frigate, which ship captured
L'Hebe, a French ship of 20 guns and
1()0 men, in 1809 ; the Loire also assisted
at the reduction of Guadaloupe, in 1810.
He remained in the Loire for several
years, principally as first Lieutenant, and
was very actively employed on the North
American station during the late war.
His nextappointment was to the Northum-
berland, 74, in 1815; which ship was
fitted for Sir George Cockburn's flag,
and conveyed Napoleon Buonaparte to
St. Helena. In Aug. 1818, he became
first Lieutenant of the Salisbury, Rear-
Adm. Campbell's flag-ship, on the Lee-
ward Islands* station ; and at length ob-
tained his promotion as ("ommander, Jan.
29, 1821, on the first anniversary of the
accession of George IV., when all the
first Lieutenants of flag-ships on foreign
stations were promoted.
In May, 1827, Comm. Dickenson was
appointed to the Genoa, 74, which ship
lost her Captain (Bathurst) and suffered
severely at the battle of Navarino. Not
having served the regulated time afloat as
Commander, to qualify him for Post
rank, he was next appointed to command
the Wasp, and on the 1.3th of May, 1829,
obtained his promotion as Captain, having
in the interim been nominated a C.B.
and decorated with the Cross of St Louis
and the Order of St. Anne. He also
received the Cross of St. Wladimir, a
second Russian order, by mistake, as was
alleged by the Russian authorities. This
circumstance gave rise to a discussion with
Sir Edw. Codrington, his late Comman-
der-in-chief, which seems to have led to
that officer's preferring certain charges
touching Capt. Dickenson's conduct at
the battle of Navarino, upon which he
was brought to a Court-martial on the
LiKUT.-CoL. Stephen Holmes, K.H.
Dec, 19. In Dublin, aged 48, Lieut.-
Colonel Stephen Holmes, K.H. imat.
tached. Deputy Inspector - General of
Constabulary in Ireland.
This deserving officer entered the ser-
vice as Ensign in the 6th Grarrison Bat-
talion, in 1806, and successively obtained
the appointments of Lieutenant and Ad-
jutant in the same corps. In the latter
end of 1809 he was transferred to the
24th regiment, then in Portugal, which be
joined in Feb. following, and in which he
served during the whole of the campaigns
of 1810, 1811, and 1812. being present at
the battles of Busaco, Fuentes d' Honor,
Salamanca, and some minor affairs, as
well as at the sieges of Ciudad Bodrigo
and Burgos. At the latter fortress be
volunteered to lead the storming party,
which succeeded in the assault of the
main breach on the 4th Oct. 1812, and of
his conduct on this occasion, fjord Wel-
lington was pleased, in his dispatch to
Lord Bathurst, to express his approba-
tion, in consequence of which he obtained
his promotion to a company in the 8th
W. I. regiment, which, however, he never
joined. In the course of the foregoing
service, he acted as Brigade Major to the
Brigades of the line in the 1st and 7th
divisions, under the command of Major
Generals the Hon. Sir Edward Stopford
and Sir Edward Barnes.
In Feb. 1814 Capt. Holmes was trans-
ferred to the 78th, and immediately joined
the 9.A battalion (then employed in the
blockade of Antwerp), which rormed part
of the army in Flanders under Lord
Lynedoch, and he continued to serve with
his regiment until appointed Brigade-
nuijor to Major - General Mfwlynrie's
brigade. When that brigade was booken up,
he was removed to that of Sir IliQederick
1 8 10.] Obituary.— L^-C(;/. Arnold, — Major A. E, Byam'
435
Adam, and subsequently to Major-Ge-
neral Johnstrm's, in the (itii division, in
which hitti-r he served durini; the eam-
pttign ot 1815 : but, owin^ to its not bein^;
lM-ou;(ht into action ut Waterloo, be lost
the chance of the promotion, which, it is
believed, was obtained by every brigade-
major whose brigade was engaged on that
day. After the taking of Cambray, in
uhich (icncral JohnstonVs brigade was
employed, ]jient.-(ieneral Sir Charles
rolvillc, who commanded the division,
n commended ('ai>t. Holmes for promo-
Hon, but his recoinmendalion was unat-
»« Tided with succc>s. Capt. Holmes con-
tiriiicd on the stalf until the formation of
tile army of occupation, when he returned
ro Kn^hind in Jan. IHlG, with the troo]>s
then ordered home, and on the *24th ot
i'eb. foUowintr, he was, by the reduction
of liie *^d battalion ot the 7Sth, placed
upon half-pay, and so remained until ap-
l>oiiit. d to the M)th in Feb. 1^/1). In the
^epr. followini,' he pro<veded to Malta and
the Ionian Islands, where he served with
iiis ivgiment until appointed major of
bii^MiIe at (.'orfu. On the 'ii-th of Dec.
\^.i^), he obtained an unattached majority,
by purchaM*. and continued to hold the
.tp]>ointnienr of briirade-mnjor till July
ls-^7. wluMi -Major- (ten. the Hon. V, C
ron^onby appointed him military sccre*
tarv on hi^^ st.itTat .Malta, which appoint,
ni'-nt he coi'.riiiucd to hold until Sir Fre-
d.-riek'o ••tate of health comjielled him to
lelintpiish his command. In l^'i8, he
was ii:elu«led amon-; the ;;eneral brevet
|)romotion of that year, and thus obtained
I. is lient.."i)lon; lev.
In |*--j| he mrtrrici], at ( urtu, the «'l-
• I^si d,iu::'ili r oi Major- < ieiieial Sir I*a-
tiiek Hoss, ell:lt:n•lndin^ the troiijisin the
Ionian Isl;i:i'!>., ('dloiu'l iloluics beiiiL: at
tijiit tiine bri>;tde-ma;or to Sir I'.iirick.
Colo.'iel Holmes joined tlii' Jii^h eon-
s^ .buhiry «s pro\inci:il in-jx-cfor of licin-
sfiT in I>*n, and in !>> ^> Vi is :ippointe<I
• ieputy iii'-jieeto: iieiuT.il. i.oid Kblllti^-
ton }iii< ni.iiki-ii ills v(>n*>" 0! Ccd. Htdmen's
-I iv.e.-H by eonli'irini: liie vacant a]ipoin.
• in'iil on Ms IcotliiT. I he prcmittiire
d' cea t ( 'oloiii-l Holmes was rendered
m'»rt' drp!(ir.il>le by tiie <■ .n 'nrntit death
of hi^ ^:in, ,1 ptoinisin:: boy ol nine years,
u 111) \\.i>- inteiief! in In.* s.mu' grave with
iiis t.i:!:ir.ii H-irohi"-. Cn*'.- ne.ir Hiiblin.
i-'oiir i'Iiil<!:en sur.ivi. v, ifh his widokV
uliovc mentioiK d.
('ohMicl ll'lmi s |,o>se.s.st"l cvi-ry qiiali-
M'HtioM to « f>uie re-pCi't and uir-'cliiHi.
lliu'iily pM'!>o^-e'>siii.; in appcaraiic ; and
"uinifrs, iiuiy .in!i.i!>le i'l ili-^positioii, a
i.ri.id -oifiu r. .iini .111 <*\ri ilcnt man, hi lias
il' < I ■ Ii li to the j;niv<\ fojiowcfl by llic
K^pecl and ^soriow ot all who knew liiui.
Lt.-Colonki. Aunold.
Any, :^K At (!abooI, in India, Lieut.-
Colonel Holh?rt Arnold, commanding the
l<)tb Lancerb, and serving as Brigadier
with the army of the Indus.
This oliicer was educated at Winches-
ter, and appointed to an F^nsignry in the
•Uh Foot in 180f), and to a Lieutenancy
in 1812. He then exchanged into the
l()th Light Dragoons, and was reduced in
1814. In lm.> he was appointed to the
lOth Hu.ssars; in 1818 he obtained a
troop, and in \Siii a Majority, in tliat re-
giment, each by purchase, in 1 8:1^6 he
was promoted to a Lieutenant- (.x)ionelcy
unattached, and soon afterwards gave the
ditTerence into the 1 6th lancers — pro-
ceeding immediately to join them in In-
dia, and has commanded them ever since.
He .served in the Peninsula in 1 811,
181-A XHV.l and 1814— was wounded kc-
verely at Badajoz and Vittoria, and at
Waterloo was .shot through the body while
charging a French square at the head of
his troo|). He was a man of great per-
sonal intrepidity, and considered one of
the best cavalry officers in the service, par-
ticularly on outpost duty. His mannem
and disposition made him deservedly es-
teemed, and his death generally regretted,
bv his brother officers.
.Ma.ior a. K. By.vm.
Sni'. 10. At Rondebosch, near Cape
Town, aged 31', Major Adoiphus Eliza-
betli Byam, Captain of the lion. E. I,
(.'. Madras Art i Her}'.
The Duke of Cambridge and the
Landgravine <d' He.sse Hombnrg utood
sponsors to this genrlemaii, and he wan
nuriied after tbem l)oth, Adolphus Eliza-
ii-th. lit* was r>on ot the late Samuel
Hyam, \K\), one of the CbaplainR in
onlinary to (jet)pp:e III., and Hector of
W y!;" !l(*gis ami Portland, in Dorsetshire;
and was aUo. wf ivarn, descended from
tiie an<-icnt family of the same name, at
one time spread through all the wcMtcm
pirts of Somersetshire. This officer
• i-rvcl in tlie .Madras army for upwards of
sevcnltNTi year>. He was on service during
tiie Hiirmc-c, Ciorg, ami (lormsur warn.
In liiir.iiali h*' served as Artillery officer;
on his return to the co.ist, h(> was potted
to the Hor.se Artiller)*; alterwards he
was aiipointcd Praate Secretary to the
lve>ident at liwieiab.td. and for a short
period had the clmr^"; oi' the Residency;
then made a ( a}»iain Commnndant, and
for several v.-ars eummandcd a KuRiNibah
m
ot Iloisc, In til," « onr/ and (rormsur
v.ar>. !m* served as a Staff and davalry
otheer : an.i xili'-n fie lett Iniiia for the
( t,ir ot (iooil n<pe, oil arcfiiint, of 4 X-
trume ill hculih, iie Vt-.t:> Militaiy r<ecre.
lary Mnd Auditor of Account!) in lii»
436
Obituary. — The Rev. John WordsxvoHh,
[April,
Highness tlie Nizam's army, with the
official rank of Major. During his whole
career in India he has been beloved by
bis brother officers, and valued and es-
teemed by all under whom he served ;
and no one bid a fairer promise of rising
to distinction, when Almighty God was
pleased to remove him from this world,
deeply regretted by his widow and friends.
The Rev. John Wordsworth.
Dec. 31. At Trinity Lodge, Cam-
bridge, aged 31, the Rev. John Words-
worth, eldest son of the Master of Trinity
college, and a Fellow of that society.
Mr. Wordsworth was born at Lambeth
on the 1st of July 1805; and after re-
ceiving at home the rudiments of his
education, was sent in 1819 to Winchester
school, then under the superintendence of
Dr. Gabell. In Dec. 1823 he quitted
Winchester, and commenced residence as
a student of Trinity college in October,
]824>; a year subsequently distinguished
by unusual success in the classical com-
petitions of the University. Of those
gentlemen who came to college at that
time, no less than five were pronounced
worthy of the honour of a University
Scholarship, and in fact carried off all the
Scholarships (four in number) which fell
vacant during the period in which they
could be candidates. Amongst these
five was Mr. Wordsworth, who, though
ultimately the unsuccessful candidate, was
re-examined for the Craven Scholarship in
1827, along with another gentleman, to
whom, in the first instance, he had been
declared equal. In 1825 he was elected
one of Dr. Bell's University Scholars,
and Scholar of Trinity in 1826. In the
same year he obtained the ** Porson
Prize " with an exercise pronounced by
Scholars to be one of more than ordinary
merit ; an extraordinary prize for a similar
exercise was awarded to him in the fol-
lowing year, when the successful candi-
date was Dr. Kennedy, now Head
Master of Shrewsbury School, as well
as honourable mention made of his
** Greek Ode, " which was ordered to
be copied, together with that to which Sir
Wm. Browne's Medal was adjudged, into
the public volume of University Exer-
cises. He obtained also prizes for das-
sical composition in his own college ; and
would undoubtedly have occupied a very
high place in the classical honours of the
Commencing Bachelors, if he had not
been excluded from the competition by
regulations which, however just in prin-
ciple, appear to have (mainly in conse-
quence of progressive alterations in the
Mathematical Examinations) a very ques.
tionablei if not ipjurious influence on the
encouragement of the classical studies of
the university.
Mr. Wordsworth was elected a Fellow
of Trinity in 1830, and continued gene.
rally to reside in college till 1B33, when
he visited the Continent, not only for the
purpose of general improvement in body
and mind, but with the ardent desire of
becoming acquainted with the critical
treasures of foreign libraries. In this
journey Italy was his principal object ;
and during a prolonged stay at li'lorence
he collated the MSS. of .£schylu8 in the
Medicean Library, with such diligence
and success as led him to devote himself,
on his return, more particularly to the
study and correction of that poet, with
hopes of giving a much purer text than
had hitherto been obtained. Some por-
tion of the produce of his collections,
and some foretaste of what he would have
done in this department of criticism, is to
be found in a Review by him of Wel-
lauer's iEschylus, published in the first
volume of the Philological Muteum ;- -of
which it may here suffice to say that it is
understood to have drawn from a dis.
tinguished Prelate, one of the roost emi-
nent scholars of the day, the offer of an
appointment conveying the highest possi-
ble testimony to Mr. Wordsworth's at-
tainments and character. Soon after bis
return from his travels, he was appointed
to the office of Assistant Tutor; and the
classical lectures which devolved upon
him in virtue of this appointment justified
the reputation which had now begun to
attach to his name ; so that, on occasion
of an anticipated vacancy of the Greek
Professorship, Mr. Wordsworth was an-
nounced as a candidate for the chair of
Porson, with the general expectation that
he would have no competitor among the
members of his own society ; — and when,
shortly after, the design of publishing the
unedited Papers and (/orrespondence of
Bentley was undertaken by the college,
the conduct of that publication was com-
mitted to Mr. Wordsworth.
Mr. Wordsworth was ordained Deacon
in June, 1837, and Priest soon after, by
the Bishop of Ely. In the meantime,
habits of laborious study, the scnipulous
diligence with which he prepared himself
for his public lectures, the singular fas-
tidiousness with which, centor mi reli-
giosissimusTf he examined and weighed
every suggestion and subject, had injured
his health ; and this, added to the desire
of devoting himself wholly to classical
literature, induced him, to the great re-
gret both of his pupils and his colleagues,
to resign his office in the Tuition. Per.
haps it was the uneafiness caused by these
feelings of incipient disease which prompu
ed him, with a view to change of occu.
1840.]
Obituary. — Mr, Luke Clennell.
43/
pations, to be a candidate for the Head
Mastrrship of King Edward's School at
iiirmirigham ; from which, when well as-
surcd of success, he was with difficulty,
and only through a dutiful obedience to
tlie remonstrance of his nearest friends,
persuaded to withdraw. He continued,
however, to prosecute the studies he had
chosen, and to collect materials for some
works he had undertaken, till within a
few weeks of his death.
We are happy to learn that the fruits
of his Ifibours ure not likely to be lost to
the world. The papers relating to the
lientley Correspondence are understood to
be in a state of forwardness, lie had
made some progress in the preparation of
a Classical Dictionary, which would have
come out of his hands as much distin-
guished by accuracy, as the books in
common u>e on that subject are by the
want of it; and he has left behind him
much tJjat is likely to be higlily valuable
to future editors of A-lschylvs, besides a
great variety of Critical .-{dcersaria. It
will be one of the many consolations of a
fu.Tiilv to which l*rovidence has been li-
0
beral above measure in mental endow-
ments, that his afflicted parent does not
yet want sons capable of securing to the
world the benefit of their brother's dili-
gence and sagacity.
The moral character of the deceased
corresponded to his intellectual quali-
ties. With an uncompromising tenacity
of opinion, and frankness in declaring it,
he joined a dignitied amenity of manners
and inoffensiveness of disposition, which
made him beloved as well as respected by
hU ranks of the society to which he be-
longed. His unobtrusive piety — of which
the surest evidence in the days of health
and cheerfulness* was to be found in the
purity of his lite and conversation, his
NJmplu'ity of character, his cimscientious
performance ot duly, his humble-minded-
ite««*«, charitable temper, and love of truth
-had its more pal])able nmnifestalionson
tin* bed ot death, when the sincerity of
('hri«itian taith was exhibited in the re-
>igned serenity of (Ihristian hope.
Ills funeral t(H)k nlace on the (>th Jan.
The %enerable father of the deceased,
i>up{)orted by his second son, Mr. Charles
Wordsworth ; the Kev. Christopher
Wordsworth, I). I). Master of Harrow,
and Mrs. Wordsworth; and the Kev.
Mr. Frere. Rector of CotCenham, were
the principal mournen; and the pall was
b«)rne by the six senior Fellows in re-
sidence, the Vice- Master, the Dean of
Kly, (he Kev. J. Komilly, Professor
Whewrll. Archdeacon Thorp, and the
Kev. F. Martin.
We arc gUd to Icam that, at the timely
5Ugg«ttion of a fhvnd, a cast wai taken
of the face of the deceased, with the view
of procuring a bust to be placed, by sub-
scription, in the antc-chapel of Trinity
college.
Mr. Luke Clf.nnki.l.
Feb. 9. At Newcastle, in his fifty-
ninth year, Mr. Luke Clennell, formerly
a very promising artist.
He was the son of a farmer at Ulgham
near Morpeth, in Northumberland, where
he was born on the 30th of March, 1781.
He is said to have displayed at a very early
age a passion for sketching and caricatur-
ing, and many anecdotes have been related
by his schoolfellows of the troubles in
which it involved him, for his slate was
sure to be covered with rude figures of
birds and beasts, instead of those of arith-
metic. On his removal from school, he
was apprenticed to his uncle, a tanner,
but the ruling passion still swayed his
destiny. He was on one occasion so ab-
sorbed in his favourite pursuit as to be
unaware of the presence of a customer,
who reproved him somewhat sharply for
his inattention. Clennell submitted in
silence — exhibited the skins — and the man
ot business proceeded to examine, com-
pare, and select. Unfortunately, when
about to depart, he caught sight of a can*
cature likeness of himself, which the boy
had sketched in chalk behind the door.
These manifest, though ill-timed predilec-
tions for art induced his friends to place
him with Bewick, of Newcastle, the cele-
brated wood-engraver, to whom he was
now apprenticed. Soon after, his parcnta
were involved in difficulties, and to pro-
cure a lirtle pocket money, Clennell wai
accustomed to dispose of the productiona
of his pencil by raffle among his com-
panions ; and some of these earlier speci-
mens of his talent are, we arc informed,
vet to be seen in the neighbouring farm-
liouses. While with Bewick, he assidu-
ousiy availed himself of all opportunitieit
to prosecute those studies which had
hitherto been to him only a source of
trouble and anxiety. He was soon so far
a proficient as to be employed by his
master in copying drawings on the block,
and in executing such subjects as required
freedom of outline and breadth of effect.
In IbOl, shortly after he had served out
his term of apprenticeship, he removed to
London, and there married the daughter
of Mr. Charles Warren, engraver. The
fame of his talent had preceded him, and
in this great mart for genius he soon found
abundant emplovment. Among his best
works, are the illustrations to Falconer'H
Shipwreck, Kogers's Poems, after draw-
ings by Stothard, and the Diploma of thu
Highland Societ}*, from a design hy the
Preaident West, ' «* Cicnngll's cuts/' (sa^^
438
Obituary. — Mr» Luke dennell.
[April,
Mr. .luckaon in bis Treatise on Wood
Eiigniviii^%) "are distiii^uiMhcd by their
free and nrtist.like execution, and by their
exeelliMit etfect. An udniirahlu specimen
ot" his engraving is tlie vignette in Fal-
coner— A Ship running before the Wind
in a Gale. The motion of the waves and
the gloomy appearancre of the sky are
repreitented with admirable truth and feel-
ing. Perhaps no engraving of the same
kind, either on copper or wood, conveys
the idea of a storm at sea with greater
lidelity. The drawing was made by
Thurston ; but the spirit and effect, the
lights and shadows, the apparent seething
of the waves, were introduced by ClcnncU."
Jn fact, as his whole life proves, Clennell
was an artist : while yet at Newcastle, he
had availed himself of' his hours of leisure
to make sketches of rustic and marine
scenery, and portraits of his friends. He
now, in London, met at the house of liis
father-in-law with men of congenial taste,
literary men as well as artists ; his mind
enlarged, his ambition took a higher aim,
and he resolved to abandon engraving and
become a painter. Being familiar with
the use of water colours — having already
made many drawings for Sir Walter
Scott's ** Juorder Antiquities " — he re-
solved to become a candidate for a prize
offered by the liritish Institution, for the
best sketch of " The Decisive Charge of
the Life Guards at Waterloo." lie suc-
ceeded, and received 150 guineas; an en-
graving from this picture was subsequently
published by Bromley, for the benefit of
the artist's family.
In ISH, the Earl of Bridgewater gave
Mr. Clennell a commission to paint .'i
large picture, commemorative of the dinner
given by the City of London to the Allied
Sovereigns, in which he was to introduce
portraits of the j)rineii)al guests. The
artist had, of course, great difTiculty in
procuring the required portraits. It is
believed, indeed, that his health suffered
from unceasing anxieties on this j)oint.
At length, when he had collected all his
materials, finished his sketcli, and was
proceeding vigorously with the great work*
itself, his mind suddenly became a blank
in April 1817 — to the astonishment of his
friends, for they had no previous warning;
he was fburKl to be insane — and he never
recovered. It is gratifying to know, that,
during liis long years of confinement, he
found innocent amusement in attempts at
musical and poetical composition, and in
drawing and wood -engraving. Many of
* The picture is now hung up in one
of the rooms at Ashridge. Mr. Jackson
i^tates that it was finished by E. Bird,
K.A. who also became insane.
these we have seen. Mr. Jackson has
given some specimens of both, and some
other poems have been recently published
in the AtheruBum of the 7th of March.
*' His wood -engravings (says Mr. Jackson)
resembled the first attempts of a boy ; but
he prized them highly, and ranked them
among the most successful productions in
the art." His poetry was wild, strange,
and generally incoherent, yet not without
nmsic in its flow, and vague shadowy
visions of the beautiful.
The principal characteristics of Luke
Clenneli's genius, as an artist, are readi-
ness of composition, spirit of touch, and
1)0 wer of execution. Two of his early
pictures are sufficient to prove this — his
** Arrival of Mackerel Boats at Brighton,"
exhibited in the British Gallery, and his
picture of*' The Day after the Fair," in
the possession of Mr. Mark Lambert, of
Newcastle. This latter picture, perhaps
more than any other, possesses all tne
charming qualities for which he stood
almost unrivalled. His picture of " The
Decisive Charge of the Life Guards at
Waterloo," also bears ample testimony to
his powers in the command of his pencil;
it is full of dash and fire ; every touch
evinces the confidence of conscious
strength. There is nothing of timidity
or hesitation — all is decision; and the
strength and perfection of the painter's
thought seems transferred, as it were, at
once, magically, to the canvas. His high
talent as a landscape painter is sufficiently
established by his works in the << Border
Antiquities." The points from which he
selected his views, show what an eye he
had for picturesque composition: the
powerful effects of light and shadow
thrown into these views, prove his deep
knowledge of chiaro-scuro, the tastcfful
manner in which he introduced his figures
lent an additional interest to the scenes.
His delineation of rustic groups is rarely
surpassed — instance, as a specimen, the
" Cow Hill Fair," in the possession of
iiord Durham : the figures are full of
character and nature.
Mr. Clennell has been described to us
by those who knew him well, as a roan of
a kind and gentle disposition — of pleasing
manners— open-hearted, fincere, and be-
loved by his family and friends ; and we
cainiot close this notice better Uuin with
the hope expressed by Mr. Jackson, that
though his condition appeared miserable
to us, he was not himself miserable } that
though deprived of the light of reason, he
yet enjoyed some pleasures of which wo
can form no conception ; and that his con-
finement occasioned to him ** Small feel-
ing of privation, none of pain. "^/iSe/uwwi.
1840.]
Obituary.— r/er^y Deceased,
4:<9
W. J. Ward, Kfuj. A.R.A.
March I. Aped -kl, William Jamrs
Ward, t>q. A.K. A. of Albany. si rtH*t.
Rf.uent's Park. Mezzotinto Engraver to
tiifir lute Majesties (ieorge the Fourth
>.nd William the Fourth.
lie was the son of the late Mr. Ward,
associate of the Koyul Academy, and
nephew of the celebrated animal painter,
.lames Ward, e^q. K.A. His earliest as-
s(M*iations were, therefore, with the arts;
his mother being the sister of George
.Morland, and bis cousin the wife of John
Jackson, esq. K.A. He exhibited talent
ill very early life, having gained, at twelve
years of age, the silver medul of the So-
ciety of Arts, for an elaborate copy, in
pen>aiul-ink, of the Madonna dclU Seg-
giola of Haphael. in the style of art
which the father pursued, the ^on greatly
excelled ; he has left but few engravers in
mezzotinto of etjual merit. iJe combined
an extraordinary depth and richness of
colour, with an urtiMt-lilce touch, that ren-
dered his purtraitB, more especially, ex-
ceedingly etfcctive. His manner was
peculiarly adapted for transferring the
\\ork> of Hevnolds and Jackson ; the
plates lie produced alter J^wrenee, are
flctiricnt in that delicacy, so prominent a
Iraturt' in the works of the late President.
'Jill' latt'ht plate be executed was decidedly
one of his most able productions; on the
\ cry (vc (»f linishing it, he was attacked by
the most frightful malady th«it " tiesh is
licir to" — insanity; brought on, it is ap-
prrhi iidcd, by » custom in which he in-
diilgcd. ot plunging into a cold bath every
morning', uintrr or summer, the instant
\\v li'tt hi** lH.'d. Though rc))eatedly cau-
tioned ak^aiiist the danger of iuch a course,
he p4>r«cvcrcd until the evil was bi*yond
itpttir. (Art I'nioti.J
( Li:K(;y hkckased.
Jan. 11. At Oxford, aged .i2. the
Kcv. Joseph Carter^ iUnrtor of Jiainton.
^ orkshirc. i ie was educatt^dat Merchant-
r.iviors' schiMil, London, and elected to
:t M'liolarship at St. John's college, Ox-
lor<I, in .f'lni' Is<Ki; he took the degree
(it 1>.A. in lHi(), uiid proceeded M.A. in
IsKi, H.D. iSil. I.i IH'A* he wa> prc-
vi-nfi-d by the colleg«' t«» the vicuraj:e of
.St. <fileM*>. by Oxford; which he re-
NiuMied III l.Kl'i tor the rtrrtory ot l»ainton,
iilso in thcKitt ot the college.
Jau. 17. At Hatfu-ld, Hcrtfordnhire,
the Ke\ . liennj Comyn^ < '-uratt* of that
poisli, late of Kxetcr college, Oxford,
which lu' entered a <*ommon4*r in 18.'jl),
and look the degice of B.A. in i8.'i.'{.
ile was the eldest %o%\ of Major- (ten.
(omyn, K.I.C. service, of Cbcltenhaoi.
Jn London, the Rev. Jamt» EUioff,
brother of the R<»v. (iin>orl Fliiolt, for
some time Curate and Ch»|)lain of Dun-
cannon Fort, Ireland, and lately Curate
ot Brandon, Suffolk.
Jan. 21. Aged Gii, the Rev. Henry
BoireSf Vicar of Taunton St. Alary
Magdalene, Rector of Orchard Portman,
Bickenhall, and Staple Fitz Payne, and
Chaplain to the Earl of Rosebery. He
was brother to Thomas Bowyer Bowes,
esq. of Iwernc Minster house, Dorset;-
sbirc ; was a member of Queen's coll.
Oxford, M.A. 17118; was presented to
all his livings by the present Lord Port-
man; to Orchard Portman in 1806; to
Steeple Fitz Payne, with Bickenhall, in
1811 ; and to his church in 1813. The
advowson of the last now belongs to Lord
Asbbuiton. Mr. Bowes has left a nu.
roerous family, of whom two sons are
ministers of the church.
Jan. 23. The Rev. W. Eicbank,
Rector of North Witham, Lincolnshire,
to which he wa« i)rcsented a few months
since on the death of Mr. Kitchingman.
Jan. 24-. At Torquay, aged 21^ the
Rev. A(fred Howell, B. A. of Caius CoU
lege, Cambridge, late (;urate of Sedgley,
Staffordshire, fourth son of Thonuis
Howell, esq. of Clapbam.
Jan. 2j. At Stulisfield, Kent, aged 71,
the Rev. Patrick Keith, Rector of Ruck-
inge, and Vicar of Stolistield, and also
Perpetual Curate of Marr, in the county
of Vork. He was collated to Riickinge
in ls->'^, and to Stalisfield in 1827, by
Abp. Miumers Sutton ; and recently
presented to Marr by the trustees of Mr.
rhetlusson.
Thi' Rev. Thomat J'igot, Rector of
Blymhill, Staffordshire. He was bom
at Hodnet, near Shrewsbury, the son of
Thomas Pigot, esq. was matriculated of
Christchurch, Oxford, in 17f^'>, graduated
B.A. nii9f M.A. 1M)2, and was recently
presented to hit living by the Karl of
Bradford.
Jan. 27. Aged 87, the liev. J. Skep^
herd, for more thin forty years Lecturer
of St. ( jiles's in the F'ields, and formerlv
MiniKter oi the FJpis<'opal C'hapeT,
Queen's Square, Westminster.
Jau. 28. At Rochester, aged H(>, the
Hon. and Rev. Jacoh Martham, \).\},
(4inon of Windi^or, and PrelK'itdary of
Rocrhester and Wells ; uncle of the Karl
ot Romney. He was the third >on of
Rotiert second J^ord Romney by I'n^-ciila,
sole daughter and heiress ot { if:irle^
Pymm, es(^. of St. Kiifs. He was edu
cated kt hton, and ulrerwardn Ixraoie
Fellow of King's colbn;**. Cambridge;
and graduated M.A. XlKi, H.i). I797!
He wan collated to the small prclN'ud of
Wormiustcr in the church oi WeiU in
440
Orituary.— C/^^y Deceaseds
[April,
ITs", to liiri pri'bond of Rochester in
1797. and became n ('anon of Windsor
in \H).'j. llo married in HS-I-, Amelia
Kninci^i, only child of Joseph Bullock,
esq. and by that lady, who died in lK'i(i,
liP had i«suc five sons, the eldest of whom
is Dr. Marsham the present Warden of
^Jerton, two others are clerp}'men, and
one a ('aptain in the Navy, and live
daughter«;. He was a very benevolent
man and sincere Christian.
Feb. 18. At Ciieltenham, the Rev.
Henry Birkett^ Felh)w of Queen's col-
lege, Oxford. He entered as a commoner
of that college in 18'il-, and graduated
«.A. 1828, M.A. 1832.
Feb. 5^0. At Little Grimsby, Lincoln-
shire, aged G4, the Rev. Edward Cove,
Rector of Brimpton and AVoolhampton,
Berks. He was of Balliol college, Ox-
ford, M.A. 18(K), and was instituted to
Brimpton, a family living, in the same
year.
Feb. 22. At Danbyhall, Yorkshire,
aged 76, the Rev. William Cusi, Rector
of Danby Wiske, to which he was insti-
tuted in 1811, on his own petition.
Feb. 23. In his 32d year, the Rev.
Henrij Ross Ripley, B'.A., Curate of
Gordon, near Manchester.
Feb. 24. At Kellington, Yorkshire,
the Rev. John Lowthian^ Vicar of that
))arish. He was formerly Fellow of
Trinity college, Cambridge, where he
graduated B.A. 1797, as 2d Wrangler
and 2d Smith's prizeman, M.A. 1800;
and he was presented to his living by that
Society in 1818. Mr. Lowthian was
formerly a frequent correspondent of the
Gentleman's Magazine.
Feb. 25. At Hastings, in his 74th year,
the Ven. Thomas Birch, D.C.L. Arch-
deacon of Lewes, and Vicar of Bexhill,
Sussex. This amiable, learned, and pious
man was educated at Merchant-taylors'
School, then under the superintendence of
the well-known Mr. Bishop. He was
elected a probationary Fellow of St.
John's college, Oxford, in June 1785,
and proceeded to the degree of B.C.L.
18th April, 1792, and to that of D.C.L.
14th Jan. 1797. He was preferred to the
Deanery of Battle in 1801, to the Arch-
deaconry of Lewes in 1823, and to the
vicarage of Bexhill in 1836, upon which
event he resigned the Deanery of Battle.
On the 30th Jan. 1804 he was married at
Hampton to Maria Rosara, third daughter
of the late Charles Gordon of Wardhouse,
CO. Aberdeen, esq. sister to Rear-Adm.
Sir James Alexander Gordon, K.C.B.,
and niece to Sylvester Lord Glenbervie.
By this Lady, who survives him,he has left
issue: 1. Thomas Frederic Birch, Lieut.
R.N. born 16th Jan. 1805, now com-
13
manding H.M. brig the Wizard on
the South American station ; 2. The
Rev. (-harles Edward Birch, late Fel-
low of St. John's college, Oxford, M.A.
Vic:ir of Wiston in Suffolk, who married
Mary- Anne, daughterof Thomas Burnett,
of keppelston, co. Aberdeen, esq. and
has issue ; .3. Sylvester- Douglas, in the
Hon. f]. I.e. civil service, who married
in 1837 Isabella, daughter of Dr. Wilmot ;
4. James. Alexander. The Archdeacon
had also five daughters, who all pre-
deceased him, the survivor, Salvadora-
Hannah, having died at Hastings on the
1st of February last, in her 16th year.
Feb. 25. At Dieppe, the Rev. James
Beaver, formerly Fellow of Corpus
Christi college, Oxford, and for many
years Rector of Childrey, Berks. He
was the son of the Rev. James Beaver,
born at Lewkenor, in Oxfordshire, elected
in 1773 to an Oxfordshire scholarship
at Corpus, and matriculated, at the un-
usually early age of twelve^ on the 26th
Nov. in that year; B.A. 1777, M.A.
1781 ; elected Probationer Fellow 1784,
Actual Fellow 1786; B.D. 1790. In
1800 he was presented to Childrey (net
value in 1831, 604/.), where be resided
and was much beloved for many years.
Latterly, however, his time has been alto-
gether passed on the continent. Mr.
Beaver, in early life, served as Chaplain
both in the army and navy. Whilst in
the latter service he was on board the
Monarch, in the battle of Copenhagen,
that battle of which Nelson himself said
that, of all the engagements in which he
had borne a part, it was the most terrible ;
and behaved with so much courage and
presence of mind as to attract the notice
of all on board. The officer who had the
charge of an important gun having fallen
early, Mr. Beaver took his place, and
fought his gun with so great skill and
bravery to the end of the actioni that he
was honoured with the especial notice of
Lord Nelson, and on his return to Eng-
land had a gold medal presented to him,
in commemoration of his heroic conduct.
DEATHS.
LONDON AND ITS VICINITY.
Jan. 3. Aged 48, Mr. Robert Gray,
for the last eight years an actor in the
Norwich Company; brother to Mrs.
Garrick, of the London boards, at whose
house in Gerrard-street, Soho, he hung
himself. He was a good representative
of elderly gentlemen.
Jan. 30. Aged 71, Mr. John Booth,
of Duke-street, Portland-place, an emi-
nent bookseller.
Feb. 6. At his son's, in Alfnd-
1840.]
Obituary.
441
place, Bedford -square, in bis 82d year,
Mr. James Knovvles, author of the En.
glish Dictionary that bears his name, and
father of Mr. Sheridan Knowlcs the
dramatist and actor. He was first cousin
to the late Richard Brinsley Sheridan.
His body was interred in the Highgate
Ct^mttcry.
f'eb. 7. In Upper Seymour-st. aged
3.'i, from a violent attack of scarlet fever,
which came bn 36 hours after her con-
fincment, the Baroness de Moncorvo, lady
of the Portuguese minister at this court.
Feb. 16. Dorothy, wife of John Box,
esq. of Doctors* Commons.
Feb. IS. At Turn ham Green, Susan-
Eliza, wife of James Home Kenton, esq.
of the Admiralty.
Feb. 19. In Devonshire-place, Miss
Shepley.
Feb. 20. At Clapham-common, in
her 60th year, Miss Mercy Mary J3el-
lamy, daughter of the late John Bellamy,
esq. of the House of Commons.
Feb. 21. At Peckham, aged 88, Miss
Sophia Schutz.
At Hammersmith, aged 64, Robert
Cory, jun. esq. of Burghcastle, and Great
Yarmouth, Norfolk.
At his son's, Mr. Joseph Kisch, Broad-
street-buildings, aged 76, Benjamin Kisch,
esq. surgeon and apothecary to various
public institutions for upwards of half a
rentury.
At Fitzroy-square, aged 81, Thomas
Wilkinson, esq. formerly of the Bombay
Civil Service.
Feb. 22. At Sydenham, in Kent, aged
7.i, the widow of John ParrWelsford, esq.
Aged 36, Robert Hancock, esq. of
M.'irnilton. place, New-road.
At St. James's-place, Hampstead-road,
aged 52, Mnry, relict of C. Leete, esq.
uf Northumberland-st. Strand.
Feb. 23. In Hyde Park-square, Frances,
relict of James Wright, esq. 60th Reg.
Mirgeon to the forces at Martinique.
Feb. 24. In Upper Seymour-st. aged
59, Frances, widow of Geo. Watkin«,e8q.
At Lee, Kent, aged 68, James Young,
e«q. one of the Elder Brethren of the
Trinity House.
Susanna, relict of William Lane, esq.
of Mercers' Hall.
Aged il, Joseph Harrison, esq. of
Balbam.
At Pentonville, aged 77, James Bell,
e«q. late of Trowse, near Norwich.
Feb. 2.i. At Sydenham, aged 90, Has-
kett Smith, esq. of Bedford-square.
Ftb. 20. At the residence of her
daughters, Kensington, aged 71, Char-
lotte, relict of John Weston Goss, esq.
of Tcignmouth.
(fENT. Mag. Vol. XIII.
At Clapham, aged 78, Josepb Howlett
Fenner, esq.
Feb. 27. Aged .% Anne, wife of
William Frederick Hodgson, eiq. df
Hackney, eldest dau. of toe late Charles
Piatt Wilkinson, esq. of Upper Homer-
ton, and Austin Friars.
In Belgrave- square, Mary-Anne, lady
of the Hon. Col. Grant, M.P. for El-
ginshire. She was the only dau. of John
Charles Dunn, esq. of Higham house;
was married in 181 1 , and has left a ou-
merous family.
In Salisbury-place, New-road, Mary
Ann, ^ndow of Wm. Winkworth, esq.
Feb. 28. At Hertford-st. May-fair,
Mary, relict of Edw. Bilke, esq.
At Sydenham, aged 72, Tinmouth
Dixon, esq. late of New Bos well -court.
Feb. 29. At Tottenham High-croiS»
aged 76, John Marshall, esq.
At Pentonville, aged 51, John Weslej
Clarke, esq. of the Record Office, Chapter
House, Westminster, and eldest son of
the late Dr. Adam Clarke.
Aged 82, Richard Hitchcock, esq. of
Kensington, an old inhabitant of th«t
place.
Lately. In Great Coram-st. aged 90,
John Tertius Parkes, esq.
In her 70th year, Susan, relict of James
Cowper, esq.
Patrick Persse, esq. of Brompton,
who has bequeathed 10,000/. stock in the
Bank of England, to be equally divided
between the Benevolent Society of 8t«
Patrick, the Narional Benevolent Insti-
tution, the Philanthropic Society, the Re-
fuge for the Destitute, and the Indigent
Blind.
March I . In Dorset-square, Jeremiah
Scully, esq.
In his 70th year, William Wiley, esq.
of Carthusian -St. Charterhouse- squtre.
March 2. At Battersea Rise, md
24', Harriet Maria, wife of Henry Sykes
Thornton, esq.
In Manchester-sq. Sarah, widow of
Samuel Jones Vachell, esq.
In her 6th year, the Hon. BlanclM
Eliza Howard, eldest dau. of Lord How-
ard of Effingham.
March 3. Aged 51, Mr. Olipbant
Samuel Sheen, ofHolbom-bill, of iunass
occasioned by excessive grief for the un-
timely and unfortunate loss of his eld«it
son, Mr. William Henry Sheen, afsd
23, who was a passenger on board X\m
ship Tvrian, which was run down while
at anchor off Gravesend bv the stMUi-
vessel Manchester on the l3th Feb.
March 5. In Edmund-street, Kief's
Cross, aged 81, John Vamell, esq.
At Burton-st. Bnrton-crescent, and
3 L
442
Obituary.
[ April,
86, Judith, widow of Jamei Devereux
Hustler.
March 6. At Lambeth, aged 65,
George By, esq. of her Majesty's Customs.
In his 73rd year, Caleb Welch Collins,
esq. of Clapham Rise.
At Finsbury. terrace, aged 90, Lydia
Wright, widow of Joseph Palmer, esq.
At Kensington, aged 72, Anthony
Browne, esq. for many years a member
of Parliament, and for nearly half a ccn-
tury, and down to the period of his de-
cease, agent for the Island of Antigua.
He was first returned to Parliament for
Hedon in 1806.
March 7. Aged 69, John Shearman,
esq. of Harpur-st. Bloomsbury.
March S, Aged 81, Euphemia, relict
of Andrew Birrell, esq.
In Smith-sq. Westminster, aged 58,
Capt. George Kendall, K.M. He had
seen much service, and was in the memo-
rable engagements of Copenhagen, the
Nile, and Trafalgar.
March 10. The Comtesse De Tour-
ville, of Cambridge-terrace, Hyde Park.
At Highgate, aged 65, William Crew,
esq.
March 11. Aged 58, Henry John
Rucker, esq. of Clapham-common and
Mincing-lane.
At his apartments in St. James's
Palace, in his 74th year. Sir Thomas
Mash, for many years attached to the
Lord Chamberlain's Office during the
reigns of George III. and IV. and Wil-
liam IV. by the last of whom he was
knighted on his retirement from public
life.
At North-end, Hempstead, aged 67,
Esther- Sewell, relict of Henry Bankes,
esq.
March 12. At Clapham, aged 17,
Hannah Matilda, daughter of Gideon
Algernon Man tell, esq. LL.D. F.R.S.
At Clapham, aged 81, Thomas Ni-
cholas Wittwer, esq.
March 13. At Wanstead, aged 76,
fioswell Middleton, esq.
Aged 66, Nathaniel Palmer, esq. of
Aldermanbury, and late of Streatham.
At the house of his friend Dr. Black,
in Salisbury. street. Strand, aged 72,
James Seaton, esq. of Bridge-street,
Westminster, master of the Company of
Apothecaries, and a director of the West-
minster Fire Office. Hewasanativeofthe
north of Ireland, was educated at Edin-
bui^h m his profession, which he success-
fully practised in the parish of St. Mar-
garet, Westminster, for about half a cen-
tury. He was not only the skilful medi-
cal adviser, but the warm friend of nume-
rous families, who will long respect his
memory. He was buried March 21, at
St. Margarets, where the remuns of his
wife were deposited a few yews since.
He has left no family.
In Wilton.st. aged 90, Mrs. M. Whit-
tam, sister of the late Geoive Wbittam,
esq. clerk of the Journals of the House
of Commons.
In Belgrave-st. Miss Charlotte H. G.
Mackenzie, of Bursledon House, Hamp-
shire.
March 14. At Chiswick Grove, Char-
lotte Lydia Elizabeth, wife of Septimus
Burton, esq. having given birth to a son
on the 7th inst.
In Gloucester-place, aged 32, Louisa
Henrietta, wife of John Kingston, esq.
and sister to Sir Archibald Edmoustone,
Bart. She was the elder daughter by the
second marriage of the late Sir Chaises
Edmonstone, Bart, with the Hon. Louisa
Hotham, youngest dau. of Beaumont 2d
Lord Hotham.
In Berners-st. aged 24, Ellen Doro-
thea, wife of the Rev. William Hornby,
of St. MichaePs-on-Wyre, Lancashire.
In Brunswick-sq. aged 50^ H. Cheape,
esq.
March 15. At the house of her uncle,
James Vanhouse, esq. Camberwell, aged
28, Sophia, daughter of the late Mr.
William Vanhouse, of Mincing-lane.
March 17. In Dorset-sq. Rebecca-
Anne, widow of Capt. E. Scobell, R.N.
of Poltair House, Penzance.
In Osnaburgh-terrace, Regent's Park,
aged 59, Hannah Maria, wife of Lieut-
Col. Maling, Assistant MUitary Secre-
tary, Horse Guards.
At the Globe eating-house, in Bow-
street, in a violent fit of coughiiw, Mr.
Dealey, formerly for 30 years in the
employment of Messrs. Ives and Co.
Little Queen-street, Holbom. His wife,
who died some years since in Switzer-
land, was a novel writer of some cele-
brity, under the assumed name of Amui
Maria Roche.
March 18. In Upper Montagu-st.
Mary Elizabeth, wife of John Sheafe
Gaskin, esq. Member of her Majesty's
Council in Barbadoes.
At Stamford-hill, Catharine, relict of
Seth Thompson, esq.
Henry Barton, esq. of the Six Clerks'
Office, Chancery-lane.
Bed^,— March 25. At Henlow-
Grange, Katharine, wife of Georaa Ni-
gel Edwards, esq. last surviving £in. of
Robert Peers, esq. late of Chislehampton.
Berks.— JPe6. 24. Mariana, wife of
William Bennett, esq. of Faringdon.
March 1. At Sandhurst, aged 71*
Thomas Leyboume, esq. F.RS., and
Senior Professor of Mathematict at tibe
1 840.]
Obituary.
443
Military College. In consequence of in-
firmities be retired from active duty in
Nov. last.
March 2. Frances- Mary, wife of Lion-
el Hervey, esq. of Woodside, Winkfield,
uncle to Sir F. H. Hervey Bathurst,
Bart, and cousin to the Marquess of Bris-
tol. She was a dau. of the late Vice-
Adm. Thomas Wells, was married in
182% and has left issue a son and a dau.
March 9. At Benham. place, Anna
Maria, wife of F. Villebois, esq. dau. of
Robert Jones, esq. of Fonmon-castle,
Glamorgan.
March 17. At Reading, Sarianne,
wife of Francis S. Hurlock, esq. young-
est dau. of the late Barnard Cocker, esq.
of Nassau-st. Soho.
Bucks. — Feb. 24. In his 63rd year,
W. Clarke, esq. of Hambledon, formerly
of (/ompton, Berks.
March 2. At Broughton, Sarah, wife
of the Rev. Joshua Cautley.
March 18. At Denham-park, aged 45,
the Hon. Edward Perceval. For the
la.st five or six months he had been an in-
mate of that establishment for the insane.
He managed, during the temporary ab-
sence of his keeper, to reach the window,
raise it up, and cast himself therefrom, a
height of about 40 feet. He married in
1821 his cousin Jane, eldest dau. of the
late Rt. Hon. Spencer Perceval, but she
died without issue in 1824.
Cambridgi-u — Dt!c. 29. At Ely, aged
87, John Hall, esq.
fW/. 8. At Leverington,agcd 90, Mr.
Abraham Lehair. This worthy and ve-
nerable old man had been the school-
master of the village, and taught " the
young idea how to shoot,** from the year
1779 until a few years of his death, when
hi^ 5on was appointed his successor.
Feb. 17. At Suham, aged 52, John
Slack, es<i.
Feb. tli. At Fenstanton, in his 80th
year, James Mason Margetts, gent.
Feb. 2j. At March, aged ()8, Richard
Matthew, esq. solicitor.
('ursimii:. — March 7. At Euton.
hall, aged 18 months, Arthur Richard,
youngf>t son of Lord R. Grosvenor.
March 8. At Winsford-lodge, John
Dudley, jun. esa. the eldest son of John
Dudley, esq. of Wharton-lodge.
CoR.vwAi.L. — At Helston, Dinah, wife
of Peter Martin, sexton, in her 96th year.
Her husband, who survives her, is in his
flHth year, and is able to walk about, and
rnid the smallest print without spectacles.
ThiM couple had been married iW years,
Di;voN. -Jan, .'iO. At Stonehouse,
Dcv*»n, aged .Vi, the widow of Mr. N.
T. Carriugton, author vl *• Dartmoor,"
and other poems.
Feb. 23. At Torquay, in her 20th
year, Margaret Fleming, youngest dau.
of the late Sir James Montgomery, of
Stanhope, Bart.
Feb. 24. At Teignmouth, aged 74,
Mary, widow of the Rev. Joseph (rriffith,
Rector of West Grimstead, and Warden
of Farley hospital, Wilts.
Feb. 26. At Newton Abbot, aged 24,
Joshua Wm. Hole, only son of the late
Rev. William Hole, Rector of Belstone.
March 2. At Exeter, aged 27, John
Clitsome Warren, esq. only son of J. W.
Warren, esq. of Taunton.
March 6. At South Molton, aged 48,
C. R. Goring, esq. M.D. This amiable
gentleman had long retired from the busy
scenes of life, and devoted his talents to the
pursuits of science with very great success.
His works, in conjunction with those of
Mr. Andrew Pritchard, published under
the titles of '* Microscopic Illustrations,* '
" Microscopic Cabinet,*' and ** Microgim-
phia," have long been before the public,
and received their due meed of praise.
For many years he assiduously devoted
himself to effecting improvements in the
microscope, and by bis writings and ex-
tensive patronage of artists, he elevated it
from being a mere pUything to one of the
most useful and important instruments
for discovering and investigating the se-
crets of nature.
Lately. At Shaftesbury, aged 82, Phi.
lippa Mary, widow of Wm. Trenchard,
esq. and daughter of the late Samuel Luke
Angier, esq. of Shaftesbury.
Dorset.— Fe*. 21. At Dorchester,
Charlton Byam Wollaston, esq. a leading
magistrate of the county, and for many
years the able Chairman of the Quarter
Sessions. He was the son of Charlton
Wollaston, M.D. F.R.S. Physician to
the Queen's Household, by Phillis Byim,
was born Feb. 16, 1765, was of St. John's
college, Cambridge, B.A. 1786, M.A.
1789, and called to the bar at the Middle
Temple in 1809.
Durham. — Lately. At North Biddek
Hall, aged 83, Nicholas Oofton, esq.
At Hurwortb 'house, near Darlington,
in his 85th year, A. Mowbray, esq. many
vears receiver- general to the Bishops of
l)urham.
Essex.— f>6. 20. In his 2 1st jrear,
Arthur Archibald, youngest surviving
son of the late Hon. George Winn, M.P.
of Warley Lodge.
/>&. 21. At Star Stile, Halsted, in
her 6jth year, Sarah, widow of John
Vaizey, esq.
lately. At Chelmsford, William Bes-
sy, better known as •• Black Will,'* who
>\'as in the habit of carrying a Utuikct of
oranges about Chelmsford, lliii mtti
444
Obituaby.
[April,
lived in the most wretched manner, deny-
ing himself the common necessaries of
Ufet and declaring that his poverty pre-
vented his having a fire in his room. On
hit death he was found to have possessed
800/. in the 3per Cents., 200/. Long An-
nuities, and 300/. in the hands of Messrs.
Sparrow, the bankers. He has left the
money to two brothers and the widow of
another,
March 1. At Colchester, William
Miison, esq. aged 79.
Oloucebtee. — Feb. 13. At Wotton-
under-Edge, aged 76, Samuel Goodson
Bauucey, esq.
JW^. 17. At Downend, aged 90, Bar-
tholomew Doyle, esa. upwards of 50 years
a merchant at Bristol.
Feb, 18. At Cheltenham, Lady Drake,
widow of Sir Francis Henry Drake.
Feb. 19. Aged 73, Nathan Windey,
esq. of Bristol.
March 6. At Cheltenham, aged 81,
Mary, relict of the Rev. Chas. Plumptre,
Rector of Hougbton-le-Skem.
March 13. At Bristol, aged 56, C.
Hare, esq.
Hants. — Jan, 5. At Millbrooke,
near Newport, Isle of Wight, aged 85,
Mrs. Isabella Syme.
Jan. 28. At Southampton, aged 19,
Maigaret Maria, daughter of A. La
Faigue, esq. of Leicester, and niece of
H. Holmes, esq. of Romsey.
Feb. 21. At Burton, Christchurcb,
from the effects of a fall from his horse in
June last, aged 83, William Rowlett, esq.
formerly of Little St. Helen's, and more
recently of Warnford Court, London.
Feb. 25. At Westbury House, Ara-
bella Cecil, wife of the Hon. T. W. Gage,
and daughter of the late Thos. Wil-
liam St. Quintin, esq. of Scampston Hall,
Yorkshire.
Feb. 29. At Southampton, aged 77,
Mr. William Pardy, formerly an eminent
builder of that town.
Aged 67, John *Goolding Seymour,
esq. banker, of Bishop's Waltbam.
Lately. Captain John Terry, fourth
son of the late T. Terry, esq. of Dummer
House.
March 14. At Southampton, aged 56,
John Webb Weston, esq. of Sutton
Place, near Guilford, Surrey.
March 16. At Portsea, aged 83, Mary,
relict of James Hancock,^ esq.
Herts. — March 14. At the residence
of her son-in-law, A. L. Ffeil, esq. of
Willenhall House, East Barnet, in her
89th year, Ann, relict of Richard Parkes,
esq. of Luton.
Huntingdon.— F«ft. 18. At the house
of her brother-in-law, David Veasey,
esq. Huntingdon, Jane, second daughter
of the late Ingram Chapawn, esq. of
Whitby.
March 12. At Hartford, near llunt-
ingdon, aged 72, H. J. Nicholls, esq.
a Deputv Lieutenant, and in the commis-
sion of the peace for the counties of Gam«
bridge, Huntingdon, Lincoln, and Nor-
folk.
Kent. — Fei. 22. At Folkington, aged
73, Charles Harrison, esq.
Feb. 24. At the house of his son, Dr.
Miller, Gravesend, aged 70, Samuel Mil-
ler, the elder, esq.
Lately. At Tunbridge Wells, Mr. J.
H. Fry. He filled the office of Trea-
surer to the Dispensary from its forma-
tion, and had also been for many years
one of the Secretaries to the Tunbridge
Wells Bible Society, and mainly instru-
mental in the establishment of many of
the societies in the neighbourhood. He
has left a widow, but had lost all his
children in early life, except one, the pre-
sent Rector of Sumpting.
Nov. 29. A t Chatham, aged 72, Com-
mander Nathaniel Belchier, R.N. As %
midshipman he was a messmate of the
late King. He obtained the rank of
Lieut. 1794, and commanded the boats
of the Trent 32, at the caj^ture and de-
struction of a Spanish ship and three
schooners at Pprto Rico, in March 1797.
He received the Turkish gold medal for
his services off Egypt, and he is highly
commended in a letter of Capt. 6. Muler,
of the Thetis, reporting thecaptureof Le
Nisus corvette, and the destruction of the
fortification of Des Hayes, at Guadaloupe,
in 1809. He was advanced to the rank
of Commander while serving as first qf
the Neptune 98 at the Leeward Islands,
Oct. 21, 1810. He married in 1803 the
dau. of the Rev. Edward Brywt, of
Newport, Essex, and became a widower
in 1830.
March 5. At the seat of Lord Wyn-
ford, near Chiselhurst, aged 72, the R(.
Hon. Mary- Anne Lady Wynford. Her
Ladyship was the second daughter of
Jerome Knapp, esq. was married to Lord
Wynford in 1794, and had a very nu-
merous family.
Aged 74}, James Barnes, esq. of
Bough ton -under- Blean.
March 6. At Dover, in her 25th yp^f
Emily, the wife of G. R. JarviSy esq.
and daughter of the Rev. the Cbaacellor
of Lincoln Cathedral.
March 7. At Borden, aged 68, Mn.
Vesey, relict of Capt. Vesey, R.N.
March 9. At Ramsgate, aged 00,
Mrs. Mary Ann Rider| daughter of In-
gram Rider, esq. of Boughton-place.
March 14. At Shorne, Ifield, aged 77,
Jarvis Noakes, esq.
1840.]
Obituary.
445
March 18. Aged 71, Thomas Starr,
esq. of Canterbury.
LANCASiiiaE.— F(pA. 29. Aged 50,
Lieut. R. Low, R.N. Government emi-
gration agent at Liverpool for the last
seven years.
Lately. At Feamhead, near Warring-
ton, Mr. James Cropper, a distinguished
member of the Society of Friends, and
the principal partner in the firm of Crop-
per, Benson, and Co. merchants, of
Liverpool.
Lkickster. — March 17. At her bro-
ther's, the Rev. James Beresford, Rector
of Kibworth, Mrs. Parsons, wife of
Samuel Parsons, esq. of North-crescent,
Bed ford- sq.
Feb. 19. At Belminsthorpe, near
Stamford, aged 73, Nathan Croke We-
theiell, esq. B.C.L. senior Fellow of
University college, son of the Rev. Na-
than Wetherell, D.D. Master of that
Society from 1764 to 1808, and brother
to Sir Charles Wetherell. The deceased
had been for 45 years in lodgings in the
village of Belminsthorpe, under the me-
dical care of Dr. Willis. He took his
degree of xM.A. Oct. 11, 1790, and
B.C.L. Dec. 7, 1795.
MiDDLKSKX. — Feb. 1(3. At Ashford,
aged 70, G. S. Segel, esq.
Feb. 20, At Cranford, affedGI, William
Cane, esq. formerlvof Pall Mall.
March 1. At the Lodge, Hillingdon,
John Cbippindale, esq. aged 77.
Norfolk.— AfarcA 7. At Great Var-
moutb, Harriott, daughter of the late
Robert Hrettingham, esq. of Norwich,
and aunt to the lady of Sir Robert
Smirke.
Match '2. At his father's, Swettisbam,
aged '^1, Mr. John Lyas Bishop, late
student uf King's college, London.
NoaTiiA-MiTO.v. — Dec. 31. At Petcr-
Inirough, aged S'^f Mrs. Catharine Wes.
ton.
March 17. At Kettering, aged 90,
William Roughton, sen. esq.
NoRTHL'MBKiii.ANi). — Lately. At New-
castle-upon-Tyne, aged 71, Sir Robert
Shaft o 1 lawks. He received the honour
of knighthood the 21st April, 1817.
Feb. 29. At Bcdlington, aged 110,
Mrs. Mary Lorimcr. She }>erfectly re-
membered the rebellion of 1746, at which
time she was in service at Morpeth.
Notts. — Feb. 18. At Wigtborpe, near
Worksop, aged 90, the relict of the Rev.
Richard Alorton, Vicar of East Retford.
Oxford.— f>A. 29. At Cornwall
House, near Chipping Norton, Harriot,
third daughter of toe Ute Francis Penys-
ton, esq.
Henrietta, wife of the Rev. T. E.
Colston, Vicar of BroadweU.
At Oxford, at the house of her son-in-
law James Young, esq. aged 52, Mrs.
Servante.
March 1 . Aged 84, Sarah, the wife of
Robert Speakman, esq. of Oxford.
March 15. Aged 27, Louisa, wife of
the Rev. James Guillemard, Vicar of
Kirtlingtou.
Salop.— #^3. 13. At Preston Mont-
ford, near Shrewsbury, Emily Lissey,
wife of Sir F. B. HiU, K.T.S. youngest
daughter of the late T. J. Powys, esq.
of Berwick-house.
Somerset.— Fci. 4. At Glastonbury,
Mr. Bulleid, draper, of that place ; he
threw himself from the tower of the
church, a height 120 feet, and was killed
upon the spot. Pecuniary difficulties had
long preyed upon his mind.
Feb. 21. At the residence of his
uncle, Bath, Ellis Puget Kitson, M.A.,
of Balliol college, Oxford, only son ot
Lieut.- Col. Kitson, 26th Madras N. Inf.
He entered as Commoner of Balliol in
1831 ; at his examination in Michaelmas
Term, 1834, he wta placed in the third
class in Literis Humauiorihttt and also m
DuciplinU MathematietM ei Phyneis. He
took the degree of B.A. 1835, M.A^
1838.
Feb. 27. At his Other's residence,
Perry mead, Thomas Cruttwell, esq. of
Doctors* Commons, eldest surviving ion
of R. S. Cruttwell, esq. Mayor of Bath.
In his 66th year, William Kent, esq. of
Bathwick Hill.
Feb. 29. At Bath, aged 69, Alicia
Harriot, relict of the Rev. H. F. MUla,
Chancellor of York Minster, and third
daughter of the late Dr. Markham, Arch-
bishop of York.
March 3. At Stone Easton, aged 71,
Samuel Harris, esu.
March 7. At Mendip Lodge, aged 39,
Mary- Agnes, wife of LieuL- Colonel W.
Fawcett; also, on the 9th, Mary- Albioia,
her infant daughter.
March 16. At Bath, aged 65, Mary-
Anne, relict of Thomas Boultbee, esq.
SvrtoLK.— Feb. 13. Aged 7l, John
Hoy, esq. of Stoke-by-Nayland.
Slrrev.— Dec. 29. At Reigate, in
his 80th year, Wm. Turner, esq. formerly
of Demerara.
March 4. At Barnes, in her 18th year,
the Lady Alicia Hope, daughter of John,
fourth Earl of Hopetown.
March 6. At Richmond, Lady Annt
Bingham, aunt to the present Earl of
Lucan, and sister to toe late Lavinia
CountcKS Spencer.
March 11. At Egham, aged 74, Ann
Thom^sine Havnes, wife of Robert
Uaynes, esq. of Barbadocs.
^
446
OfllTtJARY.
[April,
March 1 4. Aged 68, Felix Ladbroke,
esq. of Hedley.
March 15. Anna- Maria, wife of Cbas.
Barclay, esq. Bury Hill, near Dorking.
Sussex.— Fc*. 22. Aged 74, Charles
Harrison, esq. of Folkington, justice of
the peace for the county.
Feb, 25. At Shoreham, aged 39, Mr.
Frank Bridger, brother to H. C. Bridger,
esq. of Buckingham-place.
Feb. 26. At Park-place, Worthing,
Mrs. Cartwright, relict of the Rev. Ed-
ward Cartwright, of Leominster, F.S.A.
the author of the History of the Rape of
Bramber. She was his second wife,
daughter of the Rev. Edward Tredcroft,
married in 1808, and left a widow with
three sons, in 1833 (see Gent. Mag. vol.
cm. i. 375, 652.)
Feb. 28. At Woodmancote-place, aged
80, John Dennett, esq.
Feb. 29. At Hastings, Elizabeth Ann
Watson, only child of the Rev. J. Lister,
of Stanley, near Wakefield, Yorkshire.
Lately. At Worthing, aged 85, Mrs.
D. Venner, eldest dau. of K. Venner,
esq. formerly of Bosenden, Kent.
March 5, Aged 59, John Seaward,
esq. His remains were interred on the
11th, at Wisborougb-green.
March 6. At Brighton, aged 74, Na-
thaniel Snell, esq. of Gloucester- place.
March 7. At Petworth, aged 80,
Charlotte, relict of Richard Bragg Blag-
den, esq.
March 13. At Brighton, in his 78th
year, George Bridges, esq. formerly Al-
derman of Lime Street Ward, to which
he was elected in 1811. He was Sheriff
of London and Middlesex in 1816, Lord
Mayor in 1819, and one of the Members
for the city in the Pai'liament of 1825-26.
He resigned his gown in 1826.
Warwick. — March 2. At Leamington
Spa, aged 55t William Tenison, of co.
Monaghan, esq.
March 5. At Stratford-upon-Avon,
aged 18, John Bowyer W^ynn, eldest son
of John Branston Freer, esq.
March 10. At Edgbaston, in his 25th
year, Thomas CJotterell Scholefield, son
of Joshua Scholefield, esq. M.P. for
Birmingham.
At Birmingham, Mr. Charles Pember-
ton, lecturer on elocution. He was for-
merly an actor at Covent Garden, where
he represented Hamlet, Virginius, and
several other characters. In the year 1 832,
33, and 34, hecontributed a series of papers
to the Monthly Repository, entitled Au-
tobiography of Pal Verjuice, which was
believed to shadow forth some of the vi-
cissitudes of his own early life. In 1833
he delivered a series of lectures at the
London Institution, on the rules and na-
ture of Oratory, and be was tbougfat to
shine much more as a critic than as an
actor. He was also the author of some
unpublished dramas and lyrical tales, with
which his lectures were occasionally en-
livened.
March 12. At Kenilworth, Mrs. Re-
becca Bird, sister of the late W. W. Bird,
esq. formerly M.P. for Coventry.
Westmorland. — Feb. 16. At Big-
gins, near Kirkby Lonsdale, aged 71,
Ed>\'ard Rawlinson, esq. for 53 yean
agent to the Earl of Lonsdale.
Lately. At Appleby, aged 80, Mar-
garet, relict of J. Hill, esq. Deputy
Lieut, of Westmorland.
March 13. At Temple Sowerby, aged
78, Jane, relict of John Jackson, esq.
Wilts. — March 14. At Salisbury,
H. W. Markbam, esq.
York.— Fei. 10. At Little Wood-
house, near Leeds, Francis Thooaas
Billam, esq. formerly of the 62d foot.
Feb. 16. At Hampball Stubs, aged 54,
George Broadrick, esq. of that place« and
of Ottrington Hall, one of her Majesty's
Jusricesofthe Peace for the West Riding
of Yorkshire, and also for the counties of
Nottingham and Lincoln. He was for-
merly a Fellow of Jesus college, Cam-
bridge, where he graduated B. A. 1805 as
5th Junior Optime, M.A. 1808; and
he was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn,
on the 23rd June 1817.
Feb. 28. At Bridlington, aged 78^
Bryan Taylor, esq.
Feb. 29. EUza, the wife of R. J.
Thompson, esq. of Kirby Hall.
March 1 . At Reednes8,aged 78^ John
Egremont, esq. for many years an active
magistrate for the West Riding. He was,
in his early days, a great admirer of
Charles Fox, and he retained to the last
an unceasing desire for the support and
spread of liberal principles. In proof of
this may be mentioned his ardent support
of Earl Fitzwilliam, when Lord Milton,
in the memorable contest against the
house of Harewood, and on several occa-
sions afterwards, his active exerrions for
Lord Morpeth, and more especially for
Daniel Gaskell, esq. the first member for
Wakefield.
March 2. Mrs. Hannah Dodgson, of
Herodwell, near Halifax, aged 105 years
and seven months; this venerable lady
has left eight children, 63 grandchildren,
and 16*1 great-grandchildren.
March 2. At W^hitby, aged 78, Wil-
liam Chapman, esq. brother of Aaron
Chapman, esq. M.P. for Whitby.
March 4. At York, at an advanced
age, Charies Liddell, esq. formerly pro-
prietor of the lead works. He served
the office of Sheritf for that city in ]822,
1840.]
Obituary.
447
Wai ES.— /Vi. 22. Aged 70, Richard
Jebb, esq. of Rhiwlas, Denbigh, nearly
•U) years agent of the late Viscount Dun-
gannon.
Lately. At Llanferry, Carmarthen,
Anne, wife of E. Bevan, M.D.
At Brecon, Walter Churchey, esq.
Scotland. — Feb. 4. At Ingleston,
Strathmore, Andrew Dalgairns, esq.
Feb. 2.3. At Sanquhar, Robert Barker,
esq. late Captain of the 20th Foot, and
of the Rifle Brigade.
At Edinburgh, in his 80th year, James
(Jentle, esq. S.S.C.
At Auchterarder, J. Smeaton, esq. of
Colli, in his 95th year.
March 2. At Eaglescorne, aged 6,
William FVancis, youngest son of Lieut. -
Gen. the Hon. P. Stuart.
Irfland. — Feb, 17. At Lismore
Castle, William Samuel Currey, esq. for.
merly Lieut.- Col. of the 54th regt.
At Ennis, Miss Macnamara, sister of
the late Colonel Francis Macnamara, of
Moyreisk, Clare.
Abroad. — July 28. On board the
Anna Robertson, proceeding on her voy-
age from London to South Australia,
Mrs. Elizabeth Morton, wife of E.
Morton, esq., sixth daughter of General
Walker, Lime- Park, Devonshire.
Oct. 11. Drowned in an attempt to
reach the shore from the wreck of the
Sunda. off the N. Coast of Hainan, in the
China Seas, aged 55, James Ilbery,
esq, of Clement's Lane, and Doughty-st.
Also, in the same wreck, James Macpher.
son, esq. with his wife, and infant.
Christened.
Males 676
Females 664
BILL OF MORTALITY, from Feb. 18 to March 24, 1840.
1340
Buried. ^ 2 and 5 ill
Males 606 Kgj. = t 5 and 10 59
Females 638 T^** S 7 JO and 20 45
I J 20 and 30 87
Whereof have died under two years old.. .279 cp f 30 and 40 128
^40 and 50 127
I
50 and 60 119
60 and 70 144
70 and 80 99
80 and 90 41
90 and 100
5
AVERAGE PRICE OF CORN, by which the Duty is regulated, March 27.
Wheat.
i. d.
67 0
Barley.
t. d.
38 9
Oats.
M. d.
25 0
Rye.
/. d.
37 3
Beans.
s. d.
40 3
Peas.
«• d,
40 2
PRICE OF HOPS, March 27.
Sussex Pockets, 21. Of. to 31. St.— Kent Pockets, 21. 2#. to 6/. Off.
PRICE OF HAY AND STRAW AT SMITHFIELD, March 27.
Hay, 31. 15*. to 4/. 17/. 6d Straw, 1/. 18#. to 21. 4*.— Clover, 4/. 10*. to 5/. 17*. 6rf.
SMITHFIELD, March 27. To sink the Offal—per stone of 81b8.
Head of Cattle at Market, March 27.
Beasts.... 421 Calves 130
Sheep 2910 Pigs 356
Beef
3i.
6d. to 4«.
lOd.
Mutton
U.
Id. to 5/.
2d.
Veal
5f.
Od. to 6i.
Od.
Pork
4*.
6d. to 5i.
4^.
COAL MARKET, March 27.
Walls Ends, from 16*. Od. to 24*. 6d. per ton. Other sorts from 17*. Od. to 24f. 6d,
TALLOW, per cwt.— Town Tallow, 56*. 6rf. Yellow Russia, 53*.
CANDLES, 8*. Od. per doz. Moulds, 9/. 6d.
PRICES OF SHARES.
At the Office of WOLFE, Brothers, Stock and Share Brokers,
23, Change Alley, Comhill.
Birmingham Canal, 217. EUcsmere and Chester, 82. Grand Junction
165. Kennet and Avon, 26J. i^eds and Liverpool, 760. Regent's, 12.
Rochdale, 105. London Dock Stock, 66i. St. Katharine's, 101. East
and West India, 105. Liverpool and Manchester Railwav, 183. Grand Junc-
tion Water Works, 66^. West Middlesex, 96. Globe Insurance, 128.
(ruardian, 37|. Hope, 5|. Chartered Gas, 56. Imperial Gas, 53^.
Phoenix Gas, dO^. Independent Gas. 50. General United Gas, 35. Canada
Land Company, 33.— -Reversionary Interest, 134.
METEOROLOGICAL DIART, bt W. CARY, SrHAirb.
Awa FUnarp S6 ta ManH^, 1840, fort Inehuhn.
Wither.
3^1
Mar
doad;
12
Mr
13
D[oudr,aTiDtr
14
bir
15
do.
IS m
do.
17
do.
18
do. cloudy
19
do.
80
do.
81
do.
82
do.
23
do.
81
do.
25
mn. cloady
DAILY PRICE OF STOCKS,
Pran ntmary 87 lo Mere* 86, 1S40, iolh inehuivt.
'. X, KICHOLE AMD lOff FKINIB&B, 25, fAUIAliXm-KnEET,
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE.
MAY, 1840.
By SYLVANUS URBAN, Gent.
CONTENTS. ,j,„
Minor Correspondence. — Partition of the Mowbray Inheritance between
Howard and Berkeley. — Monumenta Anglicana. — Agas's Map of Dun-
wich, &c. &c 450
Visits TO Remarkable Places, &c. By W. Howitt 4M
Diary of a Lover of Literature. By Thomas Green, Esq. of Ipswich 458
Church of St. Bartholomew and St. Benet Fink, London fiw'M a View) 461
Narrative of the Sufferings of Mrs. Foster, a Recusant, at York 465
Review of Publications respecting Junius, and the authenticity of *' Junius*s
Miscellaneous Letters" 467
Carved Ceiling at Black Boy Inn, Chelmsford (trt'M CutM) 469
The Council of Trent, and Struggles of Ciril and Ecclesiastical Authority.. .. 471
The Emperor Ferdinand I. and Cassander.— Bossuet's Exposition 47S
The Arrangements of the State Paper Office •.....• 473
Mr. Burgon on the Orthography of Shakspeare 474
Elucidation of a Passage in Plato's Banquet 480
Some Particulars respecting Official Maces • 481
Maces in Courts of Law ; and as a military weapon 485
Defence of the Character of Dr. Jortin • ib.
Vindication of the Rev. S. Bishop, Master of Merchant-Taylor*s School 487
Mutilation of Exchequer Records, with specimens, six. —
Expenses of Prisoners in the Tower, 1568 490
Charges of Serjeant Puckering, in the Queen's serrice, 1586 491
Pay of the Queen's Ships in the Narrow Seas, 1595 492
Messages performed for Charles Prince of Wales, 1620 493
Persons touched for the King's Eril, 1667 ih.
Petition of Edward Cocker to the Lord Treasurer H,
C ertiAcate of Earl of Rochester's death, 1680 494
Receipt of Sir Richard Steele for a Free Gift, 1714 ib.
Sale of Exchequer Records, at Sotheby's auction rooms 495
Poetry. — Lines to Eton, by the Marqnets Wellesley • • • 496
REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATION&
The New General Biographical Dictionary, 497 ; Dt, Wilson's Notices of the
Fabric and Glebe of St Mary, Aldermary, 503 ; Jones's Cathedral Bell, a
Tragedy, 504 ; Bulwer's Sea Captain, ib, ; Hunter's Ecclesiastical Docu-
ments, 505 ; Kemp's Nine Dales' Wonder, 507 ; Bloomfteld's Lexicon
of the New Testament, 510; Encharistica 511
FINE ARTS.— Exhibition of Uie British Institution ik.
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.— New Publications,
51*2 ; Learned Societies, 513 ; The Martyrs' Memorial at Oxford 514
ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.— Society of Antiquaries, 518 ; Bronte
Statue at the British Museum, ib,\ Sculptures of the Parthenon, 519;
Roman Coins at Pevensey, Old House at Shoreditch, 590 ; Roman Hypo-
caust at Huddersfteld, 531 ; French Antiquarian Intelligence 583
HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.
Parliamentary Proceedings, 536 ; Foreign News, 530. — Domestic Occurrencei 533
Promotions and Preferments, 534. — Births, 535. — Marriages 535
OniTrARY; with .Memoirs of the Duke of Marlborough; Earl ofEnnls-
killen ; Earl of Morley ; Rt. Hon. Sir George Hewitt, Bart. ; Adm. Sir
Harry B. Neale, Bart. ; Gen. Sir Josiah Champagne ; Rear-Adm. Tatham ;
Rear. Adm. RoUes; J. T. P. B. Treranion, Esa. ; C. B. WoUaston, Em). ;
Rev. Dr. Goodall ; Sir Jeffry WyatriUe ; T. Darnell, Esq. ; M. Prerost ...537—551
I)f. ATHS arranged in Counties 551
Bill of Mortality-MarkeU— Prices of Shares, 557— Meteorological Diary-Stocks 559
Embellished with a View of the Chuechbe of St. Baetbolom bw and St. Bbnb't
Fink, Lohpom ; md lUpretmHtions of the Boegw of t cdUng at ftg BtACK Bot«
CaiUfttFOED.
460
MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.
Partition of the Mowbray Inheritanee
between Howard and Berkeley. — Collins
says, that in 15 Hen. VII. Thos. Howard,
Duke of Norfolk, made partition with
Maurice, surviving brother of William
Marquess of Berkeley, of the lands that
came to them by inheritance, by right of
their descent, from the coheirs of Mow-
bray, Duke of Norfolk, and refers for his
authority as follows : —
Covnmuu. de t. Patch. \5Hen, 7. Roi, 1.
which is evidently taken fh>m Dugdale,
who has nearly the same words, and gives
the same reference for his authority in
the margin of his work. On ej^amination
of the Roll referred to amongst the
Common Pleas enrolments, the docu-
ment is not to be found. A search at
the Chapter House and in the Exchequer
has not been successful. As the Parti-
tion was a proceeding of some import-
ance at the time, and may contitin some
accurate facts respecting the co-heirs of
Mowbray, any of our readers who may
have met with it, or can afford a clue to
the roll referred to by Dugdale, will
oblige the inquirer by communicating anpr
information upon the subject, F. E,
Monumenta Anglicana* — A Corres-
pondent suggests that few undertakings
would be more desirable, in conne&ion
vrith topographical inquiries* than to or-
ganise some arrangement by which the
numberless Monumental Inscriptions, oa-
nually perishing in our churchet from
dampf neglectt and wilful mutilation^ may
be preserved to our posterity in print, or, at
least, in manuscript. In counties which
have already found historians, and which
nre well known, this step is not requisite :
but in those, not so fortunately situated,
the sooner the ravages of time are thwart-
ad the better. If the Society of Antiqua-
ries, the legitimate mainspring of such a
movement, cannot or will not come
forward and employ its purse to do this
work, let a Society be formed pro tern*
porey and let that Society, when it has
collected the materials, either print them
or hand them over in MS. to the Bri-
tish Museum, if possible, with an index.
For the sake of expedition I would even
be content, at iirst» to have the few names
and dates on the monuments, and the
armorial bearings, than to wa\t for an
elaborate inquiry into all the architectural
details of the building.
L. is informed that the Rev. G. H.
Glasse was the author of the Latin trans-
lation of « Miss Bailey.** It is printed
in Gent. Mag. vol. Ixxv. 750.
Agas's map of Dunwich (see Oct. p.
349) was engraved in Grardner's History
of that town, 4to. 1754. A copy drawn
by Isaac Johnson of Woodbridge is also
now before me, taken <* From a MS.
copy, formerly in the oossetston of Mr.
Gardner, Author of tne History of that
town." It is surrounded by inscriptions ;
at one side is the account of the town,
in English, which Gardner has printed at
p. 80 of his History. On the other u^
and in three other vacant spots are varie
ous extracts from Latin records, entitled
** Qusidam annotationes sumpta ex an-
tiq. monumentis evident, vil. de Dunwic
specif, quasd^libertates consuet. et privil.
ejosd. villa.** Some of these Gardiner has
printed at pp. 13, 14, of his work, and of
the others he has no doubt elsewhere
made use. J. G. N.
The Christian Remembrancer for
August, 1832, p. 497, states, » Another
Church Bell of GIom has been cast in
Sweden ; its diameter is six feet, and its
tone is said to be beyond comparison
finer than that of any metal belL** A.C.
inquires whether any of our correspon-
dents can give a more detailed account of
this description of Bell ?
E. G. B. says, in looking recently into
the Harl. MSS.No.7017,art.5l, hefound
a document bearing the following title in
the Catalogue, << Description of a Picture
representing a Mausoleum or sepulchral
Monument of King Henry Damly,
husband of Mary Q. of Scotland, and
father of K. James VI. of that Kingdom,
first of Great Britain, b^ Mr. James An-
derson. This picture is now in tlie pos-
session of the iTari of Pomfret, 81 pages,
fairly written.** This picture is. alluded
to bv Bridges in his Historv of Northamp-
tonshire, as being at Elaston Neston,
from whence Mr. Baker, in his more
recent work, states it to have disappeared.
As it seems to have been a very singular
specimen of the allegorical style of art of
the 16th century, and possesses several
points of historical interest, our corrta-
pondent is anxious to ascertain, if pos-
sible, in whose possession it at praent
remains, or whether it passed to Oxford
with the ancient marbles from the man.
sion, through Louisa, widow of Thomas
1st Earl of Pomfret, as mentioned by
Baker. '
THE
GENTL.EMAN'S MAGAZINE.
VISITS TO REMARKABLE PLACES, Sec.
By W. HowiTT. 8vo.
THIS volume is pleasantly vnitten and elegantly illastrated. It is true
that Mr. Howitt's knowledge does not appear to as to equal his enthusi-
asm, and he is somewhat too romantiG and florid for our taste ; his extracts
also from historical records and biographical accounts are too long, seeing
that they are arc not drawn from any curious or remote inquiries, but are
familiar to roost readers -, but his work^ notwithstanding these alleged
defects, wc have no doubt, will be favourably received by the great patron
of authors — the public. We shall make a rew remarks in our matter-of-
fact manner ; acting like a humble but useful drag-chain, to prevent the
wheels of an author*s genius catching fire from the rapidity of his course ; as
Mr. Howitt's is in danger of doing when he gets on the banks of the Avon.
1. From his account ofPenshurst (where our days of boyhood were
s|>ent, and where we saw our schoolfellow, the la$t Philip Sidney, drowned
in his own lake) and the pictures, we presume, that Mr. Howitt's readers
would consider them to be the genuine works of the great masters men-
tioned ; as he enumerates the illustrious names of Rubens, Vandyck, Mo*
rillo, Caracci, &c. whereas the greater part of them are very indifferent
copies. We do not at present recollect a truly fine picture in the house.
There is a noble collection of genuine pictures in the same parish, but Mr.
Howitt caught at the shadows at Penshurst, and lost the tubstance at Red-
leaf.
2. ^fr. Howitt's enthusiasm glows intensely at the mention of Ann
Hathaway, better known by that name than by the more honourable one
of Shakspeare's wife. He calls her " the first honourable object of the
poet's afiections," and he speaks of his domestic peace with his " true
Ann Hathaway," and of his " strong and changeless affection to his Ann
Hathaway ;" and another author in the same spirit says, '* To him every-
thing was Ann Hathaway, but especially all wisdom, goodness, beautv* and
delight took from her their existence, and gave to her their qualities."
There is a good deal of what Warburton was used to call *' artificial non-
sense" about the writers of the present day, which is seen in remarkable
luxuriance of bloom among the Magazines and Annual gentlemen and
ladies,
" Where pare description holds the place of teiMt /'*
and the above passage, taken from " The Youth of Shakspere,** seems to
us to be a genuine portion of it. We had rather trust one vcllam-cotoared
anti(|uary as regards Shakspeare*s historv, than a thousand sentimental
journalists ; and accordingly, while Mr. Howitt is indulging in a delicious
daydream on the dappled slopes of Ann Hathaway 's orchard, and quoting
452 Howitt*8 yhits io Uemarhahle Places. t^»y»
sonnets as applied to her^ which were all written to a different person
with very different motives than doing her honour^ and not one of which
contains the slightest allusion to her, — enters a very grave and learned per-
sonage called " Sir Industry," * bearing on one arm a shield^ on which are
inscribed in large letters, Labor et Veritas, in the other hand holding a
wand, which he waves over the scene, and which has the power of sepa-
rating truth from " Illusive Falshood ;" and lo ! a sudden and strange me-
tamorphosis is seen. Instead of Ann Hathaway sitting like a bride in her
bower, the picture of innocence and beauty, and the youthful Shakspeare
lying like Hamlet all diffused at her ivory feet, warbling delicate and per-
fumed poetry to her ear, what do we now behold ? a coarse country girl^
or rather a woman of twenty-seven years of age, is seen trudging along
the high road from Stratford to Worcester, showing by her appearance
That her shape, ere while so graceful seen
(Dian first rising after change was not
More delicate), betray*d her secret acts.
And grew to guilty fullness.f
At some distance behind a young lad with a sheepish countenance, not
more than nineteen years old, is seen slowly and unwillingly accompanying
two parish constables (Wart and Bullcalf) who have got a magistrate's
warrant against him, and who are not going to leave him till the matri*
monial knot is tied, which is to release the parish from an enfant trouve,
and give to Miss Ann Hathaway the legal title of Mistress William
Shakspeare. ** I think it has not been observed,'* says Mr. Hunter, speak-
ing of the bond given to the bishop on Shakspearc*s licence to contract
matrimony, "that the marks of the two husbandmen, Saudell and Richard-
son, are singularly coarse, — coarser I think, than the marks of marksmen
of that period usually are ; as if they belonged to the very rudest part of
the population ; and I can scarcely forbear coming to the conclusion th€U
Shakespeare, then a youth of eighteen, was rudely dragged by them to the
altar.*' I So much, to use Spenser's language, for the " doleful ladle,'* and
the " two greasie villains. "§ And now what says Mr. J. P. Collier, 6 dpa/iari-
KtJTUTos. *' It appears to me little short of absurd to suppose that Shake-
speare was more immaculate than his contemporaries, living, as he generally
did, apart from his wife, who was eight years older than himself, and who
had bum him a daughter\\, as is shown by recently discovered evidence,
six months after his marriage.^ He then went away to London a penniless
fugitive," says the same writer. ** But where did Mr. Howitt learn that
he spent the last sij:teen years of his life at Stratford? Mr. Campbell,
the last biographer of the poet, observes, '' The exact period when Shak-
speare quitted the metropolis and settled in his native place has not been
ascertained 5 but, as it was certainly some years before his death, it cannot
* See Thomson*8 Castle of Indolence, book ii.
t See Crowe's Lewesdon Hill.
X See Gentleman's Magazine, Feb. 1840, p. 168.
§ See Faery Queene, lib. iiii. c. 12.
II It must be observed that Shakspeare's wife never brought him any children after
1584 ; that is, after he had been married only two years. We think the leu that it
said on this subject the better. •• I f there be (as Master Slender says) no great love ill
the beginning, Heaven may decrease it upon better acquaintance.*'
% See Letter to the Rev. Joseph Hunter, p. 8.
« * Sec Letter to Mr. Aroyot, p. 31 ; Ibid. p. 36,
1840] Howitt's Visits to Remarkable Places. 45S
be well put later than 1611 or 1612." He died on the 23rd April, 1616,
'' being (as the same biographer observes) defrauded of between a third
and a half of the most valuable portion of existence.'* As for Ann
Hathaway being, as Mr. Howitt says, his " all- the- world in his latter
days/* we are constrained to say that she was not even mentioned in his
toili ; that the enraptured husband left her only his second-best bed; and
that Mr. G. Steevens informs us, *' It appears in the original will of Sbak-
speare that he had forgot his wife, the legacy to her of the bed being
expressed by an interhneation.** Mr. Hallam also informs us (for wc
give no statement but on the highest authority) that '* the person whom
Shakspeare chose for his patron and intimate friend was of a moral cha-
racter that was low, of which there are continual proofs.** •
3. Mr. Howitt*s account of the palace of Hampton Court reaches
tlirough more than fifty pages, and yet he has omitted much that is worthy
of notice : much space being occupied by an account of the persons whose
hibtor)' is connected with the building, and which might be as well read in
(dllns's Peerage or Chalmers's Dictionary. We shall accompany him in
one or two of his observations. P. 134, speaking of the opening of
i:Iampton Court palace to the public, which was by a kind and voluntary
act of the sovereign, Mr. Howitt remarks, " It is now fitting the people
should have their own again : of all the palaces, tlie towers, the abbeys,
and the cathedrals, which have been raised by the wealth, and ostensibly
for the benefit, of the public f!), none till lately have been freely open to the
fo<)t8tcj)s of the multitude," &c. With regard to " towers," we know of
none but the Tower of London, and that has always opened wide its bos*
pital)lo gates imparti<illy either to Mr. Howitt or Sir Francis Burdett. We
never heard that cathedrals and abbeys were built with the public money:
we thought that they were founded by pious liberality, and endowed by
the same spirit, with estates to support them. Mr. Howitt, it appears,
lives at Esher, — what docs he pay to the support of Westminster abbey?
We grant that some people want to make them public property, not for the
sakt; of more freely participating in their ser^'iccs, but of getting possession
oftlieir revenues. The Reform Bill has done one thing: — it has dragged
out to light all the mean, base, sordid desires of the selfish; as well as
given encouragement to the busy, meddling, swaggering, vulgar insolence
of the low-boni bully ; the former of whom grudges the sovereign what
the inenncbt indivi<lual has, an undisturbed home ; and the latter is not
eontcnt unless he can, at will, imprint his hoofs upon its polished floors,
Mr. Ilowitt, indeed, is far above all such feelings, —
"He bears no token of these sable streams ;"
But he does not seem to recollect that this palace, and the others, were
built or bought by the monarchs of the country at the time they {KMsessed
their own indei>endent property — magnificent estates. We cannot see
how by any reasoning they can be called public pro|)crty ; for if Buck-
ingham palace is built, or Windsor castle repaired, by public grants, these
grants are nothing but a very sorry equivalent fur the much larger
pro|KTty which the Crown has given up to the people. Again : ** This
palace has been made the daily resort of any and of all tlie English people
w ho choose to tread the imvements, to disport themselves in the gardens,
and ga/e on the works of art which for ages used only to be accessible to
* See HalUm'f InCrod. to Litsrttare, voL iiit p. 502.
4^4* Howitt*8 Viiiti to RetMirkaHe Phtei. O^^y,
the royal, the aristocratic^ and the eceleaiastical dignitaiy and UuHr re«
tainers." On this statement we are content to say that we give it a dhwef
denial. The gardens have^ ever since we can remember from boybo^d,
been open gratuitously to the public ; and the state apartments on the
payment of a trifling fee : we say trifling, for if a party went^ the sam of
sixpence each would be sufficient to form the expected remaneratloB of
the housekeeper ; therefore, we assert, that they were abtaye aceesHble to
the public. What Mr. Howitt means by specifying '* ecclesias^oal digni>
taries '* as those to whom it was peculiarly accessible, we cannot imagine ;
there is no dignity of the sort attached to the palace : does he mean Umt
no one but a prince, a noble^ or a bishop, could enter the palace > if be
does not mean this, his words are absolutely wanting in meaning. Coold
not a rich quaker-banker^ or a city-merchant, or a wholesale carcase-
butcher, or an opulent dry-salter, just as freely examine the wmrks of ari
as my Lord of Durham or of Chester ? But we hope to live to hear even
Mr. Howitt say—
" E'en in a Bishop I can spy desert."
Mr. Howitt proceeds : " The people can now say, with an air qf jmt
authority, we demand to be admitted to the we and fruition of that for
which we have given a noble equivalent,*' &c.
We will put aside what appears to us somewhat coarse in the expres*
sion of the claim made, as if it came from the mouth of Jack Cade and hia
men — '* it was never a merry world in England, since gentlemen came
up $*' and observe, that when Mr. Howitt speaks of a " noble equivalent,**
he forgets, or seems to forget, that the Crown always made very bad bargaim
with the people, and much to its own diiadvantage -* and in his next edition,
we beseech him, as he is a lover of truth, to alter this part of the sen-
tence ; and as he is a lover of meekness and gentleness, which qualities
have been pronounced '' blessed,*' to express the other parts in words
more fit for those who, " loving the brotherhood, and honouring the King,
and not speaking evil of dignities,'* thereby show their obedience and at-
tachment to the commands of Christ, ^' who, when he was reviled,
reviled not again -, when he suffered, he threatened not;" and who instead
of wishing to force his way into Herod's Palace, or claiming the entrance
of Pilate's princely halls, lived as he could, in mean and borrowed lodgings,
having of his own not even a garret where he could lay his head. " I
have,** says Warburton, *' a Master above and a master below,— I mean
God and the King, to them my services are bound.**
Mr. Howitt proceeds : — '* How have these swarms of Londoners of all
classes behaved ?" We will answer this question, by saying " Much in
the same way that they behave at Smithfield or Sheemess, bona terra,
mala gens.^f " With the exception (says Mr. Howitt) of some scratches
made on the pannels of the great staircase, for the discovery of the per-
petrators of which an ominous placard is posted on the door-post in ques-
tion, offering five pounds reward, but of xvhich slight injury no one can tell
* Let us hear what a great statesman and patriot, and friend of the people, as well
as servant of the Crown — Lord Chatham — says on this head. '* Since the discovery
of America, and other circumstances permitting, the Commons are become the pro-
prietors of land; the Crown hag divefted itn\f qf iti great eetmtett the Chwch
(God bless it !) has but a pittance. In ancient days, the Crown, the barons, and the
clergy, possessed the lands."
t See Shakspeare'B tUrd part of Henry tkt Sixth.
1 840.] Howitt*5 Visiis to Remarkable PlaceM. 4U
the date, the police^ who arc always on the spot, never having witnessed
the doing of it since they were stationed there, I cannot learn that the
slightest exhibition of what has been considered the £nglish law of demo-
lition has been made/' &c. Now we will first speak as to the particular ia<»
jury alluded to. 1st, If the policeman had mtnessed the commission of the
injury, we should think there was no necessity for the placard ; 2ndly, The
injury was committed in the end of June or beginning of JiUy 1838, and
late in the day, a little before the palace was closed. We were there at the
time, and were present when Mr. Grundy came to inform us of the injury*
and when the poUceman, whose business it is to take the sticks, pointed it
out, and when in consequence the reward was offered for the detection of
the offender. As to Mr. Hewitt's general assertion that not the iliahteU
exhii'Uion of the latv of demolition has been made, we beg to assert tnat it
Lf perpetually going on, Wc have repeatedly seen offenders brought to
the house where we were staying, and fined for the damage which in
wanton acts of mischief they bad committed. The flowers are both ggy
thercd and stolen, and we appeal to Mr. Johnson the head gardener, whe«
thcr Sunday is any longer a day of rest to him or to his workmen -, who
have to be perpetually on the watch against depredators. This is outside
the walls ; iuside, instances of conduct have occurred that we should not ex-
pect to have heard of, and which we could not name with propriety bat
i)y borrowing the foreign word of " immondezza,** and to prevent repetitions
of which, which would have driven all the respectable persons away* was the
cause of the police being appointed. As for the company who, in the
summer mouths, honour the place with their presence in carts and vans.
Froth the tapster, and Killcalf the butcher, and Smith the weaver, and
your handicrafts men in leathern aprons, their behaviour must be somewhat
mended since we saw them last, or they have not ceased to be the most
intolerable nuisance that any town was infested with, and which has made
1 lampton Court a place where ladies cannot walk out unprotected,
** For here come the idle 'prentices all,
Who live in London lo proper and tall,'*
with all other " honest men who go in hose and doublets.**
P. 239. Mr. Howitt says, that Wolsey exceeded Ximcnes, RicbelieQ,
Mazarine, and Dc Retz in wealth. &c. It did not require much to sur-
pass I)e Retz j but did he exceed Mazarine ? we have doubts on the sub-
ject. Mazarine died worth near eight millions sterling, probably the
largest property possessed by an individual in modern times.*
P. 2 10. It is stated that Wolsey obtained from Henry the Eighth an order
for the suppression of the worst monasteries. No such word as " worst"
is mentioned in the order : he should have said the least.
P. 241 . Mr. Howitt says, Wolsey received the rich rectory of Turning-
ton, in the diocese of Exeter. We beg to remark, that there is no sncb
place. Probably he meant Fremington.
I*. 242. We ask, did the po|)c, as Mr. Howitt savs, "confer on Wolsey the
truth of all the revenues of the clergy ?'* Where is this seen ?
P. 244. *• Wolsey *8 structures arc every where remarkable for their
superiority to the general style of the age.** It may be so ; but we never
* We conAne our obienrationt to Suropf : what treat um hare been accumnUted in
Affia wc cannot aflcertain. After the lack of Delhi, Nadir Shah's spoils were calcu-
lated at 70,000,000 ! !
45 G Howitt*s Visits to Remarkable Places. [May,
heard this from our friends the antiqaaries and architects. What does
Mr. Rickman say ?
P. 245. "He built one third of <A^ bridge over the lYne." Quare,
what bridge >
P. 257. ^' Great as he was in prosperity^ so is he great in his ruin.
There are those who accuse him of servility and meanness $ but they do
not well comprehend human nature/* &c. Now on this subject we will
give the sentiments of one whom Mr. Howitt will not accuse of a want of
knowledge of the human heart and of the character of man. Thus writes the
great Lord Clarendon — *' If he (VVolsey) had not been accompanied with
two very great vices, from the poverty and lowness of his birth — the one
of pride, the other of pusillanimity — he might have been as glorious in his
death as he was in his life ; but an exorbitant pride grew up with him,
as is most natural to those of meanest extraction, to so unheard-of a
degree, that he made all the nobility of the kingdom his mortal enemies,
upon contests which had no relation to religion -, and then his pusillanimity
ioas in truth his deaths when all the indignation of the King could not have
taken his life from him ; but his poor spirit, thai had been so immoderately
blown up by his prosperity, expired at being reduced to live in a lower orb ;
whereas he might have raised a nobler monument of his virtue in his mag-
nanimous behaviour in his misfortunes, than he hath left behind him in his
palace at Westminster," &c.
At p. 284 and following pages, Mr. Howitt gives an account of the
pictures in the palace. Are we wrong when we say that he did not judge
by his own knowledge, but followed the authority of the old Cata*
logues, and took for granted the authority of the celebrated names?
In consequence of an entire want of critical precision, his account is value-
less. There are few original or good pictures at Hampton Ck)urt, with the
exception of the Cartoons of Raphael, the triumphs of Mantegna, and some
historical portraits of early date and of great value. But the equestrian
figure of Charles, which Mr. Howitt praises, is not by Vandyck. The
sculptor Bandinelli is not by Correggio. A Holy Family by the same
master, is mere trash ; and as for the walls of the Queen's bedchamber
being adorned by the pencils of M. Angelo ! Titian, Giorgione, and others,
we can only say, that, familiar as we are with the palace and its contents,
we have never yet seen them. Mr. Howitt has not mentioned, for proba*
bly he did not see, some of the most interesting parts of thepalace ; and he
is ignorant of the many curious traditions attached to different parts of its
domain -, but it was unpardonable not to have seen Charles s rooms.
We must conclude with extracting a line specimen of logic and of
knowledge from Mr. Howitt*s visit to Stony hurst ; when a Mr. Daniells
was pleased to utter the following nonsense, and Mr. Howitt was gratefal
enough to record it. If all the Jesuits at Stonyhurst resemble Mr.
Daniells in intellect and erudition, the Church of England * indeed
must tremble.
* Speaking of the Church of England, we perceiye by the last Quarterly Review,
that Mr. Owen and the Socialists have tried to enlist an illustrious synonym of Mr.
Howitt*8 in their cause ; having republished, for the instruction of the public, a woilc
called, '' A Popular History of Priestcraft," by William Howitt 1 Whoever this gen-
tleman is, we are sure that lie most deeply regrets being griped in the accursed feelers
of these poisonous polypi ; and being made '< to do tiieir biddings," before he becomes
their prey.
I
1840.]
Howitt's Vixiis to Remarkable Placti.
457
" I know that the union with the State
was the destruction of the Church of
Rome in this country in the sixteenth
century, and it is destroying the Church
of England now, and will destroy it. Sir,
we have read history as well as the Pro-
testants, and we know, as wellat we know
anything, that an establishment is the most
fatal curse that can befall any Church.
We know that it infuses a Lethean lethar-
gy ; it destroys the vitality of zeal ; it
breaks up the living interest between the
prit'st and his people. That is the noto-
rious and necessary result of an estab-
lishment. That has been, and is, and
must be the perpetual tenden?y of every
such experiment ; and therefore, what-
ever may be the desire of others, mine is,
that Catholicism may never be established
by law in these kingdoms. {He doet not
mean Cathoiicism, but the Papal reli"
ffion.) I do not deny that I deaire to
see Catholicism spread and prosper ; at a
zealous lover of my Church, and deeming
it, as I do, the best form of Christianity,
it is what I must desire ; and here we
have done all that we could, and shall
continue to do all that we can, to extend
its sphere and its influence. I do not
deny that we love power, but then it i« on
intellectual and moral power ^ and not the
unnatural power derived from a poHtieml
alliance, which in the end brings weak-
ness to the State, while it confers a spe-
cious and external form of existence, and
like a vampire, saps the very life of the
life vrithin its victim. If I desire pros-
perity and power for my Church, all his-
tory has shown me that they can only be
derived from the voluntary zeal of the
minister and the affections of the people."
ysow, as Mr. Flowitt asserU that Mr. DaoielU the Jesuit brought forth
all this mass of froth and folly, we are bound to believe it ; but the whole
thing reads much more like the angry invective of the political Dissenter,
than of the politic and crafty Jesuit. That Mr. Howitt, however, approves it,
is evident, for he calls it " sound reasoning." We iiill now tell him what
iound reasoning is in our opinion. " The Test and Corporation Acts have
always been endured with extreme ill will, by the excluded parties, and
more especially by the Protestant Dissenters. But the contest at thai
time was conducted with some degree of modesty ; the complainants were
conscious of their own weakness, and not insensible of the general obliga-
tions under which they lay to the best Constitution of the world. Under
these circumstances the powers of that combination were exerted too early.
A powerful medicine is thrown away at the first access of a complaint,
which at the crisis might have saved the patitnt's life. That crisis is now
arrived, * and happy had it been to this country if the universal interest
which must have been excited by the first appearance of such a workf
could have been reserved for a moment, **when in the demand, not 0/ eman*
lipatlonfrom restraints, but of equal and universal power , all remains of de^
cency are lost on the one hand, and all prudential regards to the great seen*
rities of the constitution are in danger of being swallowed up in timid and
lu'tplcss acquiescence in the other, \ Awful, however, as the present crisis
is, and as far as men's minds are now gone in the lethargy of religions and
I>olitical indifference, we cannot but persuade ourselves that a republicatioa
and industrious circulation of the ' Alliance,' wonld even yet have a pow-
erful effect on the minds of all who have not ceased either to reason for
themselves, or to feel for their country."}
* This was written in ISW: \l*hat would the writer say, were he writing at the
present time ? Since the Reform Bill has made the shallow, pert ; the Tulgar, shame-
less ; and those that are tolerated, intolerants — what a mean, sordid, crafty, eavioas,
" rascall-rout," are we become ! !
t i. e. Warbnrton's ** Alliance between Church and SUte."
:" SecUries,*' says Warbnrton, '*iNtf#/ either kick, or be kkked. Tbsy must Mass
persecute, or provoke persecution. To be in this turbulent statt, is living ia their
proper element.'*
^ The words we have quoted are those of the very leamtd and aoeompUshsd Dr.
\V hi taker, the historian of Yorkshire*
Gji.^T. Mao. Vol. Xlll. 3 N
l»
458
DIARY OP A LOVER OF LITERATURE.
By Thomas Grien, Esq, qflpttdeh,
(Continued from vol, XII, p. 459.J
1806. — Jan. 22. Looked again into Gilpin s Essay on Prints. He
exposes the perversity of the spirit of collection by instancing a connois-
seur who showed as a prodigious curiosity a Wouverman foithout a horse
in it ! I have the prints I suppose from this very picture | there is no
quadruped in it. — Parry called, and mentioned many tricks of Canlfield^
and the purveyors to portrait collectors — himself an engraver of fac-
similes.
Jan, 24. Finished D' Israelis Defence of James the First, By bright-
ening the fair, and lightening the dark, parts of James's character, he
irresistibly produces an impression in his favour ; and perhaps we may
allow that, if the public consulted their own happiness in the mond
judgment which they form of their rulers, this monarch woald stand
considerably higher than he does in the public esteem. — Read Osborne* s
Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth and King James. Most unconthly written,
but highly interesting from the private anecdotes and ephcmeroas scandal
which they involve. He mentions as the custom of James's reign for the
principal gentry, courtiers, and professional men, to meet in St.Paurs church
at 1 1> and walk in the middle aisle till 12, and after dinner from 3 till 0,
discoursing of business, news, &c. The story of the king's attendant, who
at a banquet of Lord Carlisle's ate a pie composed of mixtures of amber-
gris, magisterial of pearl, and musk, till he almost poisoned his family,
and like the Satyr flew from his own stench, is excellent.
Jan. 27. Queen Elizabeth's pun at Cambridge, recorded by Peck,
when Dr. Humphrys, a puritanical opposer of the ecclesiastical habits,
approached to kiss her hand, — " Mr. Doctor, that loose gown becomes too
mighty well : so I wonder your notions shoold be so narrotff,*'— is but
poor. I have made two better in my life. 1st. Looking over some
books of Reports at Raw's, Mr. Pulham, who came in, observed, " So yon
have law before you, Mr. Green j " — I said, "Yes, sir, and divinity too :"
for Miss was standing by my side. 2nd. Admiring the prospect
from Mr. Rogers's windows, — " But what, (said I,) Lucy, is the matter
with the hilly field opposite which looks so staring white ? " " Oh ! "
said she, ''they have disfigured it, with spreading chalk npon the surface.'*
*' Well ! " said I, " if it be not picturesque, we may pronounce it at least to
hesub'lime."
Jan, 28. Read, in Desenfans' Catalogue of his Paintings, the anecdote
of the man who bore so wonderful a likeness to Louis XIV. that the King
wished to see him ; and who, upon the monarch's inquiring with a smile
whether his mother did not visit the court during his father's reign,
replied with exquisite naivete, '* No, sir, but my Jather did," is admi-
rable. One is pleased to find that the Grand Monarquc had the magna-
nimity to applaud this incomparable repartee. *
Jem. 30. Read Weldons Character of James the First. The physical
part of it inimitably drawn. It brings his uncouth person and manners
immediately and vividly before us : his exuberant tongue, and rolling eye,
* But this '< incomparable repartee " bad been previously made uk the weU-kaowii
itory of Shakspeare and Davenant.
1840.] Diary of a Lover of Literature, 459
and fulsome ogles, ami liabitual oscitancy, — iiotliiug can !>c better in its
way. It is curious to remark the contemptuous virulence with which
Wi'ldoti treats Haeon, though indeed it is Bacon's achievements in litera-
ture .diMie which have lescued his character from the contempt of pobttrity.
Jan. .SI. \Valked by the embankment round W'hersiead \ah\<^v. j l>eau-
tifid bright and warm spring day ; a grand balluc in the IWUtead woods.
A wounded pheasant flew towards uie, and lighted in the field, near my
feet. Sad, cruel sport ! — yet 's voice predominant !
l'\'h. 'J. Desenfans states that the estimated value of Paul Veronese's
Marriage at Cana was 13,000/. (No. 133) Brewer, he anirms(No. 167),
when reproached with his mean birth^ retorted, " I am one of (lod's no-
bility, and these," |)ointing to his pictures, *' arc my letters pat-cnt."
Feb. 3. Finished Sanderson's Aulicus Coqu'mariie. He says that Prince
Henry, on seeing Bacon magnificently attended after his fall, exclaimed^
'* Well, do whatever we can, this man sconis to go out like a sn^fT:'* com-
mending his undaunted spirit and excellent parts 3 not without regret
that such a man should be falling off; — this is as it should be. Where
shoidd we have been Imd Prince Henry lived }* His riding from Richmond
to Sir Oliver Cromwell's, near Huntingdon, and arriving thereby 10 a.m.
ib an exploit worthy our modern equestrianism.
Frf). 7, Read Sir Edward Peyton's Catastrophe of the House of Stuart,
a tissue of malignant calumnies, spun from a mind completely poisoned by
Puritanism. As a .specimen of his judgment he maintains, *' That all
muni('ipal and civil laws are no way justifiable, but as they correspond to the
judicial laws of the Jews, which were set down by God to be a pattern for all
to be patterned by." I Ic states himself to have been " fifty-four years back
at sch<K)l at Burv." There is an excellent anecdote in a note. Lord North,
on his brother being appointed Chancellor by Charles the Second, having
humbly represented as his bounden though |)ainful duty, that his brother^
though perfectly well intentioncd, was not qualified by his talents for so
high an olTice : the witty monarch thanked him with great composure,
and said, " he had always known that there was one fool among the
bn>th(TS; and he was obliged to his lordship for showing him which it
was."
Feb. 10. Finished in the evening a volume endeavouring to establish
the identitv of Sir P. Francis and Junius. The coincidences in dates—
in opinions — in sources of information — in tem(>crament— in party politics
— in personal feeling!*, and in peculiarities of expression and idiom — most
particularly in rc|)orted speeches of I iOrd Chatham not published till twenty
years afterwards from Sir P. Francis's notes, are moat remarkable, and
almost persuade me. Some of the heads of evidences, as is natural, are
pushed considerably to^^ far ; but the result of the whole, so happily dove-
tailing, is unquestionably powerful. I like Sir P. Francis's expression of
* W'c ^lululll h.-ivc hccQ whcfu we are now : though the ktrugf^lc between popular
r''..'\\if niul rci^al liuthurity might have been delayed, and possilily carried through^
witlioiit " bindinfi; Kin:;:4 in diains, and uobk's with links of iron.** NotwithitandiDg
the ptT-ional character of the Kinji^, perhaps no conceMion that could have been made»
^vltll t!ic »:\(triy of the prorf>:;atiTti and the dii^nity of the Crown, would have 8atU6ed
tli>' •iisttirbcd minds of thoM* who mide use of the suppression of the abuses only as a
!. ji to th' Tinlition of the n.;ht« of the Crown. After all, the churj^e of *• insincerity"
i> till- i;i-f,-it rhifKc again it Charle-t the First: his ilesjMttic views and lofty conceptions
iMinc to him with the Crown; and when wise and |H>iitic measures were wanting, h«
had uutortonately Str^ffordf and not C'eci/, at his elbow, — EOt
460 Diary of a Lover of Literature. [May,
his latter tboughts on a reform in the representation : — '^ As it is, the milk
throws up the cream ; to aim at a perfect system is attempting to baild a
Grecian temple of brick-bats and rubbish.'* Burke said of Bacon's style,
** there is no gummy flesh in it/*
Feb, 15. Carried in by Mr. Reed to see his paintings. Struck instantly
by St. Francis, by Guido, a three-quarters — spread with the paleness of
death — a book open before him — a crucihx (producing an awkward spot
of light) behind Fiim — an unfolded volume before 3 the head reclining —
expression of great anguish ; the hand pierced — bent backwards ; — the
whole of a grand iron-gray tone. Christ expelling the Money-changers,
by Dietrici : much cleverness in the subordinate detail, but too much
display of contrivance in the composition, and a general stiffness and heavi*
ness in the execution. The flesh ill coloured, and the principal figure
uncouth and undignified. An exquisite Vandevelde, — clear and forcible,
and the clouds grandly fleeting. Two curious Brnghels ; one a town on
fire, with extraneous figures in the sky ; the other the building of the tower
of Babel. Several small pictures by Bird, — good in parts, but falling mise-
rably short in general excellence and harmonious result to Teniers. Many
express copies injure the respectability of the collection.
Feb, 16. Began Franklins Private Correspondence, published by his
Grandson. In his first letter, (a curious one,) to Whit6eld, he
professes nearly the same religious sentiments that I feel. In a letter to
Priestley he proposes, in doubtful practical questions, setting down the
reasons pro and con, in opposite columns, forming equations of them, and
exterminating equiponderant quantities on both sides, — this he calls
moral or prudential algebra. The only cure against corruption in this
country, he states in the same letter, is to render all places unprofitable,
and the government too poor to bribe. Till this is done, he thinks we
shall always be plundered, and taxed beside to pay the Philistines ; bat
he speaks in anger. By the enormous patronage and emoluments of our
great officers, he says, we stimulate two passions in nature — avarice and
ambition — each separately too powerful. His ruling passion and doctrine
(of oeconomy) is strikingly exemplified in his argument for the immortality
of the soul.
Feb, 20. Pursued Fra/i^/i/1'5 Letters, He recommends, April 15, 1787,
T. Paine to the Due de Rochefoucauld at Paris, *' as an ingenious, honest
man." His moral notices of his old age and infirmities are frequently very
tender and beautiful. " I seem to have intruded myself,*' he observes,
*' into the company of posterity when I ought to have been a-bed and
asleep;" and in another letter from Passy, — ^'having finished my day's
task, I am going home to go to bed" Most heretics, he observes, are
virtuous. The virtue oi fortitude they have by their profession ; and they
cannot afford to be deficient in other virtues, lest they should give ad-
vantage to their enemies. In 1/89 he mentions ''noticed'* used as a
verb as an American innovation, together with "advocate" employed in
the same way. This I should hardly have suspected. In March 1766, a
period of general election, he writes from England, — ♦* In short, this whole
venal nation is now at market, and will be sold for about two millions, and
might be bought for half a million more by the very devil himself.*' Yet
in May, in the same year, on occasion of the disturbances respecting
Wilkes, he writes, — *' Some punishment seems preparing for a people who
are ungratefully abusing the best Constitution and the best King any nation
was ^ver blessed with:*'— not that there is any real inconsistency herej
1840.]
On the Hestruclion of City Churches,
461
but the latter sentiment, I confess, I should hardly have expected so
broadly slated, Franklin's letter to the Public Advertiser, giving a history
of the discussions in the American colonies, is admirably well reasoned.
One can hardly imagine Franklin^ as he here occasionally appears, a Court
intriguer. He had hopes for some time of the King personally; but at
length discovered his obstinacy. In a subsequent letter he beautifully and
touchingly remarks, — " The loss of friends is the tax a man pays for living
long himself. I have found it a heavy one.'*
Feb. 23. Franklin's rage against England as the rupture and the war
advances, gradually becomes extreme. He talks of our King as thirsting
for blood, of which he has already drank a large draught. He threatens
to make an illustrated school-book of our barbarities in America. He ap-
proves himself afterwards a most skilful negotiator. Mr. Oswald, appointed
on our side to confer with him, seems but a poor creature with very good
intentions. Mr. Grenville (the present Lord, 1 presume,) evinces consi-
derable skill in diplomacy. Mr, Oswald mentions twice as the sure in-
tention of our Government, if driven to extremities, to stop the dividends
of our funds, — at least all sums above 1000/. Burke's solitary letter is
({uite characteristic. Fox's display, an engaging simplicity, but with some
little awkwardness and uncouthness of expression.
March 17. Nectarines beginning to set. — Walked the first part of the
(lay by the ruins to Bramford hill in search of violets -, — plentiful on the
bank; — returned by the pathway between the Whitton and Bramford
roads — an old haunt not visited for a long time. On my return gardened
for the first time this season, pruning shrubs and trimming my Cambriau
grasses.*
THE CHURCHES OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW BY THE EXCHANGE, AND
ST. BENET FINK, LONDON.
Onth a Plate J
THK sweeping design of destroying
a number of the City Churches which
was meditated in the year 1834, and
for the time arrested by the resolute
opposition made to the measure in the
instance of the first church marked out
for sacrifice, St. Clement's, Eastchcap,
it may be feared is at length coming into
full operation, not indeed, in the open
manner in which it was diitplayed at
that period ; but in an insidious, and
therefore, more secure mode of proce-
dure.
It must be evident in the case of
St. Clement's Church, that the pre-
text of improvement set up to
warrant the intended demolition, had
no foundation in reality. The new
street being now completed, it is plain
that it would not have been encroached
upon by the Church, nor has the line
been at all altered by the continuance
of the building. The Church remains,
and the improvement has not been im-
peded. If a judgment can be formed
* Such noticei an the above are inserted, as they serve to throw light on Mr.
(iroeirM character, through his amusements and occupatioDs. He was ardently ena-
inoured of the charms of nature ; and not n sequestered spot of rural beauty in tho
nrighhourhood of Ipswich escaped the observation of his regular and daily walks :
from them he returned with renewed pleasure to his books, and the enjoyment of the
vorksi of art with which his house was enriched. The Cambrian pratses allude to
plants which he used to bring from Wales in pots when hr returned from hi4 tiummer
excursions, and which he carefully preserved, as reminding him of their native moon-
tains— the wild land of their birth, which it was his custom annually to frequent and
•xplore. Mr. Green knew, what few men do, how rationally to use and enjoy a life
of ease and teis^^e. — £o.
462
Si. Bartholomevi)s hy the Exchange.
tMay.
of the alleged pica for the removal
of other churches from this example,
it may be fairly doubted whether so
imperious a necessity exists, as to
"warrant the destruction of any other
sacred building.
The calamity which occurred at the
Royal Exchange has, however, af-
forded a ground for the removal of one
church, and the mutilation of another,
and as the existence of the condemned
edifices in their present state will be
very brief, the opportunity has been
embraced of perpetuating a view of
the site and the appearance of the
two churches at the present time.
The drawing from which the engraving
has been taken, is made by Mr. HoUis,
and it represents the buildings in a
point of view in which in all probability
they never were before seen at any pe-
riod of their existence; on the left
hand is the Church of St. Bartholomew
which is to be entirely destroyed, and
in front that of St. Benedict, the tower
of which is to be taken down. Both
these edifices were designed by Sir
Christopher Wren ; and, although from
the manner in which they have been
blocked up by adjacent domestic
buildings, they have attracted less
notice than better known works of
this great master, they arc no less
worthy of their parentage than any
other designs to which his genius gave
birth.
The church of St. Bartholomew is
situated at the north-western angle of
Threadneedle Street. There is a small
slip of ground between the south wall
and the street, which has afforded an
opportunity of building two shops and
a coffee-room belonging to a tavern ;
in consequence this portion of the
building is hid, and the usual entrance
to the church is through a dusky pas-
sage. The west front is unimcum-
bered, and abuts immediately upon
the foot-path. The north side and east
end are free, owing to the proximity
of a small burying ground.
The masonry of a great portion of
the exterior has a remarkable appear-
ance ; it is built of small stones with
large joints, and not worked to a
smooth face. In consequence, the build-
ing poti:iesscs a character of gi cater
antiquity than the time of Wren, and
allows oi the conclusion that the outer
walls belonged to the former struc-
ture ; this supposition is supported by
the existence of several confirmatory
circumstances. On the north: side is a
semi-octagon turret staircase attached
to the aisle, which possesses a more
antique character than is to be met
with in works of Wren's period. The
centre of the west front, and the upper
termination of the tower are built with
smooth masonry, and the clerestory
is constructed with brick ; all of these
portions appear to be works of a more
recent date than the other walls of
the building. In the plan the old
church has evidently been closely ad-
hered to. It appears from Stow that
Sir William Capel, Mayor 1509,
" added unto this church a proper
chapel on the south side thereof;" tiiis
chapel has clearly been retained in
the present structure, which, in addi-
tion to the usual complement of nave
and aisles, has an additional aisle or
chapel on the south side, opening to
the church by an arch now closed up,
and used as a vestry. All these are
indications that not only the founda-
tions were adhered to, but great part
of the masonry of the old church was
preserved. The arches on the top of
the tower form a singular and by no
means inelegant termination to the
structure, and afford a proof of the
vcrsality of the architect's genius in
forming so many designs for towers, in
none of which is there an absolute
sameness.
The interior is far beyond what might
be expected from the unpromising ap-
pearance of the outside. It is light and
graceful, and though simple and by no
means of large dimensions, is an excel-
lent example of what a parish church
ought to be. The nave and aisles are
divided by an arcade of four semicircu-
lar arches on each side, springing from
Tuscan columns, and having enriched
key-stones. The similarity in design
with the quadrangle of the late Royal
Exchange will not fail to occur to any
observer who may be acquainted wilt
the latter building. The clerestory
diffuses into the building a great body
of light with good effect. The hori-
zontal ceilings are panneled, and the
whole structure possesses a superior
character, resulting more from the ju-
dicious arrangement of the parts than
from any display of orsament or
grandeur of dimensions.
1840.1
Church of St. Bend Fink.
463
The pulpit and sounding-board are of
oak, richly carved, and in the western
gallery is an organ. The altar and
font are formed of expensive materials,
and were, without doubt, the gift of
some liberal benefactor. The former
is not a table of wood as usual in
modern churches, but consists of a
slab of beautifully veined marble, ap-
parently Sienna, sustained on gilt sup-
porters ; upon the table is a marble
pedestal, covered with a smaller ledger ;
this is hollow, and the ledger, being
moveable, forms a receptacle probably
designed for the care of the communion
plate. The font is formed of the same
marl)le, and is of large dimensions.
Thus it is to be seen that the archi-
tectural claims of this structure are of
no common order.
The church is dedicated to St. Bar-
tholomew the Apostle, and as there
arc two other churches in the city
under the patronage of this saint, it
was necessary to add a further distinc-
tive appellation, and it was therefore
called St. Bartholomew the Little,
though in modern times it has derived
an addition from its proximity to the
Kxchange, which it is evident could
not have been its ancient distinction,
the church existing long before the
Uoyul Kxchange was contemplated.
The destruction of this edifice was
contemplated some years ago ; it was
then averted, and has now been re-
vived, in consequence of the destruc-
tion of the Royal Kxchange.
The necessity for the removal of
this I'difice appears to be very ques-
tionable. It seems that the whole of
the eantcrn side of St. Bartholomew's
lano is to be taken down, to widen
the thoroughfare, — an act which at
present may be regarded almost as a
work of supererogation. Some years
since it was contemplated to make a
street from the back of the old Royal
Kxchange, in the direction of Moor-
fields, and then the widening of the
lane was requisite ; but since Moor-
pate street has been formed — which
has proved a more desirable and
uHcful alteration — the widening of St.
Bartholomew's lane seems to be of
far less utility ; and as it involves the
sacrifice of the church it is greatly to
be deplored and regretted.
In consequence of the eitensive al-
terations in this ntighboarbood^ancw
site will be required for the Sun Fire
Office ; and this establishment, it is
said, is to occupy the place of the
church : thus are buildings of religion
set aside to suit the purposes of com-
mercial enterprize. St. Christopher
le Stocks, the loss of which Pennant
so feelingly deplores, was another
church destroyed to make way for the
immense buildings of the Bank. It is
truly lamentable to see the slight ex-
cuses which may serve as apologies for
the destruction of a church.
There is one circumstance attendant
on the removal of this church, which
must not be passed over, as it evinces
that greater attention to the ashes
of the departed has been bestowed
in this than in former instances. A
mausoleum it appears is to be erected
on some part of the consecrated site,
for the purpose of containing such of
the bodies of the dead as may not be
removed by the existing families. This
mausoleum, it is to be hoped, will be
an ornamental building, and such as
the good taste of Mr. Cockerell can
readily supply. After the conclusion
of the present month Divine Service
will no longer be performed in the
church, and the demolition will then
commence.
The church of St. Brkedict, cor-
rupted into Benet, has the affix of
Fink joined to it, to distinguish it from
several churches in the metropolis de-
dicated to that great patron of mo-
nachism. This is derived from an
early benefactor to the church, Robert
Fink, whose name, softened into Finch,
is retained in the adjoining lane.
This church, like the former, was
surrounded by incumbrances. A por-
tion only of the square tower was visi-
ble above the surrounding houses ; and
the north side, the only part seen from
the street, was partly hid bv a large
dwelling house, and further disfignred
by a watch-house, built with peculiar
taste against its walls. Few persona
casually passing this church wonld
regard it with any particular notice ;
so little was seen, and so apparently
irregular was the edifice, that they
would scarcely think it worth their
while to bestow more than a passing
glance. On taking down the adjacent
buildings, the church stood out in to
bold a point of view, that no one, except
thoee who had criticilly examined t&e
464
Church of St. Bentt Fink.
[May,
structure, could suppose it possessed
80 much merit as it really does.
The plan of the church is uncommon,
and very effective. The external walls
form a decagon ; in the interior a
peristyle of columns, disposed in an
oval plan, make the church into a
nave, with a surrounding aisle, — the
central portion being covered with a
dome, which had formerly a lantern
on its apex. The tower is built against
the western face of the decagon, and
the lower story forms an open porch,
covering the entrance to the church and
churchyard. This tower, with the ex-
ception of its eastern wall, is quite free
of the church, and rises from the ground
independent of the main edifice, which,
in consequence of its plan, recedes
from the tower. This is the only in-
stance in London of a similar arrange-
ment ; yet it is so good that the plan
of the edifice might form a standard
for church architects. The tower is
of no great altitude (110 feet), but the
proportions are excellent. It rises
square and unbroken from the base
to the parapet, where an oval window
in each face breaks the cornice that
finishes the elevation, and which, in
consequence, sweeps over the head of
these windows. A dome rises above
the tower, crowned with a square lan-
tern, open in each face, and finished
with a low spire, ending in a ball and
cross. The arch of entrance, which is
on the north side, has a bold and hand-
some frontispiece, recessed in the
manner of a nich«.
Viewing the tower and church from
the open apace in the front, the boldness
of the design and the harmony of the
parts will be apparent to every spec-
tator. The graceful termination of the
tower by its gradual and welUturned
dome, leading by progressive steps to
the cross at the apex, forms a correct
and excellent finish to the square de-
sign, and gives to the entire structure
that artificial height which the ar-
chitects of our fine old steeples knew
so well how to create in their designs.
The eye, descending from the summit
of the tower, catches the side walls of
the church, and the oval dome behind ;
and here it will be seen how admira-
bly the architect has preserved the
leading feature of his design, which is
a dome, throughout the whole of his
composition. The loss of the tower
2
will prove an irreparable injury to the
church, which, denuded of this appro-
priate appendage, will appear mean and
insignificant, and will in all proba-
bility, at no very distant period, re-
ceive a similar fate from the hands of
some future band of improvers.
A notice of the monuments, and
some other particulars of this church,
will be found in Gent. Mag. for March
1836, N.8., vol. V. p. 256. The backs
of the houses in Sweeting's Rents,
taken down for the improvements,
abutted on the burying ground at-
tached to this church. These houses
were partly built over the churchyard,
being sustained on pillars, forming a
kind of walk or cloister on one side of
the open space constituting the burial
ground. This mode of buildins will
explain the meaning of dotttiia.
which are so often mentigiicd bj
Stowe as appertaiuing to tlia. piarHh
churches of London, as wtU aa tba
term "jetty/' so oilan met with in
deeds and otlier documents relating to
the dty in its former state. Tike present
modern colonnade has sapefiadcd the
ancient cloisters with their superin*
cumbent apartments ; and th%' jetties,
though in modem times laid into and
forming part of the adjacent bouses,
are, in fact, held under distinct tenures.
But these structures are not the
only edifices dedicated to the purposes
of religion, which will be injured by
the Royal Exchange improvement. It
is said that the French Protestant
church in Thread needle street is wholly
or in part to be taken down. This
structure, which is as large as a parish
church, and fitted up in a similar style
to the majority of the metropolitan
churches, stands on the site of St.
Anthony 's Hospital, thechapel of which
has remained in use by a congregation
of foreign Protestants from the time of
the dissolution.
The three edifices which form the
subject of this article are minutely
described in Allen's London, vol. iii.
pp. 200, 202, 220.
The apathy with which the removal
of St. Bartholomew's church has been
regarded will be remembered and felt
when perhaps the loss of this church
will be found a trifle in comparison
with the wholesale destruction to which
ere long the churches of the metropolis
may chance to be destined. £. I. C.
1840.] Sufferings of Mrs, Foster, at York, temp, Etix* 465
Mr. Urban, Feh,S, ^^ the town (York) wherein she
rt,,,,^ r 11 «. r«.u 1 «.!. dwelt was whollT Cathohck and many of
THE following account of the death ^^em reconciled to the Church ; so that
of Mrs. Foster, who underwent great gometimes when the beU rung to service,
persecution and imprisonment at York the minister shut up the church doors be-
for the Roman Catholic faith, and to cause few or none came to his mmistry or
which her death was attributed, is ex- service, which was principally imput^ to
tracted from a curious and interesting Mrs. Foster, who was charged to be so
MS. kindly lent me by the present great and monstrous a papist, that the
community of Syon Monastery at Lis- neighbours and towns there about were
bon. The volume contains a recital of «"d to be led and perverted by her.
the wanderings and personal treatment ^°^^t'' f^°?* ™ i^"" continual alms
of the Bridgetine Nuns of Syon Mo- j^f.^ ^^n^%.Z ^\ TT' X^v
^j. ^1 r *i: -J *"y on All Souls* day and such like
nasterv. at Isleworth from the period ^^^^^ whereby they proved her to be
of their second dissolution by Queen , notorious and bold maintoiner of the old
Klizabeth. to their settlement at Lis- and superstitious popery and religion, and
bon in 1594, the details of which will that she and her daughters, with Mrs.
he found in my forthcoming History of Clitherow and others, their companions,
that Monastery. had already with their meetings and as-
Mrs. Foster was the mother of Mr. semblies, and even at their gossiping and
Foster, who. when the Bridgetine feasting, done much hurt in York, and
Nuns fled to the Continent, took upon ^o«l<* ^^ ™»»ch more if they were pcr-
himself the affairs of the community, "*"«?• Hereupon Mrs. Clitherow was
found a convent for them at Rouen. *PP''jJ*^'*^^^ ^ ^^^t. ^"^""^^^'^
, -. 1 *. *u * i, *nd Mrs. Foster with her two daughters,
and afterwards at the earnest entrea- j^„ p^^^^ ^^^ j^„ ^^^ p^^^^ ^^^
ties of his friends, and of the Lady committed to prison, whose imprisonment
Abbess and convent, entered their being long and painful, and the prison
order March 8th 1584, and was elected standing over the great river Owse, on the
their Confessor- general. No notice is middle of the bridge, and consequently
taken of the life and sufferings of cold, moist, and very unwholesome, and
M rs. Foster, either in " Dodd's Church the comer wherein she was kept very little,
History," the "Memoirs of Mission- close and uncomforUble, quite contrary
ary Priests," or in a book entitled ^ ^^^ nature and custom, her life
" The Persecution, or Martyrs of 7^ ^^^^"^1 shortened, and with divers
Kngland, written by a Jeronvmite." mfirmities occasioned by her pnson she
v,>.,..a k,^ r I A«t'«ro«*B '"'^^ brought to her end and death. At
\ ours, &c. G. J. AuMOiER. ^^.^j^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^.^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^
*' Mistress Foster, our Father*s mother, womanish fear and weakness, nor was she
was prrsecutcd and apprehended upon unmindful of the cause for which she died,
two or three accounts, one of which was, but, stirred up with a devout and deep
* The subjoined account of the death of Mrs. Clitherow is extracted firom a scarce
work, entitled " Memoirs of Missionary Priests,*' vol i. p. 189. This lady is not
notired in ** Dodd's Church History.**
** On the 2r>th March 1586, Mrs. Margaret Clithero, whose maiden name was Mid-
dleton, a gentlewoman of a good family in Yorkshire, was pressed to death at York.
She was prosecuted under that violent persecution raised in those times, by the Earl
of Huntingdon, Lord President of the North. The crime she was charged with was
relievintr and harl>ouring priests. She refused to plead, that she might not bring
others into danj^er by her conviction, or be accessary to the Jurymen's sins in con-
demning the innocent, and therefore, as the law appoints in such cases, she was
pressed to death. She bore this cruel torment with invincible patience, often repeat-
ing in the way to execution, that /Alt way to Heaven wat at thort at any other. Her
husband was forced into banishment. Her little children, who wept and lamented for
their mother, were taken up. and being questioned concerning the articles of their
Rclifrion, and answering as they had been taught by them, were severely whipped,
and the eldest, who was but twelve years old, was cast into prison. Her life was
written by the reverend and learned Mr. John Muth^ her director, who, after many
years lal)ouring with great fruit in the Bnglith mission, after having suffered prisons
and chains, and received even the sentence of death for his faith, died at length in his
lN*d, in a f^oo<l old a^^e in 1G17.'* Mr. John Mush, born in Yorkshire, wrote an ac-
count of the RufTeTin^s of Catholics in the northern parts of England. — Dodd's Church
History, vol. ii. p. 1 !.'>.
(ih.VT. Mau. Vol. XIII. .1 O
466
Sufferings of Mrs. Foster, at Yorkt temp. Eiiz,
[May,
consideration thereof, she called for Dr.
Darbyshire, then prisoner, and her ghostly
Father, with the rest of the Catholicks in
that jail, in whose presence she made a
Tery zealous profession of her faith, and
took them all for witness of it that she,
being then in her full understanding and
perfect senses, died there in the cause of
Christ's Church, thanking God most
humbly for it in a devout speech to that
purpose. After this she called for the
last sacraments, desiring the company to
assist her with their prayers, and after she
had received the said sacraments with
great devotion and tears she desired her
ghostly Father to write for her the follow-
ing words : * I, Ann Foster, though most
unworthy of this grace of God, do die in
the profession of the Catholick Faith, and
likewise have received all the last Sacra-
ments of the Catholick Church, and finally
I am buried after the rite and with the
ceremonies of the true Church of Christ,
wherefore my last will and testament is
this, that no minister nor any other such
person have anything to do with my dead
body/ And this writing, which was
nothing else but a conformity to her faith
and the cause of her imprisonment and
death, she besought her ghostly Father to
put in her hand when she was dead ; who,
considering her great zeal and blessed
notion, satisfied her desire, which the
minister of the parish and the hereticks,
finding in her hand and reading it, it is
almost incredible how they chafed at it,
but especially the minister, who put the
whole city in an uproar, and also com-
plained to the Queen's council, and to tlie
Earl of Huntingdon, a puritan, and the
Queen's President in that city ; he com-
plained also to the Archbishop and the
Dean and Chapter, and not only so, but
most inhumanly caused the dead coarse to
be brought out of prison and laid openly
on the bridge in the common street, for
all the world to gase and wonder at. In
the mean season the President and Council,
Archbishop and Chapter, were assembled
about this bold and traitorous act (as they
termed it) of writing her last will, and im-
mediately sent for Mr. Foster, blaming
him for this heinous trespass of his wife ;
to whom he answered, * That he had not
offended her Majesty m anything, and that
he was not there when his wife died, which
is all (said he) that I can say in this
matter.'
" Finally, while some gave sentence to
bury her in some dunghill, others would
have her cast into the river from the
bridge on which she lay. Mr. Foster be-
sought their honours to consider that she
was but a woman, and, being now dead,
never could offend them any more ;
whereat the Council was discontented, and
asked him how he durst intreat for such a
papist, and began to call him in question
for his conscience, affirming that they
knew well enough what he was, and would
then have committed him, if some com-
missioners on the bench had not favoured
him ; notwithstanding all this he replied
thus, ' That, whatever she was, she was
his wife, and he bound by the law of God
to love, honour, and protect her, and this
being the last and least thing he could do
for her, he humbly besought them to give
him leave to bury her;' which request
by friends present was at last agreed to in
this manner, that he might take her out
of the minister's power, and bury her
where he would without any other solem-
nity than only to put her in the grave.
Very glad was he of this licence, since they
could not have done a greater benefit either
to him or her, for he knew very well the
great love and devotion she had to the
Earl of Northumberland, who was mar-
tyred in York,* and buried in Holy Cross
Church, whose grave Mr. Foster opened,
and without any hindrance laid her with
that blessed Martyr's relicks; and thus
two of her earnest desires were in one
instant fulfilled, according to the prophet
in the 144th Psalm, * Vnluntatem timen-
tium se faciet.' ' God will fulfill the de-
sires of those that fear him.' One thing
she desired was to be buried in the church
where the foresaid martvr was laid, the
other to be buried without any heretical
ceremonies. This news of the manner of
his mother's death was brought to our
father in Rome, and was more fully re-
lated to him by her own ghostly father
Mr. John Mush, who not long ago died
a professed religious in Syon.'*
Mr.Ubban. Morley^^ near Leeds,
March 4.
THE publication of "The Corre-
spondence of the Earl of Chatham"
has stimulated the literary public to
renewed exertions to unravel the mys-
tery— who was Jnntus ?
In the Gentleman's Magazine for
1769, the first letter of Junius is in-
troduced with this brief recommenda-
tion. "The following pages are
written with a knowledge of public
affairs beyond the line of ordinary in-
♦ Thomas seventh Earl of Northumberland, beheaded at York, after the risinc of
the Northern Earls, Aug. ^^i, 1572.
1810.]
Review of Publications respecliug Junius.
467
formatiun, and are therefore suSmitted
to the inspection of our readers." That
time has not falsified the correctness of
Mr. Urban's opinion, the succeeding
volumes of that delightful periodical
bear ample evidence.
Your readers are aware, Mr. Urban,
that the essays or letters of Junius
were iirst printed in a daily newspaper,
the Public Advertiser, published by
Mr. Henry Sampson Woodfall. Im-
mediately subsequent to the appearance
of the last letter of Junius, Mr. H. S.
Woodfall published the series of letters
in two volumes, and the work came
out under the inspection of Junius
hitnself. In the preface Junius says,
•' The cncouraL^ement given to a mul-
titude of s[)urious, mangled publica-
tions of Junius, persuades me that a
complete edition, corrected and im-
proved by the author, will be tavour-
ablv received. This edition contains
0
u!I the letters of Junius, Philo- Junius,
and of Sir William Draper and Mr.
Home to Junius, with their respective
dates, and according to the order in
which they appeared in the Public Ad-
vertiser." The public was satisfied
with this explicit declaration of the
author, until the year 1812, when Mr.
(iL't)r^e Woodfall, tlie sou of the ori-
;^inat printer, sent forth into the lite-
rary world, a volume, consisting of
one Imndred and ten letters, which he
^ivled "The Miscellaneous Letters of
Junius." 'J'hc reputation of the father,
the Woodfall of Junius, gave to the
collection of Mr. (ieorge Woodfall a
character which introduced it into the
libraries of the admirers of Junius, and
without exciting any suspicion, it was
received as containing the genuine
letters of Junius. The authenticity of
the MibCcllaneousLettershad never been
(|uebtioned, until the year 1S31. On
referriui^ to the Gentleman's Maga-
zine, vour readers will find a short,
yet favourable, review of a small pam-
phlet, written expressly to prove that
the Mistcellaneous Letters were spuri-
<Kis. And in a second edition, pub-
lished in 18.33, the proofs of their
being spurious are multiplied. The
title of the pamphlet is " Junius Lord
(*hatham, and the ' Miscellaneous
Letters* proved to be spurious."
It may, |>erhaps, be useful if 1 give
your readers a brief account of the dif-
ferent treatises on Juoius, and the
names of the presumed authors of those
Letters, noticed in the volumes of the
Gentleman's Magazine from the year
1769 to the present time. Twenty
volumes of this Magazine had ap-
peared, after 1769> before the slightest
notice was taken, by any of its numer-
ous correspondents, of the Letters of
Junius.
In 1 789 one anonymous writer says,
"Junius was no other than the late
Thomas Hollis, Ksq. ;" another person
points to Mr. Wilkes, and a third to
Mr. Hart and Mr. Gerard Hamilton.
In this year P. Thicknesse, Esq. pub-
lishes a work, " Junius Discovered."
He names Mr. Home Tooke. The
question was allowed to rest for ten
years, when, in 1798, Mr. Wilkes'
claims are again revived, and Lord.
G. Sackville, the Right Hon. W. G.
Hamilton, Mr. Burke, and Mr. Dun-
ning, are brought forward as competi-
tors for the prize.
1799 introduces us to Mr. Hugh
MacAulav, who assumed the name of
Boyd, and a hint is given that Dr.
Gilbert Stuait was Junius.
1800 brings before the public as a
candidate the Rev. P. Rosenhagen, and
then a second long respite is allowed
to the shade of the great unkoowo, to
be disquieted in the year
1812 by Mr. George Woodfall, who
published an edition of tlie Letters of
Junius, including others by the same
writer, and under other siguatures.
The year
18 13 is pregnant with competitors-
Lord Shelburne, Dr. Wilmot, Mr.
Greatrake, and a small volume appears
in support of Dr. Francis and his sob
Sir Philip Francis. We have also Mr.
Roche's work, " proving that Mr.
Burke was Junius."
1814 introduces but one pretender,
Mr. Richard Glover.
1816. Sir P. Francis is again before
the public, and would have occupied
its undivided attention if Dr. Busby's
" facts and arguments " had not dis-
tracted our notice — he " demonstrates
that JohnLewisDeLoIme was Junius."
But how vain are such facts, argu-
ments, and demonstrations. De Lolme
is rudely pushed aside ; " William
Henry Cavendish Bcntinck, stand forth
— for thou art the man."
1817. "lliat profound and accom-
plished scholar. Sir Wiliiam Jt.nes,"
-t()8 Disputed Authenticinf of Junius 8 '' Miscellaneous Letters.*' [May,
is driven into the IJAts, to be expelled
by the champion. Sir I'. Francis.
IS 19. "A refutation on the claims
preferred for Sir P. Francis and Mr.
Gibbon."
1822. The delightful " Reminiscen-
ces of Charles Butler " appeared. The
Octogenarian maintains that Lord Sack-
ville was Junius, and Sir P. Francis
his amanuensis.
1S20. iMr. George Coventry's " Cri-
tical Inquiry proving the Letters of
Junius to have been written by Lord
Sackville."
1826. "Mr. Burke proved to be
Junius."
1827- "The claims of Sir P. Francis
disproved. Inquiries into the claims
of Charles Lloyd. Observations on
the character of Burke, &c. by E. H.
Barker, Esq." This work contains a
mass of curious information on this
question.
1830. A discussion on the subject of
Lord Temple's being the writer of the
Letters.
1831. "An attempt to prove that
Lord Chatham was Junius."
1833. "Junius Lord Chatham, and
the ' Miscellaneous Letters/ proved to
be spurious."
1838. From Mr. Green's "Diary of a
Lover ofLiterature,"December2, 1812,
" Called at Row's — Gibson there. He
conjectured Junius to be Lord G. Sack-
ville. I suggested Lord Chatham."
" The conjectures have been extended
by the present Sir Charles Grey to
Horace Walpole." Editor of Gent.
Magazine.
1840. In the number for this pre-
sent month of March there is a Re-
view of " Lord Brougham's Historical
Sketches of Statesmen." Mr. Urban
remarks, " Sir J. Mackintosh came,
after careful inquiries, to the conclu-
sion that whoever was the author of
these Letters, he was connected with
the Grenville party, but we know also
that the late Mr. Windham always
suspected Gibbon to be the author ; "
— " Wilkes threw his suspicions on
Butler, Bishop of Hereford, and Dr.
S. Parr was positive (according to his
usual disposition) that Mr. Lloyd was
the man in the iron mask."
From this general review of the
subject, so far as it is noticed in the
Gentleman's Magazine, it appears that
few attempts had been made to dis-
cover who was the writer of the
Letters of Junius, prior to the publi-
cation of the " Miscellaneous Letters,"
and it is as undeniably true that every
work written after the year 1812,
rested the pretensions of the claimant,
mainly, if not entirely, on the facts,
arguments, opinions, and assertions,
to be found in the "Miscellaneous
Letters."
It is not necessary for me to enter
into the question of the authenticity
of those Letters ; my opinions have
been for many years before the public.
I may, however, be permitted to pro-
duce the admissions of other public
writers in their favour, and they may
be entitled to particular attention.
The Editors of the " Correspondence
of the Earl of Chatham," observe in a
note, vol. iii. p. 305, — " This pane-
gyric on Lord Chatham adds consider-
able weight to an opinion entertained
by many persons, namely, that some
of the Miscellaneous Letters, inserted
in Woodfall's edition of Junins, are
erroneously attributed to that distin-
guished writer." It would have been
more satisfactory if the Editors of this
note had stated where the recorded
opinions of many persons could be
referred to. However little merit there
may be in having proved the Miscel-
laneous Letters spurious and worthless,
yet I cannot tacitly permit any one to
claim that little honour to which I
consider myself fairly entitled.* Bat
to proceed. My object is to bring the
* In the Index at the end of the 4th volume of the '' Correspondence of the Earl
of Chatham," voce Junius, is this curious passage : ** Quotation from Junius, bearing
the Editors assuming a "false fact.'* They ^. ^^ .^_
markable coincidences ** in the Letters of Junius and the speeches of Lord Chatham :
and then they consider as proved, that the reporter of those speeches must have been
Junius, because the sentiments of Junius and Chatham are most remarkably coincident.
If the Editors had turned to the pages of the pamphlet, "Junius Lord Chatham/' they
might have extended the number of coincidenoes.
irt-10.]
Cei/iiig iftlw Bl'ick Boy Inn, Chtlmt/uid.
4G9
qucsliun of the |>resume<l authenticity
nf ttic Miscellaneous Letters distinctly
beiun- the p\ih)\c, and tlirnu(;h tlie
ini'ilium of the Gentleman's Magazine.
Tu elucidate this question, we must
search fur uur arguments ami infer-
All (irhcrs arc fallnciijus. untenable, and
HH~iir<l. (!ui(led in our judgment by
HUrh curri'Cl ilala, how shall we desig-
n:ilL- the productions of Mr. Tavior,
Mr. Coventry. &c. when it is aii ac
knuwU'dgcd fact that the spurious
[.etti'rs were coni^idtred by those gen-
tleman a<> the genuine productions of
the pen ofJuLiius > If the Miscellane-
ous Letters had not had an eiialence,
I'V.'u the hyixithesis by Mr. Taylor in
r.ivriur cif Sir Philip Francia could not
hitvt' been formed. Such an investi-
;:^i!iiin, cmducted on logical principles
iiiid just inferences, may not indeed
I'liuhit' us to detect the writer of the
suredly allow us to devote our un.
bi.isc'd faculties and our energies io its
elucidation, and narrow the circle in
whirli future reneurches must be car-
ried. In the third and fourth volumes
of the " Curres|iondence of the Ear] of
Chatham," there are two private Let-
leis addrossed bv Junius to Lord
Cliatham. The discovery of the ei-
i-tirre of thfse two letteia, appears
at variance with the claim 1 have en-
dinvourcd (o suhstanliate in favour of
that nrihleiiian. 1 am not, however,
convinced that my conjectures are er-
roneous, and, with your permission,
Mr. l.'djan, I will in tiume early num-
ber iifyour Magazine state the rea'oiis
which induenCF me in the belief, that
two sniiulilitkrd private letters written
by the unknown Junius to Lord
('hnlliam. arc not an insuperable ob-
jection, to the opinion which I hold,
that Lord Chatham was Juniu«. I
will conclude thii long, yet I hope not
estiuK letter with an extract
mentary on this interesting fact.
With afewshortei tracts from my pam-
phlet of 1833, I will finally close this
communication. "The family papera
of the Karl of Chatham were be-
queathed by him in trust to Lady
Chatham, Richard Earl Temple,
and Charles Lord Camden." Now,
bearing in mind that Lord Temple and
Lady Chatham were in the relation-
ship of brother and sister to George
GrenviUe, and of uncle and aunt to the
Marquess of Buckingham, it will not
require a great stretch of imagination
to conceive, " that the Dute of Buck-
ingham had from certain document*
found in his archives (at Stowe) dis-
covered who really was the author of
the Letters of Junius." '" The Stowe
archives are liept as a sealed book,
and no ordinary Inducements will
ever lead the Grenvittes, the Bucking-
hams, Temples, or Chatbams of this
generation to break the seal of aC'
Youn, &c. John Swihdik,
Mb. Urbas. SprtHsfirld.
I SbIND you sketches of two boaaet
taken from the ceiling of one of the
rooms at the Black Buy, Chelmsford.
There is a tradition that Richard
in. was hunting in the f.>rest, and,
being missed by his courtiers, waa
afterwards found at this house. One
of the bosses has the figure of a boar.
fior
hich 1 I
er Is;to, from the " Reminis-
nt," the late Mr. Charlea Butler:
" 1 believe the most probable ac-
respecting
the d
; Stowi
, that I
r wni found in the fnmily pB|icrs,
erlained to be in the hand-
<if a person known to the fn-
1 will not indulge in a com-
painled of a dark blue, surrounded by
a border of the same colour, with
bright red stars [mullets,] ; the panael
within is of a deep red. The other
boss is a ruse, originally painted wliite.
I H40.] The Strngglfs of Civil and Ecclesiastical Authority. 471
that the Black Boy belonged either to
the Karl of Oxford, as a provincial
town house or hostelry, or to one of
his principal friends and adherents,
who miiiht display the heraldic insig-
nia of his lord. — Edit.
Mr. Urban, Cork, March 8.
THE observations with which Mr.
Hallam has honoured my notice of his
History of Literature, " in reference to
the authority of the Council ofTrent,"
neither do, nor are meant to arraign
my assertion of the unreserved and de-
clared submission of the Roman Ca-
tholic C'hurch, as represented by her
clcrcy, in every part of the world, to
the doctrinal decrees of that council,
which on the contrary they affirm and
recognize ; while the distinguished
writer owns that, as applicable to the
(iailican Church, his expressions "may
have conveyed something less than the
truth to the mind of a reader unac-
quainted with the subject." So it
Ktruck me ; and this was the impelling
motive of my late appeal to your
columns ; for, as the greater portion
of readers must be presumed little fa-
miliar with the topic, I wished not
that the shadow of a doubt should
obscure the truth ; and the more emi-
nent is Mr. Hallam's name for gene-
ral impartiality on controverted ques-
tions, the more anxious I was, that his
}iigh authority should not appear to
countenance the doubt deducibic from
his languafie. If I did not introduce
into my extract from his paragraph the
words of which he mirks the omission,
he must have perceived tliat I gave
him, in the preceding sentence, full
credit for their import, in stating that,
'* with a knowledge and impartiality
far superior to most of our English
writers, he was, in general, careful to
separate the obligatory canons of doc-
trine from the local regulations of dis-
cipline." But an exception to this
rare merit occurred, and that, too, on
a momentous point, which I could not
suffer to elapse unnoticed.
Mr. Hallam's transcript from De
Thou in relation to the Emperor Fer-
dinand's recurrence to George Cas-
sander, with a view to reconcile the
Augsburg Confession and the Triden-
tine decrees, rather sanctions, it will
1)0 found, my prtvisioTi of its purport.
IVrdin.ind's solicitude for the accom-
plishment of so desirable an object was
perfectly legitimate and laudable, and
not less so that he should consult an
able and moderate theologian on the
means of success ; as the matter was,
of course, beyond his own competence
of judgment. He was disappointed
that the Council had not effected its
destined purpose of conciliation, and
was anxious to learn whether any hope
of achieving that end still existed ; but
it could not be, in his intention, by the
surrender of any essential tenet of faith,
of which his own declaration, quoted
by me from Ranke, deprecates all dis-
cussion. We may also assume that
the disregard manifested for the im-
perial mandates emanating from hfm-
self and his renowned predecessor,
must have been a source of irritation.
Sovereigns naturally behold with jea-
lousy what is independent of their
control, or counteracts their will, as
religion generally does, though cer-
tainly less so in England, at least
during the early periods of the Reform-
ation, than elsewhere ; for there, as
Mr. Hallam has remarked in his Con-
stitutional History (vol. i. p. 140,
Paris edition) " Henry, Edward, Mary,
and F2lizabeth found an almost equal
compliance with the varying schemes
of faith," as if to verify the old obser-
vation, that reform is never right at
first. In Germany, however, the edicts
of Charles and Ferdinand fell power-
less on the popular conscience, which
probably in England would now, like-
wise, be less tractable. The effect of
this resistance to the ruling authority
on the unenduring pride of Napoleoo,
is expressed with such energy and
point in the " Report of the Delibera-
tions of his Council of State," that 1
cannot forbear, and I trust, will be ex-
cused for citing his words. They were
uttered in consequence of the bull of
excommunication fulminated in 1809
by Pius the Seventh against the mighty
conqueror, in which the unsubdued
Pontiff emphatically asserted for the
Holy See, as John Knox did for hit
order, " a sovereignty far more noble
than the imperial sway, unless, he
adds, it be contended that the body is
superior to the soul, and the interests
of the earth above those of heaven."
Upon which the Emperor exclaimed,
" Voycz rinsolence des pr^trcs . . . qui
'.e rt'servciit Taction ^ur rintclligencc
472
Ferdindnd L and Cassatider, — BossueVs Exposition. [May,
. . . ils gardent r&me et me jettedt le
cadavre," And, on another occasion,
'when made conscious of the impossi-i
bility of reducing religion to the pas-
sive subserviency of civil rule, he ob-
served, with equally vivid illustration^
" Je cherche en vain oti placer la limite
entre Tautorrt^ civile et Tautoritd r^li-
gieuse. J'ai beau regarder, je ne voia
que des nuages. Le gouvernenient
civil condamne k mort un criminel ; le
prStre lui donne I'absolution, et lui
promet le paradis." And our own
criminal records daily contirm this con-
trasted jurisdiction. (See Thibeaudeau,
and Pelet de la Loz^re, now minister of
finance, " Sur le Conseil d'Etat," and
Bignon, tome viii. p. 269> 281.)
. Ferdinand's, consultation with Cas-
sander, I may add, produced no prac
tical fruit ; nor was the subject pursued
after the death of the Emperor and
divine, which almost immediately en-
sued ; and altogether, indeed, the cir-
cumstance was scarcely entitled to the
importance attached to it by Mr. Hal-
lam. Similar and more serious efforts
of posterior date have been equally im-
potent of effect ; nor could it be other-
wise, where one party cannot and the
other will not, yield, while both, under
different forms, lay claim alike to in-
errability. The most celebrated of
these essays of union was that at the
close of the seventeenth century, which
is detailed, at ample length, by Cardi-
nal Beausset in his Life of Bossuet,
(livre xii,) when Leibnitz proposed as
a basis, or protocole, of negotiation,
that the Council of Trent should be
wholly set aside, {comme non-avenu)
which, of course, it was impossible for
Bossuet to grant. But that great pre-
late and Cassander were differently
constituted ; and the latter, it is well
known, like Melancthon among the
protestants, fell under the imputation
of carrying his pacific character to the
verge of latitudinarian indifference.
Many an attack, we learn from Mo-
sheim (vol. iv.) was directed against the
mild reformer, under the title of De
Indifferentismo Melancthonis, which, in
truth, would appear to derive some
support from the advice he gave his
mother, a Catholic, when consulted by
her in 1529, on the controversies of
the day, to continue to believe and pray
as she had hitherto done, ** Ut pergerct
hoc credere ct orare quod crcdidissct
3
et orasset hactenus, nee pateretur se
turbari conflictibus disputationam,"
says Melchior Adam, a professor at
Heidelberg. (.VitseTheologorum, in 0pp.
tom. i. Frank. 1706 and Boyle, art.
Melancthon.)
Since I last addressed you, I have
read more at leisure, than circumstan-
ces had then permitted me to do, Mr.
Hallam's volumes ; and the perusal
has, if possible, enhanced my admira-
tion of the erudition they evince, and
the spirit in which that erudition is
applied to the illustration of his subject.
It likewise suggested some additional
remarks, but with which I shall not
now encumber your pages, though you
will allow me, I hope, to mark a few
necessary corrections in my own
article, arising, 1 am quite aware, from
my indistinct writing.
At p. 146, line 46, for considerable
read inconsiderable ; pages 250 and
255, Boyle, read Bayle ; page 255,
second column, line 28, anew sentence
should begin after the word books ;
page 256, first column, line 28, for t»-
tolerable read intolerant, and same page,
second column, at bottom, after ptt6-
lished, add by.
Yours, &c. J. R.
Mr. Urban,
AS you have admitted many long
papers from "J. R.," including iu
almost every division an apology for
the doctrines and practices of the
modern Church of Rome, you will not
decline, I hope, the insertion of a
short correction of his delusive state-
ments, as regards Bossuet's noted Ex^
position, sometimes put forward as an
authorised announcement (which it
was not) of the doctrines of the Latin
sect.
''Mens, de Meaux's Exposition qf the
Doctrine of the [Roman] Catholic Churchy
which is here so much extolled, was
a greater misrepresentation of genuine
Popery than the Reformed writers had ever
drawn of her ; it was but the occasional
accommodation of the tenets of the Galli-
can Church to the scruples of the poor
affrighted Huguenots^ many of whom
were more than half-proselyted before bj
the terror of Royal Edicts and the threats
of a dragonade. So far was this work
of his from being a full refutatioa of ikt
falsehoods and prevarications ot wmk
Protestants, that he was in soch a hasttlp
1810.]
The Arrangements of the State Paper Office.
473
convict his antagonists of calumniating the
creed of his Church, as to represent her
doctrines very different from what they
really were ; and instead of removing, as
he pretended, a hideous vizor to shew her
in h.T nntural dress, so varnished over her
face to hide her defects, that her ancient
worsliippers did not know her again, in-
somuch that the Doctors of the Sorbonne
(see Wake's Exposition, and Defence of
the same, against the Bishop of Meaux,
!()>()) were much displeased to see
Popery in this strange disguise, and made
so many strictures upon the first im-
pression of his book, that he was obliged
to suppress the whole edition, and change
those places that had been marked by
them, and to put out anew and more cor-
rect impression ; and yet, after all, Mons.
Imbrrt, (see Wake's Appendix to the first
Defence of the Exposition, p. 1*22) a French
ecclesiastic of some note, was persecuted
by the Archbishop of Jiourdeaux, and
threatened with chains and imprisonment,
for the sole offence of adhering to the
doctrine of this famous Exposition.** —
Pye's Fire Ijettert on Subjects and Afu-
reprenentationM of Popish Writers^ pp.
1 1. London, 17()i>.
The attempt to represent Bossuet's
Exfjo-^ition as an authorized document
of the Church of Rome lias been well
exposed in Mendham's Literary Poll"
cy (tf the Church of Rome, being an Ac-
count I'f the Indexes both prohibitory
and expuryatory^ pp. 229. London,
ls:u). to which J. R.'s attention is
humbly directed.
Yours, &c. Strabo.
Mk. Uruan, April 10.
YOUR correspondent Piiilalrtiies
has apparently misconceived, and has
certainly misinterpreted, what was ad-
vanced by me in reference to the do-
cuments in Her Majesty's State Paper
Ofhce, and has then proceeded to cen-
sure me on the ground of his otrn
nii'^conntruction.
In the summary of what he is
plea^^ed to call my reasonins;, he says,
that because Mr. Tvtler's work con-
tains various errors of transcription,
I have recommended that abstracts of
the papers should be published by au-
thority, access to the original docu-
mentH restricted, and ** only office co-
pie* " be furnished to inquirers. (See
" I'iiilalrthrs" in pa^e 384 of your
number for April.) Now, what I
really did say will be found by your
readers at page 245 of the preceding
(Jknt. M/«. Vol. XIII.
number, — there I suggested that the
contents of the State Paper Office
should be made known to the public
at large, by kalendars or brief abstracts
arranged in the chronological order of
the papers ; using the term abstract
evidently in a general indicatorial
sense, as will be seen bv reference to
m
page 247 of the number cited. These
kalendars as "abstracts or brief chro«
nicies" of the papers were clearly pro-
posed in order that the public at large
might be acquainted with the different
heads of the MSS. of the State Paper
Office, just indeed on the principle of
Mrs. Glass, that the fish must be
caught before it can be cooked.
Readers must know the particular
stores of the depository before they
could ask for them, and when it is
considered that the contents of the
State Paper Office would make aboat
thirty thousand folio volumes, the ne-
cessity for such indicatorial informa-
tion need not to be particularly en-
forced. Such comprehensive view of
the MSS. in the office being first com-
municated to the literary world in
kalendars, 1 then suggested that
access should be granted to applicants,
who wished to obtain any documents
at length, or that office copies might
be furnished to them, meaning, of
course, when that mode might be
preferred by the applicant for his
own pleasure or convenience; pro-
posing, in short, that, as far as the
nature of the establishment might ad-
mit, the same facility of admission
should be allowed to the MSS. in the
State Paper Office as may be had to
those in the British Museum ; and in
the mention of "due restrictions/' I
had in view that very proper regulation
by the Trustees of the Museum, that
no entire transcript of a MS. should
be made without special permission
granted to the reader. The reason for
this is obvious ; the public have the
copyright and property of their own
MSS., and these should not be deteri-
orated and deformed by the pens of in-
competent persons retailing them at
second hand. I could have produced
many glaring and ludicrous instances
of the blunders of transcribers, hot
was content to select a few of those
indicated to my hand by the Edinburgh.
Review ; genume blunders (if the loca-
lity be material) committed in tran-
ap
474
Mr. Burgon on the Orthography of Shakspeare» [May,
scribing at the State Paper Office,
might have been most copiously de-
tailed in support of my assertions.
That the most liberal access should
be granted to state papers of obsolete
date, in an official sense, was, Mr.
Urban, " the very head and front " of
my suggestion, as plainly expressed
as in my power ; and it was far indeed
from ray anticipation that any of
your readers would have misconceived
my proposal, as one for restricting ac-
cess to originals, and furnishing
" only office copies."
I might indeed retort upon Philale-
THES, whose name as a lover of truth
should have imposed on htm a scru-
pulous accuracy in quotation, the same
accusation that Junius prefers against
the Rev. John Home, — " he alters the
text and creates a refutable doctrine of
hiaown."* PniLALETHESseemstodoubt
that any matters of a technical cha-
racter can be found among the docu-
ments of the State Paper Office, but
when he takes into consideration that
the seizure of private papers by the
Secretary of State was no unusual oc-
currence under the authority of gene-
ral warrants, until the notorious John
Wilkes successfully opposed an exer-
tion of prerogative so questionable, he
will allow that many matters of an
extraneous nature may have found
their way into the State Paper Office.
Numerous petitions, grants, war-
rants, and patents, the correspondence
of ambassadors, and other persons di-
rectly or indirectly connected with the
service of the Crown, must necessarily,
I conceive, have formed a collection
eminently illustrative of the foreign
and domestic history of Great Britain
and Ireland.
That these particulars should be
brought under the notice of the public
by well digested kalendars, and thus
rendered accessible to inquiry, was, as
I have said, Mr. Urban, the whole
gist and import of my proposition.
Yours, &c. Chartularius.
Brvnswich Square,
Mr. Urban, April 8.
1AM surprised, and rather sorry,
to notice the warmth of Mr. Bruce's
last letter. Surprised, — because I am
not conscious of having given him any
* Letters of Junius, letter 53,
occasion for displeasure : sorry, — be-
cause I think that the general cause is
injured when persons engaged in a
literary controversy suffer themselves
to be betrayed into anything like in-
temperance of style. Again ; I am
surprised, — because the point at issue,
if not the most unimportant, is incon-
testablv the most minute which ever
brought gladiators into the literary
arena : and I am sorry, — because if
this question should prove so pregnant
with the elements of strife, we shalk
never attain to a right understanding
on the subject. I will endeaTour to
set a better example in the ensuing
remarks : indeed I would have at-
tended to Mr. Bruce's suggestion, and
abandoned the discussion altogether, —
content to leave by-standers to decide
the point in dispute ; but Mr. Bruce
has put so strange an interpretatiott
on the opinions I have hazarded, and
(I am willing to believe) so far misun-
derstood my reasoning, that I think it
a duty I owe to myself to explain. I
begin to feel, with Hamlet, that there
has been "something too much of
this ;" but, in withdrawing from the
controversy, I am desirous of being at
least clearly understood.
We arc at issue on first principles ;
and, while this is the case, it is not
wonderful that our opinions should
differ in judging of the particular point
under consideration. Mr. Bruce con-
tends that Shakspeare's name ought
to be written Shakspere. And why ?
Because, says Mr. Bruce, " A man's
own mode of spelling his own name
ought to be followed." If this prin-
ciple were admitted, there would bo
no longer any question between as ;
a mere assertion of it, therefore, is tan-
tamount to begging the question. I
do not think that ** a man's own mode
of spelling his own name ought to be
followed," for a great many reasons ;
and what is much more to the pur*
pose, I am sure that it is not followed ;
and 1 protest against applying to the
particular case of Shakspeare a rule
which has never yet been admitted
into the critical code. Above all, I
protest against applying to this soli-
tary name a rule which, if rigidly
acted upon, would entirely revolution-
ize the orthography of proper names,
— and yet leaving every other proper
name in the language in statm fwo^
Whether we ought to revolutionize tb«
18 40] Mr. Bu/gon on the Orthography of Shakspeare.
A75
whole body of proper names in our
language, or whether we ought not,
is (]uite another question. ] have al-
ready stated my belief that such an
attempt would be found impracticable.
Such is, in brief, the position of the
controversy ; and such, in the main,
the arguments respectively employed
by Mr. Bruce and myself. 1 flatter
myself that the reasonableness of the
view I seek tj establish, will become
yet more apparent, when the question
is pone into a little more minutely.
"A man's own mode of spelling
his own name ought to be followed,"
says Mr. Bruce; and he qualities the
proposition with two saving clauses,
which I shall have occasion to examine
by and by. I meet this plausible as-
vsertion with observing, that, in the
Ko[)ublic of Letters, no dictatorship is
allowed. Far be it from me and from my
friends to lay down a rule; and then
chiilo mankind because they refuse to
fall into what we have asserted "ought
to be " done in this or that matter.
'J'ho Ropuhlicof Letters is governed by
its own laws; laws which have been
rnactod bv common consent of its
mombcrs. In other words, the prc-
vailiniz opinion of the literary commu-
nity, in literarv matters, becomea a
law, — a rojjent and binding law : by
departing from which a man exposes
himself to the charge of affectation or
pedantry. Now these laws are readily
discoverabli' by the diligent inquirer
I seek to interpret, for example, what
has been the sense of the literary pub-
lic as to the right mode of spelling old
Kn<:lish proper names ; and I have no
didiculty in arriving at the conclusion
that it has been judged advisable, — in
order to facilitate labour; to avoid
confusion ; and not least, in order to
escape the horrors of that predicament
which has led sensitive minds to dis-
cover that a dilemma is furnished with
horns, — it has been judged advisable,
I say, not to perplex ourselves, now-
a-days, with inquiring how proper
names were spelt anciently. It is
universally acknowledged that the or-
thography of proper names was an-
ciently to the last degree unsettled, —
almost, if not quite as unsettled as
the orthography of common words :
the ^ame individual not unfrequently
««poliin(; his name in two, three, or
more different wavs. Men have de.
termined, in consequence, not to con-
sider autographs as guides to ortho-
graphy ; but, when a doubt is enter-
tained as to how a surname should be
spelt, it has become the universal
practice of individuals to refer to the
most carefully compiled and carefully
printed works, and to observe how
the name is spelt there. This, there-
fore, leads me to perceive that a rule,
applicable to the case in question, has
been tacitly framed by the general
voice of the public : and I interpret
that rule somewhat thus : — Proper
names are to be spelt as they are speli
in the printed books of the majority of
well educated persons, — and not other^
wise. If I have interpreted the rule
incorrectly, I have nothing further to
say : but if, as I sincerely believe, I
have correctly interpreted it, why then*
it only remains to inquire what mode
of orthography has been established
in the particular case of Shakspeare?
and I affirm that the almost universal
mode of spelling that name, is the
mode which I am endeavouring to
vindicate. Lay on the table as many
editions of the poet's works as yoa
possess, — add lives and criticisms, —
and then collect reviews and news-
papers where the poet's name occurs,
— works of whatever kind, grave or
gay — and you will find the name spelt,
nine times out of ten. Shakspeare.
The tenth time it will be spelt Shake-
speare : but it will fier^ be spelt
Shakspere, The inference is obvioot
that Shakspere is inadmissible
I am unwilling to take any unfair
advantage of Mr. Bruce. We will
suppose one of his own books laid oil
the table ; and he shall himseif be
made the test of how Shakspeare's
name ought to be spelt. I have no
objection to take his last work, — yes,
his edition of Sir John HavwanTs
" Annals of Klirabeth." Turn to his
very valuable and judicious Introduc-
tion, p. xiii. and you will find the
name in dispute spelt as I spell it,
four times in the same note! He
quotes the " Pictorial Exlition of Shak-
spere," and, in spite of Mr. Knight,
calls it the Pictorial Edition of Skak^
speare! f Turn again to page viii.and
you will find the name three timet
written Shakspeare/.'! Why, how i»
this? On the 31st of October last,
Mr. Bruce wrote the oame,— 5Aa^«
476
Mr. Burgon on the Orthography of Shakspeare.
[May,
speare : the proof-sheet is sent to him
for correction in November, and re-
ceives his imprimatur: the work is
published in the following February ;
and in the Gentleman's Magazine for
the very same month appears a letter
from Mr. Bruce, in which he throws
down the gauntlet to his less mercu-
rial contemporaries : and wonders at
their obtuseness for persisting in
spelling the name of the bard in Feb-
ruary 1840, as they spelt it in October
1839 ! ! ! Upon my word, this does
appear to me a most marvellous pro-
ceeding. I have a inemorandum which
shows me that the autograph in ques-
tion, thanks to the liberality of a gen-
tleman in the British Museum, was
accessible in December 1836; and in
January 1837, Sir Frederic Madden
gave the Antiquaries a valuable paper
on the subject, together with a fac-
simile. What new lights can have
broken in upon Mr. Bruce all of a
sudden, that he should in February
advocate so strenuously a mode of
orthography to which in October he
virtually declared himself opposed, I
cannot imagine.
Let me observe of the rule above
cited, that it is the rule by which the
orthography of all the words in the lan-
guage was, in a great measure, ascer-
tained and established by Dr. Johnson
when he compiled his Dictionary. Our
language is full of anomalies ; and we
should have no settled orthography if
the principle of what " ought " to be
the rule were once admitted in lieu of
the rule itself. Ritson advocated this
principle in all his writings, and made
himself not only ridiculous, but almost
unintelligible. Once admit this prin-
ciple into Englisb orthography, and
you immediately open the door to end-
less confusion. Why, in such a case,
display partiality to one class of our
words ? Why not remodel the whole
of our orthography ? Why, to speak
of proper names, should we not call
Hugo Grotius, HugodeGrote, or van
Grole, or whatever he spelt himself ?
And the Beaver family, — why do we
not restore the ancient and real oitho-
graphy ofBeauvoir f As regards names
of places also; why should we con-
tinue to spell that town which the
Italians call Livomo, "Leghorn"?
It ought, certainly, to be '* Livomo " ;
for surely the It^Jiaos must be the best
judges of the names of their own towns.
Nay, " Leghorn ** is admitted to be an
error ; a gross corruption, for which we
are probably indebted to the merchant
adventurers of a former age. We spell
Pisa, Ravenna, and Palermo right:
why persist in spelling Livorno wrong ?
Somewhere on the coast of Asia Minor,
near Smyrna, there exists a ruined
fort, called by the Turks Sanjak, (which
means a flag,) from the circumstance
of a flag being generally hoisted there.
A certain French navigator, "speering"
for the nomenclature of the coast, on
hearing the name above-mentioned,
set down the place in his map as
"Saint Jacques"; and poor John
Bull, falling into the trap, translated
the place, in his simplicity, '* Saini
James's castle," — by which appellation
the spot is recognizable in our best
surveys ! Here is a glorious oppor-
tunity for improvement. No one will
dispute that the place ought to be called
" Savjak " ; yet who will call it so ?
Mr. Bruce wiil perhaps say that this
has nothing to do with the question ;
but 1 think it has at least thus much
to do with it. It may serve to show
that what is very plausible in theory,
is often very awkward in practice : and
that which in one sense ought to be
done in the remodeling of words, in
another and a far more important
sense, decidedly ought not.
So much then for first principles.
It will be seen that what I plead for is
consistency ; and since Mr. Bruce does
not understand what I mean by the
word, I must explain that I think it
would be inconsistent to alter the or«
thography of Shakspeare, and not to
alter the orthography of an immense
body, — almost all in fact,— of the
proper names in the language. Shak-
speare spelt himself Shakspere six
times, says Mr. Bruce. Good. But
Cecil spelt himself six hundred timee
Cecill ; and Mason spelt himself six
hundred times Masone. Well, says
Mr. Bruce, —
*' It seems to me a very little matter
that adherence to a good rule would ez«
tricate us from confosion at the small ex-
pense of adding an / to Cecil or an e ta
Mason: "
but he very much underrates the
responsibility he is incurring. He
must be on his Ps and Qs with almost
every proper name in tlie language^
1840.] Mr. Burgon on the Orthographif of SUt^peare*
477
if he would be congUteni, The cases
of CrumweU, Moyntague, Pffkeryng,
Wyngfeld, Mordante, Penbroke, JL^cy-
center, and Shreweshury, I have already
enumerated. Since my last letter, a
few more names have occurred to my
recollection. The Earl of Nottingham
<JG03) always wrote his name with
one / ; Sir Francis Walsingham wrote
his name IValsyngham, — invariably, 1
believe ; and Sir Ralph Sadler and Sir
Henry Sidney, I believe invariably,
signed themselves Sadleir and Sydf-
ney. The Brabazons and Barnwells
of Ireland wrote themselves Braboion
and Bamwall; and certain of the
Croke family, if themselves are to be
trusted, were Crooke, The Earl of
Suffolk (1613) spelt his name Si(^o/lr«.
Sir Richard Sackville, in every example
I have seen of his autograph, wrote
himself Sakevyle. Did Sir Hugh
Myddelton spell his name as I have
just written it? I think not. I
have seen more than one autograph of
Henry, Lord Darnley, where the name
is spelled Vernley. Sir John Throck-
morton's signature is Throkmariom.
Viscount Lisle (1538), signs himself
LysBle. Fleetwood, the recorder of
London, so many of whose weekly
letters to Burghley are in existence,
spelt his name generally (I believe
uniformly) Fleetewoode : 1 am almost
certain that it is never FUtlwood,
Why, — as I asked in my preceding
letter, — why perplex ourselves with
these novelties ? Things are going on
all very quietly and comfortably. Oar
errors are all verv pretty errors as they
stand. Why fall out in our old age
al)out such trifles ?
Now, in replying to a few pointa in
Mr. Bruce's letter, (the pUiyfulnm of
which I shall neither comment upon,
nor retaliate,) 1 will try to be brief. He
lays down two rules for the ortho-
graphy of proper names; the second
of which is a non iequitur, and unim-
portant : but the former is something
worse. It is obscure. " 1 contend,"
says Mr. Bruce, that —
** A man's own mode of spelling bis
own Dsme ought to be followed ; except
his practice, in that respect, has been
continuously vsrioos, or he has departed,
withoat good reason, from an orthography
previously well-ascertained.**
What is the memnins of " continu-
ously various " ? and who it to decide
whether a man haa had "good rem**
son " for playing tricks with his fa*
mily name ? There is something almoet
vaggiih in this saving clause. Again :
what is the meaning of an orthography
" previously well-ascertained " ? Horn
long previously ? and " well ascertain*
ed " by whom ? How are conditions
like these to be established ? See how
many old English names you can dia*
cover of which the orthography haa
been "well ascertained" previous to
the age of Shakspeare. No, no. Thia
will never do. We must have better
statutes than these, or we shall all go
to loggerheads in a trice. Mr. Bruee'a
rule has been evidently framed to matt
the particular case of Shakspeare^
which is not fair. Besides, it doea
not meet the case of Shakspeare aatia*
factorily, after all. "A man'a own
mode of spelling his own name ou|^
to be followed." Good. It foUowa
then that we must forswear Shaktpfmn
and addict ourselves to Shakvpere. Bat
decide not too hastily. " There's pip*
pins and cheese to come." " Except
nis practice, in that respect, haa been
continuously various." I, for one, nm
of opinion that the poet spelt bia namo
in at least two, if not three, diflferenk
ways ; and I endeavoured, in ray last
letter, to show good reason for be-
lieving that such was the case. At
all events, I maintained, and atlU
maintain, that since we poaseaa but
six autographs of the poet, — thataiaco
three of these were successively anb*
scribed to one and the same docnnitiit*
and two are contractions ; and sines it
cannot be proved that a single scraldi
of the poet's pen during the first forty-
nine years of his life, is in existence^-*
from a review of these conaideratiomy
as I observed in my former letter, I can*
not see suflScient evidence of thatcon-
sistencT in this particular, which la
made the argument for changing tha
spelling of his name. Assuming ere*.
(which is by no means to be assooMiO
that a man's own mode of spelling hk
own name is to be followed,— what
proof have we that Shakspeare's "prac-
tice in this respect was not conttno-
ously various ?" De non egitimlibmi ef
i tmpomiihui eadfm 9§i ratio, replied
Mr. Bruce ; but however good in law,
I object to the application of thia mla
in cases like the present ; for it wookl
follow firom it that the tiistenct of i^
478
Mr, Burgon on the Orthography of Shakspeare,
[May,
single autograph « (however uncouth an
orthography it might exhibit) of a well
known name, would be a sufficient
excuse for upsetting the established
spelling, and introducing a reform.*
Mr. Bruce is of opinion that 1 have
misstated his argument ; for which I
am sorry. I did not misstate it wil-
fully ; nor do I think that I misstated
it materially. If he does not "assert"
that *' the poet uniformly wrote him-
self Shakspere/* — he at all events
assumes that there is good reason to
6e/i>t7e that he did so write himself;
else, there is no point in his argument
whatever ; and this will suit me
equally well. My letter was intended
to show that there is no reason to
believe that the poet was uniform in
his mode of spelling. On the con-
trary ; I enumerated sundry grounds
for believing that he sometimes wrote
his name Shakespeare; on which, Mr.
Bruce turns slily round upon me, and
says, (with reference to the orthogra-
phy I am vindicating) that, by this
very statement, 1 am "cutting the
throat of my own argument ;" " cut-
ting the ground from under myself,"
and inviting others "to accompany
me in my descent," and so on ; since,
if Shakspeare spelt his name Shake-
speare, why do I not spell it so ? Cut-
ting remarks these, no doubt ; but they
show more inclination than power to
be severe. I will tell Mr. Bruce why
I do not spell Shakspeare either Shake-
speare or Shakspere. For the very same
reason that he does not spell Thomas
Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, either Buc-
hurst or Buckehur^. I have before me
two autographs of that interesting
nobleman. In one, the signature is
T. BucHURST : in the other it is T.
BucKEHURST. But notwithstanding
this evidence I still stick to Buckhurst;
and so does Mr. Bruce To return
to that gentleman's strictures upon
myself, I beg to explain that when in
my former letter, I enumerated several
reasons for believing that Shakspeare
in early life wrote himself Shakespetare,
1 merely sought to establish the pro-
bability that the poet's practice was
" continuously various ;" and that
therefore, did we but possess a few
more of his autographs, we should
probably be exonerated, by Mr. Bruce'a
own showing, from the necessity of
reforming a name which is a very good
name as it stands.
One of the many objections to spell-
ing proper names as their owners spelt
them, which 1 have already enume-
rated, is the difficulty which must arise
when two or three members of the same
family spell their family-name dif-
ferently. 1 cited the instance of the
noble family of Grey, who wrote them-
selves Grey, Gray, and Graye. Mr,
Bruce is vexed with me for resuscitat-
ing this argument, after, as he says, he
has " knocked the brains out of It."
He must allude to the following pas-
sage in his first letter : —
** Now this is a totally different case.
Here is a well-known family name, the
orthography of which was settled long
before it became the fashion (!) to vary the
spelling of proper names according to the
caprice of the owner. It had existed as
Grey for more than two hundred years,"
&c.t
This may be called giving the argu-
ment a good smart pai on the back ;
but I deny that there has been any
knocking out of the brains. Hear what
the Rev. Jos. Hunter, — an observing
antiquary, and more familiar than
most of us with ancient documents, —
says on this subject : —
" With submission » I cannot find that
there was ever that uniformity which is
assumed in the mode of writing this name.
Long before the days of Lady Jane, it ap-
pears as Grey, Gray, Graye, Graa, and
Gra,''X
But we are not restricted to the
name of Grey. Take an instance
from the Neville family. Thomas and
Henry Neville, (uncle and nephew,)
addressing Secretary Cromwell in
* I trust, for Mr. Bruce's sake, that Sir John Hayward was " continuously vari-
ous *' in his •' own mode of spelling his own name." Mr. Bruce spells him Hayward
though by his own showing the old knight spelt himself Haywarde, (Introd. p xL)
t Gent. Mag. Feb, p. 164. ^ '
X Gent. Mag March, p. 373. ** In fact/* as Mr. Hunter very justly observes
" there never was a period, till the art of printing gave a degree of stability unknowir
before, in which there was any approach to uniformity in the orthography of proper
Barnes." Ibid.
1840.] Mr. Burgon on I he Orthography of Shakspeare,
479
1535, subscribe their names to the
same letter ; one writing: himself T.
Nlvyle ; the other H. Nevyll.
Now, how will you spell these two
gentlemen's names ? Apply Mr.
Bruce's rule to the case, and it will
be found that you must spell the un-
cle's name one way, and the nephew's
another ; which, 1 submit, is a reduc-
til) ah ahsurdum. It may be worth
individual. The simple aDOOUDce-
ment, *' my name is Burohlky,"
standing alone, would be full of sig-
nificance : the words implied being
obviously enough, — " so of course
vou won't think of spelling it differ-
ently."
I have now said all that I desired
to say on the subject of the orthogra-
phy of Shakspeare's name. Reluctant
adilini^ that I have seen the name of as I feel to occupy so much of your
this noble family yet differently spelt
by other of its members. One of the
(lanehters of the house wrote herself
Maiigakkti- NnrELL. Will Mr.
Bruce tell us that this also is a *' to-
tally differt-nt earner " Did this name
"exist as Xevillp for more than two
hundred years ? " Again ; Sir Wil-
liam Cecil, as already remarked, on
all occasions wrote his name Clcill ;
his son Robert, in every case which
has come under my notice, spelled
him'^elf Cecvll. What has Mr.
Bruce to say to this? — It would be
ca«v to multiply examples ; but I can-
not find it in my heart, like Dogberry,
" to hc-^tow all ray tediousness upon
your wor>hip."
Mr. Biuce still thinks that the prac-
tice of our ancestors to spell the same
name in two or more different ways,
ri"*ultrd from " coxcombry and affec-
tation." I have much respect for his
opinion, but believe him to be in error.
I conft r>s 1 ropard our ancestors with
more induljrnce; and presume the
practice alluded to proceeded tVom
carclefc3nes«», — indifference ; nothing
more : and will mention a circum-
stance which confirms me in this
opinion, — believinj^ that Mr. Bruce
hns no other wi-^h than to arrive at
the truth. Lord Burghley, shortly after
he was raided to the peerago, wrote as
follows to his friend, Nicholas Whyte,
space, I cannot forbear repeating, in
conclusion, an observation which I
made in my former letter : namely,
that, so far from finding fault with
those gentlemen who have adopted the
new orthography of Shakspere, 1 ra-
ther honour them for the practice : be-
lieving as I do that their reverence for
the Bard has led them to adopt that
mode of orthography. What 1 oppose
myselftoisMr. Bruce's attempt to write
down the established orthography. I
object also to his inconclusive argu-
ments ; and not least of all, to the air
of triumph he assumes on first enter-
ing the lists, — before he has tried the
goodness of his steed, the strength of
his lance, or the temper of his armour.
1 recommend to his attentive consi-
deration, the temporate and unassum-
ing style of Sir Frederick Madden's
original communication to the Society
of Antiquaries, on the subject of this
autograph. That gentleman declared
that, in his belief, all the six existing
specimens of the illustrious poet's
signature exhibited one and the same
mode of orthography ; in consequence
of which, he tacitly (and very natu-
rally) adopted that mode ; to which
he has ever since consistently adhered.
I felt inclined to do the same when 1
first saw the autograph, and read his
paper; but some such considerations
as those which 1 have ventured to
in Ireland : " My stile is. Lord of throw together in the present and ray
BritGiiiEV, if vou meane to know it
for your wrytyrjg, and if you list to
vrrytff truly : — tlie poore!>t Lord in
Kn^land I " It seems to rae from
the peculiar expression of his Lord-
^hip, that he recognized his corres-
pondent's right to spell his name in
any way he pleased ; that he consi-
(iired it quite optional whether a pro-
per name was to be written " truly "
or not. Now-a-days, I cannot con-
ceive ^uch a passage as the preceding
occurring in the letter of any sane
preceding letter, joined to the strong
reluctance I felt to remove a single let-
ter from a name to which I owe the
deepest obligations, determined mc to
remain faithful to the established
spelling. " I would certainly not go
so far as Malone," (Sir Frederick
Madden candidly admits,) " in assert-
ing that if any other original letter or
MS. of Shakspcre's should be disco-
vered, his name would appear as just
written :" and it is precisely this
possibility, (in which I perfectly con*
480
On a Passage in Plato*s Banquei,
[May,
cur,) which confirms me in my fidelity
to Shakspeare. It would bedisingenu-
OU8, however, were I, on my side, to
withhold an admission which I do most
cheerfully make : namely, that 1 be-
lieve the three signatures to the will
to be Shakspere ; and that, however,
inconclusive Shakspe and Shaksper
may be, 1 believe that the orthography
intended in both these cases was iden-
tical with that which appears in the
signature to the will.
There is a point by the way, on
which Mr. Bruce has thought fit to
be rather facetious ; and on which in
conclusion, 1 may as well bestow a
remark. I must say that it is rather
unhandsome in Mr. Bruce to quiz
my atonemasoTis, seeing that I did not
quiz his pariah-clerka, I am willing
to go the whole antiquary with Mr.
Bruce in praising Parish-Registers. I
will admit (if he wishes it) that they
are extremely light reading ; and that
in point of style, and as specimens of
idiomatic and grammatical propriety,
they are unexceptionable : but as
standards of orthography, 1 submit
that they are the very last class of do-
cuments to which a controversialist
should condescend to appeal.
Lastly and finally I must express
my sincere regret that Mr. Bruce
should suppose that I argue for vic-
tory, and not for truth. It is a heavy
charge, and an uncourteous one ; but I
acquit him of having meant it unkindly.
I am willing to believe that he used
the words only " in their Pickwickian
sense ;'' and cheerfully declare that I
have a far better opinion of him than
he seems to have of me
In accordance with his advice, I
withdraw from the controversy from
this time forth: and trust he will
be reconciled to my determination still
to spell Shakspeare's name as I have
hitherto spelt it, by the promise 1
hereby make to spell it Shakspere,
where it shall have become the usage
of the land to spell it so ; and when
Shakspeare looks as quaint and
strange in my eyes as Shakspere
looks now. Yours, &c.
John William Burgon.
On a Passage in Plato's Banquet.
Mr. Urban,
IN vol. X. p. 171 of Stephanus's
edition of Plato (with Ficinus's intcr-
4
pretation), Agatho, the giver of the
feast, asks Soci ates, who has just en-
tered, to come and sit by him, io order
that he (Agatho) may derive by the
propinquity some portion of the
Socratic wisdom. Socrates does so
accordingly, and remarks, *' It would
be well, Agatho, if wisdom were &
thing of such a nature as to pass
from those who abound with it into
such as want it, when they sit close
to one another, and are in contact :
like water running through the wool,
out of the fuller vessel into the emptier.
If this quality attend wisdom, I
shall set a high value upon partaking
of your couch, for I shall expect
to have wisdom flow into me from
you in great quantity, and of a kind
which appears the fairest. As for the
little which I have, it mast be meaa
and trivial," &c. This is, I believe,
Sydenham's translation, and is tobe
found in p. 448 of vol. iii. of Plato's
Works, by that accomplished Grecian,
Taylor of Norwich, a man who seems
to have inherited the very mantle of
that philosopher, so thoroughly do his
remarks partake of the spirit of the
great original. The Greek of that part
to which I most desire to call your at-
tention is ^<nr€p TO €v raif KvXi(ut
voo)p, TO oia Tov cptov d€ov €K rrf£ irXiy-
ptoTtpas (Is TTjv K€voiT(pav, I shall in-
sert Sydenham's note on this, and then
give you my own remarks.
" Aia TOV (piov. It is possible this
may mean a woollen bag, made in the
manner of our flannel jelly bags, to strain
and purify the liquor running through.
Or perhaps it means a string of wool
lightly twisted, fastened at one end about
the mouth of the cock, in a ewer, or other
vessel out of which the water is to nm,
and hanging down into some bason or
other receptacle ; that the water, as it
runs along, may leave behind it in the
nappiness of the wool any dirt or impure
particles with which it may be loaded.
This latter conjecture is rendered more
probable by the information we have from
a certain friend, a man of credit and ve-
racity, that in some parts of Wiltshire the
like method is practised of porifying
water, by letting it run down in the man-
ner we have described, along twisted wool,
which they there call accordingly the twUt^
Comarius says in his Eclogs, that be can-
not conceive what wool could have to do
in the affair ; and therefore he surooset
that instead of the word cpiov ihoud be
read opyavov, meaningy he says, a e&m*
18-10.]
On a Passage in Plaio's Banquet.
481
(luit pipe to convey water out of one cis-
tern, when full, into another. Bat by
this alteration of the word a very hnmor-
ous part of the similitude is lost ; that
wliich represents wisdom streaming^ out of
one man into another, as it were, by a
strong transpiration, through their woollen
or cloth garments being in contact to-
gether."
Now, Mr. Urban, it strikes me that
the explanation of the Comrocotator is
almost destitute of meaning, certainly
of all that neatness and complete appli-
cahility which are so essentially neces-
bary in all metaphorical or other al-
lusions, by which a speaker pretends
to help out or illustrate his discourse.
What on earth could Socrates mean
by Agatho's wit being strained as they
strained dirtv water ? But it must be
evident to any one that reads this dia-
lop^ue, or, indeed, any discourse what-
ever in which Socrates is introduced,
that hid remarks arc full of a consi-
deration for others : a modest and de-
lightful diffidence of self with such an
elegant and kind politeness as suffi-
ciently distinguished the accomplished
Athenian geuthman. Then what was
Apatho's wisdom to be purified for,
and what was Agatho to do with the
sediment ? Retain it for his own use,
I suppose.
Take a couple of wine-glasses ; let
oni' be full, the other empty of water ;
take a few strings of worsted, cotton,
uT anything similar, wet them and
twist them together, and throw them
over the two glasses, so that an end
>hnll be in each ; in a short time the
water will have mounted up the wet
thread-', and fallen into the empty glass:
thi-^ will go on with a gradually dimi-
nisbinc: velocity till the water is equally
high in each.
Well may Cornarius wonder! his
emendation, though unnecessary now,
is, however, very good in the idea.
Here, however, is no straining throogh
flannel, but the gentle transmission of
wisdom by contact. Observe also how
completely the position of the two
persons Bide by side on the sofa tallies
with the position of the glasses. Be-
sides, the commentator seems totally
to have forgotten the nature of m/Xifty :
ii it possible that little drinking cups,
wine-glasses in fact, were ever sub-
jected to the grave and ODeroos duty
{)i straining thick or dirty liquor^ an
G£«NT, Mao, Vol, ^^Uii.
operation that required father an
ample rum-puncheon and spiggott?
It is unnecessary to refer to dictiona-
ries, or to vol. II. of Stephanas'*
Thesaurus (Art. ki/Xccd) to see that
KvKi^ could not possibly mean any-
thing beyond the smallest possible
drinking vessel ; for a little further on
(p. 253), Alcibiades being by no means
satisfied with the small cups on the
tabic, orders in an f«c7rca/za firya to
drink from, and at last puts up with a
wine-cooler yfrvicnjp, when Eryzima-
chus (who, by-the-bye, seems mightily
fond of hearing his own tongue, even to
the exclusion of the mnsic,) says, " Are
we to say nothing over our caps, but
drink like people who are dying of
thirst?" The /iri rrf kvXUi in thia
speech seems equivalent to oar " over
the bottle," or "glass," and conM
not possibly have anything to do witH
the pitcher from which Alcibiades was
slaking his thirst ; for he alone drank
out of that, and poured oat of it to
Socrates, all which important pro-
ceedings arc as usual related by rlito
with the greatest minuteness. But
this is too clear a point to dwell on
longer ; and not to encumber mv ex-
planation with unnecessary help, as
its truth must make itself evident, I
only ask every one to consider its ex-
treme simplicity, neatness, andpeffeei
applicability, and to reflect how natural
it was to make use of such an ex-
tremely delicate allusion, so like So-
crates, and, indeed, so like the Greeks
in general, who were very fond of
bringing forward these little experi-
ments, and descanting upon them:
and in some cases very prone to
wander from them into dark and diffi-
cult theories about affections, anti-
pathies, &c.
As this passage has never been ex-
plained before in any, to me, adaiis-
sible manner, 1 beg in all humility to
offer the above to the notice of your
readers. Yours, &c.
Jtlington. W. HoaWBMAN.
Ma. UaBAX, Cambridge, /V6. 18«
THE letter signed T. T. in your
Feb. number (p. 108) induces me to
assume that »ome particulars respect-
ing Maces may not be unacceptable.
The Mace is a weapon of great an-
tiquity, and appears to have been of
essential utility to the warrior of the
3Q
482
Some Particulars respecting Maces,
[May,
olden time from its applicabilitj^tothe
purpose of crushing the armour of his
adversary.^ It subsequently became
an appropriate emblem of power, and
we find it apparently borne as an en-
sign of regal authority, together with
the sword, by one of the dignitaries
attendant upon the Conqueror in the
well-known illumination which re-
presents that monarch bestowing lands
upon Alan, Earl of Britany.a This
illumination, however, seems to be no
older than the thirteenth century.
The ornamental Mace is called by
Guillim a Mace of Majesty, " to dis-
tinguish the same from the Mace
borne by a common sergeant not onely
in forme, but also in use ; forasmuch
as this is borne in all solemne assemblies
before his Majestic, as also before his
Highnesse Vice Royes, In like manner
the same is borne before the Lords
Chauncellour, Keeper, and Treasurer of
England, and the Lords President of
Wales, and of the North parts, and
the SpeaJcer of the Parliament House
in time of Parliament." '
Maces were carried by the Serjeants-
at-Arms at Coronations, and before the
Sovereign at other public solemnities.
The Serjeant Trumpeter also bears a
Mace at the Coronation.*
The custom of carrying a silver
gilt Mace before the Lord Chancellor
is at least as old as the time of Wolsey,
though it seems he was entitled to use
this ensign of office as a Cardinal, or
at any rate as the Pope's Legate.5
In 1344 the Commons prayed the
King that no one within cities, bo-
roughs, or towns, should bear Maces
of silver, except the King's Serjeants,
but should bear Maces of copper, and
of no other metal, and such batons as
they had used in ancient times to bear ;
so that men might know the said Ser-
jeants from the others, as was agreed
in the then last Parliament. This
petition was granted by the King,
except as to the Serjeants of the city
of London, who were to be allowed to
bear their Maces within that city and
before the Mayor in the royal prc-
sence.6
In 1354 Edward III. granted to the
Mayor, Sheriffs, &c. of London, that
the Serjeants belonging to the city
should have liberty to bear Maces
either of gold or silver any where
within the city and its liberties, or
the county of Middlesex, in the pre-
sence of the King, his mother, consort
and children.7
Richard II. in 1393 presented Ro-
bert Savage, Lord Mayor of York,
with a large gilt mace, to be borne
before him and his successors ; and
by his charter to that city he empow-
ered the Serjeants-at-Mace of the
Mayor and Sheriffs to have Maces gilt
or of silver, garnished with the sign of
the King's arms.8
In the 17th Richard II. the Com-
mons petitioned that no Serjeant in
any city or town should carry his
Mace out of the liberty of the same.
This petition was unanswered.9
Henry the Fourth, in the fifth year
of his reign, granted that the Seijeants-
at-Mace of the Mayor and Sheriffs of
Norwich might carry gold or silver
Maces, gilt or ungilt, with the King's
arms thereon, both in the King's pre-
sence as also in the presence of the
Queen consort or Queen mother in
the city and its county, as their proper
Serjeants- at-Arms.^o
Henry the Fiflh gave to the Guild of
St. George in Norwich a wooden Mace
with a dragon's head at the top. This
was formerly carried before the Al-
derman of the Guild.ii Amongst the
effects of this monarch is enumerated
" One Mace of Iron garnished with
gold— price £6."12
The following letter, addressed by
1 Fosbroke's Encyclopedia of Antiquities. — Mr. Fosbroke, (vol. ii. p. 757,) men-
tions Dr. Clarke's supposition that the origin of the corporate Mace was referable to
the reverence paid by the Choeroneans to the sceptre of Agamemnon. This supposition
is however, I should suppose, too fanciful to meet with general adoption.
2 Gale, Registrum Honoris do Richmond ; Drake's Eboracum ; Pictorial Hist, of
England, i. o6b'. 3 Guillim's Heraldrie, edit. 1638, p. 280.
4 Ogilby's Coronation of Charles II. ; Sandford's Coronation of James II.
5 Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, edit. Singer, 44, 339. 6 Rot. Pari. ii. 155.
7 Allen's Hist, of London, i. 1 11. 8 Drake's Eboracum, 106, 181, 206.
9 Cotton's Records, 355. 10 Blomefield's Norfolk, 8vo. edit. iii. 122.
11 Ibid. iu. pi. fig. 161, iv. 351, 573. 12 Rot. ParL iv. 216.
1840.]
Some Particulars respecting Maces,
483
Henry the Sixth to the Mayor of
Reading (or more correctly speaking,
perhaps, the Keeper of the Guild
there), shows the jealousy with which
the right of carrying a Mace was then
regarded : —
'* Litere regis Henrici Sexti directe
custodi gilde de Redyng,
** Well beloved, we greet you wel, and
how be it, that we calle to our remem-
braunce how that at our last beyng at the
towne of Redyng, we licensed you to here
oooly the mase before us, so that it be not
prejudicial! unto our church and monas-
terie uf Redyng. Yet, nathlesse, ye use
it other wise than was or is accordyng to
our entent. In so much, that as we sithens
have clierly perceyvyd by sheweng of evi-
dence and credible report made unto us of
the antique usage and custume had in the
same towne, that hit is contrarie to the
franchise and libertees of our said church
and monasterie, by our noble aunciesterees
graunted and by us confirmed, you to be
called or bere other in name or in signe
other wise than as keeper of the gilde of
Reding, admitted by the abbot of our said
monasterie, and not by us, for to have any
mase, or eny other signe of officer or office
to be born by you or any other man with-
ill the suid town and franchisse of Reding.
Savyng oonly two tipped staffs to be bom
by the bayhf of the abbot of oure said mo-
nahtcric, graunted and yeven to the abbot
and convent of the same our monasterie
at the first foundac*on thereof, out of
court of niarshalsie eldest of record with
al nianer court plees of dette of trespace
and other, and also execuc*on of the same
to he doon by his baylif, and by noon
other, :is in their cliartent of graunte and
ronfirmae'on more evidently hit appereth.
We therfor woll and charge you straitly,
that ye ne U!«c nor bere any mace, nor
other signe, nor do to be born by non
other personne within the said town and
franchise thereof, whereby theinteresteand
lii^ht of our said monasterie might in any
wyse Ik! interrupted or hurted, which we
ne wolde nor never cntendcd, savyng oonly
the two tipped stafs, in manner and forme
as is above rehorsed, as ye desire to plese
us, and wol eschew the contrary. Yeven
under oure signet at Eltham, the xxx day
of Juill."»3
The right of having Serjcants-at-
Mace was subsequently conceded to
the corporation of Reading by the
charters of Elizabeth and Charles the
First.i*
On Michaelmas day 10th Cdw. IV.
the corporation of Cambridge pur-
chased four Maces, which were de-
livered to the treasurers, to be annually
let to the Serjeants, to the use and
profit of the treasury of the town, —
the Serjeants being forbidden to use
any other Maces. On the same day
these Maces were let for 3«. 4d. each,
— the parties hiring them each finding
two pledges for their re-delivery.i5 It
may be assumed that the Serjeants
amply reimbursed themselves by their
fees on arrests.
Edward the Sixth, in his charter to
St. Alban's, granted that there might
be two Serjeants-at-Mace, either of
whom might carry a mace with the
King's arms engraven upon it, before
the Mayor within the borough. 16
Queen Elizabeth in 1573 empowered
the Mayor of Thetford to have two
Serjeants, who might have two silver
Maces before him.i7 la 1578 this
Queen gave a Mace of silver gilt to the
city of Norwich, where it used to be
borne before the Mayor by the Cham-
berlain ; IS and in the Slst year of her
reign she granted that the corporation
of Hertford might have a Serjeant to
carry the Mace, with the royal arms,
before the bailiff. In 1605 James I.
granted that there should be two Ser-
jeants to carry within that borough
before the Mayor, two maces of silver
or gilt, with gold engraved and gar-
nished with the King's arms.i^
In the 4l8t Elizabeth the Queen
granted to the corporation of Leicester
that there might be five Serjeants-at-
Macc to carry gilt or silver Maces, or-
namented with the arms of the realm,
before the Mavor within that bo-
rough. 20
James I. granted to the borough of
Ikrkhampstead two Serjeants to bear
a silver Mace before the bailiff. This
mace was to be adorned with the arms
of Prince Charles (that town being
parcel of the duchy of Cornwall) .21
Charles II. in his Charter to the
City of Gloucester, authorised the ap.
13 Conte.'s Rea.ling, (i(K U Ibid. <).!, Gii. 15 Cross Book of Cambridge.
10 Chauney's llertVordiihire. «vo. edit. ii. VIM). H lUomcrtehrs Norfolk, Hvo.
oiit. ii. i;t.'». »» Ibid. iii. 3'iO, pi. fig. i:»H, iv. :.|.*. 1'^ y^rnor** Hertford, 7G. HI.
20 liibUolh. Topog. Britt. via. 1)47. 21 Chauncy'a Ucrtford|hire, «vo. vdit. u. ^6.
484
Some Part'iitdart respietUg Moet$.
[Hay.
poiDtment of four Serjeants-oi-Mace,
each of whom might carry before thje
Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs {ac-
cording to the pustom long nnce there
observed), a silver mi^ce, with the
arms of the Kiog an4 the City en-
graved on it 22.
The instances I hfjive given of the
right to bear a Mace being the sub-
ject of an express grant from the
crown, might, I have no doubt, be
greatly augmented, and the charters
of most towns enumerate Serjeant-at-
Mace amongst the corporate officers.
It is well known that, on occasions
of royal visits to a corporate town, the
Mace is borne before the Sovereign
by the Mayor. Whether it has been
usual thus to honour other members
of the royal family, I know not, but it
appears that on the occasion of the
Princess Margaret passing through
York in 1503, on her way to Scotland
to be married to James IV. the Lord
Mayor of that city preceded her with
the Mace on his shoulder S8,
At Southampton, it was formerly
the custom to carry a Mace before the
Mayoress on stote occasions ^ ; and
at Nottingham there was a Mayoress's
Serjeant ^.
A Mace seems to have been no un-
usual gift from noblemen or gentle-
men connected with corporate bodies,
as appears by the following instances :
— In 1609, the Honourable Edward
Talbot, second son to the Earl of
Shrewsbury, gave a Mace to the cor-
poration of Pontefract ^4 . and in 1636
Sir Thomas Posthumus Hoby made
a like present to the town of Scar-
borough 24 ; Sir Joseph Williams, one
of the Secretaries of State to Charles
II. gave a Mace to the town of Thet-
ford 36. The Mace belonging to the
corporation of the Bedford Level was
given by the first governor of that
body, — William Earl (afterwards
Duke) of Bedford 27. In 1663 a Mace
was presented to the corporation of
Guildford by the Honourable Henry
Howard; and in 1670-1 Lord Henry
Howard (afterwards Duke of Norfolk)
gave to the city of Norwich a Mace
of silver gilt, weighing above 167
ounces S9. Two massive and j^egant
silver Maces, each SMrmounted by a
crown, were, in 1680, given tp the
corporatioo of Newcast^e-under-Lymc
by William Leveson Gower, esq., the
lineal ancestor of the Duke of Suther-
land 24. In the reign of Queen Anoe,
Edward Earl of Orford (better known
perhaps as Admiral Russell,) gave a*
fine large Mace to the corporation of
Cambridge ; and in 1703 tbe Puke of
Hamilton made a similar present to
the corporation of Preston >*. Ip 1724
Thomas.Sclater Bacon, esq. then M.P.
for Cambridge, presented the corpora-
tion of that town with four silver gilt
Maces. In 1733 Sir Robert Walpole
gave the city of Norwich a silver gilt
Mace, weighing 168 ounces V. About
100 years since Col. Twisleton gave
two Maces to the city of Carlisle ^ ;
and in 1810 George Forrester, esq.
presented a Mace to the corporation
ofWenlockJH.
The corporation Maces appear to
have been anciently of a less ornate
character than those now generally
used ; two old Maces belonging to the
the city of Oxford are ensraved in
Dr. Ingram's Memorials, where they
are termed Staves. At Dunwich they
have or had a small silver Mace (appa-
rently of some antiquity) in the shape
of an arrow. This measured in length
ten inches and a half. Upon the head
were engraved the arms of the King
and of the borough 34.
At Llandilloes were two old Maces
of lead ; and at Loughor two Maces of
wood and tin were replaced by brass
onesW.
At Bridgnorth and Carlisle the tops
of the Maces were convertible into
drinking cups ^*,
When the Mayor of Nottingham
went out of office, the Mace, covered
with rosemary and sprigs of bay, was
laid on a table covered with black
crape. This was called kwyiug the
22 Atkyns*8 Glostershlre, 104. 23 Drake^s Eboracum, 126.
39 Ibid. iii. 448, pi. fig. 160, iv. 573. M Deering's Nottttghtm. 107.
»l VoL xvi. p. 338.
1840.]
7%i Afdiqyky and Uti o/Macei.
486
Mace, The old Mayor, on this occa-
sion, kissed the Mace, and presented
it to his succesaor with a suitable
coniplimeot 30.
On the capture of a fort at Agra by
the British Army in October 1S03,
there were found five Maces, three of
iron, and two of iron and copper,
which were said to have been carried
before the native princes on grand
public processions. These are engraved
in the Archseologia si.
The suggestion of T. T. that the
Mace is not used in the three great
common law courts, because the Sove-
reign is, by a fiction of law, supposed
to preside there in person, appears to
mc inadmissible. First, because the
fiction of law to which he refers ex-
tends only to one of these three courts
(the Queen's Bench). Secondly, be-
cause the same fiction of law applies
to the Court of Chancery (where the
Mace is used), as is apparent from the
significant " teste meipso "with which
the writs issuing from that court con-
clude.
I forbear, for brevity sake, to say
any thing now of the Silver Oar, the
emblem of admiralty jurisdiction,— of
the Verges, borne before the dignitaries
of cathedral and collegiate churches, —
or of the Maces (or, more properly
speaking. Staves) used by the autlio-
rities of our universities. These (to-
gether with the Sword of State) may
probably form the subjects of a future
communication.
Yours, &c. C. H. Cooper.
Ma. Urban, Cork, F^b. 12.
THE Mace, from iua35a, Saxon, or
ma^a, Spanish, is spoken of as a
sceptre or ensign of royal authority by
our ancient writers. We fiod in the
Faery Queen —
"He mightily upheld that royal maoe
Which now thou bearest.''
We read that Walworth, Mayor of
London, with his Mace, knocked the
rebel Wat Tyler off hit horse in
Smithfield, for approaching, in an in-
solent manner, too near the person of
the young King Richard the Second,
and that he then dispatched him with
his dagger. In Uiose troubled davs
it was absolutely necessary for the
magistrates to be well armed, and the
Mace here spoken of was so formed
as to senre, on emergtney, m a wet-
poo. The ancient Mace, in shape*
somewhat resembled a coffee-mill :
that of modern times is different ia
form, being of copper, or silver-gilt,
with a crown, globe, and cross, and U
the principal ensign of authority ia
Great Britain.
The word Mace, as derived from
the LAtin, Massa, and the French,
Massue, is most frequently met with
in its meaning of a heavy blunt wea-
pon shod with metal. Many speci-
mens may be seen in the Tower. The
Mace was used as a weapon by moet
nations until about the end of the six-
teenth century, and is common among
the Turks at the present day. Mura-
tori (Antiq. Med. ^Evi. Dis. 26) ob-
serves, that, in a close engagement of
heavy cavalry, it was almost impoi-
sible to wound powerful men in ar-
mour, sitting on horseback ; for their
persons, being cased in hauberki,
helmets, and other iron coverings,
eluded the power of swords, darts,
and arrows; and that therefore the
Mace was a most efllcacioas weapon,
by its weight crushing and overthrow-
ing the riders. Ellis, in his Fabliaux,
says, that it was a common weapon
with ecclesiastics, who, in conse-
quence of their tenures, often took the
field, but were, by a canon of the
church, forbidden to wield the sword.
The pioneers of the train-bands, or
city militia (London), used to bear,
till near the close of the last centary.
Staves, at the end of which were sus-
pended, by chains, iron and leaden
balls armed with spikes. They re-
sembled, in some measure, the ancient
Maces, and were called "Morgan
Stern," or Morning Stars, and it was
with a weapon of this kind that a
certain noble Marquess, notorious for
his " larking " propensities,
** Vexing with nurth the drowsy eer
of night,"
was, a few years ago, laid prostrate in
the usually quiet streets of Bergen,
Yours, &c. M.
Mr. Urban, April 6,
IN your number of this month I
read, with deep regret, another gross
calumny on the memory of the excel-
lent Dr. Jortin. You observe (p. 363,
in the notes on Boswell's Johnson)
" that you quoted the judgment (not,
perhaps, qmU infallible} of the li«e
486
The Character of Dr. Jortin defended.
[May,
Mr, Rose, on that subject, in the Ma-
gazine of February 1839." You did,
indeed ! and a more base, calumnious,
and unfounded invective has seldom
appeared in print. Had it not been
given on your respectable authority,
I should have doubted the accuracy of
the quotation. Nothing but the then
recent death of Mr. Rose would have
prevented the administering a most
severe, but merited castigation. You
now favour us with a second opinion,
"pronounced," you say, " by another
well-informed writer." You are per-
fectly right. These writers are both
equally well informed on this topic,
that is, they arc both profoundly
ignorant about it. The author you
quote is Mr, Dowling, — 1 beg the gen-
tleman's pardon, perhaps Doctor Dow-
ling. If this Mr. or Dr. possesses
one-tenth part of the talents and lite-
rature of Jortin, I promise him he
will make no small figure in the
world. In the present case, however,
his unprovoked abuse must excite,
with all candid persons, just con-
tempt. What ! is every malignant
scribbler to insult the memory of him
who was so eminently distinguished
by the great Seeker and his immediate
predecessor in the archiepiscopal see?
Is no reverence due to the ashes of
the ecclesiastic who was the Arch-
deacon of our great metropolis, and
the Vicar of the important parish of
Kensington, the chief residence, about
that period, of the Sovereign ? These
preferments are now, by a singular
coincidence, again united in the per-
son of a most learned and venerable
divine, and long may they so con-
tinue ! But it is easy. Sir, to see,
with Don Quixote's housekeeper, on
" which leg these two worthies have
halted." Jortin was the strenuous
and persevering opponent of Enthu-
siasm and Methodism. He was the
contemporary of Whitfield and Wesley,
and was a sorrowful witness of the
mischiefs they perpetrated. He is,
therefore, stigmatised as a rational
divine, in opposition, as it were, to
spiritual ; and as if he bad never pro-
fessed any reliance on the great doc-
trines of Divine grace and Spiritual
assistance. But if to be as holy, as
just, as temperate, as mild, as gentle,
and as good as he was, is desirable
for any of us, wc may well pray that
such " rationality " may ever flourish
and abound. With respect to the
works of this calumniated author, I
readily allow that "The Life of Eras-
mus " is dull and tedious. But why ?
From being over-loaded with quota-
tions and appendices. We may next
consider " The Remarks on Ecclesias-
tical History." Here, then^ comes the
rub ! Jortin has anticipated, perhaps,
what Mr. Dowling intended to have
said, or rather to have borrowed. If
Mr. D. takes in hand to enlighten the
world on the History of the Church,
why is it necessary to abuse a pioneer
in the same, perhaps, rough path, who
has, at any rate, removed some rub-
bish out of his way, and furnished
some hints for his guidance. The fact
is, that Jortin, like Bishop Warbur-
ton, was eminently rich in classic
lore. I do not suspect that Mr. D. is
quite their equal. Jortin, perhaps,
made too much display of what is
called profane learning ; but we had
better have too much of a good thing
than too little. To assert that Jortin's
remarks are " a vulgar caricature," is
to talk sheer nonsense. What does the
poor man mean ? Whom or what do
the remarks hold up to ridicule ? The
Church, or the Christian Religion?
assuredly not. On the contrary, the
folly of Paganism, the absurdities of
Popery, and the gross errors of the
Methodists, are the only objects of
that keen and elegant satire, to the ex-
ercise of which Mr. (or Dr.) D. can
prefer, I believe, but a very slender
claim. *
The truth. Sir, however, must be
told at once. Jortin was a decided
anti-Calvinist, and I am decidedly of
opinion, if he had not been so, and
had passed over the celebrated Bishop
of Hippo in silence, neither Mr. Rose
nor Mr. (or Dr.) Dowling would have
troubled their heads about him.
He accuses their favourite Augus-
tine (the idol of the Calvinistic party)
"with a partial ignorance of the
Greek language," and with some lean-
ing towards " Manicheism," and Uiis
was an offence not to be forgiven.
All the intimate associates of Jortin
are long since gone to their eternal
rest ; but in the early part of my life
I had the pleasure of being acquainted
with several of them, and I distinctly
remember the delight witb which hi^
1840.]
Vindication of the Rev, Samuel Bishop,
487
character was pourtraycd. The pro-
found scholar, the zealous and ortho-
dox divine, the devout and humble
believer, the indefatigable parish priest,
the affectionate father, the indulgent
master, the kind neighbour, and the
faithful friend, were the lineaments
with which it was adorned. Mr. (or
Dr.) Dowling, therefore, would em-
ploy his time much better in imitating
so great an example, than in attempt-
ing (the attempt, indeed, is rather
puny) to defame or lower it. I need
not specify, however, against what
such sparrow-shot will ever be dis-
charged in vain !
Mr. Dowling may never have seen
Jortin's Sermons. If he should, per-
adventure, meet with them, and if he
is competent to understand them, 1
hope, and I believe, that his heart
will smite him (provided he has one)
for thus wantonly and maliciously
calumniating their learned and pious
author.
Yours, &c. A Constant Reader.
Mr. Urban,
CONSIDERING your Magazine
ns one long devoted to the cause of
Literature, and tenacious of the just
claims which scholars and men of
talent have on lasting approbation, I
report to it, for the purpose of repelling
a most unfounded accusation against
an individual, who, though now for
many years removed from the world, is
still affectionately remembered by near-
ly all those survivors, who had in youth
the advantage of being under his care,
and who has achieved for himself, in
public opinion, a lasting rank amongst
the poets of our country. The indi-
vidual referred to, is the well-known
Samuel Bishop, who devoted thirty-
Mvvn years of his life as a roaster to
Merchant-Taylors* School, being for
the last twelve years its chief di-
rector : and the charge I have spoken
of, is contained in the recently pub-
lished Memoirs of Charles Mathews,
the Comedian, the whole of which,
indeed, I have not seen, but some ex-
tract«» from which, contained in the
Metropolitan Magazine for January
1^;»1), have, within a few hours only,
forced themselves on my attention.
That part of these Memoirs to which
I shall refer, appears to been drawn up
by the aforesaid ComedUa himself.
and that he, a man born to laugh at,
or laugh with, should seek to make
every thing he treated, ridiculous,
need not surprise us ; but, as he might
have learned enough of Horace to have
translated,
*' ridentem dicere verum
Quidvetat?"
he should have recollected, that there
was no sentence in this, or any other
writer, authorising him, " ridentem,
dicere falsum."
Schoolmasters from the very first
appear to have been among those, of
whom he sought to make sport, whilst
in his Memoirs he endeavours so to
caricature them, that they shall seem
to the very last, or as long as his book
shall be looked into, objects of con-
tempt or abhorrence. Of his early
instructors at St. Martin's, with whom
he in such spirit amuses himself, I
know nothing, thinking it however
very probable that his statements re-
specting these are much overcharged ;
but when he speaks of Merchant-Tay-
lors' School, and especially of Mr.
Bishop, I am quite certain, that ia
endeavouring to produce effect, he ca-
lumniates rather than describes, and
distorts rather than pourtrays. He
first attacks what he calls " his huge
powder'd wig," though it was only
such a one as most aged clergymen at
that period wore, and proceeds to re-
late, that he, and his school- fellows,
shot paper darts into it, till it looked
like " a fretful porcupine." — ^Too silly
a tale for any one to credit, who knows
that the school -room is the largest in
England, that three other masters
were continually in it, and that such
missiles, ifdischarged, must have been
seen by them, as well as by all the
boys, amounting to about two-hun-
dred, some of the seniors among
whom, out of respect to their beloved
master, would have taken the law into
their own hands, and avenged the in-
sult. After this attack on the wig,
the Memoirs proceed to relate, that
Mr. Bishop had chalkstone knuckles,
which he used " to rap on the writer's
head, like a bag of marbles." Now,
that the joints of his hands had been
swollen by hereditary gout, is true,
but the disease which thus enlarges
enfeebles likewise, and if the knuckles
ever made an impression on the skull
of this mime, it was only becaasc, for
488
Vindication of the Rev. Samuel Bishop.
fMay,
all purposes of useful acquirement, it
wasaverysoftone. Omitting one or two
other matters, of trivial consequence,
but exceedingly overcharged, I hasten
to the most offensive and false asser-
tion, that "two more cruel tyrants
than Bishop and Rose, never existed."
Rose was at that time second master ;
i was not in any part of the school
under him, but, having through many
years witnessed his conduct towards
those who were, I can positively af-
firm, that he was by no means a severe
disciplinarian, nor, whatever might
have been his other errors, an unkind
man ; whilst the stigma attempted to
be fixed on Bishop, is as gross a false-
hood as was ever uttered I I am not
easily excited to harsh language, but
my veneration for that accomplished
instructor, and my gratitude towards
that almost paternal friend, — I speak in
reference not only to myself, but many
others,— excite me to a decided and un-
flinching refutation. So far from being
a tyrant, he not only seldom resorted
to corporal punishment, but the whole
tone of discipline through the school,
whilst under his direction, was soft-
ened. Though flogging had not for
some previous years been frequent at
Merchant-Taylors', it almost ceased
"when he was Head- Master ; and as
regarded the two upper forms, which
were altogether under his manage-
ment, it ceased entirely. In the well-
known picture of " Flogging Busby "
at Christ- church, there is a portrait
of one of his scholars, who looks
smilingly up to the rod and the mas-
ter, and is said to be, " the only boy
whom he never flogged." Had it
been wished to have delineated Bishop,
** the cruel tyrant," in a similar man-
ner, the difficulty would have been to
have found a boy whom he had flog-
ged, though every reader of the Come-
dian's book must be aware, that there
was one who well deserved it. And
whilst the rod was never used, even
the cane was rarely and moderately ;
not but a teacher so intelligent, dis-
criminated between the idle and indus-
trious, the mischievous and orderly,
knowing well how to awaken shame in
the former, if there were any sense of
right, any dormant feeling, in their
minds ; whilst the latter it was his
delight to encourage and commend.
It is truly said of him by his biogra-
pher, Mr. Clare,* — " In the Aianage-
ment of the school, his discretion was
singularly apparent — ^he avoided all
unnecessary severity, endeavouring if
possible to interest the feelings of his
boys, to win the affection of the inge-
nious by kindness, and to restrain the
turbulence of the perverse by shame
and disgrace." It was the custom in
his day, when the senior boys had
conned their appointed task, to go
with their master into a contiguous
apartment, called the box-room, where
they construed it, after which he read
over the whole ; and how he did this
shall be repeated from Mr. Clare, who
has told it very happilv.^ — " No illus-
tration was withheld, no difficulty
unnoticed, no allusion to ancient
manners or customs unremarked,
no beauty of diction or sentiment
left unobserved, and no hint for
moral or mental improvement per-
mitted to pass without due regard;
and all this was done with such
friendly interest, such frank famili-
arity, and such condescending plea-
santry, that the boys actually look-
ed forward to the time of lesson as
to an hour of delight." And whilst
thus performing his part, how Was he
pleased, if any of his scholars well
performed theirs ! When an exercise
was correctly done, his praise was
not wanting ; but if it went beyond
correctness, and indicated talent, with
what pleasure would he declare his
approbation, and quitting th6 chair
with it in his hand, take it triumph-
antly to the junior masters, that they
too might be gratified. No teacher
ever commended more kindly, no one
ever felt truer interest in the welfare
of those whom he honoured with his
approbation. Never shall I forget
when my school-boy life Was over, and
my election to St. John's College ar-
ranged, the affectionate manner, in
which, coming out of the Election
Chapel, he told me to go into it and
hear my destiny, striking me playfully
on my shoulder with the collected
sleeve of his gown, and adding an
encomium, which it would be too vain
to repeat, though it was from him
* See Memoirs of Mr. Bishops pre-
fixed to his Foeticsl Woriu, in t#o Tob.
4to. by the Rer. Thomat CUi«» 1199* •
1840.] The Rev, S. Bishop,-^ Destruction of Exchequer Records. 489
too welcome not to sink deeply into
ray heart.
Of my contemporaries at Merchant-
Taylors', who shared the advantage of
Mr. Bishop's instruction and kindness,
the far greater part, alas ! have been
engulphed in the grave, several among
them having proved by their lives, that
the care of their excellent and be-
loved master had not been bestowed
on them in vain ; attaining to emi-
nence by their talents, and to high
respectability by their conduct. Among
these. Van Mildert, the distinguished
Bishop of Durham, may be enumer-
ated ; a few, however, still survive,
among whom is Carey, Bishop of
Worcester, and others, not without
distinction, and of unblemished cha-
racter ; and if any attestations were
wanting to my statement, I might con-
fidently appeal to them. Should some
of these have seen the attack on their
venerable and most kind instructor,
stigmatising him " as a cruel tyrant,"
the only reason why it has not been
already repelled, must be that it was
not thought worth while, when it was
considered by whom it was made.
Yet, as the book containing it is circu-
lating, having been commended by
some who usually influence public
opinion, the aspersion, if uncontradict-
ed, might be supposed to be not
wholly undeserved.
My object being to vindicate Mr.
Bishop's hitherto unattackcd reputa-
tion, I shall not trespass on much
more of your space, by remarking
the gross inaccuracy appearing in
the few pages containing the state-
ments of Charles Mathews, Come-
dian, on Merchant-Taylors' School.
Thus he talks of there being " six
forms only," when in fact there have
been always eight, though the Petty,
and Division, arc not numerically
named ; and, after mentioning " Gard-
ner," an amiable man, as lowest in
grade among the Masters when he
entered, immediately speaks of " Lord
as fourth Master," who should have
been described as third. Other mis-
takes occur about the latter ; but I re-
cur to my chief object, the vindication
of Mr. Bishop. Though speaking of
him hitherto chiefly as a schoolmaster^
it may be affirmed, that in other rela-
tive situations, his character was of
the most estimable kind. Had he
been " the cruel tyrant " which one
of his scholars, at that period of life,
by his own showing, an idle, mis-
chievous boy, describes him, somewhat
of the arrogance, injustice, and seve-
rity, mingled up necessarily in that
vile compound, would have been trace-
able in his clerical, matrimonial, and
parental relations ; but his ministerial
and domestic life was, it is well
known, of a directly opposite com-
plexion ; in the latter, especially* he
uniformly displayed that affectionate
tenderness by which his annual verses,
addressed to Mrs. Bishop, are so beaa-
ti fully adorned as to have gained a
strong hold on the recollection of their
readers. The two of these most cele-
brated, "A knife, my girl, cuts lovt,
they say," and " Thee, Mary, with
this ring I wed," after being fami-
liarised among past, will be perpe-
tuated among future generations. But
to say nothing of his printed Sermons,
which deserve great praise, his col-
lected poetry, as published by his
friend Mr. Clare, elevates him to the
first rank among the Epigrammatists
of our country, and well deserves, in
other respects, from its general excel-
lence, the eulogium prefixed to it, in
the edition specified, from one of his
own compositions.
" His verse still lives, his sentimait
still warms,
His lyre still warbles, and his wit stiU
charms."
Having merely performed an act of
justice, I am.
Yours, flee. JOHAIfNSNSIS.
THE DESTRUCTION OF EXCHEQUER RECORDS.
THAT weak and foolish man, Hugh
Peters, gravely proposed to the per-
sons engaged in remodelling the con-
stitution, after the death of Charles 1.
that they should destroy all the Re-
Gii«T. Mao. Vol. XIII.
cords, and settle the country upon a
new foundation. The suggestion was
deeded rather too violent, even at that
period, and it has remained a stigma
upon the memory of the fanatic from
3 R
490
Deairuction of Eit€hequ$r Records.
[May,
-whom it emanated^ aixd« as it might
have been hoped> a warning to aU
succeeding meddlers with public do-
cuments. It seems, however, that, in
these enlightened days, we do what
Peters merely proposed : not with his
view, indeed — there does not appear
to be either treason or madness in our
folly — but we destroy public docu-
ments of great interest and historical
value, for three reasons, 1. To save
the damp the trouble of destroying
them ; 2. That the public may pay the
expense of destroying them; and 3,
To put large sums of money into the
pockets of certain dealers in waste
paper and autographs.
In our last Magazine we stated all
that we could then discover respecting
this most extraordinary transaction.
Before we again go to press, probably
the Committee of Inquiry appointed
by the House of Lords will have made
its report, and we may then resume
the subject ; in the mean time, we are
enabled to lay before our readers a
few specimens of the kind of papers
which some enlightened persons think
it right to rescue from the economical
ravages of damp, in order that they
may be destroyed in another manner,
and at an expense of four or five hun-
dred pounds. We publish these, not
as the most valuable of the documents
saved from this worse than Vandal or
Mahometan destruction ; on the con-
trary, we have been told of papers of
far greater importance, some of which
have been purchased at very consi-
derable sums, but these are all that
are at present accessible to ua, and
we may safelv put it to all persons of
education, whether,— even supposing
that there were no documents de-
stroyed of greater value than the fol-
lowmg — it is creditable to us, as a
people, that cartloads of such monn-
ments of our past transactions should
be mutilated, destroyed, and sold to
fishmongers !
Among the documents stated to
have been " reserved " by the officers
employed in the work of destruction,
" as possessed not only of official but
general interest and value," one is
mentioned (see p. 413) under the title
of " Quarterly Returns of State Pri-
soners in the Tower," &c. from 1570,
to which is added the ominous word
"incomplete/* That the series may
well be incomplete will be evident,
when we state that the following do-
cument is one of those which found
its way to the fishmonger, having
been first torn directlj/ down the ndddh,
i$Uo two parUt so that it is by the
merest accident that it is again re-
united.
The demaundbs of S' Fraunces Jobson, knight, Liveten*nt of the Tower of
London : for the diettes and chargis of certein prisoners, there remayning, as
hereaff are perticulery declared, viz.
Arthube Poole. — Inp'mis, for the diettes and chargis of Arthure Poole,
beginninge the xxv^^ dale of June, 1568, and endinge the viij**» daie of October,
being xv wekes, at xiij" iiij** the weke, x" ; for one keper, at v" the weke, iij** xv* :
for fewell and candell, at iiij* the weke, iii" . . . xvj" xv*
Edmond Poole. — Item, for the like diettes and chargis of Edmonde Pool^
during all the sayd tyme and space, amounteth to the some of . xvj*' iV
Cornelius de Lannoy.— For the diettes and chargis of Cornelius de
Lannoy, begining thexxv*** of June, 1568, and endinge the viij»»» daie of Oc-
tober, being xv wekes, at xiij« iiij* the weke, x" ; for one keper at v" the weke,
W]^ xv« ; for fewell and candell, at iiij* the weke, iij» . . xrj" xf
Richard Cheiqhe.— For the diettes and chargis of Richard Creighe, be-
gininge the xxvii'** daie of June, 1568, and ending the x*** daie of October,
beinge xv wekes, at xiij' iiij** the weke, x" ; for feWell and candell, at iiij» the
weke, iij", amountinge to the some of xiij"
Sum 'a
Ixiij* V*
At the foot remains part q^tlie signature qf Fba[unci8 JoBSOif].
Indorsed, 1568. Bill of Ixiif v% for the diettes of certen prisoHetf in flM
1 810.] Specimens of the destroyed Exchequer Records. 49 1
Tower. Fraunc' Jobson milit' allocat' Ric' Camblcr termino Sc'i Mich'is
Arch'i ano x".
Arthur and Edward Poole were brothers, the nephews of Cardiaal Pole, and some
))articulars of the conspiracy for which they suffered imprisonment from the year
loGi to their deaths, will be found in the Archscologia, vol. xiii. j). 74.
Tlu ir plot is said to have been the very confused one of making Mary of Scotland
Queen of England, whilst Arthur Pole, the heir of the Plantagenct line, was to be
contented with the dignity of Duke of Clarence. Among the carvings left by captit es
in the Tower on their prison walls are some by both of these brothers : in one place
the eldest carved this sentence (apparently in allusion to his royal pretensions) : Deo*
SERVIRE * PENITBNTIAM INIRK * FATO * OBEOIRE * BEONARB EST. APoOLE. 1564.
Ills." In another:* "St)^. % V^B$i9%t ^txWXw^ MOiYittlz % Port PUft.'
j^tint. 'K". 1368. 'ftrttur pOOle, X4St. .^ue 37 (and his name again in cypher).*'
Kdmond Poole was ten years the janior of Arthur, as appears by his inscriptions :
in one placet " ^tj^* <BUt Aemlnaiit Silt %acbdmt^ in <Si;u{tatione inrte't.
«e. 21. ^. pQOle, «•. 1562.»» Again, t ** Preirfe'tia (afleurdelit) §txti. €br
mound Poolr, f utura • ;feprro. %^. 27, ^. p. SC«. 1668." And a third time,
*' EdMONdE PooLE." Both brothers died in the Tower, for in the chapel register
arc these entries, we suppose without dates, ** between the years 1565 and 1578.''§
** Mr. Arthur Poole buried in the cbappeU.'*
*' Mr. Arthur Poole's brother buried in the chappell."
The next documeDt we have to offer as Rabington's conspiracy and the trial
is one, which, though authenticated by of Mary Queen of Scots. It is in a
the signature of Lord Burgbley, re- mutilated state, but the greater part
latcs to events so utterly unknown to of the deficiencies may be readily con-
the officers of her Majesty's Exchequer jectored t— >
xxv° die Octobris Anno Regni D'ne n're Elizabeth R"« &c. xxix"».
Allowed unto John Puckering, one of her Maiestes sergiauntes at the
Lawe, by wave of Rewarde for his travell out of the countrie and attendaance
from the viij^^ of August untill the ix*^ of October Anno D'ni 1586, andforhya
paynes in and aboute thexaminac'ons indictmentes and trialls of Ballard, Ba-
bington, and the reste of that Conspiracye.
And for his travell chardges and paynes taken in the matter of the Queene
of Scottes at Fotheringhay.
And for his attendaunce travell and paynes taken in the Draught of the
Com'ission and sentence and in other the proceeding against the same Q. of
Scottes in the vacac'on and tearme.
To the above no ntnuare qfixed; but in another hand ii added thi/oltowing, fioip
par til/ torn away by the dutrQyere :•—
xxvij"° Octobr. 1587.
Allow and pay unto the said M' Serge [ante] Puckering in full 8atisfact[ion of]
the said charges and expences [the] some of one hundreth markes.
To Mr Ro. Pe[tre one of the] foare tellors of [the Exchequer] and to every
of them.
{signed) W. Buroblbt.
* Engraved in Archsologis, vol. ziii. pi. v. and Bsyley's History ot the Toweri
pi. xviii.
t Mr. Brand (Archaologia) did not eonneet the two parts of this inseriptioB to*
gether. In Mr. Bayley*s work, plate xviii. it is engraved complete ; but it is extra-
ordinary that that author did not recognise the weU-known text of Psalm cxxtL 6.
lie has printed it, " Dio eemin . . in lachrimie in exultatione meter. *^ And translated
it, " God sowcth in tears to reap in joy.*' I ! I (Hist, of the Tower, p. 161.)
t Of this third inscription (as of the last) the name and date only are engraved In
Archeologia, pi. li, and copied in Bayley*8 work. It is now published complete for
the first time. J. G. N.
§ ArehKol. aiii. 77.
492
Specimens of the destroyed Exchequer Records,
[May,
At thefooit in Mr. Petrels handf —
Mr. StoDley, I pray you make payment of this some. Robert Pxtrb.
Indorsed. 1587, Warrant for Mr. Serieant Puckeringe. § Ixvj" xiij* iiij*.
Sol' p. Stonley, et alio' in Termio Mich'is 1587 Annoq' xxix"« R»« Eliz'finieo'.
The VaUxNtguarde 250
The Aunswere
100
The Tremuntanb
.70
The Charles
.50
The Moone
.45
The Advise
.45
menn
560
[£. 8. d.}
^1722.00.00
The Quittance 100
The charge of a Paye to he made to all her Ma^' shippes servinge on the
Narrowe seas for iiij"' monethes and xj. dales Begunnc the firste of Maye
1595, and ended the laste of Auguste next following : Viz.
fFoT the Sea wages of 560 menne'
' serving her Ma"* on the Narrowe
seas under the charge of S' Henrie
Palmer knighte, by the space of
iiij*'' monethes xj dales Begunne
^ the first of Maye 1595 and ended
the laste of Auguste nexte follow-
inge (bothc dayes included) at
xiiij" every manne p. Mens. w'*»
is for every man ilj" xviij** And
.amountes to the some of J
rFor the Sea wages of 100 menne*
servinge her Ma*^ as aforesaide by
the space of iiij"' monethes xj
dayes, begunne the xxvj*'' of Aprill
^ 1595 and ended the daye above- ^320.00.00
saide, after the lyke rate of xiiij'
every raann p. mens, w*^ is for
every manne iij" iiij' and am*' to i
^the some of . . J
"For the Sea wages of 60 menne"
servinge her Ma^ in the Teigar
and the Sonne guarding the ryvers
of Theames and Medewaye at
Gravesend and Sha'pnesse by lyke ^]84. 00. 00
tyme of iiij'*' monethes xj dayes
begune and ended as abovesaide,
and after the lyke rate, the sOme i
.of ... J
"For the Seawages of 70 menne
servinge her Ma*'* in her highenes
saide shippe by the space of iij*
monethes begune the firste of
Maye 1595 and ended the xxiij"*
of Julye next followinge, bcinge
then appoynted to be discharged,
after the lyke rate, w*** is for every
manne xlij' and Amountes in the
whole to the some of
The Tieoar
The Sonne
40
20
i
The Scowtb
70 ^
M47. itam)
Seastore
LosiE of Boates^ &c.
^ For a Supplye of Sea store to all
y her Ma*«' shippes serving on the
( narrowe seas the some of (torn)
rFor the losse and spoile of Boates
I and Pynnaccs by reason of fowle
I and stormye weather since the
J firste [of] Maye laste, and for
trymmynge of sondry shippes
bo[ates] in divers places aloogest
the sea coast the e^me of (torn)
1 840.] Specimens of the destroyed Excheqner Records. 493
^For the charge of a Jeorney to the
Narrow [Seas with] her Ma**'
Treasure to make the saide Paye,
A Jeorney to Dover < and [the carriage] of the same
from London to Dover, or ells-
where [alongest the] coaste where
.the shippes shalbe, the some of {torn)
The lower part of the page it quite torn away.
Indorsed, Thoffice of the Shippes. The charge of a paye to all her Ma**"
shippes servinge on the Narrowe Seas, to ende the 31 Auguste 1595, 2540*^ — 03*.
— 04''. And then, in Lord Burghley's autograph, an order to pay this,
W. BURGHLEY.
Mensis Maij anno Regis Jacoby Decimo Octavo 1620.
Thomas Cooke one of the gromcs of the Prince his Chamber beinge sent in his
llighncs service by the com'and of M' Peter Newton, Gentellman Usher Daily
Waiter to the Prince his Highncs, of one messag from the Court at Grenwicn
to Whitebaell for his Highnes bowes & arrowes, w*^ service being Don he
Returned to the Court a foer said w*** answer, allso beinge sent a nother time by
the lick com'and from Whithalle to the Banckside to warn the M' of his
Highnes Barge to a tend at Lambeth that daye w*** one barge, w*^ service
beinge Don he Retorned to the Court a foer said w*^ answer, for w'^ services
he i)raieth to have a lowance for his boot hier and chargis to & fro for both
messages to be Rated by the honerable S' Robart Cary, Knight, Chamberlin to
the Prince his Highnes, & to be paid by the Right worshipfull S' Addam
Newton, Knight Baronet, Recevor Generall of his Highnes Tresur. ' viij*.
(signed) Ro : Gary.
This casual memorial of the youthful amusements of King Charles the First (at
this time twenty years of age) is written in a plain hand, the penmanship being su-
pcrior to the orthography. It was probably drawn by some " clerk of the cheque,*'
or official scrivener attached to the Prince's Household; and the amount of rewwd
allowed was apparently added by Sir Robert Cary (afterwards Earl of Monmouth)
when he signed the bill.
Again, among the documents " re- to 1675." Our present specimen is
served" (see p. 414) are returns of not from those " reserved, " hot from
the " Number cf Persons touched for the other documents which were
the King's Kvil, and Medals delivered "carefully examined and mutilated"
to the same. Signed by the Clerk of (sec p. 413), and its date is a little
the Closet. Various dates, from 1669 earlier : —
The Right hon^'* the Lords Com'iss" of the Treasury, having required from
time tu time an Account of the numbers touched by his most sacred Ma**^
for the Kvill, and ordered that it be delivered into the Excheq' These arc to
certifie That upon Friday the sixth day of March 1667 there were touch't One
hundred Thirty and Three Persons, and so many healing Medalls given.
(signed) Walt : Oxon
Gierke of y Closett.
Indorsed, Healing Medalls J. Knioiit, scrjeant Chyrurgion.
6th March 1667.
The first signature is that of Dr. Walter Blandford, Bishop of Oxford, and after-
wards Bishop of Worcester.
To the right Hono^** Thomas Earle of Southampton, Lord High Treasurer
of England.
The humble Petic'on of Edward Cocker,
SiiEWETii, That, about six months since. His Ma'^ was gratiously pleased
to accept of yo' Petic'on** writing, and to grant him a Privy Seale for 150' to
encourage his further Progress in the Arts of Writing and Engraving, which
he was never taught.
494
Specimem of the destroyed Exchequer Records,
Otay,
And your Ilono" Pclic'oncr, by reason of extrcame want and necessity,
being hlndred of performing such Workcs as he humbly conceives would be to
the honour of the King and the good of his Ma**" Kingdomes.
Yo' llono'' I'ctic'oner doth therefore humbly beseech your Hono' to order
his immediate receipt of the said 1 50^ whereby he may be enabled to proceed
in the aforesaid curious Arts, and releevc his present necessities.
And the Petic'oner shall ever pray, &c.
The date of this Petition mubt be placed between Sept. B, 1660, when the Earl of
Southampton wai appointed Lord High Treasurer, and May, 1667, the time of his
death. According to Alex. Chalmers, the best account of Cocker is to be found in
Massey's " Origin and Progress of Letters,'' and some further particulars were com-
municated by Mr. Halliwell to our Magazine for May 1839, p. 496. This renowned
calligrapher, who appears to have valued himself more highly on his Writing than
his Arithmetic, not prescient of the verdict of (the bookseUers of) posterity, died in
1677, and was buried in St George's, Southward. Mr. HaUiwell, in his letter, has
quoted Manning's History of Surrey, as stating ''that the tombstone of Cocker was
then [by which must be understood the time of Manning's writing] in St. Gteorge'a
church ; " but it does not appear there was ever any inscribed stone; on the con-
trary, it is stated there was none. The words in the History of Surrey are, " In the
passage .... are the remains," — an expression by no means dear, and the authority
for which should have been given. We have traced it out, and now preaent it to
Mr. Halliwell : " In the Passage at the W. end within the Church, near the School,
was buried (as I am told by the Sexton) the famous Mr. Edward Cocker, a Person
well skilled in all the parts of Arithmetick, as appears by his Books, and the late in-
genious Mr. John Collini, F.R.S. his testimony of one of them. He was alto the
most eminent Composer and Engraver of Letters, Knots, and Flourishes in his time.'*
Edw. Hatton's New View of London, 1708, p. 347 ; where see further what it laid of
Mr. John Hawkine, author of Clavia Comercii.
Even the following affidavit, though deathbed — our readers will recollect
it may detail no new fact, is not how memorable a deathbed, of the
without interest as connected with the once gay and witty Earl of Rochester :
Sarah Blancourt, late servant of John Earle of Rochester deceased, maketh
oath that shee this Deponent did see & was p'sent att the death of the said
John Earle of Rochester, who departed this life on the Twenty- sixth dsy of
July last past, about Two of the Clock in the morning of the same day.
(Signed) Sarah Blanooukt.
Jurat' Nono die Novembris, Anno D'ni 1680, cor'
(Signed) W. Mounta»v.
Indoned, Cert, of the Earle of Rochester's death. Obijt 26 July, 80.
Our extracts will conclude with
another memorial of an eminent au-
thor, recording a Free Gift bestowed
by King George the First on Sir Rich-
ard Steele. It was formerly the prac-
tice of the Crown to confer such
favours at pleasure, without creating an
annual pension. Lists of the Free Gifts
during the greater part of the reign of
King James the First, were publuhed
in "Truth brought to Light by Time,"
and they have been reprinted, with
biographical notes, under the respec-
tive years, in Nichols's " Progresses,
&c. of King James the First." When
they ceased we are not aware.
Richard Stbel, Esqr.
Order is taken this x*** day of Jan% 17] 4, By virtue of his Ma** Gen"* Lr'es
of privy Scale, bearing date the 29*^ Sept', 1714, And in pursuance of a
Warrant under his Ma" Royall Signe Manual dated the 6*^ instant. That
>ou deliver and pay of Such his Ma*» Treasure as remaines in your charge
unto Richard Steel, Esq. or to his Assignes, the sume of Five Handfed
pounds, without account, as of his Ma*y' free Guift and Royall Bounty, and
these, together with his or his Assignes Acquittance, Shall be your '"* '
herein.
1840.]
Sak by Auction of the Exchequer Recorde.
495
[The iiffnaturet of the Lords qf the Treatury signing thii order have been
broken off.]
Receipt indorsed, 12 Jan'y, 1714, Received the full contents of this order,
per Die, Richard Steele.
Witness, J. Fox, H. Collet.
In illustration of this docmnent it may be remarked that its date is that of the
height of Sir Richard Steele's success as a political writer, as will be seen by refer-
ence to the Biographia Britannica. King George (whose accession was on the Ist
of August preceding) had already rewarded him with the place of Surreyor to the
Royal Stables at Hampton Court, and a license for being Chief Manager of the Royal
Company of Comedians. This license bore date Oct. 18, and on the 19th Jan. fol-
lowing (a few days only after the date of the present grant,) Mr. Steele exchanged it
for a patent appointing him Goyemor of the same Company during his life, and to his
executors, administrators, and assigns, for the space of three years afterwards. The
biographer also proceeds to mention that in August 1715 he received five hundred
pounds from Sir Robert Walpole for special services. The authority quoted for
this fact is the Report of a Select Committee of the House of Commons, so long
after as 1741 and 1742, where, "In a table of monies expended by Sir Robert Wal-
pole, among other articles, there is one for special services, in which is the following
article ; Aug. 27, 1715, 500/. to Leonard Welstead, Esq, But this gentleman some
years declared, that he received the money for Sir Richard Steele, and paid it to him.
(C ommunicated by Mr. Walthoe, Alderman of St. Alban*s.)" Whether Sir Richard
received two sums of 500/., one in Jan. 1714-15 and another in Aug. following, and with
what other grants or pensions he and the other political writers of the day were, from
time to time, rewarded by Sir Robert Walpole, it would have gratified the inquirers
into biographical and literary history to have ascertained : but under present circum-
stances we must be contented to gather up merely the crumbs which have fallen on the
way to the pig-stye.
We may here mention that the two
papers relating to Cocker and Sir
Richard Steele were rescued from the
general destruction by a gentleman,
who, with the view of increasing his
collection of Autographs, has been at
the trouble of looking over a very
lar^e mass of the mutilated papers,
from which he tells us he has "se-
lected upwards of one hundred and
fifty pounds weight of paper, each
sheet or scrap of which contained
much curious and interesting matter,
or the autograph signature of some
eminent person." A "Literary Hu-
mane Society " ought to be founded
for the occasion, in order to reward
such meritorious services with a first-
class gold medal ; but, until this be
done, we can only oflfer him and
the two other friends to whom we
have been indebted for the preceding
papers, our best thanks, on the part
of every historian and biographer pre-
sent and to come.
Hcforc we conclude, we must record
that a whole day's sale of these " care-
fully mutilated" papers took place in
the auction-room of Mr. S. Leigh
Sotheby on the 1 1th of April. They
chiefly consisted of Treasury warrants
and receipts, which were curious only
from their signatures ; but such papers
as these were sold at prices ranging
from two to ten shillings apiece. We
will specify a few of the more impor-
tant lots : —
9. Three documents of the expenses of
William Davison, Esq. her Majesty's
Agent in the Low Countries, in 1577.
Sold for W. If.
27. An order signed by ten members of
the Privy Conncil for repayment to the
Earl of Hertford, Lieutenant of Somerset,
the sum due to the County for levying and
clothing troops, 3 Nov. 1616. 3/. 15f.
28. A similar order of Cmmcil for re-
paying to Edm. Nicholson his disburse-
ments in levying and clothing troops em-
barked at Bristol for Ireland ; dated 28
Feb. 1601. 1/. If.
32. A warrant signed by fifteen Privy
Councillors for the payment of 3000/. to
Sir John Fortescne, late Master of the
Wardrobe, *' for things neeeisarie for the
Coronation *' of James I, \ dated 1 Mar.
1G03. 91. 6f.
43. Five docnments relating to Theo-
bald's Park, 1617, 1622, and 1634. 2/.2t.
48. The charges for the entertainment
of Sir Peter Paul Rubens, 22 Feb. 1626 ;
and an order for 300/. expended in enter-
taining the Spanish ambassadors, &c.
1630. 1/. 16f.
55. The Book of Reparations of the
Csstks of Montorgttell and Elisabeth in
Jersey^ signed by Bishop Jaxon; 1637*
\h9s.
496
Lines to Eton, by the Marquess Wellesley.
IMay,
69. Order of Council, with the order of
President Bradshawe, 1659; and another.
Ms.
73. Account of the Reparations of the
Cockpit Lodgings, for the Duke of Albe-
marle, Keeper of St. James's Park,
16^2-3 ; and two others. W. 2«.
82. An assiicnment of monies to Robert
Ryves, by *♦ Wiliam Penn," the Foun-
der of Pennsylvania, 1671. W. 16«.
93. An authority by James Duke of
Monmouth and Buccleuch, Master of the
Horse, authorising Francis Watson his
attorney, to receive two sums of 8000/.
and 2000/. granted to the Duke by the
King, 1676. 2/. 2*.
96. A warrant to issue Tallys under the
Great Seal for paying the yearly rent of
25003/. 9». Ad. to Sir Robt. Viner, Knt.
and Bart, allowed under the Act for taking
away the Court of Wards, 1677. 12t.
112. A receipt of Elionora Gwynn, for
500/. towards the support of herself and
Charles Duke of St. Alban*s, for one
quarter ended at Christmas, 1688. l/.3#.
1 42. An Exchequer acquittance for mo-
nies received for the Mint, 1718, with the
signature of Sir Isaac Newton. 1/. It.
171 . A bull of Leo X , I5I7, with the
autograph of his Secretary, Cardinal
Bembo ; and a bull of Adrian VL, 1522,
addressed to Henry VIII.
POETRY.
LINES TO ETON.
By the Marqubss Wblleslxy.
ME, when thy shade, and Thames's meads and flowers
Invite to soothe the cares of waning age.
My Memory bring to me my long past hours.
To calm my soul, and troubled thoughts assuage !
Come, parent Eton 1 turn the stream of time
Back to thy sacred fountain crowned with bays !
Recall my brightest, sweetest days of prime 1
When all was hope, and triumph, joy, and praise.
Guided by thee I raised my youthful sight
To the steep solid heights of lasting fame.
And hailed the beams of clear ethereal light.
That brighten round the Greek and Roman name.
Oh blest instruction ! friend to generous youth.
Source of all good 1 you taught me to entwine
The Muse's laurel with eternal truth.
And wake the lyre to strains of faith divine.
Firm, incorrupt, as in life's dawning morn.
Nor sway'd by novelty, nor public breath ;
Teach me, false censure and false shame to scorn.
And guide my steps through honour's paths to death.
And thou Time-honoured fabric, stand I a tower
Impregnable, a bulwark of the state t
Untouched by visionary folly's power.
Above the vain, and ignorant, and great.
The mighty race with cultur'd minds adorn.
And Piety, and Faith ; congenial pair 1
And spread thy gifts through Ages yet unborn.
Thy country's pride, and Heaven's pare&tal ciit.
6
W.
497
REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
The New General Biographical Dic-
tionary, projected and partly or-
rnnged by the late Rev. Hugh J.
Rose, B.D.: Edited by the Rev.
Ilenrv J. Rose, B.D. 8vo. 1839—40.
Parts L^ir. being Vol, L
[Reviewed by a CorrespoDclent.]
IT cannot fail to be a source of gra-
tification to every lover of sound
literature, notwithstanding the great
and prevailing taste for vulgar fic-
tion which forms the disgraceful cha-
racteristic of the present age, — to per-
ceive in the reading world a growing
fondness for biographical composi-
tions. When Chaucer, Spenser, Shak-
speare, Milton, died, their contem-
poraries did not care to inform us
even of the leading features of their
lives ; but now, where is the little
great man who quits the scene without
a memoir ? Even Grimaldi's memory
is embalmed in two thick 8vo. vo-
lumes ; and we look forward (not
without alarm) to the day when the
very scene- shifters of the theatre will
find appropriate chroniclers. Mean-
time, of the great of modern days, it
may be safely declared that a lifetime
would be insufficient for the perusal
of their several biographies. The
two solid quarto volumes, it is true,
have disappeared, but they have left
behind a more numerous progeny ; so
that it has become an act of injus-
tice to transmit the memory of an es-
teemed wiiter to posterity in less
than six closely printed octavo volumes,
luxuriously bound, and still more
luxuriously embellished.
That a Dictionary of General Bio-
graphy should have been projected,
while the public showed itself so ripe
for Biography in particular, is but
natural ; and we have accordingly
seen two such schemes announced.
Little can be said concerning that
which Mr. Murray, in conjunction
with " our brothers in the Row," has
in contemplation ; since nothing be-
yond an advertisement has hitherto
appeared. Concerniog tht other Dic-
GiMT. Mao. Vol. XUI.
tionary, "projected and partly ar-
ranged by the Rev. Hugh James Rose,
and conducted by the Rev. Henry
John Rose," his brother, we propose
saying a few words. But before doing
so, it may not be improper to oflfer
some preliminary suggestions concern-
ing the nature and true objects of a
Biographical Dictionary.
Now, it is not difficult to sketch out
to one's self the outline of a scheme,
which seems calculated to ensure the
production of an almost perfect
Dictionary ; and we have sometimes
indulged ourselves with the idea
that the time has arrived when such
a seeming desideratum might be ob-
tained. The continental lives, we
have thought, should be contributed
by continental literati, — translated,
and incorporated into the great mass
of lives which the annals of our own
country and the records of anti«
quity would supply. Of British wor-
thies, not one, of course, should be
suffered to escape. Contributors on
the several subjects of divinity, sci-
ence, the fine arts, letters, arms, law,
and physic might be instructed to
omit from their catalogues no name
on which fame had smiled ever so
faintly. The memorable brave who
fell in any action ; the divine who had
published a single sermon ; the lite-
rary man who had been guilty of a
single book ; the poet who had perpe-
trated a solitary copy of verses, and
those signed with his initials alone ;
the lawyer who had pressed the
bench at any period, however remote;
the author of a single discovery;
all these, we have sometimes thought,
should be recorded. Nay, in so hoge
a temple of Fame, even local wor-
thies might find a niche. To have
been painted by Vandyck or Sir
Joshua might perhaps be considered
to constitute a sufficient pretext for
admission. While it must be super-
fluous to add, that, of the truly great,
the lives should be original compila-
tions— at once critical and copious.
3S
498 Review. — The New General Biographical Dictionary, [May,
A little reflection, however, will
suffice to expose the impracticability
of such a scheme as we have been
sketching in outline. The mere me-
chanical obstacles which present them-
selves at the very outset, would be al-
most insurmountable. The vigilance
which suffices for the control of a small
platoon of contributors, would prove
wholly ineffectual when a large host
of writers called for its inspections ;
and we can conceive that about the
same unity of purpose would ulti-
mately result from their united efforts,
as would be manifested in an edifice
of which the stones came from Egypt,
the sculptures from Greece, and the
bricks from Babylon.
We are content, however, to aban-
don this view of the question ; and
feel rather inclined to take up higher
ground. Let it be conceded, for
argument's sake, that such a work
as we have been imagining were ex-
ecuted. The difficulties to be over-
come, numerous and gigantic as they
are, do not amount to actual impossi-
bilities. By dint of correspondence
and deliberation ; by an extremely ju-
dicious selection of writers, and the
exercise of great precaution before their
labours were printed, it is possible
that a work might be produced which
should be as nearly perfect as a ne-
cessarily imperfect work can be. But
in how many hundred closely printed
volumes would such a work be com-
prised ? and who could afford to
buy it ?
A still more important inquiry to
be answered is, — who would use such a
Biographical Dictionary when he had
houyht it f and it is to this question
that we desire to draw attention. We
maintain that a Dictionary such as
we have been describing is not a de-
sideratum in literature. What in
Germany would be called a hand-hook,
and what Englishmen should be con-
tent to call a manual, would be of
ten times the utility. Universal Bio-
graphical Dictionaries never have been,
nor ever will be appealed to as au-
thorities ; and the real use and object
of such compilations cannot be too
distinctly borne in mind. They are
useful only as works of casual refer'
ence. They are to be resorted to only
for general information, or as a pre-
liminary step to more minute in-
quiry. They supply the leading oat-
lines ; and do more than is reqaired of
them, when they enter into minate
particulars. The date of a man's birth
and death, (and still more frequently
only the approximate period of either,)
together with his profession or calling;
a general notion of what he was par-
ticularly famous for, and a hint at
the sources where more information
is to met with : — this is all we seek
in a Biographical Dictionary. A mo-
nograph of every individual would
not only be impossible, bat it is not
desired; and why? simply because
<(f every individual which that Die^
iionary comwiemorates, a better accmad
may in ninety-nine cases out of a k»m»
dred, be easily found elsewhere.
Little need be said to coofioce an
unprejudiced reader of the jostica of
these remarks. Who that desires co-
pious and accurate infonoatioii con-
cerning Lord Bacoo, would rest till
he had consulted Basil Montagu i or
of Johnson, till he had read BloaweU,
— aye, and Croker's Boswell too ? or
of Goldsmith, till he had ponesaed
himself of Prior's Volumes ? For letter
worthies, who does not know where
to look with more hope of tatitfactory
information than in the paget of a
Biographical Dictionary? When m
have obtained from this tonrre the
fact that auch an one was a Pope or a
Cardinal, who that lovet Biography
knows not that the laboriout work of
Ciaconius is almost sure to supply
more satisfactory information than it
to be met with elsewhere? Was a man
remarkable at Oxford ? He is to be
found in Wood's Athene. Is it a re-
cent virtuoso, concerning whom we
desire to know something,— such sen
as Lodge and Douce, (tfaoa|^ the
natnes go ill together,) —the obituaries
which are monthly and yearly put
forth, are sure to be more satisfactory.
Collections of Lives of any parti-
cular set of men — churchmen-—
statesmen — ^poets — painters; lires of
the worthies of any particolar county;
the biographical notices which so often
precede a certain class of works, an-
cient and modern ; such writers m
Lloyd and Fuller ; these, and such as
these, are the sources to which we
confidently refer; sources whidi bo
universal oompiiatioB can ev«r super-
sede, or erea compete with.
1840. ]RfiyiEw. — The Ntw General Biographical Didtonary. 499
Having premised thus much of Bio-
graphical Dictionaries in general, wc
do not hesitate to say of the specimen
before us, that, in design, it approaches
as nearly to our standard of useful-
ness and excellence as we expect to
sec attained by such a compilation.
The principal lives are copious enough
to be entertaining ; and yet not so co-
pious as to threaten an interminable
work. In a numerical point of view,
as we shall presently show, the range
of names is immense. The English
lives are, as they should be, more full
than the continental ones ; and those
of the most conspicuous characters
frequently posssss considerable merit :
while a manly and religious tone of
sentiment pervades the whole work.
It is time, however, to descend from
generalities to a few particulars.
We have before us the four first
parts of the Dictionary whose title pre-
cedes this notice; and these four
parts, — ending with a life of Lord
Anson, complete the first volume of
the work. Within the same range of
the alphabet, Chalmers celebrates
about 750 names ; Rose's work com-
prises memoirs of at least 1900. A
vast accession to our biographical
stores we were led to expect ; but we
anticipated nothing like this, it may
be some explanation to the circum-
stance to point out that several new
continental dictionaries have been, in
the present work, for the first time,
laid under contribution ; we allude to
the Zeiti^cnoHsrn, Wolff's Encyclopa-
die, and Tipaldo's Hiografia, — whence
a large body of German and Italian
notices are derived. Concerning the
system on which Mr. Rose has pro-
ceeded in the selection of his names,
wc shall allow him to say a few words
for himself.
" His object has been, in general, to
exclude all such names as are likely to
prove of so little interest as seldom to be
referred to. This is a limit which each
man draws for himself, and no man will
cunwider the line drawn by another to
form the exact boundary rcnaired. The
editor belieres that he has offended rather
more frequently by admittim^ too many
nameit, than by the omission of those
which ought to be found in a work like
thifl. The number in the present volume
i% far beyond that found in any amilar
work, not excepting the Biograpbie Uni.
verselle.
"It will be seen that all Scnpture
names are excluded. The reasons for
such a course are so obvious, that it can
hardly be necessary to dwell upon them.
To transcribe the Bible would be super-
fluous, for it is hoped that every cottage in
the kingdom possesses that book ; and to
state more or less than the Holy Spirit
has thought fit to lay before man would
only lead to error. It is quite sufficient
to read any work which professes to give
the Bible history in a different form, to be
satisfied on this point.
*' It may be desirable to make a brief
statement also concerning the historical
names found in this volume. It appeared
undesirable to fill up space, which can ill
be spared, by information easily to be
found in Hume, Gibbon, Robertson, or
other equally common histories, and in all
of them with greater detail and consecu-
tiveness than can be attained in a General
Dictionary. But still, many reasons ren-
dered it advisable not wholly to omit such
names. They have accordingly been in-
troduced, but with only a slight outline,
and a reference to other histories (e. g,
see Andronicus). In those countries,
however, whose history is less known,
rather more detail has been allowed.
" In the first instance, some difficulties
having occurred with regard to the Ori-
ental names, the editor* s attention was
particularly called to that department, and
special arrangements have since been made,
which will, he hopes, render that portion
of the work original, authentic, and highly
interesting. He appeals to the lives of
Amr Ebn Al-as, ^c. in confirmation of
this assertion. The only oriental lives
treated of at any great length previously,
had been Ali and Akdar.
" With regard to the relative length of
articles, and the minuteness of informa«
tion desirable in these works, each person
will form his own judgment. Every one
conceives a sort of ideal model of what
such a book should be; and this ideal
model remains quite perfect, — till its au-
thor attempts to put it into execution,"
(Preface, vii — ix.)
The manifest superiority of many of
the articles in this dictionary over the
corresponding memoirs in the Biogra-
pbie Universelle and in Chalmers, will,
if the same excellence be maintained
throughout the subsequent volumes*
set it immeasurably above both those
works. We allude particularly to
such lives as those of Aldhun, Ai-
DA.f , Alxxanoxr of TsALUM and
500 Review. — The New General Biographical Didionary, [May,
Alexander of Aphrodicia ; all of
'which are either sadly blundered, or
exceedingly ill done, both in Chal-
mers and in the French work. The
life of Sir Thomas Allen is not only
new, but curious ; and there is a valu-
able notice of Alkindi, an Arabian
physician, of whom Chalmers takes
no notice. In these pages we are
glad to see many names, which ob-
tain undue space in Chalmers, con-
fined within reasonable limits,— -Amo-
rt and Airman for example. The
latter, a small Scotch portrait painter,
obtains from his countryman as much
notice as if he had been a Gainsbo-
rough or a Lawrence ; " his touches,"
we are told, "had neither the force
nor the hamhness of Rubens." We
recognize a skilful hand in not a few
of the classical articles, — as Ammia-
Nus Marcellinus, Alexander Se-
verus, Livius Andronicus, and
Alexander the Great. The scho-
larship they display distinguishes them
from the vulgar compilations, miscall-
ed " classical," which we generally
meet with in dictionaries ; while their
originality and research render them
valuable additions to our biographical
stores.... In a still more difficult
branch, — the Hebrew lives, — there
are marks of a learned pen : we appeal
to the memoirs of Akiba and Anan.
Our limits forbid a critical comparison
of Rose with Chalmers and the Biogra-
phie Universelle ; but we recommend
those who are curious in the depart-
ment of literature to which these lives
belong, to institute the comparison for
themselves. Rabbi Akiba is unsatis-
factorily dealt with in both the last-
named works ; and by Chalmers his
history has been mistaken and blun-
dered : while the name of Anan is
mentioned by neither. Nor do we al-
lude to these circumstances in order to
disparage the two works alluded to ;
but rather because we are anxious to be-
stow on Mr. Rose's volume the praise
due to it, of originality, research, and
pains-taking ; even in a department
where error is likely to be little scruti-
nized, and accuracy to be but rarely
appreciated.
Alberoni and Abdelmumen among
the Spanish ; Alessi and Ammanati
among the architectural lives, are en-
titled to considerable praise ; and it
would be unjust to witUiold our dis-
tinct commendation on the laborioas
articles on Abbott, Abernbtby^ Ad-
dison, Ambrose, and Anbon, We
cannot afford the necessary space
which a critical examination of these
remarkable names would require ; bat
it may be remarked in passing that the
professional knowledge they display
gives the notices of Alessi and Amma-
nati considerable value : Alberoni and
Abernethy are agreeably written, and
show familiarity with the subject.
The former is perhaps too discursively
written ; but Abernethy is discussed
in extremely good taste. Much that
is valuable appears in the life of Abp.
Abbot ; the length of which we are
inclined to excuse in consideration of
the curious ecclesiastical particulars it
developes, and the MS. sources of in-
formation to which it points. The
life of Addison is a truly valuable mo-
nograph of that gentle philosopher;
that of Ambrose is so full of learning
and research, that a mere examination
of the authorities quoted at the foot of
every page is a sufficient commentary
upon the spirit in which it has been
compiled ; and the life of the great
circumnavigator, Anson, which exhi-
bits here and there the asperities of a
professional pen, may be not dis-ad-
vantageously perused, together with
the able volumes of his recent biogra-
pher. Sir John Barrow. We dismiss
these minuter strictures on the work
before us with a particular commen-
dation of the remarks on the philosophy
of Abelard ; as well as certain ob-
servations of a similar nature in the
life of Guillaumb db St. Amour,
which are learnedly and ably written.
That a work so voluminous should
contain blemishes, is to be expected ;
and the critic would ill discharge his
duty if he bestowed unqualified praise
on the specimen before him. It is
much to be regretted that the dates
have been omitted in some of the
lives, — an omission which materially
detracts from their interest and use-
fulness. In the memoir of Allbn the
actor, an apocryphal story is intro-
duced, which we noticed with the
more displeasure, because it regards
Shakspeare as much as Allen. There
are also, here and there, slips of the
pen to be detected; but there is a
visable and progressive improTement
in each succeeding Dumber | and wt
1840.]
Review —Parker's Glossary of Archiieclure.
501
are willing to believe that as the work
advances, these will be less and less
apparent. So vast an undertaking in
its iirbt stages is exposed to numerous
practical sources of error, which when
the system of the work becomes more
perfectly organized, may be readily
obviated. Far from important, and
better deserving of being brought into
prominent notice, do we hold the ge-
neral complexion of the work to be :
of this, we are able to speak in the
highest praise ; and indeed of this the
editor's character is the best gua-
rantee.
We take leave of the subject with
the following specimen of criticism,
which not unfairly represents the
texture of similar portions of the
work. The writer is speaking of
Akcnsidc's Pleasures of the Imagi*
nation : —
" It is rather an eulogy on mental plea-
^u^ci<, than on pleasures of the imagina-
tion in particular. The beginning and
the end,— (the eulogy on nature, as the
expression of what God loves.) — arc the
most agreeable parts of it ; at least they
are the simplest. The vision of Har-
niodius, in the second book, is as heavy
as allegory can make it ; although, per-
haps, not so dull as the episode of Solon
in the third book of the improved poem.
Indeed, however extraordinary the poem
niiiv appear, as the work of a yoimg man
of twenty-three, it has httle to make it
f^enerally and permanently acceptable. Its
subject precludes its general popularity
with ordinary people ; and with the higher
el.iji> of minds, the deficiency caused by
confining it» contemplations to this world
nione will always le-ivc an unsatisfactory
impression. It is written in the conven-
tiouHl language of the classical school, and
belongs to the didactic and descriptive
class of poems. It will always maintain
a certain reputation, and it will always be
more praised than read."
Ctlossary of Termt used in Grecian,
Hnmnn, Italian, and (iothic Architec-
turr. The third Edition, with 700
icood'Cittt, 8l'o.
THK improvements which have been
made in the successive editions of this
very pleasing work, evince the great
care which hai been taken by tlie
publisher to repay the extensive patron-
age it has received, by increasing its
utility and value. The present edition
has been enriched by variout original
contributions by many eminent anti-
quaries. Mr. Twopeny has supplied the
article on Domestic Architecture ; Mr.
Willement that on Stained Glass ; Mr.
Bloxam contributes the account of
Saxon Architecture; and Mr. Way
has written copiously on the subject
of Tiles and Sepulchral Brasses. Mr,
Bloxam's article on Saxon Architec-
ture relates to that description which
is known by the quoins of its masonry
being formed alternately of long and
short stones ; it contains, probably,
all that has been published on that
peculiar, though rude, mode of con*
struction. The merit of drawing at-
tention to the style lies with Mr.
Ricktnan, but much still remains to be
done in elucidation of its peculiarities.
Mr. Way's note on Sepulchral Brasses
would form the ground-work for an
essay on this very interesting class of
antiquities. In allusion to a very
beautiful class of Brasses, the existing
specimens of which, at Lynn, St. Al-
ban's, &c. are enumerated by Mr.
Way, — and to which he might have
added another very little known, that
of Ralph Kneventon, at Aveley
Church, Essex, — it is assumed that
all the known specimens are the work
of one hand, and that they were im-
ported from Flanders. Much of the
value of these subjects, as authority
for costume, would be lost if they are
of foreign workmanship; and when
we sec only in the specimens adduced
a space of sixteen years occurring in
the date, we cannot readily fall iuto the
conclusion that all arc the work of one
hand. There can be little doubt that
the covering of the whole plate with
imagery, as in the Lynn specimeni^
was in imitation of the Mosaic work
of the Greeks, and w^e fully agree with
Mr. Way in tracing the parentage of
these curious specimens to the great
fountain of art in the middle ages,
Constantinople.
The latest brass existing in this
country, is in all probability that of
Archbishop Harsnet at Chigwell, 1631 ;
but wc learn from Mr. Wajr, that the
use of brass memorials is stiU in prac-
tice abroad.
** On the Continent the engraving of
sepulchral brasses cannot be considered an
art deperditm, a noble brass of full size
having been engraved as late M lt^7 at
602 Review.— TA^ Fabric and Gkbe ^ & Mary Aliermary. [May,
Cologne, as the memorial of the lata were takea down were built on the
Archbishop ; it is to be seen in the mid- glebe, and the site has been purchased
die of the choir there." by the Commissioners of Sewert aod
The great number of additional Pavements, for the purpose of widen-
speciraens given in this edition are of >»« Watling Street. The Rector, Dr.
the highest interest ; they have been Wilson, (whose name is already well
selected with care and judgment, from known in Antiquarian Literature, by
a multitude of ancient structures scat- hishistory of Merchant-taylors'School,
tered over the country. The drawings and of the parish of St. Laurence Pount-
are in general of a very superior de- ii«y* &c.) has not allowed this import,
scription, and the execution of the wood ant alteration, and the consequent dis.
engravings is highly creditable to Mr. closure of the ancient wall, to past over
Jewitt. without record, and has added this
. short but well -written essay to the
Brief Notices of the FUbrk and GUhe """'^ library of London Topography.
i c,. ,, ^ "« x-"./ T J at the same time the author has pro-
i fi' /% ^"^IT^n T^n • °»i««d ''^ the event of a second edition
By the Rev H. B. Wilson, D.D., y^^.^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ .^^^^^ ^^
!'.:>. A., Hector. ^^^^ ^^-^^^ notices, with additions,
IN consequence of the removal of from his MS. Collections, on the
several houses which screened the subject of his parish,
north side of this Church from obser- Upon the name of the church, the
vation, the external wall of the edifice Doctor observes, that it is known by
was exposed, and shewed some re- the adjunct Aldermary or Oldermary, to
mains of masonry which appeared to be the oldest church in London called
have belonged to the old Church. Mr. by the name of St. Mary. And he
Thomas L. Walker, the architect who adds — " At the same time it would be
was employed by the Rector to survey uncandid to suppress the following
this part of the Church, has favoured MS. note which occurs in one of the
us with his observations on the archi- copies of Hatton's View in the British
tecture of the structure, which will Museum: — 'It is dedicated to the
be found below.* The houses which companion of Mary Magdalene, whom
* Mr. Walker's communication has been some time in type, but was omitted for
want of room. We now append the substance of it here :
*' In rebuilding the Church after the me- *' The rebuilding is clearly defined by the
morable Fire of London, it seems that rough masonry of the wall above the
Sir Christopher Wren not only retained level of the string course, and this wiU
the original line of the north wall, but, seems to have been intended at the time
finding it unnecessary to pull it entirely as a party wall between the Church and
down, left it untouched as far up as a the Glebe Houses, not only on account of
string course which formerly ran along its not having been faced, but also on sc-
the whole length of the Church under the count of the entire absence of openings
sills of the windows of the north aisle ; for light, the north aisle being lighted
traces of which are perfectly discernible from above. The north doorway with its
to an eye familiar with the remains of an- discharging arch in rough masonry is evi-
tiquity, from the north-east angle of the dently an insertion in the original wall,
building to the north doorway. The ori- and the recesses over the doorway teem
ginal buttresses still remain with the to have been intended as cupboards for the
string course profiled around them ; they adjoining house, as the masonry of their
are five in number, and in one or two arches is coeval with that of the discban-
places, the face of their ashlar is as per- ing arch over the doorway. Before the
feet as when first worked. The original fire, I have no doubt but that this wall
basement moulding can also be traced ; was quite unincumbered by any buildings,
and the original ashlar of the whole of this first, because the ashlar, now remaining,
wall still remains from the level of the still shews a fair face ; secondly, because
ground to that of the string course men- the remains of the buttresses still exist ;
tioned, and, indeed a small portion of it and thirdly, because the basement mould-
is left some five or six feet above the ing and the string course, both exterior
string course, immediately ai^oining the features, can be dearly pointed out*
easternmost buttress. There must therefore have been a spacsi'
1 840.] Review.— Wtf Fabric and Glebe of St. Mary Aldermary. 503
St. Matthew calls the other Mary, She
was the mother of JamoB and Joses,
ch. xxvii. verses 53 and 61, id est,
Sancta Maria altera Maria.' " But the
conjecture appears to be very far fetched,
and among the many deeds written in
the Latin language which have
at different times come under the
Rector's notice, he has not met with
one that affords it any support. We
think the derivation more fanciful than
correct. We trust Dr. Wilson will, in
his sL>cond edition, be able to give his
illustration of the benefactor, "Richard
ChaircPT, vintner, who was buried in
the church in 1348." Was he of the
same family as the poet?
A plate is given of the north wall in
the state it appeared after it had been
laid open, from a drawing by Mr.
Walker; and though there is little
question of the antiquity of the walls of
the church up to the window sills, we
are not so certain that the buttresses
possess the high degree of antiquity
which has been attributed to them ;
they are totally distinct in character
from ancient works, approaching much
nearer to pilasters in appearance ; they
are very narrow, and project but little
from the wall, and, in lieu of having
their foundation on the ground, rise
only from the basement cornice ; in-
deed, they are so exactly like the pi-
laster buttresses on the opposite wall,
tliat wc see no reason for assuming
that they were not the work of the
same hand ; if not of Sir Christopher
Wren, certainly of an equally impure
Ck)thic designer. It would appear
that originally a space existed be-
tween the church and glebe, and this
space, small as it necessarily must
have been, was used as a burial
place, (p. 17) as a similar slip of
ground still is at the Church of St.
Dionis lUckchurch. On the rebuild-
ing of London after the fire, these
houses were set back, and the wall
of the church became a party wall
instead of an external one. In con-
sequence, the necessity of covering the
wall with ashlar ceased to exist, and
it was left in the rough state in which
we now see it. If the remains of the
buttresses be compared with those on
the south wall, which there is little
doubt is Wren's work, we see no
sufficient reason for assuming that the
portions in question were not alio
produced by him.
The greater part of the tower is un-
doubtedly older than Wren's period;
but there is no similarity of character
or design between the architecture of
the tower and the pilaster- formed
buttresses, to warrant the conclusion
that the remains now discovered are
coeval with the original structure ; at
the same time that the conformity
with that portion which we under-
stand to be Wren's work, leaves little
room to doubt of their being the work
of one architect.
The new facing of this wall, exe-
cuted from a design by Mr. Tresa«
will be in accordance with the south
side, having blanks in the place of
windows. Of this design a plate b
also given.
The diminution in the value of the en-
dowment of the living by the destruc-
tion of these houses is to be lamented,
and the Rector complains, with an ap-
pearance of truth, of the inadequate
compensation he has received for the
loss of income arising from the fLie
houses which have been swept away,
a circumstance to be greatly regretted,
as the incomes of the churches rebuilt
after the fire of London are far from
being ample.
It is truly to be lamented, that pub-
lic improvement should be effected at
the cost of individual sacrifice.
orifonally, between the Church and the
(;irfM> lloasrs, which, on acroant of
\Vntlin|( Street having brrn either
n itU-ned at the time or removed further
towariU the Aouth, was, by the decrees of
the Judfcff. made part and parcel of the
githc; thig accountH most satigfactorily
K>r the north wall, in the rcbaildinfff bav-
in t^ been made a party wall, and for the
north Bi»le having been lighted from
above, and also for the right of way hav-
ing been reserved to the parishioners from
the Street, through the Glebe, up to the
north doorway of the Church.
" 1 have made a careful elevation of this
wall as it appeared on the 27th of Nofvou
her last, which I shall be most happy to
shew to any one who, like myseU, may
take an interest in the remains of anti-
quity."— A reduced copy of this drawing
is printed in Dr. Wilson's pamphlet.
504 Review.*- Jones's Cathedral Be//.-»Bulvrer*s Sea Capiain. [May,
7%c Cathedral Bell; a Tragedy. By
Jacob Jones. 1838.
BY some accident, we know not
what, this play slipped from the file
of our papers, and has only been now
recovered. The author is naturally
anxious that his play should be acted ;
with this view we should advise him
carefully to consider whether some
parts should not be altered, that might
not prove successful on the stage —
such as the character of the maniac :
and there are also expressions which
produce a different effect, when si-
lently read, from what they would
do, when pronounced in tragic decla-
mation. As regards the play itself,
it possesses much merit, and shews
considerable ability and poetical feel-
ing ; but there is not sufficient move-
ment and rapid change of action and
event ; — too much is said, and too
little done. Nor can we say that we
are much interested in the fortunes of
any one character. Perhaps it will be
in the author's power, so to alter and
retouch certain parts, or to make it
more suitable for representation on
the stage. If so, we venture to point
out one or two passages that might
be improved.
P. 17. The following construction is
obscure : —
"If before set of sun to-morrow eve.
The place be not surrendered to our arms,
Then be ye witnesses against my soul,
Unless, to be reveng'd, I shed his blood.**
P. 26. The following line is not me-
trical.
" Perhaps this poor g^rl you chide, might shed
a tear.**
P. 33. The expression of these lines
might be improved
** We rode the seas— like Phaetons, the storms
Flogg^ing the waves full tumble round the
globe.»*
P. 54.
" In raging like a lion, from his den
Shut out and tnuffing ttrangerg in his lair.**
We have great respect for Mr.
Jones's industry and poetical zeal ;
and we hope, that his very reasonable
and natural wishes may be crowned
with success ; and that some one of
the managers may discover the merit
of his plays, and bring them on the
7
stage. Let him not be displeased at
the freedom of our criticism ; for we
have spoken carefully on what we
read attentively ; and it is only by
particular and minute criticism, that
compositions can be truly improved.
The Sea Captain, By Sir Edward
Bulwer.
SIR Edward is more angry in his
preface against his critics than be-
comes a bard ; he ought by this time
to be critic-proof, and hear their clubs
battering on his helmet, undisturbed.
Besides, they do not seem to us to
have directed their shafts aright ; and
thus they have given him the advan-
tage. We like his talent too much, to
be vexatious about petty faults; at
the same time we do not consider this
drama to be one of the goodliest of his
offspring.
1. We object to the ground- work
of the plot ; it wants the nobler and
more enthralling passions. All is
linked with meanness, and selfishness*
and duplicity, except the character of
Norman, and that is overcharged, and
excites little sympathy. The author
has endeavoured to conceal or efface
the effect of the baser passions in Lord
Ashdale, Sir M. Beevor, and Lady
Arundel, by the noble disinterested-
ness of Norman ; but the contrast is
too glaringly made, and strikes us as
unnatural.
2. Norman's account of his being
cast adrift by the Pirate, is not con-
sistent with truth ; the story, as a fact,
is impossible; and what would So-
phocles have said to the importance
given in the narrative to the Ocean
Monster f
3. The Poet has placed Ladv Arun-
del in a situation from which she
cannot be relieved without a violence
or force inconsistent with the feelings
that naturally belong to Uie charac-
ters ; therefore it is effected by forcing
Norman to an effort, which was
too melo- dramatic to please or affect
our minds. Ashdale's quarrel with
Norman, just aflbr the latter bad
saved his life, if not unnatural, is
most unpleasing; and the follow-
ing speech of Norman, after Lady
Arundel has blessed him, should,
had we the pen of a poetic licenser.
1840.] Review.— /vflfWy History of the Bishoprick of Somerset.
505
be expunged, simply leaving the words
" Hark ! she has blessed her son ! " —
the rest appears to us to be not formed
of sterling metal.
Hark • she has blessed her son ! 1 bid ye wit-
ness, [air,
Ye list'iiing: Heavens — thoa circumambient
The ocean siifhs it back— and with the murmur
Rustle the happy leaves. All nature breathes
Aloud— aloft— to the gjeat Parent's ear,
The blessincr of the mother on her child.
Sir M. Beaver is painted in colours
too strong and coarse, and poetical
justice demanded his punishment;
but the main fault, we repeat, of this
drama is, that it is not founded on the
story of some great and powerful pas-
sion with which we can freely sympa-
thize, but is employed in the strug-
gles of a painful, ignoble, and guilty
entanglement, that is only removed by
a self-sacrifice that ought not to have
been conceded, and which leaves no
satisfactory impression.
Ecclesiastical Documents: viz. I. A
Biipf History of the Bishoprick of
Somerspt from its foundation to the
ypur 1174. If. Charters from the
Library of Dr. Cox Macro. Now
first published by the Rev. Joseph
Hunter, F.S.A. [Printed for the
Camden Society.]
"THK only connexion," says the
Kditor, " between the two portions of
this volume lies in this, that both re-
late to affairs of the early English
Church." They are brought toge-
ther as a matter of convenience, the
original of the former having been no-
ticed by the Editor in a Register of
the Priory of Bath, preserved in Lin-
coln's Inn Library; and the latter
being transcribed from a valuable col-
lection of charters which have long
been in his own hands.
The chronicle is one of very early
date, having been composed in the
reign of Henry the Second, and it
contains a still earlier fragment writ-
ten by Bishop Gyso, an able and zea-
lous prelate who was not only a wit-
ness of the Norman Conquest of Eng-
lar.d, but, having been appointed to
the Bishoprick of Bath by Edward the
Confessor, was so fortunate as to hold
it to near the end of the Conqueror's
reign. With respect to the second
writer, Mr. Hunter remarks that his
" object was two-fold. First, to give tho
Gkmt. Mao, Vol, XIII.
best account he could collect of the origin
of the see. This, he tells us in the pro-
logue, was his principal intention. But it is
manifest that he had his eye constantly
fixed upon the revenues of the Charch,
and that he was intent on producing a
work to which reference might be mi^e,
should questions arise, as such questions
were perpetually arising, respecting the
portions which were set aside for the sup-
port of the Canons and those which re-
mained to the Bishop. In the account
of the see under the later Bishops noticed
by him, we have very little, except what
relates to the temporal possessions, and
disputes concerning them. The author
was, in all probability, a canon of Wells.
In one phrase we have a verbal confor-
mity with the Historia Minor, (printed in
Wharton's Anglia Sacra,) which seems to
show that this treatise was known to the
author of that meagre performance, or
that both used in that part of their narra-
tive a common original." p. 5.
** It contains some facts which are pe-
culiar to itself, to some transactions it
gives a different colouring, and, on the
whole, it may be said to come with equal
if not superior authority to any of the
three on whose authority hitherto the
writers on this subject have proceeded. No
doubt, the whole which it contains respect-
ing the succession of Ina, and his marri-
age with Queen Ethelburga, is legendarj
and romantic ; but when the history ap-
proaches the time of the Conquest, it as-
sumes a very authentic character ; it is
minute and particular ; and so continues
in respect of the topics selected by the
writer, to the reign of King Henry the
Second, in which it was composed." p. 4.
As Mr. Hunter has been at the
pains of furnishing the reader with an
English version of this Chronicle, we
roust not be so thankless as to prefer
the original Latin for the following ei-
tract, which is the most important
part of the auto- biographical state-
ment of the venerable Anglo- Saxoa
bishop:
"To this said Duduco the bishop, I
succeeded ; Gyso, an Hasbanian from the
town of Saint Trudo (Hasbain in Lor-
raine), in the year of our Lord's Incarna-
tion 106f), whom King Edward, though
by any merit of my own unworthy of the
honour, sent to Rome, and there I was
consecrated by Pope Nicholas on Easter
Day, the seventeenth of the kalends of
May, and the King received me in an ho-
nourable manner on my return, bringing
with me the mark of apostolic authority,
the synod then being over, (?) in the se-
cond week after Albs. Then taking a
3T
506 IRzvii&vr.'^Earli^ HUtory of the Biilioprick of Someriit. [May»
Burrey of my cathedral Church, and per-
ceiving it to be small, and the four or five
clerks being without a cloister or refectory,
I set rnyse^ voluntarily to the preparation
of these. I mentioned this our poverty
to him, who was inferior to no one in
piety, [of course the Confessor is meant]
and obtained from him the possession
which is called Wedmore, for the remu-
neration of an eternal recompense, for the
increase and sustentation of the brethren
there serving God. Queen Edith also,
by whose assistance and suggestion this
was effected, increased the gift with faith-
ful benevolence by giving the part of the
said lands belonging to herself, which was
called by the inhabitants Merken and
Modesley. Then the town which is called
Wynesham, which had been granted for a
term by some one of my predecessors, but
for many years kept from his successors
without any service, I undertook to re-
cover from one Alsie, who at that time
held it Him having been frequently
canonically admonished, and resisting by
force after there had been a sentence of
the Provincials by which he was deprived,
and it was declared that I ought to be
put into possession, I did not hesitate to
anathematize. I even meditated to strike
by the same kind of sentence Harold the
Duke, whom I sometimes privately and
sometimes openly rebuked for the attacks
which he made on the church committed
to my charge. But King Edward having
died in the year of the Incarnation of our
Lord one thousand and sixty-five, (Ha-
rold,) on taking the reins of government,
promised not only to restore what he had
taken away, but also to give fresh dona-
tions. But the judgment of divine ven-
geance overtaking him on the twenty-first
day after the victory which he had obtained
over his camesake, the King of the Nor-
wegians, he having recruited his army,
engaged in battle with William Duke of
Normandy, who had invaded the southern
part of his land, and then, in the tenth
month of his reign, with hb two brothers
and a great slaughter of his people, fell in
battle. Moreover, the Duke, after he
had obtained the victory, and had taken
upon him the government of the kingdom,
and had heard from me my complaint of
the injury which had been done to me,
surrendered Wynesham to the church;
and confirmed it by a solemn charter, to
the effect that the brethren offering in the
church the sacrifice of praise to God,
should pray for the safety of himself, his
ancestors, and successors, and so possess
it inviolably, as by hereditary right. He
promised also that as soon as he was able
he would add to the gift the monastery of
Oswald, I then, in order that I might
ttill further enlarge the property of my
church, obtained by purchase from one of
my parishioners called Ai lere, wiUi the con-
sent of William the King, the Una which
is called Combe ; with certain other lands
called Wurmeston and Littone, which I
. assigned as above said, for the angmenta-
tion of the canons and for their tapport.
Another estate also called Kulmeton I
prevailed with EInedou, abbot of Glaaton,
to give to my church, to whom it had
descended by hereditary right on the death
of his mother : but this, owing to the dia-
bolical interference of a certain powerfiil
person, I did not hold for any long time.
These estates thus being giyen ror the
sustentation of the brethren, through the
bounty of Kings, togeUier idih the moft
perfect liberty of the church, I enlarged
the number of them : and those whom the
want of the necessaries of life had before
compelled to live among the people and to
beg in a mean manner, being thni en-
riched, I brought to live in regular order in
canonical obedience. I prepared for them
also a cloister, refectory, and dormitory,
and I added, in a satisfactory manner, all
other things which they required, according
to the maimer of my own country. They
unanimously chose one of themadTet,
Isaac by name, as fitter for the office than
the rest by age and understanding, who
was to take care of their temporal concerns
without, and of the brethren within. I
pronounced the sentence of anathema
against all who should in any thing violate
the arrangement thus canonically made, or
should take away any part of the posses-
sions thus appropriated by me or my pre*
decessors.''
On most of the places here men-
tioned Mr. Hunter has in his notes
made some valuable remarks, of which
it will be right for the future tope-
graphers of Somersetshire to avail
themselves. It is not necessary to
append them here ; but we will quote
the following curious remarks, made
upon a place subsequently mentioned,
and now called Yatton : —
tt
Jaiiona in the original; but Domesday
book presents a more remarkable ortho-
graphy, Latune, Of the conversion of tiie
letters l and Y or i at the beginning of
proper names in that record there are
other instances. Thus a place in the
county of York now called Y^adtm occurs
in that record as Ladun; the modem
Yarum^ or Yarmy is Larun ; and a place
now called Lwertell, occurring thtee
times, namely, in the Survey, the Raca*
pitalation, and the Clamores, is each time
written with a variety in the nrthoeraiilii.
Geureihaief ImtnBMi, and LounSSt.
1840.]
Review. — Kemp't Nine Dates* Wonder,
507
Yatton was, as before observed, the land of
Johannes Danus t. r. e., and it is sarpris-
ing that Gyso has not shown us how it was
acquired by the Church of Weils, to whom
it belonged at the time of the Survey. It is
in the hundred of Wiuterstoke, near to Cou-
^^resbury, and has one of the many beau-
tiful churches, the work of the fourteenth
and fifteenth centuries, with which the
county of Somerset is adorned.''
The Charters, &c. which form the
Second Part of this volume, are only
twenty-oue in number ; but most of
them are of first-rate importance to
our ecclesiastical and monastic history.
They relate to the churches of Selby,
London, Norwich, Tutbury, Evesham,
Lichfield, and others in various parts of
the kingdom. Mr. Hunter has pre-
fixed to them some account of the his-
torical collections of their former pos-
sessor, the Rev. Cox Macro, LL.D.,
which forms a valuable addition to
literary biography.
Kemps Nine Dates Wonder ; Performed
in a Dauncefrom London to Norwich.
With an Introduction and Notes, by
the Rev. Alexander Dyce. [Printed
for the Camden Society,]
THIS is the eleventh publication- of
the Camden Society, but the first
Reprint that it has produced, nor
do we find any others hitherto an-
nounced in the long list of its pro-
jected works. We regard this as a
pood evidence of the zeal with which
its views have hitherto been supported ;
as the publication of " historical re-
mains ' which have hitherto remained
entirely in manuscript, is avowedly its
primary object; and whilst there is an
ample supply of these, and a zealous
succession of competent editors, the
expectations of the members are sure
to be amply fulfilled.
Hut the present case is one in which
the work republished completely ranks
in point of rarity with a MS. Though
the pamphlet (which was published in
1C(K)) was evidently popular in its day,
at is proved by the numerous allusions
to it found in contemporary authors,
yet there is only one copy now known
to be in existence, which is in the Bod-
leian Library, among the books given
to it by Robert Burton.* Moreover,
the late Mr. Giffbrd, in his edition o^
Ben JoDson, declared it to be " a great
curiosity, and as a rude picture of na-
tional manners, extremely well worth
reprinting." It is therefore surprising
that it has never been resuscitated
before.
However, it ia now exceedingly well
republished : the text being literally
followed, and the whole-length portrait
of the labouring " dauncer," preceded
by his " taborer," carefully copied in
the title-page. We have the fullest
confidence in Mr. Dyce as a most accu-
rate and microscopic Editor ; whife for
the extent of his acquaintance with
the literature of olden times, we could
not refer to a better proof than the
variety of information he has brought
to bear upon the trifle before us. He
has shown in the Introduction, by his
quotations from the works of Hey wood,
Nash, and Brone, that
" William Kemp was a comic actor of
high reputation. like Tarlton, whom he
succeeded ' as wel in the fauonr of her
Maiesty as in the opinion and eood
thoughts of the genendl audienee, he
usually played the Clown, and was greatly
applauded for his buffoonery, his extern-
poral wit, and his performance of the Jig.
"That at one time, — perhaps from
about 1589 to 1593 or later — he belonged
to a Company under the management of
the celebrated Edward AUcyn, is proved
by the title-page of a drama called A
Knack to know a Knaue. At a subsequent
period he was a member of the Company
called the Lord Chamberlain's Servant^
who played during summer at the Globe,
and during winter at the Blackfriars. • • •
*' When Romeo and Juliet and Mmek
ado about Nothing were originalbr brought
upon the stage, Kemp acted Peter and
Dogberry ; and it has been supposed that
in other plays of Shakespeare, — in T%e
Two Gentlemen qf Verona^ As you like it;
Hamlet, The Second Part qf Henry the
Fourth, and The Merchant qf Venice, he
performed Launce, Touchstone, the Grave-
digger, Justice Shallow, and Launcelot.
On the first production of Ben Jonson's
Every Man in his Humour, a character
was assigned to him ; and there is good
reason to believe that in Every Man out qf
his Humour, by the same dramatist, he
represented Carlo Buffone.
" In 1599 Kemp attracted much atten-
tion by dancing the morris from London
to Norwich ; and as well to refute the
* Blomefield (Hist, of Norfolk, ii. 250) mistook it for a MS. : ** In 1599,
one Kemp cams daaciiia the whole way from London to Konricb, and there is a
MS^. in th« B9dMui uSnry cvAUiiupg ui aocowU Qi itt ''
508
Keyiew.— Kemps Nine Dates* Wonder.
[May,
lying ballads put forth concemiDg this ex-
ploit, as to testify his gratitude for the
favours he had received during his ' gam-
bols,' he published in the following year
the curious pamphlet which is now re-
printed. Ben Jonson alludes to this re-
markable journey in Every Man out of his
Humour t originally acted in 1599, where
Carlo Buffone is made to exclaim ' Would
I had one of Kemp's shoes to throw after
you I' and again in his Epigrams : —
" or which
Did dance the famo us morris untoNorwich ."
Mr. Dyce has likewise quoted other
allusions to it from the works of W.
Rowley, Brathwait, Dekker, and Web-
ster ; and has added two scenes of two
early dramas, which exhibit Kemp in
propria persona, — '* The Retvrne from
Pemassvs/' and "The Travailes of the
three English Brothers (Shirley)."
He afterwards adds the following
remarks upon Kemp's most popular
performance on the stage, called the
Jig, and answering apparently to the
ballet of the modern opera-house :
** During the earlier period of the Eng-
lish stage, after the play was concluded,
the audience were commonly entertained
by a Jiff. As no piece of that kind is ex-
tant, we are unable to ascertain its nature
with precision ; but it appears to have
been a ludicrous metrical composition,
either spoken or sung by the Clown, and
occasionally accompanied by dancing and
playing on the pipe and tabor. More per-
sons than one were sometimes employed
in a jig ; and there is reason to believe
that the performance was of considerable
length, occupying even the space of an
hour."
Mr. Dyce then quotes from the
Books of the Stationers' Company three
entries, recording under the vears
1591 and 1595 the copyright of *''The
Third and last parte of Kempe's Jigge,"
"A ballad of Kempe's Newe Jigge of
the Kitchen Stuffe Woman," and
'* Kemp's newe Jygge betwixt a soul-
dior and a Miser and Sym the clown,"
and states his belief that these Jigs
were composed by regular dramatists,
and were called " Kemp's" merely
because he had rendered them popular
by his acting, and probably by flashes
ofexteraporal wit. He tells us that
he had *' spent his life in mad Jigges ;"
and to one of those many entertain-
ments Marston alludes in The Scovrge
of Fillanie, 1599 ;
'< Praise but Orchestra and the skipping Art,
You shall commaund him ; faith, you fiiaae his
hart
Even capring in your fist. A hall, a hall,
Roome for the spheres I the orbes celestial!
"Will daunce Kempes Jigge."
Some other publications besides the
" Nine Daies Wonder " have been
assigned to Kemp, but Mr. Dyce shows
that probably none of them were his,
and that the present, which Gifford has
so justly characterised as "a rude
picture of national manners," was his
only work as an author, printed pro-
bably to serve as an introduction for
soliciting those " rewardes " for his
atchievement, of which he tells us he
had received large promises, which
were imperfectly performed. Still, the
whole narrative abounds with records
of the abundant hospitality he met
by the way, and as a specimen of
the manner in which a travelling
contributor to the public entertainment
was then received in "raerrie Eng-
lande " we shall extract —
•* The fift dayes ioumey, being Wednesday
of the second weeke.*
*' Taking aduantage of my 3 miles that
I had daunst y* day before, this Wednes-
day morning 1 tript it to Sudbury ; whe-
ther came to see a very kinde Gendeman,
Master Foskew, that had before traoailed
a foote from London to Barwick, who
giuing me good counsaile to obserue tem-
perate dyet for my health, and other ad-
uise to bee careful! of my company, be-
sides his liberall entertainment, departed,
leaning me much indebted to his loue.
*' In this towne of Sudbury there came
a lusty, tall fellow, a butcher by his pro-
fession, that would in a Morice keepe mee
company to Bury : I being glad of his
friendly offer, gaue him thanks, and for- ^
ward wee did set ; but ere euer wee bad *
measur'd balfe a mile of our way, he gaue
me Guer in the plain Aeld, protesting, that
if he might get a 100 pound, he woidd not
hold out with me ; for indeed my pace in
dauncing is not ordinary.
"As he and I were parting, a lusty
Country lasse being among the people,
calM him faint hearted lout, saving, ' If
I had begun to daunce, I would hane held
out one myle though it had cost my
life.* At which wordes many laughed.
' Nay,' saith she, ' if the Dauncer will
* Though the dance was performed in
nine days, the performer took several long
rests from his violent exertions, being alto-
gether twenty-four days on the road. He
was detained five days at Buy from niQw*
1840.]
Review. — Kemp's Nine Dates' Wonder*
509
lend me a leash of his belles, He venter to
treade one mile with him my selfe.' I
lookt vpon her, saw mirth in her eies,
heard boldnes in her words, and beheld
her ready to tucke vp her russet petticoate ;
I fitted her with bels, which she merrily
taking, garnisht her thicke short legs, and
with a smooth brow bad the Tabrer begin.
The Drum strucke ; forward marcht I with
my merry Maydemarian, who shooke her
f;it sides, and footed it merrily to Mel-
foord, being a long myle. There parting
with her, 1 gaue her (besides her skinfull
of drinkc) an English crowne to buy more
drink e ; for, good wench, she was in a
pittious heate : my kindnes she requited
with dropping some dozen of short court-
hits, and bidding God blesse the Dauncer.
I bad her adieu ; and to giue her her due,
she had a good care, daunst trucly, and
wee I arted friendly. But ere I part with
hor, a good fellow, my friend, hauin writ
an odde Rime of her, I will make bolde to
set it downe.
'• A Country Lasse, browne as a berry,
Hlithe of blee, in heart as merry,
Cheekes well fed, and sides well larded,
Kuery bone with fat flesh guarded,
Meeting merry Kemp by chaunce,
Was Marrian in his Morrice daunce.
Her stump legs with bels were garnisht,
II er browne browes with sweating varnisht,
Her browne hips, when she was lag
Tt) win her ground, went swig a swag ;
Which to sec all that came after
Were rcpleate with mirthfull laughter.
Yet she thumpt it on her way
With a sportly hey de gay :
At a mile her daunce she ended.
Kindly paidc and well commended.
••At Melford diuers Gentlemen met
mee, who brought me to one Master
(oils, a very kinde and worsbipfull Gen-
tleman, where I had vncxpected entertain-
nunt till the Satterday. From whose
hou5C, hauing hope somewhat to amend
my way to Bury, I determined to goc by
Clare, but I found it to be both farther
and fouler.''
The description of the host of Rock-
land ill the eighth day's journey is
very graphic and characteristic— so
much 50 indeed, that Warton (Hist,
of Knglish Poctr>, iv. 63) would
have it that it was contributed to
Kemp by his comra«le Shakspcare. It
is followed by some verses, also very
smart, contributed by the same friend
•• that roaile the odde rime on my
Maidc-marian."
"He was a man not oucr spare ;
In his eyebals dwelt no care.
* Anon, anon,* and * Welcome, friend.'
Were the most words be vsed to spend.
Saue sometime he would sit and tell
What wonders once in Bullayne fell|
Closing each Period of his tide
With a full cup of Nut-browne Ale.
Turwin and Tumeys siedge were hot,
Yet all my Hoast remembers not :
Kets field and Muscleborough fray
Were battles fought but yesterday.
' O, 'twas a goodly matter then
To see your sword and buckler men !
They would lye heere, and here and there,
But I would meete them euery where :
And now a man is but a prick c ;
A boy, armM with a poating sticke.
Will dare to challenge Cutting Dicke.
O 'tis a world the world to see I
But 'twill not mend for thee nor mee.'
By this some guest cryes * Ho, the
house ! '
A fresh friend hath a fresh carouse ;
Still he will drinke, and still be dry,
And quaffe with euery company.
Saint Martin send him merry mates,
To enter at his hostree gates !
For a blither lad than he
Cannot an Inkeeper be.
And shortly after we have this re-
markable touch of City customs, in-
troduced by way of a simile.
" For euen as our Shop-keepers will
hayle and pull a man with * Lack ye ?
what do you lack. Gentlemen ? ' ' My
ware is best,' cryes one, ' Mine best in
England,* sayes an other ; * Heere shall
you haue choyse,* saith the third.''
Again, in p. 6 we hear of
" A noted cut purse, such a one as we
tye to a poasi on our ttage^ for all people
to wonder at, when at a play they are
taken pi(f ring.'*
It would, however, be vain to at-
tempt to point out all the old practises
and old sentiments which this veiy
curious picture of Elizabethan life au
fords, without extracting nearly every
line. We shall therefore now con-
clude, after pointing out a small matter
of information which the Editor failed
to obtain, though he evidently took
some pains to acquire it.
Kemp dedicated his narrative
*• To the true Ennobled Lady, and his
most bountifull Mistris, Mistris Anne
Fitton, Mayde of Honour to the most sa-
cred Mayde, Royall Queene Elizabeth."
on which Mr. Dycc has made. this
note ;—
510
BloomfieJd^s Lexicon io the New TeUament.
[May,
*' A Mary Fitton, daughter to Sir Ed-
ward Fitton, of Gawsworth, and maid qf
honour to Qfteen Elizabeihf is mentioned
by Ormerod, HUt. qf Chethiret iii. 393 ;
and * Mn. Fitton ' is noticed as holding
that office in several letters of Rowland
Whyte, printed among the Sydney Pa-
pers, It seems unlikdy that the Queen
should have had two maids of honour
called Fitton ; and yet we can hardly sup-
pose that Kemp mistook the Christian
name of his patroness. I may add, that
an examination of Sir E. Fitton's will in
the Prerogative Court has proved to me
that his daughter was named Mary,**
By the kindness of Mr. Ormerod,
the reason of Mr. Dyce's ill-success
has now been explained. In the same
pedigree in the history of Cheshire, it
-will be seen that Mary Fitton had one
sister, who is described as "Alice,
wife of Sir John Newdigate, of Ar-
bury, CO. Warwick." That "Alice"
is a misprint for Anne ; and she was
the elder sister, as is stated in the
title of her husband's epitaph* at
Harefield, Middlesex,
'* In funeribus Johannis Newdigate,
Militis, cui in connubio stabili juncta fuit
Anna, Edwardi Fitton, Milit. filia primo-
genita.'*
We find, further, that her son. Sir
John Newdigate, died anno 1642,
astat. 42, and therefore was born about
the year 1600, the very year of Kemp's
publication ; therefore she must have
changed her name almost immediately
* Wotton* 8 Baronetage, 1741, vol. iv.
p. 623.
A Greek and English Lejicon to the
New Testament, By the Rev, S. T.
Bloomfield , /). D. , F, 8. A, —This will prove
a very serviceable manual to the student
of the New Testament in its original
language : the author's great experience
in this particular branch of learning en-
abling him at once to embrace the most
copious stores of his learned predecessors
and to avoid their prolixity end redun-
dancies. It has been his object to combine
the learning of Schleusncr, Wahl, and
Bretschneider, with the more orthodox
principles of Parkhurst The work is formed
on the basis of a Lexicon by Dr. Robin-
son, of America, which Dr. Bloomfield
.edited in this country about three years
ago ; but he has on the present occasion
introduced a considerable proportion of
original and important matter, upon the
after this dedication was written, and
of coarse resigned, on her marriage,
the post of Maid of Honoar to Uie
Queen, whereupon it is probable that
her younger sister ^fary may have
been appointed her successor. It may
still be doubtful which was the lady
who was one of the maskers at the
marriage of Lord Herbert to Lady
Anne Russell in June 1 600, when, as
Rowland Whyte told Sir Robert
Sidney,
** delicate it was to see eight ladies so
pretily and richly attired ; Mrs. Fetton
leade, and after they had donne all their
own ceremonies, these eight ladies mask-
ers chose eight ladies more to dawnce the
measures. Mrs. Fetton went to the
Queen and woed her to dawnce. Her
Majesty asked what she was ? 4<^Srr/loii,
she said. ' Affection^* said the Queen, * is
false.* Yet her Majestie rose and
dawnced : so did my Lady Marquis \pt
Winchester]."
It may be added that a kneeling ef-
figy of Lady Newdigate remains in
Harefield church. The family of these
Maids of the maiden Queen had pre-
viously been distinguished bv high ap-
pointments. Sir Edward tneir father
was President of Munsteri their
grandfather, also Sir Edward, Lord
President of Connaught and Thomond,
and Treasurer of Ireland; and their
great-uncle Francis Fitton, Esq. who
survived Queen Elizabeth's reign,
married the dowager Countess of
Northumberland, daughter and co-
heiress of John Neville, Lord La-
timer.
merits of which he claims it to be re-
garded as at least an independent, though
not entirely original performance. Its
plan is as follows: ''The etymology of
each word is first given, when tiioroughly
ascertained, as far as respects the Greek
and Latin, and occasionally the Hebrew,
and even the Northern languages. The
primary signification is then carefuUylaid
down, whether found in the New Testa-
ment or in the Classical writers (In the
latter case usually accompanied by some
passage in proof, adduced either verbatim
or by reference) ; and from thence are de-
duced in regular order, all the other signifi-
cations which have place in the NewTesta-
ment writers, but not in others, except so
far as they maybe necessary to ei^lish the
senses there found. In doing this, great
care hss been taken to dlicrimiMte be-
1840.]
Fine AHs.
tween the intrinsic significations of words,
and those particular senses which they
may bear through the form of adjuncts.
Again, the various constructions of verbs,
verbals, and adjectives, have been care-
fully noticed ; and the usage of the New
Testament writers has been illustrated by
a reference to the Septuagint and the
Apocryphal writings connected with it
and the New Testament ; as also to
Josephus and Philo ; and, lastly, the
Greek Classical writers, especially those
of the later Greek dialect, from the time
of Polybius downward."
Eucharistica, By the Rev. Samuel
"Wilberforce. — A companion to the holy
Communion, formed of select pas
from old English divines, with a ju
Introduction by the Editor. '' It «<
from most works of the kind, in 1
wholly gathered from the writings Oi
divines of the English church j and
secures the presence of that raciness
strength which are so rare in mc
books of devotion. Who has not fel.
difference ^ Who can turn from
writings of St. Augustin, St. Bemaru
of Hooker and Leighton, to most of
day, without remembering the 8a«
words, ** No man, having drunk of
wine, straightway desireth new: for
saith, The old is better.*'
FINE ARTS.
EXHIBITION OF THE BRITISH
INSTITUTION.
The collection of pictures got together
at ** the Gallery " this season, is not, as
a whole, in our humble opinion, particu-
larly brilliant. A considerable portion of
the space afforded for the display, which is
but limited, is occupied by huge compo-
sitions, that have failed to find purchasers
at the exhibition of the Royal Academy ;
the inevitable consequence is, that a num-
ber of smaller works are excluded. The
wiser and more equitable plan would have
been to have sent these large and meri>
torious productions of the easel on their
travels into Lancashire, where they would
be welcomed as novelties, afford gratifi-
cation to many, and possibly meet with
customers. But this, we suppose, is
reserved as a last resource, so that they
will in all probability continue to interfere
with the less influential candidates for pub-
lic favour.
The exhibition of this year is graced by
scarcely a single specimen of sculpture.
Among the new contributions of pictures
the most conspicuous and numerous are
the performances of the academician Lee.
The landscapes of this gentleman are al-
ways distinguished by their excessive
greenness, and an absence of that manl-
pulative skill and tone which are the
characteristics of a legitimate style of art.
They always remind us rather of the
paint-pot than of the palette. Etty has
several bright little pictures, but the vi-
sitor has to seek for them amidst the
crudities to which we have alluded. Cook
exhibits some landscapes and marine sub-
jects, which may be regarded not only as
favourable examples of the artist's talent,
but as among the best works in the rooms.
Landseer has one little picture. It
wants tone and breadth of pencilling ;
but is, otherwise, not inferior to the former
productions of the same hand. Mr*
Rothwell exhibits a portrait whidi.
although rather tame and feeble in point
both of cok)ur and handling, is neverthe-
less very pretty. Miss Kearslet bidg
fair to excel in this line of art. She con«
tributes two specimens, the larger of
which is worthy of every commendation.
The other, though bu( a trifle, is also
clever. Inskipp has a " Neapolitan
Fruit Girl,'' and another transcript from
the book of nature, which be terms
** a Wayfarer." They are placed side by
side with a landscape of Turner's; but
such is the depth of tone and colour with
which he has invested them, that the
artist comes unscathed out of the conflict.
The power of the master, whose simple rustic
subjects will afford to be placed upon the
verge of a fiery furnace, needs no severer
test. Both the Wayfarer and the Fruit
Girl will bear a comparison with the
chef-d'omvret of Sir Joshua Reynolds,
Gainsborough, and others of the good old
school of which those eminent persons were
so great an ornament. We need not go
into any description of the landscape by
Mr. Turner, as it has, if we mistake not,
been exhibited before. It is, at all events,
one of those fine, misty, poetical compo-
sitions for which the master is celebrated,
but to which so much exception has been
taken by the public on account of their
inordinate warmth of colour. Davis has
an animal piece of great merit. Jones,
the academician, contributes some small
street views in his usual style. We like
the manner of this artist, although we
think he paints rather too much upon one
plan.
It is to be regretted that hardly any of
the more important pictures in the exhi-
bition have been sola, and that what little
patronage is exercised should b« thrown
away on low-priced mediocrity.
512
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.
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18 to.]
Literary and ScientifU Intelligence,
513
Roman Misquotation ; or certain pai-
sai^c> from the Fathers, adduced in a
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IJy the llev. Kicuard T. Pope, A.M.
8v(>. l)4r. (»r/.
The Church of Rome Examined. Trans-
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Mahin, D.D. Paator of the Church of
Testimony, Geneva. By the Rev. J.
CoRMACK, D.U. Minister of Stow. 8vo.
;{*. Gr/.
On the Karly Fathers, an Introductory
lecture. Hy the Rev. J. J. Blunt,
H. I), l^dy Margaret's Professor of Di-
vinity in the Universitf of Cambridge.
^'vo. 2*.
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lin«', and accompanied with anecdotes de-
siTiptive of each plate. By a Sister or
riiK Religious Order or our Lady
OK Mercy. 4to. 'J4#.
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Spftrtt,
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( oinp.-iiiion. ]W J. KiRKHRiuK. 12mo.
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Tin- Book »)f Archery. By George
A<.\K Hansard, Ks({. Gwcnt Bowman,
with rit'ti-en I^ine Kiigiavings from Paint-
in;;s l>) V. P. Stephanoff, Esq. 3 It. Gd.
Law relating to India and Indian Com-
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Trt'iitiM* on Amaurosis. By E. A.
lIorKKNM. ><vo. 10*. Gd.
Science.
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^ car. Hy the Editor of Arcana of Science,
Wit I) lllu>t rated Eiigrivingn. tino. .")«.
Dictionary of (teology, Mineralogy,
«\r. By William IIi'MBlk.
PrrpartHjf /or PullicatUm.
A Numismatic Manual, or Guide to
the Collect iuB ani Stiulv of Gntk, Ro-
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man, and English Coins. Qy John
YoNGB Akrrmak, F.S.A. one of the
Hon. Secretaries to the Numismatic 8o-
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A new edition of the History of the
Port and Borough of Sunderland, com*
prising much additional matter, topogra*
phical, statistical, biographical, and com-
mercial. By George Garbutt, libra-
rian to the Subscription Library.
FRENCH LITERARY INTELLIOENCJI.
An Inedited grammar of the " Romane**
language of the thirteenth century, en-
titled ** Donatus Provindalis,'* and signed
Hugues Faidit, has been pnbliiri»ca by
M. Guessard ; and another of the same
epodi, entitled " Draita Maniera de Tro-
ba/' signed by Raymond Vidal, has been
given to the public by the same gentle-
man. Several MSS. of these works had
long been known to antiquaries ; and M.
Raynouard, in his *' SelMted Poesies of
the Troubadours," had notiosd them :
they are similar to each other, being both
imitations of the Latin grammar: die
latter, by Raymond Vidal, is the more
scientific production of the two. — if.
Guichard has published a luminous no-
tice of the great Latin poem of the four-
teenth century, the " Speculum Hnmansi
Salvationis." — A very interesting notice
of Robert Stephens, the great printer,
and of his intercourse with Francis I.,
has been compiled and published by M .
Crapelet, the most intelligent, if not the
most extensive, printer in the French
metrofMilis. This book is a good com-
|>anion to Renouard^s excellent work,
" I.«e8 Annales des Aides.*' The typogra-
)>ical details, and the account of Stephens's
Mtablishmrnt in the Rue St. Jean de
Beauvais, are well worthy of perusal.
ORKSHAM LRCTU&St.
We are happy to leem that the Gresham
Trustees are in treaty for the purchase of
('rosby Hall, and most sincerely should we
rejoice to witness the re-establishment of
Grehuam College on this truly classic
S})ot; so peculiarly appropriate from Its
locality, and so interesting from its his-
torical associations.
On two recent oecasions the subscribers
to the fund for repairing Crosby Hall
have had the pleasure of assembling under
the beautiful roof of the ancient Ban-
queting room, which has been preserved
hy their xealous exertions from impend-
ing destruction. On Thursday evening,
March U), premiums were awarded to the
Huccessful artistes, Mr. D. Pumore, Mr.
J. Waudbv, Mr. R. II. Essex, and Mr.
FcUx Roffe, for their Pictorial Illustra-
tions of Croeby Hall ; and on Wednesday
8U
514
f
Literary and Scientific Intelligence^
[May,
evening, April 22, Mr. Vincent Novello
delighted a numerous audience by a Lec-
ture, with Illustrations, on the Music of
Italy and England in the 16th and 17th
Centuries.
It will be seen by a reference to our
advertising pages that another meeting
will take place on Thursday evening, the
2l8t of May.
STATISTICAL SOCIETV.
March 16. The anniversary meeting
took place, the Right Honourable Sturges
Bourne in the chair. After the annual
report of the Council had been read, it
was Resolved, that an address be for-
warded to Prince Albert, requesting his
Royal Highness to become the Patron of
the Society. The following noblemen and
gentlemen were elected officers for the
ensuing year : —
PreHdent, Lord Viscount Sandon, M.P.—
Treasurer, Henry Hallam, esq.— Honorary Se-
eretarieSf Dr. Clendinnin^, J. Fletcher, esq. R.
W. Rawson, esq. — Council, C. Babbajre, esq.
Sir J. Boileau, Bart. Rt. Hon. Sturges Bourne,
J. Bowring, LL.D. J. Clendinning, esq. M.D.
Rev. E. W. Edgell, W. Parr, esq. Bight Hon.
£arl Fitzwilliam, J. Fletcher, esq. F.Groldsmid,
esq. W. Greig, esq. H. Hallam, esq. J. Hey-
wood, esq. J. P. iCay, esq. M.P. Sir C. Lemon,
Bart. G. C. I^ewis, esq. N. Lister, esq. M.U.
Right Hon. Holt Mackenzie, Right Hon. Earl
Lovelace, H. Men vale, esq. the Lord Bishop
of Norwich, W. S. O'Bnen, esq. M.P. Sir
Woodbine Parish, K.C.H. G. R Porter, esq.
R. W. Rawson, esq. Lord Viscount Sandon,
M.P. R. A. Slaney, esq. M.P. Col. Sykes, T.
Tooke, esq. Major TuUoch, G. W. Wood, esq.
M.P.
An ordinary meeting took place in the
evening, Lord Viscount Sandon in the
chair. Two papers were read : 1. A Re-
port prepared by a Committee of the So-
ciety, " On the Moral and Physical Con-
dition of the Working Classes in the Pa-
rishes of St. Margaret and St. John,
Westminster." 2. '« On the Effect of the
New Postage Arrangements on the Num-
ber of Letters," by Rowland Hill, esq.
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
This Society, which last year held its
great meeting in Queen's College, Oxford,
and has this year been invited to Downing
College, Cambridge, has just received from
the Queen a royal charter ; her Majesty
becoming the Patroness of the Society,
and naming his Grace the Duke of Rich-
mond as the first President. The charter
confers on the Society the style and title
of *' The Royal Agricultural Society of
England," and her Majesty grants the in-
corporation on the salutary condition that
all political topics and discussions on
questions pending, or about to be brought
forward in Parliament, are for ever to be
excluded from its proceedings, which are
to be cgoaected solely with the great ob.
ject of improving English Agricalture.
The first Council under the charter was
held on Monday, March 30, at the rooms
of the Society in Cavendish -square, when
the Duke of Richmond, the Duke of
Sutherland, the Hon. Robert Clive, M.P.
Sir James Graham, Bt. M.P. Mr. Henry
Handley, M.P. and Mr. Joseph Neeld,
were present. An address of thanks was
unanimously moved and carried to her
Majesty ; and the Society was annonnoed
to consist of 2,371 governors and mem-
bers, between 300 and 400 new members
having been added since Christmas last.
The Society will hold its next yearly meet-
ing at Cambridge, in the month of July.
It was hoped that the Master and Fellows
of Trinity College would have permitted
the Society to have had the use of one of
the Courts of that College, as the qua-
drangle of Queen's College at Oxford was
appropriated to the purposes of the last
meeting. It is now arranged, however,
that the Society will dine on Parker's
Piece.
BOOKSRLLERS' PROVIDENT lN8TlTt7TXON.
March 12. The third annual general
meeting of this benevolent society was
held at the Albion Tavern, James Nisbet,
Esq. of Berners 'Street, in the chair. This
society, which has been only in existence
three years, was instituted under the aus-
pices of Alderman Kelly, the then Lord
Mayor ; Cosmo Orme, Esq. Andrew Spot-
tiswoode, Esq. and in fact all the leading
booksellers, printers, and literary men in
London. Its object is to establish a fund
for the permanent assistance of booksel-
lers and booksellers' assistants, being
members, and their widows ; and Uie tem-
porarylassistance of members, their widows
and children, when in necessitous circum-
stances. It has been estimated that there
are within the limits of the general two-
penny post 2,000 booksellers, and at least
1 ,000 assistants. From the report read by
Mr. Meyrick, the honorary secretary, it
appeared that the number of subscribers
on the 31st Dec. 1839, was as follows:
Honorary life subscribers sixteen, annual
life subscribers four, life members ^4,
annual members 148 — total 39S. Amount
of donations received during the year
1839, 186/. 2#. ; amount of annual and
life subscriptions, 895/. ; interest allowed
by the commissioners for the redaction of
the national debt, 296/. lOt. lOd.^to-
tal, 8,763/. 18«. 4d, Expenses incurred,
237/. 19«. 2d. leaving an accumulation of
8,525/. 19«. 2</. from the first establish-
ment of the society up to the preMot
time. The benevolent objects of the Amd
will come partially into operaticm when
the fonded property amounts to tO|000l.
and fiilly wb«A it uriTCii at S0,000/.
1840.]
Literary and Scientific Intelligence,
515
THE UNITED SERVICE INSTITUTION.
March 7. The ninth anniversary meet-
ing uf this institution took place at the
Tliatched House Tavern, St. James's
Street, and was very numerously at-
tended, the Marquess of Londonderry in
the chair. From the general abstract
of the accounts to the 31st of Dec. 1839,
it appeared that the receipts during the
la5t year amounted to 1,H6'2/. 19«. 3d,
and the expenditure, for the same period,
to 1,753/. 10*. \d.
The report of the council stated, that
tlic number of members on the 1st of
March 184(), was 4,'i33, of whom 761 are
life subscribers. The number of visitors
during; the year was 16,248, or an aver-
age of 1 ,3.S4 per month.
Capt. 1*. L. Hay, R. N. ; Lieut. -Col.
P. S. Stanhojw, Grenadier Guards ; and
("hark's F. Forbes, M. D. who retired by
rotation, were re-elected for the ensuing
ytar, together with the following five offi-
i-t'rs. Major TuUoch ; Commander J. B.
L. Hay, R. N. ; Major Prosser, unat-
tached ; Commander F. Warden, R. N. ;
and Lieut. -Col. P. Taylor, K. H. unat-
tacht'd.
(ULLKGK FOR CIVIL KNGINKKRfi.
The cuuncil for this institution, which
i> opined on the 1st of May, have elected
thf following professors in their Insti-
tufion : — Mechanics, Mr. Robert Wal-
Wallace, M.A. ; Mathematics, Mr. Oliver
Hunu', and Mr. A. W. Horneman, B.A.,
Cantab. ; Civil Architecture and general
(-un^t^uction, Mr. James Elmes, architect,
( '. 10. ; .Naval Architecture, Mr. J. Water-
man of the .Vdmiralty ; Physics, Mr.
Harnian l^'wis, M. A., Cantab. ; Chemistry,
Mr. Thomas Kvcrett, professor of chemis-
try at Middlesex Hospital ; Mineralogy
ami (Jeohigv, .Mr. T. Webster, F.G.S. ;
Stati>tie.s W. C. Taylor, LL.D. Trin.
('ullet;r, Dublin; French language and
literature, Mr. Lucien de Rudell, M.A.
Tniv. <»f Paris; (u-rman. Dr. Stromeyer,
I'niv. of Wurtemburg ; Greek and Latin,
the Kev. J. R. i*age, M.A. Cantab., resi-
dent Chaplain to the College; Secretary,
Mr. J. E. B. Curtis.
r\MnRID(;R CAMDEN SOCIETY.
March JH. The eleventh general, and
tir^t evening, meeting of the Cambridge
C amden ScN!iety was hehl at the Philoso-
phji-al Kooms. .\fter the election of the new
mhiuIhtm. among whom were Lord Chief
.Iu.>tiee Timlal, the Rev. Dr. Mill, and
Mr. Riekm.in the architect, the Presi-
di nt proe«>e«h-<l t<» o|K:n the business by an
.i.lilre>s on the ne^-essity of studying Eeele-
siastieal Architecture on Kcclesiastical
priuciplcs. TUc tinvi Ji« Mid, wm DmI
passing away when the convenience of men,
and not the glory of God, was laid down as
the first principle in the erection of a
church : and proceeded to enumerate the
happy effects which have ensued where
not only the useful, but also the orna-
mental parts of an ecclesiastical building
were repaired or restored. These effects,
he remarked, tended among other advan-
tages to keep alive in the breast of the
village congregation a respect and love,
not only for their own place of worship,
but for the rites and ordinances of the
church. He made some observations on
the objection that these studies tend to
foster superstition, and concluded by ex-
horting the society to keep constantly in
mind that principle of its constitution,
which required that they should be pur-
sued in subordination to the leading
studies of the university.
A paper was next read from M. H.
Bloxam, esq. of Rugby, containing de-
scriptions and drawings of the chantry-
altars still remaining in this kingdom.
He more particularly instanced those
of Bengeworth, Worcestershire; Enstone
and Broughton Castle, Oxfordshire ; and
Warmington, Warwickshire. Inilliutrm-
tion of this paper, Mr. Codd of St.
John's exhibited a drawing of the magni-
ficent Reredos Screen of Harlton church
in this county.
A paper was then read from the Com-
mittee, illustrated from several private
collections, on Ecclesiastical Brasses. A
series of more than fifty, from 1350 to
lG3tf, were exhibited and described.
ARCIIITKCTURAL SOCIETY OF OXVOED.
March 'J5 A paper " On Gothic Archi-
tecture'* was read by the Rev. W. Sewell,
of Exeter College, who offered the fol-
lowing remarks, the force of which we
think will be generally felt : *Mie ob-
served that no religious mind could hesi-
tate for a moment in what style to boild
a church : in any other style our ideas
could only be associated with theatres, or
with heathen temples, while Gothic archi-
tecture we could associate with nothing
but Christianity ; and the more deeply we
enter into it, the more we shall In; im-
pressed with the ferment piety and strong
religious feeling of those who dt*signed
our Gothic churches. Every religion has
had, and must necessarily have, an archi-
tecture of its own, impressed with its
own character. Thus the Egyptian, the
Greek, the Hindu, or the Chinese, each
conveys to us the idea of the religion
which it emlM)died ; and in the same
manner Gothic architecture is essentially
Christi.in and Catholic in its true and
proper sense — the errors and su|icr(luities
of Roffltniim vk no more «f icDtial to it
515
Literary and Schnti/ic InteUigene^.
[May,
than they are to true Chriatianity. No
one can enter into St. PanVs Cathedral
with the same feelinp^ with which he
enters Westminster Abbey ) nor will all
the magnificence of St. Peter's at Rome
impress the mind with the same mysterioos
sense of religions awe which is experienced
in York Miiister."
THK MABTTRS' MEMORIAL AT OXFORD.
We gave in onr last Number, p. 41 3, an
account of the alteration of plan arranged
by the Committee for this public monu-
ment. We hare been favoured with co*
pies of several documents connected with
this Resolution, and of the Instructions
furnished to the Architects. Our space
will only allow ns to make some extracts
from the latter.
** The Monument is to be that sort of
Memorial or Monumental Cross which
Edward I. caused to be erected in fifteen
places to bear witness to his affection for
his deceased Queen, and are known by
the name of ' Eleanor Crosses*' Three
of them still remain, at Geddington, Nor-
thampton, and Waltham. They are built
upon different geometrical principles, the
first being triangular, the second octan-
gtdar, and the third sextangular, in their
bases, and in the general arrangement of
their sides and shafts.
'' Of these kinds of Memorial Crosses^
the Committee have chosen that which in
its general geometrical construction may
be called hexagonal : with certain modifi-
cations hereinafter set forth, they have
adopted, for the plan and purpose of their
monument, the Hexagonal Cross at Wal-
tham, in the parish of Cheshunt, Hert-
fordshire.*'
The several engravings of Waltham
Cross are then enumerated, and it is
observed, that upon its restoration the
terminating member of the structure, as
finally executed and at present seen, differs
both from that in Mr. Clarke's outline
engraving of it in the Gentleman's Maga-
zine (Aug. 1832, p. 105), and also from
that in Cruciana, 8vo. 1835. This cross
now labours under the defect of being too
heavy and dwarfish in its basement-story.
The original cause of this loss of height
is to be found in the repairing and raising
of the turnpike-road, and afterwards upon
its restoration, in giving height to its plat-
form of steps at the expense of the base-
ment-story.
The dimensions of this monument, and
its several parts, as recently taken by a
skilful master-builder of the neighbour-
hood, are then detailed.
Its total height from the ground is
44ft 3iin. ; the first or basement-story
being 12ft S^in. ; the second story, from
the embattled fret of the firit story to the
embattled fret at the top of the second
or statue-Btory, 12ft. ; hmght of the eta-
tnes, 6ft. 4in. $ that of the third story,
8ft. ; and that of the cross, or rather of
the pinnacle which has been snbstitated
for a cross, I Oft
" The intended cross, therefore, is to
be, as to the geometrical principle of its
construction, hexagonal, like that of Walt-
ham, and in form and character it is to
bear a general resemblanee to it ; second-
ly, it is to be raised on an hexagonal plat-
form of steps, four feet at least above the
plane of the ground adjoining ; thirdly, the
shaft or body of the cross is to consist of
three stories set ofi* at different heights,
following in this particular the course
which has been pursued in all the Eleanor
crosses ; fourthly, another rule is to be
observed, which is in like manner ob-
servable in the Eleanor crosses, that the
basement or lowest story be the least de-
corated and the most substantial, so as to
serve for a sure foundation to the upper
masses ; fifthly, it is fit too that a tiurd
rule or principle of these crosses should
be attended to, namely, that the middle
and upper stories should be the most de-
corated. But as to the constmction and
composition of the tabernacle-work and
pannel-work of the upper stories, as also
of their details of little buttresses, pedi-
ments, canopies, crockets, finials, and as
to the forms or modes of their ascent,
convergency, and termination, architects
are left to the exercise of their own taste,
judgment, and knowledge of the different
styles of Gothic architecture belonging to
different periods of time ; but, in the use
of this discretion, they are to bear in
mind, first, the hexagonal principle which
is to govern their compositions ; and, se-
condly, the genef'al form and character of
the Waltham Cross. With respect to im-
provements introduced into the pannel-
work, buttresses, cornice, fretwork of the
first story, or into the tabernacle- work
and pannel-work, &c. of the second and
third, or into the pinnacles and terminat-
ing cross, care should be taken that they
do not in style and manner become in-
congruous and foreign from the character
of the Waltham Cross ; they ought to be
formed upon such principles and in such
a style of architecture as prevailed at the
latter end of the reign of Edward 1., or
at latest under that of his successor.
** When the Comnuttee adopted the
plan and principle of the Waltham Cross,
they approved of the following modifica-
tions in respect of height, proportions,
construction of the niches for the statues,
and, lastly, as to the apex or summit of
the edifice.
"1. As to height. The present height
of the jreitored okom it WuthMB li Ibity*
1840.]
The Martyrs Memorial at Oxford.
517
four fec-t tlircc inches aud a half; the old
ht'ii^ht forty feet. There is a very strong
iinpresaion ui>on the feelings of the Com-
mittee, tliut the Memorial cross which
tlicy wisli to see erected should be as high
as tiie celebrated Market Cross at Coven-
try (now no more), tifty-seven feet, and
th:it it should bu placed on a graduated
platform four feet high at least. There is
an engraving of the Coventry cross ia
Thomas's edition of Dugdale's Warwick-
shire, voL i. p. \4'2,
" .'. As to proportions. The lowest
or basement story, by a suitable increase
of it:i height, should be made to lose that
heavy and dwarfish appearance which it
now presents to the eye. The proportions
may linis be nia<Ie to resemble those as-
si'j^ned to the cross in the old engravings
in the Vetusta Monumcntn, and in those
to l)e seen in Farmer's History of Walt-
ham Abb(ry, and Dr. Stukeley's Itinera-
linm (uriosum; and generally the pro-
portions of all the three stories, as also
(i( the terminating member or members of
the monument, should be so managed and
moditied in bulk as well as height, as to
]>resent un outline of greater elevation,
and a .form of more graceful convergence
than those «f the present Wallham Cross.
" :\. Re^.l^d beini( had to the main ob-
jeet of this monument, which is the com-
memoration of the martyred Prelates, their
statues should be to placed in their re*
vpeetive niches, ami the niches them-
si^lves so constructed, that their sculp*
tured f«irms may stind forth with greater
prominence than those of Queen Eleanor
in the Wultham and the Northampton
CTo<.si's, and more like those in the Ged-
ilin^ton Cross.
"4. In all the old pictures of this
Cro»!», the third or highest story appears
truneited or abruptly rut off. The rea-
son of this is to be found in a local cir*
eum>tan(e. The ancient abbey of Wal-
tham Holy Cross hiul for its arms a cross
planted on a rock ^ Mount Calvary). (See
Fuller's History •)f Walfham Abbey.)
The sanu' was on its seal. (See Ogborne's
History of Ks^ex.) Hence it was that
tin: 5hnft of the finial Cross at Waltham
was <io much higher than that of the
other", beini; tweire feet high. It was of
st«>ni', and very massive. It therefore l>e-
camc neccstary to give great strtwigth to
till- highest Ktory of the structure, that
the Cross might bo lodged in a substan-
tial socket, and supported with nafety.
To this necessity is to be attributed the
truncated appearance of the top of the
upper story ; but such necessity does not
exist in the present undertaking. There-
fore the workmanship of the upper story
should be no modified m to preaent no
abruptness of termination, no heavy cap,
like a pedestal. On the contrary, the
principle of continued approximation to a
point should govern the upper as well as
lower parts. The buildine should be con-
tinuously carried onwards and upwards,
so as to exhibit a structure uniformly and
gracefully pvramidical, ' fine by degrees
and beautifully less,* like the famous
Cross of Coventry.
'* These four points of modification
having been duly specified, a few words
will be added upon certain points of de-
tail. And first, as to the collocation of
the statues. That of the Archbishop
should occupy the niche which in the
W'altham Cross would be called one of the
large central niches of the second story.
It should be that which would upon the
erection of this monument face north-
wards towards St. Giles's Church. The '
statue of Bishop Ridley should be placed
in the great central niche of the second
story, to the right hand of the Archbi-
shop's statue, and consequently towards
Balliol College. The stetue of Bishop
I^timer should be placed in the great
central niche of the same story, on the
left hand of the Archbishop's statue. The
statues by good workmanship should be
made in aspect, apparel, and attitude^
characteristic and commemorative of the
martyrs ; but the statuary work belongs
to the sculptor rather than the architect»
and need not be further described, llie
inscription, as settled and agreed upon
Nov. 17, lk^.'i8, is to be cut upon that
])annel of the basement story which is
directly under the statue of the Arch-
bishop. The escocheons of Cranmeri
Ridley, and Latimer, coupled with those
of their respective sees (in further com-
memoration of their personal and episco-
pal relations, and of the virtues which,
under divine aid, enabled them to fulfil
the duties belonging to those relations),
are to be laid upon the panncls of the
basement story, after the manner of the
escocheons of Castile, Leon, and Pon-
tliicu. laid upon the basement pannels of
the Eleanor Cross.
*' And lastly, as to the finial or termi-
nating cross, it is in shape to be like that,
which originally formed the tcrminatiom
of the Waltham Cross (being like the
cross of Calvary, as seen on the seal end
arms of the .\bbey).'*
The designs are to be delivered to Dr.
Macbride, Principal of Magdalen Ilsil,
on or bt'fore the ITtth of May. They are
to be drawn tui the scale of four feet to in
inch, and shaded in Indian ink or sepia,
to express the parts in relief. The suc-
cessful competitor will be employed M
•rcbitecti or recciTc the sum of 40/.
518
ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.
April 2. Hudson Gurney, esq. V.P.
J. A. Repton, esq. F.S.A. exhibited
drawings of some carvings of the time of
Henry the Eighth, chiefly consisting of
arabesque ornaments ; they were formerly
at Halnaker, near Chichester, but are now
removed to Earl Delawarr's new man-
sion at Buckhurst.
Alfred Surges, esq. F.S.A. commu-
nicated some further observations on the
old bridge at Bow : illustrated by a draw-
ing.
A portion was read of an account from
C. Roach Smith, esq. F.S.A. of several
Roman vases containing bones, beads,
armillee, &c. and coins near them, dis-
covered at Strood, Bapchild, Oare, and
Upchurch, in Kent ; Mr. Smith exhibited
three of the vases, with drawings of se-
veral others, furnished by the Rev. Mr.
Woodruffe, of Upchurch, and by C.
Charlton, esq. of Rochester.
April 9. Mr. Gumey in the chair.
C. F. Barnwell, esq. one of the Audi-
tors, read the report of the Treasurer's
accounts for the year ending 31st Dec.
1839, from which it appeared that the
Society's income during that period
amounted to 1836/. Os. 2d. ; that 734/.
&f. Bd, had been expended to Artists and
in Publications of the Society ; and that
500/. stock had been added to the So-
ciety's funded property, which now
amounts to 7000/. in the three per cent,
consols.
His Grace the Duke of Beaufort, by
Mr. Hooper, exhibited the original grant
of the lordship of Gower, in Wales, to
his grace's ancestor by Charles the Se-
cond,— the grant having on the face of it
a portrait of King Charles.
Lieutenant H. Worthington exhibited
two ancient guns, or chambers of guns,
found at Dover, with a drawing of a simi-
lar gun taken up from the wreek of the
Mary Rose, one of the war ships of Henry
the Eighth.
Mr. Gumey exhibited an impression
from an ancient seal in the possession of
Mr. Delwyn, bearing the legend, " Si-
gillum commune Domus Beati Davidis
de Swanzey."
The Key. J. M. Trahcme, F.R.S. and
F.S.A. exhibited a drawing, accompanied
by a description, of the Culver hole, in the
side of a hill in Gower, which was con-
verted into a place of defence.
J. O. HaUiwell, esq. F.R.S. and F.S.A.
communicated some additional observa-
tions on a seal found at Cambridge, and
exhibited at a former meeting (see p. 304).
It probably belonged to the Vice Warden
of the house of Gray Friars of Cam-
bridge.
Dr. Bromet, F.S.A. referring to Mr.
Repton's drawings of the canrings for-
merly at Halnaker Hoote, exhibited se-
veral views of the house itself, and of the
interior of the hall before it arrived at
its present state of complete ruin.
The reading of Mr. C. Roach Smith's
account of Roman remains found in the
neighbourhood of Strood was concluded.
There was no meeting of the Society
in Passion Week; and the anniversary
meeting took place on Thursday, AprU
23, being St. George's Day, when the
President, Treasurer, Director, and Se-
'cretaries, were re-elected. The new
Council are. The Earl of Aberdeen, Tho-
mas Amyot, esq. Charlet F, Barnwell,
esq. John Bruce, esq. Deeimiu Burton,
eeq. Nicholas Carlisle, esq. T. Crqfton
Croker, esq. Sir Henry Ellis, K.H. J%o-
mas Earl de Grey, Hudson Gomeyy esq.
Henry Hallam, esq. William lUchard
Hamilton, esq. the Rev. Joseph Hunter,
Sir Frederick Madden, K.H. Dr. Mere-
wether, Dean of Hertford, Thomas Phil-
lips, esq. John Gage Rokewode, esq.
Charles Roach Smith, esq. Sir Richard
Westmaeott, Knt. the Right Hon. C. W.
Williams Wynn, and Charles Otorge
Young , esq. ; those in Italics being the
new Members of the CoundL Sir Henry
Ellis announced the death of twenty-
eight Fellows of the Society daring the
last year, and three withdrawn ; also the
election of twenty-three new FeUows, and
one Foreign Member. In the evening, a
good muster of the Society dined at the
Freemasons* Tavern, under the presidency
of Mr. Hudson Gumey.
BRITISH MUSEUM.
The Trustees of the British Mosenm
have recently purchased the famous
bronze statue of the collection of the
late M. J. F. Mimaut. It represents a
young man the size of life,* entirely naked,
and standing, the head turned to the right,
the arms lightly bent before, and the left
leg slightly inclined as if at rest. The head
is bound with a twisted fillet {stropMum),
and the hair, which is excessively profuse,
and falls in curls upon the shoulders,
forms a kind of knot in front. The whites
* Only four and twenty bronzes of this
size are known, and most are in Italian
collections.
1840.]
Antiquarian Researches,
r,in
of till* ryos nrr inlaul with plates of silver,
and the iii|)|)lt>» of the hreast cire in red
rii|»p«r. 'J'liis bronze, whirh is considered
\ery superior to the gilt one found at
IJlUhorine, Ins been east in nine ])ieees,
( ach the tiiieknoss of a line. Tlie sutures,
wliich have bei-n hammered together with
irreat pn'rision. are only discernible in
till' tVacture of the limb, or by ))laein(; a
i-inille in the interior of the statue. Part
of th«' rii;ht le^f. the foot of the left, and
t)u' plinth of the Hi^ure, which were melted
by the Arab'*, have been restored by M.
ilii<<nii. under tht> direction of M. l)e la
Kontaine. Opinions are at present di-
\iiU'd as tf) whether it represents the
iiKtfurfKn^ui^ it^l}t>\atTrjs AttuXXo)!/ *' the
un-lioni and soft-tressed Apollo,'*
an '• Kids Apteros," or Ganymedes. It
\\a> found at Ziftch, and is apparently not
niui-h oldrr than the first century before
(hrixt. brim; in a heavy and thick style
<»f art. It is saitl to have been purchased
f«»r 12.jOt> francs (£."H»(0. and is now de-
po><itt'd in the ante- room of the l'hyq;alean
riMitn, at the back of the pilaster where
the N'rnus ]>rcsented by Kioi^ William the
Fourth stands.
rnK rARTnr.NON.
At the nieetiiu; <if the Royal Society of
Literature, held on the I'Jth March, the
( b«\alier Hroiistcdl read a very import-
ant paper on the sculptures of the West-
ern I'eiliinent of the Parthenon : previous
to uhieh, Mr. Hamilton rend the follow-
iiii; extract of an interestini; letter to Or.
llo.-tock I'a menibcrnf the Councih, from
liio MUi. Mr. J. A. liostoek. at Athens:
" The Parthenon was built uptHi tlte
foundation^ of the fir*(t teni]tle, which was
destroved bv the Persians; and these
t<)unilations are still seen at the wentern
front, where they form part of the obloni;
plitf'irm on whu^h the present building
.<tand-. This platform is not flat, but is
arrlicd in both directitms, the four corners
btim; consitlerably lower than the centre.
Tbe ciilunins are all thirty-four feet hii;h,
and tlien tore the capitaN antl the rnta-
bj.itiire have all the oame arch. It is not
seen at a distance, but is ilistinetly visi-
ble by pl.ii'iui; the eye .at one corner of
tbe cornice, or any other of the lines,
will n It i«> seen toilcviate from the straight
ny of lii^ht. The axes of the c(dumns
-tUo nre not perpendicular but ineline<l
towaril^ tbe centre, or rather to the line
ot the biKheyt ridf^e of the roof. This
irii'lination in jiroduceil by the Ii>west
-lone of eacli column brim; an incli and a
lialt lii;(her on one side (the external)
thin on the other. liotli these peculiari-
tu r aiitl much to the strength and btdi-
iiit\ of the whole fabric, aud counteract
the tendency of the eolnmnfl to l)c forced
outwards by the weight of the n>of. We
obscr\ed the same thim; in the temple of
Theseus, which is nearly in its original
state. There appears to be no doubl
that the whole building was coloured;
the prevailint; tint was red ; the triglyphs
and gutta.' were azure ; fragments, prov-
ing this to have been the case, arc now in
the museum at Athens ; and I found in
a fold of drapery, in one of the only two
figures in the western pediment which
still remain in their places, a large piece
of blue."
Mr. BrOnstedt began his very interest-
ing discourse by obser^-inir, ' that the
figures were smaller on the Western than
on the Kastern Pediment ; and he inci-
dentally gave his opinion that the fitmous
temple at Egina was a Temple of Pallas,
and not, as has been imagined, of Jupiter.
With regard to the immediate matter
under discussion, fewer fragments of the
Western than of the Easteni Pediment
had descended to our times, and drawings
f»f only six could be exhibited. In some
measure the loss was supplied by the
drawings of Carre, who copied the work
as it api>eared in U'u.i or A. It then con-
sisted of eighteen figures and two horses ;
the original having been complete in
twenty figures and four horses. Fourteen
years after the time of Carry's the Par-
thenon (this portion in particular) was
nearly destn)yed by an explosion of gun-
]iowder, during the siege of Atliens and
the war bt>tween the Venetians and Turks.
It was worthy of remark, that among the
troops of the former were a considerable
number fmm the north of Kuro|>c, and
}>y these many of the fragments scattered
by this accident were carried away.
Among others, Koningsmark, the general
who commanded the Venetian cavalry,
preserved two heads ; and they were dis-
covered by M. Kronstcdt in the Mnseum
at Copenhagen, so recently as the year
IHJK. Me accounted for their havinic
remained so hmg unknown, by the death
of M. 1 1 art maun, by whom they had
be< II transmitted, without any statement
of what they were, or t<i what structure
they belongeil. ^Knirravings uf these
heads, full of exprosion, were shewn,
and no doubt could btr felt of their au-
thenticity.) The Chevalier then referred
to a passage in *' .\polIudorus,** who de-
scribes the Phidian sculpture on the
p<'diment as repn-senting the strife be-
tween Minerva and Neptune for the
divinity of Attica ; ami the author says
that the figures were stated to consist of
the River (lods and I^ocal llrnMrs of the
place ; though he was inclined to the
opinion that they might be the twelve
520
Antiquarim Btuarehei.
CM»y.
great Olympian Godi.* To the former
hypothesU tiie CheFalicr adhered, and
thought that every portion of the design
proved that the queation was decided, in
conformity with tne most ancient mytho-
logy, hy personages of local worship,
smeh as the people of Athens deified two
centuries before our era ; whereas the
Olympian Gods had only grown into faith
and superiority during the six or eight
centuries that succeeded. Before the
Alexandrine time, when they acquired this
supremacy, Cecrops, Erechtbeus, and other
local divinities, were invoked at Athens, and
the same occurred in other parts of Greece.
An example of this was found at Corinth,
where, in the dispute between Apollo and
Neptune, Briareus, a local deity like
Georops at Athens, and not an Olympic
God, decided the question that Acro-
Corinth should belong to Apollo, and
the low lands to Neptune. Other in-
stances of the same land might also be
quoted. The Chevalier now came to the
figures on the pediment ; and from many
cogent reasons and references, pointed
out that the centre was occupied oy Mi-
nerva and Neptune, with the olive-tree
between them, and the latter as if moving
to depart. On the side of Minerva the
next figures were the Victory vrithout
wings (for Minerva, like her father Ju-
piter, could never be vanquished) guiding
her chariot, and attended by her mytho-
logical son. On the side of Amphitrite,
his wife, and their only daughter, occu-
pied similar places. Towards the angle
of Minerva, Cecrops and his wife,t and
family of three daughters and one youth-
ful son, were represented. Towards the
other angle, Erechtheus and his family
appeared ; but, not being so numerous as
the Cecropian group, they were balanced
by tiie introduction of two figures, the
first the Mythos of the Land of Attica,
and the other of the Sea. In the lap of
the former, two children appeared ; and
from the lap of the latter. Aphrodite, the
in£uit -Venus, was rising. Each angle
was finished by Biver Gods and Fountain
Deities belonging to the soil, and the
Chevalier repudiated the notion that
those on the right were Latona, &c. ; for
Latona was much later in the Greek
mythology, and could not be present at
the fij'st exploit of the great Attic divi-
nity Minerva. — ^This is a hasty outline of
a very delightful and instructive lecture,
in which a volume of classical and anti-
quarian research was embodied.
• The figures, however, as before stated,
were twenty in number. Edit,
f Cecrops and his wife are the only
figures remaining, being preserved by
the incumbent fall of the heavy marble
cornice above them. '
9
BOIfAN COIN! VOUKD A.T riVBVtST.
A short time since, a qoantity of
Roman coins were found in the south
bank of the Castle at Pevensey, immedi-
ately under the outer wall. They are as
follows : Of
Constantine the
younger • 2
Constans . . 6
Magnentitts 5
Constantius (Gallus) 5
Valentinian . 9
Valens • • 3
Gratian . • 1
Coins with the Head
of Rome, << Urbi
Roma, *' reverse
'<The Wolf and
Chihlren*' . 3
Constantinopolis 1
Defaced and illegible 5
Minimi, several.
These coins are all in braas, well
preserved, but present nothing rare or
imiuual in their types. In fact they are
the commonest of the common, being
daily found throughout the vaat extent of
what were once the provinces of the
Roman empire. They may, howerer,
serve to stimulate the antiquary to inves-
tigate the site. The bank in which they
were deposited appears to have been un-
touched since the intentional or acciden-
tal deposit, and it is possible that more
of the building may be of Roman con-
struction than is generally allowed.
OLO HOUSV AT 8H0RIDITCH.
A relic of ancient domestic architecture
has been recently tiken down in the High
Street of Shoreditch, which, although pos-
sessing little of interest on the gronnd of
architectural decoration, was remarkable
from its antique and rustic character, and
the contrast it afforded to the adjoining
houses. It was a plain example of the
domestic architecture of the early part of
the sixteenth century, one story in height
above the ground floor, and oondsted of
a centre, where was the original porch of
entrance, flanked by two acute gables with
enriched barge-boards, and pUstered. This
portion alone had any interest, the other
parts of the house having been altered to
suit the convenience of the modem pos-
sessors, it being divided into two tene-
ments, forming Nos. 54 and 55 in Shore-
ditch. At the period of its erection it
was probably the first house on ttiat aide
of the road, in the villagt of Shoredstdir
similar houses being found in sneh sitaa-
tions in almost everj conatry villan. ▲
group of old houses formerly nxiatei abe«t
the same spot, on one of wiiicli waa (Im
royal tnni of a sorereicii oC tho Hovm
1840.]
Antiquarian Researches.
Ml
of Tudor, which was noticed in Gent.
Mixfr. for May 1822, p. 40b'. The subject
of the present notice was almost the last
remaining.
ROMAN IIVPOCAUST NEAR UUD-
DKRHFIKLD.
Mr. Urban, In pursuance of my promise
I s hall give a brief description of the remains
of a Roman llypocaust, which I had the
good fortune to discover at a place called
Slack, a few miles from Huddersfieldy on
thi' site of the ancient Cambodunum.
Some labourers in search of stone, for
which these fields have been the quarry
of ai^es, brought to light a ver}' extensive
pavement, not less than ten feet wide,
with a wall on either side. Being present
at the time, my attention was attracted to
the singular appearance of a flag stone of
great thickness, through which there was
a groove, intended, probably, for the ad-
mission of air, for, on its removal along
with a large maxs of Roman cement, we
penetrated a cavity, which had all the
characters of a Roman llypocaust. The
fragment:* of charcoal that were visible
within and around it, strengthened this
supposition ; on subsequent examination
there appeared seven tiers of pilasters, of
wliiih tliere were also seven to each tier.
The roof of the furnace was com]>osed of
s<|uare stone, above which there was a
layer of Roman bricks of a handsome ap-
pe.iraiue, each twenty-one inches square.
But wh It particularly excited our admira-
tion, was a series of closely cemented flues
or tubes, which nearly surrounded this
quadrangular figure, some of which being
M'ored in imitation of tesselated pave-
ment, gave it an air of neatness and sym-
metry, which WHS compared, by the S])ec-
tators, to the front of an organ. The
tubes or tlues were about twelve inches
long, and at the end six and a halfby five
inehe>. Some of the flues were found iu
an horizontal position, and it seems pro-
uh\c. that in its perfect state there were
many others intended probably to convey
warmth to the adjacent houses, for the
remains of a foundation wall nearly a yard
ihiek were discovered near it. The nu-
merous masfiy fragments of Roman mortar,
Ixautifnlly rhecquered with broken brick,
scemi'd to form the flo<}r of the bath.
Much discrepancy of opinion cxii^ted at
the time nn to the real nature of this
structure, som«r regarding it merely as a
brick kiln ; but whoever will take the
trouble to runsult Vitruvius Pollio will
readily adopt the designation here given it.
Til*' late Mr. Taylor, the architect,
kindly favoured me with a drawing of the
( ntirvt structure, before it waa removed to
the residtrnce of the late Mr. AlleOi but Us
G£«>(T, Mao. Vol, Xlil.
present appearance, though safficient to
shew the object of the structure, is not to
well calculated to convey a correct know-
ledge of its various parts, so many por-
tions being wanting, and others matilated
or injured. Imperfect, however, as it it,
it remains a singular specimen of Roman
ingenuity. It appeara, however, that tkii
hypocaust is not the only one that hat
been discovered at this Roman itatioD| a
similar one having been recorded bT Uie
late Dr. Whitaker, in his account or thit
place. I must not omit to mention that
several pieces of bone were collected at
no great distance from the floor of the
hypocaust, some of which appeared to
have escaped decomposition from tlieir
having been partially calcined and em-
bedded in a maas of charcoal and dneri-
titious matter. There wai one bone,
however, that was singolaiir perfect, a
spheroid bone, which, ttom its aitoatioay
sustained less injury from the flamet.
I have little doubt that near thit ipot,
once was the depository of the ashet of
the dead, and from what we then explored*
from the general appearance of diaperaed
fragments of umt and bonet and charcoal^
that at the period when this place wat de-
stroyed, this cemetery, among the rest,
became an object pf plunder and deratta-
tion. Neither can there be much doubt,
I apprehend, on a careful examination (tf
the appearance of the stones and the ad-
jacent soil, that one mode by which thit
town was destroyed, was by fire. Among
the remains many pieces of iron nailt,
some coated with mortar, a piece of lattioe
made of iron, and a fragment of what ap-
peared to be a key, now in my possessioa,
were picked np. Various bits of vitriied
substance were also collected.
Nor was there reason to doubt, coa-
trary to the opinion of Dr. Whitakat,
that this place was occupied by * Romaa
garrison, or rather by a garrison in tbo
pay of Rome, to a very late period, for on
repeated occasions, when excavatioiis have
been made, and indeed, very lately, a large
collection of tiles have been dug up, simi-
lar to what it fell to my lot to discorer
sixteen yean ago, with the inscriptioi!>
con IlII BRE, and which resemUe
those found at Grimscar, near Hndden-
field, in the reign of Queen Elizabetli.
Some very beautiful specimens of tilea*
hearing this inscription, will be exhibited
at the approaching exhibition of curioti*
ties, about to take place at the Philoto*
))hical Hall in this town.
It should seem tliat, from the perturbed
state of the empire during the last days of
('ambodunum, the garrison duty wat con-
fided to auxiliary troops, and among otban
to the fourth cohort of the firitont, who
3X
522
Aniiquariati Reteofches*
[May,
appear to have been at great painii to leave
behind thrni in this station such abund-
ant attestations cif their presence. When
the flower uf the Italian troops was with-
drawn from the shores of Britain to assist
in repelling the attacks of hostile barbari-
ans at home, it became necessary to entrust
the guardianship of the conquered pro-
vinces to such native troops as could be
relied u]H>n. Such was the case in all the
Roman settlements in Britain during the
waning fortunes of the empire. Much
may, and no doubt will be brought to
light by future discoveries in this place,
which was so entirely destroyed as to have
sunk into oblivion in the process of ages.
We have no inscription of a later date
than the one above alluded to. Nor is it
known by whom the town was finally de-
stroyed. There is, indeed, the evidence
of a Saxon coin to shew that the Saxons
visited the place, and the most probable
supposition is, that it was a battle ground
for contending armies at an early period,
and probably the name by which the place
is now known. Slack (or as early docu-
ments have it. Slag) may have arisen from
this cause. The earliest writings called
the fields, which formed the ground plot
of Cambodunum, the '^eald fields,''
a title they retain to the present day, but
we still recognize in the name of the
township ** Scameden," as it is written in
the earliest documents, a corruption of the
Roman appellation Cambodunum. The
aspirate prefixed is not unusual in other
languages than the Saxon.
There is a hUl called Watch HiU, which
formerly had some remains of earth-work
on it, and this has usually been considered
a Saxon work, though others have deter-
mined it to be Roman. There is a place
not far from this hill, and situate on a
gentle declivity on the side of the Roman
road, which the most ancient deeds call
the Laches. This term, in the Saxon
language, signifies " Cadavera." On this
very spot, not more than a century ago,
were still visible a considerable number of
tumuli, presenting an appearance not
unlike an ordinary churchyard, though I
can detect no such appearance at the pre-
sent day. The tradition prevalent ac-
counted for it by supposing that a great
battle was fought there, and that the bodies
of those that fell were here interred. But
it seems quite as probable from the con-
tiguity of the place to the Roman town,
that it was a place of interment ordinarily
used by the inhabitants, especially as it
was a common practice with the Romans
to bury on the roadside, and if this was
the case, it must have been so used after
the practice of burning the dead and urn-
burial was discontinaedi as no firagmeiits
of urns have ever been found. It it not
improbable that this wai the burying place
of the inhabitants, after Chriatianity was
first established in this Roman settlement.
For I am inclined to believe that in this,
as in most of the principal towns situate
on the great roads, Christianilj was
preached during the Roman dominion in
Britain. I have noticed in so many in-
stances the marks of a cross on portions
of tiles and bricks, detached from any
other figure, that I can hardly believe it to
be accidental, and I fully expect that
among the subterraneous remains of this
town, yet to be explored, some fbrtunate
discovery will hereafter be made, fSiat shall
establish the truth of my opinion. The
small number of coins discovered in the
different excavations, rather proves how
completely this place was pillaged at the
Kra of its destruction, than that it was a
town of small importance. Many coins
have, however, been found here, of which
no record is preserved ; others are record-
ed by Mr. Watson in his account of his
own discoveries in this place. Some
years ago a statement appeared in the pub-
lie papers, of a discovery made in a quarry
in the neighbourhood of Slack, of a valua-
ble collection of coins; of these many
were of silver, and among many Roman
several Greek coins were found. 1 have
never been able to ascertain whether there
existed any just ground for crediting this
assertion, whether any such discovery was
ever made, or into whose hands so valua-
ble a treasure fell ; and yet it is difficult
to believe that any one would invent such
a paragraph for the mere purpose of
amusing a few antiquity-loving readers.
If such discovery was made, it is Uie duty
of the fortunate holder of these treasures,
to favour the world with a correct and cir-
cumstantial description of them, as the
coins appeared, from the account, of a most
valuable kind. It is, however, beyond all
doubt, that within a few miks of Slack
many interesting discoveries of coins have
been made at d^erent times. One such
was made not long ago, near Thurstonlandy
of which I gave some account in your
publication . The discovering a goU Roman
coin at Holmfirth, in this neighbourhood,
shews that the imperial conquerors were
familiar with every portion of this numn-
tainous district. Though fifteen centuries
have elapsed since this coin was'stmdc, it
appears as perfect as a modem coin, and
its beauty is a subject of admiration to all
who have seen it. This coin, or perhaps
medal, I alluded to on a former occasion.
It seems to have been struck in honour of
some victory, and has the impression of
the head of Carinus, who reigUDd A.D.
^4-5, and ii one of tiie few gflM eoiu of
1840.]
Antiquarian Researches.
523
that emperor discoveretl in Britain. The
monarch whom it represents was one of
the most worthless characters in history.
The inscription is quite legible — on the
obverse it is •* Marcus Aurelius Carinus
Nobilis Caesar," with the head of Carinus
with a fillet round it, and on the reverse
"Victoria August!,** with an image of
victory standing upon a globe in the act of
presenting a laurel crown; other coins
have been found at Elland, in Barkisland
and Stainland, and some mouldt qfcoint in
my possession found at Lingards. Many
other indications of Roman occupancy are
to be found in that most ancient part of
the parish of Huddersfield, Longwood and
Srammonden. In brealdng up some
common land of my own near to my
country residence, I bad the pleasure of
bringing to light a Roman milbtone, which
appears afterwards to have been used by
their Sason successors. But should any-
thing of particular interest be discovered
hereafter, I will take the liberty of trani-
initting some account for the perusal of
your readers. J. K. Walker, M.D,
FRKNCH ANTIQUARIAN INTELLIGENCE.
Paris. — The Comit6 Ilistorique des
Arts ct Monuments, has resumed its la-
bours since the Ist of January last, and has
met eight times. It has examined and
analysed 40 memoirs and notices, sent
into it from French or foreign corret-
pondcnts, upon subjects of archaeological
interest ; and it has classified 100 series
of answers returned to the set of ques-
tions which were issued last year, and
which wc laid before our readers soon
after they were published. Within two
months from the present time the Co-
mitC- intends to publish a new volume of
" Instructions," relative to the external
architecture of Churches of the Byxan-
tine, Romanesque, pointed, and renais-
sance stvles : it will also issue, about the
MHme time, the first numbers of the
splendid works the StaiUiique Monu*
mentale de Paris, and the Mftnographie
tlr la Cathedrale de Chartm. During the
course of the summer the monography or
description of the Cathedral of Noyon
will be published under its orders, and
Also a volume of '* Instnictions *' relative
to the military architectures of the Middle
Aice*. AH the.se works will be sent to
all the members of the Comit^'*, including
the corresponding meml)«rs for England.
After an immense deal of trouble, and by
dint of unwearied solicitation on the part
of the ('omitf , the present Minister of
INihlic Instntction, M. Cousin, has ctm-
jkcnted to |>erform the promise made by
hi.H pre<leccssor in office, M. ViUemain,
of aUowing the Comity to pablbb a bul*
letin of its proceedings. The first num-
ber of this lughly valuable publication hat
just appeared, and we have no doubt that
it will be duly appreciated by the archco-
logists of all countries. It will be sent
regularly to all foreign members. The
object of the bulletin is to give an account
of the business transacted at each sitting
of the Comity, together with extracts
or ritumis of the memoirs and corres*
pondence. The first number contains an
account of the formation of the Com-
mittee under M. Guizot, and the first
report of transactions for 1838 by M.
Gasparin. The second number is to con-
tain a report of the proceedings for 1839.
After that, the plan of the bulletins will
be as mentioned above, and they will ap-
pear either once a fomight or once a
month. We may add that the Comit^
has received, with great interest, some
reports recently addressed to it from some
of the English corresponding members^
and are anxious to keep up a constant
communication with them. This first
bulletin publishes the complete list of all
the members French and foreign : those
for England are as follows : Messrs. Brit-
ton, Gage Rokewode, Gaily Knight,
Edward Hawkins, Michael Jones, Ixm-
gueville Jones, Welby Pogin, Rickman,
Whewell, and Thomas Wright. If any
more English members are appointed by
the Minister of Public Instruction, we
shall publish their nominations.
The Minuter of Public Instruction has
refused to ratify an appointment made
before his coming into office, whereby M.
Didron, secretary of this Committee, and
Professor of Christian Archaeology, jointly
with M. A. Lenoir, was nominated Libra-
rian Conservator of Illuminated MSS. at
the Bibliothdque du Roi. The excuse al-
leged is, that the funds allotted to his de-
partment do not allow of this increase of
expense, 1,800 francs (£73) per annum.
This affair has produced a deep sensation
in the antiquarian world. The minister
has also refnse<l to allow that gentleman
and his companions, who were sent out
by the late minister M. ViUemain, to
make researches for objects of Christian
archeology in Greece, any remuneration
for their expenses, alleging the same rea-
son— penury of the public chest.
Recent Antiquarian Publicaiiom in
Paris, — M. Merim<'*e, inspector general Af
historical monuments, has published a vo-
lume on the Antiquities of Corsica, illus-
trated by numerous lithographic plates.— >
M. Achillc Jubinal, whoso large work on
ancient tapestry is well known to the
public, as well as that on the Armoury
uf Madrid, has done good service in mak-
ing a kind of abridgement of thoK book«
524
/intiquarian Sesearches in Franee.
[May.
in two volumes 8vo., thereby placing the
principal results of his researches within
tho reach of everybody, — The third vo-
lume of M. Degaule*B history of Paris
and the environs has recently appeared ;
it is an immense improvement upon Du-
Uure^s history, that book being compiled
altogether in the iconoclastic and bar-
harous spirit of the 18th century^ to say
nothing of its being fidl of errors. M.
Degaule is a pupil of the Ecole des
Chartes, ^nd is a learned antiquary i im-
l^ned with much taste and apprehension
c/t th6 fine arts. — A small book upon an
isolated portion of Parisian antiquities has
been sent through the press by M. Da-
aield, entitled " "Hie Lafe of Mme- Isa-
belle, sister to St. Louis, and foundress of
the Abbey of Long Champs.** Inde-
pendently of a good deal of interesting
matter relating to the 13th century, this
work contains a history of the Abbey of
Long Champs on the western side of the
Bois de Boulogne, once a splendid con-
ventual residence, with a fine chapel of
the 13th century ; but of which nothing
now remains except the farm buildings,
an ancient mill, and the orchard walls. — A
publication, coming out in parts, on Anjou
and its mediseval monuments, is now
nearly terminated ; it will form two oc-
tavo volumes. The engravings are by an
English artist, IMr. Hawke, and are much
admired. — ^The third number of the Bib"
iiothique de VBcole des Chartes has been
issued. Among several other interesting
articles, we have remarked in it a valu-
able notice of the Horttu deliciarum, a
MS. Encyclopaedia of the 13th century,
which may be justly considered as one of
the most curious documents connected
with the literary history of France. A
portrait of Herrade dc Lansberg, the
learned Abbess of St. Odille, who com-
posed the Hart us t copied from a MS. in
the Library of Strasburg, accompanies this
notice. M. Lacabane has been elected
President, and M. Bordier Secretary, of
the Society de 1' Ecole des Chartes, for
the current year.
Buildings, 8fc. — ^The small turret of
the ancient Abbey of St. Victor, near the
Garden of Plants, which the prefect and
municipal council of Paris, on the earnest
representations of the Comite Historiquc
des Arts et Monuments, had solemnly
promised should not be destroyed, but
when removed, on account of the widening
of the street, should be re-erected close
to its former site, has just been entirely
destroyed by order of the municipality.
This wanton piece of vandalism is the
> more inexcusable, because the turret was
one of very picturesque appearance, and
would have formed an admxnble tenni*
nation to the street in auestion. It wai
the only relic extant of the magnificent
Abbey to which it belonged. On the
other hand, the representationi of the
Comit^ have been successful in laving
the Church of St, Julien le Fauvre from
destruction: but there is always danger
from a body so decidedly hostile to mcMOi-
eval antiquities as the mmiicipalitT of
the French capital. There is a talk of
converting the ancient collegiate buildings
of the Bemardins into a barrack for the
municipal guards : but it is to be hoped
that some more suitable- destination will
be found for what remains of that fine
establishment; the refectory and dor-
mitory, of the 14th century, are some of
the most interesting ecclesiastical remains
in Paris. If any British antiquary should
chance to put up at the Hotel Taitbont,.
in the Rue Taitbout, let him beware as he
mount the stairs of treading lightly on
the fragment of the tombstone, with an
inscription of the 14th century, that lies
at the foot of it. This is one of the nu-
merous instances of precious relics of the
Middle Ages converted to vile purposes
during the Revolution, that are lo fre-
quently to be met with in Paris. — ^Tlie
Parisian architects of the present day are
making the amende honorable for the
neglect of the two last centuries, and are
erecting magnificent houses in the style of
the Renaissance or in the Palladian style
of Italy. Many of these edifices are now
made to form squares within side, their
courts being tastefully laid out and planted,
while the facades externally and internally
are richly sculptured, and have nnmenws
compartments inlaid with verd-antiqne
and various marbles. There is a very
remarkable instance of this now to be
seen at the comer of the Rue St. Laare
and the Rue St. George. The interior
making a double quadrangle is sumptuous
in the extreme. The rooms are kt out
to different families.
AvEYRON. — ^The Church of Conques,
in the diocese of Rhodes, one of the most
|>erfect examples of the Byzantine style
m France, and upon which M. Prosper
Merim^'c has published a learned notice,
in which he carries its date back to the
time of Charlemagne, is about to be
thoroughly repaired. The CommiMion
des Monuments Historiques under the
Minbter of the Interior, and the Comit€
Historique des Arts et Monuments, have
made the strongest representations to the
proper authorities concerning the preser-
vation of this edifice. A small sum, 10,000
francs, has just been allotted for this par-
pose by the Minister of the Interior.
BoucBKs Du Rhonx. — A turn «f
30,000 francs has been allotted )/f ih»
1840.]
Antiquarian Researches in France*
525
Coromission des Monuments Historiques
for the further excavation and preserva-
tion of the Roman Theatre at Aries.
The works now going on have laid open
tlie Proscenium ; they are under the di-
rection of M. Caristie, Architect, and
their total cost is estimated at 150,000
francs. The firit excavationB made at
Aries for the preservation of its Roman
monuments were commenced in 1825 ;
since that time the state ; has ^^nted
130', 000 francs for this purpose ; the de-
partment 51,936 francs; and the muni-
cipality of Aries 116,435 francs.
Drome. — The Council General of this
department has voted a large sum of
money, to be expended in successive
years, upon the reparations and restora-
tion of the Church of St. Paul-Trois-
Chateaux, founded in a.d. 800.
Gard. — A short time since, some
workmen engaged in digging for founds •
tiuns on the hill aide, near the Tour-
niagne (Turns Magna) at Nismea, found
a vase with a considerable quantity of
coius in it. These they disposed of to
various persons, and only 10 have as yet
fallen into the hands of any connoisseurs.
They prove to be of high interest : among
them arc some of the beginning of the
Hth century, struck at Maguelonne, the
ancient Mesua, by the pirate chiefs who
then made it their stronghold. One of these
coins has the efiigy of one of these chiefs,
and on the reverse a cross with crescents
in each of the intervals of the arms of the
cross, an emblem, pK)bably, of the treaty
made between the Bishop of Maguelonne
and the Saracens, an act for which be
was censured by a Council of the Church.
Others of these medals are still older, and
belong to the Gauls. One of them, of
extreme rarity, (only one is known to
exist elsewhere ; it has been described by
Mt'nard) is in silver, and bears a head
with a diadem on the obverse; on the re-
verse is a horse galloping, the rider of
which hold tlie bridle with his left hand,
and in his rit^ht brandishes the Gallic
gfpsuvi. Helow the horse is the legend
Nkma. It is supposed to be of several
centuries prior to the Christian lera.
(iiRONDK. — At Ccstas, near Bordeaux,
an urn was found not long since by some
men ciigging up the roots of a tree in a
wood. Jt contained about lOO bronxe
medals, of the time of Antoninus Pius.
UcRE. — There have been discovered at
Vienne, in the bed of the Rhone, the
l^aters of which have been unusually low
for some time past, the torso of a marble
statue, a statuette, and some fragments
of a bronze basso-relievo. South of the
town, on the plain, where the foundations
of numerous Roman houses h«Te been
lately found, the workmen have hit upon
another mosaic pavement, and the frag-
ment of a basso-relievo. The latter is
about 3 feet square ; one of the figures on
it is that of Time, which, according to the
Orphic system, is represented with a
lion*8 head and wings, enveloped by a
serpent, and ^holding a key in one hand
and a lyre in the other. By his side is an
altar with a flame on it, and above is a
horse.
La Manchb, — M. Langlois of Ronen,
son ofthe late eminent antiquary, has been
charged with the making of a complete
series of drawings and historieal noticw
of the castellated antiquities of the arron*
dissements of Cherbourg and Yalognei.
They will form the baais of part of a laiys
work on the antiquities of the province of
Normandy.
Makne. — At Trefels, near Montmi-
rail, 1 ,400 pieces of silver coins of the
reigns of Philippe le Bel, and Louis la
Hutin, (1285—1316) have been disoo«
vered under the foundations of an okl
house recently demolished.
Pas ds Calais. — In an old chest of
the Mayor's Office at St. Omer, there
have just been found the common seal sad
counter seal; in silver, of the town : they
are of the 13th century. Besides them, m
private seal, the die of the money stnaek
at St. Omer during the siege in l^SS^
and other objects of more recent daSa^
{>rincipally of the time of the great Rero-
ution, have been found. They have aU
been placeJ in the town museum.
PuY DB DoiiB.— At Martes d'Artidvit
near Clermont Ferrand, a commune in
which a great number of Roman anti*
quitiea have been found, recent ezcaTA*
tions have turned up some fine pieces of
medieval money in good presenrttioM*
Among them are the 9oU eoeroiMMilt of
Robert Count of Provence, King of Jeru-
salem and Sicily, 1309—1343 1 the suae
coins of ilia successor Jeanne, CouateH
of Provence, and Queen of Jerusaleai |
the silver lions of Louis II. of Malts,
Count of Flanders, 1346—1384 i a silfw
lion of Brabant, of the same time sppe*
rently as the others, with the legend ifo*
neta Brtabnmt and on the reverse by tlie
side of a cross SU Nomen, &c., under*
neath which is Jo. Ihtjc. Lot. Brab., to-
gether with a piece of Pope Innocent VI*
1352, who was 74th Bishop of Clermont*
HiioNE. — The ancient church of the
Cordeliers at Lyons is about to be con-
verted into a suocursal chapel for one of
the pariah churches, and thoroughly re-
stored. It was erected by some Floren-
tines, after the designs of Midieel Am«
gelob
52G
[May,
HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.
PROCEEDINGS IN PARLIAMENT.
House of Commons, March 20.
Lord John Russell moved the third
reading of the Printed Papers Bill, for
the protection of the Privileges of Par-
liament in their printed papers. — Sir
R. H. Inglis moved the extension of pro-
tection to the reprints made bv news-
papers, but was defeated. The Bill
passed after a division of i 10 to 40.
Marches, hovd John Russell moveA
for leave to bring in a Bill for settling
the political constitution of Canada.
He observed that the union of the legis-
lature of the two provinces was a measure
which would not have been expedient, if
repugnant to the wishes of the colonists
themselves ; but they bad now acceded
to the principle of such a union, leav-
ing ,the arrangement of its details to
the Imperial Parliament. The evils
which a union would cure had arisen
from various causes — from the feudal
laws, from the mixed tenures of the
landsy and from the preponderance of
the representatives of French extraction
—a preponderance which had given them
a monopoly of the legislation, and had
amounted to a practical exclusion of the
English race. Against the narrow spirit
thus engendered no better remedy could
be devised than to let the inhabitants of
both provinces send members to an As-
sembly common to both, the effect of
which measure would be to deprive the
French majority of the power which they
had so ill employed. With respect to the
Legislative Council, or Upper House,
the Government and the Imperial Par-
liament were agreed that its constitution
ought not to be elective, and that the
seats in it ought to be for life. In the As-
sembly, or Lower House, he proposed
to give 78 members, or 39 for each pro-
vince. The population of Upper Canada
was indeed less numerous at present than
that of the Lower colony; but it was
increasing so rapidly, that it bade fair to
become ere long the majority. The
duration of the Assembly was to be for
four years ; and the qualification a value
of 500/. in land. Another part of the
plan was to establish municipal govern-
ments for local districts, with powers of
local taxation ; and measures would be
taken for encouraging emigration by faci*
litating moderate grants of land at mode-
rate prices. The most important point
remaining was that of the Cleigy Reserves
an appropriation made under an act of ,
Parliament, of one seventh of the lands,
as a provision for the church in lieu of
tithe. The LegisUture of Upper Canada
had recently passed a bill upon this sub-
ject. They had not been willing to leave
the whole of these reserves to the churdies
of England and Scotland, still less to the
church of England alone ; but their bill
had proposed to give one half to these
two established churches, and distribute
the other half to the uses of the varioas
sects existing in the colony. Whether
or not this arrangement were such as in
the abstract he should have approved, he
was prepared, now that he found it had
down in the shape of a bill, to advise that
it should be sanctioned by the Hoytl
assent, in the belief that it would restore
peace and harmony. — Mr. Hume objected
to the Noble Lord's plan as not popoJar
enough. — Sir Robert Inglis and Mr.
Pakington protested against the Canadian
Bill for the appropqation of the Clergy
Reserves. — Sir C. Greyshottldlmvewished
to see the whole of the Reserves applied
to the purposes of the established
churches, and grants of other lands con-
ceded to the Dissenters. Nevertheless,
he deprecated the interposition of the
house with the Crown to obtain the re-
jection of the bill, and announced his in-
tention of supporting the Government
measure in general. — Sir R, Peel thought,
that, until the House could see the Ca-
nadian Reserves Bill, and the bill now
proposed by Government, dl discussion
would be premature. — Leave was given
to bring in the bill.
March 24. Mr. Law Hodges moved
for leave to bring in a bill to render ef-
fective the Constabulary Forck of
England and Wales. Its principal object
is to enable those counties which do not
think it advisable to adopt the provisions
of the Police Act, to avail themselves of
the ancient constabulary force of the
county, and to establish " special high*
constables '* for one or more divisions of
a county. — Leave given.
March 25. Lord Sianleg moved the
second reading of a RsQxsTAAnoy or
1840.]
Pttrliamentary Proceedings.
527
Voters (Ireland) Bill. — Mr. F. French
ituid the bill would curtail the elective
franchise when it ought to be extended.
It would throw on the electors the onus
of defending their franchise twice every
year, and subject them to heavy costs.
He also objected to the increase of duties
which the bill would throw on the judges,
and on those accounts be moved that it
be postponed for six months. — Mr. Hawet
seconded the amendment. — Air. Shaw
supported the Bill. Tl^ present regis-
t ration continued a roan on the registry
for eight years, and produced a number
of liciitious votes. The debate was con-
tinued on the following evening ; when it
was closed with a very violent harangue
from Mr. O'ConnelL On a division, the
second reading was carried by a majority
of 2:i4 to21o.
March 27. Mr. Hume moved for
leave to bring in a bill to suspend the
payment of the Duke of Cumberland*!
annuity whilst he should continue King
of Hanover. — Lord JoAji /2««tf// opposed
it, as a motion to take away an annuity
granted for life, which seems to comprise
ull that it can be necessary to observe in
answer. After a short debate, the mo-
tion was rejected by 76 to 63; majo-
rity, l.'i.
March 30. In Committee of Supply,
I iord John Ruuell moved the considera-
tion of the Queen's message for confer-
ring some signal mark of favour on Sir
John Colborne, now Lord Skaton.
Lord John enumerated the military and
other sernces of that distinguished officer
from his entrance into the army in 1794,
und proposed a pension of 2,000/. a year
tor three lives. — Sir Robert Peel seconded
the motion, and observed how highly
honourable it was to the British army,
that it furnished some of the most coh-
spicuous instances of civil as well as of
Mjilitary merit. — Mr. Hume opoosed the
Krant, and the House divided, for the
^,Tant, 82 ; against it, 16; majority, 66. —
The Hou<e then went into a committee
of the whole house on the Admiralty
CoraT (Ji'iMiKH) Salary Bill, when the
Chairman put the question, '* That a
yearly salary of 4,000/. be paid to the
Judge of the High Court of Admiralty
out of the Consolidated Fund of the
L'nited Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland.** — Mr. Hume objected to the
amount, and proposed that it be reduced
to.'MNN)/.— Lord JoAn RuMMell said that
the amount of salarv was extremely irre-
gular. At present it was not more than
:{,()00/. but in case of a war it would
amount to 7,000/. or H»000/. J'bU was
too much, and therefore it was proposed
to give an uniform salary, and to fix that
salary at 4,000/. The situation was one
of the highest importance, requirinff to
be filled by a person of the highest abili-
ties and the very first legal attainments.
It could not, then, be expected that a man
should abandon a lucrative practice, as
in this instance he must do, for a lets
sum than that proposed. The House
divided, for the resolution, 86; against it,
17: majority, 69.
March 31. Mr. Pakington moved the
second reading of the Bekr Bill. — Mr.
Alston proposed that it be read a second
time that day six months. — Mr. Darbf
supported the Bill, and contended that
the crimes which were committed in
Beer-Kouses, and the evils resulting from
their existence, would not be prevented
by the most efficient police that could be
established. It was well known that the
low Beer-houses were kept by men of
the very worst character — men not pes-
sessing a single shilling in the world, and
who were, in fact, the mere servanu of the
brewers. — The Chancellor of the Bxche*
auer would not oppose the second reading,
but said that the subject was one of mucli
difficulty to legishite upon. — After an
extended conversation, the House di«
vided. For the second reading, 110;
against it, 30 ; majority, 80.
April 1. Mr. VilUere moved for «
Committee to take into consideration the
Act 9 Geo. 1 V. regulating the importa-*
tion of foreign Corn. He implored the
majority who passed the bold vote of
refusal in the last session to review that
decision. The law had worked ill e?cn
for the agriculturists themselves, for
whose advantage it %vas intended ; it had
oppressed the working cUimmm, and it bed
added to the burdens of the countrr*
The present law was the great obstade
to an arrangement with the com«^rowiDf
countries of Germanv for such a niodi'*
fication of their tariff as would be lugbl^
favourable to the extension of Bntish
nwnufactures. If the existing system
were to be maintained it would be im«
possible to impose any new tax whidi
should be borne by the people at large ;
the only one at all practicable under sodi
circumstances would be a tax on property
to indemnify them a little for the impoat
on their food. — Lord Darlington was the
first to speak in opposition to the mo*
tion, and Mr. Grote followed in its &«
vour ; and the debste was continued
during the two following evenings. At
a late hour on the .3rd April, Mr. JVmr*
burton moved another adjournment of the
528
Parliameniary TroeetHngg*
[M«y.
debate, which on a division was negatived
by 245 against 129, majority 116. The
same hon. member then moved, 'Hhat
the House do now adjourn,*' and the pro-
position was carried without a division. —
The effect of this result is, that the
whole discussion fell to the ground, like a
*^ dropped order," and is expected to be
brought on again after Easter.
House of Lords, April 6.
The Lord Chancellor moved the se-
cond reading of the Printed Papers
Bill. — Lord Denman thought their lord-
ships would consult the public interest
by acceding to the motion of his noble
and learned friend. His lordship in an
able and manly manner vindicated the
constitutional law of the kingdom, and
trusted he had said enough to prove that
the Court of Queen's Bench had done
nothing which deserved to be visited with
any kind of stigma; for he could not
help thinking that, however their lord-
ships might exercise the highest of all
tiieir attributes, that of wise legislation,
those attributes would "be appealed to in
vain, if privilege were allowed to super-
sede the law, or if the laws, when made,
were not to be carried into execution by
fearless and independent judges. — Vis-
count Melbourne and the Duke of WeU
lington concurred in recommending a
fiivourable consideration of the Bill, which
was read a second time. — The first Clause
provides that proceedings, criminal or
d^, against persons for publication of
papers printed by order of Parliament,
shall be stayed upon delivery of a certifi-
cate and affidavit to the effect that such
publication is by order of either House
of Parliament. The second enacts that
proceedings shall be stayed when com-
menced in respect of a copy of an authen-
ticated report, &c. (This applies to all
parties, the publishers of newspapers, &c.)
The last declares that nothing herein con-
tained shall be deemed or taken, directly
or indirectly, to affect the privileges of
Parliament in any manner whatsoever.
In the House or Commons on the
same day, Lord John Russell moved
the second reading of the Ecclesiastical
Duties and Revenues Bill. — Sir Ro-
hert Inglis opposed the motion, and moved
that it be read a second time that day six
months. — Sir Robert Peel supported the
Bill from a conviction that a great effort
was necessary on the part of this country
to remedy the sj)iritual destitution of the
people, and that this effort would not be
induced without an example set by the
Church herself, of making some sacrifice
10
from her higher incomes to supply the
wants of religious instruction. After
some further discussion. Lord John JtM-
sell said there were two msin grounds on
which such a measure' might properly be
said to rest — the expediency of amending
defects which time had allowed to ereep
into the cathedral system, and the neces-
sity of providing resources to meet the
admitted dearth of spiritual instmction.
It was not his plan to attach ^Muochial
duties to all thft preferments with which
this Act would deal. Some clergymen
were peculiarly qualified by leal, elo-
quence, and popular address to produce
great effects, both in the pulpit and in
private exhortation, among the parishion-
ers of a large district. Others, who pos-
sessed not these gifts, were yet capable
of equallv serving the cause oi religion in
another department, by able and learned
writings. The latter class of men, as
well as the former, should find some pro-
vision in our Church. The House di-
vided, for the second reading, 87; for
the amendment, 11.
April 7. Sir Jamn Orakam opened
the debate on his motion of CEKSUftK oH
Ministers respecting the aflhirs of China.
Adverting to the nugnitude of the in-
terests now affected, he said, that one-
sixth of our whole commeroal revenue
depended on the maintenance of our re-
lations with China. It would be unwise
to deceive ourselves by adopting the vul-
gar notion of her weakness. She had
350,000,000 of people, directed br one
man, with one language, one code of laws,
one religion, one national feeling, a fertile
and well-watered soil, and an annual
revenue of 60,000,000/. unencumbered by
debt. The East India Company, while
it possessed the trade, had been careful
in its injunction of forbearance to Its
supercargoes ; but since the openingof
the trade, that had been abandoned. The
recommendation of the Duke of Welling-
ton left in the Foreign Office bad been
disregarded by Lord Palmerston, and
other suggestions for the prevention of
smuggling were unheeded. The result
was we were now engaged in a war of
which the circumstances were as formid-
able as the stake was important. He
submitted the following motion : — *< That
it appears to this House, on considenition
of the papers relating to China, presented
to this House by command ol: her Ma-
jesty, that the interruption in our eom-
mercial and friendly intercourse with that
country, and the hostilities which have
since taken pUice, are mainly to be attri-
buted to the want of foresigbt and pre-
caution on the part of her Majesty^ pre.
18-100
Parliamentary Proceedings.
529
sent advisers, in respect to our relations
with Cl.irui, and especiully to their neglect
to furni.>ii the Superintendunt at (\inton
with powers and instruetions calculated
to provide against the growing evils con-
nected with the contralmnd traffitr in
o])iuni. and adapted to the novel and dif-
lirnlt situation in which the Superinten-
dent was placed." — Mr. Macaulay congra-
tulated himself and bis colleagues, that
the charge against the:n had nut been
stronger. It was wholly retrospective,
and alleged no blame but that of omission.
It was impossible, even in this country,
with the aid of the whole preventive ser-
vice, to put down smuggling. He feared
that too many were disposed to vote on
this (piotion, as if the armament had
been undertaken to sustain a trade in
opium. It was not for that pur})ose that
a force had been sent out, but for the
redress of instdts and injuries no longer
endurable. — Sir William FoUett sup-
ported the motion, and Sir George Staun-
ton o[)posed it. The debate was con-
tinued during three nights, and termi-
nated in the following division : for the
motion, '2C)V, against it 273; majority fur
Ministers, J).
April \A, Lord Jo An BtmseU moved
that the Lords' amendments to the
I*KiNTi n Paitus Uif.l he considered.
The amendments had not in any degree
varied the object of the i3ill. but had va-
ried it in thi"- respect, that, instead of the
certificHte going from the Speaker of that
or the other Ilou^ic of Parliament to the
(»fhccr of the court, it should be produced
before the ctiurt itself. The clause with
re^-pect to ai'tions now pending had been
left out of the Hill, and therefore in the
actions that had lieen commenced against
thi- Serjeant-at-Arms he would plead.
He propoM'd that these amendments
*.houhi Ik? agreed to. — The Solieitor^Ue'
nrrtil s:iid the Hill came luick ten times
more f)b)ectionable, currying every objec-
(ion to the extreme; doing that which
wa- profcNhed to l>e disclaimed, and if
|»a«*>ed into a law the privileges of the
(otnuions of England were ut an end.
The object of the alteraticm made in the
Lords was to compel the House of Com-
mons to appear Iwforc a court of law,
uheie they oucht not to appear. The
Huu-e had suffered by ap[N>aring there
already, and he must hny that the House
of Cotnnionrt, tor the first time in parlia-
mentary hi<(tory, exhibited its imbecility
to suHtain the rights of the people, by
vanrtioning the juriMliction of the courts
of law un the question of its privileges. —
The Attorney-General said, be thought
that the amendments proposed by the
House of Lords ought to be agreed to.
Tlie House had been })laced in a difficul-
tv, from which the present Bill relieved
them, and he had no apprehension, that
when the occasion should present itself,
the House would fail to exercise iti jurit-
diction. With the judges there was no
discretionary power : by the Bill they per-
formed duties purely ministerial, and if
they refused to perform them they coald
be impeached. It was the act of the
House, and not the judge, which termi-
nated the action. — Sir Robert Peel said the
Lords had shown a sincere desire to
co-operate with the Commons in tbe
mainteiuince of the privilege asserted, fend
had clogged their consent with no iniid-
missible conditions. It was most mate-
rial to obsen-e, that they had retained tbe
preamble, whereby both Houses now eon-
curred in affirming the general principle of
that privilege. He did not regret tbtt
the privilege bad been asserted by tbe
proceedings of this House itself; but be
much preferred the powers wbicb btd
now been wisely asked of the Legiilft-
ture.— The House divided, and tbeamend-
ments agreed to by a majority of 68 to 88.
The C'AVAnA Govrrnment BiLLWte
read a second time without a division.
April 15. Mr. Hume^ having oppoeed
every stage of Lord SeATOK*R Annvity
Bill, again renewed his opposition on
the third reading, both on the score of
economy and on the ground of Lord Sea-
ton's conduct in Canada. lie moved tbat
the Bill should be read a third time on
that day six months. — Lord John BumM
said that the frequent discussion wbicb
hid alr(>ady taken pUce on the subject of
Lord Seaton*K services, and the estimRtioo
in which they were generally held t^per*
sons of all political parties, made it need-
less for him now to enter into a debate on
Mr. Hume's allegations. — Mr. Hartfiaid
that he would not discuss the merit! of
Lord Seaton ; but tbat he should vote for
the rejection of the Bill, because be
thought the grant of pensions to peen for
three lives involved injurious conao-
queiirps, as tending to the mtroductioii of
persons into the peerage whose inconee
were not adequate to toe maintenance of
the dignity. — The House divided, and tho
numl>ers were — Fur the third reading, 77 1
ttgninnt it, 17 — majority 60. — Tbe Dill
was then read a third time and passed.
On the l.'ith April Parliament Mraa ad
j oumed over the Kn?»ter recess to tbe 89i
instant.
Ge.nt. Mag. Vol. XIII.
530
FOREIGN NEWS.
FRANCE.
The new Premier, M. Thiers, has
achieved a great triumph in the Chamber
of Depiitic!*. The debate on the secret
service fund closed on the 26th March,
and a division took place on un amend-
ment proposed by M. Dangerville to re-
duce the sum by 100,000 francs ; when
there appeared — For the amendment, 158;
against it, 261; Majority, 103. The
chiuses of the bill were next carried pro
forma, and then the important question
was put on the totality of the bill, when
there appeared — Ayes, 2-k> ; noes, 160;
majority, 86. This is, perhaps, one of
the greatest triumphs that a minister in
the difficult position of M. Thiers could
aecure. The result is far beyond his
warmest expectations, or that of his
friends. Toe announcement of the divi-
sion was received in the Chamber with
enthusiastic cheering, while out of doors
the effect produced by the welcome news
of the King's defeat, as it is generally re-
garded, was even more striking, and the
funds rose immediately. An unwonted
activity has been observed in the several
departments of State, and M. Thiers has
obtained high popularity, and gained ere-
dit for much tulent and sound judgment.
NAPLES.
In 1816, a treaty was concluded be-
tween Great Britain and Naples, by
which all British subjects, resident in the
Neapolitan territories, were permitted to
buy and dispose of property, particularly
such as were at that time in possession of
any sulphur mines, or who should become
proprietors or lessees. In the face of
this stipulation the King of Naples,
about two years ago, sold an exclusive
monopoly of all the sulphur in Sicily to a
company of French merchants, and there-
upon issued an edict, by which he com-
manded all the sulphur-mine proprietors
in Sicily, including the British residents,
to limit the production of their sulphur
mines to six hundred thousand pounds
per annum, and to deliver and sell the
whole of this quantity, at a price fixed by
the government, to the French company
or to their order only. Mr. Temple, our
minister at Naples, was ordered to make
the necessary remonstrance, and to re-
quire that the monopoly should be im-
mediately revoked and cancelled, so far
at least us regarded British subjects; but
having received only evasive and unsal
tisfactory answers, be was instructed,
about the middle of March, to require im-
mediate satisfaction ; and on the 2d April
he informed the English merchants that
** circumstances have arisen which may
very probably oblige the naval forces of
her Alajesty to exercise reprisals against
vessels navigating under Neapolitan co-
lours.*' On the 7th April a steamer was
sent to Admiral Stopford, with instnic-
tions to blockade the Neapolitan ports ; the
next day the Sardinian Ambassaaoroffered
his mediation, and proposed, as a system
of mutual concession, that the King of
Naples should annul Uie sulphur contract,
and that England should submit the ques-
tion of indemnity to the arbitration of a
third power. The French government
has undertaken the office of mediator, or,
in other words, that of bringing the King
of Naples to his senses, by giving him a
very intelligible intimation of the certain
consequences of his refusal. It appears
that Mr. Temple remains very quietly at
bis post, and no doubt is entertained but
that the matter will end in the abolition
of the monopoly, and a just reparation
being made to such of our English mer-
chants as are sufferers.
SPAIN.
On the 9th April the Queen accepted
the resignation of the Ministers of Ma-
rine, of the Interior, and of War. The
first has been replaced by M. Sotela, suh-
secretary of that department ; the second,
by M. Armendarix, a deputy; and the
last, provisionally, by M. Serzagary, tub-
secretary. The ministry of finance has
been entrusted to M. Santilhm, a deputy.
These selections partake the opinions of
the majority.
The sixtD and seventh battalions of the
Carlists of Anigon were surprised and de-
stroyed by Colonel Zurbano, on the 6th
April, at Petrarque. 419 officers and
soldiers were taken prisoners.
The surrender of CasteUote, a Carlist
fortress, has also caused great emltation
to the Christine party. The eAege had
been protracted for several weeks, the gar-
rison having held out to the last extre-
mity. However, the spirit of Cariitm is
decidedly on the increase in Navarre and
Biscay, and there is every reason to ex-
pect that the civil war wiU not terminate
with the present year.
HANOVER.
The Hanover Gazette of the 18th
March states, that the King reoeivod all
1840.]
Fortign News.
531
the court on the day before, the 50th
anniversarv of his entering the trmy, and
distributed numerous decorations to offi-
cers. He has created 12 Grand Crosses,
8 Commanders, and 11 Knights of the
Order of the Ouelphs. Pmssia, Bruns-
wick, and Mecklenburgh hare had each
their share in these royal fiivours. The
promotions in the army were nnmeroiis.
A deputation from the officers of all the
regiments presented in their name an
equestrian statue of his Bf^esty in sU? er,
iu testimony of their gratitnde and attach-
ment.
The project of a new constitution has
been submitted to the Chambers. The
composition of the Chambers is scarcely
at all modified, so that it is, in fact, but a
repetition of the constitution of 1819.
Tne new constitution reserves to the
King the management of the state pro«
perty and private domains, which were
given up to the public revenue by die
more recent reforms.
CHIVA.
The much talked of Russian enaditlon
against Chiva has totally ftdledl The
troops had not seen an enemy, execpt in
the skirmishes which have already been
mentioned ; but notwithstanding the ez«
treme care with which this expedition
was prepared and directed^ it was iinpoa->
Bible to withstand the inclemency of the
climate. Storms and snow prevail in
such a degree, that even the camp in
which General Perowsky bad taken re-
fuge to wait for a change in the weather,
was not tenable, and the whole se-
dition was obliged to be given up. Wbat
loss the troops nave suffered is noc known :
but the greater part of the camels on which
the expedition depended have pefisbed.
Thcgcneral-in-chiefrenuired lOOOcaneb
to be sent in all haste from Arenbuig, in
order to convey the sick and the baggsgr,
and even the corps itself, back totfiat
town.
INDIA.
The French accounts from Poodi-
chernr contain numerous dettdb of a
dreadful hurricane and inundation of the
sea on that coast at the baginniiig of
IKicember. The foree of the wind was
such as had never before been witneased
tliere, and the inroad of the sea was dread-
ful beyond description. Upwards of
10,000 corpses had oeen found, but many
thousands more bad, no doubt, been
washed away. So many bodies Iving
unburied had caused a pestilence, ami the
condition of the survivors, wbo bad lost
moat of tbeirpcoMrty, was ezceedinigly
distressing. The British autboritiea luid
settlers had shown the greatest kindnaaa
to the FVench sufferers ; but the ftctoir
and the town of ITanaon, which alone baa
lost 1,500 inhabitants, could not reeofer
from such a calamity for a great many
years. TbeGovemni«iteiiest,andmNt
of the public records, had been pruaijnai.
As instances of the extensive seale «ni
which this great natural calamity aelid»
it is mentioiied that at Talarivou« ooe
house in which 400 persona had takan
refuge, was blown down, and moat of
them killed; while at MaUavofUM, a
village on the Enclish territory, only 19
were saved out of 8,000 inhabitants.
In oonseouenoe of a letter writtm hf
the chief of Koonoor, statins his intn-
tion, if the Russians were advandng^ to
join them, Sir Willouc^by Cotton oiw
dered a military force to attack the Ibr-
tress of Peshoot, about 40 miles N.N.B.
of Candabar, in which that ehiefhin bad
taken his position. Accordiiifly at 4qr*
break on the I8tb Jan. the attack was
made by a force under the eomnuuid of
Lieut-Col. Orchard, C.B. Gapt. Ab-
bott and lieut. Pigott succeeded, alter
two hours' firing, in battering down tho
outer gate; and they than made two oU
tempts to blow up the inner gati^ bot
from the heavy rain that fell, and the bai
quality of the (Indian) gunpowder, Iht
expkMon did not tase pbee. OoL
Orchard then, as the fort is, horn h»
position, alffloat unaasalhdile, and a da*
structive fire was kept up by the ganlMMi
withdrew his troops about half-past 11.
A.M. The chief afterwards fiafatoi
the fortress and fied to the bills, and tho
detachment took possession in the rmrii^
The loss of the British was severe,— fk.
05 men killed and wounded : aoMMfAo
huter were Lieots. CoUinson, of the mb,
and Hicks, European R^gioMOti «ko
are recovering.
AMIUUCA.
On the 11th Feb. the St. Lods Ks-
change at New Orleans was destioyoi
by fire. This ExchsMe, with ita n^f-
nifieent done, cost 1,70IMX)0 doUm aM
it was under mortgage for 1,400^^)0 M.
lars. The Improvement Bank, to wUA
the building belonged, has in circolaltavi
some OOOtOOOdolkrs in bills, and aeara^jr
any specie on band. The Orleana !■•
surance Company, and the Ph(Bnlx» of
London, bad small risks. Tbo Rot— fc
was the most msgnificciit stnactuio of tbt
kind Iu the Union.
53'i
DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES.
At the Spring Ad&iirs scvcriil of the
disturber* ot the public peace have been
overtaken byrrtributive justice. At I'orjtt
on the )^8th March, sentence was passed
on the Chartists couvicted of seditious
oonspimcy, riot, and using seditious lan-
guage, at Sheffield, Bradford, Barnsley,
&c. The Shejfield Chartist, Samuel
Holbcrry, wmn sentenced to l>e imprison-
ed in the gaol of Northallerton for four
years, and at the expiration of that period
to be bound, himiiclf in bOi, and two
sureties in 10/. each, to keep the peace
towards her Mi^est^-'s subjects ; Thomas
Booker, to be imprisoned for three years ;
Wm. Booker, his son, twoycais; James
Duffy, three years ; William Wells, one
year ; John jVIarshall, Thomus Pen-
tborpe, and Joseph Bennison, otherwise
Benton, two years; Wm. Martin, one
year. The Bradford Churtists, Robert
Feddie, Wm. Brooke, Thomas Drake,
and Paul Ilolds\A>orth, to be imprisoned
for three years. The Barnsley Chartists,
Peter Hoye, John Crabtree, and William
Ashton, to two years imprisonment. All
are also to enter into recognizances for
their future behaviour.
At the same Assizes, Mr. Feargus
O'Connor was convicted of having pub-
lished, on the 13th and 20th of July last,
in the Northern Star newspaper, of which
be was the editor and proprietor, sedi-
tious libels, inciting to insurrection, and
to induce her Majesty's subjects to dis-
obey the law, in order to lead to a viola-
tion of the public peace. — On the 30th
March Vincent and Edwards were con-
victed at Monmouth of a conspiracy to
effect great changes in the government by
illegal means, and of unlawful assembly.
Mr. Baron Gurney sentenced Vincent to
be imprisoned for twelve months, and
Edwards for fourteen ; to give sureties
for five years, themselves in 500/., and
two in 100/. each. Both defendants are
in custody, under a sentence at Inst as-
sizes ; this sentence will detain Vincent
eight months, and Edwards thirteen,
after the expiration of the former sentence.
—On the 1st April, at Warwick^ Brown,
the Bull-ring orator, and " delegate"
from Birmingham to the ** National
Convention," was convicted of sedition,
and sentenced to 18 months' imprison,
mcnt. In the cases of Julian Harney
and Henry Wilkes, whose trials had been
postponed, no evidence was offered, it
having been agreed that if, in the interim,
they conducted themselves properly they
should be acquitted.
March 23 and 24. The village of Jbr J-
infftOHf adjoining Porchester, was the scene
of two devastating fires, which were at*
tended with very great destruction of pro-
perty, particularly amongst the poor in-
oabitanu. The first broke out in the
chimney of a brewhouse, attached to the
residence of Mr. Elliott, which soon ex-
tended to six other houses, covered with
thatch ; all of which were speedily con-
sumed. That on the next day broke out
in the chimney of a house occupied by
Mr. Short, a carpenter : before the
ilames could be subdued, 46 tbatcbed
houses caught fire ; all of whick were de-
stroyed. These calamities rendered about
100 families, comprising more than 250
individuals, entirely homeless.
A2)ril\. The ceremony of laying the
first stone of a new wing to 8t. Thomm$*$
Hospital was performed by Alderman
Sir John Cowan, Bart., assisted by Abel
Chapman, esq. Treasurer to the Ho8«
pital, and the Governors.
April 12. The Theatre Royal, Ckn-k,
was burned to the ground. The house
is a complete skeleton, and the loss of
property very great.
By the intended inclosure of More-
combe Bay, and the Duddon Sands, on the
Lancashire coast, fifty-two thousand acres
of land will be reclaimed, which will form
two of the most beautiful vallejrs in the
Luke district of eighty-three square miles.
The sands, being composed almost en-
tirely of calcareous matter, washed from
the surrounding lime -stone, are capable
of being formed into the most fertile soil
for agriculture. The land proposed to be
reclaimed will form an area of half the
size of Rutlandshire ; and calculating one
individual for two acres, will accommo-
date a population of 26,()00, being about
half the number of the present popalation
of the counties of Huntingdon and West-
rooriand, and 5000 more than that of Rut-
land. It would be about equal in popu-
lation and extent to the adjacent district
of Lonsdale North, which is a penlDsula
lying between the two bays of More-
camoe and the Duddon, on which stond
the ancient ruins of Furness Abbey, and
is also a rich agricultural and manu&e-
turing district, abounding with slate, iron,
and copper mines.
The New Postage, — The Lords of the
Treasury have fixed the 6th of May for
the day when the postage stamps are to
come into use. The issue of toe stamps
will, in the first instance, begin in L<Nidon,
and be extended as speedily as practicable
throughout the whole of the kingdom ; but
letters, properly stamped, posted in any
part of the kingdom, will pass free.
The stamps will be purcbMeaUa at
18-10.]
The New Postage Stamps.
533
every post-office in London, and of all li-
censed vendors of stamps. Stamps of two
prices will be issued — penny and two-
penny. The penny stanr.pswill be printed
in fjlock, the twopenny in blue ink. Ac
e:u*h side of the covers directions respect-
ing the rates of postage, the prices of
very ample guarantee against forgery.
The adhesive stamp has the advantage of
Eortability and lightness. They may also
c sent as payment for pence or trifling
sums. The artists employed are Mul.
ready, Wyon, Thompson, and Heath;
and the Penny Post will spread models of
stam{)s, &c. arc given. The prices of beauty over the whole face of the coun-
s tamps are as follows: —
At a Post^ffice, Labels Id. and 2d.
each. Covers Ijd. and 2id.each.
At n Stamp. distributor's, as above, or
as follows : —
Hal r ream, or 240 penny covers, U. 2s.
•U]., f)enny envelopes 1/. Is. 9d.
Quarter-ream, or 120 twopenny covers,
W. Is. Id., twopenny envelones W. !»• Id.
At the Starn[»-offices in London, Dub-
lin, and Edinburgh, as above, or as fol-
lows : —
Two reams, or 9(30 penny covers, 4/, 7s.
penny envelopes, 47. .5s.
One ream, or 4>J0 twopenny covers,
W. .3s. ()d., twopenny envelopes, 4/. 28. 6d.
(overs may be had at these prices,
either in sheets or cut ready for use.
Knvclopes in sheets only, und conse-
(liuritly not made up. No one, unless
(inly licensed, is authorised to sell postage
>tirnpH.
The penny stamp carries half an ounce
rmlnid), the twopenny >tamp one ounce.
I'or weiphts exceedin^j one ounce use the
proper numlM'r of labels, either alone or
in combination with the stamps of the
covers or envelopes.
'ihtis, it appears, that between the
piircliuse of n hingle cover and of 960,
there will be an allowance of about 14
p«r cent. The price for a dozen or more
rovers purchased of a licensed vendor will
be K tt tor coinp4>titi(m. The covers and
e:iVi-lopes are {irinted on paper manufac-
tured by Mr. John Dickinson, having
try and amon^t all classes of the people.
Mr. Wyon*8 die, and Mr. Heath's plate U
a bead of the Queen. Mr. Mufready'i
design for a stamped cover representf
Britannia in the act of dispatching four
winged messengers. The figures on each
side of her are groups emblematical of
British commerce, and communication
with all parts of the world. On the ri^t
are East Indians on elephants directing
the embarkation of merchandise ; next
Arabs with camels laden ; next Chinese;
on the left, American Indians concluding
a treaty, and negroes packing casks <w
sugar. The whole design occupies rather
more than an inch in width along the
face of an ordinary envelope. In what
may be called the foreground on the one
side, a young man is reading a letter to
his mother, whose clasped hands expreM
her emotion at its contents ; on the other
side is a group of three figures, each one
eagerly pressing around to reftd, or mt
least to catch a sight of the welcooM
letter. The whole conception forcibljr
tells its story, and suggests emotions A
gratitude at the universal blessings that
flow from unfettering correspondence,
which is but speech by means of written
characters
^fareh 23. Trinity Church, Grem.
tricA, which has been recently erected M
a district church of the parish of St.
Alnhegc, was consecrated by the Biabop
of llochestcr.
April 7. The Lord Bishop of Gkra*
.coloured lines inserted in the woof of ceiiter and Bristol consecrated the new
tli(* paper, differently disposc<I on the
covers and the envelope*. The lal)els,
or adhesive stamps, arc printed on
water- marked paper, enrh having the
watermark of a crown ; and the sheet of
l.il)«l<, hoi din;: '.MO, has the word " post-
a^Tf" in each of the ft.ur l>ordcrs. Certain
combinations of letters of the alphabet
are inserted in the two comers at the
loNMT part of (he lal>e]s ; and as they are
varircl, in every one of 210 labeU, the
piol»ubilitie« nearly amount to a certainty
that no one having a less stoi'k than 2l4>
will have two stamps with the same Irt-
terin;; in his possession. There can be
no doubt that ihe:»e peculiaiiiies afford a
church at Brinuieombe, in the parish of
Minchinhampton, which has been ImiK
by bubscription, aided by David Ricardo,
esq. the patron of the parish, who has
assigned it a district, and engaged to tap-
port a resident clergjrman until the divi-
sion takes place. It is built of stone and
stone tiled, having nave, chanceU and
tower, in the style of the 13th century,
with iwinted windows and carved oak
furniture, and will accommodate 500
persons, above one-fifth of the kneelinga
oeing free. Adjoining are school-rooma
for :^K) children. The situation is highly
Eicturesque, on the hide of a well- wooded
ill, overlooking the valley towards Strovd.
534
PROMOTIONS, PREFERMENTS, &c.
Gazktte Promotions.
March 7. James Norton Smith, esq. to be
one of Her Migmty'H lion. Corps of Gentle-
men at .\rmH, rice Smith, retiretl.
March 26. Lieut, (leon^e William Roper
Yule, R. .M. to wear the cross of the first class
of the National and Militar)- Order of San
Fernando ; conferred b>; the Queen Reg^ent of
Spain in testimony of his ser>'ices in various
actions, from lOth May. 183«, to Nov. 1837.
March 27. William Peter, est], to be Consul
for the State of Pennsylvania, to resiile at Phila-
flelphia.— John Storey Penleaze, esq. to be
Consul at Amsterdam.
March .%. The difcnity of a Duchess of the
Uniteil Kinf^lom f^autinl to the Rieht Hon.
Ijidy Cecilia lietitia Undemrootl (eldest sur-
viving? dauf^hter of Arthur Saunders, second
Earl of Arran, by Elizabeth, his third wife,
daughter of Richard Underwoo<l, late of Dub-
lin, esq.) by the title of Duchess of Inverness.
April 3. 61st Foot, Major-Gen. Sir J. Gar-
diner, K.CIJ. to be Colonel.— William Mitchell
Innes, of Parson's Green, co. Kdinb. esq. only
8ur\ivinjf son of Alex. Mitchell, late of Cherry-
1>ank, esq., by ELsiKJth his wife, only child and
heir of Tnos. Simpson, of Darra-hill, co. Al)er-
dceii, by Isabel, only sister ha vine surviving
issue of the late George Innes, of Stow, co.
Edinb. esq. (sometime Cashier of the Royal
Bank of Scotland, and Dep. Receiver-gen. of
I^nd Rents for Scotland) who was the father
of the late Gilbert Innes, of Stow, and of Jane
Innes, of Edinburgh and Stow, spinster,
(lately deceased) to continue to use the name
of Innes.
April 6. Knighted, Lieut.-Col. Charles Chi-
chester, 81st root, Brigadier-General in the
service of the Queen of Spain, K. S. F. &c.
April 10. 2nd Life Guards, Major and Lt.-
Col. G. A. Reid to be L.-Col. and Col. ; brevet-
Major J. M'Dougall to l)e Migor and Lt.-Col.
—6th Foot, Major H. B. Everest to be Lt.-Col. ;
Capt. W. Pottinger to be Major.— 85th Foot,
Major-Gen. Sir J. F. Fitzgerald, K.C.B. to be
Colonel.— Lt.-Col. I^ovell .Bonj. Badcock, of
15th drag. K. H. and his only brother Capt.
Wm. S. Bailcock, R. N. from respect to the
memory of their ancestor Sir Salathiel Lovell,
Baron of the Exclie(|uer, to take the name of
I>ovell in lieu of Badcock.— Royal East Mid-
dlesex Militia, T. Carvick, esij. to be Major.
April 17. 20tli Foot, Capt. F. Croad to be
Major.— 65th Foot, C^pt. C. Wise to be Major,
by purchase, rice Walker, who retires.
April 18. The Lieut.-Governor of the Ba-
hama Islands, (^x>l. Francis Cockburn, to be
Governor and Commander in l^hief of the said
Islands.
April 20. Fiske Goodeve Harrison^ of Cop-
ford Hall. Essex, esa. in memory of his mater-
nal gran(lfather the Rev. John Fiske, of Thorpe
Moneux, Suffolk, to take the name of Fiske
before Harrison.
Naval Puomotions.
Tlie following officers, now extra aides-de-
camp, are appointed to be full Naval aides-de-
camp to the Queen : -Captains J.W. D. Duii-
ilas*. C. B., Henry Hope, C. B., Sir John
Pechel, Bart., K.C.H. C.B.— (Captain Sir
David Ihinii, K.C.H- to the Vanguard ; Coni-
jnaadcr Frederick Hutton, to the Vanguard.
Commander T. L. Massie, to the Thunderer.
— F^dward Stopford, fh)m the Zebra to the
Hydra ; James Stopford, from Hydra to the
Zebra.— Lieut. John Miers Greer (1799). to
the rank of retired Commander, retaining
liis out-pension of Greenwich Hospital.
Membert returned to serve in Parliament,
Inrerneu Co.—H. J. Baillie, Jan. esq.
Sutherland Co.— David Dunoas, esq.
ToMeM.— Barry Baldwin, esq.
Ecclesiastical Prefeiiments.
Rev. Tliomas Gamier, B.C.L. to be Dean of
Winchester.
Rev. J. C. Hare, to be Archdeacon of Lewes.
Right Hon. and Rev. Lord Wriothesley Rus-
sell, to be Canon of Windsor.
Rev. E. Addenbrooke, Spemall R. Warw.
Rev. Joseph Baylee, Woodside New Ch. Li-
verpool.
Rev. E. Bellamy, Dersinghkm V. Norf.
Hon. and Rev. C. B. Bernard, Bantry V. Cork.
Rev. C. Blencowe, Marston St. Lawrence V.
CO. Northamp.
Rev. J. Boyle, Brighonse P.C. Halifiuc
Rev. K. Cust, Danby Wiske R. York.
Rev. W. Dobson, Tuxford V.A. Notts.
Rev. W. C. Flint, Wellow P.C. Notts.
Rev. W. C. Frampton, Buckland Bipers R.
Dorset.
Rev. J. Hanburgh, St. John's V. Hereford.
Rev. J. Hayes. Harpurhey P.C. Manchester.
Rev. J. F. Hoogson, Horsham V. Sussex.
Rev. P. J. Honeywood, Bradwell-nezt-Gogges-
liall R. Essex.
Rev. W. C. Kitson, St. James's New Ch. St.
SitwelPs, Exeter.
Rev. W. Leeke, Holbrooke P.C. Derby.
Rev. R. Lovett, Trinity Church, Walcot. Bath.
Rev. S. Luscombe, Chedzy R. Somerset.
Rev. J. H. Marsden, Great Oakley R. Essex.
Rev. (). Ormerod, Birch P.C. Warrinrton.
Rev. F. B. Portman, Staple Fitzpalnc cam
Bickenhall R.R. Somerset.
Rev. E. Robertson, Shorwell V. cum Mottiston
R. Isle of Wight.
Rev. H. Robinson, Haslebech R. Northamp. *
Rev. W. S. Salman, Shireoaks P.C. Notts.
Rev. W. Stamer, D.D. St. Saviour's Walcot R.
Bath.
Rev. — Whallcy, Old Hutton P.C. Westmorel.
Rev. C. Whatejy, Holy Trinity New Church,
Brinscomb, Gloucester.
Rev. S. H. Widdrington, Walcot St.Swithin's
R. Bath.
Rev. C. W^ightwick, Codford St. Peter R. Wilts.
Rev. T. Wilkinson, Stanwix V. Cumberland.
Rev. T. F. Woodham, Brancaster R. Norf.
Chaplains.
Rev. T. James to the Bishop of Oxford.
Rev. H. Melvill, the Tower of liOndon.
Rev. C. F. Smith to Viscount Combermere.
Civil Preferments.
Rev. F. Hodgson, Provost of Eton.
Rev. G. F. W. Mortimer to be Head Master of
the City of London School.
I). T. Ansted, esq. M.A. to be Profiessor of
Geology in Kind's College, London.
1 840.]
Births and Marriages.
535
BIRTflS.
/•>//. 15. At LfKhorii, the wife of the Rev.
S. J. Cianibier, a iIhu.
Manh -1. At NHi)le*i, the wifo of John Keii-
iirily, rs«|. II. H. M. s<-crftary <»f I^Y^tion, a
ilaii.— - H. The w iff of ( 'apt. Ii(N)ke Pearson, of
th»' \&\i I^nrrrs, a dau. At Heath Hall, the
H«)n. Mrs. Snjjtli, a ilau. 13. At Itaron
llill, .\n:;I«".ry, l^dy Williams Hnlkeley, a
•.«»ii. — 14. At HaythDrn Park, Ks^fx, the'wife
• f JHiiit*> ILiyinonil, es4i. a dan. 15. In
.M«»iuit-Htroi't, fhf Hon. Mrs. Kdnnind Phipps,
;i sMii. 17. At Pudlieatt House, MrM. Mor-
tiiiur Kirard(», a «laii. 20. In Mansflehl-st.
l-id\ Jfukins, a son. 21. At Hull-house,
liroinptnii, I^idy Sarah Iniceitre, a dau.
'2:\. At Hriyhtoii, tin- H«n. Mrs. Anderson,
;i tliiii.- -2:1. At Hath, tlu» wife t»f John KnM»r,
t>i|. of K«il!i«sl»y Hall. Norfolk, a dau.
•-'s. Af Hnrkwall. N'nrthiani, Sussex, the wife
«>f Thomas Kn-wen, esq. a s«in. 29. At (iraf-
lon Maimr Housr, near Hroms;rove, the wife
tif Hriij ColU'tt. r«.(i. a M»n. \t Klaekheath,
I Jill \ Harltara Nrwtlii^ati-, a s«»n. At Ma|)er-
loii HiMi-c, ni'ar \Vinranti)n,Sunerv>t, tin- wife
«'f H«Mir> Fit/irerald, e^q. a son and heir.
M). At Wrstw.HMl Hall, tin- Hon. .Mrs. II. C.
Marshall, a son. .11. In IpiM-r Harley-^t.,
tin' wifr iif K. PepNs, f«i«|. a son.
La/ilv. The wife of ('apt. .Mathew, M.P.
a s,iii. At Minterne, Doniet, I^iiy Thtresa
ni;;l»y, adau. - -At Clonmel, the wife of the
n.'ii. F. .<A\illf. K. A. a dau. In Hrrtford-
st.. May fair, tin* Hun. .Mrs. S«M»tt, a sim.
Tht' I'lim f<is Dona Paniphili (dau. of the Karl
of >lin-ws|iur) », a dau. — In Portnian-M|. tlie
flim. .Mr«*. Miint.iicu, a dau. At Orwell
HiMi-..-. l>i>\on.tIii' lady uf Sir Kirhanl Plaaket,
a dau. At Vrr-adh's. the wifr o( T. <'.
IliMipi-r, rsi|. iif Hanliiii^on-park, Soni. a dau.
At ('(Miliirk-IiMi^i*, PuIjIiii, L.'tdv Kli/aU-tli
HurniUi{li. a omi.
.Ijtri/ :\. At <'a-th-t«i\%n, rounty Kilkenny,
fill- Aifi' iif ^^. V. Stuart, t's4|. Al.p. k son. — '--
■i At .Snithamptou, thrwifi- of K. JerMiiiirhain,
• sij. a «lau.- -At Walliiii, (ilastiudiurv, I^dx
.1. riiMiiir. a dau. J. At .Mi'rkliMilHiri;li-v|'.
MiH. (ipiir;;i- ViThnn i'nttun, a son. 7. \t
i.<'.imiiit!tiiii, thf Will- iif JiiHrph Hailv, vn\.
Mill, a son and hi-ir - .\t l>riui,'las, 'ish- of
Nlan, till* wifr of Captain .«»ir T. S. Paslfv,
K.N. a snii - 10. In Hi'|;;ra\i*-stris-t, thf
("niinfrss iif I'ninfirt, a dau. - In riirstiT-
jil.ii ■■, III Unix •■■sijuari', thf »ifi* uf .'"trphm
K.im. isi|. :i .,.111. II, \t Duhliii, thr wife of
II. H. Jiiy, I'sii. HarrisfiT at l^w, a son. At
till* 1 >• iw .it;i>r l^dy .\ruiuleirM, Ikivfr-st. the
Hull. Mrs. A. .Vriindi'll. a dau. At Toii-
l.nd-f WrIN, till* Hifr of M. ('. J. IMhani,
•■sq. .1 mm arid hrir. 13. At Miuint lli'a^ant,
Ji-rsi y, till' lady i»f Sir <". K. ('arriiij'toii, a
SI. II. At Pakrnhani-l(Hli(i>, Sulfulk. tlir wife
<l I", 'rhi^riihill, jiiii. rsq. a son. — U. At
llm klaiid, Mrs. ThiiM-kiiiortnn. a son. At
iliU'litoii, the nifiMif .\. (iiNldani, isq. .M.P. a
dau. I.'i. Ill Pif-eadilly, thr Hurhrss nf St.
All»aii's, n sun dinnl Hurfunl). - - 22- In linis-
vriiiirsq. ihi- linn. Mis. riiarlfs Staiik\. a
■Ian. 93 In llrlicravi'-M|. the Countess )..is-
t->^«i-Ii, a dau.
aiai(KI/\(;ks.
.V"i. !->. At lluliart Town, the Hi»ii. I)a\id
I'l-kiif. .'lilt Liclit Inf. thiril sun nf l,iiril Krs-
kiin-. Ill Vniii'-Maria, fhiest dau. nf Jnsiah
"*f'"l«-. i".«i. Chirf Pnliri- .Mau'istratc nf Van
hniipirs ijiiid.
Iff'. 1. At Calciitta. li<>nry Ciiwie, »-sq. to
Kfiiii\. K. M. rldist ilaii. «»f thr R«'\ . <Morifr
MiHiL'li. .M. \. .^M-ninr Chaplain.
II \t c^lnitta. l-:il«iBrd Pi'li-ri, i-sq. Madras
ri\d Srvnr, to Au^tistA'Jaiie, Aflli itau. of
Sir Jas|)er Nirolls, K.CB. ('oinniander of tb
Forres.
2<). At Naples, James .Minet, es<i. second
s<ui of thi' late J. Miiu-t, I'sq. of llaldwyuN,
Kent, to FJizaU'th, >imn:ffst dau. of William
liffirulden. esq. of Naples.
25. .\t lk)mliay, William FishiT. esii. Madra.s
Civil Sfrviie, only son of Capt. W. Fisher, R.X.
and nephew «if the H(ui. Sir J. II. Carnae, Hart.
(Jovernor of IVuiibav, to Franrcs Hrise, eldest
dau. of the latr Rev. Charles Fisher, M.A.
Reetor of Oviiiifton-witli-Tilbury, Kssex.
27. Rev. William U'es, .M.A. PeriH'tual Cu-
rate ©f St. Peter's, < Mtlham, to Sirah, youiiK«Mt
dau. of the late Nathan Worthintrton, ewi. of
Oldham. '
March 2. At Hrandon. .^uffnlk, the Rev.C.
J.Cartwrijfht, to Kmilie-I.vdia, fourth dau. of
W in. (ireen, rsi|. of liortield, near Hristol, and
i;rand-dau. of John Hrewster, es<i. of Brandon.
7. At Drumroiutra-hnuse, l)uhlin, (?apt.
Harv ey,K7th Fusilirrs, to .M iss CampMI, ehlest
dau. of Col. Sir Uuy Campliell, Hart. Qnarter-
ina.stfr-»reni'ral. At Hiistid, the Rev.T. A.
Clarke, of Wijjii Wxroinhi', Jiurks, to Anne,
elilfst dau. of the latr Lieut. -Col. Clarke, of
Uristtd.
10. At St. Panrras, John Hailey Tunier,
i*»il. eldest son of the Rev. John Turner, Vicar
of HenniM'k, Devon, to Anne, second dau. of
I.^irhin .Mackay, esq. Royal Hijfhlandent.
12. At Norwich, (iwinre, vouii;fest son of the
late Charles Willfs Hi-art, esq. of (Jreat Yar-
HKUith, to .Marian, youngest dau. of Robert
Wriirht, es<i. nf the t'piK'r Close. At Mary-
IflHine, W. K. C(K-hraiie. fM|. .Madras Civil *r-
vice. to I^iuisa, sei-mul dau. of the Rev. C. W.
Ia' lias, Princi|ial of the Flast India Collci^e.
At St. John's ChaiM'l, St. I^imard's, Capt.
J. W. MtmtaiTU, R..\. son of the late Admiral
Sir(Jeonre Monta:{ii. li.C.U. to Isabella- Klixa-
iK'th, dau. nf Charles lk*aiirlerk, esq. »»f »l.
l^tuianTs Forest, Sus.scx.
14. At I ptoii. Hucks, Johnson .Savaore, rw.
.M.D. R. A. to Mar\-h>dia, rhlfst dau. of Wil-
liam HoiiM'y.fsq. of Shitii^h. At St.Ck-orife'fi,
Haii.-sq. (tiiinri' C^M-hrane, rsq. of the Middle
Ttiiiolr, liarristiT-at-law. sun of the latr lion.
Hasil <'iN-liraii*', tn ,\iiii Franrt's. dau. of the
lati* Cnl. Jrdin Smith, nf C4M>mb Hay, ^nn.
17. At .Maiilktiuic, till- Hrv. T. T. Haker,
H..\. to Klli'it Wf»od. dau. of the Rev. (ieoixe
l»any. H.A. - Al St. .Mary's, Hryansto mi.
Francis Hamilton, i-ii. of Keiisworth, Herts,
to Mary-( athaniir, fiiily ilau. of Henry Distin,
es4j. of Jamaica. At Harhaiii Court, Kent,
Jami's Rnlli'stoii, I'sq. of HarlMiriie, Staff, tu
Isaliella-Jane. i-hh-st dau. of tin* late W. B.
Hainmoiid, i^sq. of Halinir i*ark. At Sid-
mouth, thr R»v. C. F. Fishi-r, only Mm of
•• late Licut.-Cni. Fisher, to HeJena-CJIiar-
th(
lotti'. si-iond ilaii. of the R«*v. Vere John Al-
stnn, nf i KlHi, ifctls. — At .-^t. (Htirire's, Man-
sq. th«' Hon. .Vnthniiy John .Vshh'y CfN>|ier,
you nicest son of tin* kirl of Shaneslmry, to
Julia, fidi-st dau. of Ilfiiiy Jnliii (^onyers, tnui.
ofC'qit-hall.KNsix. AtSt.(Hs»rifi-'NBhM)niH-
liiiry, Hi'iirj JfatTn'snii, .M.D. of Finsbury
Ciri'UH, to FraiM'i's, i-ldest dau. of John li.
Shuttli'worth, i>Mi. of lUiirnnlplari' ami ilam|><
tonwirk. - -At Itirlfast, Archiliald ('amitiN*!!,
esq. Capt. 32d Ri;;imriit. to Jaiif, rliiest lUti.
nf till- lair W. Clark«-, esi|. nf I>oiii'iral-place.
IN. At Camherwrll. Jnliii Hawkins, f>iif|.
of PiM'khani, to Wilhrlmim, widow of Jnhu
Daiin, I'sij.nf <'|-ii\fnril. — \l CasthiiiN'k, near
Duldiii,'l..\. |jin-om,i-s.|. K. Kiik' toCiforiciua,
dau. of Col. l)'.\Kuilir. C.ll. D<'puty-.\dhitant*
ir<'u. Ill In land. .\t (iirat Stanmorr, Roliert
Hollond. esii. .M.P. for ila«tiiiKs, to Klh>n-Jului,
i>iil\ rhild nf Thomas Tc> d, fsq. of .Staiimore-
hall. — At Dublin, Charks Ia- Pint Trench,
eMi|. second sun of the Hon. and Rev. the late
OBITUARY.
Tbe Duke of Maslbowicgh.
March 5. At Blenheim, after a sbort
illness, wilfaii) one day of completing his
74th year, the Most Noble Geowe
Spencer- Cliurch ill, fourth Duke of Mart-
borough and Marquess of Bhindford, CO.
Dorset (1708), aerenth Earl of Sunder-
land (1613), fifth Earl of MBrlborough
(1689), ninth Baron Spencer of Worm-
leighton, CO. Warwick (1603), and fiflh
Baron Churchill, of Sandridge, co. Hert-
ford (1665) 1 a Prince of the Hal; Roman
Empire ; High Steward of the ei^ of
Oiford, and of the borough of Wood-
stock; D.C.L., F.S.A., F.L.8., &c.
The late Duke of Marlborough was
bom on the 6th March 1766, tbe elder
son (the younger is tbe present Lord
Churchill of Wychwood) of George the
fourth Duke of Mr rllio rough, K.G., by
Lady Caroline RuaselL only daughter of
John fourth Duke of Bedford. He vraa
educated at Eton, where the Rer. Wil-
fcai Cole, D.D. (who wrote the descrip.
tlons, in Latin, of the Marlborough Gems)
tras his tutor : and subsequently became
a member of Christ church, Oxford,
where the lionor
conferred upon
that of D.C.L. June 20, 1792. He was
returned to Parliament as one of tbe
members for Oxfordshire at the general
election of 1790, in tbe room of bis uncle
Lord Charles Spencer, but relinquished
tbe post again to that nobleman at the
general election of 1796.
The Marquess became Ma^or of tbe
first regiment of Reading Volunteers,
Jan. 3, 1B04; and he was afterwards
Colonel of that lody. In July 1804 he
was appointed one of the Lords Com.
misaioners of the Admiralty, which office
he held until Feb. 1900. Ac the latter
date be was called up, by writ, to the
House of Peers, and placed in his father's
barony of Spencer.
On the 30th Jan. 1817 he succeeded
hli htber in the dukedom, and in May
following he was authorized, by royal
erpetuate in
:b his illus.
like of Marl-
added such
and use the
lat of Spen-
Df Churchill
cer, together
btarlngs of
iging to the
bear and use tbe aapportert borne i
used by John Duke of Marlborouf b.
Whilst Marquess of fiiandfnrd, ><
Grace was distinguished by the magi
cence and expense with which he indui)|.
fail taste, particularly in his garde
and his libmry at White Kniebts, nbu
Reading (formerly tbe seat of tfie ancient
family of EngleGeld), which he purchased
of Richard Byam Mar«n, esq. in 1798.
" A descriptive account oi the Mansion
and Gardens of White Knights," written
by Mrs. Hofland, and illuslrated hf
twenty-three engravings from picture*
taken on the spot by her husband, T. C.
Hodand, esq. was printed at his Graced
expense in lar^ quarto. It also comprises
a list of the costly collection of paintings by
the old masters. A classed catalogue of bii
Grace's library was privately printed in
1812, 4to. , and some account of tbe most
remarkable treasures which it contained
will be found in Clarke's Repertorium
Bibliographicum, 1819, pp. 231—238, in
which volume, at pp. 316—324, are also
some notices of the older coUecUon at
Blenheim, which was principally farmed
by Charles Eari of Sunderiand, the father ,
of the second Duke of Marlborough, who
was in this respect a powerful riral of the
Earl of 0;iford, as Is shown by a curious
note of Humphrey Wanley {the librarian
of the latter) written upon Lord Sunder-
At the sale of the library of the Duke
of Roxburgbein 1813, the Marquen of
Blandfoi-d engaged with his cousin, Eall
Spencer, in the memorable competition
for Valderfer' sedition of the Decamerone
of Boccaccio, printed at Venice in 1471,
and be became successful at the enor-
mous price of 2260(,— by much tbe
largest sum ever given for any book,
either printed or in MS. It is remark-
able that an imperfect copy of this edi-
tion was previously in the library at
Blenheim. The Marquess became one of
the original members of tbe Roxbuigbe
Club, founded upon this memorable oc-
casion, under tbe presidency of bis de-
feated rival.
In 1815 he bought the celebrated Bed-
ford Missal, at the sale of the library of
James Edwards, esq. of Pall Mall, for tbe
sum of 698/. 5f.
However, most of the Duke of MarU
borough's collections have been long since
dispersed ; and during the latter years of
his life bis Grace had lived in utter n-
tirement at one comer of bis magnificent
palace: a melancholy inttsnce of the
536
Marriaget.
[May,
Airhd^ftcmi r>r Ar(Ui|r)i, and nephew to the late
Karl (if ('1aii(*art y, to his coiiKin, Mins Finny
TVench, fniirtli tUu. of the late Lord Archbi-
shop of Tiiniii.
19. At Kareham, Major llasnell Moor, R.
Art. to Kliza, )oiiiiirefft dau. of the late Adm.
John Stanhoi>e. At Xon*irli, the Rev. Goo.
Gibbon!*, of Arley, Cheshirp, to Catharine,
eldest dau. of the 'late K. H. Coneman, esq. of
CottinhalU Xorfolk. At Ed}!i)a.*>ton, Warw.
the Rev. Tlionias C Ifaddon, B.C.L. Incnm-
bent of TiMiNtall, Norfolk, to Kninia-Matflda,
dau. of the late (ieor^e Ryder Hird, esq. of
Kdi^baston. .\t St. Luke s, Rirhanl Hevan,
esq. of Chf>lsea, to Klixabeth-Ann, only dau. of
the late James Forbes, e.su. M.I>.
21. At Aniberley, the Rev. R. M. Caunter,
LL.B. brother of the Orientalist, to .\nn, dau.
of the late Mr. Ilarrinon, of Mashani, ro. York,
and jn*nd-niere of the late Vicar, tlie Rev. J.
Hanley. At Brif^hton, Wni. I1aslcwood,eji(|.
Of Staaichain-park, Sussex, to Frances-Catha-
rine, dau. of the late ("harles Bishop, esq. of
Saubury. Middlesex. At St. Mary's, Br\-an-
aton-9(|. by the Rev. Dr. I>ibdin, Rector, Eliza-
beth'Ann Dibdin, to Richard Lewis, Ks4i. of
In^testoue. At the same Church, Georg-e
Mac Call, esq. 84th Reg:, to Mar>', youngest
dan. of Boneiny Dobree, estj. of Great Cum-
berland-Bt.
23. At All Souls', Lan^hain-place, Philip L.
Powell, esq. to Kliza-Sophia, third dau. of John
Galliers, esq. late of Stapleton Castle, Heref.
24. At Deptfonl, Lieut. W. E. Triscott, R.N.
to Harriet Butt, youni^est dau. of John David
Rolt, esq. At tne same Church, J. A. Hard-
castle, of Trill. Coll. Cambrid^, esq. eldest
son of Alfired Hardcastle, of Hatchain-house,
esq. to Frances, only child of the late Henry
IVilliam Lambirth, es<i. of Writtle. At Pres-
ton, the Rev. Lockhart \V. Jeffray, M.A. son
of I'rofessor Jeffray, of Glasgow, to Catherine,
dau. of the late Thomas Miller, esq. At
Exeter, the Rev. H. L. Houldrich, Vicar of
Holcombe Burnell, to Susan-Isabella, youngest
dau. of the late Matthew Cowper, esiq. At
Totnes, Eilward Bentall, estj. Civil Serv. Ben-
Sl, to Clementina, eldest dau. of the Rev. W.
arshall. Rector of Cliickcrell.
25. At St. James's, Piccadilly, John Charles
Ord, esn. of Knowl-hall, Som'. to Elizabeth-
Anne, eldest dau. of the late W. Villiers Sur-
tees, esq. At St. Mary's, Bryanston-sq.
Capt. Charles Trollope, brother to Sir John
Trollope, Bart, to Frances, only child of the
late John Lord, esq. and niece of S. H. Lord,
esq. At F^inburgrh, the Rev. E. B. Field,
Mountsorrel, Leic. to Isabella, dau. of the
late James Hamilton, esq. M.D. Professor at
the University of Edinburgh.
26. Capt. Robert Beavan, Bengal Army, to
Cecilia, dau. of the Rev. Henry Drury, of Har-
row.
28. At St, Pancras, Thomas Vowe, esq. of
Manor-house, Hallaton, to Elizabeth- Jane, only
dan. of J. W. Fisher, esq. of Burton-crescent.
At Sutton, Surrey, A. Annand, lun. esq.
third son of A. Annand, esq. to Sarah Selina,
youngest dau. of the late J. Blunt, esq. of
Wallop, Hants. AtWingfield, Berks, Mr.
Richard Reece, of Walton-on-Thames, to Sarah,
eldest dau. of William May, esq. of Brock-hill.
80. At Chelsea, C. Wentworth Dilke, esq.
to Mary, dau. of the late Capt. Wm. Chatfield,
of the Madras Cav.
31. At Holton Beckering, Line. Thomas
Brailsford, esq. of East Barkwith-house. to
Mary-Ann, eldest dau. of the Rev. J. Hale,
Rector of the former place.
Lately. At St. George's, Han.-sq. J. H. H.
Atkinson, esq. eldest son of Lieni-Gen. Sir
Thomas Bradford, to Anne, dan. of the late
Wm. Ellice, esq. ^The Bev. Wm. H. Eg^er-
ton, Rector of tne Lower Mediety of Malpas,
to Louisa, dau. of Brooke Conliffie, esq. of £r-
bistock-hall, Flint. At Dvblin. John Barton,
esq. son of the Archdeacon of Ferns, to Mari-
anne, dau. of the late BI. Nicholson, esq. MJ). ;
and at the same time, Richard Symes, esq. of
Bndgewatcr, to Margaret, dau. of the sune
gentleman, and grand-nieces of the late Viee-
Adm. Lord Shuldham. — ^Capt. H. O'Brien,
R.A. to Mary, dau. of Lieut.-CoL C. ODm-
wallis Uausey, C.B. ^At Calpee, India, Cai^
W. F. Beatson, K.F. commanding Bundelkund
liCgion, to Marian, dau. of the lite C^ Hum-
fries. At St. George's, Han.-sq. William
lievan, esq. of Clifton, to Sarah, widow tA Q.
Martin, esq. of Bristol.
Aaril 1. At Baxterly, near Cheltenham,
B. N. Arnold, M.D. son of the Rer. C. Amd^
Incumbent of Meltor and Lani^, Lane, to
Ijouisa, Countess of Kintore ((uvorced from.
the Earl of Kintore, by a decree of the Scotch
Court of Session on the 3d of March last.)
2. At Stapleton, nearBristoL John SKtrarhan,
jun. esu. only sur\'ivin|r son of John fltarm<»i»««^
esq. of Thornton, X. B. and Qifden, Deroa,
Gentleman Usher of the Queen, to Mary-Anne,
dau. of the late Isaac Elton, cm. of StaptoCon-
liouse. At St. Pancras, w. Conlson. esq. of
Frederick's-place, Old Jewry, to Maria, aan.
of John T. Bartram, esq. of Upper FItannr-st.
^At St. George's. Sonthwark, J. W. Medlej,
esq. to Catherine Hannah, second dau. of the
late Capt. Sir G. M. Keith, Bart. R.N. ^At
Halifax, George N. Emmett. esq. of Hoomv-
bury-sq. to Eliza, younreat dan. of Wm. Em-
mett, esq. At Gateshead, the Rer. Hnch
Salvin, Chaphiin R. Navy, to Alice-JnliL elM
surviving uau. of the late Anthony ^utcea,
esq. of Hammersley Hall. At Ardleigli,
Essex, John Posford Osborne, esq. of Ardleigh
Park, to Catharine, second dau. of tbe Ber.
Ileury Bishop, Vicar of Ardleigh. At Fos-
lingford, Suffolk, Timms Henr^ £Iwcs,eaq.
youngest son of the late Lient.-Gen. Eiwe^/to
Louisa, youngest dan. of Col. Weaton. of
Shadow-bush, near dare. At Frenoiar,
near Bristol, Edward, eldest son of Bdw* D.
Poore, esq. of Flgheldean, Wilts, to flnuiees-
Maria, dau. of the Rev. James William^ of
Matheme, Monm.
4. In Florence, the Baron Paul W. D*Hof-
guer. of the Hagne, to Frederica-MaitlaM^
tiiird dan. of Lieut.-Col. the Hon. Gerald de
Courcy.
7. At St. Pancras, Henry Pyne, esq. of the
Inner Temple, to Harriet, dau. of Thomas
James, esq. of Gray's Inn. ^At Woolwidi,
Alex. Denholm, esq. of BeatlainL go. LanariE,
to Elizabeth Ann, eldest dau. of CoL PJiKtenon.
Roy. Art. ^At Liverpool, J. Fhilipa, caqTor
Shrewsbury, to Mary-Emily, ooly sunrivinr
dau. of J. B. Tipton, esq. of Elm House.
At Moccas Court. Heref. Tliomaa Chester Mo*
ter, esq. M.P. for Cirenceater, to CaShariae-
Elizabeth. dan. of the late Sir ueorfe Coni»>
wall. ^At Speldhurst, George Bayley, esq.
of Montagn-st., Russell-sq. to Mary-Aan.cidflat
dau. of John Carruthers, esq. of Mitdielia^naar
Tonbridge Wells.
8. At Paston, co. Northampton, John ftette-
john, esq. of Barbadoes, and Harehatch, Berks,
to Laura, youngest dan. of Charies Cole^esq.
of Paston Hall. ^At High Wycomb^ BiMdu,
Peter Samuel, eldest son of the Rev. Thoma
Fry, Rector of Emberton, Budu, to Katherino-
Eliza-Anne. second dan. of the Ber. J. C.
WiUiams, Rector of Farthfngstone. At Bed-
ford, Horatio Nelson Godoaid. esq. of CIttb
House, and of Porton, Wilts, to jAanihBliii-
beth, dan. of the late Rer. T. Le Momlflr,
Rector of Haoghton-Io-SkcnNh DuIiml
537
OBITUARY.
The Duke of MARLBOfcoiTGH.
March 5. At Blenheim, after a short
illness, within one day of completing his
74>th year, the Most Noble George
Spencer-Churchill, fourth Duke of Man-
borough and Marquess of Blandford, co.
Dorset (1708), seventh Earl of Sunder-
land (1643), fifth Earl of Marlborough
(1689), ninth Baron Spencer of Worm-
leighton, co. Warwick (1603), and fifth
Baron Churchill, of Sandridge, co. Hert-
ford (;1685) ; a Prince of the Holy Roman
Empire ; High Steward of the city of
Oxford, and of the borough of Wood-
stock; D.C.L., F.S.A., F.L.S., &c.
The late Duke of Marlborough was
bom on the 6th March 1766, the elder
son (the younger is the present Lord
Churchill of Wychwood) or George the
fourth Duke of Marlborough^ K.G., by
Lady Caroline RusselL onhr daughter of
John fourth Duke of Bedford. He was
educated at Eton, where the Rev. Wil-
tfem Cole, D. D. (who wrote the descrip-
tions, in Latin, of the Marlborough Gems)
was his tutor ; and subsequently became
a member of Christ church, Oxford^
where the honorary degree of M. A. was
conferred upon him Dec. 9, 1786, and
that of D.C.L. June 20, 1792. He was
returned to Parliament as one of the
members for Oxfordshire at the general
election of 1790, in the room of his uncle
Lord Charles Spencer, but relinquished
the post again to that nobleman at the
general election of 1796.
The Marquess became Major of the
first regiment of Reading Volunteers,
Jan. 3, 1804 ; and he was afterwards
Colonel of that body. In July 1804 he
was appointed one of the Lords Com-
missioners of the Admiralty, which office
he held until Feb. 1806. At the latter
date he was called up, by writ, to the
House of Peers, and placed in his father's
barony of Spencer.
OnthedOth Jan. 1817 he succeeded
his father in the dukedom, and in May
following he was authorized, by royal
sign manual, ** in order to perpetuate in
his family a surname to which his illus-
trious ancestor, John first Duke of Marl-
borough, by a long series of transcendant
and heroic atchievements, added such
Imperishable lustre," to take and use the
surname of Churchill after that of Spen-
cer, and to bear the arms of Churchill
quarterly with those of Spencer, together
with a representation of the bearings of
the standard of colour? belonging to the
honor or manor of Woodstock, and to
Gent. Mag. Vol. XIII.
bear and use the supporters borne >
used by John Duke of Marlborough.
Whilst Marquess of ] dford.
Grace was distinguished b>
cence and expense with whicu u< uig-
his taste, particularly in his (^ardc
and his library at White Knights, nbw
Reading (formerly the seat of the ancient
familv of Englefield), which he purchased
of Richard Byam Martin, esq. in 1798t»
" A descriptive account of the Mansion
and Gardens of White Knights," written
by Mrs. Hofland, and illustrated b^
twenty- three engravings from pictures
taken on the spot by her husband, T. C.
Hofiand, esq. was printed at his Graced
expense in large quarto. It also comprises
a list of the costly collection of paintings hf
the old masters. A classed catalogue of his
Grace's library was privately printed in
1812, 4to., and some account of the most
remarkable treasures which it contained
will be found in ' Clarke's Repertorium
Bibliographicum, 1819, pp. 231—238, in
which volume, at pp. 316 — 324, are also
some notices of tne older collection at
Blenheim, which was principally formed
by Charles Earl of Sunderiand, the father^
of the second Duke of Marlborough, who
was in this respect a powerful rival of the
Earl of Oxford, as is shown by a curious
note of Humphrey Wanley (the librarian
of the latter) written upon Lord Sunder,
land's decease.
At the sale of the library of the Duke
of Roxburghe in 1812, the Marquess of
Blandford enpged with his cousin, Earl
Spencer, in the memorable competition
for Valderfer's edition of the Decamerone
of Boccaccio, printed at Venice in 1471,
dnd he became successful at the enor-
mous price of 2260/. —by much the
largest sum ever given for any book,
either printed or in MS. It is remark-
able that an imperfect copy of this edi-
tion was previously in the library at
Blenheim. The Marquess became one of
the original members of the Roxbui^he
Club, founded upon this memora,ble oc-
casion, under the presidency of his de-
feated rival.
In 1815 he bought the celebrated Bed-
ford Missal, at the sale of the library of
James Edwards, esq. of Pall Mall, for the
sum of 698/. 5s»
However, most of the Duke of Marl-
borough's collections have been long since
dispersed ; and during the latter years of
his life his Grace bad lived in utter re-
tirement at one comer of his magnificent
palace: a melancholy instance of the
538
OniTrARY.— T/ftf Earl of EnniskiUen*
[May,
results of princely c xtravagaiiro. 1 fe sel-
dom qiiitti'd the spot , I'xcept for n short
visit every year to one of the watering
placeR.
His (Jmee married, Sept. 15, 1791,
I^dy Su«ian Stewart, daughter of John
eighth Karl of Galloway, K.T., by whom
he had issue four sons and two daughters :
I. Ijady Susan- Caroline, who died an
infant in 17fr2: )i. the Most Noble
(jeorge now Duke of Marlborough,
who, as Marquess of Blandford, has sat
in the present Parliament for "Wood-
stork ; he was born in 1793, and married
in 1819 his cousin Lady Jane Stewart,
eldest daughter of George ninth Earl of
Galloway, K.T., by whom he has issue
John. Winston now Marquess of Bland-
ford, two other sons, and one daughter ;
3. I^rd Charles Spencer- Churchill, an
officer in the army, formerly M.P. for
Woodstock, who married in 1827 Ethel-
dred- Catharine, second daughter of John
Benett, of Pyt-house, co. Wilts, esq.,
M.P. for the southern division of that
county, and was left a widower in De-
cember last with several children ; •!. the
Rev. Lord George Henry Spencer-
Churchill, who died in 1828, without
issue, having married his cousin Eliza-
beth-Martha, eldest daughter of the Rev.
Edward Nares, D.D., (by Lady Charlotte
Spencer,) now re-married to William
Whatek'y, esq. barristcr-at-law ; 5. Lord
Henry John Spencer- Churchill, a Capt.
R.N. and now in command of the Druid
frigate on the East India station, who is
unmarried ; and 6. Lady Caroline, who
died in 1824^ having married the late
David Pennant, jun. esq. of Downing,
CO. Flint.
The late Duke's funeral took place on
the 13th March, when his body was de-
posited in the vault of the chapel at
Blenheim. It was attended by the pre-
sent Duke and bis three sons, the Kev.
Vaugban Thomas, W. Whateley, esq.
&c.
There is a portrait of the late Duke of
Marlborough, painted byCosway, R.A.
and engraved by Barney, in folio. A
painting which Cosway made of the
Duke's two boys (the present Duke and
his brother, Lord Charles) represented as
playing with armour, has also been en-
graved.
The Earl of Enniskillen.
March 31. At Florence Court, co.
Fermanagh, in his 72d year, the Right
Hon. John Willoughby Cole, second
Earl of Enniskillen (1789), Viscount
Enniskillen (1776), and third Baron
Mountflorence, of Florence Court, co.
Fermanagh (17C0), all titles in the peer*
age of Ireland ; and the first Baron Grin-
stead of Grinstead, co. Wilts, in tbat of
the United Kingdom ; also a Represen-
tative Peer for Ireland ; K. P. ; Lord
Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the
county of Fermanagh, &c.
His lordship was bom on the 23d
March, 1768, the eldest son of William -
Willoughby the first Earl, by Anne,
only daughter of Galbraith Lowry Cole,
esq. and sister to the first Earl of Bel-
more.
He represented the county of Ferma-
nagh in the Parliament of Ireland, and
afterwards in that of the United King-
dom, until the death of his father, May
22, 1803. In the same year he raised
four bodies of volunteers, viz. the Tril-
lick, the Taugher, the Lurdganderah,
and the Callow-hill. On his Other's death,
or shortly after, he was elected a Repre-
sentative Peer of Ireland ; and on the ilth
Aug. 1815, he was created a Peer of the
United Kingdom, by the title of Baron
Grinstead, of Grinstead, co. Wilts. He
was nominated a Knight of St. Patrick
in 18H.
The Earl of Enniskillen was exceed-
ingly popular in his own countiy ; and
nothing could exceed the terms of regret
in which his loss is lamented by sei^ral
of the Irish papers. His body was in-
terred in the family vault underneath
Erne church, on Monday the 13tb of
April, attended by his two sons, the pre-
sent Earl, and the Hon. John Cole; and
his two brothers, Gen. Sir Lowry Cole,
and the Hon. Henry Arthur Cole ; Us
brothers in law Mr. Townley Balfour and
Mr. Owen Wynne, of Hadewood, "nd
other relatives. The service vnm read by
the Hon. and Rev. J. C. Maude.
His lordship married, Oct. 15, 1805,
Lady Charlotte Paget, fourth daughter of
Henry first Earl of Uxbridge, and siater
to the Marquess of Anglesey, K.G.9 and
by that lady, who died on the 86th Jan.
1817, he had issue three sons whosuryive
him, besides another son and one daugh-
ter who are deceased. Their names are
as follow: 1. the Right Hon. \^Uiam-
Willoughby now Earl of Enniskillen,
late M.P. in the present Parliament for
the county of Fermanagh ; he was bom
in 1807, but is at present unmarried; 8.
the Hon. Henry Arthur Cole* Capt.
7th Dragoons, Colonel of the Ferma*
nagh Militia, and M.P. for Ennis-
killen ; 3. Lady Jane - Annis - Louisa-
Florence, who died in 1831, in her SOth
year ; 4. the Hon. John Cole, bom In
1815; and 5. the Hon. Lowry-Balfour,
who died in 1818, in his third year.
1 840.] Obituary.— Ear/ of Morley.-^Rt. Hon. Sir G. Hewett, Bart.
The Earl of Morley.
March 14. At Saltram, near Ply-
mouth, in his 68th year, the Right Hon.
John Parker, first Earl of Morley, and
Viscount Boringdon, of North Molton,
CO. Devon 0815), and second Baron Bo-
ringdon, of Boringdon, co. Devon (1784);
F.R.S. andD.C.L.
His lordship was bom May 3, 1772,
the only son of John first Lord Boring,
don, by his second wife, the Hon. The-
resa Robinson, second daughter of Tho-
mas first Lord Grantham, and aunt to
the present Earl de Grey, and the Earl of
Ripon. He succeeded to the peerage
whilst still in his minority, on the death
of his father, April 27, 1788. He was a
member of Christ Church, Oxford, where
he was created D.C.L. June 18» 1799 ;
and he was elected a Fellow of the Royal
Society in 1795.
When a young man Lord Boringdon
was a frequent speaker in the House of
Lords, where he supported the ministers
of Mr. Pitt and his Tory successors. He
was raised to the title of a Viscount and
Earl, with the titles already mentioned, by
patent dated Nov. 29, 1815.
In the neighbourhood of Plymouth,
the Earl of Morley was universally re-
spected and beloved. Few noblemen pos-
sessed so much public spirit, for, whenever
any plan calculated to promote the public
benefit was suggested, he was always
ready to use all his interest in promoting
it. Among the improvements in that
vicinity for which the public are indebted
to his late lordship, is the beautiful bridge
of the Laira, in connexion with the new
road to Totnes. His lordship also, some
years since, established the Plymouth
Races, on a fine piece of ground called
Chelson Meadow, adjoining Saltram
Park, and situated about a mile and a
half from Plymouth. Chelson Meadow
originally formed part of the Laira
Water ; and in 1809 his Lordship pro-
cured an Act of Parliament for forming
an embankment, whereby several thou-
sand acres were made available for tillage,
and part now forms the race-course. His
lordship patronised in the most liberal
manner all the public institutions of Ply-
mouth, and all the charitable societies
had his name enrolled as a subscriber.
His lordship was twice married. His
first union took place on the 20th June,
1804, with Lady Augusta Fane, second
daughter of the Earl of Westmorland,
and sister to the Countess of Jersey ;
which marriage was dissolved in Feb.
1809, and her ladyship is now the wife of
the Right Hon. Sir Arthur Paget, G.C.B.
There was one son of this marriage,
Henry- Villiers Viscount Boringdon, who
died in 1817, in his 12th year. The
of Morley married secondly, Aug.
1809, Frances, daughter of Th<
Talbot, of Wymondham, co. Nor
esq. and by her ladyship, who sur
him, he had issue one son and one df
ter, the Right Hon. Edmund, now
of Morley, and Lady Caroline-*Al
drina, who died in 1818^ in her i
year.
The present Earl was bom in U
and is unmarried. He is one of the Gr
tlemen of the Bedchamber to his Ro
Highness Prince Albert.
Rt. Hon. Sir Geo. HeweitI Bart.
March 21. At his seat, Fre
Park, near Southampton, aged
Right Hon. Sir Geoi^e Hewett, j>aT^. •
Privy Councillor in Ireland, General iit'^
the army, and for forty years Colonel of ■
the 61st Foot.
He was descended from an old Leices?^
tershire family, and was the only son <^
Major Shuckbui^h Hewett, of Melton
Mowbray, by Miss Anne Ward. He was -
appointed Lieutenant of the 70th foot the
20th April 1764, Captain the 2d June
1775 ; Major of the 43rd foot the 31st
Dec. 1781 ; Colonel the 1st March 1794,
Major. General the 3d May 1796, Colonel
of the 61st foot the 4th April 1800, Lieu-
tenant-General the 25th Sept. 1803, and
General the 4th June 1813.
He served in America, and in the East
and West Indies, and was for some time
Commander-in-chief of the Forces in the
East Indies. He was created a Baronet
by patent dated 6th Nov. 1813.
He married, the 26th July 1785, Julia,
daughter of John Johnson, of Blackheath,
esq. by whom he had issue twelve chil-
dren, five sons and seven daughters. The
former are: 1. Sir George Henry Hewett,
who has succeeded to the title, and is a
Lieut-Colonel in the army ; he was
born in 1791, and married in 1816,
Louisa, youngest daughter of the late Rt.
Rev. Henry William Majendie, D.D.
Lord Bishop of Bangor, by whom he has
several children ; 2. John, an officer in
the army, deceased ; 3. Major William
" Hewett, who married in 1826 Sarah,
daughter of the late Gen. Sir James Duff,
Knt. ; 4. Charles ; and 5. Philip, who
married in 1828 Anne, youngest daughter
of Gen. Sir James Duff. The daughters :
1. Julia, married to Gen. Cary ; 2. Eliza,
married to Major John Johnson, Deputy
Adjutant-gen. in the East Indies, and
died in India ; 3. Anne, married in 1818
to Miller, M.D. of Exeter, and died
in 1833; 4. Charlotte; 5. Catharine-
PVances; 6. Frances, died in 18*27, ut\-
married; and 7* Maiianne,
540 ObituarT.— i^cfoi. Sir Harr^ B. Neak, Bart. G.C.B^ tJ^^J*
In 1703 bo was apfKiinted acting Cap-
tain of the Vengeance, 74 s and upon tbe
breaking ont of the war, to tbe command
of tbe Aiuuble, 32. Under Lord Hood's
orders be landed the seamen and marines
wlio assisted in tbe defence of Toulon ;
and was, afterwards^ witb Capt. Ingle*
field, of the Aigle, convoy to tbe trade
from Smyrna and Salonica to Malta.
Whilst employed in the blockade and n-
duction of Corsica, bo Xook. the MoaeUe
24, which surrendered, after an eschaugo
of broadsides. During this time he waa
constantly engaged with batteries, or in
preventing the importation of suppliea
from France. He was next eflatjployed,
in conjunction with Capt. logleneldt in
arran^ng the formation of a naval dep6t
at Ajaccio in that island.
On the 15tb April 1795 Sir Harry
Burrard married Grace- Eliiabetb, eldest
daughter and coheiress of Aobert Neale,
of Shaw House, co. Wilts, eaq* and be
thereupon assumed tbe niuae of Neale,
by royal sign manuaL
In tbe same year be waa appointed to
the St. Fiorenzo, and continued in )iei
command until 1800. His services were
chiefly confined to the Fieach coast ; and,
in company witb the Phaeton, Hon.
Capt. Stopford, he phased La Beaist-
ance, which escaped, after aeveial broad-
sides, under the protection of the bitte*
ries. In 1797, in company witb the
Nymph, Capt. Cooke, be took tlM aama
ship, of 48 guns, and 345 men* and the
Constance, 24 guns, 180 men, after an
action of half an hour, without tbe Iom of
a man killed or wounded. For tUi be
received the thanks of the Admirstof.
La Resistance was renamed t)ie fw^
guard, in allusion to her return from the
expedition to Wales. He then took aqd
burnt two of a convoy, which be chased
into Belleisle Roads ; and he afterwuda
fell in with the same convoy again, under
the protection of five large Frenob Id-
gates, and succeeded in capturinf fimr
more.
In the same year be was ordered to the
Nore, to convey the Frincesa Royal* um
her marriage, to the Continent. The
British fleet was, at. that time, in e kick
state of mutiny ; and, although Uiey aue*
ceeded in preventing the equipment of the
vessels, they could not shake tbe loyeltj
of Sir Harry's crew. In oontequenee oF
the ^uiet state of the St. Fioremo^ coula-
martial were ordered to assemble on board
of this ship. The mutineen sent tlieir
delegates with cutlassea and piatdia, and
posted them at the calmudoort; Sir Harrj
ordered them firom tbe abipi end waa
obeyed. Tbe mutineen then eoqpiainted
the St. floieii«o» that if hat jmdfriU
The loss of Sir Georgo Hewctt is
greatly regretted by his family and nume-
rous iriends, but more especially the poor,
to whom he was a most liberal benefactor.
Sir George was the fourth on the list of
generals ; and it was somewhat singular
that, although enjoying tolerable health a
long time preceding, and anxiously wish-
ing to see his old comrades once more, he
took to his bed the day his regiment
landed at Southampton on their return
from Ceylon.
Adm. Sir H. B. Nealk, Babt. G.C.B.
Feb. 1j. At Brighton, aged 76, Sir
Harry Biurard Neale, the second Baro-
net, of Walbampton, CO. Hants (1769);
G.C.B. Admiral of the Wbite.
Sir Harry Neale was the eldest son of
Colonel William Burrard, by his second
wife, Mary, daughter of Joseph Pearce,
esq. of Lymington; and nephew to Sir
Harry Burrard, who was created a Baro-
net in 1769.
He entered the navy on board the Roe-
buck, 44 guns, Capt. Sir Andrew Ham-
mond (afterwards Snape Douglas), in
1778. He was present at the siege of
Charleston, the destruction of tbree
American frigates, the reduction of Sa-
vannah-le-Mar, and the capture at sea of
two American frigates, the Confederacy
and the Protector. In 1781, he was in
the Chatham, 50, Capt. Sir A. Snape
Douglas, when she took the Magicienne,
after an action of half an hour ; and was
active, also, in the capture of several pri-
vateers. In 1783 he >vas appointed act-
ing Lieutenant on board the Perseverance,
Capt. Lutewick, where he had an oppor-
tunity of seeing Gen. Washington ; and
on his return home he served on board
the Hector, 74, Sir William Hamilton,
and the £urope, 50, bearing Adm. James'
flag in the West Indies. During the hur-
ricane of 1785, he volunteered to save tbe
lives of five men floating on a wreck, and,
with extreme personal peril, succeeded;
for this he received the thanks of the
Admiralty and of his captain. He was
afterwards in the Flora, Capt. Storey,
and the Astraa, Capt. Rainier. In 1787
his Lieutenancy was confirmed, on
board the Expedition, Capt. Chetwynd ;
and in 1790 be was appointed to the
Southampton, Capt. (afterwards Sir
Richard) Keats, and next to the Victory,
100, bearing Lord Hood's flag. He was
afterwards made Commander in the
Orestes, 18, and was employed on the
Coast Preventive service, and to attend
his Majesty George III. at Weymouth.
Lieut. Burrard succeeded to the title of
Baronet on the death of bis uncle, the
12th April 1791. '
IS 10.] Obituary.— //(^M. Sir Hwrry B. Neale, Bari, G.C.B. 541
in with the Marengo, 80 guns, Adin,
Liiioia, and 740 men, and the Belle
Puulc, 48 guns and Ci^O men. After an
nctiun, which lasted three quarters of an
hour, in which the London, from her
lowor-deck guns being so near the water's
edge, was prevented using them, the
French ships separated by signal. Tho
Ramillies came up, and, passing by tbo
London, the Marengo surrendered with-
out tiring another shot. The Amaxon
sailed alter the iklle Poule and took her.
The London lost 1 midshipman (Mr.
Hooke, a nephew of Sir Harry) who was
killed bv a shot from the Belle Poule,
lU killed and a^J wounded. The Admi-
ral and Captain of the Marengo were
wounded, as well as 87 more, and G5
were killed. Her Majesty Queen Char-
lotte wrote with her own hand a letter of
congratulation to Sir Harry Neole upon
his success. After his return home be
was again appointed a Lord of the Admi-
ralty, and next to the command of the
Royal Sovereign Yacht, in attendance
upon the King. In 1808 he was made
Captain of the Channel Heet, under
Lord Giimbier, in the Ville dc i'aris, and
wa.s present at the destruction of the
French ships in Basque Roads. His
name was included in the vote of thanks
by the House of Commons to Lord Gam-
bier. In 1810 he was made Rear- Ad-
mi ral, and was second in command in the
Channel Fleet in the Caledonia. In 18U
he was made Vice- Admiral and Knigfat-
(loninmnder of the Bath, and in 1821
riHreived the Grand Cross of the Order.
in Ih3i3 he was ap|>ointed to the chief
rommand in the Mediterranean* where
he wttM succeeded by Sir Edward Codring -
ton. if there was one good quality more
predominant than others in Sir Harry, it
was his coolness and judgment ; and had
ho furtnnatdy commanded at a later
pciitMl, the country might have been saved
the very great injury which, in the judg-
ment of MinihCers themselves the impro-
vident de>truction of the Turkihh fleet
inflicted upon our interests in the Medi*
trrranean.
Sir Harry then returned to his seat in
HanijMhire, where, upon the death of
A dm. Sir Thomas Foley, be was named
by King William 1 V. to the command at
I'ortsmuuth^tt command, the King added
in a mo^t flattering manner, which had
constantly bevii in the perMMial nomination
of the Crown, and neviT had lieon consi-
dered a ministerial ap|Miintment. 1 iowe«'er»
Sir James Graham, who wan at this time
firfet Lord of the Admiralty, required, as
a condition for confirming the appoint-
ment, that Sir Harry Neale shoula resign
hii icat fof Lymington, Thisj Sii IUii/»
luit cheer with the others, the Defiance,
(ils should run ulungside, and tire into her.
Anil the next day the Detiancc came
down, with the men at their qiiurtcrd,
iiiiitclu's ii^Iited, und ^uns loaded ; but
on! v" one shot was tired, fur such was the
"^treii^th uf the wind, and rapidity of the
tide, that the attempt was frubtrated.
The loyalty ot the crew enabled Sir Harry
to aetiu.iin't JOarl Spencer, then First
Lord ot the Admiralty, with the plans of
the inutiiieers; und, when the favourable
opporttinity presented itself, the St.
Kionii/u escaped from the mutineers,
.(Iter receiving the lire from the whole
lUct, which very much damaged the ship.
Stu waN followed hy the Clyde, und ar-
lived sitely at Spitheud. This broke up
tlie celebrated mutiny at the Nore. For
this Sir Harry received the thanks of the
iiieuiiiiiits of London, as well as an ad-
dre» ii.oin l^udlow, conveving VML Sir.
^iihMiilK-d at the time, to be distributed
.iiiioii^.'nI the crew. Karl Spencer, in his
leitd- uj>ou this occasion, said, — *Mie
jollied ill the Ktroiige»t terms, in (lie ap-
plau^e and admiration of hi* conduct, and
rr]t>ii-ed that none ot his gallant and lo^'ul
|u(>p!e liail Mitl'ered in the execution
ot lii» plan.*' George Hi. assured Sir
Harry, that he should always bear in
iiiiiid this most important service, ond
thai it wait his intention he should have
tlie red iibhoii of the Hath, then a
much rarer honour than at present. In
n<ft) he was under I^ord liridjMirt's or-
dei>< in the ( haiMiel, when, in company
with the Anuiia, Hon. (*apt. Herbert,
liiey tell in with three I'Vench frigates.
La \ en^cance, 4b guns, und two of a
MiLiller ci.t«s. A violent squall troiu the
iiortli-we^t had ju<*t carried oir the Ame-
lu's t«)|> ma<)ts. .An action ensued for
licaily two hours, when the enemy bore
uj» toV the Loire. The French account
sidttv tlie Coinnxxlore to have been
killed, and 1 U) men killed and wounded.
The St. Fioreiizo had 1 man killed and
Is wounded; tin- Amelia 1 othcer, 1 man
killed, and lil wounded. For this he
iiK'.iiii received the thanks of the Admi-
ralty.
Ill IMII Sir Harry was appointed to
ti:e ( eiitaur 7t, and ufterwuids to the
It oval Charlotte Yacht, in attendance
upon tie Kin^'. In Ihlil he hud the
coiiiinand ot eigiit Irigutes and several
f'UM. boats Ht the mouth of the Tliumes;
und the iiame year was nioile a Lord of
the Admiralty. In iMK'i he wan up|Kiint-
id to the Iloyal Sovereign Vu<;ht ; and
next itiinnianded the Loiidon. V^ gui'S
III the ><iUHdron of Sir J. iL Warren.
The London, being a bad sailor, was
sUtioiicd to the wiudwwdi when ihe fell
642
OBiTUARY.^Cren. Sir Josiah Champagni,
Ofay,
as a man of honour, could not do ; and,
accordingly, the King regretted that he
could not perforin his promise, and that
what had iiichcrto been an appurtenance
to the Crown, should now be entirely at
the disposal of Ministers. It is fair to Sir
James Graham to add, that he admitted,
ill the presence of other veterans of the
Navy, having acted erroneously ; and the
subsequent disposal of this species of
ministerial patronage, proves them to
have taken a totally different view of the
union of professional and parliamentary
duties : so that it may fairly be said, in
this as in other instances, that Sir Harry
JH&ae always deserved what he got, al-
though he did not always get what he
deserved. In reviewing his services,
they comprise thirty-two years. He
served on board twenty ships, and a
similar number were either taken or
destroyed under his orders.
Sir Harry Ncale was for the greater
part of his life one of the representatives
in Parliament for Lymington in Hamp-
shire, where long family connexion had
given him a predominant interest. He
was first returned for that borough at the
general election of 1790, together with
his cousin Major Harry Burrard (after-
wards created a Baronet in 1807), and
was re-elected in 1796. In 1802 his
cousin (then Major- Gen. Burrard) was
returned in his place ; but in 1806 he re-
sumed his seat, and he continued to hold
it until the alteration consequent on the
Reform of Parliament
His personal influence, however, arising
from his suavity of manners, warm bene-
volence, and honourable hospitality, were
very great. He lived in the world, but
never neglected the couch of the sick or
the cabin of the poor. His fellow-towns-
men shewed their sense of bis value,
when for a week preceding his funeral
the shops were closed, and two hundred
tradesmen spontaneously attended his fu-
neral though intended to be private. His
body was borne from his house at Wal-
hampton to the grave by twenty-four poor
labouring men.
His friends have determined to erect a
column to his memory, which, erected in
his native place, may perpetuate their es-
teem. During the iirst fortnight the sub-
scriptions amounted to more than 800/.
The Queen Dowager and the Princess
Augusta, and the Duchess of Gloucester
have tendered the sums of 50/. each (the
maximum admitted) accompanied by ex-
pressions which lend them additional
value. It is proposed that the testimo-
nial shall consist of a pillar or obelisk of
60 or 70 feet in height, having an appro-
poate inscription on ^qh fa^e of the pe^
destal, together with such ornamental
bas-relief in illustration of the profies-
sional services of the deceased, as tibc
funds will permit ; and be erected on an
elevated and conspicuous spot, opposite
the main street of Lymington, on the
Walhampton estate, and left bank of
the river. Such an object would be
seen at a considerable distance in almost
every direction: — by sea, from Stoke's
bay to St. Alban's h«d — (compre-
hending the Isle of Wight, the Solent,
Needles* Passage, &c.) And it is in-
tended (if possible) to unite utility wiUi
ornament, by rendering the pUhir a sea-
mark for clearing the shoals in the Needles'
Passage and Solent — thus increasing the
interest with which such an object must
be ever viewed— as contributing to the
safetv of that fleet and service, of which he,
to whom it is to be erected, was so gal-
lant and eminently-successful a leader,
and by whom he was universally loved and
honoured.
Sir Harry having had no children, the
title has devolved on his brother, the Rev.
George Burrard, Hector of ^Tarmouth,
1. W. who has a numerous family.
Gen. Sir Josiah Champagne, G.C.H.
Jan. 31, In Harley Street, aged 86,
Sir Josiah Champagne, G.C.H., a Ge-
neral in the army, and Colonel of the 17th
foot.
This officer received, the 28th of Jan.
1775, an ensigncy in the 3l8t foot; in
March, 1776, he embarked with his re-
giment, and landed in America in May ;
and remained on active service till the
peace, when he returned to England.
The 11th July, 1777, he obtained his
lieutenancy ; in April 1783, a company
in the 99th foot ; and in March, 1784, a
company in the 3rd foot. Capt. Cham-
pagn<; joined his corps in May of the
latter 3rear, in Jamaica; and in 1785,
went with the expedition to the Spanish
main; he continued in the West Indiea-
five years, and then returned to England.
In 1793, he again embarked for the West
Indies, under Sir C. Grey, but proceeded
to the relief of Nieuport; on the 18th
of Sept. was appointed to a majority in
the 80th foot, and the 19th £1^. to a
Lieut.. Colonelcy. In 179i he. again went
to the Continent, and returned with the
army in 1795; be twice embarked in the
latter year, in command of his regiitaent^
for the coast of France ; the misfortune
at Quiberon prevented the first ei]>edi-
tion from proceeding beyond Plymouth ;
the second, under Major- Gen. Doyle,
took possession of Isle Dieu, and re-
mained on that service till January 1796^
when hereturqed to Eng^Uud. .
1840.] Obituary. — Eear-Jdm, Tat ham, ^^ Rear* Adm, Holies.
543
In March 1796, Lieut. -Col. Cham-
pagii*^ embarked in command of his re-
ginnMit for the C^ipe of Good Hope, and
ut the close of the year sailed with it for
the F:a.st Indies. The 2Gth of Jan. 1707,
he was appointed ("olonel, by brevet;
and in 1800, to the command of an expe-
dition against Batavia, with the rank
of Urigudier-Creneral; but which was
RubstMpiently countermanded. In 1801
li(> was appointed second in command to
the army which sailed from India for
Kg)'])t ; in 1803 he returned to England,
und tlie 26th Sept. of that year was ap-
pointed Major. General ; on the 25th of
July, 1810, Lieut. -General; the 25lh of
Feb. 1810, Colonel of the 41st foot ; from
which he was removed to the Colonelcy
of the I7tli foot the 1 ith June, 1819.
lie attained the full rank of (General 19th
July, \^n.
Rear. A DM. Tatham.
Jan. 2k At bis seat, Hornby Castle,
near Lancaster, aged 84, Sandford Ta-
tliani, esq. a retired Hear- Admiral R.N.
Admiral Tatham was the son and heir
of the Rev. Sandford Tatham, M.A.
Hector of Hutton, co. Cumberland, and
Vicar of Appleby, co. Westmorland, by
Kiizal>eth, second daughter of Henry
Marsden, of Wennington ball, in Lons.
dale, CO. I^ncaster, esq. and aunt to John
Marsden, esq. of Hornby (^stle, who
died in 182().
We have not very full particulars of
hi< professional services. During the
Hu^sian armament in 1791, he com-
manded the Argo, a 4l.gun ship, armed
rnjinte, in North America. In 1793 he
wuM appointed to the Dromedary store
•<hip, and accompanied the expedition
under Sir John Jervis and Sir Charles
Grey to the West Indies.
On the 8th Feb. 1794, whilst employed
in covering the debarkation of the third
brigade of the army on the side of Cas de
Navires, in the Island of Martinique, the
I )romedary, venturing too near the bat-
tery on Foint Negro, received a shot be-
tween wind and water, and a second
through her upper works, which killed
one man and wounded four, among whom
wnH Captain Tatham.
Our oflicer was promoted to the rank
of Fost-Captain, Nov. 4, 17M; em-
ploved on the Impress service in 179H
arifl 17i)9; and obtained the superannua-
tion of a Hear-Admiral, Dec. 7, 1813.
During the latter years of his life Adm.
Taitham was engaged in one of the most
memorable legal contests of modem
times. Hornby Castle, near Leeds, the
ancient mansion of the Stanleys Lords
Montcagle, wu purchaaed in 17b9 bj
John Marsden, of Wennington hall, esq.
from the Earl of Charteris. Mr. Mars-
den died issueless, July 1, 1826, appoint-
ing in his last will George Wright, esq.
of Hexham, as his devisee in trust for
the heir. The Rev. Anthony Lister, of
Wennington ball, Vicar of Gargrove, co.
York, pursuant to Mr. Maiden's will
(dated l4th June 1822) took the name of
Marsden only by royal license dated Feb.
27, 1827 ; and was then reputed the suc-
cessor to the property. Adm. Tatham
claimed as cousin and heir in blood, dis-
puting the sanity of the testator. At the
first trial, at York assizes, the will was
established ; but further proceedings were
taken, and the litigation was finally set-
tled only in 1836, after eleven days* trial
at Lancaster, when Adm. Tatham entered
with great rejoicings, upon the estate,
the rental of which was estinmted at
neariv 7000/. (see our vol. VI. p. 428.)
A full report of the legal proceedings of
Tatham r. Wright, has been published
in two volumes octavo.
Adm. Tatham has left a widow, without
children. He has devised his estates to
Pudsey Dau*son, esq.
Robert Rolleb, Esq.
Nov, 18. At Brighton, aged 75, Ro-
bert Rolles, esq. Rear-Adroiral of the
Red.
At the commencemerit of the war with
France, in 1793, this officer commanded
the Lord Mulgrave hired armed ship, of
20 guns, employed in convoyine the trade
between Spithead and HuU, the under-
writers of which port presented him with
a handsome piece of plate, for his great
care and diligent attention to their inte-
rests whilst on that station.
On the 12th August 1795^ Capt. Rollcfl
was posted into the Laurel, of 28 gnni ;
and in the spring of the following year,
assisted at the reduction of St. Li^ii^ hj
the forces under the orders of Sir Hugh
C. Christian and Sir Ralph Abercroin^.
He subsequentiv commanded the Rc-
nomm^ and Alarm frigates, on the Ja-
maica station, and returned to Engkndin
the Utter, about the year 1800.
During his continuance in the West
Indies this officer captured several of the
enemy's privateers and armed packets^ and
a Spanisn national schooner, of li gOM.
He also assisted in taking the Astunana,
letter of marque, mounting 24 guns and 4
brass howitzers, with a complement of
100 men, from Cadiz to Vera Cruz, rich-
ly laden.
We nezt find Capt. RoUes comnuuid-
ing the Lion of 64 guna, in the East In-
diet { from whence he cooToyed bone
£44 J. r. p. fl- Treoanion, Esq^^^C. B. WoUaH(m, Esq. CMay,
Frendi Burdett, Bart M.P. uid by that
lady, who lurfiyes, he had one daughter.
aereii] of the Hon.Coinpany*s shiM ; and
for thii service was presented oy the
Court of Directors with the sum of 500/.
for the purchase of a piece of plate. On
the 87th Dec. I80B, the Lion captured La
Reciprocity French privateer, of 14 guns
and 45 men, off Beach v Head.
Early in 181 1, Capt. Holies obtained the
command of the Edinburgh, a new 74,
from which ship he removed into the
Union, a second rate, on the Mediterra-
nean atation, where he remained until the
peace. His commission as Hear- Admi-
ral bore date June 4, 1B14.
Adm. Holies married, first, Dec. 22,
1801, Miss Scott, daughter of Hear- Adm.
Scott of Spring Hill. Secondly, about
Jan. ieH05, a daughter of the late Rev.
Dr. Rawbone, Hector of Hatford, Berks.
J. T. P. B. Trevanion, Esq.
Lately. Abroad, aged GO, John Tre-
vanion Purnel Bettes worth Trevanion,
esq. of Carhayes, Cornwall, Colonel of
the Militia of that county.
He was the son of John Bettesworth,
esq. of Carhayes, by Miss Frances
Tomkins, of Pembrokeshire ; and grand-
son of John Bettesworth, esq. LL.D.
Dean of the Arches, by Frances, the el-
der daughter of John Trevanion, esq.
of Carhayes, M.P. for (;orn\>'aU ; sister
and coheiress of William Trevanion, esq.
oif Carhayes, M. P. for Tregony, who died
in 1707.
Mr. Trevanion succeeded to the family
estates on his father's death, and served
the office of Sheriff of Cornwall in 1804.
He built at Carhayes a magnificent Go-
thic castle, after a p.an of Mr. Nash, the
architect of Buckingham Palace and
R^ent Street.
Mr. Trevanion was twice married ;
first, in 1801, to Charlotte, daughter and
coheiress of Hosier, esq. ^^vho,
with the whole of his family, witn the
exception of his two daughters, Mrs.
Trevanion and Marianne, wife of Lieut. -
Gen. Sharpe, was lost in the Grosvenor
£ast Indiaman in 1782) by whom he
had issue four sons : 1. John Charles
Trevanion, esq. married to Charlotte,
daughter of Trelawney Brereton, esq.
and has issue a son and heir, Hugh ; 2.
Henry Trevanion, esq. who married
Georgiana, daughter of Gen. Charles
Leigh, and neice to the late celebrated
Lord Byron, and has issue ; 3. George,
Lieut. R. N. who married Gertrude,
daughter of Thomas Daniell, of Trelisick,
CO. Cornwall, esq. and died in 1832; 4.
Frederick William.
Mr. Trevanion married secondly, in
1830, Susannah, second daughter of Sir
12
Charlton Byam WollasItom, Esq.
Feb. 21 . At his house at Dorchester,
CO. IXorset, aged 75, Charlton Bymm
Wollaston, esq. for many years Chairman
of the Quarter Sessions of that county.
Mr. WoUaston was the son of the uite
Charlton Wollaston, M.D. F.R.S. Phy-
sician to the Queen^s Household, by
Phillis, sole daughter and heir of Samuel
Byam, of the island of Antigua, esq.
She married, secondly, the late James
Frampton, esq. of Moreton, the head of
the ancient and honourable house of
Frampton, of Moreton, co. Dorset, the
issue of which marriage was the present
James Frampton, esq. and Mrs. Mary
Frampton, to whom, consequently^ Bfr.
Wollaston was uterine brother. Mr.
Wollaston xms bom Feb. 16, 1765 ; was
educated at Winchester and Cambridge ;
being entered of St. John's College, and
proceeded B.A. 1786, and M.A. 1789;
and was called to the bar at the Bfiddle
Temple, in 1809, and practised on the
Western Circuit, and at the Dorsetshire
Sessions, until he was appointed Deputy
to the Judge Advocate General, which
office he held, with q^t advantap to
the public service, until the condnsion of
the war. He succeeded the late Right
Hon. Nathaniel Bond as Recorder of
Dorchester, and the late Thomas Fidmrd,
esq. as Chairman of the Quarter Sesaiona.
He resigned the one office at the paaaiiig
of the Municipal (>)rporation8 Act, and
the other, to the great remt of his bro-
ther magistrates, and of the public gene-
rally, m consequence of a failure of
health.
Mr. Wollaston*8 classical attdnmeota
were considerable, and kept up wonder-
fully, almost to the dose of his life. JElla
acuteness and quick perception of a iub-
ject were remarkable. His piety waa
real, based on the blessed Gospel of
trutn ; but; It was between God and hla
own soul, void of all ostentation. Ita
fruits, however, were obvious. Hla be-
nevolence, his kind - heartedneai^ the
friendly feeling which all who knew Um
must have noticed, were such in kind and
degree as only a Chriatian could poafeaa.
From his pious, social, aiid benevioleDt
disposition, few persons have ^^ mors
deservedly lamented.
His remains were, on the 88th of Feb.
deposited in the vault of the FVampton
family at Moreton^ where lie intarrea the
remains of hia mother; and during the
morning there was observed in Dormtter
a genenl manifeBtation of deep and sb-
cere mourning, and of thit endniqjg es-
1840.] Obituary.— /?fi;. Dr. GoodalL-^-^hr Jeffry WyaivUU. 545
teem wbicb lives beyond the grave. Until
the prcM'eshiuii had passed out of the
town, the shops were closed and business
WU8 suspended.
Kkv. Di\. GooDALL, Provost of Eton.
March 23. At Eton college, aged 80,
i\w Hev. Joseph Goodall, D.D. Provost
of Eton, ('anon of Windsor, and Rector
of West Ilsley, Berks.
This distinguished scholar was born on
tiu' 2nd of March, J 760. The pages of
the Musa* Etonenses contain ample
proofs of the elegance of his diction and
correctness of his taste and scholarship
in early years; and among the friends of
his boyhood were included the most ac-
complished Etonians of that period —
the lute Professor Porson, the late Judges
(ribbsand Dampier, and (of those who
still survive him) the Marquess Welles-
ley, with whom through life his friendship
was uninterrupted. Mr. Goodall was
admitted from Eton College to King's
College, Cambridge, in 1778. He there
obtained, in 1782, a University Scholar*
ship, and in 1781 and 1782, Sir William
Browne's medals for the Greek odes and
epigrams. In the year 1783, when he
became Kellow of King's College, he
WHS recalled to Eton as an Assistant
Master. In this laborious and respon-
sibie ofiice his success was as remarkable
as nin^ht have ))een expected from the
fame of his University honours. To
have been a pupil of Mr. Goodall was in
itself a distinction sought for with eager-
iH>s, and remembered with pride and
Kniteful atFeetion. Nothing could exceed
the parental kindness with which he
Kainrd the n>gard of his pupils (not even
the depth and learning of the scholar),
which pointed him out as certain to suc-
ceed at a later period to the more im-
portant office of Head Master. To this
situation he was appointed on the resig-
nation of Dr. George Heath in 1801.
The rapid increase of the school proved
the high estimation in which he was held
by the true friends of Eton, and the im-
pression of admiration for his talents ai
instructor, and his kindness as a roaster,
is indelibly fixed in the minds of his nu-
merous surviving scholars. In 1806 be
bi'came Canon of Windsor by the recom-
mendation of the Marquess Wellesley;
and on the death of Dr. Davies he at-
tained the merited reward of his useful
labours, ))eing appointed to the Provost-
ship by the express desire of George the
Third, although Mr. Perceval (then
Prime Minister), from feelings of per-
sunal friendship, bad propoaed the name
Gknt. Mau. Vol. XuI.
of another individual to his Majesty. He
accepted the rectory of West Ilsley (net
value 537/.) from the Dean and Chapter
of Windsor in 1827.
In the office of Provost Dr. Goodall
has lived the object of respect and affec-
tion to all who had the happiness of
knowing him; his hospitable table has
ever been open to a large circle of the
Etonians, and to the nobility and gentry
of the two counties of Berks and Bucks.
His presence, and the sound of his voice
at the annual College festivals, and at the
Eton anniversary, will never be forgotten.
His fresh and Uvely wit and benevolent
cheerfulness gladdened every heart, and
he never seemed to receive so much plea-
sure as when he felt that he was com-
municating it to others. The abundance
of his charities probably exceeded those
of any individual possessed of means so
limited, and filling a situation so import-
ant. His hand was open to all, whether
the demands were public or private.
Until within a few days of his decease he
continued to enjoy the society of his
friends, though for some years his consti-
tution had become gradually decayed.
In his last illness he suffered for some
days ; but he passed away at last in the
full possession of his understanding, with
perfect calmness, in the place in which
he had lived a long series of years, and
where he was beloved and honoured in
the highest degree by all classes. There
is a portrait of Dr. Goodall by Mr. H.
E. Dawe, of which an engraving in mes-
zotinto is about to be published.
Sir Jeffey Wyatville, R.A.
Feb. 10. In Brook-street, Grosvenor-
squarc, in his 74th year. Sir Jeffry Wyat-
ville, Knt.,and Knt. of the Saxon Emet.
tine Order, a Royal Academician, ud
Fellow of the Royal and Autiquarian
Societies.
Sir Jeffry Wyatville was the son of
Joseph Wyatt, an architect resident at
Burton -upon. Trent, in the county of
Stafford, where he was bom on the 3lrd
of August, 1766. His father was consi.
dered clever, but indolent, and therefore
afforded but a poor example for a boy of
enthusiastic and enterprising spirit, such
as young Jeffry soon prov^ oimself to
possess. He received the common nidi-
rocnts of education at the free-school of
his native place ; and his early passion
was for the sea. During this time, be
was once " rigged out '* for a voyage with
Admiral Kempenfeldt, on boalrd the
Royal Geargie, out was fortunately pre-
vented from joining that noble ship, which
4 A
546
Obituary.— -Sir Jeffry WffoMXUn
[May,
was afterwards lost at Spithead. Home,
however, became not only irksome, but
painful to him, from the improvidence of
nis father ; and, in 1783, he made a third
and successful attempt to fly from both,
and seek his fortune in the metropolis ;
but could not obtain any engagement in
the naval service, as the American war
had then ceased.
Upon Jeffry*s arrival in London, he
found a friend and protector in Samuel
W^tt, his father's orother, then an ar-
chitect and builder of repute ; with whom
Jeffry continued more than seven years,
and thus acquired considerable knowledge
of the ordinary office business, and of
practical construction. Mr. S. Wyatt
was extensively employed, both in Lon-
don and at the seats of many noblemen
and gentlemen in the country, namely, at
Eaton Hall, Tatton Hall, the Trinity
House in London, &c. all of which were
execu^d from his designs; and, conse-
quently, afforded his nephew opportuni.
ties of witnessing all the processes of
designing, estimating, and executing build-
ings of various kinds. In the hope of
acauiring further professional knowledge,
and particularly with the view of culti-
vating that essential requisite in art, taste,
young Wjratt sought these advantages in
the offices of another uncle, Mr. James
Wyatt, who had attained a higher station
on the ladder of fame than bis brother.
He had passed some years of architectural
study in Italv, and, while yet a minor, he
designed and built " the Pantheon," in
Oxford-street, and was introduced to the
appointment of Surveyor- General of his
Majesty's works, bis first labours being
various alterations and additions at Wind-
sor Castle, at the suggestion of King
George III. In the office of Mr. James
Wyatt, his nephew served a second term
of apprenticeship ; and, besides improve-
ment in practice, thus obtained numerous
introductions to influential persons, among
whom was the Prince of Wales, who
honoured him with personal notice up to
1799. In this year, Mr. Jeffry Wyatt
joined in business an eminent builder,
who, had extensive government and other
contracts. In this profitable concern he
continued till 1824; when, after an ab-
sence of twenty-five years from rojral in-
tercourse, he unexpectedly received from
King George IV. instructions respecting
designs for the restoration of Windsor
Castle.
The union of the tradesman with the
architect was deemed, by the Royal Aca-
demicians, a sufficient bar to the advance-
ment of Mr. Jeffry Wyatt to be one of
their society ; and he was allowed to con-
tinue as a candidate for twenty years, be«
fore he was admitted a member. Dming
this period he made many detignt for
public and private buildings, which were
erected in different parts of the kingdom,
some of which manifested architectural
talents of a high order. He was, at
length, elected an Associate, and speedily
afterwards, one of the Royal Aaidemi*
cians. Among various designs which he
had exhibited at that nursery of the arts,
was one called " Priam's Palace,** which
attracted much admiration during the ex-
hibition. This, and his other architectu-
ral drawings, and executed buUdings, are
ample evidences of his devotion to his
profession.
One of the firet acts of the new Par-
liament, after the accession of George
IV., was the projection of great aUeia-
tions and improvements in the magnifioent
castle-palace at Windsor. For una pur.
pose it was agreed that the three attached
architects to tne Board of Works, Messrs.
Soane, Nash, and Smirke,with Mr. Jeffiry
Wyatt, should be directed to make plans,
drawings, and estimates. The sum of
£300,000 had been voted by Pailiament
towards the expenses of these improve-
ments, and a commission of eight noble-
men and gentlemen, memben of the ad-
ministration and of the opposition, were
appointed to advise as to the woria and
expenditure of the money. Among these
commissionere were the Eail of Aber-
deen, President of the Society of Anti-
quaries, and Sir Charles Long, (subse-
quently Lord Famborough^ both men of
refined taste in the higher departments of
art. In May, 1834, the respective aidii-
tects above named (with the exception of
Mr. Soane,) submitted their dnwinga \a
the commissionere, when the designs of
Mr. Jeffry Wyatt were approved of and
accepted. The commission's next visited
Windsor; the plan of operatioDS was
settled, and, on the 12th of August, 1894,
the birthday of Geoive IV., the fint
stone was laid by tiie &ing, it bri^g part
of the foundation of the new gatewi^ on
the southern side of the Great Quamn-
gle, and thenceforth named Gbom tiM
Fourth's Gateway. On this oceami ths
architect received the royal authority for
changing his name to Wyatville; not
merely as a personal compliment, but for
the purpose of distinguishing and aepenl-
ing the Wyatt of that reign ^m his
uncle, Mr. James Wyatt, whose share in
the architectural works at Windsor, dur-
ing the reign of George HI., has already
been mentioned. Fnrtbeimora, Oeolrge
ly. suggested and conferred an additional
armorifd quartering to the arddtect^ afms^
of a view of Geoige the Fooftb^gatmay,
with the word WmSaor^ as a moCto.
1840.]
Obituary.— Str* Jtffr^ Wyatville.
547
At the time that Mr. Wyatville com-
menced his imiiroveroentfl, in 1824, the
alterations and additions made in the Cob-
tle buildings, from the commencement of
tlio Tudor dynasty to the year 1824, were
not only inharmonious with the castel-
lated character of the older works, but
wtTo generally tasteless in design, and
slight and bad in execution. Hence the
fronts of the latter class were taken down,
when the whole of the main timbers were
found to be decayed. New floors and
ceilings, with new partition walls, were
necessary; and to improve the exterior
effect of the elevations, each wall was
raised several feet, and finished with bold
cnilmttled parapets. The angular and in.
tennediate towers were also augmented in
height, and each crowned with a macbico-
lated summit. The chimney -shafts were
formed into stone clusters, and made to
iussume the shapes of turrets. Around
the south and east sides of the interior of
the great quadrangle was erected a spa-
clous corridor, 650 feet in length, con-
nected with and forming grand and conre-
nient approaches to the chief suites of
apartments which belong to those parts of
the Castle.
The works proceeded with such ra-
pidity, (the architect devoting the whole
of his time to the vast undertmking,) that,
on the 9th December, 1828, the King's
private apartments were completed, and
his Majesty removed from his rural re-
treat, the Cottage in the Great Park, and
formally took possession of the Castle.
The next public act of the King was to
confer the honour of knighthood on his
architect, who, also, was permitted to
take up his residence in a commanding
tower, in the Middle Ward, at the west
end of the North Terrace.
The progress of the repairs was rather
expedited than staged by the King having
taken up his residence at the Castle.
The decayed and dangerous state of the
building had, however, occasioned an ex-
|>enditure much bevond the original esti-
mates ; indeed, at Midsummer, in 1830,
the cost appeared to have been near]/
doubled.
Application was, accordingly, made to
Parliament for further advances ; when,
opposition being raised in the House of
Commons, a committee was appointed
to investigate the Castle works, and the
probable amount of money requisite for
their completion. The committee, at
length, oroered works to be undertaken
to the estimated amount of 148,70(>/. to be
advanced at the rate of ^,000/. per an-
num. This grant was made exclusively
tor the architect's department, independ-
ent of the upboUccivr, decorator, and
other artisans. Since that time, much
has been done. The Elizabethan Gal-
lery has been finished, and fitted up as a
librarv; the Waterloo Gallery has been
completed, and adorned with portraits,
by Lawrence, of the principal monarchs,
statesmen, and generals of Europe ; the
old principal staircase has been removed,
so as to present an uninterrupted view
from the northern terrace, through the
superb yiie^ by means of opposite en-
trances, to the unrivalled Long Walk on
the south ; a noble staircase having been
elsewhere constructed, in which is placed
a colossal statue of George IV. 9 ft. 6
inch, high, by Chantrey. Lodges have
also been erected at the junction of the
Long Walk with the Home Park; and
several of the old state apartments, at the
north-west part of the upper court, have
been enlarged and substantiaUy repaired.
At the north-west angle of this court.
Sir Jeffry had designed a splendid chapel.
The heightening of the Keep, or Round
Tower, by some feet, is also an improve-
ment which adds pre-eminentlv to the
dignity of the ma^ficent pile. Voa
Kaumer, on his visit in 1833, found
Windsor far exceeding his expectations,
and making a greater impression on him
than all the other castles he had ever seen,
put together. This was high praise from
a native of Grermany, that region of ieu^
dal monuments.
Hitherto, there has been published no
fitting record of this grand national repair
of the proudest structure that Englaiid
possesses. King George IV. in true
princely state, commanded Sir JeiSry
Wyatville to publish an account of hu
great work; the missive, in the hand-
writing of the sovereign, is in the pos-
session of Sir Jeffry's executors, as is also
a confirmation of the command, frooi
Queen Victoria. Sir Jeffry had made
much progress in his task ; he having ex-
pended 3,00OA upon drawings and en-
gravings. In the Picturesque Annual,
the author reUtes, that Geoiige IV. pro-
posed to send a coppr of Sir Jeffrv's work
to every sovereign in Europe ; bat, with
the exception of this patronage. Sir
Jeffry, it is believed, although working at
the Koyal command, did not expect as-
sistance of any kind. On one occasion,
when surprise was expressed at such a
condition, Sir Jeffry replied, in the spirit
and pride of art; " The task is mine; I
am preparing my own monumenL'**
* We are informed that Mr. Weale baa
received instructions to publish thia
splendid work forthwith. It will be
edited by Henry Ashton, esq. to appear
in three parti, oo grand eij^ptpcc; pric«
548
Orituaby,— Str Jf^ry WyatvUle,
[May,
Whilst Windsor Castle is the ehtf-
tTeeuvreof Sir Jeffry Wyatville, he had
wholly built, or improved, many other
edifices in different parts of the kingdom.
He has left some of his works in thirty-
five out of the forty En^^lish counties,
and four out of the twelve Welsh. From
a list of above 100 of these buildings, the
following, with the names of their owners,
are appended to the memoir which ac-
companies his portrait in Fisher's Na-
tional Portrait Gallery : —
Badmington House, Gloucestershire,
Duke of Beaufort.
Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire, Duke
of Bedford. — Temple of the Graces.
At Endsleigh, Devonshire, Duke of
Bedford. — A spacious and commodious
seat, in the cottage style.
Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, Duke
of Devonshire. — Some magnificent new
buildings, also alterations and restorations
of the old mansion, in the Italian style.
These have just been completed.
Longleat House, Wiltshire. Marquess
of Bath. — New conservatory, stables,
offices, staircase, and alterations of the
hall, &c.
Ashridge, Hertfordshire, Earl of
Bridgewater. — The completion of the
house, begun by James Wyatt, R.A.;
the Bridgewater column in the park, and
lodges.
Bretby, Derbyshire, Earl of Chester-
field.— rarts of the house.
Gopsall, Staffordshire, Earl Howe. —
A new lodge, &c.
Bel ton House, Lincolnshire, Earl
Brownlow. — New green-house, and al-
terations to the mansion.
Wollaton Hall, Nottinghamshire, the
Lord Middleton. — Alterations to the in-
terior, and new lodges to that fine Italian
house.
Sidney College, Cambridge. — New
gate-house, and fronts to the whole col-
lege.
Besides the above, which are generally
called show places, Sir Jeffry has designed
and executed the following new houses : —
Lilleshall, Salop, Earl Gower.
Golden Grove, Caermarthenshire, Earl
of Cawdor.
Nonsuch Park, Surrey, Samuel Far-
mer, esq.
Dinton, Wilts, Wm. Windham, esq.
Denford, Berks, Wra. Hallett, esq.
2/. 12*. 6d a part, proofs 4/. 14». 6d. We
have been informed that it was the inten-
tion of Sir Jeffry to present to the British
Museum the original designs, signed and
approved, by George R., Wellington,
Aberdeen, Liverpool, C. Long, &c. toge-
ther with the detailed working dra>ving8.
Stubton, Line. Sir R. Heron, Bart.
Hillfield Lodge, Heref. the Hon. G.
Villiers.
Trebursye, Cornwall, the Hon. W.
Elliot.
Banner Cross, York, Gen. Murray.
Wimbom, Dorset, Wm. Castleman,
esq.
Claverton, Som. John Vivian, esq.
Hastings, Sussex, Comte de Vandes,
&c. &c.
By the introduction of Queen Ade-
laide, Sir Jeffry designed a castle at Al-
tenstein, for her brother the reigning
Duke of Saxe Meiningen ; as also a pa-
lace, with extensive stables, and a riding
house for Meiningen ; for which works
the Duke presented him the grand cross
of the Saxon Ernestine order, as a mark
of his approbation. In the summer of
last year he designed the staUes at Wind-
sor Castle. This design, though of the
utmost plainness, evinces the same strong
faculty for arrangement under difficult
circumstances, which characterised all his
former works. So late as November last,
he designed lodges for the Sheffield and
Derby . entrances to Chatsworth : the
latter of which is full of boldness and ori-
ginality, and as vigorous as any design he
ever produced, although his Unt work,
except an Alcove for the gardens, which
is as playful as the work of a younghand.
Sir Jeffry Wyatville was proud of the
Royal patronage which he enjoyed ; and
the Sovereign was alike proud of his fa-
vourite architect. As a compliment, a
portrait of him was painted by Sir Thomas
Lawrence, by command of Geoige IV.
and was placed in the royal cdllection at
Windsor Castle. It is considered to be,
altogether, an impressive likeness : there
is extraordinary quickness in the eye, and
the forehead is lofty, but wants breadth,
such as indicates superior intellect. Since
his death; Sir Francis Chantrey has re-
ceived command from her present Ma-
jesty to place Sir Jeffry's bust in die kmg
Gallery. We believe Sir Jeffij to Imve
been in no degree indebted for hu siltocess
to sycophancy ; for, although . " of die
court," he was not over courteous in man-
ner. The sort of consulting committee,
appointed by Parliament, under, the title
of Commissioners, enabled . Sir Jeffiiy,
then Mr. Wyatt, to maintain his opinions
on occasion in opposition to those of 'his
royal patron, who was by no nieani in-
clined to push a difference so fkr as to
hear mention made of the Court of Ap-
peal. This suited the humour of Sir
Jeffry, who was quite as resolute io liii
way — a veiy rough one— «8 his Aii^feetj.
An illustrative anecdote- wet carvoBt'rit
the time, which Ims aome phmriWiiy and
1840.] Obituary.— Sir Jif^rj^ WyatvUk.—T Daniell, E$q. 549
appearance of tnitb. When the King's
))rivate apartments were under considera-
tion, his Majesty was naturally somewhat
more peremptory than usual, especially as
to their relative proportions, and it is well
known that he did not like large rooms.
Wyatt's head, however, was full of a pa-
lace ; and when the King suggested what
he cunsidcred a proper size for bis dress-
ing' room, Wyatt protested that such a
nipboard was better suited to a country
curate than to his Majesty. The latter,
however, was peremptory on the subject,
and cut short all remonstrance with — ** It
shull be so.** The works went on — the
suite of apartments was finished and fur-
nished, when, in the exultation of the
moment, his Majesty good-humouredlv
reminded the architect of their former dif-
ference, and triumphantly referred to the
admirable adaptation of this {Nirticular
chamber. ** I am glad your Majesty ap-
proves of it," said the architect, ** for it is
exactly twice the size your Majesty di-
rected."
In private society Sir Jeffry Wvatville
wuH full of frank and goodnaturca anec-
dote, and though he hud the disadvantage
oMuw stature and inelegant personal form,
he won attention and esteem by his speak-
ing eye and by his sincere manner of
expressing himself. He possessed like-
wise the rare virtue of knowing him-
selt and his foibles, pretending to
nothing more, either of education or genius,
than he could fairly claim ; not pune-
proud or finical ; respectful in bebaTiour to,
but independent of, bis superiors, even the
most illustrious; and only proud, we should
think, with the proud. These sterling
qualities, no doubt, made him a beloved
viTViint of our two last kings, — we say be-
loved, l)ecausc he once related to us that
when shewing his plan for a royal chapel
and cemetery, which he had proposed to
build in the space between the Round
Tower and tbc north side of the Upper
Ward, Kin^ George the Fourth said that
he { Sir Jeffry) should •* come in too;*' that
even death should not disunite them. Sir
Jetfry, however, declined this last of ho-
nours, saying, like a fond father, that bis
prave hu(i already been prepared near that
of his deceased daughter, behind the altar of
St. (veorgc's Cha|)el. Sir Jeffry was also
n strictly conscientious, honest man; at
all timcN anxious tlwt the expense of bis
works should not exceed his estimates, and
as careful in the saving of a sixpence, as
he *aid, of the public money, as, from early
habits, he was of bis own ; never em-
ploying, or recommending for employment
by others, any of his own numerous re-
latives, ur workmen that could not work
with credit to him or cbemaelves.
lie languUbcd for tbc iMt five jnn
under a disease of the chest, which hat
visited him with violent attacks from time
to time, and fre<^uently endangered his
life. Still his mmd never gave way, or
was weakened by illness. He posseased
the same good sense, industry, and inde-
fatigable order in his art dunng his last
illness, as at any former period of his ca-
reer— which was markeid by simplicity
and integrity, as was his death by perfect
cheerfulness and resignation. His last
days were a dignified lesson to the old, as
his well -spent life had been a model of
usefulness to the young.
The body of Sir Jeffry Wyatville was
interred in St George's Chapel, Wind-
sor, on the 25th Feb. having arrived at
the Winchester or Wyatville Tower on
the preceding evening : it was deposited
in a vault in the east aisle of the Chapel,
just behind the altar; which Sir Jeffry
had prepared some years since, for the
reception of the remains of his daughter,
Augusta Sophia, who died Oct. 14, 1825,
aged 24, in consequence of a cold, taken
during her attendance at the ceremony of
la^g the foundation stone of the Bruns-
wick Tower. The service was read by
Sir Jeffry's old friend, Dr. Goodall, Pro-
vost of Eton (since himself past to the
tomb), assisted by the Rev. Messrs. Can-
ning, Knevett, and Charopneys. Mr.
Armstrong (one of Sir Jemy*% most in-
timate friends) walked in front of the
corpse, and then followed, as mourners,
Mr. Knapp, sen. Mr. Knapp, jun. Mr,
C. Knapp, Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A.
Mr. Jones, R.A. and Mr. Henston.
Thomas Danikll, Esq. R.A.
March 19. At EarPs Terrace, Ken.
sington, at the advanced age of 91, Tho-
mas Daniell, esq. R.A. F.R.S. F.S.A.
and F.R.A.S.
He served his time to a herald painter ;
but soon released himself from the tram-
mels placed upon his mind by so mecha-
nical a defiartment of art, and became *
student of the Royal Academy, devoting
himself to the studv of landscape, in
which he made rapid progress. At the
age of thirtv-five, he vojraged to India,
accompanied by his nephew, the lata
William Daiiiell, R.A. They were
absent from England about ten yean,
pursuing their profession, with profit
and advantage, in the East, and gathering
stores in a land, then comparatively unex-
plored by the artist, with which they were
destined to gratify the world when they
returned to their own country. At Cal-
cutta they published a series of viewe of
that city ; and, on their revisiting Eng-
land, commenced the folio work entitM
•« Unental Scenerji'*!!! lis rolumct; tb«
550
OpiTUABT.— if. PnVMt.
[May,
whole of which, however, with the ex-
ception of the volume of ** Excavations,**
was executed by Mr. William Daniell.
Mr. Thomas Daniell seldom painted
any except Eastern subjects ; but some
iiictures of the house and grounds of the
ate Sir Charles Cockerell, of Sesincote,
in Gloucestershire, formed an exception
to his general rule. After the comple-
tion of the large Indian work, he appeared
before the public only in his productions
annually exhibited at Somerset House;
but to which he had not contributed for
many years prior to his death. On his
original drawings he set so high a value
that he never would part with any of
them, although on his return from India
they were eagerly sought for by many per-
sons of rank and wealth. He might have
formed an extensive circle of friends;
but as he had obtained (chiefly, we have
reason to believe, by his nephew's exer-
tions) a competency, he preferred a re-
tired life. He was never married, and
we understand, has left the whole of his
property to a niece, who had long re-
aided with him.
M. PREvorr.
The Marquess of Northampton, in his
late anniversarv address to the Royal
Society, gave the following biographical
sketch of M. Prevost, who was a Foreign
Member of the Society, and whose con-
nexion with English literature forms a de-
cided claim upon our notice.
Pierre Prevost was bom in 1751, and
was originaUy destined to follow the pro-
fession of his father, who was one of the
pastors of Geneva : at the age of twenty,
however, he abandoned the studv of the-
ology for ^at of law, the steady pursuit
of which, in time, gave way to his ardent
passion for literature and philosophy : at
the age of twenty-two, he became private
tutor in a Dutch family, and afterwards
accepted a similar situation in the family
of M. Delessert, first at Lyons, and after-
wards at Paris. It was in this latter city
that he commenced the publication of his
translation of Euripides, beginning with
the tragedy of Orestes; a work which
made him advantageously known to some
of the leading men in tnat great metro-
polis of literature, and led to his appoint-
ment, in 1780, to the professorship of
philosophy in the College of Nobles, and
also to a place in the Academy of Berlin,
on the invitation of Frederick the Great.
Being thus established in a position where
the cultivation of literature and philoso-
phy became as much a professional duty
as the natural accomplisnment of his own
wishes and tastes, he commenced a life of
more than ordinary liteiary activity uid
prodoctivenets. In the coune of the four
years which he passed at Berlin, he pub-
lished Obtfrvationt mr lea mithod^ ms-
plojfiei pour enaeigner la moralts tur la
theoriedei gaifu/ortuiti t 9ur lemouve-
meni pro$reu\f du centre de grmti de
tout le egetSme eolairet eur Vorigme dee
viietaee projectile* s eur Vieomomie dee
aneietu gouvemememte ; eur PHiat deeji-
naueee d*Angleterret and he also com-
{>leted the three first volumes of hie trans-
ation of £ uripides. There were, in fitct,
few departments of literature or philoao-
phy which were not comprehended in the
extensive range of his studies and pnblioa-
tions. In the year 1784, he zetumed to
Geneva to attend the death-bed of hia
father, when he was induced to accept the
chair of belles lettres in the Univentty,
an appointment which he found on tngl
little suited to his taste, and which be
shortly afterwards resigned. For tome
years after this period, be was compelled,
more by circumstances than l^ inclination, '
to partake largely in those pc^tical dia-
cussions, which, for some years, agitated
his native city, and which aftenrardt,
resumed upon a wider theatre, shook to
its centre the whole framework of Euro-
pean society; but he gradually withdrew
nimself from political life on his iq[>point-
ment to the coair of natural philoaophy in
1792, and devoted himself ftom tnence-
forth, with renewed activity and ardoor,
to pursuits which were more congenial to
his tastes. In 1790 M. Prevost pub-
lished his Mhnoire eur P4fuilikr9 dufm^
and in the following year nis BSekmrekm
eur la ehaleur : these important memoifs
were followed by many outers on the same
subject in various scientific jonmalai and
the general results of all his reaeaicbet
and discoveries were exhibited, in a sys-
tematic form, in his wdl-lmown work
Sur le cahrique rayonnani, which wia
published in 1809, and in which he fully
developed his Theory of Bgehamgaif and
was enabled to give a consistent yfphwr
tion of the principal facts which were at
that time known respecting the natura
and propagation of heat. It would be
iinpossible, in the very short eompait
within which this notice ia nrrrwnrllj
confined, to enumerate even a amall part
of the publications of an author wrae
pursuits were so various and whose labonn
were so unremitting. He contributed
papers to our Transactions ia 1797 and
1803 ; the first containing an ^"p^nation
of some optical eiqpeiiments of Lofd
Brougham, and the second, some remarka
on heat and on the action of bodies whioh
intercept it, with reference to a paper bv
Dr. Herschel; and in 1806, be tooiM
oneof theforeiga memben of ov bod|y.
1840.]
Obituart.«— if. PrevoBt,
551
In 1799 he obtained tbe first aeemit for
an essay Sur Vinjluenee d9t tianu rtla*
tiventent tH la formatUm det idutf which
was written for a prixe, adjudged to the
celebrated Degerando, propoaed by the
Institute of P'rance : and he was shortly
afterwards elected a corresponding mem-
ber uf that body. His Euaii depkiiosO'
phie, et itudet de Vtnrit huimaint ap-
peared in 1801, to which were appended
some very remarkable Essays of his friend
and ancient preceptor Le Sage, of whom
he published a most interesting life in the
following year. He likewise published,
in very rapid succession, translations of
the Rhetoric of Blair, the Essa^ and
])osthumou8 works of Adam Smith, the
Elements of Philosophy of Dugald
Stewart, the Essay on Population of
Malthus, Salt's Travels in Abyssinia, tbe
Conversations on Political Economy, by
his wife's sister-in-law, Mrs. Marcet,and
many other works of leM importance and
interest. In 1823, at the age of 78,
though still vigorous and active both in
l>odyand mind, he resigned the profes-
sorship of natural philosophy, in wise an-
tiri nation of the approach of that period
of life when men naturally feel reluctant
to acknowledge the decline of their faeul-
ties, or incompetent to perceive it. From
this time, though still consulted by his
(*olleague<t and fellow-citixens on every
important subject connected with the
Academy or the State, he retired into the
lM>som of his family, which contained
within itself, in a very uncommon degree,
(>very clement of tranquillity, contentment,
and happiness. His own temper was
singularly eciuable and tranquil; and his
tastes and pursuits, which rarely left his
rime unoccupied, saved him from that
t^rdium vittf which sometimes renders old
ag(> <|uerulous and discontented. Thus
happily disposed and happily cirenm.
stanced, it is not wonderful that his life
should have been prolonged beyond the or-
dinary limits of humanity. He died on the
hth of April, 1KI9, in tbe88ch year of hia
age, surrounded by his family, and deeply
regretted by all who knew him. The pni-
losophical character of M. Prevost bad
been greatly influenced by that ol hia
master Le Sage, a man of great originality
and profundity of thought, but whose
siMrculationn, particuUrly those which at-
tempted the explanation of the cause of
gravity, trespassed somewhat bevond the
pro|)er limiu of pbiloaophv. We conse-
fjucntly find him disposed to explain the
laws of the propagation of beat and light
<in the most simple mechanical prindplea,
and to trace their origin and progress
much further than the experiments or facta
will properly wvimt ; thus gifing to U*
conclusions, in many cases, a much more
hypothetical character than would other-
wise have attached to them. M. Pretoat
had little acquaintance with the more re-
fined resources of modem analysis ; and
his researches on many important branches
of experimental and philosophical inquiry
were consequently limited to reaaoniogi
which could be carried on by the most
simple algebraical or geometrical pro-
cesses. ]But, notwithstanding the re-
strictions which were thus imposed on hia
progress, the range of his piiilosophical
researches waa unusually extensive and
various, and his discoveries on heat must
always be considered as constituting «
most important epoch in a brandi of
science which has recently received ao
extraordinary a developement in the hands
of Fourier, Forbes, Mellonl, and other
philoaophera.
DEATHS.
LONDON AND ITS VICINrrY.
March 18. At the reaidence of her
daughter Mrs. M'Culloch, at Kensingtoiw
Louisa- Sarah- Anne, widow of Wifiism
White, esq. formeriv of Salisbury.
Robert Bayer Patch, esq. M.A. lata
FeUow of Wadham College, Oxfoid,
eldest son of the late Robert Patch, esq.
of Exeter. He took the dwreeof M.A*
Dec. 2, 1813.
March 20. In Upper Grosvenor-st*
in her 82d year, Catharine-Louisa Ship,
ley, fifth daughter of the kte Right Rey*
Jonathan Shipley, Bishop of St. Asaph.
March 21. At Percy-st. Bedford^sq.
aged 85, William Newton, esq.
March 22. At Kenaington, i^ 48,
Harrison Gordon Codd, eso. one of ths
nuigistrates of the Mai7leDone PoUes
Court, a deputy lord lieutenant of the
county of MiddJeaex, and equerry to his
Royal Highness the Duks of Susses.
Mr. Codd was the eldest son of the hUis
Major Codd, of Kensington, and Rumssj
Court, Kent, and for many years held s
situation in the War^office, at the Horsfl
Guards. Some vcars since he was ap-
pointed one of the commissioners to in-
quire into the operation of the then exist-
ing poor laws ; and from the abilities he
displayed in tbe course of the inquiry, and
the strict attention he paid to his magiste-
rial duties as chairman of the Kensiogton
bench of local magistrates, he was sp.
pointed, about two years since, by Lotd
John RossellfOne of the mai^strstes of
Worship-street Polioe-offiee. Mid in Au-
gust last, after the passing ot the Metro-
polis Police Couru Act, Mr. Codd was
Obituary.
[May,
treiiRforred to the Marylebone Police
Court.
At Pentonville, liged OR, Jamea Cul-
verwell, esq.
March 23. Aged 59, Henrietta-Caro-
lina, wife of W. K. Jenkins, esq. of Not-
tingham -place.
In his G9th year, George Lc fiouteU
lier, CM. of Bow.
At Kensington, Helen Hutchins, wife
of Harrington Tristram, esq. only dau.of
the late Major- Gen. John Bellasis, Com-
mander of the Forces at Bombay ; and
grand -daughter of the Rev. John Hutchins,
the iiistorian of Dorsetshire.
March 2^. At John -St. Bedford-row,
J. King, esq.
At Paddington-grecn, aged 28, Wil-
liam James Benjamin Hall, of Brynte-
rion, near Cardigan, esq.
March 25. Aged 2«'i, Marianne, wife
of the Rev. G. Weight, Curate of St.
George the Martyr, Southwark, eldest
daughter of the late Rev. H. L. Mansell,
Rector of Cosgrove, Northamptonshire.
At the residence of J. Stratford Best,
esq. Wilton-crescent, Anne, widow of
Captain Halliday, R.N.
In Chesham-place, aged 85, Lady Mary
Hussey, widow of Thomas Hussey, of
Galtrim, co. Meath, esq. and aunt to the
£arl of Orford. She was the last surviv-
ing daughter of Horatio Earl of Orford,
by Lady Rachael Cavendish, youngest
daughter of William third Duke of De-
vonshire, and was married in 1777.
March 26. John Brown, esq. of Dor-
set-place, Regent*8-park.
At Torrington-square, aged 79, Mrs.
General Rayne.
At Great James-st. Bedford-row, aged
29, Emma, wife of G. F. Shipster, esq.
She was buried at the Highgate Ceme-
tery.
Isabella, widow of Major- Gen. Barrow.
March 27. In Nottingham-place,
Frances, wife of Sir Edward Hamilton,
Bart. Trebinshum House, Brecon. She
was a dau. of James Macnamara, of
Llangoed, co. Brecon, esq. was married
in 1^)4, and has left two sons and two
daughters.
Aged 75, Thomas Hunter, esq. of
Theresa-terrace, Hammersmith.
March 28. At Davies-street, aged 65,
John Barrow, esq.
C. B. Palmer, esq. late of Calcutta,
aged 40.
In Doughty-street, aged 85, Mrs. Jane
Mitchell.
Mr. Robert Chipchase, aged 80, one of
the brethren of the Charter House, much
respected by all who knew him. He
was a native of the city of Durham, and
formerly a merchant in London. The
13
Duke of Wellington presented him to
the Charter House in 1829.
March 29. Aged 23, Mr. Edward
Harraden, medical student in the London
University, and second son of Mr. R. B.
Harraden, of Cambridge.
In Montagu-pl., Henrietta, eldest dau.
of the late Mr. Justice Guselee.
In Manchester-st. Sarah- Amelia Stew-
art, sister of the late J. H. Stewart, esq.
of the Grange, South Ockendon, Essex.
March 30. Aged 50, Sarah, wife of
William Fox, esq. of Chester-terracey
Regent*B-park, and sister to Guy Thom-
son, esq. banker, Oxford.
In Cadogan-place, by his own hand,
aged 52, Captain Ellers Pameil Hop-
kins, late of the 4th foot. He was com-
pletely blind, but could find his way about
the house, and always shaved himself.
At a coroner*s inquest, Mijor L. M.
Bennett, 64th foot, said, he had known
the deceased from 1806^ and had never
noticed any thing insane in his manner
until the evening before his death, when
he was in a strong fit of hysterics, which
lasted during a few minutes. All the
time deceased appeared violently excited,
and with uplifted arms he frequently ex-
claimed, *< My mother, my mother ! She,
is burning — save her, save her ! ** About
five years ago deceased's mother was
burned to death in her bed-room, whilst
deceased was in the house, unable to save
her on account of his blindness.
March 31. In Gloucester-placei the
Right Hon. Sarah Lady Thurlow. She
was the only daughter of Peter Hodg-
son, esq. was married to Lord Thurlow
in Nov. 1836, and leaves issue two sons.
Lately, At Kensington, in her 70th
year, Frances Elizabeth Selwyn, young-
est daughter of the late W. Selwm esq.
K.C.
At Coward college, Torrington-sq.
aged 58, the Rev. Thomas Mo^, late
Theological tutor of the ooUflj^, well
known by his useful contributions to edu-
cational literature.
April 1. At Kensington, Catharine,
youngest daughter of the late J. W.
Skyrme,' esq. and grand-niece of the late
Sir John Woolmore, E1.C.H.
April 2. At Islington, Maiy, wife of
George Watkinson, youngest dMi. of the
late Capt. Richard DorriU, R.N.
In Burton-crescent, Anne^ eld. dangb-
ter of tho'late Daniel Mellan, esq.
April 4. At Old Brompton, and 7S,
Mrs. Frances Louisa Grimth, reliet of
the Rev. John Griffith, JId. A. Fellow
of Christ Church. Manchester, a de-
pendant of the odebmted Evelyn, the
author of ''Sylva."
In Alfred-place, Bedford-iq. in lier
J 840]
Ojiituaht.
553
SOtli year, the relict of Cht<. Neviiwon,
(>«{. urily ($i<jiter of the late Kev. H. K.
IJoniify, lliTtor of King's Cliffe, near
Stumford, and uuiit to the Archdeacons of
])i>dturd and Leicester.
At Hays water, aged 6(), Miss Tracy,
late of Storinont House, Kensington.
/tjjiiHi. Aged Sj, *Mr. Richard Le
Keiix, a mathematical Jnstrument maker
and chart-sellcr, who had resided in High-
street, Wappin^', for the last lifty years,
nnd had amasned wealth to the amount of
upwards of 100,000/. sterling : being
noted for hU eccentricities and his penu-
rious habits. He was of French extrac-
tion, and educated in Christ's Hospital,
to witich institution it is said he has left
tiie great bulk of his fortune.
April 7. At Peckham, aged 78,
Wni. i'rv, esq.
At liampstead, aged 45, Mr. WiU
lium Heath, artist.
At Highgate, aged 77, Elizabeth, re-
lict of J. F. Throckmorton, esq.
April H. At Blackheath, aged 70,
Ann, widow of II. Woodmass, esq. ot'
Montagu-sq.
In Kuston-square, at the house of her
son-in-law Mr. James, aged 79, Charlotte,
relict of the Rev. Kdvr. Lewis, formerly
UcrtdF of Newtown, Montgomeryshire.
April \K At Kensington, in her 87th
year, Klizabeth Wallace, relict of the late
n. W. (iould, esq.of Ikentfurd-butts.
April 10. At Cadopin-phice, aged 81,
.Inrob Henry Franks, esq. of Misterton
Hrill, Ijeic.
April II. At Clapton, aged fio, John
MnHdox. e«|.
At Nlington, aged 6I>, Matthew Percy
l>o\v, c«jq.
Klt/.alN>th, wife of W. H. Ashpitel,
eoq. of Claptoii.s«{.
At Stanhope-st. aged .'JO, KUen, wife
of the \{a'v. J. S. Hoone, M.A. late Stu-
dent of Christ Church.
April 1^. At Eaton-sfjuare, in his
7.>th year, Jeremiah Harman, esq.
riic lion, 'i'homaa Annidell, infant
son of Lord and lindy Arundell.
April IV. In Prince*s.st. Hanover-
«q. Mary Charlotte, wife of Kindlay An-
derM)ii, esq. Madras Civil Service, second
dau.of the lute Colonel C. M. Edwards,
and niece to the Ountessof Lindsey, and
tlic Kev. B. V. lAiynu).
At Titciifu'ld-terrare, Portland Town,
Harriet Farrrr, widow of Major- (ren. J.
.M. Hudden, K. Art., eldest dau. of the
late D. F. Hillcrsden, esq.
April Ij. In Ilegent-st. Elizabeth,
wifrot J. H. (ilcdstanes, esq.
In Ilarli'v-street, aged 81, Ann dow-
ager Lady liodncy, mother of Lord Rod-
df'v. and sister to the dowager Countess of
GiNT. Mao. Vol.. XIII.
Kinnoull. She was the second daughter
of the late Right Hon. Thomas Harley,
son of Edward third Earl of Oxford, and
alderman of the city of London, by AnR,
dau. of Edward Uangham, esq. In AprU^
1781, her ladyship married the late Lord
Ilodney, by whom her ladyship had a fti-
mily of fourteen children, five of wbooi
survive her ladyship.
Mary, wife of James Toplis, esq., of
New Bridge-st. and St. Paol's Cboreh.
yard.
April 17. At Islington, aged 61, Eli.
zabcth, relict of Jams Whalley, eeq^ of
Gloucester.
April 18. In RegeiH-sC Satab, ee-
eond and last surviving dau. of the late
James Pearcc, esq. of Lydbrook, Glooe.
April 19. At Tavistoek-sq. wg^
(M7, John Bowden, esq. of Ednaeten
Lodge, Derby.
j1pril%\. In Great Russell-st. BkKMM-
bury, in her 93d year, Sophia, reUct of
Mr. Whitbread, of St. Alban's.
yipril ti. Aged 40, Arnie, mft of
John WarburtOD, M. D. of Gli£rord.«t.
Bond-street.
BjtDFoaD. — March 96. At Bedford,
aged 24, Caroline Frances, youngest dw .
of the Ute Capt. Danger, 1 1th foot.
lately. At Bedford, aged 88, ThooMa
Kidman, esq.
BEaKS. — Aprii 5. At Hones-green,
near Wokingham, Med tt2, Stfah, r^et
of the Ilev. G. K. Whalley, of Trio.
Coll. Camb.
Marek tl, Martha, wife of the Iter.
Dr. Williams, Vicar of Bocklebury.
Hl'ckh.— itf^n'i 10. In her 77th year,
Martha, wife of the Re?. John Haggitt,
Curate of Denham.
Cambbidgf.~4^i/4. At Cambridge,
aged 8^, accidentally, in endeavouring to
save a fellow-coUeglan from drownSay,
Temple Frere, esq. of THnity College,
cHest son of the Rev. Temple Frete,
Hector of Rordon, in the county of Kor-
folk, and Prcbendanr of Westminster, and
nephew to the late Dr. Frere, Master of
Downing College. The deceased waa
educated at Eton, and was an excelfent
swimmer. Most probably death ensued
almost instantaneously from apoplexy,
caufffd by the sudden immersion in the
water. Hy a singular and melancholy co-
incidence, it is little more than a year
since a younger brother of the deceased
lost his life in an attempt to save that of
a fellow -scholar when the school and vi-
.rarage of Warfield, Berkshire, was de-
stroyed by fire.
Ffb, 28. At Cambridge, aged 93, Mr.
Samuel Francis, an Alderman of the old
Corporation. He senred the office of
4 B
r>s4
Obituary.
Mayor four tlmefi, viz. 1796, 17fX), 1792,
Mid 17»k
CiiKBiiiRE.— 3farcA21. At Parkff&te,
Anne, relict of the Rev. Oswald Head,
Vicar of ChoUerton, Northumberland.
Cornwall. — Aprils, At Falmouth,
aged 20, Henry, third son of the late
James Mill, esq. author of the History
of British India.
At Penzance, aged 77, A. Scobcll, esq.
CcMBEiiLAND. — March 14. Aged 13
months, Emily, youngest dau. of the Rev.
C. £. Dukinfield, Vicar of Edenhall and
Longwathby.
Devon. — March 8. At Plymouth,
aged 74, Benjamin Couch, esq. late tim-
ber and store receiver in her Majesty*s
dock-yard, Devonport.
March 12. In a fire at Elliott's
Royal Hotel, Devonport, aged 74,
Major John Doidge Homdon, late of the
Cornwall militia. He was a brother of
the late Col. Homdon of St. Dominick,
near Callington, and of the Rev. D.
Homdon, of Bicton, Devon. He accom.
panied the 4th Foot in the Duke of
York's expedition to Holland, and was
severely wounded.
March 14. At his grandfather's, the
rectory, Bradninch, aged 18, John-
Charleton- Tanner, eldest son of the late
J. C. Yeatman, esq. of Garstons, Frome.
March 20. At Exmouth, in his 75th
year. Colonel Pell, late of Tiverton, a
magistrate for the county, and a brother
of the late Serjeant Pell.
March 2l. At Torquay, aged 40,
Martha, wife of the Rev. Henrv Venn,
of Holloway, sister to Joseph Sykes, esq.
of Kirkella.
March 25. At Primley Hill, Eliza-
beth, wife of Thomas D. Belfield, esq.
of Parson's Green, Middlesex.
March 26. At Torquay, Augusta,
fifth and youngest dau. of the late Dr.
Winterbottom, of Newbury, Berks.
March 29. At Exmouth, aged 70,
Colonel Adolphus Hinuber.
At Stoke, aged 26, Eliza Frances,
eldest dau. of the late Major. Gen. Geo.
Mackie, C.B. Govemor of St. Lucia.
^pril 9. At Torquay, aged 15, Eliza
Jane Devereux, eldest child of Sir W.
S. R. Cockburn, Bart.
April 10. At Stonehouse, aged 73,
George Mottley, esq. late agent of the
Royal Naval Hospital at Haslar.
Dorset.— 3farcA 6. At Charmouth,
SoDhia, eldest dau. of the late Major
Ballmer, of Lymington.
March 26. At Lytchett House, aged
92, Mrs. Elizabeth Trenchard, sister of
the late Wm. Trenchard, esq. and last
survivor of the ancient family of Trench-
ard, of Wolveton House, near Dorchester.
CMay,
Lately. Mary Anne, wife of the Rev.
James Hargraves, of Morcomblake, near
Charmouth.
Essex. — March 19. At Layer Marney
rectory, aged 78, Susannah, relict of
Colonel Kelso, of Dankeith, Ayrshire.
March 20. At Ardleigh, Elizabeth,
relict of Major- Gen. Borthwicky R. Art.
eldest dau. of the late Rev. T. Warbur.
ton. Archdeacon of Norfolk.
March 22. Suddenly, whilst attend-
ing divine service in Chelmsford church,
aged 62, Mary, widow of Mr. Meggy,
sen.
March 29. At Newton-hall, near
Great Dunmow, at an advanceid age,
Mary, relict of Major- Gen. Sir Bridges
T. Henniker, Bart. She was the eldest
dau. of Wm. Press, esq. was married in
1791, and left a widow in 1816, having
had issue the late and present BEm)net8,
and one daughter, Mrs. Wythe.
At Pulham Hall, Essex, at an ad-
vanced age, the relict of Sir Freeman
Barton, who was knighted by King
George III.
April 1. At Albyns, aged 61, John
Rutnerforth Abdy, esq.
April \l. Elizabeth, relict of Joseph
Knight, esq. of Saffron Walden, and for-
merly of Fulham.
April 19. At Southend, Samnel Shaw,
esq. formerly of Lloyd's, and Brunswick-
square.
At Plaistow, aged 43, G. Turner, esq.
Gloucester. — March 14. Aged 68,
Elizabeth, widow of Thomai Bliss,
esq. banker, of Bristol.
March 15. At Bristol, in his 70th
year, Edw. Stephens, esq.
March 18. By falling throDgfa a timp
in the stage of the Bristol theatre, daring
the rehearsal of an opera of Us own com-
position, entitled '' Lundy,** Mr. Corne-
lius Brvan, the Organist of St. Mary
Redcliff, and also of the Mbyot'b Chaf»ef.
He stood in the first rank of the Musical
Professors of Bristol, and was a man of
mild and unassuming manners.
March 21. At Cheltenham, aged 87,
Mr. Robert Harvey Place, of Lynwood,
Upper Canada, fourth son of the late
Rev. John Conyers Pkce, of Mumhull,
Dorset.
At Prestbury, aged 51, Mrs. Mary
Bradbury, mother of the ReT. Leonard
Bradbury, Perp. Curate of Tong, Salop.
Aged 89, John Baker, esq. of iron Ac-
ton, formerly of Bristol, one of the Society
of Friends.
March 22. At Clifton, aged 93, Martha,
relict of Thomas Hopkini, esq. of Tjn»
rheal, near Neath.
March 27. At Clifton, aged 41, EH-
zabeth Anne, widow of Maior R» fi.
Orde, R.A.
1840.]
Obituary.
^55
March 31 . At Bristol , aged id, Myles
Ariel, esq.
At Bristol, aged 64<, John Bush, esq.
Lately, At Cheltenham, aged 74^
Elizabeth, relict of Richard Clement, esq.
April 1. Marv, widow of Capt. Wil-
liam Reynolds, R.N.
At Clifton, aged 78, Rachel, relict of
Richard Robinson, esq.
At Clifton, in her 72nd year, Dinah,
wife of William S. Jacques, esq.
April 4-. At the rectory, Burton-on-
the-Hill, in her 65th year, the wife of the
Rev. Dr. S. W. Wameford, dau. of Ed-
ward Loveden Loveden, esq. of Buscot
Park, Berks. By the meek endurance of
protracted illness, and the exemplary dis-
charge of the duties of piety and benevo-
lence, she practically applied the precepts
other faith, and by the evidence of an
union of forty-four years' duration, she
proved that between herself and the pious
and philanthropic Dr. Wameford there
wa8 n community of principles, feelings,
and affections.
April 6. At Berkeley, at an advanced
ago, the mother of W. J. Ellis, esq.
Coroner for the county.
April 7. Aged 75, Abraham Bagnell,
esq. M.D. the oldest Phjrsician in Bristol,
— a man of considerable literary attain-
ments.
April 12. At Cheltenham, aged 82,
James Clutterbuck, esq. a deputy lieu-
tenant, and one of the oldest magistrates
for Gloucestershire.
Hants. — March 25. Anne, widow of
N. A. Halliday, esq. youngest dauffhter
of the Rev. Henry White, formerly Rec-
tor of Tryfield.
March 2^. Aged 88, at Fareham,
Hants, the widow of Adm. Prescott.
March 29. At Winchester School,
llii^li R. F. Honrc, only son of Capt.
Riehard Hoare, R.N. and grandson of
Sir H. Hugh Hoare, Bart.
April 2. At Portsea, aged 72, David
Spieer, esci. a magistrate and alderman of
Porthmouth.
April 6. At Ridgway, near South-
anipton, aged 18, Mary, wife of the Rev.
John Fowler, Rector of Rampton,Camb.
April 8. At Portsea, Mary Jane, wife
of (apt. W. S. Griffiths, of Wclbeck-it.
April 9. At Portsmouth, aged 80,
Colin (^mubell, eldest son of the late
Capt. R. Heslop, (iOth Rifles, and grand-
bon of Jacob Owen, esq. of Dublin.
.Ipril 10. At OslMrne House, near
Hyde, aged 26, Fitzroy Blachford, esq.
nrphew of the Dnku of Gnifton ; being
the son and heir of the Utc Barriiigtoti
Pope Blachford, e»u. who died in 1816,
by I>ady Inabella Fits Roy. He was
uiatncuUted a Commoner of BnMenose
College, Oxford, in 1832 ; proceeded
B.A. 1896; and M.A. 1839.
April 13. At Fairy Hill, near St.
Helen's, Susan, widow of the Rev. Wm.
Glynn, sister to Sir William Oglander,
Bart, of Nunwell House.
ApHl \5, At Ryde, aged 33, the Hon.
Caroline, wife of Heniy Every, esq. (ton
of Sir Henry Every, Bart.) and second
daughter of Viscount Ashbrook. She
was married in 1829, and was Mr.
Everjr's second wife.
Herts. — March 31. At Boxmoor,
aged 29, Charlotte, wife of the Rev. F.
W. Gotch. B.A.
Anril 11. At Bushey Heath, in hii
83rd year, Charles Lawrance, esq. for-
merly of Oxford.
KENT.—AfaycA 19. At Sevenoaks,
aged 85, Martha, relict of J. Curteis, esq.
of Tenterden, and fourth dau. of the late
Rev. T. Curteis, D.D. Prebendary of
Canterbury, and Rector and Vicar of
Sevenoaks.
March 25. At Charlton, Sarah, re-
lict of Charles Whalley, esq.
March 26. At Canterbury, aged 85,
Thomas Foord, esq.
Lately, At Folkstone, aged 90, T.
Baker, esq.
April 1. At Forest- hilU Sydenham,
the relict of John Williams, esq. of Jer-
myn-st.
April 12. At Margate, aged 42, Wil-
liam Frith, esq.
April 15. Aged 86, Mrs. Raddiffe,
widow of the IWv. Dr. Radcliffe, Arch-
deacon of Canterbury.
Avril 16. At Tunbridffe Wells, aged
83, Mrs. Anna Catharina Poole.
Lancashire. — March 5. Aged 90,
Anna Parker, wife of T. J. Parker, eiq.
son of Colonel Parker, of Lancaster,
drowned, with Eliza Kirkby, daughter of
Mr. B. Kirkby, shoemaker, of Ulverston,
on Ulverston Sands.
Lately, At Liverpool, La Petite
Ducrow, an interesting little girl, niece
to Mr. Ducrow. She died from injuries
received in the latter end of January,
while sitting near a fire in a room m-
joining the Amphitheatre, where, fatigued
after her exertions, she fell asleep, and a
spark or cinder caught her clothes.
April 4. At Chaddock Hall, aged 86,
Elizabeth, relict of the Rev. D. Biritett,
Vicar of Leigh, Lane.
April 14. At Eton House, near Li*
vcrpool, aged 80, Mary, the widow of
Dr. Crompton.
April 21. At Liverpool, aged 78,
John Stewart, es<|.
Lmckhtkr. — March Ik Aged 57,
Anne, wife of the Rev. Robert Marriott,
Rector of CotvtbMOi.
659
OsiTUABT*
IM^
LiHcoLN. — March 21. At Crowle,
aged 75, th« relict of the Eev. Jobn
Harrison, of Altborpe.
Afareh 30. At Bourne, aged 60, Au-
guatus Plincke, ecq.
April 16. At Stamford, aged 49, Mr,
Rooert Jobnsoii, pubUaber of the Lin-
colDebire Cbroniele.
MiDDLSSEX. — March 26, At SnialU
benry-green, Hounslow, aged 60, Ricbard
Hope, esq.
April 2. Aged 80, Abraham Wil-
kiiwon, M.D. of White Webba Park,
Enfield.
April 4. At Sunbury, aged 65, Mra .
PembertoD, late of Gough House, Cbel-
April 14<. At Hanwell, aged 33^ Marv,
wife of the Rev. J. Emerton, M.A.
Principal of Hanwell Collegiate School,
eldest dau. of Mr. Beiij. Kent, of Rad-
ley UaU.
April 16. At East Acton, Thomas
Young, esq.
MoNUOuTH. — Lately, At Wolves-
newton, ag^ 73, Suiannah, wife of
Fras. Davis, esq. and last surviving
daughter of the late Wm. Jenkins, esq.
of Trostra, Dep. Lieut, for this county.
Norfolk. — March 23. In her 90th
year, Margaret, relict of the Rev. Tho-
mas Bond, Rector of Great and Little
Ellingham.
March 27. Aged 24, Capt. John
Frederick Wythe, second son of Thomas
Wythe, esq. of Middleton.
Aoril 6. At Norwich, Maria, young-
est aau. of the Rev. £dw. South Thur.^
low, M.A. Prebendary of Norwich.
Northampton.— JfarcA 17. Aged 36,
Eliza, wife of the Rev. Richard Gard-
ner, Curate of Long Buckby.
March 28. At Peterborough, aged
37, Mr. Charles Valentine White, se-
cond son of Thomas White, esq. bunker.
Lately. At the scat of bis uncle Col.
Caldwell, near Northampton, Capt. Vere
Caldwell, of the 90th light infantry depot,
quartered at Dover Castle. When attempt-
ing to remove two large cast-iron swans,
placed over the gate at the park entrance,
one of them fell with great force on him,
and caused his death. Capt. Caldwell
was appointed Ensign in the 90th foot
1628, Lieut. 1832, and obtained his com-
pany on the 7th Feb. last.
Notts.— ^jtfri/ 13. Aged 60, Eliza-
beth, sister of the Rev. C. Williams,
Rector of Gedling, eldest dau. of the
late Rev. Philip Williams, of Compton.
Oxford. — March 19. At Bicester,
Marv Anne, eldest daughter of Thomas
Tubb, esq. banker.
March 23. At Bampton, aged 67,
Lieut. William Fetoham Kirke^ Roy«l
Veterans,
M€reh 25. At Oxford, aged 68» J«ne
Devereux, wife of George Davenport, Mq.
SALOP.-«AiarcA 17. At DudiMtton,
aged 67, Lady Lucy- Elisabeth Ottoigi-
ana, wife of W, W. Whitmore, esq. mt
M.P. for Bridgnorth, and sister to the
Earl of Bradford. She * was the ooly
dau. of Orlando Ist and lat^ Earl, by the
Hon. Lucy Eliz. Byng, eldest dau. oi
George 4tb Viscount rorringtoa ; was
married in 1810, and has left a oumeKOiu
family.
March 29. At Brompton, Richard
Edwards, esq.
Lately. At Westwood, near Bri4g-
north, aged 92, John Hincke6iiian» eaq.
BoMERSET.^ — March 17* At the house
of her father George Sheppandt ssq.
Fromefield, aged 40, Harriet Byara,
wife of the R^v. William Dalby, Vicar
of Warminster.
March 18. At Bath, aged 80, Brid.
get, relict of Rev. Richard Abraham,
Viear of Dminster, and Rector of Cha£>
comb.
March 21. At Woolcombe, near
Wellington, aged 56, Charles Lewis Henry
Pye Rich, esq. some years since df
Worthing House, Worthing.
March 27. At WoodUnd House,
near Stowey, Anna Maria, vounmt
dau. of Samuel Drewe, esq. Ute uU
rector of the Bank of England.
March 28. At Bath, aged 38L Mr.
John Dyar, solicitor, of Wotton Uoder-
edge. Few have passed a more useful
and irreproachable life, and his best ex-
ertions were most liberally devoted to the
numerous charities of that town.
March 31. At Beach, near Balb,
aged 64', John Bush, esq.
Lately, At Wells, Hannah, reUct of
the Ute N. Lamont, esq. formerly M.P.
for that city.
At Bath, Anne Margaret, second
daughter of Colonel Jervois, K. H.
Hannah, relict of Isaac Gregory^ esq.
of Yatton, one of the Societv of Friends,
leaving a fumilv of eight orphan children.
April \, At Taunton, in his 82d
year, Peter Martin Carey, esq.
April 11. At Bath, Frances, relict of
the late J. W. Willett, esq. of Merly,
Dorset.
Stafford. — March II. Mr. James
Dewe, of St. John's Coll. Camb. young-
est son of the late Rev. John James
Dcwe, Vicar of Alstonefieid.
Suffolk.— J/areA 20. At Bungay,
aged 76, Elizabeth, relict of Rev. James
Chartres, Vicar of Godmanchester and
West Haddon.
March *30. At MildenhaU, in hia 7oth
year, John Richnoan, esq. late of Lymiqg-
too, Hants, solicitor.
April 5. At his fiithei's, I^gfaam
1840.]
Obituaay.
5»7
Bury St. Edmund's, 9ged 10, Chas.
Worlledge, of Cuius College, Cambridge.
He had in the previous week gained a first
success in the course of study, by winning
a i)rize in his college examination.
April 12. At Bury St. Edmund's,
aged 76, F. Poole, esq.
.^pril 16. At Bury St. Edmund's,
Mrn. Gedge, mother of the Rev. Sydney
(^edge, M.A. Master of King Edward'a
(irammar School, Birroingbam.
April 19. At Halesworth, Elizabeth,
wife of liobert Crabtree, esq.
SviuiEY.— March 25. The widow of
Captain Halliday, of Ham Lodge, and
sister of the Rer. C. H. Whita, R«etor
of Shaldcn, Hants.
March 26. At Richmond, Elizabeth,
wife of Thomas Price, esq.
March 30. At Wallington, Elizabeth
Mary, rehct of Dr. George Kier, of
Bombay and Milleam, Perthshire.
iMtely.— At Kingston, aged .'19, Cbarlaa
Stacey Beazley, only son of the kte
Charles Beaxley, esq. of Whitehall.
Aprkl 5. At Guildford, aged 84,
Sarah, wife of John Martyr, esq.
April 18. At Thamea Ditton, aged
70, Henry Strudwicke, esq.
April 10. At Roehampton, tbe wife
of Henry Stafford Norlhcote, esq.
Aprir2\. At Hock wood, aged 70,
Anna Catharine, wife of V. H. Blsooe,
esq.
ScsRKX. — March 24. At Lewes, in
his 7.>th year, John Boys, esq. formerly
of Ashrombe.
March 2^. At Brighton, aged 4, Alan
l^ouis Wiltshire, third son of Col.
(irey.
March 30. At Brighton, (leorgiana,
infant dau. of Sir Harry Vemey, Bart.
April X At Brighton, aged 26, Mary
Marsh, wife of the Ilev. 8. A. Malan, of
Bishop's College, Calcutta.
Jpril 7. At Brighton, Emma, only
surviving dan. of the late Adm. Sir Al-
bemarle Berrie, Bart.
V^AHwwK.— March 22. At Rugby,
aged 34, Henry William Townsend, esq.
March 2.>. At Meriden, aged 7^
Sarah Musson, daughter of the Ute Rev,
Bartholomew Musson, Rector of Begin-
ton.
Lalcly. At Edgbaston, In bis 25tb
year, Thomas, son of Joshua Scbolefield,
esq. M.P. for Birmingham.
April 18. At Leamington, aged 75,
Elizabeth, relict of Richard Ackloro, esq.
of Wiseton Hall, Notts, and sister of
Francis first Earl of Bandon. Mrs.
Arklom'sonly child was married to Via*
count Altborp ^now Earl Spencer) in
IHM, and died without iaaue in 1818.
Wilts.— JtfiirdI 17. Aged 97, Har-
riet, teeood daughter of H. Wantey, eeq.
of Samboume, Warminster.
Lately. At Oakaey park, aged 65,
William Maakelyne, esq.
At Bishop's Cannings, aged 90, Mr.
John Weston, 00 years clerk of that pa-
rish ; his remains were carried to the
grave by six of his jrand-children, whilst
a great-grandson officiated aa derk.
WoRCESTEB.^JforcA 16. At Kenp*.
sey, aged 21 , Ralph George, eldest son of
the late Rev. J. T. Fenwick, Rector of
Northfield.
April 7. At Hanbury Hall. Jeade
Anna Letitia, wife of Patrick Cnalmers,
esq of Auldbar, Forfarahire, M.P. for
Montrose Burghs.
April II. At her residence, Peach
Fieid Lodge, Great Malvern, aged 96,
the Right Hon. Apphia Lady Lvttelton,*
widow of Thomas second Lord Lyttel-
ton, who died in Nov. 1779. She wa»
the second dau. of Broome Witta, of
Cheping Norton, co. Oxf. esq. was mar.
ried first to Joseph Peach, eaq. Go-
vernor of Calcutta, and secondly to
Lord Lyttelton in 1772. With meant
comparatively slender, die was eminently
charitable. The charity aekools fouadea
by her, the public walks laid out and im-
proved, tbe House of Industry, are
standing momimenta of her beneficent
diaposition. In all actJ of charity, in ell
plana for the amelioration of the comU*
tion of the poor, she led the way.
York. — JfereA 3. Aged 77, Jane,
wife of John Newmardi, eaq. of Hall.
Fed. 26. At Leeda, Sophia Ann, wife
of Robert Green, esq. youngest dsiu. of
the late Rev. Jonathan Harriaon, Vioar
of Frodingham, Linconshire.
March 23, Aged 22, Soaamiah, wife
of the Rev. J. Liater, Incumbent of
Staley, and Evening Lecturer at Wakt*
field Church.
March 28. Aged 63, Lydia, wife of
E. W. Phillips, esq. of Beverley.
Aj^HI I. At York, in her OSd ymt^
Jane, widow of Tbomaa Yorke, esq. ol
Hatton place.
jfpirl 6. At Earl*s Heaton, and 79/
Eliza-Jane, wife of Mr. Jamea Fhiltn«
son
AvrU II. At MiUtanda, SheiBeU,
aged 64, Mr. Jaroea Graban^, only aon of
the Ute James Grmban, M.D. of Pall
Mall.
ApHl 13. At Maltby, aged 38, Tbo.
mas Lee, eso. son of Richard Lee, eeq*
formerly of Lombard -street.
AprU U. At Eastbuni, near Driffield^
aged 7.% Bethuel fioyes, esq.
j4pril 10. At Hull, aged 74^ tbe re-
lict of Corndiaa Burton, eso. and mother
to hAn. Finoock Tigar, of GiovelMNaat,
558
OBlTVARt*
Walks. — Jan, 6. At Henllys, Pwll-
heli, aged about 140 years (according to
his own book), John Oliver. He had
travelled the country for about a century,
occasionally as a sieve and basket-maker,
but generally as a repairer of clocks and
watches.
March 12. Margarette, wife of the
Rev. William Thomas, vicar of Llan-
gonoyd, Giamoi^ganshire.
March 15. At Aberayron, aged 35,
Sackville Gwyn Owen, second son of the
late John Owen, esq. of Maindiff Court,
near Abergavenny.
March 19. Aged 76, Lieut. William
Nicholson, late of the Brecon and Mon-
mouth Militia.
March 27. Aged 81, Samuel Lewin,
esq. of Womaston House, Radnorshire,
35 years a magistrate for the county.
Lately, — At Penlline Court, in his
59th year, awfully sudden, Robert
Smith, esq. late of Craig Afon, Glamor-
ganshire.
April As, At Iscoed House, Carmar-
thenshire, aged 85, Cbarlotta Maria, re-
lict of the late Rev. Edward Picton.
Scotland. — March 14. At Mary-
field, Easter-road, Edinburgh, Richard
Maddock Hawley, M.D., F.R.C.P.E.
March 17. At Park Hall, Lanark-
shire, aged 72, James Gillespie, esq.
March 17. At Eden, Aberdeenshire,
aged 7u, the relict of Sir Whitelaw
Ainslie.
March 20. At Haylebank, Ayrshire,
aged 77, Alexander Wyllie, esq. sen.
Lately, At Edinburgh, Henry, young-
est son of the late Lieutenant-Colonel
John Thomson, of fiallingall, E.LC.
service.
At Edinburgh, aged 84, Christian,
daughter of the late Colonel R. Hep-
bume, of Rickarton.
At Glengartholm, Canonbie, aged 79,
Robert Elliot, esq.
Ireland. — March 7. At Dublin,
Mary, wife of Sir Thomas Esmonde,
Bart. Her maiden name was Payne.
March 17. At Cork, Mr. Luke H. Bol-
ster, bookseller. He was persevering and
industrious, no less than nve or six works
of considerable interest, by different au-
thors, having during the last twelve
months, been the result of his unwearied
exertions. His body was interred at St.
Micbaers, Blackrock, and the Rev. F. de
M. St. Georpe, Rector of St. Paul's,
delivered an affecting address on the occa-
sion.
March 22. At Dublin, Roderick Con-
nor, esq. one of the Masters of the Court
of Chancery.
March 28. At Parkanour, Tyrone, in
hi^ 3rd year, Cleiqeuts Keppel, third son
[May,
of John Y. Burgess, esq. andgimcboii of
the Earl of Leitrim.
Lately. At Portarlington, aged 80,
Miss Elizabeth Handcock, sister to Lord
Castlemaine.
At Tralee, aged 86, Maurice 0*Coa.
nor, esq. one of the senior magistntes of
Kerry.
In Dublin, Major Spread ; at an cariy
period he distinguished himself in tM
military service, and, at the capture of the
Cape, and several afiairs in the West In.
dia islands, was remarkable for die gal«
lantry of his conduct.
At Black Castle, Meath, in hia 65tli
year, Richard Ruxton fItzherliMt, esq.,
Vice-Lieutenant of the county.
In Dublin, aged 9^ Miss Bnigfa, aunt
to Lord Downes.
At Granard, co. Longford, in his 83d
year, John Daly, esq.
At Fermoy, Martha Plunket, at the
extraordinary age of 108.
At Lacca, Queen*s County, in hia 05Ui
year, Andrew Despard,e8q. fate a Lieut.-
Colonel 79th Regt. He entered the
army at the age of 14, and waa a Lieute-
nant commanding a company, at Bun*
ker's Hill.
At DubUn, Lady Tynte (Caldwell),
widow of Sir Charles Tynte, Bait.
and, secondly, of the late Fltzmaurice
Caldwell, esq. brother of the late Sir
John Caldwell, Bart By her ladyship's
death Mr. Pratt Tynte, second son of
Col. Pratt, of the County Cavan militia,
has succeeded to the extensive estates of
his grandfather, Sir Charles Tynte.
Thomas Stannus, esq. Sovereign of
Portarlington.
At Killane, aged 95, Mrs. Margaret
Keating, mother of the Ri^t Rev. Vr,
Keating, of Wexford.
In 'fralee, aged 109, the relict of Mr.
John Higgins. She bad a perfect reooU
lection of the great frost of 1739-40, and
of the famine that followed. She lived
to see the fifth generation of her own off-
spring.
Affril 9. At Achadoe House, Kerry,
affed 59, the Rt. Hon. Charles Allanaon
Winn, Baron Winn, of Aghadoe, and a
Baronet of Enghuid. He succeeded to
the title and estates on the death of his
father, the first Lord, the 9th April 1798.
In November 1825, his lordship married
Miss Matthews, but had no issue. He
is succeeded by his nephew, Mr. Cbaries
Winn, son of the late Hon. Geonre Winn.
East Indies.— AToe. 13. Killed at
the storming of Kelat, Lieut. Thomas
Gravatt, of her Majesty *s 2d or Queen's
Royal Regiment. He became Ensign bf
purchase in 1829, and Lieut, in IBSI.
Nov, 18, At Patna, •g^ 9^ Utnrj
1840.]
Obituary.
559
Douglas, esq. son of the late Adm. Sir
James Douglas, Bart, of Spring^vood-
park. (The gentleman answering to this
description was formerly a judge at Patna,
but was bom in 1753.]
Dec. 11. At Almoran, brevet Capt.
J. H. Phillips, 42d N. In. and First As-
sistant to the Agent of the Governor Ge-
neral at Delhi.
Dec. 12. Drowned in crossing the In-
dus, from the upsetting of a boat during a
heavy gale, Capt. William Hilton, 16th
dragoons ; together with nine privates of
the same regiment. He was appointed
Cornet 1806, Lieut. 1809, Captain 1832;
and was the only oflScer in the regiment
who had not purchased any of his com-
missions.
Dee. 19. At Cawnjpore, Fanny Agnet^
youngest daughter of Capt. C. J. Lewei^
50th Bengal N. Inf. Assistant Commis-
sary. General.
Lately. At Moulmein, East Indies,
Major Francis Joyner Ellis, of the 62d
regt., only son of the late Sir Henry W.
Ellis.
At Bombay, Wm. B. C. Graham,
eso. M.D.
West Indies.— -At Jamaica, aged 82,
Harry, voungest son of T. Swaine, hA.D.
late of Kochford, Essex.
At St. Luda, Lieut. George Gore,
son of the late Wm. Gore, esq., chair,
man of the Board of Stamps, Ireland,
and grandson of Dr. Gore, Bishop of
Limerick.
BILL OF MORTALITY, from March 31 to April 21, 1840.
Christened.
Males 510
Females 570
}
1080
Buried.
Males 503 ) ,^0,;
Females 522 ]
Whereof have died under two years old.. .249
2
5
10
20
30
and
and
and
and
and
5
10
20
30
40
40 and 50
105
42
32
69
84
99
50 and 60 89
60 and 70 119
70 and 80 100
80 and 90 28
90 and 100 9
AVERAGE PRICE OF CORN, by which the Duty is regulated, April 24.
Peas.
40 II
PRICE OF HOPS, April 24.
Sussex PockcU, 2/. Ot. to 3/. 5t.— Kent Pockets, 2^ 2«. to 6/. 0«.
Wheat.
Barley.
Oats.
Rye.
Beans.
t. d.
«. d.
/. d.
t. d.
«. d.
68 11
39 10
25 8
37 4
41 5
PRICE OF HAY AND STRAW AT SMITHFIELD, April 25.
Hay, :U. Oi. to 4/.8f Straw, 1/. 16f. to 2/. Ot.— Clover, 4/. 0#. to 5/. 12«.
SMITHFIELD, April 27. To sink the OffaU-per stone of 8Ibs.
Head of Cattle at Market, April 87.
Beasts 2442 Calves 86
Sheep and Lambs80^630 Pigs 480
Beef 3/. 2d. to 4#. 4<f.
Mutton 3f. \0d. to 4#. 8tf.
Veal 4». 8J. to5f. 6rf.
Pork 4f. 4J. to 5#. &/.
Lamb • • . . ..6ff. 8<f. to It. ^d.
COAL MARKET, April 24.
Walls Ends, from 17#. dd, to 23«. d<l. per ton. Other sorU from 15«. 6<f. to 22«. Oi.
TALLOW, per cwt.— Town Tallow, 52i. Oi. Yellow Russia, 53*. M.
CANDLES, 8«. Qd. per doz. Moulds, 9«. 6d.
PRIC£S OF SHARES.
At the Office of WOLFE, BaoTHEM, Stock and Share Brokers,
23, Change Alley, Comhill.
Birmingham Canal, 217. Ellesmere and Chester, 82|. Grand Junction
\:a). iCennet and Avon, 26}. Leeds and Liverpool, 700. Regent's, 12.
Rochdale, 105. London Dock Stock, 66}. St. Katharine's, 100. East
and West India, 104.— —Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 183.~Grmnd June-
tion Water Works, 66|. West Middlesex, 96. Globe Insunnce, 125.—
Guardian, :n|. Hope, 5|. — Chartered Gas, 57. Imperial Gas, 54.
Phcsnix Gas, dO|. IndepMident Gas, 50. Genend United GM,ai. Canada
Land Company, 35.-— *R«Ttnioiiarjr Intefttt, 134.
METEOROLOGICAL DIARY, bt W. CARY, Stbahd.
From Uareh 86 1* Jpril S5, 1840, tMA tmelath*.
FafaKRiHil't Thtm.
o-d
'i '
^
1
;' TnOw.
1
dondr, <Ur
13 i^
Mr
U
JHW
,;cl«iidr,bir
15
^
I'faif
IS
3i!
,'ds.nia
17
.Mr
18 21
-K V*
d 0.
19
do.
80
ilo.
81
Icl«i4y
DAILY PRICE OF STOCKS,
n March 87 to April 87, 1840, both bulutivt.
: 1, mcHou ANA KIM, raiHisu, 85) rABLUuxt-nuR,
THE
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE.
JUNE, 1840.
By SYLVANUS URBAN, Gent.
CONTENTS.
Minor Coeeispondsnck. — Boisuet^i Eippsition. — Arms of Vere Duke of
Ireland. — Various Queries ^68
CoRRESPONDENCB or William Pitt, Earl OF Chatham 577
The Hundred and Parish of Hoo. co. Kent, and Church of St. Werburga (with
a Plate) 563
The ArrangemenU of the Sute Paper Office 584
Remarks on the New General Biographical Dictionary, Part V 58S
Mr. Bruce in reply to Mr. Burgon on the Orthography of Shakspere 591
Mbmoeials of Literary Charactees, No. XXVIII. — Mad. de Stael add
M. deLaUyTolendal. — M. de la Place. — The Parentage of Richard SaTagt.
—The Register of Milton's Second Marriage 597
Ancient Geography. — ^The Testus fluvius or Coesnon. — La Manceli^re 598
Latin Lines by the late Robert Surtees, Esq. translated 599
Epitaph of the Gounter Fanuly in Racton church, Sussex i^.
Cocker the Arithmetician and bis MSS. — Presenration of Epitaphs 60O
On the presenration of Monuments by Parochial Clergymen 601
The Mutilated Exchequer Records. — Charges of W. Davison, Esq. sent
into Scotland in 1582, 601 ; Bills of John Shakespeare the King's Bitmaker,
1621, 604 ; Payments to Vandyck, Le Soeur, and Hollar, 605 ; Letters of
Sir Robert Long, during the Pligue 60S
Rkteosfectiye Review. — Zimmemuui's Aphorisms and Reflections 607
REVIEW OP NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Lord Mahon*s Spain and Charles the Seeond, 609; Cattermole's Forty Sermons,
613 ; Danilefsky's History of the CampEicn in France in 1814, 614 ; Leigh's
Voyages in South Austnlia, ib. ; Cq>t. Marryat*s Diary in America, 615 ;
Mils Prescott's Poems, 616; The Jewels and other Poems, by T. Slope,
617 ; Poems by Elisa Cook, Percefil's Apostolical Succession, Lady Bles*
sington's GoYemess, Prideanx*s Poems of Chivalry, and other Miscellaneous
Reviews 618
FINE A RTS.^The Art Union, 623 ; Sir Simon Clarke's Pictures 6M
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.—New PublicaUons,
6S6; Universities, 6S7 ; Royal Sodety, 628; Royal Asiatic Society, 629;
Camden Society, t^. ; Horticultural Society, 630 ; Topognmhical Societies,
for Wilts, Berks, and Suffolk, 630 ; BritUh Architects' Institute 632
ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.— Society of Antiquaries, 633; Cambridge
Antiquarian Sodety, 635 ; Cambridge Camden Society, i5. ; Roman An-
tiquities at Stonr-piaine, Dorset, and at Huddersfield, 636 ; Roman Academy
of Archeology, ib, ; French Antiquarian Intelligence 637
HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.
Parliamentary Proceedings, 639 ; Foreign News, 641.— Domestic Oocurreiieet 642
Promotions and Preferments, 644. — Births and Marriages 645
OBITUARY; with Memoirs of the Eari of Stair ; Sir C. W. Burdett, Bart.;
Sir F. G. Cooper, Bart. ; Mijor-Gen. the Hon. Lincoln Stanhope ; Lieut-
Gen. Sir W. Thornton; Migor-Gen. Sir A. Dickson; General Durham;
General Wilkinson ; Capt. Sir John Phlllimore, R.N. ; William Poynts,
Esq. ; Dr. Rennell, Dean of Winchester ; Thomas Drummond, Esq. ; John
Hinckesman, Esq.; Alexander Nasmyth, Esq.; Bir. William Pitts; Mr.
Poisson 647—601
Clergy Deceased, 663.— Deaths arranged in Counties, 665.— Additions to
Obituary , 670
BaiofMortaUty-.Markets-PrioetofSbaret,671-MeteorolofiGalDitr7..8todci 67S
EmbcUithcd with a VifW of the CauBGB of Hoo St. Wibbvaoa, Koit.
562
MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.
We have received a letter from Mr. appearing on the monument of a tervant
Weever, the author of *' Monumenta of the Royal Household, may be men-
Antiqua.'* defending his »* Druid's Hermi- tioned (in addition to those in p. 142) that
i. m .m • " • A? 1_*-1. ^f n:^!...^ 13...*^^ A.^n.Mk til^i^t ^mjtlr *^
print for au.s.) _ _ _ .. . --
no doubt that the inscriptions are the Agnes uxor ejus, qui obiit zxiiu** die Julii
work of some hermit of comparatively A? do' M« cccc» xliii. qV ai'aba propids-
modem times. The first will be found tur deus." Above this inscrurtion ii a
towards the end of Cicero de Senectute, royal shield of France and Enghmd qiiar.
and the second is probably a quotation terly. Lysons (Environs of London) has
from Varro de Re Rustica. spoilt this memorial by printing *• Maj»»*
J. R. remarks : "In reply to your ** coc*."
Correspondent Straho'a extract from J. P. inquires for information mpect-
Page's Fhe Letters (page 472), and his ing the history of a Proclamation or Jo-
invitation for me to read Mendham'a Lite- slab Martin, Governor, &c. of the Pro-
raty Policy qf the Church of Rome, rela- vince of North Carolina, whidh Pkoda*
tive to Bosuet's Exposition of the Roman mation is dated, " On board hli Ma-
Catholic Faith, I beg to refer him to jesty's ship Cruiser, now lyiiw in the
Beausset*s Life of Bossuet, book iii. sec- Cape Fear river this 8th day of Avgut,
tioDS xiv, XV. with the justificatory docu- A. D. 1775," aigned '* Jo. liflartin«" and
ments in the appendix, where the whole countersigned "J. Biggleatont D. Bicfe-
controversy is Ailly elucidated. The tary." It wai printea and firaely diatri-
Pope's explicit approval, and the sanction buted over the PfovincOy and a printed
of the highest theologians, which are pre- copy is now lying before me. It donb^
fixed to the volume, sufficiently, we may less waa transmitted to the Britiah minis-
suppose, authenticate its doctrine, which try, and deposited in some one of the
is additionally attested by the impression numerous offices in which tihia ooantry
of the Irish translation, a most accurate abounds. This Proclamation ia enriona as
one, at the Propaganda in Rome— equi- containing evidence of a declaration of in-
valent in authority to the insertion of a dependence bv some dtizena of one of
royal proclamation, order of Council, or the counties in North Carolinni fifteen
Act of Parliament in the London Gazette." months prior to th$ ** Declaration of In-
R. A. remarks : '* Your editorial note dependence*' of the 4th of Jnlv 1776.
respecting the boar and mullets on the Artifex inqaires» ** Where he ean find
ceiling at the Black Boy Inn at Chelms- the best memoir or account of John Tlmzi-
ford, engraved in p. 470, no doubt cor- ton, a very eminent artist. He waa a
rectly explains that they were intended native of Scarborough, and died at Hol-
for the insignia of the Veres Earls of Ox- loway, in the parish of Islington, Hid-
ford, whose castle at Hedingham is in the dlesex, in the year 18S1.** We can only
neighbourhood, as well as their priory of refer him to a brief notice of BCr. Thnrr-
Colne. — I take this opportunity of ap- ton in Jackson's History of Wood En-
propriating the arms on a pavement tUe graving, p. 613.
engraved in the Gentleman's Magazine Sir Thomas Warner, the Fovnder of
for Oct, 1818, which appears to have the Colonies in the Leeward Islands fai
been found in Essex. The arms are de- the West Indies, married bis seoond wife
scribed as Three crowns quartering mul- Rebecca Payne, daughter of Hiomaa
lets. They are the arms of Ro^rt de Payne, of Surrey, in, or a short previously,
Vere, Earl of Oxford, who was the fa- to 16^9. He died March IMS^ in the
vourite of Richard II. and by him created West Indies, leaving a wife and young
Marquess of Dublin and Duke of Ireland, children behind him. D. F. W. wisbss
On which occasion the King gave him for to ascertain, whether his seotmd wiis sar-
his arms : ' Az, three croirns or, within vived him, or whether be married a tliird.
a border arg. ' quartered with his own Errata. — P. 220, a. lines 2 and 3
coat of De Vere, ** Quarterly gules and from bottom, /or Benton reedBenaon.
or, in the first quarter a mullet argent J* P. 326, b, line 6 from bottom, reed tlie
He died without issue IGth Richard II., Rev. Isaac Nicholson; he wuin Us 70th
and was the only member of his family year.
who bore this quartering of the three P. 491, line 3, ybr Edward wad Ed-
crowns. His arms are so remaining now, mond.
beautifully carved in stone, on the porch P. 495, line 21, rend years efter.
of the church at Lavenham in Suffolk." P. 496, line 1, /br order of FiriUfliir
As another example of the royal arms Bradshawe, readautognylu
THB
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE.
Correspondence of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. Vol. I.^^IV,
NO History of Lord Chatham, worthy of the greatness of his character
and his mind, has appeared; and had a writer equal to the subject been
desirous to engage in it, he would have had to lament the very scanty and
imperfect materials from which his work was to be formed. Those
splendid specimens of oratory which have been likened to the most
finished speeches of Demosthenes and TuUy, have passed away with the
voice that uttered them ; and of the private life of the great statesman ia
his hours of retirement, few memorials were preserved, except in the re-
collection of his family and friends. The sketches which we possess, brief
and unsatisfactory as they are, come from no friendly pens ; and the por-
traits that are drawn by Waldegrave * and Walpole mast be compared and
* K* Lord WaldegraTe's Memoin are not in the hands of all our readers, we shall
trxtract his character of Mr. Pitt : —
"Mr. Pitt has the finest geniui, improved by studj, and all the ornamental parts
of clantfical learning. He came early into the House of Commons, where he soon dis-
tini^uishetl himself, lost a cometcj of hone which was his only subsistence, and in lest
tlian 'iO yearH had raised himself to be first Minister* and the most powerful subject in
this country. He has a peculiar clearness and facilitj of expression, and has an eye
art tfiguiticant as his words ; he is not always a fair or conclusiTe reasoner, but com«
niandH the passions with sovereign authority, and to inflame or captivate a popular as-
Hcmhly, is a consummate orator. He has courage of everr sort, cool or impetuooSy
artivc or deliberate; at present (175H) he is the guide snd champion of the people^
wliethcr he will lung continue their friend, seems somewhat doubtful ; but if we may
judge from his natural disposition, as it has hitherto shown itself, his popularity and
zeal fur public liberty will have the same period ; for he is imperious, violent, and hn-
placable, impatient even of the slightest contradiction, and, under the mask of patri-
otism, liuK the despotic spirit of a tyrant. However, though his political sins are
black and dangerous, his private character is irreproachable ; he is incapable of a
treacherous ungenerous action, and in the common offices of life is justly esteemed a
man of veracity, and a man of honour .f He mixes little in company, tonfining bis
t Hence, how absurd to attribute to Lord Chatham the Letters of Junius, in which
great ability and utter want of principle, honour, and of gentlemanly feeling art aUke
eouMpietious. We consider the letters of Junius to have been composed by a small
knot of clever and factious men, probably connected with the Grenville party, ol
whom Sir P. Francis was one, perha|Mi Darrd, Dunning and others ; and that Mr.
Caieraft was in their secret, and assisted them. Thc9c Letters could not have been
written by a man of high character or exalted station ; the malignitr, baseness, and
scurrility of the Letters to the Dukes 61 Bedford and Grafton forbid this : they woold
not hare been written by underlings or men who had no fortune or power, unsnp*
ported and unassisted by higher influence, for they would not have had conrage or deter-
mination. Had they been the production of any ofie man, before this time vanity or some
other light motive would have opened the lock of the secret ; but who was to derife
fame from being one only of a confederation ? A single individual is master of hit own
secret, to retain or to divulge it at will, but the pledge of fidelity in a party might be
re<|uired to be sacred and inviolable, and might have been secured by fneans, all b^
impoiiiblc to defeat, The Letters differ ciceedingly, not only in merit b«t to
564 Correspondence of the Earl of Chatham. [June,
corrected with more temperate and impartial judgments, before tbey are
received as authentic resemblances, and stamped with the approbation of
history. The present volumes afford materials such as would scarcely
have been expected, and cannot be too highly esteemed. Not only are
the distinct events of Lord Chatham's political life recorded, hot the
principles and motives of his conduct are presented to our new. We arc
admitted into the secrets of the palace and the cabinet, —
Apparet domtis intus et atria longa patescant.
and we find in the correspondence of the friends or rivals of Lord
Chatham, the difficulties he had to encounter and overcome, the unpa-
ralleled vigour with which he pursued his objects, and the extraordi-
nary ascendancy which his superior genius gained and maintained over
statesmen of no humble character and fame to whom he was either allied
or opposed. Yet, great and commanding as were his talents, and wise
and sagacious as were his views, it was a firm reliance on the nnsnllied
integrity of his purpose, on his zeal for the honour of his country, on his
freedom from all sordid interests and petty entanglements, on his hitfb and
unquestioned patriotism, that gave such a lustre to his name, as has throirn
those of the greatest of his contemporaries comparatively into the shade.
" Sic Anglus ille Pitt, (says a very learned writer, in a work where we
should not have expected to have met his name or eulogy), Comes de
Chatham laudatur, et pro Magno viro habetur ; quia in omnibus rebos non
snam, sed reipublics utilitatem spectavit.'**
That he was violent, overbearing and impracticable, were defects that
society to a small junto of his relations, with a few obsequioos friends, who oontiilt
him as an oracle, admire his superior understanding, and never preinme to have an
opinion of their own. This separation from the world is not entirely owing to pride,
or an unsociable temper ; as it proceeds partly from bad health and a weak eonstita-
tion. But he may find it an impassable barrier in the road of ambition ; for, though
the mob can sometimes raise a minister, he must be supported by people of higher
rank, who may be mean enough in some particulars, yet will not be the patient fol-
lowers of any man who despises their homage, and avoids their solicitations. Beddet,
it is a common observation, that men of plain sense and cool reflection hafie more
useful talents, and are better qualified for public business, than the man of tho
finest partSt who wants temper, judgment, and a knowledge of mankind. Even
parliamentary abilities may be too highly rated ; for between the man of eloquence
and the sagacious statesman, there is a wide interval ; however, if Mr. Pitt should
maintain his power, a few years' observation and experience may correct many faults,
and supply many deficiencies. In the mean time his enemies must allow that he haa
the firmness and activity of a great minister ; that he haa hitherto conducted the war
with spirit, vigour, and tolerable success ; and though some favourite schemes may have
been visionary and impracticable, they have at least been more honourable and leas
dangerous than the passive unperforming pusillanimity of the late adminiatntioD."
* See Scheller, Precepta Styli Latini, p. 640.
the manner of thought and expression. H. Tooke wishes Junius joy of the reeoPirg
of hit ttyle. U . Tooke beat Junius by pinning him down to facts. We think the cUima
of all the candidates for the honour of Junius may be dismissed at once, with the ex-
ception of three or four. Speaking according to our present knowIedge,Sir P. Firancis
may be considered as the central figure of the groupe : Barr^, Donning, perhaps
Lloyd and G. Hamilton placed round him. We are not prepared to say, who weretho
great pa/ron« of the junto ; but that it was a party concern we are convinced. And it Sa
by looking at it otherwise, that so many additional difficulties have been created. He
who considers that an apparent uniformity of style would not admit the ivppoaitioB of
several writers, may be referred to the evidence of Dr. '^liite*s Bampton Lectarv,
which were the composition of three persons, of very dj^jniilfr habits of mind and
fiterary acqnirtments.
1 840.] Cormpnndence of the Earl of Chatham. 565
seemed to spring as it were out of the very strength and massiveness of
his noble qualities ; " par un malheur (says Montesquieu,) attache k la
conditiou huwaine, Ics grands homraes mod^r^s sont rares." Of his parlia-
mentary elo(|ueuce, it has happened to him as to Lord Bolingbroke,
that with some few exceptions, we must believe its excellence and power
from the report of his contemporaries ) yet what we possess, is sufficient
to evince its qualities, though not to exhibit them in their full varietv and
extent. To express the manner in which the torrent burst upon his au-
ditors when he rose, we must adopt the Homeric term hvopovat.^ His style
was weighty and sententious, short in the construction of the sentence8>
admirable and select in the choice of the words 5 it abounded in what
Plato calls pt'ifiara /3puxca Kai iiiiofivrjfioyivTiKa, with something perhaps
too much of exaggeration for men of temperate judgments and delicate
and fastidious taste, yet well adapted to produce a powerful effect on a
large and mixed assembly. f J^rd Waldegrave, when comparing it with
that of Charles Townshend, calls it awful and compulsive.
If the great art of oratory, and indeed its peculiar province is that of
commanding the passions, swaying the will, and leading the opinions of
others, that of Lord Chatham possessed this in a degree not often
equalled.^ It would equally inspire hope and confidence in his friends^
and awaken fear and distrust in his adversaries. To use the language of
the great Roman historian, " Ita magno et elato animo Scipionis instar^
in Senatu disscmit, ut ardorem eum qui residerat, excitaret, rursus no*
varetiiuc, ct impleret homines certioris spei quam quantam fides promiaii
humani, aut ratio ex fiducia rerum subjicere solet.**§ And when we coo-
sider this great statesman, standing as it were alone, or relying only on
the general feeling and approbation of his fellow countrymen ; opposed to
the power, open and concealed, of the sovereign, || to the secret influence of
some, and to the open and declared enmity of others, yet never coropromis-
ing the interests of his country, or yielding to the difficulties and embarraw-
ments of his situation, we cannot help calling to mind the words of a very
elegant ancient writer, where he is speaking of the similar situation of Dm-
sas. *' In iis ipsis, (wc are quoting the words of Paterculus) queproSeoatii
moliebatur, Scnatuni habuit adversarium ; deni(|ue ea fortuna Drusi foit,
ut in<ilefacta advcrsariorum quam ejus optimb ab ipso cogitata Senatus
probaret mngis ; et honorem, qui ab eo defcrebatur, spemerct ; injurias qiUB
ub aliis intendcbantur, lequo animo reciperct, et hujus summs glorin in-
videret, illorum modicum ferret.*'^
It is not, however, our intention to enter into the general subject of
I/ord Chatham's character, cither as a minister, politician or an orator ;
• Vide Horn. 11. a. 248.
t " Sane TeriMimum est, ft tanquam Mcrftam qnoddam naturae, hominain tnimo
rum congregati »int, mngis quam cum toll lint, affectibua et impreiiioiiibaa patere.*'
Vide Haron, Augm. Scient. 2, c. .1.
I '* Yet in all dcbateiof consequence,** says Lord Waldegrave, *' Murray the Atlor-
nr j.Cicneral had greatly the advantage over Pitt in point of argument; and, abnae onlf
eicrptcd, was not much his inferior in any part of oratory.'' Vide Memoirs, p. 53. Ytt
when Murray retired to the House of Peers, the same writer observea, ** Pitt stood
without a rival, no orator to oppose him, who had the courage even to look him in
the face.**n. 82.
§ Vide Ltv. lib. zzvi. c. 19.
II " TeU him/* said the King to Lord Waldegrave, " I do not look upon myself ■• Kiiif ,
while I am in the hands of these 9Cowndr§h .'*' p. 96, i. e. Pitt, Lord Temple, G«
Gre nville, Scr.
^ Sff V. PaimaU Hist. lib. u. c. 13.
566 Cormpandenee oftU Bart of CMkam. (Jwm^,
dnce it has been exanuned and recorded with consummate sldll and
knowledfle by a great atatesman and accomplished writer of the present
day, and we can refer with pleasure to the very eloquent and instructife
pages of Lord Brougham.* We have, however, a word to say on the passage
which we find tomrds the conclusion of the sketch ; which we think
might in some degree be modified in expression without violating the
purity of truth.
*' Without allowing (he sajs*) consider-
able admixture of the claj which forms
earthly mortals to have entered into his
oomposition, how can we account for the
violence of his feelings when George the
Third showed him some small signs
of kindness in the Court, upon his giving
mp the seals of office. * I oonfeiSy Sir, I
had but too much reason to expect your
Majesty's displeasure; I had not come
prepared for this exceeding goodness ;
pardon me^ Sir,' he fHuHomatefy ex-
claimed, * it overpowers, it oppretSM me,*
and he burst into teartf** &c.
Undoubtedly in the present day it does appear somewhat strange
to hear of statesmen weeping cither in fear of their sovereign's displeasure,
or in gratitude for his bounty ; but as the age of chivalry is gone, so we
fear the days of loyalty are departed with it. A King was then something
more than a name, and was consecrated in the mind of the wise and ^rtu-
OttS, as the genius and palladium of the country, as the living image, the
embodied representation of that social law, that due subordination, which
is the foundation of a nation's prosperity and happiness^ and which derives
its origin, and indeed maintains its dominion from the will of Ood. As to
the particular direction which Lord Chatham's feelings took in the out-
ward expression of tears, and which seemi in the above passage quoted, to
be considered as unworthy of a man 3 we have only to observe that not
only in ancient times, when men were not ashamed to express real emo-
tions by the simple and unaffected language of nature ; when tears, aS the
poet elegantly and strikingly observes, were things ;t but it will find an au-
thority in times close to those of Lord Chatham himself, in the person of
a statesman who like him gloried in the name of patriot, and who vras
not ashamed to use this powerful part of oratory, now called weakness,
but once considered the lawful and potent auxiliary of words and
actions ; and this not in the presence of a single person, and him his
sovereign, but in a large and crowded deliberative assembly! and before
the wise and grave legislators of the State. Lord Chesterfield says,
speaking of Pultcney, " He was a most complete orator and debater in
the House of Commons, eloquent, entertaining, pursuasive, strong and
pathetic, as occasion required ; for he had arguments, wit and tears at his
command." { We are able also to afford another and more striking ex-
ample in the person of one of Lord Chatham's most brilliant contempora-
ries^ and one too of a temper and disposition not easily ruffled or swayed
fh>m its composure.
** There was a debate,** says Mr. Cal- thecourseofit^Mr. Wedderburn wasfuUy
craft ** on Ellis's Motion, on the breach paid for his insolence, by Barr6 and
of Privilege, (March 28, 1771) which Sergeant Glynn. The former addressed
lasted till 11 o'clock, but so division. In him with dignity, propriety, and great se-
• See Characters of eminent Statesmen, Vol. 1. p. 17 — 47.
t ** Sunt lacrynuB rerum, et mentem Mortalia tangunt,*' the force of this ex-
pression will be folt, when it is seen to be opposed to its contrtry,— " Lacrymie vol-
vuntur titanef."
X See Chesterfield's characters (Pulteney) p. 26, 12mo.
1 840.] Cormpondence of ihe Earl of Ciaiham. 567
▼erity. Lord North disclaimed going he would weather out the atonii» but hU
out, though he wished much for ease and pathetic manner and teart rather con-
retirement. He added that nothing but firmed, than remoyed any suspicions of
the King or the mob, who were near de- his very anxious perplexed situation/'
stroying him to day, could remove him :
Rich as the letters before us arc in the materials of Lord Chatham's
official and public history, they have also disclosed to view portions of his
retired hours and private life, more fully than we could have expected ;
and have given, to the somewhat austere character of the stem and un-
compromising statesman, the softer touches of domestic tenderness, while
they have also afforded us a view of his familiar occupations during his
relaxation from tlie great commanding duties of his life. Jjord Brougham
has remarked that '* he delighted in poetry and other light reading, was
fond of music, loved the country, took peculiar pleasure m gardening, and
had even an extremely happy taste in laying out grounds,*** We believe
this to be the fact ; both from some passages in the correspondence where
he was complimented on his taste in this delightful branch of art, which
may be called *' painting with Nature's own brush, and the colours of her
own easel," as well as from some traditionary accounts ; and we beliere
that Lord Chatham possessed what he himself called the "prophetic eye
of taste," at a period when the principles of the art were but imperfectly
develo|)ed or understood, and before those who are now considered as its
great authorities, had appeared. f Of Lord Chatham's genius, however^ in
this favourite pursuit, no memorials unfortunately remain. Of what he
may have done at his seat at Burton Pynseut, in Somersetshire, we are
ignorant. South Ixxlge in Enfield Chase, the house of a friend> afforded the
earliest specimen of his abilities, but all traces of his hand, we believe, have
disappeared ^ and his own favourite place, Hayes, near Bromley, in Kent»
has not been more faithful in preserving the beauties with which he de-
lighted to adoni it. In either case the " Genius loci *' has to moam bis
• ** See Chatham's Correspondence,*' vol. Iv. p. 138.
f Lancelot Drown was the landncape gardener of the day in Lord Chatham's timet
patronized by the King. He was originally a gardener's boy at Stowe, and raised himself,
Dotwithiitanding the disadvantage of a low but hononurable marriage, to respectability
and wealth. See some account of him in the Correspondence, vol. iv. p. 430. Bishop
Warburton said, ** In gardening Lord Chatham's tajtte is inimitable — ^far superior to
Urown'tt." It appears from a letter of Lord Lyttelton, that Lord Chatham tasitted
to form the beauties of Hagley. At Admiral W cst's seat near Wickham, in Keatf
was a walk made by Pitt, which is mentioned by Dr. Johnson in his life of West the
Puet. These are iuflicient evidences of hifl love of the art, perhaps of his skill. Aa
we are on this subject we may be ))ermitted to remark that we cannot agree in Die
reason assigned bv Mr. Twining in his Translation of Aristotle's Poetics, of the poetry
of the Greeks notfbeing picturesque like that of the moderns ; he savs, '* They had no
ThouiMons because they had no. Claudes." But they had the picture drawn by a
greater than Claude before them — that of nature ; and could not the noet select SS
well afl the painter from her beauties, what was appropriate for his art r The faet by
pure (le^ription is not the proi)er province of poetry ; it is a sure mark, where It
prevailM, of a feeble and declining taste — this the severe and chaste character of
ancient poetry refused to adopt. After all, the few touches of human character and
pait.Hion as in the stories of I^iviuia, Celadon and Amelia, are the moit popular parts of
Thomson's poetry. That the anoient.H iiitens<-ly loved, and well understood the
beauties of nature, the choice of scenery, and the composition of a line landscape,
mav be seen not only by passages in their writings, both in prose and verset but
eminently in the fine situation of their villas, which are chosen with eiqiiisite taste ;
we might extend the same remark to the position of some of their dtiee, as of Pompeii*
We shall therefore alter Mr. Twining*s sentence and say, '* They had no TAojufOUt,
because they considered pure description as the province of their Claudes.**
56S
Correspondence of the Earl of Chatham.
{jhttktf
deserted and desecrated shades. — We have now ouly to select a towU
share of that part of the correspondence of Lord Chatham which relates
to his private life, which will seem to confirm and illustrate what we have
said. In the group of the family picture we have also endeavoared to
bring prominently forward that portion in which the figure of his illiutrious
Son appears, we think, to great advantage 5 in his earliest dawn giying
promise of the lustre of his subsequent career, and presenting the same
masculine virtues of a mind which found both its delight and reward in the
pleasure attending on a settled and habitual attention to its dnties, whether
in the improvement of its growing faculties, or the exertion of its matured
strength : the following letter is to Lady Chatham : —
** HayeSfJulyl, 1758.
** My Dear Love, I hope this letter
will find you safe arrived at Stowe, after a
journey which the little rain must have
made pleasant. Hayes is as sweet with
these showers as it can be without the
presence of her who gives to every sweet
its best sweetness. The loved babes are
delightfully well, and remembered dear
Mama over their strawberries. They both
looked for her in the prints, and told me
* Mama gone up there — Stowe garden.' As
the showers seem local, I may suppose
my sweet love enjoying them with a fine
evening sun, and finding beauties of her
acquaintance grown up into higher per-
fection, and others, before unknown to
her, and still to me, accomplishing the
total charm. The messenger is just arrived
and no news. Expectation grows every
hour into more anxiety: the fate of
Louisberg and Olmutz probably decided,
though the event unknown — the enter-
prize crowned with success, or baffled at
this moment, and indications of a second
battle towards the Rhine. I trust, my life,
in the same favouring providence that all
will be well, and that thitt almost degene-
rate England may learn from the disgrace
and ruin it shall have escaped, and the
consideration and security it may enjoy, to
be more deserving of the blessing. Sister
Mary's letter of yesterday will have carried
down the history of Hayes to last night,
and the continuator of this day has the
happiness to assure my sweetest love of
the health of its inhabitants, both young
and old. The young are so delight-
fully noisy that I hardly know what to
write. My most affectionate compliments
to all the
husband.
congress.
Tour ever loviag
" W. Pitt."
" Nov. 19, 1759.
** My Sweetest Love, — After much
Court and more House of Commoiu widi
Jemmy Rivers* since a hasty rqMst, what
refreshment and delight to fit down to
address these lines to the dearest object of
my every thought. I will be^ by teUing
you that I am well, for that it if my hap-
piness to know my adored first wifhes to
hear ; and I will next tell myself, and tnift
in Heaven that my hopea do not deceive
me, that this letter will find you and all
our little angels in perfect hraltb ; them
in joyful, and you in serene and happy
spirits. The bitter wind has forbid all
garden occupations, and little Williamt
will naturally have called your attentkmf
more towards that springing human plant
than to objects out of doors. I wait with
longing impatience for the groom*f retam
with ample details of you and yoors.
Send, my sweetest life, a thousand particn-
lars of all those littU-grtat things which,
to those who are blessed as we are, fo hr
surpass in excellence and foceeed in at-
traction, all the great 'little things of the
busy, restless world. That laborioofl world
forbids my wished-for journey on Wed-
nesday, and protracts till the evening onr
happy meeting. No news but what your
faithAd papers administer at breal^Bft,
except what, perhaps, they may not notice,
viz. that Lord George Sackville kaeekown
hie/ace at the opera ; the event i» kmrdt^
worth mentioning y ae nothing woe wm^timg
to complete that great num*e heroic «fmtr-
ance. Your ever loving husband.* '$
* One of the Under Secretaries of State.
f Theirsecond son, William Pitt.
X The following extract from a note to Lady Chatham shews the oocnpation of Loid
Chatham's retired hours with " his pretty prattlers," as Sir R. Lyttelton calls them.
*' The principal events of Hayes is Hetty's chase of a butterfly, which she panraed
over the daisy lawn with the ardour of a little nymph of Diana'f tndn. ^le ipoit
was growing too hot, and we wisely agreed to whip off and renew the host '
day.*'
1
J 8 10.1
Correspondence of the Earl of Chatham.
569
Bath, Nov. 18, 1763.
Tliank Ileaven that I am able to hold a
pen und tell ray love the feats I have tliu
(lay ptTforiiied. I have visited the fair
dill' of (.'luvtTtDn with all its piny forests,
ami have drunk one glass of water, as I
nturned, sittinjjj in my coach of state in
Still-stret't. Hitherto all goes prosper-
ously with iny bodily concerns. So that 1
Ii:i\i> no pain worth mentioning, but that
of l)eini; separated from my kind love, and
not soeinij five little faces which form
round htT a ^roup, which seems all de-
light.— all vihich my heart can ta-^te. It
IS, iiititcd, a pleasure to think that I am
writim; whit will give my dearest heart
pie i>urc, and help to make the hours of
.sep.vration m.)re ca^y and comfortable. It
rains civilities upon me here from various
ipLirttT-', a:»il It) imv own sense of things
only rcude^^^ my Mtualion more unaccount-
able, not to say ridiculous ; but no more of
thi-: —
•• \V!.i) sc,», not l*r()\idenr»» all kind and wise,
A!ik«' ri what if jfiants and what denies ?"
The lIooiU arc prctiy well; the Captain
and Mr. Jai.ien (.irenvillo, as also Mr.
Major, are all tiiat I have opened my doois
to. Many. I find, are enough di>poscd
tt) t I'lvr a vi.-w of me, whether from mere
curio>itv to >ee a ^t^an^c new creature,
vi/. a leader whom nobody follows, or any
other re.ison — why, I do not conjecture. I
must now. my lift-, draw to a conclusion,
for my hand adaioniahe» me not to be too
bidd. Ki^isis upon kisses to the little
chihlren. Your ever loving husband,
" W. Pitt."
•* Rath, May:^, 17(»G.
" My dearest life will be glad to sec
und( r my hand that 1 am safe at my
journey's end. It was only an airing
from Hayes hither. I lay at Speenham
land, and dined here with ease; am now
in my old corner at Mrs. Griffith's. The
country all the way was delightful, but
with all its verdure nothing so pleasing to
my eye as poor old Hayes, perhaps not
Hayes itself, but what I left there. When
will you come ? not till business is done»
the .sooner after that the happier for the
wanderer, who, with all the waters of
these copious springs, will not wash awaj
for a moment the memory of parting, nor
the wish of meeting. I trust Wednesday
will bring me a letter, and everything
good, ui)on which pleasing hope 1 shall
e.
liv
Again, ** The sight of your hand, my
dearest life, and the contents of your
wi-hed for IcttiT, have made my day happy,
absentee excepted, and some aniiety for
William. The exceptions, indeed, are
not small, but hope of approaching meet-
ing and of a l)etter account next post of
ourh>ved boy, are sweeteners of the present
lot. 1 am quite delighted with the first
fruit.s of little Mr. Secretary's pen.* Pray
tell him so, aniWncourage all to write to me;
it will do them good and give Papa plea-
sure. I hoi>e my letter of Monday will
have been with you to-day, as I know the
contents will not be uninteresting to yon.
I am ashamed to find myself so well and
not sweating in St. Stephen's Chapel. I
never bore a journey so well. Was it that
I turned my back upon the little tricks
of childish mcTi, and was rapidly borne
towanU the depths of Somersetshire by an
* alacrity at sinking,* to borrow Falstaif' ■
phrase, * 1 would with ease post all the
world over, provided always it was to fly
from such a world.' Yours,*' &c.
* Little Mr. Secretary, afterwards the great Prime Minister; this youthful portrait^
sketched by bin father's |H>ncil, is very iuteresting. In the August of the same year,
17(i(», Mr. Wilson, the tutor in Lord Chatham's family, writes to the countess, ** My
Lord Pitt is much iK'tter, Lady llesther quite well, and Mr. William very near it.
1'he last gentleman is not only contented in retaining his P.ipa's name, but perfectly
happy ill it. Thrfc months ngi>. he told me in a v^ry serious conxersation, * he was
gtiil he was not the el li-^t roii, but that he womM ser\r his ctMintry in the House of
CiMiiiuoiis liki- hi^ Pipi.' Mr. Wilson was of Pembroke Hall, afterwnrd.i Canon of
\Viii(U«M-, Prelnndary «»f <Ilou^•l•^ter, and for mor«' than thirty years Rect«>r of Bir-
tirld, where he (lied in lhU4. " Though a boy in years and appearance," hay< Dr. Tom-
lit'f, " Mr. Pitt'a manners were formed and his behaviour lutnly. He mixed in con*
ver.salion with unutfected vivacity, and delivered hi» ^cntiments wifii lurfect ease,
etpially free from shyness and flippancy, and always with htnct attentii>n to propriety
uiid decorum. Lord Chatham, who C4)uld not but be aware of the powers of his son's
mind and underr«tan<ling, had encouraged him to talk without reserve upon every
subje ;, which frcipicntly afforded op|)ortunity for conveying useful information and
jiiot ncti'iiis of persons and things. When his Lordship's health would permit, ho
Mi-ver sutfi rt-d a d.iy to p.i:.- witltout giving instruction of some sort to his children,
{ o<l -< Mom V. ir!jiii;t reailin:;a chipter of \\U Hilite with them." See Memoirs, i. p. 4.
Ill lb M'T to lady Chatham in 177^, I^ird Chatham, whi> had taken his second son
v.it.i hull \\rife4. "They may all re>t satisftnl that Pitt is everything that can please.
11'* i.H a sweet ntle iNty, he i.n a i^eaaible, conversable, dis<Ti-et inin, sense or nonsense,
%er>r or pro^e. Homer, Mouse, taste, all ^hine alike, and draw perpetual applauses
from Papa and Mr. Wilson." vol. iii. p. -170.
CiEM. .Mao. Vol. XHL 4 D
570 Correspondence of the Earl 0/ Chatham, [Jsne,
The follov^ing letter from the Earl of Chatham to Dr. Addington* is the
one alhided to by Sir Walter Scott in his Diary^ May 24, 1808. (See
Lockhart*s Life of Scott^ vol. ix. second edition) which Lord Sidmooth
showed him when the poet dined with him at Richmond Park.
** Nov, 23, 1771. like a fanner abroad, I retam home tad
** Dear Sir,— I embrace with particu- eat like one. I rejoice that PuiiameBft
lar pleasure Lady Chatham's deputation, meets so late, for if I must go thither I
in acknowledging the favour of your very shall be induced
obliging letter to me. A small cold oc- ** discedere tristem
casions her committing her pen to my Quaodocunqne trahant invisa negotia Ro-
hand, which at present seconds well my
inclination to take it up, on such an oc- Your obliging inquiries justify all detaili
casion as writing to you. All your friends about health and regimen. iUe then goes
here, the flock of your land, are truly on admirably and agrees perfectly. My
sensible of the kind attention of the good reference for it too is increased, having jwl
shepherd. Our dear WiUiam has held out read in the manners of our remotest Cdtio
well on the whole. Pitt lives much abroad ancestors much of its antiquity and inYigo-
and grows strong; the hounds and the rating qualities. The boys all kmg for Ble*
gunaregreatdelights, without prejudice to seeing rapa drink it, but we do not try
literary pursuits. I sometimes follow him such an experiment. Such is the force <x
after a hare— longo sed proximus inter- example that I find I must watch myielf
yallo. My last fit of the gout left me as it in all I do, for fear of misleading; if your
had visited me, very mildly. I am many Mend William saw me smoke, he would
hours every day in the field, and as I live certainly call for a pipe,'* &c.
It is not easy to select from the many letters in the fourth Tolume
which describe the scenes of domestic life and rural enjoyment^
" the happier hour
Of lettered ease, but ill exchanged for power.*'
all of which present the great statesman and orator in the milder scene of
his private retirement, and surrounded with his parental affections ; bot we
must confine our extracts to those which seem to reflect the double image
of the father and the son, more pleasing by being placed in gentle contrBSt
together.
** Jam senior Peleus, nee adhuc maturus Achilles.*'
Lord Chatham saw with a father *s pride the early dawn and promise of
his son's rapidly expanding talents ; and the son held out to himself the
father's character, as the great model and example on which to form his
own.^ Disliked as he was by the sovereign he served, dreaded by the
party with whom he acted, looked on in the world either with awe or
distrust, it was in the bosom of his own family that the virtues of
Lord Chatham seemed to unfold and blossom as in a soil and atmosphere
they loved : the terrors of the statesman were laid aside, the thunders
of his voice and the lightning of his eye were quenched, and the purest
fountains of connubial love and paternal affection were permitted to flow
at will,
" Sic felix, simplexque domus, fraudumque malamm
Inscia, et hospitibus superis dignissima sedes.*'
* Dr. John Johnson, in his Life of Hayley, says, that '* during his residence at
Lyme in Dorsetshire, 1773, he became acquainted with the two sons of Lord Chatham.
William was then a wonderful boy of fourteen, who endeared himself not a little to
the poet by admiring his favourite horse, and by riding to show him several romantic
spots in the vicinity, where an earthquake is supposed to have produced a wOd and
beautiful singularity of appearance in the face of nature.'* Lord Chatham tmya in
one of his letters, '' It is a delight to see William see nature in her free and wild
compositions ; and I tell myself as we go that the general mother is not ■■*»»"*H of
her child. Indeed, my life, the promise of our dear diildren does me more good tfiaa
the purest of pure air,'* &c.
1840.]
Correspondence of the Bar! qf Chatham.
671
We must now pass on rather more rapidly than we could have wished,
to the time when William Pitt exchanged the paternal roof for the learned
shades of Cam, where his young laurels soon thickened round him. '* Al-
though/* says Dr. Tomline, who was one of his tutors, " he was little more
than fourteen when he went to reside at the university, and had laboured
under the disadvantage of frequent ill health, the knowledge which he
then possessed was very considerable ; and, in particular, his proficiency
in the learned languages was probably greater than was ever acquired by
any other person in such early youth. In Latin authors he seldom met
with difficulty, and it was no uncommon thing for him to read in English
six or seven pages of Thucydides, which he had not previously seen,
without more than two or three mistakes, and sometimes without one. It
was by I^rd Chatham's particular desire that Thucydides was the first
Greek book which Mr. Pitt read after he came to college. The only
other wish ever expressed by his Lordship relative to his son's studies was
he that 1 would read Polybius with him."*
The following letter, the second he wrote after his arrival at college, is
far too interesting and too honourable to the writer to withhold. In how
few years after, this yonth was then reading Qnintilian with his tutors,
was to be prime minister of England, and Arbiter ofthe destinies of Europe !
" Pembroke Hall, Oct, 15. 1773.
*• My dear father will, I hope, believe
that nothing could make me more happy
than his kind and pleasing letter; and is,
I truMt, assured that its flattering contents
must incite mc to labour in manly Tirtue
and useful knowledge, that I may be on
some future day worthy to follow in part
the glorious example always before my
eyes. How ill timed was the neglect of
the post, that could damp with any degree
of anxiety the rejoicings on the happy
ninth of October ! Our thoughts as ar-
dently hailed the auspicious day as your
renowned western luminary, who, I trust,
by tlie next morning, though he sunk that
night probably in a bowl of punch, —
* Had trirk'd his beams, and with new span-
gled ore
Flamed in the forehead of the momiog tky ; '
Sunday being the day which he usually
celebrates in the gold waistcoat. Lectures
in Quintilian will shortly call me away
from the pleasure of writing to you ; so
that I shall be able to add but little more.
You see by this that I am now fettled to
business ; and the tutors make a favoar-
able, I fear, a partial report to the master,
who has obligingly taken the trouble of
hearing me himself, and 1 tnut is not
wholly dissatisfied. Health smiles on my
studies, and a college life grows every day
more and more agreeable. I received yet*
terday another most kind letter from Bur-
ton, for which I am infinitely obliged. I was
very sorry to find that anything of goat
was felt, but I hope all those sensationi
are before now perfectly dispersed. I wu
in hopes to have had a few minutes to
write to my dear mother, and thank her
for her letter ; but 1 find I must defer it
to the next post. I therefore beg lee?e
to trouble you with my duty to her, as
well as love to brothers and sisters. Many
many thanks to the latter for their oblig-
ing epistles, which 1 wish 1 had time to
answer. I am, my dear father,
" Your dutiful and afiectionate son,
" W. PlTT."t
The Honble. Wm. Pitt to the Earl of Chatham :—
*• Pembroke Hall, July 3, 1774. tunity of beginning my weekly journal of
"My drarFathkr — As I consider my ('ambridge intelligence. The first article
last, which gave an account of our arriviU is, that college life hitherto agrees ex<xed-
hcre, as an extra letter, I take this oppor- ingly well, and pleases in the same degree.
* Vide Life of Pitt.
t Soon after this letter was written Mr. Pitt was attacked with a serious iUnesi,
which confined him near two months, and at last reduced him to so weak a state, that
after he was convalescent he was four days in travelling to 1/ondon. It was a crisie
in his constitution. Hy great attention to diet, exercise, and to early hours, he gra-
dually gained strength, and his health became progressively confirmed. At the age
of eighteen he was a healthy man, and he continued so for many years.
572
Correspondence of the Earl 6f Chatham.
[fme\
The society is not so much reduced as we
expected : but it will be somewhat thinner
in a short time. However, with regard
to tutors I think it is settled very well, as
either Mr. Farmer or Mr. Pretyman will
be here constantly through the summer.
They bad both proposed to be absent, but
when they heard I was coming, they rea-
dily altered their plan. The master, I
understand, intends to be at Margate part
of the summer ; but upon the whole, the
college will, I believe, not be empty, con-
sidering the time of year. I have as yet
made no new coffee-house acquaintances,
but I have been considerably entertained
by a paragraph in all the papers there,
that Lord Chatham was soon to make the
tour of Italy for the establishment of his
health. This letter I fear may scarce
reach you before your departure, hut I
hope not to be left ignorant of your future
direction : on which account I trust I
shall not be long without receiving a letter
that may give me some information.
However, if this good reas6n should fail,
there will be always other causes to pro-
duce the same effect, when the intelligence
" P. Hall, July 27, 1774.
" Dear Father, — To tell you that I
was made very happy by the receipt of
your letter, or how much I am obliged to
you for it, would be taking up your time
to no purpose. Therefore, without giving
you the trouble of reading what I trust
you are already assured of, I shall proceed
to give you satisfaction on one of the
points mentioned in your letter, by in-
forming you that broad daylight is the
constant witness to my conversations with
the Nine ; and that even in that period they
are not wooed with too mnch assiduity,
nor any one of them with partiality. Tbu-
cydides, Quintilian and philosophy share
in my attention. I know that you will
not be surprised to hear that the historic
muse captivates extremely ; but at the
same time I beg you to be persuaded that
neither she nor any of her sisters allure
me from the resolution of early hours,
which has been stedfastly adhered to, and
makes the academic life agree perfectly.
coDcems my dear father cfr any of hit
companions. I am not without hopM
that today's post may furnish me with
some account of them. I have this moming
for the first time mounted my horse, and
was accompanied by Mr. Wilson on his
beautiful cart-horse, who succeeds to ad-
miration. We find it by no means an
easy matter to get any grass for them, aa
most of the lands about this place con-
tinue enclosed no longer than the first of
August, being what are called lammaa-
grounds. Upon the whole, Mr. Wilson
and myself have found on a just calculation
that it will be full as cheap, and much
more convenient, to keep them in the
house, — the master having most obligingly
offered us the use of his stable, which is
close to the college. My duty to my
mother, and kind love to my sisters and
James. Here the dinner»bell brings this
scrawl to a conclusion, so that 1 must
beg you to excuse my assuring you in
haste, that I am, my dear father,
'* Your dutiful and affectionate son,
*• W. PlTT.'»
Quintilian I fiod an agreeable book, and
it is very methodical on the subject it
treats ; and the philosophical studies have
the same charm as formerly. In the in-
terval of these occupations, which is no
very small one, riding claims atteotion,
and Nutmeg performs admirably. Even
the solid shoulders of Peacock are not
without admirers : and they have jogged
Mr. Wilson into tolerable health and
spirits ; though at first the salutary exer-
cise had an effect that for some time pre-
vented his pursuing it. The rides in the
neighbourhood afford nothing striking, but
at the same time are not un))lca8ing when
one is a little used to a flat open country.
The com, which is ripening very fast, has
a pretty appearance, and there is a great
deal hereabouts. This, I think, is all upon
the article of farming, and after this there
remains only the favour of you to give
my duty to my mother, and love to sisters
and James, when you see him.
I am, &c. W. Pitt."
it
The Earl of Chatham to the Hon. William Pitt :—
''Hayes, Sept. 2, 1774.
** I write, my dearest William, the post
just going out, only to thank you for your
most welcome letter, and for the affec-
tionate anxiety you express for my situa-
tion, left behind in the hospital when our
flying camp moved to Stowe. Gout has
for the present subsided, and seems to
intend deferring his favours till winter, if
autunm will do his duty, and bless us with
a course of steady weather — those days
which Madame de Sevign6 so beautifully
paints, — * des jours fiMs d*or ct de soie.»
" I have the pleasure to tell you that
your mother and sisters returned perfectly
well from Bucks, warm in praises of mag-
nificent and princely Stowe, and full of
due sentiments of the agreeable and kind
reception they found there. No- less than
two damages in the short time they passed
there. One escape from a wasp** ^est,
which proved only an adventure to talk
1 8 10.]
Correapondence of the Earl of Chatham,
573
of, by the incomparable skill and presence
of mind of Mr. Cotton. Driving our girls
in his carriage with four very fine horses,
and no po>tilion, they fell into an ambus-
cade of wasps more fierce than Pandorus,
who beset these coursers of spirit, not
inferior to Xanthus and Podarges, and
stung them to madness. When disdaining
the master's hand, he turned them short
into a hedge, threw some of them, as he
meant to do, and leaping down seized the
bridles of the leaders, afforded time for
your sisters to get out safe and sound,
their honour in point of courage unhurt,
as well as their bones : for they are cele-
brated not a little on their composure in
this alarming situation. I rejoice that
your time passes to your mind in the
evacuated seat of the muses. However,
knowing that these heavenly ladies, unlike
the London fair, delight most and spread
their choicest charms and treasures in
Bweet and retired solitude, I do not wondei'
that their true votary is happy to be alone
with them. Mr. Pretyman will by no
means spoil company, and I wish you joy
of his return. How many commons have
you lost of late ? Whose fences have yon
broken ? and in what lord of the manor*!
pound have any tirayi qf science been
found, since the famous adventure of
catching the horses witli such admirable
address and alacrity.*
** I beg my affectionate compliments to
Mr. Wilson, and hope you will both beware
of an enclosed country for the future.
Little Jaines is still with us, doing pe-
nance for the Aiffh Hting so well described
to you in Mrs. Pam's excellent epistle.
All loves follow my sweetest boy in more
abundance than I have time or ability to
express. I desire my best compliments to
the kind and obliging master who loTei
Cicero and you.*'t
Wc now shall give a letter from Mr. Pitt to his mother, the Countess of
Chatham, describing the effect of Liord Chatham's speech, Jan. 20, 1775,
on a motion he made on America, when, to use his own words, " he
knocked at the door of a sleeping or confounded ministry,'* and on the
day previous to which he wrote to the Countess, "If gout does not put in
a veto, wliich I trust in Heaven it will not, I will be in the House of Lords
on Fridav, then and there to make a motion relative to America. Be of
good cheer, noble love — '
Yes, I am proud — I must be proud — to see
Men not afraid of God, afraid of me.
Look fresh and merrily to-morrow, and I will look to doors and wio-
clows," &c.
•• Bond St. Jan. 21, 1775.
*• My Dkar Mothkr — My Fnthcrinnow
gcttirikc up, and has had, I am told, a good
ni^ht. I have this minute been to him with
your nu'S!«agt*, which he cannot answer till
he is up and breakfasted, as he cannot
form hi^ rcsohition about coming till then.
In tlic Mirintime I offer a word or two in
answer to your letter. Nothing prevented
his npc< ch from Ix'ing tho most forcible
tint (Mil be imagined, and administration
fully flit it. Th<' matter and mi»ntT both
were ^triking far beyond what I can ex-
press. It was everything that was supe-
rior ; and though it had not the desired
effect on an obdurate House of Lords, it
must have an infinite effect without doort»
the bar being crowded with Americani,^
Btc. Lord Suffolk, I cannot say, answer-
ed him, but spoke after him. He vfas a
contemptible orator indeed, with paltry
mittrr, and a whining delivery. Lora
Shelburne spoke well, and supported the
motion warmly. XjotA Camden was 9U»
pretne with one only exception, and if
zcidoud as possible. I^ord Rockingham
• Tlii«« allude* to a letter from Mr. Pitt to his mother, August 21, relating an ad*
venture of turning the horse* over a hedge, who gallujyed away, leaving the reverend
tutor and the disconsolate pupil a mile behind, and too late for college commons.
t This alludes to a pansage in a previous letter of Mr. Pitt's. " During the iDtenral
of a liny or two before the arrival of the latter, (iJr. Pretyman,^ the master reed with
Mie some part of Ciecro de Sene(*tute, of which he is a great admirer.''
t Dr. Franklin was present on this memorable orcasion. as may be teen in bis
Memoirs. l>ord Chatham himself introduced him, taking him by the arm, and de-
li\ering him to the dtMirkeepers. said aloud, ** This is Dr. Franklin, whom I would have
mlinitted into the House.*' He said to Franklin, *' I am sure your presence at thi«
day's debate will be of more service to America than mine."
574
Correspondence of the Earl of Chatham,
[Jatfe,
spoke shortly but sensibly, and the Dnke
of Richmond well, and with much can-
dour as to the Declaratory Act. Upon
the whole it was a noble debate. The
Ministry were violent beyond expectation,
almost to madness. Instead of recalling
the troops therein, they talked of sending
more, &c. I can now tell you correctly
my father has slept well, without any
burning in the feet or restlessness. He
has had no pain, but is lame in one ankle
near the instep, from standing so long.
No wonder he is lame ; h!i iint smmIi
lasted mboTe an hour, and the tecond half
an hour, surely the two finest speedies that
ever were made before, unlew by him-
self.* He will be with you to d^er by
four o*clock. Adieu, my dear mother,
a thousand loves all around you. I wish
I had time and memory to give an aooount
of all I heard and all I felt. Tovr ever
dutiful son,
"W.Pitt."
We arc now approaching to a conclnsion of these singnlarly interesting let-
ters, in which the characters of Lord Chatham's eloquence are drawn, and
its effects witnessed and described^ by an orator in some points superior to
himself — his own accomplished son. Writing to his mother on Ixnrd
Chatham's second speech on the 30th May, for the cessation of hostili-
ties, he says —
" He spoke a second time in answer to
Lord Weymouth, to explain the object of
his motion, and his intention to follow it
by one for the repeal of all the acts of
Parliament, which form the system of
Charter-party. This he did in a flow of
eloquence, and with a beauty of expression
animated and striking beyond conception.
The various incidents of the debate you
will undoubtedly learn, so that I need not
detain you with an account of them.
You will, I think, also hear, that smong
the supporters of the motion. Lord Shel«
bume was as great as possible. His
speech was one of the most intereitiBg
and forcible I think that I ever heard, or
even can imagine. Lord Mansfield ap-
peared to me to make a miserable attempt
to mislead his hearers, and to cavil at the
question."
* These celebrated speeches were taken down by Mr. Hugh Boyd, and published by
Dodsley in the year 1779. We must extract one passage as a specimen of that style of
oratory which produced a powerful effect on a popular assembly when accompanied by
dignity of manner, form, and modulation of voice, and great animation and leal in the
cause that is maintained. ** When your Lordships look at the papers transmitted to us
from America, when you consider their decency, firmness, and wisdom, you cannot but
respect their cause, and wish to make it your own. For myself, I must declare and
avow, that in all my reading and observation — and it has been my favourite study— I
have read Tbucydides, and have studied and admired the master-states of the world —
that for solidity of reasoning, force of sagacity, and wisdom of conclusion, under such
a complication of difficult circumstances, no nation or body of men can stand in pre-
ference to the general Congress at Philadelphia. I trust it is obvious to your Lord-
ships, that all attempts to impose servitude upon such men, to establish despotism over
such a mighty continental na/ton, must be vain, must be fatal. We shall be forced
ultimately to retreat. Let us retreat while we can, not when we must« I say we
must necessarily undo these violent oppressive acts ; they must be rq^ealed^-fou witi
repeal them. I pledge myself for it, that you will in the end repeal them, I stake
my reputation on it. 1 will consent to be taken for an idiot, if they are not Jbudfy
repealed. Avoid then this humiliating disgraceful necessity. With a dignity be-
coming your exalted situation, make the first advances to concord and peace and
happiness, for that is your true dignity to act with prudence and justice ; that you
should first concede is obvious, from sound and rational policy. Concession comet with
better grace and more salutary effect from superior power ; it recondlei siq>eriority of
power with the feelings of men ; and establishes soUd confidence on the foundation of
affection and gratitude. So thought a wise poet, and a wise man in politieal sagacity —
the ftiend of Mecsenas, and the eulogist of Augustus. To him the adopted ton and
successor of the first Csesar, to him, the master of the worid, he wisely urged *K««
conduct of prudence and dignity — ^Tuque prior, tu parce, projice tela menu | • • •
To conclude, my Lords, if the ministers thus persevere in mindviiing and mi«i— jKw^
1 840.] Correspondence of the Earl of Chatham. 575
The following is the last letter which appears in the correspondence
addressed by Pitt to his father, who died in the May of the following
year.
" Pembroke Hall, Sept. 26, 1777. a solitary lamp in a gloomy cloister ; or
*'My Dear Father — If that employ- any other image of magistracy, than a
meat of your pea is the best which creates ragged corporation presiding over Stri^
tlie most sincere and genuine happiness, bitch fair, and performing the functions
it is indeed impossible even for you to that so long ago characterised their office.
employ it half so well as in addressing to ,» wx-. j- *t
me* those most kind and welcome lines, " ^ "^^""^ ^^ ^'^'^' Z'f^ "J^'^ ..
which have afforded me such singubir sa- ^^*^^> pannosus vacms «diUs ulabns. -
tisfaction, and I am sure it is as impossi- By a letter from Harriet, the other day,
ble for mine to employ itself so naturally I learn that you have had the happiness of
or agreeably as by indulging the overflow- hearing from the sailor. I hope he it
ings of joy, and carrying the warmest tri- as prosperous in his element of water, ■■
bate of thanks to the source fr6m whence Lord Mahon in his of fire. We have not
they had issued. Your pen cannot revive had a word of news here. So that I am
without reviving with it a thousand at- confined strictly to my ancient politicly
tendant pleasures and advantages. Rhe- though not without some impatience to
torics, politics, and ethics, seem already relieve my suspence by an excursion into
to shew me more consideration, having these modern times, which, however, the
such credentials with me ; at least from silence of the Gazettes, &c. denies me*
some cause or other, from them and every I am called away by the irresistible ram-
other channel, since the receipt of your mons of a dinner bell, which on an ere§9d
letter, I derive double satisfaction. 1 am inff day, as this is, with a time of in*
very sorry to be at a distance, for the creased solemnity, requires my presence
speculative Lord Mahon is to exhibit on in the hall to do justice to the character of
Friday,'*' which has every thing to interest a collegiate, more weighty on this occaaioii
the eye and the mind. The magistrates of than even your own of a farmer. Adieu t
such a city, seeing such a flame disarmed then, my dear father, and believe the hastj
of its terror, present themselves to my scrawl which assures you how sincerely I
imagination, though in the objects near am ever your dutiful and affectionate ioiiv
me I have nothing to aid my idea of so '* William Pitt.**
superb an illumination but the dimness of
We shall end by giving two specimens of Lord Chatham's poetical
|)owcrs. While on a visit at Mount Edgecumbe, Garrick received
the following poetical invitation from Lord Chatham to visit Barton
Pynseut.
" Leave, Garrick, the rich landscape, proudly gay,
Docks, forts, and navies brightening all the way ;
To my plain roof repair, primeval seat,
Yet there no wonders your quick eye can meet,
Save should you deem it wonderful to find
Ambition cured, and an impassion'd mind,
the King, I will not say that they can alienate the affections of his sabjecta from hit
crown ; but I will affirm, that thif will make the eretvn not worth hit wearing, I
will not say that the King is betrayed, but i will pronounce that the kingdom is undoneP*
* Among the ingenious discoveries of Lord Mahon (after Lord Stanhope), waa a
method of renderiog buildings fire-proof. So confident was he in the efficacy of his
plan, that he erected in the park at Chevening a wooden building, in the upper story
of which he invited a party of scientific friends, to partake of ices and other refresh-
ments, and then lighted an immense bonfire in the room below, and on one fide of Cho
house. A full account of the invention and experiment was published in the Phil.
Transactions for 1778, and republished in the Annual Register of thefoUowing rear.
*' Had our dear friend,'* writes Lord Chatham, ** been bom sooner, Nero and the
second Charln conld never have amused themjelvei by rediiciii( to ashes tbo two
noblest cities of the world.*'
576 Correspondence of ihe Earl of Chatham, [June,
A statesman without power and without gall.
Hating no courtiers, happier than them all.
Bound to no yoke, nor crouching for applause,
Votary alone to freedom and the laws.
Herds, flocks, and smiling Ceres deck our plain,
And interspersed an heart-enlivening train
Of sportive children frolic o'er the green ;
Meantime pure love looks on and 'consecrates the scene.
Come, then, immortal spirit of the Stage,
Great Nature's proxy, glass of every age,
Come taste the simple life of Patriarchs old,
Who, rich in rural peace, ne'er thought of pomp or gold."
'* I am charmed with your verses," writes Lord Lyttelton, '* which I
have sent to Garrick, who will answer them himself. I will only say
about them, that it would have been thought unconscionable in Cicero, if
he had made verses as well as Catullus or Horace. It is usarpatioo in
you to go ou^ of your province, and because you do not rule the state, as-
sume a domipion over Mount Parnassus/* &c. Garrick writes in return,
*' Indeed, my Lord, you have put my wits to a severe trial, and it is some
small compliment to them that my vanity has not overset them. The only
excuse I can possibly make for not sooner acknowledging the great
honour conferred on me is, that I did not find my mind sufficiently settled
to appear before your Lordship, though I am thoroughly bumbled as a
poet, and not a little as an actor, more enquiries being made after the
verses addressed to noe, than after Lear or Macbeth/' &c. iv. p. 196.
The subjoined verses are addressed by Mr. Pitt to Harriet, wife of
Richard Elliot, Esq. grandfather to the present Earl of St. Germains. Thb
Lady was married in 1 726, and had three children at the age of nineteen.
Mr. Pitt being one day in company with Mrs. Elliot, in a house in the
country, withdrew from the conversation to an adjoining window, and
being asked by her what he was doing, replied — *' Drawing your picture.
Madam,*' and immediately recited these verses : —
'^ To view that airy mien, that lively face.
Where youth and spirit shine with every grace,
We form some sportive nymph of Phoebe's train.
Some sprightly virgin of the sacred plain.
But, lo I a happy progeny proclaim
Love's golden shafts, and Hymen's genial flame.
So the gay orange in some sylvan scene,
Blooms fair and smiles with never fading green,
Her flowery head with vernal beauty crown'd.
Speaks tender youth, and sheds perfume around,
While fruits ambrosial deck the lovely tree,
The heavenly pledge of blest maturity.
In pleasing contrast with surprise we sing
The fruits of autumn and the bloom of spring.'*
1810.]
;>//
THE CHURCH OF HOO ST. WERBURGA, KENT.
(H'ith a View.)
THE Hundred of Hoo is a small
district of five parishes, lying between
the rivers Thames and Medway, on
the opposite bank to Brompton and
Gillinghara, well-known places a little
l)eyond Chatham. The extreme por-
tion of the same tongue of land con-
sists of salt marshes, known as the
Isle of Grain, or Grean. Hasted
(who wrote about sixty years ago)
after quoting an ancient distich, some-
where preserved by Holinshed, viz.
He that rides into the Hundred of Hon,
Besides pilferiug seamen, will find dirt
enou ;
pronounces the same to be
' ' A very true saying of it at this time.
Formerly it used to be noted for the
wealth of the yeomen who inhabited it, but
there are now few but bailiffs and lookers
wlio live in it ; the farmers and occupiers
of the lands dwelling at Rochester and
Stroud, and elsewhere. Nor is there a
gentleman's house, or a clergyman resid-
ing in it, owing to the depth of the soil,
the dirtiness of the roads, and the un-
wholesome air from the neighbouring
marshes.'*
It is satisfactory to know that the
improvements of the last half century
have wrought a considerable change
in this miserable picture. At present,
not only are the roads as good as any
in England, but the Hundred contains
wealthy yeomen, who live upon the
lands they cultivate. There are also
resident clergymen, and several re-
spectable private residences. Still,
there arc no mansions of large landed
proprietors ; although some of the an-
cient manor-houses are still existing,
(jccnpied as farm-houses.
The whole Hundred of Hoo was
originally one manor, and it is sur-
veyed as such in Domesday Book. It
seems to have been royal demesne in
the Saxon times, for in the year 738
Edbert King of Kent gave to the
church of St. Andrew at Rochester
ten plough-lands in Hou, called
Stoches (which gave name to the present
parish of Sioke). Shortly before the
Conquest, the manor of Hou be-
longed to Earl Godwin ; it was given
to the Conqueror's half-brother Odo
Bishop of Baieux, and after his dis-
grace it appears to have remained in
the Crown, until granted, in exchange,
to the family of Bardolph in the reign
of Richard the First.
It is supposed that the first church
founded in the manor was that
of St. Werburga*, the present struc-
ture of which is represented in oar
Plate. It is situated at the southern
side of the district, not far from
the Medway, and its spire is a con-
spicuous object from Rochester and
Chatham, as well as a useful point of
sight in the navigation of the river.
Hasted (folio, i. 568) apparently on
the authority of Sir Edw. Twysden'a
MSS. remarks, that " there are two
parishes mentioned in the Textus Rof'
fentu, by the names of Ordnufre§
circt de Hou, and Deremannet circe de
Hou, which certainly mean this pa-
rish {St. Mary's) and that of Alkal-
lowM adjoining. I should imagine the
former was the name belonging to this
parish of St. Mary."
The names referred to will be found
at p. 230 of Hearne's edition of the
Textus RofTensis, in the cap. 213,
which enumerates the number of
churches in the diocese of Rochester,
and the rents paid by each when they
received the holy crisra from the
mother church of the diocese. The
churches all paid Qd, and the chapelt
6rf. Thus—
" Sancta Wereburh de Hou ix den.
Derewoldes treow ix den. Ordmsret
* Tlie dedication of this church being unusual! and its patroness an English Saint*
it may be requisite to say that St. Werburi(;a was the daughter of Wulpbere the second
Christian Kint( of Mcrcia, by Ermenilda, who was also canonised, daughter of Er«
rombrrt King of Kent ; and great-great-granddaughter of Ethelbert the first Christiai
King of Kent. She was married to her cousin Ceolred, son of Etbelred King of
Mercia. St. Etheldreda of Ely was her aunt ; as was St. Kenebm*ga. Tbeshnne of
St. Werburga still remains in Chester cathedral, surrounded with the figures of these
and her other relations ; a description of which may be seen in Onnerod's Cheshire,
vol. i. p. 250.
Gent. Mao. Vol. XIII. 4 E
578
Church of Hoo St. Werburpa, Kent.
[Jane,
circe de Hou ix den. Dodes circe ix den.
Deremannes circe de Hou ix den."
Again, among the cbapels —
«' Capella de Hou vi den."
In the former passage we find men-
tioned about Hoo, besides Ordmser
and Dereman, two other personages
of the earliest times in topographical
history, Derewold and Dode or Dodo.
It would be desirable to ascertain
when these several personages flou-
rished ; but what church was desig-
nated by the name of Derewoldes
treow seems now to be forgotten.
Possibly " Dodes circe" is a name de-
rived from Bishop Odo of Baieuz, the
Conqueror's half-brother, who was
lord of the manor of Hoo at the
Domesday survey ; but which church
is intended does not appear.
There seems, however, to be little
or no difficulty in identifying the
founder of "Ordmaeres circe" with
" Ordmerus nepos Wolwardi," who
gave the tithes of Rundale and
Twonge, in the parish of Shome, to
the church of Rochester; he was
nephew or grandson (nepos) of Wol-
ward surnamed Henry, who had pre-
viously given to the monastery tithes
in the parish of St. Mary in Hoo:
'* — item decimas in parochia sancte
Marie in Hoo, ex done Wolwardi cogno-
vine Henrici ; item decimas de Rundale
et Twonge in parochia de Shorn, ex dono
Ordraeri nepotis dicti Wolwardi.***
A connection being thus traced be-
tween Ordmser, who is elsewhere ge-
nerally called Smaleman of Shorne,i*
and Henry Wolward of Combe in the
parish of St. Mary, Hoo, It may cer-
tainly be fairly presumed that " Ord-
mseres circe" was that of St. Mary.
The name of Henry the Wlfward
carries us back into a very early state
of things. This designation did not
arise, as might be imagined, from its
owner being a diligent warehouse-
man, the collector or keeper of the
wool of the district, but from his act-
ing in the more arduous office of
^ ' I ■ I — — M .1 II ■ Wl^— ^^^M^— — M^H^^B !■■■■ — ^M^^M^^^,^ ^^
* Thorpe's Registrum Roffense, p. 133.
t In various documents (Reg. Roff.
pp. 47. 59, 87, 117, 52iJ, 5290 the
tithes of Rundale and Twonge are stated
to have been the gift of Smaleman de
Sbornes.
guarding the country from itwivef . In
Uie great authority for matters relat-
ing to the church of Rochester, the
Textus Roffensis, his name appears
under the form of the Wlfward of Hoa,
named Henry. When his hunting
days were over, he became a monk of
the monastery, and on that occasion
gave it all his tithes at Cobham ; and
at another time he bestowed on the
house half his tithe of Hon, which
portion was subsequently called, from
his manor in Hoo, the Combe portion,
and still belongs to the Dean and
Chapter of Rochester, being let (by
the lessee) in 1773 for I3l. per ann.
(Hasted, i. 570.)
** Wlfuuardus de Hou, cognomine Hen-
ricu8| accepit societatem Monachonim
ecclesise Sancti Andres, pro qua dedit eis
totam decimam suam de Cobbieham. Pos-
tea vere alia vice decimam suam de Hon
dimidiam concessit eis, et terdam partem
suae substantise post mortem suam. Qnod
uxor illins, et filius suns Rodbertus, et
fratres sui, Herewardus videlicet et Si-
wardus et Edwardus, libentissime conces-
senmt." (Textus Roffensis, cap. 105.)
We are here presented with the names
of several of the relations of Henry
the Wolf- ward ; and we are again told
of Siward of Hou, and of his wife, in
another place.
" Eilnothus de Hou dedit i««Hiinim
valentem xv«.
** Lienrnn uxor Si ward! de Hon dedit
mariscum valentem zl#." (Reg. Roff.
p. 116.)
These benefactions are stated to have
been made " after the Conqaest." Be-
sides the Wolf-ward's nepo» Ord-
mser, we also hear of a niece, named
Ordiva, a lady who always faitbfiilly
attended all the rites of the church at
Rochester, with the whole of her
family.
" Quedam matrotoa neptis Wlnordi
Henry, nomine Ordiva, dedit dedmaa
de quadam terra sua in Cobeham, que
vocatus Bethenecurt. Que domina com
omni familia sua solita erat venire ad
Rofam percipere omnes rectitudines tuas,
ut est de confessione et oonmumkmey et
ceteris.'* (R^. Roff. p. 1S2.)
The "Bethenecurt" here mentioned
should evidently be read Bechenecnrt,
being the same with Beechingcoart (of
Beechencourt) mentioned by Hasted
under the parish of Shome. (i. 613.)
We are told of yet ano^r ffwmbw
1840.]
Church of Hoo Si. fVerburga, Kent.
of tbe same pious family, by the name
of Henry of Taange, who confirmed
the gift of the tithes of Taange» or
Thong, in Shorne, made by his grand-
father Smalman or Ordmser.*
So much for the church and family
of Ordmaer. The name of Dereman
we find owned by Walter Dereman
who, by a charter without date, gave
to the church of Rochester two acres
of marsh, lying between his marsh of
Delce (which is in the parish of St.
Margaret's Rochester), and the marsh
formerly belonging to the monks.
(Reg. Roff. p. 536.)
On the whole, it would appear that
those churches of Ordmser and Dere-
man were founded during the first half-
century after the Conquest. The ear-
liest date connected with the persons
mentioned, that can be gathered from
the confirmatory charters, is from a
confirmationf of Henry Wlfward's gift
of the Combe portion of tithes in Hoo,
granted by Bishop Gundulph in the
year 1091. We have thus ascertained
a very early date for the church,
or chapel, of St. Mary in Hoo;
and, whatever that date may be,
we know a still earlier must be as-
signed to that of St. Werburga. In
a charter of Laurence bishop of Ro-
chester dated in 1274, the chapeU of
Halstow and Hoo St. Mary are
stated to have been tributary to their
mother church of St. Werburga, from
beyond memory —
<* Capellas de Halgestowe et sanctse
Mariee de Hoo nostrs dice, a tempore
cujus non exstat memoria, pensionarias
fuisse ecclesise sanctse Werburgse de Hoo,
scil. nostrse dice, tanquam suae matrici
ecclesise, capella viz. de Halgestowe in
duabus marcis, et capella sanctse Marisein
dimid. marc."
which payments the bishop then con-
firmed 4
About twenty- one years before, the
same bishop had appn
church of St. Werburga, — w wj
chapel of Allhallows was unit
more closely than the two chap
noticed ; for master William de j
feld, the last Rector of Hoo, ha^
sessed '' ecclesitoi sancte Werl
Hoo cum capella Omnium
torum,*' — to the prior and conv
Rochester, on the plea of incr
their means of hospitality in
almonry.§ This appropriation
confirmed by a bull of Pope j
ander.li
At the taxation made in the pro
of Canterbury by the bishops of .
coin and Winchester,ir (com
known as Pope Nicholas's taxa
the church of Saint Werburga 1
rated at 20/. and that of All Hall<
at 6/. 13#. 4rf. ; the vicar of tl
united parishes received the same
at which the latter was valued,
whole 20Z. going to the priory. jx%
the same time the other churches in
the hundred were thus rated. £ 9. (f.
Ecclesia de Stoke 8 0 0
Vicarius ejusdem 4 13 6
Eccl'ia B'e Marie in Hoo 10 0 0
Kccl'ia de Hilgestowe 13 6 8
In the year 1337 bishop Hamo de
Hethe accorded new ordinations of
both the vicarages of St. Werburga
and All Hallows. At St. Werburga's
the rectory manse with its lands and
the glebe meadow of the church, and
all tithes of corn as well from lands
dug by the foot (ierrispedefosais, from
which we may infer some spade hus-
bandry was then in practice,) as from
those cultivated by the plough, were
to remain to the religious of the
priory of Rochester; and they were
to bear the burthen of repairing the
chancels and rectory houses, and of
furnishing a lamp in the church accord-
ing to ancient custom**, and also of
furnishing books, vestments, and other
» Hasted, i. 512, quotmg Selden's Tythes, p. 317. t Reg. Roff. p. 87.
t Reg. Roff. p. 403. The document is printed again under Hoo, p. 422, where the
last word should be quarto not quinto, for Bishop Lawrence de St. Msurtin died before
the termination of the twenty '/our/A year of his episcopate.
§ Ibid. p. 421. II Printed ibid. p. 422. f Ibid. p. 108.
** By a charter without date, Robert Bardolph, who was Lord of the manor of Hoo,
had given to the church of St. Werburga all his land called Elwruetche, adjoining his
field called liese, and half an acre of land lying between Wylehfeld (i.e. probably, the
580
Church of Uoo St. Werburga, Kent.
[Jane.
ornaments not belonging to the due of
the parishioners, except only surplices,
rochets, albs, and other linen habits
and ornaments (which it is after-
wards stated were the part of the
yicar) ; and were besides to give the
vicar, from the rectory granges, when
they sowed wheat one quarter thereof,
when palm barley one quarter thereof,
and when peas two bushels thereof,
for porridge, and also a cart-load
of straw for his bed ;* all to be carried
and delivered at his house. The Vicar
was to enjoy, for his portion, the
vicarage manse, with its adjoining
garden and yard, and all tithes of
rushes, hay, lambs, wool, calves,
cheese and milkmeats, pigs, geese, flax,
hemp, mills, dovecotes, falling wood,
eggs, fruit, bees, curtilages, rabbits,
fisheries, gardens, pannage, herbage,
fowlings, businesses, and all per-
sonal tithes whatsoever, and offerings
at funerals (mortuaries) in the parishes
of the churches of St. Mary and Hal-
ghestoo, and other parishes of the
churches in Hoo, which, from old cus-
tom, were bound to bring their dead
for interment to the churchyard of St.
Werburga, {quorum corpora ex antiqua
consuetudine in ciineterio dicte ecclesie
tancte Werhurge ieneantur et debeant
tepelirt) and all other offerings what-
soever. The Vicar was to bear the
charge of procurations to the Arch-
deacon of Rochester ; and was to pro-
vide the linen surplices, &c. and the
repair of his house and of the books,
vestments, &c. before mentioned as
provided by the religious ; also to pro-
vide bread and wine for the sacrament
of the altar, processional tapers, and
other lights of the ministers of the
church, and other necessaries for di-
vine worship not due from the pa-
rishioners. At the time of this ordi-
nation Sir John Reginald, of Chatham,
was the vicar.f
On the rating of the Valor Eccleai-
asticus in the reign of Henry VIII. the
farm of the rectory of Hoo, parcel of
the property of the Priory of Roches*
ter, together with the glebe lands and
fixed rents there, was returned at
17/. 16». ; and the value of the Tica-
rage, of which Thomas Shawe was
incumbent, was 18/. I3t. 6d.l a pro*
portion much more favourable than
ordinary to the "working" clergy-
man. The monastery of Boxley had
a valuable manor in Hoo, which, with
its appurtenances in the marshes, was
worth the yearly sum of 23/. 3«.§ ; and
other ecclesiastical foundations, as
Dartford priory, and the College of
Cobham, possessed property within
the hundred.
In the reign of Queen Anne the
clear yearly value of this vicarage
was 46/. 3s, and it was consequently
discharged from the payment of tenths.
The net income returned in 1831 was
395/. The present incumbent is the
Rev. Daniel Francis Warner, B.D. of
Magdalen hall, Oxford, Head Master of
the King's School, Rochester, who was
presented by the Dean and Chapter,
and instituted on the 6th Jan. 1836. .
The present Church of St. Werburga
of Hoo is a very spacious structure,
consisting of a nave, north and south
ailes (both of ample dimensions), a
chancel, a tower and spire at the west
end, and porches both on the nortli
and south, the latter being now con*
verted into a vestry.
The external length of the nave is
about seventy feet, and that of the
chancel about thirty-seven feet ; the
width of the former about sixty-eight
and a half feet, and that of the latter
about twenty-six feet. The height of
the tower is 55 feet ; that of the spire
(which is covered with shingles,) 60
feet, and from its point to the summit
of the ball is 7 feet more, making a
willow -field) and the land of Hugh son of Eawhel — for his soul, and the soul of Hugh
his brother, his ancestors and successors, to find a lamp to bom every night before toe
altar of St. Werburga, where the body of Christ was placed. Registr. Roff. p. 435.
* *' Pro lectistemio/' which Hasted has translated ** for litter for his cows,*' but
it was the litter for the parson*8 own couch.
t See the original ordination in Registnun Roffense, p. 424, and in pi. 433 the ordi-
nation of the church of All Hallows. The former is improperly headed *' QrdiDslio
Secunda,'' for it is prior in order of date (though in the same year) as well u import-
ance.
t Valor Ecclesiasti. 102, lOD. ( Ibid. 79.
1 840.]
Church of Hoo St. Werburga, Kent.
total of 122 feet from the ground. The
spire of Hoo has been fired by light-
ning, some say three times, but cer-
tainly twice ; that is, on the 2nd Aug.
1822, and again on the 5th June
1837. A great crack down the tower
is a memorial of the former catastro-
phe. On the last occasion the fire
was extinguished after it had destroyed
some yards of the upper part of the
spire. There is now a lightning con-
ductor, which is carried down the west
front of the tower.
The style of the building is uniform
throughout, and of the Decorated pe-
riod, with the exception of the chancel,
which is somewhat later, and must be
classed as Perpendicular. It appears
from arches now filled up at the ex-
tremities of both the ailes, that they
each originally extended further to-
wards the east.
The tower contains a very musical
peal of six bells, cast in 1825, 1641,
1662, 1738, 1781, and 1558 j this last
has round it the legend "By me
Gyles Reve* Bell founder." There is a
rose, surmounted by a crown on it,
together with a griffin or lion.
The tower is parallel with the walls
of the ailes, excepting a staircase turret
at its north-west angle, the form of
which is octangular. Its parapet is
embattled, as is that of the tower.
At the eastern angle of the north aile
is another small staircase turret, which
is now blocked up. The church is
now entered by the north porch, which
is wide, and has a small unglazed
window on each side the door. Its
parapet is embattled, but it is the only
portion of the north side of the church
which remains so ornamented ; on the
south side the embattled parapet re-
mains perfect.
The windows of the church are all
of the original architecture of the
building, and their mullions exhibit
various elegant designs of Decorated
tracery ; they also contain considerable
remains of the stained glass, with
which all of them were filled. The re-
maining portions consist * chiefly of
architectural canopies, pinnacles, &c.
and there are several heads, both male
and female ; but no entire subject
remains, except in the great east win-
dow, in the upper lights of which may
be recognised the figures of CI
crowning the Church, ^and also
shield of arms, Barry argent and az
In the south aile is again the same c
and in the windows of the north .
are these : —
1. Or, three hands erect azure, ]
of a label with a black-letter leg
below, .. ..ecmpe.
2. Vaire (apparently).
In the east window of that aile,
1. Barry argent and azure.
2. Argent, three bars azure, ea
charged with two fleurs de lis or. * :
3. Barry argent and azure, a ben^
or (or of the first) . '
It is also evident that the whole of
the interior of the building was painted
in fresco. The nave is on each sid6
divided from the ailes by three corre-,
spondent pointed arches, rising froni
circular columns, which /have pluia
moulded capitals. The clerestory win-
dows above them are large and bold,
and throw a fine flood of light into
the interior of the edifice : they are
square-headed. The arched beams
supporting the roof of the nave rise
from timber pilasters ornamented with
grotesque heads, to some of which
are added plain shields. On a square
painted tablet in the gallery is this
record : — "This Church was Ceiled in
the year of our Lord 1786. John
Waine & Thomas Day, Church-
wardens."
The font is a plain octangular basin,
resting on a base of the same form.
In the chancel, south of the altar,
are three sedilia, each having a uni-
form canopy of cinquefoil tracery, and
they are divided by two light columns
of Purbeck (or Bethersden) marble ;
eastward of them is a small niche or
closet, with a correspondent head.
Against the screen, within the chan-
cel, have been six wooden stalls, of
which the three on the north side have
given way to a pew ; but those on the
south remain. At their backs are
holes perforated to the nave.
Fixed on the west wall, above the
singing gallery, are the royal arms,
somewhat singularly displayed in two
distinct correspondent paintings, on
panel, alike dated
1 6
J R 0 7
At the neighbouring church of Cuiton is a bell by the same founder or his son.
582
Church of Hoa St. fVerburga, Kent.
[Jane,
One of them contains the quarter-
ings of France and England only, with
the old sapporters of Queen Elizabeth,
the lion and dragon; the other has
France and England quarterly in the
first and fourth quarters, quartering
Scotland and Ireland, and for sup-
porters the lion and unicorn. Each is
without crest, but surmounted by a
crown, and surrounded with the Gar-
ter; and the motto below, Dieu bt mon
Droit.
On the same wall is affixed a board
recording several Benefactors, as fol-
lows : —
" A Table of Benefactions to the Pa-
rish of St. Werburgh, otherwise Hoo, in
Kent. Erected anno 1781.
"Thos. Walker of the Parish of St. Wer-
burgh, Hundred of Hoc in Kent, Yeo-
man, by his will dated 21 August 1639,
and proved at Rochester, 24 April 1640,
gave to Tbos. Fearness and to his heirs
for ever, the house that he then dwelt in,
with two parcels of land thereunto be-
longing, eight acres more or less, always
provided that the said Thos. Fearness, his
heirs, executors and assigns, should pay
yearly out of the said house and land,
fifty shillings by the year for ever at the
feast days of the birth of our Lord God,
and the first day of Whitsuntide in the af-
ternoon, at the Church porch of St. Wer-
burgh, to the Churchwardens and Over-
seers for the poor of the Parish of St. Wer-
burgh aforesaid, to be distributed to the
poor of the said Parish according to the
discretion of the said Churchwardens and
Overseers for the time being, five and
twenty shillings on each day.
** The said Testator also gave to John
Fearness a parcel of land called Puckles,
which his father purchased of Mr. Dam-
port, containing 24 acres more or less,
provided that the said John Fearness, his
heirs or assigns, should pay yearly for ever
the sum of fifty shillings at the feast days
aforesaid, to the said Churchwardens and
Overseers immediately after evening
prayer, in the Chiurch porch aforesaid, to
be distributed to the poor of the said
Parish at the discretion of the said
Churchwardens and Overseers for the
time being, five and twenty shillings on
each day. And in default of payment of
the annuities, the Churchwardens and
Overseers have power to enter upon the
premises and hold the same until the
arrears thereof shall be paid.
** Note. The house in which the Testa-
tor dwelt, and the two parcels of land
thereto belonging, are situate upon the
hill, near the windmill in Hoc, and tlie
same are now the property and in the oc-
cupation of Wm. Gilbert.
** The parcel of land called PncUM liei
near Dean Gate in Hoo, was late the es-
tate of Robert Carl, deceased, and now
belongs to his children, and with other
lands in the occupation of James PeUiam,
as under tenant to Tobias Hammond."
There remain in this Charch seTe*
ral ancient sepulchral memorials^ par-
ticularly brasses, of which a coociae
account will here be sufficient, as the
inscriptions of most of them will be
found in the series of Church notes
appended to Thorpe's Custumale Rof-
fense, p. 4/1.
In the nave is a brass slip to the
memory of John Beddyll, who died T
June 1500.
Also two small figures of men in
gowns, with hanging sleeves and
pointed shoes, their hands in prayer,
to the memory of Stephen Charlis and
Richard Charlis, the latter of whom
died 28 June, 1446.
At the entrance of the chancel a
similar small figure, standing on a
dog, the inscription now gone.
In a row before the altar rails these
five stones : —
1. A man between two wives, the
plates removed.
2. A half-length priest, to John
Broun, vicar; but probably about
1450, as it closely resembles that of
William Gysborne, Vicar of Faming-
ham (no date).
3. Figures of Mr. James Plamley,
" who lived in the parsnig of thb pa-
rish," and died Aug. 26, 1646, and
Ann his wife. They are represented
standing with their hands joined in
prayer; he bareheaded, in a cloak,
doublet, and shoes ; his wife in a hat
and raff. Below are groups of three
sons and four daughters, dressed like
their parents.
4. A fine figure of a priest, his head
now gone ; to the memory of Richmrd
Bayly, vicar, 1412.
5. A single slip of brass, and now
gone.
Within the altar rails is a brass
plate of a whole-length figure, turning
to the right, with hands in prayer, to
the memory of Dorothye, wife of John
Plumley, who died in 1615. «' Dona
by James Plumley ber soq/'
1840.]
t^hurck o/Hoo Si. Werburga, Kent.
&83
In the south aile are the figures in
hrass of Thomas Cobham esquire* who
died on the 8th June, 1465, and Ma-
tilda his wife. He is represented in
armour, with a sword suspended from
a belt in front. The Isdy is in a wim-
ple, long mantle and cordon, and a
little dog at her feet. Their hands are
raised in prayer. Four small shields
have been removed from the corners
of the stone.* This member of the dis-
tinguished house of Cobham, probably
resided at the manor-house of Bell-
uncle, in the parish of Hoo.
Near this is the most ancient me-
morial in the Church, a stone carved
with a cross flory, five feet in length,
of which a representation is here
given.
One other sepulchral stone is re-
corded by Thorpe, as existing in tht
north aile, but it is either now rt-
moved, or concealed by pews. lit
inscription was
" Of yo' charitie pray for the ioule
of W*in Alton and Gelyane bis wifo, and
all his wifet ioiilet, his childrens souks
and ail chrystya scull. Jh'u have m *cL*'
"All the wives" of this person
were /our in number, but their figurek
and that of himself were gone, but
those of his fifteen children remained.
Near the Cobham monoment is a
stone with these quaint verses, whkh
Thorpe has not printed.
" Here lyeth the body of Joseph Mffler
now at rest.
Whose soul with Crist wee hope is Uest,
Long sfter him wee shall not stay.
Let us prepare against that day.
He lieth here under this heap of dust,
Waiting the resurrection of tiie just.
He was the sonn of Joseph & Hamiali
Miller, who departed this lilb the 10 of
January 1678, aged 7 years.**
This inscription is engraved on a
solid stone in capitals; and there is
only one other of that period, to Tha-
mar, wife of Edw. Holmwood, G«it.
and daughter of Edward Blagrave,
Gent, who died 6th Sept. 1677, aged
37 years.
llie remainder are comparativeljr
modern. There is a tablet in the south
aile to the memorv of the Rev. Tbo«
MAS Thompsoic , B.D. Rector of 8ta-
plehurst and Vicar of this parish, who
died the 38th March 1786, aged 74 s
and two others thus inscribed,
''Sacred to the memory of Lieut*
Cbaelxs JoanAN,R.N. who, after hav*
ing si|nalised himself by his gaUaat eon-
duct m the West Indies, was unhappflj
shipwrecked in the North Seas in tba
month of Dec. 1779, aged 39. This tab-
let is erected to his memory by his asoit
aisctionate brother, Ridiaro Jofdn»
A.M. l^car of this parish."
'* To the memoryof the Rev. RiOKaa*
JoauAN, A.M. Viear of MouuHUy,
in the eouaty of Susmbk^ Chspiata to
the Most NoUe the Marquess Caadao,
Senior Mhior CoMu of the CaOednl
Church of Rochester, and 84 years Yiear
of this parish. He died at RodMster 91
Aaa. 1835, and was buried in tb^ vanlt
of his Htfher in the parish ehurdi of
Bfaidstone, in the 77th year of his sge."
Of all the ancient popnlatton wte
once pursued their dailv toil in tlia
peninsula of Hoo, and who as we art
told were accustomed to bring all thair
dead for interment in thb dmrdu
yard, almost the only remaining mo«
«.- engranng of tnese orssses is incimiea in wo marmm v. «r^-rr''*^T!^TT^
the famUy of CoSiam, (chiefly ffom the Collegiate Church of Cobhass,) wUeh I am
oow preparing for pabUeation.^^. G« N.
5S4
The Arrangements of the State Paper Office.
[Jnne,
numents are the spacious church in
which they once worshipped, and a
large and very picturesque yew-tree,
the girth of which is full twenty feet.
On an old upright stone on the out-
side of the south-east corner of the
south aile this epitaph is in good pre-
servation :
" Here lyelih the body of Robt. Scott,
of y* parish, yeoman, and Mary his wife,
and 6 children. He departed this life the
24th Dec. 1677, aged 70 years; and she
departed this life the 24th Dec. 1681,
aged 47 years."
Near the north-east corner of the
chancel is an upright stone
" In memory of William White, of
this Parish, Yeoman, who was on Sunday
evening, the 11 Dec'. 1808, most barba-
rously murdered in the bosom of his af-
flicted family, by a gun discharged at him
thro* a window, whilst sitting by his fire-
side. The perpetrator of this horrid deed
is not yet discovered, but there is one
'* Who is about our path and about our
bed, and who spieth out all our ways,"
who will sometime bring it to light. He
lived esteemed by all who knew him, and
his sad end is universally regretted. He
left issue 6 sons and 5 daughters to be-
wail his loss, and died at the age of 58
years. This stone was erected June the
24»'', 1809.
By whose assassinating hand I fell,
Rests yet conceal* d, and none but God
can tell ;
Drop, Reader, o*er my grave, one nlent
tear,
(And 9iUl remimb^ring thai pour Ood ii
nearj)
If Rich or Poor, or Relative yofu be.
Strike your own breast, and say. It waf
not me."
The victim of this village tragedy
is generally supposed to have been kill-
ed by his own son ; but nothing was
ever proved against the young man,
who afterwards died in New Soath
Wales, to which settlement he had
been transported.
There is a very handsome modem
tomb, surmounted by an urn, and
presenting slabs inscribed as follows :
** The Family Vault
OP Mr. RicHABn £vbri8T, 1830.
*<Mr. Richard Everist died 37 Jan.
1831, aged 74 years, leaving a widow, six
sons and eight daughters, to lament the
loss of a kind husband and indolgent fa-
ther. He Uved and died a pattern to all
men.
" Mrs. Elizabeth Everist his wife, died
9 Nov. 1837, aged 65.
** A loving mother and a virtaons wife,
Faithful and just in every part of life.
** Mary Ann, wife of Mr. Henry Everist,
of this parish, died 4 May 1836,' aged 45.
" Mr. PhiUp TomUn, of this parish,
died 29 Sept. 1834, aged 54."
J. G. N.
Mr. Urban,
YOUR correspondent Chartula-
Rius, io his first letter, ((rent. Mag.
for March, p. 245) complained of a
grievance, and proposed a remedy.
The grievance stated was, that a gentle-
roan who has had access to the docu-
ments in the State Paper Office, and
has published some of them, has done
so inaccurately. in verification of
that assertion your correspondent gave
us no evidence of his own, but bor-
rowed, from a review, a statement of
certain alleged errors in documents
published by the same gentleman from
the British Museum. We are now
told that the proof might have been
carried further, and that instancesof in-
accuracy in transcribing from the State
Paper Office mi^ht have been super-
added. If so, they ought to have been
produced. It is scarcely just to ask
the public to give credence to charges
3
of inaccuracy of a specific kind simply
upon the assertion of an anonymous
correspondent, of the competency of
whose judgment, and whose meant of
information we are totally ignorant.
But let that pass. Few collections of
ancient documents — those who know
the difficulties of the subject would,
perhaps, agree with me were I to say
that no collection of ancient documents
can be believed to be faultless, and we
may therefore agree that some imper-
fections may be found in the book io
question ; but — the remedy ?
Chartularius proposed the pub-
lication of catalogues of the contents
of the State Pa})er Office, and " when
documents are desired at length, occett
to them might be granted with oh^ dme
restrictions, or office copies furnished
to applicants under certain reguUl-
tions."
Chartularius now 8a3r8 that by
1840.] The Arrangements of the Stale Paper Office.
585
acce98 with any due restrictions, he meant
that, " as far as the nature of the es-
tablishment might admit, the same fa-
cility of admission should be allowed
to the MSS. in the State Paper Office
as may be had to those in the British
Museum/' and that " in the mention
of due restrictions he had in view that
very proper regulation by the trustees
of the Museum, that no entire tran-
script of a MS. should be made with-
out special permission granted to the
reader."
If that was his meaning, nothing
could be more unfortunate than his
mode of expressing it. The regulation
of the trustees referred to does not
apply to any documents of the kind
published in the book out of which
this discussion arose, and, therefore,
has really nothing to do with it ; and,
moreover, it is not a restriction upon
access but upon transcribing. The
whole passage is obviously non-de-
scriptive of the practice of the British
Museum, where there is really no re-
striction upon access, and office-copies
are unknown ; but it is strikingly appli-
cable to the practice of another de-
pository, which it instantly called to
my mind — the Prerogative Office in
Doctors' Conmions. There, access to
the wills is granted " with due re-
strictions," and officv copifs are fur-
nished to applicants, and if that office,
and not the British Museum, did not
sit for your correspondent's picture, I
cannot congratulate him upon his skill
in portrait-painting.
Aiiain. if your correspondent meant,
and desired, that the practice of the
State i*aper Office should be assimi-
lated to that of the British Museum,
what becomes of his suggested remedy ?
The proof of his complaint was de-
duced from inaccuracy in publication
from the British Museum. He now
tells us that hit proposed remedy for
this serious eril, as he de<^ignated it,
WAS, that gentlemen should have equal
facilitii's for inaccurate publication from
the Stat«' I*aper Office. He munt ex-
cute me for having t^iven him credit for
designing something more consonant
to the ordinary character of a remedial
measure. It seems I mistook him.
He designed to put a stop to inaccu-
racy by enlarging the opportunities for
falling into blunders. Gentlemen who
argue in such a manner ought not to
Gem. Maq. Vol. XHI.
be surprised if common people occa-
sionally misunderstand them.
Your correspondent comments upon
the title by which I have designated
myself; but what am I to say to his,
CiiAaTULARivB — A Record Kbbpbk ?
The recommendation of office copiee
gives it a verisimilitude, and the con-
fident assertion of inaccuracies in the
printing of documents derived from the
State Paper Office, a probable home ;
but can it be possible that any gentle-
man connected with that office, to
whom the title of Record Keeper it
properly applicable, is of opinion that
** the most liberal access " should be
granted to the documents in his cus-
tody— that the same facilities should
be allowed with respect to their mana-
Bcripts and those in that invaluable in-
stitution the British Museum ? If so
I indeed rejoice, since such an opinion
is an explicit and valuable condem-
nation of the present system. Un-
reasonable as that system is in itself,
and condemned, universally and loudlf^
by all disinterested persons competent
to form a judgment, if it be also con-
demned by those acting under it, there
is hope that a better day is not far
distant. Until it dawns, and the
obsolete papers of the State Paper
Office are made accessible to all in-
quirers— whether they desire "docu-
ments at length " or are mere search-
ers after truth — we do but dream of
history ; within sight of vast stores of
knowledge we are kept ignorant ; with
the truth at hand we are compelled to
put up with fables.
Yours, &C. PlIILALSTHBt.
Mr. Urrav, Greenwich, Majf 18.
THK amateur review of the first
volume of the New General Uiograpkieal
Dictionary [Vide pp. 497—501.] recalls
my attention to the progress of that
work. I had resolved to leave it to itt
fate, and could only persuade myself
to glance over the third and fourth
paits of it. However, as the gentle
reviewer announces a "visible and
progressive improvement in each suc-
ceeding number," — and even predicts
its superiority, its immeanrabie supe-
riority, to the rival works of Michand
and Chalmers — I have been induced to
examine the fifth part, ver^ recently
published, with more curiosity.
I cast the result of this eiaminatiOD«
4F
586
The Nett) General Biographical Dictionary, Part F. [Jnne,
as on previous occasions, in the epis-
tolary mould — for I could not presume,
without apprenticeship to the craft, to
attempt a formal review.
As a considerable portion of the New
General Biographical Dictionary is
avowedly based on the more extensive
work of M. Michaud, it may be de-
sirable to inquire how far the new
biographers possess the art of epito-
mising. I shall therefore transcribe
the FIRST article, which is epitomised
from that work ; and submit, in pre-
cisely the same space, a new epitome
of it.
" Anson, (Pierre Hubert, 1744—1810,)
a French writer, and an able^finaDcier.
After having practised some time as an
advocate, he was taken into the office of
the comptroller-geDeral of finance, and
occupied, successively, several posts con-
nected with that department. He wrote
some historical memoirs ; and translated
Lady M. W. Montague's Letters, and
Anacreon ; besides being the author of
several short poems and songs. (Biog.
Univ.)"
Anson, (Pierre Hubert) a French
writer, was bom at Paris in 1744. He
was bred to the law ; successively obtained
various financial situations ; and that of
Administrateur dea Pottesj which he held
at his death in 1810. He published his-
torical accounts of Milly and Nemours,
1766; a translation of Anacreon, 1795,
sm. 8vo. and of the Letters of Lady
Montagu, 1795, 2 vols. 12mo. He also
wrote poems, songs, etc. — Beuchot,
B. U.
To record as many important facts
as possible within the allotted space,
and to arrange them judiciously, should
be the principal aim of the new bio-
graphers— but there is not one of the
first six articles which deserves praise
on either score. They are below the
level of those of Watkins and Gorton.
1. Anson (P. H.).— I leave this
article to speak for itself. 2. An-
SPACH. — On the latter portion of the
life of the Margrave of Anspach it is
merely said, " He died in England in
1806." It might at least have been
said. He purchased La Trappe, after-
wards celebrated as Brandenburg
House, in 1^92; and died at Speen,
in Berkshire, in 1806. 3. Anspach.
— The works of the Margravine of
Anspach are very imperfectly enume-
rated, and the date assigned to the
Memoirs is erroneous. It should be
1826. 4. Ansprand. — This article is
not so much an epitome of that of M.
Sismondi as an assemblage of frag-
ments of it. It is the life of a monarch
without the date of his' accessioa to
the throne ! Cunibert, another mon-
arch, is miscalled Canibert. 6. Anstbt
(Christopher). — ^The birth-place of the
poet, his education at Eton, the date
of his scholarship at Cambridge, his
degree of B.A. in 1746, etc. are omitted.
The New Bath Guide is the only one
of his poetical progeny which is named;
and on his other progeny, thirteen in
number, the oracle is mute. It is not
said where Anstey died, nor that his
Poetical Works were edited by his
second son, 1808, 4to. nor that the
volume contains an account of his life
and writings. Can such an article be
termed biography ? 6. Anstis (John).
— ^This learned heraldic writer is treated
with some care, but the authority, as
in the case of Anstey, is omitted. Was
it Brooke ? or Nichols ? or Noble ? or
Chalmers ? The fact should have been
stated, for the biographers are at vari-
ance on the date of his appointment as
Garter King at Arms, and of his death.
Brooke remains in manuscript. Nichols
first published his account in 1782;
Noble, who was much indebted to
Nichols, in 1804 ; and Chalmers, who
refers to both, in 1812. Chalmers,
however, copies Noble almost verhatim,
I must here express the surprise
which I have repeatedly felt at the ab-
sence of references to the Liienny
Anecdotes of Mr. Nichols, who, as a
female writer justly remarks, has
" poured forth such a flood of literary
and biographical anecdote as is not to
be equalled, for variety and interest,
by any work in the English language."
After this examination of conseca-
tive articles, I may be allowed to select
from the remaining portion. The
Spanish articles, said to be contributed
by one who " has cultivated Spanish
literature with the most distinguished
success," shall receive particular at-
tention.
I. Antelui (Joseph). — The an-
thority cited at the end of this article
is the Bioyraphie Universelle, I con-
ceive we should read, Alexander Glol-
mers, Millin, the learned author of
the article in the former work, gives
no general character of Antelmi, but
Chalmers and the new biographen
1840.] The New General Biographical Dictionary, PaH V. 587
supply that deficiency, and they coin-
cide to admiration! Behold the evi-
dence : —
" Antelmi died at Frcjus, June 21,
\6i)7, leaving the character of a man of
acutencss, lenruing, and integrity, but
credulous, and too ready to deal in con-
jecture."— A. C.
"He [Antelmi] died at Frejus in 1697,
leaving the character of a man of acute-
ncss, learning, and integrity ; but credu-
lous, and too fond of dealing in conjec-
ture."—N. G. B. D.
2. A.NTHONY (Derick). — The name
of this seal engraver appears to have
been introduced in order to serve as a
vehicle for announcing a discovery.
The Antony Doric of Horace Walpolc
should be Deric Antony ! The new
biographer deserves praise for his dis-
covery. 1 cannot, however, convince
myself that Derick Anthony has a
better claim to be commemorated than
Charles Anthony — who was engraver
of seals, &c. to James I. for more than
ten years ; and on whom some inte-
resting facts have recently become
more accessible.
3. Antillon, (Isidore,) a Spanish
patriot. — In lieu of this name and
designation I have to propose — Antil-
i.oN, (Uidoru dc) a very eminent
Spanish geographer. Antillon was the
author of Klvmentm dr la Geogrqfta
A8trnn4mira, natural y poHtica, de Ei-
paiin y Partuyal, Madrid, 1808, 8vo.
Valencia, IS 15, 8vo. Madrid, 1824,
svo. It is the best account of the
IVninsula, and a choice specimen of an
elementary essay. He also composed
/.'•' rinnos do (ioo<jraf{a Uonoral, 2 vols.
But pcrha|>9 he deserves still more
praise for his Cartas Esforicas del
iirando Oro'ann, dol Oce'ano Hounidn, dtl
Orrano Atltlntico, etc. The analyses
preHxe<1 to these charts arc equally re-
markable for the rich display of au-
thorities, and the impartial appropria-
tion of discovery. To Sir Francis
Drake he has done an act of justice,
which is denied him by our own
geographers :—
** Denotanios," nays lie, ** con cl nom-
hre de hlat Klinabttidan .i todn-t lis que
roilran pf)r <). y S. la tierra dol Futgo,
por»|ur iiiti Uf( lliimo en l.'»7H cl primer
Kur«>|»eo fpie lleg/i 4 verlas, el Ini;le«i Fran-
n'.ro Drake, queriendo rternizar en hus
(lrs«'iil)t imientoN AuMtr.iles la mcmoria dc la
Kevua Isabel dc laslatcrra.''
The authority cited is the Biographie
Univeraelle ; and it proves to be one of
the few anonymous articles in that
work. Our anonymous biographers
seem to have a predilection for anony-
mous authorities !
4. Antonio de Lebrija, (1442—
1522.) — ^This article has no reference
to the authority. It is a mere scrap
in comparison with the excellent article
of M. Weiss, which is contained in the
thirty-first volume of the Biographic
Univeraelle. The sagacious biographer
passes over the grammatical and lexi-
cographical works of Lebrija, the Speci-
men of Mayans, and the Elogio of
Munoz. M. Weiss characterises Le-
brija, I believe very justly, as " Tun
des plus savants hommes dc son si^cle,
ct celui qui a le plus contribue k faire
refleurir les lettres et les sciences en
Espagne." I suspect the article of M.
Weiss escaped our biographers.
Chaudon and Delandine celebrate
Antonio de Lebrija as Antoinb Ne-
brissensis ; Chalmers celebrates him
as Antonius i£lius Nebrissensis ;
Michaud, as Nebrissensis (ifilins
Antonius) ; and D. Vicente Salvd has
it, perhaps more correctly, Lebrija
(Antonio de) . — So much for the alpha-
betical order in biography, whicn is
supposed to deserve the preference on
account of the superior facility which
it affords to research. In every other
point of view it is extremely objec-
tionable.
A biography, with the articles io
proper order, would exhibit each indi-
vidual in the midst of his contempo-
raries. It would form a series of pic-
tures of the times— of the progress of
social life, of science, of literature, and
of the arts. A biography, in the cus-
tomary order, approximates the Visigoth
Alaric and oir own Queen Anne,
Cicero and Collcy Cibber; and it sepa-
rates, almost as widely as possible,
Aurelian and Zcnobia, Addison and
Steele, AH>crl and Victoria. It is a mass
of anachronism and incongruity.
5. Antonio, (Nicolas, 1617 —
1(384,) of Seville, the celebrated lite-
rary biographer, &c. — Nicolas Anto-
nio, to whom biographers are in-
debted for a vast mass of information,
is commemorated in a very slovenly
manner. There is no mention of his
elaborate treatise J)e Exilio, nor of his
Ceiwura de Hi^toriat f^bulieQ; nor of
588
The New General Biogritphieal Diciianartf, Part PC [Jiiiie^
the life of him written by Mayans,
nor of that by Bayer. The dates
and size of his Bibliotheca HU-
pana Vetut, and Bibliotheca Hispana
Nova, and the reprint of the former,
are also omitted. Cardinal Aguirre is
called Aguine. This article, or rather
imperfect memorandum, concludes with
a curious specimen of the inverted
style, of which I shall attempt a par-
tial imitation : —
** By Bayer of Valencia the Bibliotheca
Nova was augmented and improved. Ma-
drid, 1783."— N. G. B. D.
** By Bayer of Valencia the Bibliotheca
Vetut was augmented and improved.
Madrid, 17B8.*'—C.
G. Anville, (Jean-Baptiste Bour-
guignon d', born at Paris, July 11,
1697, died Jan. 28, 1782.)— The life
of d'Anville, the very eminent geo-
grapher, is treated at considerable
length, but without much neatness of
composition. There is no attempt to
guide the student to those of his nu-
merous works which it is roost essen-
tial to possess; no particulars as to
dates, sizes, &c. His memoir of
Gravelot, a name familiar to English-
men, should have been indicated. We
should also have had a reference to
the excellent Notice des Ouvragea de
M, d'Anville, &c. Paris, 1802, 8vo.
It is by M. Barbi^ du Bocage — le
Btul 4lhe qu* ait fait M, d'Anville, The
new biographer states that d'Anville
formed no scholars. The statement is
correct — but may lead to misappre-
hension.
7. Apthorp, (East,) an English di-
vine.— This article is extremely im-
perfect, and the authority is most in-
judiciously chosen. The Bibliotheca
of Watts IS not a work to be resorted
to for biographical facts. An ample
account of this very learned and worthy
man, drawn up by Mr. Nichols, and
revised by the Rev. Dr. Calder, may
be met with in the third volume of the
Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth
Century. There is also a memoir of
him in the Gent. Mag. 1816. i. 467.
8. Aranjo de Azevedo, (Antonio
de, 1752—1817,) Conde de Barca.—
This article is rather a fragment than
a memoir. Aravjo de Azevedo is com-
memorated only as a diplomatist and
minister : he was also a man of letters.
He wrote a defence of Camoens in
Answer to La Harpe, and two dra-
matic pieces. He also translated the
odes of Horace, some of the pocma of
Gray, and the Cecilian ode of Drydco.
A very interesting summary of his life,
from the pen of Costancio, hat been
printed in the fifty-sixth volume of the
Biographie Univer$elle,
9. Arbuckle, (James, bom 1700,
died 1734,) a native of Glasgow, he.
— ^This article is chiefly copied fltm
Chalmers, who was not satisfied with
his authorit}'. The new biographen
add the Collection of Letters and E$saf9,
but they reject the M.A. More re-
search should have been exercised on
this occasion. I shall give a speci*
men of the poetical powers of Ar-
buckle from his Monimia to PkUa^ei,
Dublin, 1728, 12mo. Monimia thus
addresses her faithless lover :-—
'^ Lost to the world, abandoned and forlom,
Exposed to infamy, reproach and scorn.
To mirth and comfort lost, and all for yon.
Yet lost perhaps to your remembrance too.
How hard my lot I What refuge can I try .^
Weary of life, and yet afraid to die ;
Of hope, the wretch's last resort, bereft,
By friends, by kindred, by my lover left.**
10. Arco, (Alexis del, 1625—1 700,)
a Spanish painter, &c.-— The account of
this artist occupies about twelve lines.
The authority cited is Michael Bryan.
I shall spare, on this occasion, ny
rapidly-diminishing store of condem-
natory phrase, and substitute a list of
errata : 1. Alexis del Arco-^Alonso del
Arco. 2. Poionusio-^Palomino. 3.
Assumption of the Virgin — Annuncia-
tion of the Virgin. 4. Trinitarioa
Descalios— Trinitarios Descaizos. I
have only to add that my authority is
D. Juan Agustin Cean Bermudez.
H. Ardemans, (Teodoro,) a Spa-
nish architect. — This article, though
it occupies half a column, is very de-
fective. We arc not told that Arde*
mans was a native of Madrid-^nor
that he had served in the royal gaards
— nor that he was a tcrt/er— nor that he
died at Madrid. The proofs of his
authorship are, Declaraeion y extenaiim
sobre las Ordenanzas de Madrid, 1719,
4 to. and F^uencias de la iierra y cicrto
snbterrdneo de las Aguas, 1724, 4to.-—
There is no authority appended to this
article. Cean Bermudez and Alvarez
y Baena should undoubtedly have been
consulted.
I may here note the utility of rt-
1840.] The Niw General Biographical Dictionary, Part V.
cording the birth- place of an individual^
— a piece of information too frequently
omitted by our new biographers. Had
it been stated that Ardemans was born
at Madrid, the inquisitive reader would
at once have been led to the Hijo8 de
Madrid, — where more ample informa-
tion might be obtained.
12. ARELI.ANO, (Juan de, 1607--
1670,) a Spanish flower- painter, &c.
— This article is from the French of
Durdent. It is not worth criticism ;
but I shall correct the dates, and pro-
duce a specimen of the mode of trans-
lation. As to dates, D. Juan Agus-
tin Cean Bermudez informs us that
Arellano was born at Santorcaz in
1614, and died in 1676. Now comes
the specimen of translation : —
'^ Arellano mourut k Madrid, en 1670|
k Vkge de soixante-troia ans. La oha-
pelle de Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Conseil,
dans cette ville, poss^de quatre de ses
tableaux." — Durdent.
''He [Arellano] died in the chapel of
Notre Dame de Bon-Conseil, at Madrid,
in which city there are four of bis pic-
tures."—N.G. B.D.
The invinble editor has no doubt
some very learned and celebrated
names on the invmble list of contri-
butors ; but it would be impossible to
deny, after such a specimen of travesty
translation, that the list wants revi-
sion.
13. Ahfe (Juan de). — The account
of this able artist is nearly six times the
length of that in the Biographie Uni-
verselle, but it is very defective. We
have no mention of the interesting
wood-cut of Alonso de Ercilla, 1569,
— nor of the curious description of the
custodia in the cathedral of Sevilla,
1587. The new biographer also omits
to notice a publication which even
Durdent records. It is entitled,
Qvilatador de la Plata, Oro, y Piedras,
compveato por Joan Arphe de Villa/ane :
natural de Leo : vezino de Valladolid,
Valladolid, 1572, 4to. The wood-cut
in the title of this very curious book
is his own masterly design, and per-
haps the initial letters, &c. I have a
copy of this book with the autograph
of the author.
14. Arf£, (Juan de,) born at Se-
ville in 1603. — ^This article is a literal
translation from the French of Dur-
dent. " Qui se souvient aujourd'hui,"
says M. Dorozoir^ "de Dturdeot et de
ses ouvrages?" The answer is>
new biographers. Now, I man
that the works which .are ascril
Juan de Arfe were executed by «
de Arce, — that there is no eviden<
his birth at Sevilla in 1603, — i
his journey to Italy — and, in bj
that the article is a piece of flctiok^
refer once more to D. Juan Agu
Cean Bermudez, who obtained his
formation from the archives of the
thedral of Sevilla. »
15. Arobnsola. Two brothers of
this name are entitled to a particdhf
mention in the literary annals it
Spain : —
1. Leonardo de Lupercio, (1565^'«i>
1613.)
2. Bartkolome Juan Leonardo de,
(1566—1631.)
The new biographers have some-
times shewn an excessive attachmenl
to groups — but I do not censure^ cm
that score, the writer who has united
lo9 doa hennanoB, 1 censure him oalf
for omitting to consult the best source
of information, for arrogance of sen-^
timent, and for exhibiting himself ra*
ther than his subjects. The best acr
count of Lupercio Leonardo y Argen*
sola, (1563 — 1613,) and of Bartholome
Juan Leonardo y ArgensoIa» (1564-^
1631) is that of Pell icer— which is pre-
fixed to the Enaayo de tma Bibliotheca de
Traductores Espanolea, Madrid, 1778,
4to. It occupies 142 pages ; and con-
tains inedited letters of Lupercio and
Bartholome, of Mariana, Justus Lip-
sius, theCondedeLemos,and D. Carlos
de Borja. From such materials should
the article have been compiled. *' Las
noticias pertenecientes d las vidas de
los dos hermanos Argensolas," says
D. Ramon Fernandez, " se hallan re-
cogidas con tanta diligencia en la obra
intitulada : Enaayo de una Bihlioteea de
Traductorea Eapanolea, que no parece
se puede aiiadir d lo que su erudite
Autor ha investigado. — Creo, que nin^
gun erudito, amante de nueatra hiatoria
liieraria, carecerd de eata obra," — -An
eminent historian has recently favoured
me with his opinion that " lives should
consist principally o( facta, not criti-
cism." Chardon de la Rochette, who
once projected a biographical diction-
ary, was of the same opinion. If any
argument would convert me to that
opinion, it would be the critical rhap-
sody on the two Argensolas.
590 Tlie New General Biographical Dictionary, Part V, ZJtme,
16. Argenville, (Ant. Joseph, 1680
-— 1766,) an amateur engraver and
man of letters, born at Paris. His
family name was Dezaillier. — ^The
choice of authorities, a point of great
importance in biography, receives less
attention in this work than it deserves.
The account of Argenville may serve
to justify the remark. Antoine- Jo-
seph DEZA.LLIER d'Argenville vtras a
Drench naturalist; and, like many
other naturalists, occasionally made
trial of the graver. The new biogra-
phers, however, refer to Heinecken —
the German biographer of engravers,
or rather recorder of their works.
Now, mark the consequence. The
Argenville of the New General
Biographical Dictionary can scarcely
be recognised as the Dezallier of the
Necrologedes Hommes celebres de France,
or of the Nouveau Dictionnairc His-
torique, or of the Biographie Universelle,
The new biographers misreport his
name,andhis claims to commemoration;
omit the titles of his works in natural
history, and his election as a Fellow of
our Royal Society in 1750 ; and mis-
report the date of his death. He died
the 29th November, 1765. Had they
consulted the Biographie Universelle,
they would also have given us some
account of Antoine-Nicolas Dezal-
lier, a miscellaneous writer, who
died in 1794.
To these specimens, which need not
be augmented, I shall add some short
remarks of a general nature.
Our attention has been called to the
number of names to be found in the
Dictionary, If antiquity is to be wholly
revived, — if every epigrammatist, if
every writer who is known by frag-
ments or a solitary quotation, — if every
artist on record is to be admitted — the
names may easily be increased. Fa-
bricius will supply those of the former
classes ; and Sillig, or the Comtc de
Clarac, those of the latter class. In
fact, the catalogue of the Comte de
Clarac alone contains as many as sixty
names which, on such principles,
should appear in the part under con-
sideration. But, do not such names
rather belong to a classical dictionary ?
Is the system practicable with respect
to those who lived at subsequent pe-
riods? Would the adoption of it
promote the declared object of forming
" one harmonious whole ? " On §uch
points it becomes the editor to medi-
tate. I commend him for admitting
several names which should have ap-
peared in Chalmers ; bat I could point
out other candidates of unquestionable
claims — men who have left more in-
teresting traces of their existence than
a solitary epigram I
The general superiority of articles
written by persons who are "pecu-
liarly conversant with the subjects
requisite to illustrate the lives of which
they treat," may without hesitation
be admitted. Nevertheless, such wri-
ters are apt to be very discursive — and
without strict control may deviate
more from the just model of biography
than the mere compiler. I shall ven-
ture to note, as an exemplification of
this remark, the articles Antagoras,
Apollodorus the architect, Apollonius
Pergaeus, Apollonius of TyaxkB,, Apple-
ton, Mariot Arbuthnot, Thomas Archer
the architect, &c.
The bibliography of the articles is
very defective : there is indeed no ap-
pearance of system. Thus, art. Apol-
lonius, the editions are enumerated ;
art. Appian, they are omitted. It is
not sufficient to give the title and date
of a work; the size and number of
volumes should also be stated. The
student may wish to be informed
whether the Register of the .Most
Noble Order of the Garter is an Svo.
pamphlet, or in two volumes folio.
The references to the Biographie
Universelle are numerous ; but I can
point out articles which have been
drawn from that storehouse without
acknowledgment, viz. Antenor, Silvio
Antoniano, Antoninus de Forciglioni,
the Infanta Antonio, Manuel de Aran -
da, Robert d'Arbrissel, John Arcken-
holz, Paul Aresi, Argyre, etc*
There are some typographical errors;
as p. 3, Agensi for Agnesi; p. 91,
Hempcr for Hamper, etc. The ttgle
is improved; but I rather object to
the "steam boiler," p. 4; to the
" cpitomators," p. 23 ; to "all Padua,"
etc. p. 24 ; to " literally buried him-
self," p. 25 ; to the " refiction, " p.
40 ; to the " second century A.D."
p. 93 ; to "Livoume," p. 107, etc.
It can be no reflection on the learn-
ing and ability of the former editor of
the New General Biographical Dictio-
nary, (who appears to proceed with his
welcome labours as a c(»trilmtMr«} U
1840.]
The Orihography of SA&iipere.
591
1 pronounce the fifth part of the work
to be in some particalars superior to
the first and second parts. Neverthe-
less, as the work is now only at its
alpha, and has the chance of obtain-
ing extensive circulation, the above
critical observations may have their
utility,— especially as the periodical
critics have shown remarkable apathy
on this very important occasion.
From the fifth part of the New
General Biographical Dietionary, I re-
turn to the amateur reviewer of the
preceding parts ; but there is only One
of his statements which I propose to
examine. He asserts that " Universal
Biographical Dictionaries never have
been, nor ever will be appealed to as
authorities." Now, the authority of
a writer depends on his qualifications
— not on the form of writing which he
may have had occasion to adopt. We are
chiefly to consider the means of in-
formation which he had at command,
his capability of forming correct opi-
nions, his love of truth, and habits of
accuracy ; and if we have reason to
be satisfied on those points, we may
appeal to him as an authority, whether
his statements chance to appear in the
graver shape of history, in a biogra-
phical sketch, in a familiar letter, or in
a marginal note to a poem or romance*
Has the Biblioiheea of Conrad Gesner
never been appealed to as an autho-
rity ? Can the gentle reviewer name
a work which has been more frequently
({uoted than the Grand Dieiimmaire
HUtoriqne of Mor^ri ? I must also
instance the Biographie Unkfer9eUe.
When, in that admirable publication,
Boissonade or Letronne touch on a
classical subject ; Daunon or De Ba-
rante on French historv ; Ginguen^ or
Sismondi on Italian atrairs ; Delambre
or Biot on physics ; Cnvier on natural
science ; Silvestre de Sacy on Oriental
literature ; Malte-Brnn or De Rosstl
on geography, etc. etc. — majr we not
appeal to them as authorities ? Mr.
Hallam admits that hitmrobabtf ekiuld
never have underiakem the composition
of his late important volames withoat
the Biofraphtt Univ€r$eUe. Has Mr.
Hallam committed the capital fault of
relying on a work which was never
intended to be appealed to as an autho-
rity ? But I have broa|;ht op a troop of
horse to encoonttr a will-o'-a-witp I
la finally withdmriaf from tho
critical examination of the New General
Biographieal DicHonary, (a task which
would interrupt more agreeable pur-
suits,) I recommend to the present
active editor of the woric, and to ths
various contributors, an axiom Tery
unlike that of the gentle reviewer,-«fui
axiom which, I charitably hope, would
stimulate their research and attention
to accuracy, — an axiom which, if they
would have the manliness to avow
themselves, their own work might
eventually tend to confirm : —
t^ Universal Biographical Dictio«
naries ever have been, and, iffnperig
executed, ever will be appealed to as an*
thorities.
Yours, kc, Bolton CoMfir.
Ma. Urban,
THE argument between Mr. Borgon
and myself having almost degeneratsd
into a mere discussion of bye-points»
it is time to bring it to a dose. I
shall make a few comments upon tlio
new matter contained in Mr. Bargon'a
last communication, and leave tlio
issue in the hands of your readers.
Mr. Burgon regrets my wmwik,
laughs at my meoiint/eiicy, and com*
plains of my dogwutiitm,
I admit the weamth, and jnstify it.
Mr. Burgon told you, in snbstance^ that
I had OMHTted what was mat irme. I
trust I am not more thin-skinned than
my neighbours, but I avow that neithor
the manner nor the matter of the aecs-
sation pleased me ; nor has Mr. Bvr-
gon's further explanation coovinccd
me that I was wrong. Soch aocnsa*
tions are not consistent with the oidi-i
nary courtesies of society; nor am
thej be need withoat creating a soa-
picion of meditated offmoe; and,
although I rejoice to learn that Mr.
Burgon did not contemplate ofl^Dca,
and — now I come to know him bat-
ter— am pleased to believe that ha la
too good tempered and honest miodad
to have dreamt ofanjrthingofthakind,
yet I cannot but hope that the thM
may never arrive when I nay Yicw
anything approachin|[ to an impotii-
tion of want of veracity with mwoD-
cem. There is so little troth in tilt
world that it is criminal to be ntgligaiit
of that little.
And now to chann the sotne and,
if I can» the tone, Mr.Bmpmktmiil^^
cawrwi ilmHwm topnrfiftaf, HthM
592
The Orthography qf Shaktpere.
[JUM^
done me the honoar to look into some
of my literary peccadilloes, and has
found out — wretch that I am 1 — that
in the month of October 1839* I
did not use the mode of spelling Shak^
apere which I strenuously advocated
in February 1840, and have continued
to advocate from that time up to the
present moment. His astonishment
is unbounded. He sets me down as a
mere mercurial scribbler; calls to his
aid a whole phalanx of marks of admi-
ration, and declares he cannot imagine
" what new lights could have broken
in upon me between October and Feb-
ruary." It is all very true, Mr. Urban ;
I am caught in the fact. 1 must con-
fess the soft impeachment. Until the
1st day of January 1840 I really was
wicked enough to spell Shakspere as
Mr. Burgon does, and for precisely the
same reason — because other people did
so. But on that 1st January — " a day
to do good deeds on," — I was con-
verted from the error of my way, and
I'll tell you how. On that day you
sent forth Mr. D'Israeli's first paper
upon this subject. I read it ; it startled
me and set me upon inquiry ; it sent
me to Sir Frederick Madden's excel-
lent communication to the Archaeolo-
gia, which, to my shame be it confessed,
I had never read ; and, in the end,
Mr. D'lsraeli converted me to Madden-
ism. My case was like that of the
learned Doctor who began by reading
A Defence of Periwigs, and ended by
throwing his own into the fire. If it
be mercurial for a man to quit a prac-
tice which he is convinced is wrong,
or to defend one which, after investi-
gation, he finds to be right, then truly
" I am the guiltiest soul alive." In
defence of his way of spelling Shak-
spere, Mr. Burgon contends : —
'* It must be right, he's done it ft'om a boy,"
and almost everybody else does it :
on behalf of mine, I tender the con-
viction of my understanding — the
result of an investigation to which
I was stimulated by the means I
have described. Is the man mercurial
who, after the recovery of his sight,
leaves off those practices which were
proper in his state of blindness ? or he
who having found that the Strand is
the direct way from Temple Bar to
Charing Cross, not only ceases himself
to wander round by Holborn, but
4
seeks to set right those who an goiog
astray ? If 1 am mercurial, pray let it
be remembered that I am one of Mr.
D'Israeli's converts.
And now for the dogmatitm : Mr.
Burgon sets himself in oppoaition to
what he calls my attempt to write
down the established ortiiography—
he tells yoii that I say that '* a man's
own mode of spelling his own name
ought to be followed," and he meets
this " plausible assertion " by remark*
ing that in the republic of letters oo
dictatorship is allowed, and that far
be it from him and his friends to lay
down a rule and then chide mankind
because they refuse to fall into what
they have asserted " ought to be done
in this or that matter."
I do not know that I exactly ander«
stand the charge of attempting to write
down the established orthography ; but
if I do, I can only say, that if the es-
tablished orthography, or anything elee
is thought to be incorrect, I tee no
harm in any man's attempting fairly
to expose what he conceives to be its
incorrectness. The instance uf dog-
matical enunciation of an opinion which
Mr. Burgon has adduced is certainly
not mine. I did not in any dictatorial
way promulgate the opinion that "a
man's own mode of spelling hie own
name ought to be followed ;" I stated
it not as a sentence,. a dictum, an an-
thoritative expression of opinion, but
simply as one of two propontitnm for
the affirmative qf which I coa/eiuM. Is
that dictatorial ?
But all this is beside the question—
ought we to write Shakeperef Mr.
Burgon's objections, although stated
differently, are still the same; i. It
would be new. Proper names are to
be spelt as they are spelt in the printed
books of the majority of well-edacated
persons : that is, as we are in the ha-
bit of spelling them, without reference
to right or wrong ; and ii. The conse-
quences ! oh ! think of the consequences
of an alteration I
The objection of novelty weighs not
a grain with me. Is it right ? is the
question ; not. Is it new ? The ques-
tion of right or wrong may be Tiewed
thus.
i. A man's name is the word which
we use in speaking or writing, to dii-
tinguish him from his fellow men*
1840.]
The Orthography of Shahspere,
593
ii. He derives that word from his
ancestors, or acquires it for himself,
and, in either case, what it is, is a
fact within his own knowledge.
iii. His evidence upon the subject
is testimony of the first class ; testi-
mony to a fact, by a witness who has
all the particulars within his own
knowledge.
iv. Such evidence is the best of
which the case admits.
The.'*e seem to me to be all mere
self-evident propositions, leading con-
vincingly to the conclusion that a
man's own testimony is the best evi-
dence as to what his name really is.
But then comes the question — what is
the most satisfactory form in which a
man's testimony upon such a subject
can be procured ? I answer in the
words of Mr. Bolton Corney, in his
lucid and excellent paper in your Ma-
gazine for April, p. 379* " autogra-
phic evidence is to be considered as
superior to printed evidence " — cer-
tainly, and for the plainest of all rea-
sons. In the autograph you are at
once brought into contact with the
man himself. You have before you
his own direct testimony. In any
other form, it may be the testimony
of the man himself, but it comes to
you second-hand ; some critical printer,
or injudicious editor, stands between
you and the witness, retailing, and
perhaps garbling, what he has said.
But suppose the autographs vary ?
Then inquire^ into the nature of the va-
riety, and if anyjman's practicehas been
continuously various, i. e. (1 beg to add
forMr. Burgon's especial information,)
if, throughout all those periods of
his life during which we possess bis
autographs, he wrote variously, then
the autographs can be no guide and
one must be found elsewhere ; but if,
as is probably Ralegh's case, he wrote
variously up to a certain period, and,
afler that time, was constant to one
spelling, it seems but reasonable to
follow that.
But suppose the signature is fantas-
tic ; an Karl of Pembroke, for instance,
signing Penbroke, what is to be done
then ? I answers-do what is reason-
able. The title it the name of a town,
the orthography of which was probably
well ascertained before it was given to
my I^)rd for a title : do not follow his
Gent. Mag. Vol. XIII.
Lordship in his affectation, but spell
his title properly.
These considerations seem to me to
prove the reasonableness of the adher-
ence to Shakspere's autograph, and,
from them, I deduce the two propoai-
tions, for the affirmative of which I
have stated that I contend.
Oh ! but the consequences ! only
think of Sanjak ! I thank Mr. BurgoQ
for the anecdote ; it reminds me of a
story of the Berbers, who never
use water for cleansing themseWea,
but prefer a little occasional dry- rub-
bing with sandstone. The conse-
quences may be conceived ; and, when
one of their chiefs was remonstrated
with upon the subject, he replied, that
water was given to man to drink, and
to cook with, and, however proper it
might be to be clean, the proposed use
of the precious liquid woaid be new to
the Berbers, and he was afraid that
something terrible would happen if
they departed from their established
practice. So with Sanjak, Mr. Bur-
gon shows the absurdity of the cor-
rupted substitute in a very pleasant
manner, but it has got into use,
and he will not consent to its altera-
tion. " No one will dispute," he says,
" that the place ought to be called Slaa-
jak ; yet who will call it so?" I shall,
for one ; and this discussion would
not be without its use if Mr. Burgoo
would derive this lesson from it t—
" At all times, in all circumstances,
and upon all subjects, do what omghi
to be done, and never fear the conse-
quences ! "
But you roust " alter the orthogra-
phy of an immense body — almost all
in fact — of the proper names in the
language." There is a great deal of
misunderstanding here. I contend that
in the case of every person you should
follow his autograph signature, with
the qualifications before mentioned. I
have no where contended, nor am I
inclined to contend, that the practice
of an individual is to be the rule for
all generations, or all persons of
the same family. Let each case stand
by itself, and be judged upon its
own merits. Mr. Burgon is drcaminf
when he imagines that I have advocat-
ed any principle which would briiiff
back Beaver to Btawmr : that would
be a consequence of the doctrine of
4 O
The Orthography of Shahpere.
594
the true and genuine Shakespcare-men,
which I opposed in my first letter.
What I have said, and continue to
•ay, i»,— /0//01P Me autograph of the
individual But, adds Mr. Burgon,
that would make the uncle Nevyle
and the nephew Nevyll ; and the fa-
ther Cecill and the son Cecyll, which
is a reductio ad ahturdum. How does
that appear ? It would be contrary to
modern usage, but is it therefore ab-
surd ? The absurdity, if there is one,
ii in reducing the diversities of ancient
practice to the monotony of our own
dead level. If our ancestors allowed
varieties of this description, why should
we not preserve the memory of the
fact ? We cherish other antique forms,
why not those of names ?
1 might now go on to comment
upon various inaccuracies in Mr.
Burgon's letter; but I agree with
him that there has been something too
much of this, and therefore forbear —
noticing only one seeming mistake:
and that because it does not affect
myself, but may mislead future in-
quirers. Mr. Burgon says, —
*' Lord Burgbley, shortly after he was
raised to the peerage, wrote as follows to
his friend Nicholas Whyte in Ireland:
' My stile is, Lord of Burghley, if you
meane to know it for your wrytyng, and
if you liit to write truly: — the poorest
Lord in England !"
and his comment is as follows : —
'* It seems to me from the peculiar ex-
pression of his Ijordship, that he recog-
nised his correspondent's right to spell
his name in any way he pleased ; that he
considered it quite optional whether a
proper name was to be written ' truly ' or
not."
Now, the words of Lord Burghley's
letter are quoted accurately enough, but
I think their sense is altogether alter-
ed by the manner in which they are
pointed. Burghley, as is well known
to all who are familiar with his mode
of writing, was in the habit of using a
long slanting stroke in the place of
that we now term a period or full
stop, using the period in the place of
a comma, and, occasionally, where a
significant pausa was required, as be-
[Jnne,
fore words which we shoald place be-
tween inverted commas. Now anv one
who will refer to the original letter
from which Mr. Burgon has quoted
(Lansd. MS. 102, art. 84), will see
that there is the slanting stroke after
the word "wrytyng," and a full stop
after "truly;" and, looking at the
whole passage, I think he will not
doubt that the proper way of quoting
the words is as follows :«—
** My stile is, ' Lord of BurgUey/ if
you meane to know it, for your wrytyng.
And, if you list to wryte truly, 'the
poorest Lord in Eng^d.' "
The words are a postscript to a letter
to Whyte, who was in constant official
and friendly corresnondence with
Burghley ; and from tne circamstance
of there being one of Burghley's nsoal
slanting strokes through ue letter t of
of the first " if," it seems to me that
the whole postscript was probably
written thus: He first wrote« "My
stile is Lord of Burghley/' concluding
the sentence with his substitate for a
period; looking at the words, they
probably appeared rather abrapt, and
he added — writing through the slanting
stroke he had put after fiurghley — " if
you meane to know it for your writ-
ing." There he again concluded ; but
the little pleasantry about his poverty
flashing across his mind, he finally
subjoined, — " and if you list to write
truly, ' the poorest Lord in England.' "
It will be perceived that this render-
ing is totally at variance with the con-
struction put upon the passage by Mr.
Burgon.
And now farewell to Skaktper^ for
the present ; and I trust in peace and
harmony with all 1 There is a care-
lessness in Mr. Burgon's statements
of the contents of my letters which I
sincerely wish had not ezisted« because
it prevents my looking upon him, as
an opponent, with all the aatisfketion
I could have desired ; but, on the other
hand, his good temper and the gene-
rosity of his disposition shine so
clearly through what he has written,
that it would grieve me to part from
such a man upon anv other terms
than those of certain firiendahip.
Yours, &c. John Bbvce.
595
MEMORIALS OF LITERARY CHARACTERS, No« XXVIII.
Madamb dx Staxl akd M. ds
Lallt Tolsndal.
THE late M. de Lally Tolendal was
soQ of the uafortonaU Lally, who
perished on the scaffold in the reign
of Louis XV. On tha appearance of
the first Tolume of the Biograpkk Um'
ver$elle, he agreed with Madame de
Stael, (who was daughter of the cele-
brated Necker,) that each should for-
nish to that publication a memoir of
the other's father. Such an agree*
mcnt does honour to their filial affec-
tion, for each had already undertaken
the tusk of vindicating a parent's me-
mory. Unfortunately^ though pro-
jected, it was not completed, as the
death of Madame de Stael prevented
her from redeeming her part of the
mutual pledge. The life of Lally in
the Biogrttpfue is anonymous.
M. Dx La Placb.
M. Pierre Antoine de la Place,* who
was editor of the Merewn d» F)nme9
from I7fi2 to 176S, was a most extra-
ordinary instance of vanity. He was
afilicted, all his life, with a passion for
celebrity, which his talents were too
mediocre to satisfy. In order to make
a noise about himself, he hit on the
singular idea of giving himself out for
deill in the public papers, and lament-
ing, in the same announcement, the
loss of so promising a person. The
OMuary does not appear to have ex-
cited any great sensation, and when
he was found to be still alive, it was
treated as a good joke, which probably
saved him from merited contempt.
In 1762 he was appointed to the
editorship of the Mmxwn d» fWraef,
through the Pompadour interest, which
was then predominant. Aaaociattd
with him in the editorship was a
person named Lagarde, who, on ac-
count of his character as a jmU-birdf
was called Lagwrdt Bieiire, and be-
tween them the publication was
brought to the brink of min in three
years. As the editorship was in the
gif^ of government, it was taxed with
|ii>nsions to certain literary men, and
the conductor made his profit out of
the remainder. Under Uie anspieea
of La Place, it fell off so rapidly, that
the subscribers withdrew in nnmben,
the pensions could no lon^r be paid,
and he was deprived of his appoint*
ment More fortunate, however, than
those who had thus suffered by hia
incapacity, he obtained a rttiriag al-
lowance of 5,000 francs, yet he eon-
plained perpetually that nis laboars
and merit were not appreciated.
The history of his Piieit wkrm-
soalet e/ ptm to wast is corioos. He
had obtained possession of a MS. eoa-
mon-place book, entitled MmmrM,
which belonged to the celebrated Do-
clos, whose thoughts and extracts were
sure to prove interesting. This he
took the Xxhtttj of printing, and as tha
whole impression vras soon disposed
of, he brousht ont anotiier vwmM,
containing, indeed, some^firagmenta of
that writer's, and, fliongh inferior to
the former, it also sold. Tlua was
trying the pulse of the pohUe te
enough, hot he had the asawanoe to
bring out six more vohimci, copied
from the Jhim^ the Dictionariaa of
Anecdotes, hz. te. and crammed with
insipidities, a great portion of whtt
were his ovm adventnres, correspond-
ence, and conversations. La narpa
observes, sarcastically, that his poetrj
might surely be tensed mlett|M» tm^
aiies, but he alone could call tliem In-*
/eressaalet. He gives a strmnge b-
stance of bhiodering on die part of
LaPlaoe. PiMcai had dtfined the in-
mensity of DeitT. "A ctrde wfaoat
centre is everywners, and the cirona-
ferenee nowhere.*' But La Plaoe, wIm
admired the definition, in deferenee to
the public voice, eonld notnnderstaBd
it, and printed it thus. "A cirdii
whose arenmference is everywhere,
and the centre nowhere." Yet he \mi
the aadadtr to call himself l»
dsf feat dt mtm,
A few particulars may be
concerning the Mtrmn. Itwasca*
Ublished in 1672 by Viatf^t (whom
M. Sabatier calls a jNNwre dMwia,)
* See Genu Msg, for Joly, 1839. t Jsmi DeoMM de U TW.
596
The Mercure de France. — Richard Savage,
IJvne,
under the title of Mercure galant. La
Bruy^re esteemed it, as it was con-
ducted in his time, au dessous du rien.
After some interruption, it assumed
the title of Mercure de France, at his
death in 1710. M. Antoine de la
Roque, having lost a leg at the battle
of Malplaquet, obtained the editorship
sometime af^er as a reward, and su-
perintended it till his death in 1744.
Connected with his editorship is an
amusing story, which has already been
told in the notice of M. Desforges
Maillard, alias Mile. Malerais de la
Vigne. (Vol. XII. p. 23, July 1839.)
The Mercure was afterwards consigned
to La Harpe, whose first Literary
essays had appeared in it. A com-
plete collection forms about 1,300
volumes.* Cydwbli.
RICHARD SAVAGE.
In Johnson's Life of this extraordi-
nary man, he relates that a Mrs. Lloyd,
his godmother, left him the sum of
300/. ; that her death happened in his
tenth year, and that, " as he had none
to prosecute his claim, to shelter him
from oppression, or call in law to the
assistance of justice, her will was
eluded by the executors, and no part
of the money was ever paid."
Upon this anecdote the sage Bozzy
remarks, "If he had a title to the
legacy, he could not have found any
difficulty in recovering it ; for, had the
executors resisted his claim, the whole
costs, as well as legacy, must have
been paid by them, if he had been the
child to whom it was given."
It seems pretty clear that while
Bozzy (who was a bit of a lawyer) was
planning his note, he forgot his text ;
which does not say that the executors
resisted his claim, but that the un-
friended boy had none to prosecute it.
The editor, however, subjoins a
note — " This reasoning is decisive: if
Savage were what he represented him-
self, nothing could have prevented his
recovering it." Nothing certainly —
except the awj^ward circumstance of
being wholly unable to attempt the
recovery.
It is asserted that the child, born
Jan. 16, 1697-8 to Lord Rivers by
Lady Macclesfield, died in its infancy,
and that at the age of seventeen or
eighteen, or not before, Sa^nge, the
shoemaker's son, assumed its name.
What is meant by " infancy"? Sappcwe
under five years : then for about twelve
or thirteen years or more, no stir was
made ; the whole matter was at rest.
But we are told that there was a
child placed by Lady Mason, the mother
of Lady Macclesfield, at a school near
St. Alban's ; and that this child was
Savage, the son of Lady Macclesfield,
and grandson of Lady Mason. Is it
denied that oi^ child was so placed?
or, if admitted that some child was,
whose was that child, and what became
of it?
Is it not a fact that Lord Tyrconnel,
the nephew of Lady Macclesfield, be-
lieved Savage to be the son of the Earl
and the Countess ? After the quarrel
between the viscount and the poet, was
it ever asserted by the *' Right Hon-
ourable Brute and Booby," as Savage
most grossly denominates him, that he
(Savage) was an impostor.
Again : It is acknowledged that the
baptism of a child called by the Chris-
tian name of Lord Rivers, — Bkhard —
and the assumed name of his mother.
Smith, is entered in the registry of St.
Andrew's, Holborn, on the 18th Jan.
1696.7. Has any register been found
of his death ; and what became of the
nurse ? And of the letters from Lady
Mason to her ? Lord Rivers died in
1712, fifteen years after the birth of
this child, and it is said that then'only
was the Lord informed of his child's
death . And it is suggested by Boswell,
in justification of Lady Macclesfield,
that the person who had then (i. e. at
the time of the Earl's death) assumed
the name of R. Sayage was known to
her to be an impostor ; but it is also
said that no impostor appeared till
two years after the decease of the Earl.
It is evident from these remarks that
there remain some further inquiries to
be satisfactorily answered before we
can adopt the conclusion that Savage's
biography is a tissue of lies, and Uiat
he made S. Johnson his dupe, and half
the world beside. R. C.
TOOKB, JUNIUS, LORD BLDON, AlID
SIR P. FRANCIS.
In the Gentleman's Magazine for
Feb. 1838, p. 131, is the following
quotation from (Treea't IHary.
• La Harpe, Art. on La Place, appended to his L7€^.«--Ssbttieri Les trois
— 'BMUTois, Diet. Historique.
1840.] Ibok€,Juniu$9 8fC.'--^Mili6n*8 Second Marriage.
t€
23 Dec. 1812. I once asked Tooke/
if. he had a guess at Junius^ but he de-
clared he had not the slighjtest."
Stephens, in his Life of Tooke, vol.
i. p. 415, informs us : *'l have been
assured more than once by the subject
of this memoir (Tooke) that he abso-
lutely knew the author" (of Junius's
Letters) . And in vol. ii. p. 358, " June
21, 1807. One of the company now
asked if he (Tooke) knew the author
(of Junius's Letters) ? On the ques-
tion being put he immediately crossed
his knife and fork on his plate, and,
assuming a stern look, replied ' I do/
His manner^ tone, and attitude, were
all too formidable to admit of any
further interrogations."
In the Gentleman's Magazine for
March, 1838, p. 31/, it is said, in the
Life of Lord Eldon, that " A few weeks
after these trials (at the Old Bailey in
1794) Lord Eldon met, in Westminster
Hall, Mr. Home Tooke, who walked
up to him and said, ' Let me avail
myself of this opportunity to express
my sense of your humane and consi-
derate conduct during the late trials.' "
Lord Eldon, the Attorney (xeneral,
had commenced his reply* with a
solemn protestation in the presence of
God that he could look only to His
support to enable him to execute his
duty as he ought to the prisoner and
the country.
In the margin of his own copy of
the second volume of Gurney's Report
of the Trial, vol. ii. p. 232, Tooke de-
nominates this to be "A pretty pro-
testation from a mercenary, deliberate
murderer." The words are in his own
hand-writing, and the book was pur-
chased by Mr. Heber for QL 159. at
the sale of Tooke's library in May
1813. In the catalogue it was stated
to be "full of MS. notes by Mr.
Tooke."
In the Gentleman's Magazine for
March 1838, a quotation from Sir
Philip Francis is given criticising an
expression used by Tooke, " Of the first
he is silent," " To be silent of a thing !
O thou inexorable judge of S. Johnson.
With all thy grammar thou art the
poorest always, and frequently the
* See State Trials, vol. xxv. p. 497, and
trial of H. Tooke by Garney, vol. ii. p«
232,
faultiest writer of the very lauj
you hav€ studied most." .
This in the Magazine is mefel*
precated as very hard upon a kii
spirit in politics (kindred indci
Had the writer recollected the fol
ing lines in Milton, he would,
doubtediy> have pronounced it U.
very silly.
" I alone first undertook
To mog the desolate abyss, to spy
This new created world, whereof m hell
Fame is not nlent,**
And this Sir P. Francis (the
pected author of Junius), in his ex
nation upon Tooke's trial, deposed
he had consulted Tooke upon a ]
of reform, " knowing or believing j
to be one of the most learned men
the kingdom, particularly with resp«
to the points to which that plan had in-
ference, namely, the antiquities, the his-
tory, and constitution of this country/'
vol. ii. p. 54.
Here we have Junius consulting
Parson Home ! ! Sir P. Francis con-
sulting the poorest writer of the very
language he (said poorest writer) had
studied most. Sir Philip, however,
had more modesty than Coleridge, who ^
thought himself, and declares that he
thought himself, a Junius and Tooke
combined. R. C.
The Register of Milton's Second
Marbiaoe.
In Dr. Johnson's Lives of the
Poets, Milton's second marriage is
noticed thus :
** He had now been blind for some
years, but his vigour of intellect was such
that he was not disabled to discharge his
office of Latin Secretary, or continue his
controversies. His mind was too eager
to be diverted, and too strong to be sub-
dued.
** About this time his wife died in
childbed, having left him three daughters.
** As he probably did not much love her,
he did not long continue the appearance
of lamenting her ; but after a short time
married Catharine the daughter of one
Captain Woodcock of Hackney, a woman
doubtless educated in opinions like his
own. She died within a year, of child-
birth, or some distemper that followed it,
and her husband honoured her memory
with a poor sonnet."
This marriage took place, and is re-
corded as follows in the Register of
the Parish of St. Mary Aldermanbiiry#
London.
598 Aneierd Geographt^^^Tntui flmmts.'-^La ManeeUhre. fJime,
Publications and Marriages 1656.
" The agreement and intention of marriage between John Milton, Esq. of
the parish of Margarets in Westminster, and Mrs. Katharine Woodcocke, of
Marys in Aldermanbury, was published three several market days in three
several weeks, (viz.) on Monday the 20th, and Monday the 37th of October,
and on M onday the 3rd of November ; and no exceptions being made against
their intentions, they were, according to the Act of Parliament, marriA the
la^ of November, by Sir John Dethicke, Knight and Alderman, one of the
Justices of the Peace for the City of London."
Ma. UasAN, April 20.
THE following piece of conjectural
criticism, taken from a French anti-
quary, affords sufficient proof that
ancient geography cannot be satisfac-
torily elucidated without some know-
ledge of the places in question.
In the Roman geographical tables a
river in the north-western part of
France is denominated Testus Flwius,
Peutinger has given the name thus;
and Dezauche, Danville, and others,
not being acquainted with the locality,
have copied his nomenclature. M.
Poignand, (Judge at the Tribunal of
Montfort,) considers that the first word
should be printed as an abbreviation,
iest^, i. e. iestaceusfluvius. The river
which is so called in ancient geography,
is the Couesnon, a little stream which
divides Normandy from B'ritany.* In
fact, the river answers exactly to this
description ; the locality (observes M.
Poignand) will sufficiently indicate to
whoever examines it that the word is
an abbreviation, for at its mouth it is
covered with shells. The error, he
further remarks, has been repeated,
because none of the authors above-
mentioned had examined the matter
themselves, t
M. Poignand derives the word
Couesnon from the Celtic, Coen, fine,^
and aon a river. This etymology may
appear fanciful, and the difficulty
would be endless of speculating on
the derivation of a Word which is spelt
in six other wavs in old documents,
viz. Coet-non, Cosnon, Coeno, Coetnus,
Cosnun, Cotmun, to which another
name may be added, and that a very
dissimilar one, Lerra, Such is the
* Erroneously called Coesoron in the
iramlation of M. Thierry's Normau Con-
quest, vol. i. p. 27.
f Antiquit^8 Historiques et Monomen-
tales, Bvo. Renues, 1820, p. 111.
t Qy. dear ? if the locality wiU admit
of it.
statement of the Abb^ Manet, in hii
prize essay on the Bay of Cancale.
He mentions that this river has chanaed
its course since the inundation which
took place in the eighth century. Con«
sequently it should seem that the limita
of the adjacent districts are altered,
and that Mont St. Michel would dse
have been included in Britany, accord-
ing to an old rhyme, which the Abb^
has quoted, —
" Si CoSsnon a fkit folk,
Si est le Mont en Normandy."
Which may be thus rendered,—
'' The wild vagaries CoSsnon has fday'd,
A part of Normandy the mount have
made."
As the bay into which the river flows
was formerly covered by the forest of
Sciscy, it is possible that Coetwon may
be the proper appellation, since Co^t is
the Celtic iox forest. Though indeed,
if any of the above-mentioned appella-
tives should coincide with a Welsh or
Breton word for shell or shsU'fsh, it
would be entitled to a preference, in
consequence of the Roman name having
had that meaning.
While 1 am on the subject of ety-
mology, allow me to ask another
question. M. Manet mentions a
place near Dol in Britanny, called
la Mancelikre, in the parish of Baguer-
picau ; and there is another, of the
same name, marked in Herisson's map
of Normandy (in the Avranchin and
department of La Manche), which
latter, I think I have read, gave its
name to a prebend in the cathedral of
Coutances. What, then, is the mean-
ing of the word ? Hie word Manaean
(or Mancel in old French) means an
inhabitant of the province of Maine :
which suggests a question, whether
these places were colonbed by settlers
from diat part of France at any remote
period. The family of Manael are itatod
to have come into EngUmd iviUi the
1840.]
JMin lines by Mr. Surteei, translated.
Conqueror, but the name does not
usually occur in copies of the Battle
Abbey roll. It is found, however, in
one of Fuller's lists, printed it
Church History, from Stow's Chro
Yours, &c. J. T. ;
Mr. Urban,
THE following Latin lines, written on the early death of a favourite
in-law,* were the composition of the late Mr. Surtees of Mainsforth, an o
sional contributor to your Magazine. Mr. Taylor has given them to the ]
lie in his memoir of the Author prefixed to the fourth volume of the His
of Durham, just published ; and I have attempted a translation of tl
for which if you can find room, you will honour.
Yours, &c. W. E, Surteee
*< Amsenis spatior in hortis
Ssepe lacrymis obortisi
Nam prse oculis quicquid ago
Tristis vertitur imago
Emmee — nomen jam amarum
Msestum semper, semper charum
Heu qukm subita proceli&
Mea periit puella I
Rosa velut matutina
Carpta vesper! pruin&.
Heu decus fugax et inane
Vitas umbratilis et vanse 1
Ergo cespes tegit illam
Tenuem versamin flavillam.
Et violas et rosam vemam
Dilectam sparsi super urnam.
Dis florem meam spoliavit,
Et genus pulvere faedavit.*'
T&ANSLATION BY W. E. SuRTEES, !
In vain I seek amid my flowers
The calm delights of former years fx-
My sunny walks, my shady bowers,
Now witness but my firequent tears*
For at each haunt, whatever I do.
Will Emma's image still appear—
Emma! a name how saddening now,
Yet through all time to me how dear t
Alas, by what a sudden storm
To us was our sweet maiden lost !
Thus falls the yet unfolded form.
Of some young rose beneath the frost.
Alas all loveliness, how vain I
In life, that fleets with shadowy pace I
Else earth's dark arms would not con-
The ashes of so bright a face, [tain
The violet and the rose of spring, '
Fit offerings, I have strew'dfor thee,
Where thou, my own flower, withering
Return* st to dust at God's decree.
Mr. Urban, Chichester, Feb, 9.
THE annexed inscription was faith-
fully copied (March 30, 1835) from a
monument in Racton Church in the
county of Sussex, to the memory of
the Gounter family, the surviving
daughter and heir of whom, Frances
Catharine, became the wife of Wil-
liam Legge, second Earl of Dartmouth,
in 1754.
Owing to the perishable quality of
the stone, several words are totally ob-
literated; this is denoted by dots.
Where a letter was left and legible, it
has been attempted to supply what
was wanting by conjecture — marked
by parentheses. Unfortunately, the date
is destroyed, but the quaintness of the
style of composition, (of which it is
one of the most curious specimens I
ever met with,) renders it highly proba-
ble that it was the production of some
pedant of King James's days. I have
searched Dallaway in vain.| If any
of your readers can supply what is
wanting to complete this curious epi-
taph, or direct me to the proper source
of information, it will much oblige
Yours, &c. Old Mortality.'
* Miss Emma Robinson who died 10 June 1815, aged 21.
t ** You, I understand, have an additional interest in her (Nature's) productions, by
being a great botanist." Sir Walter Scott's letter to R. Surtees, Esq. of Mains-
forth, 12 Nov. 1816, given in Mr. Taylor's Memoir of the latter.
t Dallaway, in his Rape of Chichester, has omitted the epitaph altogether, notwith-
standing there was acopy in the Burrell MSS. 5699, f. 603. The latter has enabled
us to supply some words to the copy sent by our correspondent, distinguished [thus] ,
though in other parts it is less perfect than his. Edit.
600
Cocker the Arithmetician.'^Preservaiion ofEpHaphs. [Jone^
Sabtus Jacent,
Quos Torus et Uma et Marmor sociarunt
Unus, Una, Unum,
(Joann)es Counter, Georgii Militis fil. et Joanna u(xor) (ejus)
(Am)bo olim
[ob amores] mutuos, conjugalem castitatem, liber (ot)
geminata sexus utriusque pignora in Tic
hac, ut cum illo haec, cum hac ille ne
morte abjunxerint
simuljam
(a)brepti, inter equitandum cadens ille,
ilia inter pariendum denata ; ille [annorum ?] armi . . r
. . . nam 30mi et ilia cum 28 lineam attigisset
setatis quasi meridie occiduus
una posthac
[revecturi] cum hie communi resurget postquam [Umen ?]
et novo totius mundi partu ilia rena8c(et)
.... hinc est • . .
[Si quando msestiss. filii] non madent ocul(i)
[Hoc ipsum quod posuit] (n)on lacryms p . . . mari .... [marm. • • • ?]
The pedigree in Dallaway's Rape of daughter of [John] Knight, of Cfaawtoo,
Chichester states that John Gunter, Hants ; and secondly .... daughter
(ob. V. p.) son of Sir George Gunter, of Bradshaw Drew, remarried to Sir
(temp. Jas. I.) married first, Joane, Gregory Norton, Bart.
Mr. Urban, May 6.
IN addition to the very interesting
mor^eau you presented to your readers
in the last number of your Ma-
gazine regarding Edward Cocker, the
penman and arithmetician, I may
mention that Thomas Heame, in a let-
ter to Mr. West, preserved in MS.
Lansd. 778, fol. 60, r^ asserts that he
" died (in very mean circumstances) in
the King's Bench." This accounts for
his burial at St. George's South-
wark. Masscy's article contains very
little information regarding his per-
sonal history, being for the most part
merely an enumeration of his pub-
lished works ; he adds, however,
that the most curious of Cocker's
manuscripts were procured by a no-
bleman at a high price. From the
sale catalogue of Sir Norton Knatch-
buU's library, it is difficult to say whe-
ther some of the numerous works of
Cocker there enumerated might not
have been in manuscript, for the MSS.
and printed books are placed together ;
if so, he may have been the '* Noble-
man" referred to by Massey, and the
present possessor of these MSS. is, I
believe, unknown.
Yours, &c. J. O. Halliwell.
Mr. Urban, May 20.
I PERFECTLY agree with your
Correspondent (p.450) that much valu-
able information might be preserved
5
and rendered easily accesaible, if the
inscriptions in churche8,.charch>yardt,
and other cemeteries, were collected
into one receptacle, commencing with
those inscriptions now m, or aboot,
churches proposed to be repaired, en-
larged, or rebuilt. For I have, oo tach
occasions, seen many costly memo-
rials wantonly destroyed, and other
illegal misdemeanours, if not sacri-
lege, committed by the parochial aa-
thorities of several places, among
which I have already alluded to a mar-
ket-town on the Thames in Bucking-
hamshire ; not to mention something
very lately perpetrated in a celebrated
Abbey much nearer to you.
These inscriptions would, however,
become more valuable if recorded in
some uniform, condensed manner,
shewing only their useful portions, and
omitting all bad poetry, and common
place phrases of eulogy or regret
For such a skeleton form I, there-
fore, look to your Correspondent;
suggesting to him, in the mean time,
that the precise locality of the memo-
rial should, by some method, be
stated, as also that of the interment ; a
very necessary point when not covered
by the memorial, as frequently ocean
in the interior of churches.
Such a form, well matured, might
lead to a better mode of general regis-
tration than that ordered by Uie recent
statutes on this subject.
1840.]
This Preservation of Sepulchral Monuments.
appears to me insufficient in many par-
ticulars for the purposes of the Gene-
alogist or Historian.
Yours, &c. Plantaqbnet.
Mr. Urban, May 4.
I WISH to draw the attention of
your readers to a subject of more im-
portance than at first it may appear
to be.
There is at this time a most laudable
disposition abroad for the improvement
of churches, and this generally leads
to the repairing of the monuments in
churches so fortunately selected for
improvement. I beg earnestly to re-
quest that every clergyman who may
happen to read this letter will seri-
ously consider the purport of it.
I recommend that every clergyman
should examine the monuments and
tablets in his church, and ascertain
who are the representatives of the
persons commemorated whose monu-
ments require repairs. If he will then
take the trouble to apply to the parties,
calling their attention to the fact, and
appeal to the duty they owe to their
ancestors, and proba,bly to the memory
of persons whose bounty they are ac-
tually existing on, I am certain that in
many instances the application would
lead to the necessary repairs. No
person could consider the communi-
cation impertinent, and if any excuse
be considered necessary, a reference to
this published letter will probably be
sufficient. I have in many instances
(without being a clergyman, or having
any excuse but a desire for the pre-
servation of the antiquities and national
memorials of this country,) made ap-
plications which have been not only
attended to, and money liberally spent,
but ray intimation has been received
with expressions of gratitude.
National history is composed <
of individuals. If one application)
nature in one hundred lead to the
ration of a decaying monument, w
that, in this great empire, tend li
to the preservation of our nat
historv, and I am certain that a i
greater proportion will be success
Persons living at a distance fr<
memorials of their ancestors, wiiu
most serious wish to preserve tl
procrastinate unintentionally, not
fleeting on what time may have di
since they last saw them, until, at
dentally visiting their ancient ho
they find the monuments gone to i
or so far going to decay as to be irre*
parable. If my letter be considered
worth attending to, it will lead to the
improvement of many churches — to the
employment of many poor working
men — and that without cost to the
clergyman or parish funds — and I am
sure it must gratify every good man
(with the means) to have pointed out
to him an opportunity of performing
an important duty.
I venture to add, as somewhat con-
nected with this subject, that in many
churches there are hatchments without
any other memorial of the person
commemorated; the descendants would
probably have them cleaned and re-
paired on application, and I recommend
that the name of the party and year of
death be distinctly painted on the mar-
gin. The restoration, cleaning, and re-
touching of a hatchment will cost very
little, and I beg to remind those de-
scendants that the respectability and
station of their family is best se-
cured by preserving the monuments of
their ancestors — showing ancient
wealth and importance.
Melford, Svff, Yours, &c. R. A.
THE MUTILATED EXCHEQUER RECORDS.
THE Committee of the House of ments which have been dispersed oyer
Peers has hitherto made no Report on the town. For the first we are in-
this subject: but we are enabled to debted to the kindness of H. W.
continue our specimens of the docu- Diamond, esq. F.S. A.
THE postinge Charges of Will'm Davison, Esquire, beinge sent by her
Mat^« into Scottlande in special! message to the Kingc ther in December 1582.
For X post horses from Lon- For x post horses from Ware
don to Ware i t » zudiitf. in}d, to Roystone . . . zzi«. viij<7.
to two guides ... ii«. to two guides . . . zvjef.
Gent. Mag. Vol. XIII. ' 4H
G02
Thi* Mutihtetl Exchequer Documents.
[Jane»
xijif.
xiijjr. iiijrl.
xijr/.
xij(/.
XI IJ*.
■ • ■ • «
injff.
xij</.
x\yl.
XV*.
xij//.
xijr/.
xxir.
Xijf/.
xij^Z.
To tlip constuhlp^ ftt Waiv .
For x post horsi's from Roy-
htoii to Cixslon
to two f^uitU's
to the ronKtiihlcH nt Royston
For till* likr from CftXKtoii to
lIuDtiui^ilim .
to two Kwi'^i'J*
T«> thf coiirttablt'R at Caxston
For the likt* from lluntinf^ttm
to Stilttm
to two f^uidi's
To till' n)nstabh»« at Huntinf^don
For X ])opt h»>rs«'s from Stilton
to Stamfordo .
to wo slides
to the fonstahles at Stilton .
. For the like from Stamfordo
to Witham . ,{tom) [xiii». iiijJ.]
to two guides (torn)
to the eonstables at Stamforde
For the like from Witham to
(irauntham
to two guides
to the constables at Witham
For the like from Grauntham
to Newarke
to two guides
to the constables at Grauntham
for the like from Newarke to Tuxforde . .
to two guides
to the constables at Newark
For the like from Tuxforde to Scrubie . .
to two guides • .
[to the ('on] stalilcs at Tuxforde
[For the like] from Scrubie
to Doncaster ...
[to two guides • •
[to the constables at Scrubie
[For the like from Doncaster
to Wetherbye ... • .
[to two guides
[to the consta])les at Doncaster *]
xiij«. iiija.J
[xiij*. iiijrf.]
For the like from Wetherbye
to Uorowbridgc . . xiijf. iiij<f.
to two guides . . . jx\d.
to the constables at Wetherby zij^.
For the like from Borrow-
bridge to Allerton .
to two guides
to the constables at Borrowbridge
For the like from Allerton to
Derinton
to two guides
to the constables at Allerton
For the like from Darinton to
Durraham . . . xxiijt.
to two guides
to the constables at Darinton
For the like from Durrabmto
Newcastell
to two guides
to the constables at Durrahm
For the like from Newcastle to
Morpitt . •
to two guides
to the constables at Newcastell
For the like from Morpitt to Anwicke xz«.
to two glides . . . xij<f.
to the constables at Morpitt • zij</.
For the like from Anwicke to Belfbrde xzi.
to two guides . • . xijcf.
to the constables at Anwicke . xijif.
For the like from Belforde to Barwicke xz«.
to two guides . • • xij J.
to the constables at Belforde . zijif.
For the like from Barwicke
to Edenburghe . iij/. yjt. yiij J.
for the charges of the same
tenne horses two nights • zzt.
to two guides ... ijt. yjef.
to the constables at Barwicke zijif.
Geaven the warders at Barwicke kepinge
(torn) for me after ther hower z#.
The some {torti) y^d
XTS.
xij</.
i\}d,
zx«.
zij</.
xij<f.
luja.
xijif.
xij<f.
XZf.
xijd.
xij(f.
xxt.
xijif.
xijcf.
The postingc Charges of Will'm Davison, Esquier, retourninge out of Scott-
land in April 1583.
For xi post horses from Eden-
bourghe to Barwicke iij/. xiij«. iiijrf.
for the charges of the same
horses two nightes . xxij«.
to two guides . . . ijj?. vj(/.
For xi horses from Barwicke
to Belford . . . xxij*.
to the warders and porters at
Barwick gates .
to two guides . . •
to the officers for providinge
the horses . . •
For the like number from Bel-
ford to Anwicke • •
xzijt.
[The rest it is unnecessary to transcribCt as Mr, Davison returned by the same
road as lie iccntf incurring the same charges except the additional eOMt ^ one pott
horse f as he employed eleven instead often,']
Mony disbursed by Wiirm Davison, esquier, for intelligence and other spe-
ciall occasions during his aboad in Scotland, being sent in December 1582 and
returning in May 1583.
First, bestowed uppon Mr, G. Y. for sondry copies of i'res and other intel-
ligence receyved of him during my being there. • • • T*
* These lines are torn off, but the names of stages are sapplied from the fooond pert
of this document.
1 840. J The Mutilated Exchequer Documents. 603
To a servant of the Clerk Register secretly employed betwixt his Mr. and
mc, all the tymc of my being in Scotland, and for sundry copies of things where
I used his labo' ....... iij"
Bestowed on a gentleman of my L. of Cowries of whome 1 received divers
speciall advertisements ...... iij^^
For the charges of my servaunt Burmct, sent twycc into Fife, to Mr. Ja.
M. uppon speciall occasions ...... xxx*
Bestowed uppon a kinsman and servant of the said Mr. Ja. sent to S*.
Johnstone uppon the convenc'on there between Arran and certen other LL.
and afterwards to Carnyc uppon lyk occasion .... iij"
To the same man sent afterwards to Sterling, and from thence to Dunbretoa
uppon speciall service ..,..• iij"
For a paier of Bracelcttes given at my coming away to the bailif of A. by
whom 1 had receyved sondry speciall advices touching the intents and pro-
cedingsof the French ...... {torn)
Delivered to Rocquo Bonnctti w*^ the previtc of M'. Secretary Walsingham,
for some service done by him ...... (torn)
To one of the garrison of Berwick, sent w**» my Tres to M'. Bowes, uppon
my Arryvall at Berwick outwards ..... {torn)
To an other of the same garrison sent unto him in lykc sort w*** my I'rcs from
Berwick, in my returnc homewards ..... {torn)
(siynf^il) Fra : Walsyxgham. Sum* totalis xxxij" vj» [viij**]
Jho iho Signature of \V. Davison teoj apparently added, but crated, and is
now warly torn off.
Indorsed, Mr. Davisonnes Rcconinge for his iorncy into Scotlandc, his Intel-
ligences xxxij" vj* viij**. His postinges to and from Scotland lix ". And the re-
niayne of his diettes to pay Ixxiiij'^ In all clxv''vij' iiij**.
In another hand, Sol' p. Killigrcw et alio' in Termlo Paschc 1583.
In Sir Harris NicolasN Life uf Mr. Secretory Davison, his going to Scotland at the
end of l.')>^ J is noticed at p. Vi. The present document shows that he returned to
Ki)i;Innd in the following April, of which bis biographer was not aware ; but he
iiiii.Ht linvr afterwards gone back to Scotland, which he did not finally leave until the
until tun of ir)'<4. The latter items exiiose the bribery fur intelligence which was then
))r:t('tiscd ; and the earlier part of the account is runous as exbibiting the mode of
tra\<'llin(; post in the reign of F^Iizabeth. — Some other documents relating to DavisoOy
which were sold at Sotheby's, were mentioned in p. -!&.*>.
Mk. Urban, I 'pper \orton Street, of payments to Vandyck and the
IN addition to the IVtition of Kd- sculptor Le Socur, which 1 send in-
\\ Jiril Cockir, and Order for payment of closed; together with an order (also im-
.)(H)/. to Sir Richard Steele, inserted in jicrfect) for the payment of a Free Gift
\ our Magazine for last month, 1 now' to Wcnceslaus Hollar, in the year
.M'rul you copies of '^omc other Kxchc- 1(368.
«|iur papers in my possession. The It is not my intention to take any
i.ettir of Sir Robert Long (who was i>art in the controversy carried on in
ihr then Chancellor of the Kxcluquer,) your Magazine, re»|K'cting the mode
dati'd :»th July l(><i5, was broken in of s|>€lling the name of our great
two. but 1 was bO fortunate as to tind I'oct; but it may not be uninteresting
both parts among the mutilated mass to your readers to seethe fragments of
o( papers. The other, of which 1 send the accounts of one ** John Shake-
\ou an extract, is in three pieces, speare" the royal bitmaker, in the
loll 11(1 by me at different periods ; there year 1621.
an- -till two jwrtions wanting. Both When I sent you the copy of
l.rtlrrs were written whilst thi- plague Cocker's Tctition I oui;ht to have
wa-. ra«ing in London. statrd that at the loot of the original.
Among "the Iragmenls I fount! part which ifi a most beautiful siieciiuen of
ut a leaf of a book cuntaiDing entiiea peumaiuhip, theic appears to have
604 The MutUaied Exchequer Daeumenis. [June,
been a certificate or recommendation tertain no doubt of the certificate bav-
in support of Cockcr'B pretensions ing: been in the handwriting of Sir
and talent as an artist ; tlio whole of Philip Warwick, some of whose Let-
which, except a few words, has been ters have also been rescued by me.
torn off, but from what remains I en- Yours, &c. Robert Colx.
John Shakespeare, Bitmaker, demandeth [allu]wancc by vertue of a War-
rant for [his Ma*'*"] Stable, dated the ixvij*^ of September 1621, for these
parcels follow inge.
[For fortie-fiv]e Watringe Bits at X* per peece .... xxij^x*
[For thirtie] paire of guilte Bosses at xi* p. pare . . xxx'*
[For twentic wa]tring Snaffols at iij> iiij^ p. peece . iij'' vj* viij^
[For twentie Bits] w* guiite Bosses at xxx* p. peece . xxx^
[For twentie] watringc bits at x'l'y vj** p. jieece .... xij'' x*
w' cast and graven bosses .... iiij"
[For foure watjringc Bits at xij' p. peece ij^ iiij*
with cast and guilte bosses .... ii/'
[For twelve] watringe Bits at xij» p. peece .... vij^ iiij*
[For twentic-fuure b]yts w* guilte bosses at xvij» iiij'* peece . xx'* xvj*
[For twelve watrin]ge Bits at xij» p. peece .... vij" iiij'
[For eighteen] bits at iij' iiij' p. peece 3"
[For twenty-four bi]t8 at vj* viij<' p. peece .... viij**
Torn away par]ticuler Parte.
Snafllcs at ij<' p. dosen xx*'
There are several other items, hut the particulars of them are nearly torn away.
The total of the bill amounts to the large sum of 302/. 1 Is. 8d.
Another fragment is still more imperfect ; but we gather from it this information,
that these handsome accoutrements were Kometimes made for presents. The two first
items in the second fragment, which also belongs to the year l()21,are for six bitts
guilte and graven with the armes of Denmark, and for six watringe Bitts at iij* iiy*'
p. ])eece for [the King of De]nmarkc ; the next for foure riche B[o8ses ?] silvered, at
v'^ p. [peece] and eight watringe [Bitts] at i^* iiij*' p. peece for • . .re . . .oles;
and the remaining two for two Snaffles at iij and for three silver
and gu[ilte ] cast and graven bosses for [ ? Longujevile.
The existence of tliis John Sliake8()eare has been noticed by Mr. Collier in his
Annals of the Stni^e, vol ii. pp. 4«, a5 ; where he has given some extracts from the
account books of Sir Humjthrey Mildmay, in which the name occurs, and has noticed
a privy seal of the 13th Car. I. (11)37) which directed the payment of 1,6*99/. lU.
to ** Mary Shakespeare, widow and executrix of John Shakespeare, our late Bitt-
maker deceased."
Brooke. His Remaync ended Sc'do August! 1637
Receipts usq' primu Scptembr' 1(337
0 0 New Imposic'ons
6 8 Small farmes.
(Payments, in another hand.)
To Thomas Mynnc, Esq., knight Harbinger, part of . . . .
0. 4. for lodgeings taken upp in Westm', for the Serv . . .
of the Prince Elector, and Prince Rupert
To Francis Browne, Administratrix to Richard
Browne, under (torn)
On the head of the other side —
. . . Sc'do Augusti 1C37 171. 9. 4,
Scptembr' 1('»37
used in gildingc and silver diagroascd, &c. ^
Deane Forrest ^^^99-
2. 4,
1840.] The MuHUdei SMheqn^ Domm&iii. 60S
{Pap»etU$.) Sir Ant]liODyVuidil»Kii' put of 1900* fori 3QQ^
.'.'*..' le Seiir, Sculptor, tmxt of 730^ l ^nn
Statoet and Inuiga )
79. 1. 8.
Now, it would have been particaUrly interesting to haTo known what were the
uurk8 of art for which the illastrioos men abovementioned received payment. The
unly known productioni of Hubert le Soeor remahdn|[ in Alt oonntrj are the mm
triau 8Utue of Charles the First at Charing Cross, whidi he made at the charge ei the
Karl of Arundeli not of the King ; and his brasen statne of William EaH of Finbroke
ut Oxford.
After our hearty commendaciont By..... •
generall Letters patents dormant dated the eigfa
September One thoosand six hundred and
- ance of his Mat' order in Cooncell of the
instant These are to pray and require you
Orders for paym* of the some of fifty pounds
Hollar his Mat* Stenographer or hb Atsi •• •
of his Mat* free guift and Royall Bounty
some services by him performed for his M. ... •
the same to be payed unto him out of the.
uounds payable into the Receipt of the Ex....
Napper, Esq. Receiver of hia Mat^ Rev
of Cornwall as soe much by him received
Widow in the name and nature of a Fine . ..
Estate in a certaine Tcnem* in the maonoF
said County and for toe doing this ih
Whitehall Treiry chamb^. the twen
One thousand six hundred sixty eif^t
(* Monk Duke of Albemarle.) * Ai.b....
(• • Lord Ashley.) • • A..
> • a
LXTTXaS OP 8ia aOBSRT LONQ, CBAXfCXLLOB OP THB IXCUqVU.
" Mr. BuROBSt
" 1 have signed a new debentnr for Mr. Kirk, though it doe nol appeare hf
the reraayne that the tenths of Cbeeter to answer the iame art in the Bi»
chequer ; pay it out of that money and noe other, and eancall the iatmm
dcbentur. 1 send you a debentur for 100/. for Tom Killigrew upon hia pentini
uf 400/. It must be paid to Mrs. Rose, my Lady KiUigrew's nayde, and to
noe other ; lett her have it when the comet for it. This it tht saeond lOOL
and intreat Mr. Wardo' from me to Utth (qu. let?) thit patte w*^ thall bt Uw
last. 1 have signed 200* for Emgen ; tell him it it all I can doe and all henniit
expect at this tyme. I have signed 900 for Moitiant, upon Aug. cotloawt* I
have signed Solbies order of 250*. tenths of Winton. 1 have signed tht lathw
order and Mr. Wardo" of 20*. and by the Remayne you will see how theflMmay
is to be taken. I have signed Vaux hit order to the Thr*er of the ChiuBbtr Ibt
352 1 4 and I looli to have feet for it, being for a particular, at yoo know tha
( offerer payes fees when he receyvet for S' W". Wale and other particulart ; dot
you take care to admit it upon the Thr'cr of the chambers atsignem* of y* rojfall
ayd according to the warrant. 1 have signed 28 16 3 for Mrt. Caninghaoi,
w''' in all she is to expect at this tyme. I nave signed 300* to y* Thr'er of y*
chamber for y* maundy. I have signed 140 11 3 for Walker the Usher upon
my lord Ashleys letter w<^ 1 send to you. Send me debentnrt for the oOotft
of the worket, and of the tents and toylcs, but puU dowme aee tmmme, ta^f 9tii
brlow hnw sMicA ii U a yeure oad ktm km§ hekmd, W^ mk eittjti la dU tMtwimm
ri'ffularlif. The talley should be strooke upon the Grcenwax, upon the oldest
arere, unless we had my lordThr'er's warrant to doc otherwise; andtoenrowla
my lady Villar's patent and to make allowance of soe moch ycarely of that
rent at tbaiiappcace by her acquittaacet to have btcat paid toker} bat al
€06 The Mniilated Exchequer Documenis, {June,
this tvme^ when wc want money, 1 leave it to yoa and Mr. Ward to doe as
you shall thinkc fitt. S' W°> Swan having all his areres assigned upon tenths
of Salisbury or other dioces, advertise me how much y whole comes to.
" I pray use all possible care to preserve yourselves and my house. Send for
things to bume, and make use of them dayly. Lett noe body stirre oat, nor any
suitors come into the house or office. Lett every one take every morning a
little London treacle, or the kirnell of a walnutt, with 5 leaves of rue, and a
grayne of salt, beaten together and rosted in a figg, and soc eaten ; and never
stirre out fasting. Let not the porter come into the house ; take all coarse
you can agaynstthe ratts, and take care of the catts ; the little ones that will
not stirre out may be kept, the great ones must be kild or sent away.
" Rob. Long.
Indorsed, My Masters L're " July 5th 1665."
5th July 1665.
"Mr. Burges,
" I have obtcyned an order of Councell for a proclamation to remove the
Exchequer from Westminister to the Queenes house at Nonsuch. I send yoa
the order and the substance of the proclamation by w*^ it must be done. Lett
Bembow carry both to Mr. SoIlicito^ who is at his house neere Kensington,
and gctt the proclamation drawne up, that we may have the King's hand and
great scale before the remoovc of the Court if it be possible, w'^ will be upon
Thursday next, soe that we have but this day and too morrow. Be preparing
all things for the remoovc, and in the meane tyme take care of yourselves ; and
to the end you may remoove securely, I will send barges from here to bring
up all things by water to Kingston, and carts to carry them from thence to the
great house at Nonsuch.* I have likewise a warrant from my lord Thr'er to
the officers of the workes to fitt up some roomes in that house (w^^ is something
ruinous) for this purpose, and care shall be taken for a guard for the security
of the King's money. Make sufficient provision of paper and other things for
o' use. Mr. Packer's brother was Sunday at Hampton Court, and will provide
all things if desired. Write over this paper of the substance of the proclamation
and add to it what shall be further necessary and then send it, and the order
of councell, and send both to Mr. Sollicito' ; that if it be possible it may be
dispatched to be heere tomorrow. I have a warrant from my lord Thr'er to draw
up an order for 200^ vpon the gcncrall dormant privy scale to be paid to you for
the charge of the remoovc, but cspetially for the fitting the roomes heere by the
officers of the workes. 1 have for expedition drawne up th^ order heere as
well as I could and have sent it to my Lord Thr'er and Lord Ashley."
Here follow nome directions on official matlergf in the handwriting of another
person .■ a quarter of the sheet is then wanting ^ having been torn off; indeed the letter
originallg consisted of five sides of foolscap ^ hut two quarter sheets have been broken
qj^; in what remains is the following :
" You know y* I sent 10^ to y* parrish when I came away, 3' for >* worke
house and 5' for y* visited ; and thcirforc I pray Ictt mec know if y^ rate bee sett
upon mec equally w*** y* Tellers and others. 1 intended to send 5' more to y*
parridh for y' visited, but since they tax mc soc hey (high) 1 will send my
charrity cUcwheare, for w*^^ I'll give you direction in my next Letter, though I
intended itt out of y^ 30' if y*= bill had bin paid.
" July 25. Rob. Long."
Indorsed, My Masters L' re 25 July 16C5.
* Rc.Hprctingtlic removal of the Exchequer to Nonsuch, see the account of that palace
in our Magazine for Au|i^. 1^;{7f vol. VIJL p. 143, where some passages in the diaries
9f Evelyn and Pcpys relating to this subject arc quoted.
607
RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW.
Zmmermann's Aphorisms and Reflections, 12mo. London, 1800.
THE work of Zimmermann on Solitude, has so completely establishet
author's reputation, as to obscure the other productions of his pen. His i
risms, which were first published in this country in 1800, contain soi
remarks, of which some specimens are given below, but they do not pmw
habits of thinking in so estimable a point of view as the Solitude. The )
ability which characterises that work disappears in a great measure, or
loyed by ascerbity, and by a more than freedom of opinion which we st
hardly have expected to find. It is possible that the melancholy tendencii
his disposition may have impaired the moral as well as the mental quali
The former supposition is suggested by some of his Aphorisms ; the lattei
too evident from his own history. When the French entered Hanover, dui
the revolutionary war, he was persuaded that their object was to destroy *
residence, an idea which became dominant amid all the symptoms of his hy«
pochondriac disorder. It is painful to add, that he died in a state of premature
decrepitude in 1798. His constitution was certainly of a melancholy cast, but
the evil was aggravated by the bad health of his wife and children, and per-
haps by a double want of firmness in meeting his afflictions, and of patience in
supporting them.
The following passages, as is already said, are taken from the Aphorisms^
and they are some of the most favourable specimens.
** Gain a firiend by a quarrel, if it is
possible ; never lose one, however, this is
possible ; for there is a peculiar mode of
conduct even when dissention reigns, that
commands veneration, and generates
esteem.
The more you speak of yourself, the
more you are likely to lie.
Always to speak what you think is the
way to acquire the habit of thinking, and
acting with propriety.
The strongest instance of friendship, or
of disinterestedness, shall be the least re-
garded, if it thwarts our wishes, or crosses
our inclinations.
Excellent is the advice of the poet
Shenstone, whatever situation in life you
wish or propose to yourself, acquire a
clear and lucid idea of the inconveniences
attending it.
To please those who have antipathies
against us, is almost impossible.
A youth introduced suddenly into life,
feels as awkwardly as one immersed for
the first time in water, and the chances
are that he sinks as soon.
Silence is the safest response for all the
contradiction that arises from imperti-
nence, vulgarity, or envy.
Disguise reproof in a question ; let it
not follow the offence too rapidly, and
utter it in a mild tone.
Opinionatrety and contradiction have
not inaptly been compared to paper-kites ;
they only keep up while you pull against
them.
One of the greatest instances of cruelty,
is to require what you condemn.
There is a mode of presenting that
gives a value to anything.
Insure your own pleasure by pleasing
others.
Ill-directed activity of mind has pro-
duced all those great national disorders
that society so feelingly deplores.
When the ceremonies of a religion are
scoffed at, or its ministers despised, it
will not be long before its principles will
be detested.
When the good assemble, they are in a
fair way to grow better.
It is infamous to allow pre-entertained
opinions to sway more than facts.
He will do great things, who can avert
his words and thoughts from past irreme-
diable evils.
As you treat your body, so your house,
your domestics, your enemies, your
friends : your dress is a table of your
contents.
Between passion and lying there is not
a finger's breadth.
Who has many wishes, has generally
but little will. Who has energy and will,
has few diverging wishes.
It is fruitless to chide, if you smile ; or
threaten, if you do not enforce ; children
608
Rrtrospectivb Rrview.
[Jane,
will discover and take advantage of this
weakness, .so ohvious and resistible is it.
Advice is sure to be relished, if you
can contrive to echo the sentiments of
those who seek it.
The instant our successor is fixed, we
look upon him with secret infelt detes-
tation.
Keep all disappointments to yourself;
trust him who has deceived you do oftener
than you can help.
Sincerity is indicative of an exalted
mind.
Lavater insists that we should not say
we know another entirely, till we have di-
Tided an inheritance with him.
Anger continued terminates in revenge ;
and by calling up the anger of the oppo-
fite party, converts a temporary disagree-
ment into an everlasting hatred.
The Atheist's only hope ceases where
the Christian's strongest hope begins.
Occasionally declare your principles,
lest what you are, and wish to be, should
be liable to dubiety, or misinterpreta-
tion.
Under the banners of patriotism, most
revolutionists, or reformers, have enlisted
for their own advancement ; yet these very
reformers, in their cry for reformation,
always faroel themselves [i. e. to reform
themselves].
There are few mortals so insensible
that their affections cannot be gained by
mildness, their confidence by sincerity,
their hatred by scorn or neglect.
[It is observable, that in this passage
Zimmcrmann says rniidnesft, and not
kindnesx, Ditl he mean to lay a stress on
manner, rather than on actions ? for cer-
tainly it is the more winning of the two,
and perhaps one reason is, that it does not
lay us under the same obligations.]
He observes at p. 291, that * all defen-
sive causes must be good.* This b not
true, in an absolute sense, but perhaps he
meant, that sympathy is always upon their
side. For this reason, in disputes with
others, we should be careful not to make
thfirft the defensive cause.
Those who refuse to risk an eaconnter
with ingratitude, will never become ex-
tensively benevolent.
In proportion to hope and pride, is the
pain that refusal gives.
Women must be gained by degrees, if
they are wooed.
Me that takes credit [i. e. from a
tradesman] confesses his poyerty.
It requires much consideration to deter-
mine on the dissipation of agreeable or
consoling illusions.
Before a reputation is established, il
passes through all the gradatory shades
from black to white.
Rejoice in the enemies you have, if
they arc good ; curse the friends you may
possess, if they are specious.
Economy appears to be nearly allied to
- probity.
Those who speak with the greatest pre-
cision have the fewest ideas ; those whose
ideas are most numerous, are most con-
fused.
Probable obstacles and possible acci-
dents, should always be taken into calcu-
lation.
It is )>ossible to infuse such candour in
your refusal that the disappointed will
not murmur.
Neglect yourself, and you will neither
be respected or respectable."
A few extracts from Lavater's Aphorisms arc introduced into this volame,
from which the following are selected.
*• He knows nothing of man, who ex-
pects to convince a determined party-man.
The wrath, that on conviction subsides
into mildness, is the wrath of a generous
mind.
He submits to be seen through a micro-
scope, who suffers himself to be caught
in a fit of passion.
He who reforms himself, has done
more to reform the public, than a crowd
of noisy impotent [impudent?] patriots.*'
The following sentence is quoted from Voltaire. " La chute de rhomme
d^genere est lo fondcment de la theologie de prcsque toutes les anciennes na-
tions." It is a remarkable admission, and is entitled to the same weight as
Cicero's famous argument, *' Consensus omnium populorum probat Deura
esse." Cydweli.
1840.]
609
REVIEW OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.
Spain under Charles the Second; or
Extracts from the Correspondence of
the Hon. Alexander Stanhope, Bri-
tish Minister at Madrid, 1690 —
1699. From the Originals at Che-
vening, Lond. 8vo. 1840, pp. ]73.
SPAIN under Charles II. was a na-
tion in the very depth of degradation ;
the King sickly and imbecile ; the
court venal and full of intrigues ; the
ministers without ability; the public
measures mere temporary expedients
for raising money ; the people ignorant,
priest-ridden, starving, and rebellious.
This volume contains extracts from
the correspondence of the Hon. Alex-
ander Stanhope, the youngest son of
the first Earl of Chesterfield, and
British minister at Madrid from
1689 to 1699, selected with a view of
exhibiting the state of that unhappy
country, and we have no doubt that
Lord Mahon, its skilful editor, has
made a judicious selection. The pe-
riod, although interesting with a view
to subsequent incidents of vast mo-
ment in European history, was, in it-
self, singularly devoid of great events,
and the following extracts will pove
to what a state of misery and degrada-
tion " manifold corruptions and long
continued misrule" will reduce even
the greatest empires.
The French had invaded Catalonia,
and several fortified places had fallen
successively into their hands, when,
early in 1694, the Court of Madrid
pretended to bestir itself, and great
levies were talked of.
" What they may do in the pro-
vinces/* writes the Ambassador, ** I know
not: but have seen in Madrid, that in
four months' time they have not, with
all their diligence, been able to get a
thousand men, though they are beating
the drums every day; for, as fast as
new ones come in, the former run away ;
and of them that at any time march
out of town, I am assured that always
Gent. Mag. Vol, XIII.
about one half of them drop off before i
reach Catalonia, and that by consen
their officers, having listed them only
those terms, to make a show in marc!
out of town. In short, nothing of g<
can be expected hence either by land
sea. The Spanish armada is never rex
to go out till mid-August, and then c
not keep the sea above fifteen da
without going into some port to careoH
and refit." (p. 41.)
The results verified the Ambassa-
dor's anticipations. On the 30th of
May 1694, we learn —
'' The French and Spanish armies lie
in sight of each other near Gerona ; only
a river between them. Though the French
are much more numerous, yet the Spanish
contemn them, and seem resolved to fight.
I fear they will suddenly be disabused by
their success, though they are of the opi-
nion in general that one Spaniard can
beat three GavachosJ'^*
A battle ensued in which the
Spaniards were defeated with great
loss, and their ill- success, which was
attributed to the new raised horse,
(p. 47,) placed the whole country at the
mercy of the French, who " destroyed
and burnt " wherever they came. On
the 21st June they sat down to the
siege of Gerona, (p. 49,) which sur-
rendered on the 30th, (ibid,) and " as
never any place defended itself worse,
so never any surrendered on more
infamous conditions. . . . These dis-
asters coming so thick and no visible
remedy appearing, had raised a very
high ferment in the minds of the
people here," [in Madrid,] but upon
the arrival of a British squadron on
their coasts, "all that fear is now
over, and joy appears in all counte-
nances." (pp. 50, 51.) The English
fleet, however, could do no more than
* A nickname for the French in Spain;
it was much used in the War of Inde-
pendence.
4 I
610
Review.— Spain under Charles the Second,
[JqiMf
secure the coast, whilst all the inland
country was at the mercy of the
French, who successively captured all
the fortified towns before which they
set themselves down. On the approach
of winter the English fleet retired, and
the war lingered. In the spring of
1695, the Catalan peasants took
arms, and their undisciplined valour,
exerting itself in defence of their
homes, effected much more than their
government had been able to accom-
plish. The French were kept at bay
until the summer of 1697, when the
Due de Vendome marched suddenly
upon Barcelona, and after a sharp
siege procured possession of that im-
portant city. This success seemed to
pave the way for the dismemberment
of the Spanish monarchy, but the
course of French ambition was sud-
denly turned into another channel by
the alarming illness of the sovereign
against whom they were contending.
The prospect of his death, which had
been regarded as an event far distant,
and the probable succession of a
Bourbon, totally changed the charac-
ter of the French policy, and rendered
them unwilling to increase their unpo-
pularity in a country, which they saw
clearly was about to be almostunited to
their own. The peace of Ryswick was
immediately concluded, and, most un-
expectedly, all the French conquests
were restored to Spain.
The health of the King, and the
question of the succession, were now
the great subjects of interest in Spain,
and the book before us contains a good
many interesting particulars illustra-
tive of the state of feeling upon both
those subjects. The King was only be-
tween thirty and forty years of age, but
his infirmities were those of a naturally
weak constitution, aggravated by some
physical deformities, and by injudi-
cious treatment
** He has a ravenous stomach, and swal-
lows all he eats whole, for his nether jaw
stands so much out, that his two rows
of teeth cannot meet ; to compensate
which he has a prodigious wide throat,
so that a gizzard or liver of a hen passes
down whole, and his weak stomach not
being able to digest it, he voids it in the
same manner." p. 79-
With such a frame it is no
wonder that he was sicklv, with
" a great weight of melancholy and
discontent upon his spirita^" (p. 81,)
" speaking very little, and that not
much to the purpose," (p. 101,) and
fancying that "the devils are very
busy tempting him." (ibid.) "Buf-
foons, dwarfs, and puppet shews"
(p. 101) were called in to amuse him,
but in vain ; every thing said, or done,
was, in his estimation, a tempting of
the devil, and he never thought him-
self " safe but with his confessor and
two friars by his side, whom he made
lie in his chamber every night"
(p. 102.) Probably it was these latter
worthies who suggested the bringing
to his Majesty the body of St. Diego
of Alcala. At any event that expedi-
ent was tried, and the King partially
recovered after it, which was esteemed
a very notable miracle, (p. 95.)
But the influence of the virtues of
the saint soon evaporated. " Hb
Majesty's ancles and knees swell
again," says the ambassador, "his
eyes bag, the lids are red as scarlet,
and the rest of his face a greenish
yellow. His tongue is travada, that
IS, he has such a fumbling in his speech,
those near him hardly understand bin,
at which he sometimes grows angry."
(p. 108.) He was taken abroad daily,
and it was his royal pleasure to en-
tertain himself with any country
people he chanced to meet, ordering
his attendants to keep their distance.
Of his conversation upon Uiese occa-
sions we have one specimen. Having
been told by his physicians that his
disease was occasioned by " obstruc-
tions," his Catholic Majesty inquired
of a simple gardener " whether there
were any obstructiom in the country
thereabouts ?" The gardener inno-
cently answered, " he did not know
what they were, nor whether there
might be any in that country, but this
he was sure, that he had never planted
any of them in his garden." With
which na'iveU, adds the ambassador,
the King was much pleased, and as
such related it to his courtiers when
they joined him. (p. 107.)
But in spite of the combined influ-
ences of the saint, the doctors, country
air, these innocent amusements^ an&
1840.]
Review.— -iS/^am under Charles the Second,
a "diet of hens and capons, fed
with viper's flesh," (p. 110,) his Ma-
jesty continued as far as ever from
recovery; "he looks like a ghost,
and moves like an image of clock-
work." (ibid,) Shortly afterwards,
however, an Aragonese doctor was
called in, and he applied a plaister to
the patient's stomach. The King at
once revived, and " better hopes were
entertained of his recovery." The
doctor had the credit, but, probably,
it ought to have been shared with
some other person, under whose ad-
vice he drank " two or three glasses of
pure wine every meal, whereas he had
never taken any thing before in all
his life but water boiled with a little
cinnamon." (p. 118.) Under the in-
fluence of these stimulants he rallied
for six months, at the end of which
we find it stated —
" His Catholic Majesty grows everyday
sensibly worse and worse. It is true that
last Thursday they made him walk in the
public solemn procession of Corpus, which
was much shortened for his sake. How-
ever, he performed it so feebly, that all
who saw him said he could not make one
straight step, but staggered all the way ;
nor could it otherwise be expected, after
he had had two falls a day or two before,
walking in his own lodgings, when his legs
doubled under him by mere weakness. In
one of them he hurt one eye, which ap-
peared much swelled and black and blue,
in the procession ; the other being quite
sunk into his head, the nerves, they say,
being contracted by his paralytic distem-
per. Yet it was thought fit to have him
make this sad figure in public, only to
have it put into the Gazette how strong
and vigorous he is." (p. 141.)
Sad exhibition indeed ! Miserable
mockery ! But the end was not yet.
The Spanish pharmacopeia was ex-
hausted, but there was yet one more
resource, and that nothing might be
left untried, it was had recourse to
before death came to his relief !
" The doctors, not knowing what more
to do with the King, to save their credit
have bethought themselves to say his ill
must certainly be witchcraft, and there is
a great court party who greedily catch at
and improve the report, which, how ri-
diculous soever it may sound in England,
I can assure you is generally believed here,
and propagated by others to serve a turn.
They, finding all their attempts in vain to
banish Madame Berlips, think this cannot
fail, and all possible endeavours arc
to find out any colourable pretei
make her the witch. Nor is it th,
time that game has been played he
with success.'* (p. 143.)
Nay, they sent for a famous e:
from Germany, of whom it was
that—
" He dissolved several charms by ^
the King has been bound ever sii*
child ; yet not all of them, but the
great hope of the rest ; and then he
not only have perfect health, but su*
sion." (p. 150.)
•
Yet these, remarks Lord MahcNB^
were the contemporaries of Locke dtf
Newton ! Many other facts no 1^
strikingly opposed to the mild phi-
losophy of those illustrious men will
be found in this volume, and especialljr
those relating to the religious condition
of that wretched country* The am**
bassador's son, the future first EmtI
Stanhope, writing from Majorca OH
May 5, IfiQl, says, —
*' I arrived here the3rdinst., and could
get but very ill accommodations, by reason
of the concourse of people which are here
at this time to assist at the Auto da F^,
which began this week, for Tuesday past
there were burnt here twenty-seven Jews
and heretics, and to-morrow I shall see
executed above twenty more ; and Tuesday
next, if I stay here so long, is to be another
Fiesta f for so they entitle a day dedicated
to so execrable an act. The greater part
of the criminals that are already and will
be put to death were the richest men of
the island, and owners of the best houses
in the city." (p, 12.)
Again, the ambassador writes": —
**Mr. Freeman left us last Saturday.
The same day I engaged in his place a
Swiss Protestant, a jeweller, formerly re-
commended to me by your friend Raab,
who going from me that night to his old
lodging, promising to return and bring
his trunk next morning to stay for alto-
gether, he not coming at his hour, I sent
to see what was become of him, and Mr.
Champion found the officers of the Holy
Office registering what little he had, and
they told him the person he inquired for
was carried away prisoner, by six that
morning, by orders of the Inquisition,
never, as I suppose, to be heard of more ;
and every body tells me I can have no
remedy." (p. 16.)
The following is no less striking,
and a more decided exhibition of the
612
Rkview,— S/>ai;i wider Charles the Second,
[Jone^
state of mannrrti and society amongst
the people of the Spanish metropolis :
"The 23ril instant, Mr. OrccnwooJ,
my chaplain, died of a dysentery, ^hen
I, not knowing how to dispose of his hody,
there being no ])lace o^nigncd for burying
hill Majesty's subjects, as by our articles
of peace there ought to be, and desirous
to proceed with the greatest caution pos-
Hible not to give offence, and to avoid any
disturbance that might happen among a
people that have such an abhorrence to
our religion, up<m the burial of one of our
ministers, thought I could not apply my-
self more properly for jirotection against
the rubble than to the Corregidor de Ma-
drid, who at present is brother to Uon
Pedro de Koncpiillo. So I sent him a
message acquainting him \vith what had
happened, and desiring the favour of him
to appoint some place in the fields, in
some piece of ground belonging to the
town, where we might lay the body to rest
in quiet, and that he would please to ap-
point some officer to be present at the
interment, to prevent any mischief which
might happen, or that my servants who
assisted might not be taken us murderers,
burying somebody they had assassinated
in private. The Corregidor received the
application with great civility, said he
could do nothing in it without the appro-
bation of the President of Castille, and
offered himself to accompany my agent
immediately to him. So they went to-
gether to the President, and ofter the
President and Corregidor had discoursed
some time alone, the Corregidor came out
to my agent, telling him the President
had ordered an alguazil should go along
with him, and they two choose any place
in the fields near the town they should
judge proper for the occasion, and that
the alguazil should be ready to attend at
tlie place, at the time a])pointed, the same
evening ; all which was accordingly done,
and I sent the body out in my coach be-
tween 7 and 8 at night, with half a dozen
of my servants ; and the alguazil meeting
them as was appointed, they laid the body
in the grave, and so departed. 1 hoped
he might have rested in quiet till the re-
surrection ; but next day, about 5 in the
afternoon, I found I was mistaken, when
word was brought me it was taken up by
an Alcalde, and carried to the Carcel de
Corte, the coffin broken open, his shroud
torn off, the body exposed to public view,
and a consult of surgeons sat upon him,
on pretence it was some person murdered.
I sent my secretary immediately to the
President of Castille, who being then in a
Junta of Council, could not be spoken
with, but the complaint being sent into
liim, he only ordered that the body should
be restored to my secretary, whereas he
might have considered I was in the same
difficulties how to proceed as at first, and
that a body, after having been buried a
day and night, and taken up again, will
not admit of the Spanish phlegm in re-
solving what is to be done wiUi it. To
conclude, the body was again brought to
my house, and I forced immediately to
bury it in my cellar. They had cut and
mangled it in several parts, and some not
decent to be named, and tore o£f most of
the hair of his head. This happened on
Thursday last, and is the general enter-
tainment of all companies in town; yet
to this hour I have not had any message
either from the President or the Alcalde
who acted the barbarity to excuse it, so
that I could no longer dissemble so sen-
sible on affront, believing their Majesties*
honour highly concerned therein as well
as the law of nations, and humanity itself
notoriously violated. I send your Lord-
ship a copy of the memorial which I de-
livered on Monday to the Marques de
Mancera.'* (pp. 17 — 19.)
A civil answer was retorned, and
there the matter ended. Upon a
subsequent occasion the ambaasador
writes, —
' ' I have since interceded by our Queen^s
command, and in her Majesty's name, for
the liberty of four others of the same na-
tion [France] in the Inquisition at Bilbao,
and have had a flat denial, the King an-
swering me that he never intermeddius in
any proceedings relating to matters of
religion, though against his own dcunes-
tics." (p. 58.)
Who can be surprised that of a
country in which such practices were
treated in such a manner it might also
be written, —
** The scarcitv of money here is not to
be believed but oy eye-witnesses, notwith-
standing the arrival of so many flotas and
galleons, supplies not to be expected again
in many years, for the last flota went out
to India empty, and M nihih nikii fit.
Their army in Catalonia, by the laigest
account, is not 8000 men, one hau of
them Germans and Walloons, who are sll
starving and deserting as fiist as they can.
When I came first to Spain they had
eighteen good men of war ; these are now
reduced to two or three, I know not which,
A wise council might find some remedy
for most of these defects, but they hate
and are jealous one of another ; and if i(nj
among them pretends to public spirit toi
advise anything for the good of the oovn*
try, the rest fall upon him, nor is ho tq
1840.]
Reniw. — Csitennole's Forty Semumf.
013
hope for any support from his matter, who
has the greatest facility of any prince in
the world in parting with his best friends
and dearest favourites.
*' This is a summary account of the
present state of Spain ; which, how wretch-
ed soever it may seem to others, they are
in their own conceit very happy, believing
themselves still the greiiest nation in the
world, and are now as proud and haughty
as in the days of Charles the Fifth." (pp.
120, 121.)
Such was Spain under Charles the
Second ! Lord Mahon's yolume is not
only an important addition to oar stock
of historical materials, bat conveys also
a political lesson of no ordinary inte-
rest and value.
Forty SermoM. By the Rev. R. Cat-
termole.
THIS Volume is dedicated to the
Bishop of London, and has an intro-
ductory essay on the National Church,
chiefly from the author's recollection
of a conversation with the late Mr.
Coleridge. In the first Sermon, p.
13, should the "final condition of
the redeemed" be compared to " the
condition of Adam in his nntiied in-
nocence " ? or rather, should it not
find its proper comparison with the
state to which we prenme Adam would
have been exalted by God, when his
paradisiacal existence had reached
its allotted limit? (P. 170.) " Gkid is
80 far from being the Author qf 8m,
that he has by an infinity of methods
endeavoured to draw us awav from it,"
&c. Would it not be of advantage if
divines would explain to their readers
the true signification of those pass-
ages which occur in Scripture, where
God is said to be /Ae author </ evt/,
as " I make peace, and create eviL"
Itaiah, Also, it is to be observed that on
this mysterious subject the language
of our divines is not always consist-
ent with each other. With regard to
parables (p. 282), we conceive that
the primitive method of teaching wm
by symbols, to which the Jews had
been accustomed from the days of So-
lomon to those of Christ ; thos Pytha-
goras taught, and thus Socrates (and
the Socratic wisdom is said to be pre*
berved in the ifisopian fables) ; there-
fore it docs not appear to os to be ne-
cessarv to have recourse to the kUmd'-
H€$$ of the Jews as the rcMon of oar
Lord's parables i or to suppose with oar
author, " that tlie langaage of instroc-
tion (i. e. of direct moral instraction,
in plain langaa^,) would be plainer
than the figurative characters of pa-
rables." On the subject of oar Lord's
relation to the Virgin Mary (p. 341),
and his filial duty and regard, is not
the silence of the Evangelists, with
regard to the Virgin Mary in the in-
terval between our Lord's resurrecv
tion and ascension, Tery remarkable ?
Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mo«
ther of James, and other women were
at the tomb ; where was the mother of
Jesus ? who was confided to St. John's
care, and who must have heard of the
reports from the Apostles of their
Lord's appearance upon earth. Per-
haps the argument of our author iNi
the subject of " Mary's maternal
claim being extinguished at the death
of Christ," may partfy account for this
awful and mysterious circumstance^
where all was mysterious.
At p. 386 the author justly obserfct t
"A service purely spiritual or intd-
lectual is unsuited to our eondition.
Unless there be sometiiing without to
rouse and recal men to tie perlbnn*
aace of religious duty, the Diety of the
best will beoome languid ; whUe from thi
minds of the worst, all thou^t of lell-
gion will wear awav by degrees, sod he
forgotten. It has been stated as a AmC,
that among all those sects wfaldh spraag
flrom the rsligioas and poUtieal fSBnuent
of the 1 7th century, that which Ud
chOm to the purest spirituality (L e. tfaa
QMAtrt), ami that most expressly seomad
the use of ceremonies and litoal ob-
servances, however simple or venenbiet
as needless and ImpSitineQt IntnMJoni
between the soul of man and Us CreataTi
has long since hardened into a fixed and
almost sordid worldliness."
The fact is undoubted ; the curiow
part of the question is, how much haa
been owing to the failure of tha fai*
temal principle, set op as the guide af
conduct, how much to the efiSct pro.
dnced upon a peculiarly sensuous soci-
ety from without. It would be wortfi
knowing, also, how they reeoncila
their mi/t-seda/ system with the ad-
vocacy of the most Ii6eral sentineato.
on all moral and political questions.
This Volume of Sermons may be rt-
commended, both for the eamestncaa
with which the great duties of rsli*
G14 Review.— H»/0ry 0/ the Campaign tn R'once in 1814. [Jidtie,'
gion are enforced, and the propriety
and elegance of the language in which
they are conveyed.
//tf/ory of tfip Cninpaign in Francff in
1814, from the Ru89ian of H, M.
Danilefskv.
A VERY copious, elaborate, and
apparently accurate account of that
Campaign which for ever closed the
military operations and triumphs of
Napoleon. The author says (p. 157),
•' in this Campaign, whicli is errone-
ously held up as a masterly display of
Napoleon's military skill, if wc accept
hisadmirablc movements from Sezanne
against Bliichcr, he did not shoir Af'm-
selfi'qual to his (jreat reputation.'* At
p. 1G9, the author observes, that
** * After the victories of Napoleon in
France, the EmptTor Alexander refused
to listen to the general voice, and steadily
rejected a peai*e, demanded by a short-
slighted policy, which never reflected,
that such a peace must proTC the source
of endless woe in Europe.* ' The Aus-
trians had their eyes continually turned
to the army of the south at Lyons, which
was destined to secure not only our com-
munications with Swizerland and Germany,
but what was to them more important,
and to a certain degree the object in
the war, to aid in the Conquest of Italy,
while Alexander insisted that the true
object was the overtlirow of Napoleon.
The Austrians did not de.sirc the down-
fall of Napoleon ; on the contrary, they
wished to help him on the throne, but
with the frontiers of 1 792, and for that
reason were purposely slow in their ope-
rations."* (P. 135.)
At p. 244, we have the closing view
of Bliichcr's military actions. After.
Napoleon's retreat from Laon,
*' Bliicher, the most indefatigable of the
allied commanders, inflexible in his hatred
to Napoleon, with an army under his
command far more numerous than that of
the enemy, remained till 7 March, that is
nine days, in complete inaction, placing
his army in cantonments, and spending
his time in making arrangements in the
commissariat. * The true object of our
stay here was not a military one,' he
wrote to Wintzingerode on the 2nd
March. * The only object I have in view,
is to give repose to a harassed army, and,
as far as possible, provide It with bread.'
That to such a degree his bodily sufferings
had gained the ascendant over BlQcher*s
mental faculties, is prored hf the fbUow-
ing occurrence : — The Quaiier-Maitar
General of C. Langereau'a corps, haviiif
waited on him at Imh for orders, finuia
him sitting by the fire, apparency fai deep
meditation. He announced his arrirafi
and requested orders relative to certain
matters submitted to BlOcher's dedsion
by the commander of the corps. Hie
Field Marshal answered not a word ; the
Colonel repeated his questions, but atOl
got no answer. He remained standing
for some minutes before BlQcher in a state
of embarrassment, from which, howerer,
he was relieved by Greneral Gneisenav,
who was sitting at a table In a comer of
the room, and said to him, ' Don't you see
that the Field Marshal is not in a condi-
tion to give you an answer ? ' The fact isi
that from the day of the battle at Laon,
BlOcher was so weak, that during the re-
mainder of the campaign till the taking
of Paris, he rode in a carriage, being un-
able to sit on horseback. By confining hlu
to a sick bed, and not allowing him to aaaisk
in giving the death-blow to Uie Frenbhi It
seemed as if Fate had resenred the finil
destruction of Napoleon for that army in
which Alexander was present.'*
P. 412. Of the Russian army the
author says —
" In our firit campaigns ttgalnst Ni*
poleon, the French were undoubtedly mi-
perior to us in skill and experience. But
from the pear lUlS, their inferiority was
evident to all. * * * "We may add
that, from the year 181S, discipline aad
precision in the service of the front
as well as the commissariat, had Tidbly
decayed in Napoleon's armies, while they
advanced towards perfection in the army
of Alexander. The care bestowed by the
latter on these important ob|ect8 neter
slackened, while the former became erery
day more indiffierent to the Inereeiikg
disorder among his troops. To the
Russian army, case-hardened in the fin
of many combats, bearing eTCnly the re*
straint of strict discipline, and filled widi
the warmest sentiments of duty to God
and to their sovereign, was reserved the
chief parts in the campaign of France, ih.
which the remains of Napoleon's l^onii
were destroyed, and the deliiretanoe of
Europe achieved."
Reconnoitring Voyagw, Sre. tn SmUk
Australia. By W. H. Leigh, JBtqt
WITHOUT any pretensions to su-
perior scientific knowledge, or any
boasts of his acquirements, Uie adthor
1840.] Rsviiw.P-*Leigli's Vojfeffei te Swih AufMHa.
016
of this yolume, a fturgeon onboard the
South Australian Emigrant barque,
lias given us the result of hia experience
during hit travels in a very pleasing
Yolume. It may be read with profit
by those who never intend to move
from England's shores i-*to those who
intend trusting their fates and fortanei
in the laud ofkangaroos and opossums
it will be of great practical use. The
author noted down what he saw, and
has given us his Journal. This plan,
if judiciously followed, is always suc-
cessful. We want observations, not
reasoning ; facts, not theories : and
we want to have them fresh from the
leaves in which at the time they have
been described. The author observes
(p. 1 9)» on the colour of the sea, when
about crossing the line,—
' ' I have many timei remarked upon the
colour of the sea ; and in these latitudes
there are good opportunities for noticing
its sudden and ourions ohanges) one day
it is a dark indigo, then it beoonies a deep
green f another time it is a vivid mUtm^
marine. These changes cannot be effect-
ed by the bottom, as in cases where the
depth if inconsiderable : thus a fine light
sand produces an apple-green ; black mud
a dark blue water; near the mouth of
rivers, being mixed with earth, it is of a
brownish colour. The deception of the
colour of the sea, as it is aiscted by the
sun and clouds, can only be observM by
looking through a long tube, near to Its
surface : a small cloud often makes a
great change in it. It is not therefore the
water that changes, but a combinatiOD be-
tween the bottom and atmosphere. The
green water of Greenland forms one par-
ticuUr feature between the parallels of
74'' and 80°, as it regards the depth of the
sea and the light of the sun at various
depths. At 679 feet below the surface of
the ocean it is quite dark ; at 311 feat it
is moonlight.*'
P. 20 :—
*' We eanght a fiying fish aUve, and pat
it into a bucket of water to watch its
movements; after swimming round and
reconnoitring he prepared fdr his flight,
vhiek tret ptrfimntd kg mowing ki9 Ml
very rapidlr from side to side till he ap-
peared to have obtained suAcient mo-
mentum^—then, lncUnln| a little on one
side, out he Jumped, ftis he perfbrmed
several times, tul the braises flrom the
hard deck finished him.**
The author says,—
<' I do not smt to the notion that tfw
cause of tiielr m^t Is the pnrsidt ol thsir
enemies, nor do I think they sre the nMt
harassed of sU fish," ^.
In this we agree. Their flight ia pfo«
bably for the moat part in aport,-HUi
a lamb sports in the meadows, or a
dog delights in plunging into tha
water.
Viarg in America. Part Second, Bf
Captain Marryat. 3 ooii.
WE have been much interested by
many parts of this book $ both aa n*
gards the Interest of the fhcta and iho
lively and animated manner In whidk
they are described. The accovnt of
the steam disasters in the first volame»
and particularly the loss of the Mo*
selle, is given in characters of deep
and tragic eloquence ; we also recom*
mend the author'a history of the mU
^ration to the native States, aa poasaaa
ing much useful information. Capt*
Marryat haa entered into tba aaMoel
of the newspaper press, and haa gma
us some anecdotes concerning It, wUdi
are highly amusing and charaeterlatle.
Some, he says, do great credit to
American talent, bat many an dis«
gracefiil, vulgar, and personal ; othafo
are full of ignorance and bombasts «i«
An editor down Eaat, speaking of
is own merits, thus concludes :—
Si,
"I sm a real catsstrophe— a
creation — Mount Vesavins at tha top,
with red-hot lava pouring down the cratVp
and roasting nations— my fiMa are loefc-
ing mountains— arms, wulg-Uberty polsa,
with iron springs ; every step I take iiaa
earthquake every blow I strike Is a elip
of thunder— and every breath I brsathrm
a tornado { — my disposltloa Is Dneesol'a
best, and goes off at a flesh i wliea |
blast, there will be nothfa^^ left Vol a
hoto 3 feet In dreumfereneai and ao eaA
hi ito di^."
The publisher of a weatem pap*
says, in honour of hb oralW—
" Many who have aequlrsd great ham
and oekbrity In the world, began CMr
career asprinters* Sir W. Blsekstone, tka
lesmed EagUshoasDmentatoroflaireiWae
a printer by trade. Kkig Ckmrkt Me
Firaiwoiomrinior,tmdmoinmfl^onmt$h
worked oi tic trmio yTer koJM eitwdfl
lAe ikrono ^MmglmJL'*
Gir>
Review. — Marryat*8 Diany m America.
[June,
The account of ^fr. Kennet. the
Kditor of the Morning Herald of New
York, is an admirable example of the
character of pcme of his brotherhood
not so far off as America. Before
Capt. Marry at had been six weeks in
the country, he was attacked bv this
wretch, and at the same time the paper
was sent him with this note on the
margin : —
II I
StMid twenty dollars, and it shall be
stopped.' ' I only wish you may get it/
said 1 to myself. We all too well know
the base und licentious character of some
IMurt of the press in England: ^The mis-
creants who talk of honor, and tlic slaves
who declaim on liberty.' But C. Hamil-
ton says, * Our newspaper and periodical
press is bad enough. Its sins against pro-
priety cannot be justified, and ought not
to be defended. But its virtue is meek-
ness, its liberty restraint, and even its
atrocities are virtues when compared with
that system of brutal and ferocious out-
rage which distinguishes the press in
America ; in England, even an insinuation
against personal honour is intolerable. A
hint, a breath, the contemplation even of
a possibility of tarnish, such things are
sufficient to poison the tranquillity, unless
met with prompt vindication, to ruin the
character of a public man ; but in America
it is thought necessary to have recourse
to other measures. The strongest epi-
thets of a ruffian vocabulary are put into
requisition.' "
In his chapter on Authors, Books,
&c. Capt. Marryat informs us of a
circumstance attending the republica-
tion of English works in that country,
so flagitious, as to demand public ex-
posure and abhorrence.
'* I cannot (he says,) dismiss this subject
without pointing out a most dishonest
practice, which has latterly been resorted
to in the United States, and of which, a
copyright only, I am afraid, can prevent
the continuance. Works which have be-
come standard authorities in England, on
account of the purity of their Christian
principles, are republished in America,
with whole pages altered^ advantage being
taken of the great reputation of the Or-
thodox writers to disseminate Unitarian
and Socinian principles.*'
There are many other subjects treat-
ed of in this work, which will be found
full of interest — as that of the Society
on the Mississipi, if Society it may
7
be called, where every man carries a
Bowie-knife in his bosom. Another,
on the feelings in the United States
towards England, which Capt. Mar-
ryat says he soon discovered, were of
" deep irreconcileable hatred." 1^ ac-
countof the Indian Tribes, and of the
Florida war, in the third volame, will
be read with interest.
Poems written in Newfoundland, By
Henrietta Prescott.
MISS Prescott has nothing to do,
but to proceed in the course which
she has so well begun ; Poetry re-
quires a good ear, good taste^ and good
feeling; and she possesses a compe-
tent share of these qualities. We
give a specimen of her productions
with pleasure.
A STORY.
'' Come, you would have me tell a story,
Of ramble in a grassy lane.
Or visit to the castle hoary,
Or gay shell-gathering by the main —
One of the many tales I 've told,
Of times when I was only six yean old.
I love to think of those gone day».
When I 'd one sister and a brother.
And we together sang glad lays,
Or sate in silence round my mother,
And hung, as you do now, on every word,
Of well known tale, more lov'd, the
oft'ner heard.
That brother is beyond the sea,
That sister seen but in my dreamt,
But ye grow up in love to me,
Our parent's smile upon us beams.
So 'tis not sad to think of that gone time,
Though we are dwellers in a stranger
clime.
Come then I sit round, and I will talk —
You dear one, rest upon my knee ;
My tale shall be about a walk.
Not of the castle, nor the sea.
But of a hill with low thick gnas o*er-
spread,
To which a long and shady pathway led.
It was a pleasant place, that hill,
Altho' no tree grew on its fiu»,
No sound was near of gurgling rill,
And yet it was a pleasant place.
For there the happy village child mUit
find
The early blae-bells dandng in tht
wind.
1810.] Rkview. — Poems by Miss Prescott ant/ T. Slope.
617
And as the bee was passing by,
The rich thyme flowers might tempt
her there,
Or in the furze bush she might lie,
Rock'd in that nest so sweet and fair.
Humming aloud, all through the lively
day,
To call her sister bees to come and play.
And there were often moths that flew
Close to the thyray grass at even,
Their small wings lined with tender blue
Bright as the hue of summer Heaven;
How many a time I've watched those fair
moths skim [dim.
Across the blooming turf when day grew
It was in summer long ago,
When I was but a little child.
Not like the ancient dame you know,
But very young and very wild,
I went with others young and wild as I,
Up that rude hill — a merry company.
Far off we saw the water shining
And tall masts bending to the breeze,
Far off we saw green branches twining,
And glad birds singing in the trees ;
And in the cornfields all along the lane.
Red poppies gleam'd and danced among
the grain.
All these were sights we loved right well.
And yet we did not linger long.
But u'er each mound and down each dell.
With laugh and joke and shout and song.
Bounding in joy beneath the cloudlesi sun.
We paused not till the destin'd place was
won.
And then how gay and pleased were we !
A large and pictured kite we brought.
The time was come ! we let it free.
And up it rose as quick as thought.
Till like a tiny speck on high it hung,
So far we hcarce could tee the shade it
flung.
Oh ! had you heard our laughter then.
Kinging along the broad bill tide;
It must have startled every wren.
That in the hawthorn bush did hide,
Sitting within her warm and mossy nest.
Her blue eggs covered by her russet breast.
It must have startled every bee
That flew within long space around.
For over fleld and over sea
Rnng gaily out that merry sound.
While, like a living thing, our beauteoai
kite
Rose up still higher in the lunny light.
This is my ule ! — is it too short ?
Then, dear ones, I will tell yea more,
It shall not be about our iport.
For that, when night came on, waso*er.
But rather of. the friends who played
together [weather.
Thro* that long happy day of luromer
GiNT. Mao. Vol. XIII.
My children, some of these I said
Were gay and vrild and fall of play,
Are numbered with the quiet dead.
To them the cheerful light of day,
The things they loved, the things most
dear to us, [that ?
Are nothing now — know you why it is
I see you do — remember then
To cast unkindness firom your heart.
We know not how, we know not when,
We may be summoned to depart.
Let us then love each other on the earth,
In storm and calm, in sorrow and in mirth.
For 'tis a bitter thing indeed,
When those we lov'd are dead and gone.
To know we've made their kind hearts
bleed,
Tho* many a time we might have done
Some action we should love to think of now,
While cold damp clay lies on thelov'done*s
brow.
The Jewel ; being Sacred, Dvmetiie,
Narrative, and Lyric Poemt ; teUeted
by Thomas Slope.
THIS is a very pleasing and ju-
dicious selection of short poems. We
will give one of Professor Wilson's,
p. 27.
Magdalen's Hymn.
The air of death breathes thro' our souls.
The dead all round us lie.
By day and night the death-bell tolls.
And says, — Prepare to die.
The face that in the morning sun
We thought so wondrous fsir.
Hath faded ere his course was run,
Beneath his golden hair.
I see the old man in his grave,
With thin locks silvery-grey,
I see the child's bright tresses wave
In the cold breath of the clay.
The living ones we lov'd the best.
Like music all are gone !
And the wan moonlight bathes in rest
Their monumental stone.
But not when the death prayer is said.
The life of life departs,
The body in the grave is laid,
Its beauty in our hearts.
At holy midnight, voices sweet
Like fragrance fill the room.
And haply, ghosts with noiseless feet.
Come brightning from the tomb.
We know who sends the visions bright.
From whose dear side they came ;
We veil our rage before thy light,
We bless our Saviour's name.
This frame of dust, this feeble breath
The plague may soon destroy ;
4 K
618
RBViBw.—Elixa Cook's Poems.
[Jbbc,
We think on thee, and feel in death,
A deep and awful joy.
Dim is the light of vanished yean.
In the glory yet to come ;
Oh I idle grief I oh I foolish tears,
When Jesus calls us home.
Like children for some bauble fair,
That weep themseWes to rest.
We part with life— awake, and Thee—
The jewel in our breast.
Poemt. i?y Eliza Cook. 18mo.
WE prefer, in this volume, the
shorter and lighter pieces to the more
elaborate poems ; and the story of
Melaia is too much like Lord Byron to
please our taste, which was formed
before his Lordship wrote. We select
the following as a pleasing specimen :
THY KINGDOM COMK.
'Tis human lot to meet and bear
The common ills of human life.
There's not a breast but hath its share
Of bitter pain and Tezing strife ;
The peasant in his lowly shed,
The noble 'neath a gilded dome,
Each will atsome time bow his head.
And ask and hope — Thj Kingdom come I
When some deep sorrow, sorely slow,
Despoils the cheek and eats the heart.
Laying our busy projects low,
And bidding all earth's dreams depart—
Do wf not smile, and calmly turn
From the wide world*a tumultnuns ham.
And feel the immortal essence yearn.
Rich with the thoaght— Thy Kingdom
come I
The wares of care may darkly bound
And buffet, till, our strength outworn,
We stagger, as they gather round.
All shattered, weak, and tempest-tom ;
But there's a light-honae for the soul
That beacons lo a stormless home.
It safely guides through roughest tidies.
It shines — it sares — ^Thy Kingdom cornel
To gaxe upon the loTed in death.
To mark the closing beamless eye,
To press dear lips, and find no breath.
This, this is life's worst agony ;
But God, too merciful, too wise.
To leave the lorn one in despair.
Whispers while snatching those we prise —
My Kingdom come ! yell meet them
there.
j4h Apology for the Doctrine of Apos-
tolical Succetnon, j-e. By the Horn,
and Rev. A. Perceval. — A very learned,
well-reasoned, and interesting inquiry into
the mode by which the authority of God is
conveyed into the acts of the Christian
ministry, and into the Apostolical Succes-
sion of its Bishops. The author examines
the scheme of the Independent t or the Con-
gregational scheme, and that of the Pret-
byteriane ; and after the rejecting those, he
proceeds to shew that the system of Epis-
copacy is unassailable, even if the evidence
of Divine institution shall fail. The Eccle-
siastical testimony in support of Episco-
pacy is shewn by the universal consent of
the Christian World for 1800 years, and
traced carefully through the Fathers of the
Church. There are some curious and va-
luable papers in the appendix — among
which are tables of the Episcopal descent
of the present Archbishop of Canterbury.
This work cannot be well abridged, but we
strongly recommend it, as examining an
important point, with strength of argu-
ment, and fairness of discussion.
The Govemees. By Lady Blessington,
2 vols. — Lady Blessington is a very clever
person, and writes very entertaining books.
The present production, The Governess,
though evidently sketched in baste, and
coloured a little extravagantly, presents
several striking portraits of the vain, the
selfish, and the vulgar, drawn with force
and humour. The incidents are not very
natural, nor are some of the monJ
changes produced in the characters very
probable ; but the story is well told ; the
contrasts lively and agreeable, and some
of the details, and particular converss-
tions and occurrences, wrought out widi
effect. Mrs. Marsden and her son Her-
cules are described to the life ; and, we
can answer for it, vrithout caricature.
Miss Vincent Robinson is also, though a
little too absurd, admirably drawn ; but
Mr. Seymour is too faintly sketched, and
the Quakers are somewhat theatrical. At
p. Ill, vol. i. Lady Blessington (litmg
where she does) ought to have known that
Healing or Hacton coaches, never go
from the White Horse Cellar, Piccadilly.
Christian Watci^fuiness in the prospect
qfSicknesSt Mourning, and Death. By the
Rev. J. Eames, D.D. ISmo. — ^We have
read this little volume vrith pleasure, for
it is composed with much care and know-
ledge, and its pages are ornamented with
a warm and devout spirit of Christian ho-
liness. The great subjects of a Cbristisn
life, the duties, the trials, the temptations
of the world are practically examined, and
accompanied with the advice and exhorta-
1840.]
Miscellaneous Reviews.
619
tionA which the Scriptures afford. The
offices and service of the ministry are
commented on, and their excellence point-
ed out ; and the whole work is written
in a manner to engage the affections, and
satisfy the understanding of all serious and
Christian people. As we have only room
for one extract, we shall take it from our
author's admirable character of Sir Mat-
thew Hale, p. 341. — " A writer not less
eminrnt for his piety and wisd("m, than
for his practical application of them, has
testified to this truth in a passage so full
of force, that I cannot forbear alluding to
it. The secret direction of Almighty God
is principally seen in matters relating to
thf j^ood of the soul ; yet it may also be
found in the conrerns of this life, which
a tc'>0(l man that fears God, and be^s his di-
mtit)n. shall very often, if not at all times,
tiiul. 1 cm call your experience to testi-
fy, that even in the external actions of my
whole life, I was never disappointed of
the best guidance, and direction, when
I iiHve in humility and sincerity im-
pl<)re<l the secret direction and guid-
ance of divine wisdom." This testimony
is in itself valuable, because unquestion-
able, when we look at the character of tht
witness. He was not only a Christian of
exemplary piety, — that were enough, and,
as fur as he himself was individually con-
cerncd, all in all, — but, in reference to
his iiitluence on society at large, he was
far more, and his example is pro}H)rtioQ-
ally of wider itifluence. He was a man of
extcii.sive erudition, vast acquirements,
ff.ii;acious discernment, sound discretion,
Hiid noble judgment. Of honour unim-
prarhed, even in times of unparalleled dif-
ficulty, he pursued with inflexible integri-
ty the path of virtue and honour. Through
good report and evil report he kept on his
way, unmoved by either from his ap-
pointed course; and, leaving his envious
maligner to the bitterness of bis own
heart, he committed his way unto the
Lord, and calmly waited God*s leisure to
nkuke his righteousness clear. He was
what every truly great man was found to
be, humble before God, in proportion
to the blessings vouchsafed to him, and
kindly disposed towards his fellow crea-
tures, in proportion as he was exalted
above them. He never forgot the unan-
swerable question — * What hast thou, that
thou hast not received ? * Nor was he ever
unmindful that for the use of every talent
committed to his charge, whether learn-
ing, wealth, or station, or the influence
arising from either, he would be finsUy re-
sponsible to God.
Poems qf Chhalry, Faery, and the
Olden Time, By Walter Prideanz, Esq.
— The Poems in this little volume are
written with animation and elegance.
The versification is varied, and in har-
mony with the subject. The express-
sion, except in one or two instances, (as
p. 105, *' a lovely island /ay«,") is correct.
W'e should have quoted as a specimen of
the author's genius the Lay of Sir Amys,
but it is too long to extract ; and a shorter
quotation would not do it justice. We
therefore give, from p. 131,
THE hunter's song.
*' The woodcale in the forest has just began to
sing, [the wing ;
The hare is in the mead, and the rooks are on
In the eye of every blossom the night has left
a tear, [disappear.
The moon begins to pale, and the stars to
The hunters are meeting.
With horse and with bound.
And blithe hearts are greeting
The horn's merry sound.
The Baron and the Squire, the Yeoman and the
Knight, [dight.
With many a gentle lady, in cap and kirtle
Are riding from the castle, a noble sight to see.
And the treih air is ringing with merriment
and glee ;
Away to the green glen t
Away to the wood !
When hunted with his yoemen
The bold Robin Hood.
By meadow and by stream to the green wood
we go, [the roe ;
Prom the bed in the fern leaves we frighten
His eyes are wild and beaatiftU, his antlers are
wide, [glance of pride.
And round him for a moment he throws a
Then onwards he boondeCh,
In the face of the mom,
And merrily sonndeth
The voice of the bom.
From leash and tether loosenM, o*er thicket
and o'er lea.
Away go our dogs, and then follow we.
Away goes the venison thro' forest and thro'
mead, [steed.
And then follow we with hound and with
Onwards before os.
Right nobly he bounds.
And merry is the chorus
Of horns and of bounds.
O'er brook and o'er briar, away flies the dear.
Still we pursue him, our dogs foUow near,
Old Herod's on his haunch, and RuAis on hie
side, [hide.
And brave Chanticleer has flwten*d on his
Thro' the wide stream be dashes.
And sinks in his gore.
Where the hill-truant splashes
The rork-bedded shore.
620
Then back to onr homes rigfbt merrily we ride,
Dispersing thro' the coontry, by vale and
mountain side, [hall,
The Yoeman to the farm, and the Baron to his
The bound to the kennel, and the banter to bis
stall.
The faggot boms cheerily.
The wassail bowl is bright,
And merrily, right merrily,
We pass the winter night."
Miscellaneous Reviews.
[June,
of Oxford on the sabject of tbe Oxford
writers has been most wise and jndicioaf,
and very worthy of his high atation and
character.
New Pantheon ; or^ Mythology of all
Nations, ByGeorgeCrabb.il.lf. 18mo.—
Mr. Crabb (the author of the Technico-
logicaland HistoHcal Dictionaries,) is an
experienced writer, who may well be
trusted to compile a useful manual of this
kind : but we cannot, in this age of ex-
cellent woodcuts, speak highly of its em-
bellishments ; and what could be in viler
taste than the first, in which a stupid-
looking boy, in a jacket and white trow-
sers, the Bible lying aside clotedt is
being instructed in " Crabb's Mythology"
by a balf>naked Mercury 1 We do not
imagine any harm is meant; but we
really think the design is worse than
foolish.
^ Call to Union t on the principles of
the English Reformation ; a Sermon, By
W. F. Hook, b,D
The Gospelf and the Gospel only^ the
Basis of Education. By W. F. Hook,
D.D. — We esteem these among the most
valuable discourses which have reached us
for a very long period. The former is
distinguished by extensive and familiar
knowledge of the subject, sound and judi-
cious reasoning, candid statement, and a
truly Christian feeling, ** forbearing and
forgiving.'* Dr. Hook's vindication of
the Oxford tracts is most complete and
triumphant : and his observations on
the liturgy, offices, and ceremonials of
our church at the present day, compared
with primitive usages, and with the original
meaning and intent of these usages, is im-
portant, and we think will lead to much
practical benefit. The real principles of
the Reformation are stated with accuracy,
and we trust that his and other publica-
tions that have lately appeared, especially
those from Oxford, will make these prin-
ciples more clearly known, and more
willingly received than they have been.
With regard to Mr. Fronde's Remains,
valuable as the book is, and sorry as we
should have been not to have had it, we
think it ought to have been accompanied
by cautionary notes, and short exposi-
tions and statements of doctrines, which,
in his forcible and somewhat intemperate
manner of expression, are liable to mis-
representation. The conduct of the Biihop
Church Rates, a reply to the Eiim-'
burgh Review. By the Rev. W. Goode,
M.A. Rector of St. AntholnCe. Letter
L — ^We have only room to say tliat Mr.
Goode has completely overthrown the
assertions of his adversary, and fnUy
proved the superior accuracy of his reason-
ing, the soundness of his statements, and
extent of his knowledge. We consider
this question of Church Rates to be most
important indeed ; it is the strong out-
work of the edifice of the national church,
the overthrow of which would go far in
these times to encourage the spirit and
increase the number of its enemies. The
thanks of every churchman are due to
Mr. Goode, for his most able exposition
of the subject, which we are sorry that
want of space forbids us entering into
more minutely.
The Plague and Quarantine, By John
Murray. S2 vols — ^The object of this very
sensible and judicious pamphlet is to give
a short account of the facts connected
with the question of Epidemia and Bnde-
mia, in referehce to contagious and infec-
tious disease, and to describe the best pro-
phylactic means Some forcible observa-
tions are made on Dr. Bowring*s opinions
regarding the non-contagious nature of
the plague, and some valuable remarks on
the treatment of hydrophobia.
An Inquiry into the morbid ^ecU ^
Deficiency qfFood, Sfc. By R. B. How-
ard, M, D. — ^The observations of the
writer are directed towards the occurrenos
of distresses among the destitute poor,
occurring from bad or insufficient food.
The symptons of disease are careftUly
noted, and the method of treatment. It
is an able pamphlet.
'' This is my Body,** a Sermon prtsieked
hrfore the Lord Mayor, ^\st April 1839.
— ** Our Father,** do, 26/A May 1839.—
♦• A Citizen of no mean City,** do. S8/A
Sept, 1839. By Rev, Charles Cator,
A,M. — The second of these discourses
enforces the duty incumbent on a Chris-
tian nation, to spread among unenlight-i-
ened people the knowledge of the ChristisB
faith : not only the Bible as the test of
truth, but also the Liturgy of the Chnrch
of England, as the purest form of sacred
words extant. The first treats of the
errors of popery, and the spirit of Rmmb-
ism. The third shows the evils irfiich hxm
been produced by dissent and methodisB.
The whole of them are worthy of the re-
1840.]
Miscellaneimi Remetos.'
621
patation of the preacher, and of the per*
sons to whom they were addreased. Mr.
Cator writes with the leal end knowledge
of a pious and learned chnrelmiany and
we trust he will long oontinue *' one of
the faithful watchmen of the little flock of
the Church of England.*'
j4 Lecture mtrodueiorp to the ttudjf
of Philosophy, delivered ut the College ^f
Cheihnnt. By Joseph Sartain, PkUoe*
Tutor. — k xerj logical, acnte, and ex-
cellent disquisition, which we recommend
to students as an useful introduction to
the studj of philosophy.
A Letter to T. D, AeUmd, Eeq. M.P.
on the eye tern of Education in the Dio»
cesan Schoole for the Middle Claeue. By
Rev. R. Hussey, B.D.—K Letter diatln-
guished for the soundness of its viewt,
and its judicious obsenrations on different
points connected with the education of
the middle classes.
trodnetion it giten, containisgMi aoeomt
of the natand method, daariflcation, and
a sketch of botanical geography. It i^
peara that Great Britain prodnoef nmny
two floweriesa for one flowering plant*
The wmmktr of genera (bond about Lon-
don is about ft^ sixths of the nnmber
found in Great Britain. «
The Pilyrim's Proyreea. By John
Bunyan, \tith notee, by Rep. •/. Seoti,
— This singular and captirating pro-
duction, which in the opinion of
many is among the tery foremost of
uninspired productions, and which by all
is allowed to present the doctrines and
duties of the Christian religion in a most
happy and ingenious form, both in the
spint of the characters and the conduct
of the narratiTC — this work, which at once
fascinates the young and eren detains the
old, and which may be considered on the
whole as the most popular book in our
language, has never been produced with
such elegance of illustration and beaaty
of type as in the present edition. The
genius of Stothard is here seen in its hap-
piest hour of inspiration ; the designs are
delightful, and the one at p. 61, of Pru-
dence, Piety, and CharitT meeting the Pil-
grim, is all purity, loTeliness, and grace.
Our young female acquaintance need not
lament the Ions of *' annuals,*' when their
place is supplied by such ▼olumes as this ;
for it is only exchanging a seat at " VmnUW'
JaW " for a better one in the ** Beantiftil
Temple.'*
Short FkmUy Prmyeroi ky m Memktr
qfthe Betabttehed Ckureh. We can !••
commend this little work with pleasure as
being an unexceptionable manual of prajar
for domestic and daily use. They are
chiefly composed of the collects of our
Church, and of prayers composed Irf
Bishop Andrewes, Jeremy Taylor, Wilsoi^
Dr. jTohnson, and oUiers, preceded br
appropriate passages from the Pfealms and
Scriptures.
Plant OmoeretOione comeemimy tkf
Ckmrck qfBmgUmd, by a Lt^^Membor.
19mo. — Whoerer this Lay-Member be»
he has shown himself well aoquslatad
with the doctrines of Scripture, upon
which the Church of England has founded
her claim to the title of an Apoatolieal
Church. He has defended her doiifiiaai
and constitution with knowledge and asat |
and he has in a small compass oonpoaad
a work whidi may be of great utiliW la
conflrming a Churchman » the mstiift^
nance of the tenets in whidi he waa edu-
cated, and arming him aghast the lasi*
dions or open attacks of those who wo«ld
lead him into sectarianism.
The London Flora. By Alexander Ir-
vine.—The limiu of the London Flora
extend to Southampton west, to North-
amptonshire north, and eastward to the
shire of Essex. The pisnts are arranged
both by the Linnean and natural systans ;
copious indexes are subjoined, and tbe
work will be found moat nscAU to tiM
botanist in his excursions In the sottthem
part of the Island. A very excelleat In-
A Letter to Retf. W. H. MBU. By Of
Ret. S. R. Maitland.^Thls letter com*
tains some very acute strictures on Mr*
Bates*8 work entitled *' Tbe aneieot Yd-
lenses and Albigenses," and partieriailf
on chapter 10, on <• the fidaeiiood of Iha
allegation of Maalcheiiaa ageiMt Iht
Almgenses, demonstrated fkoss ^e oaaa
of tbe Canona of Orieaoa." Mr. Mdl.
land considers it to be an Indispiitabla
fust that the Canona of Orleans and tlM
Albigenses were Manichean bereties t nA
he ** shows the way in which history la
penrerted for the purpoees of eo^ro*
▼ersy," and "gives a spedaien (to wm
his words) of a book which Is perilaya
one eC the boldest and weakest that a
reoklass itrie of controversy has pro*
duced." The sutqeet Is a very oani—
one, and tbe reader will be giattfled wmik
Instraetedby the light thrown oaltlathfa
traet.
CgtmUme t er, tkt RtmMU Cmtfitaey : tm
Hittorieea Drmm. Bf Join 8. ~
(Privately printed.)— Ala tii«edy
not be elective on the ftiya bnt
G22
Miscellaneous Reviewi,
[JnnCy
on the itage is no proof of tragic ezcel-
Ifnce. It in far better to read& good play
than to n^f it. The best performera are
the reader's own imagination and sensi-
bility. The present drama is written with
taste and poetical feeling : the characters
well delineated ; the Kentiments appro-
priate, dii;iiiti<'d and just ; the language
and versiticntion elegant and correct Mr.
Keade has a true feeling of dramatic ex-
cellence, and a genius that we trust will
present us some more examples of its
power.
HemiM : or^ Classical and Antiquarian
Researches. Bif Henry Fox Talbot, Esq,
F.R.S. IMS.— T/ie Antiquity of the Book
of Genesis, By the same. 1839. — The
of rmer of these works contains some very
curious and learned disquisitions and in-
genious conjectures on the origin of various
words and names in the Latin language.
The object of the latter is to show that
the knowledge of the book of Genesis ex-
isted among nations that are commonly
believed to have been ignorant of it, espe-
cially the Phrygians. We have received
both pleasure and instruction from it, and
we recommend both thsse tracts to the
consideration of scholars.
Village Lectures on the Litany. By
the Rev. W. Palin, i3.^. — Mr. Palin
must not think that we are insensible to
the merit of his volume if we profess our
inability to give any detailed account of it,
or transcribe passages as specimens of the
manner in which it is executed. Such
works as his are to be estimated rather
by a feeling of the general merit, the
soundness of the doctrine, the justness
and propriety of the illustrations, the
force of the reasoning, and the clearness
of the style. To exhibit these, or do the
author justice, would require of us a space
equal to that of an entire lecture ; but we
have read his work with attention, and
can recommend it as a very sensible and
sound commentary on, or exposition
of, our admirable Litany, the brightest
jewel that throws its sacred splendour over
the whole of our Liturgical service ; and
if it were repeated by a whole congre-
gation, in a spirit of love, piety, and
faith, would fill the temple of worship
with its exceeding lustre. We think these
lectures would form excellent discourses
to be read in families, when time or bu-
siness would not admit any prolonged
withdrawal from the engagements of liife.
impossible it is for oral diieiuaicms
on important subjects, even when carried
on by persons of the gravest character and
most sacred profession, to be conducted
without much indecent acrimony and
casual violence. Great part of this to-
lume must be offensive to Christian feel*
ings, and some is absolutely unfit for
general perusal. Much harm is done to
Christian charity, and little is gained*
however skilful the combatants i a con*
troversy like this turns chiefly on the
errors and abuses of the respectiva
Churches, — in other words, the struggle
and main tug of the war lies in carrying on
the attack into the enemy's country, and
in a triumphant display of all the offences
that can be discovered and enumerated.
Men do write, even on things that affect
their interests or passions, temperattijf
and trutl^fully in books ; but personal
conferences, in the presence of a deeply-
interested audience, are dangerous to the
parties meeting, and tend to produce and
Inflame passions in those that listen to
them, most advene to the sacred cause
which is the subject of discussion. If
controversy is necessary, it will be most
beneficially carried on through the instru-
mentality of the press.
Sunday Evening Instruction f or, /At
Cfitechism of the Church qf Engiand
familiarly explained. By a Clerg3nmLan's
Wife. — One of those excellent little works
which deserves the highest praise, and
defies criticism.
The Prayer of the Church : a connected
Series of Rfflections on the Liturgy. — The
author says, — ** Because in too many in-
stances words which have been carekMnlj
repeated for a succession of yean fiiil to
communicate the depth and fulness of tiheir
meaning to the renewed mind, it is hoped
that the present attempt to lead such
minds to the quiet and candid conton-
plation of their excellence may be blest
by Him, the Spirit of whose Holy Word
is breathed in every line of the worship
of the Church of England Protestants.*'
The design of the author is very fidrlj
executed.
Authenticated Report of the Discuasion
between Rev. T. Grey and Rev. T. MaC'
guire. — This book is a proof how morally
Rudiments of English ComposUfont S^»
By Alex. Reid, A.M. — ^This dementary
work will be found useful to the pupils of
a school, where the master is at hand to
explain the difficulties and enforce the
illustrations by word of mouth. It la
well calculated to direct the attention of
the young scholar to the structure of his
own language, and make him senaibla of
inaccuracies and ineleganciei of stjte.
1840.]
Fine Arts.
Extraettfirom SMf Wrift and ftarhw
Authors t andintmdwffimcipaUyfor Sol'
diers and Seamen. ^ Captain Sir
Nisbet Willoughby.-*-We have examined
the contents of this volume with at-
tention, and must express our approba*
tion of its design, and partly of its execiN
tioD. But, when a new edition appears^^
we recommend a separation of the texts
of Scripture from the moral sentences
and religious maxims of uninspired wri-
ters : on this ground, that uneducated per-
sons might be very apt to place them on
an equality, and to think as highly of the
productions of Mason, or H. More, as of
those who wrote under the inspiration of
God. This improvement we think abso-
lutely necessary. The Bible texts should
form the first division, and should be fol-
lowed by the others ; we think a third
division might be made of anecdotes and
histories connected with naval life and
actions (some of which our author has
given), and which either tend to show the
piety and faith of those mentioned, or
the signal mercies and goodness of God,
as exhibited in cases of peril, which seem-
ed to admit no hopes of escape by human
means.
Analysis of one hundred Voyages to and
from India and China ; with remarks on
the advantages of Steam Power as an
auxiliary aid to Shipping, and a ife-
seription qf Melville's Patent Propellers.
By H. Wise. — ^The object of this able and
interesting little work is twofold. First,
to show the advantage of using steam
power as an assistant to sailing vessels
during calms, light airs, &c. ; and, in
short, as assistance to be used when the
ship without it does not proceed at more
than three knots an hour ; the effect of
this, in shortening voyages to the East, is
shown by tabular analysis of a hundred voy-
ages, in which the time lost in calms and
light breezes is shown. The second part
relates to Mr. Melville's Patent Prop
which the author recommends as su]
to the present paddle-wheels, hot
efficiency and safety : they also hav
advafatage of taking up but little ?
and being conveniently stowed. ]
are given of the machinery, withnect
descriptions ; aiid we anticipate thai
time will not be long before every
going to the East will be fitted up
thid additional means of making her vo
with celerity, and consequentiy with
creased safety.
Complete EngUsh-Latin Dictiw
By Rev. J. E. Biddle, A.M. Svo. x
observed by the aullior that this
lume is independent of itB unsatbfaci
predecessors. It has been composed \
the aid of good dictionaries, including
German of Linneman and the Frei
Latin of NoSl. The leading objects 1
been to give good Latin, and to exb m.*-
complete English vocabulary, witu
meanings carefully decided and arranj
The book is designed as a companiott
the Latin and English Dictionary alreauj
published by the same author. The an- '
thor, like his predecessors, complains of
the weariness and labour of his gram-
matical tasks, which he now leaves for
pursuits more strictly professional. For
the work itself, we have no hesitation in
saying, from an accurate inspection of it
in different parts,. that it is executed with
great accuracy and knowledge, and is
safely to be recommended, where it will
be most useful, to schools and colleges ;
but at the same time the best scholar will
not find it without its benefit.
Moral Lessons for Infant Schools. —
Great pains appear to be taken to make
these elementary little works as intelli-
gible and useful as possible. The present
one, written by the author of ** Lessons
on Objects," is most excellent.
FINE ARTS.
THB ART UNION.
April 27. The fourth Annual Meeting
of this Association was held at Mr.
Rainy's Gallery in Regent Street, the
Marquess of Northampton in the chair. At
the request of the Committee George God-
win, jun. esq. F.R.S. officiated as Hono-
rary Secretary, and read the report.
From this it was seen that the number of
members had increased from 1058 to
1970, and that the total amount sub-
scribed was 2250/: of this the Commit-
tee had allotted the sum of 1400/. for the
purchase of forty-two works of art, on the
following scale, namely, one at 200/., one
at 150/., one at 100/., one at 80/., one at
GfU., five at 50/. each, two at 30/., ten at
357., ten at 15/., and ten at 10/. each.
Besides these various sums, sixty proof
impressions of the engraving, to be here-
after published by the Society, were added
as prizes.
The report congratulated the meeting
on the establishment of Local Art-
G24
Fine Arts.
[Jane,
Unionii throughout the country, several
uf them direct consequences of the Art
Union of London. *' Liveri)ool, Birming-
ham, Manchester, Leeds, Norwich, Bath,
and Bristol, are each taking their part in
the efforts now being made for the ad-
vancement of the aits. In the sister
kingdom too, Ireland, where, up to this
time, the arts have been grievously ne-
glected, a similar association has been
formed, and i.s proceeding, it is said, with
good success.*' The couimittre mention-
ed their intention, notwithstanding, to in-
crease greatly their list of local secreta-
ries, so as to ntake it include, if possible,
a resident in every important town in the
United Kingdom. Scrutineers having been
appointed, the distribution was made by
lot ; and the following were announced as
the names of the highest prizeholders : —
Walter Boyd, 200/.; John Marshall,
150/.; Charles Pigeon, 100/.; R. Bal-
chin, 80/. ; D. R. Blane, (iOL ; and J. B.
Montefiore, David Lidderdale, Luke Min-
chall, C. Adlard, and Walter Ellis, 50/.
each.
SIR SIMOy CLARKE*S PICTURES.
This famous and beautiful collection of
works by the old masters was sold by
Christie and Manson on the 8th and 9th
of May. We copy from the catalogue the
names of those pictures which brought
higher sums than 200/., with the names
of the parties by whom they were pur-
chased.
A. Cara CGI.— Assumption of the
Virgin. (G. Holford. esq. 220/. 10a.)
A. Van Osiade. — Cottage interior,
dated IGGB. From the collection of
Prince de Conti, &c. exhibited at British
Gallery, 1815. (Mr. Nieuwenhuys,
325/. 10».)
A. Van Ostade — Two Peasants at
Cards, the companion, 10*73. (The same,
325/. 10«.)
Rubens. — Portrait of Helena Forman.
From the collections of M. Pasquier, the
Due de Praslin, and M. Robit. (Mr.
Brown, 309/. 15«.)
Claude. — A Woody Landscape, with
the Virgin seated with the Infant, to whom
an angel is presenting fruit ; St. Joseph
is occupied with the ass near them. (Mr.
Sherrard, 262/. 10«.)
Berghem. — Roman Ruins near a
Bridge, over a Cascade ; a brilliant even»
ing. (Mr. Holford, 252/.)
Berghem. — The Ruins of a Roman
Aqueduct, evening ; the companion. (Sir
Robert Peel, 404/. 5#.)
Rachel Ruysch, 1720. — A Group of
8
Fruit, in a Wood, with insects, and a li-
zard attacking a bird's-nest. Formerly in
the cabinet of the Prince Regent. (Mr.
Daubeny, 287/. 14«.)
The Same, 1719.— A Group of Flow,
era in a glass vase, in which the window of
an apartment is reflected. The com-
panion. (Mr. Cope, 210/.J
Rembrandt Van Rhtn. — Le Port
Drapeau ; Rembrandt in the character of
a Standard Bearer. From the collection
of the Chevalier Verhulst, M. le Boeof,
and M. Robit ; was afterwards in that of
George IV., who exchanged it with M.
Lafontaine for other pictures. (Baron
Lionel RothschUd, 840/.)
RuTSDAEL. — A Waterfall, placed be-
tween a woody bank, on which is a cot-
tage, and rocks on which two fignrea
are conversing. (M. Nieuwenhnys,
55G/. 10*.)
NicoLQ PoussiN. — ^The Holy Family,
with a Group of Four Angels. Engraft
by Pesne. From the collection of the
Due de Deux Fonts, M. Robit, and Lord
Radstock. (T. H. Hope, esq. M.P.
273/.)
Terburo. — Reading a Letter. From
the collection of M. Ponlain, M. Proley,
M. Robit, and G. Hibbert, esq. Elxhim-
ted in British Gallery 1815. (M. Niea-
weuhuys, 435/. I5a.)
Karel du Jardin. — A Bnllocki an
Ass, some Sheep and Croats, under a gronp
of trees in a warm sunny landscape, ftc
From the collection of M. Robit. (Sir B.
Peel, 976/. lOt.)
Rubens. — Diana departing for the
Chase ; from the collections of M. Won-
ter, Walchemer, and G. Hibbert, esq.
(M. Nieuwenhuys, 610/. 10«.)
Teniers. — The Industrious House-
wife ; a woman, in a red corslet, t*^»»v^^g
a pot upon a tub, and a man looklnf at
her from a vrindow. From the coUectioBS
of M. Julienne, M. Nyert, the Prince de
Conti, Count de Merle ; and purdiaied
by Sir S. Clarke from the collection of H.
Noir de Breuil, in 1821. (Baron Liond
Rothschild, 283/. 10«.)
Paul Veronese. — ^Venus seated on a
Couch, withholding the bow of Cupid.
Formerly in the Colonna Palace, and sob*
sequently in the collection of Walsh Ftor-
ter, esq. (Mr. Artaria, 3S5/. 10«.)
Brill and Rot£NHabmb&. — ^Dlaaa
and Actseon. (G. Byng, esq. Bi.P. 815£i)
CuTP. — A castle on a rotnt, orerioold^f
a bay, in which teasels are lying, a biilliaBt
moonlight. (Earl of NormanUm, d57M
GuiDO. — The Magdalen aeatad. (6.
Byng, esq. M.P.,j^lO.)
GuiDo. — Head of the MagdakB,
J 840.]
Fine Arts,
625
her hand on her breast, which id nearly
covered by her huir. ^National Gallery,
Rkmbrandt Van Rhyn.— ♦• The Tri-
bute Money," dated lb'4.">. Probably the
j»ioture engraved by MeArdell, at the time
it was in the eollectiou of John Black-
wijod, ejj(|. From the collection of M.
Kobit. Kxhibited in the British Gallery
in l^'l.'i. (Mr. Woodburn, jfe'(i30.)
DoMKNiC'iiiNO. — '*The Ma<fdalen in
( onteniplution ;*' in a red, yellow, and
blue draperv, restini^ ou a stone pedestal.
((;. Molford', esq. £(m .1*.)
Wii.MAM MikRi>9 — "A Man and
Woman " at a iicul])tured window, with
rriinped fi>h and a glass of li(|Uor. (Mr.
Artaria, £24(1 i:»t.)
Adrian Va.n i)e Vki.de, lO'Gy. — "A
Woman milking a Cow." (Mr. Acraman,
of Bristol, £\4G 10*.)
GuKRCiNo. — •• Christ and the Woman
of Samaria." From the Balbi Palace.
(Lord Northwick, i:3'i5 10*.)
Clai'dk. — '• A Sea-port at Sunrise.**
From the collection of Madame Bande-
ville and Monsieur Robit. Exhibited in
the British Gallery lUJI. (Mr. Norton,
i:7.J3.)
Carlo Doi.cf.. — St. John. From the
(iallery of I^iieien Buonaparte. (M.
Nieuweuhuys, ;t'504.)
Carlo Uolce. — St. Matthew. The
(' >mpanion picture. ^Mr. Artaria, £i)'t'i
1()«.)
RL'YsnAKi. — "A Winter Scene;" a
canal \%ith a \illage. From the collection
ol M. Geldemecster. (Mr. Artaria, £210.)
WorvKRMANJ*. — •* Le Depart des Ca-
valiers,' A party of cavalry soldierji with
three hor>e!i preparinjc to depart from a
ituttler's booth erected near the centre of
a barren landscape at the side of an old
tree. From the collections of Le Mar-
(|uii de Pant^e, M. Monlribhmrl, and M.
Foloznn. Engraved by Moyreau. (M.
Nieuwenhuys, £4A'i 15*.)
.\DRtAN Van i)k Vklue. — Under the
shade of some noble trees peasants are
pasiiiig a ford with cattle. From the
collrctiou of M. Robit. (Sir Robert
Peel. jr,[)H lOt.)
Jan .*<t««n.— *• The Tired Traveller.**
Fn>m the collections of the Due de Va-
lentinoi<i, and J. F. Tuffen, e»q. 181 H.
Kihibited in the British Gallery IHlD.
(H. Bevan, esq. ^.^UK.)
William Van dk Veldi.^" A calm.*'
with a Dutch fleet at anchor, awaiting a
roval personage, who is embarking from a
yacht. (Mr. Brown. £\(m.)
NicoLo PorsaiN. — " Venus appearing
to .iCneas.*' From the coUectioni of the
Gent. Mao. Vol. XIII.
Prince dt Carignan and M. Robit. Ex-
hibited in the British Gallery in 183S2.
(M. Nieuweuhuys, i'SG'i ll»jr.)
(i AMR I EL Metzu. — Le Corset Rouge ;
the companion to the celebrated Corsat
Bleu. From the collections of R. de
Boi.sset, M. Destouches, M. Wat tier, and
M. Kobit. Exhibited in the British Gal-
lery in ltil3. (M. Nieuwenhuys, £5^i
111.)
CuYP. — " .\ woman milking a Cow ;"
a view near the river Maes. From the
collection of M. Robit. Exhibited in the
British Gallery in 1B'.'9. (Mr. Artaria,
iry.").! 10*.)
Rubens. — "Tlic Holy Family ;** a
composition of four tigures, as large as
life, seen to the knees. This capital pic-
ture is stated to have been painted for a
M. Grouin, in whose family it continued
until it was purchased for the Preale Col-
lection, from whence it was transferred to
the collections of M. Robit, M. Wouter,
Valekenier, Mr. Bryan, and G. Hibbeit,
esq. Engrtved by J. W*^ard. (G. Hol-
ford. esq. £945.)
Teniers. — •* The Freemasons.*' For-
merly in the collection of M. Bellanger,
1747. and engraved by Lepicier, wider
the title of " Les Francs-Masons Fla-
mands.** (Mr. Cone, iTtitil 10*.)
MuRiLLo. — '^The Good Shepherd,"
from the collection of M. Robit. (Baron
Lionel Rothschild, £304.).)
MuRiLLO.— "The Infant St. John,"
from the s-ime collection. (The National
Gallery, X\',100.)
The amount obtained for the collection
exceeded £26,000.) Two pictnrea, it
will be seen, are adde<l to the National
Gallerv, a Guido and a Murillo.
PICTURE BY WEST.
The vestry of Marylebone have sold bj
public auction, for the sum of ten pounds,
the " transparent picture ** of the Annun-
ciation, ])ainted by the late Benjamin
West ; for which a former vestry paid the
sum of irHOO. There was but one bidder
— a Mr. John Wilson, to whom it waa
"knocked down;** but it is said that
within a few minutes after he waa offered
for it, and refused, ten times the amount.
It formerly occupied a large space in the
centre of the organ of Marylebone New
Church ; but in the year IH26 it waa re-
moved, and has since, for fourteen yeara,
been lying in a lumber room at the Alarr-
lebone Court House, until directed to M
sold. It is to be lamented that no pnblio
spirited individual waa by, in order to havo
placed it where it might be mcd and
valued.
4L
626
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.
NEW rrBLICATIONH.
Ilittory and Biography.
The Monumental Kffigies of Great Bri-
tain. Drawn and Etched by Thomas
Holms and Georgk IIollis, corre-
sponding with the work of C. A. Stothard.
Part I. 10 plates. V2h, 6d.
Chronological Tallies of Universal His-
tory, from the licginning of Time to the
Present Day, 5(c. fol. Mt, GJ.
Fuller's History of the University of
Cambridge. By the Rev. M. Prick ett,
M.A., F.S.A. and T. Wright, M.A.,
F.S.A. Trin. Coll. Cambridge, ^vo. Ut.
Life of the Rev. T. M'Cric, D.D. by
his Son. Bvo. 9«.
Ecclesiastical History of the English
Nation, by the Venerable Bede, translated
into English from the Text, as amended
by Stevenson ; with Introduction, Notes,
&c. By tlie Rev. Dr. Gilek, late Head
Master of the City of London School.
8vo. 8«.
The Early English Church ; or. Chris-
tian History of England in early British,
Saxon, and Norman Times. By the Rev.
Edward Churtox, M.A. Rector of
Crayke, Durham. ('' Englishman's Li-
brary," vol. VI IL) fcap. 8vo. 4*. G'rf.
Historical Records of the British Army :
The Second Dragoons, or Scots Greys.
Hvo. 8#.
The Spanish Armada in 1588. By the
Rev. T. Lath BURY. fcap. 3«.
TYavehy Sfc.
Narrative of a Whaling Voyage round
the Globe. By F. D. Bennett, esq.
F.R.G.S. 2 vols. 8vo. 28#.
Three Years' Residence in Canada. By
T. R. Preston. 2 vols. 8vo. 21».
A Personal Narrative of a Visit to
Ghuzni, Kabul, and Afghanistan, and of
a Residence at the Court of Dost Moha-
raed ; with Notices of Runjit Sing, Khiva,
and the Russian Expedition. By G. T.
Vigne, esq. F.G.S. Bvo. 2U.
The British Empire in India. By M.
de Bjornstjerna. Translated from the
German. 8vo. 8«. 6d.
Letters on India. By the Rev. W.
Buyer. 12mo. bs.
Description of British Guiana. By
R. H. ScHOMBOURGK. 8vo. 5«.
Digest of the Evidence upon China.
Sto, 3«. 6d.
Divinity,
The Standard of Catholicity. By the
Rev. G. E. BiBBR, LL.D. 8vo. 14*.
Justification as revealed in Scripture.
By J. Bennett, D.D. 8vo. 9t.
Tracts on Popery. Parts I. to V. com-
pleting the Volume, containing theTncts
published in 1G87, under the title of " The
Notes of the Church, as laid down by
Cardinal Bellarmine, Examined and Con-
futed," written severally by Archbiihop
Tenison, Bishops Kidder, Patrick, Wil-
liams, Fowler, Stratford, and Grove, Dn.
Sherlock, Clagett, &c. Vol. I. 7«. 6<f.
bds.
Patterson's Lectures on St. John,
ch. 14, 15, 16. ISmo. 6«.
Maritime Discovery and Christian Mis-
sions, considered in their Mutual Rela-
tions, &c. &c. By the Rev. Jobn Camp-
bell, Author of '* Jethro," aPrixeEnay*
bvo. 12*.
Early Days in the Society of Friends,
exemplifying the obedience of Fnth, in
some of its First Memben. By Mabt
Ann Keltt. 1$, 6d.
Clasncal Literature.
TheMensechmeiof Flautai, with Notes
and a complete Glossary. Br Jamsb
HiLDTARD, M.A. late Fdlow of Chriit*i
Coll. Camb. 2nd edit. 8vo. 7«. 6d.
The Aulularia of Plautua, with a Glos-
sary and Notes. By the same Editor.
Bvo. 7*. ^d,
A Review of Lord Brougham's Tniis-
lation of the Oration of DCTioBthenei on
the Crown. Reprinted from the Times
Newspaper. Post 8vo. 7#. 6i7.
Tacitus — Grermania, Agricola, and An-
nals I. ; with Notes in English firom Bn-
perti, Passow, Walsh, and Bflttloher'i
Remarks on the Style of Tacitus. ISmo.
Euripides — Iphigenia in Anils, with
English Notes. 8vo. 6«.
Plato— The Apology of Socrates, tiie
Crito, and part of the Phoedo ; with Notes
in English, from Stallbaiun and Schlder-
macher's Introductions. 12mo. fir.
Life of Socrates. By Dr. O. WieeiES.
Translated from the German, with Notei.
12mo. 3«. Qd,
Cicero de Senectnte, firom the Text of
Otto, with English Notes. ISmo. Sr.fitf.
Literature, ^.
The Hieroglyphics of Hsrapollo l^niosi-
By A. T. Cory, post Bvo. 7«. M.
Pethbram's Historical Sket«diof An*
glo-Saxon literatore. Sa.
Poetrp^
Poems. By W. H. LiiTHAM, 8to«
108, 6d,
1840.]
Literary and Scientific Intelligence,
627
Christ and Antichrist ; a Poem, in
Seven Cantos. Bj a layman of the
United Church of Great Britain and Ire-
land, fcap 8vo. 7#. 6</.
Poems, chiefly Dramatic. Edited by
Thomas Hill Lowe, Dean of Exeter.
l-?mo. (j*.
Gregory the Seventh, a Tragedy. By
R. H. Horns. Hvo. 5«.
The Regrets of Memory ; a Poem; with
Minor Poems and Translations. 8vo. .'>#.
rx>ss of the Tigris ; a Poem. By H.
RiCHARDSOX. 8vo. At. 6d.
Joan of Arc ; a Play. By Mrs, Sar-
<;ant. Hvo. 4*.
The Hyacinth, and Lyrics. By Joseph
MiDDLETON. iHmO. i?*.
Tlie Rubi, a Tale of the Sea ; a Poem,
in Six Cantos. By Frederic W. Mant,
late R.N. fcap Hvo. 4#. 6d.
Poems, Tales, and Essays. By C.
HooLKV. \'2mo. 4«.
NorelM and Taie*.
Precept-s and Practice. By Theodore
Hook. .{ vols. Mg. 6d,
The Countess of Salisbury ; an Histo-
rical Romance. To which is added, '* The
Maid of Corinth." 3 vols. 31#. (></.
Rivalry. By Hknry Milton, esq.
{ vols. Ms. Cid.
Krnotinc ; or, the Child of Mystery.
'A vols. 31*. (id.
Hflwkwood ; a Romance of Italy.
.'• v(»lf«. 31#. (id.
The Interdict; a Novel. By Mrs.
Stkward. 3 vols. 3 It. lid.
The .Maid's Huhband ; a Novel. 3 vols.
Timoii, l)ut not of Athens. 2 vols. 2\».
liii^liston. By(iRArK\VKHSTKR. H)9.6d.
The ()r)>han of Nepaul. post 'Ivo.
The I*ast Days of a Condemned. From
the Freuih of Vittor Hi'go. By Sir
V. H. Flkktwooi>, Bart. Hvo. 7». Cd.
Law.
Woodf.iU's Landlord and Tenant. By
S. H. IIarrison. Royal Hvo. 31#. €td.
('or)TK'H I^w of I landlord and Tenant.
Royal *<vo. '2\».
VVictRAM'H Intrinsic Evidence on Wills.
>'vo. I0#.
Perpetuation or Extinction of the Ec«
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Imp. ''\o. 'J*, (id.
Medicine,
Observations on the Diseases incident
to l'regn.incy and (.'hildl>ed. By F.
(hi Hriiit.i., M.D. Hvo. K*J».
letter to .Sir B. C. Brodie on Local
Nr^^ouA Affections. By W. Goodlad.
>'\o. t'ul.
Trcfitiie on Canctr, Ate. By J. MvL«
lkr, M.D. Translated from the German
by C. West. Part I. 8?o. 7#. 6d,
Natural HUtory,
Botany of the Himalayan Mountain!.
By Professor J. Fobbks Rotlk, M.D.,
V.P.R.S., &c. &c. Part IL Imp. 4to.
20«.
A Treatise on Shells and Shell-fish.
ByW. SwAiNSON, F.R.S. (Cabinet Cy-
clopsedia, vol. I'Zl.) 6$.
Fine Af tt.
Theory and Practice of Water Colour
Painting, elucidated in a Series of Letters.
By George Barrett. Royal 8yo.
10*. Gd.
OXFORD.
The judges appointed to decide on the
Denyer Theological Prizes have awarded
that " on the Doctrine of Faith in the
HolyTrinity," to the Rev. Charles Brooks-
bank, M. A. of Christ Church ; and that
" on the Duties of Christianity, compre-
hending Personal, Family, and National/*
to the Rev. Edward ilalifax Hansell,
M.A. Demy of Magdalen College.
trinity college, DUBLIN.
A statute wholly repealing the celibacy
of the Fellows of this College, and appoint-
ing ten new Fellowships, has been issued
by the Crown under letters patent. Four
only of the new Fellows are to be tatori«
the remaining six being probationers, to
rise into vacant tutorships according as
they occur. These probationers are to be
eligible to all other offices to which Junior
Fellows are at present entitled, and are
also to have their commons and chamben
free. One of the new Fellowships is to
be filled up this and every year for the
neit nine years until the whole number
be completed, and afterwards there is to
be an examination held every year, bat
never more than two vacancies filled up at
any one time ; and if at any time there bo
more than two vacancies, the surplns
vacancies are to be held over and filled by
the best answerers at the examination at
which these vacancies existed.
The prize of 50/. for the best Essay oa
" Tlie Impediments to Knowledge, cre-
ated by logomachy, or the sJbuse of
Words," proposed to the Graduates of
Trinity College, Dublin, by Philin Bory
Duncan, esc|. Fellow of New CoUaget
Oxford, together with i25/. for the ez-
p<-nse of printing, hss been awarded to
the Rev. W. Fitzgerald, author of a
pamphlet, entitled " Episcopacy, Tradi-
tion, and the Sacraments, considered in
reference to the Oxford Tracta.*'
CJ3
Literal^ and Scientific InitUigence,
[June,
KtliHhuryh.—'nxQ Pitt Prize of MH. for
the best Essay *' On the Influence of
Creeds and Confexsions upon the Progress
of Theology as a Science," has just been
decided. The motto of the successful
Essay is, " Opinionum commenta delet
(lies, naturae judicia confinnat ; ** and the
address in the sealed note accompanying
the Essay waa found to be, '* Mr. John
Baillic, Greenside House, Edinburgh.**
This prize arises from the interest of
8000/. set apart for the purpose by the
Pitt Club some yean ago, on its dissolu-
tion.
3 1 St Dec. 1839, there was receiYed (in-
cluding the balance on the 31rt Decem-
ber, 1838), 19,@(>9/. 9«. 5c2. ; and that
there had been disbursed in the tame
period 19>554/. 3t. %d. leaving a balance
in the treasurer's hands amounting to
315/. .■>«. Od,
Eton Co/Ztf^t.— The Ncwcattle scho-
larship election terminated on April G.
Examiners: Lord Lyttelton and \V. E.
Gladstone, M. P. Scholar — Seymour.
Medalist — Hallam, son of the author of
•• The Middle Ages. '»
KING'r COLLEGE, LONDON.
April 30. The annunl general court of
proprietors was held, the Archbishop of
Canterbury, visitor, in the chair. Tlie
report of the council stated that the total
number at present studying in the college
was 777. The Civil Engineering depart-
ment had already answered their expecta-
tions ; the number of pupils had increased
since the last re|>ort from 31 to 50. In
this department a new class had been
opened for the purpose of affording to the
students practical instruction in the manu-
facture of machinery. The students in
this branch had the aidvantage of visiting,
accompanied by their instructor, the
various manufactories, in order to wit-
ness the operations of the steam-engine,
&c. and a large room had been fitted up
in the institution for workshops, for the
superintendence of which the council had
engaged the services of a comjietent per-
son. In the medical department the nam •
ber of admissions had considerably in-
creased, owing to the announcement last
year of the expectation of the council that
a hospital, in connection with the college,
would soon be established. Thnt hos-
pital was now open, to the extent of 50
beds, and it was hoped that on the 1 2th
of May it would have 100 beds. The
council proposed to provide chambers for
the residence of the medical students at-
tached to the college, who, nt present,
were scattered in various parts of the
metropolis. This plan the council pro-
posed to carry out by means of shares of
hi, each, and no large sum of money would
be required for the purpose. A labora-
tory for operative chemistry has been
opened.
By the general statement of account, it
appeared that, from the let Jan. to the
LONDON UNIVERSITY COLLXOK.
May I . The annual meeting took place,
the liight Hon. Sir Stephen Lushington
in the chair. The report of the last year
showed that there were 414 students in
the medical school. The distribution of
the fj^oXA medals and first certificate was
as follows — Class of Surgery, Mr. Henry
Beaumont, of Huddersfield. Obstetric
Medicine, Mr. II. S. Taylor, of Guild-
ford. Anatomy, Mr. J. C. Bucknill.
Chemistry, Mr. Edward Ballard, of Is-
lington. Anatomy and Physiology, Mr.
T. H. Kelson, of Bath. Comparative
Anatomy, Mr. Ricliard Quain, of Mal-
low. Materia Medica and Therapeutics,
Mr. William Preston. Practice of Medi-
cine, Mr. Thomas P. Matthew. Fellows'
Clinical gold medal to Mr. C. B. Sewell,
of Linton, and Henry Flggins, of London.
Silver medals and certificates were also
awarded.
ROYAL SOCIETY.
March 12. The Marquess of North-
ampton, Pres. — Read, 1. On certain varia-
tions of the mean height of the Barometer ;
mean temperature, and depth of Rain,
connected with the Lunar Phases, in the
cycle of years from 1815 to 18S3, by Jjuke
Howard, esq. ; 2. On the theory of the
dark bands formed in the solar spectrum
from partial interception by transparent
plates, by the Rev. Baden Powell.
March 19. The President in the chair.
— A paper was read entitled. Contributions
to Terrestrial Magnetism, by Mqor E.
Sabine.
March 2G. The President in the chair.
Tiie reading was resumed and ccmcluded
of Professor Faraday's Seventeenth series
of Researches in Electricity, being on the
source of power in the Voltaic Pile.
Ajyril 2. 'llie President in the chair. —
The Duke of Richmond and John Gwyn
Jefferys, esq. of Swansea, were elected
Fellows of the Society. Read, I . Post-
script to Mr. Faraday's Sercnteenth series
of V xperimental Researches in Electrid^ ;
2. Additional note to the Eleventh lenes
of Researches on the Tides, by the Rev.
W. Whewell ; and 3. On the Nerrons
System, by Sir Charles Bell.
April 9. The President in the chair.—
J. P. Gassiot, esq. andT. Henderson, eiq.
Astronomer Royal, were elected Fellows.
—Sir Charlei Bell's paper wai condaded (
1 840.]
Litcrarjf and Scientific Intelligence,
629
and another road. On the constitution of
the Resins, Part IV. by J. F. W. John-
ston, esf|. M.A.
April 30. Tlir Presiident in the chair.
— His Royal Highness Prince Albert, Lord
Lyttelton, Thomas Wharton Jones, esq.
and John (irant Malcolmsoa, M.D. were
fleeted Fellows. — Read 1. A letter from
Sir John Barrow, Bart, communicating
from the Lords Commissioners of the Ad-
miralty various observations made on board
her Majesty's ships on the magnetic dip
of the Needle ; *. PostscrijJt to Major
Sabine's })aper on the same subject, notic-
ing tiie success which has attended the use
of Mr. Fox'.-* instrument in the Antartic
expedition ; .). a few Remarks on n Rain
Tii))le and Map, by Joseph Atkinson, esq.
4. Kxtractsfrom a Meteorological Journal
kept at Allonheuds, Northumberland, by
the Rev. W. Walton ; and ."). Description
of an Aj«tronomir.il Clock, invented by the
late Ca])t. Henry Kater, F'.R.S.
May 7. J. W. Lubl-ock, esq. V.P. —
Read, 1. On the Odour accompanying
Kicrtrieity, and on the probability of its
belonging to a new substance, by Pro-
fessor Faradav : "•*. On the Ova of Mam-
m
malia, by Dr. Barry.
ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.
May 9 This Society held its .Seven-
teenth Anniversary, the Right Hon. C.
W. Williams Wynn. President, in the
ehair. — The annual Rc|>ort of the Coancil
was read, commencing with the ordinary
financial statements and details of deaths,
resignations, and new elections. The
members whose deaths were particularly
njenti«)ned were — Runjret Singh ; (ieneral
A Hard ; Professor Hohlen ; and Canelly
V'enkata I.ulciuiii.ih, a native of Madras,
\vhi>srki)owled;;e of languages, both Asiatic
and Kn^lish, his l>4*en applied by him to
hterary ren.-areh to an extent very uii-
CMiiuniin ainonu Hiiid(K>s. The report
hNo runtained an iiitn'e>tiiig meinoir of
Jame^ Prinsep, e^q. which shall be trans-
fencd to our Obituary liercufler. AUunioii
was then made to the important discoveries
made in PerMa by Major Rawlinson. The
Mi«-ce.*«ful proi»rr*s of the laliours of the
OiirnialTran*lition (''jminittce wis state-
ed . and a detail was uiven of the valuable
1^|lrkH now in eour.-e of printing and trana-
l.itioii iiniler the auspiris of that dtntin-
gninhed bmly.
The Right Hon. Sir Alexander Johii-
hton. as Chairman of the Committer of
Corre^pondenrr, detailed the various
matters that had engaged the attention of
the (.'oinmittee during the past year, which
had for their object to procure information
a.H to the moral and political rhanges which
i»err going on lo Turkey, C'cutral Amc,
India, and China. He also remarked ol^
the gradual increase of interest which th^
public in England are acquiring on Asiatic
matters. The report of the Committee o^
Commerce and Agriculture was read by
Colonel Sykes, and contained a summary
of the principal o|)erations of that body
during the year. One of the subjects al-
luded to was the cultivation of cotton in
India, on which they had printed valuable
papers, by General Briggs, Dr. Lush, and
Mr. Heath. This subject was under-
going investigation, and the result of an
analysis of various cotton soils from dif-
ferent parts of Europe, Asia, and America,
by Mr. Solly, would be published shortly.
Papers on the production of sugar and
cocoa-nut oil in Ceylon, on the improve-
ment of Indian wool, on the wool of the
Angora goat, on opiiun, safflower, silk,
Indian tea, caoutchouc, &e. had been reatl
before the Society. The President then
addressed the meeting, and among other
topics alluded to the progress of tea culti-
vation in India ; and on the merits, gene-
rally, of the gentlemen in the East India
Company's service, both civil and military,
and said that they well deserved the en-
comium bestowed on them by Canning,
of uniting the wisdom of statesmen with
the research of scholars.
Sir George Staunton proposed a vote of
thanks to the President, and noticed a
Siper on the commerce of China, by Mr.
all, whose long residence in the country,
and knowledge of Chinese affairs, gave an
interest to his lucubrations, which could
be given only by a i)erson who hatl been
in, and had profited by, his situation. He
thought the publication of the paper was,
at this critical moment, most opportune,
and would be a valuable guide in the
formation of opinions on the matter at
issue between us and the Celestial Empire.
The meeting then proceeded to ballot the
council and otfirers for the ensuing year.
The following gentlemen were elected into
the Council in the room of those going
out by rotation : — Sir Jeremiah Bnrant,
C.H. ; .Sir Charles Forbes, Bart; J. M.
Heath, Esq. ; Sir Richard Jenkins, G.C.B.
M.P. ; Sir James L. Lushington,G.C.B. ;
the Rev. W. H. Mill. D.D. ; WiUiam
Newnham, Esq. ; and Henry Wilkinson,
Esq. All the officers of the preceding
year were re-elected.
CAMPKN aOriKTY.
May J. The annual meeting of this
SfN'iety was held at Prermasons* Tavern,
when, in rimsequencc of the abience of
the PreMdrnt, l<onl Fr<inris Egertun, who
is tra\ellinK for the re-i>tablishment of
his health, the chair was taken by Mr.
Amyot, tU« Director, wbg waa supported
G30
Liierarff and Scientific InteUigeneet
[June,
by Mr. (ially Knight, M.P. Sir Henry
Kllis, Mr. W. Tookc, nnd many other
gentlemen of literary eminence. The chair-
man having npiMieil the meetini; with dome
appropriate observations, jVIr. Thorns,
the Secretary, procecdetl to read the re-
port of the Council, which, announcing
that the Society wan in a state of in*
creased and increasing prosperity, was re-
ceived with gencri&l a]>prob»tion, and
votes of thanks to the Council and the
Editors of the Society's publications were
warmly agreed to. The report of the
auditors having been then read, and found
highly satisfactory, the meeting proceeded
to the election of officers, when Ijord
Francis Kijerton was elected President,
and the fidlowing irentlcmen the Council
of the Society for the ensuing yc.ir ; Tho-
mas Amyot, esq. Char lex Fred. Jlarmcelf,
esq. Lord Brnybrunkt>, Jolm Bruce esq.
J. P. Collier, es<i. C. P. Cooper, esq. the
Right Hon. Thomas P. Courtcnuy, T.
('rofton Croker, esq. the Rev. Alexander
Dyce, Sir Henry Kllis, the Rev. Joseph
Hunter, Sir Frederick Madden f Thomas
Stapleton, esq. William John Thoms, esq.
Thomas Sv right, esq. (The new mem-
bers are in Italics.) The following gen-
tlemen were elected Auditors, James Or-
chard H alii well, esq. John M. Kemble,
esq. and William Tooke, esq.
HORTICULTVRAL ROCIKTV.
Mai/ 1. The Anniversary Meeting took
place this day, J. R. Gowen, Ksq. in the
chair. — From the Report of the Auditors
it appeared, that the actual receipts for
the past year amounted to (>, 5 60/. IT*, lorf.
and the expenditure (exclusive of 2,2.'^G/.
2s. ^2d. paid on account of the new Con-
servatory) to 4,90J)/. 10^. H)d. showing a
surplus of income over expenditure of
1,5G1/. 7*. The auditors stated, tliey had
much pleasure to observe, that the cash
receipts for the past year exceeded those
of the previous year by K39/. Tff. 6d. They
had also to congratulate the Society on the
still further reduction of the bonded debt
which had taken place in the past year to
the amount of 700/. — the bonded debt of
the Society now being 9,150/. and that on
open accounts .'{,754/. 10*. making to-
gether 15i,904/. 10.«. ; to meet which, there
was due to the Society f»,.509/. 9*. lOr/.
exclusive of the annued subscriptions due
on the 1st of May. At the same time,
the property of the Society was much in-
creased in value, by the erection of the
splendid (Conservatory at the garden.
Dr. Liiulley read a very voluminous
Report, i)repared by order of the Council,
on the })resent state and management of
the Society, with a review of the progress
the Society had made from the year 1830,
when the new arrangement! (under which
the affairs of the Society are condncted)
were first established, and with the happiest
results, as was proved by the gradual dimi-
nution of the Society's debts, and the
increasing value of the Garden, not only
as regarded mere property, but the impuUe
it gave to Horticulture generalljf in the
magnitude of its distributions of rare and
valuable roots and seeds, collected in dif-
ferent quarters of the globe, and the es-
tablishment of an extensive foreign cor-
respondence, (there being on the books
of the Society not less than SI 7 Foreign
Corresponding Members), and also iSie
encouragement it gave to merit in the
distribution of prizes and rewards for the
cultivation of ornamental and usefbl garden
shrubs and plants, and the investigation
of new ]>rocesses in horticulture, neyer
omitting to reward the skill by which any
improved variety or successiul mode of
culture might be produced. The number
of gold and silver medals awarded during
the last ten years amounted altogether to
upwards of 1,400, and the total cost to
3,319/. 12«. Neither were opportunities
of improving the garden n^lected, as was
shown by the erection of the wing of the
new Conservatory, at an expense of 4,000/.
(the greater part of which has been paid). —
Both Reports were unanimously adopted ;
and the meeting then proceeded to the
election of officers for the ensuing year,
when his Grace the Duke of Devonshire
was re-elected President, T. Edgar, Esq.
Treasurer, and G. Bentham, Esq. Secre-
tary ; and E. Foster, Esq. J. RogerSi jun»
Esq. and W. H. F. Talbot, Esq. were
elected into the Council, in the room of
Sir O. Mosley, Bart. £. Barnard, Esq.
and H. Be van, Esq. retiring.
THK NORTH-WEST PASSAGE.
The problem of a North- West Passagey
so long the subject of speculation, has
been at last solved. Messrs. Peter W.
Dease and Thomas Simpson, of the Hod-
son's Bay Company, who set out in June
last for the purpose of prosecuting dis"
coveries along the shores of the Norm Sea,
have returned, after haying succeeded in
their object. It will be recollected that
there still remained an interval of unknown
land between Parry and Ross's discOTeries
from the east, and those of Beechey and
Franklin from the west. This intervening
space has now been traversed by those
adventurers ; and thus the link has been
supplied which carries a connected chain
of discovery from the Atlantic to the
Pacific Ocean. This is, however, merely
a curious point of science. The passage
can never be of the smallest ntiUty for
navigation, being coniigaed to Uw do*
1840.1
Literary and Scientific Intelligence.
iQinion of darkness and of winter for a
great part of the year, and the transient
gleam of summer being too short to thaw
the solid masses of ice, so as to allow of
any secure passage from one sea to the
other.
THE ANTAKCTIC EXPEDITION.
Letters have been received from Cap-
tain Ross's Antarctic expedition, dated St.
Helena, the beginning of February.
Lieut. Lefroy of the Royal Artillery, who
is to conduct the magnetic observatory on
that island, had been landed with his in-
struments and assistants, and occupied
Napoleon Buonaparte's house at Long-
wood, which has been assigned as his
residence, and in the neighbourhood of
which his observatory is to be built. From
St. Helena, Capt. Ross proceeds to the
Cape of Good Hope, to establish Lieut.
Eardley Wilmot, R.A. and his party, in a
similar observatory, where corresponding
observations are to be made during the
three years in which the expedition will
remain in the Southern hemisphere. By
adopting proper precautions, the officers
succeeded in making magnetic observations
at sea with as much precision as on land,
the two ships sometimes telegraphing to
each other the same minute of dip. The
importance of this success towards the
prosecution of the objects of the voyage
will be estimated, when it is considered
how large a portion of the southern hemis-
phere is covered by the sea. Captain
Ross obtained soundings in the middle of
the Atlantic Ocean, and far distant from
any land, with a line of 2,500 fathoms,
being, it is believed, by far the greatest
depth that has ever been reached by a
sounding line.
TOPOGRAPHICAL SOCIETIES.
The recent establishment, and un-
precedented success, of the Camden So-
cietyt — the formation of other Societies
for the promotion of antiquarian studies
at Oxford and Cambridge, — and the ex-
tensive and increasing influence of scien-
tific and literary institutions in the me-
tropolis, and in most of the chief cities
and towns of the kingdom, have sug-
gested the formation of two associations
of this kind for the promotion of the
topography of particular counties.
Mr. Britton, whose first literary pro-
duction was " The Beauties of Wiltshire,"
in two volumes octavo ; and who has fur-
ther published upon the county, not only
in a more recent volume, forming the third
of that work, but also in the Beauties of
England and Wales, the Architectural
Antiquities, the History of Salisbury Ca-
thedral, and the History of Fonthili Ab-
bey, has lately issued a prospectc
formation of an association of ge.
under the title of,
tt
THE WILTSHIRE TOPOGRAPH
SOCIETY,"
its principal object being to colli
an assemblage of valuable topogi
materials as may eventually lead
production of a well-digested Hi
North WUtshire, which is lefl
scribed in the magnificent work
Richard Hoare, relating to the So'
Division. The Society is to be unl
in respect to the number of its me
and to be governed by a Presideuv,
Vice-Presidents, and a Council of f-
other members ; including a Tre
and two Secretaries. A subscriptii««
one guinea a-year will constitute a
ber ; and the sum of ten guineas, ua
payment, a member for life.
THE BERKSHIRE A8HM0LEAN 80CIBTT»
Instituted for the publication of ** tiie
Historical, Ecclesiastical, Genealogiotl;
and Topographical Remains of the Coontjr
of Berks," held its first General Meeting
on Saturday the 23d May, the anniversary
of Ashmole's birth, in the council cham-
ber of the borough of Reading, the use of
which was granted for the occasion by the
Mayor. The meeting was numerously
attended by Members of the Society, re-
sident not only in Reading and in the
county of Berks, but, thanks to the Rail-
road, by several also from London. Laws,
constructed upon the model of those
of the Camden Society, were settled ;
the Earl of Abingdon, Lord Lieutenant
of the county, was elected President ;
the Marquess of Downshire and Arch-
deacon Berens, Vice - Presidents ; and
fifteen gentlemen, comprising many per-
sons of considerable eminence in the
county, were chosen upon the Coun-
cil. Thanks were then voted to John
Richards, esq. of Reading, F.S.A. the
active and zealous Secretary, to whose ex-
ertions the rapid progress of the Society
is mainly attributable. Supported in a
most praiseworthy manner by the gentry
of the county, and by gentlemen who have
had experience in other Societies, we make
no doubt of its success, and shall watch
its publications with interest. The So-
ciety is limited to three hundred, of which
number above one hundred have already
joined. The annual subscription is one
guinea.
We have also received a proposition
for the establishment of a similar Society
for the County OF Suffolk. Our Corres-
pondent, who signs Olim Suffolcien-
818, remarks : *' Rich and rare materials
C32
Literarf/ and Scientific Intelligencf.
[June,
have befn Already collected, and are at
hand, and Mr. <iage Rokewode liasi shewn
us tliat we liAve at Ifa^t one architect who
ran mould thcni into form and rear the
pile. From the lar^c and valuable eollee-
tions of Jcrmyn and Davy, and numerous
other repositories of suinller extent which
are known to exist, — under tiie auspices
v( 8urh men as Mr. Kokewode, Mr. Davy,
and Mr. Mitford, and with the assistance of
the very many industrious local topogra-
phers whioh the county affords, wliat a
magnificent monument may be construct-
ed. All that is w:intcd is pecuniary en-
couragement ; Suffolk is a populous and
enlightened county, it is not thin in men
of ancient birth or wealth. Let the at-
tempt be made, aud I could almost answer
for it that nearly every parish squire,
nearly every beneficed clerg}'man, and a
considerable number of the legal profes-
sion, would become subscribers ; and the
work being brought out in parts, and at
regular intervals, the expense would not
faU heavier upon us than many an embel-
lished publication of far inferior interest,
which monthly or quarterly finds its way
upon our drawing-room tables.' '
LONDON INSTITUTION.
April 30. At the annual meeting of
proprietors, Sir T. Baring, Bart. F.R.S.
President, in the chair, the report of the
auditors announced, that the receipts of
the past year were 4,G57/. 8«. lorf. of
which 1,772/. 15«. was derived from an-
nual subscriptions and arrears, and an
extra sum of 1 ,00.9/. from the sale of Ex-
chequer Bills. The current expenses of
the year were 3,731)/. 18*. and there re-
mained a balance in the treasurer's hands
of 917/. The present invested capital of
the institution was stated as 37,630/. in
the Three per Cents. The report of the
managers announced, that the repairs of
the buildings of the institution, rendered
necessary by the causes referred to in the
report of last year, had been completed,
the total expenditure in the year being
963/. Is. 2d. The unexpected demands
upon the funds of the institution had been
met by the sale of 1,000/. in Exchequer
Bills, which sum was the result of previous
savings, and intended as a reserve fund
for such purposes ; so that no diminution
had taken place in the permanent vested
income of the institution.
ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRIT. ARCHITECTS.
March 30. Mr. Hamilton, Honorary
Fellow, in the chair.
A communication was read from M.
Vaudoyer, of Paris, accompanying a copy
of a report on the state of art in France,
during a period of thirty years. Mr. Do-
9
naldton spoke of the improTementi which
had been made in England within the Uit
twenty years, and suggested the import-
ance of a similar report here : on which
subject a conversation took place, where-
in Mr. Fowler, Mr. Hamilton, and Mr.
Ciodwin bore part.
Mr. Donaldson read a description of an
ancient Pelasgic. tomb (similar to that of
Agamenmon at Mycenae) recently disco-
vered at Cervetri, between Rome and Ci-
vitTi Vecchia, communicated by the Cava-
liere Canina.
Some remarks on Garden Walla hj
Mr. J. B. Watson were also read.
April 27. The Marquess of Northamp-
ton in the chair.
Mr. George Alexander read a paper on
Egyptian Architecture, the chief object of
wiiich was to apportion the varions tem-
ples remaining to their several periods,
and to classify as far as possiUe the
changes observable in the style. It is
now generally understood that many hnild-
ings in Egypt, that were formerly assigned
to an extremely remote date, were not
erected until after the Roman invasion. No
building of the time of the Pharoahs has
a portico ; the date of the earliest portico
in Egypt is that of the reign of the last
king but two previous to the Persian in-
vasion under Darius : columns were used
in interiors nevertheless. Mr. Alexander
entered into some remarks on the E^p-
tian Hall, Piccadilly, and shewed where
errors had been fallen into, through want
of correct information.
In relation to the pyramidal form given
to Egyptian buildings, Mr. W. Han^ton
mentioned as a fact, that none of the co-
lumns in the Parthenon at Athens are
perpendicular, but that on both sides they
all incline slightly towards the ridge of
the roof.
Mr. George Godwin, jun. afterwarda
oflPered some remarks to the meeting on
the question raised by Sir Gardner Wil-
kinson, respecting the origin of the verti-
cal line in architecture. The tenor of Sir
G. Wilkinson's argument was, that the
vertical line, admitted to be the principal
feature distinguishing Gothic architectnre
from the Greek style, whereof the predo-
minance of horizontal lines is a eiuurac-
teristic, — originated at a mnch earlier date
than the style it now distinguishet, and it
to be found extensively in the rnina of
ancient Rome. The appearance tiiat it
presented at Rome may he nndentood
irom the following extract from Sfar Ghffd-
ner's paper : '* In an ardi of Triumph, a
Roman composition, though the monlaingt
and many other details are borrowed from
the Greek, the vertical line oommeiioM
with the pedestal of the cdanmi q^iwiidM
1840.]
Aniiptarian JResearches*
to iti side, and, extending upwards with
the column, breaks through the entabla-
ture, which it obliges to come forward to
carry out and mark its direction, requires
a projection of the attic to correspond
with the capital above the cornice, and
terminates in a statue ; thus continuing
it uninterruptedly from the base to the
summit of the building.'* Mr. Godwin
ascribed this mode of arrangement simply
to the introduction of the arch as a chief
feature in construction, and the want of
pure taste on the part of the Roman peo-
ple. In Greece, said the writer, and in
the earlier sacred edifices of Rome, built
before the introduction of the arch, and
in imitation of those of Greece, columns
bore the beams of wood, or blocks of stone,
forming the upper part of the building,
and were a constituent portion of the fa-
bric. When however it became necessary
to cover-In larger spaces than could be
conveniently spanned by single beams or
blocks, reaching from pillar to pillar, and
the principle of the arch became generally
understood and acted on, a continued waU
from which the arch might spring, became
requisite, and took the place of columns.
The Romans, hdwever, who had little real
appreciation of harmony and fitness (with
a love of which the Greeks, as a people,
were thoroughly imbued) , could not con-
sent to abandon the columns, but used
them in the shape of accessories in all
structures the destination of which would
allow of this introduction. They were
placed against the faces of buildings, — at-
tached to, but not made a portion oi
Probably, where a great projection)
thought advisable, the height of t
lumn, as by that of course the d:
must have been regulated, was le».
and a pedestal fcolutnn*s footj was
to raise them to the required h
Something to bind the upper part c
column to the building was however f<
site, and the entablature, then surroui
the structure itself, may have been bn
out for that purpose over each of th<
lumns. This of itself, namely, col
bearing nothing, — simply standing b.
a building with which Uiey seemed to
little connection, must have failed to
pleasure ; offering, however, as they
a convenient plinth for vases or sculpt
figures, these were found in some d
to lesien the objection, an4 it is not .
prising, therefore, that they were
thus terminated, sometimes wit«i,
sometimes without, the intervention (m «
similar projection of the attic under t^
figure.
May 4. At the Annual General Mei^
ing Earl de Grey took the chair. Tb#
following gentlemen were elected to form
the Council of the ensuing year : Messrf.
Kay, Blore, and Burton as Vice-Pred^
dents ; Chawner, Ferrey, Mocatta, Salvin,
Mylne, Papworth, and Inman, as ordinary
members ; C. Fowler and A. Poynter, as
Honorary Secretaries. The report which
was read showed that the affairs of the
Society were in a flourishing condition*
ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.
SOCIETY OP ANTIQUARIES.
April 30. W. R. Hamilton, esq. V. P.
His Grace the Duke of Buckingham
and Chandos was elected a Fellow of the
Society.
W. D. Haggard, esq. presented to the
Museum of the Society a sacrificial in-
strument found in one of the ancient
tombs of Etruria, which had been exhi-
bited on a former occasion. This present
was warmly welcomed, as being the first
made to the Society since the erection of
some cases at the end of their meeting-
room for the purpose of exhibiting their
accumulated stores — a measure which it is
hoped will be the occasion of an instruc-
tive addition to the Society, which in re-
spect of a Museum is at present far sur-
passed by the Antiquarian Society of New-
castle, and by many provincial Institu-
tions. The design, however, can scarcely
be brought into full operation until an
increase of accommodation can be acquired
either in Somerset House or elsewhere.
Gent. Mag. Vol. XIII.
John Gage Rokewode, esq. Director,
exhibited some small gold ornaments dis-
covered in a pyramid at Meroe in Nubia,
consisting of a scarabaeus, two links of a
necklace, an Indian dog or jackall, and a
diminutive bell.
Charles R. Smith, esq. F.S.A- mW-
bited a variety of relics discovered in ca-
verns in the limestone hills two miles
north-east of Settle, in Yorkshire, and
communicated to him by Mr. Joseph Jack*
son of that place ; together with a plan of
the caves. The relics consisted of Roman
coins, chiefly those termed mtntmt, fibulse,
an enamelled stud or button, fragments of
pottery, rings and armillae in bronze and
jet, heads in glass and jet (some incrusted
in stalagmite), bone ornaments and pins,
bone hooks (such as are now used by the
South Sea Islanders for fishing), and bones
and teeth of the hog and other animals.
The aperture to these caves was at a
height of about 50 feet, and so small that
a man could scarcely effect an entrance
4 M
634
Antiquarian Researches.
[Jooe,
but by crawling in ; but the chamben
themtelvet are very spacious : the pas-
lages leading from one to another are very
narrow. One was found rudely walled.
The remains exhibited were found in the
clay which to the extent of two feet in
depth covered the floors. It appears pro-
bable that these caves were resorted to by
the Romans and Britons as a temporary
place of refuge from the northern barba-
rians, after the departure of the Romans.
George Ormerod, esq. LL.D., F.S.A.
communicated an account of two leaden
Fonts existing in the parish church of
Tidenham in Gloucestershire, and in the
ancient chapel of Lanraut in the same pa-
rish. They were evidently cast from the
same mould, and in each the design is
three times repeated ; the whole forming
a range of twelve alto-relievo figures within
arches. Their style is Saxon, and resem-
bles that of the Benedictional of St.
Ethel wold, of which the presumed date is
the latter part of the ninth century. Mr.
Ormerod's paper was iUustrated by some
remarks on the lines of Offa's Dyke and
the Akeman Street near*the junction of
the rivers Wye and Severn in Tidenham
parish, and in that district of country which
may be termed the forest peninsula of
Gloucestershire, lying immediately under
view from the heights of Piercefield. The
manor of '* Dyddenhame'* was given to
the abbey of Bath by a charter of King
Edwy dated in the year 956, which is
printed in the Monasticon AngUcanum.
May 7. Mr. Hamilton in the chair.
J. A. Cahusac, esq. of Tibber ton- square,
Islington, and Mr. Augustus William
Gadsden, of Hull, were elected Fellows of
the Society.
Mr. Combe exhibited a rubbing of the
monumental brass of Thomas Boleyn,
Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond, K.G. at
Hever, Kent (engraved in Thorpe's Mon.
Inscriptions, appended to the Custumale
Roffense).
Sydney Smirke, esq. F.S.A. presented
various architectural views of the tower of
S. Gottardo, attached to the Palace at
Milan, with some remarks on its struc-
ture. It is of great height and elegance,
built chiefly of brick, and ornamented
with small columns of marble, stone being
very sparingly used, in combination with
the iron ties, &c. It contains a large bell,
six feet in diameter, which was cast in the
year 1400 by an English Benedictine.
J. O. Halliwell, esq. F.R.S. and F.S.A.
communicated a Second Series of Obser-
rations on the history of certain events
in English History during the reign of
Edward the Fourth ; deduced from various
documents which he has discovered chiefly
by means of actual inspection into the
Tolames preserved io public repodtories
of MSS. undeterred by the nnpromising
statements of the Catalogues. This re-
mark applies particularly to a royid Pro-
clamation made at Dunst«bl«, 8th May
1459, found in the Cotton MS. Tib. A.
X. and to two contemporary dimries or
narratives found in the Lambeth library,
Nos. 306 and 448.
May 14. Henry Hallam, esq. V. P.
John Gough Nichols, esq. F.S.A. exhi-
bited a beautiful drawing of tlie sepulchral
effigies of Richard II. and his Queea,
Anne of Bohemia, in Westminster Abbey,
made by Mr. Thomas HoUis, in neariy
half the scale of the originals, in order to
shew the singularly curious and elegant
manner in which it has been discovered
that the royal robes are adorned with va-
rious cognisances and other devices, as
the White Hart, the Broom -plant, the
Ostrich of Bohemia, &c. &c. These or-
naments have been utterly unknown, from
the accumulated dust of centuries. Mr.
J. G. Nichols promised some further re-
marks upon them on a future occasion. '
The reading was continued of Mr.
Halliwell's ** Observations on the His-
tory of certain Events in the Reign of
Edward the Fourth,'' illustrated by va-
rious orig^al documents.
The Duke of Argyle was present at the
meeting, and exhibited three bracelets of
solid gold, found in Scotland. Two of
them terminate in the two cup-like ends,
like the larger sort of those articles found
in Ireland, which Sir William Betham has
classed as ring-money.
May 21. The Eari of Aberdeen, Pres.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert at-
tended this meeting, and inscribed his
name in the Admission Book of the So-
ciety. The following gentlemen were
elected Fellows : William Burge, esq. of
Lincoln's Inn, Q. C. ; Richard Gardiner
Alston, esq. of Harley Street (grandson
of the late Jeremiah Milles, D.D. Dean of
Exeter, President of the Society) ; Scrope
Ayrton, esq. Barrister- at-law; and Charles
James Richardson, esq. architect.
John Gage Rokewode, esq. Director,
exhibited, with some brief remarks, the
results of an investigation of the only re-
maining barrow of the Bartlow group,
that had not previously been explored.
It was opened by Lord MaynanI, the
landlord, in the presence of a numerous
party of scientific friends, on the 31st of
April last. The antiquities found were,
as with the former barrows, all of the
Roman sera. They consist of sixteen ar-
ticles : 1 . a square glass urn, containing
bones whitened bv cremation ; 2. a dark
urn, containing other portions of bones ;
3. a bronze prtefericnlum, with an ele-
k
1 840.]
Antiquarian Researches,
gantly shaped mouth, of the pattern called
by Wedgwood the club pattern ; 4. a
bronze patera ; 5. and 6. spherical earthen-
ware vessels, with necks, of yellow ware ;
7, 8, and 9, three vessels of red earthen-
ware, two cups (one of them has the mark
POTTACVS) and one saucer ; 10, II , 12,
and 13, four small dark earthenware urns ;
14. an iron lamp, much corroded, resem-
bling those found in the other barrows ;
15. a long-necked glass vessel, of the kind
formerly called lacrymatories ; and 16. a
vessel, of particularly fine and clear glass,
resembling in shape the graduated mea-
sure of apothecaries. Many of these ar-
ticles were examined by Prince Albert
with much apparent interest.
CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.
May 7. The first meeting of this So-
ciety for the seasQn was held at the lodge
of St. John's College, the Rev. Ralph
Tatham, D.D. Master of St. John's, and
Vice-chancellor of the University, Presi-
dent, in the chair. M. Guizot, Profes-
sor Von Huber, of Marburg, and John
Gough Nichols, esq. F.S.A. were elected
honorary members of the Society. The
following communications were read : 1 .
' A List of MSS. in his Collection relat-
ing to Cambridge,' by Sir Thomas Phil-
lipps, Bart M.A. F.R.S. ; 2. * A Mea-
surement of Part of Ely Cathedral in the
13th Century, from a MS. in the Cotto-
nian Collection,' by Sir Thomas Phillipps,
Bart. ; 3. ' A Catalogue of the Books
given to Catharine Hall by the Founder,'
by the Rev. G. E. Corrie, Norrisian Pro-
fessor of Divinity. 4. * The Statutes of
King's College in Latin, with an English
Translation,' by James Hey wood, esq.
F.R.S. 5. * A Copy of an Abbreviated
Chronicle, from A. D. 1377 to A. D.
1469, containing Curious Notices of Uni-
versity Proceedings,' by the Rev. J. J.
Smith, Fellow and Tutor of Caius Col-
lege, and Treasurer of the Society. 6.
* A Legendary Account of the Founda-
tion of the Town of Cambridge, from a
MS. in Lambeth Palace,' by James Or-
chard Halliwell, esq. F.R.S. of Jesus
College, Secretary of the Society. 7. * A
Poem, entitled, * Ebrietatis Compendium,*
by Henry Rogers, Fellow of King's Col-
lege in the early part of the Seventeenth
Century, from MS. No. 83, in the Li-
brary of the Royal Society,' by Mr. Hal-
liwell. Mr. Deck exhibited to the So-
ciety several relics of Roman antiquities
found in the neighbourhood of Cambridge.
Sherman's *' History of Jesus College,"
which has recently been published under
the auspices of the Society, edited by Mr.
Halliwell, the Secretary, was announced
M reftdy for delivery.
CAMBRIDGE CAMDEN SOCIE"
May 8. The anniversary mec
this Society was held at the rooms
Philosophical Society. After the
of several new members, among
were the names of the Chancellor
University and the Marquess of
ampton, the report was read. It
bited a brief view of the proceedings
Society during the past year, and w<
dered to be printed, together witi-
President's address. A paper was
read by Mr. Charles, of Tnnity, on !r
It pointed out the various steps by ^
they csune to be held in such venera
and contained some curious inscrip.
from various parts of the country,
discussion arose on this paper, in wl
some interesting statements were madi
Prof. Corrie on the ** Shriving " bell.
Mr. Webb, of Trinity, read the first
a series of papers on the Crypts of Lo«-
don. The subject of the present was that
in Basinghall-lane. This gave rise to a
long conversation on the original design
and nature of Crypts.
On the 14th a party of the Society
joined the President in an architectural
visit to the churches of Swaffham Prior,
Burwell, and Fordham, in this county ;
and on the 18th a party visited the chapel
of Jesus College.
We are glad to learn that Sir Thomai
Phillipps, Bart, of Middlehill, Worcester-
shire, proposes to print the Heraldic Vi-
sitation of Cambridgeshire in I6l9f as
soon as a sufficient number of subscribers
can be obtained. This visitation contains
150 pedigrees ; and was made by Sir
Henry Saint George, whilst Richmond
Herald, as deputy to Camden.
ROMAN ANTIQUITIES AT STOURwPAINE,
DORSET.
Mr. Urban, Much speculation hav-
ing been excited among the curious in
antiquarian researches in these parts
with regard to some circular perforated
atones with flat sides which were dug up
in the course of last summer between the
front of a Roman camp and the outer
agger of some British works on Hod Hill
in this parish, and participating myself in
the curiosity so generally felt as to their
age and use, permit me to draw the at-
tention of your contributors on such sub-
jects to the stones in question, and to
solicit their elucidation of the purpose for
which they were employed, and which at
present remains but problematical with all
who have examined them, and many of
whom are not devoid of sagacity and
learning.
The material of which these stones con-
6S6
Antiquarian Researches.
IJuat,
sist ii a fine sandstonr, and certainly far
too loft and friable in its nnture for grind-
ing com, or for sliarpcniuf^ implement!! of
agriculture, or any other articles of cut-
lery. Their diameters vary from ISJ to
9 Inches; their circumference from 44 to
3 feet, their depth from r>| inches to 3
inches. Each is perforated with a eircnhr
hole, the diameter of which in the largest
■tone is 4i inches at the top, and 3 J inches
at the bottom : in the smallest 4 inches
at the top, and 'A at the bottom. These
holes, be it remarked, are rircvfar, and
gradually diminishing in diameter from
one side of the stones to the other ; and
this fact, in my humble opinion, at once
itrovei the impossibility of their having
been used for the purposes of grinding,
or sharpening, independently of the con-
sideration of the nature of their material.
It mar, perhaps, be superfluous to say
that of the various conjectures concerning
their use, some are, not to say as absurd,
yet as amusing as the opinion prevalent
in our Tillages, and which therefore I
have presumed to call the village hypothC'
8%My with respect to the puq>ose for which
the tumHii, or mounds, on our downs were
constructed, to cover thone who trere mur-
dered by tramps ; but one conjecture, and
which it is but due to the worthy indi-
vidual to state, first occurred to a highly
respectable and well-informed yeoman in
the neighbourhood, appears to me so well
grounded and sagacious that I cannot help
submitting it, through your columns, to
the consideration of the antiquarian world.
The gentleman alluded to is of opinion
that the stones in question were used by
the Roman officers for the purpose of
keeping steady their amphora or jars of
wine. These jars we know tapered from
their shoulders, and ended in a narrow
base ; and we also know that the ancient
Egyptians, and likewise the Romans, fixed
their wine jars in stones of this descrip-
tion, for the reason above mentioned.
J. C. Prattbnt.
Stottr-paine Vicarage.
nOMAN ANTiaUITIES AT HUDDKRSFIELD.
Mr. Urban, Since I forwarded my com-
munication on the Roman remains found
on the site of the ancient Cambodunum
within a few miles of Huddersfield, (in-
serted in your last number,) a labourer has
acquainted me with a discovery made by
him a short time ago, in digging in the
fields (called the Eald Fields) of a great
variety of fragments of urns and vases,
which, it is very singular, should be so
much scattered and broken. How«fer»
by placing with great care some of these
fragments in a state of juita-position, it
appears designed to represent a himtiiig
scene. There is the fignre in relief of •
greyhound in full chase after m hare, the
whole well executed and forming put of
a vase. I have thought it worm wUte
communicating this additional diacoreiy
to yon, as it is evident that this, Rke
many other remaint brought to Uglit from
time to time on the lite of die ancient
Cambodunum, would toon bt forgnitm^
unless recorded in a work like yonrii
which will never cease to be a work of re-
ference to distant ages. While on tbe
subject I beg to call the attention of your
readers to an inscription formerly dis-
covered in this Roman settlement on a
walling stone.
3 REBURRHUI
This inscription is supposed \xf Mr.
Watson to be the name of a centurion.-^
Gibbon in his Decline and Fall of the
Roman Empire has the following pMnge.
<* But this native splendour (aUnding to
the city of Rome) is degraded and snUied
by the conduct of some nobles { who nn-
mindful of their own dignity, and of tliat
of their country, assume an nnbonnded
licence of vice and folly. They contend
with each other in the empty vanitr of
titles and surnames ; and ourionaly ■etoetv
or invent, the most lofty and eeworwii
appellations, Rehurrau or Fabnnins, Pkgo-
rius or Tarrasius, which may impreta tiie
ears of the vulgar with astonishment and
respect."
I have not met with the name RriMuriittB
in any other author ancient or modemy
but it is evident that an ofioerof that
name commanded at Slack, and that too
at a very late period of the Roman do*
minion in Britain.
May 8. J. K. Walkbe, M.D.
RGMAN ACADEMT OF AnOHiBOLOCT.
March S6. D. Ketro OdeaoalfH
President.
The perpetual Secretary, the ChevaUer
P. E. visconti, gave an acoovnt of an
important inscription lately foond near
Cervetri, where the Statnes had been pre-
viously discovered. In so doing, -ttJs
learned archeeologist took oocanon to
attribute the merit of the excavatimi-
made there, which had led to anch inte-
resting results, to the Ducheaa di Senno-
neta, whose seal for archmdogy was well
known. The inscription was as ibUowa :-*
TI. CLAVDIVS . AVO. LIB. BVC0LA8 . PRABOVSTATOB . TMCLINAmO •
PROG. A MVNERIB. PROG. AftVAR. PROG. CA8TRKN8IS . OVM. Q. OIiAT9IO.^
FLAYIANO . riLIO , ET . SVLPICXA. CANTABBA . MATJUI. »• " '
1840.]
Antiquarian Researches.
637
The Abbate A. Coppi read to the Aca-
demy ail historical notice on Politorio,
Tellene, and the Castles of Casa Ferrata,
Decinio, Romano, and Porciliano, in the
Agru Romano, now all deserted. He
mentioned the attempts made by Cardinal
Alberuni, on leaving Spain, to induce
settlers to inhabit these places, and the
bad success of his endeavours, on account
of the noxious climate and the malaria of
the localities.
FRKNCII ANTIQUARIAN INTELLIOBNCE.
Paris. — M. de Montalembert has
frtarted the discussion in the Comit^ His-
tori(|ue des Arts ct Monuments, whether
it be possible and suitable to tit up
Churches at the present day in the style
of the middle ages. An answer in the
aftinnative has been given by the Com-
mittee ; and a Commission, appointed to
recommend some general plan for car-
rying the idea into execution, comprises
the Count de Montalembert, Baron Tay-
lor, M. Vitet, M. Deleclu7e, M.Schmidt,
and M. Albert Lenoir, the eminent archi-
tect nn<l Professor of Christian Archaeo-
logy. This Commission will draw up a
set of recommendations to the clergy on
the subject.
Nine statues in stone, of the natural
^ize, richly painted and gilt, have been
found underground, in the cellar of a
lioune at the ct>rner of the Rue St. Denis,
and the Rue Mauconseil. They are
supposed til have belonged to the Chnrch
of the Pelerins de St. Jac({ues, and to be
of the l.Sth century. M. Didron, Secretary
(»f the Cdiiiite llirttorique dcs Arts et
Monument]!, has published a letter calling
on the vtatc to purchase these statues for
the Museum of Christian Antiquities in
the Palais dcs Thermes, and to remon-
strate against the rude and ignorant man-
ner in which they have been extracted
from the ground, whereby they hare been
much damaged.
HooKH. — M. I^plane*s History of Sis.
trron, one of the most curious towns of
a part of France rarely visited by foreign-
ers, \h well hpoken of. There is an im-
mense deal of new matter for the antiqua-
rian traveller throughout the whole coun-
try, include<l between Che Pennine Alps
and \]ic Rhone, down to its mouth. The
ilistrict may be said to be perfectly un-
known to British Archfeologists.— The
Annuaire dn Ilat$et Alp€t is a very use*
fill book for m:iny topics of local infor-
mation.— The second numlicr of the bul-
letin of the ComiU Hittoriqui de9 Arh ei
Monummtt has not yet appeared. There
i« a hitch somewhere in the complicated
machinery of the Bureau of the Minifter
of Public lAftniction.
The Rtvu€ d€ VArehU§eiur9 et TVoMiur
Publiqun ii now at its Fourth Number.
The Fifth is also on the point of appear-
ing. The engraving department of thit
work continues to be on a acale of great
beauty, joined to professional precision
and minuteness of detail and measure*
ment. It is a work suited for the archi-
tect and engineer, as an authoritatire
book of reference. There is a very inte-
resting article in Nos. 3 and 4 on the
Monuments (extant, or of which repre-
sentation remain), erected to the memorj
of architects of the middle ages, and two
admirably executed wood-cuta are given
with it of brasses ; one to the memory of
Maistre Hngues Libergier, architect of
tlie Church of St. Nicaise at Rheims;
the other to Alexandre de Bemeval and
one of his pupils, the architect of St.
Ouen at Rouen. There ia a curious pat-
sage in this article stating how, in \ii%7^
on the Saturday before the Festival of St.
Giles and St. Leu, Estienne de Bonoeil,
*' Tailleur en pierres, maistre do faira
I'Eglise de Upsal en Su^," (Sweden)
declared, in presence of the Provost of
Paris, that he had borrowed forty livres
of two Swedish students for the ezpenies
of the journey which he was about to
make thither, accompanied by ten com-
panions and ten Baekelert, in order to
carry on the work fbr which be had been
commissioned. — There is also a good
article in No. 4, on Domestic Architec-
ture, in which the Editor, Mr. Daly,
points out tlie disadvantages ariiiog to
the formation of a national school of
architecture in England from the cirenm*
stance of each family occupying almoil
always a single house to itself. He ahowi
that on this account a large majority of
the houses in London have ever been
small in sixe, and nearly devoid of til
external architectural ornamentation, to
say noUiing of architectural grandenr;
whereas, in Paris, where each bouse ii
occupied by a great number of fiuniliet»
and the buildings are very extensive, •
much greater degree of architectural dig-
nity and ornamentation haa long pre-
vailed.
Rhone. — The waters of the RhoiM
being, in consequence of the extraordi-
nary drought, lower this year than hag
ever been known in the memorv of man,
several interesting discoveries nave beaA
made in the bed of the river at Lyoaa.
At the foot of one of the piers of abndga,
a stone has been laid dry, upon which waa
found an inscription in French to the fol-
lowing purport :
" He who hath seen me hath wept ;
He who seeth me shall weep.*
Some eztanaiva repain aad aHeratioiia
63{<
Antiquarian Researches .
[Jane,
have been uiuicrtaken nt the Quay Ful-
chiroii ; the workmen in removing some
ancient piles from the bed of the river,
found under them the bronze leg of a
horse, evidently of the beat period of Ro-
man art. This relic has been since ascer-
tained to belong to the tono of a bronze
horse, long since placed in the Museum at
Lyons. Other discoveries are expected
to be made on the same spot.
OisE. — ^The Bishop of Beanvais has
just instituted an Archaeological Commis-
sion at Beauvais, to superintend the Chris-
tian antiquities of his diocese. Among
the instructions issued to all curates and
ecclesiastics under the Bishop^s jurisdic-
tion, it is especially enjoined them not
to allow of any reparations or alterations
being made in any ecclesiastical building,
except in the primitive style of that build-
ing ; and also not to allow of the sale or
transfer of any object of antiquity belong-
ing to such buildings without the pre-
vious consent of the diocesan. It is also
enjoined them to make returns of the state
and style of the churches.
Seine et Oise. — At Montfort-PA-
raaury, part of the ancient chateau of
the Amaurys threatening to fall down, the
municipal council, instead of propping up
the wall, about forty feet high, which
might have been done at small expense,
ordered it to be pulled down ; and, to
effect this, the locad architect employed a
great number of men, and an immense
system of levers formed by beams of the
largest dimensions, to root up the part of
the wall in question. The act of Van-
dalism was completed on the 24th of
April 1840, at a cost three or four times
as great as it would have taken to pre-
serve the wall entire. It is a pity that the
Municipal Council and the architect were
not under the wall at the time it fell !
Corsica. — M. Merim^e, in his work
on this island, just published, entitled.
Notes of a Tour in Corsica^ observes
that there are no churches remaining
there of a date anterior to the eleventh
century ; and that the greater part of the
mediaeval churches are all anterior to the
fourteenth century, most of them resem-
bling the sacred edifices of Pisa in the
stj'le of their architecture. The most re-
markable is the Canonica, the ancient ca-
thedral of Mariana, an edifice standing by
itself in the midst of a plain, where the
shepherds come in summer to pasture
their flocks. All the other early churches,
such as San Perteo, that of Carbini, the
church of Paomia, and the ancient cathe-
dral of Nebbio, all reproduce the Byzan-
tine characteristics of the Canonica. The
church of St. Michel of Murato is one of
remarkable purity and elegance of archi-
tecture ; that of St. Nicholas, near Mu-
rAtO; is not l^s worthy of notice, on ac<
count of its ornamentation. The only
traces of the pointed style are to be fomid
at Bonifacio, and there the specimens are
not good ones. There are numeroiis Cel-
tic or Gaelic remains, dolmens, crom-
lechs, &c. in the inner parts of the island.
The Roman remains are peculiarly scanty.
DoRDOGNE. — On the application of the
Bishop of Pdrigueux, the minister of jus-
tice and public worship has made an an-
nual grant of 1500 francs towards the
repairs of the cathedral of P6riguens» be«
sides a sum of 4500 francs fbr present ne-
cessities. The complete restoration of
this fine building is expected to be
shortly taken in hand.
GiRONDE. — ^The medals and coins lately
discovered at Cestus, near Bordeaux, are
all of the second century, except two of
Domitian of the first century, and two of
Alexander Severus of the third. Among
them are one of Sabina ; two of Anto-
ninus Pius ; one of Marcus Aurelios,
large brass ; on the reverse of this medal
are funeral piles and a car. There are also
among them a Faustina Junior, hearing on
its reverse Cybele seated between two
lions ; one of Julian I. (Didius Julianas)
middle brass, on the reverse a fismalB
standing between two standards. This
medal is extremely rare. All the medals
are well preserved.
Haut Rhin. — The Minister of the In-
terior has granted 1000 firancs to each of
the three buildings, — the church of Ros-
heim, of the eleventh century, one of the
most interesting of France ; the abbey
church of Marmoutier ; and the erypt of
the abbey of Andlau.
Saone et Loire. In the Bois de St.
Jean, near Autun, the tomb of a Roman
female has been uncovered by some wood-
cutters. The covering is a rough stone
1*15 metres long, by *35 metre wide. The
upper end is deeply chiselled, and bears
a female head in relief, below which is
the word MINVCIA. Underneath the
stone was found a small vase of yellow
earth filled with ashes, by the side of
which was a bronze ring.
Belgium. — ^The tower of the Hotel
d'Egmont, at Mechlin, to which so many
historical and national recollections were
attached, has just been demolished. The
magnificent gateways of the city of the
15th century, had been previonsly taken
down by order of the barbaroM nnuiici-
pality.
WuRTEHBERG. — A considerable Aom*
bcr of Roman antiquities have been dis-
covered a few weeks back, near the hill
of Alkenburg, on the left bank of tiie
Neckar. Among them an several. ooins-
of Maximinus and SeTWWy wd fOHM of .
Fhilippni, A.D« 248,
039
HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.
PROCEEDINGS IN PARLIAMENT.
House of Lobds, May 4<.
The Judges attended to give their
answers in reference to the Canadian
Clergy Reserves. They are of opinion
that the words ** a Protestant clergy," in
the 31st Geo. III. cap. 31 (sections 35 to
42), are large enough to include, and do
include, other clergy than clergy of the
Church of England, and Protestant
bishops, and priests and deacons who
have received episcopal ordination. And
to the second part of the question, "If
any other, what other?" they answered,
clergymen of the Church of Scotland.
With respect to the second question,
they are of opinion that the 41st section
of the 31 St Geo. III. is entirely pro-
spective, and that the power whicn it
gave to the Legislative Council and As-
sembly of either of the provinces of Ca-
nada is limited to future allotments and
appropriations, and cannot affect lands
already appropriated. With respect to
the last question proposed, they all agree
in opinion that the Legislative Council
and Assembly of Upper Canada, have
exceeded their lawful authority in pass*
ing an act " to provide for the sale of the
Clergy Reserves, and for the distribution
of the proceeds thereof,** and that any
sale made under its provisions will be
contrary to the provisions of the 7th and
8th of Geo. IV. and therefore void.
The second reading of the Irish Mu-
nicipal Corporations Reform Bill
was strongly opposed by the Earl of
JVinckilsea, the Marquess of West-
meathf Lord Montcashelf and the Duke
of Newcastle. The Duke of Wei.
lington should not oppose the second
reading, but should watch the measure
closely in committee ; when, if not
amended to his satisfaction, he should
oppose the third reading. — The Earl of
Winchilsea having moved that the Bill be
read a second time that day six months,
their lordships divided, and the amend-
ment was lost by a majority of 99, or 131
against 32.
In the House of Commons on the
same«day, Lord John Russell brought in
two Bills to remedy the defects in the
Registration of Voters. His lord-
ship laid it down as a general principle
that the great object of the Legislature
should be to give facilities for the fran-
chise, not to place impediments in the
way of its exercise. As remedies for the
*o MV
varying judgments of the revising
ters, and for frivolous notices of
tion, he proposed — first, a fixed ct
permanent revising barristers, fift
number, who should go their c
through the kingdom. He would
the voter, as is now the practice in
land, to register without proof of t
not objected to ; at the lisk, howc
such a case, of being questioned at <
sequent registration. But if the
should regularly prove his title t<
satisfaction of the barrister, the regi
tion of his vote on such proof shou.-
final, unless the vote should be disp
by appeal, or unless the circumstant
his qualification should afterwards
changed. In case of frivolous objecti^m
costs should be allowed. The appcitl
should be only on questions of Jaw,
leaving the barrister's decision final upon
facts. Of the fifteen barristers there
should be appellate judges, taking a
smaller share of the circuit business.
Such a tribunal would, ere long, have
the effect of reconciling discordant deci-
sions, and settling a body of uniform law.
The judges, by the present law, named
the revising barristers. He proposed
that each of the judges should name three
candidates, giving forty-five in all : from
which forty- five the fifteen should be
selected by the Speaker. This would be
a practical recognition of the right of the
House to adjudicate upon questions of
parliamentary election. The fifteen so
chosen by the Speaker should not be re-
movable, except, like the superior judges,
by address.
The proposals of his other Bill are,
that in boroughs at least 51. of the 10/.
qualification shall be in house pro-
perty as distinguished from property in
land. In counties joint occupiers of
sufficient value to qualify each, may vote
as they do in boroughs. The long.com-
plained-of requisition of paying up taxes
before registration is altered, to a provi.
sion that it shall not be necessary to have
paid any assessed taxes, nor any poor-
rates not due at least six months before
the election. No person to lose his vote
at an election by reason of a change of
residence since the last registration.
House of Lords, May 5.
May 5. The Earl of Aberdeen moved the
first reading of a Bill to arrange the
640
Parliafneniary Proeeedlngg,
[Jane,
dispute relative to the right of presen-
TATION TO LIVINGS IN SCOTI.AND. The
agitation which at present prevails has
t&en its rise from an act of the General
Assembly, b^ which a niajoritj of the
heads of families in a parish are enabled,
in the case of any presentation, to pro-
hibit the Presbytery, by the mere expres-
sion of their dissent, from proceeding
with the examination of the patron's no-
minee, who is consequently rendered in-
capable of profiting by his representation.
A person tous dissented to had brought
the case before the Court of Session,
who pronounced the ** Veto" an illegal
interference with the patron's rights;
their decision was appealed a^iust, and
the House in its appellate jurisdiction
bad confirmed the judgment. The Ge-
neral Assembly, instead of rescinding their
act, had merely suspended its operation
for one year ; and, during this period, the
Committee had prohibited the Presbytery
from proceeding with the examination of
a person to whom the congregation dis-
sented. The Presbytery, being aware
that the *' Veto" had been pronounced
illegal, declined to obey this prohibition,
and a majority of their number were in
consequence immediately suspended. In
order to remedy this state of things, the
Noble Earl said that by the system which
he proposed to establish, the nominee of
the patron would be directed by the Pres-
bytery to preach in the parish church,
and an intimation would be afterwards
given that they would receive any objec-
tion on the part of the parishioners to
the minister, either generally or to his
settlement in that particular parish, which
objection should on a day appointed for
the purpose, be carefully considered and
decided upon, the appeal on either part
being to the superior ecclesiastical courts.
The nuke qf Buccleitch, the Duke qf
'Argyll^ and Lord Oalloway having ex-
pressed their entire concurrence with the
principles of the Bill, Lord Melbourne
expressed a wish that the subject should
meet with the fullest consideration ; and
the Bill was read a first time.
May 11. The Lord Chancellor moved
the second reading of his Bill for the
better AoMiNiSTaATioN of Justice. His
lordship made a long statement to show
that the Chancery Courts, as at present
constituted, were insufficient to perform
the immense increase of business, and
proposed various alterations, of which the
following are the leading points : — that
there should be two new Judges in Chan-
cery to be called Vice-chancellors,
making altogether three Vice Chancel-
lors ; that there should be a Law Master
in Chancery; that the Master of the
10
Rolls should be pennuiently Yice-Preai-
dent of the Jumdal Committee of the
Privv Council ; that this Committee
should have the power to call on the
fifteen judges for their opinion; that the
equity Jurisdiction of the Court of Ex-
chequer should be abolished. The Bill
was read a second time.
MayXb, The House hmvingretolved it-
self into a committee of Ways and Meant,
the Chancellor of the Exchequer pm-
ceeded to open his Budget. He begaa
by stating toe income and expenditure
of last year, and explained that the de-
ficiency of 1,457,000/. was not all of it
to be provided for now, I 000,00(K.
having been alreadv raised in Exchequer
bills, and other bxchequer-bills to the
amount of $^,000/. having been issued
to the Irish cleiigy, and afterwards fund-
ed. These sums deducted from the be-
fore-mentioned deficiency, left a present
deficit of only 197.000/. to be actually
provided for. Coming to the calculation
for the current year, he stated that the
total expenditure would be 49,432,000/.
and the probable income, from the al-
ready existing resources, 47,034,000/.
From this latter sum he would deduct
300,000/. on account of a probable dimi-
nution in the Customs from certain re-
ductions of duty which would follow upon
the completion of a commercial treaty
now in progress with France ; and 34,000/.
on account of a remission of the duty on
carriages let for hire — a necessary relief
to the keepers of posthorsea, now seri-
ously injured by the operation of the
railways. The tax now upon hack
chaises was 4/. 5«. ; upon pair.borse*car.
riages 5/. 5«. ; upon four-wheeled car-
riages 4/. 10«. ; and upon two-wheeled
carriages 3/. 5f ; all of which he pro-
posed to reduce to 3/. Tlie income
would then stand at 46,700,000/. The
deficiency therefore would be 2,732,000/.
which he would now state his plan for
supplying. He was not disposed, except
for occasional expenses, such as those of
the Canadian and Chinese armaments, to
resort to merely temporary expedients of
finance. He must look to a revenue of
a more permanent nature. In doing this
his first object would be that the hand of
the tax-gatherer should be placed on no
new object of taxation. Except where
the old taxes had been raised to so high a
point that the increase of impost pro-
duced only decrease of consumption, and
consequently of revenue, an addition to
old taxes was better than a creation of
new; for no fresh establishments were
required, and no fresh vexations nor de-
rangements occasioned. He would there-
fore propose an addition of 5 per cent, on
1840.]
Foreign News,
641
the Cu'-toma ami Excise, with exceptions
us to certuin articles, aiul an addition of
10 per cent., or 2!>. in the pound, on the
assessed taxes. The first exception from
tlu' 5 per cent, duty would be in the
article of spirits, on which he would pro-
)>(>se a general duty of 4d. a gallon ; a
second would be in the article of corn,
which, as the duty was not levied for
piir|)oses of revenue, he proposed to leave
wholly untouched; and the third would
be in the duties on post-horses, and in
the licenses upon stage coaches, which
would also be exempted from all addi-
tion. He thought it expedient, for the
fairer levy of the window- tax, that a new
^urvey should be made ; and the produce
from all these sources would be as fol-
lows : —
6 per cent, on Customs and
Kxcise .i,M ,4.26,000
-k/. per gallon on spirits . 484,800
10 per cent, on assessed taxes 276,000
Increase from new survey . 150,000
Total new revenue 2,336,800
Mr. Hume moved as an amendment
that a |Ax on the descent of real property
on a scale varying from 1 to 10 per cent.
according to the tax on the transmisaion
of personal property. On division there
appeared for the resolution, 156 ; for the
amendment 39 ; — majority, 1 15. On the
second resolution of 5 per cent, on the
('ustoms, and 4r/. per gallon on spirits
being proposed, Capt. Jones and Gen.
Johnson opposed it. For the resolution,
111; against it 15 ; — majority, 96. The
resolution empowering an addition of 10
per cent, on the Assessed Taxes was
then agreed to, and the ,House resumed.
May 18. After the presentation of a
great many petitions for and against the
Kegistration of Voters (Ireland) Bill,
the order of the day having been read for
going into committee upon it, Sir Wil^
Ham S&merville moved as an amendment
that it be committed that day six months.
A protracted debate ensued, which was
continued on the two following evenings.
On the division there appeared for uie
amendment, 298'; against it, 301 ;— ma-
jority against ministers, 3.
FOREIGN NEWS.
FRANCE.
On the 12th of May, in the Chamber of
Dejitities, the Minister of the Interior
brotif;lit forward a project of law for the
vote of a million of fratics, to defray the
exjM'nse of an expedition to St. Helena,
under the command of the Prince de
Joinville, to bring from that island the
ashes of the Emperor Napoleon, in order
that they may find their last resting-place
in France. '* The government, anxious
to accomj)Ii»h a national duty, addressed
it.selfto Kngland, and requested the sur-
render of that precious de|>osit which for-
tune had placed in her hands. The wish
had hardly l>een expressed when it was
complied with. These arc the words of
our magnanimous allies : — 'Her Majesty's
government hopes that the promptitude
with which the answer is given will be
considered in France as a proof of its
w ish to enise the last trace of those na-
tional animosities which, during the life
of the Kmi>eror, armed France against
Kngland. Her Britannic Maiesty*s go-
vernment wishes to believe that if any
remains of such a sentiment still exist,
they will be buried in the tomb where the
la«st remains of Napoleon shall be de-
posited.' England is right, gentlemen;
this noble restitution will strengthen the
bonds which unite us, and will contribute
Glut, Mau. Vou XIII,
to efface our painful recollections of the
padt. The period is arrived when the
two nations snould only have the remem-
brance of their glory ! The credit which
we now ask of the Chamber has for its
object the removal of the remains of the
Emperior to the Invalides, the funeral
ceremony, and the erection of a tomb.
" His tomb, like his glory, will belong
only to his country !"* The minister, dur«
ing his speech, was frequently interrupted
by the most enthusiastic cheering, ana the
grant required would have been carried by
acclamation bad not the regulations of th«
Chamber required twenty-four hourt'
notice for the presentation of a new law.
A statue of the Genius of Liberty has
been raised on the summit of the column
on the Place dc la Bastille. The figure
is 13 feet in height, and weighs between
3,(HX)lbs and i.OUOlbs. It is winged, and
bt>ars in the right hand a flaminff torch«
and in the left a broken chain. One foot
rests upon a globe, the other being in the
air. On the four faces of the colnmn are
brass plates, upon which there are inscrip-
tions. That towards the east is this
— <* La loi du 13 Decembre, 1890: Un
monument sera consacr^ k la m^moire det
ev^nemens de Juillet. Li loi du 9 Man^
1833: Art. 2, Ce monument sera ^rig^
sur la Place de k Bastille.** That towardi
6'12
DofMitic Oecurreneei.
[Jane,
the west — '' A la gloire den Citojens
Fran^ais qui 8*armfTpnl et comlmttireiit
pour la drfvnst* dcd Liberty's publiqucR
dans les M^inorablcs Jouriiecfi des 27, 28
et 29 Juilli't, IHai).- Those towards the
north and south bear only the dates 27,
28 et 29 Juillet.
BPAIN.
A new Carlist insurrection broke out
in Navarre, Bt the end of April, and arm-
ed bands of Guerillas Rimultaneously ap-
peared at different points ; but they have
been defeated in two or three skirmishes,
and Espartero is gradually reducing the
fiew fortresses still held by the Carlists,
while the indomitable Cabrera, who has
been so long the sole support of the cause,
is said to be so enfeebled by severe and
protracted illness as to be scarcely able to
move. Maella, and only one or two
other towns, still hold out, but as Espar-
tero is enabled to concentrate his forces
against them, and has at his disposal an
immense matiriel, it is supposed that
they will not be able to make any formid-
able resistance.
AniCA.
The French army has travened the
])lain of Mitidja, and the vallevs of the
Oued-el-Hachemand Oued-Bdioc. Five
combats, all honourable to the titMips,
have taken place. Marshal Vallte has ror.
tified a camp at the foot of the Atlaa, at
Haouch-Mouzaia, and brought thither a
considerable supply of provisioni, but no
sooner has he marched his army to the
foot of the Atlas, than the plain behind
him is swept b^ the Arab horaemen ;
Chcrchel is besieged for six days | Al-
giers is menaced to such a degree that he
is obliged to detach 1500 men from the
invading army to save it. Military men,
in criticising his operations, find that he
committed a grand fault in extending so
much the basis of his operations. Among
the schemes discussed for the protection
of the colonists, is a wall like that of
China, or those of the Romans in Britain,
to keep away the Arab horsemen. It has
been suggested by a man of considtmble
talent, and they say put forward in so
feasible a point of view that it will at least
be considered.
DOMESTIC OCCURRENCES.
April 6. The following estimates were
opened by the Nelson Testimonial Com-
mittee, for the erection of Mr. Railton's
column in Trafalgar-square, Messrs. Peto
and Grissell, the builders, being the
successful candidates : — Messrs. Peto,
17,860/.; Baker, 17,940/.; Jackston,
18,200/. ; Grundy, 19,700/. ; Hicks,
20,500/. ; Mallcott, 27,000/. The erec-
tion is to be of granite, and is to be finish,
ed in two years. The pillar is to 50 feet
higher than the Duke of York's column,
and the figure of Nelson will be without a
cloak.
April 23. The ceremony of laying the
first stone of a new gaol at Peterborough
was performed by Earl Fitzwilliam, aided
by Mr. Royce, sen. who presented his
Lordship with a handsome trowel, &c.
the property of the Peterborough Lodge
of Freemasons. The Lord Bishop offered
up an appropriate prayer, partly quoted
from our excellent liturgy, praying God
'* to bless and keep the magistrates, giv-
ing them grace to execute justice and to
maintain truth." On the foundation
stone was engraved the following inscrip.
tion : — *' This foundation stone of a prison
for the liberty or soke of Peterborough
was laid April 23, 1840, by the Right
Hon. Charies William Earl Fitzwilliam,
Custos Kotulorum, &c. ; architect, W. J.
Donthorn, Esq. ; contractors for the
building, J. Royce and Sons, and R.
Woolston."
Mav 3. A dreadfiil fire occurred at the
vitriol, saltpetre, and white-lead works pf
Messrs. firandram (brothers) and Co.,
situate in the Lower Peptford-rand,
Rotherhithe. The manufiustory is con-
sidered, for its extent and completeness,
one of the most important in the metro-
polis. It is entered by a lai^ meadow,
opposite Old Rotherbitbe workhouse,
and occupies a Isrge space of groimd*
about 260 feet in length, and 160 feet in
depth, surrounded by several reseryoirs of
water. The fire was first observed in the
colour manufiictory, a building 40 ^tet
square, which was speedily ooqaqmed.
The flames then attacked the coloar store-
house adjoining, and theAce continue
their progress to an extensive building in
the rear, 80 feet in length and nwily 40
in breadth, called the " wash** depart-
ment. In these premises, as well as tlie
colour manufactory, there was a grent
quantity of patentpresses and macblPffy
propelled bv a 200-horse-power aieiip
engine. While the firemen were scidhig
the roof of the whitekad numoAetoiy,
which occupies the w^t wiqg of the
works, a laive tank in the ** wash" do*
partment, holding several hundred tuqa of
oil, exploded ; adding to the fniy of ih/b
flames and the terrorof thQaeenj|ig9d,o|v|q|
1840.]
Domestic Oceurrencei.
643
to its being contiguous to the saltpetre
manufactory, (the eastern wing). At this
crisis Mr. Braidwood brought the prin-
cipal portion of the fire brigade to bear
upon the latter manufactory ; which was
in great danger, and one portion of the
roof on fire. The firemen ascended,
greatly to the astonishment of the by-
standers, and, after great difficulty, at the
risk of their lives, succeeded in saving it
from destruction. The conflagration con-
tinued for some hours after ; but was pre-
vented from communicating to any other
purt of the works.
A/ai/ !Jl. The annual general meeting
of the Incorporated Society for Building,
Knlar^ing, und Repairing (churches and
( hapels, took place in their board-room,
No. I, St. Martin's-place. The Arch-
bishop of Canterbury in the chair. The
number of grants during the past year has
been 149, being 28 more than the pre-
vious year, which, in itself, exceeded any
former year. Fifty-eight of this year's
grants were for new churches and cha-
p(>ls. The amount of money granted was
2l-/M>7/., being l,U(X)/. more than has ever
been granted in any previous year. The
numl)er of additional sittings gained is
.'}2,i)W\ of these 34,000 are free, being
also a great increase upon any former
year. Since its commencement, in 1818,
the Society has directly assisted in the
building 375 new churches and chapels,
nf enlarging 1,380 parish churches, and
thus ftrovidini? additional sittings to the
number of 4b7,53<>, of which 341,316 are
free ; and the whole amount of money
tfxpetided out of the society's funds is
"^Hl ,0 1 3/. The present state of their fund
is, up to 31 At Alarch last, received under
authority of the Queen's letter 30,()00/. ;
the balance in favour of the society being
7,Ni7/. Since then 10,000/. additional
have b«>en received from the same source ;
but the grants have more than proportion-
ably increased, and the balance now re-
maining at the disposal of the society
doe^ not exceed 3,000/.
On the occasion of the foundation
utone of a new chapel being laid in the
parish of Martorkt Somerset, a large num-
ber of the farmers and yeomen of the
neighbourhood voluntarily agreed to bring
all the stone necessary for the building
horn the celebrated quarries nt Ham -hill,
about tive miles distant. Their waggons,
tu the number of 70, were loaded early in
tlie morning, and went in regular proces-
sion to the ground, which they reached
hcfou! nine o'clo<*k ; the waggons and
tiauM were adorned with laurels and li-
lacs, and the whole of the inhubitants
seemed to welcome the procession, wiiich
extended half a mile in length. Though
the site of the chapel was remote from
any town» and the morning was at first
very unfavourable, the ceremony was at-
tended by at least 4000 or 5000 persons.
This is an example, in the true spirit of
catholic religion, which is well worthy of
imitation among the laity of the church.
Bristol Cathedral, which has been
closed for six weeks, was re-opened for
Divine service on Good Friday. In the
interval the restoration of the beautiful
stone altar-screen has been effected by
the erection of a central arch corresponii-
ing with those that were discovered two
or three years ago, and which had been
walled up. These arches are in the florid
pointed style of the fifteenth century, and
the divisions between them are occupied
by handsome niches. The arms and
shields have been divested of successive
coats of paint. The superbly ornamented
facade at the base of the east window,
over the altar, has also been cleared of ac-
cumulations of lime and plaster, and now
presents an interesting object. Two
handsome chairs, made from the oak seat-
ing which not long ago stood in the outer
choir, occuj)v the side recesses. In the
screens which divide the choir from the
aisles, plate glass has been substituted for
oak pannelling, thus materially aiding the
general effect. The wooden altar screen,
which had so long disfigured the church,
has not yet passed into the hands of the
Irvingites, by whom (though not directly
of the Chapter) it was purcnased for their
new chapel ; and it is said a law-suit baa
been commenced for its possession.
May 20. At a quarter before nine at
night the south-west tower of Vork 3iiHm
iter was found to be on fire, and in half
an hour after the flames had so far gained
ascendancy that all chance of saving it WM
rendered hopeless. The fire assumed an
awfully grand appearance, the successire
falling in of the burning rafters and of
portions of the roof, caused a continuous
shower of fire, which a bribk north-
easterlv wind carried to a great distance
over the city. The horror was greatly
heightened bv the falling, at intervals, of
the fine peal of bells. At near eleven
o'clock the tiro in the tower api>eared to
have almost exhausted itself, but between
eleven and twelve, the roof of the nave
begun to full in, and the flames now having
free vent shot up in vivid columns in the
air, whilst the painted windows, rich in
the symbols and recollections of the
*' olden time," displayed their bright and
vuri<'gfited transparencies, a melancholy
contrast to the dcKtruetion atound them.
Abcnit half- past twelve, the whole of the
roof having gone in, the flames gradually
subsided, and between one and two, thle
644
Promotions and Preferments,
[Jiine»
danger appeared to be surmounted.
Dreadful, however, has the destnu:tion
been, and the south-western tower, with
the uoble nave, now present a inuM of
ruin as afllieting to look upon as that
which the toreh of the incendiary Martin
inflicted u|H)n the noble choir. It may
be remarked that this is the very tower in
which Jonathan Martin made his tirst at-
tempt to destroy the Minster, on the night
of the 2d Feb. 1829.
One of the windows near the western
entrance was partially destroyed ; the great
western window was entirely preserved ;
and the others have sustained but trifling
injury. No damage has arisen to the
choir — nor indeed to the beautiful screen
or valuable organ, which at one time were
placed in much jeopardy. £Tery pillar in
the nave has been more or less injured.
The belfry presents the appearance of a
shell, the interior framework being com-
pletely destroyed. The fire is supposed
to have originated during the proceedings
of the workmen engaged in repairs of the
clock.
PROMOTIONS, PRE FERMENTS, &c.
Gazettk Promotions.
Marek 9. Denliii^hshire Militia, Koh. M.
Biddulph, CM], to lie Lieiit.-Col. Commandant,
with the rank uf Colonel.
March 24. .SanilN)nip 2^tucloy Palmer, uf
Timsbury-houH«>, near Hath, pstj. to take the
name of >Bmbomc after Palmer, and bear the
arms of Sambome.
April 1. Cornwall Militia, Capt. T. J. Phil-
lips to be Lieut. -Colonel.
April \. (ieonce Napier, esii. Advocate, to
be sheriir Depute of Peebles, vice John Wood,
esq. resifirned. — Herts Militia, Capt. Kdw.
Hampson to 1>e Major.
Aprils. Royal Artillor)-, brevet-Major P. W.
Walker to be Lieut. -Col.— Charles Henry Phil-
lips, esq. to be Surgeon to her Majesty*n House-
hold.
April 24. First or Grenadier Foot Guards,
Lieut, and Capt. G. M'Kinnon to be Captain
and LJeut.-Colonel.
April 25. Lieut. -Colonel the Hon. George
Ralph Abercromby to lie Lieutenant and .SiierifT
principal of the shire of Clackmannan.
Apnl 29. Royal Artillery, C:ol. Sir H. D.
Ross, K.C.B. to be l>eputy Adjutant-fjreneral.
— Sherwooti Rangers, Sir T. W. White, Bart,
to be Lieut. -Col. ; the Earl of Lincoln to be
Major.
ilav 1. 1st Drauroon Guards, Gen. the Hon.
Sir \V. Lumley, G.C.B. to be CoIonel.-€tli Dra-
goons, Lieut.-Gen. Sir J. Straton to be Colonel.
— 8th Lig^lit Dragoons, .Major-Gen. P. Philpot
to be Colonel. —1 1 th Lijf ht Dra^oon.s, Field Mar-
shal his Royal HijU^hness Francis Albert Au«
gustus Cliarles Kuianuol Duke of Saxe, Prince
of Saxe Cobourg and Gotha, KG. and G.C.B.
to be Colonel.
3//iy4. Royal Artillery, brevet Lieut.-Col.
A. Maclachlan to be Lit'ut.-Col.
May 6. Arthur White, esq. to be Si'cretary
of Trinidad.— John Turnbull, es(j. to be Consul
at Granville.
Map 8. 13th Lip:ht Dragoons, Major A. Wa-
then," from the 15th Light Dragoons, to be
Major, vice Hake, who exchanges.
May 9. James Ivory, esq. to bo onr of tlic
Lords of Session in Scotland.— Thomas Alait-
land, esq. Advocate, to be Solicitor-General
for Scotland.
May 11. John Kwart, of the Beeches, in
Slaugham, Sussex, eldest son of John Manship
Ewart, esq. son of Simon Goodman Ewart, of
Norden-uark, Surrey, esq. by Anne, daughter
of John Manship, ot' London, merchant, and a
Director of the Ka.st India Company, to take
the surname of Man.ship before Ewart.
^ay 13. Samuel Gale, esq. of Charlton-
King^s, ro. Glouc. esi]. Barrister-at-law, only
son of John Gale, est], by Susanna, dan. of
Charles Higgs, and sister of Samuel Higgs,
both of Charlton King's, esqs. deceaaedl, to
take the name of Higgs before Gale.
May 15. First or Grenadier Goards.C^.
^'1/
f-'s Advocate at Sierra Leone.
May 20. Capt. Sir Edmund Lyons, Knt. Mi-
nister Plenipotentiary at Athens, created a
Baronet of the United Kingdom.
May 21 . David Maclaugnlin, M.D. to accept
the insignia of the Lejpon of Honomr, con-
ferred by the King of the French in apnrotia-
ti(»n of liis conduct towards the wounded of
the French army after the battle of Salamanca
in 1812.
May 22. Major-Gen. Sir Edw. Bowater,
G.C.II. to be one of the Equerries of H.R.H.
Prince Albert.
Naval Paomotions.
To be Commander (retired) William Styles.—
C^ipt. J. Jones to the Curafioa.— Gapt. F. T.
Mitchell to the Magicienne.— Capt. R. Maan-
scll to the Rodney.
Members returned to serve in ParliamenL
Armagh.— J. D. Rawdon, esq.
Cambridge foiTH.—Sir A. C. Grant, Bart.
Elgin ami AViiVm.— C. L. Cummingf Iknce, eaq.
Fermanagh Co.— Sir A. B. Brooke, Bart.
LM(//oir.— Beriah Botfield, esq.
PJCCLKSIASTICAL PREFERMENTS.
Ven. W. T. P. Bn'mer, to be Canon of WeDa.
Rev. T. L. Iremonjfer, to be Prebendary of
Whenvell, Hants.
Rev. C. Atlay, Barrowden R. Rutlandahire.
Rev. H. de Foe Baker, North Witham R. Line.
Rev. T. S. Basnett, RoUeston V. Notts.
Rev. J. Bateman, Huddersfield V. York.
Rev. W. Belgrave, Preston R. Rutland.
Kev. I). B. lie van, Brede R. Sussex.
Rev. R. Blunt, Beltoa V. Leicestershire.
Rev. W. Burdett, North Alolton V. Devon.
Rev. T. Cane, Halloughton P.C. Leic.
Rev. J. Cottle, Taunton St. Mary Magdalen V.
Somerset.
Rev. J. C^x, Runcorn Ch. Cheshire.
Rev. S. Creswell, Radford V. Notts.
Rev. J. Downes, Stonnall P.C. Stalfordshire.
Rev. W. Edgecombe, ITiombury R. Devon.
Rev. P. Von Essen, Harriurton R. Camb.
Kev. A. T. Gillmor, (^Ory V. SUgo,
1840.]
Births and Marriages,
645
Rrv. (). Hollinjfwortli, Stalisfield V. Kent.
Rev. T. Hoopor, KIk.ston R. Glour.
Rev. li. P. Junes, Ilazleton cum Yanworth R.
(iloiK'.
R<'V. J. Lan^eld, Holme Whallcy, St. John's
PC. Lane.
Rev. W. P. Mellersh, Salperton P.C. GIouc.
Rt'v. R. Milner, Craven St. Michael-le-Gile
P.C. York.
Ri'v. J. Mitton, Osmotherley V. York.
Rev. F. L. Moysey, Combe St. Nicholas V. 8om.
R**v, T. S. Norj^ale, Si>arham R. Norf.
R<'\ . S. L. Ohlacres, Woodborough P.C. Notts.
Rev. C. R. Rojwr, St. Olavc R. Exeter.
Rev. — Ro|H»r, Mona^han R. Ireland.
Rev. W. St. G. Sargent, Hinckley New Church,
lA'ir.
Rev. F. Shei»hord, St. E<Iward'H P.C. Camb.
lU'v. R. Simpson, Ba.sfurd V. Notts.
Rev. C. K. Smitli, St. Mary, Brediii V. Canter-
Imry.
lUn. T. W. Smythc, Woolfardisworthy P.C.
Devon.
Rrv. W. J. Travis, Lidgate R. Suffolk.
R*\. J.Twrlls, Katon V. Notts.
R.'\. ('. J. Wade, Upi^r Gravenhurst P.C.
Ii«Mltonlshire.
R«v. J. R. Whyte, Kimrsnympton R. Devon.
Rrv. — \Voo(lio<"k, St. Ijiwrence R. Win-
ehi'Nter.
Rev. R. Wylde, Morton P C. Notts.
C II A PLAINS.
Yen. S. Wilbcrforee, to be Hampton I>erturer.
Rev. ('. Alexander, to the VmtI of Caledon.
R»v. T. M. Hrowne, to tlie Bishop of Glouces-
ter and Hristol.
Rev. R. Croly, to Partis' CoUejce, Bath.
Rev. J. N. Harwaril, to the Bishop of Roches-
trr.
Rfv. K. L.ibatt, to the Karl of Knniskillcu.
Rrv. II. J. Stevenson, to the Bishop of Sodor
and .Man.
(liviL Pkkflrmk.vts.
Rm hard .Moore, e^r|. Q. C. to Im* serjeant-at-
law III Irelan<l, in the nNim of Mr. Curry,
now Master in ('han«"orv.
Mr. (Jr.iy lo be Avsistant ke«'p«'r of the Natu*
I il lli«>tor> eollniionHnt the British Museum,
' n >' (liildmi.
Mr. Cliilti'inlen. to Im" Head .Master of the Kxe-
fir hnHT'^111 lii>nrd of F.dueation .S-h(H)|.
Rr\. F. <*o\, to 111' Hi'Ail Master of the Ayles-
lMir\ (irantmar .S-Iuh>I.
lUKTIIS.
.(/»;-// n. At Til'- Ray, near .Maidenhead,
Uiil> IMiillimore, a ptisthunmu'* dau. II. \t
Vi'\a\ I'll Sni-'M*, til*' « iff of John Pate Ne\ille,
<<M|. ot' Skelbrooki- Park, Doiienster, a Hon
and iM-ir. \C*. \\ Clie-^ham Plare, the wifi>
itt NNilliaiii Ru'^M'll, rsii A .s«ni. IH. \\ ital-
u;»i\M', \\\v Hon. Mrs. Freil. S. \Ve<hlerburn, a
son. -IJ>. '\'\\v wife of .\ithiir ('. Phipps, es<|.
a dan. -'H). \\ Staplcton Paik, the \\ire of
J. W. ILirton, es.|. a itan. — 21. At Dublin,
thf wife iif Li*>nt. -(%>!. H. II. Fanpiharson, a
•xiri. 'I'l. \\ .■ihabden Park, .Surrey, the lady
i>t ."^ir r. B. Hepburn, liart. M.P. a dan. —23.
At Bindon Hoiise, S»»ni. .Mrs. Krni'st IVrceval,
a -on.- — .\t (Jn»^%enor-plaee, the wife of John
Di-nniHtoun. *'Hi|. .M.P. a dan. 24. The wife
iif Henry .Sli»st>n, eiMi. a son. 'I'he wifi»
of K. B. Hartopp, i^|. of Dalby Hall. I^'ie. a
d.i I. -25- In OroHvenor-plaee, I^il> Lilford.
n -on. —26. In (in»s\«*nor-plare, the wife of
ChfirleH i )rby Wombwrll, es«|. a da«i.- - 27- \i
ivtMiirtli. the nifi» of .\rthur Daintry, •••"|. a
."••n and heir. 'Pi, M *Vshley P*rki Surrey,
Lady Fletcher, a dau. 30. At Westhorpe
House, Marlow, the wife of Rice R. Clayton,
es<i. a son. In Notting^ham-place, the Vis*
countess Hoo<l, a dau.
Lately. At Hazlewood, co. Sli;ro, Lady Anne
Wynne, of twin sons. At Baliyrawley, Irc^
land, the lady of Sir H. Stewart, Bart, a soi^
In Connaught-terrace, the Hon. Mrs. E.C»
Curzon, a dau. In Edinburfi^h, the lady of
Sir N. M. Lockhart, Bart, a dau. ^At Anker-
wycke House, Bucks, Mrs. Harcourt,a dau.
May 2. In Upper Seymour-st. the wife of
John Barneby, esq. M.P. a son and heir.
At Worcester, the wife of the Rev. Frank Hew-
son, B.A. and dau. of John Hardy, esq. of
Portland-pl. a dau. 7. The wife of Arch-
deacon HoUing^orth.a dau. At Upper Clap*
ton, the la»iy of the Rev. Sir W. Dunbar, liart.
a dau. H. Lady Robert Grosvenor, a daa.
MARRIAGES.
Fth. 13. At Ban«:alore, Donald Macfarlane,
esq. M.D., assistant-surgeon Madras Art. to
Christina-Isabella, .second dau. of the late Rev.
D. William.son, minister of Newburffh, Fife.
March 14. At Wiston, Upper CanacUi, the
Rev. C. Dade, M.A., Fellow of Caius coll.
Camb. to Helen, second dau. of the Rcv.Thos.
Phillips, D.D. late Vice- Principal of Upper
Canada college.
April ». At St. Mary's, Bryanston^sq. G. H.
Bell, esq. F.R.C.S. Edinb., to Caroline- Jane,
youngest dau. of J. Underwood, esq. of Gkra-
cester-place. At Harrow, the Rev. William
Oxenharo, jun. to Rachel-Charlotte, youngest
dau. of the late J. Gray, esq. or Wembley
Park. At Eastbourne, Richard Chamberi,
esq. M.D., of Upton-on-Sevem, to Cecilia,
sixth and youngest dan. of the late Alex. Bro-
die^ D.D.— -— Coas. Ellis, esq. eldest son of Edw.
Ellis, esq. of Harley-st. toGatharine, only dau.
of J. E. Conant, esq. of Upper Wimpole-st.— — >
At Leghorn, the Rev. J. W. \a Touche, Rector
of Montrath, Queen's Co. to Elisabeth, eldest
dau. of Alex. Bowker, esq. of King's Lynn,
Norf. -At Eastingtou, Glouc. theUlev. Henry
Hamilton, of Tboina.stown, co. kildare, to
Frances- Margaret; eldest dau. of the late Ralph
Peters, of Plat Bridge Hall, Lane. esq.
10. The Right Hon. Henry Labouchere,
M. P. to Frances, youngest dau. of Sir T.
Baring, Bart.
11. At Greenwich, Fred. George Hammond,
eaq. of Blackheath, to S<tphia Catty, of Stock*
bury Park, near .Sittingboume, widow of Capt .
Catt\, R. Kng. At .•^t. Paiicras, W. T. 8.
Daniel, of Lincoln's Inn, barrister-at-Law, to
Sarah, only dau. of the Utc Rev. A. W.lYt>l-
lope, D.D. Head Master of Clirist's Hospital.
— -At Watnall, Edward Heneage, esq. M.P.
to (;iiarlotte-Frances-Aiin, youngest dau. of
L. Rolleston, esq. M.P.
14. At St. (ieorge'.s, Hanover-sq. Henry,
youngest .non of the late (Seorge Grant, e.nq. of
Shenley Hill, Herts, to .\nne, .second dau. of
Roliert (!halmers, esq. of F.bury-ktreet.
18. At St. John's, \Vest minster, Robert Mar-
riott, esq. to Anna-Kleanor, youngest dau. of
the late Capt. Daniel Ross, H.N. .\t .«<t(»ke
Newington, Roln-rt William I..<'wi«, eM]. of
Breiitw(N>i|, to .Mary-Catharine, only dnu. of
th • late W. Cressy, rsq. of .<ti»rk, Essex.
2*). At Tor, De\on, the Rev. W. W. Wing-
fiehl,of Gulvai. Cornwall, to Eiixalieth-Francffl-
Anne, dau. of the late W. I'ortesrue, e.<«q. of
Writtle l/xlge, Fjtsex. .\t Stratlifleldsaye,
Kdwartl Lloyd Edwards, esii. only son of Jonn
Edwards, cs*|. of Dolserey, Merioneth.Hhire, to
Georifiana, eldest dan. of (J. E. Beamhamp,
^\*\. of the Priory, near Reading. .\t \Val«
(ot, Bath, .^lajor-deii. Sir W. I>avy, C.B. au'l
K.r.H., of Tiacy Paik,(ilou('. ti>.^>pliia, eldest
dau. of R. F. \\ilMm, cs*!. of Melton, Yorksli,
646
Marriagei.
Jmic,
ai. At St. MAry's, Bry»nston-Hq. Skefflnfr-
ton IlrUtuw, MUJ. Lieut. 2Ath rn^t. to Juliana,
oldeNt dau. uf the late Lt.-Uen. H. K. Knifht.
At the Manic church, lienrv, the elileit aon
of Oeonrc Shuni ritnn-y, cflq.oi I lam-common,
8nrn>y,an(l Arcnt, Nurthumberland, to Eioma,
eldest dau. of the late K. C. Cooper, cm|. of
llrifrhton, SuHxex. At AVardinf^ton, Oxon,
the Ker. Georfra Wini^eld, Rector of Glattoo,
Hantt, and younKcnt Ron of J. Winfcflekl, esq.
of Pickencotc, Kutbind, to Houhia-KUzabeth,
only dau. of the late Rev. U. Wasey, Rector of
Ulcombe, Kent. At rit. Ueorfce's, HanoTer-
aq. the Rcr. W. Marnta, D.l). Hector of
Ht. 'riiomaH'ii, Diriiiini^ham, to the Lady
Ixraisa Cadnin^n. ^Die Her. John T. White,
A.M., to Anna-Gri\es, youiifrvflt dau. of the
late Rev. W. Harrison, D.l). Chaplain of St.
8aTiour*B, Southwark. At Uackthorn, the
Rev. diarleH .M. U. JarviN, s(t*ond son of G.
R. P. Jarvis, exq. of iHMidinjnon ll&ll, Line,
to Auicuiita, second dau. of Robt. Cracroft, e^q.
of Hacktborn and Harrintrton. At Llaniren-
nerh, (!annarthcnnhire, John (iwyn JetTreyn,
«if SwanHca. enq. to Ann, eldest dau. of K. J.
Nrvill, of LlanipiMinech IHirk, ewi. At War-
den, North uuiherland, the Rev. W. RiceMark-
hsni, Virar of Morelnud, Westmoreland, to
Jane, youngest nurvivinir dau. of the late
Nathaniel Clayton, esMj. of Chewters. At
Ryton, Durlinui, Drwickr Dlackburn, esq.
Jrounfi^est son of I*. Ulackburn, esq. of CIai>-
lam-common, to iHabella-Afi^nefl. ^oun^cflt
dau. of H. I^mb, esq. At Trinity, near
Rdinburfch, Henry, tliinl son of (ieorsre Dun-
bar, esq. Professor of Greek in the Univ. of
Kdinburfch, to Anna-Jeanctta, dau. uf the late
John Murray, esq. W.S., A^nt for the Clinrch
of Scotbind. At Iticklinfr, Norfolk, the Hon.
and Rev. Alfretl Wodehouse, von nicest won of
liord Wo<lchou.se. to Kmnia-Ilamilton, second
dau. of Rei^inahl Macdonald, Chief of Clan-
roiiald. At Horkciley. Essex, the Rev. Ar-
thur Capel J. Wallace, M.A. late Vicar of Coe-
geshall, and now Curate of Hadlei{?h, In Suf-
folk, to Miss KIwes, dau. of the late Gen.
Elwes, of Stoke l)y Clare.
33. At St. Pancras, Arthur Burrows, of
lincoln'a-inn, younf^est son of Dr. Burrows, of
Upper Gower-st. to Prances-Diana, young;e8t
dau. of the late Major Bromley, Bombay army.
At All Souls, Lanffliam-place, Edm. L.
Wells, esq. of the Middle Temple, second son
of the late Dymoke Wells, esq. of Grebby
Hall. Line, to Mary-Ann, eldest dau. of John
Gallins, esq. ; late of Stapleton Castle, Heref.
^At Edinbuixlii Licut.-Col. M*Phcr.son, late
of 89th rei^. to >irs. Mary M'Culloch M'Bar-
net, widow of Alex. M'Bamet, esq. of Atta-
dale. At Helensburijrh, Dumbartonshire.
Alan Colquhoun Duulopj esq. to Anne, third
surviving dau. of the late James Hay. esq. and
the Lady Mary Hay. At Dawlish, R. A.
Buckling, esq. of Caius coll. eldest son of the
Rev. A. I. Suckling, of Barsham, Suffolk, to
Anna-Maria, dau. of John Yellowly, esq. M.D.
At Barham, in Suffolk, the Rev. John Free-
man, M.A. to Lucy-Cliarlotte^ only Hurviving
dau. of the late Robinson Kittoe, esq. R.N.
At Great Waltham, Essex, the Rev. Richard
Roundel] Toke, M.A. Rector of Hani.ston, to
Catharine, eldest dau. of J. J. Tuff^nell, esq. of
Lnngleys.
23. At St. Pancras New Church, Robert N.
Bancroft, es([. of Manchester, to Septima-
Elizabetli, dan. of the late Dr. Thornton, the
botanist. At St. Olave's, Hart-street, John
Hutchinson, os<|. of Sheriff-hill. Durham, to
Ann-Sarali, youngest dau. of the late Henry
Buckle, fsq. of Mecklenbnrgh Square. At
Chelmsford, Henry William Field, esq. of
Blackheath, son of John Field, of her Mt^jesty's
Mint, esq. to Aiyie, dau. of the late Ikv. T.
Mill!, Yicur of HeUoni Bmnpitetd^ ^At
Frodsham, Cheshire, H. B. Flawcett, of the
Inner Temple, esq. to Sarah-Barlow, aeoond
dau. of the Rev. John Collina. M Sooth
Stoneham, Hants, Captain Dtubener, f9th
regt. eldest son of Col. Daubeney, ILH. of
lUth, to Amelia, only child of the Ute SL D.
Liptrap, esq. of Southampton. ^At St.
Georire's, Bloomsbury, H. Orainnr* 6tq. of
F.ast-bill. Wandswortn-commonf to CutHine,
dau. of the late W. Flower, esq. of Upper Bed-
ford-pi. At St. John's, Faddlnn^ron, Wm.
Rawes, esq. M.D. to Henrietta, widow of the
late R. A. Cottle, esq. ^At TrinitT Chiuth,
Mar>'Iebone, Edwin Oower, esq.to Janc^Blea^
nor, dau. of Dr. H. Younf, of Devonahin-
nlare. At Ivy Bridge, Devon, G. T. Short-
land, esq. barrister-at-law, to Harriett, eeooad
dau. of the late Rev. Jamea CoUina, LUD.
Rector of Thorpe Abbots, Norfolk. ^At BiUa-
bury, the Rev. W. C. Radcliffe, Rector of Vont-
hill Gifford, to Mary-Anne, yonnmt dMk of
the late John Dowling, esq. ^AtRipoiif To-
rn yns Scott Dickins, eaq. barriater-at>Uw, to
Eliza, eldest surviving dau. oi W. Morton,
esij. ^At Guernsey, Henry St.-Geo. MmiU,
esq. late of the 4th dragoons, to Uturriat, otdy
dau. of the Very Rev. N. Cirey, Dam of
Guernsey' ^At Greenwich, the K&w. Hip-
pesley Maclean, of Coventry, to Gb^otte,
dau. of Richard Smith, esq. ^At Leminf-
ton, William Charles Evans Freke, esq. nephew
of Lord Carbery, to Lady Sophia, widow of
Sir T. whichcote, Bart, and sister of the Earl
of Harborough. At Florence, IheqpUhu
Clive, esq. to Frances-Caroline, second ma. of
Lieut.-Gen. Lord Edward Somerset, O.C.B.
25. At Kenw>'n, William Crooke, ma. R.N.
C()inmander^ of^ ^®''_^^^!7'f,P^*^^ ftftwlg
M.
toAnne,
second dau. of the lato George Fllnf, eiq.— ^
At Greenwich, Thomas cSUawmy, eeq. of
Southwark, to Mary Ann, second dan. of the
late J. Carttar, esq. ^At St. George's, Han.-
8(1. John Thomas, esq. of Mjuniaen-hoaee,
Essex, to Mary-Ann, ddeat dan. of J. H* Ilos-
ter, esq. late of Norwich.
26. At St. George's, Han.-aq. J. W. Duu-
comb, esq. son of the Hon. J. Danacontb^ of
St. John's, Newfoundland, to Caroline B.,
youngest dau. of Mi^or-Gen. Dnmftiidt ^ the
Royal Engineers.
28. At St. George's, Han«-8q. Folke Ore-
villc, esq. to Lady Rosa Nugent, dan. of the
Maniuis of Westmeath. ^Tbe llev. Thomaa
Hayes, of Heckfield, Hants, to LoniurHf^ie,
eldest dau. of the ReT. J. Hitchings, Vicar of
Wargrave, Berks. ^At Salisbury, Bernard
Senior, esq. of Compton Fauncefoot, Som. to
Jane, youngest dau. of W. B. Blackmoore, esq.
At Kensington, Wm. J. H. Money, eiq.
Bengal civil service, eldest son of wlgtam
Money, esq. to Elizabeth-Ma^|;aret-DonKlai^
only dau. of Wm. Moflkt, esq. of Hiraertoti,
Roxburghshire. The Rer. C. M. Tnmer»
Rector of Studland, Dorset, to Henrietta, dan.
of the late Robert Lang. esq. of Moor-nailc.
Surrey. At Walcot, Bath. Geom. eldest
son of W. G. Harrison, esq. of Umier Bedlbrd-
£1. to Seymour- Louisa, yoimgeat dan. of C.
[ammond, esq.
30. At St. George's, Bloomabory, WDttim
Brown, esq. of Clapham Common (only iob of
Mr. Alderman Brown), to Mary neahUflU,
youngest dan. of Mr. F. B. King, late cf Stoke
Newington. At Beaminster, Jolm DiOotti
esq. 3^ regt. to Fanny,only dan. of T. Fin, eaq.
At Camberwell, Charles Arthur, ddeet eOn
of Charles Dodd, esq. to Agnes, third dan. of
the late Wm. Christie, esq. of Suiibiii|li«
647
OBITUARY.
Thi Earl of Staib.
yfarch 20. At his hotel in the Rue
de Clicby, Paris, aged 55, the Right
Hon. John William Henry Dalrymple,
seventh Earl of Stair, Viscount Dalrym-
ple, Lord Newliston, Glenluce, and
Stranraer (1703), eighth Viscount of
Stair, Lord Glenluce and Stranraer
(1690), and a Baronet of Nova Scotia
(IGfri).
This nobleman was born on the I6th
Nov. 1784, the only child of William
Dalrymple, esq. brother of the 5tb Earl, by
Marianne-Dorotbv .second daughter of Sir
Robert Harland, bart. He had a Cornet's
commission in the 5th Dragoon Guards in
IbOl^ but we are not aware to what
rank he rose in the army. He succeeded
to the peerage on the 1st June, 1821 , on
the death of his cousin -german, John the
sixth Earl.
His Lordship married, May 88, 180i,
Johanna, eldest daughter of Charles
Gordon, esq. of Clunie, by whom he had
no issue, and the marriage was annulled
in June 1820. For the last eleven years
his lordship had been confined to his bed,
speechless and almost unconscious.
The peerage has now devolved on Lieut.-
(ienorai Sir John Hamilton Dalrymple,
of Cousland and Fala, Bart. Colonel
of the 92d Foot, he being the great,
grandson of the Hon. Sir James Dal.
ryinple, of Borthwick, second son of the
tirnt Vificouni. His Lordship has been
twicx' married, his present Countess being
a itister of the Eairl of Camperdown; but
he has no i^sue. The neit heir ure-
suniptive is his only surviving brother,
North Dulrymple, ot CleUnd and Fordel,
evq. who has two sons.
Sir C. W. Burdett, Babt.
D«c. . At Columbo, in Ceylon, in his
69th year. Sir Charles Wyndham Burdett,
the tifth bdronet, of Acomb, ro. York
(l(i(ij) ; formerly a Lieut.- Colonel in the
army, and C. B.
He was born the l9tb July, 1771, the
eldest son of Sir Charles the fourth Ba-
ronet, by Sarah, daughter of Joseph
llttlsey, esq. of Boston in New England.
HIn baptismal names were derived from
his great-grandfather, Charles Wyndham,
ttq. of Stokesbv, Norfolk, whose daughter
and heiress Elisabeth was the wife of Sir
Francis Burdett the second Baronet, of
Acomb. He succeeded to the title on
the death of his father, the 19th July
1803.
He was appointed Ensign in the 6th
Foot 1790, Lieutenant 1794, Captain
in the 13th Foot Feb. 1795; in the 37tb,
Oct. following; in the 30th 1803; bre-
vet Major 1808; Major 5th Foot 1810;
brevet and Lieut..Colonel 1814. After
serving in Nova Scotia, New Bruns-
wick, Barbadoes, and St. Vincent's, he
embarked in 1794 with the expedition
under Sir C. Grey, and was present at the
captureof Martinique and St. Lucia. He
served in Gibraltar from 1796 to 1797 1
and from Aug. 1798 to March 1800;
when he again embarked for the West
Indies, and served at St. Vincent's. Of
his subsequent career we are not informed.
Sir Charles Burdett was unmarried;
and the title has devolved on his nepbewi
now Sir Charles Wentworth Burdett, son
of the late Capt. Jerome Burdett
Sir F. G. Coopie, Bart.
Jan- 23. At Barton Grange, SomerseU
shire, aged 71, Sir Frederick Grey Cooper,
the sixth Baronet, of Gogar, N. B. (1638).
He was the younger son of the Rigot
Hon. Sir Grey Cooper, a Lord of the
Treasury, (whose first wife was an aunt
of Earl Grey,) by his second wife, Miss
Kennedy, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
He succeeded to the Baronetcy on the
14th Jan. 1836, on the death of his ne-
phew Sir William Henry Cooper, Bart.
(see our vol. V. p. 314).
He married in 1805Charlotte-Dorotbet,
eldest daughter of Sir John Honywood, the
fourth Baronet, of Evingtoii, ICent, by the
Hon. Frances Courtenay, daughter of
William second Viscount Courtenay ; she
died in July 1811. He is succeeded In
the title by his son, now Sir Frederick
Cooper.
Gen. the Hon. Lincoln STANHon.
Fib. 20. At Harrington house, Privy
Gardens, aged 58, the Hon. Lino^
Edwin Robert Stanhope, a Major-Ge*
neral in the army, and C.B. ; brother to
the Earl of Harrington, the Duchesses of
Bedford and Leinster, &c.
Colonel Lincoln Stanhope was bom on
the 26th Nov. 1781, the second son of
Charles the late and third Earl of Har-
rington, by Jane- Seymour, daughter and
coheiress of Sir John I'lening, Bart. He
entered the armjr on the S?6tb of April,
1708, as Comet in the lOtb Light I>m.
?oons ; was appointed Lieutenant on the
th Feb. 1800 ; Ceptain, the 25th Oct
G-lf)
OniTiARY, — Licut.'Crn. Sir W. Thornton, K.C.B. [June,
It-O^; Miijor. the 1 1th Jiino I HOT ; Kiriit.-
roloiK'l in thi* I7ih Li^'ht Dragoons, the
^nd Jhii. iHl'^: rctirt'd to huU-imy, iiiiiit-
tachrd, on the iHth Oct. lH:JG ; promoted
to Coloiu'l, by brevet, the *4^2nd July
1830; Hnd ^lajor-fteniTal, the 28th June
IKiH. lie served in the iN'riinsuhir war,
and was proseiit, comuiundin^r hb Major
Kith IJght Dragoons, at the l>attie of
Talavera, fur whieh he reeeived a medal.
He \vu8 subiiequi ntly in India, and there
served as A id -de- cam ]> to the Marquess
of Ilafitings.
His retirement from the active duties
of his profeshion in l^Jti threw him into
all the gay frivolities of a London life;
and aK, from that period, his singularly
noble figure might have been almost daily
seen in the different places of fashionable
resort, the many, who knew no better,
might natunilly enough confound his
character with those pursuits. Few,
perhaps, knew that in the aristocratic-
looking lounger, Lincoln Stanhope, they
beheld a soldier of AVellington, and one
who had purchased repose for the latter
years of his life in the enjoyment of those
amusements, at the price of his blood, and
of nearly 'X) years of active and brilliant
service, at a time when his country most
needed them — that in pacing along on his
well-known gallant grey, or driving his
four-in-hand, they beheld the leader of
one of our most distinguished regiments
of dragoons on the bloody field of Tala-
vera — that he also was the man who com-
manded the 17 th Light Diagoons for
many years on the burning sands of India,
where he made himself respected alike by
friends and foes, became the father of the
Bombay Native Cavalry, and the adored
of all who served under him. Nor could it
be generally known that he was no less dis-
tinguished for bis private worth than for
bis merits as a soldier : for few have
passed through such a long career of
fashionable life with a mind so little
tainted with the vices of his order as did
Lincoln Stanhope, or whose conduct has
been so blameless. His naturally sound
and vigorous constitution and abstemious
habits gave him as likely a chance of living
twenty years longer as any man ; but it was
otherwise ordained, and he is now num-
bered with his fathers.
JVIajor- General Lincoln Stanhope was
unmarried. His body was taken for inter-
ment to the family vault at Elvaston,
Derbyshire.
Lie.ut.-Gen. SirAV. Thornton, K.C.B.
April G. At Stanhope Lodge, near
Han well, Lieut. -General Sir William
Thornton, K.C.B. Colonel of the 85th
Foot.
11
This officer received his connnisaioii as
Ensign in the 89th Foot the Slat March
1790. He was employed on regimental
duty in Ireland during the time of his
having this rank. In April, 1707, be ob-
tained u Lieutenancy in the 46th Foot ;
and the 25th of June 1803, a Company
in the same corps. He was appointed to
the Staff early in 1803, as Aid-de-Camp
to Lieut .-General, Sir James Heniy
Craig, Inspector-general of InliBiitry,
afterwards in command of the JSastern
District in England. In 1805, continu-
ing to hold the same appointment, he
accompanied that General to the king-
dom of Naples with a British force In
co-operation with a body of Rustian
troops, having the final view of forming
a junction with the Austrian wnaj, at
that time serving under the Archduke
Charles of Austria, in Italy. The mi]i.
tary occurrences which then took plam
having rendered this object ineffectua],
Capt. Thornton retunied to England in
1806 with the General, after visiangtbe
Islands in the Mediterranean. When
the state of Sir James Craig's health
occasioned his declining to continue on
the staff, this officer was appointed Aid-
de-Camp to Lieut.- Gen. ffarl Iiudlow,
commanding the Kent district; and
served in that capacity to the period of
his promotion to a Majority in tne Royal
York Rangers, viz. in Nov. 1806. He
served in this rank in Guernsey, in com-
mand of his regiment i and in Aug. 1807,
being appointed Military Secretaijand
first Aid-de-Camp to Gen. Sir James
Henry Craig, Governor in Chief and
Captain- Gen. in Canada and its depen-
dencies, he embarked and proceeded to
that country. The 28th of Jan. 1806^ he
was appointed Lieut. -Colonel and In-
specting l-leld Officer of the Militia in
Canada, and he served in that capacity
and in those above mentioned to the
period of Sir James Craig's return to
England in 1811.
Ill Aug. 1811 he was appointed Lieut..
Colonel of the 34th regiment, and in 1818
removed to the Duke of York's Greekliglit
infantry, being then nominated Assistant
Military Secretary to U.R.H. the Com-
mander-in-Chief. He continued in this
office to Jan. 1813, when he waa nomi-
nated to the command of the 85th Light
Infantry, upon the adoption of the meamre
which was at the time found expedient^ of
changing the entire corps of officeraof that
regiment ; and, in Julysucccodtift Ke em-
barked and proceeded to the PeninsokJ
On the latter service he was present at the
successful assault on the town of St.
Sebastian in Spain (where, howmir» the
85th regiment was solely empk^ in'
1840.] Obituary Limf.-Gen. Sir U\ Thornton, K.CB.
619
thirateninp an nttark on the north side of
thi' castle,) in tlie pnssnge of the rivers
Hidassoa, Nivelle, Nive, and Adour,
commanding the 85th Light Infantry on
these occasion.s and in all the attacks
<'onsequent thereon, in which the left
column of the Duke of Wellington's
army was employed, including the invest-
ment of Bayonne. He bad the honour to
receive a medal for the battle of the Nive.
In May IBU he embarked with his regi-
ment at Bourdenux, and sailed with the
expedition under Major- Gen. Ross for
America. He commanded the light
brigade and ad%-ance of this expedition in
the first operations in the ('nesapcake,
and at the battle of Bladensburg, which
le<l to the capture of Washington. In
consequence of a severe wound received
on that occasion, he U'as left a prisoner
in the hands of the Americans ; but, being
released in exchimge for ('ommodore
Barney, of the navy of the Tnited States,
he proceeded, in October followmg, with
the army destined against New Orleans,
lie commanded the advance of the army
f>n the landing of the first part of the
tr(Mj)>s on this expedition, and in the
severe, but successful, (*onflict which
aftcrwHrds took place when attacked by
the United States army. He was en.
giifTod in all the subsequent affairs which
touk place on that service until the gene-
nil attack on the enemy's lines on the
Htli of Jan. IHl.*, when the command of
a detached corps on the right bank of the
river Mississippi, with a co-0{>eniting
flotilla of the navy, was placed under his
direction and command, lie was severely
wounded on this occasion, and it was
(lee III ed nece^-s.iry for his recovery to send
liim home, and he arrived in England in
.March following:. He re<'eived the
brevet of a (.'olonel in the army the 4th
of June, LSil; the Is^th of August 181f),
he wa>< appointed Deputy Adjutant-den.
in Ireland; he Attained the nuik of Major-
(teneral in 18*23, that of Lieut. -(leneral
in IK'JH ; was ap)>ointed to the Colonelcy
of the !Wth Foot in iH-'l.., and to that of
the K")th Foot on the death of Sir ller-
hi'Ti Taylor in lK'«r
Sir William Thornton had for the la^t
three or four yean resided in a villa at
t\u' retired village of (treenford, called
Stanhope Ji^Mlge, and lor some time he
had ocea«ioiiiilly exhibited lingular ecceii-
tricitirs of cliaru<ter. Amon^*«t other
delusions was a taiuy that he liud been
aeeuM'd of smuggling, and that informa-
tions had lM>en laid against him l>efore
the lM*nch of local maicistrates, who had
i'l'tued wnrranta for liis apprehension.
That, however, gradually wore off, and
UhVT. Mag. Vol. XIll.
was succeeded by an idea that he had a
number of foi^ged Bank of England notes
in his possession, and whenever any per-
son paid him money in notes be declared
they were forged ones. On the day b«l
fore his death (Sunday), being unable to
find a receipt for some plate, of the value
of about 1000/. which he had deposited
in the hands of his bankers in London,
he hastened up to town in the fear that
it had been surreptitiously removed ;
but on his arrival at his bankers*, being
positively assured that his property wia
quite safe, he returned to Greenford,
appeared more quiet, and declared he
would no more take such foolish fandea
into his head. He retired to rest at hia
usual hour, and nothinff was heard of
him during the night ; nut about seven
o'clock the next morning a report of fire-
arms proceeded from his bedroom, and
on its ueing entered it was found that he
had destroyed himself.
At the depot of the 85th the following
order was issued : — *' It is with the
deepest regret the commanding officer haa
to announce to the officers and men of
the depot the death of their Colonel,
Lieut.. General Sir William Thornton.
This gallant and distinguished officer
commanded the regiment in the army
under the Duke of Wellington, and sub-
sequently in the campaigns of 1814 and
1815, on the continent of America; and
it i4 to his unremitted seal and noble
example the regiment is principally in-
debted for that high character which It
has ever since maintained. The officere.
as a mark of respect to their lamentea
chief, will wear crape on the left arm
during this month." No officer was ever
more successful in securing the love and
respect of his comrades in arms than Sir
Wm. Thoniton. His body was interred
on the (kh Ann\ in the churchyard of
Greenford. The first mourning coach
contained Major Thornton the brother of
the deceased, Colonel Dowall and Mr.
Todd, also relatives, Sir Duncan M*Dou-
gall, and the Hev. J. H. Dakins ; the
second containing Sir William de Bathe,
Colonel Woo<l, Colonel Browne, Miyor
DeHlion,and the Ilev. G. M. Glei|f; the
third. Sir John M*l>onald (Adjutant-
general), Sir Arthur Brooke, Col. John- ,
son. Capt. Wall, and Capt. Belstead ;
the fjiurth, Major Cam|>bell, Dr. Holmea,
and Messrs. Brown and (rillespie; and
a filth, the Rev. Dr. Walmesley (Rector
of Hanwell), Mr. IJaillic (magistrate of
ilanwcll), and Messrs. Ilaffenden and
(Jibbs. They were followed by a long
line ot carriages.
Sir William Thornton was unmarried.
40
650
Obituary.— Affl/or-GcM. Sir A, Dickson, G,C.B. (June,
Major. Gen. Sir A. Dickson, G.C.B.
Aftril 22. In (/harles- street, Berkeley-
square, in his G2d year, Major- Genenil
Sir Alexander Dickson, G.C.B. K.T.S.
and K.C.H. Director-general and Deputy
Adjutant-general of Royal Artillery.
He was appointed Second Lieutenant in
that corps the 6th Nov. 1794'; First Lieut.
7lh Oct. 1 793 ; Capt.-Lieutenant, 1 4th Oct.
1801 ; Second Captain, 19th July 1804>;
and Captain 10th April 1805. He served
at the capture of Minorca in 1798 ; the
blockade of Malta and surrender of La
Valetta, 1800; the siege and capture of
Monte V^ideo, and attack on Buenos
Ayres, 1807. He served throughout the
campaigns of the Peninsula, France, and
Flanders, including, in 1809, the affair
at Grigo, the capture of Oporto, and ex-
pulsion of Marshal Soult from Portugal ;
in 1810, the battle of Busacoand lines of
Lisbon; in 1811 the affair at Caropo
Mayor, the siege and capture of 01iven9a ;
the first and second siege of Badajoz ; the
attack and capture of the forts at Alma-
rez ; the siege and capture of the forts
and battle of Salamanca; the capture of
the Retiro, Madrid, and siege of Burgos ;
in 1813 the battle of Vittoria, siege and
passage of the A dour, and battle of Tou-
louse. He received for these events a
cross and six clasps. The officers of the
Field Train department, who served
under his command in the Peninsula,
presented him with a splendid piece
of plate ; and he likewise received a mag-
nificent sword from the officers of the
artillery who served under him in the
campaigns of 1813 and 1814. He next
served in the unfortunate expedition
against New Orleans ; subsequently in
P landers, and was present at the battle
of Waterloo. He also commanded the
battering train in aid of the Prussian
army in the sieges of Mauberg, Landre-
cies, Philippeville, Marienberg, and Ro-
croy. He became a Major- General in
June 1837.
The following is a passage from one of
the Duke of Wellington's despatches,
dated Gallegcs, the 20ih Jan. 1812 :—
" Major Dickson, of the royal artillery,
attached to the Portuguese artillery, has,
for some time, had the direction of the
heavy train attached to this army, and has
^ conducted the intricate details of the late
operation, as he did those of the late
sieges of Badajoz in the last summer,
much to my satisfaction. The rapid exe-
cution produced by the well-directed fire
kept up from our batteries, affords the
best proof of the merits of the officers and
men of the royal artillery, and of the
Portuguese artillery employed on this
occasion."
The following general orders have been
issued by the Master -general of the Oni-
nance : — " General Order, AV^oolwich,
April 23, 1840. — It is with sincere and
heartfelt grief that the Master-general has
to announce to the ordnance corps, and
to the department generally, the death of
Major- General Sir Alexander Dickson,
G.C.B. Deputy- Adjutant-general and
Director-general of the Royal Artillery.
Indefatigable in the discharge of bis duty,
able as he was zealous, anxious to reward
merit in others, and considerate to\%'ards
all, this most distinguished officer has
closed a career of uninterrupted service,
during 46 years ; the earlier part of which
was passed in combating the enemies of
his country wherever its armies were most
actively engaged, and the latter in the cul-
tivation of professional science, and pro-
rooting the interest of his corps and the
service. In Sir Alexander Dickson the
officers of the artillery have lost a brother
— the men, a father and a friend — the
regiment one of its brightest ornaments—
and her Majesty one of her best and
bravest soldiers. The Master-general
feels confident that every individual be-
longing to the ordnance corns, and to the
department generally, at Woolwich, will
join with him in paying the last mark of
respect by accompanpng to the grave the
remains of this most excellent and admir-
able man." The funeral took place at
Plumstead church, on Tuesday toe 28th
April. Precisely at eleven the troops aj-
sembled on the parade in front of the gar-
rison ; the whole appeared in review order,
the officers weiiring crape round the left
arm above the elbow and at the hilt of
their swords. At 10 minutes to 12 the
hearse and mourning coaches arrived at
the south-eastern gate, and proceeded at
a slow pace to the end of the parade, and
when the body had been placed on the car,
the troops, already fallen into line, saluted
the corpse, after which they broke into
open column, and the procession moved
on with reversed arms towards the place
of interment. On the cortege turning the
comer of the barracks, towards the hos-
pital, the sight was truly magnificent,
there being upwards of 2,000 soldiers, and
not less than 10,000 persons congregated.
When the procession had passed the Ar-
senal the minute guns ceased.
The procession moved in the subjoined
order : —
Superintendent of Police.
Three Inspectors.
A squadron of the Royal Horse Artillery.
Battalion of the Royal Marines.
Battalion of th« 29tb Regiment.
Band of the 29th, with drums muffled
and instruments trimmed with crape.
1 840.] Obituary.— Gewera/ Durham.'^General WiMnson*
651
Royal Sappers and Miners.
Buglers of Royal Sappers and Miners.
Gentlennen Cadets.
Eleven six-pound Field Batteries.
Royal Artillery Band, drums muffled, &c.
Chaplains — the Rev. M. Robert Scott,
and Rev. George B. Tuson.
Medical Attendants,
Mutes and Feathers.
The Car, drawn by eight horses, each at-
tended by a man of the Royal Horse
Artillery ; being the waggon of a six-
pounder covered with the British colours,
on which was placed the coffin, covered
with a black velvet pall ; on the top of the
cofhn was the cap and feathers, sword and
Hush, and the different orders of knight*
hood which the gallant deceased received ;
the pall -bearers walking on each side.
Groom. Charger. Groom.
Three Mourning Coaches, drawn by four
horses,
each horse being led by an Artillery-man,
containing the Mourners.
Gentlemen of the Public Departments
four abreast.
Military Officers.
Officers of the Royal Navy.
Ordnance Medical Department.
General Staff.
The Commandant Lord Bloomfield.
The Master- General Sir R. H. Vivian,
and the Members of the Board.
Rear (luard of Royal Ilorsc Artillery.
The l*rivate Carriages of the Friends
of the deceased General.
On the arrival of the royal horse ar-
tillery at iMumstead church, about two
nnles from the garrison, they halted, and
turned otf to the right and left. Thci?9th
iet;i(nent formed in line along the road,
and the battalion of the royal artillery
lined both sides of the lane leading down
to the church, to which the gentlemen
cadets passed at once. On the arrival of
the car at the church gate, the coffin was
leeeived by Sir J. Webb, Col. Conolly,
Col. (.'(M-kburn, Col. Harding, Co\. I'at-
tison and Col. Parker, the pall-bearers,
and the curate, the Rev. Mr. Kimber.
The band of the royal artillery was
^rationed in the church, and those of the
.".Kli regiment, royul marines, and royal
sap])erK and miners, who had alternately
relieved each other in playing the Dead
Mareli in Saul along the whole line of the
proees««ion, were stationed outside. The
iixii il prayers were delivered by the Rev.
Matthew Robert Scott, w!i« ii the mourn-
ers proccede<l to the vault in the church-
yard, whieh had been surrounded by the
•^tatf-sergeants and nou-eoinuiissioiied
officer'^. At the termination ol the ser-
vice the whole of the infantry tiied three
rounds siinultatieuublyi the btuids and
trumpets sounding between each dis-
charge. The field batteries then rendered
their last tribute, by giving the usual
compliment of guns for a Major- General,
namely 1 1 ; the whole concluding with a
flourish of trumpets, and the bands playing
the national anthem.
General Durham.
Feb. 6. Aged 86, General James
Durham of Lai'go, co. Fife.
General Durham was bom the 14th
Jan. 1751*, the eldest son and heir of James
Durham, esq. of Largo, by Anne, daughter
of Thomas Calderwood, esq. of Pobton,
the son and heir of Sir William Calder-
wood, one of the senators of the College
of Justice, by Margaret his wife, daughter
of Sir James Stewart, of Goodtrees,
Bart.
This veteran officer had been in the
service no less than seventy years, having
entered the army as a cornet in the 2d
dragoon guards the 22d June 1769. He
was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant
in March 1775, and to that of Captain
in March 1779. In 1783 he was placed
on the half-pay of the 82d foot, and re-
mained so until 1793, when he was ap-
pointed Lieutenant in the 94th. Whilst
on half.pay he served as Aid-de-camp to
the Marquess Townsbend. On the 1st
of Sept. 1794, he received the brevet of
Major; and, hanng raised the Fifeshire
Fencibles, he was appointed Lieut.- Co-
lonel of that corps, the 23d Oct. 1794.
In April 18(X) he was again placed on
half-pay; the 1st Jan. 1801 was made Co-
lonel, by brevet ; in Jan. 1803 Colonel of
the 6th garrison battalion, and reduced in
Feb. I80j. From March 18M to Dec.
1808 he served as Brigiidier and Major-
Creneral in Ireland. The 25th April
1808 he received the rank of Major- Ge-
neral ; and in December was placed on
the staff in Scotland. He attained the
rank of Lieut.- General in 1813, and that
of General in la**).
General Durham was twice married ;
first in 1779 to Elizabeth, daughter of
Colonel Shelden, of Fletwick, co. Bed-
ford ; and secondly, in 1827, to Margaret,
eldest daughter of Colonel John Anstru-
ther, of Charlton, CO. Fife: but had no
issue, lie has been succeeded in his es-
tates by his next surviving brother,
Williim Durham, esq.
General Sir W. Wilkinso.v.
March IH. At Durham, aged 85,
Sir William Wilkinson, a General in
the army.
lie was Hpjiointed Knsign in the .')Oth
foot the Sth Fib. 177.'), ijieutenant the
luih April 1775, and Optain the 17th
Obituaby.— *ra;)^. Sir Jckn PhilUmores RJI, [Jiine«
In the Belette, Lieut. Phillamere per-
formed many important servioei» •oquir-
ingthe reputation of a very active officer.
Being attached to Lord Gambler's fleet
ill his attack on Copenhaffen iu 1807, )m
distinguished himself by his zeal apd in-
telligence, and on one occaaion gallantly
repulsed an attack of Danish gun-boats
in a calm, sinking three of the enemy's
vessels.
On the ISth Oct. 1807 he obtained
post rank, and remained on half-pay untU
June, 1809, when he w^s appoint^ to
command the JV|arlborough 74i» during
the temporary absence of her Cf ptiin.
In that snip he proceeded on the expeiiT.
cion to the Scheldt, and was actively em-
ployed in detached service in coiyiinc*^
tion with the troops, until supersedi^ b^
Capt. Moore in tpe fall of the yew* His
next appointment was to the Diadem
store-sin p, in June 1810 ; and on the 4th
May, 1813, he was appointed to th9 £u-
rotas, a new frigate, m which h^ was pre-
sent at the capture of the Dutch firigvte
La Trave, on the 23rd Oct. following ;
and on the 25th Feb. 18 U, he fell in
with the French ftigate Glorinde, when
a desperate action ensued, in which Capt.
Phillimore was severely wounded, and
the Eurotas being totfiUy dismasted,
while the Clorinde had her fofepifkit
standing, the enemy's ship succeeded in
getting out of gun-shot. No time was
lust in repairing damages, and b^^^
noon on the following daV) the Eurotas
was completely riggea under jury-qn^ts,
and in chase of the Clorinde at the litB
of seven miles an hour, to renew the De«
tion ; when the Dryad and another ve<^
sel made their appearance, and the French
frigate surrendered without further fip,
sistance. In this action, the Eurotas bM
20 men killed, and 40 wounded, wbUit
the loss on board the French frigate WM
twice as great.
On the 4th June, 1815, Capt. PhiUit
more was nominated a C.B., and ^^
mained unemployed until 1820, when be
was appointed to the Willivn and Jiiuy
yacht, and knighted by the Lord Lieute-
nant of Ireland, while in attendance upon
his Excellency, on the l^th X>ec, 1881.
In 1823 he carried out the Commif-
sioners appointed to inq^uire into the po-
litical state of Mexico, in Uie Thetis (H^
gate ; and in the following year returned
to Plymouth with a very rich Arcdgbt ^
specie and cochineal. In May, lfflt4^ be
proceeded in the same ship to th^ coiat
of Africa, and arrived at Gup^ Coas(
Castle, with suuplies at a very critica)
moment, the Ashanteos being then en-
camped in vast numbers round the town^
Having landed a pprtioq pf I^jji vtpff^ ^
652
Nov. 17A0. Uc served one campaif^n in
South Carolina, ut the latter end of the
American war ; and ut die commencement
of the French revolution, he served in
the Mediterranean as a Murine Oflicer,
and acted as Town Mi^or at Toulon.
On the '27th May, I7f)5, he was appointed
Major in the .'30th Foot; and Lieut.- Col.
the 1st Sept. folluwin>r. He served also
in Corsica, in Ireland (during the re-
bcllion), in Malta, in EKy|)t,ana in India.
He was made Colonel by brevet 1803,
Maior-General IKIO, Lieut- General 1814,
and General IK'H.
Sir W. Wilkinson was very deaf, and
had fur a long period led a secluded life,
never mixing in society, and taking such
exercise as his health required invariably
alone. His manner was strongly marked
by eccentricity, but no part of his conduct
had ever excited suspicion of insanity.
A coroner's inquest >vas held on his
body, when it appeared that he shot him-
self with a pistol, lie is understood to
have died very rich.
Capt. Sir John Phillimore, R.N.
March 21. At the Ray, near Maiden-
head, Sir John Phillimore, Knt. and C.B.
a Post Captain R.N. and a Naval Aid-
de-camp to her Majesty.
Sir John Phillimore was a son of the
Rev. Joseph Phillimore, Rector of Or-
ton on the Hill, Leicestershire; and a
brother of Joseph Phillimore, LL.D.
Commissioner of the Board of Control
for the affairs of India.
He commenced his naval career under
the auspices of Vice- Admiral Sir George
Murray, in 1795, with whom he served
successively in the Nymphe frigate, the
Colossus, Achille, and Edgar, 74>s. In
the Edgar he was present at the victory
fained by Sir John Jervis, 14th Feb.
797 ; and the Edgar led the van of Lord
Nelson's division in the attack on the
Danish fleet, April 2, 1801, on which
glorious occasion she suffered severely,
having 31 men killed and 111 wounded.
The first Lieutenant of that ship hav-
ing fallen in the action, Mr. Phillimore
succeeded to the vacancy, and continued
to serve under Capt. Murray in the
Baltic, until the peace of Amiens, after
which he became First Lieutenant of the
Gannet sloop-of-war for a short time,
and was promoted to the rank of Com-
mander, 10th May, 1804. In the follow-
ing year he was appointed to the Cormo-
rant on the North Sea station, and in
1806 removed to the Belette brig of 18
guns, under the orders of Commodore
Owen, when that ofHcer made an attack
on the Boulogne flotilla, in order to try
the effects of Congreve rockets.
1840.]
Obitcary.— W^ittiaw $, Poyntz, Esq.
G53
held the savages in check, and made such
ndiuirable arrangements, that in the ge-
neral attack of the llth July, they were
defeated with great loss, and their army
dispersed. The Thetis returned to Eng-
Uiid at the close of the year, and was
Mib*iequently employed in conveying some
diplomatic pci'sonages to Naples, Con.
stantiiiople, and South America. In Nov.
IH26, she was paid off at Plymouth, from
whicli period lie had retired from active
service.
Sir John Phillimore was appointed one
of the Navul Aides-de-camp to King
William the Fourth in Sept. 1831, and
retained that appointment to her present
Majesty.
He married, Feb. 17, 1830. Katharine
Harriet, daughter of Capt. Raigersfeld,
U.N. by whom he has left a numerous
youn^' family, to which an addition has
been made Mince his death by the birth of
a i)osthumous child.
W. S. I*oY.NTZ, Esq.
April 8. At his house in Hampton
Court, aged 71 years, William Stephen
Poyntz, e>(|. of Cowdray Park, Sussex,
and of Midgham House, Berks, a Deputy
Lieutenant of Sussex and Hampshire.
This greatly respected gentleman was
descended from a very ancient family;
his grandfather was the Right Hon.
Stephen Poyntz, educated at Eton and
Kings College, Cambridge, M.A. 1711,
who held several responsible situations in
the reign of Georse II. and was by that
monarch appointed Preceptor to Prince
William of Cumberland. He married the
Hon. Miss Mordaunt, one of the Maids
of Honour to (^ueen Caroline; and,
dyin^ in 17.j<), was succeeded by his son
Wilham i*oyntz, esq. Inspector of Prose-
cutions in the Exchequer, and High Sheriff
of lierks 178<i. He married one of the
CO heiresses of KcUand C-ourtenay, esq.
by whom he had two sons, Williaai
Stephen, the subject of this notice, and
Montagu Morduunt, \\ho died early in
life; and four daughters, (he Lady John
Townshend, the Hon. Mrs. Dridgman,
who died during the present year (see p.
'X\\) the Countess of Cork and Orrery,
and the Hon. I^adv Courtcnay Boyle.
In early life Air. Poyntz held a com.
mission in the 10th or Prince of Walea's
l>rai;oons. On the 2lth Nov. I7li-l he
received a commission as ('aptain of tho
Midhurst corps of volunteer ('avalry.
Subsequently to the general election of
1 1\H\ he came into Parliament for the
borough of St. Allmn'tf on Eail Spencer's
iiitcrc'«t, the vacancy being made by the
late Earl of Lucaii, Lady Spencer's
brother, lie \vua re-clcctcd in 180;^ aud
1806 ; to the Pariiament of 1807 be was
returned for C'allington Rafter the general
election) and again to tnat of 1812-18 ;
he sat for Chichester from 1823 to 1826,
and for Asbburton from 1831 to 1835,
when he was returned for Midhurst,
where he was recently succeeded bv
his son-in-law, Captain the Hon. P.
Spencer, having resigned his seat from il(
health and advanced years.
Mr. Poyntz's political principles were of
the old constitutional Whig school; but
of a tendency too aristocratical to permit
him to identify himself with the radicalism
of the present day. He was a firm sup-
porter of the established church, and
maintained its rights and property by his
votes in Parliament, thougli in opposition
to the party with whom he generally
acted. He was greatly beloved by an ex-
tensive circle of friends, who knew the
kindness of his heart and the sincerity of
his attachment to them. A large and re-
spectable body of tenantry will deeply
lament the loss of their kind and con-
siderate landlord, and the labouring poor
in the vicinitv of his residence will feel
the want of his judicious bounty. In his
religious sentiments be was warmly at-
tached to the doctrines and discipline of
the Church of England, and worshippefl
according to her Liturgy in the spirit of t
true Christian. And it is a consolation
to his surviving friends to reflect that
while ill health, during the latter years of
his life, drew him from the world, it was
at the same time the happy cause of lead-
ing him to contemplate more seriously
the concerns of eternity. He married in
1701 the Hon. Elixabcth Mary Browne,
only sister and sole heiress of George 8th
Viscount Montagu, whose melancholy
death in attempting to pass the falls of
Schauffbausen in 1703 is related in the
Gentleman's Magazine for that year, p.
10.H. By this amiable, pious, and highly
respected lady, the last aescendant of the
Montagus of Cowdray, who died in Dec.
18.'X), he had two sons and three daugh-
ters ; the former both came to an untimely
end by the upsetting of a pleasure yacht
at Bognor, Sussex, 1815, (together with
their tutor and the two daughters of Adm.
Parry, ('oloncl Poyntz alone escaping, as
related in our Magazine for that year,
Part ii. p. 70). In consequence of this
distressing calamity his three surviving
daiighterfi, the dowager Lady Clinton
fnow the wife of Sir Horace Seymour,
K.C.H.), the Hon. Mrs. Spencer (wife
of ('apt. the Hon. Frederick Spencer,
C.B. next brother to Earl Spencer), and
the Marchioness uf Exeter, have become
co-heireshcs to all the extensive i>roperty
of that ancient and once powerful family.
654
Obituary.— Dr. Rennell, Dean of JVinchester. [Jane,
V
The following paragraph, relating some
interesting particulars connected with the
causes of toe illness and death of Mr.
Poyntz, deserves insertion here. •* The
death of this gentleman presents a singu-
lar fact in pathology. He expired sud-
denly, at his house at Hampton Court, at
dinner, with convulsive movements of the
face and hands, the consequence of a want
of power in the heart to carry on their
circulation. This cessation of nervous
energy in the heart was the result of an
injury received by him seven years ago.
In 1833 Mr. PoynU fell from his horse
on his head, when his chin was forced on
his breast, and produced a dislocation in
the spine, which was found at the post
mortem examination made by Mr. Liston,
of Old Burlington.strcet, and Mr. Hol-
berton, the medical attendant of Mr.
Poyntz. Since that accident he had never
been so well as before, and during the last
two or three years had occasionally ex-
perienced brief faintings, from a total ces-
sation of the heart's action, presenting
symptoms precisely like those which were
now described to the jury, but with this
difference, that from the last, which lasted
under a minute, he did not recover. The
surgeons discovered the procesnu den-
tatuM of the spine displaced fonvards, di-
minishing the spinal canal, and conse-
quently the spinal marrow one-third in
diameter, just below the skull, where the
chord begins to meet the brain. The
injury was evidently of old standing, and
in Mr. Holberton*s opinion was, through
the heart, the cause of death. Thus was
established the singular fact, that death
resulted almost instantaneously from an
injury inflicted years before. Singularly,
no paralysis or injury of the intellect fol-
lowed the injury of the spine in 18-'^.
All the valves of the heart were healthy,
and no unnatural sounds were ever de-
tectable in the chest. The dura mater of
the brain was found attached firmly to the
skull, and effusion under the arachnoid
membrane. When will, the pulse counted
about 25 or 26 in the minute; at other
times not more than eight or nine."
The body of Mr. Poyntz was deposited
in the family vault at Eascbourne, Sussex,
on the JGth of April. The cavalcade
WHS met at Farnhurst !)y the Marr}ucss
of Exeter, the Hon. Capt. F. Spenrer,
Sir Horace and Mr. Seymour, and nearly
70 of the tenantry ; and a procession was
formed, which, moving slowly, arrived at
the church of Easebuurne about eleven
o'clock, where they were joined by Col.
Brid^eman, Charles Shirley, esq. Sir
Charles Taylor, bart. William Townlcy
Mitford, esq. of Pits-hill, Rev. Robert
Ridsdale, liector of Tillington, and the
resident Clergy ; and after the coffin bad
been exposed to the view of the sorrowing
multitude, which, at a moderate calcok-
tion, amounted to 3000, it was quiedj
consigned to the earth. As a last tribate
of respect, all the tradesmen of Midhant
closed their shops until after the inter-
ment.
Dr. Rennkll, Dean of Winchestke.
March 31 . At the Deanery, Winchester,
in his 87th year, the Very Rev. Thomas
Rennell, D.D. Dean of the Cathedral.
Dr. Rennell, the representative of aa
ancient and respectable family in Devon.
shire, and a near relative of the celebfat-
ed Major Rennell, was the only son of
the Rev. Thomas Rennell, Prebendary
of Winchester, a man eminent for his
piety and learning, to whose early instruc-
tion and constant care may be ascribed in
great measure the subsequent superiority
and reputation of his son. When about
thirteen years of age Dr. Rennell was
sent to Eton, where the keen eye of Dr.
F'oster, the head master, first oiscovered
the capacity and abilities of his pupil;
and under the tuition of that acute scholar
Dr. Rennell soon rose to high distinction.
A letter still exists in which Dr. Foster
declared that Rennell was the best
scholar he had ever sent out from Eton :
and his pupil always retained and express-
ed the warmest affection and gratitude to
the memory of his old master. Upoa
being removed to King's College, Cam-
bridge, Dr. Rennell prosecuted his studies
with intense ardour. The leisure afforded
by the peculiar nature of that foundation,
and the exemption from University exer-
cises and examinations, so dangerous a
privilege to many young men, was to him
of peculiar advantage, for it enabled him
to follow up without interruption the
course of study most congenial to the dis-
position of his mind, without reference
to whether it might " tell *' or not at any
future examination. He read from thirst
for information, and from pure love of
letters, " ingenti percuUut amorej** rather
than from any mere ambition of literary
fame. During his University career Dr.
Rermell sought and was readily admitted
to the society of persons renowned for their
genius and learning. He was at this time
greatly assisted by the able and judicious
advice of Dr. Glynn, a most distinguished
scholar and physician,then resident at Cam-
bridge, and a Fellow of the same college ;
and his views were enlarged and matured
by frequent conversation with the learned
Mr. Bryant. With his contemporaries the
late Dr. Mansel, Master of 1 rinity Col-
lege, and Mr. Muthias, the author of the
** Pursuits of Litemture,** both men of
* infinite wit," and likewise with his old
schoolfcUoMrsi the hie Chief Justice
1840.] Obituary.— Dr. Kennelly Bean of Wkchesttr.
C55
(libbs, and Mr. Justice Dampier, lielivcfl
in liabits of the warmest intimacy, which
lasted through their lives. At the Uni-
versity also he was first introduced by Dr.
(ilyim to the then Mr. Pretyman, after-
wards Bishop of Winchester, and to his
illustrious pupil, with both of whom he
continued in after life on terms of mutual
esteem and regard. In the year 1778 he
gained the Bachelor's prize for a Latin
essay on the subject of Government, re-
uiarkable for the deep philosophical views
he took of the question, and the vigour
and elegance of the language. Dr. Ken-
nel continued at Cambridge until he en-
tcred into holy orders, when he took the
<uracy of Barnack, a retired village in Nor-
thamptonshire, and became as severe a
student in Theology as he bad previously
been in classical and general literature,
and to this subject, in all its various
branches, henceforward through life were
the powers of his mind almost exclusively
given. \\c was appointed at an earlier age
than usual to a prebend in Winchester
( jithcdral, being already remarkable as u
divine and a scholar ; and during his resi-
dence in the Close derived, by his own
account, invaluable aid in the promotion
of his theological studies, from frequent
intercourse with the celebrated Dr.Balguy,
of whom he never ceased to speak with
admiration and reverence.
In 1786 Dr. llennell married the eldest
daughter of Sir William Blackstone, a
lady in every way worthy her husband
and her father ; and soon after undertook
the charge of the populous parish of
Alton, and entered zealously and actively
upou the practical duties of a parish
priest. Alton was at that time full of
the sect called Quakers, among the higher
class of whom were to be found many
shrewd and intelligent persons ; with these
Dr. Kenncll freely associated, and in the
course of frequent conversations and ar*
gumcnts held with thcmr gained a consi-
derable insight into their doctrines ; what-
ever might have been his conclusions
upon these matters, he commanded their
respect by his learning and moderation,
and their esteem hv his kindness.
In the year I7J>7 he resigned the prcben-
dal stall, in consequence of his acceptance
of the Mastership of the Temple, a situ-
ation of all others for which be was pecu.
liaHy fitted, and which had been offered
find even urged upon him by Mr. Pitt. Dr.
liennell felt all the deep responsibility be
was incurring in accepting this important
])o^t, but was encouraged in the attempt
by the friends who were best acquainted
with him, especially by Dr. Tomline, the
liishop of Lincoln. How worthily be
lultiUcd the duties of the Mastership
many now living am be«t testify. They
consist chiefly in preaching during the
terms; and the profound learning and
fervid eloquence of his discourses are still
remembered. lie ever regarded this
period of his professional labours with
satisfaction and pleasure in after life. It
brought him into contact with congenial
minds, and he enjoyed the friendship and
respect of an Eldon,a Stowell,a Kenyon,
an Erskine, and a host of other able and
high-minded lawyers of that day. He
was also fond of and courted the society of
the students and younger part of the Bar ;
to whom, in their early career, he was
most kind and attentive, and of consum-
niatc service to the cause of genuine reli-
gion, in enabling those who consulted
him to meet the arguments of its oppo-
nents, and in directing the attention of
fair inquirers, anxious to satisfy their
reason upon the evidences of Christianity
during their few leisure hours, in the
most compendious manner, to the nearest
and best sources of information. He
never shunned the acquaintance of a voung
man whose inquiring mind miyit be
tainted with sceptical notions, on that
account, and many, it is believed, were led
to sincere belief by his aid. In the follow-
ing year he took his degree of Doctor of
Divinity at Cambridge, and preached the
commencement sermon, in which he ex-
posed the tendency of the wide spreading
doctrines of the French revolution, and
denounced them in a strain of such vigor-
ous and argumentative eloquence as to
excite the admiration and gratitude of
every lover of religion and order, and to
call forth the abuse and never ceasing
enmity of the Jacobinical party in this
country. It was on this occasion that
Mr. Pitt applied to him the term of
** the Demosthenes of the pulpit."
In 1905 he was promoted by that con-
stant and kind friend to the Deanery of
Winchester, an appointment equally ho-
nourable to his patron and himself ; for
Dr. llennell had for many years been an
active, ardent, and effectual opponent to
the claims of the Roman Catholics, the
granting of which had been a favourite
scheme of policy with Mr. Pitt, and upon
which point not long before he bad been
obliged to retire from office. Dr. Ren-
nell never compromised bis sentiments on
this great question either in substance or
degree, and his honesty and zeal were ap-
preciated by that great minister. All
the duties of his new station were per-
formed in the most exemplary manner,
for his heart was interested in them. He
loved the solemnity of the choral service,
and gave effect to it by his impressive
voice, and continued to a late period to
speak from the pulpit as one deeply con-
cerned in the salyation of himself and
656
OBxrrART.— Df . RelmeU, Dem of WlAiAi^tr. [June,
others. In the Cathedral some of his
best sermons were preached, particularly
that '^ on gaming/* the most celebrated
f>erbaps, and which has had a wider circu-
ation than any one he published. It was
in his time that the extensive repairs, by
i/lrhich so much was done to obviate decay
and to restore the beauty of the fabric of
that splendid pile, took place. In 1827
Dr. Rennell resigned the Mastership of
the Temple, being unable, from growing
infirmity, any longer to perform the duties
satisfactorily to his own conscience. On
this occasion he addressed to each of the
two societies a letter replete with deep
feeling and nervous energy, which was
afterwards printed, together with the kind
comjplimentary answers to it.
'liie evening of his existence was
passed chiefly at Winchester, where he
exercised a plain and generous hospitality,
especially to strangers ; living on the
kindest terms with all around, and re-
spected and esteemed by the body he had
presided over for so many years, and by
all tBi surrounding clergy. Late in life
he experienced severe domestic affliction,
for he lived to mourn the death of his be-
loved wife and of two sons, both of rare
endowments; which, although it bowed
liim down, never took from him that steady
cheerfulness, so peculiar an element in
a Christian's mind.
He came at length to his grave in full
years, *< like as a shock of com cometh
in its season,** to enter upon the reward
of a long and useful life, spent in the
service of his Redeemer and the glory of
God. He has left one son and two
daughters to feel the loss of such a parent
Ab a theologian and a scholar, in the
most comprehensive sense of the words,
Dr. Rennell was perhaps one of the most
remarkable and accomplished men of his
age ; few persons have read and digested
so much, and being endowed with an ex.
traordinary memory his stores were always
at hand for his own or for others* use.
The philosophy of antiquity, especially
that of Plato, whom he regarded as ** on
the very threshold of Christianity,*' he
had studied deeply, and its bearings on
the Christian religion had been well
weighed in his thoughtful mind. He was
intimately acquainted with the writings
of the fathers, and the whole range of
the great theological writers of the Eng.
lish church, the masculine tone of whose
minds was in perfect unison with his own.
He was also well read in foreign divinity.
As a scholar he was deep and accurate,
without having entered much into the
minutiae of verbal criticism, to the uses as
well as abuses of which, however, he was
fully sensible; while the study of it was
12
uncongenial to his vigorous understanding,
which would always rather be dealing win
matter than words. lii the clasaical woild
Homer was his great favourite, and hardly
second stood Sbakspeare, of whom be
would sav that his divinity was sound And
good. Nor was he less extensively rened
in history, than in other branches of lite-
rary knowledge. He had collected la
extensive and noble library which micht
have been regarded as an epitome ofnii
mind. Theology, classics, both andaK
and modern, and history, formed the staak
commodity ; to which were added (eo-
piouslv) biography, voyages and travels
and elegant literature m all languages;
and, altnough there were many very ^pfai-
did editions, especially of favourite au-
thors, all were for ate; there was hardly
to be found one mere eurioeity.
In his character as a Coristian, Dr.
Rennell was a nuin of deep and ferveit
piety, free from the slightest taint of &-
naticism. His benevolence, springliv
warm from the heart, was of a practicsl
kind, and in his charities he \i-as muni.
ficent.
In social Intercourse his conversattoo
was full, and rich in anecdote ; and he
fond to the latest period of his life of seeisg
his friends around him. To borroW tile
words of a person distinguished ftSt cUtsd-
cal and lenl attainments, now high in sta-
tion, ** What a treasure of recollectioiis
and anecdotes of byegone days are gone
with him ; what a feature in Winchester,
what a centre for how many friends of
diflTerent ages!**
It is to be regretted that one volume of
discourses, chiefly preached at the Tem-
ple, is all that Dr. Rennell ever published
with his name attached.
Dr. Rennell was presented to the rec-
tory of St. Magnus, London firidge, 1792,
which he resigned in 1808 ; to the rectory
of Alton, Hants, in 1809 ; and to the vi-
oarage of Barton Stacy, Hants, in 1814.
Thomas Drummond, Esq.
Anril 15. At the Viceregal Lodge,
in the Phowiix Park, Dublin, Captain
Thomas Drummond, Under Secretary
of State for IreUnd.
Few men combined so numy high and
sound qualiflcations as Mr. Drummond
for the discbarge of \'aried and important
public duties. His scientiflc reputation
18 associated with the tight which bears
his name, and whidi conferred celebrity
upon him before his talents had ilrawn
him conspicuously into the sphere of
political and official labours. Larly dis-
tinguished by his mathematical attain,
ments, he displaved throughout the whole
of the responsible employnents to
1843] Obituary. — T. Drummond, Esq. — J. Hinckesnum, Esq, 657
son of Richard Hinckesman, gent« and
Ann his wife, of Overwood in the parish
of Neen Savage in that county, and born
in 1747. He was in his early life the
worthy agent of the Actons of Aldenham,
and continued to transact the business of
that family, and of others, with great
punctuality and propriety towards his em-
ployers, and with great honour and credit
to himself, till his principal at Aldenham,
in the long turn of life, and great age, be-
came unable to keep and conduct himself
in the usual line of correctness, and proper
sense of discretion, when Mr. Hinckes-
man retired from that concern. He was
eminently loyal to the sovereigns it was
his happiness to live under, and greatly
attached to the church of England, being
paternally descended from several of its
worthy divines. When menacing danger
threatened thegovemment,andthe country
became alarmed, he was at all times ready
to meet the assessed subsidies, which at
length so materially assisted to put down
the tyrant of Europe. Placing himself
and horse in martial array, he marched
into the ranks of a regiment of cavalry, to
defend the state, and all its institutions
by law established, having a strong pa«
triotic desire to exist or perish with them.
Thus he contributed to fill the martial
ranks of his sovereign during the whole
period of the two List wars. The im*
he was subsequently called, that clearness
and precision of purpose, which an
understanding, originally masculine and
vigorous, might be expected to derive
from a mental discipline so searching and
jirartical. The schedules of the Reform
law were based upon Mr. Drummond^s
culrulations the accuracy of which weire
unshaken by the opponents of that great
constitutional measure. While he held
the office of private secretary to Lord
Althorp, then Chancellor of the Exche-
quer, bis assiduous devotion to the public
service justly acquired for him that
marked confidence which afterwards led,
in the changes of the administration, to
his appointment as Under Secretary for
Ireland. In his private capacity Mr.
I)riunmond was much esteemed by men
who were strongly opposed to his politi-
cal opinion'i, and by those who had offi-
cial dealings with him he was much re*
spected fur his prompt business-like
hahits and kind demeanour at all times.
On the 2 1st of Apnl his remains were
removed from the Lodge in Phoenix Park
to Mount Jerome Ometery. The fune-
ral procession, which consisted of up-
wards of l.j() carriages, and some few cars,
left the Park about 1 1 o'clock. The prin-
cip il mourners were his brother Mr. John
Druminond, Air. Brady the Attorney-ge-
neral, and Mr. Pigotthe Solicitor-general,
in the first carri tge ; his Excellency the
Lord Lieutenant and Lord Morpeth in
the second carriaj^e. The pall-bearers
were the Lord C'hancellor, Sir M.
O'Loughlin, Master of the Rolls, Lord
Morpeth, Judges Perrin, Rail, and
Richards, and .Major- (ten. Sir J. Bur-
goyne. Amongst the train of carriages
were also tho^^e of the Duke of lj<'inster,
the Karl of Ro^^common, Earl of Charle-
mont. Lord (3loncurry. Lord Ventry, the
Archbishop of Dublin (Dr. Whateley),
the Bishop of ('nshel, Mr. Daniel O'Con-
nell, M.P., Mr. Henry Gratfan, M.P.,
the O'Conor Don, M. P. .Mr. F. French,
M.F., Mr. James Power, M.P., the
Provost of Trinity (-ollege, the Chief
Remembrancer, Sir Edward Blakeney,
(.'ommander of the Forces, Sir J. Mur-
ray, ('olonels d'Aguilar, Halloway, Thos.
White, W. Smith, Sir Guy Campbell,
Sir 'I homas Esmond, Serieant Green,
Dr. Anster, LL.D. &r. '1 he procession
imswed through the principal streets of
Dublin, and reached the cemetery about
half -past \2 o'clock.
John Hisckksman, Esq.
Aprif H. At West wood in the parish of
Old bury near Bridgenorth, co. Salop, aged
D3, John Hinckesman, esq. of that place.
He was the younger and last surviving
Glnt. Mag. Vol. Xlll.
portant privileges and liberties of his
country ne deemed no sacrifice too much
to preserve, and defend ; and it was bis
ardent wish to see the arts and sciences
of his country flourish in his day, and his
prayer was that tbe^ might continue so to
do to the end of time. He was highly
respected by his friends and neighboars,
exhibiting himself at all times, with ft
f generous feeling towards all laudable pub-
ic pursuits, and towards the poor of his
neighbourhood, being hospitable to all.
His habits were early, his exercise re-
gular and continuous, and his diet mode*
rate. He lost his sight about two years
before his death. He possessed a valu-
able memento of the celebrated Dr. Samuel
Johnson of Lichfield, the great writer
and critic, — nothing less extraordinary
than that learned man*s fowling-piece.
It came into the family by purchase of
Mr. Charles Hinckesman tbe deceased's
brother, at the doctor's sale at his house
in Lichfield, Mr. Cbsrles Hinckesman
being the subsequent occupier till his
death. The deceased was one of the two
existing trustees of the free school of
Neen Savage, in which parish his ances-
tors had resided roanv years upon their
estate which descended to him. His
Christian code was ** Fear God, honour
tbe King ; and do unto all nen as you
4P
658
Obituary. — Alexander Naamyth, Exq.
[Jan
would they vbould do unto you." lie
wai interred in the family vault in the
cemeterv of Oldbury on Thursday the 23d
of i\prif| wbert' a great number of towns
people from HridKenorth as well as neigh-
bours had assfUibled to see the last rite
performed U])on an individual, who had
for nearly a cviitury been a close resident,
and for a considerable lime a daily visitor
to that town, and a constant attendant
inquirer into the state of its inarketff.
Allxandkr N a SMYTH, Erq.
April 10. In York-place, Edinburgh,
aged b3, Alexander Nasmyth, esq., the
much vent-rated father of the Seottisth
School of Landscape Painting.
Mr. Nasmyth was bom in Edinburgh,
where he received his elementary educa-
tion. In his youth he went to London,
and became the apprenticed pupil of Allan
Ramsay (son of the poet), at thai period
one of the most esteemed portrait painters
of the metropolis. He afterwards visited
Italy, where he pursued his studies tor
several years, in the society of the best
Roman artists of the time, and in the
fellowship of some contemporary students
from England, whose names have since
become classic in English art. While
ostensibly studying his chosen depart-
ment of historical and ])ortniit painting,
he was led by his natural bias to landsoipe,
though rather from pleasure than any
lateral professional design, to fill many
portfolios with careful and elaborate draw-
ings of the ancient ruins, the more modern
palaces, churches, and other ediiices, and
the exquisite landscapes of Italy. Nor
was the study of the great masters dis-
regarded or neglected by him ; on the
contrary, besides numberless sketches, he
carried home with him a roost refined
percej)tion of the peculiar excellence of
each, and his conversation on the various
works was equally distinguished by the
skill of the professional connoisseur and
the apprehension of the well-educated
fentleman. His eminent countryman, Sir
)avid Wilkie, who ever regarded the
character of his respected father in art
with great veneration, having met him
shortly after his own return from Italy—
his mind full of the glories of ancient art
— afterwards expressed both surprise and
admiration at the extent of observation,
the exactness of memory, and justness of
criticism, with which Mr. Nasmyth com-
mented upon those celebrated works,
which he could not have seen for at least
fifty years previous.
Having retnrned to his native city, he
commenced practising, with great success,
as a portrait painter, and had the honour
of pourtraying many of the most distin-
guished men and women of his time. Tobi«
friendship with Bums the world is indebted
for the only authentic portrait which exists
of the great Scottish poet. His passion
for landscape, however, had been gradual-
ly gaining ground ; and the pleasure he
had in executing some of bis earlier land-
scapes, and the applause with which they
were received, led him for the most part
to abandon portrait, and give himself up
to his favourite pursuit. The distinetife
characteristics of his chaste and elegant
compositions are well known ; his industry
and popularity have been so unceasing,
that there is hardly a mansion-house in
England or Scotland, besides more hum-
ble domiciles innumerable, on whose walls
a smiling production of Nasmyth is not to
be iound.
As he numbered among, his early em-
ployers many of the noble and wealthy of
Scotland, he became a frequent visitor at
their country mansions, where his general
as well as his professional talents made
him an honoured and cherished guest.
On these occasions his ever active mind
found an agreeable relaxation in suggest.
ing improvements connected with the
scenic efifects of garden, park, and other
pleasure grounds ; and, as these sugges-
tions were mnde with equal genius and
soundness of judgment, and had ever ft
due regard to practicability and economy in
execution, they were, to a very great extent,
adopted by proprietors, to the manifest im-
provement in the beauty of their domains.
His celebrity in this delightful depart-
ment of art, which can be successfully
exercised only by those skilful in the
composition of landscape, but which, for
years, he only practised as an amateur,
from a desire to gratify many noble and
generous patrons, eventually made his
advice to be so frequently sought for, in
these matters, as to cause too serious in-
roads to be made on his time. He vas
thus induced to adopt it as a lucrative
branch of his profession. To hit sug-
gestions and plans, and to the principles
he promulgated, much of the beautv of
some of the finest park scenery of oeot-
land is to be attributed.
The improvement of his native citj in
])icturesquc and architectural elegance
was ever one of his most iavourite topici
of study, and of evening convemtlOD.
Not a few of the most ingenious and
beneficial changes in the street architec-
ture of Edinburgh may be traced to his
invention ; and he has left behind him
numberless sketches of partiallv ekecuted
or suggested improvements, which demon-
strate how very much he was iqterHited
in the embellishment of that OMMt ro-
mantic of cities, and hpv aiach Uf nfe-
1840.]
Obituary. — Alexander Nasmytk, Esq*
659
mory and services, in this particular, de-
serve the respect of his fellow-citizens.
For many years he employed u consi-
derable portion of his time in giving^ tuition
at his hou'ie in the (U'inciples and practice
of his art (so important in purifyini^ and
directing the springs of public taste) ; and
of his merits in this department we are
assured, by the tc>timonyof many accom-
f)lished persons who benefited largely by
lis instructions, and by the fact that he
received a larger income from this source
than any teacher who has yet succeeded
him. His life has been so fur extended
that one generation of those of his disci.
pies who have adopted art as a profession
have been distinguished rather as his suc-
cessful rivals than as his scholars. Most
of the living landscape painters of Scot-
land are, however, in some measure sprung
from his schoul,and dthough his peculiar
manner is not to be traced in their works,
we believe that all of them acknowledge
and retain the highest respect for the
soundness and simplicity of those prin-
ciples and instructions which he enforced,
er|iially by his niiixims and practice, and
by alternate reference to nature and the
great niasters.
Hut the value of his instnirtions as a
master can receive no better illastration
than in the evidence afforded by tiie emi-
ncMce ot several of his own family. The
land-capt's of the late Mr. Patrick Nas-
mytli, his eldest son, who was cut off" by
(h'ath in the prime of manhood, are un-
rivitlied by tho>ie of any living artist, in
their |)eculiar and highly beautiful walk of
Kiiglish runil and forest scenery. Pos-
sessing a character intensely English,
many of them v\c with the work^ of
Kuysdael and llobbima ; not a few
have been sold for more than ten
times the sum which the artist received
for them, and they continue to rise in the
estimation of the first collectors in Eng.
land. The genius of Anne, on whom the
mantle of her deceased brother neemed to
have descended, was rapidly conducting
her to professional eminence, when her
marriage with Mr. Bennett, an eminent
rrtgineer in Manchester, transferred those
talents, from which the public e.x|)ected
so murh, to the adoriunent of private so-
ciety. The artistic acquirements of Mrs.
Richardson, formerly Mrs. Terry, which
«he had not exercised professionally during
Mr. Terry*s life, were, with a feeling
of independence becoming her father's
daughter, nobly and successfully exerted
in behalf of her family, on her husband's
misfortunes and death. The compositions
of Jane have, within the last few years,
evinced great study and consequent im-
provement, and they are now cbaracterixed
by great richness in detail, chastened by a
refined and even classic elegance of ar-
rangement. Nor are the pictures of
Margaret and Barbara undistinguished by
similar characteristics ; while Charlotte,
the youngest daughter, is successfully fol-
lowing the track of her eminent brother.
George and James, the two youngest of
the family, who have inherited their me-
chanical genius from their father, were
also, at an early period, initiated in the
principles of art. This they industriously
applied in eUborate delineations of ma-
chinery and architecture, by means of
which they were enabled, during their
studies as engineers, to lay up, for their
future practice, great store of valuable
working drawings ; and, on their com-
mencing business on their oun account,
to plan, and entirely to construct, without
any other professional assistance, their
own magnificent and beautiful establish-
ment, an edifice capable of accommodating
700 workmen. They are now the leading
partners in the firm of Nasmyths, Gaskell
and Co. engineers, Patricroft, near Man-
Chester, a bouse originally reared upon
the reputation of James's brilliant pro-
fessional genius, and that of the great
ability, indomitable perseverance,and bifffa
principle of both brothers. It now ranks
among the most eminent in England, and
has executed most important commissions
for our own Government, and those of
most of the other nations of Europe. We
may mention that James, besides evincing
consummate ability in several departments
of science totally unconnected with his
arduous profession, has it also in his
power, if his time would permit, to prove
himself a great artist. The sketches which
he executes in his hours of relaxarion are
most masterly, and the subjects be selects
are equally varied, original, and poetic.
Mr. Nasmyth took an active interest
in all the institutions established in Edin-
burgh for the promotion of art. He was
one of the few distinguished members of
the original Society of Scottish Artists ;
he was one of the first elected associatea
of the Royal Institution, tu whose ex-
hibitions he became a principal contri-
butor ; and, although bis great age at the
period of the union of the artists of that
Dody with the Royal Scottish Academy,
prevented his joining their institution, he
allowed himself to be named as an honorary
member, and ever conrinued to feel deeply
interested in its prosperity. Shortly De-
fore bis last illness, a few of the mem-
bi*rs of the Academy, having agreed to
subscribe for the purpose, requested him
to sit to Mr. Duncan for hit portrait,
which it was their intention to present to
the collection of the Academy, oat of a
660
Obituary. — Alexander Noimifth, Esq.
[JoDe,
feeling of gntitude and retpect for hit
MtrioHc lemces to Scottish art. He
Dad given his consent to their request,
which he considered a high honour, but it
came too late to be effected.
It was ever his desire to keep up the
most friendly relations with his brethren
in art ; he hud the honour to rank among
his friends the most distinguished artists
of his time, both at Edinburgh and in the
metropolis ; and he had great delight in
pointing out, and in descanting upon,
their various excellencies. Young artists
who sought his society ever found in him
a kind and courteous companion and ad-
viser, and all received an unvarying wel-
come in that unostentatious hospitality
which ever animated his evening domestic
circle. His general information (in which
he kept abreast of society) — his accurate
reminiscences of remarkable events — his
numberless anecdotes uf distinguished
men of the last and present centuries,
with many of whom be had enjoyed a
familiar intercourse — his youthful and un-
impaired interest in passing occurrences
— his perception and appreciation of de-
parted and contemporary talent, in what-
ever phase exhibited — his masterly dis-
quisitions on the works of the great mas.
ters in his own art, rendered his conver.
■ation, seasoned as it was with humour,
wit, and originality of remark, in the
highest degree agreeable and instructive.
He took an active part in the occupations
and amusements of his children, and the
most juvenile of their associates, and was
considered b^ them as much their com-
panion as their instructor.
It is pleasing to observe, from his very
latest works, that the fineness of his in-
tellect and the freshness of his fancy con-
tinued unimpaired, and that these actually
appear to have given that wonted anima-
tion and decision to his pencil which his
general debility would seem to have ren-
dered impossible. His last picture but
one, *' The Bridge of Augustus,*' as well
as others now on the walls of the Royal
Scottish Academy, will sustain the accu-
racy of this observation.
In the little story of his last work of
all, there is something buth remarkable
and affecting. A few days before he was
taken ill, be expressed himself to his
daughter Jane as somewhat at a loss what
to paint ; at last he said he would paint
a little picture, which he would call
** Going Home." He immediately com-
menced a landscape under a quiet after-
noon or evening effect. The grey clouds
in the lower part of the sky mingle with
some dark and not very distant hills ; in
the middle ground is a lonely retired
cottage, with the smoke rising from its
rustic chimney, shewing that the evenin|^
meal is preparing to welcome the return
of the master. In the fore^ound is an
ancient oak tree, surrounded by some
vouoger denizens of the forest, who may
have sprung from it ; among them is a
tall though blasted stem of what might
have proved a stately tree. One of the
great arms of the oak, bearing a look of
decay, droops over a dancing stream
which gambols past, under a broken rus-
tic bridge, on which, supporting himself
by the slender railing, and accompanied
by his faithful dog, which looks round*
impatient at his dilatory step, an old la-
bourer, having finished his day's work, i*
seen ** going home.** It is a touching
little picture, even apart from the circum-
stances under which it was produced.
We need not say it is considered an in-
valuable treasure by his family.
Although retaining, in their full vigour,
his high intellectual faculties, bis occa-
sional physical debility for the last few
years evinced too plainly the wearing out
of the mortal machinery. He was seized
with his last illness about five weeks be-
fore his death. He met his death with
calmness and dignity, and, as far as great
bodily suffering would allow, with con-
tentment and happiness ; saying, that he
had lived long enough, and could not die
at a better period than when surrounded
by affectionate and dutiful children, whose
eminence and prosperity he had lived to
rejoice in.
It were difficult to calcukte the amount
of elegant and " unreproved pleasures,'*
which the multitudinous works of Na-
smyth have diffused over this country.
The eloquent and philosophical affirma-
tion of Lord Jeffrey, on a late festival
connected with the fine arts, that the
artist is to be considered as among the
greatest moral benefactors of society,
miy, we think, receive an illustrative
confirmation in the life and professional
practice of the subject of our notice.
Mr. Nasmyth, soon after his return
from Italy, married the sister of Sir James
Foulis ot Woodhall, Colinton. She still
survives, the benevolent and much re-
spected mother of his numerous and
talented family. Along with the young
ladies her daughters, she leaves Edin-
burgh to reside permanently at the resi-
dence of her eldest son, near Manchester.
We are certain they will carry with them'
the sympathies and good wishes of the
citizens of Edinburgh, to many of whom
their domestic virtues, no less thah their
talents, have lastingly endeared them.
{Edinburgh Courant,)
1840.]
Obituary.— Afr. William Pitts.
661
Mr. William Pitts.
April 16. At Piinlico, aged 50, Mr.
William Pitts, an eminent sculptor and
atniable man.
Mr. Pitts was born in 1790, and like
many of the early Italian sculptors com-
niericed his career as a chaser in silver,
bcin^ apprenticed to his father. He ob-
taiiii d the gold Isis medal from the Society
of Arts in 1812, for modelling two war-
riors. His earliest work of celebrity was a
great portion of the Wellington Shield, de-
«»igried by Stothard, for Messrs. Green and
Ward, and ht^ afterwards chased the
Shit'id of Achilles, designed by Flaxman,
under whose direction it was executed.
This inagniticent work of art was produced
for .Messrs. Kundell and Bridge, and eli-
cited the highest admiration. He also
modelled La ScBur*s Statue of King
Charles the First, which was executed in
silver for Lord Arden.
Mr. Pitrs married at the early age of
nineteen, and was obliged to apply him-
self sedulously to his profession. He pro-
duced, in rapid succession, the following
works, selected with the most refined
taste and displaying in their conception
no ordinary genius : the Deluge, a sketch,
in lH:^i; the Creation of Eve; Samson
killing the Lion; Herod*8 Cruelty; the
Pleiades, a most beautiful group ; Cupid
under the Mantle of Night ; Pandora
brought to Epimetheus; and Puck, from
the Aiidsummer Night's Dream.
In subjects of pure classical taste, he
stood unrivalled, and his talents were
highly appreciated by the late celebrated
Flaxman, by Sir Richard Westmacott,
K. A. and by Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A.
Ill 1H29 he executed two bas-reliefs,
eneh eight feet in length, for Mr. Sim-
niouf* ot the Regent's Park : the Rape of
I'roserpine ; and the Nuptials of Piri-
thous and Hippodamia, with the outrage
of the Centaurs ; these have been en-
graved in outline, and are described in
•• The Knglish School of Art.**
Mr. Pitts had previously modelled the
Shield of J^^neas, three feel six inches in
diameter, from the splendid description of
V^irgil ; and some of the compartments,
execu'ed in silver, have recently been ex-
hibited at the Koyal Academy. The com-
pletion of this work, valued at 2,0(.K)/.
has been interrupted by his sudden death.
in 1H3I) he designed and executed all
the buH-reliefs in the bow-room and draw-
ing rooms of Buckingham Palace. In the
first is represented Eloquence attended
by Pleasure and Harmony ; in the north
room, the Origin and Progress of Plea-
sure, in twelve compartments ; and in the
south room are illustrations of the lives
of the poets, Shakspeare, Spenser, and
Milton. He also submitted to Mr. Nash
four designs of sculpture for the throne
room, their subjects from classical history.
A very bold piece of sculpture was exe-
cuted by him for the pediment of St.
Martin's vestry room, of St. Martin di-
viding his cloak with the beggar.
The Shield of Hercules from Hesiod
he modelled in 1834, and was em-
ployed in making drawings of the
several compartments for the purpose
of being laid before the Emperor of
Russia. A bas relief of a succession
of the Sovereigns of England from Wil-
liam the Conqueror to William the Fourth,
with their several attributes, was.exhibited
in 1837. In 1839 he sent in a design for
the Nelson Memorial to the committee,
founded upon the description of Fame in
the fourth book of the ^neid : —
"Fame, the great ill, from small beginninn
grows—
Swift from the first ; and every moment brings
New vigour to her flights, new pinions to her
wings.
Soon grows the pigmy to gigantic sise :
Her feet on earth, her forehead in the skies."
A second design for the same purposei
represented a colossal figure of Nelson on
a lofty pedestal, in which the sculptor
aimed at the attainment of grandeur and
simplicity.
He was at the same time employed
upon five large compartments in has relief,
for the front of the Literary Institution of
Leicester ; the subjects of which were the
Muses between the British and Greek
poets, and emblems of the four quarters of
the globe.
In Isleworth House, the seat of the late
Rev. Sir W. A.Cooper, Bart, are three
bas-reliefs by Mr. Pitts. Three others,
the Triumph of Innocence, I^lorawith the
Seasons, and Pledges of Virtue, are in the
house of George Harrison, esq. Carlton
Gardens. He modelled several busts ;
among which were those of Capt. Fitz-
Herbert of Swinnerton, and Sir W.
Home.
Mr. Pitts designed with great facility ;
and in drawing, as well as modelling, used
equally the right and the left hand, and even
both at the same time. He projected a
series of illustrations of Virgil, and com-
pletpd the drawings in outline, but two
numbers of the work only were published.
A series of illustrations of Ossian he also
commenced, and two large plates were
engraved in mezzotint, but it is believed
were not published. He made drawings
in illustration of Horace, and for tiro of
the tragedies of Euripides, Bacchae and
Ion. As a proofof the extent and variety
of his talents, it may be mentioned that
be painted two pictures on suhjects of
G62
Obituary.— /l/r. William Pitts. — M. Poisson.
[Jnne,
"acred history, now in the po^ses^ion of
hill family : — I )uvid find Saul, and the
Return of thu Prodi i^l Son.
At a late period Mr. Pitts executed
many works for ^oldKmiths, hi:* do^iirns
not only iH'ing highly ehtimated, but a
method whioli he had acquired of raising
the silver, nro<*urcd a detrided preference
for hiit woricmanNhip. lie desif^ned and
executed the cup wiiich was prc«(ented to
Mr. Charles Keinhle on hin retiring,' from
the xtu^e ; and a htrc^e eiiridied CHiidelu-
brum for the Speaker of the House <}f
Commons, in lH.'i7. He also desi^^ned
four candelabra of rirh workmanship for
her Alajcsty Qiiccn Adelaide, and exc-
cuted them fur Mossr8. Storr and Morti-
mer in If^lit^. lie had previously modelled
H dinner st>rvi«-e ior King Willi:) in the
Fourth, which was produced in cliina by
Messrs. Davenport. lie executed in
silver several epergnes from a very taste-
ful design, representing u group of boys
bearing a basket ; a large salver, of a Louis
Quatorze {Mttern, and u round waiter, of
an Elizabethan pattern, were also re-
peated by him.
In 1820 Mr. Pitts designed a shield in
relief, representing Achilles casting lots
for a chariot race, and subsequently
another, bearing on its surface the siege of
Badajos, with the Duke of Richmond
leading the trooi>s. One of bis last de-
signs that was executed was an enriched
cup, knife, fork, and spoon for her Majesty
Queen Victoria, for presentation at
christenings. His drawings were very
numerous in this branch of art, and com-
prised almost every description of orna-
mental plate. Shortly betore the death
of King George the Fourth, he designed
and partly modelled a Brunswick Shield,
representing the King environed by groups
indicative of the historical events in the
several reigns of the House of Hanover.
A most beautiful design for a masonic
tribute to his Royal Highness the Duke
of Sussex, four feet high, is engraved and
described in the Freemasons* Quarterly
Review for June 1838. Designs were
made by Mr. Pitts for candelabra pre-
sented to the Duke of Buckingham by the
Agricultural Society, to Sheriff Solomons,
to Alderman Wilson after his mayoralty,
and to Stephenson the celebrated en-
gineer ; his last drawing was a small ele-
gant tazza for presentation to Macready
the tragedian.
The monuments of the late Lord and
Lady Boston, and of the nephew of the
present Lord Boston, of David Ricardo,
Esq. and a cenotaph to Mr. Ricardo's
grandson in Gatcombe Park, were by
Mr. Pitts ; also the monuments of Dr.
Young at Eton, Miss Wainwright at
Sandgate, and of the wife of the Governor
of Van Dieman's Land.
The small but beautiful bas-relief of
the Triumph of Ceres now exhibiting at
the Royal A(*ademy, was modelled by
Mr. Pitts in 1829, and, as an emblem
of agricultural prosperity, was probably
intended for the centre of a salver for the
Agricultural Society.
A rash engagement relative to a la-
borious and expensive work, which Mr.
Pitts had entered into, is supposed to have
preyed upon his mind and to have created
that depression under the influence of
which he committed the fatad act of ter-
minating his life by poison. Although his
works were numerous and important; and
included many that are not enumerated in
the preceding list, it is certain they pro-
duced little profit. Mr. Pitts suffered
nmch from illness, and has left a widow and
five children, who, it is much to be feared,
are totally unprovided for.
M. PoissoN.
April 25. At Paris, M. Poisson, Pre-
sident of the Academic des Sciences, a
Peer of France, and a Foreign Member
of the Royal Society of London. M.
Poisson was born in 1782; and his
whole life may be said to have been con-
secrated to the promotion of analytical
discovery and scientific investigation.
The principal work by which his name
became spread over Europe was his
" Trait6 de M6canique Rationelle;" a
work in which the deepest powers of
analytical calculation are made subservient
to the enunciation and demonstration of
the various branches of the subject ; and
which has since become the text book,
the tna^um qpuSf for all who enter into
the subject of mechanics at all profoundly.
Among the other works of M. Poisson
may be mentioned his *' Researches on
Planetary Perturbations ;" « On the Os-
cillations of Fluids ;** ** On the Move-
ment of Elastic Fluids in Cylindrical
Tubes ;" '* The Theory of Wind Instru-
ments ;" *< The Treatise on Heat, and on
the Distribution of Heat;" as also his
** Essay on the Doctrine of Chances."
In 1825 M. Poisson published his method
of comparing the magnetic condition of
the earth anterior to its condition as now
existing, in which he entered into the in-
quiry as to whether the action of the
earth on the magnetic needle had in-
creased or decreased. fiesides these
works M. Poisson published several
minor essays on the vibrations of sonorous
bodies, the propagation of motion in
elastic fluids, &c. M. Poisson had long
been one of the Ezaminen of admistion
at the Ecole Polytechmque^ and. at Ae
1840.]
Obituary. — Clergy Deceased.
663
time of his death was President of the
A^'ademy of Sciences, and a Peer of
t ranre. He was elected a Foreign Mem-
ber of the Royal Society of London
in 1>^1H. For some years past he bad
resided at Sceaux, about five miles south
of Paris ; and, though during the last
twelve months he had been almost a con-
stunt invalid, he always filled the presi-
dential chair at the weekly meetings of
the Academy.
His funeral was conducted on a scale
of unusual ceremony, and was especially
remarkable as being attended by nil the
<.avans of Paris. Deputations from the
Chambers of Peers and Deputies, from
the Academies of the Institute, and from
all the scientifH; bodies of Paris, formed
part of the funeral cortege. The pupils
«)f the Ecole Polytechniqueand the Ecole
Normale were also present at the cere-
mony; the Minister of Public Instruc-
tion, M. Victor Cousin, headed the line
of mourners, and wsis accompanied by the
Kin^''s youngest son, the Due de Mont-
ponsier, who was anxious to pay a last
tribute of respect to his old professor.
IV I. Arago, Al. de Pontecoulant, and
other distinguished men of science, de-
livered harangues over his tomb; and the
Minister of Public Instruction most ap-
projiriately summed up the merits of the
deceased by styling him •* The first geo-
metiician of Europe." M. Poisson has
left four sons, one of whom is a lieu-
tenant in t))e Artillery.
CLFIIGY DECEASED.
Jan. 23. At Harford, near Leaming.
ton. aged 07, the Rev. Lewis H ay, for-
merly of Stansted Park, Sussex, and of
the Hotel Marboeuf, I'aris. Air. Way
was the son of lienjumin Way, esq. of
ihnham Park, near Oxbridge; was ma-
triculated of Christ Church, Oxford,
April 2.^, I71K); took the degree of 13. A.
.Inn. I i, l7!>.'i; was alterwards elected
F» How of Melton college, and proceeded
M.A. Oct. Vl \VJ(). Ill ]H)'l xMr.Way
had A very large foi tune bequeathed to him
by a namesake, but no relation, Mr.
Jcjhn Way, of the Court of King's Bench,
(See (ieiit. Mag. vol. lxxiv. 795, 974-.)
lie purchased Stansted Park in l^)o, and
sold it a few years after to Sir T. Acland.
Mr. Way was distinguished by his active
exert ion*i in many important religious un-
dertakings ; particularly in the establish.
ment ol the first English chapel at Paris,
( with the exception of that in the AmtKifl.
sadorS hotel,) and in the Society for the
Conversion of the Jews.
Feb. 2.'). At Harrington, Cumberland,
aped Uy, the Rev. John Curwen^ Rector
ot that parish, brother of Henry Curwen,
of Workington, esq. and fourth son of the
late J. C. Curwen, esq. M.P.
Feb. 26. Aged 82, the Rev. John
Hanieyt Rector of Clipstone, Nortbamp-
tonshire, and Vicar of Amberley with
Houghton, Sussex. He was formerly a FeU
low of Christ's college, Cambridge, B. A.
1780, as 5th Junior Optime, M.A. 1792,
was collated to Amberley in 1795 by Dr.
Ashburnham, Bishop of Chichester, to
whom he was for many years chaplain,
and presented to Clipstone by his college
in 1812. His beneficence and hospitality-
will long be remembered.
Feb. 26. In his 52d year, the Rev.
Cornelius Pitty Rector of Rendcomb and
Hazleton, co. Gloucester. He was the
eldest son of Joseph Pitt, esq. of East
Court, Wilts, proprietor of Pittville Spa,
Cheltenham. He was of Oriel college,
Oxford, where he graduated B. C.L. 1810.
He was presented to Hazleton in 1824 by
Lord Chancellor Eldon, and instituted to
Rendcomb in 1831 on his own petition.
He died in a fit when walking, on his re-
turn from a petty sessions.
Feb. 28. At Morpeth, the Rev. C.
Rapier y B.A., Head Master of Ed ward the
Sixth's Grammar School in that town.
Feb. 29. Aged 84. the Rev. H.
Shield^ Rector of Preston and Stoke Dry,
Rutlandshire, to the latter of which, m
the patronage of the Marquess of Exeter,
he was instituted in 1791, and to the
former, in his own gift, in 1802.
Lately. At Giltown, Kildare, the Rev.
Joseph BorroweSt son of the late Sir Kil-
dare 1). Borrowes, Bart.
The K^v. Maurice Co/emon, one of the
Senior Curates of Trinity Within, Water-
ford.
At Llangefni, in his 93d year, the Rev.
T. Evans y for fifty-one years Rector of
Hen Eglwys, Anglesea, in the gift of the
Bishop of Bangor.
The Rev. T. Sneyd, Vicar of Lavy,
CO. (/a van.
The Rev. John Williatns, Rector of
Ludehurch, and Vicar of Marlowes, Pem-
brokeshire; to the former of which be was
presented in 1H06 by the Prince of Wales,
and to the latter in 1812 by Lord Chan-
cellor Eldon.
Marrh 8. Aged 8G, the Rev. WiUiam
/folton, Curate of Brancaster, Norfolk.
He was formerly of Trinity college,
Cambridge, where he graduated B.A.
1775, M.A. 1780.
March 6. At the residence of his
mother, Paul's Walden Bury, Hertford-
shire, the Rev. George Tyrwhitt Drakep
Vicar of the Higher Mediaty of Malpas,
Cheshire. He was a son of the late
Thomas Drake Tyrwhitt Drake, esq.
M.P. for Aroershani, by Anne, dau. and
GG4
Obituary. — Clergy Deceased.
[Jane,
ro.hfir of the Kov. William Wickbam,of
(larftiiigtoii, OxfordKliire. He wasamein-
berof Jtsuscollfpc, Cainb. LL.B. 1818;
and was presented to his living by his
brother in 1H30.
March (5. At Warkworth, Northum.
berland, ajred 52, the Rev. Thomas Care
WinMcow, \'icar of that parish, lie was
of Trinity collepe, Camb. B.l). IW.'i ;
and was preitented to Warkworth in 1820
by the Bishop of (larlisle.
March 9. At Stirling, in his 87lh year,
the Right Rev. Ceorffe Gieig, LL.I).
Bishop of Rrerhin, primus of the Scottish
Episcopal church. He was ordained a
priest in 177.'j, and consecrated Bishop of
the Dim'ese of Brechin in 1808. Besides
the labours of his diocese, he was the
author of " Papers on Morals and Meta-
physics," which at the time acquired preat
celebrity. For some years jiast he had
retired from active life, and in 18.37 the
Right Rev. David Moir, D.D. of Brechin,
was consecrated assistant and successor to
his diocese. As a scholar, a theologian,
a metaphysician, and a critic, his name
has for more than sixty years stood
amongst the most eminent. His piety
was remarkable, yet cheerful ; his mind,
until Hgc prevailed over it, was singularly
vigorous ; his heart warm and generous,
and his hospitality unbounded. He wus
father of the excellent and highly gifted
Chaplain of Chelsea Hospital, the Rev.
G. R. Gleig, M.A. author of the " Sub-
altern," &c.
In his 75th year, the Rev. Fuhrar
Craven Fowh, Vicar of Kentbury, Berks,
• and Rector of Elkstone, Gloucestershire.
He was the son of the Rev. Thomas Fowle,
of Kentbury, by a daughter of the Rev.
John Craven, of Chilton, Wilts, nephew
to William Lord Craven. He was matricu-
lated of St. John's college, Oxford, the
19th June 1781, and graduated B. A. 1785,
M.A. 1788; and was instituted to both
his livings in 1798.
At Manchester, in his 54th year, the
Rev. William Nunn, M.A. Minister of
the Episcopal chapel of St. Clement's in
that town. He was formerly of St. John's
college, Cambridge, where he graduated
B.A. 1814, M.A. 1817.
March 10. At Northallerton, aged
37, the Rev. William Clere Surges, B. A.
Vicar of Osmotherley, Yorkshire, and
formerly Curate of Northallerton, where
he was much esteemed for his piety and
usefulness. By a melancholy fatality
three of his children had died on the 2d
and .3d of the month, and one other on
the day before him, viz. his daughters,
Selina, Susan, and Charlotte, aged 3, 6,
and 10 years, and his son, William- Clere,
aged 4 years. He was presented to the
1,3
vicarage of Osmotherley bj the Bbbop
of Durham in ia38.
March 11. At Marston St. Law-
rence, Northamptonshire, aged 56, the
Rev. Thomas Blencowe^ Vicar of that pa-
rish : uncle to the present John Jackson
Blencowe, esq. and the son of Samuel
Jackson, esq. who took the name of
Blencowe, pursuant to the will of his
maternal uncle. He was of Oriel college,
Oxford, where he took the degree of
M.A. in 1807, and he was instituted to
the vicarage of Marston, on the presen-
tation of his father, in 1809.
March 13. At Bury Green, Cbes-
hunt, aged 54, the Rev. WUlicm BoUand,
Vicar of Frampton and Swineshead, and
Minister of Trinity Chapel, Waltbam
Cross. He was a son of the late Thomas
Bolland, esq. of Leeds ; vnA formerly a
Fellow of Trinity college, Cambridge,
where he took the degree of B.A. in 1806 :
and was presented to the vicarage of
Swineshead by that society in 1811, and
to Fnimpton in the same year by Mr.
Tunnard. He had been recently ap.
pointed Incumbent of the new church
erecting at Bradford, Yorkshire, but bad
not entered on his new duties. His death
was occasioned through an accident. On
the evening of the Queen's marriage, Mr.
Bolland and his lady accompanied some
friends to London in their carriage, to
witness the illuminations. While looking
at the gay and busy scene, Mr. Bolland
and another gentleman, who were in the
dicky of the carriage, were thrown out by
the sudden moving on of the vehicle, and
the former unhappily fell on his bead.
He was taken home, and after aome time
was pronounced so convalescent that be
publicly returned thanks in his church at
Wultham cross for his restoration. A
few days aftenvards, while in London
making arrangements for taking pottea-
sion of his new curacy in Yorkshire, be
felt himself unwell in bis head, and on bis
return home took to his bed, and in two
or three days was a corpse. Mr. Bolland
was most zealous in the discbarge of bis
pastoral duties, and exemplary in all the
relations of life. His body was followed
to its resting place at Chesbunt church by
a very numerous assembhige of friends.
He has left a widow and several childmi
to mourn their severe loss.
At Compton Martin, Somerset, in his
80th year, the Rev. James Boyle, Rector
of that parish. He was of St. John's col-
lege, C/ambridge, B.A. 1820, M.A. 18S8|
was formerly for thirty-three years Rec-
tor of Hilgay, Norfolk ; and was pre-
sented to Compton Martin by the Dake
of Buckingham in 1816.
Aged 26, the Rev. J. /. HamiUon, B. A.
1840.]
Obituary.
of St. Jobn*8 college, Cambridge, late
Curate of Woking, Surrey ; second son
of Mr. A. Hamilton, of Hatton Garden,
London.
At Littlebury, near Saffron Walden,
aged 67, the Rev. Henry Built Vicar of
tbat parish and Rector of Salcott, both in
Essex. He was the second son of the
Rev. John Bull, Rector of Inworth,
Essex, where he was born ; educated at
Dedham Grammar School, in the same
county, and afterwards ut St. Peter's col-
lege, Cambridge, of which society he was
elected a Fellow. He graduated B.A.
1795 as 3d Senior Optime, M.A. 1798;
was presented to Littlebury in 1813 by
the sinecure Rector (who is appointed by
the Bishop of Ely), and to Salcott in 1834.
He ^vas characterised by kindness, bene-
volence to the poor, and a strict and con-
scientious discbarge of his duties as a
minister of religion, and was forward in
every good work in the town of Saffron
Walden and its neighbourhood. He has
left a widow with two sons and two
daughters.
March 15. In his 80th year, the Rev.
Thomas Dyer, Vicar of Norton with
Lenchwick, Worcestershire. He was
formerly of St. John's college, Cam-
bridge, where he graduated B.A. 1782,
M.A. 1785; and was presented to his
living in 1828 by the Dean and Chapter
of Worcester,
At Little Bardfield parsonage, Essex,
in his 80th year, the Rev. Hezekiah Good-
eve Harrison, M.A. Rector of Little
Stanbridge, Essex, and an acting magis-
trate for that county. He was of St.
John's college, Cambridge, B.A. 1780, as
5th Senior Optime, M.A. 1783; was
presented to Little Stanbridge in 1786 by
the Lord Chancellor, and was for many
years the resident Rector of Thorpe
Morieux, Suffolk, which he resigned to
another member of his family in 1824.
March 20. At Hamburg, aged 49,
the Rev. Richard Baker, British Chap-
lain ; eldest son of Sir Robert Baker, of
Montagu-place, Russell-square. He went
to Eton in 1801, and was elected into
college 31st July, 1804. He was entered
of Merton college, Oxford, 1st July
1808, and was appointed one of the Post-
masters of the college by Dr. Davies,
then Provost of Eton. He took the de-
gree of B.A. 1812, that of M.A. 1816;
was ordained Deacon in Sept. 1814, and
Priest in Dec. of the same year. Mr. Ba-
ker on his ordination was appointed Cu-
rate of Stody and Hun worth in Norfolk,
which duty he gave up in 1818 for the
curacy of Twickenham ; and in May
1820 he was appointed Chaplain to the
Gent. Mag. Vol. XIII.
British residents at Hamburg, i
recommendation of the preseiii-
bishop of Canterbury, then Bi
London. He married in 1824 x-
eldest daughter of the late John Pi
esq. formerly an eminent merd
Petersburg, and by that lady, *ru.
in 1834, he has left issue six child
At Yalding, Kent, aged 76,
Richard WardCf Vicar of that Panoi
Rector of Ditton, in the same o
He was formerly of St. John's C
Cambridge, where he graduated
1785, M.A. 1788; was instif"
Yalding (net value 1184/.) in 1
patronage and rectorial tithes beinj;; •'
own family ; and was presented to '.
in 1796 by the Earl of A^lesford.
March 2\. At Lindheld, Sussex^ |b
his 80th year, the Rev. Mr. HaygariK
March 22. At Norton, Kent, mtA
51, the Rev. Thomae Wodehouee, aic*
tor of that parish and a Canon of W«Ot;
brother to Edmund Wodehouse, M^.
M.P. for Norfolk, and cousin-german to
Lord Wodehouse. He was the second idn
of the late Thomas Wodehouse, esq. of
Sennowe, in Norfolk, by Sarah, daughter
of Pryce Campbell, of Stackpole C^art,
CO. Pembroke, esq. and sister to Jolin
Lord Cawdor. He was matriculated of
Merton college, Oxford, on the 1 8th June
1806, and appointed one of the Postmas-
ters of that Society; graduated B.A.
1806, M.A. 1816. lie married a daughter
of the late Rt. Rev. Walker King, D.D.
Lord Bishop of Rochester, by whom he
was collated to the rectory of Norton
(net value 306/.) in 1816; and he became
a Canon of Wells in 1817.
DEATHS.
Bedford. — Lately. At Bedford, in her
77th year, Jane, widow of the Rev. Wm.
Hooper, Rector of Carlton -cum- Chil-
lingham.
Berk9.-^ April 19. At Reading, Mrs.
Hase, relict of the late Henry Hase, esq.
of the Bank of England.
April 22. At Binfield Grove, Sarah
Elizabeth, dau. of the late Richard Ma-
thews, esq.
April 24. At Windsor, in her 75th
year, Charlotte, relict of Christopher Pa-
pendick , esq.
Bucks. — April 23. At Great Marlow,
aged 5 months, Andrew John, son of the
late A. H. Poulett Thompson, esq.
May 17. Drowned at Eton, aged 14,
Charles Francis, only son of H. S. Mon-
tague, esq. of Thurlow-house, Clapham.
Cambridge.— j^pril 21, At Lenton,
aged 81, John Wright, esq.
May 5. At Alderley, Susan Eliza-
4 Q
666
Obituaby.
[Jane^
betb, wiftt of WiUiam Cliaie, etq. of
Norwicli.
CiiEtiiinr.— 3/tfv lU. At Bougbton,
Emily, wife of Hichard Helshana, esq.
Cornwall.— i4/7rt7 16. At Truro,
aged S:i, Caroline, wife of the Rev. H.
D. Ryder, M.A. Canon of Litchticld,
youngest dau. of the late Geo. Comisb,
eaq. uf Salcombe Hill.
April 27. At Falmouth, in his 60tb
year, John Furse, esq. Ute Conimander
in H.M. Packet Service.
Lately. At Bodmin, ap^ed 25, W. D.
fiertey, esq. B.A. late scholar of St.
John's College, Camb. eldest son of the
Rev. T. Bersey, of the Wesleyan So-
dety.
At St. Mawes, aged 71, Mary Anne,
relict of Robert Jago, esq.
CuMHERLAND. — ^prii 24. At the
Hill, neai' Carlisle, Frances, wife of Sir
J. R. Grant, K.H. and K. St. A.
Afay 11. Aged 81, Isabella, wife of
the Rev. John Mayson, Rector of Orton.
Devon. — April 16. At Exeter, Ann,
wife of Robert Miles, esq. late of Sal-
combe Regis.
April 18. At Ilfracombe, a^ed 90,
Elizabeth, widow of James Richards,
esq.
April 20. At Churchstanton, aged
77, the relict of Samuel South wood, esq.
April 23. At Ogwell House, aged 12
months, Cecilia Catharine, dau. of Sir
Richard Flasket.
April 25. At Exmouth, aged 71, John
Trenchard, esq. solicitor.
April 27. At Wear House, near Exe-
ter, Susanna Catharine, widow of Admi-
ral Sir J. T. Duckworth, Bart. G.C.B.
She was the dau. of the Rt. Rev. W. Bul-
ler. Lord Bishop of Exeter ; became the
second wife of Adm. Duckworth in 1808,
and had issue the present Baronet, and an-
other son who died in infancv.
Lately. At Molland-house, near
Southmolton, aged 86, Mr. Henry Quart-
ly, extensively known through the
counties of Devon and Somerset as an
eminent agriculturist, and respected for
his sterling integrity of character.
Dorset. — April 15. At Sturminster
Marshall, at an advanced age, William
Mackerell, esq.
Lately. At Weymouth, aged 54, Wm.
Garland, esq. a member of the Corpora-
tion of Dorchester.
At Lyme Regis, aged 88, Major Knott,
an old inhabitant of that town.
May 16. At Swanage, aged 84, Na-
than Chinchen, esq.
AJay 17. At Bradford rectory, the wife
of the Rev. Mr. Grant.
Essex.— -4;/n7 22, At the vicarage,
White Xotley, aged 89, Sarah, wife of
the Rev. John Dennis, dau. of the late
Rev. C. Gretton, Rector of Springfield.
April ^4. Aged 88, Jane, relict of
James Andrews, esq. of Romford.
GLorcEBTER.— i4/;rt7 20. At Bristol,
Richard Darvill, esq. late of the 7ch
Hussars.
April 21. Martha, relict of Charles
Harford, esq. of Bristol.
Lately. At Lvdney, aged 61, Sarah,
wife of T. Shcasby» esq. of that olace,
and sister to Dr. Holbrook, of Mon-
mouth.
May 3. At Clifton, aged 86, Mrs.
Bridget Becher Swymmer.
May 4. Aged 30, John Rogers, esq.
Editor of the Cheltenham Chronicle.
HAVTS.-^April 27. Aged 17, Ed-
ward, eldest son of C. Davies, esq. of
Southampton ; and. May 3, at Warmin-
ster, aged 20, Henrietta, second daughter
of the said C. Davies, esq.
Lately. At Newport, Isle of "Wiffbt,
aged 97, Mr. Wm. White. Mr. White
was formerley possessor of the Wendon
Mills, and was noted for his ^reat strength,
having on one occasion earned the enor-
mous weight of 21 bushels of flour (lOf
cwt.)
Near Famham, Major- General Sir
James Campbell, of the Royal Marines.
He was knighted b]^ his late Migestjr, and
invested with the insignia of a Knight
Commander of the Guelphic Order. His
commission as Major- General bore date
1825.
The relict of Wm. Courtney, esq. of
Bransbury house.
At Southsea, in his 40th year, Mr. W.
Keene, comedian (commonly called the
African Roscius).
Herts.— .4^; 2a At White JLodge,
East Bamet, aged 66, Jefferies Spranger,
esq.
May 5. At Northaw, aged 08, Mrs.
Le Blanc, widow of Thomas Le BfauiCt
esa. of Cavenham, Sufiolk.
Hunts.— il/oy 10. At Hontiogdim,
aged 79, James Morton, M.D. many
years alderman of that borough.
Kent. — April 17. At Goudhurst,
aged 80, Ralph Oakden, sen. esq.
ApHl 21. At Ramsgate, in his 28th
year, AlexanderEllice, esq. barrister-at-law^
April 22. At Strood, aged 71, Ni-
cholas Crisp, esq. for many years Cham-
berlain of the Rochester Oyster Fishery.
April 23. At Ramsgate, aged 63; Blary
Anne, window of Henry Beny, esq. late
of Bemard-st. Russell-square.
ApHl 28. At Dover, Harriet, ymmgest
dau. of the late Robert Phipps, esq. of
AValthamstow*
April 30. At Gravesend, aged 49,
Edm. Mills, esq. of Binfield-lodge, Berks.
Lancaster. — April \7, At Man-
chester, aged G8, Charles Bedford, esq.
only surviving son of the late Thomas
Bedford, Rector of Pbilleigh, Cornwall.
Leicester. — April 7. At the residence
of his son-in-law, James Abbey, esq.
Lubbcnham, aged 66, Thomas Clark, esq.
formerly of Broughton near Kettering.
^pril 20. At Luttenvorth, aged 61,
Elizabeth, widow of Richard Watson,
esn.
Middlesex. — April 3. At Dr. StiU-
well'i lunatic asylum near Uxbridge, aged
77, Granville William Wheeler Medhurst,
esq. of Medhurst-hall, Yorkshire. Of
this gentleman some account will be found
in the Gent. Mag. for 1800, p. 792; he
had been in confinement from that year,
when he was tried at York assizes for the
murder of his wife, and acquitted on the
pica of insanity. His fortune (said to
amount to 7000/. per ann. and including
the township of Kippax) has devolved on
his grandson, Francis Hastings Medhurst,
now under sentence of three years* im-
prisonment for the manslaughter of his
schoolfellow Joseph Alsop, at Hayes, on
the 9th March 1839.
Salop. — May 9. At the Lodge, Ed-
ward Salway, esq.
Somerset. — April 7. At Bishop's
Hull, near Taunton, aged 47, Mrs. Win-
ton, wife of the Rev. R. Winton.
^pril IJ. At Bridgwater, aged 89,
Robert Evercd, esq.
April 2\. At Martock, aged 79, the
widow of Robert Patten, esq. of Hatton
Garden.
April 30. At Bath, aged 70, Samuel
Slack, esq.
lAittly, At Shepton, aged 103, John
Scott. When 100 years old he reaped an'
aero of wheat in two days with ease.
At Bath, liady Anna Maria Lumley,
»>i.*»tfr of the Earl of Scarborough.
Si'RHK..— /l/arcA W. The wife of
Rowland Edward Williams, esq. of Wes-
ton.grove, second daughter of Major-
Gen. Sir Patrick Ross.
April 27. At Worplesdon, at the re-
sidence of her son-in-law, Lieut. Smith,
R.N. aged 83, the relict of Joseph
Ho<*klcy, sen. esq. of (fuildf'ord, and
mother of the late Town Clerk of that
borough.
April 28. At Sutton, aged 72, Henry
James .Stubbs, esq.
Elouisa Hodg^on, dau. of William
Hodgson, esq. of Lower Mitcham, and
grand -daughter ol the late William Sims,
f-q.
AprtldO, Aged 63, Mary, the wife
Obitcahy.
667
of Isaac Ennos, esq., of Jolly-lodge^
Kingswood.
Lately, Aged 61, John Boulding,
esq. of Egham bill-cottage.
SU88BX. — April 21. At St. Leo-
nard's-on-Sca, at the residence of ber
son, John Harwood, M.D. aged 73, Mrs.
Harwood.
April 23. At Bunivasb, Ann Dyke,
wife of Capt. H. H. Haviland.
^prif 25. At East Bourne, affed 67,
Catharine Ann, relict of J. J. Lanyon,
esq. of that place.
April 2S. At Seaford, aged 79, the
widow of James Brooker, esq.
Lately, At Chichester, in his 78th year,
J. Goodman, esq.
Warwick.— J/;rt7 27. At Warwick,
aged 73, Mary, youngest daughter of the
late Harry Barnes, esq., of Ombersley.
Wilts. — April 10. At Bishopstrow,
Mr. T. H. Griffith, solicitor, ^oungeat
son of the late Rev. Dr. Griffith, of
Warminster.
April 19. At Seend, aged 74, Ame-
lia, widow of J. Scbomberv, esq. Cap-
tain and Commissioner, R.N.
April2\. At Semington, Melksbam,
aged 84, Hester, widow of Wm. Brugea,
esq.
Wales. — April 2\. At Swansea, in
his 30th year, Robert Symonds, esq. of
Clapham road.
Lately. At Margam, Glamorganshire,
William Llewellyn, esq. one of the oldest
surgeons in the navy, and a magistrate for
the county.
Scotland. — April 4. At Linlitbflow,
John Boyd, esq. of Woodside, Clerk of
the Peace for the county of Linlithgow.
April Xo. At Peterhead, John Low,
esq. of Euston Square, London.
April 17. At Inverailort, the wife of
Major. Gen. Sir Alexander Cameron,
K.C.B. and Deputy Govenior of St.
\iawes
April 22. At Edinburgh, Archibald
Swiiiton, esq. Writer to the Signet.
April 2.3. At Belgarvie, in childbed,
in her 19th year, the Hon. Mrs. Fred.
Scrymgeour Wedderbum. 5th dau. of
Lord Viscount Arbutbnot. She wai
married in 1839.
lately. In Edinburgh, the widow of
General Sir David Dundas.
Ireland. — Jan. 16. At Lismutleii
park, CO. Meath, in his 70th rear. Sir
Charles Drake Dillon, Bart, and a Baron
of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the
eldest surviving son of air John the first
Burt. M.P. lor Blcssington, by Milli-
eent, dau. of Roger Drake, of Kernhill, co.
Berks, ev\. succeeded bis father in 1805;
and wa) twice married, first in 1792 to
666
Ubituahy.
[Jane^
Charlotte, daii. of John lluniiltoii, esq.
Secrc tary tit War in Iri-land ; and secondly
in Ibd) to Sanih, widow of the Kev. J.
C. Miller, V.l). Hector of Alilton, co.
Npn. but hud no ibsue. He is succeeded
by his brother Lieut.- Gen. Arthur H.
Dillon.
Auril 10. At Killough. co. Down,
aged bO, Marsarct, relict ot l^apt. Turner,
of the oi\\ lioyal Veteran Battalion, for-
merly a resident of Salisbury.
April 17. At Belfast, Sarah, youngest
daughter of the late (I. W. Hall, esq. of
Sneed Park, near Bristol.
Ijatoly. — Near Listowel, Kerry, in her
97th year, Dom, lust surviving daughter
of the late John Hewson of Ennisniore,
CM. This venerable gentlewoman was
neice to the lute Knight of Kerry, and a
dcscendaikt of the celebrated und long
lived Countess ot Desmond. Her mother
was the sister of the grandmother of
Lord Mounteagle.
William Browne, esij. of Browne's
Hill. He first married in 17il4>, Lady
Charlotte Bourkc, h sister of the
Earl of Mayo, by whom he had a nu-
merous issue, and secondly in 1813 Lady
Letitia Toler, sister to the late P^arl
of Norbury, by whom also he had issue.
He is succeeded in his extensive estates
by his eldest son, II. C. Browne, esq.
The Right Hon. William Gregory, of
Coole, county of Galwuy, formerly Under
Secretary for Ireland. A pension ot
^\&L devolves to the Civil List by his
death.
Abroad. — A'or. 'io, 1838. At Bou-
logne-sur.]\Ier, France, Kate, wife of
John Hanson, esq. formerly of Grimoldby
Hall, county of Lincoln.
July 28, 1839. On her passage to South
Australia, Elizabeth, wife of Edmund
Morton, Esq. sixth daughter of Lieut.-
Gen. Walker, of Lime Park, Sidmoutb.
Sept. 9. At the Cape of Good Hope,
Adelaide, youngest daughter of Hear..
Adm. the Hon. G. Elliot, Naval Com-
mander-in-chief at that station.
Oct, 12. In the Chinese Seas, in en-
deavouring to reach the shore from the
wreck of the Sunda, James Ilbery, Esq.
of Doughty-st.
Oct, 25. At Launceston, Van Die-
men's Land, in his 65th year, Thomas
Henty, Esq. formerly of West Tarring,
Sussex.
Oct.,., At Mohammed- Ali-Polis, in
^enaar, M. Lefevre, travelling corres-
pondent to the Museum of Natural His-
tory in Paris. He was commissioned by
the Egyptian government to search for
the metallic mines supposed to exist in
Senaar.
Nov, 20. In Calabar River, West
Africa, Henry, second son of Henry
Sealy, esq. of Bristol ; and Jan, 2, fga bis
passage home from thence* John Pri-
dcaux, fourth son of the late Wm. Sealy,
esq. of Shirehampton.
Jan. 3. On his passage borne from
Madras, aged 33, Capt. Thomas Coles,
16th N. Inf. second son of Charles Coles,
es(|. Clapham.
Jan, 4. At Calcutta, aged 18, EMana
Kochfort, daughter of John Hadley
D'Oyly, esq. of the East India Com-
pany's Civil Service.
Jan. 16. At Ncemuch, Lieut. G. J.
Brietzcke, 49th Bengal N. Inf. youngest
son of the late G. P. Brietzcke, esq. of
the Secretary of State's Office, Home
Department.
At Bombay, Capt. Laing, senior Cap-
tain 26th N. Inf.
Jan. 26. At Camp Sukker, on the
Indus, Lieut. Hugh Halkett, Queen's
Royals, Aide de Camp to Major. Gen.
Willshire.
Jan, 30. At Madras, in his 81st year,
Thomas Green tree. Mil. Est., eldest son
of Thomas Greentree, esq. late Mem-
ber of Council in St. Helena.
At the Island of Ascension, of fever,
caught on the shores of Sierra Leone,
aged 27, Henry Bond, late of H. M.
brig Leveret, fourth son of the late
Rear-Adm. F. G. Bond.
At Bologna, Lady Sophia Butler,
daughter of Brinsley Earl of Lanes-
borough and Lady Jane Rochfort, of the
Belvidere family. Lady Sophia Butler
was born in Dublin, 19th of September,
1769, and married in 1787 the Marchese
Ludovico Marescotti.
Jan. 31. At Paris, in her 70th year.
Lady Theodosia Bligfa. Her Ladyship
was the second daughter of John thira
Earl of Darnley, and sister to the first
wife of the present Marquess of London-
derry. Her Ladyship was married in
1790, to T. C. Bligh, esq. by whom she
has left a family.
Feb. 1. At Florence, aged 67, the
Hon. Caroline- Catharine-Letitia, ¥nfe of
Lieut. Col. Alcock, and aunt to Viscount
Doneraile. She was the 4fth daughter
of St. Leger the 1st Viscount, ana was
married in 1802.
At the Cape of Good Hope, aged SS^
James Dunbar, esq. son to the late Sir
George, and brother of Sir William Rowe
Dunbar, of Mochrum, Bart.
Feb, 5, At Aux Cayea, Hartl, aged
29, John D. Zimmer, esq* her Britannic
Majesty's Vice Consul at that port.
Feb, 7. Ac Amsterdam, aged 60^ Ro-
bert Melvil, esq. her Britannic Majesty's
Consul at that place.
Feb, 9. At Dusseldorf , Prussia, in ber
20th year, Fanny, daughter of H. C.
Berkeley, esq.
184().]
Obituary.
669
Feb, 10. At Cuddalore, in his 2Ut
year, Charles Whitworth Allen Dance,
esq. MadraB civil service, second son of
('Ol. Sir Charles Webb Dance, K.H., of
J3arr House, near Taunton.
At BouIogne-sur-Mer, aged 46, Lieut.
Cunningham Douglas, formerlj of the
18th Foot.
Feb. 13. On his passage from Gibraltar,
n^'ed '24', William Glutton Marshall, esq.
Jjieiit. i6th Regiment.
Feb. 17. In Paris, Col. Sir Robert
Steele, Knt. K. C. S. Deputy Lieutenant
of Dorset.
Feb. 18. At Malta, in his 39th year,
A. W, Alilvvard, commander of her Ma-
jesty's steam -ship Hydra, eldest surviving
son of the late J. Milward, esq. of Brom-
ley, Middlesex.
At Stettin, Princess Elizabethof Bruns-
wick. She was born on the 8th of No-
vember, 1 7k), and was married in l76j
to the (.Town Prince, afterwards Frede-
rick William XL King of Prussia, but
divorced from him in 17G9. She was the
only surviving princess of the house of
Urun-iwiek-Wolfenbuttle, of which the
only members now living are the reigning
Duke and his brother (yharles.
Feb. 19. At Boulogne, Kdward Ste<
pheuison, esq. lute Major of the lancers
in the SiNtniNh Legion, and formerly of
the Madras (>avalry.
At Bordeaux, aged 18, Jane Charlotte,
eldest daughter of the late Thomas Hun-
way Bigge, esq. of Little Benton,
Northumberland.
Feb, 'ji'i. At Lisbon, Anne, third
diiughtcr of (ieorge Aibuthnot, esq. of
Upper Wimpole-iiireet.
Feb. 'H. At Rome, the Hon. Frances
(-atharine Mackenzie, second daughter of
the late Lord Seufortli.
On his passage Iroin New York, aged
.'H, Henry CUrke, esq. of Hackney.
Feb. '^Q. At i*aris, .Mary, eldest
daughter ot Kdward Huddleston, esq. of
Purse (.'aundle, Dorset, and niece of
Richard Huddleston, of Sauhton Hall,
Cambridge, e^q.
Feb. 28. At Pari-, aged 8J, John
Stephenson, esa.
Luteiy. In Paris, from the cfTects of
a gun*shot wound, received forty years
since, Marshal Maikon.
At Buulogne-fiur.Mcr, Mr. R. W.
Sharp, a celebrated painter.
At .Montreal, Anne, wife of the Hon.
T. Pothler, and daughter of the latu Col.
Bruycre.'*, R. E.
At Paris, M.dc Luzy, for nearly twenty
veurs secretary to the Royal Academy of
Nlusic.
At Malta, aged 64, Capt. Eliaa Brooka
Tbaine, formerly of the lOtb Foot.
M. Jules Godefroy, the clever autiior
of two auccessful pieces recently produced
in FtmB-^DiadeMU at the Open Co.
mique, and La ChoMte Boyali at tho
Renaissance.
In Paris, the Prince Narishkin.
March 3. At Mannheim, James Ko-
cheid, esq. of Inverleith.
At Jubalpore, Ensign John Carr, lltk
Madras N. Inf. eldest son of the late
Rev. John Carr, master of Durham
Grammar School.
At Madras, James Thomas, esq. civil
service.
March 1. At Suez, on his way from
Aden to Europe, aged 23, Ensign
Thomas Shaw Sorell, 1st Bombay Euro-
pean Regiment, second son of Lieut.-
Col. Sir T. S. Sorell.
March 3. At Bagueres, near Pau,
France, Elizabeth, second daughter of
the late Rev. Samuel Clapham, of Christ
Church, Hants.
March 4. At Rome, aged 80, Pro-
fessor Dominico Pellegrini, of the Aca-
demy of St. Luke, lie has left all his
collections, tftc. to the Academy.
March G. At Genoa, Robert Camp-
bell, esq.
March 10. At Montreal, Lower Ca-
nada, aged 51, William Cahusac, esq.
March 13. At Amsterdam, aged 68^
Catherine, relict of the Rev. Alexander
Mac Intosh, D,D,
At Houlogne-sur- Mer, aged 60, Lucre-
tia, relict of John Philipps, esq.
March 15. On his passage home,
(rcorge Augustus Harrison, Uapt. 41st
Madras N. Inf. sixth son of J. B. Har»
rison, esq. of Southampton.
March 18. In Newfoundland, aged
88, William Carter, esq. Judge of the
Vice- Admiralty Court of that Island, the
arduous duties of which office he dis-
ehar^'ed for fifty-two years with zeal and
lidelity.
March 20. In Paris, aged 76, Vandael,
the eminent dower-painter.
March 24. At Capicure, aged 39,
James, second son of Mr. James Sheeny
late of Holborn-hi!l.
March 29. Near ColM^ne, aged 33,
Frances, wife of Col. Von UraveU,
K. St. v., J. C. Sec. dau. of the late
Rev. J. L. Chirol, M. A. of Croydon.
Lately, At Madeira, two hours after
giving birth to a daughter. Surah Chris*
tian, wife of G. B. Leacock, esq. of that
isknd, and daughter of Henry Sealy, esq,
of Bri.^tol.
At St. C'eniin, in the 120th vcnr of hie
age, Antoine Dei|>cuch. He had served
during the succession war of Austria,
under the orders of Marshal de Saxc. On
the 11th May, J7A be fought at Fon.
670
Obituary.
tenoy, where liis entire conii)any, com-
manded by Jciin de Caloiine, was de-
stroyed, with the exception only of him-
self and four others.
At Bremen, aged 81, the celebrated
astronomer Gibers.
At Paris, aged 56, Doctor Biett, Head
Physician to the Hospital of St. Louia,
supposed to huve fallen a victim to his
exertions during the cholera.
In Honduras, a nephew of the poet
Crabbe.
At Washington, Commodore Isaac
Chauncey, of the American navy, well
known for his intrepidity in the war of
1813, on the Canadian Lakes, against the
British forces. He was President of the
Board of Navy Commissioners.
[Jnney
April 2. At Nantes, aged 78^ Jamei
Tobin, esq.
April 8. At Paris, Marianne Silves-
tra, eldest daughter of the Kev. John
Coles, Rector of Silchester, Hants.
April 10. At Boulogne-sur-Mer, aged
71, Michael Eaton, esq. late of Sitting-
bourne, Kent
At sea, on her passage to Corfii, Dora
Elizabeth, wife of Major Clavell Slvaeld,
K.H. of the King's Royal 60th Rifle
Corps.
April 13. At Boulogne, Henry Shep-
herd Pearson, esq. late of Springfield
Lodge, Bucks.
April 18. At Boulogne-sur-Mer, aged
49, Anne Rose, wife of CoL W. L.
Darling.
ADDITIONS TO OBITUARY.
Vol, XII. p. 422. The property left
by Sir John Ramsden is prodigious. His
grandson, the young Baronet, eleven or
twelve years of age, succeeds to 120,000/.
per annum. 500,000/. is divided amongst
his three son a, 40,000/. to each of his
daughters, and to his widow the residence
at Byrom, with 8,000/. per annum.
P. 515. By the will of the late Peter
BacoHy esq., besides the munificent sum of
10,000/. in India Stock, worth about
24,800/. to the London University,
1,000/. is bequeathed to Homerton Col-
lege; 1,000/. to Highbury College ; 1,000/.
to the Congregational School at Lewis-
ham ; 100/. to the Rev. Joseph Fletcher,
D.D., Stepney ; 100/. to the Independent
Meeting at Stepney ; and a similar sum to
each of the schools in connexion with that
place. The estate, consisting principally
of India Stock, and Government securi*
ties, is expected to realize upwards of
100,000/.
Vol. XIII. p. 305. The will of
Samuel Lot d Bithop of JAchfield passed
the seal of the Prerogative Court to the
Rev. Thomas Butler, his son and sole
executor. The personal property was
under 30,000/. The will is dated in June,
1835, when the deceased was head-master
of the grammar-school in Shrewsbury, and
the codicil in August 1838. The whole
of the property is divisible among his
children.
P. 329. Mr. Oldham was the engraver
to the Bank, and previously to the Bank of
Ireland, for many years, and was not less
celebrated for his convivial powers. Until
his invention for checking the number of
notes printed, and for preventing forgery,
was adopted by the Bank of England,
they had no positive means of effectually
stopping the latter, or of telling the num-
ber of notes struck off by their printing
presses. Mr. Oldham was in possession
of a large salary, with the right of rever-
sion of a portiou of it to his son.
P. 543. Rear-Adm, Tatham entered
the navy on board H.M.S. Stag the 7th
Sept. 1769; was promoted to the rank of
Lieutenant 6th Dec. 1776, and to that of
Commander 2l8t Sept. 1790. In last
line but two, /or " Hornby Castle near
Leeds,*' read near Lancaster. Second
col. line 4,/or " esq." read •* gent.**; line
6, for Gargrove read Gargrave. Line 14,
read as follows. At the Vork Spring
Assizes in 1830 an issue from the Court
of Chancery was tried Devisavit vel non,
the result of which was a verdict in favour
of the will, and the consequent dismissal
of the bill in Equity; but further pro-
ceedings at Common Law were taken, ife,
A dm. Tatham married Anne, daughter
of John Davison, esq. M.D. late of Not-
tingham. He has devised his estates to
his kinsman Pudsey Dawson, esq. of
Sinnington Manor, co. York.
Ibid. 3. Adm. JtoUee was Fict-Ad-
miral of the Red, having attuned that
rank in 1825.
P. 545. The funeral of Dr. Goodali
took place on the. 2d of April, when his
body was interred in the provost's vault
at Eton College Chapel; the pall sup-
ported by the followHnff Canons of Wind-
sor :— The Revs. C. Digby, Hon. H. O.
Cust, C. Proby, D. F. Afarkliam,W. Can-
ning, E. G. Moore. All the Fellows and
Masters of the College were present, with
more than forty of the deivy, and many
gentry uf the neighbourhood. The pro-
cession was preceded by the whole of
the students on the foundation, new!/ 70
1840.]
Obituary,
671
in number, in hatbandt and cloaks, and
the interior of the choir was occupied
by upwards of 500 oppidans and the
numerous families of those connected
with the college. A subscription has been
formed to erect a monument in Flton
College Chapel, to the memonr of the
late Provost. At the head of the list
stands the name of her Majesty the Queen
Dowager, and amongst the subscribers
are the Dukes of Northumberland, Buc-
cleuch, Buckingham and Chandos, and
Newcastle ; the Marquesses Wellesley and
Downnhire ; Earls of Malmesbury, Fowis,
Dartmouth, Comwallis, Brecknock,
Howe, Burlington, EUenborough, Brown-
low, and Eomney ; Lords Braybrooke,
Bolton, Lyttelton, Methuen, and Sydney
Osborne ; Bishops of Winchester, Ban.
gor, Carlisle, and Chester, &c. &c. It ia
expected that more than ;^,000 will be
ultimately subscribed. Throughout a long
and useful life Dr. Goodall was celebrated
for many unostentatious acts of benevo-
lence. Amongst these may be mentioned
his founding a scholarship of fifty pounds
per annum, to be held for four years at
either of the Universities of Oxford or
Cambridge.
P. 558, col. 2; for Baron Winn r$ad
Baron Headley. The funeral of Lord
Headley took place on the 16th of April,
when his body was deposited in the vault
of the new Protestant church at Aghadoe.
BILL OF MORTALITY, from April 28 to May 26, 1840.
Christened.
Males 516
Females 526
I
1042
Buried.
Males 524 )
Females 519 S
Whereof have died under two years old ...276
V 1
2
5
10
20
and
and
and
and
30 and
40 and
10
20
30
40
50
104
63
48
76
103
50 and 60 77
60 and 70 97
70 and 80 78
80 and 90 26
90 and 100 2
AVERAGE PRICE OF CORN, by which the Duty is regulated, May 22.
Wheat.
#. d.
68 8
Barley.
t, d.
39 6
Oats.
#. d.
26 0
Rye.
#. d.
37 4
Beans.
t. d.
42 11
Peas.
#• d.
41 7
PRICE OF HOPS, May 22.
Sussex Pockets, 2/. Ot. to 31, 5t.— Kent Pockets, 2/. 2t. to 5/. 15ff.
PRICE OF HAY AND STRAW AT SMITHFIELD, May 26.
Hay, 4/. Of. to 4/. I5# Straw, 1/. 16*. to 2/. 2#.— Clover, 3/. 10*. to 5/. ISt.
S M I T H FI E LD, May 25. To sink the Offal— per stone of Slbs.
Beef 3*.
Mutton 4*.
Veal 5».
Pork 4*.
Lamb ^•
4d. to 4*. 8J.
Od, to 5*. 2d.
Od, to 5*. Sd.
U. to 5*. id,
Od, to 7f. Od,
Head of Cattle at Market, May 25.
Beasts 1613 Calves 189
Sheep and Lamb825^490 Pigg 005
COAL MARKET, May 25.
Walts Ends, from 16*. Od. to 22*. 9d. per ton. Other sorts from 16'. 0^. to 80«. 01.
TALLOW, per cwt.— Town Tallow, 50*. Od, Yellow Russia, 50*. 6J.
CANDLES, 8*. Od. per doz. Moulds, 9*. 6d.
PRIC£S OF SHARES.
At the Office of WOLFE, Bkotherb, Stock and Share Brokers,
23, Change Alley, Comhill.
Birmingham Canal, 217. Ellesmere and Chester, 82i. Grand Junetlo
150. Kennet and Avon, 261 Leeds and Liverpool, 760. Regent's, 12
Rochdale, 105. London Dock Stock, 661- St. Katharine's, 100. East
and West India, 104. Liverpool and Manchester Railwiv, 183. Grand June-
lion Water Works. 66|.- West Middlesex, 96. Globe Insurance, 125.——
Guardian, 37§. Hope, 5i, Chartered Gas, 57. Imperial Gas, 54 .
PhflsnU Gas, a0|. Independent Gas, 50. General United Gas, 34. Canada
Land C<HDpany, 35.— ^RcTenionvy Interest, 13i.
METEOROLOGICAL DIAItV, by W.CARY, Stramd,
From April 2G lo JUay Sj, 11)40, Mh iwlaHve.
ilirmluif. liHTm. ,1 F»lin'iihcif« Tb«nn.
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11
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59
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58
, 11 do. do. rein
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69
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! i
I I
DAILY I'KICE QV STOCKS,
^5 1
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i
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m
91
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91
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I, FEDtnu, i&, rAUumn-fimBr.
INDEX
TO ESSAYS, DISSERTATIONS, AND HISTORICAL FASSAGJ
%* T%e principal Memoirs in the Obituary are distinctly entered in
tlie ** Index to Essays,**
Ahhoisford Club, meeting of 303
Ahigenses, MSS. found relating to the
Crusade against the 406
Admimsfration of Justice Bill 640
Africa^ attack upon the French Colony
at Algeria 80, 642
Agas^s Map of Dunwich, 450.
Agricultural Society, Royal 514
/Albert i Prince, parliamenta^'y proceed-
ings relatinf( to his naturalization and
provision 194, 305, 306. his arrival at
Dover 308. marriage ih,
Allen, J. memoir of 2J4
Amardkockay by M. Loiseleur-Deslong-
champs 406
/^mmca, incendiary fires at Mobile 81.
destruction of the Exchange at New
Orleans by fire 531
Anastasi Collection at Brit. Mus. 77
Antarctic Expedition, progress of the 631
Antiguanes, Society of, proceedings of 73,
191, 304,416, 518,633
Antiquities, description of an engraved
piece of crystal 73. also a small cup,
silver gilt ib. several relics ascribed to
Charlemagne tZr. drawings of sepulchral
brasses 74. dissertation on Runes ib,
seal of the Cathedral Church of Lich-
field 76. Psalter of the 15th Century
ib. paintings discovered in Barfreston
church ib. silver reliquary 304. Roman
urns found in Kent ib. Roman inscrip-
tion di-icovered on the coast of Glamor-
gan, ib. gold ring found in Rhosilly
sands, Glamorganshire 368. antiqui«
ties found near Brighton 416. Roman
skeleton found in Bow Lane 420. two
ancient guns found at Dover 518. gold
ornaments discovered in a pyramid at
Meroe 633. relics found in the lime-
stone hills, Yorkshire ib, antiquities
found in a barrow of the Bartlow &:roup
634. ^ ^
Aphidna, site of the city of 1 83
Arabian Nights, translation of into Hin-
dustani 407
Archaeology, Egyptian, works on 420
Architects, Royal Institute of British,
meetings of 72, 302, 632
Architecture of the Nineteenth Century,
409
Argyle, Duke of, memoir of 86
Armour and Arms (English) in the reigns
of Eliz. and Jas. I. 343
Arnold, Lt.-Col. memoir uf 435
Art Union, meeting of the 623
Gent. Mag. Vol. XIII.
Athos, Mount, monasteries at 419
Bdbington*s Conspiracy, charges of
prosecution 491
Bacon, P. will of 670
Banking Committee appointed 422, '
BafTow, ancient, opening of 78
Bath, new chapel in Avon-street 81
Beauclerk, J, memoir of 332
Beding, Lower, Sussex, Chapel erecti
at 81
Beer Bill 527
Belgium, tower of the Hotel d'Egmont
demolished 638
Belt, R, memoir of 213
Beresford, Lord G, memoir of 89
Berkshire Ashmolean Society 63 1
Bibles, extensive purchases of old Bibles
by the Duke of Lucca 406
Biographical Dictionary, New Generalr
Mr. Corney's strictures upon 585
Birmingham, description of the church
of St. Peter's 311. damages awarded
for riots in 424
Bishop, Rev. S. vindication of 487
Blackburne, Major- Gen, Sir W. memoir
of 92
Blunt, Sir C. R. memoir of 430
Bond, F. G. memoir of 321
Booksellers* Provident Institution 5 1 4
BosstteVs Exposition, correction respect-
ing 472, 562
BoswelVs Johnson, notes on 353
Botanical Society, meeting of the 71,408
Bow £>/i72f,Roman skeleton found in 420
Bremhill CAi/rc^, Trt/^*,antiquities in 2T I
Bricks, moulded, of the reign of Henry
VIII. 46
Brimscombe, new church at 533
Bristol, first common seal of 338
— ^— Cathedral, re-opening of 643
British Institution, exhibition of 5 1 1
Museum, purchase of a statue for
518
Britons, Ancient, polytheism of the 134.
druidical remains in Yorkshire 135
Brougham, E. death of 221
Buckingham, Duke of, bis collection of
pictures removed to the gallery at
Stow 188
Budget, the 640
Burdett, Sir C, W. memoir of 647
Burghley, Lord, not a Romanist 246
Butler, Dr, Samuel, Bishop of Lichfield,
memoir of 203. will of 670
Byim, Maj. A. E. memoir of 435
Caldwell, Maj. - Gen, Sir A. memoi r of 206
4R
074
Index to Essatfi, &c.
(Uimhrulfie Jnthpinrittn S^H'i^•^^f, meeting
Camden SiH'icft/^ iii^titutiun uf
7^. inr«*tiiic;n of 515, <i35
^ 'n 1 rf I** f /^, |)r I /.(r BiibjpctsGdjldO
i'umHcn Sm'irt^, iinclifi^ of G^O
(.iinuda (ivrernmmt Hill .*iC(>, 5*9
Canadian CIcrftjf Reterres <i39
Can7ion, ancient ^ (i>uitd in the Uland of
W III I If « , LaiiC. 78
Cantt'rturt/ Cathedral ^ repairs at 82
Cartoons, exhibition of *104
Cervetri, imperial itaturi found at4 18.^36
Champagni, (Jem. Sir J. memoir of 549
Champnejft, Sir T. S. M. memoir of 205
ChartemagnOf account of relicn ascribed
to 73
Ckarlei I. appearance on bin disinter-
ment 196, 3S6. Queen llenrietia'ii re-
ception of the tidings of hit death, r.7
account of various expenses when
Prince, 493
-^— -— Il.qf Spain, character of GIO
Chartists, trial of, at Monmouth 108,
motion for pardon, 493. further out-
breaks of the Chartists 198. sentence
pRS«ed upon the 539
Chatham, Ld. 8peech»*s of 940. bis cha-
racter 56:). correspondence 5G8. his
poetry 575
CAWwf^/rtM^.descr ption of a ceiling in the
Black lioy Inn 4G9, 5G9
Philosophical Society, anni-
versary dinner 71
Chester, surnames of the Earls of 338
China, violent outrages against the En-
glish 195. war in 307, 493. parliamen-
tary proceedinKS respecting 5S8
Churcfies, new, 8 1 , G43
Church Kates, 306
Cirencester, Roman antiquities found
at 199
<ipi7 Engineers, Institution of, distribu-
tion of the premiums of the, 309
College of, election of
professors 515
Clarke, Sir S. sale of his pictures 694
Clennell, L. memoir of 437
Oifton, cavern found at St. Vincent's
rocks 494
Cocker, the Arithmetician, petition to the
Treasurer for reward granted him 493.
further particulars respecting 600, 603
Coffin, Mm. Sir Isaac, memoir of 205
Coins, ancient, forgery of 9. discovery of
coins MtBrampton near Huntingdon79.
collection of 490. Roman coins found
at Pevensey 520
Co/o^tf,fundset apart by the government
for the repair of the cathedral 80
Conjtdence in the Administration, motion
of want of 305
Const, F, memoir of 212
Constabulary Force of' England and
JVales 52G
Cooper, Sir F. G, memoir nf 647
Copyright Bill 30G, 307
Corn, importation of foreign 597
Couesnou, etymology of 598
Cjouncil of Trent, authority of iti de-
crees in matters of Faith 146. their
reception in France 147-151, S49,958.
In Germany 249, 259, 479
Cycles, Ancient, the use of the 181
Daniell, T, memoir of 549
Dauhvx, l« C. memoir of 819
Davison, fV, charges of his mitiiont into
Scotland 601
Denmark, Frederick King of, memoir
of 86
Desclieux, M, his generosity respecting
the coffee tree at Martinique 136
Dickenson, Capt. R. memoir of 434
Dickson, Affy,- Gen. Sir A. memoir of 650
Dorsetshire, Saxon Dialect of, observa-
tions on 31
Doyle Major- Gen. SirF. H. memoir of 90
Drummond, T. memoir of 656
Dudley, Earl of, Lt>tters to the Bp. of
Llandaff339. character of their au-
thor 341. and of bis letters 348. bis
opinion of Scott's novels 349. of
Lord Byron 343
Duff, Gen. Sir J, memoir of 319
Duff'erin and Claneboye, Ld. memoir of 88
Dunwich, Agas's Map of 450
Durham, MSS. from the Library of the
Cathedral 151
■ Gen. memoir of 651
Ecclesiastical Duties and Revemtes Bill
598
Edinburgh, PUt Prize awarded 688
Edward IF. Baker's account of bis mar-
riage 38
Elhabeth, Queen, Letters reUting to the
overture of marriage with the Due
D'Alen^on 191
Ellis, Sir IF. C. memoir of fl83
Enniskillen, Earl of, memoir of 538
Eton College, elections in 698
Evil, the King's, number of persons
touched in 1667» 493
Exchequer Records, mutilation of 4I8>
489. specimens of 489^496, 601—
GOG. sale of 495
Faqeer, meaning of the word 88
Fires. At Rufford Hall, Notta 196. the
Independent Chapel at Liverpool to-
tally consumed 494. fire at Pewterers*
Hall, Lime Street, ih. two destme-
tive fires in the village of Furdlngton
539. the Cork Theatre destroyed iSb,
fire at Rotberhitbe 649. at York
Minster 643
First Fruits and Tenths 498
Fitton, A. particulars respecting 509
Flour Importation (Ireland) Biii 307
Foster, Mrs. a Recusant at York^ narra-
tive of her sufferings 465
FoXf C J. an accomplished debatar 848
Judex to Essays^ S^c.
FramUngham Ca5^/f, account of 177
— — ^ Churchy monuments in 1 80
Francey regignation of the Ministers 307*
new Ministry formed 423. proceed-
ings in the Chamber of Deputies 530.
project for removing the ashes of the
Emperor Napoleon 641
FrancUf Sir P, his style of writing 233.
claimtothe authorship of Junius i&. 459
French Antiquarian Intelligence 417>
523, 637
French Historical Commission^ proceed-
ings of 156
■ - Literary Intelligence 513
Geological Societi/, meeting of the 407
Geology not at variance with Scripture
389
George III, remarks on his character by
Lord Brougham 239
Gerard, Capt. A. memoir of 324
Germany y extracts from Jahn's 137
CibsoUf the sculptor, works of 404
Gilbertf Davies, memoir of 208
Glamorgan, Roman Inscription found
at 304
Glynn Taff, Newbridge y new church at 82
Goethe's Table Talk 25
GoodaUy Rev. Dr. memoir of 545> 670
Gott, B. memoir of 323
Gounter Family, epitaph in Racton
Church, Sussex 599
Greek Monument purchased for the Brit.
Mus. 192
Greenwichy early traces of a royal resid-
ence at 21. palace rebuilt by Hum-
phrey, Duke of Gloucester i6. its
subsequent history 22 — 24. Hentz-
ner's account of, temp. Elizabeth 23.
consecration of Trinity Church 533
Gresham Lectures 513
Guisborough Priory, founder of 226
Gunpov>der Tieason, not justified by the
principles of the Church of Rome 280.
two letters illustrative of 416
Halkett, Adm. Sir P. memoir of 90
Hallam*s Literary History, remarks on
143, 249
Halliday, Sir A. memoir of 93
Hampton Court Palace, observations on
453
Hancock, Rear-Adm. memoir of 430
Hanover, new constitution proposed 530
Hastings, March'ness JDot&.memoir of 3 1 6
Hathaway, A. particulars respecting 451
Hay, Rev. W. R. memoir of 95
Hayter*s picture of the Coronation 404
Heresy, capital punishment of 252.
when last inflicted amongst Protest-
ants ib, Roman Catholic opponents
of 255
Heretics, keeping faith with 143
Herne^s Oaky identity of 243, 244, 381
Hersham, new Chapel at 82
■I -•
Hesse Homburg^ Landgravine of,
moir oT 315
Hewitt, Rt. Hon. Sir G, memoir oi
Hill, Capt. W. memoir of 431
Hilton, fK memoir of 213
Hincksman, J. memoir of 657
Hindoo Faqeers, sects and observa
of 28, 226
Holmes, Lt,-Col. S. memoir of 434
Holroyd, J. death of 216
Hoo, ancient barony of 338, parisl
677, and church of St. Werburga
Hope, H. P. memoir of 21 1
Horticultural Society, meeting of 630
"Hould of Humility,'* by J. 1
scarcity of and extracts from 385
Huddersfield, Roman antiquities found
near 521, 636
Hugo, Victor, Goethe's remarks on 25
Hypocaust, Roman, discovery of 521
India, Joudpore and Kurnaul surrendeiv
ed to the British 80. first stone laid
of a new Cathedral at Calcutta 195.
capture of Khelat 307. hurricane and
inundation on the coast of Pondicheriy
531. attack upon Peshoot t6.
Indian Army, vote of thanks to 421
Irish Cbrpoiations Bill 301,421, 422,639
Jackson, Dr. Cyril, character of by Lord
Dudley 347
Jahn*8 Historical Essay on Germany] 37
Jamaica, opening speech of the new
governor 8 1
/amtf« /. his learning 118. remarks on
bis proclamation on the observance of
the Sabbath 1 19. character of Anne
of Denmark ib. cause of the death of
Prince Henry 120
Job, Book of, thoughts on 184
Jones, Col, J. the Regicide, not related
to the Joneses of Chilton-grove 2. fur-
ther account 270, 381
Jortin, Dr, critique on 353. defence of
485
Junius*s Letters, their authorship 235,
564, and merits ib. claims of Sir
P. Francis 233, 459. review of pub-
lications respecting Junius 467. dis-
puted authfUiicity of his Miscella-
neous Letters 468
Kanturk, co. Cork, moving bog at 196
Kemp, Wilt, notice of 507
Kensington Literary Institution, lectures
for the season 191
King, Lt.'Gen. Sir H. memoir of 89
King's College, meeting of 628
Kingseote, Col. memoir of 322
Kingston, Earl of, memoir of 88
Klaproth, M. sale of the library of 406
Laesten, Jutland, articles of amber found
at 419
Lampadophoria, remains of the game
•till in existence 352
676
Index to Essays, i[C.
iMHfaMhire, ancient cannon found at
Wiihicy 7H. land reilaimrd 53'2
LMngnajfCf Saxon dialect of Dorsetshire
M
Jm Ptacty M, </«, account of 5f)5
tMveuham, Suffolk t epitaph in the
chorrhyard at 14^2
Levenihorpe Monumenlt in Sawbridge-
worth Church 141
I^ewit^ .4/. S. biuf^raphy of 169
Lincoln^ Roman inscripiitnis at 79
IMerary Characters, memorial* of 595
Fund, meeiii ^ of the 41^
Literature, Diary of a L'*verof 458
Jjtndon Itistitution, nnvtiiig of the 63^
Long, Sir li, letters written duriitg the
plat;ue (t05
Lyme and Seaton^ co. Dtvonshire, land-
slip at \i)Q
Lyttelton, Ladt/, death of 557
Maces, Official, meaning of inquired for
1GB. particulars respecting 4U1. their
antiquity and use 485
Mackie, Maj. IV, memoir of 208
Maclean, C. II. memoir of 94
■ Maj.' Gen. Sir J. memoir of 91
Mancelihie [Iju), eiymolo{;y of 598
Mansfield, Earl of, mansion of 4^8
AJS, Libraries, faie of ancient 151
Manzoni's Ode on tlie bth May, Goethe's
remarks on 25
Marathon, Battle of \^2
Markets, prices of 111, 223, 335, 447,
559,671
Marlborough^ Duke of , memoir of 537
MartJiall, Cheshire, new Chapel at 81
Martock, Somerset, new Chapel at, 643
Aleales, or Meols, mcanint; of 41
Melancfithofi, /Metiers of in existence 60
Meteorological Diary, 1 12, 224, 336, 448,
560, 673
Microscopical Society, meeting of the 408
Mile End, new Church at 82
— ^-^-^ New Town, new Church at 82
AJ ill on* s second Marriage, register of 597
AJonumental Inscriptions, suggestion re-
specting 450, 600
Alorley, Earl of, memoir of 539
Mortality, bill of 111, 223, 335, 447,
559,671
AlounVs Bay, ancient ship discovered at
79
Afowhray Inhei'itance, partition of the450
Aluch Cowarn Church, Hereford, struck
by lightning 308
Mummy, Egyptian, unrolling of 420
Naples, dispute with Great Britain re-
specting a monopoly of sulphur 530
Nasynyth, A. memoir of 658
Navy, f barges of ihe ships in the narrow
seas 1595, 492
Estimates 42 1
Neale, Adm, Sir H, B. memoir of
540
Necker, Atont. character of S31
Nelson's Monument, London, estimate 642
Newport, aliar piece for St. WoUos
Church 188
-^— Sir J, parliamentary proceedings
respecting his pension 421
Newspaper, Printed, error respecting the
earliest 61
Nonsuch, removal of the Exchequer
thither 606
North Meols, Lane, account of the pa-
rish of 41
North- ff^est Passage, discovery of the 630
Nour-Mahal, history of 361
Nova Scotia Baronets, precedence of 40,
114
Overbury, Sir T, opinions respecting his
death 122. his poetry 125
Ouford, memorial of Cranmer, Ridley,
and Latimer 412, 516. prizes awarded
627
Society of Gothic Architecture,
meetings of 72, 303, 411, 515
Painting, Old, discovered at Weymouth
188
Panoramas, of Versailles 188. of Benares
404
Paris, Archhp, of, memoir of 817
Parliament, proceedings in 193, 305, 421,
526, 639.
/'aiV/trnon, architecture andsculpture 51 9
Penny Postage, commencement of the
197, 532
Penrith, common seal of 360
Penshurst, pictures at 451
Perceval, extraordinary dream respecting
his murder 232
Peterborough, new gaol at 64S
Pevensey, Roman coins found at 520
Phillimore, Capt. Sir J. memoir of 659
Phillips, Capt. C. memoir of 432
Pictures, sale of Sir S. Clarke's 634
Pitt, Mr. letters to his parents 571-5
Pitts, IV. sculptor, memoir of 661
Plato's Banquet, elucidation of a passage
in 480
Poisson, Mons. memoir of SS%
Poole, A. and E,, particulars respect-
ing their confinement iu the Tower
491
Portugal, new ministry 80
Poyntz, W* S. memoir of 653
Presentation to Idvings in Scotland Bill
639
President, Steam Ship, the dimeusioDS
of 196
Prevost, Mons, memoir of 550
Ptinted Papers Bill A9% 5S6, 5S8, 529
Printing, remarks on its introduction
into Ireland 144. earliest at Dublin
ib, at Waterford 146
Prol^, Capt, W, H, B. memoir of 439
JJueens Speech 193
Ranuden, Sir J, property of 670
Index to Essays, 8(C>
]eeve, Mr, R, memoir of 325
legistration Vbtera Bill 639
egistration of footers (Ireland) Bill 526,
641
lennell, Dr. memoir of 654
Rhone, discoveries in the bed of the 637
RhdsiUy SandSf Glamorganshire, gold
Gothic ring found in 368
Richard8on*8 New English Dictionary,
answer to critical notice of 153
Rievaulx Abbey, catalogue of the MSS.
in the Library of 152
Rochester, John Earl of, certificate of
his death 494
Rolles, R, memoir of 543, 670
Roman Academy of Archteology 418, 636
■ College, fire iu the Library of the
406
Rome, merit of its ancient buildings 344.
description of St. Peter's by Lurd
Dudley 345
Royal Asiatic Society, meeting of 629
Exchange, designs for the 33
Society, meetings of the 70, 190,
407, 628
RuneSt Anglo-Saxon, dissertation on 73
Russia, declaration of war against the
Khan of Chiva 196. conflict between
the Russian and Chivian cavalry 424.
failure of the Russian Expedition 531
Sackoille, T. his poetical genius 121
St, Augustine*s Cante7'bury, catalogue of
MSS. in the Library of 152
St, Bartholomew by the Exchange, de-
scription of the Church of 461
St, Benet Fink Church, description of 463
St, Helen's, Lancashire, Church and Town
Hall opened at 82
St. Mary Aldermary, notice of 502
St. Thomases Hospital, first stone of a
new wing laid 532
Salonica, account of the town of 420
Sanctuaries in Bretagne and England 365
Savage, R, parentage of 596
Sawbridgeworlh Church , presumed Plan-
tagenet Monuments at, explained
away 140
Schutz, T, memoir of 95
Scott, Sir IV, correspondence with R.
Surtees 8. opinion of his novels by
Lord Dudley 342. Latin versus by,
translated 559
Seals, of Penrith 360 ancient Irish 419
Staton, Ld, Annuity Bill 527, 529
Sepulchral Monuments, preservation of
601
Shakespeare, contniversy respecting the
Orthography of 39, 161, 262, 264,369,
374, 379, 474, 591. disquisition on
the Tempest 49, 166. order of the
publication of his Plays 260. the
Quarto Editions ib, license to the
Duke of York's Company of Players,
1611, 268. illustrations of Sbakspeare
ib, pronuDciatiou of the name 270
Skahespeare, J, bit maker to Chi
documents respecting 604
Shares, prices of 1 1 1, 223, 335, 44
671
Shoreditch, old house at 520
Shottesbrooke Church, Berkshire, d€
tive account of 128
Sigalon, M, pictures by 404
Smith, fV. memoir of ^Q
Socialism, address to her Majesty up*
Somerset, early history of the bisbo
of 505
Southport, Lane, Topographical no
of 41
Southwark, Roman buildings in
great fire of in 1676, 359. old fo
St. George's Church 367
Southwold, litigation in iheborougbo
Spain, trifling rencontres in 80.
tinued war in 530, 642. new admiiiif.i
tration 530
Spalding Club, formation of the 302
Speen, Berks, new Church at 81
Stael, Madm, de, and M, de L, Tolenddi
595
Stair, Earl of, memoir of 647
Stalybridge, Cheshire, Church of St.
Paul's consecrated 81
Stanhope, Hon. L. memoir of 647
State Paper Office, errors in publications
from 295. Calendars of documents
in progress 245. their advisableness
discussed 383, 473, 584
Statistical Society, meeting of 514
Steele, Sir Richard, frte gift to from
Geo. 1. 494
Stockdale v. Hansard, Parliamentary
proceedings respecting the action of
194, 306,307, 422
Stocks, prices of 1 12, 224, 336, 448, 560,
672
Stonehenge, account of 273
Stour-Paine, Dorset, Roman Antiquities
found at 635
Sullivan, Rt. Hon. J, memoir of 428
Surrey, Earl of', monument of, in Fram-
lingham Church 180
Surtees, R, memoir of 3. Latin Poem
by 599
Sutton, T. birthplace of 1 14
Switzerland, Revolution in the Canton
of Ticino 80
Tatham, Rear-Adm, memoir of 543, 670
Testus Fluvius, ancient name of the
river Couesnon 598
Tlieatrical Register 3 1 1
Thierry, M. new work by 407
Thomhorough, Bucks, opening of an an-
cient barrow at 78
Thornton, Lt.'Gen, Sir W, memoir of 648
Thorpe, J, enquiries respecting 114
Tonge, near Middleton, N ewChurch at 8 1
Tooke, H, character of 237, 596
i or Toke, particulars respecting
the family of 37, 338
G7H
Indrx to Booki Revhwcd.
Topographical Societies, format imi uf (>31
Tower, The, cliarf!;ci uf the LieuteiiHiit
for the kefp uf the |irisoiiers in ISGB,
Treranion, J. T, P. B. memoir of 544
Trinity ColUget Dublin (>:i8. new kla-
lute in (>'.'7
Trollof>e, Sir fi. memnir of 320
Turner, Kee, O. mfmuir of 100
United Service Institution 5 1 3
University College, meeting of G28
yespa, Ruiiit ai \[)^
Victoria, (/uein, msirriige of 308
> and i'rince jflbert, minia-
ture porlr^iils uf 188
Ward, fy. J. memuir of 439
fl'arren, Hear- jf dm. Sir S. memoir of 02
ff^ebb. Col. memoir of 94
WeUh Alatiuscripts, jlncient. Society for
the publicatiun of 190
fFestminster Play, account of the 68
ff'idevitle, K. biograiihy of 38. ber
marriafce with Edward IV. i6.
Wilkinson, Cen. Sir fV. memoir of 651
Wiltshire Topographical Society 631
JVindham, chHracler of 229
ff^mg field Castle, account of 178
Wollaston, C. B, memoir of 544
fVolsey, ortbdfzraphy of 180
Wordsu^orthf Rev, J, memoir of 436
fVurtetnberg, Roman Antiquities disco-
vered on the banks of the Neckar C38
Wyatville, Sir J. memoir of 545
f^ynn, Sir W. W, memuir of 429
York Aisnes 532
Mnster, fire in the soui h-west tower
uf 643
Yorkshire, Druidical remains in 135
Zimmerman* 9 Aphorisms 607
INDEX TO BOOKS REVIEWED.
Agnew, li. C. the application of the
Quadrature of the Circle in the Pyra-
mids of Gizeh 176
Albert, Prince, and the House of Saxony
298
America, Diary in 615
Architecture, Gli»s<;ary uf 501
Asia, S. Eastern, Travels in 175
Australia, South, Voyages in 614
Austria 174
Bat'hin, P. the Eglintoun Touritamtnt
187
Bethlem Hospital, proceedings at laying
the first stone 283
Biographical Dictionary new general 497
Blessington, Lady, the Governess 618
Bloomjield, Rev. S. T, Lexicon to the
New Testament 510
Bourne and Britton, London and Bir-
mingham Railway 187
Bridge Building, Treatise on 284
Brougham, Lord, Sketches of Statesmen
227
Bulwer, Sir E. The Sea Captain 504
Burbidge, T. Poems 57
Caswall, Rev. H. America and the Ame-
rican Chorch 402
Cathedral Bell 504
Cator, Rev, C. Sermons 620
Cattermole, Rev. R, Forty Sermons 613
Chatham, Earl of, C* rrespondence 563
Church, Established, Evangelical charac-
ter of 54
Church qf England, Conversations on
the 621
Collier, J, P. further particulars regard-
ing Shakespeare 273
Conder, T. View of all Religions 402
Cook,E, Poems 618
Crabb, G. New Pantheon 620
Cressy^ 1&\ Treatise on Bridge Buildine
284
Danilefiky, H. M, Campaign in France
614
Delxcia Literaria 400
Dudley, Earl of, Letters to the Bp. of
Llandaff339
Duelling, Thoughts on 297
Dyce, Rev. A, Kemp's Nine Dales Won-
der 507
Eames, Rev. J, Christian Watchfulness
618
Ecclesicutical Documents 505
Eglintoun lymt-nament 187
Elizabeth, Queen 398
England during the Stuarts 1 15
England, Political Songs of 29^
*• English Mercurie,*' (The) 6 1
Family Prayers 621
Farr, Rev. T, Remedy for the Distresses
of the Nation 394
Feltham*s Resolves 40S
Ftaxman's Lectures on Sculpture 397
France in 181 4, Campaign in 614
Geological Science and Holy Scriptures,
relation between 389
Giles, Rev. J. A. Greek Lexicon 64
Gizeh, Pyramids of, the application of
the Quadrature of the Circle in the 176
Goode, Rev. W. Church Rates 6S0
Goodhugh, ir. Study of Biblical Litera-
ture 296
Greek Lexicon 64
Grey, Rev. T. and Rev, T, Macguire,
Report of the discussion between 6SS
Guy Fawies 280
Hayward, J. Queen Elizabeth 398
History, Ancient, View of 284
Index to Books Rtrvieooed,
HohsoHf Rev, J, Sermons 66
Hoime, H. H. B, Guide of the Hebrew
Student 4ai
Hoohy W. F. Sermon 620
Hooker** Ecclesiastical Polity , Selections
from 56
Howardy R. B. On Deficiency of Food 620
Howittf W, Visits to Remarkable Places
451
Hunter, Rev, J. Shakespeare's Tempest
49. Ecclesiastical Documents 505
Rev, W. M, Sermons 403
Hussey, Rev. R. On Education 621
Infant Schools, Moral Lessons for 623
Irvine, A. London Flora 621
James, G, P. R, Henry of Guise 403
Jesse, J, H, Court of England during
the Stuarts 115
Jones, J, The Cathedral Bell 504
^^- R. Medical Education 296
Keightley, T. Ovid's Fasti 58
Kemp^s Nine Daies Wonder 507
Kolff, Jun, Voyages through the Mol-
luccan Archipelago 298
Lathbury, Rev, T, Guy Fawkes 280
Lau7'ie, P, Proceedings at laying the
first stone of Betblem Hospital 283
Leigh, ly, H, Voyages in South Austra-
lia 614
Lewis, M. A. Life and Correspondence 1 69
Literature, Royal Society of, Transac
tions. Vol. II. pt. HI. 181
Macbrier, R, M. Missionary Travels in
Egypt 298
Alaitland, Rev, S, R, Letter to the Rev,
W. H. Mill 621
Malcolm, Rev, H. Travels in S. Eastern
Asia 175
Mariamne 492
Marryat, Capt. Diary in America, pt. ii.
615
Melanchthon, P. Handwriting of 59
Melvill, Rev. H, Sermons 298
Milnes, R. M. Poems 393
Monumenta Antiqua 27 6
More^ H. Life of 55
Murray, J. The Plague and Quarantine
620
Nation, Remedy for the Distresses of 39^
Nolan, F. Evangelical Character of the
Established Church 54
Ovid*s Fasti 58
Palin, Rev. ^. Lectures on the Litany
622
Parker* 8 Glossary of Architecture 501
Perceval, Rev, A. On Apostolical Succes-
sion 618
Piers, Rev, J, W, Minulise 403
Poems 393
Poems by Burbidge 57
Prayer of the Church 622
Prescott, H. Poems 616
Prideaux, TV, Poems 619
Printers, Dictionary of 395
Reade, J. S. Cataline 621
Reid, A. Rudiments of English <
sition 622
Reliquiip AntigtUB 1 87
Remarkable Places, Visits to 45 J
Rheinwald, Dr. The Exiles of Z
296
Riddle, Rev, J, E, Young Schola
glish Latin Dictionary 66
' Complete I
Latin Dictionary 628
Romanism, Essays on 403
Rose, H. J, New Biographical Diet
497
St, Mary^Aldermary, Brief Notice
Sartain, J. Lecture on Philosophy \
Scott, Rev. J, Pilgrim's Progress 6^1
Sea Captain 504
Shakexpeare*s Tempest, Disquisition
Shakespeare, Youth of 65, further ]
culnrs regarding 273
Shoberl, F. Pcince Albert and the Hoiiw
of Saxonv 298
Sloper, T, the Jewell 617
Smith, B. P. Trip to the far- West 297
■ J, P, Relation between Holy
Scriptures and Geological Science 389
J. T, View of Ancient History 884
Solheby, S, L, Handwriting of P. Me-
lanchthon 59
Southwold 287
Spain under Charles II, 609
Stanhope, Hon, A. Spain under Charles
U. 609
Statesmen, Historical Sketches of 227
Stirling, J. Poems 297
Suffolk, Historic Sites in 177
Sunday Evening Instruction 622
Surtees, R. memoir of 3
Talbot, H, F, Hermes 622. antiquity of
the Book of Genesis ib,
Taylor, G, memoir of Robert Surtees 3
Thelwall, Rev, A, S, Opium Trade with
China 296
Thomas, S. Sir Redmond 403
Thompson, ^. Life of H. More 55
Thornton, E. History of British India 296
Timperley, C, H. Dictionary of Printers
395
Turnbull, P, E, Austria 174
ffTtke, R. Southwold 287
Watts, T, '* A Letter on the English
Mercuric," 1588,61
Weaver, R. Monumenta Antiqua 276
Wilberforce, Rev, S, Eucharistica 51 1
Willoughby, Capt, Extracts from Holy
Writ 623
ffllson, Rev, H, B, St. Mary Alder mary
502
Wise, H. Voyages to and from India and
China 623
Wodderspoon, J, Historic Sites in Suf-
folk 177
bright, T. Political Songs of England
292
68()
INDEX TO BOOKS ANNOUNCED.
jidolf/huut Reif^n of Georgp Ml. 513
AikmarCi Touni anient at Kgliiilon 68
AirtTi ()(li Uriel 301
Aktrman, J. Y. Numismatic Manual 513
jiibert. Prince ;{00
American Svenery 405
Amusewent in High L^e 512
Andrews'i Drawing; Hotik of Flowers 513
jifiottolic Imh'uclion 405
Juber, P. CbiiiH 300
Jilfton, IK E. Li'e of Richard I. 512
Bailey y J, and G. /i'lr^^M^Hermesiaiiac.
tis FrAgmtriitum 1.90
Jiarreli,G.on Water Ct»l»ur Painting 6^7
liarttett'g Amenctiu Scpiiery IBD
Jieden Ecclesiastical History ^ translated
by Dr. Giles G'iO'
neet, History of 30\
iieesley^ A. History of Banbury G8
lUlfa^orXA<i
Eennett, F. D, Narrative of a Whaling
Voyage 620'
— — J. on Jiistifif^ation 626
Biber^ Rev, G, E. standard of Catholicity
626
JiiHe Cyclopaedia 406
Bickerstethj Hev. E. Treatise on Baptism
190
Jijornstjerna, M, de, British Empire in
India 626
Blackt J. Manual on the Bowels 406
Blessington^ Ctess^ The Governess 67
Bloomjield, Rev, S, T, lexicon to the
New Testament 302
Blunt, C. F. Beauty of theH«»aven8 190
Rev, J, J. The Early Fathers 513
BosphoruSf Beauties of the 405
BoySf T. S, Arrhiteeture in Paris 68
Bremnert R. Excursions in Denm irk 67
Britrgs, AIaj,-Gen. Cotton Trade of Jn-
dia 189
British Army, historical records of 626
Brothers^ T, United States of N. Ame-
rica 300
Brougham, lA, review of his Oration of
Demosthenes 626
Brownings Sordello 405
Bucke, C, Ruins of Cities 189
Buried Bride (Tl^e) 67
Buyer f Rev, fV, Letters on India 626
Cabinet CycloptBdia 189
Camphrllf Rev, J, Maritime Discovery
and Christian Missions 626
Caricature Scrap Book 68
CarlylCy T, Chartism 189
Carmichael on the Scriptures 301
Catholic Family Library, Vol. I. 66
CJiamier, Capt. The Spitfire 189
Chatham, Earl of. Correspondence 189
Chevalier, M, Society in the United
States 405
Child, C, F, Sermons 301
China, Digest of the Evidence upon 626
ChrUt and Antichrist 627
Christians Book of Gems (The) 67
Chronological Tables 626
Churchill, F. Diseases incident to Preg-
nancy 627
Churton^ Rev. E, Early English Church
626
Cicero de Senectute 626
Clark, Rev. J, A. Glimpses of the old
World 189
^— — T. Perpetuation of the E^le-
siastical Jurisdiction 627
Clavers, M. Montacute 301
Cochrane, A. B. The Morea 512
Cortfessions of Hairy Lorrequer 301
Cooper, Sir A, Anatomy of the Breast 406
J, Sermons 512
/. F, The Pathfinder 406
Coote's Law of Landlord and Tenant 627
Cormack, Rev, J, Church of Rome ex-
amined 513
Corner, J. History of France 405
Corney, B, On the New General Biogra-
phical Dictionary 68
Cory, A, T. The Hieroglyphics of Hara-
poilo Nilous 626
Court Favorite (The) 61
Craufurd, Rev, C, H, Sermons 405
O'ocker, S. and B, Barker, Sketches of
the Basque Provinces 68
Crosthwaiie*s Sermons 512
Czar, The 301
Daniell, E. R. Chancery Practice 513
DaschkaWf Princess, memoirs 512
Dames, T, S. Solutions of Button's
Mathematics 406
Decamei'on of the West (TheJ 67
Delajield, J, Antiquities of America 189
Vepping, M, History of the Jews, with
Notes by J. M. Stevens I90
Diary of a Nun 189
Dillon, Hon. A, Winter in Ireland 300
Doyle, C, Practice of Husbandry 68
Dudley, Earl of, Letters to the Bp. of
Llandaff, 405
Duncan, J. Religious Wars of France 405.
Felix Bodin's Summary of the Hist, of
England 405
Duthy*s Sketches of Hampshiie 189
Elwyn,Sir5\2
Englishman's Library, vol. VIII. $96
Ernestine 627
Erotophuseos 5 1 3
Euripides, Iphigenia in AuKs 626
Evans, Rev, R, W, Tales of the Ancient
British Church 67
Faher, G, S. Doctrine of Regeneration
301
Family Library, voL LZXii. 513
Index to Books Announced.
Fay, T. 8. The Countess 406, 513
Female Freemasons 67
Fenneli, J. H. Drawing-room Botany 5 1 3
FUzwiggins 30 1
Fleetwood, P, H, Last Da}s of a Con.
demiied 637
Forbes, Maj, Eleven Years in Ceylon 512
Forshall, Rev. J. Greek papyri in the
Brir. Mus. 68
Forster, J, Siat<^snien of the Common-
wealth of England 189. Popular Pro-
gress in English History 300
Frasei\ J. B. Travels in Kourdistan 405
Froud, Rev. R, H, Remains of, pt. II. 66
FuUer*s Hist, of the Univ. of Camb. 626
Garbett, G. Port J»nd Borough of Sun-
derland 190. History of Sunderland
513
Gilfi/, Dr. Views in the Department of
the Isdre &\2
Gompertz, Rev. S, Sermons 190
Good Match (The) 6?
Goodlad, ^V, on Nervous Affections 627
Gwse,P.H. The Canadian Naturalist 406
Grant, Rev, J, Sketches in Divinity 405
Hakon, Jar I 5 1 2
Hall, S. C. Marian 189
Rev. T. C Elements of Algebra 406
Hansard, G. A. Book of Archery 513
Hare, Rev. J. C. Victory of Faith, 512
Harrison, S. B. Woodfall's Landlord and
Tenant 627
Hartley, Mrs. Indian Life 512
Hawhwood 627
Head, H. E. Sermons 512
Hildyard, J. The Anlularia of Plautus
626. The Menschmei of Plautus 626
Hill, B. E. Playing About 512
Hills, J. Goethe's Faust 67
Hinton, Rev. J. H. Maii*s Responsibility
405
Hoare, E. Solitary Moments 190
Hovkens,E. ^.Treatise on Amauro6is513
Hodgson, Rev. J, History of Northum-
berland 405
I1ollis,T. and (^-Monumental Effigies 626
Hook, T. Cousin Geoffrey 301. Precepts
and Practice 627
Hooker, Sir W. J. I cones Plantarum 406
Hooley, C. Poems 627
Hope, C. D. Catholic Doctrine of a
Triune God 67
Home, R. H. Gregory the Seventh 627
Hort, Maj. The Ruck 67
/iowt7^/i^VisitstoRemarkablePlacesl89
Humble, W. Dictionary of Geology 513
Hunt, Z/. Legend of Florence 405
Hunter, J. Influence of Artificial Light
406
India, Law relating to 513
Ingoldsby Legends 301
Jack A.'hore 512
Jackson* s Pictorial Flora 406
James, G. P. R. The King's Highway 512
Jameson,Mrs. Social Life in Germany 300
Gent. Mag. Vol. XIII.
Jamieson, Rev. J. Primitive Cbristi
Jarman's Journal uf a Voyage t«
South Seas 67) 512
Jefferson, S. Antiquities of Leath
CO. Cumberland 68, 190
Jeptha, 5 1 2
Jeramb, M. F. de. Pilgrimage to P
tine 300
Jesse, J. H. Court of England during
Stuarts 189
Johnson on Manners 67
Jones, R. Observations on Medical I
cation 190
« W. Gwyneddion 189
Joys of Heaven 30 1
Kelty^ M. A. Early Days in the Soci
of Friends 626
Kirkbride,J. The Northern Angler 519.
Kolfs Voyages, edited by Earl 67
Latham*s Norway 300
Lathbury, Rev. T. Spanish Armada 6Sf6
Lawrance, Mrs. Memoirs of Queens A
England 66
Lee, Prof. A Hebrew and Chaldee Lexi-
con 406
Leethnm, TV. H. Poems 626
legend oj Cloth Fair 189
Letters from the Old florid 405
Life, by Young Nick 512
Lindley, J. Tueory of Horticulture 190
Livesy, Rev, J. Letter on Cburuh exten-
sion 405
Lloyd and Gerard's Tours in the Hima-
laya Mountains 300
Logan, J, Laws of England, part I. of
Marriages 67
Ijoudon, Mrs. Parley's Tales about Plants
67. Young Naturalist's Journal 301
Low, D. Breed of Domestic Animals 301
Lowe, T. H. Poems 627
Lowndes, J. Law of Copyright 301
Lowther, G. Gerald 512
Lush, R. Practice of the Courts at West-
minster 301
Lushington, Rt, Hon, R. S. Life of ltd.
Harris 189
M^All, Rev. R. Discourses, with Life by
Rev. R. Wardlaw 301
M^Caul, Rev. A. Sermons 512
ArCi-ie, Rev. T. Life 626
A/* Cullock, J. R. Geographical Diction-
ary 302
Macgillivray, ^Manual of Geology 301
Mac house's Sydney and New South Wales
67
Mackenzie, Rev. H. Life of Offa King of
Mercia 189
Mahew, E. On Stage EflFect 301
Maiden Monarchy (1 he) 189
Muid^s Husband (The) 627
Maidstone and its Environs 512
MangleSy R. C. Chriiiiian reasons for
being a Reformer 405
Manning, J, Case of the Serjeants at
Law 406
4 S
682
Index to Books Announced.
Manit Bp. History of Iriih Church 66.
holidjivi of the Church 405
F. jy. The Rulii 627
Marriaget^ State of Law regarding 67
Martineau and Cilet, Uuitarimnisiu De-
fended, 67, li^H
Afattie's Continental India 67
Meadow* 8 Songt of Hume 301
Afeivill, Rev. H. Sernioiis 67
MelvUle** Pictorial Editiun of the Worki
uf JoBcphuB 405
Memory, RegrHs of 627
Mercy, Works of 513
MerliHf C'tess, Memoirs of M.'td. Mali-
bran 300
Middieton't Works, Edited by Dyre 301
Middleton,J.Thte Hyacinth .ind Lyrics627
AnUer'* Lady Jane Grey 301
Millingen, J. G. Treatment of the Insane
301
MiimaHt Rev. II. H, History of Chris-
tianity 301
Milton, II. Rivalry 627
Monk (TheJ and the Manned Man 189
Montgomery's V(»yage to Guatemala 405
Moravian Mission in N. America, His-
tory of 67
JI/or^an,La<fy, Woman and her Ma8ter5 12
Moriarty, D. I. Innisfoyle Abbey 189
Alorison's Fathers of the London Mis-
sionary Society 405
Morris, Capt. C. Social Effusions 406,5 12
Mudie, R, China and its resources 512
Muirhead, J. P, Arago's Eloge of J.
Watt 66
Muller, J, Treatise on Cancer 627
Napier, Sir C, Military Life 512
Naturalises Library, Vol. XXIV. 67.
^o/. XXVI. 301
Kewbold, Lt. British Settlements in the
Straits of Malacca 67
Newman, Rev, J. II, Church of the Fa-
thers 405
Newman*s British Ferns 301
New South miles and Port Philip Di-
rectory 67
Noel, Rev. B. Sermons 405
Norton, R. Memoiis of J. and G. Mac-
donald 405
Orphan qfNepaul 627
0*Sullivun and M'Chee, Romanism in
Ireland 512
Owen, Rev, J. Memoir of the Rtv, D.
Rowlands 405
R. Odontography 513
Oxford Tracts, Doctrines of the 67
Pagefs Hungary 3C0
Parry, Rev. F. Sermons 405
Patterson's Camp and Quarters 406.
Lectures i.-n St. John 626
Petheram s Sketch of Anglo Saxon Li-
terature 626
Pettigrew, T. J. Bibliotheca Sussexiana,
Vol. II. 68
Philip, R. Life of the Rev. W. Milne 189
PUskering, E, The Fright 67
Pigott, Miss, Records of Real Life 301
Plato—The Apology ofSocratet 626
Poets o^' America 67
Polack*s Manners of New Zealanders 405
PolUilysis 189
Pope, Rev. R, T, Roman Misquotation5 1 3
Popery, Tracts on 626
Pouhon, G. History of Holdemess 405
Powell, Rev. B. State Education 512
Pra//*« Statistics 67
Prescott, H. Poems 67
Preston, T, R. Three Years* Residence in
Canada 626
Prideaux, fV. Poems of Chivalry 405
Quakerism Unmasked 189
Ramadge on Asthma 1 90
Real and the Ideal 301
Richardson, H, Loss of the Tigris 627
Roberts, M. Productions of America 67
Robinson, W. Antiquities of Tottenham
High Cross 68
Rogers's Ecclesiastical Law 406
Romilly, Sir 8, Memoirs 512
Royle, J. F. Botany of the Himalayan
Mountains 627
RusselVs Tour through the Australian Co-
lonies 5 12
Ryder, Rev, H, D. The Angelicon 301
Salisbury, Countess of, 627
Sam Slick's * Letter Bag' 189
SandbacKs Poems 405
Sargant, Mrs, Joan of Arc 627
Saucy Jack and the Indiaman 301
Scheer, F, Kew and its Gardens 512
Schombourgk, R. H, Description of Bri-
tish Guiana 626
Shaw's Memorials of South Africa 512
Sherwood, Mrs. Indian Orphans 512
Shield, M. J. Holme Park 301
Shoberl, F. Prince Albert 300
Sigmond, G. G, Use of Mercury 302
Sigmond andFarre on IheCeylonMossSlS
Sinclair, C, Scotland and the Scotch 5 18
Smith, Col. H. Natural History of Dogs,
Vol. I. 67
J. T. Discovery of America by the
Northmen 67
Smyth, FT. Lectures on Modem History 66
Spencei', E. Prophet of the Caucasus 406
Sproule, J. Agriculture of Ireland 67
Stanhope^s Correpondence, Spain under
Charles If. 189
Stephens, G. Pdr« la Chaise 512
Steward, Mrs, The Interdict 627
—Rev. J, Destruction of tte Tem-
ple 301
Strickland, A, Lives of the Queens of
England 300
Surtees, R, History of Durham 800
Swainson, W, Treatise on Shells 627
Tacitus — Germania, AgricolOf .and Ait-
nalsl.6^6
Tauerschmidt, Rev. E» Prince Albert's
ancestry 404
Index to Podry and Names,
Thjfler, Rev. C B. Clergyman's Parish
Book 301
Taylor, J, JS, Michael Angelo 405
JViompson, Rev. E. Sermons 190
Thomsmt J, Trade with China 300
Thornton, E. Modern History of British
India 6Q
T%mon 6S!7
Todd, Rev. J. H. Discourses 67, 301
Tomlins, F. G. View of the English
Drama 301
Tomlinson, Rev. L. Recreations in Astro-
nomy 301
Tookcy T. Prices and State of the Circu-
lation in 1838-9 405
Townshend, J. K. Sporting Excursions 67
Trollopet Mrs. Michael Armstrong 67*
One Fault id. The Widow Married 406
Trotter, A. Financial Credit of the N.
American Union 189
Troughtm's Nina Sforza 301
Turnbull, D. Cuba 405
— P. E. Austria 189
Turner* 8 Lives of EminentUnitarians 300
Tya9*8 Illustrated Napoleon QQ
— — Legal Hand Book 67
VateSf or the PhiloHphy 1^ Madmen -.
Vaughan, E. T. Sermons 301
Vigne, G. T. Narrative of a Visit
Ghiizni Q'iQ
Vincent, Sir F. Arundel 513
rVake, R. South wold 300
Walpole, H. Letters Vol. I. IL 404
Walter, H. History of England QQ
fr. J. Life of Sir T. More Q6
Weaver, R. Monumenta Antiqua 67
Webster, G. Ingliston 627
Wellington, Duke of. Life, edited by
J.E. Alexander 189
West Indies, Winter in the 405
Westmacott,R. OutVines to illustrate tkff^
Figbte of Freewille 68 . &'
Westwood,J. O. Treatise on Insects in]%
rious to the Gardener 301 '
White, J. B. Heresy and Orthodoxy 6f .
Wiggers, Dr. G. Life of Socrates 636 '
Wigram on Wills 627
Wilde, W. R. Voyage to Madeira 405 ..
Willis, N. P, Loiterings of Travel 189
Wilson, Rev. R. Sermon 190
Windell, J. Cork and its Vicinity 67
Year Book of Facts 513
INDEX TO POETRY.
Burbage, T. Poem by 58
C. Z*aJ^,Lines on,in declining heaUh393
Cook, E. Thy Kingdom Come 618
Death in Life 393
EtoUt Lines to 496
Goldsmith, Latin translation from the
Deserted Village 48
Halfordf Sir H. Latin translation from
Goldsmith 48
Kernels Oak, Lines on 244
Huntei's Song (The) 619
Magdalen* s Hymn 617
Milnes, M. Lines on Lady C. in declining
health 393. Death in Life ib.
Poem by T. Burbage 58
Poems by J. Yates 386
Prescott, H. A Story 616
Prideaux, W. The Hunter's Song 619
Salix Bahylonica 46
Surtees, Mr. Latin lines on the Death of
a Sister-in-law, with translation 599
Thy Kingdom Come 618
Wellesley, Marq. Salix Babylonica 46,
Lines to Eton 496
Wilson, Prof. Magdalen's Hymn 617
Yatesy J. Poems by 386
INDEX TO NAMES.
Including Promotions, Preferments, Births, Marriajg^es, and Deaths— The longer Articles
of Deaths are entered in the preceding Index to Essays.
ABBOTT, C. 107
Abdy, J, R. 554.
Abercorn, M arch*ess
201
Abercroroby, Hon.
G. R. 644. Hon.
R. 425
Abington, W. 104
Abraham, B. 556
Ackland, C. 84
Acklom, E. 557* L.
202
Ackroyd, W. 104
Adams,Capt.A.21 5.
Capt. E. L. 333.
Maj. H. W. 425
Addenbrooke,E.534
Addinell,R. 221
Adolpbus, E. 328
Ainslie,G. 84. Sir
W. 558
Airlie, C'tess 426
Albert, Prince 312,
425, 644
AlcoGk,C. 22 I.Hon.
C. C. L. 668
Alexander, A* 85.
C. 645. Capt. J.
E.425. W. 201.
Capt. W. 83
Allason, Mrs. 220
AUcock, VV. P. 21
Allen, 106. B. 328.
E. 84, J. 83,109*
Capt. W. 223
AIner, R. 106
Alston, Mr. 200. E.
328. H. C. 535.
Alves, Lt.-Col. N,
313
Ames, J. 221
Anderson, Hon.Mrs.
535. Col. Sir A.
83. F.201. M.
C. 553
Anderton, J. 105
Andrews, J. SG6
Annaiid, A. 536.
684 Index to Names,
Anson, Sir G. 425. Ballner, S. 554 Bellamy, E. 534 H. C.S36. J.U44S.
G.E.495. Comnt. Bancroft, R. N. 646 F.314. M.M.441 M.335. M.A.9I5.
^ T. 200 Bankes, A. 427. £. Bellingbam, J.C. 84 W. C. 314
Ansted, D. T. 534. S. 442 Benett, A. M. 314. Blachford, F. 555
Appleby, Lt. Y.425 Barclay, A. M. 446. J. 332 Blackburn, B. 646
Arhuthuot, A. 669. Sir R. 1 10 Benn, F. M. 330 Blacklin, R. 327
Lf.-Gen.SirT.I99 Barbam, M. 85. R. B»i>net,E. 84 Blackmoure, J. 646
Ariel, M. 555. H. D. 84 Bennett ,E. 333. M. Btagden, C. 446
Armrtstead,A. 221. Barini?, L. A. 107. 110,442 Blane, S. ^19
AriDStruiig, S. A.d5 F. 645. Benson, H. 108 Blencowe, C. 534.
Arnold, B. N. 536. Barker, H. 103. M. Bent, J. 332 T. 664
C. A. 200, 427. 105. R. 447. Beiital, E. 536 Bligh, Lady T. 668
CM. 426. £.427. Barlow,Comm.C.A. Bentall, A. 334 Bliss^ E. S54
Lt..Col. R. 109. 84, 199. W. 219 Beutinck, H. P. A. Blumeiibmcb. Dr.
Arruwsmitb, C. 314 Barnard, Capt. £. 328 335
Arscutr, J. e5 313. £. D. 104. Benton, Mrs. 220. Btundrll, B. 314
Arund^ll,Hun.Mrs. Bameby, J. 645 S. 106 Bluni,E. 110. G.
A.b35. Hon.T.553 Barnes, J. 444. M. Berebford, M. G.84 A. 330. R. 644.
Asbe, E. 102. Maj. Q^7 Berber, S. 201 S. S. 536
W. 222 Barnewnll, B. 105 Berkflry,H.C.668. Boake^J. 101
Ashpitel, E. 553 Ban.ey, J. 200 Capt. M. F. F. Buaxman, J. 33?
Aston, T. 106 Barrow, Maj. -Gen. 425. R. 327 Bogue, J. R. 314
Atkins, Mrs. 330 bai. J. 552. R. BerminghHrn, H. Bold, H. 437
Atkinson, B. 328. W. 201. 202,426 Bulding, £. 39»
H.330. J. H.H. Bartcn,554. H.442. Bernard, C. B. 534. Bulland, W. 664
536. M. 200 J. 427, 536. J. J. F. 202 Bolster, L. H. 559
At lay, C. 644 W. 645 Berrie, E, 557 Bolton, W. 663
Atthiil, W.427 Bartram, M. 536 Berry, M. A 66S. Bonallo* D. 299
Auckland, Ld.G.83 Basconi, G. 314 W. P. 332 Bond, E. 104. 11.
Austin, Capt. H. T. Bastiett, T. S. 644 Bersey, W. D. 666 668. J. J. M.
84. Basset, J. 425 Bertie, C. 220 314. BC. 556. R.
Austwick, M.A.216 B.tte,G. H. 332 Bessy, W.443 328. S.314
Avons.J. 326 Bnteinan, J. 644 Betbani, M.C.J. 535 Bonifaiit,CoiiiiiLB.
Aylmer, J. 107 Bateson,E.222. J. Bethune, C. 313 329
AyUin, R. 85 G. 313 Btfvan,A.447. Lady Bonnycastle, Maj.
Ayrton, M. 425 Baxlee, .1. 534 A. 201, 313. D. R. H. 425
Babin^ton, J. 106 Ba>ley,200. G.536. B. 644. R. 536. Bonsey, M. L. 497»
Backhouse, P.B.202 M. S. 427 W.536. W R.2U1 535
Bacun, M. A. 106 Baylis.T. 216 Bevingtun, H. 427 Boone, Fm 55s.
Bacot, S. 216 Bayly, F. M. 202 Bewicke, C. R. »5. Booth, J. SOO, 440
Hadc(irk,Lr. Cul. L. Beatham, J. P. 219 £. 85. Borrcll, L. C. 328
B. 534. W.S.534 Beaduii, .Mrs. 105. Biddulpb,R. M.644 Borringdon, Vise.
Bagge, J. 313 H. W. 313 Bittt^ Dr. 670 425
Ba>;nall. J. 332 Beart, G. 535 B.gf(e,J.C.669. J. Borrow es, J. 663
Bagiiell, A. 555 Beatsun, Capi.W.F. K. 314 Borthwick, E. 554
Bagut.Capt. C.644. 536 Biging, H. 106 Buswell, bir J, 426
L. F. 84. R. 220. Beauchamp. G. 645 Bilke, M. 441 Boteler, C. 107,330
Bagshaw, S. 329 Beauclerk, 1. E. 535 Billani, F. T. 446 But held, B. 644
Baillie, H.J. 534 Beavan, R. 536 BilLnghurst, J.328 Boulcotc, J. A.427
Baily,J.5a5. M.A. Beaver, J. 440 Bingbain, Lady A. Buuldinf, J. 667
201 Beaxlej , C. S. 557 445. P. 202 BouIUmk, M. A. 445
Bainbridge,G.C.109 Beckett, J. 332 Birbeck, J. 329 Bourdillou,A.B.I05
Bainbrigge,Capt.J. Bedford, C. 219,667 Birch, J. 84. J. L. Bouverie, Lt.-CoL
H. 83 Beekvelt, F. 216 202. S. H. 332. 425. Hon. P.80O
Bailies, C. J. 102 Beet, M. 107. R.331 T. 440 Bo«at^r,Sir E.644.
Baker, Mrs, 2^0, G. Beetbam, W. 108 Bircball, J. 313 Bowden, M. A. 33a
108. H. de F. Belchier, Cumm.N. Bird, E.M. 536. R. J. 553
644. J. 312,554. 444 446 Bowtr, H. 439
M. 221. R.665. Belfleld, E. 554 Birkett, E.555. H. Bowker, E. 645
T.555. T. B. L. Belgrave, W. 644 440 Bo«»les,G.3l4.CoL
427. T. T. 535. Bell, E. C. 85. G. Biron, E. 426 G. 199
Capt. W. W. 333 H. 645. J. 222, Birrell, E. 442 Bow stead. Dr. J .200
BalderSjLady K.313 441 Biscor, A. C. 557 Box, D. 441
Baldwin, B. 534 BelUirs313. C.SOI Bisbo|., C 536. F. Boyd, J. 667
S..fea, B. 55T
Bujrlc, J. &34
Boyi,J.557
Bradburn.H.H.IOS
Brailburjr, M. b5i
BrAdfurd, Lt.-Cul.
900. J. H. H.
Bradley, C. 313
BrsdihHw, M.J.8S.
S. 104
W. A. 330
Braiifuol, J. H.iOS
Bn>iidalliaiir,Marq.
of 83
Breay, J.G. 103
Brechiiell, Lady C.
C. S18
m
BreM,M.A.334
Brel ting bum, H.445
BreBslM.W. 313
Brice, H. A. 333
BnJKemin, C. L.
Bruwn, J. 5S9. J.
M.84. M.901.
W. 646. W. F.
312
BroA lie, A. 200,449.
H.S.497. T.B.
L. 900, T. M,
645. W. «i68
Brucr, C,L.C.644.
Bruniwick, Priii-
ceti E. oF 663
Bryan, C. 554
Bryiner,\V.T.P,e44
Buck, J. i05
BiiokJf, A.S. 646.
T. H, 398
Buckii«r, M.497
Budil, M. lOT
Bulkeley, Ludy W.
535
Cxidofll, {I.J.£09.
Lady T. 558.
Cspt.V. 556
Callaway T. 646
Cam<^run, 667. D.
398. Li. J. 39a
Cnnipbi-ll, Mi«s535.
A. 535. Maj.A.
319. SirA.ai9.
A. C. L. 4S7. C.
497. SirJ. 666.
M.P. Ill, Capt,
N. 83. R. 669
Caiich. C«pt.T.3I!
Caiir, T. 644. W.
W.446
Charlton, Cap'
W. 83
Cbariiuck.J. >
ChBrlr.^>
E.(,
iulleii.
.917
331
Bridger, P. 44S
Bridget, G. 44S
Brielzche, Ll. G.J.
66S
Brif-g., E.
B. 496
Brj^bam, C. 313
Bright, R.330
Brine, A.J. 427
BriBco, F. J. 331
BiiMow, L.3tf9. S.
646
Broad ley, A. 84
Broidriik, G. 446
Brotkbules, T. F.
900
Brockman, T. 314
Brud.^ri|<, E. 109
Brodip.C. 645
Brodritk, W. J.9O0
Bromlicld, A. 339
Bromliead, J. 301
Brumlfy.E. lOe. P.
D. 646
Brooke, Sir A. B,
644. P. L. 217
Brough, A. 315
Broughani,E. 991.
Hun. E. L. 108.
H. 9S3
Brougbtoii, F. 901.
Cap(. W. 300
Browell, L. 497
.ller.C>p<.G.199.
J. W. 84
Burder, H. H. 497
Burden, W. 644
Surges, W.C. 664
Burgpgs, C. K. 558.
W. 331
Burgh, Mill 558
. Burley, W. 497
Burmaii, T. J. P.
339
Burnand.G. C. 105
Burner, C. UOl
Burni^t, Cfll.t. W.
Capt-1, M. 334
Carboiiell,J.T.20l
Carditell, Dr. 84.
Rev. R. 103
Careo, C. 315
Carey, H. 616. P.
U. 556
Carlisle, B|>. of 436 <
Cbatr,
Chatfleld, M.
Cliauncy, C. S
Cliauncev, l.J
Chayior.'C. h
901
Cheape, H. 44?
Chichester, Li..
C. 534. R,
Cliil'd. M. 398
Chiiichen, N. Gfli
Burruugb, Lady E.
535. J. W. '-01
Borrows, A. 646.
S. H. jJI
Burloii,557. Mrs.
333. C. L.E.449
Bulb, J. 553, 556
Biiil-r.Ht;n,E.425.
Lady S. 66a
Buxtuii.A. J. 313
By, G. 443
Byam, Capl. A. E.
Byng, H.W.J.31S
Byron, J. 84
Cadogaii, Lady L.
C. E. 535
Carroll, C. 909. Sir
G. 900. W. 105
Carrulliert, M. A.
536. Map. R.B3
Carler.J.439.W.eeD
Cart»rr,M. A.646
Carlvtrighi, Mrs,
446. C, 335
Carvkk,T. 534
Casamajor, E. 317
Caie, E. A. 85
Caiheail, A. 301.
C. S. B5. La,ly
E. 496
CalllnB, S. F. 108
Cally, S. 645
CauLter. R. M.53G
Cauiley, S. 443
Cave. T. 664
Cavendish, Hon. C.
201
Ch^ibannes, March.
de 110
Chndttick, E. A. H.
497
Cbalmers, A. 645.
J. A. L.557
Chambers, C. H.
916,917- B.33e,
645. R. G.393
Channel, W.P.3I3
Chaplain, M.A.316
H.A.III. W,301
Chute, W.L.W.900
Clack, H.T. SOI
Clapbam, E. 669
Clareiidun,E<rll99,
Clark, J. P. 4S7.
T. 667
Clarke, A. 535. H.
669. H. B. 901.
J. 535. Dr. J. L.
437.J.W.44I.M,
G.3I3. P.915. R.
B. 4SS. Dr. St.
J. 999. T, 233.
T. A. 533. W.
3)3,443
Clarkton.J.A. 314.
W. C. 915
CUugbton, A. M.
303
436.
W. 313
Cliff, L. A. SOO
CliFioii, SirJ.G. J.
313
Clive, Ll.-Col. E,
644. T. 646
Clode. S. 497 .
68G
Index to Names.
Cloetf , Lt..Cul. A.
J. 4'25
Clof^stoufiy A. B. J.
4L>5
Clouf^h, A. B. 85
CluMtTtiuck^C.lOT.
J. 555
Ciuttoii, J. 333
Cocbrane, G. 427,
535. ladv K.E.
4«7. \V.E.4i7,
535
Cockburn, E. J. D.
554. Col.F.534.
Sir W. S. R. 200
Cockimfi, W.84
CocksedKe, J. 104
Codil, H.G. 551
Codriiigtoii,T.S.I03
Cof^hlHii, J. 200
Colburne, Lt.-Gen.
Sir J. 83
Cole,C. 217. E. K.
816. L. 536
CoIem)tn, E. 314.
M. 663
Coles, M. S. 670.
T. 668
Coley, M.218. R.
W. 107
CoUeit, B. 535
Collii)grid$:e, A.201
CoUingwood, H. J.
W. 84
CoUinR.C.G.R.427.
C. H. 202. C.W.
442. H. 646. S.
B. 646
Collyer,R. 313
Colston, H. 445
Colvile, E. 332
Colvin, D. 427
Compton,Col.H.334
Comyn, H. 439
Conant> C. 645
Coney, T. B. 200
Connor, R. 558
Constable, R. 101.
SirT.A. C. 312
Conway, W. S.312
Coiiyers, C. £. 85.
J. 535
Cook,33l.S. E.312
Cooke, C. 202. G.
W. 83. R. 330.
T. A. 312
Coukesley, H. Y.
334. J. 103
Cookson, S. 216
Coon, H. 109
Cooper, Hon. A. J.
A. 535. E. 646.
H. 426. Capt. L.
M. 200
Coore, H. 221
Cope, E. D. 330
Copeman, C. 536
Copland, W. 313
Cupner, S. 109
Ciippin, Lt. F. 202
Corbally.M. E.312
Corbet, T.G. 312
Cornewall,C.E.536
Cornibwaite, T. J.
105
Cornwall, A. G.426
Corrie. E. 201
Cory, R. 441
Cottle, II. 64G. J.
426, 644
Cottun, B. 201. G.
V. 535. S. M.
201. Maj.-Gen.
SirW. 200,312
Couch, B. 554. J.
L. 427
CouUon, W. 536
Courienay, B. 314
Courteney, F. J. 84
Courtney 6GG
Cove, E. 440
Coventry, C'tess.
Duw. 217
Cowie, H. 535
Cowper, D. 109. S.
441. S. 1.536
Cox, F. 645. J. 644
Coxwell, C. S. 84
Cozens, F. 202
Crabbe, 670
Crabtree, E. 557
Cracroft, A. 646
Craib, M. A. 331
Craigie, Capt. P.83
Craster, Lt.Col.-E.
222
Craven, C'tess 84
Crawford, Maj. J.
425. J. I. 109.
W. 83
Crawley, G. 217
Creigbton, F. 217.
Capt. J. N. 334
Cressy, M. C. 645
Cresswell, S. 644
Crew, W. 442
Crewe, Sir G. 200
Creyke, F. 329
Cribb,J.328
Crisp, N. 666
Croad, Capt. F. 534
Croft, Sir A. D. 426
Crofton, Baron 312.
N. 443
Croker,J.327. Lt.-
Col. W. 83
Croly, R. 645
Croropton, M. 555
Crook, M. A. 219
Crooke, W. 646
Cropper, J. 445
Crowdy, E. 202
Cruttwell, T. 445.
W. C. 202
Cufree,T. T. 313
Culhane,M. 202
Culverwell, J. 552
Cunliife, L. 427,
536
Cuninghame, Maj.
D. 83
Cuniiinghani,A.] 10
Cureton, Maj. C. R«
83, ih,
Curme, G. 314
Currer,J. R. 331
Currey, W. S. 447
Curry, F. E. 426
Curson, Hon. J.R.
313
Curteis, M. 555. S.
107
Curti<;, J. E. B.202.
S. M. 216
Curtois, M. J. 427
Curwen, J. 663
Curzon, E. C. 645.
Hon. H. R. 201
Cu8t,E.534. W.440
Custance, J. 200
Cuthbert,S.T.200
Cuthbertson,0. 107
Cutbell, W. S22
Dade, C. 645
Daintry, A. 645
Daropier, J. 103
D'Aguiler, G. 535
D'Aguiliar, M.
85
Dalby, H. B. 556
Dallas, Sir. T. 331
Dally, R. 108
Daly, Maj. F.D.83.
J. 558
Daifce, C.W.A. 669
Danger, C. F. 553
Daniel, G. 202. W.
T, S, 645
Daniell, J. 218
Dann, W.535
Dansey, M. 536
Danson, T. 329
Darby, Mrs. 332.
C. F. 313
Darel), W. L. 314
Darley, A. S. 201
Darling, A. R. 670
Darnell, R.M. 487.
W. 313
Dartmouth, C'teM.
84
Darton, S. 216
Darvill, R. 666
Daubeney,Capt.646
Daubeny, J.W. 202
Daubus, L. C. 106
Dauncey, S. G. 444
Davenport, J. 556
Davey, E. W. 535
Davien, C. 108. £.
666, H. 666. J.
84, ib. R. B. 84
Davis, Capt. H. S.
83. M. 220. S.
556. T. 84,109,
£01
Davy, Sir W. 645
Dawson, 110. Com.
W. 425
Day,C.20l. F.106.
M. A. 314
Dayman, H. 427
Deacon, W. R. 109
Dealy, Mr. 442
Deane, R. M. 328
Dearsley, W. H. 84
De Berckem, H. V.
^02
De Castro, D. 817
Decies, Ld.S.de200
De Courcy, F. M.
536. Hon. W. A.
85
Deering, J. P. 3 IS
De la Zoucb, Dow.
Lady 105
Dell, M. M. 801
Delpeucb, A. 669
De Luzy, M. 669
Demainbray, F.3ld
Dempster, M.880
Dendy, S. 487
Den holm, A. 536
Denison, H. S. 487
Denne, R. G. 105
Dennett, J. 446
Dennis, S. 666
Dennistoun, J. 645
Dent, M. M. 107
Despard, A. 558
De Tabley, Lady
84
DeToarviUe,C'teM
443
Devon, H. C'teu
106
Dewe, J. 556
D'Hoficuer, Bmr. P.
W. 536
Diamond, H. W.
426
Dibdin, E. A. 536
Dick, F. 487
DlckensoDy H, 436.
M. C. L. 808
Dicker, E. 85
Dickins, F, £. 85.
T. S. 646
DickinsQiT, H« S.
486. J. M. 814
Index to N'atnes,
Digby, J. 327. Lady Duncombe, Hon. Evans, G. H. 303. Forbes, £. A.
T. 535 A. 3J3. E. 328 J. 83. T. 312, Ford, Mrs. 10^
Dilke, C. W. 536 Dundas 667. D. 663 314. R. F
Dillon, Sir C. D. 426, 534. Capt. Everard, J. 109 Forsayth, R. J
667. J. 646. R. J. W. D. 534 Evered, R. 667 Fortescue, E.
C. 85 Dunlop, A. C. 646 Everest, Maj. H. B. 645. Lady L
Dimock, H. iOl Dunn, Sir D. 534. 534 Fosbroke, Y. 8-
Dinorben, Ld. 312, M. 326 Everett, H. 218 Foster, J. 312.
314 Dunniiigham J.200 Every, C. 555 A. 646
Distin, M. C. 535 Dunscomb, J. W. E wart, J. 644 Fotbergill, J. :
Dive, L. G. 216 646 Ewbank. VV. 439 Fowle,Lt.-Col..
Dixon, 109. M. F. Duppa, B. F. 218 Eyles, Capt. T. W. F. C. 664
109. T. 441. W. Durnford,C. B.6 46 312 Fowler, J. 332.
J. 314 DuVernet,J.F.202 Eyre, H. 426. R. 555
Doben, T. D. 102 Dyer, J. 556. J. H. 426 Fox, F. 646. H.
Dobret', M. 536 202. T. 665 Eyton, T. 312 L. 106. S. j
Dobson, W. 534 Easthope, A. 332 Fane, F. 313 S. L. 200
Dodd, C. A. 646. Easton, W. L. 330 Farquhar,T.N. 314 Frampton, W. t
J. 200 Eaton, M. 670. R. Farquharson, Lt.- 534
Dodgson, H. 446 J. 85. W. M.I06 Col. H. H. 645. Francis, S. 553
Dodwell, E. 217 Ebhart, F. C. 333 R. 1 1 1 Franklyn, E. 330
Doberty, Lady 220 Eccles, A. 201 Farrington, Nf. H. Franks, J. H. 55S'
Donaldson, Maj.V. Ec-kley, J. E. 84 202 Freeland, H. 426
Y. 425 Edgecombe, W. 644 Faux, J. B. 107 Freeaian, J. 646*
Donellan, Comm. Edmonstone, N. B. Favell, R. 332 J. D. 313
M. 200 202 Fawcett, Capt. D. Freer, J. B. W. 446.
Dorrill, R. 215 Edwards, E.L. 645. L. 312. H. E. R. L. 313
Doughty, CM. 314 J. W. 200. K. 646. M. A. 445 Freke, W. C. E. 646
Douglas, Rt. Hon. 442. M. C.201. Fawkes, F. F. 84. Frere, F. A. 314.
Lady 333. C.2 1 5. R. 556 Capt. R. 201 T. 553
Lt. C. 669. E. Egan, £. 328 Fawsett, J. 334 Prewen, T. 535
314. H. 558. M. Egerton, Lady E. Fell, T. 202 Frith, W. 555
426. R. H. 201 215. W. H. 427, Fenner, J. H. 441 Frost, E. 217
Dove, M. P. 553 536 Fenwick, M. 427. Fry, E. 330. J. H.
Dovell,J. 200 Egginton,S. H. 427 R. G. 557 444. P. S. 536.
Doveton, L. 313 Egremont, J. 446 Ferguson,W. J. 201 W. 553
Dowle, E. 331 Elder, E. 84 Ferrers, H. 332 Fulton,Lt..Col.313
Dowling, M. A. Elderton, C. A. 202 Field, E. B. 536. Furse, J. 666
646 Elkin, S. 328 H. W. 646 Fydell, S. R. 312
Downes, J. 644 Ellice, A. 536, 666 Figgins, L. 105 Gage, A. C. 444
Downing, 1. 109 Elliot, A. 668. Hon. Finlinson, E. J. 557 Gaggiotti, G. 85
Doyle,B.444. Capt. G. 425. R. 558. Fisher, C. 326. C. Gale, S. 644. S.J.
W. 328 T; F. 199 F. 535. E. J. 536. 331
D'Oyly, D. R. 668 Elliott, J. 313,439 F. B. 535. W. 535 Galliers, E. S. 536
Drake, Lady 444. Ellis 555. Lt.-Col. Fitzgerald, A. 201. Gallins, M. A. 646
G. T. 663 84. C. 645. Maj. C. L. 312. H. Gallwey, Maj. Sir
Drax, J. 312 F.J. 559. M. 535. Sir J. 110. W. P. 425
Drewe, A. M. 556 220. W. 83 Sir J. F. 426, 534 Gambier, S. J. 635
Drumroond, C. E, Elrington,W.F.3I4 Fiizberbert, R. R. Garden, Capt.W. 83
202. F. 85. H. Elton, M. A. 536 558 Gardiner, SirJ. 534.
201,202. H. H. Elwes, Miss 646. Fitzinaurice, Hon. Sir R. 83
425 J. M. 312. T. H. W. E. 84 Gardner, E. 556
Drury, C. 536 536 Fitzpatrick, J. H. Garland, W. 666
Duckworth, S. C. Ely, G. 330 M. 329 Gamier, B. N. 426.
666 Eroerton, M. 556 Fiizroy, A. 313 Lady C. 200. T.
Ducrow, 555 Emmett, E. 536. Fleming, J. W. 427 534
Dudley, C. M. 221. G. N. 536 Fletcher, Lady 645. Garnons, G. G.
J. 110, 443 Ennos, M. 667 M. 330 328
Duff, Capt. G. 83 Ensor, J. 535 Flint, A. 646. W. Garrett 200
Dukinfield, E. 554 Erskine, Hon. D. C. 534 Gaselee, H. 552
Dumerque, F. 314 535. Rt. Hon. Flower, C. 646 Gaskill, E. 219
Dunbar, H. 646. J. T.83 Fonblanque, J. S. Gaskin, N. E. 442
314, 668. Sir W. Esmonde, M. 558 M. de G. de 83 Gayer, C. 313
645 Espinassp, R. 217 Fonnereau, C* W. Geare, E. 85 -
Duncan, Visc'tess Esseu, P. von 644 327 Gedge, Mrs. 557
426. F. 84. Essex, E, 217 Foord, T. 555 Gehle, H. 85
088
Geldurt, J. 109,114.
J. W. 100
Gene«t, J. lOi
r.eiitle, J. 447
r.eriKin, P. 'A»2
(tiiihunt, (•. 5.'6
GiUoii, C. W. 84.
J. 42G
Gilbert, II. E. 314.
J. I). 31*2
Gilft, J. 1>. S^OO
Gillfupii-, 2'J'i. J.
Gillmiir, A. T. G44
Gilpin, M. 103. R.
T. 425
Giorfri, L. E. 'J02
Girdleslone, .1. G.
4'iG. W. E. 327
Gis.bi.riip, W. 220
Gist, \V. 313
GlvtUtRiies, E. 553
Glfi^, G. 6CA
GleiiUon, Lil. 201
Giyn, G. C 83
GIvnii, G. C. 84.
S. 555
Gofldani, A. 535.
n. N. 536
Gottelroy, J. 669
Godfrey, J. 105
Goltiie, Maj. T. L.
425
Goldin^, S. 201
Gold&cl)inidr,A.1 1 1
Gonipertz, R. 215
Goorh, J. H. 426
Gooday, P. S. 328
Goodman, J. 667*
Capt. S. E. 425
Goodrich, L.C. 427
Good ridge, Dr. 333
Goodwin, G. 105
Gordon, A. I. 314.
Mai. C. E. 83.
SirF. 109. J.216,
314. J. C. M.
201. W. 109,314
Gore, A. 333. Lt.
G. 559
Goring, C. R. 443
Goss, C. 441
Gotch, C. 555
Gougr^S Mai. -Gen.
SirH. 199. R. D.
312. W. R. 219
Go»l(), E. W. 553.
Lt.N. 106. Capt.
W. B. 110
Gower, E. 646. W.
L. 426 ib.
Graham 330. J. 557
W. A. 84. W. B.
C. 333, 659
Index to Names.
Grainger, II. 646
Gram 666, A. 313.
Sir A.C. 644. F.
666, H.645. M.
A. 441. W. 331
Gravatt, Lt. T. 558
Grave II, F. 669
Gray, Mr, 645. G.
84. R. 440. R.
C. 6 15
Greavi'fi, E. E. E.
313
Green, Mrs. 329.
E«. 3«0. Ei. L<.
535. (i. E. 427.
J. 201,314. M.
331. S. A. 557.
W. 220
Grfene, E. 314. II.
J. 102. J. 219
Greenfield, B. W.
201
GreensaP, J. 85
Greeiitree, T. 668
Greenwood, E. 330.
J. 332. R. II. 103
Greer, Lt. J. M. 534
Gregory, A. W. 201.
H.556. Rt.Hon.
W. 668
Greville, F. 646
Grey, A. L. W. 557.
Sir C. E. 84. L.
J. H. 201. M.201
Griffin, E. F. 201
Griffith, C. 201. F.
L. 552. M. 332,
443. T. H. 667
Griffiths, E. 331.
M. J. 555
Grosvenor, Ld. 443.
Lady R. 645.
Ld. R. 425
Grove, P. 332
Grundon, E. 107
Gubhins, H. 200
Gnillemard, L. 445
Guinness, H. 109
Gordon, W. 2^)0
Gurney, W. 200
Guthrie, E. A. 329
Gwyn,M. 216
Hadden, H. F. 553.
R. D. 314
Haddon,T. C. 313,
536
Hadley, W. S. 200
Haggitt, M. 553
Ualburd, R. 425
Halcombe, J. 313
Hale, M. A. 536.
M. B. 427
Halkett, Lt. H.
668
IIan,A. W. 84. H.
105. J. 331, 443.
R. 314. S. 668.
W. J. B. 552
Halliday 557. A.
552, 555. S. 332
Halls. B. 85. E. 221
Halsey, T. P. 84
Hamersley, H.3I2
Hamilton, A. M.
426. F. 535, 552.
H. 645. H. B.
426. I. 536. J.
109. J. J. 664.
J. R. 426
Hammi<'k,S. L.105
Hammond, T. tl.
535. F. G. 645.
S. L. 646
Hampson, Capt. £.
644
Hanburgh, J. 534
Hancock, M. 444.
R. 441
Haiidcoik, E. 558
Hankey, T. A. 83
Hankin, G. Ill
Hanley, J. 663
Hannam, E. 427
Hanson, J. 104.
K. 668
Hanwell, E. C. 314
Harberton, Dow.
Visc'tess 220
Harbin, C. 219
Harborne, R. 332
Harcourt, Mrs. 645
Hardcastle, J. A.
536
Hardesty, C. 105
Harding, J. H. 84
Hardinge, H. 84
Hardwick, S. M.
218
Hardwicke2l7
Hare, C. 444. J. C.
534
Harewood, C'tess
of 332
Harford, M. 666,
S. 312
Hargrave8,M.A.554
Harman, A. 2l7f J*
553
Harraden, E. 552
Harridge, D. F. 103
Harries, G. J. 427
Harris, C. 220. S.
445. T. N. 425
Harrison, 556. A.
536. A. G. 646.
C. 444, 446. E.
105, 427. F. G.
634. G. 646. G.
A. 669. H. O.
665. J. 441. J.
H. 105
Han, F. 42T. S.A.
313. W. 314
Hartley, Mrs. 334.
£. 222
Hartopp, E. B. 645
Hanrey, Capt. 535.
D. \V. 84. M.
1 10, 328
Harward, J.N. 645
Harwi>od667. C.84
Hase, Mrs. 665
Ha^Jewood, G. H.
101. W. 536
Hassall, J. 313
Haste, P. 329
Hastings, W. 328
Hatch, C. 84
Hattait, R. A. 427
Haviland,A.D. 667
Hawes, B. 83. M.
109
Hawkins, G. A. 85.
J. 535
Hawks, Sir R.S.44S
Hawley, R. M. 558
Hay, A. 646. Capt.
J. 83. Maj. J.223
Hayes, J. 534. T.
646
Hayganb, Mr. 665
Hayiies, A. T. 445
Head, A. 554. Sir
E. 426
Headly, H. 426
Heald, R. 314
Hearn, C. 85. R.
T. B. 85
Heatb,J.G. L.332.
M. 107. W. 553
Heathcote, G. 1-02
Heatley, M.S18
Hebd«n,E. 105,215
Hele, R. H. S. 103
Helsharo, E. 6GB
Hemiiig, D. 312
Hendry, H. F. 201
Heneage, E. 645
Henniker, M. 554
Henshaw, G. H. G.
202
Hensman, H. 426
Henty, T. 668
Hepburn, Sir T. B.
645
Hepbunip, C. 558
Hereford, Bp.of SOI
Herrini^, Col. 109
Herrey, M. P. 443
Heslop, ( . C. 555
Hewitt, LadyM.313
Hewlett, A. ^200
Index to Names.
Hewsoni D. 668.
F. 645. M. A. 85
Hey gate, A. 331
Heytesbury, Hon.
• F. A. A*C. 332
Hey wood, T. 312
Hicks-Beacb, Sir
M. H. 312
Hickson, B. 334
Higgins 558
Higbmore,F.N.200
Hildyard, F. 200
Hill, E. 218. £. L.
445. F. M. 220.
H. 334. J. 84,
217. M. 446.
Lady M. 426
Hiliersden,S. F.217
Hillersdun, J. 105
Hilton,Capt.W.559
Hinckesman, J. 556
Hinuber, Col.A.554
Hippesley, H. 312
Hiron, E. 427
Hitcbcock, R. 441
Hitcbins.L.H. 646
Hoare,H.R. F. 555
Hobbes, C. M. 201
Hobhouse, Sir J. C.
312
Hockley 667
Hodgkin, J. 327
Hodgkin8on,C.328
Hodgson, A. 441.
E. 667. F. 534.
H. 333. J. F. 534.
M. R. 202. R. S.
426. W. 84
Hodson, Dr. 222.
K. 104
Hogg, J. W. 200.
I. J. 313
Hoggart, M. 108
Hole, A. R. 202. J.
W, 443
Holford, G. C. 426
Holland, £. 329.
G. 426. J. 107.
M. 427
Hollingwortb,Arch-
deacon 645. N. J.
101. 0. 645
HoUist, J. 108
Hollond, R. 535
HoUoway, S.A.332
Holmes, A. 314.
W. S. 314
Holmesdale, Visc*-
tess 84
Holroyd, £. 83. J.
216
Holt, F. 334
Honeywoody P. J.
H.534
Gent. Mag. Vol.
Hood, Vi8c'tess645.
Lady M. 84
Hook, S. 85
Hooper, Capt. 329.
J. 665. T. 645.
T. C. 535
Hope, Lady A. 445.
Capt. C. B. b34,
R. 556
Hopkins, Capt. E.
P. 552. H. G.
314. M. 554
Hornby, E. D. 442
Horndon, Maj. J.
D.554. W.D.314
Home, E. 85
Horner, Maj. J. B.
334
Horton,E. 314,426
Hotchkin, F.S.314
Hotbam, F. 314
Hougb, E. 535
Hougbton, L. 332
Houldricb,H.L.536
How, A. G. 313
Howard, A. 427.
Hon. B. E. 441.
Hon. J. 200
Howell, A. 439. B.
85
Hoy, J. 445
Huddle8ton,M.669
Hudson, Miss 109.
J. 103. J. J. 102
Hugbes, H. 84. J.
328. R. R. 84
Hull, E.215
HuUett, J. 200
Hulton, S. 219
Humpbries, M.536
Hummerston, £.
201
Hunloke, Sir H. J.
J. 312
Hunt, C. A. 102.
W. C. 218
Hunter, T. 552
Huntley, H. V. 84
Hurd,J.314
Hurlock, S. 443
Hurst, N. 330.
Capt. R. H. 312.
W. 84-
Husband, C. 106
Hu88ey,LadyM.552
Hustler, J. 442
Hutcbesson, Le M,
F. 222. S. 220
Hutcbins,E.J.200.
J. 327
Hutchinson, A. C.
329. Hon. C. H.
84. J, 202,646.
XIII.
M. T. 202. T. F.
427
Hutton, Comm. F.
534
Ibbott, M. 217
Iggulden, E. 535
llbery, J. 447, 668
Ingest re, Lady S.535
Jnnes, Miss 222.
W. M. 534
Irby,Hon.P.A.426
Iremonger,T.L.644
Irlaro, G. B. 219
isle wood, A.M. 201
Ivory, J. 644
Jackson, C. 201.
E. S.85. J. 215,
218,446. R. no.
W. B. 85
Jacob, J. H. 427
Jacques, D. 555
Jago, M. A. 666
James, F. 106. J.
102,200. T. 534,
536. W. 84
Jarrett, J.3I2. W.
L. 426
Jarvis, A. F. 201.
C. M. G. 646. E.
444
Jeaffreson, H. 535
Jebb, R. 447
JeflFray, L. W. 536
JefF.eys, H. 330.
H. A. 84. J. G.
646. M. R. 314
Jeffries, T. 107
Jenkins, Lady 535.
G. D. 220. H. C.
552. J. C. 426.
W. 221
Jerningbam, F. 535
Jervois, A. M. 556
Jeston, R. G. 426
Jobnson, R. 556
Jobnstone, Hon.
Miss 426
JollifFe, Lady.426
Jones, C. 330. E.
201. G. 426. H.
P. 645. J. 327.
Capt. J. 644. L.
202. W. 202
Jordan, J. 1 1 1
Jordeson,T. P. 201
Jorge, J. 1 1 1
Joy, H. H. 535
Keane, Lt.-Gen.
Sir J. 83
Keating, M. 558
Keene, W. 666
Keitb, C. H. 536.
Maj. J. 83. P. 439
Kelly, W. 427
Kdso, S. 554
Kemble, J. M.
Kempson, M. {
Kendall, E.
Capt. G. 44i
Ketinaway,C.E '
Kennedy, J. i
W. L. 426
Kent, E. 85. R.<
W. 445
Kenyon, L. A. !
Kerr, W. F. 84
Kersbaw,Capt.J.I
Kersteman, Lt.- .
Col. 330
Key, S. 85
Kidman, T. 553
Kier, E. M. 557
King, J. 103, 429,
552. M. F. 646.
Hon.P. J.L.312.
W.E. 109
King4cote,T.H.425
Kingsley, A. 314
Kingston, L.H. 442
Kinlocb, J. 215
Kinnaird, Ld. 84,
200
Kinneir, C. M. 332
Kinsman, M.J. 427
Kintore, L. C*tes8
of 536
Kipling, J. 103
Kirke, Lt.W. F.556
Kirkland, N. 330
Kiscb, B.441
Kitson, E. P. 445.
L 107. Maj. J.
425. W. C. 534
Kittoe, L. C. 646
Knigbt,E.427,554.
J. 646. W. 108
KnoUis, F. M. 200,
313
Knott, Maj. 666.
R. R. 84
Knowles, J. 441
Labatt, E. 645
Laboucbere, Rt.
Hon. H. 645
Lacon, A. G. 314
Ladbroke, F. 446
La Farque, M. M.
444
Lafone, A. R. 201
Laing, Capt. 668
Lake, G. H. 85
Lamb, G. F. 85. S.
85. I. A. 646
Lambart, Hon. R.
W. 219
Lambert, J. 216
R. W. 84
Lambirtb, F. 536
4 T
690
La Muiit, 11. 5&(i
Landon, E. II. 20S
Landsetr, J. V17
Lane, S. KN, 441
Lan^, 11. a AG
Langfiflii, J. GA'i
LaiiKslow,M.S.'JOI
LaiiRtoii, A.W.<2()0
Laiiyon, C. A. GG7
Larcum, T. A. 535
Lardiier, C. lOG
Larken, C. '201
Lascelles, Ri.Hon.
E. V. 334
Latham, F. 314
LaTouche.J.\V.(J45
Lauro, C. L. 3'JB
Lavie, C. 9'.M
Law, Hon. II. S.
420'. J. 83. W.
901
Lawrance, C. 555
Laurence, M rs.!^ 1 8.
A. 111. F. C.314
W. R. 330
Lawrenson, Maj, J.
199
Lawson, C. S20. J.
216. W. 312. W.
F. 107.
Lax, M. 107
Lay, E. J. 333
Lea, G. 313
Leach, S. 2S0
Leacock, S. C. 669
LeBa8,L. 427,535
Le Blanc, Mr8.666.
A. 85
LeBoutellier,G.552
Lee, Miss 315. T.
22 1 , 557
Leeke, W. 534
Lees, W. 535
Leete, M. 441
Lefevre, M. 668
Le Gard, Lady 84
Lebair, A. 443
Leigh, J. 329
LeitriiD, C'tess of
329
Le Keus, R. 553
Le Mesurier, A. E.
536
Lennpriere, H. 427.
J. 104
Lennox, Ld. G. 425
Leilie,F. A. P.427
Lethbridge, A. 427
Lettsom, Capt. S.
200
Leveson, Ld. 425
Levett, T. 108
Lewes, F. A. 559
Itulex to Nitmes.
Lewis, A. 219. C.
5.'>>f. C L. 85.
E. S. 200. J. W.
312. 11. 536. R.
W. 645. S. 558.
Capt.W.G. I. no
Leybourne, T. 442
Liddle, C. 446
LiKhtfuot, J. 329
Lilford, Lady 645
Lilley, E. 201
Lincoln, Earl of 044
Linley, Mrs. 221
Linton, E. 313
Lippincolt,R.C.202
Lipirap, A. 646
Lister, E. A. \V.
446. S. 557
Listowell, C'tess
535. Earl 312
Livie, J. 216
Llewellyn, R. 312.
\V. 667
Lloyd, A. 85. D.
109. G. P. 312.
Capt. J. 83. L.
427. M. 218
Locke, G. W. 427
Lockhart, Sir N.
M. 645
Lockyer, N. 85
Loggin, W. C. 329
Lomax, E. 313
Lomer, A. 217
Iiong,G. 107. W.
J. 426
Longdon, C. S. 314
Longridge, G. H.
221
Lord, F. 536
Lorimer, M. 445
Louden, A. 1 10
Loughborough, T.
314
Loughnan, A. H.
314
Loveday,A.2I9,330
Lovett, C. 221. R.
534
Low, J. 667. Lt.
R. 445
Lowe, Capt.A.C.83
Lowndes, E.S. 201.
W. 84. W. S. 84
liowtbian, J. 440
Loxbam, A. 330
Lucas, J. 107
Ludlow, A. 202
Lumb, W. 85
Lumley, Lady A.
M. 667. Hon.
Sir W. 644
Luscombe, S. 534
Lusbington, S. 215
Lye, M. A. 427
Lyell, M. 202
Lynn, Lt. J. 425
Lyon, C. W. 332
Lyons A. B.T. 313.
Capt. Sir E. 644
Lysagbt, Hon. J. A.
313
Lyttelton, Lady557
MacauUy , Rt . Hon.
T. B. 200
M*Barnet, Mrs. 646
Macbraire, J.J.I 11
Mac Call, G. 536.
Capt. G. 312
M'Caul, J. 201
M'Cbeaiie, J. 313
M'Creight, W. W.
201
M*l)ivett, J. IC7
Macdonald, E. H.
646. J. 202. Lt..
Col. R. 83
M'Donell, Dr. A.
327
M*Uougall, Maj. J.
534
M'Dowell, Maj. G.
L. 83
MacfarUne, Lt.-
Col. A. 109. D.
645
M' Hardy, Com. 200
Mac Intosh, C. 669
Mackay, A. 535
Mackenzie, C. H.
G. 442. Hon.F.
C. 669. H. M.
333. P. J. C. 85
Mackerell, W. 666
Mackeson,H.S.202
Mackie, E. F. 554.
F. W. 328. Maj.
W. 110
M'KinnoD, Capt.
G. 644.
Mackretb, E. 801
Maclacblan, Lt.-
Col. A. 644
Maclaren,Maj.J.83
Maclaughlin, D.
644
Maclean, H. 646
Macleod, G. 223,
333. Sir J. 318
Madite, D. 313
M'Mahon,SirB.B.
84
MacnagbteOiW. H.
83
Maenamam, Miai
447
M*Pbers(>n, Lt..
Col. 696. M>ij.
D. 425. J. 447.
L. M. S. 427
Macvicar, J.G. 202
Maddox, J. 553
Magan, G. E. 314
Magovern, P. 1 10
Maine, J.T. 84,313
Mainwaring,T. 312
Maison, Mars. 669
Maitland, C. 209.
E. 313. M. A*
202. P. 84. T.644
Majendie, Mr«. 107
Miyor, J. P. 201
Malan, M. M. 557
Malcidm, Capt. G.
A. 83
Malim, E. 108
Malrng, H. M. 442
Maliby, E. 108. H.
J. 314
Mann, £. 202
Manning, J. 313
Mantel], H. M. 442
MargetU, J.M.443
Markbam, E. 314.
H. W. 446. W.
R. 646
Marrable, T. 425
Marriott, A. 555.
R.645
Mand«n, J. H. 534
Manb 106. C. 486.
W.646
MartbaU W. 801
Manball, C. 636.
J.44I.Hoh.Mr».
H. C. 535. W.
C.669
MarsbaiD, J. 489
Marsbman,J.R^808
Manoiif L. S. 85
Marten, R: H. 106
Mania,D.443. G.
486. P. 830. &
536
Martineau, C. 328
Martins, W. 318
Marton, G. 800
Martyr, a. 557
Mash, Sir:T. 448
MasfcelyiM, W. 557
Madin,M.891
Allaton, E. 330* W.
444
Mau^, T. 80Q
MaMte, Conm. T.
L.534
Master, T.C. 536
Mastenpna&t L* 487
MatlMWf Cl^..535.
' R.9I6
Inde9 to Names,
Mathews, S. E. 6^5
Mattass, W. 334
Kfattbew, R. 443.
Mattbev, M. C. C.
. A. 334
Maughan, J. 902
Mauly, E. 329
Maunsell, Capt. R.
644
Maurice, T. 31 3
Maxwell, G. 85. W.
C. 313
May, S. 536
Maynard, Hon. C.
H.313
Mayne, M. 991
Maysoiiy S. Q6Q
Meara, J. 103
Medley, H. St. J.84.
J. W. 536
Medhurst, G.W.W.
667
Meeke, W. B. 425
Meergv, M. 554
Meilan, A. 108
Mellan, A. 552
Mellersh, W.P.645
Melvil, R. 668
Melvill, H. 534
Mercer, E. 202.
Maj. H. 106. Lt.
W. R. 217
Mercier, M. 216
Merrick, H. 202
Merriinan,N. J.426
Merry, S. 218
Michel, Capt.J.425
Michell, Mrs. 331
Middleton, B. 442.
J. 108
MitviJie, J. F. 327
Miles, A. QQQ
Mill, H.554
Miller, Mrs. 216.
C. 536. S. 444.
T. 104,330
Mills, A. 646. A.
H. 445. E. 667.
J. 84
Miln, J.222
Milner, R. 645
Millies, 331
Milward, A. W. 669
Minet, J. 535. W.
B. 427
Minter, A. 85
Mitchell,Capt.F.T.
644. J. 552
Mitton, J. 645
M()ffatt,C.10l. E.
M. D. 646
Moor, Maj. H.536.
Moore, Dr. 427. A.
J. 85. E. 200.
E. M. 201. F.
H. 334. M.333.
R. 645. T. D.84.
W, 219
Mooser, A. 335
Moncorvo, Bar'esi
de 313,441
Monerieffe, Capt.
200. Capt.G. 312
Money, J. H. 646
Montagu, Hon. Mrs.
535, Capt. J. W.
535
Montague,C.F.665.
Capt. J. W. 84
Monrjeagle, Lady
108
Monteatb, Lt.-Col.
T. 83
Montgomery, M.F.
443
Morell, T. 552
Morgan, F.109
Morris, S. 221
Morrison, J. 425,
W. H. 332
Mortiiner,G. F. W.
534
Mortlock,Mrs. 106,
114. T.3I2
Morton 445. E.447,
646, 668. J. QQQ
Mostyn, Hon. E.L.
425. Hon. E. M.
L. 312. H. 645
Mottley, G. 554
Mount, C. M. 426.
S. 107
Mow bray, A. 443
Moyle, Capt. 202
Moysey, F. L. 645
Mud^e, S. E.314
Munbee, C. E.
202
Mundell, Lt. H. J.
222
Mundy, Capt. G. C.
199
Muntz, G. F. 200
Murdock, W. 109
Murphy, S. 314
Murray, A. J. 646.
E. 314. Hon.F.
313
Musgrave, Sir G.
312
Muson, M. 221. S.
557
Myers, F. 218
Mylne, J. 222
Nalson, J. 200, 202
Napier, G. 644
Narishkin, Prince
669
Neale, E. 332
Neave, Hon. Mrs.
201
Neilson, E. A. 330
Nelley, Capt. J. P.
83
Nevill, A. 646. J.
328
Neville, J. P. 645
Nevinson, 552
Newcole, Lt.W.222
Newcomb, C. G.
202
Newdigate,Lady B.
53S
Newman, R.F.I 08.
T. 427
New march, J. 557
Newsam, P. 427
Newton,C.220. W.
83,551
Nibi, Prof. 334
Nicbolls, Miss, 331.
H. J. 444
Ninholson,H. 1.200.
J. 326. M. 427,
536. Lt. W. 558
Nicolay. Lt.-Gen.
Sir W. 83
Nicolls, A. J. 535.
M.329
Niess, Lt. J. 218
Nightingale, J. 83
Noakes, J. 444
Noble, R. 101. W.
201
Noel, Hon.C.G.3I2
Nolan, J. 103. J.
333
Nonely, R. M. 108
Norcott,E. D. 313
Norgate, T. S. 645
North, E. F. 334
Northcote, 557
Nott, J. N. 314
Nugent, Lady R.
646
Nunn, W. 664
Nurse, J. 326
Oakden, R. QQQ
Oakeshott, M. H.
107
Oakley, W. H. 85
O'Brien, Capt. H.
536
OXallaghan, H.313
O'Connell, M. 313
O'Connor, M. 558
O'Donovan. M. 101
Ogilvy, J. 426
Ogle, Capt. B. N.
333
0'Hanlon,H.M.646
Olbers 67O
Oldacres, S.L. i
Oldfield, C. 222
Oldham, J. 3
Oliphant, Maj.
Oliver, C. 217..
221,558. J.H.5
Oliverson, A. 2$
Onslow, Maj.W.<
Orchard, T. 201
Ofd, J. C. 536
Orde, E. A. 554
Ormerod, O. 534
Orton, A. C. 329
Osborne, G. 102. J«
P. 536
Owen, J. 425. L.
221
Oxenbam, W. 645«
S. G. 558
Page, J. R. 84. R«
83
Paget, Capt. F. 200.:
312. S. H. 425
Pakenbam, Arch-
d*n 426
Palmer, C. B. 552.
C.J. 314. Lt. G.
200.SirG.J.312.
H. 85. J. H. 83.
L. W. 442. N.
442. S. S. 644
Pampbilt, Prin. D.
535
Papendick, C. 665
Papilon, J. 427
Pardy, VV. 444
Pares, T. J. T. 202,
426
Paris, F. 201
Park, Mrs. 328
Parker, A. 555. H.
108. J. 106
Parkes, A. 444. J.
T. 441
Parkin, Coram. 425
Parlby, S. 106
Parr, J. O. 313
Parry, A. 219. A.
M. 427. Sir L.
P.J. 312
Parslow, J. 218
Parsoiis, Mrs. 445.
Maj. J. b. 83
Pan ridge, J. A.426
Pasley.SirT. S.535
Patch, R. B. 551
Patten, R. ^7
Paterson, M. 106
Patterson, E. A.536
Patlinson, W. 327
Paty, Col. G. W.83
Pavis, A. 217
Payne, A. J. 85
Payiiter, S. L. 202
69^ Index to Name;
Pt-Ach, M. 9^0 PickerinfT, F. 31G. Eye, H. J. 319 Robertson, E. 534
Pearuck, C. 319 T. 11. 313 Pyne, H. 536 Robins, S. 496
Pearce, S. 553 Pickstone, T. 3)5 Quartly, H. 6*66 Robinson, A. 105.
Pearson, H. 535. H. Picton, C. M. 558 Quin, Comm. W. E. 109> 437. Sir
S. (}70. S. 108 Pidsley, J. 339 H. 435 6.S.486. H. 313.
Peat, Cupt. A. C.83 PiRot, F. 320 RadcliflFe, Mrs. 555. 534. R, 555. W.
Pecliel, Sir J. 534 PijToit, F. 303. T. W. C. 646 316
Peddle, J. 337 439. W. 300 R»f?((ett, R. 319 Robson, J. SOI
Pedler, Lt. Col. P. Pike, J. 107 Raikes, G. 331 Ruby, J. 103
W. 84 Pilfrrim, C. A. 302 Ram, S. 535 Robyns, T. 101
Pell, Col. 554 Pilkington, H. 199 R«ndell, J. H. 105 Rocheid, J. 669
Pelleau, H. 314 Piiider, Prof. 313 Randolph, H. 313 Rocliffe, W. L. 331
rellefrrini, D. 669 Pitt, C. 663 Ranfurly, C'tess of Rodney, Dow. Lady
Pfllew, F. U. 333 Place, R. H. 554 334 553
Peml.erton, Mrs. Plasker, C. C. 666. Ranken, H. 436 Roe, E. T. 303
5r)6. C. 446 Sir R. 535 Rnpier, C. 663 Rogers, E. 313. J.
Pcnlenze, J. S. 534 Plincke, A. 556 Rawdon, J. D. 644 317, 666. Capt.
Pennefather, Dr. J. Plowden, L. C. 436 Rawes, J. 300. W. W. H. 4S6
101. S. S14 Plumptre, M. 444 646 RoUeston, C. F. A.
Penny, Mrs. 331. Plunket, M. 558 Rawlinson, E. 446. 645. J. 535
B. 339 Potiiler, A. 669 H. 85. S. 301 Rolt, H. B. 536
Pennycuick, Maj. Pole, R. 301 Rawson, W. F. 831 Rooke, G. 107, 316
J. 83 Pollexfen, G. 85 Raye, C. M. 303 Roper, 645. C. R.
Penruddorke, C. Pollock, R. 314 Raymond, J. 535 645. L. A. 301
108. 436 Pomfret, C'tess 535 Rayne, Mrs. 553 Rose, J. 300
Peiiyston, U. 445 Ponsonby F. I. 313 Rayner, E. 314 Roseberry, Earl of
Pepys, E. 535. H. Poole, A. C. 555. Raynes, M. J. 330 435
300 F. 557 Read, M. 301 Ross, A. E. 645.
Perceval, Mrs. 218. Poore, A. M. 301. Reade, J. B. 84 Col. Sir H. D.
Hon. A. P. 201. E. 536 Reay, S. 436 644. J. 319
Hon. C. 443. £. Pope, Arcbd'on 313 Reece, R. 536 Russer, £. H. 437
645 Portal, A. 437 Reeve, J. 313 Roug^hton, W. 445
Perigal, L. A. 314 Portman, F. B. 534 Reid, Lt. Col. G. A. Rouse, J. 338
Pern, S. 317 Pott, A. 313 534 Rowlands, D. 800
Perrin, E. S. F.303. Potter, J. 436 Relion, E. W. 436 Rowlandson, A. 83.
M. 313 Pottinger, Lf. E. Rendlesham, Lady Lf. G. 85
Persse, P. 441. Lt. 83,84. Col. H. 436 Rowiett, W. 444
Col. W. 83 83. Capt. W. 534 Rennell, T. 106 Roxburghe, Duke
Peter, W. 534 Powell, J. C. 437. Renton, S. E. 441 of 485
Peters, C. C. 319. Capt. T. S. 83. Reynolds, H. L. Royle, J. 669
E. 535. F. M.645 P. L. 536 314. L. 104. M. Rucker, H. J. 448
Petley, E. 107 Power, A. B. 313 555 Rudd, S. 801
Pett, J. F. 85 Powys, H. P. 313 Ricardo, M. 535 Rudge, C. K. 109.
Pew, Maj. P. L. 83 Prendergast, C. L. Rice, E. 436. Hon. E. J. 84
Phayre, M. 313 109 S. 300 Rue, W. de la 314
Phelps, J. B. 106 Presburg, C. 334 Rich, C. L. H. P. Rumball, F. C. 85
Philipps, L. 669 Prescott, 555. C. 556. E. A. 301 Rumsay, W. 8. 808
Philips, A. M. 313. 333 Richards, E. 666 Ruppel, L. Ill
J. 536 Prettejohn, J. 536 Richardson, M. M. Russell, L. 801. M.
Phillimore, Lady Prettvman, R. 84 315 330. M. A. 808.
645 Priaulx, H. St. G. Richman, J. 556 W.645.Ld.W.534
Phillipps, M. A. 646 Rickards, R. F. B. Ruthven, Hon. W.
318. Price, Dr. 303. E. 314 817
Phillips, C.H. 644. 557. J. L. 313. Ricketts, £. 830. J. Ryoroft, Sir R.
G. P. 85. H.645. M. 436 318 486
J. F. 106. Capt. Prickett, 105 Rideout, G. 303 Ryder, C. 666
J. H.559. L. 557. Pritchard, Comro. Rider, M. A. 444 Sadler, A. 886. S.
T. 83. Capt. T. 300. J. H. 107 Rimell, £. 300 318
J. 644. W. 437 Proctor, J. 338 Ripley, H. R. 440 Sainsbury, C. W. 85
Philpot, Maj. Gen. Prole, Maj. G. N. Risley, E. L. 437 St. Alban'i» Dach.
P. 644 110 Roadley, C. 437 535
Philpott, J. 338 ProBser, R. 101 Roberts, Lt. Col. A. St. Qoentiny M^.
Phipps A. C. 645 Prust, E. T. 331 83. C. C. 300. £. M. C. D. 199
Hon. Mrs. £.535 Pryce, M. 317 101. E. B. 816. Sale, Col. R. H. 88*
H. 666. Lady M. Puckle, C. 301 J. 313. M. 808. ift.
426 Puget, H. C. 308 R. 308 Salman, W* S. 534
Inift to Names. 693
Salmon,S.!SO Sbee,W.313 Sorell.T. S. 669 Stourton, Hun. W.
SkIi, M. H.S Sheen, O. S. 411 Souihnaud 666 SOO
Sailer, Ma). II. F. Sbrplierd, F. 645. Spenkmxn, R. 445 Stowc;, A. 313
83, W. 333 J- 439 SpMrmin,A,Y.435 Slriny, S, A. 201
S«lvin, H. 536 Ii>i441 Spetiii, J. 669
S*lway, E. 667 Spencer, Hon. T.
S-ms. S. 338 G. 313
Samuel, R. 101 Spiccr, D. &a5 IS5
Satidet, F. 101 ^ Spiiu, C. 104 Simntham, M. 331
S^niirord.A. 919 »hari, O. 3Se. E. Spudc, A. M. S35 Siraton, Lt, Gen.
S*nJwitlj, Lt. Col. 219 Spr»nger, J. 666 Sir J, 644
B. 83 Shortland, G.T. G46 Spread, Mij. 558 Siriekland, W. 90S
Siriceiii, W. St, G. Shorn, F. 222 Spurrier, A, 339 Slringer, W. H.
CVj Sliuiileworrh, Mix Siable, M. 1D4 108. M. 316
Sauii.lerson, Hon. 332. E. 218, 313. Slack, Cap!. R. 83 Slrode, M^j. C. H.
MiB. 300 f- ^S Sincpoole, Lf. Col. 43S. S. StII
Saurii.,L,adyM.333. Silva, Dom P. d« H. 319 Stron|t, G. 20«
M.A.3UI 334 SlalTurd, M. L. 331 Stnidoieke.H. 557
Savage, J. 4S:,535. Sime, Capt. R. 916 Sulker, U, Cut. F. Slutrt, A. 313. G.
R. 317 Simpton, C. S.436. M3 F. 219. W. F.447
Savidge, M. S20 H. W. 436. R. Stamer, W. 534 Slubbi, H. J. 667.
Savile, G. 336 645 Stai^bioueh. E. 903 H. 930
SavilU, Hull. P. 535 Sims, W. H. 104 Slanhope, E. 536 Sluddert, F. 313
Sinclair, J. 84. W. Sianley, C. 302. Siylet, W. 644
04 201 Hod. Mn.C. 535. Suckling, R. A.646
Skeggt, G. 398 G. 3. 436 SogdiD, W. J. 930
SchuleRrlrl, T. 557> Skrimibcr, 300 'S. Suneei, A. J. 536.
T. C. 446 .;Sia. E. 85. E. A. 536
Sirhuniberg, A. 667 S lOB
Schroder, J. B.43T Slac 104,443. SUrbuck, L. 109
IS S- ^67 Soirk, J. B3 Swaiawn, S. 333
Scobell,A. 554.R.A. Sladc, H>j. M. J. Siarkey, J. E. A. Swann,C.H.436
442 313. S. 303 84 Swalm.n, E. 397
Scon, Hon. Mn. Siarr, T. 445 S-nj, M. A. 202
535. C. 85. C»pr. S[«lher, L, 85 A. 399
G. 390. i. 105, Sluut, J.S16 Siead, 5. 85
667. Capt. J.300. SlyHeld, D. E. 670 Sleel, Ll. Col. 1117. Sitymmer, B.B.686
Lt. Col.J.B3.M. Slyib, R. 301 Sir R. 669 Syme, I. 444
A. 314. R. 436. Smealon, J. 447 JS? Symci, A. 318. R.
W. 900 Smtib, 107. A. 496. Siaphcnaon, E.669. 427,536
Scraiiun, R. 106 A. F. 437, 535. J. 669 3tmond». R. G67
Scully, J. 441 C. 105, 64G. C. Sicrne, Capt. W. Symont, M. L, 809,
Sealy, H. 668. J. E. 645. C, F.534. 49S T. C. 909
P. 668 E. 314, 496. F. Sleuarl, W. V. 535 Taboii.H. lOT
Semon,J.442 C. 110. F. H. Sie.ena, H. 436 Talbol, W, H. F.
Seaoard, J. 446 427. H. 3)3, 437, Slerenioii, H. J. 313
Seeker, A. 331 44l. H. C. 902, 645. Ll.Col.T.e3 Tallend, C. 85
Seiel, G. S. 445 Col, H.G. 435. J. Sleward, C, II I Tanner, J. 931
Selwyn, F. E. 552 N. 534. Sir L, Sleoart, E. M. 109. Taubman, Capt. J.
Sciiur, B. 646 199. Maj. L. 9. Sir H. 645. J. T.G.3I3
Serranlr, Mrt. 445 104. R. 85,558. 555. Col. J. 106. T«>rey, F. 108
Se«ell,Hon. J.334 S. 339. 3. J. lOH R. 104. S. A.552 T«yler, H. 497
Seymour, Li. F.435. Smytb, Hon. Mn. Stockenairoin, A. Taylor, B. 446. B.
J.G,444 M5. Lt. Col. C. 435 «99. C. L. 85.
Sh..rkry, Dr. P. 333 83. 0.314 Sioddart, J. F. MO H. 84. J. 109.
Sharp. R. W. 663 Smyihe, T. W. 645 Sioker, H. 436 T. J. 333. W
Slwrpe, S.J. ;(S9 Smylhiea, E. 314 Stuke., A. S. 921 105,109. W. A.
Shaw, A.M. C.2I9. Snell, N. 446 Slunebam, T. 900 309
S. 554 Sn«]d, T. 663 3 ton or, C. 333. C. Tcbb«, E. C. 85
Sbearinwi, J. 443 Sou.deii, P. A. 323 H. 331 Teed, E. J. S3S
694
Index to Names,
T«Trv, G. T. 000.
C-apt. J. 414
ThirkwfcU, Cul. J.
83
Thaine, Capt. GGO
Thvohaltl. E. 2Ui
ThesiRer, F. 4'J5
Thew. J. 2IG
Thi-xioii, T. 42G
Thomas '2 ID. B.
C. 332. E. SIH.
F.J.'J23. J.G46,
(>69. M. 538. P.
W. 328. Lt. R.
314
Thompson, 446. A.
J. G0*5. C. 83,
442. Lt. J. 109,
425. T. 104
Thomson, A. 427.
G. 219. Cipt.G.
83. Maj. G. 84.
H. 558. Capt. J.
110
Tliornhill, T. 535
Thornton, E. 426.
H.M. 441. S. E.
646
Thorp, T. 219,331
Thorpe, W. 200
Thriny, R. 427
Throckmorton,
Mrs. 535. E. 553
Thurlow, Lad)r,552.
M. 556
Thwaites, H. 221
Th>iine, LAdy J.
535
Tilvy, J. 329
Timbreil, E. 216
Timings, Capt. H.
223
Timins, L. M. M.
202
Tippetts, J. B. 216
Tipton, M. E. 536
Tiszkiewicz, M. de
335
Tobin, J. 670. S.
C. 218
Toke, R. R. 646
Tolie, J. 216
Tollemarhe, J. 312
Tomes J. 216
Toniiinson, Capt.
N. R. 425
Toogood, J. G. 427
Topham, C. E. 427
Toplis, M. 553
Torrens, R. 199
Tower, C. T. 312
Townsend, H. W.
557. R. 329
Toye, J. T. 85
Tracy, Mi«< 553
Traiit. M. E. 202
Traveler, E. D.
42G
Travis W. J. 645
TreUwiiy, Sir W.
2(0
Trench, C. le P.
102,535. F.536
Trench 'frd, E. 554.
J. GfjfL P. M.443
Tre*elyaii, G. 426
Tringham, J. 216
Tripp, 426
Tri*cott, L». W. E.
536
Tris(ram,H. H. 553
Trollope, Capt. C.
536. S. 645
Tronson, Maj. E.
T. 83
Tubb, M. A. 556
Tucker, A. 314.
Capf. J. J. 200.
M. 426
Tuffiiell, C. 646
Tufntll, H. 200
Tuimo, R. 206
Topper, H. 314
Turnbull, J. 644
Turner, A. 202. C.
M. 646. G. 554.
G. T. 200, 313.
J. 221. J. B. 535.
M. 668. W. 445
Tuson, F. E. 313.
Lt. J. 110
Twells, J. 645
Tvkisden, T. 84
Twiss, W. C. 313
Twynam, H. 330
Tyrrell, G. W. 426
Underwood, C. J.
645. Lady C. L.
534. J. 106
Unett, F. 104
Upton, Hun. A. 199
Vacbell, S. J. 441
Vaizey, S. 443
Valentine, G. M.85
Vandael, 669
Vandeleur, Lt.-Col.
84. Lady G. 426
Vanhouse, S, 442
Vanneck,Hon.Mr8.
426
Vaughan, E. P.426.
J. 426. L. A. 85
Veitch, VV. D. 200
Venn, M. 554
Venner, D. 446
Verney, G. 557
Vesey, Mrs 444
Vice, E. 646
Vicker*, 220
Vigne, F. 332
Villel>ois,A.M.443.
H 312
Villiers, lion. E. E.
199
Vincent, W. 84
Vipond, M. 107
VoUaDS, W. 327
Vowe, T. 536
Vowler, Mhs 106
Vyvyan, Sir R. R.
312
Wade, C. J. 645.
Lt.-Col.C M.83.
ib. G. 218
Waddingion,H.107
Wagstatf, H. 314
VVahab, T. 335
Wait, S. A. S. 202
Wakeman, J. W.
221. S. M. 106
Walden, L G. 218
"Walker, E. 334.
Gen. Sir G. T.
199. H.314.Maj.
P. W. 644
Wail, H. M. 85
Wallace, A. C. J.
646
Waller, C. H. 85.
E. 219. F. S30
Wallis, A. W. 203
Walls, G. J. 105
Walton, F. P. 200.
Capt. J. 232.Col.
W. L. 199
Wanklyn, E. 85
Waiisey, H. 557
Wap&hare, A. 427
Warburton, A. 553.
J. 334
Ward, A. 220. C.
T. 426
Warcle. R. 665
Wardroper, C. 203
Warneford, 555. £.
327
Warner, A. J. 314.
G. L. 326. W.327
Warran, Maj. S. R.
84
Warrand, H. 104
Warren, Lady 220.
B. 216. Maj. G.
83. J. C. 443
Warrington, C. T.
110
Wartnaby, W. 331
Wasey, S. E. 646.
W. G. L. 426
Waters, E. 1 10
Waterton, H. 84
Wathen, Maj. A.
644. J. B. 201
Wathersfon, P. J,
200
Watkins, F. 441
Watkinson, M. 552
Watkyn8,T. H.2I9
Watson, Lt. 427.
E. 667. H. 104.
J. 202. Capt. J.
199. J. a 2J9
Watt, J. 338
Watts, W. 217
Way, H. B. 218. L.
663
Webb, E. 216. W.
106
Webber, C. 427
Webster, J. 426
Weddell, C. 215
Wedderbuni, Hon.
Mrs. 667. F. S.
645
Weight, M. 553
Wellesley, Lady E.
334
Wells, E. L. 646
Wellwood, C. 333
Welsfurd, 441
Welsh, S. 109
Welijee, J. C. 215
Weriiiock, M. L.
437
Weston, C. 445. J.
557. J. W. 106,
444. L. 536. M.
M.85
Weiherall, SirF.A.
313
Weiherell,N.C.445
Wetberherd, T. 103
Weybridge, 104
Weyer, Van de 84
Weymouth, C. 85
Whallcy, 534. E.
553. S. 553, 555
Whately, C. 534
Wheailey, L. M.
339
Wheeler, Lt.-Col.
H.M. 83. J.M.
216
Wheelwright, 8. C.
320
Whichcote, S. 303.
Lady S. 646
Whitbread, S. 553
White, Miss 427.
A. 644. C. V.656.
J. 84, 85. J. T.
646. L. S. A.
551. Maj. M. 83.
Sir T. W. 644.
W. 666
Whitfield, H.J.486
WhItHiore, Lad/
556
Index to Names. (595
Whititall, C. G.313 553. M. A. 314. Witherington, W. Wriehtsori, SOO
Whiitaker, R. N.84 M. S. 331. R. E. F. 313 Wurtzburgh, Baron
Whittam, M. 442 66T, W. J. 313. Withiiigton, T. E. de3l3
Whitlingbain, C. W. M. 200 330 WyatI, A. E. 85
'219 Williamson, C. J. Witiwer, T. N. 442 Wyborn, R. 107
Whittiiigton, T. J. 645. H. 221. Sir Wodebouie.A. 646. Wylde, Lr..Col.
t?02 H. 312. M. 332 E. T. 426. T.665 425. R. 645. Lf.-
Wbitwell, 107 Willii, W. L. 331 Wollaston, C. B. Col. W. 83
W byte, J. 329. J. Willshire, Col. T. 443 Wyllie, A. 558
R. 645 *83 Wombwell, C. O. Wyman, J. 107
W'ickbam, G. 107. WiUon, E. 107. G. 645 Wyii ford, Lady 444
J. M. 314. M. 108. G. St. V. Wood, Lady 106. Wynne, Lady A.
218 312. J. A. 199. B. 200. R. 326. 645
Widdrington, S.H. J.J. 202. R. 314. W. C. P. 333 Wyihe, Capt. J. F.
534 R. B. 20I.R. C. Woodcock 645 556
Wigbtwick, C. 534 103. S. 331,645. Woodd, S. 330 Yarnell, J. 441
Wigram, J. 313 T. B. H. 85 Woodbain,T.F.534 Yeatman, J. C. T.
Wilberfurce, Arcb- Wilton, Mrs. 218 Woodmasi, A. 553 554
d'n3l3. J. 84. Windey, N. 444 Woodruff, M.C. 216 Yelloly, S. M. 218
8.645 Windeyer,A.C. 330 Woodward, G. H. Yellowley, A. M.
Wiibraham, lion. Windsor, Dean of 85. T. 426 646
R. B. 313 313 WoolUy, E. 3I4.G. Yorke, J. 557. J.
Wilde, T. 200, 312 Winfield, W. S29 HO. T. 332 C. 85
W^iley, W. 44 1 Wingfield, G. 646. Woolricb, E. P. 314 Youelf, W. D. 326
Wilkinson, A. 556. Hon. W. 313. W. Worlledge, C 557 Young, MaJ. 209.
H.3'29. R. 327. W. 645 Woriley, C. 84 J. 441. J. E. 646.
T. 441,534 Winkwortb, M. A. Worthington, S.535 T. 556
Wilks, C. J. 328 441 WranghtiD, E. C. Youngmftn, S. 919
Willeit, F. 550*. J. Winn, A. A. 443. 313 Yule, Lt. G. W. R.
W. 105 BAr.558,671 Wray, G. 200. J. 534. Comm. J.
Williams, •'>r)5. D. Winter, C. 313 313 218
85. E. 656. F. Winterbottom, A. Wright, C. 85. F. Zimmer, J. D. 668
M. 536. J. 313, 554 441. H. W. 200.
426, 663. K. E. Winton, Mrs. 667 J. 665. M. 312.
A. 536. M. 312, Wise, Capt. C. 534 M. 535. W. 427
Errata.
Page 439, 2d col. for Bowes, r«irf Bower.
P. 489, line 1 7, for Carey, read Carr.
LIST
LIST OF EMBELLISHMENTS TO THE VOLUME.
*«* Those marked thus * are Vif^nettes, printed with the letter-press.
Page
View of the Palace of Greenwich 21
View of Shuttesbrooke Church, Berkshire 138
* Font in Shotteshrookc Church, Berkshire 130
* Gateway of Framlingham Castle, Suffolk 178
* Gateway of Wingfield Castle, Suffolk 179
* Effigy of the Poet Surrey in Framlingham Church, Suffolk 180
View of Heme's Oak, Windsor Little Park 843
* Representation of an Ancient Gravestone at Bremhill, Wilts ...S??
* View of Stonehenge S79
Representations of Military Costume temp. Jac. I • .••.. 348
* The old Font formerly in St. George's Church, Southwark 367
View of the Churches of St. Bartholomew and St. Bene't Fink, London 461
* Representations of the Bosses of a ceiling in the Black Boy Inn, Chelmsford 469» 470
View of the Church of Hoo St. Werburga, Kent • 577
* Representation of a Carved Gravestone in the Church of Hoo 583
END OF VOLUME XHL
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