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J.   B.  NICHOLS  AND  SON,  PRINTERS,  ^,  PARLIAMENT  6TREKT. 


PREFACK 


WE  have  in  our  present  address  the  agreeable  task  of  thanking 
our  Correspondents  for  many  valuable  and  pleasing  communica- 
tions with  which  they  have  favoured  us;  and  we  also  trusty 
that  our  general  readers  are  not  dissatisfied  with  our  attempts  to 
famish  them  with  such  information  as  arises  in  the  short  intervals 
of  time  that  are  allowed  us  for  the  composition  and  arrangement 
of  our  Work.  The  increasing  number  of  Reviews  and  Magazines^ 
including  the  accounts  of  the  transactions  of  learned  Societies,  is 
not  only  a  proof  of  a  general  spread  of  knowledge,  and  of  an  ad- 
vanced stage  of  intellectual  improvement,  but  is  a  most  impor- 
tant auxiliary  to  it.  In  every  branch  of  science  and  art  in  the  pre- 
sent day,  as  soon  as  a  discovery  is  made,  or  improvement  sug- 
gested, however  remote  or  obscure  the  place  from  which  it 
proceeds,  it  is  communicated  as  by  an  unbroken  chain  firom 
mind  to  mind,  till  it  has  reached  the  remotest  recesses  of  the 
community,  and  has  passed  through  the  examination  of  the  most 
able  and  instructed  judgments.  In  former  days,  a  philosopher  or 
scholar,  at  Paris  or  at  Rome,  might  be  carrying  on  important  ex- 
periments, or  effecting  discoveries  which  would  produce  revolu- 
tions in  science,  which  might  be  for  years  unknown  to  those  who 
are  employed  in  the  same  field  of  labour  as  himself,  in  London  or 
Edinburgh.  All  paths  of  literature  were  incumbered  with  the 
same  obstructions ;  and  knowledge  was  in  a  great  measure  de- 
prived of  the  assistance  which  it  derives  from  the  combination 
of  congenial  talents,  stimulated  and  inspired  by  honourable  asso- 
ciation. These  observations  will  apply  to  our  own  case  as  to 
others,  and  the  advantage  of  a  rapid  communication  of  knowledge 
may  be  considered  as  the  most  powerful  means  of  increasing  it. 
Another  branch  of  our  duty  is  to  afford  our  readers  a  means  of 
forming  a  just  and  discriminate  character  of  the  books  which  are 
placed  before  us  for  review.  In  this  case  we  must  act  neither  as 
too  partial  friends,  nor  as  prejudiced  and  interested  enemies  of 
the  author.    It  is  very  important  for  the  young  to  form  a  correct 


FBBFACB. 


and  manly  taste,  which  would  be  deeply  vitiated  and  hart  v( 
no  discriramation  used  in  ascertaining  the  character  of  the  num. 
rotts  publications  of  the  day ;  many  of  which  are  the  productions 
of  very  inferior  minds,  and  which  are  hurried  prematurely  into  the 
press,  for  purposes  which  have  no  honourable  connexion  with 
the  adrancement  of  knowledge,  or  the  interests  of  sotuety. 
But  while  a  Reviewer's  duty  leads  him  to  the  discovery  of  faults, 
he  must  also  consider  that  it  is  part  of  his  office  to  point  out  the 
merits  of  the  works  before  Mm ;  neither  private  friendship,  noi*^' 
personal  feeling,  nor  partial  motives,  must  be  suffered  to  interfere 
with  his  decisions.  If  the  judges  of  Literature  as  of  Law  ertf 
become  corrupt,  they  may  be  certain  that  they  will  rapidly  fidi 
into  the  contempt  which  they  have  provoked;  their  fonctioiu 
irill  be  despised,  their  opinions  disregarded,  and  the  public  will 
have  recourse  to  men  of  more  honourable  feelings,  and  more  eiw 
lightened  minds.  We  trust  that  no  such  censure  can  ever  be  ajv 
plicable  to  us ;  and  that  when  surpassed  in  ability,  we  are  behind 
none  of  our  contemporaries  in  the  desire  of  performing  the  duties 
we  have  undertaken  conscientiously,— so  that  we  may  satisfy  both 
the  author  and  the  reader  of  the  integrity  of  the  judgments  wa 
pronoimoe.  We  shall  thus  proceed  in  our  course,  flattering  our- 
selves that  we  have  obtained  by  our  conduct  a  considerable  share 
of  the  pubhc  confidence  and  esteem ;  and  hoping  to  preserve  it 
by  the  same  means  by  which  it  has  been  guned. 

June  184a 


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GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 


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p«te-d 

LITER.%RY  AXD  «C 
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ANTIQUARIAN 

SoraelT  <d 


HISTORICAl,  CHROMCrt. 

PronoCkiA*  a 

OBITUARY 
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BcTofcf^  <:^^--Gck  Bm.  lir  XL 

Warm,  i*. — Sr  Aa^lRv  SdMBf .  SR: 

William  SMfl^  UL.D 
CtiacT  Dbcia*k», 

Stocki *••.->-—.— 


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THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

JANUARY,  1840. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONTENTS. 

MiNOK  CoRRBtPONDENCE. — For^rics  of  Ancient  Coins — Col,  John  Jones,  of 

Ponmon,  and  Col.  John  Jones,  the  Regicide — Sir  P.  Columbers,  &c o 

Memoir  op  Robert  Surtbes,  Esq.  F.S.A.  by  6.  Taylor,  Esq 3 

Letters  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  to  Mr.  Surtees    19 

The  Royal  Palace  op  Greenwich  (with  a  Plate) 21 

Goethe's  Table-Talk — Victor  Hugo— Manzoni,  &c.  See 25 

The  Sects  and  Obserrances  of  Hindoo  Faqneers 28 

The  Dialect  of  Dorsetshire  compared  with  the  Anglo-Saxon 31 

Review  op  the  Designs  por  the  Rotal  Exchange 33 

Sir  Samuel  Tuke,  Bart,  and  Mr.  Charles  Tooke 37 

The  Marriage  of  Edward  IV.— Baker's  Northamptonshire,  and  Warkworth's 

Chronicle • 38 

Mr.  D'Israeli  and  the  Rey.  Joseph  Hunter  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakespeare's 

name 39 

The  Precedence  of  the  Baronets  of  Nova  Scotia 40 

Topography  of  Southport,  and  the  parish  of  North  Meols,  co.  Lane 41 

Moulded  Bricks,  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII 46 

Poetry. — Saliz  Babylonica,  by  the  Marquess Wellesley — Translation  from  Gold- 

smith,  by  Sir  Henry  Halford,  Bart ib, 

RE^^EW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 

Disquisition  on  Shakespeare's  Tempest,  by  the  Rcy.  Joseph  Hunter,  49< — No- 
land's  Eyangelical  Character  of  Christianity,  54. — Thompson's  Life  of  Han- 
nah More,  55. — Selections  from  Hooker's  Ecclesiastical  Polity,  56. — 
Keightley's  Ovid's  Fasti,  57. — Burbidge's  Poems,  58. — Watts  on  the  re- 
puted Earliest  English  Newspaper,  59. — Giles's  Lexicon  of  the  Greek  Lan- 
guage 64. — The  Youth  of  Shakespeare,  65. — Miscellaneous  Reviews 66 

LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

New  Publications,  66. — Cambridge  University,  68. — Westminster  Play,  ib, — 
Royal  Society,  70. — Botanical  Society,  71. — Chelmsford  Philosophical 
Society,  ib, — Royal  Institute  of  Britbh  Architects,  72. — Oxford  Society  for 
promoting  the  Study  of  Gothic  Architecture,  12. — Cambridge  Camden 
Society 72 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 

Society  of  Antiquaries,  73. — Anastasi  at  British  Museum,  77. — Barrow  at 
Thornborough,  78. — Ancient  Cannon,  ib, — Roman  Inscriptions  at  Lincoln, 
79. — Ancient  Ship  at  Mount's  Bay,  ib, — Discovery  of  Coins,  &c.  Sic 79 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 

Foreign  News,  80. — Domestic  Occurrences , gl 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  83. — Births,  84. — Marriages  ....•• 85 

OBITUARY  ;  with  Memoirs  of  the  King  of  Denmark,  86.— Duke  of  Argyll,  ib. 
Earl  of  Kingston,  88. — Lord  Dufferin  and  Claneboye,  ib, — Lord  George 
Beresford,  89.— Gen.  Hon.  Sir  H.  King,  lA.— Adm.  Sir  Peter  Halkett,  Bart. 
00. — Major-Gen.  Sir  F.  H.  Doyle,  Bart.  ib. — Major-Gen.  Sir  Joseph 
Maclean,  ib. — Major-Gen.  Sir  W.  Blackbume,  93. — Rear-Adm.  Sir  Samuel 
Warren,  t*.— Sir  Andrew  Halliday,  93.— Colonel  Webb,  94.— Charles  Hope 
Maclean,  Esq.  t6.— Thomas  Schultz,  Esq.  95.— Rev.  W.  R,  Hay,  t^.— 
William  Smith,  LL.D.  96.— Rev.  George  Turner 98 

Clergy  Deceased,  &c.  ike ,' •     loi 

Bill  of  Mortality — Markets — Prices  of  Shares,  111.— Meteorological  Diary— 

Stocks us 

EmbcHiihcd  with  a  View  of  the  Palacb  or  GutiinrxcB. 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Caution  to  Coin  Collectors. — The  Cork 
Constitution  paper,  and  the  Hampshire 
Independent,  caution  coin  collectors 
against  a  person  who  has  lately  been  in 
Ireland  vending  with  great  success  a  large 
quantity  of  forged  Roman,  Greek,  British 
and  Saxon,  and  Anglo-Gallic  coins.  It 
is  presumed  this  is  the  same  individual 
who  was  some  months  since  in  London 
engaged  in  the  same  trade.  A  corre- 
spondent at  Winchester  states  he  has  re- 
cently visited  that  town,  but  unsuccess- 
fully, and  is  now  supposed  to  be  journey- 
ing towards  Bath  and  the  West.  He  is 
described  to  be  a  Scotchman,  thin,  gen- 
teelly dressed,  and  about  sixty  years  of 
age,  and  he  accounts  for  his  possession 
of  the  coins  by  being  connected  in  mar- 
riage with  an  eminent  collector  at  Glas- 
gow, recently  deceased,  and  as  the  rela- 
tives could  not  agree  in  the  distribution, 
he  was  entrusted  with  their  sale.  As 
these  imitations  are  certainly  well  exe- 
cuted, it  becomes  the  more  necessary  to 
give  the  utmost  publicity  to  all  facts  re- 
lative to  the  impostor,  and  his  mode  of 
passing  off  his  forged  stock. 

Mr.  Joseph  Morris,  of  Shrewsbury, 
requests  us  to  correct  a  very  erroneous 
assertion  which  appeared  in  the  memoir 
of  the  late  Sir  T.  J.  Tyrwhitt  Jones,  Bart, 
in  our  last  number.  The  passage  to 
which  he  refers  is  this  : — "  He  was  line- 
ally descended  on  the  female  side  from  the 
ancient  patrician  stock  of  Jones  of  Chil- 
ton-grove,  in  the  parish  of  Atcham,  and 
of  Shrewsbury.  Of  that  family  was  the 
regicide  Colonel  John  Jones,  brother-in- 
law  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  also  his  se- 
cretary, whose  residence  was  at  Tonmon 
[Fonmon  is  meant]  Castle,  co.  Glamorgan, 
who  forfeited  his  life,  and  atoned  for  his 
crime  under  the  most  bloody,  horrid,  and 
ignominious  sentence  it  was  in  the  power 
of  the  human  mind  to  invent ;  all  which 
he  suffered  with  the  heroism  and  courage 
of  the  most  undaunted  character.  His 
descendant,  Robert  Jones,  Esq.,  is  the 
present  lord  and  proprietor.** — In  the 
first  place,  Robert  Jones,  Esq.  of  Fonmon 
Castle,  is  not  a  descendant  of  Col.  John 
Jones,  the  regicide.  His  ancestor,  Col. 
John  Jones,  of  Fonmon,  was,  undoubt- 
edly, a  Parliamentarian,  but  he  was  in  no 
way  related  to  the  regicide  of  the  same 
name ;  neither  was  the  regicide  Colonel, 
nor  his  namesake  of  Fonmon,  in  any  way 
related  to  the  Joneses  of  Chilton -grove 
and  of  Shrewsbury.  Colonel  John  Jpnes, 
of  Fonmon,  was  a  descendant  of  Bleddyn- 
ap-Maenyrch,  Lord  of  Brecon.    The  fa- 


mily of  Jones  of  Chilton-grove  and  of 
Shrewsbury  were  the  descendants  of  Welsh 
ancestors  originally  seated  in  Denbigh- 
shire ;  and  the  late  Sir  Tyrwhitt  Jones's 
ancestor,  Thomas  Jones,  of  Shrewsbury 
and  Sandford,  Esq.  (afterwards  Lord 
Chief  Justice),  so  far  fi-om  being  of  the 
regicide  family  or  opinions,  was  one  of 
the  loyal  Shropshire  gentlemen  taken  pri- 
soners by  the  parliamentary  forces  on 
their  capture  of  Shrewsbury,  February  22d, 
1644-5.  Col.  John  Jones,  the  regioide, 
was  of  Maes-y-gamedd,  in  the  county  of 
Merioneth.  Mr.  Noble,  in  his  Memoirs 
of  the  Cromwell  family,  gives  some  par- 
ticulars of  him,  and  mentions  his  mar- 
riage with  Catharine,  sister  of  the  Pro- 
tector. He  had,  however,  been  previ- 
ously married  to  Margaret,  daughter  of 
John  Edwards,  of  Stansty,  Esq.  (a  Den- 
bighshire gentleman),  and  by  her  had  a 
son,  John  Jones,  Esq.  who  was  living  at 
Wrexham  in  1702.  A  curious  book,  en- 
titled, "  The  Indictment,  Arraignmenty 
Tryal  and  Judgment  at  large,  of  Twenty- 
nine  regicides,  the  Murtherers  of  His 
Most  Sacred  Majesty  King  Charles  the 
First,  of  Glorious  Memory,**  printed  in 
1713,  gives  some  particulars  of  Colonel 
John  Jones,  but  erroneously  describes  him 
as  of  a  '*  mean  family  in  Wales,"  whereas 
he  was  a  lineal  but  unworthy  descendant 
of  Cadwgan,  the  son  of  Bleddyn-ap-Cyn- 
fyn.  Prince  of  Powys.  Another  old  quarto, 
of  88  pages,  published  in  1661,  and  en- 
tided  *'  ENIAYTOS  TEPA2TI02,  Mira- 
bilis  Annus,**  &c.  contains,  at  page  43,  a 
singular  anecdote  connected  with  the 
death  of  the  regicide,  and  is  confirmatory 
of  his  being  the  Merionethshire  Colonel, 
because  it  refers  to  an  occurrence  that 
took  place  on  his  property  in  that  county 
on  the  day  of  his  execution,  to  which 
event  the  fact  is  particularly  referred." 

D.  A.  Y.  observes  that,  in  the  probate 
of  the  will  of  Alicia  de  Columbers,  printed 
in  our  last  volume,  p.  587  note,  the  name 
of  her  son  should  probably  be  Sir  Philip 
instead  of  Sir  Peter,  the  former  being  the 
name  which  appears  in  the  Esch.  16  Edw. 
III.  Nos.  50  and  51. 

T.  G.  inquires  whether  there  is  any 
Engluth  work  treating  professedly  on  the 
Growth  and  Culture  of  Cotton.  We  can 
only  refer  him  to  Watts*s  Bibliotheca  Bri- 
tannica,  where  is  a  list  of  works  on  the 
Cotton  Manufacture^  and  Thomson*s 
translation  of  Lesteyric  on  its  Culture, 
and  to  a  work  published  not  long  ago  by 
Mr.  Baines,  son  of  the  M.P.  for  Leeds. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S     MAGAZINE 


Memoir  of  Robert  Surtees^  Esq.F.S.A,  Author  of  the  Historic  and  Afitiqui" 
ties  of  the  County  Palatine  of  Durham.  By  George  Taylor,  Esq.  of 
Witton-le-JVear.  (Prefixed  to  the  History  of  Durham,  VoLIKJfoL  1840. 

IF  there  is  any  department  of  literature  which  England  may  claim 
more  eminently  as  her  own,  and  in  which  she  has  had  no  successful  rivals, 
and  indeed  few  competitors,  it  is  that  of  County- History.    The  research 
and  ability  with  which  such  works  are  compiled,  and  the  splendor  and 
beauty  of  decoration  with  which  they  are  published,  have  long  given  them 
not  only  an  important  rank  in  the  libraries  of  the  curious,  but  honorably 
united  them  with  the  general  records  of  history.     We  think  tliat  there 
exists  a  strong  national  partiality  for  this  kind  of  local  chronicle,  which 
may  be  accounted  for  from  the  union  of  several  causes  5  among  which 
"  the  boast  of  heraldry,"  and    the  love  of   our  ancestral  halls  and  par 
temal  domains,  are  assuredly  not  the  least.     Frenchmen  and  Italians  con- 
gregate  like  strings  of  bats  in  the  dark  streets  and  suburbs  of  cities  3  we 
Englishmen  love  the  breath  and  countenance  of  Nature,  the  beauty  of  her 
cban^ng  skies  and  scenery,  the  gorgeous  drapery  of  her  autumnal  forests, 
and  those  soft  and  delicious  airs  that  come,  as  our  great  lyric  poet  describes, 
to  disclose  the  expecting  flowers  of  spring,  and  to  wake  the  richness  of  the 
purple  year.    Within  the  galleries  and  halls  of  his  noble  mansion^  the  En- 
glish nobleman  or  gentleman  beholds  the  cherished  portraits  of  his  ancestors^ 
who  have  bequeathed  him  his  name,  his  honours,  and  his  wealth, — the  Sir 
Bertrams,  Sir  Denzils,  and  Sir  Lionels,  of  a  former  age  ;  without,  he  sees 
the  venerable  oaks  and  time-scathed  beeches,  throwing  their  old  shattered 
and  gigantic  arms  across  his  lawns  and  parks,  coeval  with  the  names  of  the 
founders  of  his  family  :  if  not  insensible  as  the  clod  of  the  valley  which  he 
treads,  must  not  his  bosom  be  stirred  by  such  scenes  and  thoughts  as  these } 
He  feels  that  the  blood  that  flows  in  his  veins  is  rich  from  the  stream 
of  time  3  and  that  he  has  been  born  to  the  noble  inheritance  of  an  il- 
lustrious name.      Then,  too,  not  seldom  within  these  cherished  domains, 
and  connected  with  them  in  the  historic  annals  of  his  Land,  are  to  be 
found  the  half-ruined  and  ivy-cover'd  castle — the  dismantled  fortress— or 
the  sequestered  abbey,  mouldering  into  beauty,  as  it  decays,  under  the 
gentle  touch  of  time.  Added  to  these,  we  possess  antiquities  not  connected 
with  any  particular  family  or  name,  but  the  property  of  all  who  can  estimate 
the  treasures  of  their  country.     Here,  uninjured  by  the  storms  of  twenty 
centuries,  still  stands  a  Roman  gateway,  perhaps  on  the  very  last  point, 
where,  after  its  long  unwearied  flight,  the  Imperial  eagle  closed  its  ma- 
jestic wings  3  here  towers  above  the  surrounding  city-roofs  the  Norman 


4  Memoir  of  Robert  Surtees,  Esq.  F,S,A.  [Jan. 

cathedral,  in  its  massive  and  noble  proportions  -,  and  here  the  more  airy 
aqd  elegant  structure  of  the  later  days  of  the  Plantagenets,  with  all  its 
rich  assemblage  of  clustered  pillars  and  arches,  its  air-suspended  roof,  its 
delicate  tracery  and  exquisite  carving,  that  gives  even  to  the  ponderous 
material  of  stone,  a  lightness  and  grace,  as  it  were  a  magic  web  woven  by 
fairy  hands.  Surely  these  are  objects  that  must  ever  call  forth  the 
curiosity,  and  even  awaken  the  gratitude,  of  an  enlightened  age.  And  it 
would  be  not  less  than  a  brutish  insensibility  to  the  genius  and  generosity 
of  the  times  from  which  we  have  inherited  them,  did  we  not  endeavour  to 
rescue  them  from  the  partial  oblivion  in  which  they  have  been  concealed, 
to  preserve  them  from  further  spoliation  or  decay^  and  to  distribute  them 
carefully  and  exactly  into  the  different  eras  of  the  great  and  useful  arts 
to  which  they  owe  their  origin.  To  such  general  causes  we  must  add 
those  peculiar  to  our  country  and  ourselves  :  for  we  must  not  only  speak 
of  the  love  which  in  England  was  always  felt  for  a  rural  life,  and  the 
pursuits  connected  with  it ;  but  to  the  demands  which  the  constitution 
of  our  country  makes,  and  which  are  always  acknowledged,  for  the  re- 
sidence of  the  proprietors  of  land  on  their  estates.*  Consequently,  we  have 
in  every  part  of  our  island  a  gentry  and  clergy  enlightened  above  those  of 
any  other  country  in  Europe,  diffusing  civilization  and  knowledge  in  their 
respective  spheres.  Fortunately,  also,  our  painters  have  kept  pace  with 
our  scholars  and  men  of  learning ;  and  the  art  of  engraving  has  arrived 
at  such  a  high  degree  of  beauty  and  perfection,  as  has  enabled  it  to  throw 
a  new  grace  on  the  pages  of  literature,  and  give  a  more  vivid  and  effective 
perception  of  natural  objects,  than  could  be  done  by  the  descriptive  pen. 
It  has  lately  been  the  fashion  to  repeat  with  applause  Lord  Verulam's 
pithy  saying,  as  if  there  were  no  fallacy  in  it, — *'  that  the  antients  were 
the  childhood,  and  that  we  arc  the  antiquity  of  the  world.**  If  so,  at  least 
it  must  be  allowed,  that  theirs  was  a  most  lusty  and  vigorous  infancy,  and 
that  ours  looks  very  like  to  a  feeble  and  somewhat  decrepit  age  :  but, 
whatever  conclusions  philosophic  ingenuity  can  fetch  from  such  reason- 
ings, toe  who  rejoice  in  the  name  of  **  Antiquaries,"  shall  still  continue  to 
look  up  with  reverence  and  curiosity  to  the  noble  remains  of  the  medi- 
aeval and  following  ages,  which  have  been  so  richly  strewn,  and  are  now 
so  carefully  preserved,  throughout  our  Land,  as  long  as  we  have  eyes  to 
admire,  and  pens  to  record  their  value.  In  the  present  day,  he  would  be 
a  man  of  a  bolder  nerve  than  we  arc,  who  should  dare  to  cut  down  the 
mulberry  tree  under  which  Shakspcare  sate,  or  demolish  the  remains  of  the 
venerable  mansion,  the  embellishment  of  wliich  was  the  favourite  oc- 
cupation of  Bacon's  declining  days. 

Foremost  among  those  who  have  deserved  well  of  their  country  in  this 
branch  of  literature,  the  name  of  Mr.  Surtees  will  eminently  be  found  3  for 
he  possessed  in  a  remarkable  degree  the  qualities  requisite  to  form  a  County 
Historian,  He  had  an  accurate  knowledge  of  the  general  history  of  his 
country — a  familiar  acquaintance  with  its  local  records — he  was  a  classical 
scholar — a  man  of  taste  and  poetical  feeling, — was  indefatigable  in  com- 
piling materials,  careful  and  judicious  in  using  them  -,  and  he  also  possessed 
that  love  of  his  subject  and  zeal  in  prosecuting  his  favourite  inquiries,  which. 


♦  The  rebuke  of  James  the  First  to  the  country  gentlemen  who  flocked  to  London, 
and  lived  at  the  court,  at  an  expense  ruinous  to  their  estates,  and  injurious  to  their 
tenantry  and  dependants,  is  too  well  known  to  repeat. 


1840.] 


Memoir  of  Robert  S^rUes,  Esq.  F.8A. 


if  it  does  not  alone  ensure  a  successful  prosecntion  of  them,  shows, when  it 
is  absent,  at  what  valoe  it  most  be  esteemed.  We  shall  now  proceed  to  lay 
before  onr  readers  a  short  sketch  of  the  life  ofthis  Tery  excellent  and  en- 
lightened person,  taking  it  from  the  more  copions  narrative  of  his  biographer : 
and  lamenting  that  we  are  obliged,  for  want  of  space,to  omit  mnch  that  would 
be  absolntely  necessary  for  the  complete  portrait  of  his  person  and  mind.* 
Mr.  Sortees  was  bom  in  Durham,  on  the  Ist  of  April  1 779  j  his  child- 
hood was  passed  with  his  parents  in  the  retirement  of  their  hereditary 
seat  at  Mainsforth,  in  the  conoty  of  Durham,  occasionally  Taried  by  a 
winter  visit  to  York,  which  was  a  kind  of  metropolis  to  the  northern  fa- 
milies, as  Norwich  and  Ipswich  were  to  th<f  eastern ;  for  a  journey  to 
London  from  any  remote  proyince  was  almost  as  formidable  in  those  days 
as  it  was  in  the  time  of  Vanbrugh,  who  has  described  the  important  prepa- 
rations for  it,  with  so  much  humour  and  vivacity  in  the  Provoked 
Husband.  Mr.  Surtees'  parents  were  persons  of  good  sense  and  general 
information  ;  his  father  possessed  a  refined  taste,  and  considerable  talent 
in  the  arts  of  design  and  engraving,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  vignettes  which 
ornament  his  son's  volomes,  and  in  some  spirited  sketches  and  pictures  in 
his  own  house  at  Mainsforth.  Young  Surtees  lived  with  his  parents  as 
with  his  companions,  and  his  tastes  and  habits  were  soon  assimilated  to 
theirs ;  their  occupations  formed  his  amusements ;  he  loved  books,  and 
cultivated  flowers  ;  and  in  his  excursions  to  York  he  purchased  any  an- 
cient coins  which  the  gardeners  whose  grounds  he  frequented  had  di^ 
up.     His  friend  Mr.  Raiue  says  : 


"  The  fint  time  I  was  in  York  was  in 
the  company  of  Surtees.  On  the  left 
band,  as  yon  approach  Bificklegate-Bar,  is 
an  ancient  archway,  the  only  portion  re- 
mammy  of  the  old  Priory  of  the  Trinity, 
the  lite  ofwUch  is  now  a  garden,  and  I  well 
remember  his  remark  as  we  passed  the 
door :  *  There,  Raine,  when  I  was  a  lad, 
I  picked  np  now  and  then  a  coin ;  they 
find  them  erery  day ;  let  ns  go  in,  and  see 
what  he  has  got  now.*  We  went  in,  but 
the  gardener  was  not  at  home.    He  often 


talked  io  me  of  what  had  evidently  made 
a  great  impression  on  his  mind,  the  dis« 
corery,  on  the  excavation  for  a  cellar  in  the 
same  street,  of  the  grare  of  a  yonng 
Roman  lady,  boried  ^parently  with  great 
care ;  the  skeleton  was  in  a  stone  coflhi, 
filled  with  the  purest  water,  the  bones 
all  perfect  and  in  situ.  This  grave  was  suf- 
fered to  remain  undisturbed,  and  it  is  now, 
or  at  least  was  twenty  years  ago,  exhibited 
for  a  shilling  to  the  curious  in  those  mat* 
ters." 


His  parents,  however,  appear  not  only  not  to  have  promoted  but  even 
to  hare  checked  the  desire  for  attainments  which  might  haply  lead  to 
yovthfnl  vanity  and  display,  and  it  appears  that  he  did  not  learn  to  write  till 
be  was  in  his  seventh  year.  The  companions  of  bis  juvenile  sports  and  stu- 
dies were  the  sons  of  General  Beckwith.  Mr.  Surtees  used  to  talk  with  great 
deikht  of  the  happy  days  they  used  to  spend  in  fishing  in  the  Com  forth 
becK«  entrusted  to  the  care  of  old  Dixon,  who  had  charge  of  the  grey- 
boondfl  of  his  uncle,  Capt  George  Surtees  of  the  Navy.  In  May  1/^^^  he 
was  sent  to  a  public  school  at  Houghton-lc-Spring,  a  school  founded  by 
the  venerable  Bernard  Gilpin,  and  then  presided  over  by  the  Reverend 
UlUiam  Fleming,  of  Queen's  college,  Oxford.  He  distinguished  himself 
by  \m  skill  and  taste  in  the  composition  of  Latin  verse.  On  one  occiision. 
Lord  Thurlow,  the  uncle  of  the  rector,  had  been  refused  his  rctiuest  of  a 
holiday  for  the  boys  -,  but,  on  Surtees  showing  up  a  copy  of  verses,  the 


*  We  veatvre  to  express  a  hope  that  this  interesting  pioce  of  biography  may  be 
pdbbahed  separately  in  octavo.    We  are  sure  that  it  will  be  gratefully  rtxeivcd  by  the 


6  Memoir  of  Robert  Surtees,  Esq.  F.S./i,  [Jan. 

master  was  so  delighted  with  them,  that  he  exclaimed,  "  Lads,  I  would  not 
give  you  a  holiday  for  his  lordship,  but  I  will  give  you  a  holiday  for  Bob 
Surtees/'  His  pursuits,  however,  were  not  exclusively  classical,  as  his 
biographer  informs  us  5  his  mind  had  received  an  early  bent  to  the  study 
of  antiquities,  and  of  the  topographical  history  of  his  native  county  3  he 
preserved  documents ;  and  made  excursions  after  coins  to  Durham,  and 
Sunderland,  and  other  places ;  from  these  he  made  drawings.  An  old 
woman  of  the  name  of  Carter  kept  a  little  shop  at  Houghton,  and 
weighed  her  articles  with  pieces  of  old  copper  coinage ;  these  found  their 
way  into  Surtees*  collection.  As  early  as  the  year  1790^  he  had  began  to 
turn  his  attention  to  a  Histbry  of  Durham.  Mr.  Pemberton  says,  that  he 
rode  with  him  to  see  various  places  in  the  neighbourhood  -,  he  was  full  of 
anecdote  respecting  them,  and  the  owners  of  the  properties  in  former 
times.  At  Houghton  school  he  formed  an  intimacy  with  the  family  of  the 
Robinsons  of  Herrington,  with  whom  he  spent  some  of  the  holidays.  To  this 
early  intimacy  may  be  traced  that  long  attachment,  which  terminated  after- 
wards in  marriage  with  a  sister  of  his  youthful  friends. 

On  his  leaving  Houghton,  Surtees  was  placed^  in  September  1793,  under 
the  care  of  Doctor  Bristow  at  Neasdon,  near  London.  Here  he  formed  ac- 
quaintance with  Reginald  Heber,  Sir  Walter  Brisco,  and  others.  In  1795 
he  was  matriculated  at  Oxford  and  entered  as  a  commoner  of  Christ 
Church.  His  friend  Mr.  Mundy  says,  he  was  called  "  Greek  Surtees  j" 
and  his  fellow  collegian  Mr.  W.  W.  Jackson,  of  Normanby,  in  Yorkshire,  has 
communicated  the  following  notices  of  his  course  of  life  at  the  University. 

**  Surtees*    tutor  was'    the    Rev.   M.      of  paying  much  attention  to  that  «part  of 
Marshy  now  Canon  of  Salisbury.     During     classic  exercise  ;  but  when  the  opportunity 
hia  stay  atOxford,  his  habits  were  studious,      arrived,  he  said  to  a  friend  who  survives 
He  read  Herodotus,  at  least  the  greater  him — *  that  he  did  not  know  why  a  man 
part  of  it.     The  whole  of  Thucydides  and  should  not  make  verses  as  well  as  any- 
Euripides,  the  Hellenics  and  Anabasis  of  thing  else,' — and  to  work  he  set.     He 
Xenophon,  Diodorus  Siculus,  and  Poly-  afterwards  observed — '  it  was  rather  hard 
bius,  great  part  of  Juvenal  and  Pcrsius,  work  at  first,  but  I  knocked  on,  and  it 
the  whole  of  Livy,  the  public  orations  of  came.'     Out  of  six  copies  of  verses  which 
Demosthenes,  several  plays  of  iEschylus,  he  sent,  four  received  the  distinction  of 
and  Aristophanes,  the  Olympias  of  Pin-  being  publicly  recited.     He  retained  the 
dar,  and  Aristotle's  Rhetoric.     He  gene-  facility  thus  acquired  through  after  life, 
rally  gained  great  credit  at  the  examina-  It  was  about  this  time  observed  of  him  by 
tion  at  the  end  of  each  term,  known  by  his  tutor,  that — '  from  his  abilities  he  was 
the  name  of  Collections.     These  were  at-  likely  to  succeed  and  to  be  distinguished  in 
tended  and  conducted  by  the  dean,  the  whatever  he  undertook.'     Although  hii 
tutors  and  censors  of  the  college.    Besides  habits  were  studious,  his  application  was 
the    college     lectures    in     mathematics,  not   so   intense  as  to  interfere  with   his 
logic   and  rhetoric,  he  attended   those  of  hours  for  exercise  and  moderate  enjoy* 
the  University    in  anatomy  and  natural  ment.      Among  the   companions   of  hit 
philosophy  ♦  *  ♦     He  exerted  himself  a  studious,  or  social  hours,  were  Mr.  Hal- 
good    deal  in   the   composition  of  what  lam,  the  philosophical  historian,  Mr.  Page, 
were  called     Lent     verses.     Each    copy  afterwards  master  of  Westminster,  Mr. 
contained      generally     not    more     than  Kirkpatrick  Sharp,  known  as  a  gentleman 
twelve  or  twenty  lines.     It  was  an  an-  of  antiquarian  research  and  poetical  taste, 
nual  exercise  peculiar  to  Christ  Church,  Lord   Fitzharris,  and  others,  scarcely  of 
on  subjects  chosen  by  the  writers,  and  six  inferior  note.  ♦  ♦  ♦    He  was  fond,  even 
copies  were   usually  expected  from  the  then,  of  miscellany  reading ;  but  his  fa- 
competitors.     They  were  subjected  to  the  vourite  pursuit  was  undoubtedly  history ; 
eye  of  the  censor,  who  selected  from  among  and  even   as  an  undergraduate   he    was 
them  such  as  he  thought  worthy  of  being  planning  and  making  preparations  for  his 
publicly  read.     Although  the  composition  future  History  of  Durham.     In  the  spring 
of  LAtin  verses  was  not  entirely  strange  of  1797  Mr.  Surtees  was  called  from  Ox- 
to  Mr.  Surtees,  yet  he  had  never  been  in  ford  by  the  alarming  illness  of  his  mother, 
the  habit,  either  at  school  or  subsequently,  who  died  in  her  61st  year.    His  penKHwl 


18400  Memoir  of  Robert  Surtees,  Esq.  F.8jt.  7 

appearance  about  thii  time,  when  he  was  beneath  the  dignity  of  a  man/     Scott,  in 

nineteen,  is  thus  described  : — 'he  was  ra-  a  letter  to  Southey  in  1810,    says — *  if 

ther  abore  the  middle  size,  broadly  made,  you* make  any  stay  at  Durham,  let  me 

with  obtuse  features  and  pale  complexion,  know,  as  I  wish  you  to  know  my  friend 

and  his  hair  was  already  grizzled.     His  Surtees  of  Mainsforth.   He  is  an  excellent 

dress  and  manners  were  plain  :  he  seemed  antiquary,    some  of   the  rust  of  which 

to  despise  the  grimace  of  fashion  :  as  iiis  study  has  clung  to  his  manners  ; — but  he 

friend  Pemberton  says — *  he  hated  being  is  good-hearted,  and  you  would  make  the 

taoght  dancing  at  school,  considering  it  summer  day  short  between  you.'  *' 

Id  Nov.  1800^  having  taken  his  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts,  Mr.  Sur- 
tees removed  to  London,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Middle  Temple. 
**  Surtees/'  says  Mr.  Pemberton,  "  entered  there  in  consequence  of  his 
acquaintance  with  the  present  Lord  Kenyon  and  his  brother,  sons  of  the 
then  Chief  Justice.  I  entered  there  to  be  near  Surtees.  He  himself  used 
always  to  say,  that  he  became  a  member  of  the  Middle  Temple  on  account 
of  their  having  a  good  dinner  for  a  very  reasonable  sura,  with  a  bottle  of 
ffood  old  DomuS'Wine  among  each  four,  given  gratuitously  by  the  Benchers/' 
He  at  first  became  a  pupil  of  the  late  Judge  Richardson,  then  an  eminent 
special-pleader  -,  but  in  a  few  days  was  convinced  that  special  pleading 
would  be  of  little  use  to  him  as  a  country  gentleman,  and  preferred  studying 
the  law  of  real  property.  He  was  attentive  and  studious  during  the  short 
period  that  he  remained  engaged  in  his  legal  pursuits  3  but  he  finally  left  the 
Temple  in  1802,  on  the  death  of  his  father,  and  in  his  24th  year  he  became 
established  for  life  on  his  estate  at  Mainsforth.  He  was  now  employed  in 
collecting  materials  for  his  History  of  Durham  -,  but  his  exertions  im- 
paired his  healthy  and  to  lighten  his  labours  he  not  only  employed  an 
amanuensis  in  the  transcription  of  documents,  but  also  made  excursions 
to  Harrogate,  and  other  places.  "  He  was  generally,"  says  Mr.  Raine, 
"  when  his  health  permitted,  moving  from  place  to  place  in  search  of  in- 
formation. He  was  driven  about  in  his  gig  by  his  man,  Henry  Shields, 
who  for  a  while  liked  the  employment,  but  at  last  he  became  fairly  tired  of 
it.  *  Sir,'  said  he  once  to  me,  '  it  was  weary  work,  for  master  always 
stopped  the  gig  :  we  never  could  get  past  an  auld  bidding.*  *'  He 
varied  his  pursuits  with  the  study  of  botany,  and  made  practical  expe- 
riments in  gardening  and  farming,  some  of  which  were  reported  to  the 
Board  of  Agriculture,  in  Bailey's  General  View  of  the  Agriculture  of 
the  County  of  Durham,  in  1810.  Yet,  after  all  his  love  of  knowledge, 
Mr.  Surtees  justly  looked  upon  his  pursuits  merely  as  the  amusing 
occupation  of  the  leisure  hours  of  his  life.  His  mind  was  deeply  and  firmly 
impressed  with  the  trutli  of  religion,  and  he  studied  the  evidences  of  it 
with  care.  To  the  ministers  of  the  church  he  never  failed  in  shewing  the 
respect  due  to  their  office.  He  was  heard  to  say  to  one  of  his  tenants, 
*'  Richard,  you  used  to  be  a  regular  attendant  upon  church  :  how  comes  it 
that  I  have  not  seen  you  thereof  late  ?"  **  Why,  bir,  the  parson  and  I  have 
quarrelled  about  tithes."  **  You  fool,"  was  the  reply,  "  is  that  any  reason 
why  you  should  go  to  hell  r"  The  regularity  of  his  studies  about  this  time 
was  much  impeded  by  the  increasing  weakness  of  his  health.  His  friend 
Sir  Cuthbert  Sharp  observed  that  his  habits  had  become  desultory,  and  he 
thus  describes  them  in  his  Recollections  : 

'*  The  manner  in  which  Mr.  Surtees  wrote  hastily  write  down  the  resultofhigmusings ; 
his  History  wasvery  peculiar.  Heneversatc  but  his  ideas  crowded  on  his  mind  so  rapid- 
down  doggedly  to  write,  but  would  wander  ly,  and  his  fancy  was  so  exuberant,  that  hit 
about  on  a  spacious  gravel  walk  in  front  of  pen  could  not  keep  pace  with  his  creative 
hu  home,  and  having  well  considered  his  imagination  ;  and  the  consequence  was, 
subject,  he  would  come  to  Ma  library,  and  that  his  words  were  bat  half  written,  or 


8 


Correspondence  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  Mr.  Surtees,       [Jan. 


simply  hieroglyphic  indications,  and  no- 
body but  himself  could  read  what  h^  had 
written,  and  that  not  always ;  yet  he 
would  afterwards  amplify,  and  make  his 
words  more  legible.  For  sending  his  copy 
to  the  press,  the  different  paragraphs  and 
sentences  were  generally  pinned  or  wa- 
fered  together,  and  numbered.  The 
compositors  had  many  difficulties  to  en- 
counter in  decyphering  his  writing,  and 
frequently  mistook  his    meaning    alto- 


gether. Yet  he  never  found  fault ;  but, 
on  the  contrary,  he  was  amused  with  the 
mistakes  of  the  press,  and  he  would  recall 
at  pleasure  his  former  thoughts — for  the 
ideasr  being  once  fixed  in  his  mind,  the 
correction  of  the  press  was  a  matter  of 
little  difficulty.  He  never  had  any  '  Copy ' 
ready  until  it  was  absolutely  wanted.  He 
said,  he  never  held  a  stock  in  hand,  but 
he  could  always  provide  for  the  current 
day's  work.** 


We  must  now  turn  our  attention  to  his  correspondence  with  Sir  Walter 
Scott.  To  that  illustrious  person  Mr.  Surtees  communicated  some 
information  relative  to  the  Border  Minstrelsy^  and  the  answer  was  as 
follows : 


<<T0   ROBERT   SURTEES,   ESQ. 
MAINSFORTH,    NEAR   RUSHYFORD. 

**  Sir, — I  have  to  beg  your  acceptance 
of  my  best  thanks  for  the  obliging  com- 
munications with  which  I  am  this  day 
favoured ;  and  am  much  flattered  to  find 
that  my  collections  have  proved  at  all  in- 
teresting to  a  gentleman  whose  letter 
proves  him  so  well  acquainted  with  Nor- 
thumbrian antiquities.  I  have  only  to 
regret  that  a  new  edition  of  the  Minstrelsy 
of  the  Scottish  Border  has  just  issued 
from  the  press,  so  that  I  must  treasure  up 
your  remarks  for  a  future  opportunity. 

**  I  had  begun  to  suspect  that  Whitfield 
of  Whitfield  might  be  the  person  of  whom 
Hobbie  Noble  expresses  some  apprehen- 
sions ;  and  as  I  see  in  Wallis*8  History  of 
Northumberland,  that,  about  the  close  of 
the  sixteenth  century,  Ralph  Whitfield 
was  at  the  head  of  the  family,  I  have  ex- 
pressed my  opinion  that  Ralph  Whitfield 
had  in  recitation  been  corrupted  into 
Earl  of  Whitfield,  as  the  words  are  very 
similar  in  sound,  though  not  in  sense  or 
spelling.  But  your  very  curious  observa- 
tions lead  me  to  hesitate,  and  think  the 
original  reading  of  Earl  may  be  the  right 
one. 

**  I  am  here  so  far  from  books  and 
authorities,  that  I  cannot  say  anything 
with  certainty  on  the  subject  of  Ralph 
Eure.  Certain  it  is  that  the  Scotch  his- 
torians call  him  Lord  Eure,  but  that,  ac- 
cording to  the  loose  practice  of  giving  the 
father's  title  to  the  son,  common  in  these 
days,  is  no  argument  against  your  proofs, 
which  indeed  seem  irrefragable. 

«*The  Knights  of  St.  Michael  were, 
according  to  the  best  of  my  recollection, 
called  Knights  of  the  Cockle ;  but  having 
no  authority  to  consult,  I  may  be  mis- 
taken. The  ornament  or  badge  seems 
more  appropriate  to  the  Knights  of  St. 
James  of  Compostella. 

"  Your  story  of  the  Goth  who  melted 
Lord  £ure*8  chaiD,  reminds  me  of  the 
1 


fate  of  a  beautiful  set  of  rosary-beads, 
which  James  V.  of  Scotland  gave  to  one 
of  his  godsons,  and  which  fell  into  the 
hands  of  an  old  lady,  who  had  the  cruelty 
to  dispose  of  the  best  part  of  it,  ft  la/ofon 
of  the  proprietor  of  Witton  Castle. 

''  Poor  Ritson's  MSS.  were  sadly  dis- 
persed. Indeed,  in  the  alienation  of  mind 
which  preceded  his  death,  he  destroyed 
many  which  contained  the  memoranda  of 
the  labours  of  years.  There  is  a  copy  of 
Musgrave,  in  the  Roxburgh  or  Pearson 
Collection  of  Ballads,  which  I  hope  to 
get  copied  when  I  go  to  London.  It 
seems  to  be  that  very  favourite  song  of 
'  Plumpton  Park,*  which  is  often  referred 
to  as  a  popular  air.  There  was  another 
ballad  in  the  collection  of  poor  Ritson, 
of  which  he  would  not  give  me  a  copy, 
and  which  I  fear  is  lost.  It  was  called 
*  Raid  of  Rookhope,*  and,  as  I  think, 
was  picked  up  from  recitation  somewhere 
in  the  Bishopric  or  Northumberland.  It 
contained  some  account  of  a  skirmish  be- 
tween the  Tynedale  men  and  those  of 
Rookhope,  in  which  the  former  were 
beaten  ;  with  a  curious  enumeration  of  the 
clans  on  both  sides.  Perhaps  these  hints 
may  enable  you,  or  some  friend  carious  in 
these  matters,  still  to  recover  it. 

**  The  fragment  with  which  you  favoured 
me  seems  to  refer  to  a  ballad  current  in 
Scotland,  the  burden  of  which  runs, 

*  With  a  hey  and  a  lilv  gay. 
And  the  rose  it  smells  sae  swetly.' 

But  one  or  two  verses  of  your  fragment 
are  much  more  poetical  than  those  of  our 
old  song.  The  bride's  brother  kills  the 
bride.  It  is  printed  by  Jamieson,  in  his 
Select  Ballads,  lately  published  by  Con- 
stable of  Edinburgh,  in  which  you  will,  I 
think,  find  some  other  curious  matter.  I 
am.  Sir,  with  my  best  thanks  for  your 
polite  attention, 

'*  Your  obliged  and 

very  humble  servant.** 
*' /t9heiteilj  by  Selkirk,'' 


18400  Memoir  qf  Robert  SurteeSy  Esq.  F.S.A.  9 

Bot  how  shall  we  narrate  the  next  circnrastance  that  appears  in  the 
history  of  these  learned  men  ?  how  sootli  the  indignation  of  all  brother 
antiqaaries  ?  how  palliate  the  offence  of  a  grave  imposition  practised  by 
the  Falatinate  Historian  on  the  credulity  of  the  Border  Minstrel  ?  We 
blush  as  we  write,  but  perforce  the  story  must  appear^  and^  as  it  comes  to 
light,  we  almost  fancy  that  we  hear  an  indignant  groan  breathing  amid  the 
roined  pillars  of  Melrose,  and  rebuking  the  treachery  which  to  the  living 
ear  of  the  bard  was  never  disclosed. 

Mr.  Surtees  gave  a  copy  of  a  Border  ballad  ^^  on  the  Fued  between 
the  Ridleys  and  Feathers  tones/*  from  the  recitation  of  an  old  woman  on 
Alston  Moor,  accompanied  with  glossarial  explanations,  and  learned  histo- 
rical notes,  to  identify  the  personages  alluded  to,  and  to  determine  the  date 
of  the  transaction.  Scott  was  delighted  with  this  accession  to  his  col- 
lection, and  did  not  doubt  the  genuineness  of  the  piece,  It  accordingly  was 
introdaced  as  a  valuable  gem  of  antiquity  into  the  twelfth  note  to  the  first 
canto  of  Marmion,  published  in  the  beginning  of  1808,  as  furnished  by  his 
friend  and  correspondent,  R.  Surtees,  Esq.  of  Mainsforth*  Now  all  this 
was  a  merejigment,  a  sport,  a  frolic  of  an  antiquary  s  brain  ! !  It  is  proved 
by  more  than  one  copy  of  the  poem  being  found  among  his  papers,  cor- 
rected and  interlined.  The  imposition  was  never  acknowledged.  In 
the  Minstresly,  published  in  1831,  the  ballad  of  Featherstonhaugh  still 
retains  its  place,  with  all  its  borrowed  plumes  and  fictitious  air,  un- 
detected ! ! ! 

Mr.  Surtees  subsequently  wrote  to  Scott,  urging  him  to  continue  his 
interesting  collections  to  the  periods  of  1715  and  1745;  also  promising 
him  a  ballad — ''  Lord  Derwentwater's  Good  Night."  We  insert  Scott's 
answer. 

**  TO  a.  fiURTBXS,  ESQ.  MAIN8FQRTH  chorus.     The  Raed  of  Rookhope,  such 

BT  RUSHTFORD,  BISHOPRIC  OF  parts  of  it  at  least  as  I  have  seen,  re- 

DURH  AM.  sembles  extremely  the  Fray  of  Saport,  and 

"  Dear  Sir,— I  waa  much  obliged  tod  the  verses  you  have  so  kindly  sent  me  ; 

intefwted  by  your  long  and  curious  letter.  "»d  none  of  them  are  like  any  Scottish 

The  fray  between  the  Ridleys  and  the  hallad  I  ever  saw. 

Featherrtonchaughs  is  extremely  curious,         "  You  flatter  me  very  much  by  point- 

and  icemf  to  have  been  such  a  composition  '^^  o^t  to  my  attention  the  feuds  of  1715 

aa  that  in  the  Border  Minstrelsy  called  the  and  45  :— the  truth  is,  that  the  subject  has 

Fray  of  Suport,  which  I  have  heard  sung.  oft«n  and  deeply  interested  me  from  my 

I  wffl  certainly  Uisert  it,  with  your  per-  earliest  youth.  My  great-giundfather  was 

mlssioii,  in  the  next  edition  of  that  work  ;  out,  as  the  phrase  goes,  in  Dundee's  wars, 

aad  I  am  only  sorry  that  it  wUl  be  some  and  in  IT  15  had  nearly  the  honour  to  be 

tiaae  before  I  can  avail  myself  of  it,  as  the  hanged  for  his  pains,  had  it  not  been  for 

third  edition  is  just  out  of  press.     Your  the  interest  of  Duchess  Anne  of  Buccleuch 

notes  upon  the  parties  concerned  give  it  and    Monmouth,    to   whom  I  have    at- 

an  the  faiterest  of  authenticity,   and  it  tempted,  post  hmgo  intervallo,  to  pay  a 

most  rank,  I  suppose,  among  those  half-  debt  of  gratitude.     But,  besides  thU,  my 

serious,  half-lu«ficrou8  songs  in  which  the  father,  although  a  Borderer,   transacted 

poeU  of  the  Border  delighted  to  describe  business  for  many  Highland  lairds,  and 

what    they  considered  aa    the  sport  of  particuUrly  for  one  old  man,  called  Stuart 

9W9rds,      It    is,    perhaps,     remarkable,  of  Invemahyle,  who  had  been  out  both  in 

though  it  maybe  difficult  to  guess  areason,  1715  and  1745,  and  whose  tales  were  the 

that  these  Cumbrian  ditties  are  of  a  dif-  absolute  delight  of  my  childhood.     I  be- 

ferent  stanza,   character,   and   obviously  Heve  there  never  was  a  man  who  united 

sang  to  a  different  kind  of  music,  from  the  ardour  of  a  soldier  and  tele-teller,  or 

those    on    the  Northern   Border.      The  man  of  telk,  as  they  caU  it  in  Gaelic,  in 

gentleman  who  collected  the  words  may,  such  an  excellent  degree ;  and  as  he  was 

perhaps,  be  able  to   describe  the  tune,  as  fond  of  teUing  aa  I  was  of  hearing,  I 

fiat  of  the  Fray  of  Suport  is  a  wild  mde  became  a  raliant  Jacobite  at  the  age  of 

Idnd  of  reclUtivo,  with  a  very  outrageous  ten  years  oU ;  and  even  since  nwsoii  and 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII.  C 


10 


Memoir  of  Robert  Surlees^  Esq.  F.S.A* 


[Jan. 


reading  came  to  my  assistance,  I  have 
never  quite  got  rid  of  the  impression 
which  the  gallantry  of  Prince  Charles 
made  on  my  imagination.  Certainly  I 
will  not  renounce  the  idea  of  doing  some- 
thing to  preserve  these  stories,  and  the 
memory  of  times  and  manners,  which, 
though  existing  as  it  were  yesterday,  have 
so  strangely  vanished  from  our  eyes. 
Whether  this  will  be  best  done  by  collect- 
ing the  old  tales,  or  by  modernising  them, 
as  subjects  of  legendary  poetry,  I  have 
never  very  seriously  considered  ;  but  your 
kind  encouragement  confirms  me  in  the 
resolution  that  something  I  must  do,  and 
speedily.  I  would  be  greatly  obliged  to 
you  for  the  *'Good  Night  of  Lord  Der- 
wentwater."  I  have  a  stall-copy  of  a 
ballad  so  entitled,  very  similar  to  that 
published  by  Ritson.  in  a  small  thin  12mo. 
entitled  the  Northumberland  Garland,  or 
some  such  thing.  Ritson* s  copy  and  mine 
agree  in  the  main,  and  begin 

*  Mackentofth  was  a  soldier  brave, 
And  of  his  A-iends  he  took  his  leave, 
Toward  Northumberland  he  drew, 
Marching  along  with  a  valiant  crew.' 

This  is  a  miserable  ditty  in  all  respects ; 
and  as  it  does  not  contain  either  of  the 
verses  in  your  letter,  I  hope  yours  is  either 
entirely  another  song,  or  a  very  superior 
edition  of  the  same. 


ti 


The  extract  of  the  ghostly  combat 
between  Bulmer  and  his  aerial  adversary, 
is  like  the  chapter  of  a  romance,  and  very 
curious.  I  am  much  obliged  to  you  for 
the  trouble  you  have  taken  of  transcribing 
it.  The  story  of  the  nocturnal  proclama- 
tion at  the  cross  of  Edinburgh,  summon- 
ing all  the  leaders  of  the  Scottish  army  to 
appear  before  the  tribunal  of  Plotcock 
(Pluto,  I  suppose,)  occurs  in  Pitscottie's 
History  of  Scotland.  I  think  he  gives  it 
on  the  authority  of  the  person  who  heard 
the  proclamation ;  and,  hearing  his  own 
name  in  the  citation  of  the  infernal  herald, 
appealed  from  Plotcock *s  tribunal  to  that 
of  God,  and  threw  a  florin  over  the  balcony 
in  which  he  was  walking,  in  evidence  of 
his  protest.  He  was  the  only  man  of  the 
number  cited  who  escaped  death  at  the 
fatal  field  of  Flodden. — I  have  some  part 
of  a  poem  or  tale  upon  this  subject,  which 
I  will  be  happy  to  shew  you  one  day. 

*'  Once  more,  my  dear  sir,  pray  per- 
severe with  your  kind  intentions  towards 
me,  and  do  not  let  me  lose  the  benefit 
your  correspondence  holds  out  to 
•*  Dear  Sir,  your  most 
obliged  humble  servant, 
"Walter  Scott. 

"Ed'mhurgh,  Mth 
December^  1806." 


Mr.  Snrtees  next  communicated  to  Scott  a  stanza  of  the  '*  Raid  of 
Rookhope/*  and  fragments  of  other  ballads,  which  brought  the  following 
reply. 


'*  WALTER    SCOTT,  ESQ.    TO  R.  SURTEES, 

ESQ. 

*'  My  dear  Sir, — I  cannot  express  how 
much  I  am  obliged  to  you  for  your  kind 
communications,  which  I  value  as  I  ought 
to  do.  The  Raid  of  Rookhopc,  so  un- 
expectedly  recovered,  is  a  very  curious 
piece ;  and  rendered  much  more  so  by 
your  illustrations.  I  willingly  acknow- 
ledge Mr.  Frank's  kindness,  by  sending 
such  of  his  uncle's  letters  as  I  have  been 
able  to  recover.  I  think  I  have  one  or 
two  more,  but  I  fear  they  are  at  my  farm 
in  Ettricke  Forest.  Mr.  Frank  is  per- 
fectly at  liberty  to  print  any  part  of  them 
he  pleases,  excepting  those  passages 
round  which  I  have  put  a  circumflex  with 
a  black-lead  pencil,  which  he  will  see 
reasons  for  my  wishing  omitted.  I  had  a 
great  kindness  for  poor  Mr.  Ritson  ;  and 
always  experienced  from  him  the  readiest, 
kindest,  and  most  liberal  assistance  in  the 
objects  of  our  joint  pursuit,  in  which  he 
was  so  well  qualified  to  direct  the  re- 
searches of  an  inferior  antiquary.  One 
thing  I  observed  in  his  temper,  an  atten« 


tion  to  which  rendered  communication 
with  him  much  more  easy  than  if  it  was 
neglected.  It  was,  that  Mr.  Ritson  was 
very  literal  and  precise  in  his  own  state- 
ments, and  expecting  you  to  be  equally  so, 
was  much  disgusted  with  any  loose  or  in- 
accurate averment.  I  remember  rather  a 
ludicrous  instance  of  this.  He  made  me  a 
visit  of  two  days  at  my  cottage,  near  Las- 
wade,  where  I  then  spent  the  summer.  In 
the  course  of  con  versing  on  such  subjects, 
we  talked  of  the  Roman  Wall ;  and  I  was 
surprised  to  find  that  he  had  adopted,  on 
the  authority  of  some  person  at  Hexham, 
a  strong  persuasion  that  its  remains  were 
nowhere  apparent,  at  least  not  albove  a 
foot  or  two  in  height.  I  hastily  assured 
him  that  this  was  so  far  from  being  true, 
that  I  had  myself  seen  a  portion  of  it 
standing  almost  entire,  high  enough  to 
break  a  man's  neck.  Of  this  Ritson  took 
a  formal  memorandum,  and  having  visited 
the  ])1ace,  (Glenwhelt,  near  Gisland,)  he 
wrote  back  to  me,  or  rather  I  think  to 
John  Leyden,  *■  that  he  had  seen  the  wall ; 
that  he  really  thought  that  a  fall  would 
break  one's  neck ;  at  least  it  was  bo  bigli 


1840.] 


Memoir  of  Robert  Surtees,  Esq.  F.S.A. 


11 


as  to  render  the  experiment  dangerous.'  I 
immediately  saw  what  a  risk  1  had  been 
ia,  for  you  may  beliere  I  had  no  idea  of 
bdng  tsd^en  quite  so  literally.  I  was  very 
indignant  at  the  insult  offered  to  his  me* 
mory,  in  one  of  the  periodical  publications, 
after  his  decease ;  imputing  the  unfortu- 
nate malady  with  which  he  was  afflicted 
to  Proridential  rengeance  and  retribution, 
for  which  the  editor,  in  exact  retributive 
justice,  deserved  to  be  damned  for  a 
hntal  scoundrel. 

**  Aa  a  friend  going  towards  London 
has  promised  to  drop  the  parcel  contain- 
ing Ritson's  letters  at  Rushyford,  I  add  a 
womJI  volume  of  ancient  modem  ballads 
and  traditions,  composed  by  one  of  our 
shqpherds,  (I  do  not  speak  in  Arcadian 
phraae,  but  in  literal  Ritsonian  strictness,) 
of  whicli  I  beg  your  acceptance.  You  will, 
I  think,  be  pleased  both  with  the  prose 
and  verse  of  this  little  publication ;  and 
if  you  can  give  it  any  celebrity  among 
yoar  friends,  who  may  admire  ancient  lore, 
you  will  do  service  to  a  worthy  and  inge- 
nious lad,  who  is  beating  up  against  the 
tide  of  adversity.  1  must  now  tell  you, 
(for  I  think  your  correspondence  has 
been  chiefly  the  cause  of  it,)  that  by  call- 
ing my  attention  back  to  these  times  and 
topics  which  we  have  been  canvassing, 
you  are  likely  to  occasion  the  world  to  be 
troubled  with  more  border  minstrelsy. 
1  have  made  some  progress  in  a  legendary 
poem,  which  is  to  be  entitled  Mannion, 
or  a  Tale  of  Flodden-Field.  It  is  in  six 
Cantos,  each  having  a  Venvoy^  or  intro- 
ductory epistle,  in  more  modem  verse. 
In  the  first  Canto  I  have  introduced  a 
verse  of  the  Thirlwalls,  &c.  Marmion,  on 
an  embassy  to  Scotland,  is  entertained  at 
Norham  Castle,  by  Heron,  the  captain  of 
tliat  fortress, — 

'  He  led  Lord  Mannion  to  the  dais. 

Raised  o'er  the  pavement  high, 
And  placed  him  in  the  upper  place ; 

They  feasted  full  and  high. 

Meanwhile  a  Northern  harper  rude 

Channted  a  rhyme  of  deadly  feud ; 
'  How  the  fierce  Ridleys  and  Thirlwalls  all, 
Stout  Willemoteswick, 
And  hard-riUing  Dick, 
And  Httgfaie  of  Hawdon,  and  Will  of  the  Wall, 

Have  set  on  Sir  Albany  Fcathenitonehau^h, 

And  taken  his  life  at  the  dead  man's  shaw.* 
Seantly  Lord  Marmion's  ear  could  brook 

The  harper's  barbarous  lay  ; 
Yet  much  he  praised  the  pains  he  took. 

And  well  those  pains  did  pay ; 
For  lady's  suit  and  minstrcPs  Mtrain 
By  Knight  should  ne'er  be  heard  in  vain.' 

**  In  the  notes  I  will  give  your  copy  of  the 
ballad  and  your  learned  illustrations.  Holy 
Island  if  one  of  my  scenes :  also  Whitby. 


I  have  occasion  for  an  Abbess  of  Whitby, 
and  also  for  a  Nunnery  at  Lindisfarae, 
There  were  nuns  in  both  places,  as  well  as 
monks;  both  of  the  order  of  St.  Benedict: 
but  I  suspect  I  am  bringing  them  down 
too  late  by  several  centuries ;  this,  how- 
ever, I  shall  not  greatly  mind.  1  fear  I 
shall  be  obliged  to  go  to  London  this 
Spring,  which  may  throw  me  behind  in 
my  poetical  labours,  which,  however,  are 
already  pretty  well  advanced. 

''  I  wonder  what  other  ballads  Mr. 
Ritson  intended  to  insert  in  the  little  col- 
lection, of  which  the  Raid  of  Rookhope  is 
one  ;  and  should  like  very  much  indeed  to 
have  a  complete  set  of  the  leaves,  if  Mr. 
Frank  could  favour  me  so  far.  If  he  has 
any  intention  of  publishing  them,  1  will 
with  pleasure  postpone  my  curiosity.  The 
Latin  song,  which  you  mention  as  a  fa- 
vourite of  the  old  hero  of  1745,  was  pro- 
bably Kennedy's  Pralium  GilUcrankiense, 
in  leonine  Latin,  which  I  translated  into 
doggrel  verse,  at  Ritton's  instance,  and 
for  his  collection.  If  Mr.  Frank  wishes 
to  dave  those  verses  which  are  alluded 
to  in  Mr.  R.'s  letters  to  me,  I  will  send 
them.  They  are  absolute  doggrel,  but  very 
literal.  I  also  translated  for  him  Let 
Souvenirs  de  Chastelain,  '  Down  Plump- 
ton  Park  *  seems  to  have  been  a  favourite 
tune.  There  are  many  references  to  it. 
As  the  Duke  of  Roxburghe's  library  is  in 
a  state  of  abeyance,  I  may  not  easily  find 
access  to  the  copy  which  is  there.  Will 
you,  therefore,  excuse  my  requesting  you, 
not  to  write  out  the  song  yourself,  (which 
if  you  hate  copying  as  much  as  I  do  will 
be  but  a  tedious  task,)  but  to  find  some 
one  to  make  me  a  copy.  The  Dialogue 
between  Jenny  Cameron  and  her  Maid  I 
have  seen.  I  like  some  of  the  simple 
strains  in  Lord  Derwentwater's  Complaint 
very  much  indeed,  and  am  impatient  to 
see  it ;  though  I  should  be  ashamed  to  say 
so.  after  the  trouble  I  have  already  given, 
and  am  to  give  you.  Ritson  had  a  ballad 
with  a  simple  Northern  burden 

*  The  oak,  the  ash,  and  the  ivy  tree, 
O,  they  flourish  best  at  hame,  in  the  North 
country.' 

Do  you  know  any  thing  of  it  "i 

"  I  dare  not  again  read  over  this 
scrawl,  which  has  been  written  at  our 
Court  table,  while  the  Counsel  were  plead- 
ing the  great  cause  of  the  Duke  of  Rox<* 
burghe's  succession.  So  pray  excuse  mis^ 
takes,  and  believe  me, 

••  Dear  Sir, 

[The  remainder  has  been  cut  out.] 
••  Edinhuryhy  Feb.  J  I,  lh(»7. 
**  Of  course  Mr.   Frank  will  take  [care] 
of,  and  return,  the  origiuals  of  Mr.  Rit« 
son's  letters  to  me. 


•    •• 

.:*  in 

•1  r 
■  \   ^  «• 

1  . 


I-^A  Jan. 

rriiNiHTdUsK  fin  Mr. 

IK    !!::imrd    Mi8«   Anoe 

::i::L'lit(T  of   Kalph 

..:i  .    leu  nmrnsiri'S,  it  if 

« 

:iif   iiurticb.     He  nov 
::.:iif    o:'trn  o%crflnired 

■  t!i'>iir)it  iiifr  house  had 
.1  pMtjiortioii  to  the 
:.>  Ill  Ti.irii:  uas  spent  in 
'  •!  r  tf  luutfb-baiik, 
••    .  1.  ••iiiiinf.  fn»ni  seed 
:.:i .  f^Tif  ;:J  jtlra.«ure  in 
;  .4^"«  •  '}  kduiiri-d  to  see 
*   •  •..:»•■■.:  *ui:\i  iiTiiSb  from  his 

^       :   '    !  •..■;»  :nui(iiK  Herewith 

-'     •     ''':::::;?!•  iri  tttuching  his 

-  \  •      .-  '  \:ri  :.jily  iiitt  resting 

N.         .         :..».«.    .  ..:  :  :  "f  iiatiTL*  and  her 

.  :   :  '^.T.    :    i.>.r.  tl.f  rl^e  and  fall 

:■  V  .i  :.  ■.."i  ii:  «it'«"av.once  in- 

.      .      -     :•-  :  :.    rt.-Mtr-i  his  |)ecuiiar  at- 

.   ■.  .      •    .  ::..   :  t :?  I...!  i...-ri'r\,  the  virtues 

.n  .     N       V  ^, »..*!.  I :.i^i...t  Ii.  the  extremity  of 

^    t    **.-,  k!».;:  .  :..>  iH—;  i'!'i  tree  was  a  peculiar 

!  .    :■  .!  M  I   ^  N  ^  •*:"   l.t '..:  •* — •  htr  seemed  to  gal* 

.    I     1. .  ,  ^    ii    II.:    :  i!    !'.-.s'.rx.   \\!..ih  I'lttn  iiuintentionallf 

,    I   !.;.   ^*»ini    !'::-..>.    '  *•::  il.i'  *:ricn  inheritance  of 

.  ..     ,1 1.i.»i   I..'.    .::  .!  ilif   wiir   ioT  iish.     Before  Mr. 

......  I...")   .Mu.s.  ■:   !.i:i   M«:!ir  Irttir- on  his  projected 

.;:.  .    r.,.,       ,..,    M. ■:;.:.'!:.   .iini    "thtr    subjects.     TJiWC 

I ilux  .:  :  ...I  ii.ii:^lituitL  interest  aud  in- 

,.    ...  r!.    I.rn.irx  purMiits  of  Scott  y^^^ 

■  !    ,.:!i!it    iMri-srlvis  with   extract-ittR 
„  .1  Iiitii  -I.itiil  Jii  Apr.  ISOS. 

,      ...  .,  .!.   ..   whtiiiii     Mvne  i»^*^  ^ 

I. .:,•!!.     No    doubt  this    **^?^-^ 

.  .,  I  i/.l  ii'o  f.ir.  ail  J  oae  ma^    ^v2ej 

.:i  minute  jiartkniUr*       »  ^|^ 


■  I  •  .1    ii 

I.,. I     II . 

,.  .      .. 


.1.  .1 

■  i    I  .i      I 
I    I-    •« 


.li*    "!  ■•: 


I.      ..        I    II  '    \  III       .iii.":i'; 


■  ,r.    wtiich  would 


-...,111*;    «■««    ^« 
i;...  .1.  il..-  Vi-nt-tian 


I  I 


••  .   I    .lit 

I 

Ill  I  I  If  •  I 

.  ■  I  11  i  II 1 1       ^^^ 


.n.",^.    «hcn    righting  m^ 
i!  ,1    111.  >    wtre    ^enetii 


i.ii  i.  1. «^<  i«- 

,  \,       Ml  .•iiii.|iiary  many 


I 

if  '  .     I  ' 

.  ,    I  j  i     ■  lllllH    , 


i     I  !.•  I 

I.     I ill  t\  1 


.III  ■• I"—.-  -   -      ■ 

..,   ,„.,„^  a|HK-t'Biay» 

»Mii.v  t^»«"y,?"*^ 

s ;;  those  of  later  dr 

i!,.  .,      I..,.,.,  itanopportu 


.111    I 


^  • 


.  ,■      .-..f  rf|»ay>n«  * 

II,       I.  ••  III  III  I  lU' '*■'•(>'•''* 


,     I   .1...^  IrltlT  fl-OlO  ^' 

;  ^    .. ,  ,  ...        n I.  .Man  ol  the  McH>"» 


12 


Memoir  of  Robert  Surtees,  Esq^  F.S.A. 


[Jan. 


These  were  pleasing  lucubrations^  which  acted  prosperously  on  Mrr 
Surtees*  health  and  spirits.  In  June  1807  he  married  Miss  Anne 
Robinson^  to  whom  he  had  been  long  attached ;  daughter  of  Ralph 
Robinson,  Esq.  of  Middle  Herington^  Durham^  and  few  marriages*  it  is 
said,  more  entirely  realized  the  anticipations  of  the  parties.  He  now 
lived  pleasantly  and  sociably,  and  his  hospitable  table  often  overflowed 
with  guests.  He  said  to  Sir  C.  Sharp,  **  that  he  thought  his  house  had 
the  property  of  indefinite  extension,  so  as  to  expand  in  pi-oportion  to  the 
number  of  his  friends.**  When  alone,  a  part  of  his  morning  was  spent  in 
the  woods,  and  riding  through  his  green  lanes,  or  favourite  lough-bank, 
which  are  beautifully  covered  with  every  shade  of  colombine,  from  seed 
scattered  by  himself  when  quite  a  boy.  He  had  especial  pleasure  in 
raising  flowers  upon  his  garden  wall^  and  many  a  passer  by  admired  to  see 
the  Squire  mounted  on  his  short  ladder,  weeding  the  rough  grass  from  his 
wild  pinks  and  stone  crop ;  but  when  any  of  his  literary  friends  were  with 
him,  they  made  occasional  excursions  in  quest  of  information  touching  his 
History.  *'  And  in  these/*  says  Mr.  Raine,  '*  it  was  extremely  interesting 
to  accompany  Mr.  Surtees."  He  was  a  great  admirer  of  nature  and  her 
scenery,  and  would  moralize  for  an  hour  together  upon  the  rise  and  fall 
of  the  families  of  the  county.  An  old  gable-ended  house  in  decay,  once  in- 
habited by  a  gentleman,  or  a  dried  up  fish-pond,  attracted  his  peculiar  at- 
tention, and  he  would  reflect  aloud  upon  the  personal  history,  the  virtues 
or  the  vices  of  its  former  owners.  A  Spanish  chesnut  in  the  extremity  of 
decay  is  all  that  remains  at  Sockburne.  This  poor  old  tree  was  a  pecoliar 
favourite  of  his,  and  as  he  himself  says  of  Leland — '  he  seemed  to  gaze 
with  that  deep  feeling  of  natural  beauty,  which  often  unintentionally 
betrays  itself  amidst  his  severer  pursuits,*  '*  on  the  green  inheritance  of 
the  lovely  lawn,  the  circling  Tees,  and  the  weir  for  fish.  Before  Mr. 
Surtees*  marriage,  Scott  had  addressed  him  some  letters  on  his  projected 
edition  of  the  Sadler  Papers,  on  Marmion,  and  other  subjects.  These 
Mr.  Taylor  has  introduced,  and  they  all  are  fraught  with  interest  and  in- 
formation, relating  even  more  to  the  literary  pursuits  of  Scott  than  to 
those  of  Surtees  ;  but  we  must  content  ourselves  with  extracting  the 
following  interesting  passage  from  a  letter  dated  26  Apr.  1808. 

quois  as  when  the  scene  is  laid  in  fbadal 
Europe.  No  doubt  this  may  easiljr  b& 
carried  too  far,  and  one  may  he  induced  to 
dwell  on  minute  particulars,  becanse  thej 
are  ancient,  which  would  not  be  worth 
mentioning  were  the  costume  modem. 
But  as  the  Venetian  general  told  his  sol- 
diers, when  fighting  against  the  Pope, 
that  they  were  Venetians  before  th^y 
were  Christians  ;  even  so  I,  having  been 
an  antiquary  many  years  before  I  thought 
of  being  a  poet,  may  be  permitted  to  st* 
crifice  to  my  original  studies,  while  pur- 
suing those  of  later  date.  Adieu,  my  good 
friend,  and  believe  I  will  think  myself 
happy  if  an  opportunity  should  ever  occur 
to  me  of  repaying  in  part  your  manifii^ 
kindnesses.'' 


**  About  Marmion,  I  can  safely  say, 
though  it  sounds  very  like  ajffectation,  that 
my  anxiety  was  past,  after  it  received  in  a 
considerable  degree  the  suffrages  of  a  few 
of  my  friends.  I  hardly  know  how  or  why 
it  is,  but  I  really  lose  all  concern  for  my 
labours  after  they  get  before  the  public  ; 
and  the  fate  of  those  that  sunk  and  those 
that  swam,  and  I  have  had  a  good  many 
of  both,  made  an  equally  indifferent  im- 
pression upon  their  unfeeling  parent.  As 
to  the  special  objections  mentioned,  they 
fall  within  my  plan,  which  has  always 
been  rather  to  exhibit  ancient  costume, 
diction,  and  manners,  than  to  display 
my  own  ingenuity  in  making  an  ideal 
world,  or  in  dealing  in  general  description, 
which  may  be  as  correct  among  the  Iro- 


Wc  next  meet  with  a  most  interesting  letter  from  Mr.  Surtees,  in  which 
he  gives  the  legend  of  the  '<  Brown  Man  of  the  Moors/'  since  formed  into 


1840.] 


Memoir  of  Robert  Surtees,  Esq.  F.S^A. 


13 


a  spirited  ballad  by  Mr.  Leyden ;  '*  The  Worm  of  Lambton/'  an  eminent 
Dorham  legend  -,  and  the  ballad  of  Barthran  or  Bartram,  since  given  in  the 
Minstreby,  but  which  was  Mr.  Sartees*  composition  -,*  and  in  a  subse- 
quent letter,  the  date  of  which  is  in  Dec.  1810,  his  taste  and  poetical 
talents  were  shown  in  some  very  elegant  verses  to  Scott,  which  were 
afterwards  printed  in  the  Edinburgh  Annual  Register  for  the  same  year ; 
they  are  evidently  formed  on  the  model  of  Collin s*s  ode  on  the  "  Supersti- 
tion of  the  Highlands/'  and  though  a  few  expressions  show  that  the  author 
was  not  much  accustomed  to  poetical  composition,  they  are  such  as  do  no 
discredit  to  his  feeling  or  genius.  The  following  letter,  as  the  biographer 
of  Mr.  Surtees  justly  says,  is  peculiarly  interesting,  as  it  exhibits  the 
modest  form  in  which  the  magnificent  pile  of  Abbotsford  first  presented 
itself  to  the  imagination  of  the  poet,  and  which  he  afterwards  (12  Nov.) 
calls  the  least  of  all  possible  houses. 


14 


W.  SCOTT,  ESQ.  TO  R.  SURTEES,  ESQ. 


•*  My  dear  Surtees, — Your  query  about 
die  old  ballad  reminds  me  what  an  idle 
oorrapondent  I  have  been  with  a  friend 
to  whom  I  owe  so  much.     I  have  not 
either  right  or  inclination   to  object  to 
what  Mr.  Bell,  of  Newcastle,  proposes. 
,jLn  old  ballad  is,  I  apprehend,  common 
property,  and  cannot  be  appropriated  ex- 
clvsiTely  even  by  the  person  who  first 
briBgi  it  before  the  public ;  and  at  any 
rate,  if  I  had  any  right  in  the  matter,  it 
could  be  only  through  you,  to  whom  I  owe 
the  fong,  with  many  other  favours.     In 
about  a  fortnight  I  shall  send  the  seventh 
▼olume   of  Somers,   which   I   hope  wiU 
reach  you  safe.     I  shall  add  a  flimsy  sort 
of  pamphlet,   published    (or    printed    I 
should  say,  for  it  is  not  published)  by  a 
lady  of  your  country,  now  residing  here. 
It  is  a  genealogical  memoir  of  the  family 
of  Ogle  ;  but  far  too  general,  and  too  lit- 
tle supported  by  dates  and  references  to 
be  interesting.  It  might  be  called  from  the 
name  of  the  fair — *  Prideaux's  Connec- 
tions.'    I   hope,  likewise,  to  add  a  poem 
called  *  Catalonia,'  written  by  a  gentleman 
who  is  now  on  Sir  Edward  PeUew's  sta- 
tion, and  a  man  of  talent  and  informa- 
tion ;  it  is  chiefly  valuable  for  the  notes, 
which  contain  some  curious  notices  on  the 
present  state  and  temper  of  the  Spanish 


nation,  formed  upon  the  best  opportuni- 
ties of  information. 

*•  Yon  will  naturally  expect  that  I 
should  send  you  some  news  of  my  present 
avocations ;  since  to  plead  I  have  been 
doing  nothing,  would  make  my  debt  to 
you  a  very  deep  and  black  one.  You  will, 
therefore,  please  to  be  informed,  that  I 
have  been  very  busy  improving  a  small 
farm  of  about  110  acres,  upon  the  Tweed, 
near  Melrose,  where  I  intend  to  build  a 
cottage.  Meanwhile  I  am  setting  trees 
with  all  my  might ;  for,  to  say  truth,  the 
beauties  of  my  residence  (excepting  that 
it  lies  along  a  fine  reach  of  Tweed),  are 
rather  in  posge  than  in  ette.  Moreover,  I 
have  been  building  flood- dykes,  with  all 
my  might  and  main ;  and  Tweed  has  been 
assailing  them  with  all  his,  and  has  very 
nearly  proved  the  better  champion,  the 
water  having  come  within  nine  inches  of 
the  top  of  my  barrier,  during  a  flood 
which  is  almost  unexampled.  "These  cir- 
cumstances, which  have  hitherto  inter- 
fered with  my  literary  labours  or  amuse- 
ments, are  now  like  to  impel  me  toward 
them  ;  for  if  I  build  I  must  have  money, 
and  I  know  none  will  give  me  any  but  the 
booksellers ;  so  I  must  get  up  into  my 
wheel,  like  a  turnspit,  or  lose  the  pleasant 
prospect  of  placing  roast  mutton  before 
you  at  Abbotsford.     I  think  of  laying  my 


*  We  give  in  a  note  a  specimen  of  Mr.  Surtees'  humorous  and  singular  manner,  of 
which  others  might  have  been  noticed.  "  S.  Grinsdale,  curate  of  Herrington,  who  was 
very  poor  and  had  a  numerous  family,  lost  his  only  cow.  Mr.  Surtees  waited  on  the 
Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry  (the  late  Earl  Comwallis),  then  Dean  of  Durham,  and 
owner  of  the  great  tithes  of  Herrington,  to  ask  what  he  would  give,  '  Give,*  said  he, 
'  why  a  cow  to  be  sure  ;  go,  Mr.  Surtees,  to  my  steward,  and  t^  him  to  give  you  as 
much  money  as  will  buy  the  best  cow  you  can  find.'  Mr.  Surtees,  who  had  not  ex- 
|)ected  more  than  a  1/.  note  exclaimed,  '  My  Lord,  I  hope  you  will  ride  to  Heaven  on 
the  back  of  that  cow.'     A  while  after  he  was  saluted  by  the  late  Lord  Barrington  with 

*  Surtees,  wliat  is  the  absurd  speech  that  I  hear  you  have  been  making  to  the  Dean  ?  * 

*  I  see  nothing  absurd  in  it,'  was  the  reply  ;  '  when  the  Dean  rides  to  Heaven  on  the 
back  of  that  cow,  mtny  of  you  prebendariei  will  be  glad  to  lay  hold  of  her  tail' " 


14 


Memoir  of  Robert  Surtees,  Esq,  RS.A» 


[Jatt. 


scene  near  Barnard  Castle,  where  there  is 
some  beautiful  scenery,  with  which  I  am 
pretty  well  acquainted.  If  you  can  point 
but  to  me  any  romantic  or  picturesque  in- 
cident of  the  period  not  generally  known, 
you  will  greatly  oblige  me.  You  know 
that  my  stories  are  like  a  pleasure-walk, 
and  can  easily  be  turned  aside,  so  as  to 
embrace  a  fine  point  of  view,  or  lead  to  a 
wild  dell. 

**  I  should  like  very  well  your  proposal 
of  a  fourth  volume  of  the  Minstrelsy ;  but 
the  Jacobite  tunes  have  been  published 
and  re-published  so  often,  that  I  doubt 


being  able  to  produce  articles  of  much 
novelty. 

**  Mrs.  Scott  begs  kind  compliments  to 
Mrs.  Surtees.  Why  will  you  not  take  a 
few  weeks  of  our  metropolis,  during  the 
severity  of  the  winter  ?  I  think  you  will 
be  amused,  as  well  as  Mrs.  S.  I  don*t 
deserve  to  hear  from  you  soon  ;  but  when 
you  can  tell  me  of  your  literary  employ- 
ments, the  history  of  the  county,  &c.  it 
will  greatly  refresh, 

"  Dear  Sir,  yours  most  truly, 

**  Walter  Scott." 

*•  Edinburgh,  Dec,  10." 


The  year  1812  was  marked  "  albo  lapillo  "  by  Mr.  Surtees,  as  he  then 
formed  his  acquaintance  with  Mr.  Raine,  the  master  of  the  Grammar-school 
at  Durham,  and  with  Mr.  Tate,  (now  Canon  of  St.  Paul's,)  then  the  inde- 
fatigable Archididasculus  of  Richmond  -,  the  first  interview  with  the  latter 
we  must  give  in  the  original  words.  Mr.  Tate  thus  described  at  their 
next  subsequent  meeting  to  his  friend  Raine  his  first  interview  with 
Surtees.  '*  One  evening  I  was  sitting  alone  (it  was  about  nine  o'clock 
in  the  middle  of  summer)  ;  there  came  a  gentle  tap  at  my  door.  I  opened 
the  door  myself,  and  a  gentleman  said,  with  great  modesty, '  Mr.  Tate,  I  am 
Mr.  Surtees  of  Mainsforth.  James  Raine  begged  I  would  call  on  you.* 
*  The  master  of  Richmond  School  is  delighted  to  see  you,'  said  I ;  pray 
walk  in.  'No  thank  you,  Sir,  I  have  ordered  a  bit  of  supper ;  perhaps  you 
will  walk  up  with  me  ?  *  '  To  be  sure  I  will,*— and  away  we  went.  As  we 
went  along,  I  quoted  a  line  from  the  Odyssey.  What  was  my  astonishment 
to  hear  from  Mr.  Surtees,  not  the  next,  but  line  after  line  of  the  passage 
which  I  had  touched  upon.  '  Said  I  to  myself,  good  master  Tate,  take 
heed,  it  is  not  often  you  catch  such  a  fellow  as  this  at  Richmond.'  I 
never  spent  such  an  evening  in  my  life."  Such  was  the  sketch  of  Mr. 
Surtees.     He  in  return  drew  the  portrait  of  his  learned  friend, 

*♦  Doctus  Tatius  hie  residet, 
Ad  Coronam*  prandet,  ridet, 
Spargit  sales  cum  cachinno, 
Lepido  ore,  et  concinno  ; 
Ubique  carus  inter  bonos, 
Kubei  Montis  prsesens  honos." 

In  I81G  appeared  the  first  volume  of  the  History  of  the  County  Pala- 
tine of  Durham  ;  the  second  and  third  were  published  respectively  in  1820 
and  1823  j  the  fourth  volume,  though  much  advanced,  was  not  completed 
at  the  time  of  the  author's  death.  **  Happily,  (says  the  biographer,)  there 
yet  is  left  in  the  county  an  individual  to  whom,  and  to  whom  alone,  we  can 
look  for  the  satisfactory  performance  of  such  a  task  :  the  reader  will  already 
have  anticipated  the  name  of  the  Rev.  James  Raine,  who  for  many  years 
was  the  intimate  friend  and  coadjutor  of  Surtees,  and  to  whose  erudite 
labours  the  public  is  indebted  for  the  History  of  North  Durham,  so  interest- 
ing, and  so  necessary  for  the  completion  of  the  whole  design."f 


♦  The  Crown  Tavern. 

f  The  mention  of  one  county  history  leads,  by  a  natural  association,  to  that  of 
another.  We  therefore  take  this  opportunity  of  mentioning  that  most  copious  mate- 
rials have  been  accumulated,  and  in  a  great  part  arranged,  for  the  Uijttory  of  Suffolk,  by 
D.  E.  Davy,  Esq.  of  Uflford,  in  that  county  ;  and,  vouching  as  we  can  for  the  extensive 
information,  the  unimpeachable  veracity,  the  accuracy,  the  diligence,  the  zeal  with 


V 


1840.] 


Memoir  of  Robert  Surlees^  Esq.  F.S.A, 


15 


**  My  dear  Sir,— I  have  seldom  been  more 
instnicted  and  delighted  than  by  your  un- 
commonly accurate  and  valuable  History  of 
Durham,  of  which  you  had  the  goodness 
to  tranamit  me  two  copies,  which  I  would 
long  since  have  acknowledged,  had  I  not 
wished  to  read  the  work  before  expressing 
ny  gratitude  for  the  distinction  you  have 
conferred  on  me.  One  of  the  copies  I 
have  given  to  my  friend  Thomas  Thomp- 
son, the  Deputy  Register  of  Scotland, 
whose  deep  historical  knowledge  and  ex- 
tensive antiquarian  researches  render  him 
one  of  the  few  persons  who  are  qualified 
to  set  a  due  value  upon  your  labours.  He 
is  equally  charmed  with  the  style  of  exe- 
cution and  the  patient  extent  of  research 
which  the  work  exhibits  ;  and  agrees  with 
me  in  hopes  that  Durham  will  not  finally 
bound  your  labours,  although  we  will  look 
with  anxiety  for  their  continuation. 
Northumberland  forms  a  capital  subject, 
lying,  as  it  were,  under  your  hand,  and 
I  trust  it  will  not  escape  you. 

*'  It  was  part  of  my  plan  in  returning 
from  London  last  year  to  have  surprised 
you  with  a  visit  at  Mainsforth ;  but  I 
was  induced,  from  various  motives, 
to  rettrm  by  sea,  which  disappointed  this 
and  other  parts  of  my  scheme.  I  regret 
the  more  not  having  had  this  opportu- 
nity to  wait  upon  you,  that  I  would 
have  wished  to  have  made,  in  person,  the 
amende  honorable  for  my  sins  as  a  corres- 
pondent, which  sit  heavy  on  me  on  all 
occasions,  but  can  scarce  be  so  ungracious 
in  any  as  where  you  are  concerned.  My 
apology  must  be  alternate  hard  labour 
and  intervals  of  very  great  and  predomi- 
nating indolence,  where  I  have  lain  on  my 
oars  like  an  Indian  in  his  hammock,  after 
a  week's  hunting,  detesting  even  the  most 
necessary  exertion,  and  envying  the  wise 
hermit  of  Prague,  not  for  his  witty  inter- 
course with  the  niece  of  King  Gorboduo, 
but  because  he  never  saw  pen  or  ink.  But 
never  in  these  intervals  could  I  forget 
your  goodness  and  continued  assistance 
upon  BO  many  occasions  ;  and  I  am  truly 
vexed  and  angry  with  myself  when  I  think 
I  have  suffered  you  to  heap  coals  of  fire 
on  my  head,  while  I  was  persevering  in 
ungrateful  silence.  It  was  indeed  half 
persuaded  that  1  should  see  you,  either  by 
your  visiting  Abbotsford,  or  my  getting  to 
Maiosforth. 
*'  But  trusting  to  your  kindness  to  crutch 


up  my  lame  apologies,  or  rather  to  admit 
my  candid  confession,  I  must  tell  you 
that  I  have  had  a  visit  from  your  draughts- 
man, Mr.  Blore,  a  modest  and  well-bred 
young  man,  as  well  as  an  excellent  artist, 
and  whom  I  liked  particularly  on  account 
of  the  warm  feelings  which  he  entertains 
towards  you  as  his  friend  and  patron.  I 
have  had  the  advantage  of  his  counsel  and 
assistance  in  planning  a  small  addition  to 
my  least  of  all  possible  houses  at  Abbots - 
ford,  to  which  I  intend  to  inveigle  some 
of  the  carved  stones  and  a  niche  or  two 
with  rich  canopies  from  the  Tolbooth  of 
Edinburgh — a  sort  of  Bastile  in  the  centre 
of  the  principal  street,  long  used  as  the 
place  of  meeting  of  the  Scottish  Parlia- 
ment, and  more  lately  as  the  town  jail. 
They  are  now  pulling  it  down,  and  I  think 
you  will  agree  with  me,  it  were  a  pity  the 
ancient  ornaments  should  be  destroyed  or 
thrown  away.  Building  has  procured 
many  a  man  a  niche  in  the  jail ;  but  I 
shall  be  the  first  who  reverses  that  order 
of  things  and  brings  a  niche  from  the 
jail. 

*<  I  have  commenced  Laird  since  I 
heard  from  you ;  and  have,  like  Squire 
Shallow,  land  and  beeves.  God  knows, 
they  are  like  to  be  warr  articles  in  the 
market  than  they  were  some  years  since. 
However,  I  have  a  wild  ox-moor  to  stub, 
a  bog  to  drain,  and  sixty  or  seventy  acres 
to  plant  in  addition  to  the  same  quantity 
already  planted  and  thriving.  Besides  I 
have  the  Tweed  for  one  picturesque  boun- 
dary of  my  little  property,  and  a  mountain 
lake,  or  tarn,  at  the  other ;  both  which  are 
tempting  subjects  of  improvement.  Pereat 
inter  h<BC  lux.  I  cannot  add  miser o ;  for, 
excepting  that  in  draining  my  land  I 
drain  my  purse,  and  that  my  forests  flou- 
rish more  vigorously  in  the  prophetic  eye 
of  my  own  imagination  than  in  the  com- 
mon-place observations  of  my  neighbours, 
I  hardly  know  anything  in  which  I  have 
found  more  real  amusement  than  in  my 
rural  occupations.  You  exercise  on  such 
occasions  a  command  over  nature  ;  chang- 
ing her  face  at  your  pleasure,  and  coiS- 
pelling  her  to  be  what  you  wish.  You,  I 
understand,  have  an  additional  interest  in 
her  productions,  by  being  a  great  botanist 
— a  science  to  which  I  have  never  been 
able  to  make  pretensions,  though  my  uncle 
holds  the  botanical  chair  in  the  University 
here,wbich  might  have  afforded  me  excel- 


which  he  has  entered  into  the  subject,  and  the  unwearied  patience  and  labour  with 
which  he  has  prosecuted  it,  we  shall  consider  it  to  be  a  reflection  on  the  landed  gentry 
and  principal  families  of  that  county  if  they  do  not  come  forward  to  enable  a  work  to 
be  published,  which  cannot  be  undertaken  without  inflicting  a  most  severe  loss  on  the 
Umited  metos  of  an  individual. 


1^ 


16  Memoir  qf  Robert  SuHeed,  Esq.  F.S.A0  [Jan. 

lent  opportunities  of  study.    If  through     Remember  me  to  Mrs.  Surteei ;   and  be- 
him,  however,  I  could  gratify  any  of  your     lieve  me,  unalterably, 
wishes  connected  with  the  Flora  of  Soot-  "  Dear  Sir, 

land,  I   am   certain  he  has  equally    the  **  Your  truly  obliged 

power  and  the  will  to  oblige  you.    Adieu.  **  Walter  Scott. 

"  Edinburgh,  Uth  November,  18l6.'» 

In  the  summer  of  1819  Mr.  Surtees  left  bis  favourite  residence  at 
Mainsforth  for  a  tour  to  Scotland,  and  of  course  a  visit  to  Abbotsford. 
Mr.  Raine  says,  "  Hogg  and  Surtees  met  now  for  the  first  time  :  I  could 
easily  see  that  Surtees*  opinion  of  the  poet  was  not  improved  by  a  per- 
sonal acquaintance.  Surtees,  however,  was  extremely  kind  to  him,  not- 
withstanding his  roughness,  and  he  spent  more  than  one  evening  with  us 
at  Walker's  hotel,  amusing  us  with  the  history  of  himself,  and  the  legendary 
lore,  of  which  he  possessed  a  wonderful  fund,  in  which  Surtees  so  particu- 
larly delighted."  Hogg  says  in  a  letter,  "  I  never  in  my  life  spent  so  happy 
a  night  with  strangers  as  one  that  I  spent  with  you  and  Mr.  Raine  j  but  I 
have  often  noted  that  a  similarity  of  pursuits  and  feelings  created  at  once 
the  same  kind  of  cordiality  that  we  three  seemed  all  to  feel  for  each  other. 
Walter  Scott  sets  oflf  for  London  next  week  j  should  you  see  him  on  his 
retui'n,  how  will  you  get  his  new  title  every  word,  do  you  think  ?  '  I  like 
not  such  grinning  honour  as  that  of  Sir  Walter.*  Shakespeare — ^hem  !'*  &c. 
Of  his  visit  to  Scott  we  must  give  Mr.  Raine's  account. 

'*  We  found  Walter  Scott  ready  to  greet  Surtees  attempted  to  put  a  niece  of  money 
us  with  a  hearty  welcome.  I  had  never  into  his  hand.  The  man  however  drew 
seen  Scott  before,  and  was  struck  with  back,  with  much  affected  dignity ;  and  it 
the  extreme  cordiality  with  which  he  re-  was  only  upon  being  assured  by  Scott 
ceived  Surtees.  They  met  like  two  bro-  that  Surtees  was  '  a  friend  of  the  house  ' 
thers  whom  time  had  separated,  and  (these  were  the  words),  that  he  accepted 
immediately  fell  to  work  with  Border  the  boon.  After  dinner  the  subject  of 
history,  and  Border  ballad  and  minstrelsy,  ballads  was  again  revived,  and  an  oppor- 
The  authorship  of  the  Novels  was  then  a  tunity  was  presented  to  me  of  domg  a 
secret — but,  after  that  day,  it  was  none  thing  peculiarly  pleasing  to  my  own  feel- 
to  me.  '  Scott,'  said  Surtees,  '  Raine  and  ings,  and  not  less  so  to  those  of  Surtees. 
I,  on  our  road  to  Edinburgh,  saw  your  At  Bamborough,  when  on  my  road  to 
Wolfs  Crag.'  (Fast  Castle,  the  Wolf's  Scotland,  there  had  been  presented  to  me, 
Crag  of  the  Bride  of  Lammermoor,  which  by  the  Rev.  C.  Robinson,  a  thick  duode- 
had  been  lately  published.)  Scott  smiled,  cimo  volume,  in  black  letter,  containing 
and  cast  upon  Surtees  a  look  which  no  numerous  ballads,  many  of  them  well 
one  could  misunderstand.  known,  but  some  of  them  new  to  modern 

'*  A  splendid  print  of  the  Battle  of  times  ;  and  of  the  latter,  one,  to  the  best 

Otterbume,  which  hung  over  the  dining-  of  my  recollection,  of  an  historical  nature, 

room  fire-place,  afforded  to  them  a  subject  became  the  subject  of  conversation,  and  a 

for  the  most  interesting  conversation  on  great  regret  was  expressed  by  Scott  that 

Douglas  and  Percy,  and  the  chivalry  of  only  one  stanza  of  it  was  known.     The 

old ;  and  bright  were  the  flashes  of  genius  book,  which  had  been  mine  for  so  short  a 

when  two  sudi  men  were  conversing  on  time,  instantly  became  bis ;  and,  in  ac- 

80  stirring  a  subject.     Scott  listened  to  cepting  it,  he  was  pleased  to  express  very 

Surtees'   remarks  with  profound  atten-  warmly  his  obligation.     It  is  probably 

tion ;   and  never  did   I   see  Surtees  so  still  at  Abbot^ord. 
great  as  he  was  that  day.     Dinner  came,        *'  The  poems  of  Carey  formed  another 

and  Surtees  took  his  seat  at  the  bottom  subject  of  conversation.     They  have  been 

of  the  table,  at  our  host's  left  hand.   The  alluded  to,  as  will  have  been  seen,  in  a 

party  consisted  of  Scott's  own  family,  a  letter  from  Scott  to  Surtees,  7th  January, 

tutor  with  a  wooden  leg  (to  whom  Surtees  1811,   and  a  few   copies  had  just  been 

was  peculiarly    attentive),    one   or    two  printed.     Surtees*  attention  became  again 

neighbouring  ladies,  and  ourselves.     The  drawn  to  the  history  of  the  author,  and 

piper  amused  us,  or  rather  deafened  us,  he  soon  afterwards,  with  the  assistance  of 

with  his  airs  iVom  a  sort  of  gallery  beneath  a  friend,   discovered  him  to  be  Patrick 

the  window ;  and  when  after  dinner  he  Carey,  a  younger  son  of  Henry  Viscount 

entered  the  dining-room  to  take  his  glass,  Falklaind,  Lord  Deputy  of  Ireland,  and 

2 


TH-- 


J840.] 


Memoir  of  Robert  Surteca,  Esq.  F,S.A. 


17 


tke  husband  of  Siuan,  daughter  of  Francis 
Uvedale,  of  Bishop's  Waltham,  Esq.  and 
niece  of  Sir  William  Uvedale  of  Wickham. 
The  cross  moline  on  the  title  is  the  bearing 
of  UTedale.  A  pedigree  of  the  family 
was  soon  afterwards  printed  by  Surtees, 
of  a  sixe  to  bind  with  the  book  as  edited 
by  Scott,  and  the  mystery  has  disap- 
pear^. 

"  In  the  course  of  the  evening,  Surtees 
drew  Scott*s  attention  to  the  first  two 
sheets  of  the  Appendix  to  my  History  of 
North  Durham  (the  only  part  of  the  work 
then  in  type),  containing  charters  of  early 
Kings  of  Scotland,  of  whom  no  other  re- 
cord remain ;  and  this  led  again  to  the 


Borders,  their  early  family  history,  and 
their  monastic  endowments. 

**  During  our  visit,  Scott  complimented 
Surtees  on  his  library,  and  said  he  knew 
of  no  such  collection  of  books  in  any 
house  of  equal  fortune  in  Scotland. 

**  He  spoke  in  no  measured  terms  of 
the  taste  of  his  countrymen.  *  England,- 
said  he,  *  made  me  what  I  am.  The 
Scotch  thought  little  of  the  *  Lay ' — but 
England  spoke  out,  and  the  Scotch  were 
ashamed  of  themselves.* 

**  The  evening  came  on,  and  Surtees, 
although  we  were  expected  to  spend  a  day 
or  two  at  Abbotsford,  would  not  stay  all 
night.  We  came  home  by  Melrose,  Dry- 
burgh,  Kelso,  Brickburn,  &c. 


Relative  to  his  first  visit  to  the  Continent,  in  1820,  he  has  left  the  follow- 
ing short  graphic  sketch. 

that  glittering  metropolis  of  sin,  by  its 
most  splendid  barrier  of  Neuilly,  through 
groves,  and  palaces,  and  gardens,  with  gilt 
domes,  &c.  that  made  ray  eyes  ache.  All 
is  glitter,  military  parade,  and  a  most  un- 
ceasing intensity  of  life  and  motion,  which 
fatigues  an  Englishman.  The  city  is  di- 
vided from  this  court  end,  and  is  nothing 
— black  and  stupid — no  trade — no  front 
of  commercial  independence :  unlike  the 
lusty  London  lads.  From  Paris  dull  uni- 
form road  to  Brussels,  through  the  fortified 
towns ;  Flanders  more  English — as  neat 
as  a  garden.  Brussels  a  deserted  metro« 
polis  ;  large  and  peaceful,  with  a  touch  of 
old  York  about  it.  Oh,  Antwerp,  queen 
of  gable-ends  !  what  profusion  of  streets  ; 
broader  than  even  London  ;  all  run  up  in 
fantastic  gavels,  with  trees  and  vines  in 
and  about  the  dwellings  ;  and  the  Scheld 
like  three  Thames's,  washing  the  old  walls 
like  a  sober  and  majestic  old  Dutch  river, 
covered  with  ships  of  all  nations.  I  never 
saw  such  a  place  in  my  life — every  house 
is  a  study  of  itself ; — and  I  am  learning 
Dutch,  that  I  may  go  there  again.  From 
Antwerp  back  to  Calais,  nothing  parti- 
cular except  Gand,  an  inferior  Antwerp, 
and  a  fine  farewell  view  from  Cassell  over 
Flanders,  inclosed  and  wooded  for  leagues 
round  the  base  of  a  green  Castle  Hill.'* 


**  Imprim. — He  who  hath  seen  York, 
need  not  regret  leaving  other  cathedrals 
onseen.  It  is  worth  twenty  of  them  to- 
gether. 

Proximos  Petro  tamen  occupavit 
Antwerp  lionores. 

Rouen  also  is  fine — high  Norman  style — 
but  the  fronts  of  all  their  churches  are 
thickly  bedizened  with  ornaments  and 
images,  sayntes  and  dyvels ;  and  as  to 
internals,  there  is  nothing  like  York. 
Dirty  altars  dizened  with  flowers  and  black 
with  lamp-smoke,  and  most  idolatrous 
pictures,  make  one  regret  the  chastened 
splendour  of  an  English  cathedral,  or 
even  the  barren  interior  of  a  Scotch  kirk. 
Many  of  the  folks,  however,  seem  ex- 
tremely devout ;  and  no  doubt  there  are, 
•s  Sancho  says,  good  sort  of  people  in  all 
places.  We  left  the  great  road  at  Abbe- 
▼ille,  thence  to  Neufchatel  and ^  Rouen, 
through  fair  Normandy,  the  best  and 
brightest  province  of  France.  There  is  a 
strong  resemblance  to  England  ;  inclosed 
farmholds,  orchards,  and  mighty  woods  of 
beech,  elm,  and  chesnut  hanging  on  the 
hills  for  miles,  in  long  undulating  outlines. 
Rouen  is  superb  in  old  wood  houses — one 
of  them  dated  1400  to  lAOO  ;  whole  streets 
of  most  picturesque  effect.  We  traced  the 
Seine  all  the  way  to  Paris,  and  entered 


We  now  proceed  with  some  further  letters  of  interest  from  Sir  \Valter 
Scott. 

.    _      „„  you  and  Mrs.  Surtees.     I  have  to  remind 

"  SIB  W.   SCOTT,    BART.  TO  R.  SURTEES,  j^^^    ^^   ^   ^^^^^j^^^    ^^.^^    ^^^   ^^^^   ^^ 

'*^*  long  since,  to  wit,  a  copy  of  the    very 

"  My  dear  Surtees,— I  cannot  let  our  gig^^r  ballad  you  repeated  to  me  of  the 

ingenious  friend,  Mr.  Blore,  leave   Ab-  death  of  the  Amorous  Priest  and  the  pe- 

botsfordforMainsforth,withoutexpre88ing  ^^j^^^  ^f  ^^g  False  Knight,  who  slew  him 

the  kind  greeting  of  our  inmates   here  to  ^^jj  ^  >Velch  bill :  of  course  I  will  [not] 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII.  D 


18 


Memoir  of  Robert  Surtees,  Esq.  F.S.A. 


[Jan. 


part  with  the  copy  to  any  one  without 
your  authority  and  consent. 

*'  I  have  built  a  droll  sort  of  house  here 
since  you  saw  it ;  moved  partly  by  a  small 
legacy  bequeathed  by  a  friend,  for  the 
comfortable  accommodation  of  my  books  ; 
and  partly  by  the  independent  situation 
of  my  children.  It  has  risen  higher  than 
I  expected ;  and  though  it  has  not  *  in  the 
stars  its  glittering  turrets  thrust,*  yet  they 
have  risen  higher  than  ever  I  proposed. 
Pray  come  and  see  it  soon ;  and  I  hope  to 
have  your  valued  suffrage,  that  if  I  have 
not  built  very  wisely,  or  in  the  least  de- 
gree economically,  I  have  at  least  made  a 
pretty,  though  somewhat  fantastical  re- 
sidence. 

*'  Blore  tells  me  that  your  third  volume 
is  just  about  to  appear— ^/Jf/to^yiiiw/Mm^'ttc 
sit.  You  have  setagreatexaoiple,  which 
I  am  afraid  few  of  the  country  gentlemen 
of  England  are  either  qualified  or  disposed 
to  follow.  The  time  is  not  yet  passed  by, 
though  perhaps  nearly  so,  when  good  pro- 
vincial histories  may  be — [here  the  MS. 
is  illegible] — but  in  destroying  buildings 
and  abridging  records.  I  will  not  take  up 
your  time  longer  than  to  send  the  united 
good  wishes  of  my  houshold,  and  subscribe 
myself 

"  Most  truly, 

''Walter  Scott. 
**  Abbota/ord,  U(  October,  1822." 

SIR    W.    SCOTT,    BART.    TO    R.    SURTEES, 

ESQ. 

*'  My  dear  Surtees, — I  have  to  acknow- 
ledge, with  kindest  thanks,  your  third 
volume  of  Durham,  which  sustains  with 
unimpaired  spirit,  and  unabated  labour, 
the  character  of  its  predecessors.  I  have 
been  rarely  better  pleased  than  with  your 


delicate  and  just  notice  of  poor  Joe  Rit- 
son.*  His  foibles  were  those  of  a  diseased 
temperament ;  his  patient  and  useful 
labours  will  always  entitle  him  to  the 
thanks  of  the  English,  I  should  say 
British  antiquary.  I  made  the  same  use 
of  the  minor  copy,  as  in  former  cases,  and 
bestowed  it  on  the  man  of  Scotland  the 
most  worthy  of  it — my  friend  Mr.  Regis- 
ter Thomson  ;  whose  industry  and  accu- 
racy are  united  to  fine  taste  and  high 
talent.  I  think  the  terms  of  his  answer 
will  gratify  you,  though  not  designed  for 
your  inspection  ;  particularly  as  I  know 
he  never  says  the  thing  which  he  does 
not  think.  In  the  present  case,  he  has 
the  advantage  of  thinking  in  the  same 
tone  with  all  the  world,  that  is,  as  many 
as  know  any  thing  about  the  matter. 

"  Do  you  remember  the  story  of  the 
man,  who,  wishing  to  know  whether  it 
were  possible  to  satisfy  the  rapacity 
of  a  hackney-coachman,  gave  the  fellow 
a  guinea  for  a  twelvepenny  drive  ;  on 
which  the  object  of  his  prodigal  bounty 
immediately  requested  a  shilling,  to  keep 
the  guinea  whole  ?  It  is  even  so  with  me, 
when,  after  receiving  such  a  valued  and 
valuable  token  of  your  recollection,  I  take 
the  liberty  of  reminding  you,  that  you, 
long  since,  promised  me  the  penitence  of 
the '  cujusdam  generosiy''  in  the  Galilee  of 
Durham.  Pray  remember  your  promise, 
and  let  me,  as  Justice  Greedy  says,  '  give 
thanks  for  this  also.' 

**  I  hope  the  kind  Sir  Cuthbert  con- 
tinues his  antiquarian  labours.  Lady 
Scott  sends  kind  compliments  to  Mrs. 
Surtees,  and  I  always  am 

**  Most  truly  yours, 

Walter  Scott. 
<*  Edinburgh^  16M  Jan,  1823." 


We  next  meet  with  an  interesting  letter  to  Mr.  Surtees  from  his  old 
friend  Reginald  Heber,  dated  from  the  Grenville,  on  his  passage  to  India ; 
for  this,  however,  we  regret  that  we  have  no  space,  for  we  must  now  ex- 
tract the  closing  correspondence  of  the  Lord  of  Abbotsford. 

to  balls  and  racketings),  and  I  think 
visiting  will  suit  us  better  on  our  return, 
as  the  weather  will  be  more  favourable. 
A  bill  is  coming  on  in  Parliament,  of 
which  I  have  agreed  to  take  some  little 
charge,  is  the  cause  of  my  present  hurry. 
1  have  got  Diccon  the  Reaver  up,  in  what 
I  hope  you  will  think  good  style.  Always, 
my  dear  Surtees, 

*  *  Most  truly  yours, 
**  Walter  Scott. 


SIR    W.    SCOTT,   BART.    TO    R.    SURTEES, 

ESQ. 

**  My  dear  Surtees, — I  regret  eitremely 
that  you  have  had  illness  in  your  family. 
I  have  been  lingering  here  (not  by  choice), 
till  I  must  needs  be  in  town  in  four  days  ; 
so  I  delay  waiting  on  the  good  Knight  Sir 
Cuthbert  and  your  *Squirehood  until  I  come 
back  in  the  second  week  of  May,  when  I 
hope  to  spend  a  day  at  Mainsforth,  and 
another  at  Sunderland,  health  admitting. 
My  daughter  is  not  quite  so  well  (thanks 


"  Abbottford,  Xst  ^pril,  1828." 


*  Ritson's  Life  and  Letters  have  since  been  published  by  Sir  N.  Harris  Nicolas  ;  a 
gentleman  who  singularly  unites  the  learning  of  the  antiquary,  the  intelligence  of  the 
philosopher,  and  the  feding  and  taste  of  the  poet ;  and  who  has  published  works  of 
distinction  in  each  of  these  respective  departments  of  literature. 


1840.3 


Metttoir  of  Robert  Surtees,  Esq.  F.S.A. 


19 


m  ir.  SCOTTy  BART.  TO  R.  SURTEES | 

ESQ. 


«i 


My  dear  Surtees , — Nothing  could 
knre  [made]  me  more  happy  than  to  have 
vaited  upon  you  at  Mainsforth,  without 
tiw  circnmstanoe  of  sale  of  cattle  in 
your  Ticiiiity;  which  would  not  hare 
added  any  thing  to  the  inducement ; 
far,  aidiough  a  fiurmer  on  a  small  scale, 
it  is  only  muigri  moi,  nor  has  thirty  years' 
operienoe  taught  me 


►*  the  pride 


Men  put  in  cattle/ 

But  my  lon-in-law's  family,  with  himself 
and  Sophia,  are  now  here ;  and  I  have 
letters  from  my  two  sons  proposing  to  be 
here  Tery  soon;  so  that,  for  the  first 
time  these  several  years,  I  have  the  pro- 
ipect  of  seeing  my  children  all  under  my 
roof  together  ;  which  is  one  of  the  greatest 
hienings  to  which  I  can  look  forward.  I 
know  your  own  feelings  on  family  sub- 
jects wUl  make  you  receive  this  as  a  good 


apology  for  the  old  lion  staying  at  home 
to  receive  his  cubs ;  although  every  year 
makes  me  more  and  more  a  fixture,  I  seri- 
ously hope  to  see  Mainsforth  once  more  be- 
fore I  die.  I  have  made  several  promises  on 
this  head,  which  circumstances  have  not 
permitted  me  to  fulfil;  so  I  will  not  say  more 
at  present,  as,  being  fixed  for  the  autumn 
and  winter,  I  can  only  look  to  some  dis- 
tant period,  subject  to  many  contingen- 
cies. Meantime,  should  chance  bring  you 
this  way  before  the  1 2th  November,  or  to 
Edinburgh  after  that  date,  nothing  would 
be  more  agreeable  to  me,  especially  should 
you  come  to  this  place,  where  I  have  room 
enough  for  you,  and  all  that  belong  to 
you.  Upon  my  word,  you  should  come  to 
see  the  cattle-rail,  were  there  nothing  else 
to  look  at. 

''Adieu,  my  dear  Surtees,  et  8is  mernor 


met: 


f 


*•  Yours  affectionately, 

Walter  Scott. 
''Abbotsjord,  ^Gth  August  [1829]/* 


We  now  approach  the  closing  scene  of  Mr.  Surtees*  valuable  life,  and 
we  should  do  wrong  to  the  biographer  did  we  express  it  in  any  words  but 
hii  own. 


"  Mr.  Surtees,  it  is  obvious,  had  never 
been  a  man  of  robust  health  ;  and  there 
was  now  probably  some  important  consti- 
tutional failure,  that  made  itself  felt, 
though  assuming  no  definite  character : 
for,  on  returning  from  a  visit  to  Mrs. 
Bobinson,  at  Hendon,  near  Sunderland, 
he  spoke  to  Mrs.  Surtees,  who  met  him  on 
the  terrace,  despondingly  of  himself, 
though  then  affected  apparently  only  with 
a  common  cold.  This  was  on  Monday 
the  ^th  of  January,  1834.  He  was  always 
averse  from  confinement  to  the  house,  and 
it  was  a  rare  day  indeed,  when,  as  he  said, 
he  did  not,  like  the  snail,  creep  out  under 
hu  sunny  southern  wall.  And  this  habit 
he  continued  for  some  days  after  his  return 
home,  without  apparent  increase  of  his 
cold:  but  in  the  latter  end  of  the  week  he 
complained  of  pain  in  his  side.  No  time 
was  lost :  the  family  surgeon  was  sent  for  ; 
medicine  was  administered,  and  leeches 
topicallv  applied.  But  inflammation  ra- 
pidly advancing,  Doctor  Brown  of  Sun- 
derland was  called  ;  who,  though  deeming 
the  patient  in  danger,  was  not  without 
hope.  But  Mr.  Surtees  from  the  first  had 
none. 

"  Yet  even  then  his  literary  zeal  con- 
tinued. Before  he  finally  quitted  his 
library,  although  in  great  pain,  his  lost 
act  in  connexion  with  his  History  was  to 
gather  together  on  the  back  of  a  letter 
such  notes  and  references  as  might,  for  his 


account  of  Raby,  be  of  use  to  him  in  draw- 
ing the  character  of  Sir  Henry  Vane  the 
elder  ;  and  when  he  had  finished  his  task, 
he  said  to  Mrs.  Surtees,  *  Annie,  I  have 
got  him  here.*  Mrs.  S.  remarked  that 
she  saw  nothing  but  hieroglyphics,  and 
she  was  apparently  right.  This  letter 
back  is  preserved ;  and  to  any  one  but 
Mr.  Surtees  himself  it  would  have  been 
perfectly  unintelligible.  It  consists  of 
scraps  and  scrawls,  of  long  lines  and  short 
lines  in  the  most  disorderly  direction, 
ziz-zagging  and  crossing  each  other  in 
every  possible  way ;  but  to  Mr.  Surtees 
every  scratch  of  the  pen  had  its  meaning ; 
and  it  is  perhaps  well  for  the  memory  of 
Sir  H.  Vane,  that  Mr.  Surtees  did  not 
live  to  paint  his  character  at  full  length. 

"  The  last  time  but  one  Mr.  Surtees  left 
his  library,  he  looked  wistfully  round,  and 
said,  '  Annie,  I.  shall  never  be  here  again : 
these  books  will  be  yours.*  *  So  they  may, 
Surtees,*  was  the  reply, — *  and  I  should 
never  like  to  part  with  them :  but  don't 
you  think  it  would  be  well  to  send  your 
manuscripts  to  some  public  library,  where 
they  would  be  of  use."  The  answer  was, 
'  You  are  right ;  and  if  it  please  God  I 
should  live  a  day  or  two,  I  will  make  a 
selection  of  them  myself.* 

"  A  short  time  after  this,  he  was  laid 
up  on  his  sick-bed,  when  a  bright  sun  re- 
minded him  of  his  favourite  time  of  year, 
and  he  said,  *  1  shall  never  more  sec  the 


20 


Memoir  of  Robert  Surtees,  Esq,  F.S.A, 


[Jan. 


peachoblossomSy  or  the  flowers  of  soring. 
It  is  hard  to  die  in  spring.'  Perhaps  he 
thought  of  his  favourite  Leyden's  lines. — 

'  But  sad  is  he  that  dies  in  spring, 
When  flowers  begin  to  blow  and  larks  to 

sing, 
And  makes  it  doubly  hard  with  life  to  part.' 

For  it  had  been  his  constant  morning 
custom  to  watch  the  blossoms  as  they 
came  out,  and  the  first  of  the  year  was 
generally  laid  on  the  table,  where  his 
friends  met  at  breakfast. 

**  *  God,'  as  he  said,  *  had  placed  him 
in  a  Paradise  ;  and  he  had  every  thing  that 
could  make  a  man  happy.'  Yet,  emi- 
nently calculated  as  he  was  to  enjoy  such 
blessings,  and  nervous  as  his  constitution 
was,  he  met  the  nearer  approach  of  death 
with  composure,  with  gratitude,  and  resig- 
nation to  the  will  of  Him  whose  benefi- 
cence had  given,  and  whose  pleasure  it 
was  now  to  take  away. 

"  His  mind  had  always  been  happy,  in 
never  feeling  a  shadow  of  doubt  on  the 
truth  of  Revelation  ;  and  he  felt,  in  the 
hour  of  trial,  the  blessedness  of  that  faith 
which  through  life  he  had  professed.  Nor 
had  his  faith  been  a  mere  general  acqui- 
escence. He  was  a  constant  attendant  on 
public  worship,  in  family  prayer  ;  seldom 
a  day  passed  without  his  little  Greek 
Testament  being  in  use  :  and  he  told  the 
Rev.  C.  G.  Wheler  of  Durham  (the  ex- 
emplary Chaplain  of  the  Prison  there,) 
that  he  almost  daily  read  in  Sir  George 
Wheler's  *  Protestant  Monastery.* 

*'  About  two  o'clock  on  the  Friday 
morning  (Feb.  7,)  he  said  to  Mrs.  Surtees, 
'  Annie,  I  am  very  ill.  I  should  have 
liked  to  have  received  the  Sacrament : 
but  I  am  too  ill  now  to  send  for  any  one  : 
but  I  give  it  to  myself.  Don't  make 
yourself  uneasy  as  to  my  state.  I  flunk 
as  deeply  as  man  can  think.  You  know  I 
have  been  blessed  in  the  power  of  memory, 
and  use  it  in  repeating  things  to  myself. 
I  can't  hear  you  rend  :  my  head  won't 
bear  it.'  In  the  morning,  he  said,  *  Poor 
Bradley  I  he  won't  like  to  dig  my  grave  : 
he  knows  where  I  wish  to  be  buried.  I 
pity  your  mother  most :  she  is  an  old 
woman, — and  has  had  many  sorrows  ;  and 
she  has  loved  me  as  I  loved  her.  As  to 
Mary,  she'll  soon  come  to  live  at  Mains- 
forth.  I  have  left  you  for  your  life  every 
sixpence  I  possess,  and  I  hope  the  sun 
vnll  go  down  brightly  shinning  on  your 
latter  days.  But  now  let  us  talk  no  more 
of  the  aflfairs  of  this  world.' 

**  A  gleam  of  his  characteristic  humour, 
in  affectionate  appreciation  of  his  wife's 
character,  appeared  even  a  night  or  two 
before  his  death.  He  was  lying  in  an 
iuaer  chamber,  and,  at  his  own  request, 


alone  and  in  darkness,  when  a  time-piece, 
which  marked  the  half-hours  by  a  single 
stroke  on  the  bell,  struck,  as  he  thought, 
one  o'clock,  and  he  rapped  on  the  parti- 
tion for  the  medicine  which  was  to  be 
taken  at  that  hour.  Mrs.  Surtees,  who 
was  watching  in  the  outer  apartment,  came 
to  him  and  said,  *  Surtees,  it  is  not  one 
yet.' — *  Yes,  it  is,'  he  replied.  *  You  are 
mistaken,'  she  answered,  *  it  cannot  be.' 
— '  Nay,  then,'  said  he, '  Annie,  what  is 
to  become  of  the  world,  if  you  are  begin- 
ning to  lie  ?' 

**  About  two  o'clock  on  the  mournful 
day  he  died  (Feb.  11,)  he  called  Mrs. 
Surtees  to  the  bedside,  and  said,  '  Annie, 
I  am  dead.'  The  answer  he  heard  was  a 
prayer,  that  he  might  sleep  in  Jesus. 
Affection  was  strong  in  death  ;  for  he 
seemed  conscious  of  nothing  but  the  name 
he  had  been  so  long  used  to. 

'♦  On  the  15th  he  was  carried  to  that 
grave  which  '  poor  Bradley '  had  dug  deep 
in  the  rock  that  forms  the  brow  of  the 
hill  on  the  south  side  of  Bishop  Middle- 
ham  church-yard,  though  his  parents  were 
both  interred  in  the  church  itself.  For 
often,  when  pacing  the  ailes  after  service, 
he  had  said  to  his  friend  Mr.  Raine,  '  My 
father  lies  here,  and  my  mother  lies  there; 
but  I  hate  burying  in  a  church.'  The  spot 
had  been  selected  by  himself,  and  was 
close  by  the  side  of  his  brother-in-law, 
Marshal  Robinson,  Esq.  and  Marianne 
Page,  the  niece  of  his  wife,  who  died  at 
school  in  Durham,  for  whom  he  had  a 
most  affectionate  regard,  and  he  had  often 
gone  down  unseen  to  plant  a  flower  on 
these  graves.  He  was  borne  thither  on 
the  shoulders  of  his  sorrowing  tenants : 
and  the  only  ceremonial  attendants  were 
two  mourners, — Thomas  Surtees  Raine, 
Esq.  of  Pilmore  House,  and  Mr.  Ralph 
Robinson,  of  the  Durham  University: 
together  with  sL\  gentlemen, — some  his 
nearest  neighbours,  and  some  his  dearest 
friends,  as  pall-bcarers.  The  Rev.  Chris- 
topher Robinson,  Vicar  of  Kirknewton, 
Northumberland,  preceded  the  corpse, 
and  read  the  funeral  service.  A  numerous 
attendance  followed  of  tenants  and  neigh- 
bours, who  felt  they  had  lost  a  friend  ;  and 
of  yeomanry  and  peasantry,  whose  recol- 
lections of  past  kindness  impelled  them  to 
pay  this  last  tribute  of  respect,  and  grati- 
tude, and  affection  : — for  the  general  be- 
nevolence of  the  deceased  was  not  of  that 
description  which  evaporates  in  feeling ; 
but  had  been  concentred  in  actual  benefi- 
cence, which  himself  and  his  lady  habitu- 
ally exercised  in  unostentatious  charity, 
and  kindly  personal  attentions  to  all  around 
them. 

"  In  the  chancel  of  Bishop  Middleham 
church  has  been  erected  an  elegant  monu« 


V- 


1840.] 


Memoir  of  Robert  Suriees,  Esq.  P.S.A. 


21 


Bent,  caired  in  Roche  Abbey  stone,  the 
design  of  which  was  presented  to  Mrs. 
Snrtees  by  Mr.  Blore,  whose  talents  have 
oontribnted  so  much  to  the  embellishment 
of  the  History  of  Durham.  On  the  mar- 
ble tablet  is  tiie  following  inscription. 
"  Robert  Surtbes, 

of  Aiainsfbrth,  Esq.  M.A.  and  F.S. A. 

the  only  Son  of  Robert  and  Dorothy  Surtees, 

and  theAuthorof  the  History  and  Antiquities  of 

the  County  Palatine  of  Durham, 

was  bom  on  the  first  day  of  April,  1779,  and 

died  on  the  eleventh  day  of  February,  1834. 

He  married  Anne,  third  daughter  of 

Balpfa  Robinson,  of  Herrington,  Esq.  and  by  her 


this  Monument  is  erected  to  liis  Memory. 

His  talents,  acquirements,  and  character 

are  developed  in  his  Book ;  and  in  the  Memoir 

of  his  Life  prefixed  to  it  by  a  friendly  but 

imjMU-tial  hand.    His  Christian  Faith, 

principles,  and  hopes,  are  best  described  in 

his  own  memorable  words  :— 

**  I  am  very  sensible  of  the  hardness  of  my 
heart  and  of  my  totally  corrupt  nature. 

"  My  only  hope  is  in  the  merits  of  Clirist,  but 
I  cannot  hope  for  his  grace  unless  I  strive  to 
obtain  it.  What  is  our  business  ?  To  make 
our  Election  sure— to  take  heed  to  our  Salva- 
tion. 
"  Libera  nos,  Domine  Jesa  I  audi  nos." 


We  have  little  to  add,  but  that,  from  au  unfortunate  and  probably  uniu- 
teaded  wording  of  Mr.  Surtees'  will,  his  valuable  MSS.  coins,  books,  and 
pictures,  which  made  Mainsforth  at  once  a  classical  and  deliglitful  residence, 
were  obliged  to  be  sold  j  and  that  the  plan  of  *'  the  Surtees  Society," 
instituted  to  do  honour  to  his  memory,  and  whose  progress  and  labours  we 
have  already  repeatedly  noticed,  originated  with  his  friend  Mr.  Raine. 


THE  ROYAL  PALACE  OF  GREENWICH. 

(With  a  Plate.) 

Ecce  ut  jam  niteat  locus  petitus, 
Tanqnam  siderese  locus  cathedrae ! 
Quae  fastigia  picta  I  quse  fenestrse  ! 
Quae  turres  vel  ad  astra  se  efferentes ! 
Quse  porro  viridaria,  ac  perennes 
Pontes  I  Flora  sinum  occupat  venusta, 
Fundens  delicias  nitentis  horti. 

Lelandi  Cyynea  Cantio, 


THE  principal  manor  of  Greenwich 
(generally  called  East  Greenwich) 
after  having  belonged  to  the  abbey  of 
St.  Peter  at  Ghent,  and  subsequently 
to  the  monastery  of  Shene,  in  Surrey, 
was  recovered  by  the  Crown  in  1530, 
through  an  exchange  then  made  be- 
tween  the  latter  house  and  King 
Henry  the  Eighth.  But  there  was 
another  manor  which  had  been  held 
by  the  Crown  from  a  much  earlier 
period,  having  escheated,  as  is  sup- 
posed, on  the  forfeiture  of  the  estates 
of  Odo  Bishop  of  Baicux,  the  Con- 
queror's half-brother. 

It  is  supposed  by  Messrs.  Lysons 
that  we  have  traces  of  a  royal  resi- 
dence at  this  place  so  early  as  the 
year  1300,  when  an  entry  occurs  in 
the  King's  household  book  that  Ed- 


ward I.  made  an  offering  of  ^8.  at 
each  of  the  holy  crosses  in  the  Cha- 
pel of  the  Virgin  Mary  at  Greenwich, 
and  the  Prince  made  an  offering  of 
half  that  sum.  King  Henry  IV.  re- 
sided much  at  this  place,  and  dates 
his  will,  in  J  408,  from  his  manor  of 
Greenwich.  Henry  V.  granted  this 
manor  for  life  to  Thomas  Beaufort, 
Duke  of  Exeter,  who  died  at  Green- 
wich in  1417. 

It  was  granted  soon  afterwards  to 
Humphrey  Duke  of  Gloucester,*  the 
King's  unclc^  who,  in  1443,  had  the 
royal  licence  to  fortify  and  embattle 
his  manor-house,  and  to  make  a  park 
of  200  acres.  Soon  after  this  the 
Duke  rebuilt  the  Palace,  calling  it 
Placentin, or i\\Q  Manor  of  Pleasaunce  ;* 
he  inclosed  the  park  also,  and  erected 


•  Whether  there  is  anv  better  authority  for  this  name  than  the  poetical  one  of 
Leland*s  Cygnea  Cantio,  does  not  appear.  It  is  noticed  by  Lambarde,  but  he  fol- 
lowed  Leland,  and  he  adds  that  it  *'  lost  the  new  name  ''in  the  time  of  Edward  the 
Fourth. 


22 


The  Royal  Palace  of  Greenwich* 


[Jan. 


within  it  a  tower  on  the  spot  where 
the  Observatory  now  stands.  On  the 
Duke  of  Gloucester's  death,  in  1447, 
this  manor  reverted  to  the  Crown. 
Edward  IV.  took  great  pleasure  and 
bestowed  much  cost  in  finishing  and 
enlarging  the  Palace.  In  1466,  he 
granted  the  manor,  with  the  Palace 
and  Park,  to  his  Queen  Elizabeth,  for 
life.  In  this  reign  the  marriage  of 
Richard  Duke  of  York  with  Anne 
Mowbray  was  solemnized  at  Green- 
wich with  great  splendour. 

Henry  VII.  resided  much  at  this 
place ;  where  his  second  son  (after- 
wards Henry  VIII.)  and  his  third  son, 
Edmund  Tudor  (created  Duke  of  So- 
merset), were  born.  Lambarde  says 
that  he  beautified  the  Palace  by  the 
addition  of  a  brick  front  towards  the 
water- side :  and  this  must  be  the 
building  which  appears  in  the  view 
before  us.*  Stowe  mentions  his  re- 
pairing the  Palace  in  1501. 

Henry  VIII.  was  born  at  Green- 
wich, June  28,  1491  ;  and  was  bap- 
tized in  the  parish  church  by  the  Bi- 
shop of  Exeter,  Lord  Privy  Seal ;  the 
Earl  of  Oxford  and  the  Bishop  of 
Winchester  ( Courtenay )  being  his 
godfathers.  This  Monarch,  from  par- 
tiality perhaps  to  the  place  of  his  birth, 
neglected  Eltham,  which  had  been  the 
favourite  residence  of  his  ancestors ; 
and  bestowed  great  costs  upon  Green- 
wich, till  he  had  made  it,  as  Lam- 
barde says,  "a  pleasant,  perfect,  and 
princely  Palace."  During  his  reign 
It  became  one  of  the  principal  scenes 
of  that  festivity  for  which  his  Court 
was  celebrated.  King  Henry's  mar- 
riage with  his  first  Queen,  Katharine 
of  Arragon,  was  solemnized  at  Green- 
wich, June  3,  1510.  On  May-day 
1511,  and  the  two  following  days, 
were  held  tournaments,  in  which  the 
King,  Sir  Edward  Howard,  Charles 
Brandon,  and  Edward  Neville,  chal- 
lenged all  comers.  In  1512,  the  King 
kept  his  Christmas  here  "  with  great 
and  plentiful  cheer;"  and  again  in 
1513, "  with  great  solemnity,  dancing, 
disguisings,  and  mummers,  in  a  most 
princely  manner."  Hall  gives  a  full 
account  of  the  festivities;  among 
which,  "On  the  daieofthe  Epiphanie 


at  night,  the  Kyng  with  xi  other  war 
disguised  after  the  maner  of  Italie, 
called  a  maske,  a  thing  not  seen  afore 
in  Englande,'  On  the  13th  of  May, 
1515,  the  marriage  of  Mary  Queen 
Dowager  of  France  (Henrjr's  sister) 
with  Charles  Brandon  Duke  of  Suf- 
folk was  publicly  solemnized  at 
Greenwich.  Solemn  tournaments  were 
held  there  in  1517,  1526,  and  1536. 
The  King  kept  his  Christmas  at 
Greenwich  in  1521,  '*  with  great  no- 
bleness and  open  Court ;"  and  again 
in  1525.  In  1527*  he  received  the 
French  embassy  at  this  place.  The 
same  year  he  kept  his  Christmas  here, 
**  with  revels,  masks,  disguisings^  and 
banquets  royal ;"  as  he  did  again  in 
1533,  in  1537,  and  in  1543  :  the  last- 
mentioned  year  he  entertained  twenty- 
one  of  the  Scottish  nobility  whom  he 
had  taken  prisoners  at  Solam  Moss, 
and  gave  them  their  liberty  without 
ransom. 

Edward  VI.  kept  his  Christmas  at 
Greenwich,  in  1552-3;  George  Fer- 
rers, Esq.  of  Lincoln's  Inn  being 
"Lorde  of  the  merrie  disportes." 
(See  Kempe's  Loseley  Manuscripts.) 
This  amiable  young  Monarch  closed 
his  short  reign  at  Greenwich  Palace 
on  the  6th  of  July  following. 

Queen  Mary  was  born  at  Green- 
wich, Feb.  8,  1515  ;  and  was  baptized 
the  Wednesday  following ;  Cardinal 
Wolsey  being  her  godfather,  the 
Lady  Catharine  and  the  Duchess  of 
Norfolk  her  godmothers. 

Queen  Elizabeth  was  born  at  this 
Palace,  Sept.  7.  1533;  and  on  the 
Wednesday  following  was  christened 
with  great  state,  her  godfather  being 
Archbishop  Cranmer,  and  her  god- 
mothers the  old  Duchess  of  Norfolk 
and  the  old  Marchioness  of  Dorset.  It 
afterwards  became  one  of  her  favou- 
rite residences ;  as  will  be  seen  by 
turning  over  the  leaves  of  Mr.  Nichols's 
Progresses.  The  account  which  the 
German  traveller  Hentzner  has  left  of 
his  visit  to  Greenwich  in  1598,  is  one 
of  the  best  pictures  we  possess  of 
Elizabeth's  court,  and  on  that  account 
it  has  been  frequently  quoted  ;  but  as 
it  also  furnishes  some  particulars  of 
the  Palace  itself,  as  well  as  its  busy 


*  This  view  was  first  pablished  by  the  Society  of  Antiquariesy  in  folioi  1767|  from  a 
drawing  then  in  the  possession  of  Dr.  DucareL 


]840.1 


The  Jtoyal  Palace  of  Greenimch. 


23 


scenes,  it  cannot  be  omitted  on  the 
present  occasion : 

"  We  arrired  next  at  the  Royal  Palace 
of  Greenwich,  reported  to  have  been  ori- 
ginally  bnilt  by  Humphrey  Duke  of  Glou- 
cester, and  to  hare  received  very  magni- 
ficent additions  from  Henry  VII.     It  was 
here  Elizabeth,  the  present  Queen,  was 
bom,  and  here  she  generally  resides,  par- 
tkolmriy  in  summer,  for  the  delightfulness 
•f  its  situation.    We  were  admitted,  by 
an  order  Mr.  Rogers  procured  from  the 
Lord    Chamberlam,    into    the   Presence 
Chamber,  hi^ng  with  rich  tapestry,  and 
the    floor,    after    the    English    fashion, 
strewed  with  hay  rushes,  through  which 
the  Queen  commonly  passes  in  her  way  to 
Chapel ;  at  the  door  stood  a  Gentleman 
drenedin  velvet,  with  a  gold  chain,  whose 
ottee  was  to  introduce  to  the  Queen  any 
person  of  distinction  that  came  to  wait  on 
ber  :  it  was  Sunday,  when  there  is  usually 
tiie  greatest  attendance   of  nobility.     In 
the  same  Hall  were  the  Ardibishop  of 
Canterbury,  the  Bishop    of  London,    a 
great  number  of   Counsellors  of  State, 
Officers  of  the  Crown,  and  Grentlemen, 
who   waited  the   Queen's    coming    out; 
which  she  did  from  her  own  apartment 
when    it   was   time    to    go   to    prayers, 
attended  in  the  following  manner :  first 
went  Gentlemen,  Barons,  Earls,  Knights 
of  the  Garter,  all  richly  dressed  and  bare- 
headed;    next     came     the    Chancellor, 
bearing  the  seals   in    a    red-silk   purse, 
between  two ;  one  of  which  carried  the 
Royal  scepter,   the  other  the    sword  of 
state,  in  a  red  scabbard,  studded  with 
golden  fleurs-de-lis,  the  point  upwards : 
next  came  the  Queen,  in  the  sixty-fifth 
year  of  her  age,  as  we  were  told,  very 
mijestic;    her    face     oblong,    fair,    but 
wrinkled  ;  her  eyes  small,  yet  black  and 

Eleasant ;  her  nose  a  little  hooked ;  her 
pa  narrow,  and  her  teeth  black  (a  defect 
the  English  seem  subject  to,  from  their 
too  great  use  of  sugar) ;  she  had  in  her 
ears  two  pearls,  with  very  rich   drops ; 
she  wore  false  hair,  and  that  red ;  upon 
her  head  she   had  a   small  crown,  re- 
ported to  be  made  of  some  of  the  gbld 
of  the  celebrated  Lunebourg  Table.     Her 
booom  was  uncovered,  as  all  the  English 
ladies    have    it    till    they    marry  ;    and 
she  had  on  a  necklace  of  exceeding  fine 
jewels  ;  her  hands  were  small,  her  fingers 
long,  and  her  stature  neither  tall  nor  low  ; 
her  air  was  stately,  her  manner  of  speak- 
ing mild  and  obliging.    That  day  she  was 
dressed  in  white  silk,  bordered  with  pearls 
of  the  sixe  of  beans,  and  over  it  a  mantle 
of  black  silk,  shot  with  silver  threads ;  ber 
train  was  very  long,  the  end  of  it  borne  by 
a  MiithioaBW ;  iagtcadof  schaia,  As  had 


an  oblong  collar  of  gold  and  jewels.    As 
she  went  along  in  all  this  state  and  mag- 
nificence, she  spoke  very  graciously,  first 
to  one,  then  to  another,  whether  foreign 
ministers,  or  those  who  attended  for  dif- 
ferent reasons,  in  English,  French,  and 
Italian  ;  for,  besides  being  well  skilled  in 
Greek,  Latin,  and  the  languages  I  have 
mentioned,  she  is  mistress  of   Spanish, 
Scotch,  and  Dutch:  whoever  speaks  to 
her,  it  is  kneeling ;  now  and  then  she 
raises  some  with  her  hand.    While  we 
were   there,    W.   Slawata,  a    Bohemian 
Baron,  had  letters  to  present  to  her ;  and 
she,  after  pulling  off  her  glove,  gave  him 
her  right    hand  to   kiss,  sparkling  with 
rings  and  jewels,   a  mark  of  particular 
favour ;  wherever  she  turned  her  face,  as 
she  was  going  along,   every    body    fell 
down  on  their  knees.    The  Ladies  of  the 
Court  followed  next  to  her,  very  hand- 
some  and  well-shaped,  and  for  the  most 
part  dressed  in  white  ;  she  was  guarded  on 
each  side  by  the  Gentlemen  Pensioners, 
fifty  in  number,  with  gilt  battle-axes.     In 
the  ante-chapel  next  the  Hall,  where  we 
were,  petitions  were  presented  to  her,  and 
she  received  them  most  graciously,  which 
occasioned  the  acclamation  of  '  Long  live 
Queen  Elizabeth  1*    She  answered  it  with, 
*  I  thank  you,  my  good  people.'     In  the 
Chapel  was  excellentmusic;  assoonasitand 
the  service  was  over,  which  scarce  exceeded 
half  an  hour,  the  Queen  returned  in  the 
same  state  and  order,  and  prepared  to  go  to 
dinner.  But  while  she  was  still  at  prayers, 
we  saw  her  table  set  out  with  the  follow- 
ing  solemnity  :  a  Gentleman  entered  the 
room  bearing  a  rod,  and  along  with  him 
another  who  had  a  table  cloth,   which, 
after  they  had  both  kneeled  three  times 
with  the  utmost  veneration,  he  spread 
upon  the  table,  and  after  kneeling  again, 
they  both  retired.  Then  came  two  others, 
one  with  the  rod  again,  the  other  with  a 
salt-celler,  a  plate,  and  bread  ;  when  they 
had  kneeled,  as  the  others  had  done,  and 
placed  what  was  brought  upon  the  table, 
they  too  retired  with  the  same  ceremo- 
nies  performed  by  the  first.   At  last  came  ^ 
an  unmarried  Lady  (we  were  told  she  was 
a  Countess)  and  along  with  her  a  married 
one,  bearing  a  tasting-knife ;  the  former 
was  dressed  in  white  silk,  who,  when  she 
had  prostrated  herself  three  times  in  the 
most  graceful   manner,  approached    the 
table,  and  rubbed  the  plates  with  bread 
and  salt,    with  as  much  awe  as  if  the 
Queen  had  been  present :  when  they  had 
waited  there  a  little  while,  the  Yeomen  of 
the  Guard  entered,  bare-beaded,  clothed 
in  scarlet,  with  a  golden  rose  upon  their 
backs,  bringing  in  at  each  turn  a  course 
of  twenty- four  dishes,  served   in  plate, 
OMMt  of  it  gilt;  these  diahet  were  re- 


24 


The  Royal  Palace  of  Greenwich. 


[Jan. 


ceived  by  a  gentleman  in  the  same  order 
they  were  brought,  and  placed  upon  the 
table,  while  the  lady-taster  gave  to  each 
of  the  guards  a  mouthful  to  eat,  of  the 
particular  dish  he  had  brought,  for  fear  of 
any  poison.     During  the  time  that  this 
guard,  which  consists  of  the  tallest  and 
stoutest  men  that  can  be  found  in  all  Eng- 
land, being  carefully  selected  for  this  ser- 
vice, were  bringing  dinner,  twelve  trum- 
pets and  two  kettle-drums  made  the  hall 
ring  for  half  an  hour  together.     At  the 
end  of  this  ceremonial,  a  number  of  un- 
married ladies  appeared,  who,  with  par- 
ticular solemnity,  lifted  the  meat  off  the 
table,  and  conveyed  it  into  the  Queen's 
inner  and  more  private  chamber,  where, 
after  she  had  chosen  for  herself,  the  rest 
goes  to  the  Ladies  of  the  Court.     The 
Queen  dines  and  sups  alone,  with  very 
few  attendants ;  and  it  is  very  seldom 
that  any  body,  foreigner  or  native,  is  ad- 
mitted at  that  time,  and  then  only  at  the 
intercession  of  somebody  in  power. 

**  Near  this  Palace  is  the  Queen's  park 
stocked  with  deer :  such  parks  are  com- 
mon throughout  England,  belonging  to 
those  who  are  distinguished  either  for 
their  rank  or  riches.  In  the  middle  of 
this  is  an  old  square  tower,  called  Mire- 
fieur^  supposed  to  be  that  mentioned  in 
the  Romance  of  Amadis  de  Gaul ;  and 
joining  to  it  a  plain,  where  knights  and 
other  gentlemen  used  to  meet,  at  set 
times  and  holidays,  to  exercise  on  horse- 
back." 

Greenwich  Palace  continued  to  be 
frequently  used  in  the  reign  of  James 
I.  His  daughter  the  Princess  Mary 
was  here  christened  with  great  solem- 
nity in  1G05.  In  1G13  it  was  settled 
on  the  Queen  (Anne  of  Denmark)  for 
life.*    The    brickwork    towards    the 


garden  was  built  by  her,  and  she 
commenced  the  "  House  of  Delight " 
in  the  park,  which  stood  on  the  site  of 
the  present  Naval  Asylum.  Inigo 
Jones  was  employed  for  this  building, 
which  was  left  incomplete  at  the 
Queen's  death  in  1619,  and  was 
finished  by  Queen  Henrietta  Maria  in 
1635,t  as  was  recorded  by  a  4ate  on 
its  front :  the  ceilings  were  painted  by 
Horatio  Gentileschi ;  and  the  whole 
house  was  furnished  so  magnificently, 
that  Philipott  (one  of  the  Kentish  his- 
torians)  says  it  surpassed  all  others  of 
the  kind  in  England. 

When  the  ordinance  for  the  sale 
of  the  Crown  lauds  was  made  by  the 
Parliament  in  1649,  Greenwich  house 
and  park  were  reserved  ;  and,  though 
there  was  afterwards  a  considernble 
inclination  manifested  for  its  sale,  and 
some  portions  of  the  demesne  were 
pared  off,  yet  Cromwell  seems  to  have 
contrived  to  preserve  it ;  and  it  was 
twice,  in  Dec.  1651,  and  again  in 
1654,  declared  to  be  a  fit  mansion  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  Lord  Pro- 
tector. 

After  the  restoration,  however,  it 
was  found  to  be  greatly  decayed,  and 
in  consequence  the  King  determined  to 
pull  down  the  old  building,  and  erect 
a  new  palace  on  the  site.  One  wing 
of  this  was  completed,  at  the  expense 
of  36,000/.  ;  and  that  wing  still  re- 
mains, having  been  converted,  by  the 
munificence  of  William  and  Mary,  to 
the  purposes  of  their  humane  and  po- 
litic institution,  the  national  Hospital 
for  Seamen.  J  J.G.N. 


♦  **  The  Queen  by  her  late  pacification  hath  gained  Greenwich  into  jointure.'* 
Letter  of  Mr.  Chamberlain,  Nov.  ii5,  1G13.     (Progr.  of  King  James,  vol.  ii.  p.  704.) 

t  The  account  here  given  is  amended  from  that  of  Lysons  (who  says,  that  Inigo 
Jones  was  called  in  for  the  completion  of  the  House  of  Delight,  by  Henrietta  Maria,) 
in  consequence  of  a  passage  in  another  letter  of  Mr.  Chamberlain,  dated  June  21, 
1617»  as  follows :  '*  The  Queen  is  building  somewhat  at  Greenwich,  which  must 
be  finished  this  summer.  It  is  said  to  be  some  curious  device  of  Inigo  Jones,  and 
will  cost  about  4000/.*'  (Ibid.  iii.  344.)  In  Sept.  1619,  the  same  writer  says, 
''  There  is  a  brick  wall  making  round  about  Greenwich  Park,  that  will  prove  a  matter 
of  no  small  charge.'*     (Ibid.  p.  565.) 

t  In  the  letters  patent  to  the  first  Commissioners  of  the  Hospital,  dated  25  Oct.  6 
Will,  and  M.  the  site  is  described  as  "  a  piece  or  parcel  ground,  part  of  the  Manor  of 
Greenwich,  containing  eight  acres,  two  roods,  and  thirty-two  square  perches,  bounded 
by  the  River  Thames  on  the  north,  and  containing  by  admeasurement  along  the 
river,  from  a  house  in  the  occupation  of  Nicholas  Smythys,  to  the  east  end  of  the 
edifice  called  the  Vestry,  six  hundred  feet,  abutting  on  the  east  on  the  public  way, 
leading  from  the  Crane  to  the  Back  Lane,  south  on  the  old  Tilt-yard  and  the  Queen*s 
Garden,  and  west  on  the  Friars*  road,  and  other  lands  belonging  to  the  Crjwn ;  toge- 
ther with  the  capital  messuage  there  lately  in  building  by  King  Charles  the  Second,  and 
still  remainmg  unfinished,  commonly  called  by  the  name  of  the  Palace  of  GreeD^ch.*> 
3 


V 


1840.] 


25 


GOETHE'S  TABLE-TALK. 

(Continued from  November ^  p,  463. J 


VICTOR  HUGO  is  a  man  of  great 
literary  talent,  and  doubtless  has  been 
in  no  ordinary  degree  influenced  and 
benefited  by  German  literature.  I 
am  almost  disposed  to  compare  his 
high  qualities  to  the  great  genius  of 
Manzoni,  who  is  highly  gifted,  and 
perfect  in  his  art^  as  are  Lamartine 
and  Deiavigne.  When  I  consider 
Hogo  closely  in  his  compositions, 
characters^  and  general  delineations, 
1  perceive  from  whence  his  colourings 
are  derived,  and  the  school  in  which 
he  has  been  educated,  with  many 
other  poetical  and  vigorous  minds. 
They  all  have  derived  much  of  their 
resources  from  Chateaubriand,  who  is 
himself  not  only  a  great  poet,  but  also 
a  distinguished  rhetorician. 

Hie  ode  of  Manzoni  on  the  fifth  of 
May  is  by  far  superior  to  any  that  has 
been  composed  on  the  death  of  Napo- 
leon. This  ode  not  only  displays 
the  greatest  gift  of  mind,  versati- 
lity of  invention,  but  is  at  once 
beaatiful  and  congenial  to  the  subject. 
As  regards  his  lovely  romance,  "  Gli 
Promessi  Sposi"  (the  Betrothed),  it 
snrpastes  all  others  that  have  attempted 
similar  delineations.  It  at  once  shews 
all  the  springs  of  the  human  heart  in 
its  diversified  and  infinite  bearings. 
This  romance  is  a  model  of  perfection 
in  regard  to  the  external,  as  well  as  the 
internal  operations  of  the  human  soul. 
In  his  masterly  pencilling  we  are  led 
from  one  species  of  admiration  to  an- 
other, and  we  feel  that  a  charm  invests 
all.  Whether  it  be  in  the  delicacy  of 
the  tints,  or  the  force,  strength,  or 
depth  of  colouring,  we  see  and  feel 
that  he  is  throughout  a  finished  artist. 
Such  is  the  warmth  of  his  imagi- 
nation, that  his  descriptions  act  as  a 
spell  upon  the  senses  of  the  reader. 
He  possesses  the  genius  of  investing 
trifles  with  great  interest,  and  of  making 
them  contribute  to  an  important  end. 
It  is  a  distinguished  feature  in  his 
compositions,  that,  while  he  displays 


in  all  his  writings  the  highest  degree 
of  sentiment,  he  never  degrades  his 
ability  by  descending  into  mere  senti- 
mentalism ;  and,  indeed,  as  a  romance 
writer,  Manzoni's  productions  consti- 
tute master-pieces  of  descriptive  deline- 
ations. While  he  retains  his  character 
as  a  poet  he  is  great,  but  as  he  sometimes 
indulges  in  a  sudden  turn  into  history, 
such  as  the  description  of  war,  famine, 
or  pestilence,  then  he  loses  that  dis- 
tinction, and  at  once  sinks  into  a  mere 
chronicler.  His  great  love  for  the  real- 
ity, in  this  respect,  has  led  him  into 
error ;  but,  as  soon  as  these  dry  details 
move  from  the  stage  of  representation, 
and  the  characters  of  the  romance  re- 
appear, then,  and  then  only,  does 
Manzoni  shine  in  all  his  glory  as  a  poet 
It  is  true,  that  he  treats  his  subjects 
with  all  the  clearness  and  beauty  of  an 
Italian  sky ;  but,  when  he  throws  off 
the  robe  of  the  poet,  and  puts  on  the 
mantle  of  the  historian,  with  the  na- 
kedness of  a  mere  chronicler,  then 
does  his  description  of  war  and  famine, 
already  so  repulsive  by  their  own  proper 
nature,  become  insupportable.  This 
defect  appears  to  me  accounted  for  oa 
these  grounds — Manzoni,  like  Schiller, 
was  born  a  poet,  and  not  an  historian ; 
but  such  is  the  dearth  of  great  charac- 
ters of  our  age,  that  neither  of  these 
poets  could  meet  with  a  single  indi- 
vidual suitable  to  their  genius  for  deli- 
neation ;  therefore  Schiller  seized  on 
history  and  philosophy,  and  Man- 
zoni on  history  alone. 

Schiller  in  the  "  Wallenstein"  ♦  has 
produced  so  grand  and  ennobling  a 
piece  of  composition,  so  varied  and 
yet  BO  descriptive,  so  powerful  and 
yet  so  elevated,  that  it  ascends  above 
all  others  of  a  kindred  species ;  but, 
with  these  inimitable  qualities,  it  has 
the  disadvantage  of  a  similar  draw- 
back to  that  of  Manzoni's  compositions. 
The  one  erred  in  his  character  as  an 
historian,  the  other  as  a  philosopher. 
Xhe  weight  of  the  two  principles  does 


*  Colonel  Mitchell  has  introduced  to  the  notice  of  the  British  public  one  of  thebeit 
Mofraphical  and  historical  works  of  late  years,  in  his  Life  of  Wallenstein,  Duke  of 
frte^aad.  The  sathor  has  not  only  acquitted  himself  well  as  an  historian,  but  hu 
evinced  his  iliUiftjr  as  a  most  sagadons  critic. 

GufT.  B(ao.  Vol.  XIII.  E 


y^ 


26 


Goethe  i  Table  Talk. 


[Jan. 


injury  to  the  purity  and  success  of  the 
dramatic  and  poetical  genius  of  the 
composition. 

In  reviewing  the  many  eminent  men 
that  grace  the  preceding  pages  in  the 
different  departments  of  learning,    it 
would  be  difficult  for  an  individual  in 
the  brevity  of  a  few  pages  to  do  ample 
merit  to  their  varied  and  distinguished 
abilities.    The  opinions  advanced  by 
Goethe  himself  were  not  his  studied 
sentiments,  but  the  mere  effusions  of 
a  momentary  impulse ;  and  although 
we  may  differ  from  him  in  many  of  his 
sentiments  respecting  individual  per- 
sons, yet  we  are  bound  at  the  same 
time  to  respect  them  as  coming  from 
a  man  of  lengthened  experience,  ripe 
judgment,  and  one    of    the    deepest 
thinkers  of  the  age.     It  is  but  render- 
ing a  just  tribute  to  his  memory,  when 
we  say  that  Germany  has  combined 
in  no  other  individual  the  graces  and 
charms  of  poetry  with  the  deep-toned 
philosophy  which  is  displayed  in  all 
his  works.    These    leading    features 
constitute  the  finished   excellence   of 
Goethe,  and  place  him  upon  a  proud 
and  commanding  elevation.    No  man 
who  has  studied  the  diversity    of  hu- 
man genius,  the  rise  and  progress  of 
human  intellect,    its  different   appli- 
cations and  final  effects  upon  society, 
but  roust  admire  the  judiciousness  of 
the    several    opinions    advanced    by 
Goethe.    The  man  who  reasons  from 
himself,  uncurbed  by  the  authority  of 
opinions  which  are  not  only  cherished, 
but  defended,  by  many,  and  which  it 
would  be  considered  treason  to  dissent 
from,  must  feel  and  think  with  Goethe ; 
not  that  he  is  infallible,  but  because 
he  was  determined  to  adopt  only  opi- 
nions borne  out  by  evidence  and  expe- 
rience.    If  his  sentiments  are  not  re- 
ceived and  embraced,  his  judgment  in 
forming  them,  at  least,  is  to  be  com- 
mended.    In  this  country  Goethe  is 
too  little  known  to  be  fully  and  justly 
understood :   it  is  the  only  favoured 
few  alone,  in  the  higher  walks  of  hu- 
man reason  and  genius,  that  know  how 
to  esteem  and  value  such  a  scholar. 
The  fact  is,  that,  although  he  thought 
in  the  age,  his  thoughts  were  not  of 
the  age ;  he  is  one  of  those  great  minds 
whose  real  appreciation  is  left  to  pos- 
terity, and  which  time  alone  will  ripen 
into  justice.    He  is  not  what  is  com* 


monly  called  a  popular  writer;  his 
genius  being  of  that  high  practical 
quality,  as  well  as  of  that  deep  scruti- 
nizing spirit,  which  raises  the  ten- 
dency of  all  his  subjects  above  the 
common  thinking  of  the  many. 

He  is  one  of  those    high-wrought 
minds  whose  ideas  were  of  the  most 
consummate    order   and     regularity ; 
every    thought    retained    its     proper 
order,  and  assumed  its  correct  posi- 
tion :  like  the  great  masters  of  musical 
composition,  he  possessed  a  complete 
mastery  over  the  science  of  instrumen- 
tation, and  foresaw,  not  only  with  the 
eye  of  genius,  but  also  with  the  per- 
ception of  the  critic,  the  position  which 
his  characters  would  assume,  and  the 
effect  which  they  would  produce  to 
perfect  the  harmony  of  the  whole.     It 
is  true,  his  characters  are  not  of  that 
lively,  sprightly,    and   volatile     cast 
which  distinguish  other  great   com- 
posers, and  which  makes    them  so 
much  applauded  by  the  bulk  of  man- 
kind ;  (if  we  may  carry  out  the  figure), 
he  is  not  of  the  Rossini   or   Bellini 
school ;  there  is  too  much  science*  too 
much  depth,  indeed  too  much  mind, 
to  receive  the  unanimous  commenda- 
tion of  men.     He  possesses  the  vigour 
and  greatness  of  soul  which  is  found 
so  largely  in  the  compositions  of  Bee- 
thoven and  Weber,  whose  shadings  in 
musical  skill  are  of  that  deep  texture, 
which  only  can  be  properly  understood 
by  the  great  and  elevated  critic.     In 
these  remarks  we  would  not  attempt 
to  raise  his    genius    or   imagination 
above  the  understanding  of  men  gene- 
rally ;  but  the  bearings  of  all  the  higher 
order  of  his  thoughts  arc  only  for  the 
profound.     How  could  it    be  other- 
wise ?  for  nature  herself  shaped  him 
so.     All  men  of  great  genius  may  be 
compared  to  the  most  costly   Parian 
marble,  which  is  diversified  by  every 
conceivable  veinage.    Yet  there  is    a 
variety  even  in  this  :  some  blocks  are 
more   crowded  than  others,  and  the 
veins  deeper  and  more  varied.  Such  was 
Goethe, — throughout  him  there  was 
the   deep  interminable  veinage,  cha- 
racterized by  all  the  richness  and  pu- 
rity of  its  qualities. 

From  the  opinions  he  has  advanced, 
and  the  characters  he  has  given  of  his 
contemporaries,  we  are  led  to  regret 
that  he  has  not  advanced  more  ;  but 
what  he  has  said  is  well  stated. 


v 


1840.] 


Goeihe*s  Table  Talk. 


9- 


Many  of  the  authors  whose  charac- 
ters  and  qualifications  he  has  glanced 
at  have  long  received  the  applause 
and  just  reward  of  men  of  equal  emi- 
nence, as  ranking  high  for  their  great 
and  consummate  talent,  but  whose 
weak  points  did  unhinge  that  order 
which  tends  to  the  common  good  of 
all.  Their  bias  led  them  to  seat  ridi- 
cule in  the  chair  where  reason  alone 
should  have  her  place ;  but,  although 
we  observe  in  some  of  them  these 
blemishes,  yet  is  there  so  much  pure 
gold  among  the  alloy,  that  we  are  in- 
duced to  overlook  the  little  evil  where 
there  is  so  much  good. 

There  are  nmny  noticed  among  the 
poets  and  great  dramatists  that  are 
more  or  less  the  favourites  of  every 
reader ;  and  ail  will  be  glad  to  recog- 
nize some  of  their  earliest  and  most  de- 
lightful companions,  which  come  to  our 
view  with  greater  zest  when  they  have 
undergone  the  ordeal  of  so  great  a  critic 
as  Goethe,  and  have  received  his  com- 
mendation and  praise.  It  may  be 
said  of  some  whom  he  has  noticed, 
that  they  have  formed  the  greatest 
luxury  and  delight  of  our  existence ; 
and  of  others  we  are  led  to  indulge  in 
the  language  of  the  great  poet  himself, 
when  he  said, 

*'  I  knew  him  as  myself,  for  from  our  infancy 
We  have  conversed  and  spent  our.hours  tog^e- 

therj 
And  thoni^h  myself  have  been  an  idle  truant, 
Omittini^  the  sweet  benefits  of  time 
To  dothe  mine  ai^e  with  an^fel-like  perfection.'* 

We  will  now  introduce  a  few  more 
instances  from  the  writings  of  Goethe, 
embracing  his  general  opinions  and 
views  of  subjects  : — 

To  think  for  the  mere  purpose  of 
reflection  answers  no  good  end ;  in 
addition  to  the  mere  action  of  thought, 
we  must  be  gifled  by  nature  with  an 
healthy  organization,  in  order  to  adapt 
its  resources  to  circumstances  and 
things.  Inasmuch  as  the  ideal,  the 
beautiful  and  sublime,  may  come  forth 
spontaneously,  as  the  offspring  of  the 
gods,  crying  out  "  here  we  are." 

I  am  accustomed  to  call  classical 
productions  the  healthy, — the  romantic, 
the  tick,  I  consider  the  poem  "  Die 
Nibclungcn"  quite  as  classical  as 
that  of  Homer's.  Both  these  great 
productions  of  the  human  intellect 
are  bold  and   vigorous.     The   works 

of  the  present  day  are  not  ronumtic 


merely  because  they  are  modern, 
but  because  they  are  sickly ;  the  an- 
cient productions  are  not  classical 
because  they  have  antiquity  merely  in 
their  favour,  but  because  they  are  full 
of  energy,  and  fresh,  as  it  were,  with 
the  dew  of  youth.  If  we  consider  the 
classic  and  the  romantic  in  these  two 
points  of  view,  we  soon  shall  come  to 
a  right  conclusion,  proper  under- 
standing, and  a  correct  appreciation 
of  them. 

The  resemblance  or  relation  which 
one  part  ought  to  bear  to  another, 
is  the  groundwork  and  foundation 
of  the  drama.  The  doctrine  of  the 
unities  is  good,  as  they  are  intended 
to  lead  to  a  legitimate  end;  but  it 
would  be  absurd  to  consider  them 
as  a  law  from  which  there  should  be 
no  deviation.  The  Greeks,  notwith- 
standing they  were  the  inventors  of  this 
rule,  do  not  always  strictly  adhere  to 
it.  As,  for  instance,  the  scene  changes 
in  the  Phaeton  by  Euripides,  and  also 
in  many  other  dramatic  pieces  of  the 
Greeks;  as  they  considered  the  true 
representation  of  their  subject  to  be  of 
more  importance,  than  vitiating  their 
plot  by  strictly  following  a  mere  law. 
The  piecesofShakspeare  depart,  as  often 
as  is  convenient  for  the  full  development 
of  the  plot  of  his  dramas,  from  strictly 
following  the  doctrines  of  time  and 
place ;  but,  although  in  any  of  his 
works  he  is  not  mindful  of  this  rule« 
all  is  properly  understood,  and  they 
are  so  comprehensible  in  themselves, 
that  even  the  Greeks  could  not  find 
fault  with  them. 

Most  of  the  French  poets  of  the  old 
or  classical  school  have  strictly  fol- 
lowed this  principle,  or  at  least  have 
endeavoured  to  follow  the  unities  ;  but, 
by  being  so  precise,  they  have  fallen 
into  obscurity,  because  they  develope  a 
drama,  not  by  action  but  by  narrative. 

Of  what  use  would  all  the  poets  be, 
if  they  were  merely  content  in  re- 
peating what  the  historian  has  ad- 
vanced ?  They  must  go  beyond  this, 
and  produce  something  more  elevated 
and  effective  ;  thoy  must  cultivate  the 
effects  and  arrangements  of  the  charac- 
ters. All  the  subjects  of  Sophocles  are 
noble,  and  partake  of  that  elevation  of 
soul  which  has  constituted  him  so 
distinguished :  in  like  manner  is  this 
principle  displayed  in  all  the  writio(i 
of  Shakspeare, 


28 


The  Sects  and  Observances  of  Hindoo  Faqueers. 


[Jan« 


The  world  has  receiYed  as  a  fact  the 
historical  account,  up  to  the  present 
time,  of  the  noble  heroism  of  Lucre- 
tia  and  Muciu^  Scaevola ;  but,  alas ! 
there  are  historical  critics  who  tell  us 
to  our  very  teeth  that  such  persons 
never  existed,  and  that  their  sublime 
examples  are  nothing  more  than  fic- 
tions, invented  by  the  genius  of  the 
Romans.  What  is  this  miserable 
truth  to  us?  If  the  Romans  were 
grand  enough  to  imagine  such  things, 
we  ought  also  to  be  grand  enough  to 
believe  them. 

I  can  say  that  alone  in  Rome  have 
I  fully  comprehended  what  it  is  to  be 
a  human  being.  No  where  else  have 
I  found  that  elevation  of  mind  and 
felicity  of  feeling  which  I  have  en- 
joyed in  the  Eternal  City.  Compara- 
tively speaking,  1  have  never  since 
felt  myself  happy,  nor  shall  I  during 
the  remainder  of  my  life. 


Mr.  Urban,     Dorchester,  Sept.  9. 

I  TAKE  the  liberty  of  offering  you 
one  more  paper  of  extracts  from  the 
Ardee8h'i'Mu}\fil,  on  the  Hindoo  Fa^eers 
and  Brahmuns,  not  with  the  presump- 
tion that  I  shall  afford  the  readers  of 
the  Gentleman's  Magazine  any  infor- 
mation on  a  matter  of  which  they  are 
ignorant ;  but  with  the  persuasion  that 
they  may  be  glad  to  peruse  a  Hindoo's* 
account  of  it,  as  having  a  kind  of  au- 
thority which  that  of  an  European 
must  always  want. 

The  word  Faqeer  is  Arabic,  mean- 
ing poor  or  mendicant,  and  is  a 
common  epithet  for  several  sects  of 
devotees  or  holy  mendicants,  who  are 
sometimes  called  collectively  by  the 
synonymous  Persian  name  Durveeah 
or  DervUe,  and  distinctively  the  Suna- 
Btes,  the  Joghees,  the  Bdiraghees,  the 
Nanuk  Punthees,  and  the  Jutees. 

The  first  sect  is  that  of  the  Suna- 
«eet,  "  whose  way  is  to  give  up  carnal 
desire  and  worldly  pleasure,  and  to 
occupy  themselves  in  intolerable  cere- 
monies and  painful  austerities."  They 
lie  so  long  on  the  earth  that  they 
adhere  to  it,  and  twist  their  hair  till  it 
becomes  matted.**  They  occupy  them- 
selves day  and  night  in  meditation  on 
God,  and  bow  their  heads  in  his  wor- 


*  The  Ar4eesh-i-MuhfU  was  writtea  by 
learned  Hindoo,  Sber  All  Aftof. 


ship.  They  hold  no  communication 
with  any  one,<^  and  have  no  wish  for 
anything.  Naked  from  head  to  foot/ 
they  rub  their  bodies  with  hhubhaot 
(ashes  of  cowdung) ;  and  giving  up 
worldly  honour  and  glory,  what  au- 
sterities they  undergo  in  the  high  way  ! 
Although  their  outward  state  is  mise- 
rable, yet  their  noble  hearts  are  full  of 
grace,  and  although  their  bodily  form 
is  desolate,  their  spiritual  existence  is 
happy.  Some  of  them  cultivate  silence, 
and  remain  holding  converse  and  dis- 
putation with  their  own  souls.'  One, 
neglecting  his  body,  and  holding  hii 
hand  towards  heaven,  catches,  as  it 
were*  the  skirt  of  his  object  of  desire, 
(mutloob,  objectdesired/)  whileanother, 
hanging  in  a  tree,  burns  his  proud 
soul  in  the  fire  of  affliction.'  One  stays 
day  and  night  in  a  place  of  worship  lo 
prayer  to  god ;  and  another,  looking 
no  longer  at  this  world,  but  gazing  on 
the  sun,ff  beholds  another  world  with 
the  eye  of  his  heart.  In  short,  these 
people  spend  their  whole  time  in  de- 
votion, and  afflict  their  souls  every 
moment,  and  in  austerities  of  the  most 
painful  kind.*  Who  is  there  besides 
that  has  strength  to  undergo  them  or 
even  to  think  of  them  ?*>  If  I  should 
give  the  names  of  all  the  tribes  of  this 
sect,  and  an  account  of  their  habits  and 
laws,  with  a  full  description  of  their 
modes  of  worship,"  says  the  writer  of 
the  Selections,  "  I  should  make  my 
story  very  long." 

The  Sunasees  are  the  Gymnosophists, 
or  naked  philosophers  of  India,  spoken 
of  by  the  Greeks  and  Romans ;  and 
the  foregoing  account  of  them  will  be 
corroborated  and  illustrated  by  the 
following  extracts  from  Latin  and 
English  books ;  and,  for  the  sake  of 
facilitating  the  comparison  of  the  coin- 
cident observations  of  the  Hindoo  and 
European  writers,  I  have  marked  them 
with  the  same  alphabetical  letters. 

Cicero  (Tuscul.  Quaest.  lib.  5,) 
says,  "  Quae  Barbaria  India  vastior, 
aut  agrcstior  ?  in  ek  tamen  gente  pri- 
mum  ii,  qui  sapicntes  habentur,  nudi  ^ 
xtatem  agunt  ct  Caucasi  nives  hiema- 
lemque  vim  perferunt  sine  dolore  : 
cumque  ad  flammam  se  applicaverunt 
sine  gemitu  aduruntur."  He  names 
also  the  Suttees. 

"  Some  of  them,"  says  Goldsmith, 
in  his  Geography,  '*  enter  into  a 
solemn  vow  to  contiAue  for  life  in  one 


\ 


1840.]  The  Sects  and  Observances  of  Hindoo  Faqueers, 


29 


anTmried  posture.  *  *  *  Some  crawl  on 
their  hands  and  knees  for  years  around 
an  extensive  empire ;  and  others  roll 
their  bodies  on  the  earth  from  the 
shores  of  the  Indus  to  the  banks  of  the 
GmngeSf  and  collect  money  to  enable 
them  either  to  build  a  temple,  to  dig  a 
well,  or  to  atone  for  some  particular 
sin.  Some  swing  during  their  whole 
Uh,  in  this  torrid  clirae,  before  a  slow 
fire ;  others  suspend  themselves,  with 
their  heads  downwards,  for  a  certain 
time*  over  the  fiercest  flames." 

"I  have  seen,"  says  Mr.  Forbes, 
"  m  man  who  had  made  a  vow  to  hold 
np  his  arms  in  a  perpendicular  manner 
above  his  head,  and  never  to  suspend 
them ;  at  length  he  totally  lost  the 
power  of  moving  them  at  all.*  He 
was  one  of  the  gymnosophists,  who 
wear  no  kind  of  covering,**  and  seemed 
more  like  a  wild  beast  than  a  man ; 
hta  arms,  from  having  been  so  long  in 
one  posture,  were  become  withered 
and  dried  up  ;*  while  his  outstretched 
fingers,  with  longnails  of  twenty  years' 
growth,  gave  them  the  appearance  of 
extraordinary  horns  :  his  hair,  full  of 
dost,  and  never  combed,  hung  over 
him  in  a  savage  manner ;  and,  except 
in  his  erect  posture,  there  appeared 
nothing  human  about  him." 

The  writer  of  the  "  Memoirs  of  a 
Cadet,"  tells  us  that  he  saw  a  Faqeer, 
measuring  his  way  to  Juggernaut  with 
his  body,  by  placing  his  feet  in  every 
subsequent  prostration  where  his  head 
had  touched  grornid  in  the  former  one'; 
and  that  he  had  come  more  than  three 
hundred  miles  of  prostrations,  and  had 
about  four  hundred  more  to  go. 

"  To  obtain  the  favour  of  Brahma 
they  suffer  most  dreadful  tortures,* 
(says  a  paragraph  in  Kelly's  Geogra- 
phy,) and  the  austerities  some  of  them 
undergo  are  incredible  to  those  that 
have  not  been  eye-witnesses  of  them.^ 
Some  stand  for  years  upon  one  foot 
with  their  arms  tied  to  the  beam  of  a 
house  or  branch  of  a  tree.' *** Some 
sit  in  the  sun,  with  their  faces  looking 
apwards,'  till  they  are  incapable  of 
altering  the  position  of  their  heads." 

It  may  be  worth  while  to  observe, 
that  it  was  a  glory  with  Socrates  to 
undergo  some  such  austerities  as  these ; 
as  we  are  told  by  A.  Gellius  (Lib.  2, 
c.  i.)  that  he  used  to  stand  "  pertinaci 
statu,  perdius  atque  pernox  a  summo 
UicboftaidioUm  «iterum  oheiiteB« 


inconnivens,  immobilis,  iisdem  in  ves- 
tigiis,  et  ore  atque  oculis  eundem  in 
locum  directis  cogitabundus,  tanquam 
quodam  secessu  mentis  atque  animi 
facto  a  corpore ;"  and  he  quotes  FavO' 
rinus,  as  saying  of  him  that "  TroXXoiccff 
cf  rjXlov  tXs  TjXiov  €a'TfjK€i  darpa^coTipos 
rS>v  7rp€fjkV(av." 

European  writers  have  sometimes 
confounded  the  generic  epithet  faqeer 
with  the  distinctive  names  of  the  tribes 
of  faqeers,  and  must  therefore  be 
wrong  as  far  as  the  distinctions  of  the 
Selections  are  right:  and  a  note  to  a  pas- 
sage on  the  Indian  philosophers  in  the 
8th  book  of  Q.  Curtius  (Delphin  Edit. 
London,  1705,)  says,  "Hodiernos 
sacerdotes  sive  philosophos  patrid.  lin- 
gu&  Joguea  (Joghees)  appellari  ferunt," 
which  is  wrong,  as  the  chief"  Indorum 
sacerdotes"  are  the  Brahmuns ;  and 
the  Joghees  are  only  one  sect  of  the 
Hindoo  philosophers. 

The  second  sect  is  that  o(  the  J ogheeM, 
so  called  from  the  Sanscrit  Jog,  penance 
or  devotion.  "  These  people  also  day 
and  night  follow  the  worship  of  their 
God ;  and,  by  much  retention  of  the 
breath,  huhs-i-dum,  live  hundreds  of 
years."  (See  the  account  of  the  4th 
Shaster,  Patur^l,  in  a  former  article, 
Gent.  Mag.  June,  1 8390  "  Notwith- 
standing  their  great  austerities,  their 
earthly  tabernacle "  {JamU'i-chakee^ 
garment  of  earth,  or  body,)  "  becomes 
so  light  that  they  can  fly  on  the 
air  and  walk  on  the  water.  By  the 
power  of  exertion,  whenever  they  like 
they  can  pluck  out  their  souls,  and 
throw  them  into  the  body  of  another, 
and  becoming  invisible  they  can  as- 
sume the  shape  of  whom  they  will. 
They  can  foretell  things,  and  make 
gold  from  ashes.  They  cope  with  a 
whole  world  by  the  power  of  enchant- 
ment. They  have  fellowship  with 
Beeroon  (heros),  but  the  Bditaloon,  (a 
kind  of  demons)  dread  their  power. 
They  heal  diseases  by  a  word,  and 
instantly  know  the  mindofastranger« 
whether  friend  or  foe,  though  a  Joghee 
is  a  friend  of  every  one.  Although 
there  is  much  skill  in  conjuring  and 
alchemy  among  the  Sunaseea,  yet  the 
Jogheea  have  great  reputation  in  those 
sciences." 

On  recurring  from  this  account  of 
the  Joghees  to  that  of  the  Shasters, 
(for  which  I  have  already  referred  the 
reader  to  the  Gent*  Mug.  for  June 


30 


The  Sects  and  Observances  of  Hindoo  Faqueers* 


[Jan. 


1839«)  it  will  be  seen  that  they  are 
disciples  of  the  Patunjul  Shaster,  at- 
tributed to  Soamee  Annunt,  or,  as  I 
believe  it  may  be  translated  from  the 
Sanscrit,  the  Lord  Vishnoo ;  Soamee, 
meaning  Lord  ;  and  Annunt,  endless  or 
infinite ;  being  an  epithet  of  Vishnoo 
as  well  as  of  the  serpent  FasuJc,  which 
is  said  to  support  the  earth.  In 
Smyth's  Hindoostanee  Dictionary  it  is 
said  that  the  Joghees  are  commonly 
weavers ;  though  it  is  stated  by  the 
Hindoo  Selections  that  many  of  them 
cultivate  alchemy,  and  the  black  art. 
1  believe  the  Joghees  are  the  caste  of 
which  the  women  are  sometimes  buried 
alive  with  their  husbands. 

"  The  third  sect  is  that  of  theBatra^- 
hees,"  a  Sanscrit  appellation,  meaning 
a  Recluse  or  Devotee.  "They  also 
undergo  many  austerities,  and  groan  in 
penance.  Their  time  is  divided  with 
much  discrimination.  They  spend  the 
day  and  night  in  their  mode  of  worship, 
and,  absorbed  in  the  love  of  Ram, 
(the  seventh  incarnation  of  the  God 
Vishnoo,)  and  bending  before  the  cre- 
ator, every  one  keeps  on  in  the  way  of 
his  founder,  and  never  forsakes  it. 
Sometimes  people  of  taste  among 
them«  having  composed  hymns  on  the 
unity  and  wisdom  of  God,'^  sing  them 
night  and  morning,  and  play  musical 
instruments  of  different  sounds.  In 
their  faith  it  is  a  noble  service  of  God 
and  an  act  of  their  worship  to  come 
into  some  open  place,  and  dance  pub- 
licly, going  round  in  a  circle,  as  it  is 
believed  among  them  that  whoever 
puts  a  foot  to  ground,  in  this  state, 
makes  one  step  towards  Heaven 
(munjsil-i'muksood,  the  desired  man- 
sion). Many  even  utter  its  name  with 
their  tongue,  and  turn  over  their  rosary 
of  memory,  f  Many,  given  to  contem- 
plation, sit  in  meditation  on  noble 
objects.  They  are  chiefly  occupied  in 
the  study  of  the  Bedant  Shastcr  ;  and, 
having  learnt  the  mysteries  of  know- 
ledge, and  the  secrets  of  the  unity  of 

*  See  the  account  of  the  Bedant,  or 
Weedant,  or  Yeedant  Shaster,  Gent.  Mag. 
June,  1839. 

t  That  is,  1  beUeve,  they  use  the 
Soomrun  or  rosary,  to  keep  an  account  of 
their  steps  in  the  devotional  dance,  or  the 
times  they  have  named  the  munzil-i-muJt- 
sood :  a  striking  coincidence  with  the  use 
of  the  rosary  in  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church. 


God,  they  fill  their  hearts"  (literally, 
kfianU'i-dil,  the  house  of  the  heart,) 
"  with  light.  There  are  many  sects 
of  them,  each  called  by  the  name  of 
its  founder." 

The  fourth  sect  are  the  Nanuk  Pun* 
thees,  (whom  we  commonly  call  sikhs, 
or  oodasees,)  the  founder  of  whom  was 
Baba  Nanuk.  "These  people  also, 
agreeably  to  the  precepts  of  their 
leaders,  occupy  themselves  in  the  wor- 
ship of  God ;  but  this  is  the  essence  of 
their  worship,  that,  being  instructed 
by  teachers,  they  delight  hearers  by 
singing  doohree,  chihund,  and  hvbit, 
(three  kinds  of  devotional  music,)  and 
do  not  restrict  themselves  to  medita- 
tion upon  anything." 

The  5th  are  the  Juteti,  "  These 
also  undergo  hard  abstinence  and  se- 
vere toils.  They  stay  in  meditation 
forty  days  in  succession,  bearing  the 
long  pain  of  hunger  and  thirst.  They 
do  not  pamper  their  bodies,  nor  is 
the  name  of  eating  and  drinking  fre- 
quently uttered  by  their  tongues. 
They  do  not  go  about  in  the  rainy 
season,  nor  even  put  out  their  feet, 
lest  they  may  hurt  some  worm  or  in- 
sect, as  they  believe  the  protection  of 
living  things  to  be  a  great  duty.  On 
this  account  they  do  not  kindle 
fire,  or  cook  food ;  and  they  think  it 
a  crime  to  erect  buildings,  to  light  a 
lamp,  to  sink  wells,  or  even  to  draw 
water  from  them,  as  it  may  be  the 
cause  of  harm  to  some  animal.  More- 
over they  eat  no  vegetables  or  g^een 
fruit,  because  with  them  such  things 
are  thought  a  kind  of  animals.  If 
they  are  very  hungry  or  thirsty  they 
ask  for  what  they  need  at  the  houses 
of  their  followers,  and  eat  or  drink  it ; 
and  they  think  it  right  to  wear  ragged 
clothes.  They  do  not  believe  in  God, 
for  it  is  a  precept  of  their  founders, 
that  as  grass  grows  of  itself,  and  has 
no  sower,  so  is  the  production  of  man 
and  brutes,  and  that  they  have  thus 
come  and  gone  from  eternity ;  nor  do 
they  believe  in  future  retribution. 
They  are  necessitarians ;  they  say  that 
the  body  of  man  is  of  four  elements, 
and  at  its  dissolution  each  will  mingle 
with  its  origin  :  they  will  not  on  any 
account  give  people  fire  or  water, 
which  all  other  sects  of  Hindoos  think 
it  their  duty  to  do,  though  they  hold 
it  to  be  a  good  act  to  throw  oil  on  an 
ejttinct  lamp.    They  think  it  wrong  to 


X 


1840.] 


The  Saxon  Dialect  of  Dorsetshire. 


31 


put  a  razor  or  scissors  to  their  beard, 
Imt  that  it  should  be  plucked  out  by 
the  hand.  It  is  a  merit  not  to  move 
their  teeth,  or  open  their  mouth,  and 
to  be  dirty  and  not  to  bathe.  If  their 
hands  become  full  of  dirt,  they  will 
not  wash  them,  or  consider  themselves 
impore  ;  and  on  these  accounts,  all 
other  Hindoos,  who  believe  in  a  God 
of  justice,  and  the  rewards  and  pains 
of  eternity,  abhor  this  sect,  and  do  not 
think  it  right  to  associate  with  them, 
or  eTen  to  speak  to  them." 

"The  Brahmuns  also  are  an  an- 
cient caste,  which,  according  to  the 
Bed,  are  thought  to  have  remained  pure 
from  the  creation  of  the  world,  but 
do  not  attend  to  those  systems 
which  other  sects  have  chosen  for  their 
rule." 

"They  do  not  receive  a  man  of  any 
other  sect  into  their  caste,  however  he 
may  wish  it ;  nor  would  a  Brahmun, 
having  forsaken  their  way  and  chosen 
another  caste,  be'readmitted  into  their 
body,  though  he  should  seek  their 
fellowship  with  the  most  earnest 
prayers. 

"  In  this  caste  there  are  four  Aarum 
or  Ayeen,  (sects  or  tribes,) 

1st.  The  Bruhmuchutj,  who  never 
marry,  and  occupy  themselves  in  the 
study  of  physical  and  moral  philo- 
sophy. 

"  2nd.  The  Girhiaii,  or  house- 
holders, who  marry  and  rear  fami- 
lies, and  occupy  themselves  in  worldly 
matters. 

"3rd.  The  Banupnuthi,  or  ancho- 
rites, who,  when  they  are  middle-aged 
and  fathers  of  children,  leave  their 
families  and  go  into  the  woods  with 
their  wives,  and  live  in  penance  and 
devotion,  eating  nothing  but  fruits. 

"  4th.  The  Sunyaaet,  who  cut  tliem- 
selTes  off  from  all  family  connexions, 
and  occupy  themselves  in  severe  au- 
sterities." 

"And  the  four  Barun  or  Hindoo 
castes  are, 

ist.  The  Brahmuns,  who  occupy 
themselves  chiefly  in  reading  the  Bed, 
and  the  study  of  science. 

"  2nd.  The  Chhutree$,  who  rule  and 
administer  the  laws,  as  rajas  or 
magistrates ;  and  conduct  military 
matters,  as  riyas,  officers,  or  sepoys. 

"3rd.  The  Baiae$,  whose  occupa- 
tion it  commerce,  trade,  dealing,  and 
btnJuDg."    Tlify  ftre  the  bam«iit«  or 


merchants,  who  act  as  factors  to  the 
East  India  Company ;  and  carry  on 
most  of  the  Hindoo  trade. 

"4th.  The  Soodurs,  who  are  servants 
to  the  other  three  castes." 

Of  the  four  castes,  the  Brahmuns 
are  said  to  have  originated  from  the 
mouth  of  Brahma,  the  Chhutrees  from 
his  arms,  the  Baises  from  his  body, 
and  the  Soodurs  from  his  feet;  and 
therefore  the  Brahmuns  teach,  the 
Chhutrees  defend  and  rule,  the  Baises 
enrich  the  state  by  commerce,  and  the 
Soodurs  serve. 

In  the  account  of  the  Bairagees,  the 
writer  of  the  Selections  speaks  of  Ram, 
the  seventh  incarnation  or  avatar  of  the 
godVishnoo.  The  Hindoos  believe  that 
there  will  be  ten  of  these  avutars,  and 
that  one  of  them  will  be  assumed  in 
later  times  at  Hurmundir,  now  a  place 
of  pilgrimage  in  the  old  city  of  Sum- 
bhul,  about  eighty  miles  north-east  of 
Delhi.  In  the  account  of  the  Joghees 
he  alludes  to  their  alchemy,  by  which 
they  make  gold  from  ashes ;  and,  in 
the  geographical  part  of  the  Selections, 
he  says,  that  in  Bushbhur  there  is 
much  gold,  the  cause  of  which  is  said 
to  be  that  the  philosopher's  stone  is 
frequently  found  in  the  gravel  of  its 
soil,  and  iron  and  copper  become 
golden  by  touching  it,  and  that  the 
inhabitants  are  cunning  enough  to 
shoe  horses  and  oxen,  and  send  them 
to  graze  on  the  hills,  whence  they 
walk  home  after  some  time  on  gold 
shoes. 

Yours,&c.     W.  Barnes. 


Mr.  Urban,    Dorchester,  Sept.  4. 

THE  observations  which  your  cor- 
respondent Pedridan  made  in  your 
Magazine  for  September  on  the  Saxon 
character  of  the  dialect  of  Devonshire, 
have  induced  me  to  send  you  a  few  on 
that  of  my  native  county,  Dorsetshire. 

This  dialect,  which  is  purer  and 
more  regular  than  that  which  has  been 
adopted  as  the  national  speech,  is,  I 
think,  with  little  variation,  that  of 
most  of  those  western  parts  of  Eng- 
land  which  were  included  in  the  king- 
dom of  the  IVest  Saxons,  and  has  come 
down  by  independent  descent  from  the 
Saxon  dialect  which  our  forefathers, 
the  followers  of  Cerdic  and  Cynric, 
Porta,  Stuf,  and  Wihtgar,  brought 
from  the  South  of  Denmark,  and  the 
Sazoo  islanda  Nordi trand,  Buien^  and 


32 


![%e  S(Ufw  Dialed  of  DanetiJdre. 


[Jan. 


Heiligoland.  It  is  a  broad,  bold,  rustic 
shape  of  the  English,  as  the  Doric  was 
of  the  Greek ;  rich  in  humour,  strong 
in  raillery,  powerful  in  hyperbole,  and 
altogether  as  fit  a  vehicle  of  rustic 
feeling  and  thought  as  the  Doric  is 
found  in  the  Idyllia  of  Theocritus. 

But  to  take  up  the  subject  of  my 
letter — its  affinity  with  the  Saxon.  It 
is  very  remarkable  as  retaining  in  the 
perfect  participle  of  verbs  a  mfllabic 
augment  which  is  found  in  Anglo- 
Saxon  and  German,  though  the  Eng- 


lish has  lost  it.  In  German  this  aug- 
ment is  ge,  as  o^-hangen,  hung — ^from 
hangen,  to  hang;  o^-sungen,  sung — 
from  singen,  to  sing ;  Qn-sehen,  seen—* 
from  sehen,  to  see. 

In  Saxon  it  is  oe  or  a,  the  latter  of 
which  is  that  retained  in  Dorsetshire, 


as 


He've  A'lost  his  hatchet. 
He  has  lost  his  ax. 

He've  A.'Vound  his  boss. 
He  has  found  his  horse. 


A.-Saxon.  Paulus  QE-hunden  wearth  0E-aefu2  to  Rome.    Sax.  Chr.  A.D.  50. 
DoasBT.      Paul      A-bound    wer         A-zent  to  Rome. 

A.-Saxoi?.  Simon  se  apostle  wss  A-hangen,     Sax.  Chr.  A.D.  90. 
DoRSBT.      Simon  the  'possle  wer  A-hang'd, 

A.*Saxon.  Cenwalh  cing  waes  A-dfyven  of  his  rice.     Sax.  Chr.  A.D.  645. 
Dorset.      King  Kenwalh  wer     A-drove  vrom  his  kingdom. 

The  present  tense  indicative  mood  sing,  of  the  verb  to  be  is, 

Dorset*  A.-Saxon. 

I  be  Ic  beo 

Thou  hist  Thu  byst 

He  is  He  ys. 

Against  is  in  the  Dorset  dialect  and  Anglo-Saxon  agien. 

The  demonstrative  pronoun  that  is  in  the  Dorset  dialect  thick,  with  the  th 
soft,  as  in  the;  and  thick  is  clearly  a  corruption  of  the  A.- Sax.  tkg  ylea,  in 
Scotch  the  ilk,  meaning  the  iame. 

A.-Saxon.  Thy  ylcan  geare  hie  gefuhton  with  Bryttas.    Sax.  Chr.  A.D.  519. 
Dorset.      ITiick        year  tha  fought  wi'  the  Britons. 

The  pronoun  thi$  is  in  the  Dorset  dialect  thiez  and  in  A.-Sax.  theos 
him  en  bine 

a  plough  (aratrum)  a  zul  sul 

a  woodpigeon  a  woodculver  culfer,  a  dove. 


The  word  rather,  as  in  the  expres- 
sion I  would  rather  die  than  do  such 
an  action,  means,  sooner  or  earlier, 
and  is  the  comparative  degree  of  an 
adverb  rathe,  which  is  lost  from  na- 
tional English,  though  in  the  vale  of 
Blackmore — natale  solum  meum — the 
txpression  "  I  wer  up  rathe  this  mar- 
ncn,"  for  "  I  was  up  early  this  morn- 
ing," is  in  common  use. 

To  drong  is  in  Dorset  to  crowd  or 
press,  as  arangen  is  in  German  ;  and 
a  hangen  is  the  slope  or  side  of  a  hill, 
which  the  Germans  call  abhang. 

Many  verbs  that  are  irregular  in  the 
national  language  are  conjugated  regu- 
larly in  the  dialect  of  the  West.  The 
imperfect  tenses  of  the  verbs  blow, 
hUld,  catch,  and  crtno,  for  examples ; 
being  blowed,  builded,  eatched,  and 
CTOwea* 

The  Dorset  dialect^  in  most  cases, 
4 


substitutes  the  diphthongal  sound  ia 
or  ya  for  the  long  a,  as  that  in  tale, 
bake,  cake,  hate,  late,  making  these 
words  tiale,  biake,  kiake,  hiate,  liate ; 
the  very  change  which  the  Spanish 
language  has  made  in  the  same  sound, 
that  of  e  in  many  Italian  words,  such 
as  bene,  certo,  invemo,  serra,  tempo, 
and  vento,  which  are  in  Spanish  bten, 
cierto,  invierno,  sierra,  tiempo,  and 
viento ;  and  in  like  manner  the  o  long 
of  English  words,  such  as  bold,  cold, 
fold,  more,  oak,  and  rove,  is  commonly 
preceded  by  u  in  our  dialect,  in  which 
those  words  become  buold,  cuold,  vuold, 
muore,  woak,  and  mope ;  a  change  of 
which  we  find  examples  in  Italian  in 
such  words  as  buono,  cuore,  luogo,  and 
uomo,  from  the  Latin  bonus,  cor,  locus, 
and  homo,  though  in  these  cases  the  u 
is  not  sounded  so  strongly  as  it  is  in 
the  Dorsetshire  words. 


1840.] 


Defignsfw  tht  Ax>yai  Exchange. 


S3 


The  initial  /  of  English  words  is 
commonly  rejected  for  its  softer  cog- 
Mte  r  in  the  Dorset  dialect,  while  in 
the  Swedish  language/ is  pronounced 
as  V  at  the  end  of  words. 

The  study  of  the  provincial  dialects 


would  open  to  philologists  much  that 
is  vet  unknown  of  the  structure  of 
the  English  language,  and  most  likely 
lead  them  nearer  to  the  true  pronun- 
ciation of  the  Anglo-Saxon. 

Yours,  &c.     W.  Barnes. 


DESIGNS  FOR  THE  ROYAL   EXCHANGE. 

**  A  practicable,  advisable,  and  durable  edifice.'* 

*■         jHitruetioru  of  the  Committee  of  the  Court  of  Common  Council, 


IT  will  be  a  matter  of  surprise  to 
strangers  to  hear  that  all  that  was 
required  for  an  Exchange,  design- 
ed for  the  use  and  ornament  of  the 
first  commercial  city  in  the  world, 
should  be  no  more  than  a  practicable, 
advisable,  and  durable  buildine; 
that,  in  the  instructions  issued  to  the 
artiste  who  were  to  design,  and  the 
judges  who  were  to  decide  upon,  the 
future  structure,  no  mention  should 
be  made  of  the  necessity  of  the  pro- 
jected edifice  being  grand,  magnifi- 
cent, or  ornamental ;  or  that  it  was 
eipected  to  be  worthy  of  the  metropolis 
of  England,  commensurate  with  the  ob- 
ject for  which  it  is  erected,  and,  if  not 
superior  to  every  edifice  of  the  kind, 
at  least  that  it  should  not  be  below 
the  level  of  similar  structures  in  other 
lands.  But,  unfortunately  for  the 
cause  of  the  fine  arts,  in  tne  present 
instance,  as  well  as  in  many  other 
public  structures,  a  sum  so  totally 
inadequate  to  the  erection  of  a  build- 
ing of  sufiicient  importance  to  oc- 
cupy so  excellent  a  site  has  been 
named  as  the  estimate,  that  it  is  out 
of  the  power  of  anv  architect  to  pro- 
duce a  design  which  can  be  deemed  an 
ornament  to  the  metropolis.  With 
these  impediments,  it  will  not  be  sur- 
nrising  if  a  warehouse  should  be 
Doilt  for  the  Exchange  of  Great  Bri- 
tain, and  that  a  Committee  of  the 
Corporation  of  London  may  regard 
such  a  structure  as  a  practicable  and 
advisable  building ;  and  no  one  will  be 
disappointed,  if  the  edifice  raised  under 
such  control  should  appear  rather  like 
a  place  of  meeting  for  a  community  of 
shopkeepers,  than  an  Exchange  for  a 
city  of  merchants. 

Three  architects,  in  high  practice, 
were  engaged  to  inspect  the  plans,  de- 
signs, and  specifications  sent  in,  with 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII, 


the  view  of  selecting  the  five  best  de- 
signs, in  conformity  with  the  instruc- 
tions issued  by  the  Committee,  and 
which  could  be  erected  for  the  sum 
of  £150,000. 

The  gentlemen  appointed  to  this 
arduous  duty.  Sir  Robert  Smirke,  Mr. 
Joseph  Gwilt,  and  Mr.  Hardwick, 
proceeded  with  great  fairness  to  the 
accomplishment  of  their  task,  and 
after  a  careful  examination  of  the  de- 
signs they  conclude  with  an  expres- 
sion  of  regret  that  they  could  not 
submit  for  the  choice  of  the  Commit- 
tee five  designs  which  they  could, 
without  many  changes  in  them,  report 
as  even  practicable,  advisable,  and 
capable  of  being  made  durable  edi- 
fices, in  accordance  with  the  com- 
mon-place ideas  of  the  Committee. 
Nothing  was  said  by  these  gentlemen 
about  grandeur  or  magnificence,  or 
the  necessity  of  the  building  being  an 
ornament  to  the  city  ;  for  which  they 
are  not  to  be  blamed,  as  such  matters 
were  as  foreign  to  their  instructions 
as  they  were  to  the  ideas  of  their 
employers  :  hence,  however,  it  may  be 
deplored  that  the  competition  has  not 
afforded  a  greater  opportunity  for  the 
development  of  talent  and  the  display 
of  genius,  the  deficiency  must  be 
mainly  attributed  to  the  limited  field 
of  operation  allowed  to  the  competitors. 

Still,  the  judges  gave  their  decision 
on  eight  designs,  which,  as  they  report, 
they  have  selected  rather  as  works  of  art 
than  as  designs  which,  in  their  present 
state,  they  could  pronounce  to  be  prac- 
ticable and  capable  of  being  made  du- 
rable edifices.  Five  of  these  designs 
are  ranked  in  a  first  class,  as  buildings 
which  might,  perchance,  be  executed 
for  £150,000,  with  the  above  qualifi- 
cation. These  designs  we  will  pro- 
ceed to  notice  in  the  first  instance. 

F 


34 


Designs  for  the  Royal  Exchange. 


[JaD* 


The  first  of  the  chosen  subjects.  No. 
36,  is  by  Mr.  Grellier.  How  this  pro- 
duction could  have  been  selected  for 
pre-eminence  as  a  work  of  art,  is  one 
of  the  many  extraordinary  circum- 
stances attendant  on  the  competition. 
It  appears  to  be  a  large  structure,  as 
common-  place  as  any  building  could  be. 
A  clumsy  square  tower  rises  at  one  end, 
and  at  the  other,  which  is  the  prin- 
pal  front,  is  a  six-columned  portico, 
the  entablature  of  which,  instead  of 
being  crowned  with  a  pediment,  is 
borne  down  by  a  heavy  and  unsightly 
attic,  and  which  attic  is  most  oddly 
decorated  with  some  very  uncouth- 
looking  ornaments, — the  entire  com- 
position appearing  like  a  reminiscence 
of  the  old  front,  after  the  unsightly 
alterations  made  in  the  original  ar- 
chitecture when  the  new  tower  was 
built.  It  would  seem  as  if  the  de- 
signer had  contemplated  the  preser- 
vation of  some  of  the  old  rubbish  in 
his  new  structure ;  and,  in  furtherance 
of  this  object,  to  have  ornamented  the 
face  of  the  attic  wall  with  shields  of 
arms,  and  stuck  on  the  parapet,  wings 
and  other  objects  incompatible  with 
the  columns  below  them.  What  could 
induce  Messrs.  Smirke,  Gwilt,  and 
ITardwick  to  discover  in  an  Italian 
portico,  without  the  least  semblance 
of  a  classical  character,  decorated, 
moreover,  with  heraldic  insignia, 
anything  like  a  work  of  art,  is  yet  to  be 
learned.  'J'hc  interior  is  a  court,  sur- 
rounded bv  a  naked  Tuscan  arcade, 
something  like  the  old  one,  but  des- 
titute of  the  richness  of  its  decora- 
tions. To  this  design  the  Committee 
has  awarded  the  premium  of  i:'300. 

The  next  in  succession  is  No.  43, 
by  M.  Chateauneuf. 

This  design,  to  which  the  first  pre- 
mium of  ;^200  was  awarded,  is  one  of 
those  productions  which  possess  so 
little  of  character  that  it  is  difilcult  to 
say  for  what  they  are  intended.  It  is 
a  large  building,  with  a  very  high 
roof,  having  more  the  air  of  a  theatre 
than  any  other  structure  we  can  name. 
The  decorative  portions  are  very  plain  ; 
the  elevation  is  in  two  stories,  with 
an  arcade  to  the  first,  the  second  being 
formed  into  divisions  by  antae.  The 
principal  front  has  aquaker-like  plain- 
ness,  and  the  whole  appears  to  be  the 


work  of  a  cantious  and  almost  timid 
hand,  fixed  to  rules,  and  afraid  to 
venture  an  idea  of  its  own.  Though 
far  above  the  first  as  a  work  of  art,  it 
is  equally  far  from  possessing  the  cha- 
racter of  a  Royal  Exchange,  or  being 
of  sufficient  importance  for  the  Ex- 
change of  London. 

No.  37,  by  Mr.  Sydney  Smirke,  which 
obtained  the  second  premium  of  200/. 
is  in  far  better  taste  than  either  of  the 
two  designs  which  are  placed  before 
it.  The  architecture  is  not  unlike 
that  of  Goldsmiths'  Hall.  The  area 
is  a  parallelogram  with  a  surrounding 
corridor :  the  elevation  is  made  into 
three  stories,  fronted  by  a  single  range 
of  columns.  The  order  is  Corinthian. 
The  principal  front,  which  looks  upon 
the  west,  is  ornamented  with  a  noble 
ten-columned  portico  crowned  with  a 
pediment.  The  lateral  fronts  have 
engaged  columns  in  the  centre.  It  has 
no  tower. 

As  a  work  of  art  this  design  is  de- 
cidedly far  aboye  either  of  the  others 
selected.  Although  there  is  nothing 
very  original  in  the  composition,  it 
presents  great  grandeur,  and  shews 
more  of  an  architectural  character  than 
either  of  the  others.  However,  the 
want  of  a  tower  greatly  mars  the 
magnificence  of  the  design. 

The  above  are  the  three  first  of  the 
five  designs  (mentioned  in  the  Report). 
The  remaining  two,  included  in  the  first 
class,  and  which  received  no  premium, 
are  the  following. 

No.  33,  said  to  be  the  production  of 
Messrs.  Wyatt  and  Brandon.  This 
is  a  respectable  structure,  without  any 
thing  very  striking  in  its  appearance. 
The  architecture  is  Palladian  —  the 
best  portion  being  the  arcade  which 
surrounds  the  oblong  square  court  ap- 
propriated to  the  merchants.  The 
arches  are  sprung  from  piers,  ac- 
companied by  columns  :  and  the  de- 
sign is  not  inelegant.  The  tower  is 
rather  insignificant. 

No.  51.  Attributed  to  Mr.  Penne- 
thorne,  is  a  Grecian  design,  and,  in 
common  with  most  of  the  modern 
productions  in  this  style,  is  distin- 
guished by  an  affectation  of  simplicity. 
At  the  principal  front  is  a  six-columned 
portico,  behind  which  rises  a  huge 
square  tower,  plain  almost  to  naked- 


N 


1840.1 


Defignsfor  the  Royal  Exchange. 


35 


for  the  greater  portion  of  its  ele- 
Mi«   and  finished  by  a  structure 

BDoaed  of  twenty  columns  arranged 
ia  the  aame  plan  as  the  tower,  and 
samoaoted  by  an  entablature.  A 
ihofft  distance  below  these  columns 
appears  a  group  of  sculpture  in  a  pe- 
dmental  wan,  looking  like  an  expe- 
ruBcatai  afterthought,  to  relieve  the 
barreancss  of  the  structure. 

Thecoart.  in  the  interior,  is  very 
cold  and  heaTy ;  it  is  quadrangular, 
and  sorroonded  by  a  corridor,  which  is 
leparated  from  the  area  by  large 
iqpare  piers,  crowned  by  an  entablature 
with  chapleta  in  the  style  of  the  cho- 
ngic  moniuneot  of  Thrasybulus.  The 
court  has  an  air  of  gloom  and  melan- 
choly even  in  the  drawing;  it  will  be 
easy  to  conceive  what  would  be  the 
effect  of  it  on  a  November  aflernoon, 
just  at  the  closing  of  the  Exchange 
during  a  heavy  London  fog. 

The  second  class  of  designs  com- 
prdiends  three  others,  the  cost  of 
which  the  umpires  assume  would 
vastly  exceed  the  sum  fixed  upon,  but 
which  exhibit  great  talent,  and  are 
cooiidered  to  be  the  work  of  clever 
trtiata,  but  in  which  they  consider 
many  essential  particulars  have  been 
sacrificed  to  grand  architectural  fea- 
tures. 

The  first  of  these  designs.  No.  30, 
is,  we  believe,  the  work  of  Mr.  Do- 
naldson ;  a  very  respectable  design, 
havii^  an  eight-columned  portico  with 
a  pediment  at  the  principal  front.  The 
architecture  is  Corinthian, and  the  entire 
rrder  is  continued  upon  the  secondary 
fronts.  We  really  do  not  see  why  this 
•triictore  is  not  equally  capable  of 
beiBg  executed  for  the  sum  fixed  upon 
with  those  placed  in  the  first  class. 

The  next  design.  No.  46,  is  re- 
ported to  be  the  joint  production  of 
Mr.  Cockercll  and  a  late  pupil,  Mr. 
Richardson.  This,  as  a  work  of  art, 
is  decidedly  the  finest  in  the  exhibi- 
tion  ;  it  possesses  all  the  requisites  of 
a  first-rate  architectural  design.  The 
splendour  of  the  structure,  and  the 
richness  of  its  architectural  deco- 
rations, are  such  as  to  vie  with  rvrn 
Roman  grandeur.  The  main  feature  of 
the  design  is  a  vast  hypxthral  hall, 
upon  the  floorof  which  npcoaan  arcade, 
forming  the  first  btory  of  the  cicva* 


tion ;  the  second  story  is  decorated 
with  series  of  niches  containing 
statues  of  the  English  Sovereigns. 
A  ceiling,  coved  in  the  form  of  a  qua- 
drant of  a  circle,  springs  from  the 
walls ;  the  soffite  is  enriched  with  lo- 
zenge-shaped compartments ;  the  cen- 
tre being  open  to  the  sky,  and  sur- 
rounded by  a  balustrade. 

The  west  front  has  a  six-columned 
portico  of  the  Corinthian  order, 
without  a  pediment,  flanked  by  two 
square  turrets  crowned  with  cupolas, 
of  a  light  and  elegant  character.  With 
all  the  merits  of  this  design,  however, 
it  is  to  be  regretted  that  it  could  not 
be  adequately  executed  for  any  sum 
equal  to  that  proposed  ;  but  it  is  evi- 
dent, from  the  sections,  that  the  mag- 
nificent ceiling  and  many  of  the  por- 
ticos roust  necessarily  be  executed  in 
plaster.  This  defect,  however,  is  not 
to  be  attributed  to  the  ingenious  de- 
signers, but  the  natural  consequence 
of  the  lowness  of  the  estimate  allowed 
for  the  structure. 

No.  27,  by  Mr.  Mocatta.  This  last 
design  in  the  second  class  attracted  a 
greater  share  of  public  attention  dur- 
ing the  exhibition  than  perhaps  any 
other  of  the  subjects.  It  has  since 
been  an  object  of  considerable  interest, 
from  the  circumstance  of  an  eminent 
builder  having,  it  is  said,  undertaken 
to  erect  it  for  the  proposed  estimate  : 
a  fact  which  has  occasioned  the  de- 
signer to  consider  himself  ill-treated 
by  his  design  having  been  placed  in  a 
secondary  class ;  for  which  thc'avowcd 
reason  was,  that  its  cost  would  vastly 
exceed  the  150,000/. 

The  principal  characteristics  of  the 
building  are  an  eminent  degree  of 
lightness  and  airiness  ;  a  play  of  fancy, 
and  a  painter- like  style,  is  observable 
in  the  architecture  ;  it  struck  us,  how- 
ever, as  too  light  for  the  climate  of 
England.  The  design  certainly  displays 
great  genius,  and  is  profusely  decu* 
rated  with  sculpture,  which,  however, 
it  is  presumed  would  be  omitted  in 
the  execution,  and  its  absence  would 
in  consequence  greatly  injure  the  effect 
of  the  entire  edifice. 

The  interior  was  occupied  by  a 
square  area,  surroundi'd  by  an  arcade 
on  the  ground  floor.  The  columns,  of 
the     Ionic    order,    sustain    elliptical 


36 


Designs  for  the  Uoyal  Exchange, 


[Jan. 


arches ;  the  wall  within  the  arcade 
has  niches  intended  to  receive  the  sta- 
tues of  the  Kings ;  the  elevation  over 
the  arcade  has  large  arched  windows, 
the  piers  being  decorated  with  antsc. 
On  the  whole,  this  portion  has  much 
of  the  air  of  the  old  quadrangle. 

The  west  front  has  a  portico  of  eight 
columns,  which,  to  possess  magnifi- 
cence, requires  a  greater  projection 
than  the  designer  has  given  to  it. 

At  each  frontof  the  building  is  alight 
and  beautiful  bell-tower,  of  an  origi- 
nal design  ;  but  we  fear  two  fragile  for 
the  climate  of  England,  and  too  ele- 
gant to  be  exposed  to  the  smoke  and 
dirt  of  the  metropolis.  Each  tower 
is  square  in  plan,  and  composed  of  five 
groups  of  columns,  surmounted  by 
the  entablature,  on  which  are  placed 
eight  very  graceful  female  statues, 
four  of  which  are  in  a  reclining  pos- 
ture, and  the  others  standing  in  grace- 
ful attitudes ;  the  whole  surround  a 
dome,  from  which  rises  a  spiral  rod 
for  a  vane.  There  is  not  much  mean- 
ing to  be  gathered  from  these  figures, 
which  appear  more  fitted  for  a  theatre. 
The  towers  would  lose  much  of  their 
originality,  if  the  statues  were  re- 
moved ;  and  with  so  low  an  estimate, 
we  should  not  expect  to  see  them  ex- 
ecuted. 
We  now  proceed  to  comment  on  several 
of  the  designs,  which  are  passed  over 
without  any  notice  by  the  judges, 
with  the  exception  of  some  general 
censure.  We  have  not  space  to  notice 
every  one  of  the  designs  exhibited, 
but  will  confine  our  observations  to  the 
most  striking. 

No.  48,  we  heard,  was  the  work  of 
Mr.  Shaw,  the  architect  of  St.  Dun- 
stan's  Church,  Christ  Hospital,  &c. 
The  plan  is  very  well  suited  to  the 
site,  and  the  architect  has  aimed  at 
giving  to  his  building  the  air  and 
grandeur  of  a  Roman  amphitheatre. 
The  architecture  is  Palladian,  and  re- 
minded us  strongly  of  the  style  intro- 
duced into  this  country  by  Inigo  Jones. 
The  principal  front  is  ornamented  by 
two  small  but  not  inelegant  bell- 
towers.  The  windows  are  large  and 
spacious,  and  of  that  description  so 
commonly  seen  in  the  works  of  Pal- 
ladio. 

The  building  is  in  three  portions, 
the  central  being  a  large  oval  area. 


surrounded  by  an  arcade,  opening  from 
an  aisle  or  cloister,  fronted  by  an  ar- 
cade. In  the  centre  is  placed  the 
statue  of  King  Charles  the  Second. 
The  exterior  of  this  area  is  a  lofty 
wall,  formed  in  successive  stories, 
each  of  which  has  its  own  ordet 
shewn  in  attached  columns,  in  the 
style  of  the  ancient  amphitheatres. 
We  apprehend  this  subject  to  be  that 
which,  in  the  report  of  the  architects, 
is  described  as  "  a  design  of  great  ar« 
chitectural  magnificence,  in  which 
a  wall  one  hundred  feet  in  height  sur- 
rounds the  area  appropriated  to  the 
meeting  of  the  merchants.  In  this 
latitude,"  (they  add,)  "except  about 
the  summer  solstice,  and  then  only  for 
a  few  days,  the  sun's  rays  would  never 
fall  on  the  pavement  of  the  area,  and 
in  the  winter  solstice  they  would 
scarcely  reach  the  top  of  the  arcades." 
We  think  this  censure  admits  of  some 
qualification,  and  might  be  obviated  by 
lowering  the  wall  a  few  feet.  The  ge- 
neral magnificence  of  the  design  should 
atone  for  this  minor  defect,  and  we 
feel^ccrtain  that  no  one  of  the  proposed 
structures  possesses  greater  merit  and 
is  better  suited  for  the  purpose :  the 
only  one  in  the  collection  which  can 
compete  with  it  is  that  attributed  to 
Messrs.  Cockerell  and  Richardson,  but 
which  in  its  present  state  is  far  more 
difficult  of  execution  on  a  reasonable 
estimate  than  the  present  design. 

No.  22  is  said  to  be  designed  by 
Mr.  Davies.  The  entire  structure  has 
too  much  the  air  of  a  church,  and  the 
tower  in  particular  strikingly  resem- 
bles that  of  the  church  built  by  Sic 
John  Soane  in  Marylebone  parish. 
There  are  colonnades  at  the  principal 
and  lateral  fronts,  and  the  area  is  cir- 
cular, the  elevation  being  formed  in 
two  stories  ;  on  the  ground  floor  is  an 
arcade  and  a  corridor ;  the  upper 
story  being  ornamented  with  ants. 
The  idea  of  a  circular  space  for  the 
merchants  is  very  good,  and  we  are 
not  a  little  surprised  to  find  that  it 
has  been  adopted  by  so  few  of  the  com- 
petitors. 

No.  31,  attributed  to  Mr.  Bunning. 

It  differs  from  many  other  designs 
in  this  striking  particular.  The 
principal  front  towards  the  west 
is  in  the  form  of  a  semicircle,  and 
is  fronted  by  a  colonnade  of  the  Co- 


^ 

\ 


1840.3 


Sir  Smnuel  Take,  and  Mr.  Charles  Tooke. 


37 


linthian  order.  There  is  great  beauty 
in  the  form,  and  the  effect  we  consider 
would  be  good  if  it  were  executed, 
the  form  being  very  well  suited  to  the 
site. 

The  tower  is  an  extraordinary  fea- 
ture and  by  no  means  pleasing :  the 
lower  part  is  a  dome  on  the  in- 
tidt,  covered  by  a  cone,  in  imita- 
tation  of  St.  Paul's.  It  would  have  been 
aa  well  if  it  had  been  surrounded  by  a 
cupola,  like  the  original ;  but,  in  lieu 
of  this,  the  architect  has  raised  upon 
it  a  pyramidal  structure  of  columns, 
until  It  assumes  the  appearance  of  a 
spire.  The  whole  structure  gives  an 
idea  of  an  awkwardly  executed  attempt 
at  gaining  height. 

We  expected  to  have  seen  the  idea 
of  a  covered  area  for  the  meeting 
place  of  the  merchants  a  leading  fea- 
ture in  the  designs  ;  this,  however,  has 
been  adopted  in  very  few  instances. 
In  one,  a  vast  hall  is  constructed  for 
the  purpose,  and  in  which  groups  of 
columns  are  made  to  support  a  cupola, 
the  soffit  of  which  is  ribbed,  each  alter- 
nate interval  being  pierced  ;  externally 
a  larger  dome  is  formed,  inclosing  the 
whole.  The  raising  of  the  dome  on  co- 
lumns gives  an  idea  of  insecurity,  but 
the  ventilation  of  the  vast  apartment 
seems  to  be  very  ingeniously  provided 
for. 

The  result  of  the  competition  ap- 
pears to  be  very  unsatisfactory  :  the 
three  designs  which  had  the  fortune  to 
be  chosen  above  their  rivals  seero, 
after  all,  to  be  likely  to  meet  with  re- 
jection, and  it  was  at  one  time  reported 
that  two  well-known  architects  were 
actively  engaged  in  making  a  design 
of  their  own  to  supersede  the  chosen 
subjects.  That  this  idea  originated  in 
mere  rumour  there  can  be  little  doubt, 
as  it  is  evident  no  man  of  honour  or 
credit  would  have  stooped  to  so  mean  a 
transaction ;  yet  if  such  an  idea  had 
been  carried  into  execution,  it  would 
not  have  been  without  utility,  as  it 
would  have  gone  far  to  open  the  eyes  of 
the  profession  to  the  evils  of  competition . 
It  would  seem  that  some  foresight  of 
an  occurrence  of  this  kind  had  led  to 
the  production  of  the  drawing  num- 
bered 4 1 ;  which  appears  to  be  the  pro- 
duction of  some  wag,  who  doubtless 
held  competition  in  the  same  repute 
at  a  burnt  child  is  said   to   regard 


the  fire,  and  who  has  ventured  up- 
on a  quiz  on  the  entire  subject. 
His  design  is  a  caricature  rude 
enough,  it  is  true,  but  not  with- 
out some  concealed  pictorial  satire. 
He  has  a  tower  exactly  the  model  of 
that  which  is  raised  upon  Christ 
Church,  Marylebone,  and  in  the  tri- 
glyphs  of  his  Doric  there  is  something 
very  like  the  cloves  and  allspice  in  the 
back  entrance  to  a  well-known  civic 
hall.  This  drawing  is  evidently  intended 
for  a  joke ;  but  when  the  results  of  so 
many  competitions  have  turned  out 
so  decidedly  unsatisfactory — when  the 
finest  designs  are  sent  back  to  slum- 
ber in  their  maker's  portfolios,  it  may 
not  be  an  assumption  of  too  great 
foresight  to  predict  that  the  time  is 
not  far  distant  when  such  subjects 
as  No.  41  will  be  all  that  a  competi- 
tion will  produce. 

At  present,  then.'thcquestion  of  the  de- 
sign of  the  Royal  Exchange  isundecided. 
We  feel  certain  that  every  lover  of  the 
fine  arts  will  join  with  us  in  trusting 
that  the  subject  will  undergo  further 
consideration,  that  a  larger  sum  will 
be  granted,  and  that  the  metropolis 
will  not  be  allowed  to  be  degraded  by 
the  addition  of  another  building  to  the 
many  mean,  common-place,  unsightly 
structures  with  which  it  is  at  present 
disfigured. 


Mtt.  Urban,     AtAetKeum,  Dec.  17. 

YOUR  correspondent  A.  Z.  in  his 
interesting  memorial  of  the  Tookes, 
appears  to  have  lost  sight  of  two  con- 
temporary worthies  of  that  family. 
Sir  Samuel  Tuke  of  Cressing  Temple, 
Essex,  Bart,  who  was  killed  at  the 
battle  of  the  Boyne,  and  was  a  lineal 
descendant  of  Sir  Bryan  Tuke  of  Layer 
Marney,  in  the  same  county,  temp.  Hen. 
Vlll.  ;  and  Charles  Tooke,  son  of  the 
elder  Benjamin  Tooke,  and  a  writer  of 
some  merit  in  the  collection  of  Poeti- 
cal Miscellanies,  1712,  &c.  The  fol- 
lowing poems  in  that  collection  have 
his  name  attached  to  them. 

1.  To  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Geo.  Rooke, 
Vice  Admiral  of  England,  at  his  return 
from  his  glorious  enterprise  near  Vigo, 
1702.— This  is  well  written,  and  con- 
cludes a  well -sustained  panegyric  on 
the  Hero  (whose  name,  by  the  bye,  it 
has  been  said  was  originally  Tooke, 


38 


The  Marriage  of  King  Edward  IV. 


[Jan. 


but  that  he  changed  the  iDitial  letter 
owing  to  some  family  feud)  with  the 
following  neat  couplet : 

Virtue  like  solid  gold  securely  shines, 
Nor  needs  the  gaudy  varnish  of  our  lines. 

2.  Imitation  of  the  23rd  Ode  of 
Anacreon,  On  gold,  to  a  raiser. 

3.  Part  of  the  14th  book  of  Homer. 
In  this  is  described  the  contrivance  of 
Juno  to  lull  Jupiter  asleep,  that  Nep- 
tune may  in  the  mean  time  assist  the 
Greeks. 

4.  To  Lesbia. 

5.  The  Stolen  Kiss. 

G.  ITie  Wedding  Night. 

7.  The  State  of  Nature,  a  Poem. 

The  ancient  Barony  of  II  oo  and 
Hastings,  created  24  Henry  VI.  in  the 
person  of  Thomas  Hoo,  who  died  with- 
out issue,  there  is  reason  to  believe  is 
in  abeyance  in  the  family  of  Toke  of 
Godinton,  as  John  Toke  of  Beere 
married  Joyce,  only  daughter  of  Sir 
Thomas  Hoo,  brother  to  the  Lord 
Hoo,  from  which  marriage  the  Rev. 
Nicholas  Toke  the  present  possessor 
of  Godinton,  is  lineally  descended. 

Such  further  light  as  any  corres- 
pondent of  yours  could  throw  upon 
this  subject  would  be  very  accept- 
able. 

Yours,  &c.     Cantianus. 


THE  MARRIAGE   OF  KING  EDWARD  IV. 

AVE  find  that,  in  the  Review  of 
"Warkworth's  Chronicle,"  in  our 
last  number,  we  were  very  incorrect 
in  stating  that  the  marriage  of  King 
Edward  the  Fourth  with  Elizabeth 
Wydvillc,  at  Grafton,  was  unnoticed 
by  the  county  historian.*  We  made 
this  observation  too  hastily,  on  finding 
the  circumstance  not  mentioned  in 
Mr.  Baker's  general  history  of  the 
honour  of  Grafton,  at  p.  163;  but  a 
few  pages  onward  there  is  a  memoir 
of  Elizabeth  Widcville,  as  a  native  of 
the  parish,  from  which  we  now  beg  to 
make  the  following  extract : 

*'  Elizabeth  Wideville,  the  ancestress  of 
the  Royal  family,  and   the  first   British 


*  We  are  glad  to  have  this  opportunity 
to  announce  that  Part  V.  of  this  escelleut 
Work  is  now  in  the  press,  and  will  appear 
in  the  course  of  next  year. 


female  subsequent  to  the  Nonntn  Con- 
quest who  shared  the  throne  of  her  fore- 
reign,  was  the  eldest  dtugfater  of  Richard 
Earl  Rivers,  and  born  at  Grafton ;  or,  as 
Fuller  quaintly  observesi  '  sore  I  am,  if 
this  Grafton  saw  her  not  firtt  a  chUd,  it 
beheld  her  first  a  Queen,  when  married  to 
King  Edward  the  Fourth.' 

*'  Her  first  husband  was  Sir  John  Grey  of 
Groby,  who  fell  in  the  prime  of  life,,  at 
the  second  battle  of  St.  Alban^s,  17th  Feb. 
1460-1,  (39  Hen.  VI.}  leaving  two  infant 
sons,  Thomas,  afterwards  Marquess  of 
Dorset,  and  Richard.  Being  a  zealous 
Lancasterian,  his  estates  were  confiscated 
by  the  victorious  Edward,  and  his  widow 
returned  to  her  paternal  home  at  Grafton. 
In  the  beginning  of  the  year  1464,  the 
King,  having  no  longer  any  enemy  to 
dread,  turned  his  attention  to  a  suitable 
alliance,  and  the  Earl  of  Warwick  was 
despatched  to  Paris  to  negotiate  a  mar- 
riagd  with  Bona  of  Savoy,  sister  of  the 
Queen  of  France.  His  mission  was  suc- 
cessful ;  but  .in  the  meantime  Edward, 
whilst  hunting  in  Whittlebury  forest,  be- 
came enamoured  of  the  Lady  Grey,  and 
sacrificed  State  policy  to  love.  Their  first 
interview,  according  to  Holinshed  and 
other  chroniclers,  took  place  at  Grafton 
house,  where  Edward  repaired  after  the 
chase  to  visit  the  Duchess  of  Bedford  and 
Lord  Rivers ;  but  this  is  scarcely  consist- 
ent with  probability,  as  they  were  adhe- 
rents of  the  rival  rose  ;  and  the  popular 
tradition  of  the  neighbourhood  is,  that 
the  lovely  widow  sought  the  young  mo- 
narch in  the  forest  for  the  purpose  of  pe- 
titioning for  the  restoration  of  her  hus- 
band's lands  to  her  and  her  impoverished 
children,  and  met  him  under  the  tree 
still  known  by  the  name  of  the  Quekn*s 
Oak,  which  stands  in  the  direct  line  of 
communication  from  Grafton  to  the  fo- 
rest, and  now  rears  its  hollow  trunk  and 
branching  arms  in  a  hedge-row  between 
Pury  and  Grafton  parks.  Ignorant  of  the 
King's  person,  she  inquired  of  the  young 
stranger  if  he  could  direct  her  to  him ; 
when  he  told  her,  he  himself  was  the  ob- 
ject of  her  search.  She  threw  herself  at 
his  feet,  and  implored  his  compassion. 
He  raised  her  from  the  ground  with  as- 
surances of  favour,  and,  captivated  with 
her  person  and  manners,  accompanied  her 
home,  and  in  his  turn  became  a  suitor  for 
favours  she  refused  to  grant  at  the  price 
of  honour. 

'*  Finding  her  virtue  inflexible,  he  yielded 
to  the  force  of  passion,  and  came  from 
Stony  Stratford  to  Grafton  early  in  the 
morning  of  the  first  of  May  04^)4),  and 
«rru  privately  married  there  by  a  priest, 
no  on«  being  present  cAcept  the  boy  whQ 


I84i.] 


2%«  Orthography  of  Shahespeare. 


39 


■AM,  tlie  Duchess  of  Bedford, 
of  hat  geDilewomen.  In  a  few 
he  fctenied  to  Stratford,  and  re- 
tired to  Iw  Camber,  as  if  he  had  been 
kwiiiBf  aad  fiitigaed  with  exercise.  A 
slMMt  time  after,  he  invited  himself  to 
spend  a  few  days  with  Lord  Rivers  at 
GraftiNB,  and  was  splendidly  entertained 
there  for  four  days;  bnt  the  marriage  was 
Icept  a  profound  secret.  £dward  was  only 
twenty-two  years  of  age  when  he  formed 
this  impolitic  and  imprudent  connexion, 
who  at  first  had  not  resolution  to  brave 
the  bunt  of  dissatisfaction  to  which  he 
foieeaw  it  would  give  rise  amongst  all 
rismra  of  his  subjects ;  but,  weary  of  con- 
straiat,  he  publicly  avowed  his  marriage 
on  Ifiehedmas  day  following,  when  Eli- 
nbeth  being  led  by  the  Duke  of  Clarence 
in  solemn  pomp  to  the  chapel  of  the 
Abbey  of  Reading  in  Berkshire,  was  de- 
clarea  Queen,  and  received  the  compli- 
ments of  the  nobility,*'  &c. 

With  reference  to  the  remarks  in 
Dec.  p.  617,  on  the  authorship  of 
"  Warkworth's  Chronicle/'  it  should 
hare  been  noticed  that  Mr.  Halliwell, 
in  p.  xxvi.  of  his  Introduction,  states 
that  the  volume  was  presented  by 
Wark worth  to  the  college  in  the  year 
1483.  It  was  shown  that  the  tran- 
scription was  made  in  the  year  1482  ; 
which  certainly  increases  the  proba- 
bility that  it  was  made  especially  for 
Warkworth,  though  it  furnishes  no 
safe  evidence  of  such  having  been  the 
fact. 


Mu.  Urban,  i>ec.  17. 

SIR  Frederick  Madden  has  favoured 
us  with  his  observations  on  the  ortho- 
graphy of  the  name  of  our  national 
Bard,  appealing  to  the  poet's  auto- 
graph ;  Mr.  Hallara  in  his  "Introduc- 


tion to  the  Literature  of  Europe,  "that 
map  of  the  intellectual  world,  seems 
inclined  to  adopt  the  "  specious  rea- 
sons" offered  by  Sir  Frederick  Mad- 
den ;  and  posterity  may  be  in  some 
danger  of  losing  the  real  name  of  our 
great  dramatic  poet.* 

In  the  days  of  Shakespeare,  and  long 
after,  proper  names  were  written  down 
as  the  ear  caught  the  sound,  or  they 
were  capriciously  varied  by  the  owner. 
It  is  not,  therefore,  strange  that  we 
have  instances  of  eminent  persons 
writing  the  names  of  intimate  friends, 
and  of  public  characters,  in  a  manner 
not  always  to  be  recognised.  Of  this 
we  are  now  furnished  with  the  most 
abundant  evidence,  which  was  not  suf- 
ficiently adverted  to  in  the  early  times 
of  our  commentators. 

The  autographs  we  possess  of  our 
national  Bard  are  unquestionably 
written  Shakspere,  according  to  the 
pronunciation  of  his  native  town ; 
there  the  name  was  variously  written, 
even  in  the  same  public  document, 
but  always  regulated  by  the  dialecti- 
cal  orthoepy.  The  marriage  licence  of 
the  poet,  recovered  in  your  Magazine 
for  September,  1836,  offers  a  striking 
evidence  of  the  viciousness  of  the  pro- 
nunciation, and  the  utter  carelessness 
with  which  names  were  written,  for 
there  we  find  it  Shaospere. 

That  the  Poet  himself  considered 
that  the  genuine  name  was  Shake- 
speare, accordant  with  his  arms,  (a 
spear,  the  point  upward,)  seems  cer- 
tain, notwithstanding  his  compliance 
with  the  custom  of  his  county  ;  for  his 
"  Rape  of  Lucrece,"  printed  by  himself 
in  1 594,  on  the  first  edition,  now  before 
me,    bears    the    name    of   William 


*  It  would  be  wrong  to  omit  stating,  on  this  occasion,  that  the  opinion  of  Mr 
Huntei*  (whose  Shakespearian  work  is  so  fully  quoted  in  our  present  Number)  coin- 
rides  with  that  of  our  present  much  esteemed  Correspondent : — "  I  willingly  add  my 
testimony  to  the  genuineness  of  the  Poet's  autograph  ;  but  express  my  dissent  from  Sir 
F.  Maduen*s  proposal  that  the  name  of  Shakespeare  should  be  changed  into  S^ak- 
tjtere.  Sir  F.  Madden  has  overlooked  two  important  points ;  1st,  that  the  practice  in 
writing  of  the  individual  is  not  the  proper  guide  to  what  should  be  the  present  ortho- 
graphy. If  it  were,  we  must  read  f  Jray  and  Grayc  for  Grey  ;  for  Lady  Jane  Grey  wrote 
Joanna  Graia,  and  her  sister,  Mary  Grayc ;  when  the  wife  of  I^ord  (r.  Dudley,  she 
wrote  Dnddly  or  Duddeley.  2dly,  in  the  time  of  Shake8))eare,  there  was  the  utmost 
indilTerence  in  respect  of  the  orthography  of  proper  names  ;  of  the  name  Shakespeare 
itself,  there  are  at  least  ten  or  twelve  various  forms.  Wc  have  Driden  and  Drvden. 
Sir  W.  Raleigh  wrote  Rawleigh,  with  other  variations  in  the  spelling.  The  rule  in 
this  point,  as  in  many  others  pertaining  to  language,  is  the  usat/e  of  persons  of  culti- 
vation. In  the  title-pages  of  his  writings,  his  names  is  Shakespear,  or  Shakespeare  ; 
it  is  so  in  the  folios,  the  quartos,  and  the  monument  at  Stratford.*' — (p.  05.) 


I 


Precedence  of  the  Baronets  o/Nom  Scotia, 


40 

Shakespeare,  as  also  does  the  "  Ve- 
nas  and  Adonis,"  that  "  first  heir  of 
his  invention  : "  these  first  editions  of 
his  juvenile  poetry  were,  doubtlessly, 
anxiously  scrutinised  by  the  youthful 
Bard.  In  the  literary  metropolis  the 
name  was  so  pronounced.  Bancroft 
has  this  allusion  in  his  epigrams : 

"To  Shakespeare. 
«*  Thou  hast  so  used  thy  pen,  or  ihook  thy 

tpearet 
That  poets  startle " 

The  well-known  allusion  of  Robert 
Greene  to  a  shake-ncme  confirms  the 
pronunciation.  I  now  supply  one 
more  evidence,  which  has  not  hitherto 
been  alleged  for  this  purpose,  that  of 
Thomas  Heywood,  the  intimate  of 
Shakespeare,  and  his  brother  drama- 
tists :  he,  like  some  others,  has  printed 
the  name  with  a  hyphen.  I  copy  from 
the  volume  open  before  me  : 

*<  Mellifluous  Shake-speare,*' — 

**  Hierarchie  of  Angels,*'  206. 
George  Hardinge's  "  Essences  of 
Malone,"  are  an  infelicitous  specimen 
of  satirical  humour ;  but  there  lies 
some  curious  knowledge  amid  the  heap 
of  peevish  nonsense,  and  in  the  second 
part,  p.  112,  we  find  the  most  ample 
evidence  how  the  name  was  written 
and  pronounced  in  London  in  the  days 
of  Shakespeare. 

1  rejoice  that  the  most  able  writer 
on  our  dramatic  history,  Mr.  Payne 
Collier,  has  adopted  the  genuine  name, 
as  also  the  judicious  Mr.  Dyce.  I 
■  here  enter  my  protest :  while  a  drop  of 
ink  circulates  in  my  pen,  I  shall  ever 
loyally  write  the  name  of  Shake- 
speare. 

The  question  now  resolves  itself  into 
this  : — Is  the  name  of  our  great  bard 
to  descend  to  posterity  with  the  bar- 
baric curt  shock  of  Shakspere,  the 
twang  of  a  provincial  corruption  ;  or, 
following  the  writers  of  the  Elizabe- 
than age>  shall  we  maintain  the  resto- 
ration of  the  euphony  and  the  truth  of 
the  name  of  Shakespeare  ? 
Yours,  &c. 

The  Author  op 
*'  Curiosities  of  Literature." 


[Jan. 


Mr.  Urban,  Dec,  18. 

IN  a  mixed  society,  I  heard  lately 
the    question  raised.    What    is    the 
rank  of  Baronets  of  Nova  Scotia  when 
5 


they  come  into  England  ?  I  was  sur- 
prised at  the  doubt,  having  always 
assumed,  that,  by  the  analogy  of  the 
case  of  Peers  of  Scotland,  they  would, 
from  and  after  the  date  of  the  Act  of 
Union,  take  rank  immediately  after 
those  of  their  own  class  bearing  Eng- 
lish honours.  The  rights  of  Peers  are 
secured  by  §  22,  23  of  7  Ann,  c.  11, 
and  1  had  conceived  that  the  rights  of 
Baronets  also  were,  by  some  corres- 
ponding words,  in  like  manner  se- 
cured ;  but,  on  looking  at  the  Act,  I 
see  that,  though  heretable  jurisdictions 
are  guarded  as  rights  of  property,  he- 
ritable honours,  except  those  of  the 
Peerage,  are  not  noticed  ;  and  the  word 
Baronet  does  not,  I  think,  occur  in 
any  part  of  the  Act ;  nor  is  there  any 
provision  therein  which,  even  by  in- 
ference, appears  to  me  to  meet  the 
particular  case.  It  seems,  indeed,  a 
castis  omissus  in  the  Act. 

In  the  difficulty  which  I  felt  on  this 
occasion  I  had  recourse,  as  most  of 
your  readers  in  similar  cases  would 
fiave,  to  the  pages  of  your  Magazine, 
in  order  to  obtain  the  required  authority 
for  the  decision.  I  saw  that,  in  your  No. 
for  May  1791,  Vol.  lxi.  p.  400,  wasa 
query — "  Are  Nova  Scotia  Baronets 
deemed  inferior  in  rank  to  English 
Baronets,  or  not  ?*' — but  to  this  query 
1  found  no  answer,  nor  do  I  trace 
any  revival  of  the  subject  in  the  forty- 
eight  years  which  have  since  elapsed. 
Allow  me  then  to  ask  you,  or  some  of 
your  correspondents,  whether  there  be 
any  and  what  rule  of  right  in  the 
matter?  We  all  know  (I^rd  Balti- 
more knows  it  to  his  cost)  that,  up  to 
the  date  of  the  Union  with  Ireland,  a 
Peer  of  Ireland,  when  he  landed  at 
Holyhead,  became  here  a  commoner. 
I  presume  that  the  same  was  the  case 
with  a  Peer  of  Scotland,  up  to  the  date 
of  the  Union  with  Scotland,  whenever 
he  might  have  crossed  the  Tweed. 

If  the  question  be  not  settled  by  the 
Act  of  Union,  is  there  any  other  autho- 
rity which  can  now  settle  it  ?  It  is 
understood  that  Baronets  are  not  ad- 
mitted to  take,  as  such,  any  place  at  a 
coronation :  is  there  any  other  cere- 
monial in  which  the  rank,  not  of  in- 
dividual Baronets  inter  se,  but  of 
classes  of  Baronets  inter  se,  has  been 
decided  ?  Has  there  ever  been  made 
and  admitted  a  claim  of  the  Senior 


1840.]  Topographical  Notices  of  Southport,  Lancashire. 


41 


Baronet^  for  instance,  of  Nova  Scotia, 
to  take  rank  next  after  a  Baronet  made 
io  April  1707«  and  before  the  Baronet 
made  in  June  1707,  the  Act  of  Union 
becoming  law  in  May  1 707  ? 

If  the  decision  be  unfavourable  to 
the  claim  of  Baronets  of  Nova  Scotia 
to  take  precedence  next  after  the  Ba- 
ronets created  in  or  before  April  1 707, 
it  most  be  equally  hostile  to  their  claim 
to  take  precedence  of  any  Baronet 
created  either  under  the  Great  Seal 
of  Great  Britain,  or  under  the  Great 
Seal  of  the  United  Kingdom ;  and, 
therefore,  if  in  England  they  take  rank 
at  all,  it  must  be  by  courtesy,  and  not 


by  right.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  it 
follows  equally  that,  if  the  Baronets  of 
Nova  Scotia  have  no  claim  co  prece- 
dency in  England,  the  Baronets  of 
England  have  no  claim  to  precedency 
in  Scotland. 

If  any  of  your  correspondents  should 
give  to  this  question  the  honour  of  a 
reply,  I  have  only  to  beg  that  they  will 
not  keep  me  in  suspense  quite  so  long 
as  their  fathers  and  grandfathers  kept 
my  unlucky  predecessor,  when  he 
asked  in  substance  the  same  question 
in  May  1791. 

Yours,  Ace.  T.  Y.  S. 


SOUTHPORT,  IN  THE  PARISH  OF  NORTH  MEOLS,  WITH  THE 

EARLY  HISTORY  OF  THE  PARISH. 


Mr.  Urban, 
THE  name  of  this  place  was  a  few 
years  ago  unknown,  and  was  originally 
given  on  the  occasion  of  opening  the 
first  edifice  erected  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  strangers  at  this  part  of  the 
coast  of  Lancashire.  The  name  of  the 
township  is  South  Hawes,  which  is  a 
portion  of  the  parish  of  North  Mcols, 
or,  as  it  has  at  sundry  periods  been 
called,  Mele,  Mels,  Meales,  Mells, 
and  Meyles.  This  district,  till  lately 
so  obscare,  and  of  which  even  now 
hardly  any  thing  of  its  early  history  is 
generally  known,  is  situate  on  the 
south  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Ribble, 
extending  eight  miles  along  the  coast 
of  the  Irish  sea.  It  would  appear, 
from  the  numerous  shell  beds  and 
marine  substances  found  in  excavating 
at  a  considerable  distance  from  the 
sea,  that  some  change  in  the  direction 
of  the  current  has  taken  place  in  this 
part  of  the  coast,  and  that  the  sands 
which  once  formed  the  beach  of  the 
tea,  and  were  covered  every  tide  with 
its  waters,  are  now  inhabited  by  man. 
It  has  been  matter  of  dispute,  whether 
the  land  or  the  water  are  gaining  upon 
each  in  this  terraqueous  globe,  but  it 
it  certain  that  in  many  places  the 
sea  has  gained  on  the  land,  while  in 
others  there  has  been  a  considerable 


increase  of  dry  land,  and  decrease  of 
the  sea.  In  Kent,  for  instance,  the  sea 
has  retreated  from  the  beach  of  Sand- 
wich, sunk  the  small  estuary  of  Solinus 
into  an  insignificant  current,  and 
converted  a  fine  harbour,  called  by  the 
Romans  Rhutupe,  where  their  fleets 
were  regularly  laid  up,  into  a  valley 
watered  by  a  river.  I  suppose  the 
term  Meols*  to  have  been  given  by  the 
Britons  to  those  sands  which  were 
once  covered  by  the  ocean,  but  from  a 
recession  of  its  waters  in  process  of 
ages  no  longer  subject  to  its  inunda- 
tions. That  there  were  other  places 
so  called  in  this  part  of  the  coast,  is 
evident  from  the  distinction  given  to 
this  parish  of  "  North"  Meols.  There  is 
another  place  to  the  south  of  this  parish 
called  "  Raven  Meols**  in  the  town- 
ship of  Formby;  and  perhaps  North 
Meols  may  have  been  so  called  for  the 
sake  of  distinction.  It  is  probable 
that  the  whole  of  the  country  as  far  as 
Church  Town  and  down  Marshside 
at  one  period  formed  the  beach  of  the 
sea;  after  that,  we  find  moss  and 
marsh.  The  present  beach,  which  is 
smooth  and  hard,  covers  an  immense 
area ;  and,  as  it  afi'orded  facilities  for 
sea-bathing,  was  resorted  to  from  the 
neighbouring  villages  before  any  house 
was  built  at  Southport.    Those  who 


*  The  term  Meales,  or  Males,  has  been  applied  from  time  immemorial  to  the  shehet 
or  bank*  of  iond  on  the  sea  coasts  of  Norfolk  ;  which  some  have  fancifully  derived 
from  two  Greek  words,  fu,  not,  and  oXr,  sea ;  i.  e.  Me-als,  not  sea,  or  no  longer  sea. 
Spelman,  however,  speaking  of  these  sand  heaps,  called  Mealet  in  Norfolk,  derives  the 
name  from  the  Swedish  and  German  **  Mul,"  signifying  dust. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  Xlll.  G 


42 


Topographical  Notices  of  Southpori,  LancasMre. 


[JaD. 


resorted  to  this  coast  for  the  purpose 
of  bathing  took  up  their  abode  at 
Church  Town,  and  were  conveyed  at 
tide  in  such  conveniences  as  could  be 
procured.  As  the  influx  of  company 
however  became  greater,  it  became  de- 
sirable to  obviate  this  inconvenience  ; 
and  the  propriety  of  erecting  a  house 
at  South  Hawes,  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  strangers,  which  was  long  re- 
garded as  a  Quixotic  undertaking,  was 
so  manifestly  connected  with  the  future 
interests  of  this  place,  as  to  call  forth 
individual  enterprise  to  supply  the  want. 
Since  that  time  the  demand  for  accom- 
modation and  the  influx  of  strangers 
have  so  rapidly  increased,  a9  to  make 
new  erections  necessary,  and  each 
succeeding  year  has  added  to  their 
number ;  and  this  place,  which,  within 
the  memory  of  many  of  the  inhabitants, 
was  the  mere  abode  of  fishermen,  is 
now  become  a  magnificent  little  sea- 
bathing village.  Sudden,  however,  as 
has  been  its  rise  to  reputation,  yet,  had 
its  pretensions  to  public  notice  been 
based  on  any  other  foundation  than 
real  merit,  no  effort  could  have  ar- 
rested its  eventual  return  to  its  former 
obscurity,  especially  as  so  many  other 
rival  sea-bathing  places  have  within 
these  few  years  sprung  into  notoriety. 
To  some  the  scenery  of  the  surround- 
ing district  may  have  little  attraction. 
It  is  true  the  wide  extent  of  sands, 
stretching  to  the  North  and  South, 
and,  at  low  water,  seaward  also,  may 
convey  a  dreary  impression  of  bound- 
less solitude  :  but  it  is  this  peculiarity 
of  the  parish  of  North  Meols  that  has 
stamped  upon  it  the  character  of  sa- 
lubrity, for  the  air  is  both  mild  and 
clear,  and  a  reference  to  the  instances 
of  longevity  recorded  in  this  parish 
affords  convincing  proof  how  favor- 
able it  is  to  the  prolongation  of  human 
life. 

The  experience  of  the  numerous 
invalids  who  have  resided  at  South- 
port  in  the  winter,  as  well  as  the  sum- 
mer months,  have  in  my  opinion  put 
this  question  beyond  a  duubt.  But 
the  peculiar*  class  of  cases  most  likely 
to  be  benefited  by  a  residence  here,  is 
a  subject  too  much  of  a  professional 


nature,  and  would  require  too  lengthy 
a  discussion,  for  your  publication  ;  and 
therefore  I  shall  defer  all  further  al- 
lusion to  that  particular  to  a  more 
convenient  season.  The  draining  of 
Martin  Meer,  which  was  formerly  a 
large  pool  or  lake  of  fresh  water,  sur- 
rounded chiefly  by  mosses  or  boggy 
land,  has  had  a  beneficial  effect  on  the 
salubrity  of  the  surrounding  district, 
comprising  not  only  North  Meols,  but 
Scaiisbrick,  Burscough,  Tarleton,  and 
Ruffbrd.  But  without  detaining  your 
readers  with  any  further  remarks  on 
this  part  of  the  subject,  1  will  proceed 
to  the  more  immediate  object  of  my 
paper,  the  early  history  of  the  parish 
of  North  Meols,  so  far  at  least  as  the 
scanty  materials  I  have  been  enabled 
to  glean  permit  me  to  do.  We  have 
no  record  of  any  Roman  remains  in 
this  parish,  though,  if  such  ever  existed, 
they  may  have  long  since  been  buried 
under  those  immense  sand  hills,  the 
accumulation  of  ages.  That  the  river 
Ribble  was  the  Belisama  of  the 
Romans,  is  allowed  by  all  antiquaries, 
with  the  exception  of  Mr.  Whitaker, 
whose  arguments  to  the  contrary 
have  met  with  a  triumphant  refuta- 
tion from  the  pen  of  Dr.  Whitaker,  in 
bis  History  of  Whalley.  It  is  not  a 
little  singular  that  in  Gascony  a 
Roman  inscription  was  noticed  so  far 
back  a§  the  time  of  Selden,  with  this 
dedication, 

"  MINERVE  BELISAME," 
and  Selden  regards  it  as  probable  that 
the  Ribble  may  have  been  so  called  by 
the  Romans,  from  the  adoration  paid 
to  this  goddess  by  the  inhabitants  of 
the  adjacent  district.  He  supposes 
with  Camden  that  the  Saxons  pre- 
fixed the  word  Rhe  (signifying  a  river) 
to  the  Roman  Belisama,  gradually 
changing  it  to  "  Rebel"  or  Ribble,  its 
present  name.  In  this  opinion  I  agree 
with  Selden,  as  well  as  his  etymology 
of  the  word  Belisama,  which  he  con- 
siders of  Syrian  origin,  q*dQ^  rhp^  id 
est,  "Domina  cceli,"  a  title  sometimes 
applied  to  Minerva.  However  this 
may  be,  there  is  reason  to  believe  that 
the  banks  of  this  noble  river  were 
carefully   explored   by  the    Imperial 


*  There  are  no  instances,  in  wHich  the  benefit  of  a  residence  at  Southport  has  been 
more  marked  than  in  infants  and  children,  in  whom  there  is  not  unfrequently  an  im- 
provement in  a  few  weeks. 


\ 


1840.  ]         Topographical  Notices  of  Southport,  Lancashire, 


43 


conqaerors,  and  probably  many  miDor 
military  stations  established,  of  which 
no  vestige  can  now  be  traced,  and  to 
which,  from  their  inferior  importance, 
no  allusion  is  made  in  the  published 
Itinera. 

We  know  at  any  rate  that  the  Saxons 
were  familiar  with  this  coast,  for 
▼arious  Saxon  coins  have  been  dug  up. 
I  am  informed  there  are  valuable 
collections  found  in  other  parts  of  this 
handred,  in  the  cabinets  of  the  re- 
sident gentry.  The  word  Meols  is  a 
Saxon  word  undoubtedly,  and  may 
very  well  be  applied  to  designate  the 
sand  hills  on  this  coast ;  at  any  rate  it 
was  the  name  which  the  Saxons  gave 
to  this  part  of  the  coast  ;  and  the 
following  extracts  from  Domesday 
will  shew  the  state  of  this  part  of  the 
Handred  at  the  era  of  the  conquest. 

'*  Domesday  Book  for  Lancashire,  Sooth 
of  the  Ribble.  Inter  Ripam  et  Mer- 
sham.  Terram  infra  scriptam  tenuit 
Rogerios  Pictaviensis  inter  Ripam  et 
Mersham.  In  Derbei  Hundret. 
"  Three  Thanes  held  Mele  for  three 

manors.      There  is  half  a  hide ;  it  was 

worth  eight  shillings.*' 

A  hide  (according  to  Kelham)  is 
equal  to  six  carucates  in  that  part  of 
Lancashire  between  the  Ribble  and 
the  Mersey,  and  if  we  reckon  a  caru- 
cate  (as  is  generally  done)  as  equal  to 
one  hundred  acres,  we  have  an  account 
of  three  hundred  acres  in  Mele  in  the 
possession  of  three  Thanes,  and  valued 
at  eight  shillings.  Now  at  the  period 
of  the  Conquest  it  is  calculated,  that 
£\,  was  of  the  worth  of  about  j^llO. 
of  our  present  money.  The  annual 
revenue  of  Mele,  therefore,  according 
to  this  calculation,  was  not  worth  at 
the  Conquest  more  than  i:'44.*  of  our 
present  money. 

But  in  order  to  enable  us  to  form  a 
more  correct  appreciation  of  the  then 
value  of  Mele,  1  will  add  some  further 


extracts  from  Domesday,  in  which 
some  of  the  neighbouring  townships 
are  valued : 

''  Chetel  held  Heleshale  (Halsall).  There 
are  two  caracates  of  land  :  it  was  worth 
eight  shillings. 

"  Uctred  held  Hirletun  (Tarleton)  and 
half  of  Merretun  (Martin).  There  is  half 
a  hide :  it  was  worth  ten  shillings  and 
eight  pence. 

**  Uctred  heldLeiate  (Lidiate).  There  are 
six  bovates  of  land  ;  wood  one  mile  long  ; 
and  two  furlongs  broad:  it  was  worth 
sixty-four  pence. 

**  Three  Thanes  held  Fornebei  (Formby) 
as  three  manors.  There  are  four  caru-' 
cates  of  land  :  it  was  worth  ten  shillings. 
"  EdelmundusheldEsmedune  (Smedone, 
now  Liverpool t  or  Litherpole).  There  is 
one  carucate  of  land :  it  was  worth  thirty 
two  pence  r* 

It  is  not  in  my  power  to  state  at  what 
period  the  parish  church  of  North 
Meols  was  first  erected  (which  has 
since  given  the  name  of  Church  Town 
to  a  village  near  Southport),  but  it  is 
known  to  have  been  subject  to  the 
neighbouring  Priory  of  ^Penwortham  ; 
and  at  the  dissolution,  like  Penwor- 
tham,  it  was  conveyed  to  the  Fleet- 
woods, in  whose  family  the  patronage 
continued  until  1 748.  But  this  church 
certainly  existed  in  Edward  the  Third's 

m 

time,  for  it  is  expressly  mentioned  in 
the  "  Nonarum  Inquisitiones,"  made  in 
that  reign,  in  the  following  words: — 
"  Unde  ecclesia  non  taxatur,  propter 
ejus  exilitatem;  verus  valor  nonarum, 
garbarum,  vellerum  et  agnorum  pa- 
rochio!  ejusdem  xl«.  dc  quibus  Mela 
cum  Crosnes,**  &c. 

It  would  appear  from  this  record 
that  the  Church  of  North  Meols  had 
not  been  valued,  as  was  done  at  HaU 
sail,  Ormeskirk,  and  other  towns  of 
the  district,  simply  because  it  was  so 
small ;  but  40  shillings  was  the  value 
of  the  ninth  part  of  the  corn,  wool, 
and  lambs  of  the  parish,  t   The  Church 


*  The  present  annual  rental  of  the  parish,  according  to  the  estimate  of  the  county. 
rate,  is,  1  believe,  about  £8000. 

In  the  Valor  Beneficiorum  of  Pope  Nicholas,  A.  D.  1291,  I  find  no  mention  of  any 
church  at  North  Meols,  but  there  was  one  at  Halsall,  and  another  at  Ormskirk. 

t  In  these  records  it  appears  that  the  parishioners  of  every  parish  found  upon  their 
oath  the  true  value  (sometimes  separately)  of  the  ninth  of  corn,  wool,  and  lambs ;  then 
the  amount  of  the  antient  tax  of  the  church  was  stated  ;  and  afterwards  the  cause  of  the 
ninth  not  amounting  to  the  tax  or  value  of  the  church  were  assigned  ;  and  when  the 
niath  did  not  exceed  the  tax,  it  was  assignei  for  cause  thereof  that  within  tho.  valu- 
ation or  tax  of  the  church  there  were  other  articles  included  besides  com,  wool,  and 


44 


Topographical  Notices  qfSouthport,  Lancashire. 


[Jan. 


at  Halaall  was  valued  at  15  marcs, 
and  the  Church  at  Ormeskirk  was 
valued  at  20  marcs.  In  this  same  re- 
cord it  is  stated  that  the  ninth  part  of 
all  the  "  mobilium  bonorum  "  of  the 
residents  in  burgo  de  Liverpool  was 
only  6L  l6s.  7d. 

The  next  antient  record  to  which  I 
shall  refer  is  the  Valor  Ecclesiasticus 
of  Hen.  VIII.  where  the  Rectory  of 
this  parish  is  called  "  Northmelis 
Rectoria,"  and  Robert  Faryngton  was 
Rector  at  the  date  of  the  Reformation. 
The  value  of  the  living  is  here  stated 
at  8^.  1 98. ;  but  from  this  amount  68.8d. 
was  annually  paid  to  the  Prior  of  Pen- 
wortham,and8«.  Sd.  was  annually  paid 
to  the  Archdeacon  of  Chester,  "  pro  si- 
nodal' et  procuracionibu8;"so  that,after 
these  deductions,  the  net  amount  of  the 
revenue  of  the  Church  at  that  time  did 
not  exceed  8/.  3s.  6d.,  while  the  value 
of  the  Rectory  of  Ormeskirk  at  the 
time  of  the  Reformation  is  estimated 
at  31/.  139.  4d.,  and  that  of  Halsall 
Rectory  at  24/.  1 1*.  4d.  There  were 
also  two  Chantry  Chapels  at  Halsall, 
one  of  which  paid  to  the  Earl  of  Derby 
ISd,  annually,  and  28.  a  year  to  the 
Abbey  of  Cockersand ;  but  neither  of 
them  paid  any  acknowledgment  to 
Burscough  Priory.  Under  the  head  of 
payments  to  the  Rectory  of  Penwor- 
tham,  there  is  "  Northemel "  6«.  8d. 

It  appears  that  Northmels^or  North- 
moles,  was  the  name  given  to  this  dis- 
trict in  Edward  the  First's  time,  and, 
I  believe,  earlier.  In  the  "  Placita  de 
quo  warranto  (Com.  Lane.)"  Henry  de 
Lacy  was  summoned  to  shew,  "quo 
warranto  "  he  claimed  a  right  to  all 
wrecks  on  the  sea  line  of  his  manor  of 
Penwortham,  and  in  "  Northmoles." 

In  a  list  of  the  nobility  and  gentry 
in  the  county  palatine  of  Lancaster, 
from  the  time  of  Henry  Vllth  to  the 
accession  of  William  III.  from  original 
records,  and  the  MSS.  of  Sir  John 
Byrom,  Sir  George  Booth,  Mr.  John 
Hopkinson,  and  others,  with  the  or- 
thography preserved  both  of  persons 
and  places,  I  find,  inter  alios,  the  fol- 
lowing connected  with  this  part  of  the 
county : 


Hesketh  of  Hesketh 

of  Aughton 

ofWhyeHUl 

of  Poolton  and  Maynes 

of  M  eales 

of  Rufford  Hall 

Kitchen  of  North  Meales 
M  eales  of  Meales 
Morecroft  of  Ormskirk 
Scaresbreck  of  Scaresbreck 

In  the  "  Calendarium  Inquis.  post 
mortem  "  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  I 
find  that,  in  Henry  Vlllth's  time, 
Hugh  Aghton  held  messuages  and 
land  in  Northmeles,  and  at  Barton 
juxta  Halsall.  In  the  4th  of  Edward 
VI.  John  Aghton  held  North  Melleye 
maner',  and  Northmeles  and  Barton 
juxta  Halsall.  Inthe32d  of  Elizabeth, 
Elizabeth,  the  wife  of  John  Bold,  held 
the  maner'  of  North  Meales.  In  the 
43rd  of  Elizabeth,  John  Bold  theld 
North  Meales  maner'.  In  the  2nd  of 
James  I.  Barnabas  Kytichine  held 
North  Meales  maner',  cumaliis.  In 
the  lUh  of  James  I.  Thomas  Boald 
held  (inter  alia)  North  Meales  maner'. 
In  the  12th  of  Charles  I.  Richard  Bold 
held  North  Meales  maner'.  In  the 
17th  of  Charles  I.  Edward  Gorsuch 
held  lands  in  the  following  places : — 
Scaresbrecke,  Ormeskirke,  Burscough, 
Penwortham,  and  North  Meales.  I 
find  also  in  another  place,  in  the  10th 
of  Hcnrv  Vlll.   Gilbert  Sutton    held 

m 

Scaresbreck  maner\  Ormsky  rke,  Bores- 
cough,  Penwortham,  Northmeles  and 
others.  In  the  2nd  and  3rd  Phil,  and 
Mar.  William  Bannister  held  lands  in 
Northmelles.  In  the  2nd  Charles  I. 
Hugo  Hesketh  held  Northmelles 
maner';  and  with  respect  to  the  ad- 
vowson  of  the  parish  church  of  North 
Meales,  1  find  it  stated  that  in  33rd 
Eliz.  John  Fleetwood  held  Penwor- 
tham maner',  grangia  et  piscaria,  and 
among  others  the  advowson  of  the 
church  of  Northmeils;  and  in  another 
part,  in  the  2nd  Charles  I.  Richard 
Fleetwood  is  said  to  hold  the  advowson 
of  Northmeils.  In  the  17th  Edw.  I. 
I  find  in  another  document  that  Henr' 
de  Lee  held  the  manor  of  Meles. 
One  of  the  oldest  families  in  this 


lambs,  such  as  the  dos,  or  glebe  of  the  church,  tithe  of  hay,  and  other  tithes ;  and  if 
any  Abbey,  Priory,  or  other  religious  corporation  had  property  within  any  parish,  the 
ninth  arising  from  such  property  was  found  and  returned. 


>M 


1840.]         Topographical  Notice*  of  Southport^  Lancashire. 


part  of  the  county  of  LaDcaster  is  that 
of  Scaresbrek.  They  are  recorded  in 
the  Inqnisitiones  post  mortem,  in  24th 
Hen.  VII.  to  have  held  the  manor  of 
Scaresbreke,  Barscogh,  Ormskyrk,  &c. 
he. 

In  the  Calendar  to  the  Pleadings  of 
this  Dochy  I  find  that  Richard  Aghton 
has  a  suit  against  Bartholomew  Hes- 
keth,  teaching  a  disputed  title  of  land. 
and  tenements  in  North  Meyles  manor. 
In  fklward  VI.  1  find  Lawrence  Water- 
ward,  clerk.  Parson  of  Norhmells 
church,  plaintiff,  against  John  Bolde, 
the  matter  in  dispute  being  "  inter- 
ruption of  way  to  lands  and  grounds 
called  Parson's  meadows,  at  North- 
mells."  In  1  and  2  Phil,  and  Mar. 
Peter  Prescott,  clerk.  Parson  of  North 
Meyles  church,  is  plaintiff,  and  John 
Fletewood  and  John  Bolde  and  others 
are  defendants,  and  the  matter  in  dis- 
pute is  a  title  to  the  mansion  house, 
glebe  lands,  and  tithes  of  North  Meyles 
Parsonage.  In  3  and  4  Phil,  and  Mary, 
John  Bolde  and  Elizabeth  his  wife  are 
the  plaintiffs,  and  William  Stopforthe 
defendant,  and  the  matter  in  dispute 
was  "  disturbance  of  possession  of 
meadow  lands  at  Northemels,  in  breach 
of  decree."  In  2  Edward  VI.  William 
Charnock  is  plaintiff,  and  John 
Awghton  and  others  defendants,  the 
matter  in  dispute,  "  trespass  on  the 
court  lect,  and  illegal  levy  of  amer- 
ciaments in  Penwortham  manor  and 
Nortkmyles,"  There  is  also  a  suit  in  the 
2d  and  3d  Phil,  and  Mary,  in  which  the 
matter  in  dispute  is  title  to  twelve 
acres  of  meadow,  with  the  appurte- 
nances, called  Baldemanyoks,  other- 
wise Baldyroaryehokes,  and  otherwise 
called  the  Wykes,  in  Northmeales 
parish.  In  this  cause  William  Stop- 
peforth  claims,  by  purchase  of  Thomas 
Gorsuche  and  Margaret  his  wife,  as 
seised  in  fee  in  right  of  the  said  Mar- 
garet Gorsuche.  The  defendants  were 
John  Bolde  and  Elizabeth  his  wife, 
Robert  Wright,  Percirall  Brekill, 
Thomas  Ball,  and  others,  the  said 
Elizabeth  claiming,  with  her  sister 
Anne,  wife  of  Barnaby  Kecheyn,  as  co- 
heir of  John  Agheton,  deceased.  In 
the  19th  Hen.  Vll.  the  King's  Esche- 
ator  of  the  county  is  plaintiff,  and 
Sir  Henry  Halsall,  Knt.  defendant, 
and  the  matter  in  dispute  was  title 
to  lands  in  Northmelys  and  other 
places. 


45 

There  are  few  of  your  readers  in 
this  part  of  the  kindgdom  who  do  not 
feel  a  lively  interest  in  the  rising  im- 
portance of  Southport;  and  since  no 
attempt  has  yet  been  made  to  elicit 
materials  relating  to  the  early  history  of 
the  district  in  which  it  is  situate,  it  will 
not  be  unacceptable  or  incompatible 
with  the  object  of  your  Magazine  to 
have  made  a  beginning  in  this  respect, 
especially  as  it  may  be  the  means  of 
drawing  other  labourers  into  the  field, 
and  induce  some  competent  person 
who,  with  the  talent,  has  also  the  time 
necessary  to  accomplish  the  more  im- 
portant object  1  have  above  alluded 
to,  viz.  a  comprehensive  History  of 
the  Hundred  of  West  Derby. 

The  West  Derby  Hundred  is  the 
largest  and  most  valuable  of  the  county, 
though  other  divisions  may  boast  a 
larger  population.  The  number  of  pa- 
rishes in  this  hundred  amount  to  fifteen, 
and  there  are  ninety-six  townships.  Of 
this  vast  tract  of  country,  which  has 
been  the  scene  of  so  many  interesting 
events,  we  have  to  lament  the  want  of 
any  history  at  all  worthy  of  the  im- 
portance of  the  subject ;  and  yet  I  feel 
satisfied,  from  my  knowledge  of  the 
usual  sources  of  information,  that 
ample  gleanings  could  be  collected 
from  public  and  private  documents 
and  records  to  form  the  materials  for 
such  a  history.  But  unless  persons 
of  local  influence  in  each  township 
would  interest  themselves  in  the  work, 
and  freely  lend  their  aid,  and  open 
their  treasures  to  the  inspection  of 
the  topographer,  and  endeavour  to 
induce  others  to  do  the  same,  all 
attempt  to  do  justice  to  such  a  work 
were  hopeless.  But  the  truth  is,  there 
is  no  want  of  enlightened  country 
gentlemen  in  every  part  of  the  hundred 
who  would  readily  communicate  their 
stores  of  intelligence  to  a  properly  qua- 
litied  person,  and  no  other  ought  to 
attempt  so  arduous  a  task. 

1  have  already  observed  that  the  merits 
of  Southport  as  a  resort  for  invalids 
have  necessarily  been  brought  before 
me,  more  prominently,  perhaps,  than 
to  some  other  professional  men,  from 
the  frequent  practice  of  recommending 
patients  there,  and  the  subject  is 
one  which  I  hope  to  have  a  future 
opportunity  of  explaining  more  fully, 
through  some  other  appropriate 
medium,   as   soon    as    my    inquiries 


46 


Southport,  CO.  Lanc.'^Moulded  Bricks. 


[Jan. 


are  more  complete.  The  recent  pro- 
vision of  warm  and  cold  baths  at 
Southport,  which  supply  the  invalid 
or  the  timid  with  the  advantage  of 
sea-bathing  without  the  necessity  of 
plunging  into  the  open  sea,  forms  an 
important  sera  in  the  medical  history 
of  this  place,  and  will  add  materially 
to  its  reputation. 

At  present  I  have  not  had  access  to 
any  meteorological  record  kept  by  any 
competent  person  residing  at  South- 
port,  without  which  any  attempt  to 
make  a  comparison  between  its  tem- 
perature and  that  of  other  localities 
would  be  imperfect ;  though  I  have 
reason  to  know  that,  as  observations 
have  already  been  made,  no  doubt 
can  be  entertained  that,  in  point 
of  mildness  in  the  winter  months, 
Southport  will  be  found  superior  to 
most  other  towns  on  the  coast.  The 
clearness  and  dryness  of  the  air  have 
been  generally  acknowledged.  The 
snow  seldom  lies  twenty- four  hours; 
though  near  Ormskirk — which  is  but  a 
shortstage  from  Southport — it  has  been 
several  feet  deep. 

It  should  be  mentioned,  to  the  honour 
of  the  spirited  and  benevolent  popula- 
tion of  this  district,  that  it  supports  se- 
veral useful  charitable  institutions.  The 
Strangers' Charity,  for  the  relief  of  poor 
sick  persons  to  whose  recovery  sea  air 
or  bathing  may  be  conducive  ;  the 
Marine  Fund ;  the  North  Meols  Local 
Dispensary ;  and  the  Southport  Na- 
tional School,  arc  most  useful  to  the 
neighbourhood,  and  on  the  whole 
conducted  with  great  ability  and  suc- 
cess. 

There    are    many    other     subjects 


connected  with  the  future  welfare  of 
this  place  that  deserve  a  more  weighty 
consideration  than  the  limits  of  a  paper 
like  the  present  can  give  them  ;  but, 
as  my  object  on  the  present  occasion 
was  more  of  a  retrospective  character, 
and  1  have  already  trespassed  too 
much  on  your  pages,  your  readers,  I 
am  sure,  will  excuse  me  if  I  postpone 
all  further  remarks  to  a  more  conve- 
nient season. 

J.  K.  Walker,  M.D. 
Huddernfield,  Nov,  28,  1839. 


MOULDED    BRICKS. 

WE  find  in  the  eighth  number  of  the 
Cambridge  Portfolio,  a  description  of 
the  Ancient  Brick  of  which  an  engra- 
ving was  given  in  the  previous  num- 
ber, and  there  called  Roman :  and 
now  we  again  find  it  stated  that  "  the 
material  and  style  of  execution  seems 
undoubtedly  Roman,"  and  that  "  if 
the  antiquity  of  the  bricks  were  quite 
certain,  we  might  view  in  them  an  il- 
lustration of  the  very  early  existence 
of  Christians  in  Britain  ;  "  the  subject 
being  one  of  a  series  of  six  representing 
scenes  in  the  story  of  Susannah  and 
the  Elders  (though  in  the  Antiquarian 
Itinerary  the  figures  have  been  con- 
verted into  Roman  soldiers  and  British 
captives).  The  writer  is  evidently  not 
aware  that  other  bricks  of  this  kind 
have  led  to  similar  errors ;  and  that 
they  have  been  decided  by  competent 
judges  to  be  of  about  the  reign  of 
Henry  VIII.  See  a  memoir  by  A.  J. 
Kempe,  esq.  F.S.A.  on  six  found  in 
forming  the  St.  Katharine's  Docks,  in 
the  Archseologia,  vol.  XXIV.  and  Gent. 
Mag.  cii.  i.  255.  ii.  142. 


POETRY. 

1.  Salix  Babylonica;  by  the  Marquess  Wellesley.  2.  Translation  from 
Golditnith;  by  Sia  Henry  Halford,  Bart. 

These  elegant  specimens  of  Latin  verse  having  come  into  our  possession, 
we  trust  that,  in  gratifying  the  taste  of  our  readers,  by  making  them  public, 
we  do  not  oppose  the  wishes  of  the  very  eminent  and  accomplished  persons, 
who  are  the  authors  of  them.  Edit. 


SALIX  BABYLONICA. 

THE    WEEPING    WILLOW. 

The  first  of  this  race  of  WlUow  was  introduced  into  England  in  the  last  century ;  it 
was  brought  from  the  Banks  of  the  Euphrates,  near  the  ruins  of  Babylon ;   where 


J840.]  Poetry.— <Sa/t47  Bahylonica.  A7 

this  willow  aboundg.  This  is  the  willow  on  which  the  Israelites  ''  hanged  their 
haqps,"  according  to  the  Psalm  cxxxvii. — "  super  flumina  Babylonia.'* — '*  How  shall 
I  sing  the  Lord's  song  in  the  land  of  a  stranger  ?"  (See  Loudon's  Arboretum 
Britann.  toI.  It.  1507.) 

Passis  msesta  comis,  formosa  doloris  imago. 

Quae,  flenti  similis,  pendet  iu  amne  Salix, 
Euphratis  nata  in  rip&  Babylone  sub  alt& 

Dicitur  Hebrseas  sustinuisse  lyras  ; 
Cdm,  terrH  ignot4.  Proles  Solymaea  refugit 

Divinum  Patriae,  jussa,  movere  melos  ; 
Suspensisqae  lyris,  et  luctu  muta,  sedebat. 

In  lacrymis  memorans  Te,  veneranda  Sioo  ! 
Te,  dilecta  Sion  !  frustr^  sacrata  Jehovse, 

Te,  praesenti  ^des  irradiata  Deo ! 
Nunc  pede  barbarico,  et  manibus  temerata  profanis. 

Nunc  orbata  Tuis,  et  taciturna  Domus  ! 
At  Tu,  pulchra  Salix,  Thamesini  littoris  hospes. 

Sis  sacra,  et  nobis  pignora  sacra  ferae ; 
Qu&  cecidit  Judasa  (mones)  captiva  sub  ir&, 

Victricem  stravit  Quae  Babylona  manus  ; 
Inde  (doces)  sacra  et  ritus  servare  Parentum, 

Juraque,  et  antiqu&  vi  stabilire  Fidem. 
Me  quoties  curas  suadent  lenire  seniles 

Umbra  Tua,  et  viridi  ripa  beata  toro. 
Sit  mihi,  primitiasque  meas,  tenuesque  triumphos. 

Sit  revocare  tuos,  dulcis  Etona !  dies. 
Auspice  Te,  summae  mirari  culmina  famae, 

Et  purum  antiquae  lucis  adire  jubar 
Edidici  Puer,  et,  jam  prime  in  limine  vitae, 

Ingenuas  verae  laudis  amare  vias  : 
O  juncta  Aonidum  lauro  praecepta  Salutis 

iEternae !  et  Musis  consociata  Fides  1 
O  felix  Doctrina  !  et  divin&  insita  luce  ! 

Quae  tuleras  animo  iumina  fausta  meo ; 
Incorrupta,  precor,  maneas,  atque  integra,  neu  te 

Aura  regat  populi,  neu  novitatis  amor ; 
Stet  quoque  prisca  Domus ;  (neque  enim  manus  impia  tangat !) 

Floreat  in  mediis  intemerata  minis  ;* 
Det  Patribus  Patres,  Populoque  dot  inclyta  Gives, 

Eloquiumque  Foro,  Judiciisque  decus, 
Conciliisque  animos,  magnaeque  det  ordine  Genti 

Immortalem  alt&  cum  pietate  Fidem  ; 
Floreat,  intacti  per  postera  secula  famft, 

Cura  did  Patriae,  Cura  paterna  Dei. 
Ffm  Hill,  Windaor,  August  22,  1839. 

*  A  Reform  of  Eton  College,  on  the  principles  of  the  New  System  of  Education , 
has  been  menaced  by  high  authority. 


48       Poetry. — Translation  from  Goldsmiih's  Deserted  Village.       [Jan. 


FROM   THE    DESERTED   VILLAGE. 


In  all  my  wandering^  round  this  world  of  care. 
In  all  my  crriefs,  and  God  has  g^iven  my  share, 
I  still  had  hopes,  my  latest  hours  to  crown. 
Amidst  these  humble  bowers  to  lay  me  down  ; 
To  husband  out  life's  taper  at  its  close, 
And  save  the  flame  from  wasting^  my  repose. 
I  still  had  hopes,  for  Pride  attends  us  still, 
Amidst  the  swains  to  shew  my  book-learn'd 

skUl, 
Around  my  fire  an  evening  g^roup  to  draw. 
And  tell  of  all  I  felt,  and  all  I  saw— 
And  as  a  hare,  whom  hounds  and  horns  pursue, 
Pants  to  the  place  from  whence  at  first  she  flew, 
I  still  had  hopes,  my  long  vexations  past, 
Here  to  return,  and  die  at  home  at  last. 
O,  blest  retirement !  friend  to  life's  decline, 
Retreat  from  care,  which  never  can  be  mine. 


How  blest  is  he  who  crowns  in  shades  like  these 
A  youth  of  labour,  with  an  ag^e  of  ease ;     [try. 
Who  quits  the  world  where  strong:  temptations 
And,  since  his  hard  to  combat,  learns  to  fly. 
For  him  no  wretches  bom  to  work  and  weep 
Explore  the  mine,  or  tempt  the  dang'rous  deep; 
No  surly  porter,  clad  in  ^ilty  state. 
Expels  expiring  Famine  from  the  gate ; 
But  on  he  goes  to  meet  his  latter  end. 
Angels  around  befHending  Virtue's  friend, 
Sinks  to  the  grave  by  unperceiv'd  decay. 
While  Resignation  gently  slopes  the  way. 
And,  all  his  prospects  brightening  to  the  last. 
His  Heav'n  commences  ere  the  world  be  past. 

Goldsmith* 


TRANSLATION. 

Inter  tot  euros,  luctusque  ubicunque  ferendos. 

Tot  mala  missa  homini,  pauca  nee  ista  mihi, 
Sperabam  hie  tandem  metam  reperire  labonim, 

Meque  meis  ser6  posse  redire  focis ; 
Lentus  ubi,  et  tutus,  tererem  moderatids  boras, 

£t  facerem  placidos  tardiils  ire  dies. 
Cumque  aliis  prsestare  plaeet  juvenique  senique, 

Sperabam  agricolis  grand ia,  doeta  loqui ; 
Quod  fando  audSssem  aut  vidissem,  stante  eorond. 

Omnia  magniloquis  enumerare  modis. 
Utque  lepus,  canibus  pressus,  vestigia  fleetit, 

Mgrh  loeum  repetens  eaeperat  unde  fugam ; 
Sie  ego,  tot  passus  peregrino  in  littore  easus, 

Nota  peto  moriens  teeta,  meosque  Lares. 
O  tranquilla  quies  !  languenti  grata  seneetae 

(Quam  tamen  Omnipotens  noluit  esse  meamj 
Felix  !  eui  licuit  juveni  exereere  labores 

Vallibus  his  tutos,  otia  longa  seni ; 
Cui  vitse  illeeebrsis  nulla  virtute  domandas, 

Fallere  in  his  umbris  rit^  triumphus  erat. 
Non  jubet  ille  inopem  penetrare  in  viseera  terrae. 

Nee  ponti,  pro  re,  dira  periela  pati. 
Illius  oeelusas  fraetis  morboque  fameque, 

Non  sedet  auratus  janitor  ante  fores  ; 
Saera  plaeent  sibi  sola,  Deus  virtutis  amieo 

Annuit,  ad  finem  prospieit  ilie  suum  ; 
Tandem  ade6  faeili  lapsu  deseendit  avitum 

In  tumulum,  gressus  sustinet  alta  fides  ; 
Cuneta  seoescenti  rident,  optataque  eoeli 

Gaudia  supremam  pereipit  ante  diem. 


49 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


A  DisquMion  on  the  Scene,  Origin, 
DcLte,  8fv.  of  Shakespeare's  Tempest, 
By  the  Rev,  Joseph  Hunter,  F.S.A. 
Svo. 

IT  is  oar  intention  to  give  a  short 
abstract  of  the  principal  matters  dis- 
cussed in  this  brief  volume.  The  name 
of  Shakespeare  is  so  justly  and  deeply 
loved  by  Englishmen,  that  it  only  stops 
on  this  side  of  idolatry  ;  and  the  mi- 
nutest inquiries  are  not  discouraged, 
and  mention  of  the  most  trifling  cir- 
cumstances is  endured,  which  tend  in 
any  way  to  cast  the  faintest  glimmer 
of  light  on  the  obscurity  of  his  history, 
or  the  interpretation  of  his  thoughts. 
Mr.  Collier  has  been  of  much  service, 
and  we  trust  will  be  of  still  more,  by 
his  Tery  curious  researches  into  MS. 
papers  and  records,  which  his  exten- 
sive knowledge  of  the  drama  and  its 
history  enables  him  to  use  with  ad- 
vantage ;  and  it  is  said  that  Mr.  Dycc 
is  the  only  person  in  England  who 
can  rightly  interpret  the  dialogue  be- 
tween the  witch  and  the  sailor's  wife 
in  Macbeth,  and  who  has  the  kev  to 
unlock  the  meaning  of  the  *'  rump-fed 
ronion."  Mr.  Hunter  appears  lonijj 
and  diligently  to  have  admired  and 
studied  the  works  of  "  this  darling  of 
Nature/'  whom  she  nursed  on  the 
banks  of  the  Avon  ;  and  he  has  given 
U!*  a  foretaste  or  specimen  of  his  dis- 
coveries in  the  present  book.  No  one 
can  be  a  successful  punster,  it  is  said, 
who  does  not  make  innumerable  bad 
puns  ;  and  no  one  has  ever  been  a 
great  or  successful  critic  who  has  not 
also  made  very  bad  conjectures.  The 
knotty  passages  of  authors  are  not  to 
be  cut  through  by  the  swords  of  critics. 
but  diligently  and  carefully  unravelled 
by  their  fingers.  The  most  learned  are 
not  always  the  most  successful :  a 
great  critic  should  have  the  same  eagle 
eye,  the  same  "  terrible  sagacity,"  as 
is  said  to  be  necessary  for  a  great 
commander.  Farther,  a  person  suc- 
•essful  on  one  author  may  entirely  fail 

Gant.  Maq.  vou  xni. 


on  another.  How  great  was  Bcntley 
onMenander; — how  trifling  and  absurd 
on  Milton !  It  is  therefore  of  great 
importance  to  be  familiarly  acquainted 
with  the  style,  mode  of  thinking,  and 
the  mctaphysicks  of  the  mind  of  the 
author  one  is  attempting  to  emend. 
Such  are  Mr.  Hunter's  claims  to  our 
attention ;  and  if,  after  all  his  labour 
of  love,  all  his  painful  days  and  studious 
nights,  his  unwearied  researches  and 
his  fortunate  guesses,  we  cannot  wil- 
lingly receive  the  Wio/c  of  his  suggested 
improvements,  he  must  consider  that 
he  cannot  be  exempt  from  the  general 
lot,  which  prevents  any  man,  in  any 
line  whatever,  arriving  at  an  excellence 
surpassing  that  of  all  others.  If  this 
volume  enables  him  to  attain  an  ho- 
nourable station  among  his  brother 
critics  and  commentators,  no  doubt  his 
ambition  will  be  satisfied.  His  con- 
jectures and  supposes  are  his  lite- 
rary family, — his  sons  and  daughters. 
They  will  not  all  be  handsome,  or 
perhaps  virtuous,  though  they  may 
seem  so  to  the  fond  parental  eye  ;  but 
taken  together  they  may  form  a  goodly 
lieritage,  doing  honour  to  the  stem 
from  which  they  sprung.  We  shall 
now,  lhou;;h  we  unfortunately  are  on 
the  spur  of  speed,  introduce  them  to 
the  public  notice. 

It  is  generally  supposed  that  when 
Shakespeare  wrote  the  play  of  the 
'i'empest  he  had  in  view  the  tempest 
in  which  Somers  and  Yates  were 
wrecked,  on  the  Ucrmudas.  That 
tempest  occurred  in  1(309,  therefore 
it  has  been  settled  that  the  play  must 
have  been  written  in  or  after  that  year.* 
As  Mr.  Hunter  considers  the  Tempest 
to  be  one  of  the  earliest  productions  of 
Shakespeare's  genius,  he  must,  of 
course,  prove  that  it  was  not  necessary 
forthepoet  to  take  thedescription  of  the 
tempest  from    that    one   event.      He 


♦  Mr.  Malone  assigns  it  to  1  Gil  ;  Chal- 
mers to  1(>13. 

H 


50        Rbview.— Hanter's  Disquisition  on  Shakespeare's  Tempesu    [Jan. 


finds  therefore,  in  an  earlier  book,  an 
account  of  a  shipwreck  suffered  by  one 
Henry  May,  in  1594,  and  of  a  storm 
in  those  seas  experienced  by  Sir  R. 
Dudley,  in  1595,  and  also  in  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh's  Discovery  of  Guiana,  printed 
in  1596.  He  proves  also  from  other 
poets  that  the  topic  of  the  "still  vexed 
Bermoothes  "  was  a  familiar  one  with 
the  poets  of  the  time, — in  fact,  a  com- 
mon-place. The  strongest  passage  in 
favour  of  the  Bermudas  is  the  following 
from  the  "  Silver  Watch-bell "  of  Sir 
Thomas  Tymme : 

''  Navigators  report  that  there  is  a  sea 
in  the  voyage  to  the  W.  Indies  (called  the 
Bermudas)  which  is  a  most  hellish  sea  for 
lightning,  thmider  and  storms.  Also  they 
assure  us  of  one  island  they  call  the  island 
of  devils :  for  to  such  as  approach  near  the 
same  there  do  not  only  appear  fearful 
sights  of  devils  and  evil  spirits,  but  also 
mighty  tempests,  with  most  terrible  and 
continual  thunder  and  lightning ;  and 
the  noise  of  horrible  cries,  with  screeching, 
doth  so  affright  and  amaze  those  that  come 
near  the  place,  that  they  are  glad  with  all 
might  and  main  to  fly  and  speed  them 
with  all  possible  haste  they  can." 

Now  Mr.  Hunter  asks  (p.  13) — "Is 
there  a  single  point  in  which  we  can 
trace  resemblance  between  the  island 
of  Prospero  and  Bermuda  which  can 
be  regarded  as  peculiar  and  critical  ?" 
Perhaps  we  should  answer,  "  sufficient 
for  poetical  use — for  a  hint — a  sug- 
gestion— for  all  that  a  poet  wants  ;" 
but  this  is  not  to  the  purpose  :  it  ap- 
pears that  that  very  worthy  and  in- 
genious person,  Mr.  Thomas  Rodd, 
whose  knowledge  in  the  most  curious 
and  secret  departments  of  English  li- 
terature is  very  extensive,  suggested  to 
Mr.  Hunter  that  Shakespeare  intended 
to  place  the  scene  of  the  Tempest  on  the 
island  of  Lampedusa,  or  Lipadusa,  or 
Lopcdusa,  in  the  Mediterranean.  Mr. 
Hunterfollowedup  the  suggestion— ex- 
amined it — approved  it — confirmed  it — 
andhas  written  a  very  ingenious,  clever, 
and  satisfactory  dissertation  upon  it. 
This  island,  in  the  time  of  Shakespeare, 
was  not  only  deserted,  but  lay  under  the 
imputation    of  being    haunted.      The 


voyager  inCrusius  says  "the  nights  are 
disturbed  by  spectres ;"  and  Coronelli 
adds,  "  even  writers  worthy  of  confi- 
dence assert  that  no  one  can  remain  on 
the  island,  on  account  of  phantasms, 
spectres,  and  horrible  visions  that 
appear  in  the  night  ;  repose  and  quiet 
being  banished  by  the  formidable  ap- 
paritions and  frightful  dreams  that 
fatally  affiict  with  death-like  terrors 
whosoever  does  remain  there  as  much 
as  one  night." 

Mr.  Hunter  thus  confirms  this  claim 
advanced  for  Lampedusa,  by  an  enu- 
meration of  certain  circumstances  re- 
lating to  the  island  corresponding  to 
the  description  of  the  island  in  the 
Tempest.  But  (though  we  speak  it 
doubtfully,  not  having  our  worthy 
friend  Mr.  Loudon  near  us  at  present) 
we  consider  Mr.  Hunter's  remarks 
on  the  line  or  lime  tree  to  be  of  no 
force  ;  for  we  doubt  whether  this  tree 
is  found  at  all  in  Sicily  and  the  Me- 
diterranean Isles  ;  we  are  certain  it  can 
be  seen  but  rarely,  and  as  a  stranger, 
if  at  all.  It  is  a  piece  of  English  sce- 
nery introduced  mto  a  foreign  land- 
scape.* However  it  may  be  on  Ham- 
Common,  assuredly  there  are  no  lime- 
tree  avenues  or  '  groves  in  the  vale  of 
Enna.'  One  of  the  most  convincing 
chapters,  to  our  mind,  is  the  third  ;  in 
which  Shakespeare's  description  of  the 
storm  is  shown,  by  several  striking  re- 
semblances, such  as  Hurd  himself 
would  admit,  to  be  taken  from  a  si- 
milar description  in  Harrington's 
Ariosto,  published  in  1591,  in  the 
forty-first  Canto  of  the  Orlando ;  in 
some  passages  the  thoughts  and  words 
come  very  close,  as  ex.  gr. 

Skakspeare.— Hence !  What  care  these  roar- 
ers for  tne  name  of  King  ?  To  cabin !  silence ! 
trouble  us  not. 

Ariotto.—**  Of  Kiny  nor  Prince  no  man 
takes  heed,  nor  note." 

Shalupeare. his  bold  head 

'Bove  the  contentious  waves  he  kept,  &c. 

-^riwr/o.— Rogero    for    the  matter    never 
shrunk, 
But  ttm  above  the  water  kepi  hie  head. 

Further,  Ariosto's  storm  is  laid  in 


*  This  tree,'  the  linden,  line,  or  lime-tree,  was  also  called  the  tile-tree  (tilia),  see 
Hora  Vacivse,  by  John  Hall,  12mo.  1646,  p.  87  :  "  Like  the  shade  of  a  tiU-tree, 
very  pleasant,  though  the  tree  be  unfruitful.^*  Mr.  Hunter  has  shown  the  error  in- 
duced by  the  thoughtless  alteration  of /tne  for  lim€  tree,  very  forcibly. 


1840. J     Hbyiew. — Hunter's  Disquisition  on  Shakespeare's  Tempest.     51 

"  The  Tempest,  or  Love's  Labour 
Won,"  we  (^annot  go  so  far  as  to 
jump  at  once  to  his  conclusion, 
"  that  we  have  Meres's  testimony  to 
the  existence  of  the  Tempest  as  a  play 
of  Shakespeare  in  1598."  How  far 
Jonson's  Prologue  to  every  Man  in 
his  Humour,  being  written  in  1596^ 
is  a  proof  of  the  existence  of  the  Tem- 
pest in  that  year,  is,  we  also  think,  liable 
to  some  doubt.  To  this  early  date, 
Mr.  Hunter  is  not  unaware  that  a  for- 
midable difficulty  seems  to  present 
itself  in  a  palpable  reference  to  a 
passage  in  Florio's  translation  of  Mon- 
taigne, and  which  was  not  published, 
so  far  as  we  know,  till  1603,  This 
he  suggests  may  be  removed  in  two- 
ways;  first,  by  supposing  that  por- 
tions of  the  translation  may  have  ap- 
peared in  different  times,  previous  to 
the  whole  being  printed  in  a  complete 
form  ;  as  some  of  the  smaller  tracts  of 
Florio  are  known  to  exist.  Secondly, 
the  speech  of  Gonzales  may  have  been 
added  after  the  original  appearance  of 
the  play,  as  there  is  reason  to  think 
was  the  practice  of  Shakespeare.  Mr. 
Hunter,  however,  relies  chiefly  on  a 
third  supposition,  that  Florio's  trans- 
lation may  have  been  seen  by 
Shakespeare  in  manuscript.  He  lastly 
despatches  in  a  summary  way  Mr.  G. 
Chalmers  and  his  dead  Indian  of  1611, 
by  showing  that  another  Indian  was 
brought  to  England  in  1577,  who  was 
the  one  to  whom  Trinculo  alludes. 

In  the  commencement  of  the  sixth 
chapter,  Mr.  Hunter  recapitulates  the 
points  which  he  trusts  he  has  esta- 
blished. 1.  That  the  Tempest  is  one  of 
the  earliest  woiksof  Shakespeare, written 
in  1 59(3,  when  he  was  thirty-two  years 
old.  2.  That  in  the  composition  of  it 
he  had  in  view  the  ridiculous  stories 
of  Sir  Walter  Rawleigh,  published  in 
that  year.  3.  That  the  island  of  Ber- 
muda had  nothing  to  do  with  the  idea 
in  his  mind  of  an  enchanted  island.  4. 
that  the  archetype  from  which  he 
wrought  was  the  island  of  Lampedusa, 
which  island  was,  in  fact,  the  scene 
of  his  play.  5.  That  he  owed  nothing 
to  the  pamphlet  of  Sil.  Jourdan,  or 
the  work  of  Sir  G.  Somers.  6.  That 
when  he  delineated  the  storm,  in  the 
first  and  second  scenes,  he  had  in  his 


tlie  same  seas:  he  also  mentions  Lam- 
pedasa,  or  Lipedusa, 

lipednsa  u  a  little  isle, 

from  Afiic'  shore  some  twenty  mile. 

Moreover,  when  Rogero  reached  the 
iftlaDd, 

Upon  the  rock  with  much  ado  he  crawl'd, 
And  sate  upon  the  best  groand  in  th'  end ; 

When,  lo !  an  tfed  man,  whose  head  was  bald 
And  beard  below  his  girdle  did  descend, 

Tittt  was  an  hermit,  that  did  there  inhabit, 

Came  forth  to  him  in  godly  reverend  habit. 

Tliis  is  the  hermit  of  Lampedusa,  a 
kind  of  prototype  of  Prospero  ;  and  as 
we  proceed,  we  are  conducted  to  the 
hermit's  cell,  which  we  find,  like  the 
cell  of  Prospero,  sheltered  by  a  grove 
of  trees: 

The  ceQ  a  chapel  had  on  th*  eastern  side. 
Upon  the  western  side,  a  grove  or  beriel* 

Forth  of  the  which  he  did  his  food  provide ; 
SmaU  cheer,  God  wot !  wherewith  to  make 
folks  merry. 

If  this  part  of  the  volume  does  not 
come  with  effective  force  against  the 
stony  walls  of  ^the  hearts  of  the 
Shakespearian  commentators ;  if  Mr. 
Collier  shakes  his  head,  and  Mr.  Dyce 
drops  his  chin ;  it  still  must  be  consi- 
dered as  a  very  ingenious,  and  very 
pleasing  piece  of  critical  research. 

Mr.  Hunter  then  passes  on  to  give 
his  reasons  for  believing  that  the  Tem- 
pest was  an  early  work  of  Shakespeare ; 
being  at  total  variance  with  the  critics 
who  have  placed  is  as  the  last.  There  is 
mach  just  and  good  criticism  in  this 
part  of  the  book,  and  his  arguments 
are  deserving  consideration,  but  are 
not  exactly  adapted  for  abridgment 
in  our  scanty  space  :  they  chiefly  turn 
oo  this  point,  that  the  story,  charac- 
ters, scene,  &c.  of  the  Tempest  assi- 
milate closely  to  those  of  the  other 
early  plays  in  their  romantic  cast ;  and 
not  to  the  severer  form  of  the  latest 
plays,  as  Macbeth,  Lear,  Coriolanus, 
Timon,  &c.  This,  as  far  as  it  goes, 
and  in  the  absence  of  positive  facts, 
is  sound  and  legitimate  reasoning ;  but 
in  the  next  chapter,  where  he  wishes 
to  identify  the  Tempest  with  a  play  in 
'•  Meres  his  list,"  called  Love's  Labour 
Won  t  and  when  he  suspects  that  the 
play    had   originally   a    double   title. 


*  Drydea  was  the  latest  writer  whom  we  recollect  to  have  used  this  word  in  this  sense : 

'*  AAd  theatres  are  btrria  for  the  fair.'* 


52        Review.— Hunter's  Disquisition  on  Shakespeare's  Tempest.    [Jan. 

by  which  the  three  Magi  are  known  in 
different  countries  of  Europe  ? '*  Mr. 
Hunter  has  seen  the  Magi  named  Mel- 
chior,  Caliban,  Mamamouchi,  but  not 
in  a  book  of  authority.  Farmer 
thought  it  was  a  metathesis  of  canni- 
bal ;  and  Dr.  Sherwin  that  it  was  com- 
pounded of  ban  and  beauty, — a  vile 
conjecture  enough,  proving  that  the 
commentator  did  not  partake  of  the 
wisdom  of  his  subject. 

With  regard  to  the  philological  re- 
marks which  close  the  volume,  we  do 
not  think  Mr.  Hunter  so  successful  as 
in  some  other  of  the  branches  of  his 
disquisition  ;  but,  indeed,  it  is  of  all 
the  most  diflScult,  and  requires  the 
rarest  and  iinest  qualities  in  combina- 
tion, of  which  the  genius  of  criticism  is 
composed.  If  in  some  places  he  fails, 
it  is  in  a  province  where  Pope  and 
Warburton,  and  even  Johnson,  failed 
before  him. 

P.  129.  His  authority  for  "  trash  *' 
is  complete,  but  "samphire"  for  "sca- 
mels,  or  seamels,"  will  not  do ;  he^has 
not  salved  the  sore.  The  word  must 
remain  at  present  unexplained,  though 
we  think  it  is  only  a  form  of  expres- 
sion, perhaps  provincial,  for  sea-gulls 
or  sea-mews  ;  in  the  east  of  England 
they  are  always  called  sea-cobs. 

P.  132.  We  see  no  reason  at  all  why 

the  line 

•*  By  inoonsliinc  do  the  green  sour  ringlets 
uiake," 


mind  the  storm  in  the  forty-first  canto 
of  Ariosto.  These  he  considers  nove/^tes 
in  Shakespeare  criticism,  which  he 
ventures  to  think  will  be  of  some  im- 
portance, and  that  they  will  work  a 
great  revolution  in  the  criticism  on  the 
play.  He  then  proceeds  to  inquire 
concerning  the  origin  of  the  plot,  and  of 
the  three  most  remarkable  characters  in 
it,  viz.  Prospero,  Ariel,  and  Caliban  ; 
and  first,  he  thinks  "Love's  Labour 
Won,"  like  "  Love's  Labour  Lost,"  to 
be  a  story  probably  of  the  Romance 
writers  in  the  sixteenth  century  of 
France  or  Italy,  Navarre  or  Spain. 
He  finds  a  real  Alonzo  king  of  Naples, 
who  had  a  son  Ferdinand  in  1495. 
Turning  to  the  History  of  Milan,  we 
have  a  banished  Duke  who  was  dispos- 
sessed in  1514.  We  have  also  an 
usurping  Duke  of  Milan  corresponding 
to  Anthonio  :  but  we  must  refer  to  our 
author  for  the  remainder  of  this  history, 
for  which  we  have  not  room.  Mr. 
Hunter  then  enters  into  the  subject  of 
the  prevalence  of  "  Magic  "  during  the 
middle  ages.  Prospero  is  the  imper- 
sonation of  these  adepts  in  the  white 
magic,  which  is  that  of  the  Tempest. 
Some  of  the  feats  of  Ariel  he  thinks 
may  be  suggested  by  what  Shakespeare 
read  in  Isaiah,  the  word  Ariel  being 
used  as  a  personation  of  Jerusalem. 
Some  of  the  passages  of  the  Prophet 
he  applies  to  the  description  of  the 
poet,  as,  "  And  the  multitude  of  the 
nations  that  fight  against  Ariel,  and 
even  all  that  fight  against  her,  and  her 
munition,  and  that  distresses  her,  shall 
be  as  a  dream  of  a  night  vision."  In 
this  he  thinks  we  may  have  the  germ 
of  the  celebrated  passage, 

" We  are  such  stuff 

As  dreams  are  made  of,  and  our  little  life 
is  rounded  by  a  sleep." 

Caliban,  he  considers,  in  his  form, 
to  be  of  Hebraistic  origin,  and  he 
is  compared  to  the  fish-idol  of  Ash- 
dad,  the  Dagon  of  the  Philistines,  "  a 
figure  shaped  like  a  fish,  only  with  feet 
and  hands  like  a  man."  Caliban  (he 
says)  is  a  kind  of  tortoise,  the  paddles 
expanding  in  arms,  hands,  legs,  and 
feet ;  how  he  became  changed  into  a 
monkey  it  is  left  to  other  commenta- 
tors to  explain.  With  regard  to  the 
name  Caliban,  he  says,  "  Would  it  not 
be  a  circumstance  worthy  of  being 
taken  notice  of,  if  it  should  turn  out 
tbat  Caliban  it  ont  amony  the  many  namei 


should  be  altered  ;  it  is  good  sense, 
according  to  the  fabulous  tradition,  and 
good  poetry,  and  has  an  emphasis  and 
propriety  which  Mr.  Hunter's  emen- 
dation wants  ;  for  he  alters  "green" 
from  an  epithet  to  a  substantive,  mar- 
ring the  beauty  of  the  passage, 
liy  moonshine   on  the  green,  sour   rinj^lcts 

make, 
or, 
Uy  moonsliinc  d*on  the  greetk  sour  ringlets 

make. 

Now  these  fairy  circles  are  all  dis- 
tinguished from  the  colour  of  the 
neighbouring  grass  by  a  line  of  deeper 
grcni,  which  arises  from  the  earth 
being  stirred,  and  perhaps  enriched,  by 
the  fibres  of  the  "  fungi ;"  this  is 
the  true  cause  of  this  appearance  on 
the  green  sward  of  light  soils,  that  so 
long  puzzled  the  philosophers,  and 
even  now  affords  images  to  the  poets. 
We  have  no  hesitation  therefore  in  in- 
sisting on  the  necessity  of  preserving 
the  original  reading. 


1840.]     RfiviBw. — Hunter's  Disquisition  on  Shakespeare  s  Tempest.       53 


P.  137.     Mr.  Hunter  says  the  linc« 

"Twelve  year  since,  Miranda,  twelve  year 
since," 

"  is  a  line  which  satisfies  the  ear,  and 
is,  without  doubt,  what  Shakespeare 
intended."  To  our  ear  it  wants  a  syl- 
lable, as  it  wanted  to  the  ear  of  G. 
Steevens,  who  proposed  to  read  the 
first  *•  years  '*  as  a  dissyllable  ye-ars, 
on  that  account ;  but  we  thinks 
"  Some  twelve  year  since,  Miranda,  twelve  year 


since," 

would   be    more   satisfactory,   if  any 
alteration  be  necessary. — At  p.  142. 

*Mn  few,  tbey  hurried  us  aboard  a  bark. 
Bore  us  some  leagues  to  sea ;  when  they  pre- 
pared 
A  rotten  carcase  of  a  boatf  not  rigg'd, 
Nor  tackle,  sail,  nor  mast,— the  very  rats 
Instinctively  had  quit  it." 

The  second  folio  reads,  "  a  rotten 
carcase  of  a  butt/'  This  reading  Mr. 
Hunter  would  prefer,  and  says, "  a  large 
wine  butt  cut  transversely  might  make 
a  kind  of  boat,  carrying  a  little  food, 
robes,  and  books,  and  one  person  with 
a  young  child."  We  should  not  like 
to  see  our  reverend  friend  Mr.  Hunter 
trusting  himself  and  his  Shakespeare 
books  to  such  a  "  perfidious  ^bark. " 
But  how  could  such  a  butt,  be  rigyed, 
and  have  tackle,  sails,  and  mast,  which 
it  is  presumed  to  be  able  to  carry, 
from  the  wonder  expressed  that  it 
wanted  what  was  necessary  and  usual ; 
and  though  rats,  '*  and  such  small 
deer,"  being  reckoned  prophetical  aiiJ 
sagacious  animals,  might  quit  a  crazy 
boat,  knowing  it  not  to  be  safe  for 
them  to  venture  in — yet  how  could 
they  foresee  that  a  sugar-butt  was  to 
be  applied  to  a  purpose  for  which  it 
was  never  intended  ?  We  propose, 
therefore,  placing  Mr.  Hunter's  sugar- 
butt  with  Mr.  Wordsworth's  washing- 
tub,  and  dismissing  them  both  to- 
gether, to  sink  or  swim  ;  ut  qui  in 
eadem  causu  sint,  in  cikdcm  item  esscnt 
fort  u  nil. 

V,  145. 

"  Thou  shalt  be  pinch'd 

A**  thirk  .iH    honfy-rombt^   each  pinch    more 
Thnn  bees  that  make  tlicin  !  '*  [^stiu^in^ 

The  original  reading  is  "  honey- 
comb," wrongly  altt'rctl,ajj  Mr.  Hunter 
observes,  by  the  commentators.  We 
would  adhere  to  it,  thus  reading  the 
line, 

**  As  thick  as  M'  boncy-comb/'  &c. 


There  are  also  some  observations 
which  we  think  a  little  over  refined ;  at 
least  as  we  do  not  possess  the  qualities 
of  that  gentleman  in  old  story  **Mister 
Fine-ear,"  we  are  not  sensible  of  their 
truth;  as  when  we  read,  (p.  134,)  **  that 
much  is  lost  in  melody  is  apparent  to 
every  one,  by  the  Editor's  altering 
wrack  to  wreck  ;" 

"  Weeping   again   the   king     my    father's 

wreck  "  (wrack.) 
"  Supposing  that  he  saw  the  king's  ship 

wrecked  (wrack 'd)." 

Mr.  Hunter  says,  "  the  cause  of  the 
difference  is,  that,  by  pronouncing  the 
preceding  words,  the  organs  of  speech 
are  put  into  a  more  favourable  position 
for  pronouncing  '  wrack*  than  '  wreck,* 
and  the  organs  of  hearing  are  put  into 
a  more  favourable  condition  for  re- 
ceiving with  pleasure  the  fuller  sound 
of  wrack,** 

Again,  p.  135, 

— "  I  am  arrived  from  faithful  Lombardy." 


^'  So  we  must  now  read  ;  but  Shakespeare 
suggests  another  and  a  better  sound:'* 

"  I  am  arrived  from  faithful  LMmbardy." 

We  again  plead  our  dulness  of  ear. 

P.  138, 
"  My  brother,  and  thy  uncle,  called  Antonio,^* 

"  This  is  another  instance  of  a  slight 
deterioration  of  Shakespeare's  exquisite 
melody  by  an  useless  alteration.  A  nice 
ear  will  be  sensible  at  once  that  something 
is  lost.'' 

"My  brother,  and  thy  uncle,  caWed  Anthonio,** 

P.  146.  Mr.  Hunter  has  most  cor- 
rectly justified  the  old  reading  in  the 
following  passage : 


<( 


my  prime  request, 


Which  I  do  last  pronounce,  is,  O  you  wonder  ! 
if  you  be  maid  or  no." 

So  read  the  first,  second,  and  third 
folios.  The  later  editors  follow  Rowe, 
who  has  substituted  "  made,"  found 
in  the  fourth  edition,  which  is  of  no 
authority. 

In  another  passage,  p.  118. 

"  She  that  is  Queen  of  Tunis,  she  tlmt  dwells 
Ten  leaguei  beyond  matCs  life,  she  that  from 

Naples  ' 

Can  liavo  no  note,  unless  tho  «un  were  post, 
(The  man  i'  tho  moon's  too  slow,)  till  nuw-liorn 
lie  rough  and  raznrablc."  [chius 

Mr.  Hunter  has  this  advantage  over 
113  iu  his  proposed  emendations,  that 


54  REViEw.-^Nolan's  Evangelical  Character  of  ChristianHy,      [Jan. 

they  are  the  production  of  his  deli- 
berate thoughts  and  mature  decisions, 
whereas  ours  arise  from  our  first  and 
hasty  impressions.  In  this  passage,  the 
difficulty  is  in  the  expression  "  beyond 
man's  life,"  which  he  thinks  may  be 
the  name  of  a  city,  like  "  Old  Free 
Town,"  in  Romeo  and  Juliet.  We, 
however,  interpret  very  differently. 
We  consider  that  it  alludes  to  the 
divisions  of  the  globe,  as  seen  in  old 
maps,  separated  and  distinguished  into 
different  zones,  some  of  which  were 
denominated  habitable,  and  others 
considered  as  not  fit  for  human  life, 
being  arid,desert,and  sun-burnt.  "The 
Queen  of  Tunis,  she  that  dwells  ten 
leagues  beyond  the  line  of  the  habit- 
able zone ; "  ten  leagues  being  an  ex- 
pression for  such  an  immense  distance, 
that  we,  in  fact,  must  grow  up  to  man- 
hood before  the  journey  from  her  do- 
minions to  Naples  could  be  per- 
formed.* 
We  observe  that  no  publisher's  name 
is  affixed  to  this  volume,  but  at  the  end 
is  a  device  of  a  large  fish, — desinit  in 
piscem, — with  a  large  open  mouth  full 
of  teeth,  tied  by  a  strap  to  an  iron  ring, 
with  the  motto  "  Gulielmus,"  which 
is  the  "  vox  piscis."  Now,  as  sailors 
call  the  shark  by  the  familiar  name  of 
Billy,  can  this  be  a  cunning  device 
by  which  a  publisher  represents  his 
trade  ?  Or  is  it  meant  to  figure  a  poor 
author,  like  a  fish  out  of  water,  gasp- 
ing for  breath,  and  strapped  to  the 
iron  collar  of  its  Sisyphean  labours  ? 
Eget  interprete.f 


T%e  Evangelical  Character  of   Chris- 
tianity,  according    to  the  Doctrines 


and  Ordinances  of  the    Established 

Church,  8fc»  By  Fred.  Nolan,  LL-D. 

1838.  12mo. 

WE  had  occasion  some  little  time 
since  to  call  the  attention  of  our  readers 
to  the  doctrines  which  were  openly 
professed,  and  the  views  boldly  main- 
tained by  the  evangelical  (puritanical) 
party,  as  avowed  in  the  "  Essays  on 
Schism,"  on  which  the  prize  was 
bestowed  by  Mr.  Legh  Richmond. 
Among  other  statements  the  following 
were  made  :  1.  That  the  number  of  the 
puritanical  clergy  belonging  to  the 
EstablishedChurch  amounts  to  upwards 
of  two  thousand,  and  is  increasing.  2. 
That  in  due  time,  or  as  we  may  sup- 
pose when  these  numbers  are  yet  more 
formidable,  certain  demands  will  be 
made  by  them  regarding  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  Established  Church,  which, 
if  not  conceded,  they  will  make  a 
quasi-secession,  and  elect  a  Bishop 
of  their  own.  It  is  not  necessary  to 
do  more  than  to  express  such  state- 
ments as  these  in  words,  in  order  to 
evince  their  dangerous  tendency,  whe- 
ther the  party  can  carry  them  into 
effect  or  not.  They  assume  the  right 
of  a  certain  number  in  the  Church, 
(a  minority,)  to  alter  the  form  and 
structure  of  the  Church  itself;  or,  fail- 
ing in  that,  to  break  it  up,  as  far  as 
in  them  lies,  into  divisions,  which 
might  be  subversive  of  the  whole. 
The  spirit  with  which  they  would  enter 
on  their  work  is  also  evinced,  by  their 
avowed  declaration  in  the  same  book, 
that  a  clerg}'man  belonging  to  the  pu- 
ritanical (self-called  evangelical)  party, 
would  rather  hold  acquaintance  with 
a  dissenter,  than  with  a  clergyman  of 
principles   different  from  his    in  his 


*  Mr.  Hunter's  coDJecture  that  **  Man's  Life/'  means  a  particular  city,  seems 
(though  we  speak  under  correction)  to  us  to  be  inconsisteDt  with  the  sense  of  the  pas- 
sage ;  for  how  could  any  particular  city  or  place  in  any  part  of  the  globe  be  fifteen  or 
sixteen  years'  journey,  at  least,  from  Naples  ?  For  so  long  would  it  take  to  make  new- 
born chms  rough  and  razorable.  Shakespeare  meant  to  give  a  vagueness  and  indis- 
tinctness to  his  image,  which  should  represent  to  the  mind  an  immeasurable  distance, 
far  remote  among  the  vast  Ethiopian  deserts,  where  foot  of  man  never  trod,  nor  could 
the  life  of  man  exist.  But  **  if  new-bom  chins  being  rough  and  razorable/'  is  meant 
only  to  signify  the  time  necessary  for  the  growth  of  die  beard  after  it  has  been  shaved, 
or  twelve  hours,  then  the  time  is  vastly  too  short  for  communication  between  Tunis  and 
Naples ;  besides,  though  Queen  of  Timis,  she  is  not  said  to  live  there. 

t  We  hope  Mr.  Hunter  will  be  induced  soon  to  gratify  the  lovers  of  Shaksperian 
literature  with  something  more  than  this  solitary  specimen  of  his  labours.  Why  are 
the  Sosii  of  the  day  not  crowding  his  morning  levees  with  solicitations,  that  he  may 
ihoot  a  second  succeuM  arrow  after  the  first  ? 


^ 


1840.]         RiyiBW.-^Thompflon^s  Ufe  of  Hannah  More. 


55 


own  church.    We  must  express  some 
astoniBhrnent    that    such    principles, 
coming  as  they  do  from  out  of  the 
bosom  of  the  Church  itself,  have  not 
attracted  the  attention  or  called  forth 
a   fitting  rebuke  from    the  episcopal 
guardians  of  the  Church ;   and    that 
while  the  dangers  which  threaten  our 
establishment  from  the  open  attacks  of 
Dissenters  or  the  wily  policy  of  the 
Papists,  are  pointed  out   in  various 
charges  of  the  bishops  to  their  clergy  ; 
as  far  as  we  know,  no  notice  has  been 
taken,  and  no  alarm  sounded,  on  the 
appearance  of  still  more    formidable 
adversaries,  even  in  our  own  ranks. 
"  Iliacos  intra  muros  peccatur."    Nor 
can  it  be  said  that  this  confidence  in 
their   present  and   growing  strength 
and  numbers  is  rather  a  vain  boast 
than  a  bold  declaration ;  for  we  find 
them  every  where  in  constant  and  de- 
termined action,  and  especially  aug- 
menting their  power  by  the  purchase 
of  every  small  living  that  can  be  procured. 
There  can  therefore  be  no  doubt  as  to 
the  nature  of  their  present  principles 
and  future  designs ;  and  it  is  on  this 
account  that   in   the   absence   of  all 
mention  of  this  important  subject  from 
the  quarter  from  which  we  looked  to 
receive  it,  i.  e.  as  we  have  said,  from 
the  Bishops  of  the  Church,  that  we 
earnestly  and  anxiously    recommend 
this  little  work  of  Mr.  Nolan  to  the 
notice  of  every  one,  whether  of  the 
clergy   or  laity,  who  are  anxious  to 
see  the  real  doctrines  of  our  Church 
clearly   stated,    and    fully  vindicated 
against  the  attacks  of  fanatical  zeal. 
It  is  written  in  a  clear  plain  style  ;  and 
the  different  topics  are  discussed  with 
temperance   and  a  full  knowledge  of 
"  that  empiricism  which  is  spreading 
corruption  to  the  vitals  of  the  Church.'* 
A   short  but  able  preface  makes  the 
reader    acquainted  with   the  motives 
which  led  to  the  publication,  and  the 
abuses  which  it  designed  to  animad- 
vert on  and  correct.     The  work  itself 
assumes  the  convenient  form  of  epis- 
tolary correspondence  ;  and  in  future 
editions  we  could  wish  to  see  the  main 
heads  of  every  letter  stated  at  the  com- 
mencement ;  and  a  short,   but  useful 
index  at  the  end  of  the  volume.  Pleased 
should  we  have  been,  had  it  been  in 
our  power  to  make  copious  selections 
from  this  able  work,  for  we  consider 
it  of  the  highest  importance  that  it 


should  be  widely  known  and  duly  esti- 
mated ;  if  to  expose  the  errors  and  check 
the    progress    of    fanatical   zeal   and 
bigotry,  and  restore  to  their  rightful 
place  the  truly  scriptural  doctrines  of 
our  Church,  be  at  all  a  work  of  im- 
portance.    To    such   writers   as  Mr. 
Nolan  and  to  our  most  learned,  pious, 
and  estimable  Oxford  Divines,  we  look 
with   confidence   and   delight  as  the 
best  bulwarks  against  this  furious  in- 
road of  Calvinistic doctrines;  we  know 
them  to  excel  our  adversaries  as  much 
in  depth  of  learning  as  in  soundness  of 
opinion  and  temperance  of  judgment ; 
but  we  repeat,  that  notwithstanding  the 
voluntary  assistance  of  such  able  cham- 
pions, we  have  a  right  to  expect  that 
the  pernicious  influence  of  such  an  ac- 
tive and  hostile  party  in  the  Church, 
should  be  exposed  and  condemned  by 
the  high  and  influential  authority  of 
the  episcopal  bench  ;  and  we  have  no 
doubt,  but  that  before  long,  there  will 
be  a  call  from  the  clergy  to  their   su- 
periors for  the    public    expression  of 
their   sentiments,  if  from   no   higher 
motive,  yet  from  this  ;  that  the  very 
action  of  the  Church  may  become  im- 
peded and  embarrassed  by  the  want  of 
unity  in  itself. 

The  Life  of  Hannah  More,  By  N. 
Thompson,  Curate  of  Wrington, 
THIS  life  we  find  is  introductory  to 
a  new  edition  of  H.  More's  Works,  to 
which  we  presume  that  of  Mr.  Roberts 
was  unfit  from  its  length,  and,  perhaps, 
from  other  causes.  We  cannot  say 
that  the  present  work  has  altogether 
satisfied  us ;  for  having  few  new  facts 
to  advance,  or  opinions  to  discuss,  and 
as  Mr.  Roberts  had  possessed  the  richest 
materials  for  the  biography,  perhaps 
it  would  have  been  the  better  plan  for 
the  present  writer  not  to  have  trodden 
the  same  ground  "  baud  passibus  se- 
quis,"  but  rather  to  have  presented  a 
summary  of  the  character  of  the  very 
estimable  person  whose  life  he  traces  ; 
and  to  have  entered  more  critically  and 
minutely  into  the  nature  of  her  writings 
and  her  opinions  ;  and  presented  us  a 
well-drawn  tablet  of  her  mind,  apart 
from  the  events  and  circumstances  of 
of  her  life,  which  had  been  previously 
given.  We  should  also  be  inclined  to 
say  that  there  is  too  much  of  the 
author's  reflections  and  observations 
mixed  up  with  the  facts  of  the  narra- 


L. 


56  "Reviiew •-^Selections fr(m  Hooker's  EeclesiasUcal  Polity,    [Jan. 

tivc ;  and  that  the  general  effect  of  the 
volume  is  heavy.  This  is  chiefly  owing 
to  so  much  of  the  best  materials  having 
been  pre-engaged,  and  partly  from  the 
endeavour  of  the  biographer  to  repre- 
sent some  circumstances  in  a  different 
light  from  that  in  which  they  appeared 
in  Mr.  Roberts's  volumes,  which  at- 
tempt necessarily  begets  explanation 
and  discussion.  After  all,  the  author 
appears  to  have  possessed  a  few  new 
materials;  among  the  best  of  which 
we  reckon  the  letter  to  the  Bishop  of 
Bath  and  Wells,  as  explanatory  of  H. 
More's  religious  tenets,  and  we  think 
the  biographer  has  successfully  rescued 
her  from  the  charge  of  Calvinism  which 
had  been  brought  against  her.  Indeed, 
we  highly  approve  of  the  spirit  and 
feeling  in  which  the  work  is  composed, 
(though  we  have  been  obliged  to  say 
that  as  a  composition  it  has  not 
answered  our  expectations,)  and  we 
believe  that  a  more  correct  view  is 
given  of  H.  More's  religious  opinions 
than  we  had  previously  received.  Her 
poetry,  we  think,  far  too  highly  esti- 
mated; but  many  of  her  works  of 
practical  morality  are  written  with  ani- 
mation and  elegance,  and  though  they 
will  be  hardly  revived  in  the  present 
day  to  any  great  popularity,  (for  deeper 
views  and  subtler  distinctions  and  wider 
knowledge  than  hers  are  now  de- 
manded,) yet  they  were  productive  of 
much  benefit  to  the  community  in  the 
days  they  were  published  ;  they  were 
read  by  those  who  never  read  sermons, 
and  they  struck  the  spark  of  a  religious 
feeling  in  the  drawing-room  and  study, 
which,  we  trust,  in  many  cases,  rose 
into  a  bright  and  holy  flame  afterwards 
in  the  church.  Her  practical  exertions 
of  charity,  and  her  personal  sacrifices 
for  the  benefit  of  the  lower  classes,  are 
above  all  praise  of  "  the  tongues  of 
men,"  and  her  life,  by  whomsoever 
written,  must  ever  be  a  life  of  instruc- 
tion and  example. 

Selections  from     tfie    Fifth  Book    of 
Hooker's  Ecclesiastical  Polity.  12mo. 

1839. 

THIS  elegant  and  admirable  little 
volume  is  selected  and  arranged  by 
Mr.  Keble  for  the  purpose  of  making 
more  generally  known  the  high  excel- 
lence of  Hooker's  writings.  Mr.  Ke- 
ble justly  observes  la  his  preface,  that 
f 


ordinary  readers,  that  is,  unlearned 
and  uncontroversial,  are  repelled  by 
the  controversial  and  occasional  cast 
of  Hooker's  great  work,  and  the  deep 
learning  and  profound  investigation 
which  he  brought  to  bear  on  every 
part  of  that  large  and  often  intricate 
field  of  inquiry. 

**  Under  these  circumstances,'*  Mr.  K. 
observes,  **  it  seemed  notunadvisabletotry 
whether  such  a  selection  could  be  made  as 
might  exhibit,  in  a  connected  form,  and 
in  the  author*s  own  words,  his  view  of  the 
Prayer  Book,  including  the  Ordination 
Service,  clear  of  the  difficulties  abovestated. 
The  selection  has  therefore  been  made 
exclusively  from  the  fifth  book  of  the 
Ecclesiastical  Polity.  Other  passages,  no 
less  beautiful,  and  perhaps  as  generally 
interesting,  might  have  been  added  from 
other  parts  of  his  remains  ;  but  the  object 
was  not  so  much  to  set  forth  the  beauties 
of  Hooker  as  to  put  devout  and  thoughtful 
persons  in  possession  of  the  principles 
with  a  view  to  which  the  English  Prayer 
Book  should  be  studied ;  and  the  misgiv- 
ings silenced  which  our  busy  fancies  are 
too  ready  to  invent  or  adopt  with  regard 
to  certain  of  its  details." 

The  author  of  this  short,  but  valu- 
able preface,  further  observes : 

**  Hooker's  special  purpose  was  to 
answer  the  objections  of  the  Puritan  party 
of  his  time  to  our  laws  and  proceedings, 
about  the  several  public  duties  of  Christian 
religion.  His  defence  of  course  ran  paral- 
lel to  their  attack,  and  comes  nearer  to  a 
companion  to  the  Prayer  Book  than  might 
have  been  expected.  ♦  •  *  Perhaps,  on 
considering  all  the  circumstances  of  the 
case,  it  will  seem  hardly  less  than  provi- 
dential that  he  was  led  to  take  so  wide  a 
range.  The  English  Church  in  his  time 
was  still  more  or  less  unsettled;  and 
rocking,  as  it  were,  from  the  effects  of  the 
Reformation,  and  the  impulse  of  one 
master  mind  might  be  all  that  was  wanted 
to  make  the  difference  between  fixing  and 
overturning  it.  In  what  direction  the 
danger  lay  the  next  century  clearly  shewed ; 
and  had  it  not  been  for  that  turn  in  our 
theology  to  which  he  was  chiefly  instru- 
mental, it  seems  probable  that  the  unsound 
opinions  which  he  contested,  instead  of 
coming  into  violent  colhsion  with  our 
own  Church,  would  have  silently  over- 
spread it  and  eaten  their  way  into  its 
vitals.  The  Prayer  Book,  instead  of  being 
turned  out  of  our  Churches  for  a  time, 
would,  in  all  likelihood,  have  been  laid  by 
for  ever  by  consent,  and  we  might  have 
been  where  Geneva  and  Holland  are  now." 


1840.] 


REViEW.^Barbidge's  Poems, 


57 


The  Editor  afterwards  observes : 

•*  Why  the  notions  of  the  foreign  re- 
formers were  likely  to  prevail  is  not  hard 
to  perceive,  considering  the  violent  measures 
of  the  Coort  of  Rome,  both  for  enforcing 
her  claims  on  England  by  the  excommu- 
nication of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  for  the 
peremptory  inculcation  of  doctrine  by  the 
Councfl  of  Trent ;  considering,  also,  the 
sort   of  connection   into  which   English 
churchmen  had  been  brought  with  Pro- 
testants abroad,  by  negotiation  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  and  Edward,  and  by  exile  under 
Mary  ;  without  blaminy  the  Reformat  ion  y 
one  may  eanly understand  fiow  these  events 
might  cause  disparagement  of  the  authority 
of  the  Catholic  Churchy  confused^   as  the 
ideas  of  men  were  (and  still  ton  often  are) 
between  that  and  the  Romish  Church/^ 

Mr.  Keble  then  mentions  Hooicer's 
acquaintance  with  Dr.  Adrian  Saravia, 
Prebendary  of  Canterbury,  and  the 
effect  which  intercourse  with  that 
learned  divine  had  on  his  mind — 

**  One  may  perceive  throughout  a  grow- 
ing tendency  to  judge  of  things  by  the 
roles  of  the  ancient  Church,  and  to  take 
not  a  Romany  nor  a  Protestant,  but 
always,  if  possible,  a  Catholic  w>w." 

Again  it  is  observed  : 

**That  there  were  not  wanting  corrc- 
iipomling  tokens  of  a  Providence  tending 
to  prepare  men's  minds  for  the  reception 
of  his  views  in  the  course  of  public  affairs 
at  the  same  time.  The  d<;ath  of  the 
Queen  of  Scots,  and  the  destruction  of  the 
Spanish  Armada,  taking  off  men's  imme- 
diate dread  of  a  violent  introduction  uf  the 
papal  power,  left  them  at  leisure  to  under- 
stand that  there  might  be  dangers  in 
another  direction,  and  to  admit  and  appre- 
ciate these  safeguards,  which  the  Catholic 
Churchy  and  that  alone,  provides  against 
both.  The  disorganising  tendencies  of 
extreme  Protestant  principles  had  been 
largely  exhibited  in  some  other  countries, 
and  were  apparent  enough  here  in  the 
proceedings  of  the  discontented  Reformers 
all  through  Elizabeth's  reign.  The  Earl 
of  Leicester,  who  had  favoured  the  Puri- 
tans, was  dead.';  the  Court  interfered  less, 
and  the  Church  of  England  was  left  free 
to  right  and  settle  herself  on  her  own 
fTOper  middle  ground.  She  did  not,  as 
some  years  before  she  might  have  done, 
resist  the  hand  which  was  commissioned 
to  steady  her.*' 

Of  the  value  of  this  selection  no  one 
can  doubt  ;  that  weight  the  name  of 
Hooker  carries  with  it ;  but  we  may 
also  add  that  it  is  one  of  high  interest, 
and  for  ourselves,  we  can  assert  that 

Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII. 


we  could  not  put  it  down  till  we  had 
read  it  through  :  in  argument,  learn- 
ing, style,  temper,  it  is  throughout 
masterly. 


Poems,  hy  Thomas  Burbidge. 

THESE  poems  are  to  be  commended 
for  much  brightness  of  fancy,  elegant 
and  ingenious  allusion,  pleasing  ima- 
gery, and,  in  some  cases,  harmonious 
versification.  They  also  partake  of  the 
common  fault  of  the  age,  much  incor- 
rectness in  the  cadences  of  the  measure, 
and  in  the  rhymes.  What  would  the 
critics  of  Queen  Anne's  correct  age  say 
to  the  rhyming  of  root,  put,  fruit  i* 

A  pillar,  twin'd  like  some  old  elm,  whose 

root 
Is  heap'd  with  leaves  of  many  a  century. 
And  Dante's  forehead  on  its  top  was  put. 
Bound  with  the  deathless  plant  which  only 

bears  no  fntit. 

Again,  p.  17 1. 

Low  and  lower  sang  the  cuckooy 
Faint  and  fainter  sang  the  echo. 

Again,  p.  170. 

Darts  of  a  sunny  light  shot  in 

Through  shutter  old,  and  green  old  glasSy 

They  cut  the  dark,  they  lit  the  skies, 

With  lustre  outside  warm — alas, 

The  bed  itself  was  warm  within, 

As  that  sweet  body  was. 

Again,  p.  172. 

A  bird  that  dallies  with  its  voice 

Among  the  matted  branches. 
Or  J)n  the  free  blue  air  her  note, 
To  pierce  and  fall,  and  rise  and  float. 

With  bolder  utterance  launches. 

Such  inaccuracies,  if  suffered  to  ex- 
tend, would  utterly  mar  the  very  beauty 
and  essence  of  versification  ;  nor  can 
they  be  compensated  (as  many  modern 
poets  seem  to  think)  by  additional 
freedom  and  power  of  expression. 
However,  we  are  certain  that  this 
carelessness  or  contempt  of  poetic  rules 
and  restrictions,  which  has  existed  and 
spread  amongst  us  since  the  days  of 
Byron  and  Scott,  will  produce  reac- 
tion ;  and,  before  long,  we  hope  to  see 
a  better  and  purer  system  of  versifica- 
tion acknowledged  as  the  vehicle  of 
poetical  thought?.  Our  a.odern  poets 
appear  to  have  altogether  neglected  the 
study  of  the  system  upon  which  their 
predecessors  wrought,  and  by  which 
they  produced  such  powerful  and  pleas- 
ing effects.  There  is  no  want  of  genius 


58 


Revirw,— Kcightlcy*8  (hid's  Fasti 


fJan: 


among  them,  many  of  their  poems  are 
bold  in  conception  and  masterly  in 
many  parts  of  the  execution ;  we  will 
even  allow  that  some  improvements  in 
versification  have  been  introduced  since 
the  days  of  Pope  ;  we  only  lament  that 
his  fine  critical  taste  and  correctness 
have  not  also  been  appreciated  by  us. 
Yet  these  are  faults  of  Mr.  Burbidge's 
age  and  times  rather  than  of  himself, 
and  with  pleasure  we  repeat  our  esti- 
mation of  his  poetical  feeling  and 
power  of  execution.  We  give  a  speci- 
men, (p.  296.) 

You  bid  me  sing — what  shall  I  sing  ? 

Of  Spring  and  Spring's  young  roses, 
When  Hope's  sweet  breeze  is  on  the  wing, 

And  Love's  sweet  hand  uncloses  ?. 
Or  sing  of  Autumn's  sad  decay, 

Trees  baring,  blossoms  blighting, 
And  sleepy  clouds,  before  mid-day, 

The  golden  sun  benighting  ? 

Oh  I  be  the  song,  you  say,  of  Spring  ! 

'Tis  fittest  so,  my  dearest ! 
When  it  is  I  that  strike  the  string, 

And  thou,  sweet  love  I  that  hearest. 
'Tis  fit,  because,  in  youth  and  health, 

We  both  sit  here  together, 
Lapp'd  soft  and  safe  in  spring-tide's  wealth 

Of  flowers  and  fairest  weather. 

So  be  it — shall  I  tell  thee  how. 

In  all  these  pleasures  round  us. 
Are  mingled  snares  to  overthrow, 

And  glories  to  confound  us  ? 
How  silently  into  the  breast, 

With  these  delicious  breezes, 
Are  drawn  deep  heart-aches  unconfest, 

And  treacherous  iliseases  ? 

How  many  a  parent's  heart  hath  traced 

To  such  an  hour  as  this  is. 
The  loss  which  still  for  him  lays  waste 

Our  yet  unchallenged  blisses  ! 
A  pause,  to  see  the  sunbeams  pass, 

The  annual  bowers  renewing. 
An  eve  spent  thus  upon  the  grass, 

Such  talk  as  ours  pursuing. 

Nay,  nay,  not  so — with  hope,  not  fear, 
Be  youth  and  health  augmented. 

Nor  be  the  freshness  of  the  year 

*    With  such  sere  wisdom  tainted. 

If  ev'ry  tree  along  the  ground 
The  autumn  winds  were  scenting, 

Where  were  the  shady  arbours  found 
The  summer  heat  relenting  ? 

Wild  works  the  heart  in  bondage  here  ; 

And  shall  we  then  unchain  it. 
No  watchful  doubt,  no  prudent  fear. 

To  warn  it  or  restrain  it  ? 
Through  rugged  roads  its  path  must  lie, 

And  places  dark  and  lonely  ; 
And  shall  we  teach  th'  untronbrd  eye 

To  look  for  suDshine  only  ? 


Nay,  doubt  not,  friend,  the  genial  mood, 

A  slavish  fear  preferring  ; 
It  is  not  fear,  but  gratitude, 

Keeps  best  the  heart  from  erring. 
With  firmer  care,  she  warns,  made  strong 

By  prescient  recollections ; 
With  tenderer  feet  she  treads  among 

The  fanciful  affections. 

She  never  wounds  with  breath  austere 

The  buds  of  kindly  feeling ; 
With  love  she  works,  from  love  down  here 

To  upper  love  appealing. 
By  memory  stretching  to  a  past 

Of  favour  felt  already. 
And  Faith  that  holds  the  future  fast, 

She  keeps  the  present  steady. 

A  curious  eye  that  asks  in  all 

Whose  grace  and  glory  wears  it, 
A  heart  that  listens  for  the  call. 

And  answers  when  it  hears  it. 
No  more  she  needs  to  guide  us  by, 

Through  earth's  most  dangerous  blisses, 
Dear  friend,  have  we  that  watchftd  eye, 

And  such  a  heart  as  this  is  ? 

Had  we  room,  we  could  quote  some 
of  the  sonnets  and  descriptive  poems 
with  pleasure. 

Ovid's  Fasti,  with  Notes  and  Introdue* 
tion.  By  Thomas  Keightley,  8fc, 
Svo. 

MR.  KEIGHTLEY'S  classical  pub- 
lications  show  snund  and  extensive 
scholarship,  accompanied  with  the 
greatest  diligence  and  care  in  the  col- 
lection and  arrangement  of  his  mate- 
rials. In  the  present  volume  he  has 
evinced  a  critical  taste  and  judgment 
in  the  selection  of  his  readings,  and 
his  reasoning  on  disputed  passages  is 
at  once  candid  and  correct.  The  poem 
itself  is  among  the  most  curious  and 
valuable  relics  of  poetical  antiquity ; 
it  embraces  a  vast  store  of  learning,  in 
a  most  felicitous  manner  converted 
into  poetry,  and  it  is  interspersed  with 
some  beautiful  passages  and  some  ele- 
gant and  expressive  arrangements  of 
words.  Mr.  Keightley  has  given  a 
very  useful,  and,  indeed,  necessary  In- 
troduction, and  accompanied  the  text 
with  a  body  of  critical  and  illustrative 
Notes.  He  has  consulted  the  best 
editions,  and  knows  how  to  estimate 
the  relative  importance  of  the  commen- 
tators. We  have  very  little  to  observe 
or  add,  but  shall  make  a  remark  on 
one  or  two  passages. 

Fast.  Lib.  ii.  109,  p.  42. 

Flebilibns  velnti  numeris  canentia  duri, 
Tn^ectus  peuii  tempora  canit  olor. 


X 


\ 


1840.  j    RsTisw.— Sotheby  on  the  HanO^mting  of  Melanchthan.         5d 

huffah  is  a  later  importation  into  Italy. 
The  fine  white  and  dun-coloured  oxen 
of  the  North  of  Italy,  are,  we  believe, 
originally  from  Hungary. 

P.  212.  Mr,  Keightley  conjectures 
that  Gray  might  recollect  the  passage 
in  Ovid,  "Tibridoce  verum."  (Fast. 
5,  635,)  when  he  wrote  "  Say,  Father 
Thames  ;"  but  Gray  found  these  very 
v^ords  in  Greene's  poem  of  the  Grotto 
(See  Dodsley's  Collection,  5,  159.) — 


Mr.  Keightley  observes,  '^  This  dis- 
tich wms  justly  suspected  by  Heinsius. 
There  is  a  corruption  in  it  which  it  is 
now,  perhaps,  impossible  to  cure. 
Banoan  understood  by  penna  an 
arrow  ;  others  think  it  denotes  a  hard 
feather,  which  the  swan  gets  when 
old,"  he.  The  difficulty  appears 
to  us  to  lie  chiefly  in  the  word  "  ca- 
nentia;"  but  Heinsius  quotes  from 
Vifg.^n.  z.  418. 

Ut  senior  letho  eanentia  Imnina  solvit. 

Though  he  adds,  "  de  oloribus  alibi 
nihil  simile  legi."  But  the  Hercules 
Fur.  of  Euripides  will  afford  a  similar 
expression. 

Kvicvoff  it£  yifmv  a6d^i  nokiap  rV  ycwiuv 

V.  694. 

Now  as  it  is  well  known  in  fable 
that  this  bird  sung  sweetest  in  his  dying 
hour,  KvKVos  yap  ^dirrarov  ficXor  aba 
ytfpaaKtav.  v.  Orus  Apoll.  ii.  3,  p.  100. 
so  the  poet  would  say,  "That  the 
swan,  pierced  by  an  arrow,  and  there- 
fore dying"  an  untimely  death,  (in  which 
.  the  force  of  the  simile  lies,)  anticipates, 
as  it  were,  that  funeral  song  which 
would  prognosticate  and  accompany  his 
natural  decay  in  old  age.  v.  Martial 
Ep.  xiii.  77. 

Dolcia  defect4  modulatur  carmina  lingua 
Cantator  Cycnus  foneris  ipse  sui. 

The  aged  swan  had  alone  the  gifts 
of  song  and  divination. 

Campis  dives  Apollo  sic  Myrinis, 
Sic  semper  Senibus  fruare  Cycnis. 

Lib.  v.  607. 
JJlAJubam  dextr4,  Isevft  retinebat  amictus. 

Mr.Keightley  observes,  "  It  is  rather 
unusual  to  speak  of  the  mane  or  juba 
of  a  bull.  Ovid,  however,  does  so 
elsewhere."  Nor  was  this  incorrect  in 
the  poet.  There  were  anciently  two  dis- 
tinct breeds  of  the  "  bos  "  in  Europe, 
one  with  a  mane,  one  without ;  the 
bos  uru»  and  the  bos  taurus.  The 
wrui  was  the  wild  shaggy  bison  of  the 
Hungarian  forests,  which  has  been 
destroyed,  with  the  exception  of  a  herd 
of  about  eight  hundred,  that  are 
preserved  with  great  care  by  the  Em- 
peror of  Russia  in  some  forests  on  the 
borders  of  Poland,  and  that  are 
placed  under  the  superintendence  of  a 
nobleman  of  rank  as  their  keeper.  The 
hot  toMHU  now  is  the  civilized  ox.  The 


Say,  father  7!ftamef,  whose  gentle  pace 
Gives  leave  to  view  what  beauties  grace 
Your  flowery  banks,  if  you  have  seen^  &c. 

P.  243.  The  Lituus,  says  Mr. 
Keightley,  was  the  staff  with  a  curved 
top.  Used  by  the  augurs  :  its  form  has 
been  retained  in  the  bishop's  crosier. 
He  should  have  said  the  bishop's  staff 
or  crook.  It  is  only  the  archbishop 
who  has  a  crosier,  and  which  is  formed 
in  the  shape  of  a  cross. 

We  cordially  recommend  this  edi- 
tion to  the  higher  classes  of  schools 
and  to  Universities.* 


Observations  upon  the  Handwriting  of 
Philip  Melanchthon,  illustrated  with 
Facsimiles  :  also,  a  few  specimens  of 
the  Autoqraph  of  Martin  Luther. 
By  S.  Leigh  Sotheby.    4/o, 

THE  contents  of  this  volume  are  of 
an  extraordinary  and  very  curious 
nature.  It  is  written  in  illustration  of 
more  than  thirty  large  plates,  each 
filled  with  fac-similes  in  lithography 
of  a  vast  number  of  scraps  of  ancient 
writing,  either  the  actual  or  the  pre- 
sumed remains  of  the  active  pen  of  Me- 
lanchthon  ;  and  these,  for  the  most 
part,  are  not  letters,  or  treatises,  but 
detached  fragments  and  marginal  anno- 
tations, of  all  shapes  and  forms,  and 
in  so  great  an  apparent  variety  of 
hands,  as  might  puzzle  and  confound 
the  most  experienced  scrutiny  of  an 
Upcott  or  a  Dawson  Turner. 

The  origin  of  the  laborious  investi- 


*  There  are  two  translations  of  the 
Fasti  into  English  verse,  the  one  by  Johit 
Gower,  A.M.  1640, 12mo.  ;  the  second  by 
W.  Massey,  of  Wandsworth,  1757,  8vo. 
the  same  author  who  wrote  on  *'  Letters,*' 
&c.  Tliere  i»  a  severe  but  just  criticism  on 
this  lairt  by  Goldsmith ;  see  his  Misc. 
Works,  vol.  iv.  p.  87,  or  Prior's  edit.  p. 
418. 


6a 


Review.— Sotheby  (m  the  Handwriting  o/Melanchthon.     [Jan. 


gation  which  Mr.  Leigh  Sotheby  has 
thus  imposed  upon  himself,  which  he 
has  executed  with  so  much  zeal  and 
assiduity,  and  put  forth  in  so  hand- 
some a  form,  was  the  circumstance  of 
being  entrusted  with  the  care,  for  sale 
by  auction,  of  the  library  of  Dr.  Kloss 
of  Frankfort,  in  the  year  1835.  That 
library  was  one  of  considerable  extent, 
and  consisted  chiefly  of  books  printed 
during  the  fifteenth  century,  and  col- 
lected with  the  view  of  forming  a 
series  of  Supplements  to  Panzer's 
Typographical  Annals.  (See  a  brief 
account  of  it  in  our  number  for  April 
1835,  vol.  III.  p.  417.) 

Shortly  before  the  sale,  Mr.  L.  So- 
theby discovered  grounds  for  supposing 
that  the  marginal  annotations  in  many 
of  the  volumes  were  those  of  the  learned 
reformer,  Philip  Melanchthon ;  but 
the  want  of  time  prevented  him  from 
substantiating  his  proofs,  and  his 
conjectures  were  received  by  the  pur- 
chasers with  a  considerable  amount  of 
incredulity.  From  the  same  cause  it 
appears  that  he  overlooked  some 
volumes  not  less  curious  than  those 
which  had  then  attracted  his  atten- 
tion ;  and  that  the  more  deliberate 
study  which  he  has  since  paid  to  the 
subject  has  revealed  many  additional 
proofs,  and  disclosed  other  matters  of 
some  importance.  On  the  whole, 
whatever  ipay  be  said  on  the  utility  of 
multiplying  copies  of  so  many  mere 
scraps  of  writing,  it  cannot  be  denied 
that  this  is  a  very  curious  volume, 
that  it  developes  at  the  first  view  several 
points  of  interest,  and  that  other  con- 
tingent results  may  possibly  arise  from 
its  singular  contents,  of  which  a  super- 
ficial observer  cannot  easily  form  au 
idea. 

A  very  extensive  and  important 
work  is  now  in  the  course  of  publi- 
cation at  Halle,  under  the  title  of 
Corpus  Rcformatorum,  edited  by  Prof. 
Bretschneidcr.  Five  volumes  have  been 
already  published,  and  they  contain  the 
letters  of  Melanchthon,  with  some  of 
his  writings  in  connexion  with  them, 
to  the  year  1545  inclusive. 

It  is  a  well-ascertained  fact  in  Me- 
lanchthon's  history  that  he  was  a  great 
collector  of  books,  and  apparently  not 
less  certain  (which  is  not  so  prevalent 
with  collectors)  that  he  was  a  liberal 
distributor  of  them.     His  friend  and 

biographer  Camerariasj   after    men* 


tioning  his  practice  of  always  taking 
with  him  to  public  places  a  copy  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures,  adds :  "  And  as  he 
was  in  the  custom  of  inscribing  in  his 
books  the  useful  and  remarkable  passages 
from  the  works  of  the  ancients  which 
principally  caught  his  attention  in 
their  perusal,  occasionally  illustrating 
them  with  his  own  observations,  those 
who  happened  to  see  these  books  be- 
came particularly  eager  to  obtain  pos- 
session of  them.  Philip,  therefore, 
being  naturally  very  liberal,  and  in- 
clined to  please  everybody  as  far  as  was 
in  his  power,  frequently  supplied,  by 
purchasing  others,  the  place  of  those 
which  had  either  been  stolen  from 
him,  or  bestowed  upon  his  friends." 

The  industry  of  Melanchthon  as  na 
annotator  is  amply  developed  in  Mr. 
Sotheby's  fac-similes,  which  are  de- 
rived from  about  ninety  volumes,  above 
sixty  of  which  are  classical  authors, 
and  about  twenty- five  theological ;  the 
greater  part  of  which,  though  some 
may  still  admit  of  doubt,  are  identified 
by  his  autograph  or  initials,  fully 
proving  the  constancy  with  which  he 
fulfilled  his  own  maxim,  written  on 
a  copy  of  Urbani  Institutiones  Graecae 
Grammaticae,  printed  by  Aldus  at 
Venice  in  1497 — 

Nulla  dies  ahsit  quin  tinea  ducta  supersit, 
PH.   MELANCHTHON. 

Nor  was  he  less  sedulous  in  his 
epistolary  labours. 

**  Professor  Bretschneidcr  enumerates 
upwards  of  nine  hundred  letters  of  Me- 
lanchthon preserved  in  the  public  libraries 
in  Germany;  including,  at  Gotha  63, 
Basle  120,  Dresden  in,  HaUc  10,  Ha- 
never  1 1 ,  Munich  ^^S,  Nuremberg  20, 
Breslau  6*8,  Weimar  13,  and  Gottiugen  7. 
The  learned  professor  observes  that  three 
distinct  kinds  of  writing  are  to  be  found 
in  the  autograph  letters  of  Melanchthon — 
that,  as  u  young  man,  he  wrote  a  small, 
thin,  and  close  hand,  as  are  his  letters 
from  1518  to  1531;  that  from  1531  to 
1541  Melanchthon,  using  pens  less  fine, 
wrute  a  less  elegant  and  coarser  hand, 
leaving  a  greater  space  between  each  word  ; 
that  in  thuse  after  1541  (the  year  in  which 
Melanchthon  hurt  his  right  liand),  and 
)>articularly  for  the  last  ten  years  of 
his  life,  his  writing  was  very  coarse,  as  if 
written  with  a  broken-nibbed  j)cn,  the 
words  being  very  much  apart ;  and  further 
states  that  Melanchthon' s  letters  from 
1 558  to  1 560  appear  more  to  have  been 
written  with  a  wooden  »tyle  than  with  a 


1 840.]       Rbyibw. — Watts  on  the  reputed  Earliest  Newspaper.  6 1 


Professor  Bretschneider  also  re- 
rks  that  no  one,  on  comparing  the 
•Btogprmph  letters  of  Melanchthon  written 
from  1518  to  1550,  with  those  between 
1550  to  1560,  wonld  think  they  could 
hKwe  been  written  by  the  same  person.'* 

All  this  ought  to  convert  the  sceptics, 
and  bring  them,  cap  in  hand,  to  beg 
Mr.  Leigh  Sotheby's  pardon  and  for- 
giteness.  There  is  an  excellent  spe- 
cimen of  the  "  wooden-style  "  or 
skewer  penmanship  in  Plate  xxvii. 
It  is  a  letter  to  Martin  Bucer,  and  the 
original  is  in  the  possession  of  Mr. 
Dawson  Turner.  As  it  is  entire,  we 
will  endeavour  to  transcribe  it,  though 
it  is  nearly  as  obscure  as  the  hiero- 
glyphics of  the  great  Dr.  Samuel  Parr. 

*'  Reverendo  viro  erudutione  et  virtute 
fr^Mtanti  D.  Martino  Bucero  in  Anglia 
iocemii  Ewtngelhtm,  patri  suo  carianmo. 

S.  D.  Reverende  vir  et  amice  carissime. 
Dei  benefido  adhuc  ilorent  in  his  vicinis 
Academiis  studia  nostrum  doctrinarum 
Biediocriter ;  at  in  Ecclesiis  nulla  doctrinGB 
ant  ritanm  mutatio  facta  est.  Bellum 
Bobis  Flacius  lUyricns  homo  facetiosus 
infert,  de  veste  Unea.  Sed  quas  habeat 
faces  suspicere  potes.  Mitto  tibi  orationem 
de  Cmcigero,*  quae  et  ipsa  (testis  est 
erased)  ostendet  studia  hujus  Academiae. 
Te  rogo  ut  sepe  scribas  de  Ecclesiis  et 
de  Francisco  Dryandro.  Nam  bellorum  (?) 
kistoriK  alioqui  adferuntur.  Regi  An- 
giico  dedicavit  Vitus  noster  Sophoclis  in- 

terpretationem,  quam  et  exhiberi 

et Bene  vale.    De  Luca  1549. 

"  Philippus  Mclathon." 

The  last  passage  has  fairly  defeated 
our  skill  in  decyphering ;  and,  after 
that,  it  is  somewhat  difficult  to  be  re- 
conciled to  Mr.  Sotheby's  assurance 
that  the  "  print "  or  "  copper-plate  " 
writing  in  Plate  xxiii.  is  also  Me- 
laocbthon's.  We  allude  to  a  letter 
from  the  Elector  of  Saxony  and  Land- 
grave of  Hesse  addressed  to  King  Henry 
VI II.  of  which  the  original  is  preserved 
among  the  Cottonian  Manuscripts.  It 
is,  however,  satisfactorily  shown  to 
have  been  the  composition  of  this  la- 
borious man.  It  is  a  well-known  fact 
in  his  life  that  he  attended  the  assembly 
of  Protestant  princes,  assembled  at 
Smalcald,  in  1537  :  and  in  a  letter 
written  by  himself  to  Justus  Jonas  he 
mentions  bis  being  detained  there  in 
writing  letters  to  crowned  heads.     It 


is  on  this  occasion  that  his  biographer 
Cox  has  remarked  that  Melanchthon 
"  may  not  inaptly  be  termed  the  pen  of 
the  Reformation."  A  letter  to  the 
King  of  Spain,  which  is  included  in 
the  Corpus  of  Prof.  Bretschneider, 
proves  to  be  a  counterpart  of  this  to 
Henry  VIII. 

We  have  not  space  to  notice  at 
length  the  curious  matters  drawn  by 
Mr.  Sotheby  from  Melanchthon's 
commonplace  book ;  but  we  must  now 
conclude  with  remarking  that  towards 
the  close  of  this  singular  volume  are 
appended  several  pieces  in  the  hand- 
writing of  Martin  Luther. 


*  His  oration  on  the  death  of  his  friend 
Cttper  Cnadger, 


A  Letter  to  Antonio  Panizzi,  Esq. 
Keeper  of  the  Printed  Books  in  the 
British  Museum,  on  tfie  reputed  Ear^ 
liest  Printed  Newspaper,  *'  The  Eng- 
lish  Mercurie,  1588."  By  Thomas 
Watts,  of  the  British  Museum.  Svo. 
pp.  16. 

WE  have  here  the  developement  of 
one  of  the  most  extraordinary  decep- 
tions that  has  ever  been  known  in  the 
annals  of  jiterature — extraordinary, 
not  so  much  from  the  skill  or  inge- 
nuity with  which  the  fabrication  was 
contrived,  for  it  is  one  that  evinces 
more  imagination  than  knowledge, — 
as  for  the  wide  range  in  which  its  cre- 
dit has  been  diffused,  and  the  length 
of  time  that  it  has  remained  unde- 
tected. 

Who  may  have  been  its  original  au- 
thor, and  to  what  extent  he  intended 
to  carry  the  deception,  cannot  now  be 
ascertained,  and  may  perhaps  remain 
for  ever  unknown  ;  but  the  forgery 
had  quietly  remained  for  nearly  thirty 
years  among  Birch's  manuscripts, 
when  Mr.  George  Chalmers,  with  a 
surprising  want  of  caution,  became  its 
foster  parent,  and  successfully  intro- 
duced it  into  the  stream  of  literary  his- 
tory. It  came  forth  with  the  air  of  an 
historical  monument  that  had  long  re- 
mained in  undeserved  oblivion  in  the 
recesses  of  the  national  library ;  no 
suspicion  was  excited  ;  but  the  dis- 
coverer and  the  source  t  of  his  disco- 
very appear  to  have  been  regarded  as 

t  111  this  renpect  Mr.  Chalinors  com- 
mitted the  careless  error  of  quoting  the 
Sloniic    MSS.  instead  of  the  Additional 

f^a^,  derived  from  Dr.  Bireb. 


62 


Revibw,— Watts  on  the  reputed  Earliest  Newspaper.        [Jan. 


alike  infallible.  So  easily  are  people 
deceived  when  they  suspect  no  motive 
of  deception ;  and  so  readily  and  con* 
tentedly  do  men  walk  into  pitfalls 
when  they  see  no  one  near  to  jeer  at 
them. 

But  we  must  quote  at  length  Mr. 
Chalmers's  triumphant  account  of  this 
mare's  nest,  which  was  introduced  on 
a  passing  occasion  of  alluding  to  the 
history  of  Newspapers,  in  his  Life  of 
Ruddiman,  1794 : 

'*  After  inquiring,  in  various  countries, 
for  the  origin  of  News-papers,  I  had  the 
satisfaction  to  find  what  I  sought  for,  in 
England.  It  may  gratify  our  national 
pride  to  be  told,  that  mankind  are  in- 
debted to  ^the  wisdom  of  Elizabeth,  and 
the  prudence  of  Burleigh  [Burghley] ,  for 
the  first  news-paper.  The  epoch  of  the 
Spanish  Armada  is  also  the  epoch  of  a 
genuine  news-paper.  In  the  British  Mu- 
seum there  are  several  news- papers, 
which  had  been  printed  while  the  Spanish 
fleet  was  in  the  English  Channel,  during 
the  year  1588.  It  was  a  wise  policy  tu 
prevent,  during  a  moment  of  general  anx- 
iety, the  danger  of  false  reports,  by  pub- 
lishing  real  information.  And  the  earli- 
est news-paper  is  entitled  The  English 
Mercurie,  which,  by  Authority,  *  was 
imprinted  at  London,  by  Christopher  Bar- 
ker, her  Highnesses  printer,  1588.' 

**  Burleigh's  news-papers  were  all  Ej:- 
traordtnarp  Gazettesy  wliich  were  pub- 
lished ftom  time  to  time,  as  that  profound 
statesman  wished,  either  to  inform,  or  to 
terri^  tlie  people.  The  Mercuries  were 
probably  first  printed  in  April,  158fS, 
when  the  Armada  approaclied  the  shores 
of  England.  After  the  Spanish  ships  had 
been  dispersed,  by  a  wonderful  exertion 
of  prudence  and  spirit,  these  Extraordi- 
nary Gazettes  very  seldom  appeared. 
The  Mercurie,  No.  54,  which  is  dated  on 
Monday,  November  24th,  1588,  informed 
the  public,  that  the  solemn  thanksgiving 
for  the  successes  which  had  been  obtained 
against  the  Spanish  Armada,  was  this  day 
strictly  observed.  This  number  contains 
also  an  article  of  news  from  Madrid,  which 
speaks  of  putting  the  Queen  to  death,  and 
of  the  instruments  of  torture  that  were 
ou  board  the  Spanish  fleet.    We  may  sup- 

Sse,  that  such  paragraphs  were  designed 
the  policy  of  Burleigh,  who  understood 
the  artifices  of  printing,  to  excite  the 
terrors  of  the  English  people,  to  point 
their  resentment  against  Spain,  and  to 
intlnmc  their  love  for  Eliiabeth. 

**  Yet,  are  we  told,  that  posts  gave  rise 
to  weekly -papers,  which  are  likewite  a 
Ftmck  mrciiium.  The  inventor  was 
Ihoophnit  RtBimdo^  a  phyiici«ii  wh«f 


laying  ^s  scheme  before  Cardinal  Rich« 
lieu,  obtained  from  him  a  patent  for  The 
Paris  GazettCf  which  was  first  published 
in  April  1631.  Thus  would  confident  ig- 
norance transfer  this  invention,  which  is 
so  usefully  advantageous  to  the  governors 
and  the  governed,  from  the  English  Bur- 
leigh to  the  French  Richlieu.  The  dates 
demonstrate,  that  the  pleasures  and  the 
benefits  of  a  news-paper  were  enjoyed  in 
England  more  than  forty  years  before  the 
establishment  of  the  Paris  Oazeitet  by 
Renaudot,  in  France.  And  the  EngUsk 
Mercurie  will  remain  an  incontestable 
proof  of  the  existence  of  a  printed  news- 
paper in  England,  at  an  epoch  when  no 
othpr  nation  can  boast  a  vehicle  of  news 
of  a  similar  kind." 

This  wonderful  statement  was  un- 
fortunately admitted  by  Mr.  Nichols 
into  the  elaborate  account  of  early 
newspapers,  which,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Ayscoqgh,  he 
formed  in  the  fourth  volume  of  the  Li- 
terary Anecdotes  ;  and  even  the  acute 
and  inquiring  Mr.  D'Israeli,  who,  in 
the  early  editions  of  the  Curiosities  of 
Literature  had  given  an  article  on  the 
Origin  of  Newspapers,  in  which  no 
allusion  was  made  to  the  English  Mer- 
curic, inserted  an  account  of  the  al- 
leged discovery,  almost  in  the  words 
of  Chalmers,  in  subsequent  editions. 
Up  to  the  present  time,  it  has  been  con- 
tinually transferred  to  an  endless  train 
of  Encyclopedias  and  Miscellanies, 
English  and  foreign,  including  the 
Conversations-Lexikons  of  Germany, 
and  Encyclopedias  prineted  in  France, 
Russia,  and  America. 

That  no  one  literary  inquirer,  dur- 
ing a  course  of  fifty  years,  should  ever 
have  thought  of  examining  the  preten- 
sions  of  these  documents,  is  certainly 
astonishing.  There  were  circumstances 
even  in  the  account  given  by  Mr. 
Chalmers,  which  ought  to  have  con- 
demncd  them.  It  might  have  occurred 
to  any  one  who  began  to  think  upon 
the  subject,  that  it  was  strange  there 
should  be  no  other  copies  preserved  of 
so  interesting  a  publication ;  that  no 
previous  number  should  have  occurred 
of  a  periodical  work  which  had  at- 
tained its >{/"/y-/ottr/A number;  that  no 
subsequent  number  of  a  publication 
Burghley  had  once  patronised  and  em- 
ployed should  have  been  found.  Even 
the  orthography  of  an  extract  which 
Chalmers  gave  in  a  note  should  have 

excited  some  suspicion;  aod  the  ad- 


V 


1840.]      RSTifiW.— Waits  on  tie  reputed  EarJiest  Netesfmper. 


63 


tcrtisemenU  of  books  would  have  been 
premmtare  in  newspapers  of  sixty  years 
laler.  Bat  an  examination  of  the  pa- 
pers themselves,  which  were  within 
dmily  call  at  the  British  Museum, 
would  have  furnished  at  once  the  most 
erident  proofs  of  falsehood,  as  it  has 
done  to  Mr.  Watts.* 

The  t3q>e  proves  to  be  only  about  a 
centiuy  old,  instead  of  two  centuries 
and  a  half;  the  spelling  is  very  dif- 
ierent  to  that  of  books  actually  printed 
in  1S88  ;  the  paging  of  the  sheets  is 
ill  managed,  as  well  as  their  numbers, 
and  so  are  the  intervals  of  time  be- 
tween them ;  whilst  with  respect  to  the 
kiaiwrical  materials  of  the  fabrication, 
it  is  qnite  sufficient  to  proceed  a  very 
few  lines  only  in  comparing  them  with 
real  authorities  to  prove  their  inaccu- 
racy and  absurdity.  To  crown  the 
whole,  the  numuseript  copies  of  these 
newspapers  are  found  with  the  printed 
copies;  and  they  arc  in  the  writing 
and  paper  of  the  last  century,  the  or- 
thography partly  modified  to  an  ima- 
ginary antiquity,  and  partly  not.  After 
all,  the  originai  motives  of  deception 
may  not  have  laid  very  deep ;  and  the 
principal  weight  of  blame  rests  with 
Mr.  George  Chalmers,  who  so  un- 
vrisely,  and  in  several  respects  inaccu- 
rately, adopted  the  foundling. 

Having  now  performed  our  part  of 
exposing  to  its  merited  scorn  this  long 
established  error — which,  however, 
like  others  of  the  kind,  must  be  ex- 
pected to  raise  its  hydra-head  again 
and  again  before  it  is  utterly  extinct — 
we  have  merely  to  express  our  appro- 
bation of  the  skill  and  knowledge  with 
which  it  has  been  laid  bare  and  anato- 
mised by  Mr.  Watts ;  but  there  is 
another  subject  alluded  to  towards  the 
end  of  this  curious  pamphlet,  which 
appears  to  call  u|xjn  u.s  for  some  further 
remark. 

**  Another  error  on  the  subject  of  tUv 
oriipn    of    newspjipers    remniu«    to    be 


noticed.  '  The  first  gazette  published  in 
these  parts/  we  are  told  in  Chambers's 
and  in  Rees's  Cyclopaedia,  'is  said  to 
have  been  that  of  Paris ,  begun  in  the  year 
1631  by  Theophrast  Renaudot,  a  physi- 
cian of  Montpelier,  in  his  office  of  intel- 
ligence.' The  same  assertion  is  attri- 
buted by  Chalmers  and  the  Encyclopaedia 
Londinensis  to  Horace  Walpole,  is  men- 
tioned in  the  Encyclopedia  Metropoli- 
tana,  and  is  considered  by  all  three  as 
confuted  by  the  discovery  of  the  English 
Mercury.  How  this  should  have  been 
necessary  to  confute  it  is  not  very  obvious , 
since  in  all  the  accounts  of  the  origin  of 
newspapers,  of  any  length,  those  of  the 
above  three  authorities  included,  a  list  is 
given  of  several  which  appeared  in  Eng- 
land long  before  the  date  of  1631.  To 
prove  that  the  Paris  Gazette  was  not  the 
first,  there  needs  in  fact  no  further  au- 
thority than  the  Paris  Gazette  itself. 
The  very  first  sentence  of  the  Dedication 
to  the  King,  prefixed  to  |tbe  first  volume, 
states  t  that  '  it  is  a  remark  worthy  of 
history,  that  France,  so  curious  after 
novelties,  should  never,  under  sixty-three 
kings,  have  thought  of  pubUshing  a 
Gazette  or  weekly  collection  of  foreign 
and  domestic  news,  in  the  same  manner 
as  other  states  and  as  all  Us  neighbours,* 
*  The  publication  of  Gazettes,*  adds  the 
preface  in  the  first  page,  '  is  indeed  a 
novelty  but  in  France  only,*  Never  was 
an  unfounded  report  so  easily  and  com- 
pletely demolished,  except,  perhaps,  in  a 
parallel  case,  so  curious  that  it  should  not 
be  omitted.  The  Gentleman's  Magazine 
unaccountably  passes  for  the  first  peri- 
odical of  that  description,  while,  in  fact, 
it  was  preceded  nearly  forty  years  by  the 
Gentleman's  Journal  of  Motteux,  a  work 
much  more  closely  resembling  our  modem 
mai^azines,  and  from  which  Sylvanus 
Urban  borrowed  part  of  his  title  and  part 
of  his  motto  ; — and  while  on  the  first  page 
of  the  first  numbers  of  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  itself,  it  is  stated,  that  it  con- 
tains *  more  than  ajiy  book  of  the  kind  and 
prtce. 

Now,  iij)()n  the  latter  part  of  this 
passage  we  must  observe,  that  it  is  not 
MO  well  considered  as  the  greater  part 


*  Wt*  may  here  mention  that  anothtr  remarkable  discovery  has  recently  been  made 
at  the  British  Museum,  which  is,  that  the  Hamilton  Vase  (not  the  Portland  Vase,  as 
was  erroBeously  stated  in  the  Literary  Gazette)  has  the  names  of  the  figurcri  ui>on  it 
denignatcd  by  tnHcriptionf.  which  li:iv;^  hitlierto  been  conceided  by  the  dishonest  paint 
of  *ome  former  possessor.  Thi>  jliscovcry  has  hi'cn  ma«lc  by  Mr.  (ierhard,  who 
will  nhortly  publish  a  full  exposition  of  it. 

f  "  •  Cent  Wen  une  rem.irque  <ligne  de  I'histoire  ipie  dessouz  soixantctrois  Roys, 
la  PniBcei  li  curicuM  de  nonveautez,  ne  se  soit  point  avizee  de  publier  la  Gazette  on 
recueil  par  chacone  semalne  des  nouvelles  tant  domestiquesau'estrangcrcs,  ^  Texemple 
dca  aatres  Estats,  et  mesmc  de  tous  scs  voisins.'  '  La  publication  des  Gasettes  est  i 
la  vcriU  sottvdle  maia  en  France  seulcmcnt.* " 


I. 


I 


n   Lnnnvn.:r 


■  • 


•?    '-hni    'JiHi     //     •'-     -    :       .  .  .• 

■A'lich    \\vi\*    \:    ::        :      ■■"•' 

•••  ss  null/  i.'  I.ii:,.!   :..  "    ■'.' 

7     ■r'n!''(l  cfsf!''':' rt    /      r   -    1  ..'(* 

>,.< ."  tho  titK'-;  ot" v.- •.:..".;  :.:  :]\n 

'..hi  which  C(ii:iinU'-  i  r  _•  \\r. 

■  ■iiijMralivily   nr-.  r.*.   :  ..:.    ;.    f!i 

!'-pa'.:i'  of  tlu"  .M:ij.'.:.:    . 

.  ^c  iv'W  lactH  .Mr.  \V./.>  v.     .  !!mi1 

•.■   .•'.>rriTt  ;   uiid   if,    .'.    '..•"    "     .Iid- 

».mI  ri'scaic'hc-:,  1  ■■-   -';         '.    :aiv{. 

•   i!v  DlhiTs  whir},   m.-.y  ..  ..-Tatt- 

v-i  tho  arinaU  (if  lir.  riwy   ;-.  ri-ili- 

-    •  thi' inti'ivaMit-rw  ■:,*:.■  .1    .iiha! 

V-  •'.'..'uv  anrl  till-  li"-*    Mnjn  it  v    t.i* 

.I-'.  \\i'"*]iall  h«     aiii'ii.j   ^'..■■-■-   wh'i 

p.-t'i'ivi'  thi'ii   w'.'.ii    !h.     Li  :n:i'>-t 

..■-    '.:.iv-ii»>M. 

'■''.•  I»aini)hKt    i.-^  rone  lu'li-l   v.  irli  n 
■  11%  lliat  ihi-  <1;hiii  otjudihicnj  tlic 

■  ^'  pjintiMl   Fl('W■^|laj^^'r  iim>t   br  cnn- 

■  >«'i-vl    h»'twc«'!i    X'cnici'    and    Nuri'iii- 
•v-:.;.      Vfnicc  is  L'<iuTally  iiiuhrstcioil 

'  •  havi'  l)iTn  llii'  hirth-]»la(i'  i)f  (in. 
■■"■s.  as  \hv  tjazrla  was  tin-  uaiiu'  of 
.1  K\n\\  tht'ic  for  wliicli  tlu'  lu'ws  was 
N.»lil  ;  hut  tlu'M'  ari'  aUo  said  ti)  havj* 
Hx'ri  irrit/rn  ncw^-h'ttor.s, — a  kind  of 
'!U»llis;i'nci'  of  which  privntr  cxampKs 
.ui'  lii'inirnt  in  our  own  cnrrcsjjond- 
tMu'i'  of  fiiruiiT  tinu's,  and  the  (iov«Tri- 
iMi-nt  of  W'uico  is  said  not  tn  havi- 
piMiniili'd  thiMu  to  pa>^  siih  firrln.  \i 
iiin.un>  to  hi  asciTtaincd  when-  l]u-\ 
wx'iK'  f>''iiiffif  lir-t  ;  and  wr  hope  thr 
!!i'i'ii'-iiM:'.  incpiiry  will  I)c  pursui'd. 


I  >i  lh»-  i;i.mts  of  htcraturr  to  which  tliosi- 

.'i\>  i..»\»'  hiith  ;   thus   was  |N»p,-  Clfnu-nt. 

'■\,'  I'l  hih  I'liilihi!  til  iini!»'r».t;iiHl  and  aj)- 

i". . .  t.iir  fhf  writinijs  of  our  c-(»nntryiiiiiii, 

'■.■  pi.His,  iMlhii'!ii\,aiHi  juilit'ious  Jlonkcr, 

.■■J.  wliiMi  a  pintion  (if  his  work  on    Kc- 

.'.Misti.al  I'ohty  wa<  read  to  tliat   INjutitf 

,  V-.  inp.MMm«>uj.|y  ill  La/ill,  he  cxrhuiiivd 

»,  ■  'i  li.umiirahlr  »an(Ioiir,    "Thi-rt"   is   no 

■    II ■••■.1;;  that  this  iii-ni  halh   not    >«'archt'<l 

■     n-Mhiuu  i-'  too  hird   f«ir  his   iindii- 

»   .vilin::  :   tliis   Mian    iinhM-d   di-M-rvrs   tin* 

I-.-.-  of  ail  author,    lijs    !)«»oks   will    ijci 

^.•»iii'r   h\  aiif  ;   for   tln*r«'    is   in   thnn 

,  .   ■•.  ^.-iiU  of  I  ttriiity,  that  if  the-  n-st  h«' 

».   :!iis    th«  >  shall    last    rill  tin-   last    tin* 

.  ■  ii:  »i«iisuine   all   h'arninir."t     Tht-   ad 


'•..■  .  iri"nmstaucf«<,  says,  in  \i\<  mt'irinir 
i.\  f.»i  si'\t'ral  y»ars  t  ilkcd  of  iiis  jilan 
..  •  .•'*.'  it  worth  thf  trinl," 


1840.] 


Review.— 7%5  Youth  of  Shakespeare. 


65 


Tutage  of  make  the  two  classic  languages 
of  antiquity  also  go  hand  in  hand  need 
not  be  illustrated  here  by  similar  exam- 
ples ;  nor  the  utility  of  that  plan  be  en- 
forced which  obliged  the  student,  while 
he  was  labouring  in  the  mine  of  Greek 
Hteratnre,  to  keep  his  Latin,   to  use  a 
homely  phrase,  "  at  his  fingers'  ends." 
Yet,  for  all  this,  as  scholarship  is  now 
rather  diffused  than  deep,  and  as  literal 
translations  of  Greek  authors  into  English 
abound,    as   science  daily  adopts  Greek 
terms  into  her  vocabulary,  the  time  has 
BOW  arrived  when  a  Greek  and  English 
dictionary  may  be  made  peculiarly  useful. 
The  Latin,  with   all  its  elegance,  has  a 
certain  rigid  poverty  about  it  at  variance 
vith  the  character  of  the  Greek,  and  the 
fuility  with  which  passages  of  Shakspeare 
ire  from  time  to  time  rendered  into  Greek 
as  academical  exercises,  with  force  and 
doseness  of  interpretation,  proves  a  very 
near  analogy  in  the  genius  and  pliability 
of  English  and  Greek,  and  the  expedi- 
ency of  having  a  dictionary  which,  with- 
out  taking  any  circuitous  and  secondary 
medium,  should  at  once  render  Greek  into 
English,  and  English  into  Greek.     Such 
is  the  purpose  of  the  lexicon  now  before 
OS ;  it  is  printed  in  a  clear  and  elegant 
type,  readily  visible,  both  for  character 
and  accent.     The  derivatives  from  every 
root  seem  to  be  classed  alphabetically  in 
single  and  well  defined   paragraphs,    the 
root  itself  being  expressed  in  a  parenthe- 
sis ;  thus  giving,  as  it  were,  a  clear  bird's- 
eve  view  of  the  concatenation  of  the  Ian- 
guage,  and  presenting  facile,  and  therefore 
excellent,  means  for  vocabulary  acquisi- 
tion.    The  English  and  Greek  portion  ap- 
pears to  us  at  once  copious  and  explana- 
tory, and  must  prove  a  valuable  aid  to  the 
student  who  is  exercising  himself  in  Greek 
composition,  whether  at  the  Universities 
or  the  minor  nurseries  of  learning.     To 
the  whole  a  short  grammar  of  the  Greek 
language  is  prefixed,  so  that  the  scholar 
has  a  manual  for  terms  and  their  gram- 
matical inflexions  at  once  before  him.  We 
think  that  an  explanatory  vocabulary  of 
Hellenic  proper  names  might  have  advan- 
tageously been  appended  ;  but  this,  per- 
haps, might  have  swelled  the  work  beyond 
the  limits  most  convenient  for  a  book  of 
ready   reference,   a  single  volume.     We 
have  to  thank  the  editor  for  an  Anglo- 
Greek    dictionary,    evidently     compiled 
with  care  and  labour  from  voluminous 
standard  authorities  of  the  lexicographic 
class,  and  which  affords  us  the  advantage 
of  their  definitions  in  a  cheap  and  con- 
centrated form. 


The  Vouth  of  Shakespeare  t  by  theAuthor 
of  **  Shakspeare  and  his  Friends/ '  3  Yolf.'^ 

Gurr.  Mao.  Vol.  Xlll. 


The  author  of  this  work  has  produced 
such  a  copious  array  of  judgments  in  fa- 
vour of  his  former  work  from  almost  every 
gazette  and  newspaper  existing,  that  he 
well  can  spare  the  slender  tribute  of  our 
admiration.  We  can  say  with  Silence 
in  the  play, — **  We  have  been  merry  once, 
ere  now ;  " — and  yet,  somehow  or  other, 
we  must  say  that  the  "  Youth  of  Shake- 
speare *'  is  not  quite  to  our  taste;  and  we 
have  a  sort  of  conviction  that  our  author  is 
not  very  deeply  conversant  with  his  subject- 
matter.  We  perceive  in  his  preface  that 
he  asserts — **  The  orthography  here  ad- 
hered to  (t.e.  of  Shakespeare's  name,  spelt 
as  we  have  spelt  it)  hath  the  recommen- 
dation of  being  that  which  the  great  bard 
employed  in  the  latter  period  of  his  life, 
when  it  is  supposed  he  must  have  settled 
it  to  his  liking :  "  &c.  Now  this  is  not  the 
case, — for  Sir  F.  Madden  has  proved  that 
the  signatures  to  the  poet's  will  were  mw- 
read^  and  that  they  contain  no  ** a^*  in 
the  second  syllable.  There  are  also  some 
strange  expressions  which  swarm  in  the 
pages  of  these  volumes ;  as  aqu<e  vitae ; 
carrying  of  a  basket ;  digital  extremity  ; 
consoling  of  himself ;  do  as  you  like  by ; 
showing  ©/"him  in  his  extremity  the  proper 
duties  of  a  wife ;  thirsting  with  the  horri' 
blest  vengeance, — cum  multis  aliis.  Nor 
does  the  following  passage  show  much  ad- 
herence to  probability  or  truth  of  character. 
The  mother  says,  *'  'Nay,  school  hath  its 
pains  also ;  but  such  as  are  unknown  of 
any  save  unworthy  boys,  who  care  more  for 
play  than  for  book,  and  will  learn  nothing 
tiiat  is  set  them.'  *  Well,  an'  they  behave 
80  illf  it  is  plain  they  deserve  no  better,* 
observed  the  boy ;  *  yet  it  seems  to  me, 
from  what  I  have  learned  of  Nurse  Cicely 
in  ballads  and  stories,  and  from  such  sweet 
verses  as  you  have  oftimes  repeated  to  me, 
concerning  o/'brave  knights  and  fair  ladies, 
that  if  other  pleasures  of  still  sweeter  sort 
are  to  be  found  in  books,  whereof  you  can 
know  only  by  going  to  school  and  conning 
of  your  lesson  with  all  proper  diligence, 
school  cannot  help  being  as  pleasant 
a  place  for  good  boys  as  any  goodly  place 
that  can  be  named.'  *  Doubtless,'  ans- 
wered the  mother.'  "  We  could  extract 
from  the  very  next  page  such  expressions 
as  catching  of  butterflies ;  concerning 
of  whence  came  ;  spying  of  many  wild 
flowers  ;  he  was  got  to  evince  a  tolerabla 
spelling.  We  perceive  that  our  author  is 
preparing  for  publication  '*  The  Life  and 
Times  of  Shakespeare,"  in  which  we  hope 
to  see  a  more  profound  knowledge  of  the 
subject,  and  a  more  exact  and  finished 
style  of  expression, — or  he  will  have  Mr. 
J.  P.  Collier  crying  out  "  Nunc  accipe 
poenas,"    from    the   infliction  of    which 

we  wre  afirnid  not  cvea  the  praisei  of  tbo 


66 


Literary  mud  Scientific  Intelligence. 


[Jan. 


Court  Journal  or  Weekly  Dispatch  will 
save  him.  Our  humble  adyice  would  be— 
'^  more  matter  and  fewer  words."   ' 


The  Young  Scholar's  Engluh-Latin 
Dictionary,  by  the  Rev,  J.  £.  Riddle,  M,A. 
1839. — A  convenient,  and,  as  far  as  we 
have  observed,  an  accurate  Dictionary, 
well  adapted  to  the  younger  members  of 
schools.  We  think  most  Dictionaries  of 
this  kind  to  be  somewhat  defective 
on  subjects  of  natural  history.  In  the 
present,  under  the  word  "  Oak,**  the  Latin 
term  "Quercus**  only  is  given,  and  Robur, 
^sculus,  omitted.  Also,  in  the  Latin  part, 
**  ^sculus  '*  is  not  found ;  and  no  Latin 
word  for  the  Chemut'tree  is  given. 
Other  defects  of  this  kind  might  be  men- 
tioned. 


7^e  First  Adam,  a  Course  qf  Sermons 
to  a  Village  Congregation,  By  the  Rev.  J. 
Hobson,  Curate  of  Kirstead,  ^c. — We 
recommend  these  Sermons  for  the  sound- 
ness of  their  doctrine,  the  simplicity  and 
clearness  with  which  the  exposition  of  the 
scriptural  commands  is  given,  and  for  the 
earnestness  and  piety  with  which  they  are 
enforced.  We  consider  the  subject  also 
to  be  well  chosen,  and  such  as  hardly 
would  fail  to  awaken  and  detain  the  atten- 
tion of  such  a  congregation  as  is  under 
the  present  preacher's  care.  We  observe 
at  p.  169  Mr.  Hobson  remarks,  **  Consider 
how  awfully  the  denunciation  is  brought 
to  pass — *  in  the  sweat  of  thy  face  shalt 
thou  eat  bread.  Cursed  is  the  ground  for 
thy  sake :  in  sorrow  shalt  thou  eat  of  it 
all  the  days  of  thy  life.'  What  barrenness 
and  desolation  pervade  many  parts  of  the 
earth !     Rocks  and  mountains,   deserts 


and  frozen  wildernesses,  oocipying  a  very 
large  portion  of  the  globe,  in  w^ch  iii- 
hospitable  regions  the  few  wretched  in- 
habitants scarcely  know  where  to  look  fbr 
their  daily  subsistence,"  &c.  Now,  ia 
the  first  place,  it  is  not  tme  that  tiiit 
curse  was  repealed  in  the  days  of  Noah, 
and  therefore  no  longer  exists ;  secondly, 
do  the  testimonies  of  it  which  Mr. 
Hobson  produces  support  his  aasertion? 
**  Rocks  and  mountains"  abound  witii 
minerals  most  serviceable  to  the  me  of 
man  :  **  out  of  whose  mountains  thorn 
mayest  dig  brass.''  The  misty  heads  of 
mountains  are  also  the  reservoirs  of  the 
rivers  of  the  earth :  the  Danube  and  the 
Rhine  come  forth  from  their  crystal 
cradles  in  the  caverns  of  the  Helvetian 
hills.  The  geographical  philosopher  also 
informs  us,  that  to  the  burning  deserts  of 
Africa,  Europe  owes  much  of  the  genial 
warmth  which  softens  her  otherwise  gelid 
climate ;  and  the  "  frozen  wildernesses," 
which  Mr.  Hobson  pronounces  to  be  per- 
petual memorials  of  the  original  curse,  are 
presumed  to  have  an  important  effect  on 
the  vicissitudes  of  seasons,  die  periodical 
changes  of  the  atmosphere,  and  tiie  ooorse 
of  winds,  and  perhaps  of  tides.  Thus  tiie 
barrenness  of  some  portions  of  the  globe 
constitutes  the  fertility  of  others.  A  per- 
petually blue  and  serene  sky  would  soon 
smite  the  earth  with  cold  and  fiunine  and 
desolation  ;  and  an  earth  unusually  level 
and  fertile  would  be  far  inferior,  even  in 
beauty,  to  the  varied  scene  of  grandeur 
and  sublimity  which  it  now  derives  from 
its  Alps  of  snow.  We  cannot  believe  that 
the  present  earth  was  ever  physically  con- 
structed much  different  from  what  it  at 
present  is. 


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on  Stonehenge  :  together  with  a  compen- 
dious account  of  the  Druids.  To  which 
are  added  Conjectures  on  the  Origin  and 
Design  of  the  Pyramids  of  Egjrpt,  and  of 
the  Round  Towers  of  Ireland.  By  R. 
Wkaybr.    cr.  8vo.  Ss. 

The  Discovery  of  America  by  the 
Northmen  of  the  1 0th  Century.  By 
Joshua  Toulmin  Smith.    8vo.  Ss,  6d, 

Divinity, 

Discourses  on  the  Prophecies  relating 
to  Antichrist,  preached  before  the  Uni- 
versity of  Dublin,  at  the  Donellan  Lec- 
ture.    By  J.  H.  Todd,  B.D.     Bvo.  \4s. 

Sermons  preached  at  Cambridge  during 
the  Month  of  November  1839.  By  Henry 
MiLViLL,  B.D.     8vo.  5f. 

Unitarianism  defended,  being  Lectures 
deUfered  at  Liverpool  by  the  Rev.  J. 
Mabtiniau,  J.  H.Thom,  and  H.  Giles, 
&c.     Bvo.  15«. 

The  Catholic  Doctrine  of  a  Triune 
God.  By  Charles  Douglas  Hope, 
esQ.     19mo.  6f. 

Manners  and  Trials  of  the  Primitive 
Christians.  By  the  Rev.  J.  Jamibbok. 
13mo.  5f.  6d. 


Tales  of  the  Ancient  British  Church - 
By  the  Rev.  Rob.  Wilson  Evans,  M.A. 
Fcp.  8vo.  5s. 

Heresy  and  Orthodoxy.  By  the  Rev. 
J.  Blanco  White.     12mo.  4s. 

Ancient  Christianity  and  the  Doctrines 
of  the  Oxford  Tracts  for  the  Times.  By 
the  Author  of  '<  Spiritual  Despotism.*' 
8vo.  2s.  6d, 

Law. 

Pratt's  Statistics  relating  to  Justice  of 
Peace.    8vo.  7*.  Gd. 

Compendium  of  the  Laws  of  England, 
Scotland,  and  Ancient  Rome ;  for  the  use 
of  Students.  By  James  Logan,  esq. 
Advocate.    Parti.  Of  Marriages.    2s.  6d. 

Considerations  on  the  state  of  Law  re- 
garding Marriages  with  a  Deceased  Wife's 
Sister.  By  a  Barrister  of  the  Middle 
Temple.     8vo.  1*. 

Tyas's  Legal  Hand-books  —  Debtor 
and  Creditor.     18mo.  2s. 

Novels. 

The  Life  and  Adventures  of  Michael 
Armstrong,  the  Factory  Boy.  By  Mrs. 
Trollope.     3  vols.  8vo.  25s. 

The  Governess.  By  the  Countess  of 
Blessington.     2  vols.  8vo.  2l8. 

One  Fault.  By  Mrs.  Trollops.  3  vols. 
8vo.  31#.  6d. 

The  Fright.  By  Ellen  Pickbrino. 
3  vols.  8vo.  31*.  6d. 

Female  Freemasons.  3  vols.  8vo.  3\8.6d. 

The  Good  Match.  3  vols.  8vo.  3ls.  6d. 

The  Court  Favourite.  3  vols.  8vo. 
3U.  6d. 

The  Decameron  of  the  West ;  a  series 
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of  her  Painters.     Bvo.  I4s. 

The  Christian's  Book  of  Gems ;  a  Se- 
lection of  Sacred  Poetry  from  the  most 
celebrated  Modern  Poets.     8vo.  5s. 

Natural  History, 

Natural  History  of  Dogs  :  vol.  I.  Wild 
Species.  By  Colonel  Hamilton  Smith. 
(NaturalisU'  Library,  vol.  XXV.)     6s. 

Peter  Party's  Tales  about  Plants. 
Edited  by  Mrs.  Loudon.  Square  16mo. 
7'*  6d. 

Sketches  of  the  Animal  and  Vegetable 
Productions  of  America.  By  Mary 
Roberts.    3«.  6d. 

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By  J.  Sprovlk.  8to.  15#. 


68 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


[Jan. 


Johnson  on  Fertilizers  (Manures,  &c.} 
8?o.  12». 

C.  Doyle* 8  Practice  of  Husbandry. 
12mo.  12«. 

Fine  Arts. 

Picturesque  Architecture  in  Paris, 
Ghent,  &c.  By  T.  S.  Boys.  Folio. 
Printed  in  colours,  6/.  6i.  mounted,  8/.8«. 

Sketches  of  the  Basque  Provinces  of 
Spain;  illustrative  of  the  Costume  and 
Scenery.  By  Sydney  Crocker  and 
Bligh  Barker.  Folio,  tinted,  4/.  As, 
coloured,  8/.  8». 

Caricature  Scrap  Book.    4to.  28«. 

Outlines  to  illustrate  the  Fighte  of 
Freewille.  By  R.  Westmacott,  jun. 
A.R.A.,  F.R.S.  oblong,  21i. 

Aikman's  Account  of  the  Tourna- 
ment at  Eglinton.  4to.  lOf.  6 J.  Colour- 
ed, 15«. 

Bibliography, 

BibUotheca  Susaexiana ;  a  Descriptive 
Catalogue,  with  Historical  and  Biogra- 
phical Notices  of  the  MSS.  and  printed 
Books  in  the  Library  of  H.  R.  H.  the 
Duke  of  Sussex.  By  T.  J.  Pettigrew, 
F.R.S.  F.S.A.  &c.  Vol.11. 8vo.  l/.ll».6d. 

Greek  Papyri  in  the  British  Museum. 
Edited  by  the  Rev.  J.  Forshall.  Part  I. 
with  six  Plates  of  fac-simile  engravings, 
lOf.  1.  p.  15«. 

Preparing  for  Publication, 

A  History  of  Banbury,  including  His- 
torical and  Antiquarian  Notices  of  the 
Neighbourhoods.  By  Alfred  Beesley. 

A  new  edition  of  the  History  and  An- 
tiquities of  the  Parish  of  Tottenham  High 
Cross.  By  William  Robinson,  LL.D. 
F.S.A. 

The  History  and  Antiquities  of  Leath 
Ward,  in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  and 
of  the  adjoining  Parishes  in  Westmor- 
land ;  with  Biographical  Memoirs  of 
Eminent  Characters.  By  Samuel  Jef- 
ferson.    In  one  vol.  8vo. 

On  the  New  General  Biographical 
Dictionary,  a  specimen  of  Amateur  Cri- 
ticism. In  letters  to  Mr.  Sylvan  us  Ur- 
ban.   By  Bolton  Corney,  Esq. 


And  the  subjects  for  the  Latin  prose 
compositions  for  the  fifteen-guinea  prizes 
of  the  members  of  the  University  are,  for 
the  Bachelors — In  illd  Philotophid,  in 
qud  de  viid  hominum  et  moribue  diepu- 
tatur,  tractanddj  quibut  principiis  quati 
fundamento  inniti,  quibusque  potiishnum 
exfontibus  recte  vivendiprtecepta  haurire 
oporteat  f  For  the  Undergraduates — Quid 
censes  plausus  et  amid  dona  Q^iritis  7 

For  Sir  Wm.Browne's  three  gold  medals, 
the  subjects  are«  for  the  present  year — 1. 
For  the  Greek  Ode— £/tft»tt.  2.  For  the 
Latin  Ode — Illo  Virgilium  me  tempore 
dulcis  alebat  Parthenope^  studiisflorentem 
ignobilis  oii,  3.  For  the  Greek  Epigram 
— Dulce  periculum,  4.  For  the  Latin 
Epigram — Se  sequiturque  fugitique. 

For  the  Porson  Prize,  the  subject  for  the 
present  year  is — Shakespeare.  Troilus  and 
Cressida,  Act  1.  Scene  3.  Beginning — 
**  The  ample  proposition  that  hope  makes  ^'^^ 
and  ending— "ifaAre  fl/ofl*//orJVi^/une." 


CAMBRIDGE    UNIVERSITY. 

Dec,  14.  Tlie  Norrisian  prize  was  ad- 
judged to  D.  Moore,  of  Catharine  Hall, 
for  his  Essay  on  the  following  subject : — 
«*The  Divine  Origin  of  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures may  be  inferred  from  their  perfect 
adaptation  to  the  circumstances  of  Human 
Nature." 

The  subject  for  the  English  Prize  Poem 
for  the  Marquess  Camden*s  gold  medal, 
for  the  present  year,  U— -Richard  the  First 
m  Palestine, 


WESTMINSTER    PLAY. 

The  Queen's  scholars  of  Westminster 
School  performed  the  Eunuckus  of  Te- 
rence this  season,  with  the  following  cast 
of  the  characters  : — 


Phadria 

Parmeno 

Thais 

Gnatho 

Chorea 

Thrtiso 

Pythias 

Chremes 

Dorias 

Dorus 

Sanga 

Sophrona 

Laches  .         • 

Simalio     ^ 

^^««    >  Mutes. 

Pamphila  J 


Somerset. 
Greenlaw. 
Randolph. 
Richards. 
Glyn,  sen. 
Boyce. 
Phillimore. 
Rawlinson. 
Glyn,  jun. 
Chalk. 
Preston. 
Maud. 
Monk  house. 

{Cocks, 
Prout, 
Templar,sen. 
Swabey. 


It  may  be  necessary  to  apprise  the 
classical  reader  that  the  fourth  and  fifth 
scenes  of  the  third  act  were  omitted,  and, 
of  course,  with  them,  the  part  of  Antipho, 

A  very  important  alteration  was  effected 
in  the  scenic  costumes  worn  on  these 
festive  occasions.  Instead  of  the  dress  or 
frock  coat,  smart  waistcoat,  and  trousers 
fashioned  after  the  newest  pattern,  the 
performers  were  apparelled  in  the  togi, 
and  the  boots  of  Hoby  or  Zakoski  were 
changed  for  the  Roman  sandal.  Great 
praise  is  due  to  the  care  and  atten- 
tion which  must  have  been  applied  to 
this  part  of  the  arrangements,  as  well 
aa  to  the  good  taste  which  suggest- 
ed tiie  piopriety  of  the  alteration.    The 


\ 


V 


1840.] 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence, 


69 


sathorities  for  every  portion  of  the  cos- 
tume, however  minate,  are  contained  in 
m  learned  though  small  treatise,  which 
every  scholar  will  peruse  with  pleasure, 
if  pid>lished,  as  it  ought  to  be,  and  which 
is  entitled  '*  An  Excursus  to  sections  15, 
16,  and  17  of  Part  IV.  of  the  Greek  An. 
tiquities  of  Lamhert  Bos." 

PhttdriUf  instead  of  making  his  bow  to 
tiie  audience,  dressed  like  a  dashing  young 
English  gentleman,  with  frock  coat,  boots, 
and  beaver,  presented  himself  with  his  head 
bare,  and  wearing,  as  befitted  young  men  of 
his  age,  a  kind  of  short  cloak  as  an  upper 
garment,  the  chlamys,  which  covered  the 
left  arm  and  was  clasped  on  the  right 
riioulder,  so  that  one  end  hung  down  in 
front  and  the  other  behind,  leaving  the 
rig^t  arm  free  for  action,  whilst  the  left 
huid  was  hidden.  The  colour  of  his 
chlamys  was  saffron,  with  a  reddish  bor- 
der. A  sleeveless  tunic,  white,  reached  to 
his  knee,  and,  with  a  pair  of  sandals  on  his 
feet,  there  stood  before  the  audience  the 
Athenian  Ephebus,  in  his  habit  as  he 
lived.  His  brother,  Chareoj  in  his  first 
dress,  was  similarly  attired,  but  the  colour 
of  the  chlamys  was  purple  throughout, 
while  his  tunic  was  ornamented  at  the 
bottom  with  a  border,  and  a  broad -biim - 
medhat  with  a  low  round  crown,  the  peta- 
sus — ^for  he  is  represented  as  coming  in 
from  the  country — hung  from  his  neck 
upon  his  shoulders  behind.  In  his  dis- 
guise as  |the  Eunuch  f  he  wore  a  striped 
tunic  with  long  sleeves,  trousers,  and  red 
shoes,  with  a  small  red-coloured  chlamys, 
and  a  blue  conical  cap,  like  the  Phrygian 
bonnet,  with  the  apex  bent  forward.  The 
parasite,  Gnatho,  was  dressed  in  the  very 
height  of  Athenian  fashion  ;  his  tunic  was 
of  the  finest  linen,  and  was  ornamented 
both  at  the  bottom  and  on  the  girdle  by  a 
border ;  a  silver  heart  glittered  on  the 
top  of  his  foot,  while  his  pallium  was 
slightly  rounded  at  the  sides,  and  had 
silver  glands  depending  from  the  comers, 
to  make  it  bang  well.  This  was  also  ob- 
servable in  the  chlamys  of  Thrato,  which 
was  of  a  scarlet  colour,  and  worn,  as  was 
the  mode  with  military  men,  rather  smaller 
than  that  used  by  the  young  Athenians. 
His  tunic  also  did  not  reach  so  lar  as  the 
knee.  In  the  scene  in  which  he  marches 
in  with  his  household  troops  to  storm  the 
house  of  Thaiit  he  was  equipped  with 
helmet  and  shield,  and  carried  two  javelins 
in  his  hand,  while  one  of  his  attendants 
bore  his  shield-stand,  on  which  the  buck- 
ler was  suspended  during  the  parley  which 
ensues.  The  appearance  of  his  forces 
merely  attired  in  black  scanty  tunics,  as 
usual  with  slaves,  and  armed  with  clubs, 
spits,  meat-forks,  and  other  implements 
of  domestic  warfaro— not  forgetting  the 


defensive  armour  borne  by  one  of  them,  a 
huge  pot-lid — contrasted  with  the  gor- 
geous military  array  of  Thraso  himself, 
was  exquisitely  ludicrous,  and  even  the 
actors  could  not  help  laughing.  The 
dress  of  Laches f  or  ChremeSf  does  not  seem 
to  call  for  any  particular  remark,  further  \ 
than  that  it  was  appropriate,  and  we  there- 
fore pass  to  a  description  of  the  apparel  of 
Thaig,  She  wore  an  Ionian  tunic  of  white 
linen,  embroidered  with  gold,  with  long 
sleeves,  which  were  fastened  down  the  arm 
with  small  clasps.  Over  the  left  shoul- 
der was  thrown  a  violet-coloured  pallium, 
ornamented  with  stars,  falling  from  the 
waist  in  full  folds,  and  reaching  to  the 
feet.  The  girdle  was  fastened  in  a  bow, 
and  her  feet  were  inserted  in  laced  socks. 
The  head-dress  appeared  to  consist  of  a 
diadem  of  pearls,  and  a  sort  of  fine  net, 
which  hung  some  way  down  the  back. 
Whenever  she  appeared  on  the  stage,  she 
was  attended  by  two  female  slaves,  mutes, 
one  of  whom  carried  a  fan  of  peacock's 
feathers,  the  other  a  mirror  made  of 
polished  steel.  They  were  clothed  in 
a  short  upper  tunic,  reaching  to  the  hips, 
over  a  full  under-tunic ;  while  Doriat, 
another  female  attendant  of  Thais,  wore 
a  long  straight  tunic  without  a  girdle ;  and 
Pythias  the  encyclum,  or  tunico -pallium, 
the  most  common  dress  of  the  Athenian 
women,  over  a  tunic  which  came  down  to 
the  feet.  Altogether,  too  much  praise 
can  hardly  be  bestowed  upon  the  pains 
which  were  taken  to  render  the  illusion 
of  the  scene  complete. 

PROLOGUS. 

Tandem  exit  annus,  feriasque  uti  sclent 

Itliw  Decerabris  affenint ;  et  fabula 

Terentiana  fniitur  auditoribus 

Ut  ante  doctis,  atque  ut  abte  lenibns. 

Gaudemus  itafjue;  sed  fatendum  est,  judices, 

Nos  et  vereri  non  nihil,  ne  plus  salia 

Vacare  rebus  nos  putetia  ludicris ; 

Quod  apparatus  Anfi[licos  tentavimus 

Mutare  Gr«cis  vestibus :  tentavimus, 

Reos  habetis  confitentes  scilicet. 

Mutationem  fecimus  ;  nee  sit  probro. 

Nam  neque  novarum  rerum  amore  ducimur. 

Nee  artis  histrionicc :  Terentio 

Debetur  aliquid  ;  h«c  imago  scenica 

Aufi^ista  quamvis,  Attica  est,  non  Anglica. 

At  7//^,  cujusartis  est  inreni, 

Athcniensis  est  adhuc  ab  omnibus 

Cognominatus  Atticam  ab  solertiam 

In  excolendis  rebus  Atticis.     Viris 

Laudi  est  Athenas  ire,  sij^na  quaererc 

Inter  ruinas  Vetera.    Non  Terentio 

Nedum  Menandro  sufficere  jam  credimur, 

Si  scena  et  liabitus  discrepant  quam  maxume. 

Favete  nostro.  judices,  conatui : 

Favete :  nam  dcsidcratus  Anglie 

Rex  ipse  favit  unicc  Terentio 

SpecUtor  atque  plausor  hujus  fabuls. 

EPl  LOCUS. 


Phadrich-Pnrwuno—  Tkals— Pythias, 

p,  Vos  i«t«c  auferte  intro-tu,  Parmeno,  ade« 
dam; 


70 


LUifitry  and  Seieniifie  InielUfence. 


[Jan. 


Nam  rok)  te  paucis.   P.  Pluribus  hand  opaa 
est. 
latcc  niminmi  dono  sunt  Thaidi,  amoris 
Slfna  tai.    P.  lino  alind,  Panneno,  \ongi 
alind. 
Pm.  Hem!  quid  jam  cessavit  amor?  tcdetne 
pueus 
Te  tarn  dilectc  tarn  cito  ?    P.  Res  alia  est. 
Pa.  Coinam  fceminea  hsec  dono   sunt?    P. 

Mascula  dicas. 
Pa,  Mascula !  vah !  sunt  ne  luec  propria  qus 

maribus? 
Mitra,  etcincinni,  etpigpmenta,  et  serica  Testis ; 
Sandalia,  et  nardus,  quam  propria  hcc  mari- 
bus? 
P,  Hie  habitaturi  Londinum  adyenimos  urbem 

Famosam,  impletam  civibns  innumeris, 
Gaudentem  hospitibus ;  sed,  nt  aiunt,  cmque 
necesse  est, 
Morigerari  Anrlis,  si  volet  esse  Leo. 
Pa-  Non  Leo,  sea  catulus  lies,  si  talia  curae 
Shmt  tibi.    Bellns  homo,  non  tamen  Anglus 
eris. 
P,  Cincinnatus  ero.    Pa.  Taceas— res  forsan 
amicae 
Tota  tuK  subolet :  tristis  enim  egreditur. 
7«  Hei  mihi !  quid  Jam  credam,  veicuiperdita 
credam  ? 
iUe.  in  quo  nostrae  spes  et  opes  sit«  erant ; 
Qui  sine  me  nunquam  se  vivere  posseputabat, 
Fhsdria  lit  mulier— Phaedria.  — P.   Parce 
metu, 
Parce  metu.    Cytharea!    T.  Eheu!  tremo  et 
horreo  tota. 
Pa,  Tota!    P,  Thraso  quidem  abest—tota 
fit  ilia  mea. 
T.  Tota  tua.  omnino  tua,  Phtedria ;  primus 
apud  me 
Semper  es,  atqne  oculos  militis  effodiam. 
Pa.  Dico  tibi  insidias  fieri.    7\  Tu  credere  noli 
Huic  stulto ;  ex  animo  dico.    P,  Quid  ergo 
rei  est  ? 
Quid  te  sollicitat  ?    7.  Mi  Phsdria,  corculum 
amabo, 
Concinnis  vellem  me  decorare  tuis. 
Nardum  et  pastillos  vellem,  pigmentaque  vel- 
lem. 
Nil  mihi  respondes  ?    P.  Pessuma !     T.  Me 
miseram. 
P.  Quid  faciam  ipse,  ccdo  ?  et  barbam  vis  for- 
san habere. 
T.  All  minime !  barbs  non  ego  sum  cupida. 
P.  Hercle  etiam  hoc  restat  {  sm  quisnam  hue 
advenit?    Pa.  Eial 
Est  Gnatho,  an  huic  similis  tu  cupis  esse  ? 
P,  Tace. 
7.  O  monstrum !  en  hominem  Cacum  sese  ore 
ferentem  I 
Fumos  et  flammas  evomit  ore.    Pa.  Libet. 
P.  Anne  decet  ?  Onatho  bellus  homo  est,  qui 
spiritus  illi. 
Qui  vultus  I  7.  Vigor  est  igueus.  Pa.  Euge ! 
7.  Cibum. 
E  flammi  petit,  ut  dixti.    Pa.  Fumum  ex  ful- 
gore 
Et  lucem  e  tumo  dat.    P.  Color !  ecce  color 
Bstroseus!  7.  Modo  sit  verus !    P.  Non  pec- 
tore  vincto — 
O.  Desine.  ne  Thais  ac  pugilem  esse  putat. 
Atque  equidem,  fateor,  gracilem  me  pcsnitet 
esse, 
Defendoji^nium  scilicet  ipse  mcum. 
Pa.  Me  miseret.  Parasite,  tui ;  atque  Gnatho- 
nicus  ease, 
Nolo.  7.  Sed  es  solus— cui  tibi  miles  abest  7 
G.  Moxaderit.    P.  Quidagit?    G.  Sancti  in 
silvi  Johannia 
Anglis  insoritur— At  generosus  eques. 
Ferreaque  eflfossis  arcingitur  anna  sepulchris. 
7.  O  fkctum  egregiam  t  dignus  amore  meo 
ett. 
Pm.  Amw  trfo  tflbdiM  oculotr   7.  Agt,  Fvr- 
ntno,  ut  ante. 


At  tn  me  totam  rem.  Parasite,  doce— 
Arma  virumque  cane,  incipe.     O,  Pugnacis- 
sima  gens  est 
Tota  hajc— pax  odioest— nil  nisi  pugna placet. 
Instaurare  volunt  pugnara  de  more  parentum. 
Fit  via— ligneum  equum  ligneus  ui^et  eaaes. 
P.  Qui  ratione?  Deus^ie  c  machina?    u.  Ut 
arbi trior  ad  sunt 
Vivi  a  tergo  homines,  hie  labor,  hoc  opus  est. 
Pa.  Est  Trojanus  equus,  Londino    avertite 
monstrum, 
O  Angli !  inque  locos  mittite  hyberboreos. 
{Bxit  Pa.) 
P.  Quid  si  animo  exardent  ignes?  certamina 
fiant 
Illic  vera  nimis,  frigore  pigra  pjrius 
Scotica  gens  sumat  ludis  rerventibus  iras 

Terribiles.  O.  Videat  Jupiter  hoc  Pluvius— 
Nocte  dieqne  pluat.  7.  Sed  quia  sonus  impulit 
aures? 
Advenit  ipse  Thraso  forsitan.      G,  llaud 
dubie. 
Audio  lo  P»an.    (Prodeunt  Tkrato,  SiwuMo, 
Sanga,  ^e.)    Quid  fit  Thraso?  Tkr, 
Ligneus  neros, 
Ligneus  et  sonipes  procubuere  simul : 
7.  Mortinus  est  heros  igitur.    Thr.  Non  mor- 
tuus  est.    7.  Hem ! 
7&r.  Tantum  est  eversus  dicere  vera  volo. 
P.  Atcerteeversus?    Tftr.  Quidni?    7.  For- 
tissime  miles ; 
Macte!   quid  hie  nebulo  vult  sibi?     Tkr. 
Simalio  est : 
Vicit  Simalio.  7.  Non  tute  est  victor,  amabo? 
Tkr.  Sat  fait  auspiciis  hunc  stimulasse  meis. 
7.  O  utinam  in  propria  persona  vincere  posses  i 

Tlr.  Induperatoris  non  foret  ofiSciam. 
Hoc  victore,  egomet  vici— dubitasne  ?  Gnatho- 
nem 
Fac  rogites.    Q.  Aio  scilicet,  aio  Thraso. 
Tk.  Nonne  meum  est  caput  lioc,  quod  ligno 
durius  ipso  ? 
Simalionem  emi,  Simalionem  alui. 
Sum  dux— G.  Aio,  Thraso.  Tkr.  Atque  auspex, 
hems.    G.  Aio.    Tkr.  Opera,  ergo. 
Illius  mea  sunt.  G.  Aio.    7.  Tuos  tibi  nabe. 
PhKdria,  concinnos,  valeas.    P.  In  viduum, 
amabo. 
Aut.    7.  Aut.   P.  Aut.  7.  Valeas,  sum  tibi 
tota  Thraso. 
G.  Euge  vexiUum,  Sanga,  induperator  amici 
Cum  fida  faciat,  te  praeeunte,  viam. 

ROTAL  SOCIETY. 

Nov,  21.  At  the  first  meeting  for  the 
season,  the  Marquess  of  Northampton, 
President,  was  in  the  chair ;  the  evening 
was  wholly  occupied  in  the  reading  of  the 
minutes,  which  included  the  subetance  of 
the  ten  papers  brought  before  the  Society 
at  their  last  meeting,  and  in  other  routine 
business. 

Nov,  30.  This  being  St.  Andrew's  day, 
the  Anniversary  meeting  was  held,  the 
noble  President  in  the  chair ;  when  the 
following  members  were  elected  the  new 
Council,  those  whose  names  are  in  Italics 
not  having  belonged  to  the  last. 

The  Marquess  of  Northampton,  President ; 
John  William  Lubbock,  Esq.  M.A.  Treasurer; 
l^eter  Mark  R(^t,  M.D.,  and  Samuel  Hunter 
Christie,  Esq.  M.A. .  S^retaries;  and  John 
Frederick  Daniell,  Esq.  Foreign  Secretary. 
Other  Members  of  the  Council  :—i9tr  Jokm 
Barrow,  Bart.,  Francis  Baily,  Esq.,  TAmm* 
Bell,  Bm.,  Jokm  Davp,  MJK,  Bryan  Domkm, 
Boq,,  Bmeard  Fortt€r,E9q.,  Thomas  Galloway, 
Esq.  M.A^»nM»nas  Graham(_Esq.^  Sr  John 
F.  W*  HeiMMiy  But*  M*A*> 


J8400 


LUermf  end  Saent^  InieUigenee. 


71 


Ommu,   Btt't  Ridkard  PkuUpt,  Esq..  Mqfar 
ESm&td  Sthime,  It.  A.,  Robert  B.  'n>dd,  BID. 

Tke  PNildeiitildiTered  an  Address/  in 
fmniance  of  the  practice  of  his  prede- 
oewors.    Its  first  sahjects  were  the  sailing 
of  the  Antarctic  Expedition,  and  the  es- 
tablishment of  fixed  magnetic  observatories 
for  the  pmrpow  of  making  simnltaneous 
observalMiis  in  different  parts  of  our  co- 
lonial possessions.     He  Uien  noticed  the 
adTantageons    results    which    had    been 
foaAd   to  arise   from   the    formation  of 
^fifmti^r.  Committees,  which  was  adopted 
two  years  ago ;  and  stated   that,  as  the 
Covncil hasfelt  that  the  forms  of  testi- 
monial for  the  election  of  new  Fellows 
has  scarcely  been  found  sufficiently  de- 
foiite  and  precise  in  stating  the  grounds  on 
which  the  candidate  has  been  recommend- 
ed, they  have  drawn  up  new  forms,  some 
one  of  ^which  may  be  adopted  as  most  fit 
for  each  individual  so  recommended.  The 
President  then  stated  that,  in  consequence 
of  the  increased  duties  devolved  on  their 
tried  and  valuable  officer,  Mr.  Roberton, 
his  salary  had  been  raised  from  160/.  to 
300/. ;  and  that  the  claims  of  Mr.  Panizzi, 
on  account  of  the  library  catalogue,  had 
been  determined  to  amount  to  a  balance 
of  328/. ;  that  the  vacancies  in  the  list  of 
Foreign  Members  had  been  supplied  by 
the  election  of     M.   Savant,  of    Paris; 
Signor  Meloni,  of  Parma ;  M.  Quetelet, 
of  Brussels ;  M.  Hansteen  of  Christiana ; 
ProfSessor  Agassiz,   of    Neufchatel;    and 
M.   von  Martins,   of  Munich ;  and  that 
C^pt.    W.  H.  Smyth  had  resigned  the 
office  of  Foreign  Secretary,  in  consequence 
of  his  change  of  residence  to  an  incon- 
venient distance  from  London.  The  Royal 
medals  have  been  assigned  to  Dr.  Martin 
Barry,  for  his  researches  in  Embryology, 
communicated  to  the  Society  during  the 
two  last  years,  and  to  Mr.  Ivory,  for  his 
paper  on  Astronomical  Refraction  ;  and 
the  Copley  medal  to  Mr.  Brown,  for  his 
valuable    discoveries  on  Vegetable    Im- 
pregnation.    The  noble   President    con- 
cluded his  address  by   some   brief  bio- 
graphical sketches  and  characters  of  the 
most  remarkable  members  deceased  during 
the  past  year,  viz.  the   Rev.  Dr.    Martin 
Davy,  Bishop  Marsh,  Prof.  Rigaud,  Mr. 
Wiikins,  the  Rev.   A.   Alison,   Edmund 
Law  Lushington,  esq.  Mr.  George  Saun- 
ders, the  architect ;  and   on  the  Foreign 
list,  M.  de  Prony  and  M.  Prevost. 

BOTANICAL    SOCIETY. 

JVor.  29.  The  anniversary  meeting  of 
this  Society  took  place,  J.  E.  Gray,  esq. 
F.R.S.  President,  in  the  Chair.  The  re- 
ports of  the  Council  and  Curator  were 


read.  The  Society  now  consists  of  one 
hundred  and  eighteen  members,  twenty- 
six  having  been  elected  during  the  past 
year.  The  number  of  British  plants  re- 
ceived in  the  herbarium,  consisted  of 
24,860  specimens,  1291  species,  491  ge- 
nera, 101  natural  orders ;  and  the  distri- 
bution to  the  members,  in  proportion  to 
their  contribution,  will  take  place  in  Fe- 
bruary next.  Mrs.  Riley  had  presented 
every  species  of  British  fern.  The  foreign 
plants  received  amounted  to  between 
five  and  six  thousand  specimens,  for  the 
greater  portion  of  which  the  members 
were  indebted  to  M.  Schomburgk.  J.  E. 
Gray,  esq.  was  re-elected  President ;  and 
the  Vice-Presidents  appointed  by  him 
were,  J.  G.  Children,  esq.  V.P.  R.  S.  and 
Dr.  D.  C.  Macreight,  F.R.S.  From  De- 
cember to  April  the  rooms  of  the  Society 
will  be  open  every  Saturday  evening,  in 
order  to  extend  the  advantages  which  the 
herbarium  and  library  afford. 


CHELMSFORD   PHILOSOPHICAL   SOCIETY. 

JVor.  28.  The  Anniversary  Dinner  of 
this  Society  took  place  at  the  White 
Harflnn,* Chelmsford,  John  Disney,  esq. 
F.S.A.  the  President,  in  the  Chair.  Mr. 
H.  Bird,  surgeon,  of  Chelmsford,  has 
presented  to  the  Society  a  snuff  box  sup- 
posed to  have  belonged  to  Sir  Francis 
Drake.  It  is  made  of  horn,  and  of  oval 
shape.  On  the  lid  is  embossed  the  arms 
of  Sir  Francis  Drake :  Sable,  on  a  fess 
wavy  Argent,  the  letter  A  between  two 
estoiles ;  on  the  dexter  chief  the  letter  S. 
Above  the  arms  is  a  fieet  with  one  large 
ship  in  the  centre,  to  which  is  attached  a 
cable  passing  under  a  globe,  and  held  at 
the  other  end  by  a  hand. 

John  Adey  Repton,  esq.  F.S.A.  has 
presented  a  Map  of  the  Roman  Roads  in 
Essex,  accompanied  by  an  explanatory 
memoir.  One  passage  in  particular  was 
brought  before  the  attention  of  the  meet- 
ing, in  order  to  elicit  further  investiga- 
tion. **  Somewhere  near  Widford  (the 
exact  spot  has  not  been  ascertained)  five 
different  roads  meet :  the  first  towards 
London,  the  second  through  Chelmsford 
to  Colchester,  the  third  crosses  the  Chel- 
mer  through  Vick-street  and  Pleshey,  to 
Dunmow,  the  fourth  through  Baddow 
and  Danbury  Hill  to  Maldon,  the  fifth  to 
the  high  hills  of  Stock,  Bellericay,  Lain- 
don  Hill,  &c.  to  West  Tilburv,  which  is 
called  the  Higham  Causeway. 

The  collection  of  articles  of  value  and 
rarity,  belonging  to  the  Society,  is  at 
present  located  in  a  large  room,  at  the 
Old  Chelmsford  Gaol,  until  a  suitable 
boUcling  ihall  be  erected  to  reoeife  it,  a 


72 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


[Jan. 


design  for  which  has  been  presented  by 
Mr.  Repton. 

There  are  two  other  new  institutions  of 
this  nature  in  Essex,  at  Colchester  and 
Saffron  Walden  ;  but  the  Chelmsford  So- 
ciety was  earliest  in  the  field. 

ROYAL   INSTITUTE   OF   BRITISH 
ARCHITECTS. 

This  Society,  which  is  rapidly  extending 
its  reUtionships  in  all  parts  of  Europe, 
and  daily  gaining  ground  in  public  esti- 
mation at  home,  met  to  open  the  present 
Session  on  Monday,  December  2,  Mr. 
Edward  Blore,  V.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  Duke  de  Serradifalco  was  elected  a 
corresponding  member ;  a  long  list  of  do- 
nations acknowledged,  and  various  inte- 
resting letters  from  foreign  architects  re- 
lative to  the  progress  of  their  art  abroad 
were  read.  A  correspondence  between 
Mr.  Barry  and  Her  Majesty's  Commis- 
sioners of  Woods  and  Forests  was  laid 
before  the  meeting,  touching  a  duplicate 
collection  of  building-stones,  the  result 
of  the  late  journey  of  inquiry  on  that 
head,  and  which  Mr.  Barry  had  proposed 
presenting  to  the  Institute.  Mr.  Dela- 
oeche,  however,  had  represented  to-the 
Commissioners  that  it  was  advisable  the 
specimens  should  be  retained  in  order  to 
subject  them  to  the  effect  of  the  at- 
mosphere, and  consequently  the  Com- 
missioners were  obliged  to  decline  acting 
on  Mr.  Barry's  suggestion. 

Mr.  T.  L.  Donaldson  read  an  interest- 
ing memoir  of  Apollodorus  the  architect, 
which  he  made  illustrative  of  the  state  of 
architecture  in  Rome  during  the  reigns 
of  Trajan  and  Hadrian. 

The  Council  expressed  a  desire  to  ob- 
tain a  collection  of  drawings  in  illustra- 
tion of  the  works  of  Inigo  Jones ;  a  hint 
which  was  immediately  responded  to,  se- 
veral fellows  promising  contributions. 

Dec,  16.  Mr.  G.  Basevi,  V.  P.  in  the 
Chair.  Various  works  and  drawings  in 
connexion  with  Inigo  Jones  were  pre- 
sented :  amongst  them  a  drawing  of  the 
Banqueting  House,  Whitehall,  from  ad- 
measurement. 

Mr.  Cottam  then  described  at  some 
length  Lord  Tweedale*s  ingenious  ma- 
chine for  making  bricks  and  tiles,  illus- 
trating the  discourse  by  working- models 
and  diagrams.  The  weight  of  a  brick 
made  in  the  ordinary  manner  is  about 
5  lbs.,  that  of  one  of  the  machine-made 
bricks  8i  lbs.,  so  that  a  much  greater 
quality  of  clay  must  be  consumed  in  the 
new  mode  than  in  the  old.  The  speed 
with  which  the  bricks  can  be  produced  is 
very  great. 

Mr.  Godwin,  jun.  described  a  patent 
system  of  brickwork  invented  by  Hitch 
9 


of  Ware,  in  which  all  the  bricks,  being 
rebated,  lock  into  each  other.  The  inte- 
rior of  a  wall  so  formed  presents  a  series 
of  davities  which  are  afterwards  filled  up 
with  concrete.  Mr.  Donaldson  spoke  on 
the  same  subject.  Adjourned  to  Jan.  14, 
1840. 


OXFORD    SOCIETY    FOR   PROMOTING   THE 
STUDY  OF  GOTHIC  ARCHITECTURE. 

Dec.  5.    A  paper  on  Stanton  Harcourt 
church,  Oxfordshire,  was  read  by  Edgar 
E.  Estcourt,  esq.  B.A.  of  Exeter  College. 
This  church  is  a  very  fine  and  interesting 
one.  its  plan  cruciform,  the  nave  in  the 
Norman  style  of  the  twelfth  century,  the 
chancel  and  transepts  in  the  Early  English 
style  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and  a  good 
specimen  of  this  style.     Across   the   en- 
trances to  the  chancel  is  a  wooden  screen 
in  the  same  style  with  this  part  of  the 
building,  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and 
believed  to  be  almost  unique.    Unfortu- 
nately, it  is  painted   sky-blue.     On   the 
north  side  of  the  chancel  is  a  very  curious 
structure,  supposed  to  be  a  holy  sepulchre, 
with  a  rich  canopy  of  the  fourteenth  cen- 
tury.    On  it  are  the  usual  emblems,  or 
representations  of  the  implements  of  the 
crucifixion ;  and  at  the  four  angles  of  the 
canopy,  the  four  Evangelists.     The  altar- 
screen  is  of  Grecian  woodwork,  in  bad 
taste,  and  ought  to  be  removed.     On  the 
south  side  of  the  chancel  is  the   Harcourt 
aile  or  chapel,  with   several  fine  monu- 
ments of  that  family.    The  remains  of  the 
manor-house  adjoining  to  the  church  are 
about  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
Tlie  kitchen,  with  its  smoke-louvre,  and 
without  chimnies,   is  curious,   somewhat 
resembling  the  abbat^s  kitchen  at   Glas- 
tonbury.   These  two  are  believed  to  be 
the  only  specimens  of  the  kind  now  re- 
maining.    Several   drawings,   illustrative 
of  this  paper,  were  handed   round  ;  and 
after  the    meeting  some  very  beautiful 
drawings  of  the  rich  Norman   sculptures 
in   Kilpeck  church,  Herefordshire,  were 
shown  by  Mr.  LfCwis,  who  gave  some  ex- 
planations of  the  symbolical  language  of 
those  sculptures. 

CAMBRIDGE    CAMDEN  SOCIETY. 

A  Society  of  a  nature  similar  to  the 
Oxford  Architectural  Society  has  been 
instituted  at  the  sister  University  ;  though 
with  a  name  less  appropriate  (and  one, 
indeed,  which  will  probably  lead  to  some 
misapprehensions  of  its  intentions).  Its 
objects  arc,  however,  truly  laudable,  viz. 
the  prevention  of  future  acts  of  architec- 
tural barbarism,  by  the  diffusion  of  a  more 
accurate  knowledge  of  the  details  of 
Ecdesiutical  architecture ;  and,  secondlyi 


J  840.] 


jintiquarian  Researches » 


73 


tke  more  ardaooi  task  of  remedying  those 
i^ich  ha^e  already  been  committed.  The 
Societj  lias  printed  schemes  for  the  minute 
description  of  (ordinary  churches,  in  which 
form  it  inirites  reports  from  the  members. 
The  gentlemen  who  take  a  leading  part  in 
this  society  are  J.  M.  Neale,  of  Trinity 
C<^lege,  aa  Chairman  of  Committee ;  Mr. 
E.  J.  Boyce,  of  Trin.,  Treasurer ;  Mr.  B. 
Webb,  Trin.,  and  Mr.  £.  T.  Codd,  B.A. 
St.  John's,  Joint  Honorary  Secretaries. 
The  Yen.  Archdeacon  Thorp,  Fellow  and 
Totor  of  Trinity,  is  President ;  and  there 
is  a  highly  honourable  list  of  Vice- Presi- 
dents, among  whom  are  Professors  Whe- 
vtQ  and  Willis,  whote  publications  have 


so  materially  contributed  to  the  promotion 
of  sound  taste  in  architecture. 

We  should  have  been  happy  to  have 
been  able  to  add  that  this  Society,,  which 
has  existed  since  last  May,  had  already 
accomplished  many  things  worthy  of 
commemoration  ;  but  we  trust  that  its 
very  establishment  is  indicative  of  a  lively 
and  just  appreciation  of  old  English  archi- 
tecture ;  and  that,  either  under  this  or 
some  more  efficient  shape,  this  revival  of 
taste  may  be  manifested  in  sending  forth, 
throughout  the  country,  a  clergy  regardful 
of  the  visible  as  well  as  the  spiritual  beau- 
ties of  the  churches  committed  to  their 
charge. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIKTT    OT   ANTIQUARIES. 

X4tv.  21 .  This  was  the  first  meeting  of 
tiie  season,  and  Henry  Hallam,  esq.  V.P. 
was  in  the  Chair. 

John  Augustus  Francis  Simpkinson, 
esq.  Queen's  Counsel,  was  elected  Fellow 
of  the  Society. 

George  Godwin,  jun.  esq.  F.K.S.  and 
S.A.  communicated  the  first  portion  of 
some  notes  on  certain  ecclesiastical  build- 
ings in  Lower  Normandy.  The  principal 
objects  of  his  remarks  were  the  church  of 
St.  Jean  at  Caen,  and  the  cathedral  at 
Bayeux. 

The  reading  was  commenced  with  a  dis- 
sertation on  Anglo-Saxon  Runes,  by  John 
M.  Kemblef  esq. 

Nov.  28.     W.  R.  Hamilton,  esq.  V.P. 

Mr.  Kemble's  paper  was  continued. 

Dee.  5.     Mr.  Hallam  in  the  Chair. 

George  Smith,  esq.  of  Bedford-square, 
architect,  was  elected  Fellow  of  the  So- 
ciety. 

Tliomas  Windus,  esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited 
a  large  piece  of  crystal,  on  one  side  of 
which  are  engraved  in  intaglio  the  holy 
rood  between  standing  figures  of  Mary 
and  John,  the  foot  of  the  cross  resting  on 
a  twisted  snake,  and  on  either  side  at  top, 
in  circles,  half-length  human  figures  re- 
presenting the  sun  and  moon,  the  head 
of  the  former  surrounded  by  rays,  and 
that  of  the  latter  wearing  a  crescent,  each 
bearing  a  torch  in  their  hands.  The 
style  of  the  drapery  indicates  a  very  early 
period  of  art. 

Mr.  Colbum,  of  Norwich,  exhibited 
a  small  cup,  of  silver  gilt,  very  curiously 
ornamented.  It  is  engraved  with  inter- 
laced ornaments,  and  three  pairs  of  rude 
animals,  a  lion  and  unicorn,  an  elk  and 
bare,  and  a  (bird)  and  popinjay,  each  de- 
signated by  its  name  on  a  label  in  the 
Sclavonian  character.  It  has  a  handle  of 
a  flat  triangular  shape,  chased  with  a  re- 

GiifT.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII. 


presentation  of  Sampson,  or  David,  rend- 
ing the  lion's  jaws ;  and  it  stands  upon 
small  lions.  Round  the  verge  is  an  in- 
scription in  Sclavonian,  expressive  of  cer- 
tain aspirations  for  prosperity.  It  was 
lately  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Goddard 
Johnson,  of  Marsham  near  Aylsham,  Nor- 
folk ;  and  weighs  3^  oz. 

Henry  Howard,  esq.  of  Corby,  F.S.A. 
exhibited  drawings  of  several  relics  as- 
cribed to  Charlemagne,  viz. 

1.  His  hunting-horn  and  baldrick,  re- 
maining in  the  treasury  of  the  church  of 
Aix  la  Chapelle.  The  former  is  two  feet 
long,  and  evidently  of  high  antiquity. 
The  baldrick  is  of  crimson  velvet,  em- 
broidered at  the  edge  ;  its  ornaments  and 
the  letters  of  its  motto  are  of  silver  gilt. 
The  motto  is  dcin  t^n  Deitl  epn,  in  the 
ribbon  letters  of  the  fifteenth  century. 

ti.  The  epitaph  of  Fastradana,  the  third 
and  favourite  wife  of  Charlemagne,  pre- 
served at  Mainz  cathedral.  Some  of  the 
letters,  as  the  D  (an  inverted  C),  M,  and 
T,  are  of  a  very  singular  form,  and  many 
are  combined  together,  the  former  of  the 
letters  so  united  being  reversed,  as  in  the 
Roman  inscriptions.  At  length,  it  is  as 
follows : 

Fastradana  pia  Caroli  conjunx  vocitata, 
Cristo  dilecta,  jacet  hoc  sub  marmore  tecta; 
Anno  Septin^psimo  nona£pesimo  quarto, 
Quein  nuuienim  metro  claudere  musa  negat. 
Rex  pie  ciuein  jfessit  virjfo  licet  hie  cinerescit 
Spiritus  lieres  sit  iwtric  que  tristia  nescit. 

794. 

These  ancient  verses  are  illustrated  by 
the  following  modern  addition  : 

Quae  Fastradana*  coram  monumenta  tueris, 
Haud  ista  primiim  fixa  fuere  loco ; 

Aede  sed  Albano  sacra  cwsisaue  propinqui 
Martiribus  claro  vertice  collis  erant. 

Nunc,  ea  qu6d  ueriit  flammis  hostilibus  «des, 
Muta  locis  zelo  sunt  monumenta  pio. 

Tabula  ha:c  coisva  ex  marmore  antiuuo,  ut 
ab  interitu  servaretur,  ambitu  lapitus  ex- 
arato  in  stylo  Kvi  Carolin^ci  circumdata  anno 


^ 


74 


Antiquarian  Ee9earche$, 


[Jan. 


3.  The  Bword  of  Charlemagnet  with 
which  the  Emperors  of  Germany  have 
been  castomarily  girt  at  their  coronations. 
It  is  said  to  have  been  sent  to  Charle- 
magne by  Haroun  al  Raschid.  The  handle 
and  upper  and  lower  parts  of  the  sheath 
are  of  the  purest  Arabian  gold :  its  middle 
part  is  of  black  leather.  The  two  rims  of 
the  handle  have  jewels.  It  is  3^  feet  in 
length,  French  measure.  [Another  sword 
of  Charlemagne  was  kept  at  St.  Denis, 
and  is  engraved  in  Montfaucon,  vol.  i. 
pi.  xxiv.] 

4.  The  horn  of  Roland  at  Thoulouse. 
It  is  of  ivory,  sculptured  in  relief  with 
grotesque  animals.  This  is  said  to  have 
been  given  by  Charlemagne  to  the  church 
of  St.  Semin,  and  to  have  belonged  to 
Roland. 

5.  An  ivory  hunting-horn  at  Greystoke, 
bought  at  Rotterdam  in  1830.  It  is  two 
feet  in  length ;  and  is  ornamented  with 
outline  engravings  of  a  dog  overtaking  an 
ibex,  and  a  hunter  spearing  a  stag. 

Mr.  T.  G.  Waller  exhibited  drawings 
by  himself  and  brother,  of  several  se- 
pulchral brasses ;  viz.  Sir  Rob.  de  Bures, 
at  Acton,  Suffolk ;  one  at  Shottesbrooke, 
Berks,  of  a  priest  and  layman,  temp.  Rich. 
II.;  John  Martyn  at  Graveney,  Knt., 
Sir  R.  Swynborne  at  Little  Horkesley, 
Essex;  Thomas  Pownder  and  wife  at 
St.  Mary  Key,  Ipswich  ;  and  Archbishop 
Harsnett  at  Chigwell,  Essex  ;  also  an  en- 
graving of  that  of  Ralph  de  Knevington, 
at  Aveley,  Essex. 

The  remainder  of  Mr.  Kemble's  disser- 
tation on  Runes  was  then  read.  The 
author  has  confined  his  attention  to  the 
Runes  of  the  Anglo-Saxons ;  as  the  Scan- 
dinavian or  Old  Norse  characters  of  the 
same  description  are  as  distinct  as  the 
respective  languages,  and  have  been  pro- 
foundly and  successfully  treated  by  the 
antiquaries  of  the  north  of  Europe.  The 
German  runes  (which  are  identical  with 
the  Anglo-Saxon)  have  been  far  less  for- 
tunate ;  the  only  works  on  the  subject 
being  two  treatises  by  Wilhelm  Carl 
Grimm,  the  brother  and  fellow-labourer 
of  the  learned  James  Grimm. 

The  original  signification  of  the  word 
RCin  was  mysteriunit  a  secret,  that  of  the 
verb  wrltan,  now  to  write,  was  to  cut  or 
carve ;  the  stafas  were  the  smooth  sticks 
on  which  the  runes  were  cut ;  whilst  even 
the  word  b6c,  book,  recalls  the  beechen 
tablets  on  which  they  were  inscribed. 
The  invention  of  runes  was  attributed 
both  by  Scandinavians  and  Germans  to 
Odin  or  WAden,  the  Mercurius  of  the 
Romans,  and  both  alike  shared  a  belief  in 
their  magical  properties,  and  employed 
them  in  incantations  and  the  casting  of 
lots.    Even  to  a  late  period  the  same 


may  be  said  of  the  Anglo-Saxons.  Chris- 
tianity, though  it  laboured  earnestly  to 
destroy  these  superstitions,  and  so  suc- 
cessfully as  to  make  it  difficult  now  to  say 
to  what  extent  they  prevailed,  was  yet 
unable  to  eradicate  ail  traces  of  their 
former  existence.  As  adjuncts  of  the 
Heathen  rites,  the  runes  were  proscribed 
in  every  part  of  Europe  by  the  Christian 
priesthood,  who  introduced  the  Greek  or 
Latin  characters  together  with,  and  al- 
most as  a  part  of,  Christianity.  In  this  view, 
the  Runes  are  the  indigenous  Pagan  al- 
phabet as  contrasted  with  the  Greek 
characters  introduced  by  Ulfilas  among 
the  Goths,  called  Meeso-Gothic ;  and  the 
Latin  characters,  introduced,  probably  by 
Augustine,  into  England,  and  called  Anglo- 
Saxon  (the  present  use  of  which,  by  mo- 
dem editors,  Mr.  Kemble  condemns  as 
useless  and  troublesome).  It  is  at  the 
same  time  undeniable  that  at  the  very 
earliest  period  the  runes  were  used  in 
England  for  Christian  inscriptions.  Mr. 
Kemble  accounts  for  this  by  assuming 
that  the  earliest  converts  were  the  priests 
themselves :  they,  who  knew  what  the 
Runes  really  were,  might  have  the  less 
scruple  in  using  them,  with  or  without 
the  Roman  characters. 

The  Marcomannic  Runes  mentioned  by 
Hrabanus  Maurus,  are  identical  with 
those  of  the  Anglo-Saxons.  An  Anglo- 
Saxon  poem,  which  is  printed  in  Hickes's 
Thesaurus,  and  of  which  Mr.  Kemble 
gives  a  corrected  translation,  is  comme- 
morative of  the  several  runes,  each  stanza 
being  descriptive  of  one  of  them,  or  rather 
of  the  object  of  which  they  partook  the 
name :  they  are  as  follow :  Feoh,  money ; 
Ur,  bull ;  Thorn,  thorn  ;  Os,  mouth  ; 
Rad,  saddle  ;  Cen,  torch ;  Gifii,  gift ; 
Wen,  hope ;  Hsegl,  hail ;  Nyd,  need ;  Is, 
ice;  Ger,  year;  Eoh,  yew;  Peorth,  chess- 
man ;  Eolhx, sedge ;  Sigel,  sail;  Tir, ; 

Beorc,   birch;   Eh,   horse;   Man,  man; 

Lagu,  water ;  Ing, ;   Ethel,   native 

land  ;  Daeg,  day ;  Ac,  oak ;  ^sc,  ash ; 
Yr,  bow;  lor,  eel  (?)  ;  and  Ear,  war. 

The  inscriptions  which  Mr.  Kemble 
proceeds  to  notice  are : 

1.  The  gravestones  found  at  Hartle- 
pool (engraved  in  our  number  for  Sep- 
tember 1833,  and  afterwards  in  the  Ar- 
chaeologia,  vol.  XXVI.  pi.  Ui.)  They 
exhibit  the  names  of  two  early  Christians,' 
Hildithryth  and  Hilddigyth  (in  which 
latter  word  one  d  is  redundant). 

2.  A  somewhat  similar  gravestone  found 
at  Dover,  engraved  in  the  Archseologia, 
vol.  XXV.  p.  604.  The  name  is  Gial- 
heard,  and  not  Gisohtus,  as  there  sug- 
gested. 

3.  The  inscription  at  Bewcastle  in 
Northumberland.    The  words  are  rices 


1840;] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


^gfnm,  domini  potentis.  Something 
tinvvfore  is  lost,  or  the  pillar  itself  was  to 
be  taken  as  the  iignum.  The  long  in- 
Boriiitlon  on  the  pillar  at  Bewcastle,  en- 
pmrad  in  the  Archseologia,  vol.  XIV.  is 
too  nittbh  decayed  for  more  to  be  read 
thui  the  words  Cyniburuh  and  Crist.* 

4»  The  hiscription  engraved  in  Whita- 
ker'i  Biohmondshire,  vol.  ii.  p.  229. 
TUi  ii  either  not  Anglo-Saxon,  or  the 
oopf  ii  too  unsatisfactory  for  Mr.  Kemble 
to  tmit  himself  to  read  it. 

5.  ^nie  inscription  on  the  Font  at  Bride- 
kiilc  in  Cumberland  (ArchaH>logia,  vol. 
XIV.  pi.  TXT,)  This  is  very  difficult, 
aad  liaB  in  a  great  degree  to  be  supplied 
from  conjecture,  by  the  help  of  which 
Mr«  Kemble  makes  it:  Herigar  thegn 
oiwrohte*  UttBl  ikegn  Irmunricya  ge- 
Srokt9t  '*  Heregar  the  thane  wrought  it. 
Utel  Bormanrio's  thane  [or,  qu?  Utel 
Uie  thane,  son  of  Eormanric]  brought  it.'' 

6.  The  Cross  at  Ruthwell  on  the  Scotish 
border.     This  noble  monument  is  in  a 
yntj  dilapidated  state,  in  consequence  of 
hafing  been  thrown  down  by  the  puri- 
tanical  iconoclasts   in   1642.     Unfortu- 
nately, no  copy  had  been  previously  taken ; 
tflid  no  antiquary  or  philologist  has  hi- 
tberto  given  a  reasonable  account  of  it. 
The  attempt  was  declined  both  by  Hickes 
and  by  William  Grimm ;  but  two  adven- 
tnrona  Danes,  Finn  Magnusen  in  Copen- 
baceny    and  Repp  in  Edinburgh,    have 
written  largely  upon  it,  the  former  to  the 
extent  of  105  pages.    Tliey  have  both 
read  the  mere  letters  with  tolerable  accu- 
racy; but  from  their  Scandinavian  pre- 
possessions   and  imperfect   acquaintance 
with  Anglo-Saxon  and  its  northern  dia- 
lects,  have  been  wholly  unsuccessful  in 
ditid^g  them  into  words,  and  have  in- 
vented versions   of  which  not  the  least 
fragment  can  be  approved.     Mr.  Kemble 
states  that  the  inscription  is  in  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  dialect  which  was  spoken  in  North- 
umberland in  the  viiith  and  ixth  cen- 
turies,  and  the  fragments  of   it  which 
remain  contain  a  few  cOuplets  of  a  reli- 
gious poem  relating  to  the  events  repre- 
sented in  the  two  principal  compartments 
of  the  sculptm'es  :  viz.  the  washing  of  the 
Saviour's  feet  by  Mary  Magdalene,  and 
the  glorification  of  Christ  through  his 
passion.     One  of  the  four  sides  contains 
these  words :  **  The  powerful  King^  the 
Lord  qf  Heaven,  I  dared  not  hold.    They 
reviled  tu  two^  both  together.    I  stained 

*  Though  this  fac-simile  was  taken 
with  great  care  by  Henry  Howard,  esq. 
(in  1801),  we  think  it  possible  that,  if 
Mr.  Kemble  himself  was  to  visit  the  stone, 
he  might,  armed  with  his  knowledge  of 
the  languagci  decypher  more  of  it.  Edit. 


with  the  pledge  qf  crime  ..."    And 
begins  thus :  Q  Christ  was  on  the  Cr 

Ijo!  There  with  speed  came  from  q 
nobles  to  him  in  misery ,  H^c.    The  disb 
tation  on  this  interesting  monument 
the  most  elaborate  and  important  porti 
of  Mr.  Kemble' s  paper ;  which  he  c 
eludes  with  a  few  observations  on  the 
of  Runes  in  Manuscripts.    This  is 
fined  for  the  most  part  to  MSS.  of  lato 
date,  and  periods  when  any  paganism  ha4 
long  ceased  to  be  connected  with  them* 
The  first  and  simplest  use  of  them  if 
where  they  serve  the  purpose  of  a  kind  of 
short  hand,  the  figure  of  the  rune  being 
written  instead  of  the  word  which  was  iti 
name.     This  occurs  in  the  Rushwortb 
book,   in  the  Bodleian  Library;  and  in 
Beowulf.     In  two  Anglo-Saxon  poemi^ 
they  are  introduced  in  a  way  which  haa 
led  to  a  very  singular  discovery.    The 
first  of  these  poems  is  that  with  which 
the  Vercelli  MS.  (printed  by  Mr.  Purton 
Cooper)  concludes.     In  the  course  of  the 
last  twenty-eight  lines   there    are   eight 
runes,  which,  although  they  bear  a  sensOf 
still  seem  to  be  introduced  without  much 
connection.     On  putting  these  together, 
as  single  letters,  Mr.  Kemble  found  they 
formed    the  word   Cynewulf,    which  he 
concluded  to  be  the  name  of  the  author 
of  the  Poems.     Recollecting  that  there 
was  a  very  similar  passage  in   the  still 
more  celebrated    Codex    Elxoniensis   (of 
which  a  transcript  is   deposited  in  the 
British  Museum)  he  proceeded  to  extract 
the  runes  in  the  same  way  from  that,  and 
was   much   interested  to  find  that  they 
formed  the  same  name,  with  the  omission 
of  the  letter  e  ;  and  in  a  second  passage 
he  found  it  perfect  as  before.    This  Cyne- 
wulf Mr.  Kemble  believes  to  have  been 
the  Abbat  of  Peterborough  of  that  name, 
who  flourished  in  the  beginning  of  the 
eleventh  century,  who  was  accounted  in 
his  own  day  a  very  skilful  poet,  both  in 
Latin  and  Anglo-Saxon,  but  whose  works 
have  hitherto  been  reputed  lost.     The  re- 
markable discovery  now  made  by  help  of 
the  mysterious  runes,  suggests  with  great 
probability  that  he  was   the   author   of 
both  the  Vercelli  and  the  Exeter  codices. 
Mr.  Kemble  afterwards  notices  the  use 
-  of  runes  in  enigmas,   with  which  many 
pages  of  the  Exeter  codex  are  occupied. 
The  following  is  a  specimen : 

I  saw  a  SROH 

proud  of  spirit 

bright  of  head 

swift  over  the  level  plain 

strongly  run : 

he  had  upon  his  back 

a  NAM  bold  in  war, 

a  studded  saddle. 

The  wide  wandering  anew 


76 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Jar* 


bore  in  his  course, 

strong  in  his  saddle, 

a  proud  kofoah. 

The  brighter  was  the  passage 

the  journey  of  such. 

Say  what  is  my  name ! 

The  runes  are  here  written  from  right 
to  left,  SRGH  for  H0R8  (horse),  nam  for 
MAN  (man),  anew  for  wen  a  (waggoner), 
and  KOFOAH  for  uaofok  (hawk)  ;  but 
the  import  of  the  enigma  is  not  ascer- 
tained, though  it  is  supposed  to  be  my- 
thological. 

The  practice  of  the  writer  of  a  book 
adding  his  name  in  Runic  characters,  is 
not  uncommon  either  at  home  or  abroad  ; 
and  of  colophons  of  this  kind  Mr.  Kemble 
produces  several  examples.  He  concludes 
his  paper  with  an  Anglo-Saxon  poem  on 
the  virtues  of  the  Paternoster,  in  which 
each  Rune  is  accompanied  with  its  corre- 
sponding Roman  capitals. 

Dec.  12.  W.  R.  HamUton,  esq.  V.P. 

John  Matthew  Gutch,  esq.  of  Worces- 
ter, was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Society. 

Dr.  Bromet,  F.S  A.  presented  an  im- 
pression from  the  epitaph  of  Fastradana, 
or  Fastrada,  above  printed,  together  with 
some  remarks  on  its  history  and  identity. 
It  appears  that  the  church  of  St.  Alban, 
where  the  Queen  was  buried,  was  burnt 
by  the  Markgrave  of  Brandenburg  in  1552 ; 
the  stone  was  re-erected  in  its  present 
place  at  the  cathedral  by  Count  John  of 
Nassau,  in  1577.  There  appears  to  be 
no  just  reason  to  doubt  the  contempora- 
neous age  of  the  inscription,  which  is 
characterised  by  several  peculiarities 
such  as  reversed  letters,  and  others  of 
singular  form  ;  but  that  the  date  in  Arabic 
figures  was  probably  a  subsequent  addi- 
tion, which  may  well  have  been  the  case, 
as  the  year  was  already  expressed  in  words 
in  the  third  line. 

Richard  Almack,  esq.  F.S. A.  presented 
an  impression  of  a  seal  of  the  cathedral 
church  of  Lichfield,  the  matrix  of  which 
is  in  the  possession  of  a  clergyman  of  Suf- 
folk. It  is  oval,  and  divided  into  two 
compartments,  in  the  upper  of  which  is 
the  Virgin  and  Child,  seated  ;  and  in  the 
lower  St.  Chad,  the  episcopal  patron  of 
the  church,  also  seated.  Inscription  s. 
decan'  et  cap'li  eccl'ie  s'ce  marie 

ET  S'CI  CEDDE  LYCHEFELd'  AD  CAS*.     It 

is  ill  engraved,  from  a  defective  impression, 
in  a  plate  of  Shaw's  Staffordshire. 

Mr.  Samuel  Birch,  of  the  British  Mu- 
seum,  communicated  a  description,  with  a 
drawing,  of  the  entrance  to  an  Egyptian 
tomb,  now  at  the  British  Museum,  ex- 
plaining the  figures  and  hieroglyphic 
inscriptions.    The  stones  were  iK>ld  in 


Mr.  Salt's  collection  at  Sotheby's  in  1836, 
when  they  were  described  as  forty  pieces 
coming  from  the  pyramids. 

Dec.  19.     Hudson  Gumey,  esq.  V.P. 

John  Gage  Rokewode,  esq.  Director, 
exhibited  an  exceedingly  beautiful  Psalter 
of  the  early  part  of  the  fifteenth  century, 
which  was  made  for  that  eminent  patron 
of  the  calligrapher  and  artist,  John  Duke 
of  Bedford,  Regent  of  France.  It  is  a 
rival  in  point  of  splendour  to  the  cele- 
brated Bedford  Missal,  which  was  pur- 
chased a  few  years  since  at  a  princely 
price  by  Sir  John  Tobin  of  Liverpool. 
Of  the  present  MS.  the  larger  illumina- 
tions represent  various  scenes  of  the  life  of 
David  ;  and  the  smaller  are  generally  me- 
dallion heads  of  prophets,  priests,  &c. 
among  which  have  been  detected  portraits 
of  Henry  IV.,  Henry  V.,  &c.  One  pic- 
ture is  supposed  to  represent  the  Corona- 
tion of  Henry  VI.  This  sumptuous  vo- 
lume has  the  same  owner  (Mr.  Weld,  of 
Lulworth  Castlej  as  the  Luttrell  Psalter, 
which  was  described  last  year  by  Mr. 
Rokewode,  and  has  been  illustrated  by 
several  plates  of  the  Vetusta  Monumenta 
recently  issued. 

Mr.  Herbert  Smith  produced  a  series 
of    very  accurate    and    beautiful  draw- 
ings,  executed  by  commission  from  the 
Society,     of     some    paintings     recently 
discovered    in    the    Norman    church    of 
Barfreston,  Kent,  on  its  being  examined 
previous  to  repair.     These  paintings  are 
of  extreme  antiquity,  and  may  be  dated 
with  the  utmost  probability  to  the  period 
of  the  first  erection  of  the  church,  the 
reign  of  Henry  II.     They  occur  around 
the  walls  of  the  eastern  portion  of  the 
building,  and  within  the  deep  recesses  of 
the  windows.     During  the  prevalence  of 
the  Norman  style,  some  of  the  windows 
were  altered  (each  being  rebuilt  on  one 
side,  and  the  arch  elevated)  and  the  paint- 
ings were   thereby  affected,  which,  inde- 
pendently of  their  character,  proves  their 
very  early  date.    Their  style  of  art  is  ex- 
cellent, resembling  the  Italian  school,  and 
it  is  consequently  very  superior  to  our 
church  paintings  of  a  later  age.      They 
arc   scarcely  paralleled   by  any   English 
examples  hitherto  published,  but  some  of 
nearly  the   same  character   remain  near 
the  tomb  of  Bede  in  the  Galilee  of  Dur- 
ham Cathedral. 

The  reading  of  Mr.  Birch's  explanation 
of  the  hieroglyphics  of  an  Egyptian  tomb 
was  continued,  but  not  finished  ;  and  the 
meetings  of  the  Society  were  adjourned 
over  Christmas  to  the  9th  of  January. 


\ 


1840.] 


Antiqwaian  Researches, 


ANAST\8I  COLLECTION  OF  EGYP- 
TIAN ANTIQUITIES  AT  THE  BRITISH 
MUSEUM. 

The  coUectioii  which  was  formed  by 
lor  Anastasi,  consul  in  Egypt,  and 
has  lain  some  time  at  Leghorn,  has  at 
length  heen  onpacked.  It  was  purchased 
hj  the  Trustees  of  the  Museum  at  the 
price  of  1500/.  The  principal  objects  for 
which  it  was  acquired  were  the  historical 
papyri,  which  are  now  in  the  process  of 
■nroUingf  and  which,  there  is  every  rea- 
son to  sappose,  were  written  during  the 
reign  of  Menephtah  the  Second,  the 
•accessor  of  Rameses  the  Great.  They 
are  written  in  a  bold,  legible,  hieratic 
character,  and,  although  deficient  in  part, 
apparently  contain  a  kind  of  chaunt  or 
strain  in  celebration  of  the  victories  of 
King  of  Kings  ;  they  record  his  con- 
over  the  Ethiopians  and  the  Ne- 
(,  and  the  divisions  (qu.  metrical  ?) 
are  indicated  by  red  dots  placed  over  the 
tops  of  the  lines-  In  their  tenour  they 
are  analogous  to  the  papyri  of  M.  Sallier, 
which  have  been  analysed  by  M.  Salvo - 
Itni,  although  not  in  so  satisfactory  a 
manner  as  the  importance  of  the  subject 
drmands.  The  value  of  these  historical 
papyri  was  not  known  to  the  proprietors 
of  the  collection  while  it  was  at  Leghorn, 
and  they  were  actually  given  in,  although 
they  are  well  worth  the  whole  sum  paid  ; 
and  the  Museum  may  now  boast  of  being 
the  first  in  the  world  for  Egyptian  col- 
lections ;  it  possesses  the  Rosetta  Stone, 
the  Tablet  of  Abydos,  and  all  the  histori- 
cal papyri  in  Europe. 

Tlie  Anastasi  Collection  comprises  also 
two  sarcophagi,  one  of  a  personage  named 
Savaksi,  a  sacerdotal  functionary,  pro- 
bably of  Memphis  ;  and  the  other  of  a 
high  officer  of  state,  athlophoros,  &c. 
named  PihoU;  probably  made  during  the 
epoch  of  Rameses  the  Great :  these  mo- 
numents, with  a  double  calcareous  statue 
of  a  man  and  his  wife  or  sister,  in  the 
best  style  of  Egyptian  art,  now  remain  in 
the  ante-room  of  the  Phigalcian  Room. 
The  other  calcareous  objects  of  the  col- 
lection consist  of  steles  of  funereal  tablets 
of  functionaries  and  individuals,  deceased 
during  the  reign  of  the  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth  dynasties,  many  of  them 
bearing  the  names  of  the  monarchs  during 
whose  reign  the  person  died  ;  among  them 
are  the  prenomcns  of  Osertasen  the  First, 
Osertasen  the  Second,  and  the  Araon- 
emhes.  Tliese  monuments,  which  the 
visitor  easily  distinguishes  by  an  archaic 
cast  of  work,  were  probably  excavated 
from  Abydos  when  the  kings  of  the  six- 
teenth and  seventeenth  dynasties  were 
driven  to  Upper  Egypt  by  the  irruptions 


77 

and  conquests  of  the  Shepherd  races ; 
they  are  supposed  to  be  contemporaneous 
to  the  bondage  of  the  Jews,  and  they  ex- 
hibit the  purest  specimens  of  Egyptian 
art.  Some  of  the  steles  in  bas-relief  ma- 
nifest a  delicacy  of  execution  and  a  purity 
of  colouring  which  approach  the  effects  of 
Greek  art.  They  are  fresh  as  from  the 
hands  of  yesterday.  Many  of  the  func- 
tionaries, whose  names  and  offices  are  now 
recovered,  were  military  commandants  of 
the  south,  were  chancellors  (attached  to 
the  signet),  attached  to  the  weights  and 
measures,  royal  tutors,  priests,  prophets, 
loving  their  lords,  seated  in  the  hearts  of 
their  monarchs ;  the  eyes  of  the  king, — in 
the  metaphorical  language  of  their  simple 
panegyrics  ;  they  are  represented  seated 
with  their  wives,  and  receiving  offerings 
from  the  hands  of  their  surviving  children. 
The  hieroglyphical  inquirer  will  here  find 
much  food  for  his  researches,  as  several 
of  them  connect  the  Enentefs  with  their 
successors,  or  contemporaries,  of  the  six- 
teenth and  seventeenth  dynasties.  The 
texts  are  principally  dedications  to  Osiris, 
the  lord  of  Tat  and  Abydos,  and  the  dei- 
ties of  that  town. 

Some  of  the  objects,  however,  are  of 
a  period  more  recent,  being  the  works  of 
the  eighteenth  dynasty  ;  and  among  these, 
the  most  im))ortaut  is  a  magnificent  tablet 
for  an  officer  of  the  royal  works  who 
flourished  about  the  epoch  of  the  Pha- 
raoh Horus  (Haremhbai).  This  stands 
about  seven  feet  high,  and  is  dedicated  to 
Ra  and  Thoth.  The  style,  though  far 
inferior  to  the  earlier  works,  exhibits 
much  of  the  richness  which  characterises 
the  florid  and  magnificent  period  of  the 
great  Rameses,  who  was  the  Louis  XIV.  of 
the  Egyptian  race.  Together  with  this 
are  two  sides  of  the  entrance  of  a  tomb 
belonging  to  the  same  functionary,  and 
filled  with  his  pompous  titles,  and  ad- 
dresses of  adoration  to  Osiris. 

Tlie  next  objects  that  attract  the  at- 
tention are  the  mummies  :  these,  how- 
ever, are  not  so  remarkable  as  to  deserve 
a  specific  notice;  while,  among  the 
smaller  objects,  some  rank  high  on  ac- 
count of  material,  execution,  and  device. 
A  small  silver  figure  of  Nofre  Thmou,  or 
Nofre  Thorn,  may  be  instanced ;  a  small 
bronze  statue  of  a  Pharaoh,  magnificently 
inlaid  with  silver ;  an  ivory  box  carved  in 
the  form  of  a  goose,  which  has  just  caught 
a  fish,  and  passes  it  over  to  two  goslings, 
eagerly  flying  across  its  back  to  catch  it ; 
the  model  of  a  house  in  stone ;  four  cy- 
lindrical lead  vases  from  the  isle  of  Delos, 
with  covers  ;  and  the  usual  proportion  of 
alabaster,  porcelain,  and  other  objects. 


78 


JtUiquarvan  Researches. 


[Jan. 


BARROW   AT  TH0RNB0R0U6H,   BUCKS. 

On  a  farm  belonging  to  the  Duke  of 
Buckingham  and  Chandos,  near  Thorn- 
borough  Field,  Buckst  there  are  two  an- 
cient  Barrows,  one  of  which  has  recently 
been  opened  under  the  directions  of  his 
Grace,  by  the  labour  of  a  dozen  men  in 
about  ten  days,  it  being  above  twenty  feet 
high,  and  nearly  forty  across.  The  exca- 
vation was  commenced  by  cutting  a  trench 
right  down  the  centre ;  and  by  this  opera- 
tion it  appeared  that  the  barrow  was  com- 
posed of  alternate  layers  of  clay,  sand, 
and  mould,  which  continued  until  the 
trench  was  cut  down  to  the  original  level 
of  the  ground.  On  reaching  this,  a  large 
and  long  layer  of  rough  limestone  pre- 
sented itself,  on  which  were  found  vanous 
bronze  ornaments  in  an  excellent  state  of 
preservation.  Amongst  them  was  a  very 
curious  lamp,  beautihidly  shaped,  formed 
of  bronze,  and  totally  dUSferent  in  pattern 
to  any  hitherto  discovered — and  so  per- 
fect, and  taken  up  with  such  care,  that 
the  wick  was  actually  to  be  seen  in  the 
lamp.  Two  large  and  elegant  bronze 
vases,  a  large  dish,  a  bowl,  and  the  hilt 
of  a  sword  were  also  taken  out  without 
damage,  as  well  as  a  small  ornament  of 
purest  gold,  with  the  figure  of  a  Cupid 
most  elaborately  and  elegantly  chased 
upon  it.  A  large  glass  vessel  covered 
over  with  a  thick  piece  of  oaken  planking 
was  also  discovered,  but,  owing  to  the 
weight  of  the  superincumbent  earth,  it 
was  cracked  and  broken,  but  not  so 
much  so  but  that  within  it  were  detected 
the  ashes  and  fragments  of  the  bones  of 
the  individual  whose  remains  had  been  in- 
terred. These  curious  relics  are  all  taken 
to  Stowe  House,  the  seat  of  His  Grace 
the  Duke  of  Buckingham  and  Chandos, 
to  be  placed  in  the  Museum,  by  the  side 
of  other  Roman  remains,  which  were 
found  some  months  ago  at  a  Roman 
villa  within  a  mile  of  these  magnificent 
sepulchral  mounds.  The  site  of  these 
Barrows  is  near  a  bridge,  where  formerly 
was  a  ford  ;  and  rows  of  skeletons  have 
been  repeatedly  dug  up  near  the  spot, 
indicating  that  some  battle  had  been 
fought  there.  Bishop  Kennet,  in  his  Pa- 
rochial Antiquities,  tells  us  that  the  Ro- 
mans under  Aulus  Plautius,  having  driven 
the  Britons  out  of  Oxfordshire  into  Bucks, 
had  a  severe  engagement  with  them  on 
the  Ouze^  at  or  near  Buckingham,  when 
the  latter  were  defeated  under  the  two 
sons  of  Cunobelin.  This  spot,  bemg  within 
a  mile  and  a  half  of  Buckingham,  was  pro- 
bably the  scene  of  the  battle,  and  the  two 
barrows  monuments  raised  by  the  Romans 
over  two  of  their  lost  generals.  The 
other  Barrow  is  within  100  yards  of  the 
one  which  baa  been  recently  explored, 


and  will  probably  be  cut  through  when 
the  weather  becomes  more  favourable  for 
such  operations. 

ANCIENT    CANNON,     &C. 

Some  ancient  guns  and  a  variety  of 
other  objects  have  been  found  buried  in 
the  sand  and  clay  on  the  western  shore  of 
the  island  of  Wolney,  Lancashire,  at  a 
place  only  accessible  at  low  water.  A 
tradition  has  existed  in  the  island  for  se- 
veral centuries,  that  a  vessel  was  wrecked 
at  this  place,  and  there  are  very  old  men 
there  who  say  they  have  seen  consider- 
able fragments  of  this  wreck.  A  number 
of  men  were  employed  by  CD.  Arch- 
bold,  esq.  to  dig  for  the  remains  of  the 
vessel,  but  nothing  more  than  a  few  de- 
cayed planks,  timbers,  and  pieces  of  iron, 
were  found.  The  longest  of  the  guns  was 
quite  perfect  when  first  discovered.  It 
measured  10  feet  in  length,  the  breech 
was  in  the  centre^  and  it  must  have  been 
fired  both  ways ;  it  had  two  rings  near 
the  muzzles,  by  which  it  was  slung :  this 
gun  is  formed  of  thick  plates  of  iron, 
hooped.  No.  2  is  a  culverin,  quite  per- 
fect, with  rings,  and  formed  of  bars  of 
wrought  iron,  hooped  together.  Nos.  3 
and  4  are  chambers  for  guns,  and  sup- 
posed to  have  been  charged  with  powder ; 
they  are  of  wrought  iron,  and,  in  the  l;i- 
fancy  of  cannon,  were  placed  in  the  gun 
near  the  breech,  and  the  exploding  of 
their  charge  drove  out  the  shot,  which 
was  placed  nearer  the  muzzle  of  the  gun. 
All  these  guns  are  of  wrought  or  ham- 
mered iron,  have  no  trunnions  or  cosca- 
bel,  and  the  rings  with  which  they  are 
provided  were  to  allow  them  to  be  slung 
with  ropes  when  fired,  which  shows  that 
gun  carriages  were  not  in  use  at  that  time. 
At  the  same  place  other  guns  have  been 
found — one  six  to  seven  feet  long,  and 
three  inches  calibre,  with  a  strong  iron 
handle  running  along  the  top  side  firom 
breech  to  muzzle ;  inside  it  was  a  mi« 
niature  gun,  probably  a  chamber.  The 
large  gun  was  found  highly  charged  ¥rith 
gunpowder,  and  the  oakum  wadding  was 
quite  sound.  In  all  about  20  guns  have 
been  discovered,  and  a  great  number  of 
stone  balls,  made  chiefly  of  a  close-grained 
granite,  about  B  or  l^lbs.  weight  each; 
an  18lb.  shot  of  hammered  iron,  and 
some  small  ones  cast,  which  are  enve- 
loped in  lead.  A  pair  of  compasses  of 
bronze,  of  very  antique  fashion;  some 
old  swords,  a  buckle,  and  a  number  of 
other  articles,  were  turned  up  during  the 
excavation.  About  two  miles  from  this 
spot,  eastward,  is  Peel  Castle,  built  by 
the  monks  of  Fumess,  in  the  reign  of 
Stephen.  Here  Lambert  Simnel  laoded, 
A.D.  1467,  with  his  forces  from  Irdand, 


1S40.] 


AnHprnifian  Bnearahei: 


79 


eoBSMuided  by  MarUn  Swarti  and  6e- 
rmldiBe»  who  were  joined  by  Sir  T. 
Brcmgbton,  a  man  of  great  wealth  and 
inflaence  in  this  country.  It  has  been 
tsppoted  that  a  reaael  of  the  armament 
was  wrecked  here.  Others  suppose  it 
bdongi  to  an  earlier  age— perhaps  one  of 
the  ships  that  accompanied  Richard  II. 
m  his  kst  expedition  to  Ireland.  In  the 
third  year  of  his  reign  (1379)  a  disaster 
happened  in  these  seas:  the  fleet  and 
army  under  Sir  John  Arundel,  bound  for 
Britany,  were  driyen  into  the  Irish  Sea ; 
S6  Tessels  were  lost,  with  the  commander 
and  1000  men.  Others  suppose  it  was 
a  supply  of  ordnance  from  Louis  XI. 
who  was  a  great  gun  maker,  to  the  King 
of  Scotland,  and  he  might  prefer  the  ves- 
sel stealing  quietly  up  the  Irish  Channel 
to  the  Clyde,  as  safer  than  the  Eastern 
Channel.  These  curious  remains  are  to 
he  placed  in  the  repository  at  Woolwich. 

mOMAV  IN80KIPTION8  AT  LINCOLN. 

In  tlie  Mechanics'  Institution  is  depo- 
sited  a  Roman  tablet,  discovered  on  the 
site  of  the  houses  lately  built  opposite  the 
dty  gaol.  The  inscription  was  probably 
nerer  completed,  but  the  following  read- 
ing is  suggested : — 

LftirtO  SEMPRONI  FLA 
VlNI  MIL(i;T(t)S  LEG  Villi 
'  ALAVD(a-)  \{ulit)  SEVERI 
AER(am)  VII  AN(n)OR(ttm)  XXX 
ISPANIC(fl)  ALERIA 
CIV(i7fl#)  MA(/mia). 

(The  tomb)  of  Lucius  Sempronius  Fla- 
vinius,  a  soldier  of  the  ninth  legion — 
QuKStor  of  the  Alauda  of  Julias  Severus 
—of  seven  campaigns  (&)  of  30  years  (of 
age}— Aleria  of  Spain   (was)  his  native 

The  character  before  ALAUD  is  like 
the  inverted  q,  our  note  of  interrogation 
— assuming  it  to  be  q,  it  may  be  read 
puutoris  or  quadratep.  The  Legio  quad- 
rmtM  consisted  of  4000  men. — Vide  Rosini. 
Antiq, 

Alauda  (lark),  a  name  given  to  legions, 
the  soldiers  of  which  wore  tufted  helmets, 
supposed  to  resemble  the  crest  of  the  lark. 

JSrum  —  Stipends — from  (Ps  brass  or 
money  of  any  description — the  stipendiary 
soldiers  were  Milite*  yErati^  and  were 
paid  at  the  end  of  the  campaign  by  the 
treasurer,  or  Quo'ttor  Airariua. 

Julius  Severus  was  a  governor  of  Bri- 
tain under  Hadrian. 

CIV  MA  —  Qm/  —  •'  CAUBA  JUSTI 
ICANIBUR.**? 

In  the  same  are  also  casts  of  the  two 
following : — 

Cast  of  a  Ublet  found  on  the  premises 
•I  the  AldensMi  Colton^  n>POittt  Um 


city  gaol,  now  in  the  possession  of  Col. 
Sibthorp,  M.P. 

DOMO 
CLAVDIAE 
CRISIDI 
VIXIT 

AN(n)0(*)  LXXX 
HEREDES 
P    O 
"  To  Crisis  (who)  lived  ninety  years  in 
the  house  of  Claudia,  her  heirs  placed 
(this  monument)." 

Cast  of  a  tablet  in  the  cloister  of  Lin- 
coln cathedral : — 

DIS  MANIBVS 
FL(atrtttt)  HELIVS  NATI 
ONE  GRECVS  VI 
XIT  ANNOS  XXXX 
FL(flt;ia)  INGENVA  CO 
NIVGI  POSVIT. 
**  To  the  gods  of  the  sbades  below. 
Flavins  Helius,  by  birth  a  Greek,  lived 
40  years. — The  noble  Flavia  placed  (this 
tablet)  to  (the  memory)  of  her  husband.'* 
— Lincoln  Gazette, 

ANCIENT   SHIP   AT   M0UNT*8   BAY. 

The  discovery  of  the  hull  of  a  vessel 
imbedded  in  the  beach  near  Newlyn, 
Mount's  Bay,  has  caused  much  curiosity. 
She  was  about  50  tons,  flat-bottomed, 
clinker-built,  of  oak,  30  feet  long.  Her 
ribs  were  only  four  inches  apart,  and  suf- 
ficiently strong  for  a  vessel  double  her 
size.  There  were  marks  of  nails,  but  not 
a  bit  of  iron  was  found ;  from  which  it 
would  seem  that  wood,  when  shut  up 
from  the  air,  is  the  most  durable.  The 
vessel  appears  to  have  been  in  ballast 
when  lost.  Two  ancient  coins  were  found 
on  board,  one  of  which  bears  the  inscrip* 
tion  **  Ave  Maria,"  but  without  date, 
and  resembles  the  coins  or  counters  of 
the  fourteenth  century. 

DISCOVERY    OF    COINS. 

Some  workmen  lately  employed  in 
lowering  a  hill  near  the  house  in  the  oc- 
cupation of  Mr.  Hyland,  gardener  to  the 
Earl  of  Sandwich,  on  his  lordship's  es- 
tate, at  Brampton,  near  Huntingdon,  dis- 
covered an  earthern  pot,  containing  454 
silver  pieces,  being  half-crowns,  shillings, 
and  sixpences  of  the  reigns  of  Elisabeth, 
James,  and  Charles.  The  vessel,  on  ex* 
posure,  almost  immediately  fell  into  dust. 
The  collection  was  handed  over  to  the 
Earl  of  Sandwich,  and  is  supposed  to  be 
worth  30/.  in  old  silver.  Application  has 
been  made  to  his  Lordship,  on  behalf  of 
the  Numismatic  Society,  for  permission 
to  investigate  this  collection  before  it  is 
dispersed,  as  it  is  very  possible  that  in  so 
large  a  mass  many  rare,  and  perhaps 
hitherto  nnpublished,  types  and  rtrietiet 


80 


Antiquarian  Researches. -^Historical  Chronicle, 


[Jan. 


A  friend  trarelling  through  Belgium 
and  the  Rhenish  provinces  of  Prussia, 
states,  that  there  is  every  where  ma- 
nifest a  desire  to  repair  the  beautiful 
Gothic  structures  so  richly  scattered  over 
these  countries.  The  Prussian  Govern- 
ment has  consented  to  appropriate  a  sum 
of  money  annually  towards  the  building, 
or  rather,  for  the  amount  is  too  small  for 
any  other  purpose,  the  preservation  of 
that  unique  gem  the  Cathedral  at  Co» 
logne.    At  Brussels  and  Antwerp  work- 


men are  employed  in  renewing  the  exte- 
rior ornaments  of  the  cathedrals.  At 
Louvaine,  the  Hotel  de  Ville  is  under 
repair.  At  Liege,  the  interior  of  the 
principal  church  (St.  Lambert)  is  about 
to  be  repaired,  the  frescoes,  hitherto 
concealed  by  whitewash,  to  be  revealed, 
and  the  beautiful  roof  to  be  revived  and 
re-gilt.  The  stone  at  Cologne  and  Lou- 
vaine is  steeped  in  boiling  oil  before  it  is 
put  up,  in  order  the  better  to  withstand 
the  influence  of  the  weather* 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN  NEWS. 


SPAIN. 

Cabrera  still  maintains  his  positions, 
unassailed  if  not  unassailable.  Espartero 
has  betrayed  no  anxiety  to  hazard  the  issue 
of  a  general  engagement.  Some  trifling 
rencontres  have  taken  place,  in  which  both 
sides  have  laid  claim  to  success  :  but  the 
season  is  now  so  far  advanced  that  further 
operations  on  a  large  scale  are  scarcely  to 
be  looked  for. 

PORTUGAL. 

The  ministry  of  the  Baron  de  Sabrosu 
was  abruptly  dismissed  by  the  Queen  on 
the  25th  of  November.  The  persons 
'  lamed  to  succeed  them  are  :  Count  Bom- 
fim,  President  of  the  Council  and  War 
Minister,  and  ad  interim  in  charge  of  the 
portefeuilles  of  Marine  and  Foreign  Af- 
fairs. Viscount  Carreira,  Foreign  Affairs, 
(at  present  in  France).  Count  Villa  Real, 
JVIarine(now  in  France).  Florido  P.  Fer- 
raz.  Finance  (formerly  Administrator  Ge- 
neral of  the  Customs^.  Costa  Cabral, 
Justice  rChief  of  the  Police  on  the  occa- 
sion  of  the  arsenal  revolt,  in  1838).  Fon- 
seca  Magalhaes,  Interior.  Of  these  Count 
Bomfim  and  Costa  Cabral  belong  to  that 
section  of  the  Sepcembrist  party  designat- 
ed by  the  name  of  Ordeiros.  The  four 
others  are  all  Charterists  or  Moderados. 
The  new  ministry  seems  likely  to  stand 
its  ground.  Their  honourable  determi. 
nation  to  maintain,  to  the  utmost  of  their 
power,  the  good  faith  of  the  country,  by 
prompt  liquidation  of  all  claims  upon  the 
treasury,  without  favour  or  litigation, 
whether  the  national  creditors  are  foreign 
or  domestic,  augurs  well  for  their  popu« 
larity  and  stability. 

SWITZERLAND. 

A  revolution  has  taken  place  in  the 
Canton  of  Tidno.  The  immediate  cause 
of  the  insurrection  is  said  to  have  been 
the  arrest  of  a  workman  of  Lugano :  but 
the  government  was  preYiously  unpopu- 
10 


lar,  from  its  adoption  of  harsh  measures 
towards  several  citizens  of  the  liberal  party. 
The  populace  rose  en  nuuaet  and  over- 
threw the  cantonal  government  without  a 
drop  of  blood  being  shed.  Both  the  fort 
and  the  arsenal  were  given  up  to  the  citi- 
zens,  and  a  provisional  government  was 
installed.  It  remains  to  be  seen  whether 
the  dread  of  the  armed  intervention  of 
Austria  will  put  down  this  revolutionary 
movement  with  equal  facility.  An  ex- 
tensive scheme  for  the  regeneration  of 
Italy  is  in  agitation  in  the  southern  and 
central  states  of  that  peninsula,  but 
France  backs  Austria  in  her  wishes  to  • 
coerce  these  very  troublesome  republican 
neighbours.  She  is  now  sending  out  two 
squadrons  of  observation  to  cruise  off  the 
opposite  coasts  of  Italy,  the  one  to  An- 
cona,  and  the  other  to  Civita  Vecchia. 

AFRICA. 

The  French  colony  in  Algeria  has  late- 
ly received  a  severe  shock,  not  merely 
from  being  thinned  by  the  ravages  of 
disease,  but  from  the  hostile  inroads  of 
the  Arab  chief,  the  Emir  Abd-el-Kadir, 
who  has  sent  circular  missives  to  the 
heads  of  the  various  Mahometan  hordes 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  settlement,  to  ex- 
cite a  holy  war  against  the  Christian  dogs, 
and  to  drive  them  out  of  Africa.  In 
furtherance  of  this  design,  he  entered  the 
French  province  with  fire  and  sword ; 
and  having  found  them  off  their  guard,  as 
it  would  seem,  from  contempt  of  the  foe 
they  had  to  contend  against,  he  surprised 
some  of  their  outposts,  and  cut  off  several 
of  their  detachments.  Marshal  Vallee 
has  applied  for  10,(XX)  additional  troops, 
to  enable  him  to  maintain  his  ground ; 
but  preparations  are  making  for  sending 
out  a  much  larger  force  than  even  his 
public  despatches  call  for. 

INDIA. 

The  fort  of  Joudpore,  in  Rajpoolana, 
surrendered  to  the  British  on  the  Slst  of 


\ 


J  840.] 


Dominic  Occurrence. 


81 


Scptemb^,  tnd  that  of  Kurnaul,  in  the 
Deccui,  oo  the  6th  of  October,  without 
a  shot  beiog  fired.  A  few  days  after  6e. 
neiml  WiUshire  determined  to  attack  the 
cunp  of  the  Rajah,  at  about  three  miles 
diatance,  and  if  possible  secure  his  per- 
son. This  attack  ended  in  the  total  rout 
of  the  enemy,  but  the  Rajah  escaped. 
Very  large  military  stores  have  been 
foond  in  Kumaul,  and  treasure  amounting 
to  nearly  1,000,000/.  sterling..  In  the 
camp  was  captured  an  immense  quantity 
of  jewels,  and  150,000/.  in  specie.  The 
British  lost  several  officers,  among  whom 
were  Col.  Wright  and  Lieut.  Yates  of 
the  Skh  reft,  and  Lieut  White  of  the 
(Queen's)  39th  foot.  The  Shah  of  Per. 
sia  has  consented  to  acknowledge  Shah 
Soonah  as  Kin^  of  Afghanistan.  Dost 
Mahomed  is  still  at  large.  No  doubt  ex< 
jsts  of  Uie  organization  of  a  widely  rami. 
fied  conspiracy  amon^  the  native  chiefs 
to  rise  against  the  British,  in  case  the  ex. 
pedition  to  Afj^hanistan  had  failed.  Dis. 
turfaances  are  bkely  to  arise  from  the  un. 
popularity  of  the  son  and  successor  of 
Huojeet  Singh. 


JAMAICA. 


The  new  Governor  of  Jamaicfl,  Si"" 
Charles  T.  Metcalfe,  has  met  the  House 
of  Assembly  of  that  Island.  The  Go. 
vemor's  opening  speech  was  unreserved 
and  conciliatory ;  the  address  of  the  House 
in  reply  was  expressive  of  gratitude  and 
confidence.  Both  parties,  it  is  to  be 
hoped,  will  for  the  future  act  dispassion. 
ately,  and  take  a  subdued  and  temperate 
view  of  the  differences  which  have  so 
lately  agitated  and  distracted  the  colony. 

AMEaiCA. 

The  yellow  fever  has  been  this  year 
uncommonly  severe  in  Mobile  and  New 
Orleans.  But  lately  a  more  dreadful  ene- 
my has  appeared.  A  secret  conclave  of 
incendianes,  for  reasons  unknown,  al. 
though  a  revenge,  dark  and  mysterious, 
is  supposed  to  be  the  object,  has,  within 
three  weeks,  twelve  times  fired  the  city 
of  Mobile.  A  superb  bank,  the  post 
office,  a  theatre,  and  several  handsome 
hotels,  and  some  hundred  houses,  have 
been  destroyed,  but  no  traces  of  the  cul* 
prits  could  be  found. 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


New  Churches. 

In  addition  to  the  many  New  Churches, 
the  recent  completion  of  which  we  have 
BOticed  in  our  two  last  numbers,  we  have 
now  to  record  the  following : 

A  new  church  at  Speen,  near  Newbury, 
Berks,  which  has  been  erected  and  en- 
dowed by  the  vicar,  the  Rev.  M.  H.  Ma- 
joidie.  The  communion  service  and  or. 
gan,  both  presented  by  Mr.  Majendie,  are 
associated  with  the  honoured  name  of 
the  late  Bishop  of  Bangor  (Dr.  Majen. 
Se),  having  been  in  his  possession  many 
years. 

The  chapel  erected  at  Marihallt  Che- 
shire,  has  been  consecrated  by  the  Bishop 
of  Chester.  It  is  dedicated  to  All  Saints, 
and  has  been  erected  at  the  cost  of  about 
4^.  of  which  100/.  was  given  by  the 
Cheshire  Rural  Chapel  Society,  which 
giTes,  also,  10/.  a*year  towards  the  minis- 
ter's stipend.  This  chapel  is  erected  on 
ground  given  by  Wilbrahum  Egerton,  esq. 
who,  besides  subscribing  liberally  towards 
the  boilding.fund,  endows  it  with  501. 
yearly,  therebv  having  the  right  of  pre. 
sentation.  The  edifice  is  a  plain  fabric 
of  brick,  computed  to  accommodate  300 
persons,  including  about  100  free  sittings. 
The  Rev.  R.  D.  Thomas,  late  CbapUin 

Gent,  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


to  the  House  of  Correction  at  Knutsford, 
is  now  Perpetual  Curate  of  Marthall. 

A  small  episcopal  chapel  has  been 
opened  in  Avon-street,  Bath;  and  by 
the  bounty  of  a  private  individual,  and 
other  means,  a  permanent  provision  of 
150/.  per  annum  will  be  made  for  the 
support  of  a  minister. 

Oct.  9.  St.  Paul's,  Stalyhridge,  in  the 
parish  of  Mottram,  Cheshire,  was  duly 
consecrated  by  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Ches. 
ter.  The  Earl  of  Stamford  and  Warring- 
ton, in  addition  to  the  five  acres  occupied 
by  the  church  and  burial-ground,  has  ge- 
nerously given  10,000  yards  of  land,  on 
which  to  erect  a  school  and  parsonage- 
house. 

Oct.  10.  A  chapel  of  ease  at  Lower 
Heeding,  in  Tilgate  Forest,  Sussex,  re- 
ceived consecration.  It  is  in  the  Early 
English  style,  and  contains  more  than 
200  sittings. 

Oct.  12.  The  newchurch  recently  erect- 
ed in  Tonge,  near  Middleton,by  (>arliamen. 
tary  grant  and  local  contributions,  was 
consecrated  by  the  Bishop  of  Chester,  as- 
sisted by  the  Rev.  T.  Blackbuni,  A.M. 
Rector  of  Prestwich,  and  patron  of  the 
Curacy  of  Tonge.  The  edifice  is  situated 
on  an  eminence  not  far  from  the  centre 
of  the  township,  and  commands  several 

M 


82 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


[Jan. 


pleasing  views  ;  it  is  of  brick,  surmounted 
by  stone  pinnacles;  the  windows  are  lan- 
cet-shaped, and  the  style  is  Earl^  En- 
glish.    The  dedication  is  to  St.  Michael. 
Oct,   15.     Two  events  of  importance 
took  place  in  the  improving  and  pros- 
perous town  of  St.  Helen's,  Lancashire, 
the  consecration  of  a  new  church  and 
the  opening  of  a  new  town  hall.     The 
buildings  reflect  high  credit  on  the  archi- 
tects,  Messrs.   A.  and  G.   Williams,  of 
Liverpool,  and  Mr.  W.  Morison,  Tox- 
teth.park.     The  town  ball  is  situated  in 
the  new  market-place,  a  handsome  square, 
around  which  good  and  respectable  houses 
are  either  built  or  in  course   of  erec- 
tion.     The  contract    for    the   building 
amounted  to  3000/.  Mr.  Morison  being 
the  contractor.     The  funds  were  raised 
by  subscription.     The  church  is  an  edi- 
fice of  a  peculiarly  pleasing  appearance. 
It  is  built  at  the    sole  cost  of   Peter 
Greenall,  esq.  who  has  also  liberally  en- 
dowed it,  and  erected  a  school  adjoining 
it,  and  is  about  to  build  a  parsonage  house 
for  the  incumbent     It  is  in  the   Early 
English  style,  and  in  the  form  of  a  Latin 
cross.     The  contract  for  the  church  was 
about  3500/.     It  is  furnished  with  altar 
service  of  silver,  books,  and  other  requi- 
sites,  by  Mr.  Greenall. 

Nov,  5.  The  pretty  little  church  of 
Glynn  Taffy  Newbridge,  was  consecrated 
by  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Llandaff.  The 
parish  of  Eglwysillan  is  very  extensive, 
and  the  population  much  increased  bv 
the  various  tin  and  other  works,  which 
during  the  last  few  years  have  been  esta- 
blished  in  the  neighbourhood.  Sir  Benja- 
min Hall  conveyed  part  of  a  field  called 
Caergove  for  the  site ;  and  by  voluntary 
contributions  a  church  has  been  built  90 
feet  long  and  40  wide,  capable  of  accom- 
modating 1000  persons.  The  Hon.  K. 
H.  Clive  and  John  Bruce  Pryce,  esq. 
have  given  400/.  for  its  endowment. 

Nov,  8.  A  commodious  chapel  of  ease 
at  Hersham,  in  the  parish  of  Walton -on- 
Thames,  dedicated  to  the  Holy  Trinity, 
was  consecrated  by  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
Winchester.  It  has  been  raised  by  sub- 
scription, at  the  cost  of  about  1800/.  to- 
wards which  500/.  was  contributed  by  the 
Diocesan  Church  Building  Society,  and 
250/.  by  the  Incorporated  Soicety  for 
Building  and  Repairing  Churches,  &c. 
The  site  was  given  by  Mr.  Wm.  Holmes, 
of  Hersham  ;  and  Sir  Henry  Fletcher, 
Bart,  of  Ashley-park,  has  endowed  the 
chapel  with  1000/.  It  is  built  in  the 
Norman  style,  affording  472  sittings,  of 
which  236  are  free. 


Nov,  25.     All   Saints'    Church,   Mile 
End  NetP  Town,  built  and  endowed  by 
the  Metropolis  Churches'  Fund,  was  con- 
secrated by  the  Bishop  of  London.     It  in 
executed  in  brickwork,  with  stone  dress- 
ings ;  the  design  is  in  the  Norman  style, 
by  Mr.    T.   L.   Walker,   and  has   been 
already  noticed  in   our  Number  for  last 
August,   p.    177.      The   timbers  of  the 
trusses  of  the  roof  and  galleries  are  in 
sight,  which  tends  to  give  a  great  appear- 
ance of  lightness  to  the  interior,  without 
detracting  from  that  of  solidity  peculiar 
to  the  stylp.     The  Rev.  Henry  Taylor, 
B.C.L.  one  of  the  domestic  Chaplains  to 
the  Earl  of  Powis,  and  late  Curate  of 
Christ  Church,  St.  Marylebone,  has  been 
nominated  to  the  ministry  of  this  densely 
populated  hamlet,    which    has    hitherto 
formed  part  of  the  extensive  parish  of 
Stepney.     There  are  sittings  for  upwards 
of  1100  persons,  the  greater  part  of  which 
are  free.     Messrs.  Hanbury,  Buxton,  and 
Co.   the  eminent   brewers,   whose  pre- 
mises adjoin  Spicer*  street,  have  liberally 
subscribed  200  guineas  towards  the  build- 
ing, and  a  like  sum  towards  the  endow- 
ment 

Nov,  27.  The  church  near  Tredegar- 
square.  Mile-end f  was  consecrated  by  the 
Bishop  of  London.  The  ground  on 
which  the  church  is  built,  and  a  sufficient 
space  for  a  burial  ground,  -was  given  by 
Sir  Charles  Morgan,  Bart,  and  his  tenant, 
Andrew  Reed,  esq.  and  the  altar  and  pul- 
pit  fittings,  the  books  and  communion 
plate,  were  presented  by  the  worthy 
baronet. 

Canterbury  Cathedral.  The  north-west 
tower  of  this  venerable  pile  bus  recently 
been  rebuilt,  in  a  style  corresponding  to 
the  south-west  tower,  by  the  Dean  and 
Chapter,  at  the  expense  of  30,000/.  The 
whole  of  the  stone  required  has  been  pro- 
cured from  Caen  in  Normandy,  from  the 
very  quarry  which  supplied  that  originally 
employed  to  build  the  cathedral ;  and  for 
some  time  past  three  hundred  tons  have 
been  regularly  imported  into  Whitstable 
every  week,  from  whence  it  was  conveyed 
by  railway  to  Canterbury.  The  interior 
of  the  cathedral  has  teen  completely 
cleaned,  and  is  now  just  as  fresh  as  if  it 
had  been  recently  built.  The  vaulted 
roof,  with  the  shields  of  arms  in  their 
proper  heraldic  colours,  and  with  many 
of  the  bosses  gilt,  has  a  very  splendid 
appearance.  The  tombs  are  also  being 
thoroughly  cleaned;  and  the  sumptuous 
monument  to  Archbishop  Chichele  has 
been  redecorated  and  restored  by  the  Mas^ 
ter  and  Fellows  of  AU  Souls. 


83 


■  * ' 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazette  Promotions. 

Nov,  28.  George  Wing^ove  Cooke,  of  the 
Inner  Temple,  esq.  Bamster-at-Law,  to  be  an 
Assistant  lithe  Ck)nimissioner. 

Nov.  99.  77th  foot,  Capt.  J.  P.  Xelley  to  ba 
MiJor.— Brevet  Capt.  J.  H.  Bainbriege,  Fort 
BlMor  and  Adjutant  of  Guernsey,  to  be  Major 
in  tlie  Army. 

Nov.  ao.  Robert  Page,  of  Charlton  House, 
Somerset,  esq.  to  be  an  Assistant  Tithe  Com- 
missioner. 

Dec.  3.  Royal  Artillery,  brevet  Col.  Sir  R. 
Gardiner,  K.C.B.  to  be  Col. ;  brevet  Lieut.- 
CoL  W.  Wylde  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel. 

Dec.  4.  The  Right  Hon.  Thomas  Erskine, 
Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas ;  Joshua  Evans. 
J.  S.  M.  de  G.  de  Fonblanque,  and  Edward 
Holroyd,  esqs.  three  of  the  Commissioners  of 
the  Court  of  Bankruptcy ;  William  John  Law, 
esq.  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  Court 
for  the  Relief  of  Insolvent  Debtors ;  and  Wm. 
Crawford/Wynn  Ellis,  Benjamin  Hawes  the 
younger,  Thomas  Alers  Hankey,  George  Carr 
Glyn,  and  John  Horsley  Palmer^  esqs.  to  be 
Her  Majesty's  Commissioners  to  inquire  into 
the  present  state  of  the  laws  relating  to  bank- 
rupts and  insolvent  debtors,  and  the  adminis- 
tration thereof,  and  whether  it  be  expedient  to 
make  any  alteration  therein. 

Dec.  5.  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  John  Colborne, 
G.C.B.  created  Baron  Seaton,  of  Seaton,  co. 
Devon.— The  Marquess  of  Breadalbane  to  be 
Lieutenant  and  Sheriff  Principal  of  the  shire 
of  Argyll. 

Dee.  6.    1st  West  India  Reg.  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir 

W.  Nicolay  to  be  Col. ^To  oe  Majors  in  the 

Army,  Capt.  G.  Duff,  93d  foot ;  Capt.  R.  Stack, 
45th  foot.— Charles  Thompson,  of  Hare-court, 
Teinnle,  esq.  Barrister-at-Law,  to  be  an  Assist- 
ant Tithe  Commissioner. 

Dec.  9.  Knighted,  Thomas  Phillips,  escj. 
late  Mayor  of  S'ewport,  co.  Monmouth.— Col. 
Sir  Alex.  Anderson,  Knt.  and  C.B.  to  accept 
the  insignia  of  a  Knight  Commander  of  the 
Portuguese  Order  of  St.  Bento  d'Avis,  con- 
ferred for  his  conduct  in  the  Peninsular  War, 
when  serving  in  her  Most  Faithful  Majesty's 
army,  as  Colonel  of  the  11th  foot ;  Col.  G.  W. 
Paty,  C.B.  and  K.H.  to  accept  the  same  in- 
signiaiConferred  for  his  conduct  in  the  Penin- 
sular War,  particularly  at  the  siege  of  Badajos. 

Dec.  11.  George  Lord  Auckland,  G.C.B. 
created  Baron  Eden,  of  Norwood,  co.  Surrey, 
and  Earl  of  Auckland;  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  John 
Keane,  G.C.B.  created  Baron  Keaue,  of  Ghuz- 
nee,  in  Affghanistan,  and  Cappoquin,  co. 
Waterford.— To  be  Baronets  or  the  United 
Kingdom,  William  Hay  Macnaghten,  esq.  of 
the  Civil  Service  of  the  East  India  Company, 
on  the  Bengal  Establishment,  Envoy  and 
Minister  from  the  government  of  India  to  his 
Majesty  Shah  Shooja-ool  Moolk ;  and  Colonel 
Henry  Pottinger,  in  the  service  of  the  East 
India  Company,  on  the  Bombay  Establish- 
ment, Political  Resident  in  Cutch.— Knighted, 
by  patent,  Lieut. -Col.  Claude  Martine  Wade, 
of  the  Military  Service  of  the  East  India 
Company,  on  the  Bengal  Establishment,  Poli- 
tical Resident  at  Loodiana. 

Dec.  13.  2nd  Drag.  Guards,  Capt.  H.  W, 
CharltODi  to  be  Major. ---Srd  Light  Dragoons, 


Major  Michael  Wliite  to  be  Lieut.-Colowl  t 
Capt.  G.  A.  Malcolm  to  be  Miyor.— 16th  Ugkt 
Dragoons,  Miyor  C.  R.  Cureton  to  be  lient^ 
Colonel ;  Capt.  A.  C.  Lowe  to  be  Major.— Stad 
foot,  Capt.  H.  S.  Davis  to  be  Major.- Brevet  (to 
be  dated  SSrd  July  1839)— Col.  R.  H.  Sale,  Uth 
foot,  to  have  the  local  rank  of  Major-Gencnl 
in  Affghanistan ;— To  be  Lieutenant-Colon^ 
in  the  Army, Majors C.  R. Cureton^lCth Dragm, 
John  Pennycuick,  17th  Foot,£dw.  T.  TronflOn» 
13th  Foot,  F.  D.  Daly,  4th  Light  Drag.,  Rich. 
Carruthers,  2nd  Foot,  and  G.  J.  ArDowcD, 
16th  Light  Drag. ;— To  be  Maiors  in  the  ArmT. 
Captains  James  Kershaw,  13th  Foot,  and  T.  S» 
Powell,  40th  Foot ;— To  be  Lieut. -Colonels  fai 
the  East  Indies  only.  Minors  James  Kdth* 
Bombay  N.  Inf.  (Deputy  Ac^utant-gen.),  James 
Maclaren,  Bengal  N.  inf.,  Peter  L.  Pew,  Ben- 
gal Art.,  James  D.  Parsons,  Bengal  N.  Inf^ 
(Deputy  Commissary-gen.),  George  Warren, 
Bengal  Eur.  Reg.,  C.  M.  Wade,  Bengal  N.  Inf.» 
H.  F.  Salter,  Bengal  Cav.,  David  Cuninghame* 
Bombay  Cav. ;— To  be  Majors  in  the  East 
Indies  only.  Captains  Neil  Campbell.  Bombay 
N.  Inf.  (Deputy  Quartermaster-gen.),  Geoi^ 
Thomson,  Bengal  Engineers,  William  Garden, 
liengal  N.  Inf.  (Deputy  Quartermaster-gen.)]» 
John  Hay,  Bengal  N.  Inf.,  John  Lloyd,  Bom- 
bay Art.,  Patrick  Craigie,  Bengal  N.  Inf.  (De- 
puty Adjutant-gen.),  Alex.  C.  Peat,  Bombay 
Eng.,  William  Alexander,  Bengal  Cavalry; — 
To  nave  the  local  rank  of  Major  in  Affghanis- 
tan, Lieut.  Eldred  Pottinjger,  Bombay  Art. — 
The  liOrds  of  the  Committee  of  Council  on 
Education,  have  appointed  the  Rev.  John 
Allen,  M.A.,  and  Seymour  Tremenheere,  esq. 
barrister-at-law,  as  inspectors  of  schools  to 
be  aided  by  public  grants.  (Salaries  three 
guineas  per  uay  each,  out  of  town,  and  two 
guineas  per  day  in  town ;  their  travelling 
expenses  to  be  allowed  in  addition). 

Dec.  14.  Royal  Artillery,  brevet  Major  C.  E. 
Gordon  to  be  Lieut.-Col. 

Dec.  16  William  Newton,  of  Wath  cottage, 
Pickering,  co.  York,  cs(i.  in  compliance  with 
the  will  of  George  Watson,  of  Old  Malton 
abbey,  esq.  to  take  the  name  and  arms  of  Wat- 
son only. 

Dec.  19.  William  Ogle  Carr,  esq,  to  be 
Second  Puisne  Judge  of  Ceylon,  and  James 
Stark,  esq.  to  be  her  Majesty's  Advocate  in 
Ceylon. — John  Nightingale,  eaq.  to  be  one  of 
her  Majesty's  lion.  Corps  of  Gentlemen  at 
Anns. 

Dec.  20.  Col.  Thomas  Willshire,  command- 
ing the  Bombay  troops,  with  the  rank  of 
Major-Gen.  in  India;  Col.  Joseph  Thackwell, 
commanding  the  Cavalry,  with  the  rank  of 
Major-Gen.  m  India ;  and  Col.  R.  H.  Sale,  com- 
manding the  13th  Drag,  with  the  rank  of  Major" 
General  in  Affghanistan,  to  be  Knights  Com- 
manders of  the  Bath. — To  be  Companions  of 
the  Bath : — Lieut.-Colonels  John  Scott,  4th 
Light  Drag. ;  William  Persse,  16th  Lancers ; 
Wm.  Croker,  17th  Foot ;  Ronald  Macdonald, 
4th  Foot,  Deputy  Adjutant-gen.  Bombay ;  Abr. 
Roberts,  Bengal  N.  inf.;  Thomas  Stevenson, 
Bombay  Art. ;  Thos.  Monteath,  N.  Inf.  ;  H.  M. 
Wheeler,  Bengal  N.  Inf. ;  C.  M.  Carniichael 
Smyth,  Bengal  N.  Cav. ;  Benthani  Sandwith, 
Bombay  N.  Cav. ;  Foster  Stalker,  Bombay  N. 
Inf.}  and  Claude  Martine  Wade,  Bengal  N.Inf. ; 


84 


PrefermefUi  and  Births. 


[Jan. 


Major  Georare  Thomson,  Bengal  Enr. ;  and 
Major  Eldred  Pottineer,  Bombay  Art.— Staff, 
Brevet  Major  S.  R.  Warran,  of  the  66th  Foot, 
to  be  Deputy  Quartermaster-gen.  to  the  Tlroops 
serving  in  Jamaica,  with  the  rank  of  Lieut.- 
Col.  in  the  Army. 

Dee.  21.  Lord  Kinnaird  to  be  Master  of 
Her  M^estv^s  Buck  Hounds. 

Dee.  W.  Henry  V.  Huntley,  esq.  Capt.  R.N. 
to  be  Lieut.-Governor  of  Her  Majesty's  set- 
tlements on  the  Gamoia. 


Civil  Preferments. 


Naval  Appointments. 
detains  J.  W.  Montague,  to  the  Britannia ; 
Horatio  Thomas  Austin,  to  the  Cyclops.— 
Commander  Chas.  A.  Barlow,  to  the  Nimrod. 

Ecclesiastical  Preferments. 
Rev.  M.  6.  Beresford  to  be  Archdeacon  of 

Ardagh. 
Rev.  J .  wilberforce  to  be  Archdeacon  of  Surrey. 
Rev.  T.  D.  Moore  to  be  Prebendary  of  Kingua- 

lor  and  Athnowen  R.  Ireland. 
Rev.  C.  Ackland,  Queenborough  P.C.  Kent. 
Rev.  £.  Allen,  Keinton  Mansfield  R.  Som. 
Rev.  L.  F.  Bagot,  Castle  Rising  cum  Roydon 

R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  R.  H .  D.  Barham,  Lolworth  R.  Camb. 
Rev.  J  C.  Bellingham,  Aldsworth  P.C.  Glouc. 
Rev.  B.  Bennet,  St.  John's,  Chiltlehampton, 

P.C.  Devon. 
Rev.  J.  Birch,  Crossens  P.C.  Lane. 
Rev.  W.  S.  H.  Braham,  St.  George  and  St. 

Mary  Magdalen  R.  Canterbury. 
Rev.  A.  Broadley,  Walditch  P.C. 
Rev.  J.  M.  Brown,  Isham  Inferior  R.  Nthpn. 
Rev.  J.  Charnock,  Aldfield  P.C.  York. 
Rev.  J.  M.  Cholmeley,  Lower  Breeding  P.C. 

Sussex. 
Rev.  C.  S.  Coxwell,  East  Chinnock  R.  Som. 
Rev.  James  Davies,  Chilworth  P.C.  Hants. 
Rev.  John  Davies,  Gateshead  R.  Durham. 
Rev.  R.  B.  Davies,  Accrington  P.C.  Lane. 
Rev.  T.  Davis,  Roundhay  PC.  York. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Dearsley,  Horton  P.C.  Stafford. 
Rev.  F.  Duncan,  West  Clieborough  R.  Dorset. 
Rev.  F.  F.  Fawkes,  Great  and  Little  Hampton 

P.C.  Wore. 
Rev.  Yate  Fosbroke,  St.  Ives  V.  Huntingd. 
Rev.  C.  W.  Gibson,  St.  Clement's  V.  Cornw. 
Rev.  J.   H.  Harding,  Child's   Wickham  V. 

Gloucestershire. 
Rev.  H.  Hardinge,  Woodbridge  P.C.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  C.  Hatch,  Fordingbridge  V.  Hants. 
Rev.  J.  Hill,  Barlby  P.C.York. 
Rev.  H.  Hughes,  St.  John's,  Clerkenwell  R. 
Rev.  R.  R.  Hughes,  Kemmerton  V.  Glouc. 
Rev.  W.  Hurst,  Boylstone  R.  Derbyshire. 
Rev.  H.  A.  Jeffreys,  Hawkhurst  V.  Kent. 
Rev.  R.  Kent,  Disley  P.C.  Cheshire. 
Rev.  W.  F.  Kerr,  Marston  Sicca  R.  Glouc. 
Rev.  R.  R.  Knott.  Helidon  V.  Nthpn. 
Rev.  R.  W.  Lambert,  Fifehed  and  Sewell  V. 

Somersetshire. 
Rev.  J.  T.  Maine,  Harrington  R.  Line. 
Rev.  P.  Maitland,  St.  Peter's,  Blackburn  P.C. 

Lancashire. 
Rev.  J.  B.  Reade,  Stone  V.  Bucks. 
Rev.  H.  Taylor,  All  Saints  P.C.  Stepney. 
Rev.  T.  Twisden,  East  Allington  R.  Devon. 
Rev.  W.  Vincent,  Steventon  V.  Berks. 
Rev.  J.  White,  St.  Andrew  cum  St.  Edmund  R. 

Canterbury. 
Rev.  R.  N.  Whittaker,  Whalley  V.  Unc. 


Chaplains. 

Rev.  J.  R.  Page  to  be  Chaplain  and  Professor 
of  English  Literature  to  the  College  for 
Civil  Engineers. 

Rev.  J.  Sinclair  to  the  Bishop  of  Londo*^ 


Daniel  Whittle  Harvey,  esq.  of  Raleigh-house, 

Brixton,  to  be  Commissioner  of  the  Police 

Force  of  the  City  of  London  and  Liberties 

thereof. 
Charles  Harwood,   esq.   to  be   Recorder  of 

Shrewsbury. 
Rev.  W.  Cockcroft  to  be  Head  Master  of  Knats- 

ford  School. 
Edw.  Elder,  M.A.  to  be  Head  Master  of  Dur^ 

ham  Grammar  School. 
Rev.  G.  Gray  to  be  Professor  of  Oriental  Um- 

guages  in  the  University  of  Glasgow. 
Mr.  w.  A.  Graham  to  be  Secretary  to  the 

Society  of  Arts  (having  received  ninety-six 

votes,  only  two  above  his  competitor  Mr. 

Williams,  the  Secretary  of  the  Mathematical 

Society). 


BIRTHS. 

Oct.  27.  At  Ganton,  the  Hon.  Lady  Legard, 
a  dau. 

Nov.  6.  At  Corfu,  the  wife  of  the  Hon.  Lt.- 
Col.  Ellis,  60th  Rifles,  a  dau. 8.  At  Cam- 
bridge, the  wife  of  Ambrose  W.  Hall,  esq.  of 

St.  Peter's  college,  a  dau. 9.  At  Dublin, 

the  lady  of  Sir  Beresford  B.  M*Mahon,  Bart,  a 

son  and  heir. U.  At  St.  John's  House,  Isle 

of  Wight,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Chas.  Worsley, 

a  son. 15.  The  wife  of  the  Hon.  W.  E.  Fitx- 

maurice,  2nd  Life  Guards,  a  son. 16.  At 

Dorchester,  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Vandeleur, 

10th  Hussars,  a  son. 17.  At  Salisbury,  the 

wife  of  Johu  Mills,  esq.  of  Bisteme,  a  son. 

20.  At  Mitcham,  the  wife  of  G.  C.  Glynn,  esq. 

a  son. At  the  house  of  her  father.  Joshua 

Bates,  esq.  in  Portland -place,  the  wife  of  Mr. 
Van  de  Weyer,  the  Belgian  minister,  a  son. 

21.  At  Fulmer-place,  Bucks,  the  wife  of  Henry 

Waterton,  esq.  a  son. 22.  At  Cheltenham, 

the  wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Byron,  a  dau. 

24.  At  Naples,  Lady  De  Tabley,  a  dau. At 

Credenhill  Court,  Herefordshire,  the  wife  of 

J.  E.  Eckley,  esq.  a  dau. ^The  wife  of  the 

Rev.  F.  J.  Courtenay,  Rector  of  North  Bovev, 

Devon,  a  son. 25.  At  Cambridge,  the  wife 

of  the  Rev.  W.  Hodgson,  D.D.  Master  of  St. 

Peter's   college,  a  son   and   heir. ^26.    In 

Upper  Harley  st.  the  wife  of  E.  J.  Rudrc,esq. 

a  son. 28.  At  the  Bury.  Chesham,  Bucks, 

the  wife  of  William  Lowndes,  esq.  a  dau. 

At  Sandwell,  Staff.,  the  Countess  of  Dart- 
mouth, a  son. 30.  At  Montreal,  Kent,  Vis- 
countess Holmesdale,  a  son. 

Laiely.  At  Bray,  the  wife  of  the  Hon. 
Coote  Hely  Hutchinson,  Capt.   R.N.,  a  son. 

At  Buckland  Cottage,  the  wife  of  H.  St. 

John  Medley,  esq.  a  son. At  Ham,  Surrey, 

the  wife  of  W.  James,  esq.  M.P.  a  son. 

Dec.  1.  The  wife  of  the  Rev.  Gilbert  Ains- 
lie,  D.D.,  Master  of  Pembroke  coll.  Camb.  a 

son. 5.  The  wife  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cardwell, 

Principal  of  St.  Alban's  hall,  Oxf.  a  dau. 

6.  The  wife  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Pretyman, 

Rector  of  Middleton-Stoney,  a  son. 7.  At 

Edinburgh,  the  wife  of  H.  J.  W.  Collingwood, 

esq.  of  Lilbum  Tower,  a  son. At  Downes, 

the  wife  of  James  Wentworth  Buller,  esq.  a 

son. 8.  The  wife  of  Sir  C.  E.  Grey,  a  dan. 

9.  At  Temple  Densley,  Herts,  the  wife  of 

T.  P.  Halsoy,  esq.  a  son  and  heir. ^The 

Countess  of  Craven,  a  dau. At  Longfleet, 

Dorset,  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  P.  W.  Pedler, 

a  dau. 10.  At  Spyc  Park,  the  wife  of  J.  E. 

A.  SUrkey,  esq.  a  dan 11.  In  Devonshire- 
place,  the  wife  of  William  Selby  Lowndes,  Jun. 

esq.  of  Winslow,  Bucks,  a  dau. 15.  At  the 

Marq.  of  Downshire's,  Hanover-square,  Lady 
Mary  Hood,  a  son. 


1840.] 


Marriages. 


85 


MARRIAGES. 


Jmfy  J4.  At  Qdcutta,  Wciby  B.  Jackson, 
C9^.  of  the  CiTil  Serrioe,  Commissioner  of 
■ooniiedAbML  brother  to  Sir  Keith  Jackson, 
ikrt.,  to  Haria,  ddett  dan.  of  Lieut-Col. 
fAnillv,  B.  I.  C. 

m.  At  Cawnpore,  Rrancis  Dmmmond,  esq. 
ith  BcngBl  Uriit  car.,  second  son  of  Sir  F.  W. 
Drvrnmond,  Bart.,  to  Panline-Jemima-Catha- 
rine,  da».  of  Chanes  Mackensie,  esq.  Bengal 
dfriHwerrict. 

Smt.  a.  At  Madras,  Lieut.  George  Row- 
liiHftoB.  ATt.^oarth  son  of  the  late  Rev.  M. 
lovlaadBon,  D.D.  Vicar  of  Warminster,  to 
Aba,  Mcond  dan.  of  the  late  Henry  Alexander, 
ea^.  Cbkmial  Secretary,  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

U.  At  l^culla,  near  Bombay,  the  Rev. 
GeoTige  M.  valentine,  M.A.  son  of  the  Rev. 
Joim  Valentine,  Perp.  Curate  of  Tintinhull, 
"^^ .,  to  Louisa,  youngest  dan.  of  the  late  Dr. 


Od.  S.  At  the  Cathedral,  Bombay,  George 
IMIcxfto,  esQ.  to  Frances-Eleanora,  second 
daa.of  IVm.  Dickins,  esq.  of  Kilburn  Priory. 

as.  At  Clapham,  Daniel  Williams,  esq.  of 
Fhmcocliy  Montgomerysh.,  eldest  son  of  the 
late  Rer.  Daniel  Williams,  Vicar  of  Llanfair 
Ckercinion,  to  Emma,  dau.  of  C.  R.  Kent, 


The  Rer.  Samuel  Stead,  M.A.  Incum: 
of  Borton-on-Trent,  to  Mar>',  eldest  dau. 
of  tiK  late  Thos.  Salt,*esq. 

tl.  At  York,  James  C.  Yorke,  esq.  5th  Dra- 
goeti  Guards,  to  Georgiana- Augusta, youngest 
dan.  of  the  Rev.  Chanes  Hawkins,  Canon  of 
Tork, 

AW.  4.  At  Wrexham,  Robert  Smith,  esq. 
■OB  of  BL  ^ith,  es^.  of  CapenhurHt  House, 
Cheshire,  to  Cathanne-Selina,  third  dau.  or 
tke  Hon.  and  Rev.  A.  H.  Cathcart,  Vicar  of 
Kippax,  Yorkshire. 

$.  At  Rnightwick,  Wore,  the  Rev.  W  H. 
Oakley,  B.A.  Curate  of  Melton  Mowbray,  to 
lliaabeth<Collinson,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
John  B<41,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Knightwick. 

7.  At  Walcot,  Bath,  the  Rev.  Joseph  White, 
of  Milwich,  Stair,  eldest  son  of  Jamen  White, 
esq.  of  Dublin,  to  Caroline,  only  dau.  of  the 

late  Capt.  Scott,  2nd  Drag.  Guards. At  Lea- 

Bington,  the  Rev.  J.  T.  Toye,  Rector  of  St. 
8lqAen*s,  Rxeter,  to  Klizal)etn,  dau.  of  the  late 
W.  Dicker,  esq.  of  Moreton-hani'pstead. 

».  At  St.  Pancras  New  Church,  G.  H.  lAke, 
esq.  lii  Reppel-st.  to  Harriet-Mary,  eldest  dau. 

of  the  late  John  Wall,  esq.  of  Regcnt-sq. 

At  Kensington,  Alex.  James  Moore,  esq.  late  of 
Jamaica,  to  Sarah,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rich. 
Hook,  esq.  of  Heathfield,  Sussex. 

la.  At  Kilglass,  CO.  liongford,  R.  T.  B. 
Heam,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Kdw. 
Heam.  Vicar  of  Killargue,  co.  Leitrim,  to  Char- 
lotte, dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  R.  T.  Heam,  Vicar 

€i  Ratbcline. At  Leicester,  the  Rev.  Geo. 

P.  Phillips,  M.A.  to  Lucy-Agnes,  fourth  dau. 
of  the  late  Rev.  Edw.  T.  Vaughan,  M.A.  and 


to  Sir  H.  Halford.  Bart. 

14.  At  St.  James's,  Westminster,  the  Rev. 
H.  Palmer,  of  York-street,  to  Louisa-Sarah, 
yoongest  dau.  of  the  late  T.  W.  Marson,  esq. 

of  Xewington,  Surrey. At  Dodbrooke,  the 

Hon.  Wm.  A.  de  Courcy,  brother  to  Lord  Kin- 
sale,  to  Charlotte,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Jacob 
Weymouth,  esq.  R,N.  of  Malliorough,  Devon. 

^The  Rev.  Benj.   Howell,  Rertor  of  Hugh- 

Inr,  Shropshire,  to  Anne,  second  dau.  of  Capt. 
Uoyd,  of  Acton  Round  Hall. 

19.  Rev.  Henry  Fox,  of  Churrhover,  Warw. 
to  Rlixabeth-Cliandler,  only  child  of  John 
Tebbs,  esq.  of  Ullesthorpc  House,  I^eir. 

SO.  At  St.  George's,  Hanovcr-sq.  Gustavo 
Gaggiotti,  esq.  of  the  Palazra  Nuovo  Bor- 
ISWM,  Rome,  to  Mary,  dati«  ut  tht  late  Lady 


Caroline  Barham. ^The  Rev.  Samuel  Key. 

of  Water  Fulford.  Yorksh.,  to  Harriet,  only 
dau.  of  William  Lumb,  esq.  of  Meadow  House, 

near  Whitehaven. At  Paddington,  George 

L.  Taylor,  esq.  of  Hyde  Paric-sq.  and  Lw, 
Kent,  to  Charlotte,  third  dau.  of  the  hite  Jas. 
Wright^  esq.  Garrison  Surgeon  to  the  Forces. 
Martinique. 

21 .  At  Durham^he  Rev.  Henry  Rawlinson, 
of  Symondsbury,  Dorset,  son  of  John  Raw- 
linson,  esq.  of  Wimpole-st.  to  Sarah-Anne» 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Dr.  Armstrong,  of 
Russell-square.  — At  Malborough,  Devon. 
Nicholas  Lockyer,  esq.  of  Plymouth,  to  Eliza' 
Sykes,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Wm.  Jackson, 
esq.  barrister-at-law,  and  sister  of  Wm.  Jack- 
son, eso.  of  the  Mould. At  Mydrim  Church. 

Carm.  William  Sainsbury,  esq.  M.D.  of  Cor- 
sham,  Wilts,  to  Clara-Eleanor,  second  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Lewis,  Rector  of  Merthyr. 

Rev.  G.  Fleming  Lamb.  B.A.  of  Queen's 

Coll.  Camb.,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Col.  Wm. 
Lamb,  E.  I.  Service,  to  Maria-March,  niece  of 
John  Weston,  esq.  of  Hardingstone. 

25.  At  Manchester,  Edwara  Wanklyn,  esq. 
of  Hertford-st.,  Mayfair,  to  Mary-Jane,  only 
survi\ing  dau.  of  the  late  John  Bradshaw,  esq. 
of  Weaste  House,  Eccles. 

26.  At  Plympton,  Devon,  Robert  Aylwin, 
esq.  of  London,  to  Jane,  youngest  dau.  of  the 

Rev.  John  Arscott. The  Rev.  T.  D.  Holt 

Wilson,  Rector  of  Hinderclay,  Suffolk,  second 
son  of  the  late  Adni.  Wilson,  of  Redgrave 
Hall,  to  Barbara,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  James 
Halls,  esq. Calverley  R.  Bewicke.  of  Bar- 
sham  House,  Suff.,  to  Emma,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Calverley  J.  Bewicke,  of  Hallaton  Hall, 

Leic. At  Battersea,  the  Rev.  Edw.  Geare, 

A.M.  son  of  John  Geare,  esq.  of  Exeter,  to 
Ann-Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  Randolph    Payne, 

esq.  of  Lavender  Hill. At  Epping,  Richard 

J.  Eaton,  esq.  M.P.  eldest  son  of  Richanl 
F^ton,  esg.  of  Stetchv^orth  Park,  Camb.  to 
Charlotte- Elizabeth,    second    dau.  of  Henry 

John  Conyers,  esq.of  Copwd  Hall.  Essex. 

The  Rev.  J.  Greensall,  Vicar  of  Wimbish, 
Essex,  to  Mary-Anne,  2nd  dau.  of  the  Rev. 

Chas.   George,  Rector  of  Wicken. At  St. 

George's,  Han.-sq.  the  Rev.  R.  C.  Dillon,  D.D. 
to  Frances-Charlotte,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 

Thomas  Rumliall.  esq.  of  Bushey,  Herts. 

At  Mcdomsley,  the  Rev.  Charles  Carr.  fourth 
son  of  the  late  John  Carr,  esq.  of  Dunstan 
Hill,  CO.  Durham,  to  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late 
Anthony  Surtees,  esq.  of  Hamsterley  Hall. 

27.  At  Brighton,  G.  H.  Woodward,  of  the 
Middle  Temple,  esq.  to  Anne-Elizabeth,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Wyatt.esq.  of  WiUen- 

hall  house,  Herts,  and  Willenhall.  Warw. 

At  Childwail,  Lane,  .Vrthur  Lc  Blanc,  esq.  of 
Bridge-street,  Hlackfriars,  to  Emma-Anne, 
second  dau.  of  T.  Case,  esq.  of  Thingwali 
Hall,  Lancashire. 

2«.  At  Lewisham,  John  Frederick  Pett.eaq. 
to  Charlotte- Holmes,  second  dau.   of  Capt. 

Waller. At  Little  Berkhampstead,  Godfrey 

Tallents,  esq.  of  Newark,  to  Ellen,  dau.  of  Sir 

William  Home. At  Braunston,  the  Rev.  A. 

B.  Clough,  Rector  of  Braunston,  to  Sarah, 
dau.  of  R.  H.  Lamb,  esq.  of  Bragborough 
House,  Norihampton. 

30.  At  Croydon,  the  Rev.  Henry  Gehle, 
D.D.  Chaplain  to  the  Netherlands  Embassy,  to 
Anne,  second  dau.  of  Thomas  .Minter,  esq.  of 
Norwood. 

Latfttf.  At  Listowel  Church,  Kerry,  the 
Kev.  George  Maxwell,  Rortor  of  Askeaton  and 
Jocrus,  in  the  county  of  Limerick,  and  nephew 
of  the  Dean  of  Ardagh,  to  Mar^aret-Anne, 
second  dau.  of  John  Francis  Hewson.  esq.  of 
Rnnismore,  and  cousin  of  the  Rt.  lion.  M. 
Fttzgerald,  Knight  of  Kerry. 


86 


OBITUARY. 


The  King  of  Denmark. 

Dec,  3.  At  Copenhagen,  after  a  short 
illness,  in  his  72nd  year,  Frederick  VI. 
King  of  Denmark,  K.  G. 

King  Frederic  VJ.  the  son  of  King 
Christian  VII.  and  Caroline  Matilda, 
Princess  of  England,  was  bom  on  the 
28th  January  1768.  He  was  declared 
of  age  as  co- Regent  and  President  of  the 
Council  of  State  on  the  1 4th  April  1784, 
succeeded  his  father  as  King  on  the  13th 
March  1808,  and  was  crowned  at  Fre- 
dericksburg, the  31st  July  1815 :  he  had 
consequently  directed  affairs  for  nearly 
fifty-six  years,  and  reigned  thirty-two. 

Seldom  has  the  life  of  a  King  been 
marked  by  such  a  succession  of  misfor- 
tunes as  befel  that  of  Frederic  VI.,  and 
seldom  has  there  been  a  King  more  loved 
and  honoured  b^  his  people.  The  un- 
happy events  which  occurred  in  his  youth, 
the  insanity  of  his  father,  the  execution 
of  the  unfortunate  Struensee  (under  whose 
care  he  had  been  educated),  and  the  ba- 
nishment of  his  mother,  who  died  of  grief 
at  being  separated  from  her  beloved  son ; 
all  these  are  known. 

No  less  so  is  the  part  which  he  sus- 
tained in  after  years  in  the  defence  of  his 
kingdom,  when  the  battle  of  Copenhagen 
was  added  to  the  records  of  modern  war- 
fare. But  it  is  chiefly  as  a  benefactor  to 
his  country  that  the  name  of  Frederick  VL 
will  be  remembered  ;  to  him  are  owing  the 
liberty  of  the  press  in  Denmark — the 
emancipation  of  his  subjects  from  the  last 
remains  of  feudal  authority — the  abolition 
of  the  slave  trade  (in  which  Denmark  set 
the  example  to  the  rest  of  Europe) — the 
equalization  of  law  and  diminution  of 
legal  processes  —  the  establishment  of 
schools  for  general  education — the  intro- 
duction of  popular  representation — and, 
finally,  the  system  of  order  and  economy 
which  marked  the  financial  affairs  of  the 
kingdom.  His  character  was  moreover 
deserving  the  highest  eulogy  for  mildness, 
uprightness,  simplicity,  and  attention  to 
business. 

England  at  last  made  the  amende  hono- 
rable to  Denmark  by  sending  her  King 
the  order  of  the  Garter  in  the  year  1822. 

His  Majesty  married,  July  31, 1790,  his 
cousin  Maria  Sophia  Frederica,  daugh- 
ter of  Charles  Landgrave  of  Hesse-Cas- 
sel,  by  his  aunt  Louisa  Princess  of  Den- 
mark. The  Queen  survives  him,  having 
had  issue  only  two  daughters,  of  whom 
Caroline,  the  elder,  was  married  in  1829 
to  her  cousin  Prince  Frederick- Ferdi- 
nand of  Denmark  ;  and  Wilhelmina,  the 
youngest,  in  1828  to  Prince  Frederick 
Charles  Christiau,  now  Crown  Frince  of 


Denmark,  the  nephew  of  the  former. 
The  Crown  has  devolved  on  the  male 
heir,  now  Christian  VIII.  He  is  cousin* 
gprman  to  the  late  King,  being  the  son  of 
the  Crown  Prince  Frederick,  who  died  in 
1805.  It  is  remarkable  that  this  monarch 
should  already  once  have  worn  a  crown, 
and  that  so  long  as  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago.  He  was  proclaimed  King  of  Nor- 
way on  the  19th  May  1814,  and  abdicated 
after  the  Congress  of  Vienna  on  the  15th 
Aug.  in  the  same  year,  tfe  married,  first, 
the  Princess  Charlotte  -  Frederica,  of 
Mecklenburg- Schwerin,  from  whom  he 
separated  after  she  had  given  birth  to  the 
Prince  Frederick  Charles  Christian  al« 
ready  mentioned ;  and  secondly,  in  1815, 
Caroline  Amelia  of  Holstein-Sonderburg. 
Augustenburg,  who  is  now  his  Queen. 


The  Duke  of  Argyll. 

Oct.  21.  At  Inverary  castle,  ArgvU- 
shire,  in  his  72d  year,  the  Most  m>Dle 
George  William  Campbell,  sixth  Duke 
of  Argyll,  Marquis  of  Lorn  and  Kintyre, 
Earl  of  Campbell  and  Cowal,  Viscount 
of  Lochow  and  Glenilla,  and  Baron  of 
Lorn,  Inverary,  Mull,  Morven,  and  Tiry, 
in  the  peerage  of  Scotland  (1701) ;  thir- 
teenth Eari  of  Argyll  (1457) ;  Lord  of 
Lorn,  (1470),  and  Lord  Campbell  (1445); 
also  Baron  Sundridge,  of  Combe  Bank  in 
Kent  (1766),  and  Baron  Hamilton,  of 
Hameldon,  co.  Leicester  (1776),  in  the 
peerage  of  Great  Britain ;  a  Privy 
Councillor,  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal 
of  Scotland,  Heritable  Master  of  the 
Royal  Household  in  that  Kingdom, 
and  one  of  the  Keepers  of  its  Crown  and 
Regalia,  Keeper  of  Dunstaffnage  and 
Carrick  ;  Lord  Lieutenant,  Vice  Admiral 
of  the  Coast,  and  Hereditary  Sheriff*  of 
Argyllshire ;  Lord  Steward  of  her  Ma- 
jesty's Household,  and  an  Official  Trus- 
tee of  the  British  Museum. 

His  Grace  was  bom  in  London  on  the 
22d  Sept.  1768,  the  second  but  eldest 
surviving  son  of  John  the  fifth  Duke,  a 
Field  Marshal  in  the  army,  by  Elizabeth 
Duchess  dowager  of  Hamilton,  widow  of 
James  sixth  Duke  of  Hamilton,  and  se- 
cond daughter  of  John  Gunning,  esq. 

In  1790  he  was  returned  to  rarliament 
as  a  member  for  St.  German's  in  Corn- 
wall, being  then  Colonel  of  the  Argyll- 
shire regiment  of  Fencible  Infantry ;  but 
he  did  not  again  sit  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons after  the  dissolution  of  that  Parlia- 
ment in  1796.  On  the  death  of  his  ute- 
rine brother  Douglas  Duke  of  Hamilton, 
Aug.  2,  1799,  he  became  a  Peer  of  the 
realm  as  Baron  Hamilton  of  Hameldon 


\ 


1840.] 


Obituary. — ITie  Duke  of  Argyll, 


87 


(wliich    dignity  had  been  conferred  on 
tteir  mother) ;  and  he  succeeded  to  the 
iMtstnd  dignities  of  the  Campbells,  on 
the  death   of  his  father.  May  2^,  1806. 
He  wms  appointed  Vice- Admiral  of  the 
Wtitem  coasts  and  Islands  of  Scotland 
(ciuptiDg  the  shire   of    Bute  and  the 
klaada  of  Orkney  and  Shetland)  Feb.  9, 
1807.     Id  the  management  of  his  large 
calBtet,  his  Grace  was  liberal  and  beneti- 
eent.     The  expedient  of  expatriating  the 
native  tcnaDtry,  and  turning  their  pro- 
perty into  sheep-walks,  under  the  ma- 
asgeoient  of  strangers,  who  promised  very 
extended  rettts,  did  not  possess  his  kindly 
hearty  who  certainly  found  as  much  use 
for  an  increaitd  rental  as  any  proprietor. 
These  deplonble  proceedings  were  gene- 
nlly  conducted  by  interested  factors  and 
kwyers,  who  easily  persuaded  needy  lairds 
to  adopt  those  harsa  measures  of  eject- 
ment, which  caused  much  discontent  and 
sofRning.     One  of  those  officials  pressed 
the  Duke  to  sanction  the  removal  of  the 
inhabitants  of   the   island  of  Tiree,  a 
aoothem  sheep-farmer  offering  to  take  a 
lease  of  it,  at  a  great  increase  of  rent ; 
hnt  his  Grace,  with  a  feeling  which  did 
htm  high  credit,  replied  :  "No!  I  shall 
never  sanction  such  a  measure-,    if  the 
people  wish  to  remove,  they  are  at  liberty 
to  throw  up  their  possessions,  but  I  shall 
never  endeavour    to   expel    them — they 
raised  the  men  who  formed  the  company 
by  which  I  obtained  my  Captain*s  com- 
nussion,  and  their  attachment  deserves 
my  regard  and  protection." 


In  politics,  though  his  father  bad  sup- 
ported Mr.  Pitt,  his  Grace  from  an  early 
period  of  life  sided  with  the  Whig  party. 
He  voted  in  favour  of  the  Reform  of 
Parliament  bill,  on  the  decisive  dinsion, 
the  I4th  April  1832. 

He  succeeded  the  Marquess  Wellesley 
as  Lord  Steward  of  the  Household  in 
Sept.  13,  1833,  and  was  sworn  a  Privy 
Councillor ;  and  he  again  came  into  office 
on  the  restoration  of  the  present  Ministry 
in  April  18.35. 

His  Grace  married,  Nov.  29,  1810, 
Lady  Caroline  Elizabeth  Villiers,  daugh- 
ter of  George  fourth  Earl  of  Jersey, 
whose  former  marriage  with  the  Marquess 
of  Anglesey  (by  whom  she  had  a  nu- 
merous  family)  had  been  dissolved  by 
the  Scotch  courts.  The  Duchess  died 
without  issue  by  the  Duke  of  Argyll, 
June  16,  1835. 

The  dignities  of  the  family  have  de- 
volved on  the  late  Duke's  only  brother, 
Lord  John  Campbell,  who  has  been  three 
times  married ;  and  has  a  son  and  heir, 
John  Henry,  now  Marquess  of  Lorn, 
born  in  1821,  and  other  issue. 

The  body  of  the  deceased  Duke  lay  in 
state  at  Inverary  castle  on  Tuesday 
Nov.  8,  and  on  the  following  day  was  con- 
veyed by  a  steamer  to  Roseneath  castle, 
where  it  lay  in  state  as  on  the  preceding 
day,  in  the  principal  saloon.  On  Thurs- 
day morning  it  whs  placed  on  board  a 
steamer  to  be  conveyed  to  the  place  of  in- 
terment at  Kil-mun.*  Two  steamers  fol- 
lowed, having  on  board  a  party  of  High- 


•  "  The  attachment  to  places  of  sepulture  is  a  feeling  very  generally  diffused,  and 
from  the  savage  tribes  of  America  to  the  most  refined  and  exalted  of  Europeans  the 
natural  desire  that  the  corporeal  remains  should  repose  in  the  resting-place  of  ances- 
tral  generations,  is  strongly  evinced.  Much  heart-burning  and  litigation  has  been 
occasioned  by  inconsiderate  attempts  to  inclose  old  burial-grounds,  and  prevent  further 
interments.  It  was  deemed  a  mark  of  high  respect  to  offer  a  place  of  burial.  Se- 
veral instances  of  such  acts  of  friendship  have  occurred  in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland, 
the  memory  of  which  is  yet  retained  by  a  continued  use  of  the  privilege. 

'*  The  burial  place  of  the  illustrious  house  of  Argyle  is  in  the  parish  of  Dunoon. 
Its  name  is  Kil-Mun,  the  cell  of  St.  Mun.  Kil  here,  as  in  many  other  instances, 
was  the  saint's  place  of  sepulture:  hence  the  Highlanders  call  it  Sith-Mhun,  t.  e. 
the  resting-place  of  Mun  ;  and  the  bay  where  the  ruin  is  situated  bears  the  designa- 
tion  of  Seanta,  or  blessed.  Here  the  late  Argyle  was  gathered  to  his  forefathers. 
It  is  well  known  that  the  Campbells  raised  themselves  on  the  depression  of  the 
lesser  clans  in  their  neighbourhood;  and,  although  a  sense  of  resentment  for  injuries 
rankled  in  the  breasts  of  most  of  the  humbled  tribes,  yet  bonds  of  amity  were  inter. 
changed  with  several  of  them,  and  steady  friendship  long  subsisted  between  the 
superior  and  his  dependants.  The  Lamonts  fMac  Laomin)  were  powerful  in 
Argyle  previous  to  the  rise  of  the  Campbells,  ana  the  right  of  interment  at  Dunoon 
was  given  by  the  Chief  to  an  ancestor  oi  the  Earls  of  Argyle,  as  recorded  in  a  Gaelic 
inscription  over  the  entrance,  which  is  not  a  little  curious. 

**  *  Is  mise  Mac  Laominn  mctr  Chaoil,  gu  h-uile  a  thug  iasad  do  Bharon  duth 
Lochau,  de  uaigh  lie  shiolag  a  mhic  us  e'na  aire.' 

**  ^  I,  the  great  Mac  Lamon  of  all  Cowal«  did  lend  to  the  black  Baron  of  Lochow, 
a  grave  and  a  grave  stone  for  his  son,  when  be  himself  was  in  trouble.' 

**  If  this  scrap  is  worth  the  attention  of  Mr,  Urban,  its  appearance  in  his  pages 
will  (iBtify  hit  very  obedient  servanti        James  Logan." 


88 


0BiTUARY.«p»2%tf  Earl  (\f  KingBton\r^Lwd  Dufferin,    [Jan. 


landers,  about  fifty  in  number,  from  Islay, 
and  the  family  tenantry  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Inverary.  They  entered  Holy 
Loch  shortly  before  three  in  the  after- 
'  noon.  The  funeral  procession  was  then 
formed,  the  coffin  being  preceded  by 
nearly  one  hundred  of  the  principal  tenants 
of  Argyllshire,  and  a  domestic  carrying 
the  coronet  of  the  late  Duke  on  a  velvet 
cushion.  The  coffin  immediately  fol- 
lowed, carried  by  twelve  fine  Highlanders 
in  their  elegant  national  garb,  the  pall 
being  borne  by  the  Marquess  of  Lorn,' 
Marquess  of  Breadalbane,  Earl  of  Charle. 
viUiP,  Mr.  Campbell,  M.P.,  Lord  Tulla- 
more.  Lord  Arthur  Lennox,  Mr.  Camp- 
bell, jun.,.  Sir  William  Cumroing,  Sir 
Thomas  Dick  Lauder,  and  two  other 
gentlemen.     About  thirty  Highlanders 

fuarded  the  coffin  on  each  side.  The 
)uke  and  Duchess  of  Argyll,  >vith  their 
son  and  daughter,  Lord  and  Lady  Camp- 
bell, were  the  mourners,  the  funeral  pro- 
cession  being  closed  by  a  long  line  of  the 
gentry  and  tenantry  for  many  miles 
around.  The  coffin  was  deposited  beside 
that  of  the  late  Duchess  of  Argyll. 

"    The  Earl  of  Kingston. 
Oct,  18.    At  his  residence,  Hull  place, 
St.  John's  Wood,  Paddin^on,  aged  68, 
the  Right  Hon.  George  STing,  third  Earl 
of   Kingston,    co.   Roscommon  (1765), 
Viscount  Kingston  of  Kingsborough,  co. 
Sligo   (1766),  and  Baron    Kingston  of 
Rockingham,  co.  Roscommon  (17&1<),  all 
titles  in  the  peerage  of  Ireland ;   Baron 
Kingston    of  Mitchelstovvn,    co.    Cork 
(1821),  in  the   peerage    of   the   United 
.  Kingdom;    and  a    Baronet    of    Ireland 
'  (1682)  ;  a  Representative  Peer  of  Ireland, 
and  a  Commissioner  of  the  Irish  Fish- 
eries. 

The  late  Earl  of  Kingston  was  born 
at  Chelsea,  on  the  8th  of  April  1771,  the 
eldest  son  of  Robert  the  second  Earl, 
by  Caroline,  only  daughter  of  Richard 
Intz Gerald,  esq.  of  Mount  Ophaly,  co. 
Kildare,  by  the  Hon.  Margaret  King, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  James  Lord  King- 
ston, the  elder  branch  of  this  family.  He 
succeeded  his  father  in  the  peerage 
April  17,  1797,  and  was  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative Peer  of  Ireland  shortly  after 
the  Union.  He  was  created  a  Peer  of 
the  United  Kingdom  by  the  title  of 
Baron  Mitchelstown,  co.  Cork,  at  the 
coronation  of  King  George  the  Fourth. 

His  Lordship  married,  May  5,  1794, 
Lady  Helena  Moore,  only  daughter  of 
Stephen  first  Earl  of  Mountcasbel,  and 
aunt  to  the  present  Earl;  and  by  that 
lady,  who  survives  him,  he  had  issue  five 
sons  and  two  daughters :  1.  the  Right 
Hon.  Edward  Viscount  Kingsborough, 

11 


F.R.A.S.  to  whom  the  learned  world  is 
indebted  for  the  magnificent  work  on  the 
Antiquities  of  Mexico ;  he  died  unmar- 
ried on  the  27th  Feb.  1837  (see  our 
vol.  VII.  p.  537) ;  2.  the  Right  Hon. 
Robert  now  Earl  of  Kingston,  formerly 
M.P.  for  CO.  Cork;  he  was  born  in  1796, 
but  is  at  present  unmarried  ;  3  and  4. 
Geoi^e  and  George,  who  both  died  in- 
fants  ;  5.  the  Hon.  James  King,  a  barns- 
ter  at  law ;  6.  Lady  Helena  Mary,  married 
in  1829  to  Philip  Davies  Cooke,  esq.  of 
Owston,  CO.  York ;  and  7.  Lady  Ade- 
laide Charlotte,  married  in  1834  to  Charles 
Tankerville  Webber,  esq.  barrister  at  law. 

Lord  Dufferin  and  Claneboye. 

Nov,  18.  At  Ballyleidy  House,  Down- 
shire,  aged  81,  the  Right  Hon.  Hans 
Blackwood,  Baron  Dufferin  and  Clane- 
boye, of  Ballyleidy  and  Killvleigh,  co. 
Down  (1800),  and  the  fourth  Baronet 
(of  Ireland,  1763). 

His  Lordship  was  bom  in  Oct.  17a8, 
the  fourth  son  of  Sir  John  Black- 
wood,  Bart.  M.P.  for  Killyleigh  and 
Bangor,  by  Dorcas,  eldest  daughter 
and  coheiress  of  James  Stevenson,  of 
Killvleigh.  esq.  who,  after  her  husband's 
death,  was  created  Baroness  Dufferin  and 
Claneboye,  in  commemoration  of  her 
descent  from  the  family  of  Hamilton  Vis- 
count Claneboye  (afterwards  Earl  of 
Clanbrassil). 

He  succeeded  to  the  peerage  Aug.  8, 
1836,  on  the  death  of  his  brother  James, 
who  was  a  Representative  Peer  of  Ire- 
land (see  our  vol.  VI.  p.  425). 

His  Lordship  was  twice  married  :  first, 
on  the  19th  June  1784  to  Mehetabel 
Hester,  second  daughter  and  coheiress  of 
Robert  Temple,  esq.  (the  elder  brother 
of  Sir  John  Temple,  who  succeeded  to 
the  title  of  Baronet,  by  descent  from  the 
Temples  of  Stowe,  in  1786,)  by  whom  he 
hlid  one  daughter  and  three  sons:  1.  the 
Hon.  Henrietta,  married  in  1807  lo  Wil- 
liam Stewart  Hamilton,  of  Brown's  hall, 
CO.  Donegal,  esq.  eldest  son  of  John  Ha- 
milton, esq.  by  the  Hon.  Helen  Paken- 
ham,  sister  to  the  late  Duchess  of  Wel- 
lington ;  2.  Capt.  Robert  Temple  Black- 
wood, of  the  69th  foot,  who  was  killed 
at  Waterloo,  in  his  27th  year,  unmarried  ; 

3.  Hans,  who  also  died  unmarried ;  and 

4.  the  Right  Hon.  Price  now  Lord 
Dufferin  and  Claneboye,  a  Captain  in  the 
Rojral  Navy ;  he  was  born  in  1794,  and 
married  in  1825  Helen  Selina,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  Thomas  Sheridan, 
esq.  and  sister  to  Lady  Seymour  and  the 
Hon.  Mrs.  Fletcher  Norton,  but  has  no 
issue. 

The  late  Lord  Dufferin  hmviiig  lost  his 
first  wife  on  the  7th  Feb.  179B,  married 


1840.]  OsiTiTAmY.— JLorrf  G.  Beresford.-^Lietit.'  Gen.  Sir  H.  King.    89 


veondly,  July  8^  1801,  Elizabeth  eldest 
iMKfater  and  coheiress  of  William  Henry 
Fmoiy,  of  Gynnets,  co.  Meath,  esq.  and 
\ftbit  lady,  who  survives  him,  he  had 
iHoe  one  son  and  two  daughters — 5.  the 
fioB.  and  Rev.  William  Stear  Black- 
wood,  who  married  in  1832  Eliza, 
iamfcfgr  of  the  late  Robert  Hamilton,  of 
Clonaill^  eo.  Dublin,  esq.  but  we  believe 
kaa  no  iasne;  6.  the  Hon.  Marianne, 
in  1831  to  the  Yen.  Walter- 
Mant,  M.  A.  Archdeacon  of  Con- 
r»  eldeat  ton  of  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
]>o«m  and  Connor;  and  7.  the  Hon. 
Sopbla-Louita,  married  first  in  1832  to 
the  late  Hans  Hamilton,  esq.  who  died 
ia  1833,  and  secondly  in  1837  to  Alex- 
•ader  Grant,  esq.  of  the  Hon.  East 
ladift  Goiiipany*s  military  service  in  Ma- 


LfOKD  George  Beresforo. 

Od.  At  the  .palace,  Armagh,  aged 
57,  ^  Right  Hon.  Lord  George  Tho- 
■aa  Beresford,  a  Privy  Councillor,  Cus- 
toa  Rotulonim  of  the  county  of  Water- 
lord,  a  Lieut.- General  in  the  army,  Colo- 
nel of  the  3rd  Dragoons  and  of  the  Wa- 
tcrfiird  Militia,  and  G.C.H. ;  brother  to 
the  Lord  Archbishop  of  Armagh,  and 
ancle  to  the  Marquess  of  Waterford. 

He  was  bom  on  the  12th  Feb.  1781, 
te  fourth  son  of  George  the  first  Mar- 
aaeta  of  Waterford,  by  Elizabeth  only 
dangfater  and  heiress  of  Henry  Monck, 
esq.  of  Charierille,  by  Ladv  Isabella 
Bentinek,  second  daughter  of  Henry  first 
Doke  of  Portland.  His  Lordship  was 
appointed  a  Cornet  in  the  13th  light  dra- 
goons in  April  1794 ;  a  Lieutenant  in  the 
11 1th  in  July  following,  and  a  Captafn  in 
the  IMfh  in  September  of  the  same  year. 
He  exchanged  from  the  last  regiment  to 
the  88th  in  July  1796.  As  Captain  he 
served  two  years  and  eight  months  in  the 
East  Indies.  Lord  George  obtained  the 
Majority  of  the  6th  dragoon  guards  the 
ard  Dec.  1800;  the  Lieut.- Colonelcy  of 
DUIon's  regiment  the  24th  Sept.  1H03: 
he  was  removed  to  the  71st  regiment  in 
Aug.  180i»  and  to  the  2d  dragoon  guards 
the  30th  July  1807.  He  attained  the 
hrevet  of  Colonel  Jan.  1,  1812;  that  of 
Major  General  June  4,  1B14;  and  that 
of  Lieut.- General,  July  22,  1830. 

Lord  George  Beresford  was  first  re- 
tamed  to  Parliament  for  the  county  of 
IrfMidonderry  at  the  general  election  of 
180S;  he  was  rechosen  for  the  same  in 
1806  and  1807,  but  defeated  by  the  Hon. 
William  Ponsonby  in  1812,  when  he  was 
letumed  for  Coleraine.  In  1818,  and 
•gMn  in  1820,  he  was  elected  for  the 
ooonty  of  Waterford ;   was  defeated  by 

GtNT.  Mao.  Vol.  XHL 


Mr.  Henry  Villiers  Stuart  in   1826;  the 
numbers  being — 

Richard  Power,  esq.  .  1021 
H.  V.  Stewart,  esq.  .  937 
Lord  George  Beresford       4-58 

After  Mr.  Stuart's  retirement!  he  again 
sat  in  the  single- session  Parliament  of 
1830;  since  which  time  the  agitation  of 
O'Connell  has  been  sufficient  to  sur- 
mount entirely  the  formerly  preponderat- 
ing  influence  of  the  house  of  Beresford. 

Lord  George  was  appointed  Comptrol- 
ler of  the  Household  of  the  Prince  Re- 
gent August  12,  1813,  and  he  continued 
to  hold  that  office,  in  which  he  was  highly 
respected,  during  the  reign  of  Qeorge  the 
Fourth. 

His  Lordship  married  Nov.  22,  1808, 
Miss  Harriet  Schutz,  by  whom  he  had 
issue  four  daughters,  1.  Elisabeth- Har- 
riet Georgiana  ;  2.  Harriet-Susan-Isa- 
bellat  3.  Caroline-Susan. Catharine;  and 
4.  Rose- Georgiana,  who  is  deceased. 

His  body  was  interred  at  the  family 
burial-place  at  Clonegam,  co.  Waterford, 
on  the  4th  of  November.  The  Marquess, 
Lord  William,  and  Lord  John  Beresford ; 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Jones,  the  lord  primate's 
domestic  chaplain;  Dean  Lee;  Tlobert 
Uniacke,  John  Stephens,  Joseph  Mal- 
comson,  esqrs.  &c.  were  present. 

Lt.-Gen.  the  Hon.  Sir  H.  Kiko. 

Nov.  25.  Near  Winkfield,  Berkshire, 
the  Hon.  Sir  Henry  King,  K.C.B.  a 
Lieut.- General  in  the  army,  and  Colonel 
of  the  1st  West  India  regiment ;  younger 
brother  to  the  late  Earl  of  Kingston 
(whose  death  is  also  recorded  in  our  pre- 
sent number)  and  to  General  the  Viscount 
Lorton. 

He  was  appointed  Ensign  in  the  47th 
foot  on  the  7th  of  Feb.  1794,  and  Lieu- 
tenant  in   the  same  corps  the  2d  Sept. 

1795.  He  joined  the  regiment  at  New 
Providence,  and   served  there   till  Oct. 

1796,  and  afterwards  at  St.  Domingo  to 
Oct.  1798.     In  1799  he  was  employed  in 
the    Helder    expedition,     and    severely 
wounded  in  the  action  of  the  19th  Sept. 
He   was  appointed  Captain  in  the  56th 
foot  the  27th  of  Feb.  1796  ;  from  thence 
removed  to  the   1st  guards   the  21  st  of 
Dec.  1799,  and  to  the  43rd  foot  in  1802. 
The  24th   Aug.  1804  he  succeeded  to  a 
Majority  in  the  5th  foot,  in  which  he  was 
appointed  Lieut.-  Colonel  the  16th  of  Jan. 
1809.    He   was  wrecked  and  made  pri- 
soner of  war  on  his  way  to  Hanover  in 
1805.     He    subsequently    served    under 
Brig.-Gcn.  Crawfurd  in  South  America, 
and  commanded  in  the  attack  on  Buenos 
Ayres.     His  next  service  was  in  Portugal 
and  Spain  ;  he  was  present  at  the  battles 

N 


90 


Obituary. — Admiral  Sir  Peter  Halketl,  Bart. 


[Jan. 


of  Bn<;aco  and  Salamanca,  for  which  he 
had  the  honour  to  wear  a  medal  and  one 
clasp.  The  4-th  of  June  18 1 4  he  obtained 
the  rank  of  Colonel  in  the  array.  He 
was  appointed  Colonel  of  the  1st  West 
India  regiment,  July  19,  18*^;  and  at- 
tained the  rank  of  Major.  General  at  the 
Coronation  brevet  last  year. 

General  King  was  twice  married  ;  first, 
in  Jan.  1802  to  Mary,  eldest  daughter 
of  the  late  Hon.  and  Very  Rev.  John 
Hewitt,  Dean  of  Cloyne,  and  cousin  to 
Viscount  Lifford.  By  this  lady,  who 
died  in  1821,  be  bad  issue  four  daughters 
and  three  sons :  I .  Caroline,  married  in 
1827  to  John  Odell,  esq.;  2.  Louisa;  3. 
Henry ;  4.  Capt.  John  Wingfield  King, 
5th  foot,  who  married  in  1831  Alicia,  only 
daughter  of  Chidley  Coote,  esq.  and  has 
issue;  5.  Capt.  Edward  Roberts  King, 
36th  foot;  6.  Sidney-Jane,  married  in 
1835  to  Henry  Coe  Coape,  esq.  ;  and,  7. 
Alicia. 

Having  lost  his  first  wife  in  1821,  Sir 
Henry  married  secondly,  in  1832,  Eliza, 
beth,  widow  of  J.  Richardson,  esq.  and 
youngest  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Edward 
Philipps. 

Adm.  Sir  Petea  Halkett,  Bart. 

Oct,  7.  At  Pitferran,  co.  Fife,  aged 
74,  Sir  Peter  Halkett,  a  Baronet  of  Nova 
Scotia  (1697),  Admiral  of  the  Blue. 

Sir  Peter  was  the  second  son  of  Sir 
John  Halkett,  the  fourth  Baronet,  by  his 
second  wife  Mary,  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
John  Hamilton,  grand-uncle  of  the  pre- 
sent Earl  of  Haddington.  At  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war  with  France  in 
1793,  we  find  him  serving  as  Lieutenant 
of  the  Syren,  in  which  frigate  the  Duke 
of  York  proceeded  to  Holland  for  the 
purpose  of  taking  the  command  of  the 
British  troops  sent  thither  to  co-operate 
with  the  Dutch  against  the  republican 
armies  ;  and  bis  Royal  Highness  was  so 
much  pleased  with  the  zeal  and  activity 
displayed  by  Mr.  Halkett  in  assisting  the 
garrison  of  Williamstadt,  at  that  time 
besieged  by  the  PVench.  that  be  soon  af- 
ter obtained  for  him  the  rank  of  Com- 
mander ;  and  on  his  return  from  the  Con- 
tinent, that  of  Post-  Captain.  The  Prince 
of  Orange  also,  as  a  mark  of  the  high 
sense  he  entertained  of  the  eminent  ser- 
vices  performed  by  him  in  the  gun-boats, 
ordered  him  to  be  presented  with  a  me- 
dal, with  a  suitable  inscription,  value  500 
guilders. 

Capt.  Halkett*s  post  commission  bore 
date  Aug.  13,  1794;  be  was  soon  after 
appointed  to  the  Circe,  of  28  guns,  sta- 
tioned in  the  North  Sea ;  where  nothing 
material  occurred  until  the  alarming  mu- 


tiny  in  Adm.  Duncan's  fieot  (and  at  the 
Nore),  in  the  spring  of  1797,  when  the 
Circe  happily  oscapod  the  contagion, 
and  Capt.  Halkett  received  the  thanks  of 
the  Admiralty,  and  the  freedom  of  the 
town  of  Hull,  for  the  conduct  of  his  ship 
during  that  alarming  period. 

Eariy  in  Oct.  1797,  the  Circe  formed 
part  of  the  squadron  left  off  the  Texel 
under  Sir  Henry  Trollope,  to  watch  the 
Dutch  fleet;  and  at  thebattJe  of  Camper- 
down,  on  the  1 1th  of  that  month,  she  was 
one  of  Adm.  Duncan's  repeaters. 

Capt.  Halkett's  next  appointment  was 
to  the  Apollo,  a  fine  frigate,  in  which  he 
had  the  misfortune  to  be  wrecked,  Jan.  7, 
1799,  on  the  Haak  Sands^  while  in  chase 
of  a  Dutch  ship.  The  crew  were  saved 
by  a  Prussian  vessel  that  went  down  to 
their  assistance.  On  the  15th  Capt. 
Halkett  was  tried  by  a  (^urt  Martial 
for  the  loss  of  the  Apollo  ;  and,  nothing 
appearing  to  criminate  him  in  the  least, 
a  verdict  of  acquittal  was  pronounced, 
but  the  pilot  was  dismissed  from  the 
King's  service. 

In  the  course  of  the  same  year,  he  ob- 
tained the  command  of  a  new  frigate  of 
the  same  name,  in  which  he  was  sent  as 
convoy  to  the  outward-bound  West  India 
fleet.  On  his  passage  he  captured  the 
Aquila,  of  4  guns,  pierced  for  22,  with  a 
valuable  cargo  from  Buenos  Ayres,  bound 
to  Corunna.  During  his  stay  on  the  Ja. 
maica  station,  he  also  took  the  following 
vessels  :  Cantabrian,  Spanish  corvette,  of 
18  guns  and  100  men,  with  a  cargo,  off 
the  Havannah ;  Resolution  (formerly  a 
British  cutter),  18  guns,  and  149  men ; 
and  Vigilante,  French  privateer,  of  14 
guns,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

The  A})ollo  arrived  at  Portsmouth, 
March  12.  1802.  Cant.  Halkett  subse- 
quently commanded  the  Ganges,  of  74 
gims;  and  on  the  12th  Aug.  1812  was 
advanced  to  the  rank  of  Rear- Admiral. 
In  1815  his  fla(;  was  flying  on  board  the 
Gladiator,  in  Portsmouth  harbour.  He 
attained  the  rank  of  Vice- Admiral  in 
1821,  and  that  of  Admiral  in  18.'i7. 

On  the  death  of  his  brother  Sir  Charles 
Halkett,  Jan. 26, 1837,  he  succeeded  to  the 
title  of  Baronet.  At  that  period  he  was 
holding  the  command  of  the  North  Amc- 
rican  station. 

He  married  Oct.  14,  1802,  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  William  Tod,  of  London, 
esq.  Mrs.  Halkett  died  at  Clifton  in 
1814.  Their  son,  now  Sir  John  Halkett, 
Bart,  is  married,  and  has  issue. 


Major-Gcn.  Sir  F.  H.  Doyle,  Bart. 

Nov.  6.     In    Wimpole-street,   in  his 

57th  year.  Sir  Francis  Hastings  Doyle, 


\ 


1840.]       Obituary. — Major-Gen.  Doi/le.-^ Major-Gen,  Maclean*      91 


But.  m  Major-General  in  the  army,  De- 
psty  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower  of  London, 
aod  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Excise. 

Sir  Francis  was  bom  Jan.  3,  1783,  the 
eUest  son  of  Major.  Gen.  Welbore  Ellis 
Doj\e^  Colonel  of  the  53d  foot,  the 
jounger  brother  of  the  late  Gen.  Sir  John 
bojle,  Bart.  G.C.B.  who  died  in  1834. 
He  WBS  appointed  Captain  in  the  106th 
fool.  Not.  1,  17^  removed  to  the  2d 
orriaon  battalion  Feb.  1805;  became 
Maior  by  brevet  Jan.  1805,  Lieut. -Col. 
Jan.  1,  1812,  and  Major- General  at  the 
kst  Coronation  brevet.  He  was  created 
a  Baronet  by  patent  dated  18th  Feb.  1828. 

He  married  June  2,  1804',  Diana-Eli- 
abeCb,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  William 
Mordaunt  Milner,  of  Nun  Applet  on,  co. 
York,  Bart. ;  and  by  that  lady,  who  died 
Jan.  14,  1828,  he  had  issue,  one  son  and 
fiBW  daufffaters.  The  former,  now  Sir 
Francis  Hastings  Charles  Doyle,  Bart, 
was  bom  in  1810.  The  daughters  are, 
1.  Diana  -  Emma  -  Flora ;  2.  Frances- 
Mary;  3.  Emily. Josephine,  married  in 
183&  to  William  Leveson  Gower,  esq.  of 
Titsey  Place,  Surrey;  and  4'.  Selina. 

Major-Gen.  Sib  Joseph  Maclean. 

SevL  19.  At  the  Royal  Arsenal, 
Woolwich,  Major- General  Sir  Joseph 
Maclean,  K.C.H.  and  C  B.  Director- 
gCDcral  of  the  Field  train  of  the  Artillery 
department,  and  Inspector-general  of  the 
finaa-foundry  establishment  in  the  Ar- 
•cnal. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Allan 
3laclean,  Ksq.  for  many  years  Secretary 
to  the  Commissioners  of  Accounts  and 
to  the  Board  of  Customs  in  Ireland,  by 
Ida  first  wife  Miss  Attwood  (see  the 
History  of  the  Clan  Maclean,  8vo,  1838, 
p.  289). 

He  entered  the  Royal  Military  Aca- 
demy mt  Woolwich  in  1779,  and  obtained 
bis  commission  of  Second  Lieutenant 
in  the  Royal  regiment  of  artillery  in  the 
Tear  1781.  He  served  alternately  at 
Dome  and  abroad  until  1790,  when  he 
obtained  the  rank  of  First  Lieut.  On 
ibe  appointment  of  the  first  two  troops  of 
hone  artillery,  he  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  First  Lieutenant  to  the  senior 
troop ;  and,  by  the  special  request  of 
the  Prince  of  Wales,  was  appointed  to 
tbe  command  of  a  detachment  of  light 
artillery  at  Brighton.  Ever  after  this 
period  he  had  tbe  honour  to  enjoy  marked 
attention  from  his  Royal  HighncsH.  In 
1794  be  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Captain,  and  subsequently  served  on  the 
Staff  of  the  eastern  district  as  Aide-de- 
camp  to  tbe  late  Gen.  Marquess  Towns- 
bend.  In  the  expedition  to  the  Helder 
be  lenred  as  Aide-de-camp  to  G«u.  Fur* 


rington,  commanding  the  artillery;  and 
he  subsequently  served  in  that  capacity 
with  the  army  under  the  command  of  his 
Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  York,  until 
his  Royal  Highness's  return  to  England, 
when  the  ship  in  which  he  was  in  passage 
was  wrecked,  and  very  nearly  lost,  in  the 
Yarmouth  Roads. 

In  1800  he  was  elected  member  of  the 
Irish  Parliament,  and  was  appointed  at 
the  same  time  Brigade- Major  to  the  ar- 
tillery serving  in  Ireland,  in  order  that  the 
Government  might  avail  itself  of  his  ex- 
perience in  the  measure  of  incorporating 
the  Irish  with  the  British  artillery  on  the 
Union  of  the  Kingdoms.  He  continued 
in  Ireland,  having  previously  obtained  the 
respective  promotions  of  Major  and 
Lieut.- Colonel,  until  the  year  1812,  when 
he  was  further  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Assistant  Adjutant-general,  which  he 
held  until  I82I ;  when,  on  being  ap- 
pointed Chief  Fire-master  to  the  Royal 
Laboratory,  he  removed  to  Woolwich. 
In  1814  he  obtained  the  rank  of  Colonel. 
In  1825  he  became  Major- General,  and 
in  1832  was  appointed  to  tbe  command 
of  the  Royal  Artillery  in  Ireland.  While 
in  Ireland  he  twice  officiated  as  Com- 
mander of  the  army  there,  during  the 
temponiry  absence  of  tbe  Commander-in- 
chief,  to  whom  he  was  next  in  seniority. 
He  removed  from  Ireland  in  May  1834, 
on  being  nominated  to  the  command  of 
the  royul  artillery  at  the  head  quarters 
of  the  corps :  and  on  tbe  melancholy 
death  of  the  late  Lt.-Gen.  Millar  he 
succeeded  to  tbe  lucrative  and  scien- 
tific post  of  Director-general  of  the 
field  train  department  of  the  royal  ar- 
tillery, and  Inspector-general  of  the  brass- 
foundry  establishment. 

When  (general  Maclean  assumed  the 
command  of  the  artillery  at  Woolwich, 
his  Majesty  William  IV.  was  graciously 
pleased  to  confer  upon  him  the  honour  of 
knighthood,  with  the  insignia  of  a  Knieht 
Commander  of  the  Royal  Guelpbic 
Order. 

Sir  Joseph  Maclean  married,  in  1797, 
Charlotte,  youngest  daughter  of  Lieut- 
Gen.  Sir  William  Congreve,  Bart,  and 
sister  to  the  late  Sir  William  Congreve, 
the  celebrated  inventor  of  the  rocket 
system ;  by  whom  he  had  issue  fourteen 
children,  of  whom  two  sons  and  four 
daughters  survive,  1.  Allan,  2,  William - 
Congreve,  3.  Margaret,  4.  Julia,  5.  Anne, 
and  6.  Caroline. 

The  funeral  of  Sir  Joseph  Maclean 
took  place  at  Chariton  on  tbe  26th  Sept. 
The  hearse  was  followed  by  three  mount- 
ing coaches,  containing  the  Commandant 
of  the  Garrison,  General  Lord  Bloom- 
field,  G.C.B.,  G.C.U.;  Major.Ucoerat 


92    Mqfof^Gcn*  Sir  Wk  Blackbumeti^tUar'Adm.  Sir  S.  Warren.  [Jan. 


Peter  Fyers,  C.B^  R.A.;  Sir  Alexander 
Dickson,  K.C.B.,  K.C.H. ;  Deputy 
Adjutant-general  Sir  John  May,  K.C.B., 
K.C.H.  ;  Colonel  Cleaveland,  C.B., 
Royal  Horse  brigade;  Col.  Jones,  De- 
puty Assistant  Adjutant-general ;  Col. 
jBastard,  and  others,  fellow  companions 
in  the  *'  battle  field.**  The  body  was  de- 
posited in  a  family  vault,  which  the  ge- 
neral had  prepared  many  years  ago. 

Major- Gen.  Sib  W.  Blackburne. 
Oct.  16.     At  his  house  in    Portland 

f»lace,  aged  75,  Major- General  Sir  Wil- 
iam  Blackburne,  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany's Madras  establishment. 

Sir  W.  Blackburne  was  appointed  a 
cadet  in  1782 ;  he  arrived  at  Madras  in 
June  1783,  and  joined  the  24th  battalion 
of  sepoys  serving  in  the  southern  army, 
under  the  command  of  Lieut. -Col.  Ful- 
lerton.  On  the  reduction  of  the  army 
which  took  place  in  1786,  he  was  removed 
to  the  Ist  battalion  of  sepoys  in  garrison 
of  Tanjore,  where  he  applied  himself  to 
the  study  of  the  Mahratta  language,  and 
in  consequence  was  appointed  Mahratta 
interpreter  by  Sir  A.  Campbell. 

In  1793  he  visited  England  on  account 
of  ill  health ;  but  after  his  return  he  was 
in  1798  re-appointed  to  his  office  of  inter- 
preter,  and  was  commissioned  to  settle  a 
serious  dispute  between  the  Rajah  of 
Tanjore  and  a  large  body  of  the  native 
officers,  which  he  effected  to  the  entire 
satisfaction  of  the  government. 

In  1801  he  was  appointed  Resident  at 
Tanjore,  and  gave  the  first  intimation  of 
the  impending  insurrection  of  the  Mur- 
doos  ;  on  this  occasion  he  took  the  field 
unauthorized,  with  the  Rajah's  troops,  his 
own  escort,  and  the  irregulars  raised  by 
the  collector  ;  and  repelled  the  invasions 
of  Tanjore  by  the  Poligars,  and  recover- 
ed the  province  of  Ramnad.  His  ser- 
vices were  highly  approved  by  the  autho- 
rities  at  Madras  and  Calcutta,  and  by  the 
Court  of  Directors.    . 

In  180i,  having  discovered  a  system  of 
fraud  and  embezzlement  in  the  revenue 
department,  he  charged  the  whole  of  the 
collector's  servants,  and  every  Mirasdar  in 
the  province,  with  being  concerned  in  it ; 
proved  his  charges,  and  received  the 
thanks  of  government.  The  amount 
embezzled  was  three  lacs  of  pagodas,  of 
which  one  lac  and  twenty  thousand  were 
actually  recovered. 

In  1808-9,  he  was  entrusted  by  govern- 
ment with  a  commission  to  endeavour  to 
reconcile  the  misunderstandings  which 
then  prevailed  in  Travancore,  but  he  was 
prevented  from  acting,  by  the  breaking 
out  of  the  insurrection  while  he  was 
upon  his  jouiney  to  that  province.    On 


the  termination  of  the  insurrection,  be 
was  again  ordered  to  Travancore,  to  re- 
ceive charge  of  the  Residency  from  Col. 
Macauley ;  but,  that  officer  having  with- 
drawn his  resignation,  he  was  employed 
as  a  Commissioner  to  investigate  cnarges 
of  abuses  in  the  factory  at  Aujengo.  He 
had  the  entire  management  of  the  dis- 
trict of  Poodoocottah  for  a  period  of 
twelve  years,  during  the  minority  of  the 
Rajah  Tondiman  Bebauder,  &nd  by  the 
manner  in  which  he  executed  this  trust, 
he  secured  the  affectionate  gratitude  of 
the  young  chief.  But  the  value  of  Col. 
Blackburne's  services  is  not  to  be  esti- 
mated merely  by  the  particular  duties  on  ' 
which  he  was  employed,  but  by  the  whole 
tenor  of  his  public  life.  During  the  long 
course  of  twenty-two  years,  that  he  was 
Resident  at  Tanjore,  his  judicious,  tem- 
perate, and  upright  conduct,  secured  the 
confidence  of  the  different  branches  of 
the  royal  family,  and  tended  mainly  to 
attach  the  great  body  of  the  Rajah's  fol- 
lowers, and  of  the  people,  to  our  govern- 
ment, and  to  impress  them  with  respect 
for  the  national  character. 

The  foregoing  particulars  have  been 
principally  quoted  from  the  Minutes  of 
Council  of  Madras,  signed  by  Sir  Tho- 
mas Munro,  on  Sir  William  Blackburne's 
return  to  £ngland  in  1823;  but  a  full 
memoir  of  his  services,  with  documents, 
will  be  found  in  the  East  India  Military 
Calendar,  vol.  iii.  (4to,  1826)  pp.  42—66. 

His  will,  dated  on  the  18th  June  last, 
has  been  proved  in  the  Prerogative  Court 
of  Canterbury,  by  his  brother,  ■ 
Blackburne,  esq.  and  the  amount  of  pro- 
perty has  been  sworn  under  46,000/.  the 
principal  part  of  which  has  been  be- 
queathed to  his  widow.  Amongst  the 
different  bequests,  however,  is  one  of 
1000/.  which  is  in  the  following  words: — 
*'  I  bequeath  to  Lord  Glenelg,  late  se- 
cretary of  the  colonies,  1 ,000/.  as  a  mark 
of  my  high  respect  for  his  public  conduct 
in  the  East  India  colonial  department." 

Rear-Adm.  Sir  Samuel  Warren. 

Oct.  15.  At  Southampton,  aged  70, 
Sir  Samuel  Warren,  Rear- Admiral  of  the 
White,  Knt.,  C.B.  and  K.C.H. 

This  officer  was  born  at  Sandwich, 
Jan.  9,  1769.  He  entered  the  naval  ser- 
vice in  Jan.  1782  ;  and  served  as  a  Mid- 
shipman on  board  the  Sampson  64,  Busy 
cutter,  Druid  frigate.  Colossus  74,  Lon- 
don 98,  and  Royal  Sovereign  of  100  guns. 
The  former  ship  was  commanded  by  the 
late  Capt.  John  Harvey,  and  formed  part 
of  the  lleet  under  Lord  Howe  at  the  re- 
lief of  Gibraltar,  and  in  the  subsequent 
action  with  the  comteued  forces  off  Cape 
SpwteL 


1840.]    OniTVAMY.^HMr.Adm.  Sir  S.  fVarren.^Sir  A.  Hatliday.    93 

ing  the  English  colours,  succeeded  in  se- 
curing the  persons  of  Gen.  Jamelle,  Com- 
mander-in-chief of  the  enemy's  troops, 
M.Knotze,  Aide-de-camp  to  the  Governor 
of  Java,  and  M.  Rigaud,  an  officer  of  in- 
fantry, who  had  nearly  effected  their 
escape.  He  afterwards  commanded  in 
succession  the  Blenheim  and  Bulwark, 
third  rates,  and  Seringapatam  of  46  guns. 
The  latter  ship  conveyed  Sir  Benj. 
Bloomfield  as  Ambassador  to  Stockholm 
in  the  summer  of  1823 ;  and  was  paid  off 
at  Portsmouth,  Feb.  5,  1824f.  Previously 
to  their  separation,  her  officers  ^ve  Capt. 
Warren  a  sumptuous  farewell  dinner,  and 
presented  him  with  a  gold  snuff  box, 
value  30  guineas,  as  a  token  of  their  at- 
tachment and  respect.  In  1831  he  was 
Commodore  in  the  Thames,  and  became 
a  Rear- Admiral  in  1837.  He  was  no- 
minated a  Companion  of  the  Bath  in 
1815,  and  received  the  honour  of  knight- 
hood Aug.  5,  1835. 

Sir  Samuel  Warren  married,  in  Dec. 
1800,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Barton,  Clerk  of 
the  Cheque  at  Chatham,  and  by  that 
lady  he  had  seven  children. 


Jfe.  Warren  obtuntd  the  rank  of  Lieu- 
tenant, Vo^.  3;  1790;  and  served  as  such 
aaeeeaaiTely  in  the  Argo  of  44  guns,  Ra- 
■UUca  74,  and  Royal  George,  a  first 
rate.  The  Hamillies  bore  a  part  in  the 
hnttles  of  May  29  and  June  1,  1794. 
The  Royal  George  bore  the  flag  of  Lord 
Bridport  in  the  action  off  TOrient  June 
S3, 1795. 

Lieat.  Warren  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Commander  in  March  1797 ;  and 
from  tliat  period  to  July  1800,  he  com- 
mended the  Scourge  sloop  of  war  at  the 
Leeward  Islands,  on  which  station  he 
captnred  several  large  privateers  and  mer- 
eluuitnaen.  Previously  to  his  return  home 
be  received  the  thanks  of  the  Council  and 
Assembly  of  Tobago,  for  the  preat  at- 
tention  he  had  paid  to  their  mterests, 
whilst  employed  in  the  protection  of  the 
trade  of  that  island.  The  Scourge  ar- 
rived in  England  Aug.  22,  1800. 

Capt.  Warren's  next  appointment  was 
to  the  Vesuvius  bomb,  fitting  at  Ports- 
mouth. His  post  commission  bore  date 
April  29,  1802. 

In  the  summer  of  1805  he  was  selected 
by  Rear-Admiral  Domett  to  serve  as  bis 
Flag* Captain  in  the  Channel  fleet;  but 
ill    iiealtn  preventing  that  officer   from 
going  to  sea  at  that  period,  the  Glory  of 
96  guns,  which  had  been  fitted  for  his  re- 
ception, was  ordered  to  receive  the  flag  of 
Rear-Admiral  Stirling,  under  whom  Cap- 
tain  Warren  served  in  the  action  between 
Sir  Robert  Calder  and  M.  Villcneuve,  on 
22d  July  in  the  same  year.     In  the  en- 
suing year,    Capt.   Warren  accompanied 
Rear.Adm.    Stirling   to  the    Hio  de  la 
Plata,  as  a  passenger,  on  board  the  Samp- 
son &4;    and  on  his  arrival  off  Maldo- 
nado,  be  assumed  the  command  of  that 
officer's  flag-ship,  the  Diadem,  of  similar 
force.     His  services  during  the  siege  of 
Monte   Video,   on   which    occasion    the 
Dimdem  was  frequently  left  with  only  30 
men  on  board,  were  duly  acknowledged 
in  the  naval  and  military  despatches  an- 
nouncing the  capture  of  that  fortress. 

Some  time  after  his  return  from  South 
America,  Capt.  Warren  was  appointed 
to  the  Bellerophon  74,  bearing  the  flag  of 
Rear-Adm.  Lord  Gardner,  in  the  North 
Sea.  He  was  very  actively  employed  on 
the  Baltic  station  under  the  orders  of  Sir 
Jamea  Saumarez. 

His  next  appointment  was  about  Sept. 
1810^  to  the  President  frigate,  in  which 
be  assisted  at  the  reduction  of  Java  and 
its  dependencies  by  the  military  and  naval 
forces  under  Sir  Samuel  Auchmuty  and 
Rear-Admiral  Stopford.  Whilst  on  that 
service  he  was  sent  to  the  fort  of  Cheri- 
bon  with  a  flag  of  truce,  to  demand  the 
•acrendec  of  ttat  place  i  aody  after  hoist- 


SiK  Andrew  Halliday,  M.D. 

Sept.  7.  At  Dumfries,  Sir  Andrew 
Halliday,  K.H.,  M.D.,  F.R.S.  Edinb. 
and  Gottingen. 

He  had  not  long  survived  the  wasting 
climate  of  the  West  Indies,  where  he  was 
inspector  of  hospitals.  He  retired  to  the 
ail  of  his  native  country  ;  but  it  was  only 
to  droop  and  die.  His  life  from  his  youtn 
up  was  one  of  action.  He  was  educated 
for  the  church ;  but  afterwards  changed 
that  profession  for  physic.  After  travel- 
ling through  Russia  and  Tartary,  he  set- 
tled at  Halesworth,  near  Birmingham, 
where  he  for  some  time  pursued  his  prac- 
tice. He  afterwards  served  on  the  staflf 
of  the  army,  both  in  Portugal  and  Spain ; 
was  at  the  assault  of  ficrgen-op-Zoom, 
and  at  the  battle  of  Waterloo ;  and  ac- 
companied William  IV.  when  Duke  of 
Clarence,  in  his  journeys  abroad  in  quest 
of  health,  in  his  professional  capacity. 
He  was  a  good  scholar  as  well  as  a  skilful 
physician,  and  his  varied  and  almost  gc 
neral  intelligence  obtained  him  high  es- 
teem with  princes  abroad  as  well  as  at 
home.  Like  his  dalesman,  Telford  the 
engineer,  whom  he  knew  and  loved,  he 
was  of  humble  parentage,  though  of  good 
and  ancient  blood,  for  he  came  from  that 
brave  "  Thorn  Halliday,  my  sister*s  son 
so  dear,"  as  he  was  called  by  the  re- 
nowned Sir  William  Wallace.  He  knew 
most  of  the  episcopal  history  of  Scotland, 
and  was  familiar  with  his  country's  anti- 
quities ;  he  knew  as  much  of  the  poetry 
and  traditions  of  the  land  aa  if  they  bad 


04 


Colonel  Webb,^^Charles  Hope  Maclean,  £Jsq. 


[Jan. 


been  the  study  of  his  life.  He  had  skill 
as  well  as  taste  in  literature  and  in  na- 
tural philosophy,  as  his  •'  History  pf  the 
House  of  Hanover,"  and  his  "  West  In- 
dies," sufficiently  prove.  He  had  col- 
lected materials  for  writing  an  account  of 
the  chief  campaigns  of  Wellington,  which 
he  had  witnessed.  He  loved  ingenious 
men;  he  was  ever  ready  to  do  a  good 
deed  or  speak  a  kind  word  ;  and  such  was 
his  generous  nature,  that,  though  he  met 
with  a  base  return  to-day,  he  was  ready 
to  befriend  the  meritorious  to-morrow. 
He  took  so  much  care  in  helping  others 
on  in  their  fortune,  that  we  fear  he  neg- 
lected his  own;  his  half-pay  at  home 
was  not  large,  and  Portugal,  we  have 
heard,  stopped  his  well-merited  annuity, 
serving  him  as  she  served  her  other  bene- 
factors. We  hope  this  country  will  re- 
member that  his  lady  survives  him. 

To  this  memorial,  chiefly  taken  from 
the  Literaiy  Gazette,  we  have  merely  to 
add  a  list  of  Sir  Andrew  Halliday's  works, 
and  to  record  that  he  was  an  occasional 
correspondent  of  our  Magazine,  particu- 
larly in  its  present  department. 

Observations  on  Lmphysema,  or  the 
disease  which  arises  from  the  diffusion  of 
air  into  the  cavity  of  the  thorax.  1807, 
8vo. 

Remarks  on  the  present  state  of  the 
Lunatic  Asylums  in  Ireland.    1808,  8vo. 

Observations  on  the  Fifth  Report  of 
the  Commissioners  of  Military  Inquiry. 
1809,  8vo. 

Observations  on  the  present  state  of 
the  Portuguese  Army.  "ito.  1811.  Se- 
cond edition,  with  additions,  1812, 8vo. 

Translation  of  Professor  Franck's  Ex- 
position of  the  Causes  of  Diseases.  1813, 
8vo. 

Memoir  of  the  Campaign  of  1815. 
4to.  Paris,  1816. 

A  History  of  the  House  of  Brunswick 
and  Lunenburg  (from  materials  partly 
collected  by  the  Rev.  George  GUndell, 
A.M.  Chaplain -general  to  the  Hanoverian 
army).  4to.  1820. 

Annals  of  the  House  of  Hanover. 
2  vols,  royal  8V0.182G.  This  is  a  well 
arranged  and  judicious  work. 

An  excellent  work  on  the  West  In- 
dies. 


Colonel  Webb. 

Sept.  18.  At  New  York,  Edward 
Webb,  esq.  of  Adwell,  near  Tetsworlb, 
Gloucestershire. 

Colonel  Webb  was  formerly  represen- 
tative of  the  city  of  Gloucester  in  Ptir- 
liameut,  having  been  elected  on  a  vacancy 
in  1816,  and  rechosen  until  the  election  of 
1831.  The  Colonel,  accompanied  by  his 
daughter,  Miss  Webb,  left  this  country  a 


few  months  ago,  for  the  purpose  of  tra- 
velling through  the  United  States;  on 
reaching  the  t  alls  of  Niagara  he  was  taken 
exceedingly  ill,  and  his  physician  advised 
his  immediate  removal  to  his  native  coun- 
try ;  subsequently,  on  reaching  New 
York,  the  symptoms  appeared  more 
alarming,  which  in  a  few  hours  termi- 
nated his  existence.  His  physical  powers 
were  so  weakened  by  excessive  sea-sick- 
ness, that  he  could  not  again  rally. 

Few  persons  were  more  highly  esteem- 
ed, or  enjoyed  greater  confidence  than 
the  lamented  gentleman,  in  both  public 
and  private  life;  inflexible  in  principle, 
and  zealously  alive  to  the  interests  of  his 
constituents  and  the  welfare  of  his  coun- 
try, none  will  be  more  deeply  regretted 
or  longer  respected  in  the  memories  of 
the  citizens  of  Gloucester. 

He  married  July  27,  1807,  Jane-Mary. 
Catharine,  third  and  youngest  daughter  of 
Sir  John  Guise,  of  Highnam,  co.  Glou- 
cester,  Bart,  and  sister  to  the  present 
Gen.  Sir  John  Guise,  Bart.  He  was 
left  a  widower  in  1814. 

His  body  was  brought  to  England,  and 
the  funeral  took  place  at  Elmore,  on  the 
21st  of  October.  A  numerous  assemblage 
of  most  of  the  respectable  citizens  of 
Gloucester,  clad  in  deep  mourning,  met 
the  procession  about  a  mile  from  the 
city,  and  attended  it  on  its  wav  to  the 
family  sepulchre  at  Elmore.  1  be  bells 
of  the  different  churches  were  tolled  all 
the  morning,  and  nearly  all  the  shops 
were  partially  closed. 

Charles  Hope  Maclean,  Esq. 

Aug,  U.  At  Wilton-crescent,  Charles 
Hope  Macliean,  esq.  barrister-at-law. 

He  was  the  seventh  and  third  surviving 
son  of  Alexander  13th  laird  of  Ardgour, 
by  Lady  Margaret  Hope,  daughter  of 
John  second  Earl  of  Hopetoun,  by  Lady 
Elizabeth  Leslie,  daughter  of  Alexander 
5th  Earl  of  Leven  and  Melville.  Mr. 
Maclean  was  M.A.  of  Balliol  college, 
Oxford ;  and  was  called  to  the  bar  at  the 
Middle  Temple,  July  3,  1829.  He  prac- 
tised in  the  Home  Circuit  and  Surrey 
Sessions ;  and  he  was  one  of  the  Secre- 
taries of  the  Statistical  Society. 

From  the  History  of  the  Clan  Maclean, 
pubiibhed  in  1838,  we  make  the  following 
extract  relative  to  this  amiable  gentleman  : 

**  I  know  I  should  receive  little  thanks 
at  his  hands  were  I  to  speak  those  senti- 
ments which  my  feelings  of  esteem  for 
him  would  dictate.  Where  he  is  known, 
any  panegyric  from  my  pen  is  uncalled 
for ;  btill  it  is  no  less  due  to  him  than  it 
becomes  the  duty  of  the  author,  that  a 
space  in  the  Hittory  qf  the  Cian  Maclean 
should  be  devoted  at  least  to  express  the 


X 


/■ 


1840.]    Obitv AKY.-^Thofnas  Schutz,  Esq.^Rev.  IF,  R.  Hat/y  MA.   95 


in€a<;ure  of  gratitude  which  is  so  justly 
doe  to  one  whose  disinterested  and  kind 
encouragement  has  been  the  principal 
means  of  bringing  the  work  into  exist- 


ence. 


**  In  person  Charles  Hope  (of  Ardgour) 
is  above  the  middle  size,  and  of  a  very 
manly  appearance  ;  and  did  he  live  in  the 
days  of  Sir  Lachlan  M6r,  or  Sir  Hector 
of  Inverkeithing,  I  make  no  doubt  the 
dajmore  would  have  found  more  active 
emplojrment  than  the  pen,  in  bis  grasp. 
His  manner  is  kind,  affable,  and  candid, 
and  greatly  calculated  to  command  respect 
and  confidence.  In  conversation  he  is  an 
attentive  listener,  and  particularly  quick 
of  apprehension,  which  I  should  take  to 
be  important  requisites  to  one  in  the 
profession  which  he  pursues.  Altogether 
■is  friendly,  warm,  and  generous  disposi- 
tion  enables  me  to  add  that  I  know  of  no 
one  bearing  tne  name  of  Maclean,  whose 
manner,  on  a  short  acquaintance,  is  more 
calculated  to  command  esteem  and  pre- 
possess one  in  his  favour,  than  Charles 
Hope,  Ardgour.'* 

Mr.  Hope  married  in  Aug.  1836,  Ca- 
roline-Elizabeth, youngest  daughter  of 
tbe  late  Charles  Beckford  Long,  esq. 
and  had  issue  a  daughter,  Elizabeth,  born 
15th  Sept.  1837. 

Thomas  Schutz,  Esq. 

Dte.  7.  At  Shotover  House,  Oxford- 
shire, after  a  few  days*  illness,  in  his  80th 
year,  Thomas  Schutz,  esq.  for  many 
jrears  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  that  county. 

Mr.  Schutz  was  also  a  Baron  of  the 
Holy  Roman  Empire,  by  the  title  of 
Baron  Sinolt,  otherwise  Schutz,  and  the 
last  male  branch  of  the  family  of  Scbtitz 
settled  in  England.  His  grandfather, 
Augustus  Schutz,  accompanied  George 
1 1 .  from  Germany,  and  held  the  oflicc  of 
Master  of  the  Robes  and  Privy  Purse  to 
that  Sovereign.  The  splendid  mansion, 
furniture,  and  pictures,  and  also  the 
estate  of  Shotover  (forming  part  of  the 
ancient  forest),  were  demised  to  his  grand - 
latber,  Augustus  Schutz,  by  Lieut.- Ge- 
neral Tyrrell,  his  uncle,  from  whom  it 
passed  to  George  Schutz,  esq.  and  finally 
to  bis  son.  now  dereused.  Until  within 
a  few  years,  Mr.  Schutz  was  also  pos- 
sessor of  the  family  estate  of  the  Schi'itz's, 
near  Frankfort.  A  remarkable  trait  of 
German  honesty  is  attached  to  this  pro- 
perty. During  the  operation  of  the  Buo> 
naparte  decrees,  no  remittances  of  money 
could  be  made  to  this  country ;  but  upon 
their  relaxation  by  subsequent  events, 
and  when  the  by-gone  rents  of  this  pro- 
perty for  several  years  were  considered  by 
Mr.  Schutz  as  irrecoverably  lost,  the 
tenant,  of  his  own  accord,  remitted  the 


whole  amount  in  arrear,  informing  iiim  by 
letter  that  he  bad  carefully  laid  it  hyun'til 
a  proper  opportunity  for  remittance  oc- 
curred. 

Mr.  Schutz  was  formerly  a  member  of 
Christ  Church,  Oxford,  having  been  ma- 
triculated April  17,  1779.  Entering  the 
army,  as  an  officer  of  the  15th  light  dra- 
goons, at  an  early  age,  he  did  not  proceed 
to  a  regular  degree,  but  was  created  an 
honorary  Doctor  in  Civil  Law  at  the  in- 
stallation of  Lord  Grenville,  in  1810. 
He  was  for  many  years  a  Major,  and  af- 
terwards  a  Lieutenant- Colonel,  in  the 
Oxford  regiment  of  Volunteers. 

He  was  also  lessee  of  the  hundred  and 
manor  of  Mere,  in  Wiltshire,  which  estate 
had  been  in  his  family  for  upwards  of  a 
century.  This  last  representative  of  his 
name  was  distinguished  for  his  benevo- 
lence,  whilst  he  fully  maintained  the  high 
honour  of  his  ancestry. 


The  Rev.  W.  R.  Hay,  M.A. 

Dec,  10.  At  Ackworth  rectory,  York- 
shire, aged  78,  the  Rev.  William  Robert 
Hay,  M.A.  Rector  of  that  parish.  Vicar 
of  Rochdale,  and  a  Prebendary  of  York. 

Mr.  Hay  was  the  third  and  youngest 
son  of  the  Hon.  Edward  Hay,  sometime 
Governor  of  Barbadoes,  by  Mary,  daugh- 
ter  of  Peter  Flower,  merchant  of  Lon- 
don. His  father  was  the  fourth  son  of 
George- Henry  seventh  Earl  of  Kinnoul, 
by  Lady  Abigail  Harley,  daughter  of  the 
Lord  Treasurer  Oxford ;  and  a  younger 
brother  to  Robert  Lord  Archbishop  of 
York. 

Mr.  Hay  received  his  education  at 
Christ  Church,  Oxford,  where  he  took 
the  degree  of  M.A.  Oct.  24,  1783;  and 
during  the  early  period  of  his  life  devoted 
his  talents  to  the  study  and  practice  of 
the  law.  He  was  brought  into  connexion 
with  Lancashire,  in  his  capacity  as  a  bar- 
rister  on  the  circuit,  where,  in  1793,  he 
married  Mary,  widow  of  John  Astley, 
esq.  of  Diikinfield,  tbe  beautiful  and  ac- 
complished daughter  of  William  Wag- 
staffe,  esq.  of  Manchester.* 

He  now  entered  into  holy  orders,  and 
was  presented  to  the  rectory  of  Ackworth, 
in  the  county  of  York,  by  the  Chancellor 
of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster.  In  the  year 
1803  he  succeeded  Thomas  Butterworth 
Bayley,  esq.  as  chairman  of  quarter  ses- 
sions  for  the  hundred  of  Salford,  which 
office  he  held  till  the  year  1823,  when  he 
retired  into  private  life.     It  is  understood 

•  His  elder  brother  Edward  had  pre- 
\'iously  married  in  1782  Miss  Elizabeth 
Wagstaffe,  sister  to  Mary ;  she  became  a 
widow  in  1798,  and  was  remarried  to 
General  Kyd. 


96 


OniTVAfLY.^The  Refo.  W.  R.  Hm/,  M.A. 


[Jan. 


that  the  strong  recommendations  made  in 
his  favour  to  Lord  Sidmouth,  by  the 
municipal  authorities  and  other  respecta- 
ble inhabitants  of  Manchester,  with  re< 
gard  to  his  conduct  as  a  magistrate  during 
the  riots  of  1818,  induced  the  gorern- 
ment  to  ask  and  obtain  from  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  his  presentation  to 
the  valuable  vicarage  of  Rochdale,  (net 
yearly  value  1730/.)  which  was  conferred 
upon  him  in  1819. 

His  character  and  talents  have  made  an 
impression  on  those  who  came  within  the 
sphere  of  his  acquaintance,  which  will 
cause  him  to  be  remembered  by  his  friends 
with  admiration  and  affection,  and  by  his 
political  enemies  (for  personal  enemies  he 
could  have  none)  with  feelings  of  deep 
respect.  Early  introduced  into  the  most 
polished  circles  and  the  best  literary 
society  of  his  own  time,  he  constantly 
bore  about  him  the  marks  of  that  refined 
sphere  in  which  he  had  been  nurtured, 
and  never  foreot  what  was  due  to  himself 
or  others  in  his  intercourse  with  men  of 
every  class  and  station ;  of  a  cast  of  mind 
and  frame  of  body  almost  alike  herculean, 
he  could  grapple  with  the  greatest  legal 
difficulties,  and  undergo  the  most  con- 
tinued  efforts  of  bodily  exertion,  with  a 
perseverance  and  ease  which  it  astonished 
nis  feebler  associates  to  contemplate.  No 
threat  of  personal  danger  could  shake  a 
nerve  of  his  frame ;  no  sudden  mental 
difficulty  find  his  intellect  unprepared; 
no  rudeness  of  personal  insult  disturb  the 
habitual  equanimity  of  his  temper.  His 
conduct  as  a  magistrate  is  confessed,  even 
by  those  who  feel  no  great  affection  for 
his  acknowledged  opinions,  to  have  been 
beyond  all  praise.  Five  minutes  before 
the  opening  of  the  court  always  found 
him  seated  in  the  chair  ;  and,  while  he 
occupied  it,  the  mingled  dignity  and  sua- 
vity of  his  deportment,  the  knowledge 
even  of  the  nicest  technicalities,  as  well 
as  of  the  general  principles  of  law  which 
he  exhibited,  the  unbiassed  impartiality 
with  which  he  formed  his  decisions,  and 
the  concise,  dignified,  and  perspicuous 
language  with  which  those  decisions  were 
enunciated,  all  tended  to  vindicate  the 
majesty  of  the  law,  and  secure  admiration 
and  regard  towards  him  who  so  admirably 
dispensed  it.  It  is  painful  to  look  back 
to  the  melancholy  scenes  which  were  en- 
acted on  the  celebrated  l6th  of  August, 
1818.  But  we  believe  that  all  right- 
thinking  men  and  real  patriots,  of  what- 
ever  shade  of  political  opinion,  are  now 
ready  to  confess,  that  Manchester  owed 
then  as  much  to  the  firmness,  and  admi. 
rable  coolness  and  decision,  of  Mr.  Hay, 
as  Newport  has  more  recently  done  to 
the    patriotic    conduct  of   Sir  Thomat 

12 


Phillips.  From  the  time  he  quitted  the 
chair  of  the  quarter  sessions,  Mr.  Hay 
resigned  in  a  great  measure  the  duties  of 
a  magistrate,  and  devoted  himself  exclu- 
sively to  those  of  his  sacred  profession. 
In  that  profession  he  maintained  the 
same  love  of  order  and  adherence  to  prin- 
ciple, the  same  contempt  of  mere  popu- 
larity at  the  expense  of  right,  which  dis- 
tinguished his  legal  career.  This  rigid 
adherence  to  the  line  of  strict  duty 
brought  upon  him  much  public  obloquy 
and  personal  disquiet,  which  a  less  precise 
line  of  conduct  would  have  escaped  ;  but 
he  grappled  with  all  the  difficulties  of 
such  a  situation  with  the  intellect  of  a 
giant,  encountered  his  bitterest  opponents 
with  the  unvarying  manners  of  a  gentle- 
man, and  submitted  to  evils  which  he 
could  not  overcome,  with  the  philosophy 
and  piety  of  a  Christian.  In  the  inter- 
course of  private  life,  the  playful  brilliance 
of  his  imagination,  as  well  as  the  almost 
infantile  simplicity  of  his  fancy, — ^his  well- 
stored  fund  of  historical  and  political 
knowledge,  which,  from  a  long  and  accu- 
rate  observation  of  men  and  things,  had 
brought 
"  His  old  experience  to  attain 
To  something  like  prnphetic  strain,"— 
his  pleasing  reminiscences  of  great  men 
and'  great  events  in  the  last  generation, 
united  with  a  perfect  knowledge  of,  and 
unfailing  interest  in,  the  men  and  events 
of  the  present — his  kind  consideration  for 
the  Avants  and  wishes  of  all  around  him, 
from  the  highest  to  the  lowest — his  un- 
changing good -humour — his  faithful  at- 
tachment — his  sober  and  unaffected  piety, 
— will  justify  his  personal  friends  in  say- 
ing, what  has  often  been  said  before,  but 
never  with  more  truth, — '«  VVe  ne'er  shall 
look  upon  his  like  again." 

liy  the  lady  already  mentioned,  who 
died  on  the  I8th  Feb.  1832,  Mr.  Hay  had 
issue  a  daughter,  Mai7-Anne,  and  a  son, 
the  llev.  Edward  Hay,  bom  in  1800. 

WiLMAM  Smith,  LL.D.  F.G.S. 

Aug.  28.  At  Northampton,  aged  70, 
William  Smith,  LL.D.  and  F.G.S.  the 
Father  of  English  Geology. 

Of  this  very  excellent  and  industrious 
man  a  memoir  appeared  in  the  Natural 
History  Magazine  for  May  Uist,  written 
by  his  nephew,  John  Phillips,e8q.  F.R.S., 
Professor  of  Geology  at  king's  College, 
London ;  which  we  shall  now  quote  as 
fullv  as  our  limits  will  permit. 

William  Smith  was  born  on  the  23rd 
of  March,  1769,  at  Churchill,  in  Oxford- 
shire, amidst  the  oolitic  formations,  from 
an  investigation  of  which  he  was  subse- 
quently conducted  to  geological  disco- 
Teriea  of  great  importance.    He  inherited 


\ 


1840.] 


Obituary.— n^//tflfm  Smith,  LL.D.  F.G.S. 


97 


a  ftinall  patrimony,  but  his  education  and 
opportunities  of  acquiring  knowledge  were 
Tffj  imperfect,  till,  at  the  age  of  eigh- 
teen, be  attached  himself  to  the  late  Mr. 
Edward  Webb,  of  Stow-on-the-Wold,  to 
learn  the  business  of  land-surveying,  a 
person  of  singular  ability  in  his  profession, 
and  extensive  practice.  In  that  situation 
Mr.  Smith  had  opportunities  of  contrast- 
ing the  lias  and  red  marls  of  Worcester- 
shire with  the  **  stonebrash"  hills  of  Ox- 
fordshire  ;  and  the  distinctions  thus 
brought  under  his  notice  as  early  as  1789, 
were  the  germ  of  that  systematic  analysis 
of  English  strata  which  he  commenced  in 
1791. 

In  1791,  Mr.  Smith  was  employed  in 
iorveying  an  estate  at  Nether  Stowey,  in 
Somersetshire;  and  from  this  time  till 
1799  he  was  continually  occupied  in  the 
vicinity  of  fiath,  as  a  land  surveyor  and 
diil  engineer.  In  this  latter  profession, 
from  1793  till  1799,  he  was  engaged  in 
executing  the  Somerset  coal-canal.  On 
descending  the  Somersetshire  coal-pits, 
every  inquiring  person  would  receive  from 
the  workmen  the  account  of  the  regular 
sequence  of  the  strata  below  the  "  red 
ground**  given  by  Mr.  Stracbey  in  the 
**  Philosophical  Transactions"  for  1721  ; 
but  Mr.  Smith,  guided  by  previous  ob- 
servations toward  a  conclusion  which 
perhaps  was  but  dimly  apparent  to  him- 
»elf,  immediately  demanded  if  the  "  strata 
were  regular  above  the  red  ground?" 
The  answer  was  such  as  might  be  ex- 
pected from  persons  of  merely  local  expe- 
rience ;  the  workmen  declared  that  "there 
was  nothing  regular  above  the  red  ground ;" 
and  Mr.  Smith  returned  to  the  surface  to 
correct  this  popular  error.  In  the  year 
1791,  he  drew  detailed  sections  of  the 
ooal-nneasures  pierced  at  High  Littleton 
and  Timsbury,  and  represented  the  uii- 
conformity  of  the  red  marl  and  lius  above. 

Familiarized  from  childhood  with  some 
of  the  organic  remains  of  the  oolite,  and 
acquainted  with  the  lias  and  red  murl  be- 
low, Mr.  Smith  saw  in  Somersetshire 
these  strata  overlying  the  coal  measures ; 
and  having  made  detailed  sections  of  the 
coal  strata,  and  collected  organic  remains 
from  these  various  deposits,  he  found 
himself  in  possession  of  new  and  wide 
generalizations,  which  it  became  the 
enjoyment  and  the  labour  of  his  life  to 
unfold. 

•*  In  the  course  of  the  two  following 
years,  while  continuing  the  duties  of  a 
surveyor  and  civil  engineer,  he  became 
gradually  acquainted  with  all  the  minute 
facts  of  stratification  in  the  country  round 
Bath  ;  and  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  to 
the  test  the  inquiries  suggested  by  his 
surveys  in  1791,  he  made  two  transverse 

Oknt.  Mag.  Vou  XIII. 


sections  along  the  lines  of  two  parallel 
valleys  intersecting  the  oolitic  group, 
(determining  the  actual  elevation  of  these 
lines  by  levels  referred  to  those  of  the 
Somerset  coal-canal) ;  and  ascertained 
that  the  several  beds,  found  in  the  high 
escarpments  around  Bath,  were  brought 
down  by  an  eastern  dip,  in  regular  suc- 
cession, to  the  level  of  his  lines  of  sec- 
tion. During  these  two  years  Mr.  Smith 
was  in  the  constant  habit  of  making  col- 
lections of  fossils,  with  strict  indications 
of  their  localities ;  and,  in  completing  the 
details  of  his  transverse  sections,  he 
found,  where  the  beds  themselves  were 
obscure,  that  he  could,  by  organic  remains 
alone,  determine  the  true  order  of  suc- 
cession. During  this  period  he  also  ex- 
tended his  surveys  through  the  Cottes- 
wold  hills,  and  became  acquainted  with 
the  general  facts  of  the  range  of  the 
oolitic  escarpment  towards  the  north  of 
England."  (Sedgwick,  in  *'  Address  to 
the  Geological  Society,"  1831). 

Early  in  1794,  Mr.  Smith  attended 
Parliament  on  behalf  of  the  Somerset 
coal-canal  company ;  and  in  his  journey 
from  Bath  to  London,  observed  the  suc- 
cessive escarpments  of  the  oolitic  forma- 
tions and  chalk  hills  ;  and  in  the  summer 
of  the  same  year  he  made  a  long  journey 
to  the  north  of  England  with  Mr.  Palmer 
and  Mr.  Perkins,  for  the  purpose  of  col- 
lecting information  on  canals  and  col- 
lieries. Seated  foremost  in  the  chaise, 
he  explored  every  point  of  broken  ground 
on  two  lines  between  Bath  and  Newcas- 
tle-on-Tyne  ;  and,  instructed  by  previous 
knowledge,  he  interpreted  rightly  the 
contours  of  distant  hills,  and  thus  traced 
the  strata  of  Bath  to  the  coast  of  Whitby, 
and  the  chalk  of  the  Wiltshire  downs  to 
the  wolds  of  Lincolnshire  and  Yorkshire. 
At  this  period  of  his  life  Mr.  Smith  was 
utterly  unacquainted  with  books  treating 
of  the  natural  history  of  the  earth :  he 
had  no  other  teacher  than  that  acquired 
*  habit  of  observation  '  which  he  has  justly 
recommended  to  his  followers. 

In  179o,  hebccamea  housekeeper,  and 
immediately  began  to  arrange  his  collec- 
tion of  fossils  from  the  vicinity  of  Bath, 
in  the  order  of  the  strata.  His  residence 
in  the  Cottage  C'rescent,  near  Rath,  was 
favourable  for  this  object ;  and  before 
1799  he  had  coloured  geologically  the 
large  sheets  of  the  Somersetshire  survey, 
and  a  circular  map  of  the  vicinity  of  Bath. 
By  maps  and  sections,  and  arranged  col- 
lections of  organic  remains,  he  endea- 
voured to  explain  to  many  scientific  per- 
sons those  views  regarding  the  regular 
succession  and  continuity  of  strata,  and 
the  definite  distribution  of  animal  and 
vegetable  forms  in  the  earth,  which  are 

.0 


.  * » 


► 


98 


Obituary.— )^«7/tfl(m  Smith,  LL.D.  F.G.S. 


[Jan. 


now  the  common  property  of  Geology. 
Among  those  who  heard  his  explanations 
at  this  early  period,  may  be  mentioned 
Dr.  James  Anderson,  of  EdinWirgh  ; 
Mr.  Davis,  of  Longleat;  the  Rev.  J. 
Townsend,  author  of  '  Travels  in  Spain  ;' 
and  the  Rev.  B.  Richardson,  of  Farley. 
The  two  last-named  gentlemen  were  re- 
markably able  to  appreciate  the  truth  and 
novelty  of  such  views,  both  from  their 
general  attainments  in  Natural  History, 
and  their  exact  knowledge  of  the  country 
to  which  Mr.  Smith  directed  their  atten- 
tion. Both  of  them  possessed  large  col- 
lections of  organic  remains,  and  both 
were  astonished  and  incredulous  when 
their  new  friend,  taking  up  one  fossil  after 
another,  stated  instantly  from  what  par- 
ticular rock,  and  even  bed  of  stone,  or 
clay,  the  specimens  were  derived.  Nor 
were  they  less  surprised  when»  in  the 
field,  '  Strata  Smith  '  (as  he  was  termed) 
traced  with  ease  and  accuracy  the  ranges 
of  the  rocks,  by  following  the  courses  of 
springs,  and  many  other  indications  of 
a  change  of  the  sub-strata.  Both  entered 
with  the  zeal  of  novelty  into  the  examina- 
tion of  a  district  which  they  had  often 
traversed  before ;  and  Mr.  Richardson's 
was  the  hand  which,  in  1799,  wrote  from 
Smith's  dictation,  the  original  *  Tabular 
View  of  the  superposition  of  English 
strata,*  which  has  since  been  presented  to 
the  Geological  Society  of  London. 

Dr.  James  Anderson  earnestly  entreat- 
ed Mr.  Smith  to  lay  his  discoveries  be- 
fore the  public,  and  oifcred  the  assistance 
of  his  literary  experience  and  connexions 
to  aid  him.  Possibly  the  almost  continual 
occupation  in  which  he  was  now  engaged, 
especially  in  the  draining  of  land, — for 
which  Geology  had  taught  him  new  and 
certain  methods, — may  have  prevented 
his  complying  with  those  friendly  and 
judicious  offers  :  the  notion,  however, 
once  admitted,  revived  from  time  to  time, 
and  in  1801  a  prospectus  was  printed, 
containing  proposals  for  publishing  by 
subscription,  in  4to,  a  work  to  be  enti- 
tled *  Accurate  delineations  and  descrip. 
tions  of  the  natural  order  of  the  various 
strata  that  are  found  in  different  parts  of 
England  and  Wales;  with  practical  ob- 
servations thereon.'  For  this  work  a 
small  and  curious  geological  map  was  pre- 
pared, and  it  was  to  have  been  accompa- 
nied by  a  general  section  of  the  strata, 
showing  their  proportionate  thickness. 
The  prospectus  is  itself  a  Httle  essay  on 
the  practical  applications  of  Geology,  and 
displays  clearly  the  enlarged  and  precise 
mastery  of  his  subject,  which  finally  led 
to  the  completion  (in  1815)  of  the  great 
'  Delineation  of  the  strata  of  England  and 
Wales.' 


Mr.  Smith's  engagement  as  engineer  to 
the  Somerset  coal-canal  ceased  in  1799, 
and  he  was  from  that  time,  for  many 
years,  almost  continually  travelling  in 
various  directions  in  the  exercise  of  his 
profession.  To  this  he  appears  not  to 
have  looked  so  much  as  a  source  of  pro- 
fit, as  an  occasion  for  seeing  new  districts, 
and  completing  his  general  survey  of 
England  and  Wales.  He  was  in  the 
habit  of  attending  the  agricultural  meet- 
ings called  *  sheep-shearings,'  at  Woburn 
and  Holkham,  to  exhibit  his  maps  and 
sections  for  the  information  of  the  as- 
sembly. At  one  of  these,  in  1R04,  Sir 
Joseph  Banks  originated  a  public  sub- 
scription, to  aid  in  defraying  the  cost  of 
publishing  his  *  Observations  on  the  Strata 
of  England  and  Wales.'  In  1804  he 
fixed  his  nominal  residence  in  London, 
(15,  Buckingham-street,  Strand,)  re- 
arranged his  collection  there  on  a  new 
and  curious  plan,  and  received  many  dis- 
tinguished visitors.  But  his  time  vms 
principally  passed  in  Norfolk  and  Suffolk, 
where  he  accomplished  a  remarkable 
work, — stopping  out  the  sea  from  a  vast 
extent  of  marsh  land.  In  180C  the  first 
of  his  publications  appeared, — a  '  Treatise 
on  Irrigation,'  from  the  Norwich  press. 
For  one  of  the  successful  efforts  at  irri- 
gation directed  by  Mr.  Smith,  the  So- 
ciety of  Arts  awarded  their  medal. 

In  1808,  the  president  and  other  mem- 
bers of  the  Geological  Society  visited 
Mr.  Smith,  and  saw  his  collection  of 
fossils.  In  1811  appeared  the  first  vo- 
lume of  the  *  Geological  Transactions,' 
in  which  Mr.  Smith's  discoveries  regard- 
ing organic  remains  are  noticed ;  in  1813 
the  Rev.  W.  Townsend  published  the 
first  volume  of  his  curious  work, — '  The 
character  of  Moses  vindicated,*— con- 
taining much  information  communicated 
by  Mr.  Smith  ;  and  at  length,  in  August, 
1815,  appeared  the  long-expected  *  Deli- 
neation of  the  Strata  of  England  and 
Wales,'  on  a  new  map  engraved  for  the 
purpose  by  Messrs.  Gary,  of  London. 

An  arrangement  was  made  in  1815,  by 
which  the  British  Museum  became  pos- 
sessed of  Mr.  Smith's  whole  collection  of 
organic  remains,  for  the  sum  of  £500; 
and  the  task  of  arranging  and  describing 
this  collection,  led  to  the  publication  of 
two  works  in  4to,  entitled  *  Strata  Iden- 
tified by  Organized  Fossils,'  (1815,)  and 
*  Stratigraphical  System  of  Organized 
Fossils,'  n8l7,)  the  latter  designed  as  an 
index  to  tne  specimens  deposited  in  the 
Britibh  Museum.  In  1818  appeared,  in 
the  *  Edinburgh  Review,'  the  most  able, 
just,  and  discriminating  survey  of  the 
progress  of  English  Geology  ever  penned  ; 
and  if  Mr.  Smith's  friends  regretted  the 


\ 


1840.] 


Obituary.— ^t7/tam  Smith,  LL.D.  F.G.S, 


99 


kte  appearance  of  his  great  map,  and  the 
slow  and  difficult  growth  of  his  hard- 
earned  fame,  they  had  reason  to  be  thank- 
ful that  in  the  maturity  of  geological  re- 
search, at  a  time  when  the  progress  of 
continental  science  could  be  rightly  ap. 
predated,  the  delicate  task  of  estimating 
the  value  and  originality  of  his  labours 
was  accomplished  with  the  taste,  truth, 
and  iDdependence  which  characterize  the 
writings  of  Dr.  Fitton. 
Between  the  appearance  of  the  great 

Soeral  map  in  1815  and  the  year  1821, 
r.  Smith  published  no  less  than  twenty 
geological  maps  of  English  counties,  often 
remarkable  for  their  accuracy ;  and  be  did 
not  afterwards  desist  from  the  labour  of 
preparing  others,  amidst  difficulties  and 
privations  such  as  few  men  devoted  to 
science  have  ever  endured.  In  1819  Mr. 
Smith  resigned  his  residence  in  London, 
and  had,  in  fact,  scarcely  any  home  but 
the  rocks  until  1823,  which  year  be  passed 
in  Kirby  Lonsdale,  in  1824  be  delivered 
a  course  of  lectures  on  Geology  to  the 
members  of  the  Yorkshire  Philosophical 
Society,  then  recently  established  ;  these 
were  repeated  in  the  same  year,  in  con- 
junction  with  his  nephew  (now  Professor 
Phillips)  at  Scarborough  and  Hull.  A 
similar  effort  was  made  at  Sheffield  in 
16^,  and  soon  afterwards  Mr.  Smith 
accepted  an  engagement  as  agent  to  Sir 
J.  Johnstone,  Bart,  of  Hackness,  near 
Scarborough,  and  withdrew  for  a  while 
from  the  wandering  life  and  endless  la- 
bours he  had  imposed  on  himself. 

In  1829  one  who  deeply  felt  the  enthu- 
siasm of  active  geological  research,  was 
led  by  curiosity,  or  a  better  motive,  to 
visit  the  secluded  valley  of  Hackness,  and 
contemplate  the  imprisoned  energies  of 
an  impassioned  mind.  He  found  a  pa- 
tient though  disappointed  man  ;  an  in- 
flexible activity  of  intellect,  forced  into 
new  and  not  infertile  channels  ;  a  gene- 
rous sympathy  with  the  progress  of  science, 
shaded  only  by  deep  regret  at  his  own 
compulsory  exclusiun  from  the  active 
promotion  of  it.  Nothing  that  could  be 
effected  by  individual  kindness  was  omitted 
by  the  worthy  proprietor  of  Hackness,  to 
encourage  the  veteran  geologist,  whose 
mind,  singularly  gifted  with  the  power  of 
living  through  the  past,  was  often  far  away 
from  the  spot  where  his  labours,  and  per- 
haps his  life,  were  amusingly  and  usefully 
prolonged. 

The  time,  however,  came  at  length, 
when  the  voung  geologists  of  England 
drew  from  his  retirement  the  unforgotten 
Irudcr  of  their  science.  The  Geological 
Society  of  London  awarded  the  first 
medal  placed  at  tlieir  disposal  by  the  be- 
(^uesl     of    Wollaston    to   Mr.    William 


Smith,  '<  in  consideration  of  his  being  a 
great  original  discoverer  in  English  Geo- 
logy ;  and  especially  for  his  being  the 
first,  in  this  country,  to  discover  and  to 
teach  the  identification  of  strata,  and  to 
determine  their  succession,  by  means  of 
their  imbedded  fossils."  Professor  Sedg- 
wick then  occupied  the  chair  of  the  Geo- 
logical Society,  and  added  to  the  value  of 
the  distinction  he  was  conferring  on  Mr. 
Smith,  by  a  careful  estimation  and  proof 
of  bis  right  to  receive  it,  and  by  the  ac- 
knowledgment, which  could  come  with 
better  grace  or  greater  force  from  no 
living  geologist,  of  his  undoubted  claim 
to  be  recognised  as  the  *  Father  of  Eng- 
lish Geology.*  "  If,"  observes  this  elo- 
quent advocate  of  truth,  *'  in  the  pride  of 
our  present  strength,  we  were  disposed 
to  forget  our  origin,  our  very  speech 
would  bewray  us  ;  for  we  use  the  lan- 
guage which  he  taught  us  in  the  infancy 
of  our  science.  If  wc,  by  our  united 
efforts,  are  chiselling  the  ornaments,  and 
slowly  raising  up  the  pinnacles,  of  one  of 
the  temples  of  nature,  it  was  he  who  gave 
the  plan,  and  laid  the  foundation,  and 
erected  a  portion  of  the  solid  walls,  by 
the  unassisted  labour  of  his  hands." 

In    1835    he   received    the    degree  of 
LL.D.  in  Trinity  college,  Dublin. 

No  man  ever  withstood  more  bravely 
than  Mr.  Smith  the  pressure  of  pecu- 
niary difficulties  ;  they  were,  in  fact,  nei- 
ther rashly  nor  recklessly  incurred,  but 
inevitably  brought  on  by  the  unconquer- 
able desire  of  personally  tracing  the  strata 
of  England  and  Wales.  These  difHculties 
were  however  often  excessive  ;  and  after 
the  public  tribute  to  the  *  Father  of 
P^nglihh  Geology,'  decreed  by  the  Geolo- 
gical I^ociety,  it  was  impossible  to  avoid 
an  anxious  fear  that  in  the  winter  of  his 
age  he  would  be  destitute.  An  application 
was  made  to  the  Crown,  on  the  part  of  se- 
veral eminent  men  of  science,  and  persons 
of  high  station,  in  the  countiy,  who  had 
known  the  practical  value  of  Geology, 
for  the  grant  of  a  suitable  pension.  An 
annuity  of  One  Hundred  Pounds  was 
the  result  of  this  well-timed  application; 
and  from  this  limited  income,  at  three- 
score years  and  ten,  the  first  English 
geologist  drew  his  scanty  support.  Un- 
satisfied with  his  previous  labours,  he 
employed  the  hitter  years  of  his  life  in 
extending  his  early  observations  and  ap- 
plying  the  discoveries  of  Geology  to  prac- 
tical uses,  and  was  one  of  the  Committee 
which  recently  issued  their  elaborate  re- 
port on  the  stone  best  fitted  for  the  con- 
struction of  the  Houses  of  Parliament. 
In  private  life,  the  unaffected  goodness 
of  his  heart,  the  unoresumiiig  simplicity 
of  his  manners,  and  the  striking  originality 


100 


Obituary. — The  Rev.  George  Turner. 


[Jail. 


of  his  remarks,  endeared  him  to  the  widely 
extended  circle  of  his  friends.'* 

Dr.  Smith  came  to  Northampton  from 
London  on  Tuesday  the  20th  August, 
to  spend  a  few  days  with  Mr.  Baker,  the 
historian  of  that  county,  with  an  intention 
to  proceed  to  the  meeting  of  the  British 
Association  at  Birmingham.  On  the 
Friday  following  he  was  suddenly  attacked 
with  a  bilious  diarrhoea,  which  imme- 
diately prostrated  his  strength,  and  his 
death  ensued  on  Wednesday  the  28th. 
His  body  was  attended  to  the  grave  in 
the  churchyard  of  St.  Peter's,  North- 
ampton, by  his  nephew  Professor  Phillips, 
and  his  afflicted  friend,  Mr.  Baker,  on 
the  Monday  after  his  decease. 

A  portrait  of  Dr.  Smith,  taken  in  laSB 
by  Fourau,  and  engraved  by  T.  A.  Dean, 
was  published  in  the  Supplement  to  the 
Natural  History  Magazine  for  May. 

The  Rev.  George  Turner. 

Nov.  9.  In  his  73rd  year,  the  Rev. 
George  Turner,  B.A.  Rector  of  Kettle- 
burgh  and  Moncwden,  in  Suffolk. 

Mr.  Turner  was  born  at  Pulham,  in 
Norfolk,  and  received  the  early  part  of 
his  education  at  the  Free  Grammar 
School  at  Bury  St.  Edmund^s,  under  the 
tuition  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lauren tz,  and 
his  classical  acquirements  there  did  ample 
credit  to  the  teaching  of  so  distinguished 
a  master.  Upon  leaving  Bury,  he  was, 
for  a  short  time,  with  a  private  tutor, 
after  which  he  was  admitted  of  Jesus 
college,  Cambridge,  and  in  1788  pro- 
ceeded to  the  degree  of  A.  B.  His  pro- 
ficiency in  classical  learning,  while  in  col- 
lege, was  much  increased,  and  his  friends 
confidently  looked  forward  to  his  success 
in  an  examination  for  one  of  the  medals 
given  by  the  Chancellor  of  the  University; 
but,  the  study  of  mathematics  being  un- 
suited  to  bis  taste,  his  name  appeared 
only  on  the  second  Tripos,  and  be  was 
thereby  precluded  from  offering  himself 
as  a  candidate  for  that  high  honour.  As 
soon  as  he  was  of  sufficient  age,  he  en- 
tered into  holy  orders,  and  was  for  a 
while  curate  in  a  parish  near  Harleston, 
in  Norfolk.  In  1790  he  married,  and 
soon  after  took  upon  himself  the  duties  of 
the  parish  of  Kettleburgh ;  settling  him- 
self in  the  parsonage- house  there,  which 
he  never  quitted  afterwards.  Though 
qualified  by  nature  and  education  for  any 
station  in  life,  his  habits  were  retiring, 
and,  considering  "  the  post  of  honour  to 
be  a  private  station,*'  he  earnestly  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  a  parish  priest,  and 
never,  to  the  end  of  his  life,  relaxed  his 
efforts  in  the  due  performance  of  them. 
In  1803^  he  was  instituted  to  the  rectory 
of  Monewden,  on  the  presentation  of  the 


late  Chaloner  Arcedeckne,  esq.  and  in 
1807  to  that  of  Kettleburgh,  patron  the 
late  Robert  Sparrow,  esq.  of  Worlingham 
hall,  Suffolk.  About  the  year  1804^  he 
began  to  act  as  a  magistrate,  and  in  the 
exercise  of  the  duties  of  that  office  he 
reaped  golden  opinions  from  all.  Easy 
of  access,  patient  in  the  investigation  of 
cases  and  complaints  which  came  before 
him,  and  cool  in  the  determination  of 
them,  he  was  firm  in  the  execution  of  that 
determination ;  though,  in  all  instances 
where  his  severe  sense  of  duty  would  al- 
low him,  he  was  ever  eager  to  temper 
justice  with  mercy.  Thus  did  he  de- 
servedly obtain  the  utmost  popularity 
among  those  who  sought  for  justice  at  his 
hands,  as  well  as  great  respect  and  de- 
ference to  liis  opinion  from  his  brethren 
on  the  bench.  For  nearly  thirty  years  he 
continued  his  exertions  in  this  line  of 
duty  ;  but  growing  infirmities  obliged  him, 
a  few  years  since,  greatly  to  the  regret  of 
his  neighbourhood,  to  retire  from  it. 

In  the  performance  of  the  duties  of  his 
profession  he  was  most  exemplary;  earnest 
and  impressive  in  the  highest  degree  in 
the  pulpit,  always  alive  to  the  wants  of 
his  poor  parishioners,  relieving  them  in 
their  necessities,  comforting  them  in 
their  afflictions,  and  earnestly  endeavour- 
ing, both  by  precept  and  example,  to  lead 
them  in  the  way  they  should  go.  Of  his 
social  qualities,  too  much  cannot  be  said  ; 
the  friends  he  has  left  behind  him,  and 
they  were  numerous,  can  best  bear  record 
of  the  excellencies  of  this  trait  of  his  cha- 
racter: always  cheerful,  lively  and  play- 
ful in  his  conversation,  his  society  was 
eagerly  sought  for,  and  most  highly  ap- 
preciated ;  not  only  for  the  amusing 
powers  which  he  possessed,  but  for  his 
sound  judgment  and  extensive  informa- 
tion on  general  subjects.  The  loss,  there- 
fore, of  such  a  friend  will  long  be  most 
sincerelv  and  deeply  felt ;  but  upon  his 
family  how  much  more  heavily  must  it 
fall !  in  his  relation  with  them,  he  was 
indeed  beyond  all  praise;  his  ever  un- 
ruffled good  temper,  his  unvarying  kind- 
ness of  heart,  and  large  allowance  for  the 
faults  of  others,  and  particularly  of  those 
immediately  about  him,  will  have  left 
such  a  grateful  remembrance  of  him,  as 
time  only,  the  softener  of  all  griefs,  can  be 
ca))able  of  weakening  or  obliterating. 

It  is  to  be  regretted,  that  the  only  me- 
morial which  he  has  left  behind  of  his 
literary  attainments,  is  his  edition  of  his 
friend  the  Rev.  Robert  F'orby*s  •*  Voca- 
bulary of  East  Anglia,"  2  vols.  8vo.  1830, 
to  which,  indeed,  he  was  himself  a  laige 
contributor.  D.  A.  Y. 


1840.] 


Obituary.— C/er^j/  Deceased. 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 


The  Rev.  John  Boake^  Rector  of 
Swslcliffe,  Kent,  to  wbicb  he  was  pre- 
sented in  1826  by  Earl  Cowpcr. 

At  Pinchbeck,  Lincolnshire,  the  Rev. 
John  Bull,  M.  A.  Curate  of  that  parish. 
The  Rev.  G.  H.  Haslewoodj  Perpetual 
Curate  of  Morvill  with  Aston  Eyre,  and 
of  Quatford,  in  Bridgnorth,  Salop ;  to 
the  former  of  which  livings  he  was  insti- 
tuted in  1797,  and  to  the  latter  in  1801. 

Aged  37,  the  Rev.  C.  MoffatU  Curate 
of  St.  Mary's,  Newry,  co.  Down. 

The  Rev.  Richard  Noble,  Vicar  of 
Whalley  and  Perpetual  Curate  of  Church 
Kirk  in  Lancashire,  and  a  magistrate  for 
that  county.  He  was  presented  to  the 
former  living  in  1822  by  Abp.  Manners 
Sutton,  and  to  the  latter  in  1824  by  the 
Trustees  of  Hulme's  Exhibitions. 

Aged  71,  the  Rev.  Morgan  0' Dono- 
van, Rector  of  Dundurrow,  and  Chaplain 
to  the  Corporation  of  Cork. 

At  Newport  glebe-house,  Tipperary, 
affed  83,  the  Rev.  Dr.  J.  Pennefather, 
Rector  of  the  Union  of  St.  John's. 

The  Rev.  Edward  Roberts,  Rector  of 
Halkin,  Flintshire,  to  which  he  was  col- 
lated in  1819  by  Dr.  Luxmoore,  then 
Bp.  of  St.  Asaph. 

Aged  67,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Robyns, 
Vicar  of  Marystow,  Devonshire,  to  which 
be  was  presented  in  1819  by  J.  H.  Tre- 
mayne,  esq.  He  was  of  Corpus 
Cbnsti  college,  Cambridge,  where  he 
graduated  B.A.  1791,  M.A.  1820. 

At  Cardiff,  aged  65,  the  Rev.  Ricliard 
fi'amtt*/, Chaplain  in  the  Royal  Navy,  and 
formerly  Curate  of  Swansea. 

Oct.  3.  At  Corpus  Christi college,  Ox- 
ford, in  his  75th  year,  the  Rev.  Henry  Di- 
mock,'M.A.  Chiiphiin,and  formerly  l-ellow 
of  that  society,  and  Rector  of  Monks'  Ris- 
borough,  Buckinghamshire.  He  was  the 
son  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Dimock,  Chap- 
lain to  Archbishop  Moore,  and  the  au- 
thor of  •'  Critical  and  Explanatory  Notes 
on  the  Holy  Scriptures."  The  cJcccased 
waselected  a  Scholar  of  Corpus  in  1782; 
proceeded  B.A.  1785.  and  M.A.  1789! 
He  was  collated  to  his  living  by  the  late 
Archbishop  in  181 1. 

At   Boldon,    Durham,  the  Rev.  iVa- 
thaniel  John    Holliuytworth,  Rector  of 
thiit  parish.     He  was  born  at  Batterseu, 
in  Surrey,  educated  at  Mcrchant-taylors* 
school,  and  thence  elected  a  Scholar  of  St. 
John's  college,  Oxford,  in   178J),  became 
actual    Fellow   in    1792,   and   graduated 
B.A.  179.3,  M.A.  1796.   He  was  collated 
to  the  rectory  of  Boldon  by  Hishop  Van- 
Mildert    in    1829.     He    married    Lucy, 
daughter  of  the   Rev.   Dr.    Neve,    Mar- 
garet Frofchsor  of  Divinity.     And  a  ftw 
days  only  before  his  dcctusc  bis  dau^'h. 


101 

ter,  Amelia,  was  married  to  Calverley, 
eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Calverley  John 
Bewicke,  M.A.  of  Hallaton  hall,  Leices- 
tershire. 

At  Sallowglen,  co.  Kerry,  the  Rev. 
Francis  Sandes,  Curate  of  Lisleton,  se- 
cond son  of  the  late  T.  Sandes,  esq. 
nephew  to  the  Bishop  of  Waterford. 

Oct.  5,  Aged  83,  the  Rev.  Richard 
Constable,  Prebendary  of  Chichester, 
Vicar  of  Cowfold  and  Hailsham,  Sussex. 
He  was  formeriy  Fellow  of  St.  Peter's 
college,  Cambridge,  where  he  graduated 
B.A.  1778,  M.A.  1781 ;  was  collated  to 
the  prebend  of  Wisborough  Green,  in  the 
cathedral  church  of  Chichester,  by  Bishop 
Ashburnham,  in  1796;  to  the  vicarage  of 
Cowfold  in  1801,  by  Bishop  Buckner;and 
presented  to  Hiiilsham  in  1805,  by  E. 
Mitchell,  esq. 

Oct.  8.     At  his  seat,  Belmont,    near 
Hereford,   aged   92,    the    Rev.   Richard 
Prosser,   D.U.,  a  Prebendary  of  Here- 
ford, and  late  Archdeacon  of  Durham.  He 
was  born  at  Market  Drayton,  in  Shrop- 
shire ;  and  entered  of  Brasenose  college, 
Oxford,  in  1767.   He  proceeded  to  the  de- 
grees of  B.A.  Oct.  10,  1770,  and  of  M.A. 
July  1,   1773,  having,  in  the  preceding 
March,  been  elected  to  a  Chaplain  Fel- 
lowship in  his  college.  In  1783  he  served 
the  oflice  of  Proctor ;  at  the  expiration  of 
which,  in   178i,  he  was  admitted  to  the 
degree  of  h.iy.     He  was  for  many  years 
one  of  the  Delegates  of  the   University 
Press,  and  held,  in   succession,  various 
College  offices,  especially  that  of  Tutor, 
in  which  he  was  uniformly  distinguished 
for  a  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties,  and 
a  strict,  but  courteous,  maintenance  of 
academical  discipline.     l\\  Jan.  1792,  he 
was  presented  by  his  College  to  the  rec- 
tory of  All  Saints',  Colchester,  which  he 
vacated  in  1796,  on  his  being  collated  to 
the  rectory  of  Gateshead,  by  Bishop  Bar- 
rington.     Jn  the  same  year,  also,  he  pro- 
ceeded  to   the    degree    of    D.D.      He 
married,  June  16,  1796,  Sarah,  youngest 
daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Samuel  Wegg, 
esq.  of  Bloomsbury.square,  and  Acton, 
Middlesex,  and  had  issue  an  only  child, 
Richard,  who  died  in  his  youth.     By  the 
patronage  of  the  same  Prelate,  Dr.  Pros- 
ser was,  in  1801,  collated  to  a  prebend  in 
the  Cathedral  of  Durham,  and  afterward* 
to  the  Archdeaconry,  together  with   the 
rectory  of  Easington.     This  latter  pre- 
ferment he  resigned,  and,  during  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life,  with  the  exception  of 
his  official  residence  at  Durham,  he  resided 
at  his  beautiful  scat,  Belmont,  near  Here- 
ford, purchased  by  him  of  the  late  Co- 
lonel Matthews,  nnd  in  a  county  to  which 
he  was  strongly  attached  by  the  ties  of  hi* 
earliest  associatiouit  and  family councxion«. 


102 


Obituary. — Clergy  Deceased. 


[Jan. 


Dr.  Prosser  was  remarkable  for  a  strong 
attachment  to  the  institutions  of  his 
country,  in  Church  and  State,  and 
omitted  no  opportunity  of  testifying  his 
zeal  for  both,  by  personal  exertions  and 
pecuniary  donations.  He  possessed  a 
talent  for  business,  and  a  clearness  of 
understanding  which  continued  unim- 
paired  to  the  last;  and  he  conciliated 
general  esteem  by  the  benevolence  of  his 
disposition  and  the  urbanity  of  his  manners. 
Dr.  Prosscr's  large  property  descends, 
it  is  believed,  to  his  great-nephew,  the 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Haggitt,  Pre- 
bendary of  Durham.  His  stall,  under  the 
arrangements  for  endowing  the  University 
of  Durham,  devolves  to  the  Professor  of 
Greek  in  that  institution,  the  Rev.  Henry 
Jenkyns. 

Oct.  9.  The  Rev.  Thomas  Wetherherd, 
Chaplain  to  the  Hon.  East  India  Com- 
pany,  and  late  of  Leeds. 

Oct,  10.  Aged  70,  the  Rev.  John 
Roby,  Rector  of  Congerston,  Leicester- 
shire, and  Vicar  of  Austrey,  Warwick- 
shire. He  was  of  Emanuel  college, 
Cambridge,  B.A.  1791,  M.A.  1791; 
was  presented  to  Congerston  in  1793  by 
Sir  John  Danvcrs,  Bart,  and  to  Austrey 
in  1825  by  Lord  Chancellor  Eldon. 

Oct,  12.  At  Lichfield,  aged  32,  the 
Rev.  Henry  Jevon  Greene^  M.A.  of 
Trinity  college,  Cambridge. 

Oct,  13.  At  St.  Ives,  Huntingdon- 
shire, aged  63,  the  Rev.  Cuthbert  John- 
son BaineSf  Vicar  of  that  parish.  He 
was  the  son  of  Cuthbert  Baines,  esq.  of 
Penzance ;  was  matriculated  of  Pembroke 
college,  Oxford,  in  1793,  and  graduated 
B.A.  1787,  M.A.  1800.  He  was  insti- 
tuted  to  the  vicarage  of  St.  Ives  in  1802. 
Only  four  days  before  his  death,  his 
eldest  daughter  had  been  married  to  his 
curate,  the  Rev.   H.  Hayton. 

Oct.  H.  At  Madeira,  the  Rev.  Ed- 
Vfard  Ashe,  M.A.  Rector  of  Harnhill, 
and  Vicar  of  Driffield,  Gloucestershire. 
He  was  the  youngest  son  of  the  Rev. 
Robert  Ashe,  of  Langley  house  ;  and 
was  presented  to  both  his  livings  in  1833 
by  bis  father. 

At  Codford  St.  Peter's,  Wilts,  aged 
75^  the  Rev.  John  Dampier^  for  fifty-one 
years  Rector  of  that  parish,  and  Rector 
of  Langton  Matravers,  Dorsetshire.  He 
was  of  Wadham  college,  Oxford,  M.A. 
1787 ;  was  presented  to  Codford  St.  Pe- 
ter's in  1790  by  Pembroke  college;  and 
to  Langton  Matravers  in  .  .  .  by  his 
own  family. 

Oct.  21.  Aged  37,  the  Rev.  Charles 
Agar  Hunt,  B.A.  Incumbent  of  St.  Pe- 
tards church,  Blackburn. 

Oct.  24.    At  Waghom'ii  Hotel,  Grand 


Cairo,  whilst  travelling  for  his  health,  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Clay. 

Oct.  26.  At  Cheltenham,  the  Rev. 
JohnMeara,  Rectorofthe  union  of  Head- 
ford,  CO.  Gal  way  (rent  charge  786/.  per 
ann.)  in  the  gift  of  the  Bishop  of  Tuam. 

Oct.  29.  Aged  74.,  the  Rev.  George 
Osborne,  Rector  of  Haslebeach,  North- 
amptonshire. He  was  of  Clare  hall, 
Cambridge,  M.A.  1799,and  was  presented 
to  Haslebeach  in  1822  by  Sir  Thomas 
A  preece. 

Oct.  31.  At  his  seat,  Macknay,  near 
Ballinasloe,  aged  66,  the  Hon.  and  Rev. 
Charles  le  Poer  Trench,  D.D.  Arch- 
deacon of  Ardagh.  He  was  the  fourth 
son  of  William. Power- Keatinge  first 
Earl  of  Clancarty,  by  Anne,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  Rt.  Hon.  Chas.  Gardiner,  and 
sister  to  Luke  1st  Viscount  Mountjoy; 
and  consequently  brother  to  the  late 
Earl  of  Clancarty  and  the  late  Lord 
Archbishop  of  Tuam.  He  died  of 
typhus  fever,caught  while  attending  atthe 
sick  bed  of  one  of  his  poor  parishioners. 
His  loss  is  great,  in  all  the  relations  of  a 
private  gentleman,  a  magistrate,  and  a 
clergyman.  He  was  very  charitable, 
sparing  neither  trouble,  time,  nor  expense 
when  his  exertions  could  be  employed  for 
the  deserving.  Archdeacon  Trench  mar- 
ried Miss  Elwood,  and  has  left  issue  three 
sons  and  one  daughter:  1.  the  Rev. 
Frederick  Trench  ;  2.  Charles  j  3.  Anne; 
and  4.  Henry. 

Nov.  1.  At  Ipsley,  Warwickshire, 
aged  54,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Dolben  Dolben, 
Rector  and  patron  of  that  parish  with 
Spurnall,  to  which  he  ^\'as  instituted  in 
1829.  His  eldest  son,  a  scholar  of  Wore, 
coll.  Oxford,  died  in  1836  (see  our  vol. 
V.  p.  677.) 

A^op.  4.  At  the  New  Hotel,  Hornsea, 
aged  55,  the  Rev.  John  James  Hudson, 
Fellow  of  Magdalene  college,  Oxford,  on 
the  Lincolnshire  foundation.  He  gradu- 
ated M.A.  1807,  B.D.  1816. 

The  Rev.  John  James,  Vicar  of  Tre- 
garen,  Cardiganshire. 

Nor,  0.  Aged  74,  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Taylor,  for  thirty-eight  years  Perpetual 
Curate  of  Coppull,  Lancashire,  in  the 
parish  of  Standish,  and  Head  Master  of 
Heskin  School. 

Nov.  V2.  At  Kirk  Deighton,  near 
Wetherby,  aged  79,  the  Rev.  James  Gel- 
dart,  LL.D.  Rector  and  patron  of  that 
parish,  and  the  senior  magistrate  of  the 
West  Riding  of  Yorkshire.  He  was  of 
Trinity  hall,  Cambridge,  where  he  gradu- 
ated B.A.  1783,  as  2d  Senior  Optime, 
M.A.  1809;  and  LL.D.  1811.,  when  he 
was  a  Fellow  of  Trinity  hall.  He  was 
instituted  to  bis  living  in  1795. 


%^jgf' 


1840.] 


Obituary. — Clergy  Deceased, 


103 


iVbv.  13.  Suddenly,  of  apoplexy,  aged 
37,  the  Rev.  D,  F.  Harridgey  Curate  of 
Lamersh,  Essex. 

Nov,  14.  Aged  78,  the  Rev.  Joieph 
Hudton,  Vicar  of  Stanwix,  Cumberland, 
to  which  church  be  was  colUited  in  1806 
by  Dr.  Goodenough,  then  Bp.  of  Carlisle. 
He  was  father  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hud- 
son, formerly  Fellow  of  St.  Peter's  col- 
lege, Cambridge. 

IV^ov.  15.  At  North  Cheam,  Surrey,  aged 
GS,  the  Rev.  John  Cookesley,  D.D.  late 
of  Dawlish,  Devon,  and  of  Sydenham, 
Kent. 

Nov.  18.  At  Hastings,  from  an  injury 
caused  by  the  overturning  of  his  chaise, 
aged  7-I-,  the  Rev.  Robert  Hele  Selby  Heie, 
Rector  of  Brede,  Sussex.  He  was  the  son 
of  Robert  Helc  Selby,  esq.  of  Marazion, 
Cornwall;  was  matriculated  of  Exeter 
college,  Oxford,  June  2,  1783;  graduated 
B.A.  1788,  M.A.  1789;  and  afterwards 
he  took  the  name  of  Hele  on  the  death  of 
arelative.  He  was  instituted  to  the  rec 
tory  of  Brede  in  1822  on  his  own  presen- 
tation,andhc  was  lately  V^iear  and  impro- 
priator of  Grays  in  Essex.  He  married 
the  eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Home, 
Bishop  of  Norwich  and  President  of  Mag- 
dalene college,  Oxford. 

The  Rev.  Martin  Gilpin ^  for  fourteen 
years  Perpetual  Curate  of  St.  Thomas's 
church,  Stockport. 

Nov.  26.  The  Rev.  John  Kipling,  Per- 
petual Curate  of  Chcarslcy,  and  Vicar  of 
Oukley,  Buckinghamshire,  and  a  magis- 
trate for  that  county.  He  was  the  son  of 
the  Rev.  C.  Kipling,  of  Dorton,  Bucks ; 
was  matriculated  of  Lincoln  college,  Ox- 
ford, in  178;^,  graduated  B.A.  1787. 
M.A.  179();  was  instituted  to  Chcarsley 
in  171)1,  and  to  Oakley  in  IHIO. 

Dec.  3.  At  Ingleton,  Yorkshire,  aged 
72,  the  Rev.  Robert  I/odgnon  Greentrood, 
Senior  Fellow  of  'i'rinity  college,  Cam- 
bridge. He  graduated  B.A.  1791,  as 
16th  Wrangler,  M.A.  1791.. 

At  the  residence  of  his  mother,  Bra- 
condale,  Norwich,  aged  33,  the  Rev.  John 
KinOf  Curate  of  Redgrave,  and  chaplain 
to  the  (ruiltrross  union  workhouse. 

Dec.  i.  The  iicv.  I^wrence  J.  A^o/am, 
Curate  of  Athboy,  co.  Meath,  formerly  a 
priest  of  the  church  of  Rome. 

Dec.  J.  At  Kdgbahton,  Warwirkshire, 
the  Rev.  John  George  Dreay,  Minister  of 
Christ  church,  Birmingham,  and  a  Pre- 
bendary of  Lichfield,  lie  was  of  Queen's 
college,  Cantbridge,  B.A.  18..  ;  he  was 
for  a  short  time  Curate  of  'J'rinity  church 
in  Birmingham,  and  for  several  years 
Perpetual  Curate  of  Haddenham,  in  the 
Isle  of  Ely.  lie  was  collated  to  (;hri»t 
church,  Birmingham,  in  1832,  by  Bishop 
Ryder,  and  the   same  prelate  appointed 


him,  in  1835,  to  the  prebendal  stall  of 
Tachbrook,  in  the  cathedral  church  of 
Lichfield. 

Dec.  II.  At  Liverpool,  aged  61,  the 
Rev.  Richard  Cardwelly  minister  of  St. 
Paul's  church  in  that  town. 

Dec.  12.  At  Clifton,  aged  41,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Stretton  Codrington,  Vicar  of 
Wroughton,  Wilts,  to  which  preferment 
he  was  presented  in  May  1^7,  by  the 
Rev.  Richard  Pretyman,  Canon  Resi- 
dentiary and  Precentor  in  Lincoln  cathe- 
dral, B[ector  of  Wroughton,  and  patron 
of  the  Vicarage.  He  was  fourth  son  of 
the  late  William  Codrington,  of  Wrough- 
ton House,  esq.,  and  was  formerly  of 
Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  in  which 
university  he  graduated  in  1820.  He 
married  29th  July,  1828,  Eliza-Jemima, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  late  James 
White,  of  Clifton,  esq.  and  by  her  has 
left  issue  six  sons,  viz.  Thomas,  born  31 
May,  1829;  Robert;  William;  Edward; 
James- White,  and  Oliver.  During  the 
twelve  years  of  his  incumbency,  and  for 
the  four  preceding  years  in  which  he 
laboured  in  the  vineyard  as  Curate  of 
Wroughton,  his  whole  time  was  devoted 
to  the  discharge  of  his  pastoral  duties; 
and  it  may  be  truly  said  that,  in  attending 
to  the  comforts,  and  in  alleviating  the 
distresses,  of  his  poorer  brethren,  the 
genuine  principle  of  piety  and  charity 
ever  and  alone  actuated  his  conduct. 
Among  his  equals,  the  excellence  of  his 
understanding,  the  soundness  of  his  judg- 
ment, and  the  amiable  qualities  of  lus 
heart,  gained  him  the  esteem  and  good 
will  of  all ;  but  by  none  will  his  prema- 
ture death  be  so  severely  deplored  as  by 
those  who  were  accustomed  to  share  the 
communings  of  his  inmost  soul ;  to  them 
his  memory  will  be  imperishable. 

Dec.  15.  At  Haydon,  near  Taunton, 
the  Rev.  Henry  Barker^  Auditor  of  the 
Chard  and  other  Unions  in  West  Somer- 
set. 

At  Bath,  aged  75,  the  Rev.  John  Ge- 
netty  M.A.  He  was  educated  at  West- 
minster, and  afterwards  entered  a  Pen- 
sioner at  Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  of 
which  Society  he  became  a  scholar  at  the 
commenrement  of  his  second  year.  He 
was  for  many  years  a  Curate  in  a  retired 
village  in  Lancashire,  and  at  length  was 
appointed  Private  (chaplain  to  the  Duke 
of  Ancaster.  He  was  the  author  of  **  The 
History  of  the  English  Stage  from  IGOO 
to  l&W." 

At  Preston,  jjancashire,  the  Rev. 
Roger  Carut  IVilion^  Vicar  of  that 
parish,  to  which  he  was  presented  in 
1817  by  the  Trustees  of  Hulmc's  Exhi- 
bitions. 


104 


OBfTUARY. 


[Jan. 


DEATHS. 


LONDON   AND   ITS   VICINITY. 

.Nov.  9.  At  his  residence  in  London, 
Lawrence  Reynolds,  esq.  of  Paxton  Hall, 
near  St.  Neot's,  for  several  years  chair- 
man of  the  Huntingdonshire  Court  of 
Quarter  Sessions,  and  an  active  magistrate 
of  the  county.  The  marriage  of  his 
eldest  daughter  to  Reginald  Curtcis,  esq. 
was  recorded  in  our  last  Number,  p.  G44. 

Nov.  15.  In  Maddox-street,  aged  43, 
William  Urwin  Sims,  esq.  a  Director  of  the 
Bank  of  England,  Chairman  of  the  Great 
Western  Railway  Company,  Chairman  of 
the  Glenarvon  Iron  Company,  and  a  Di- 
rector of  the  Promoter  Fire  Insurance- 
office.  He  was  likewise  a  partner  in  the 
firm  of  Jacobs,  Sims,  and  Company,  W^cst 
India  merchants,  and  Neville,  Sims,  and 
Williams,  in  the  Steel-yard.  At  an  in- 
quest it  appeared  that  be  had  committed 
suicide,  for  which  the  only  reason  that 
could  be  assigned  was  that  he  had  suffered 
very  much  in  his  mind  from  the  illness  of 
his  sister.     He  died  a  bachelor. 

Also  by  suicide,  James  Slack,  esq.  of 
St.  Paul's -terrace,  Islington,  for  nearly 
forty  years  one  of  the  clerks  in  the  Bank 
of  England. 

Nov.  16.  In  the  Temple,  aged  60, 
Thomas  Thompson,  esq.  barrister-at-law, 
who  committed  suicide  at  his  chambers  in 
Harcourt-buildings.  Since  the  extensive 
fire  in  Paper-buildings,  upon  which  occa- 
sion he  nearly  lost  his  life,  he  was  more  or 
less  excited.  About  twelve  months  since 
be  suffered  under  delu  sion  that  the  benchers 
of  the  Inner  Temple  had  taken  measures 
to  disbar  him,  as  he  had  practised  a  deceit 
upon  them,  in  saying  that  his  father  was 
an  esquire,  whereas  he  was  only  a  che- 
mist. He  was  called  to  the  bar  on  the 
25ch  Nov.  1819.  It  is  said  that  he  has 
by  his  will  left  18,000/.  to  Mr.  Chambers, 
as  a  compensation  for  the  loss  of  his 
place  as  a  police  magistrate  at  Marlbo- 
rough.street. 

Nov.  20.  At  South  Lambeth,  Mary, 
relict  of  Dr.  Scarlett,  M.D.  of  Duckett's 
Spring,  Jamaica. 

Thomas  Miller,  esq.  of  Ely-place. 

Nov,  21.  In  Upper  Woburn.pl.  aged 
56,  Major  Lcwin  Scott  Smith,  formerly 
of  the  Madras  Establishment. 

At  Brompton-sq.  Robert  Stewart,  esq. 
late  of  Calcutta. 

Nov.  22.  In  RusscU-sq.  aged  80,  John 
Hanson,  esq.  formerly  of  Great  Bromley 
Hall,  and  late  of  Woodford,  Essex,  leav- 
ing 10  surviving  children,  and  39  grand- 
children. 

Nov.  23.  At  Kensington,  in  his  90th 
year,  Joseph  Cocksedge,  esq. 

In  Cavcndish-sq.  Mrs.  Scarisbricky  of 
13 


Golbome   Park,   Lancashire,  widow  of 
Thomas  Scarisbriek,  esq. 

At  Barnes  common,  Henry  Watson, 
esq. 

Nov.  24.  At  Kensington,  aged  88, 
the  relict  of  the  Rev.  Francis  Weybridge. 

In  her  70th  year,  Mrs.  Frances  Unett, 
sister  of  John  Wilkes  Unett,  esq.  of  Bir- 
mingham. 

At  Kensington,  aged  81,  John  Lem. 
priere,  esq.  formerly  her  Majesty's  Con- 
sul at  Pernambuco. 

Nov.  25.  At  Clapham,  Catherine, 
eldest  and  only  surviving  dau.  of  the  late 
C.  L.  Spitta,  esq.  of  Peckham. 

Nov.  27.  At  Highgate,  aged  85,  Ka- 
tharine, relict  of  John  Hodson,  esq.  for- 
merly  of  Wellingborough.  Her  body  was 
buried  in  the  Highgate  Cemetery. 

In  Connaught-sq.  aged  72,  Everilda 
Dorothea,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Sir 
Mordaunt  Martin,  Bart,  and  widow  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Barnard,  M.A.  Vicar 
of  Great  Amwell. 

Nov.  28.  At  York-terr.  Regenfs-pk. 
aged  81,  Gen.  Samuel  Bradshaw,  late  of 
the  Bengal  Service. 

Nov.  29.  At  Kentish-town,  William 
Abington,  cso.  late  of  the  Cadet-office, 
East  India  House,  and  for  47  years  a 
faithful  and  zealous  servant  of  the  Com- 
panv. 

Aged  36,  Mary,  the  wife  of  Samuel 
Montague  Stable,  esq.  of  Esdaile  house, 
Hampstead  Road.  Her  body  was  in- 
terred in  the  Highgate  Cemeterv. 

Nov.  30.  At  the  house  of  his  niece, 
Mrs.  R.  Wynne  Williams,  in  Hatton 
Garden,  aged  83,  William  Ackroyd,  esq. 
of  the  Royal  Marines,  one  of  the  few 
surviving  veterans  who  had  ser\'cd  under 
Rodney,  Hood,  Keppel,  and  Byron.  He 
was  a  Lieut,  in  the  rortun^'C  frigate  when 
his  late  Majesty  joined  that  ship  in  1782, 
but  retired  from  the  service  on  his  mar- 
riage at  the  peace  of  1783.  In  1834  his 
Majesty  met  with  Mr.  Ackroyd,  and  re- 
cognised him  in  the  true  spirit  of  a  British 
sailor,  and  was  graciously  pleased  to  write 
him  a  letter,  *«  That  he  well  recollected 
him  to  be  an  active  and  zealous  officer, 
whose  corps  was  always  in  the  highest 
order.'*  Mr.  Ackroyd  was  a  bright  ex- 
ample of  unaffected  Christian  piety  and 
benevolence. 

At  Brixton,  in  her  50th  year,  Harriot, 
wife  of  Caj)t.  Thomas  Warrand,  R.N. 

Lately.  Mr.  Ephraim  Bond.  His  will 
has  been  proved  at  Doctors'  Commons, 
by  his  executor  and  only  brother,  Mr. 
Joseph  Bond,  of  St.  Jamcs's-street.  The 
value  of  his  property  left  is  about  55,000/. 
All  partnership  debts,  furniture,  &c.  to 
bis  brother.     To  his  sister,  for  Ufe,  150/. 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


105 


per  aimuin,  and  a  freehold  estate  at  Han- 
tings,  which,  at  her  death,  is  to  revert  to 
her  brother.  The  residue  to  ensure  an 
annuity  for  life  to  the  testator's  widow, 
and  at  her  death  this  also  is  to  revert  to 
the  brother.  By  his  losing  speculations 
in  the  Adelphi  and  Queen's  theatres, 
turf  speculations,  &c.  it  is  calculated  his 
property  has  been  reduced  nearly  40,000/. 

Dte,  2.  In  Berkeley-st.  Louisa,  wife 
of  Robert  H.  Temple,  esq.  of  Waters- 
town,  Westmeath. 

At  Dalston,  aged  77,  Edmund  Briggs, 
esq. 

In  Charlotte-st.  Bedford-sq.  aged  83, 
John  Haynes  Harrison,  esq.  of  Copford- 
baU,  Essex. 

Dec,  3.  In  Charles. st.  Berkeley>sq. 
aged  82,  Mrs.  Beadon,  relict  of  the  late 
Lfiord  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells. 

In  Bedford-place,  Catharine,  relict  of 
William  Smith,  esq.  of  Fairy.hall,  near 
Eltham. 

At  Crane-court,  Doctors'  Commons, 
aged  78,  James  Howard  Randell,  esq. 

Dec,  4.  Three  weeks  after  giving  birth 
to  a  daughter,  in  her  25th  year,  I^uisa, 
wife  of  Mr.  James  Figgins.  Her  body 
was  interred  at  the  Highgate  Cemetery. 

Dee,  5.  Aged  44,  Richard  Greenland 
Denne,  esq.  of  the  Inner  Temple,  barris- 
ter,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Richard 
Denne,  esq.  of  Winchelsoa.  He  was 
called  to  the  bar  Nov.  24,  1826. 

Dec.  6.  At  Walworth,  WUliam  Car. 
roll,  esq.  surgeon  R.N. 

Aged  65,  John  Buck,  esq.  of  South- 
st.  (insbury. 

Etheldred-Catharine,  wife  of  Lord 
Chas.  Spencer  Churchill,  2d  son  of  the 
Duke  of  Marlborough.  She  was  the 
second  daughter  of  John  Benett,  esq. 
M.P.  for  South  Wilts,  was  married  in 
1827,  and  has  left  several  children. 

Dee,  7.  At  Barnes,  aged  68,  John 
Hillersdon,  esq.  Deputy  Governor  of  the 
Corporation  of  the  lx)ndon  Assurance, 
and  Governor  of  the  Lead  Company. 

In  Harley-street,  aged  72,  the  wife  of 
Robert  Prickett,  esq. 

Aged  67,  Bartholomew  Bamewall,  esq. 
Dee,  8.     In  Charlotte-st.  Bedford-sq. 
Med  83,   Mrs.   Elizabeth    Harrison,  of 
&elvedon,  Essex. 

Dee,  9.  At  Homsey,  aged  67,  TuUie 
Joseph  Comthwaite,  esq. 

Aged  82,  Ann,  wife  of  Edward  C. 
Robinson,  esq.  Dep.  Comm.-Gen.,  of 
Upper  Belgrave- place. 

At  Islington,  aged  72,  Charlotte,  widow 
of  W.  Hardisty,  of  the  Chancery  Sub- 
poina  Office. 

In  Cavendish-sq.   aged  .15,     Stephen 
Love  Hammick,  M.  D.,   Fellow  of  the 
Hoyal  College  of  Physicians,  and  one  of 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


Dr.  Radcliffe's  Travelling  Fellows  of  the 
University  of  Oxford,  to  which  he  was 
appointed  on  the  8th  of  July,  1831.  Dr. 
Hammick  was  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  Ste- 
phen Love  Hammick,  Bart.,  and  entered 
as  Commoner  of  Christ  Church  in  1822. 
He  took  his  degree  of  B.A.  1826 ;  M.  A. 
1829;  B.M.  1831,  and  D.M.  1894;  and 
pursued  his  professional  studies  at  St. 
George's  Hospital.  In  1838  he  pub- 
lished a  translation  of  **  Mesterlich's 
Chemistry." 

Dee,  10.  At  Brompton-crescent,  Ele- 
anor, relict  of  Walter  Hebden,  esq.,  of 
Stockwell. 

At  Highgate,  aged  64,  Joseph  GodfireY, 
esq.  His  lM>dy  was  interred  in  the  High- 
gate  Cemetery. 

In  Hyde^ark-place  West,  in  her  80th 
year,  the  Right  Hon.  Harriett- Anne 
dowager  Lady  De  la  Zouche.  She  was 
the  only  daughter  and  heiress  of  William 
Southwell,  esq.  (uncle  of  Edward  20th 
Lord  de  Clifford),  and  widow  of  Cecil 
Lord  de  la  Zouche,  who  was  married  on 
the  27th  June  1782,  and  died  on  Uth 
Nov.  1828.  Her  ladyship  leaves  two 
surviving  daughters — Harriett- Anne  Ba- 
roness de  la  Zouche,  married  to  the  Hon. 
Robert  Curzon,  uncle  of  Earl  Howe;  and 
Katharine  Annabella,  married  to  Capt. 
G.  R.  Pechell.  R.  N.,  M.P.,  one  of  the 
Equerries  to  Queen  Adelaide.  Her  body 
has  been  deposited  in  the  family  vault  at 
Parbam,  Sussex. 

Aged  50,  Mr.  William  Taylor,  for- 
meriy  of  Pope's  Head-alley,  and  of  Canon- 
bury-square,  Islington,  stockbroker.  He 
was  found  dead  in  a  cub,  from  congested 
blood  upon  the  brain,  in  consequence  of 
constant  excess  in  spirituous  liquors. 

Dee,  11.  At  the  house  of  his  father. 
North-end,  Fulham,  aged  28,  Mr.  George 
James  Walls,  of  Hart-st.  Bloombury-sq., 
solicitor. 

Dee,  12.  At  Tulse-hill,  aged  88,  Jo- 
seph Scott,  esq. 

Dee,  13.  At  Wandsworth,  Anne- Ellen, 
wife  of  Rev.  Thomas  Bourdillon,  Vicar 
of  Fenstanton,  Hunts. 

Judith,  wife  of  James  Anderton,  esq. 
of  Bridge-street,  Blackfriars.  Her  body 
was  interred  in  the  Highgate  Cemetery. 

Aged  46,  George  Cooper  Bumand,  esq. 
late  of  New  Bond-st. 

At  Broom. hill,  Shooter's-hill  (the seat 
of  his  brother,  H.  R.  Willett,  esq.)  John 
Willett  Willett,  esq.  of  Mericy  house, 
Dorset. 

Dee,  14.  At  Piccadilly,  aged  84, 
Henry  Hall,  esq. 

Dee,  15.  At  Mabledon  .place,  Blary, 
wife  of  William  Barker,  esq. 

Dee,  16.  In  Chapel-street,  Grosvenor- 
place,  aged  81,  Geoit^  Goodwin,  esq. 

P 


106 


Obituary. 


[Jan. 


In  Golden-sq.,  aged  41  Jena,  second 
daughter  of  the  late  Thomas  Babington, 
esq.  of  Rothley  Temple,  co.  Leic. 

Dee.  17.  In  Brook-street,  Lower  Dept- 
ford,  in  bis  70th  year,  an  old  shoemaker 
named  Allen,  leaving  6000/.  in  cash  and 
notes,  and  a  similar  sum  invested  in  the 
Bank  of  England.     The  deceased  lived 
in  the  most  penurious  manner,  and  during 
bis  illness  would  not  apply  for  medical 
advice,  nor  have  any  one  to  attend  upon 
bim.     On  examining  the  boxes  and  draw- 
ers in  bis  bouse,  his  money  and  documents 
were  found  hidden  between  the  leaves  of 
books;  and  in  some  bags  were  penny- 
pieces  and  faithings  to  the  amount  of 
40/.,  which  must  have  been  hoarded  up 
for  many  years,  as  most  of  them  were 
mildewed.     A  will  was  also  found,  be- 
queathing the  whole  of  his  treasures  to 
bis  relatives,  about  10  in  number.     The 
old  man  was  a  bachelor,  and  a  native  of 
Scotland. 

Dec,  18.  At  Argyll-place,  in  his  80th 
year,  Major  Henry  Mercer,  late  of  the 
East  India  service. 

At  Bedford-square,  Lady  Wood,  relict 
of  Sir  George  \Vood>  Knt.  Baron  of  the 
Exchequer. 

Bedford. — Dec,  7.  At  Bedford,  aged 
75,  John  Parker,  esq. 

Berks. — Dec,  18.  At  Bellevue,  near 
Reading,  Mary. Ann,  wife  of  T.  Bacon, 
esq. 

Cambridge. — Nov.  20.  Aged  90,  Mrs. 
Mortlock,  of  Prospect-row,  Cambridge. 
Dec.  1.  At  Clare-hall  Lodge,  in  his 
22d  year,  William,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Webb.  He  was  a  member  of  Trinity 
college. 

Dec.  5.  At  West  Wratting,  aged  82, 
Anne,  the  widow  of  the  Rev.  Samuel 
Parlby,  late  Vicar  of  Stoke -by- Nayland. 
Cheshire. — Nov.  15.  In  her  77th  year, 
Catherine,  relict  of  the  Rev.  G.  H. 
Lardner,  M.  A.  Rector  of  Thurstaston. 

Cornwall. — Nov.  24.  At  Bodmin, 
John  Flamank  Phillips,  esq.,  third  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  N.  Phillips,  Rector  of 
Lanivet. 

Dec,  6.  At  Perran  wharf,  near  Truro, 
Lewis  Fox,  esq.  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Robert  Fox,  esq.,  of  Falmouth. 

Devon. — Nov.  30.  At  the  residence 
of  Edward  Shearm,  esq.  Stratton,  aged 
74,  Miss  Vowler,  late  of  Hols  worthy. 

Dec,  4.  Aged  82,  Francis  James,  esq., 
for  many  years  Steward  of  the  late  Earl 
of  Devon,  from  which  situation  he  retired 
in  1806. 

Dec,  6.    At  Dawlish,  aged  56^  Thomas 
Aston,  esq.,  late  of  Upper  GuUdford-st. 
Dec,  7.    At  Exeter,  Maigaret,  wife  of 
Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  W,  Patenon,  K.C.B, 


daughter  of  the  late  John  Mair,  esq.  of 
Plantation,  near  Glasgow. 

Dec.  8.  At  Stoke,  aged  64,  Cordelia, 
wife  of  Thomas  Husband,  esq. 

Dec.  11.  At  Paignton,  in  his  80th 
year,  Thomas  Rennell,  esq.,  late  of  the 
Bank  of  England. 

Dec.  16.  At  Powderham  C/astle,  aged 
62,  the  Right  Hon.  Harriett  Countess  of 
Devon.  She  was  the  daughter  of  the  late 
Sir  Lucas  Pepys,  Bart.  M.D.  and  Jane 
Countess  of  Rothes,  and  was  married  on 
the  29th  Nov.  1804.  She  has  left  issue 
three  sons. 

Dorset. — Nov.  30.  At  Dorchester, 
aged  53,  James  Willis  Weston,  esq. 

Lately.  The  late  Misses  Marsh  (whose 
death  is  recorded  in  our  last  Number,  p. 
663)  bequeathed  to  the  Vicar  of  Stur- 
minster,  -and  his  successors,  in  trust,  for 
apprenticing  children,  500/. ;  to  the  So- 
ciety for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel 
in  Foreigii  Parts,  100/.;  to  the  Society 
for  the  Relief  of  the  Widows  and  Or- 
phans  of  deceased  Clergymen  in  the 
county  of  Dorset,  100/. ;  to  the  Dorset 
Lunatic  Asylum,  50/.;  and  to  the  Stur* 
minster  Friendly  Society,  20/. 

At  West  Lulwortb,  aged  55,  Lieut. 
Nicholas  Gould,  R.N.,  fifth  son  of  the 
late  Nicholas  Gould,  esq.  of  Frome. 
house,  one  of  the  oldest  families  in  Dor- 
set. He  faithfully  served  his  country  44 
years. 

Dec.  10.  At  Piddletown,  aged  69,  Ro. 
bert  Alner,  esq. 

Dec.  13.  Aged  82,  Henry  Biging,  esq. 
of  Bourton. 

Essex.— iVbv.  22.  Aged  56,  Samuel 
Benton,  esq.  of  Brittains,  Homcburch. 

Nov.  30.  Aged  85,  Robert  Scratton, 
esq.  of  Southend. 

Lately.  At  Witham,  Mary,  relict  of 
the  Rev.  John  Eaton,  D.C.L. 

Dec.  11.  At  Plaistow,  aged  77,  Robert 
Humphrey  Marten,  esq. 

Dec.  15.  At  Ley  ton,  aged  84,  Lewis 
Charles  Daubuz,  esq. 

Gloucester. — Nov,  23.  At  Cbelten- 
ham,  aged  58,  Col.  Josiah  Stewart,  C.  B. 
of  Fort  St.  George,  Madras. 

Nov.  30.  At  Nailsworth,  in  her  80th 
year,  Fanny,  relict  of  Jeremiah  Day,  esq. 
At  the  residence  of  his  daughter,  Mrs. 
Ormsby,  Cheltenham,  John  Underwood, 
esq.  late  a  Member  of  the  Medical  Board 
at  Madras. 

Lately.  At  Norman  Hill,  aged  24, 
John  Blagden  Phelps,  B.  A.  of  Oriel 
college,  Oxford,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  Jas.  Phelps,  M.A.  Rector  of  Al- 
derley,  Gloucestershire.  He  entered  a 
Commoner  of  Orid  in  1833;  and  took  bia 
degree  of  B.  A.  1839. 
At  Cheltenham,  aged  18,  Sybilla  Miuryt 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


lor 


Only  dau.  of  W.  Wakeman,  esq.  of  Beck. 
ford.hall. 

Dee.l,  Aged  &i,  Edmund  Clutterbuck, 
esq.  of  Avening. 

Dee,  6.  At  Clifton,  at  the  residence  of 
her  son.in-law  Mr.  Callender,  in  her 
74th  jear,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  John  Grun- 
don,  esq.  of  Cambridge,  and  last  surviving 
child  of  the  late  J.  F.  Fahvasser,  esq.  of 
Maidenhead. 

Z>ec.  8.  At  Cheltenham,  in  his  72d 
year,  John  Aylmer,  esq.  brother  of  the 
late  Sir  Fenton  A^lmer,  Bart,  of  Do- 
jiadea  Castle,  co.  Kildare. 

Dee.  9.  At  Lower  Easton,  aged  77, 
George  Long,  esq.  He  was  the  sur- 
viving brother  of  Mr.  Thomas  Long, 
late  of  Montpellier. 

Dec.  15.  George  Rooke,  esq.  of  Bigs- 
wear. 

Dec.  18.  At  Cheltenham,  Richard 
Warren  Coley,  M.D.  R.N. 

Hants.— iVop.  25.  At  Christchurch, 
aged  58,  Mr.  James  Pike,  senior  burgess 
of  the  Corporation,  and  many  years  bar- 
rack-master  of  the  cavalry  barracks. 

At  Winchester,  George,  son  of  W.  V. 
Wickham,  esq. 

At  Itchen  Ferry,  much  advanced  in 
years,  the  widow  of  Mr.  Wm.  Smith, 
late  bMuiker  and  collector  of  the  port  of 
Southampton.  Her  remains  were  in- 
tcrred  in  the  family  vault,  in  St.  John's 
churchyard. 

Nov.  30.  At  Anglesey  Ville,  near  Gos- 
port,  aged  78,  Mrs.  Majendie,  relict  of 
the  late  Bishop  of  Bangor. 

Lately.  At  Winton,  aged  79,  Mary,  re- 
lict of  Wm.  Budd,  esq.  of  Ropley. 

Dec.  3.  At  Itchen  Stoke,  aged  18 
months,  Everard  Alexander,  only  son  of 
the  Hon.  and  Kev.  Fred.  Baring. 

Dee.  15.  At  Andover,  aged  56,  Maria, 
the  wife  of  Thomas  Heath,  esq.  banker. 

Hy.KKTOKtt.—Laiely.  At  the  Church 
House,  Lyonshall,  aged  8(),  T.  Jeffries, 
rtw|.  formerly  of  the  Grove,  in  the  same 
county. 

Dec.  3.  At  Hereford,  aged  77,  H. 
Waddington,  ena.  uncle  of  the  Bishop  of 
Gloucester  and  Bristol ;  of  the  Rev.  Geo. 
Waddington,  Prcb.  of  ChichcKter ;  and  of 
Horace  Waddington,  esq.  Recorder  of 
Warwick. 

Hkrts.— Aor.  17.  Maria- Matilda,  dau. 
of  the  late  William  Dent,  esq.  of  Brick- 
rndoii  Bury,  and  Orange  Court,  Chig- 
well. 

Dec.  h.  At  IppoUittn,  aged  64,  Mar- 
garet, widow  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Lax. 

f>ec.  15.  At  (kxlicote  Bury,  Mr.  John 
Wyman,  eldest  son  of  (J.  Wymaii,  cHq. 

Huntingdon.— ATor.  10.  In  her  U;^d 
year,  the  wife  of  J.  Whitwell,  es(|.  of 
Great  Stukeley. 


Kent. — Nov.  26.  At  Sittingboume, 
aged  22,  Michael  Henry,  son  of  the  late 
Michael  Oakeshott,  esq. 

Nov.  27.  At  Canterbury,  aged  42, 
Sydney,  wife  of  William  Mount,  esq. 

Lately.  At  Eastry,  aged  57,  Charlotte, 
wife  of  Wm.  F.  Boteler,  esq.  of  Graves- 
end,  and  sister  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jopes. 

Aged  06,  Rebecca,  relict  of  James 
Wybom,  esq.  Hull-house,  Kent. 

Dec.  3.  At  St.  John'S'hill,  near  Seven- 
oaks,  aged  57,  Ellen,  relict  of  C.  C.  Pet- 
ley,  esq.  of  Riverhead. 

Dee.  7.  In  her  80th  year,  Sarah,  relict 
of  Jeremiah  Curteis,  esq.  of  Heronden- 
house,  Tenterden,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  T.  Curteis,  D.D.  Preb.  of  Can- 
terbury, and  Rector  of  Sevenoaks,  Kent. 

Dec.  13.  At  Vale  Mascal,  North  Cray, 
Wm.  Frederick  Lawson,  esq.  Clerk  of 
the  Peace  for  the  county  of  Surrey,  son 
of  William  Lawson,  esq.  formerly  Clerk 
of  the  Peace,  who  since  his  son*s  death 
has  been  restored  to  the  office. 

Dec.  14.  At  Bishopsboume  rectory, 
John  M'Divitt,  esq.  M.D.,  consulting 
physician  to  the  Kent  and  Canterbury 
Hospital. 

Lancashire. — Nov.  14.  At  Clitbe- 
roe,  aged  23,  Christopher,  third  son  of 
the  Rev.  Philip  Abbott. 

Lately.  At  Salford,  aged  49,  Mr. 
Matthew  Vipond,  a  celebrated  swimmer, 
whose  exploits  in  the  Mersey  are  well 
known  at  Liverpool.  On  the  11th  of 
July  18%  he  swam  from  the  Rock  Point 
to  Runcorn,  a  distance  of  twenty-two 
miles,  in  Ave  hours  and  a  half,  having  only 
a  fifteen  feet  tide  with  him. 

Dec.  10.  At  Hey  Brook,  Rochdale, 
John  Holland,  esq.  one  of  the  magistrates 
of  that  borough. 

Lincoln. — Nov.  29.  Emma,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Francis  Wilson,  Vicar  of 
Salcsby. 

Middlesex. — Nov.  9.  At  Great  Eal- 
ing, aged  85,  Mrs.  Olivia  Cuthbertson. 

Dec.  13.  Aged  83,  Martha,  relict  of 
Peter  Tabois,  esq.  of  Great  Ealing. 

Monmouth. — Nov.  29.  At  Caerleon, 
John  Hamman  Pritchard,  esq. 

Norfolk. — Nov.  2.  At  Yarmouth, 
aged  52,  Isabel,  wife  of  John  Kitson,  esq. 
one  of  the  Registrars  of  the  Diocese,  and 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Wm.  Webb,  esq.  of 
Pulham. 

Nov.  14.  Aged  70,  J.  Burrell  Faux, 
csn.  of  Thetfora. 

KoRTHAMPTON. — .Vor.  9.  At  Millc- 
ccnt,  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Thok. 
Beet,  em|.  of  Great  Houghton. 

At  Northampton,  John  Lucas,  Ch4{.  the 
youngest  and  only  brother  who  survived 
the  Ute  W.  Z.  Lucas  Word,  esq.  of  Guili* 
boroogh-ball. 


loa 


OsiTUABVi 


[Jan. 


Nov,  21.  At  Chipping  Warden,  aged 
95,  Mrs.  Frances  Tavrey. 

Dec.  2.  At  the  residence  of  her  son 
the  Rev.  E.  Wilson,  Costock  rectory, 
aged  68,  the  widow  of  the  Rev.  W.  Bee- 
tbam,  late  Rector  of  Costock. 

Dec.  3.  At  Higham  Ferrers,  Edward, 
third  son  of  the  late  Rev.  George  W. 
Malim,  Vicar  of  that  place. 

Notts.— -Aa/e/y.  At  Stoke,  aged  81, 
the  Hon.  Esther,  widow  of  Sir  George 
Bromley,  Bart,  and  aunt  to  Earl  Howe. 
She  was  the  eldest  dau.  of  Assheton  Ist 
Viscount  Curzon,  by  his  first  wife,  Es- 
ther, only  dau.  and  heiress  of  Wm.  Han- 
mer,  of  the  Fenns  co.  Flint,  esq.  was 
married  in  1778,  and  left  a  widow  in  1808, 
having  had  issue  an  only  son,  the  present 
Sir  Robert  Howe  Bromley,  Bart. 

Oxford.— A^ot7.  19.  At  Woodstock, 
in  her  2l8t  year,  and  four  months  after 
her  marriage,  Henrietta,  wife  of  Thomas 
A.  W.  Parker,  esq.  M.P.  for  Oxford- 
shire, and  nephew  to  the  Earl  of  Mac- 
clesfield. She  was  the  youngest  dau.  of 
Edmund  Turnor,  esq.  of  Stoke  Rochford. 
Her  body  was  interred  in  the  vault  of  the 
Macclesfield  family  at  Sbirbum  Castle. 

Dec.  6.  At  Mey,  Catherine,  relict  of 
the  Rev.  John  Davies,  Fellow  of  Jesus 
college,  and  Rector  of  Longworth,  Berks. 

Salop. — Nov.  26.  At  Market  Dray- 
ton, Richard  Marigold  Nonelv,  esq.  of 
Market  Drayton,  and  Nonely-ball,  Lop- 
pington. 

Somerset. — Nov.  18.  At  Bath,  at  a 
very  advanced  age,  Mrs.  Ford,  widow  of 
John  Ford,  esq.  and  grandmother  of 
Lady  Eardley  Wilmot. 

Lately.  At  Taunton,  aged  83,  Mr. 
William  Soady.  He  was  a  merchant  of 
considerable  importance  and  affluence  in 
Devonport,  and  by  an  unfortunate  specu- 
lation failed ;  he  then  redoubled  his  ex- 
ertions in  business,  and  at  the  expiration 
of  a  few  years  called  his  creditors  together 
and  paid  the  deficiency  of  the  dividend,  to 
make  20*.  in  the  pound. 

Dec.  ].  At  Bath,  Emma,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  W.  Broderip,  esq.  of  Clifton. 

Sarah,  widow  of  Lieut.- Col.  Pearson, 
Bengal  Art.  For  upwards  of  thirty  years 
she  was  the  zealous  and  benevolent  pa- 
troness of  the  "  Charitable  Institution  and 
School  of  Industry,"  in  Taunton. 

Dec.  3.  At  Hillary-house,  Axminster, 
aged  78,  Wm.  Knight,  esq. 

Dec.  14.  At  Wincanton,  aged  77, 
George  Baker,  esq. 

Dec,  15.  At  Bath,  Charles  Penrud- 
docke,  esq.  barrister- at-law.  He  was  cal- 
led to  the  bar  at  the  Middle  Temple, 
Nov.  28. 1823. 

Dec.  16.    At  Bath,  aged  70,  Mrs.  H. 


Benson,  daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Benson, 
Preb.  of  Canterbury. 

Stafford.— iViw.  12.  At  his  residence, 

Fosseway-house,    near  Lichfield,  in  his 

47th  year,  Henry  Holmes  Bradbum,  esq. 

Dec.  3.      At  Wichnor  Park,  agc^  74, 

Theophilus  Levett,  esq. 

Suffolk.— JVbc.  30.  At  Yoxford,  aged 
56,  G.  Wilson,  esq, 

Surrey.— iVbt;.  30.  At  Wonersh,  a^ed 
48,  Esther  Susannah,  second  surviving 
dau.  of  the  late  Hon.  Granville  Anson 
Chetwynd  Stapylton. 

Dec.  3.  At  Farnham,  in  his  80th  year, 
John  Hollist,  esq.  solicitor. 

Dec.  b.  At  Richmond,  aged  78,  Sarah 
Frances,  relict  of  Mr.  John  Catliiur,  of 
Lcwisham,  and  formerly  verger  of  West- 
minster Abbey. 

Dec.  6.  At  Walton.upon-Thames, aged 
56^  Mrs.  Jane  Margaret,  wife  of  Lieut. 
John  Middleton,  R.  N. 

Sussex. — Nov.  18.  At  Horsham,  aged 
69,  Stephen  James  Smith,  esq. 

Nov.  21.  At  St.  Leonard^s-on-Sea, 
Eleanor,  daughter  of  the  kite  Thomas 
Mai  thy,  esq.  of  Upper  Harley-street. 

Nov.  26.  At  Brighton,  in  her  90tJi 
year,  Mary,  relict  of  Robert  Hoggart, 
esq.  formerly  of  Foxgrove,  Beckenham. 

Nov.  28.  At  Brighton,  aged  47,  Robert 
Finch  Newman,  esq.  late  Solicitor  to  the 
City  of  London. 

Nov.  30.  At  Brighton,  in  the  19th 
year  of  her  age,  the  Hon.  Eleanor  Louisa 
Brougham,  only  surviving  child  oi  Lord 
Brougham.  On  the  4th  Dec.  her  bodv 
was  interred  in  Lincoln's  Inn  Chapel. 
Among  those  present  were  —  Lord 
Brougham,  as  chief  mourner;  Lord  Den- 
man,  Sir  N.  Tindal,  Mr.  Vizard,  Mr. 
Miller,  of  the  Bankruptcy  Court,  and 
Mr.  C.  Phillips.  ThU  is  said  to  be  the 
only  instance  on  record  of  the  interment 
of  a  female  in  Lincoln's  Inn. 

Dec.  4.  At  Hastings,  William  Hennr 
Stringer,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late  W. 
Stringer,  esq.  of  Ashford,  Kent 

Dec. . .  At  Hastings,  sged  52,  after  a 
lingering  illness  of  nearly  two  years,  the 
Right  Hon.  Theodosia  Spring  Kice,  Lady 
Monteagle.  She  was  the  second  daugh- 
ter of  the  Earl  of  Limerick,  by  Mary 
Alice,  only  daughter  and  heir  of  Henry 
Ormsby,  and  was  married  to  Mr.  Spring 
Rice  (lately  created  Lord  Monteagle)  in 
1811.  She  has  left  two  sons  and  three 
daughters.  Her  body  was  interred  at 
Ore,  near  Hastings. 

Dec.  12.  At  Bognor,  aged  72,  Richard 
Dallv,  esq.  formerly  an  eminent  solicitor 
in  Chichester. 

Dec.  13.  At  Brighton,  aged  65»  An* 
thony  Meilan,  esq. 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


109 


At  Brighton,  aged  76,  the  relict  of  Jas. 
Dixon,  esq.  late  of  Bridge-st.  Blackfriari. 
Wabwick.^-A^ov.  15.  At  Handsworth, 
aged  85,  William  Murdock,  esq.  the  per. 
BOO  who  first  applied  coal-gas  to  the 
porpose  of  illumination. 

Nw.  19.  At  £rdington,  aged  70,  Mr. 
Joseph  Allen,  a  native  of  Birmingham^ 
and  an  artist  of  distinguished  eminence. 

Nov,  23.  At  Leamington,  Mary« 
Firances,  wife  of  Lieut.- Colonel  Dixon, 
Scotch  Fusilier  Guards,  and  niece  of  Sir 
Robert  Wilmot,  Bart,  of  Chaddesden. 

Nov.  25.  At  Little  Kineton,  aged  44, 
William  Edward  King,  esq.  son  of  the 
late  James  King,  esq. 

Dee.  17.  Aged  72,  John  Everard,  esq. 
of  Attleborougb,  near  Nuneaton. 

Wilts. — Nov.  29.  At  Amesburj,  at 
an  advanced  age,  Chas.  Sutherland,  esq., 
late  of  South-st.  Grosvenor-sq. 

Dee.  10.  Aged  55,  Margaret,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry  Hawea, 
Rector  of  Ditteridge  and  Little  Lang, 
ford. 

At  Warminster,  aged  62,  Thomas 
Davis,  esq.  He  was  for  more  than  thirty 
years  steward  of  the  extensive  estates  of 
the  Marquess  of  Bath,  and  was  similarly 
employed  by  other  landed  proprietors. 
Few  men  have  been  more  sincerely  re- 
spected and  beloved. 

Worcester. — Nw.  5.  At  Stourbridge, 
aged  52,  Isaac  Downing,  esq.,  for  many 
years  past  an  eminent  surgeon  of  that 
place. 

Noe.  17.  William  Taylor,  esq.  youngest 
son  of  the  late  John  Taylor,  esq.,  of 
JUoseley  Hall. 

Nov.  27.  At  the  PaUce,  Worcester, 
mA  65,  Mrs.  Carr,  wife  of  the  Lord 
Bishop  of  Worcester. 

At  the  rectory,  Naunton  Beauchamp, 
aged  78,  Sarah,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Corne- 
lius Copner,  whose  death  is  recorded  in 
our  last  number,  p.  660. 

York. — Nov.  29.  At  the  house  of  C. 
T.  Soulsby,  esq.,  Bessingby,  aged  82, 
Miss  Hudson,  aunt  to  H.  Hudson,  esq., 
of  Bessingby-hall. 

Lately.  At  Thirsk,  ased  78,  Lucretia, 
relict  of  Samuel  Sturbuclc,  esq.,  of  Mil- 
ford,  South  Wales. 

Dee.  15.  At  Scruton-hall,  Harriet, 
relict  of  the  late  Col.  F.  L.  Coon. 

Wales. — Nov.  13.  At  Carmarthen, 
aged  76,  Daniel  Lloyd,  esq.  of  La^ues, 
Carmarthenshire,  formerly  an  eminent 
solicitor,  and  one  of  the  Six  Clerks  in 
Chancery. 

A  or.  21.  At  Fishguard,  Pembroke- 
shire,  Charles  King  Rudge,  esq.  Captain 
ill  the  Worcester  Militia,  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Rudge,  h»D.t 
Archdeacon  of  Gloucester. 


Dec.  8.  At  Llangattock  Place,  Bre- 
conshire,  aged  65,  Frances,  relict  of  Ed- 
ward Morgan,  esq. 

Scotland. — Nov.  3.  At  Ardgowan, 
aged  4,  Eliza  Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Sir  M.  S.  Stewart,  Bart. 

Nov.  9.  Aged  75,  Sir  Francis  Gordon, 
of  Lismore,  Aberdeenshire,  Bart  of 
Nova  Scotia  (1625). 

Nov.  11.  Aged  67,  William  Gordon, 
esq. ,  of  Aberdour. 

Nov.  15.  At  Edinburgh,  Caroline 
Lucy,  the  wife  of  Thomas  Prendergast, 
esq.,  Madras  Civil  Service. 

Nov,  19.  George  Cole  Bainbridge, 
esq.,  of  Gattonside-house,  near  Melrose. 
JVbv.21.  At  Edinburgh,  James  Hamil- 
ton, M.D.,  formerly,  for  half  a  century, 
Professor  of  Midwifery  in  the  University 
of  Edinburgh. 

At  Dumfries,  John  Innes  Crawford^ 
esQ.,  late  of  Jamaica. 

IRELAND.  —  Lately.  At  Ardcotton, 
Sligo,  Harriette,  wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  N. 
Guinness,  Rector  of  BeUisodaire,  and 
only  daughter  of  Rear- Adm.  the  Hon.  W* 
Le  Poer  Trench.  She  was  married  in  1825. 
Dec.  2.  At  the  Observatorv,  Armaah, 
Mrs.  E.  Robinson,  wife  of  the  Rev.  T. 
R.  Robinson,  D.D.  Astronomer  of  that 
Observatory. 

Dee.  13.  Lieut.  James  Thompson, 
Adjutant  to  the  Cork  recruiting  district, 
who  hanged  himself  at  his  quarters.  He 
was  a  native  of  Truro,  and  a  temperate, 
amiable  man. 

Guernsey- — Nov,  28.  Aged  23,  Mr. 
Douglas  Cowper,  a  highty  talented  artist. 
East  lNDiE8.--«/tf/y  21.  At  Sea,  on 
his  vovage  home  from  India,  in  his  Sltt 
year,  Frederick  Wiltshire  Chapman,  esq. 
July  24.  At  Waltaire,  aged  6(X  Sarah, 
wife  of  Major- Gen.  Welsh,  commanding 
the  northern  division,  Madras  presidency. 
Atuf.  20.  At  Cabul,  Lieut.-Col.  Ro- 
bert Arnold,  of  her  Majestv*s  16th  Lan- 
cers. He  was  appointed  £fnsign  in  that 
regt.  1809,  Lieut.  1812,  was  wounded  at 
Badajos  (severelv),  and  at  Vittoria,  and 
was  present  at  Waterloo ;  was  promoted 
to  a  Company  1818,  Major  1825,  Lieot- 
Col.  1826. 

Aug,  28.  At  Berhampore,  Lieut.- Col* 
Arthur  Macfarlane,  43d  N.  Inf.  only 
surviving  son  of  the  late  Right  Rev. 
Bishop  Macfarlane,  N.B. 

Sept,  6.  Murdered  by  the  natives  it 
Hyder  Keel,  Col.  Herring,  of  the  37th 
N.  Inf.  He  was  escortinff  five  laci  of 
treasure  for  the  army  at  Cabul. 

Sept.  1 1.  Wm.  Robert  Deacon,  esq., 
surgeon  of  the  Bhoqj  Residency,  seoona 
son  of  Harrison  Deacon,  esq.,  of  Milton 
bouse,  Hants,  and  brother  to  Chas.  B. 
Deacon,  esq.  Southampton. 


110 


Obituary. 


[Jan. 


Oct,  9.  At  Kurnoul,  Capt.  W.  G.  I. 
Xewis,  45th  Madras  N.  I.  and  D.  S.  A. 
Gen.  to  the  Division,  eldest  son  of  Wil. 
liam  Lewis,  esq.,  late  of  Osnaburgh-st., 
Regent's  Park. 

Oct,  6.  At  Quettah,  Capt.  W.  Baring 
Gould,  Adjutant  42d  N.  Inf.  second  son 
of  W.  Baring  Gould,  esq.,  of  Lew  Tren- 
chard. 

Lately,  At  Trichinopoly,  Capt.  John 
Thomson,  aged  32^  of  tne  5th  regt.  Ma- 
dras N  I.,  son  of  Mrs.  Mitchell,  of  Bath. 

Off  Kedgree,  on  his  passage  to  the 
Cape,  aged  38,  Major  G.  N.  Prole,  of 
the  Bengal  Army. 

West  Indies. — Lately,  At  Barking 
Lodge,  Jamaica,  aged  35,  James  Dadley, 
esq.  of  Bath. 

Abroad. — May  12.  On  the  north- 
west coast  of  Australia,  while  engaged 
in  an  expedition  of  discovery,  aged  19, 
Frederic  Cook  Smith,  eldest  son  of 
Octavius  H.  Smith,  esq.  of  Thames 
Bank,  Westminster. 

June  3,  At  Manilla,  aged  22,  on  his 
return  from  Canton,  George,  second  son 
of  John  Woolley,  esq.  of  Beckenham. 

June  27.  At  Sydney,  New  South 
Wales,  aged  47,  Allan  Cunningham,  esq. 
whose  botanical  and  geographical  re- 
searches in  New  Holland  are  well  known 
to  the  scientific  world ;  and  to  him  we 
owe  many  of  the  beautiful  shrubs  that 
now  adorn  our  green-houses  and  conser- 
vatories. The  colonists  of  New  South 
Wales  are  also  much  indebted  to  his  ex- 
ertions for  discovering  and  pointing  out 
new  grazing-land,  on  which  their  flocks 
and  herds  are  spreading  throughout  that 
great  southern  land. 

July  12.  At  Cape  Coast,  Africa,  the 
widow  of  Joseph  Dawson,  esq.  formerly 
Governor  of  Cape  Coast  Castle ; — and  on 
the  2d  Sept,  at  the  same  place,  Robert 
Jackson,  esq.  merchant. 

Aug.  14.  At  Moka,  in  the  Mauritius, 
Sir  Robert  Barclay,  Bart,  formerly  Col- 
lector of  the  Internal  Revenues  in  that 
island. 

Aug.  29.  John  Frederick  Stoddart,  esq. 
First  Puisne  Judge  in  Ceylon,  son  of  Sir 
John  Stoddart,  lately  Chief  Judge  in 
Malta,  and  grandson,  by  his  mother,  of 
Sir  Henry  Moncrieff.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  High  School  of  £din . 
burgh  and  in  the  Universities  of  Edin- 
burgh and  Glasgow,  and  was  called  to 
the  Scotch  bar  in  1827.  In  1833  he  re- 
moved to  London  with  the  view  of  prac- 
tising at  the  English  bar,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  his  preparatoiy  studies  when,  in 
1836,  he  received  the  appointment  of  a 
Judge  in  Ceylon,  He  was  endowed  with 
intellectual  powers  of  high  order,  com- 


bining, in  a  remarkable  degree,  vigorous 
energy  with  subtlety  and  acuteness. 

Sept.  17.  At  the  Gambia,  coast  of 
Africa,  Major  William  Mackie,  K.H. 
Lieutenant-  Governor  of  the  Colony,  and 
late  of  the  88th  regt.  Major  Mackie  as- 
sumed the  government  of  the  British  set- 
tlements on  the  river  Gambia  aboat  the 
beginning  of  the  present  year,  and  con- 
tinned  to  enjoy  excellent  health  until  the 
7th  Sept.  last,  when  he  was  seised  with 
the  country  fever,  under  which  be  gudu- 
ally  sunk — another  victim  immola^  on 
the  shrine  of  that  pestilentiai  and  fatal 
shore. 

Sept.  28.  At  Chalons  sur  Saone,  on 
his  way  to  Nice,  Sir  James  FitzGerald, 
of  Wolseley-hall,  co.  Stafford,  and  Castle 
Ishen,  CO.  Cork,  the  seventh  Baronet 
(1644).  He  was  the  son  and  heir  of  Sir 
James  Fitz Gerald,  by  Bridget- Anne, 
daughter  of  Robert  Dalton,  of  Thomham 
hall,  CO.  Lancaster,  esq.  He  married, 
Sept.  27,  1826,  Augusta,  second  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Vice-Adm.  Sir  Thomas 
Francis  Fremantle,  K.C.B.  and  sister  to 
the  present  Sir  Thomas  Fremantle,  Bt. 
who  survives  him :  and  he  is  sacceeded 
by  a  son. 

Sept.  30.  At  Tripoli,  in  his  32d  year, 
Charles  Thornhill  Warrington,  esq.  late 
of  llth  dragoons,  third  son  of  Hanmer 
Warrington,  esq.  her  Majesty's  agent  and 
consul-general  at  Tripoli. 

Lately.  At  St.  rierre  les  Calais,  an 
exile  for  many  years,  arising  from  the 
law's  delays,  in  his  80th  year,  £.  Waters, 
esq.  formeriy  of  Alpha-lodge,  Regent's 
Park,  and  of  Roe-green,  Kingsbury,  Mid- 
dlesex. 

At  Montlembert,  near  Boulogne,  aged 
46,  Lieut.  James  Tuson,  R.N. 

At  Melun,  France,  Elizabeth,  widow 
of  Sir  C.  B.  Blunt,  of  Ringmer,  Sussex, 
K.M.T.  sister  to  Sir  C.  R.  Blunt,  Bart. 
She  was  the  5th  dau.  of  Sir  Charles-Wil- 
liam, the  3d  Bart,  by  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
Alderman  Peers,  and  sister  to  Sir  Richard 
Simons,  Bart,  and  was  the  second  wife 
of  her  cousin.  Sir  Charles  Burrell  Blunt« 

At  Louteaux,  France,  the  Marchioness 
de  Chabannes,  sister  of  the  late  Lady 
Radstock  and  Mrs.  Morier. 

Oct,  1.  At  Ostend,  a^  16,  Mar- 
garet, third  and  only  surviving  dau.  of 
William  Harvey,  esq.  and  grand-dau.  of 
the  late  Adm.  Sir  Henry  Harvey,  K.B. 
of  Walmer,  Kent. 

Oct,  3.  At  Leghorn,  Philip  Mago- 
vern,  esq.  M.D. 

In  Honduras,  Marshall  Bennett,  Esq. 
of  Appley-housc,  Isle  of  Wight 

Oct.  12.  At  Rotterdam,  aged  SO, 
Alexander  Loudon,  esq.  late  of  Java. 


1 840.]         BUI  of  MortalUy.'-'Markets.— Prices  of  Shares. 

Oct,  14.  At  Lisbon,  Louisa,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Robert  Farquharson,  of  Lang. 
ton«  Dorset. 

Oct,  16.  Suddenly,  at  Paris,  Marga- 
ret Penelope,  wife  of  Sir  Hugh  Hume 
Campbell,  of  Marchmont,  Bart.  M.P.  for 
CO.  Berwick.  She  was  the  youngest  dau. 
of  John  Spottiswoode  of  Spottiswoode, 
esq.  and  was  married  in  1834. 

Oct,  19.  At  Lisbon,  James  Jorge, 
esq.  second  son  of  John  Jorge,  esq.  of 
Upper  Montagu-st.  RusselUsq. 

Oct,  22.  At  Berlin,  Agnes,  wife  of 
William  Lawrence,  esq.  of  Brompton, 
Middlesex. 

Oct,  25.  In  Niagara,  John  Jordan, 
esq.  late  Capt.  66th  regt.  and  inspector 
of  the  Niagara  District. 


Ill 


Oct,  31.  At  Genoa,  Harriot- Ann, 
widow  of  Major- Gen.  Horace  Churchill. 

Nov.  3.  At  Lausanne,  where  he  had 
resided  upwards  of  forty  years,  aged  90, 
George  Hankin,  esq.  formerly  of  Stan- 
stead,  Essex.  Many  travellers  will  re- 
collect his  courtesy  and  hospitality. 

At  Homburg,  John  Joseph  Macbraire, 
esq.  of  Broadmeadows,  Tweedhill,  and 
Fiskwick. 

Nov.  5.  At  Paris,  Mrs.  Adelheid 
Goldschmidt,  relict  of  L.  A.  Goldschmidt, 
esq. 

Nov,  19.  At  Rotterdam,  Catharine, 
wife  of  S.  £.  Steward,  esq.  of  Leaming- 
ton. 

Dee,  11.  At  Dunkirk,  aged  68,  Lucy, 
relict  of  Elias  Ruppel,  esq.  of  Memel. 


Christened. 
Males      2391  \^r^ 
Females  2463/**** 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  Nov.  26  to.  Dec.  24,  1839. 


Buried. 
Males  2408 
Females  2439 


2  and  5  631 

5  and  10  251 

10  and  20  180 

20  and  30  353 

Whereofhavediedundertwo  years  old...  1397  pq  f  30  and  40  366 

40  and  50  488 


4847  I 


50  and 
60  and 
70  and 
80  and 


60  428 
70  413 
80  243 
90  90 


90  and  100   7 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  Dec.  2o. 

Peas. 
#•    d, 
U    3 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,    Dec.  20. 
Sussex  Pockets,  27.  Ot.  to  3/.  3t.— Kent  Pockets,  2/.  Ot .  to  61,  6f. 


Wheat 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

s,    d. 

i,     d. 

s,     d. 

/•     d. 

#.    d. 

67    4 

41     4 

25  10 

38    0 

45    5 

PRICE   OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Dec.  23. 
Hay,  3/.  5i.  to  47.  7#,— Straw,  17.  14i.  to  17.  I8i.— Clover,  47.  4*.  to  57.  15f.  Od. 
SMITHFIELD,  Dec.  23.     To  sink  the  Offal—per  stone  of  Slbs. 


Beef 3*. 

Mutton 4«. 

Veal 45. 

Pork 4*. 


4/7.  to  is.  id, 

Od,  to  5s.  2d, 

Od,  to  5s,  id. 

Od,  to  5s,  Od. 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Dec.  23. 

Beasts 862     C^ves     40 

Sheep 8750      Pigs      215 


COAL  MARKET,  Dec.  23. 
Walls  Ends,  from  20s,  Od.  to  24f.  6^.  per  ton.     Other  sorts  from  17#.  9d.  to  25f.  dd. 

TALLOW,  per  cwt.— Town  Tallow,  52s.  Od.     Yellow  Russia,  50i.  Od. 
CANDLES,  8#.  Od.  per  doz.     Moulds,  9s,  6/7. 


PRICES  OF  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Brothers,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 

23,  Change  Alley,  Comhill. 

Birmingham  "Canal,  219. Ellesmere  and    Chester,  81. Grand  Junction 

181. Kennet  and    Avon,  27. Leeds  and  Liverpool,  750. Regent's,    18 

Rochdale,  112. London  Dock  Stock,  65^. St.  Katharine's,  106. East 

and   West  India,  105 Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railwav,  183. Grand  Junc- 
tion Water  Works,  67|. West  Middlesex,  99. Globe  Insurance,    132. > 

Guardian,  35§. Hope,5i. Chartered  Gas,  571. Imperial  Gas,  54. 

Phcniix  Gas,  31. Independent  Gas,  50. General  United  Gas,  37. *  Canada 

Land  Coropimy,  28.-«— Revenionary  Intorett,  133. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  bt  W.CARY,  Strawi>. 
Fum  yovtmier  86,  U  Deetmber  S5,  1839,  ioA  tnt^uttve. 


fUirenheit's  Thenn. 


Fahrenheit'!  Therm. 


X       m 
m         n 


m 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS, 
From  Notemier  28  Co  December  2G,  1839,  both  imelMiee, 


3.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  Broker,  1,  Buk  BQtldings,  Cornbill, 

Ute  RicBABoaoN,  Gooolitce.  and  Abvull. 

J.  S.  XICHOU  Ana  MM,  iS,  **■"""■" -TfTTT 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

FEBRUARY,  1840. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONTENTS. 


PAOI 


Minor  Correspondence. — History  and  Works  of  John  Thorpe  the  Archi- 

tect—Dr.  Geldart— Nova  Scotia  Baronets— Birthplace  of  T.  Sutton,  &c.  &c.     1 14 

Jesse^s  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  England  under  the  Stuarts 115 

Shottesbrooke  Church,  Berkshire  (with  a  Plate) 1 33 

On  the  Polytheism  of  the  Britons,  and  Druidical  Remains  in  Yorkshire 134 

Generosity  of  M.  Descleiux — the  Coffee- tree  at  Martinique 136 

Extracts  from  Prof.  Jahn's  Historical  Essay  on  Germany 137 

Presumed  Plantagenet  Monuments  at  Sawbridgeworth — the  Leventhorpes 140 

Epitaph  at  Lavenham,  Suffolk,  142. — On  Keeping  Faith  with  Heretics 14^ 

Hallam's  Literary  History — the  earliest  Books  printed  in  Ireland 143 

On  the  Reception  of  the  Decrees  of  the  Council  of  Trent 146 

Fate  of  Ancient  MS.  Libraries — Durham — Rievaulx — St.  Augustine,  Canterbury  151 

Tooke*s  Diversions  of  Purley,  and  Richardson's  New  English  Dictionary 152 

Reports  of  the  French  Historical  Commission , 156 

On  the  Orthography  of  the  name  of  Shakspere 161 

Shakespeare's  Tempest  and  Lampedusa — Knight's  Pictorial  Shakspere. .......  166 

John  Webster  on  Shakespeare,  168. — Meaning  of  Official  Maces ik. 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 
Life  and  Correspondence  of  M.  S.  Lewis,  Esq.  169;  Tumbull's  Austria,  174  ; 
Malcolm's  Travels  in  South-Eastern  Asia,  175  ;  Agnew  on  the  Configura- 
tion of  the  Great  Pyramids  of  Gizeh,  176  ;  Wodderspoon's  Historic  Sites  of 
Suffolk,  177  ;  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature,  Vol.  II. 
Part  III.  181  ;  Reliquiae  Antiquae,  Part  III 192 

FINE  ARTS. 
Bourne's  Drawings  of  the  London  and  Birmingham  Railway,  187  ;  Panora- 
ma of  Versailles,  188  ;  Portraits  of  Her  Majesty  and  Prince  Albert,  8tc.  Sic.     188 

LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

New  Publications,  189  ;  Society  for  the  Publication  of  Ancient  Welsh  MSS. 
190;  Cambridge  University,  ib.  ;  Royal  Society,  ib, ;  Royal  Kensington 
Literary  and  ^cientific  Institution 191 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 

Society  of  Antiquaries,  191  ;  Roman  Buildings  in  South wark,  ib, ;  Roman 
Antiquities  of  Cirencester,  192 ;  Ruins  at  Vespa,  ib. ;  Greek  Monument. .         2 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 

Parliamentary  Proceedings,  193  ;  Foreign  News,  195. — Domestic  Occurrences     196 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  199. — Births,  200. — Marriages 20! 

OBITUARY;  with  Memoirs  of  Dr.  BuUer,  Bishop  of  Lichfield ;  SirT.  S.  M. 
Champneys,  Bart. ;  Adm.  Sir  Isaac  Coffin,  Bart. ;  Major-Gen.  Sir  A. 
CaldweU,  G.C.B. ;  Major  W.  Mackie,  K.H.  ;  Davies  Gilbert,  Esq. ;  H. 
P.  Hope,  Esq. ;  L.  C.  Daubuz,  Esq. ;  Francis  Const,  Esq. ;  Robert  Belt* 
Esq.  ;  William  Hilton,  Esq.  R. A. ;  Mr.  Joseph  Allen 203—214 

Deaths  arranged  in  Counties •  •  •  •     215 

Bill  of  Mortality — Markets — Prices  of  Shares,  223. — Meteorological  Diary — 

Stocks 224 

Embellished  with  Views  of  Shottesbrooke  Church,  Berkshire;  Framlingram  and 
WiNGFiBLD  Castles,  Suffolk ;  the  Pont  at  Shottb8brookI|  and  the  Monumental 
EiBgy  of  the  Poet  SummsT  at  Fhunlingham. 


114 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


An  Old  Subscriber  invites  our  cor- 
respondents to  investigate  the  history  of 
the  life  and  works  of  John  Thorpe,  **  who 
flourished  as  an  architect  of  much  cele- 
brity in  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth  and  James 
the  First  y  and  appears  from  a  book  of 
drawings  made  by  himself,  and  preserved 
in  the  Soane  Museum,  to  have  been  con- 
cerned in  erecting  or  altering  most  of  the 
principal  mansions  in  this  country.     This 
curious   volume^  which  contains  nearly 
280  original  plans  or  elevations  of  differ- 
ent buildings,  has  recently  excited  consi- 
derable attention,  and  furnished  Mr.  C. 
J.  Richardson  with  several  subjects  for 
his  splendid  work  on  Elizabethan  Archi- 
tecture.   Thorpe's  Book  was  formerly  in 
the  library  at  Warwick  Castle,  and  may 
probably  have  been  given  by  the  noble 
owner  to  his  brother,  the  Hon.  Clugrles 
Greville,  after  whose  death  it  was  pur- 
chased at  an  auction  of  his  effects  for  ^l. 
by  Sir  John  Soane.    When  it  is  mention- 
ed, that  amongst  the  plans  or  designs  we 
find  Burleigh,  Wollerton,  Hatfield,  Buck- 
hurst,  Holland  House,  and  Audley  End, 
besides  many  other  great  mansions,  since 
demolished,  no  doubt  can  be  entertained 
of  the  estimation  which  Thorpe  enjoyed  in 
his  day ;  still,  in  three  or  four  modern 
works,  are  to  found  only  meagre  notices 
of  him,  evidently  copied  one  from  another. 
It  has  been   asserted  confidently,    that 
John  of    Padua  and  John  Thorpe  were 
the  same  persons,  perhaps,  from  its  being 
obvious  that  they  had  both  studied  archi- 
tecture in   Italy.     But  as   the  name  of 
John  of  Padua,  occurs  in  1544,  when  he 
was  Devizour  of  his  Mqjesiiet  works,  and 
received  two  shillings  per  day  for  his  pains, 
it  seems  almost  impossible  that  he  could 
have  been  engaged  extensively  in  building 
80  late  as  1600,  the  date  of  some  of  the 
designs  ip  the  book  before  quoted,  and  at 
which  time  he  must  have  numbered  eighty 
years.     Nevertheless,  (adds  our  Corres- 
pondent),  I  do  not  despair  of  obtaining 
some  particulars  of  his  history,  as  it  seems 
more  than  probable,  that  in  the  books  of 
accounts  said  to  exist  at  Hatfield,  and  in 
other  great  houses  built  by  Thorpe,  some 
origin^  letters  or  notices  of  the  architect 
hinuelft  may  have  been  preserved,  not  to 
mention  the  chance  of  finding  such  docu- 
ments vfk  the  British  Museum  or  Bodleian 
Library." 

The  late  Dr.  Geldart,  (p.  102,)  was 
never  fellow  of  Trinity  HaU.  He  was 
originally  of  Trinity  College,  and  took  his 
degree  of  B.A.  in  1783,  and  M.A.  in 
1^09.  He  afterwards  became  a  member 
of  Trinity  Hall,  and  was  so  at  the  time  he 


took  his  degree  of  LL.D.  which  was  in 
1818,  and  not  in  1814.  The  mistake  ori- 
ginated from  confounding  the  deceased 
with  his  son  Dr.  James  William  Geldart, 
Regius  Professor  of  Civil  Law,  who  was 
fellow  of  Trinity  Hall,  and  graduated  as 
LL.D.  in  1814. 

The  Mrs.  Mortlock  whose  death  is  re- 
corded at  p.  106,  was  not  related  to  the 
bankers  of  Cambridge  of  the  same  name. 
She  was  a  person  in  very  humble  circum- 
stances. 

T.  S.  remarks,  on  the  question  of  Nova 
Scotia  Baronets,  **  Surely  it  is  a  mistake 
to  consider  the  Nova  Scotia  Baronetage  a 
Scotch  honour,  any  more  than  the  ISa* 
ronetage  of  Ulster  an  Irish  honour.  It 
seems  to  me  they  were  both  created  to  the 
same  honour,  whether  nominally  appro- 
nriated  to  one  settlement  or  another.  The 
Nova  Scotia  Baronets  were  by  no  means 
confined  to  Scotchmen,  or  even  Scotch 
connections,  and  I  have  frequently  re- 
gretted that  the  Baronetages  do  not  com- 
prehend their  descents." 

B.  remarks  that,  in  the  account  of  the 
revered  Thomas  Sutton,  the  Founder  of 
the  Charter-house,  in  our  number  for  April 
last,  it  is  stated  that  he  was  born  at  Snaith^ 
in  Lincolnshire.  Snaith  is  in  Yorkshire ; 
and  on  a  recent  visit  to  the  Charter-house, 
I  find  the  word  spelled  Ktutitk  on  his 
monument,  and  I  have  no  doubt  it  is  the 
town  of  that  name  not  far  from  Gains- 
borough. His  usual  phice  of  residence 
was  Castle  Camps,  near  Linton  in  Cam- 
bridgeshire. 

Aaa.  having  made  several  futile  attempts 
to  discover  the  source  whence  the  motto 
long  since  adopted  by  tjjie  University  of 
Cambridge  is  derived,  requests  any  of 
our  correspondents  to  inform  him  in  what 
author  the  line 

'*  Hinc  lucem  haurire  est  et  pocuU  sacra.'* 

is  to  be  found. 

6.  K.  writes :  **  Perhaps  my  query  con* 
ceming  the  words,  Vox  et  preterea  nlbili 
may  be  answered  by  finding  the  iSsble  of 
the  Fox  and  Nightingale  alluded  to  by 
Luther,  as  quoted  in  one  of  the  late  num- 
bers of  the  Edmburgh  Review.  Where 
is  to  be  found  the  line, 

**  When  Greek  meets  Greek  then  comes 
the  tug  of  war  ?*' 

I  am  pretty  sure  it  is  not  in  either  Vwi^  or 
Odyssey. 

Viator  inquires  for  the  Armorial 
Bearings  of  the  pious  Mr.  Nelion,  the 
author  of  **  The  Featte  aadibtlifab.** 

P.  613,  /or  GaiMbgTO^m<€Wf. 
borouch, 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S     MAGAZINE 


Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  England  during  the  reign  of  the  Stuarts*    By 

John  Heneage  Jesse.  2  vols.  Svo. 

IT  might  perhaps  be  considered  as  a  sign  that  sufficient  information  has 
been  afforded  on  any  given  subject,  and  that  the  capacious  vessel  oT 
the  Press  is  full,  when  we  find  volumes  composed,  not  for  the  purpose 
of  disclosing  new  facts,  or  drawing  from  the  original  springs  and  sources 
of  knowledge  -,  but  rather  to  arrange  what  has  been  already  given  in  a 
nore  commodious  form,  to  dispose  the  arguments  and  facts  in  a  more 
popular  and  pleasing  view,  and  to  adorn  the  massive  and  majestic  structure 
of  truth  with  the  gems  and  spangles  of  modem  eloquence.  AVhen  works 
of  this  nature  are  required  by  the  public  mind,  it  is  a  sign  that  we  have 
passed  the  useful  necessities  of  literature,  and  entered  into  its  luxuries. 
Undoubtedly  a  marked  distinction  should  be  carefully  preserved  between 
narratives  of  events,  and  histories  of  character  that  are  derived  from  ori- 
ginal sources,  and  those  that  are  merely  composed  of  lower  and  tributary 
streams.  '*  Qui  audiunt,  audita  dicunt  ^  qui  vident,  plane  sciunt;**  and 
yet,  when  materials  sufficiently  ample  are  collected,  and  "  when  the  stuff 
18  sufficient  for  all  the  work  to  make  it  ;*'*  it  may  be  of  advantage  to 
model  it  anew,  to  combine,  as  by  an  ingenious  mosaick,  the  scattered 
beauties  of  the  original,  and  to  set  them  in  a  frame  of  elegance  and 
splendor  suited  to  modern  taste.  In  every  age  the  books  of  former  times 
share  somewhat  the  fate  of  former  almanacks — to  live,  they  must  be  accom- 
modated to  the  present  taste.  Thoughts,  as  well  as  words,  grow  obsolete 
and  strange,  and  want  burnishing  and  new- setting  to  make  them  bright 
and  perspicuous.  In  these  our  days,  when  literature  is  about  as  extensive 
as  life,  the  truth  of  this  statement  will  be  peculiarly  acknowledged  ;  for 
it  is  an  age,  when  reading  is  liked,  but  study  avoided.  Men  want  the 
richest  fruit  to  be  shaken  from  the  boughs^  and  drop  into  their  laps, 
without  the  toil  of  gathering  for  themselves.  There  has,  therefore,  arisen 
a  demand  for  a  class  of  authors,  whose  business  it  is  "  to  bolt  the  floor 
from  the  bran,"  to  convert  grim-looking  folios  into  smiling  duodecimos ; 
to  give  conclusions  without  the  premises,  and  the  brilliancy  of  results 
without  the  toil  of  experiments.  Tlie  "beauties**  of  authors  are 
separated  from  their  works,  forgetting  that  the  very  flower  of  that  beaaty 
depends  for  its  splendour  and  perfection,  on  its  remaining  in  its  original 
bed,  surrounded  with  congenial  colours,  and  adorned  and  supported  by  its 
parent  stem. 

However,  every  kind  of  work  has  its  own  merit  and  reward:  so  these 
abridgements  of  literature  in  their  various  branches  may  be  useful,  either  in 
combining  the  scattered  rays  of  information, — in  correcting  one  writer's  opi- 
nion by  measuring  it  with  the  rule  of  another, — in  marking  out  each  guiding 
landmark  or  pharos  of  historical  truth, — or  in  condensing  the  somewhat 
formal  and  sententious  methods  of  verbal  composition,  in  which  our  ances- 
tors, men  of  leisure  and  learning,  somewhat  too  much  indulged.  Duly  to 
understand  the  times  of  the  civil  wars>  one  must  stand  by  the  loom  itself^  in 


*  Exodus,  c.  xxxtL  t.  7. 


1 1 6  Jesse's  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  the  Stuarts,  |_Feb. 

which  '*  the  sisters"  were  weaving  the  fatal  winding- sheet  of  Charles's  des- 
tiny;  one  must  have  "  ample  room  and  verge  enough,"  to  read  the  characters 
there  described  :  in  plainer  words,  it  would  be  absolutely  necessary  for  the 
student  of  this  eventful  page  of  history  to  make  himself  acquainted  with 
the  Collections  of  Rushworth  and  Whitlock,  not  only  to  read  Clarendon, 
but  May,  and  Ludlow,  and  Walker ;  to  peruse  the  letters  of  Strafford, 
and  those  in  the  Cabala,  and  many  a  ponderous  life  of  those  '*  who  were  of 
great  renown,  wise  and  eloquent,  deep  in  learning,  and  sage  in  council  -,'* 
he  must  study  the  Lives  of  Archbishops  AVilliams,  and  Usher,  and  Laud, 
(noble  dishes  from  the  chaplain's  table  ;)  and,  reading  these,  he  will 
drink  of  the  fountain  head,  and  collect  his  knowledge  with  all  the  fresh- 
ness of  the  early  dew  upon  it.*  He  will  converse  not  only  with  books, 
but  with  far  better  companions — the  breathing  volume  of  mankind  }  and 
he  will  be  taught  by  the  lips  of  those  who  themselves  had  been  partakers 
of  the  noble  achievements  they  described  -,  who  had  heard  the  trumpet  of 
battle  bray  for  victory,  or  who  had  listened  in  sorrow  to  its  wailings  for 
defeat  5  who  had  sate  at  the  council-board,  mournfully  looking  on  ^'  that  grey 
discrowned  head,"  and  discoursing  of  gubernative  wisdom,  and  safe  and 
politic  device ;  or  with  those,  the  more  thoughtful  few,  who,  when  the 
strife  of  war  was  closed,  with  the  pious  hand  of  grateful  affection  hung  up 
the  banner  to  wave  over  the  shrine,  where  loyalty  and  valour,  after  its  in- 
effectual struggle,  lay  entombed.  '^  Thus,  when  a  renowned  man  is 
departed — his  last  sun  set,  the  worthy  deeds  of  his  life  may  yet  shine  in 
our  horizon,  as  it  were  by  repercussion,  in  the  memory  of  after-times, 
even  with  a  longer  day  than  any — nay,  than  all— that  went  before." t 

To  all  who  are  willing  to  believe  that  a  *'  great  book  is  a  great  evil," 
and  who  would  recoil  from  the  labour  of  such  a  research  as  we  have 
pointed  out,  we  recommend  the  pleasing  and  elegant  volumes  now  before 
us ;  and  they  are  not  slightly  to  be  recommended,  as  being  free  from  all  the 
violence  of  party  prejudice  which  appears  in  such  a  fantastic  and  distorted 
shape  in  the  pages  of  Hume,  which  has  given  to  the  writings  of  Macaulay 
and  Godwin,  and  others,  the  character  of  political  pamphlets,  and 
which  has  in  later  times  thrown  such  a  false  and  painful  light  on  the  nar- 
rative of  Lingard.  Mr.  Jesse  appears  to  have  formed  sound  constitutional 
principles,  which  he  defends  without  acrimony,  and  extols  without  exag- 
geration. 

His  researches  into  the  historical  documents  of  the  times  hate  been  ex- 
tensive and  accurate,  though  he  has  drawn  little  or  nothing  from  manuscript 
authorities :  generally  speaking,  his  style  is  not  only  correct,  but  elegant,  and 
his  sentences  harmonious.  In  the  choice  of  his  subject,  he  has  been  also  for- 
tunate ;  for  he  has  depicted  the  most  important  if  not  most  brilliant  epoch 
of  English  history,  in  whicli  the  greatest  energies  were  displayed  in  the  most 
fearful  conflict  of  human  passions,  and  in  which  the  most  awful  righfts  were 
contested,  the  most  commanding  duties  obeyed,  and  the  noblest  as  well 
as  the  bravest  passions  were  striving  for  the  mastery.  Tlie  age  of  rea- 
soning and  knowledge  had  come,  but  the  splendour  of  chivalrons  and 
heroic  deeds  had  not  expired.  Never  did  England  possess  soldiers  better 
breathed  in  war  or  better  disciplined ;  nobles  more  loyal,  generous,  and 
accomplished ;  churchmen  more  grave,  learned,  and  devout  5  statesmen 
more  politic  and  wise  3  and  a  people  so  wealthy  as  to  support,  on  the  two 

*  There  are  one  or  two  interesting  Letters  from  Bp.  Warburton  to  Hard,  oa  the 
histories  of  the  Civil  Wars,  and  on  their  merits.  See  Correspondence,  p«  141,  146,  &c« 
f  See  Hacket's  Life  of  Abp.  Williams,  p.  2, 


1 840.]  Jesse's  Memoin  of  the  Court  of  the  Stuarts.  1 1 7 

pillars  of  agriculture  and  commerce,  the  profuse  expenditure  of  a  lavish  sove- 
reign, and  the  sumptuous  amusements  of  a  magnificent  court.  Here  too 
the  thoughtful  moralist  may  >iew^  yet  perhaps  too  darkly,  too  plaintively 
drawn,  the  uncertainty  of  fortune,  and  the  strange  mutability  of  the  life  of 
man.  This  is  one  certainly  of  the  ^' Magna  sortis  humans  volumina**' 
The  deepest  contrasts  are  crowded  into  the  narrowest  spaces ;  and  one 
may  watch  the  pencil  of  the  historian,  as  he  is  drawing  the  forms  of  the 
personages  of  his  tale,  now  dipt  in  the  sudden  brilliancy  of  their  noontide 
light,  and  now  dark  with  the  prophetic  shadows  of  their  strange  and 
awful  decline.^  Then,  if  at  any  time,  the  colours  of  poetical  fiction  were 
beheld  on  the  historical  canvas  ;  for  then,  in  the  midst  of  the  festive  boards 
strange  visages  of  terror  might  be  seen  ;  and,  silencing  the  voice  of  revelry 
and  mirth,  the  fearful  step  of  the  avenging  Nemesis  be  heard  approaching* 
Then  came  the  day  of"  blackness  and  utter  darkness." 

"  Then  every  thing  includes  itself  in  power, 
Power  into  will,  will  into  appetite, 
And  appetite,  (an  universal  wolf, 
So  doubly  seconded  with  wHl,  and  power) 
Must  make  perforce  an  universal  prey. 
And  last,  eat  up  himself. "f 

Mr.  Jesse  has  modestly  given  to  his  volumes  the  title  of  Memoirs,  a 
word  of  meaning  so  little  limited,  that  it  may  take  from  the  provinces  of 
biography  or  history  what  is  suited  to  its  purpose,  so  that  what  is  appro- 
priated, seem  to  throw  light  upon  the  character  that  is  drawn.  Perhaps, 
under  the  article  of  Charles  the  First  he  has  approached  too  closely  to 
the  limits  of  history,  and  somewhat  deviated  from  his  title.  However 
that  may  be,  one  advantage  is  recognised  in  the  plan  he  has  laid  down ; 
that  many  characters,  like  that  of  the  Countess  of  Carlisle  and  others,  may 
be  drawn  at  full  length,  that  would  be  passed  over  with  a  careless  and 
oblique  view  in  the  historical  narrative ;  and  history  too,  in  its  anxiety  to 
refer  great  events  to  causes  worthy  of  them,  overlooks  the  insignificant  cir- 
cumstances which  arc  the  real  levers  that  move  and  govern  the  whole.  The 
caution  to  be  observed  in  such  works,  is  to  use  all  circumspection  that  the 
anecdotes  are  true,  that  they  have  not  been  too  easily  received,  too 
carelessly  interpreted,  and  too  incorrectly  viewed  -,  that,  culled  from  the  pages 
of  history,  like  gems  taken  from  the  matrix  in  which  they  lay,  they  are  not 
distorted  and  made  inconsistent  with  the  general  and  larger  narrative  to 
wliich  they  belong  -,  and  lastly,  it  will  require  a  caution  and  judgment  in 
deciding,  whether  they  cast  such  a  steady  and  strong  light  as  enables  us  ac* 
curately  to  read  the  characters  that  arc  written  on  the  heart  of  man,  or 
whether  they  throw  out  false  and  delusive  fires,  that  glitter  only  to  mislead. 
No  book  requires  to  be  more  severely  and  zealously  watched  than  a  book  of 
anecdotes.  To  condense  a  great  deal  of  knowledge  and  observation  in  a  short 
compass  is  highly  gratifying  to  the  mind,  it  looks  like  a  superior  kind 
of  wisdom — yet  to  produce  the  effects,  how  often  is  truth  sacrificed  !  We 
have,  however,  observed,  that  from  all  such  imputations  Mr.  Jesse  is  free. 
He  seems  to  possess  a  very  candid  and  honourable  love  of  truth,  and  as  we 
pass  through  his  rich  gallery  of  historic  statues,  the  clKovas  efiij/vj^ovB, 
the  breathing  images  of  his  illustrious  statesmen  and  warriors,  we  shall 

*  On  the  presentiment  of  Buckingham,  some  time  previoua  to  hif  aiMMinttioDt  of 
his  appalling  death,  see  ilacket's  Life  of  Williama. 
t  Troilos  and  Crcftida,  act  i.  ic.  3, 


1 1 8  Jesse's  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  the  Stuarts,  [Feb. 

cursorily  mark  the  passages  which  have  most  impressed  us  with  their 
excellence,  or  which  call  upon  us  for  observation. 

In  Chap.  III.  the  facts  relating  to  the  Gowrie  conspiracy  are  well  and 
accurately  detailed )  but  no  new  light  is  thrown  on  this  very  mysterious 
occurrence,  and  the  reader's  curiosity  is  rather  tantalized  than  satisfied, 
by  being  informed  that  "  the  curious  evidence  recently  brought  forward  by 
Pitcairn  in  the  Criminal  Trials  is  supposed  by  many  to  have  set  the  ques- 
tion at  rest.'*  Surely,  Mr.  Jesse  might  have  found  room  to  have  given  us 
at  least  a  brief  summary  of  its  principal  heads. 

Chap.  VI.  Mr.  Jesse  has  rightly  defended  the  learning  of  James  from  the 
imputation  of  being  mere  pedantry.*  We  will  give  him  the  opinion  of 
one  both  able  and  willing  to  judge  soundly  on  this  point.  Isaac  Casaubon, 
writing  to  Thuanus,  says,  of  his  first  interview  with  James,  '*  Vidi  enim 
tandem  et  praesens  veneratus  sum  serenissimum  et  yaXrivoTarov  ovt&s 
regem  ilium,  cujus  de  laudibus  quicquid  dixero,  minus  erit.  Est  ita  com- 
paratum  natura,  ut  de  magnis  principibus  multa  fingat  fama,  et  si  quae  illis 
insunt  bona,  veris  falsa  affingens,  in  majus  extoUat.  Ego  vero  Magnse 
Britanniae  regem,  ut  veni,  ut  vidi,  et  de  rebus  diversis  disserentem  audivi, 
majorem  famSl  su£L  inveni,  et  quotidie  magis  raagisque  invenio  j  crede  mihi, 
amplissime  Thuane,  nihil  hodie  sol  videt  hoc  principe  humanius,  nihil  be- 
nignius,  nihil  literarum  ct  omnis  virtutis  amantius.  Adde  eruditionem, 
quae  vel  in  privato  homine  ad  verae  laudis  adeptionem  poterat  sufficere  ; 
in  rege  autem  tanto,  hisce  praesertim  temporibus,  magni  si  quid  judico, 
instar  miraculi  queat  censeri.  Quid  nunc  coramemorem  ingens  illud 
studium  veri  in  omni  re,  et  amorera  omnium  qui  in  codem  studio  ducuntur  ? 
Omitto  de  ingenio,  memoria,  et  singulari  facundia,  etiam  in  sermone 
Gallico  plura  commemorare."  Again  he  writes,  "  Fruor  amore  hujus  regis 
Bane  optimi,  et  multo  dodioris  quam  plurique  existimant,  Scito  hoc  magno 
rege  nihil  ne  iingi  quidam  posse  probius,  aut  humanius.  Literas  super 
iidem  hominum  amat  3  judicat  de  scriptis  et  veterum  et  recentiorum  ut  vir 
dociissimus,  non  ut  rex  maximus.  Etsi  occupatissimus  est,  et  nullam  par- 
tem officii  sui  praetermittit,  libris  tamen  carcre  non  potest.  Ad  mensam 
illius  videns  semper  episcopos  insigni  doctrina  viros,  qui  de  Uteris  disserant, 
aut  regem  audiunt  disserentem,  hoc  multis  videtur  novum  spectaculum," 
&c.  "  Were  I  not  a  king,"  said  James,  **  on  visiting  the  Bodleian  Library, 
I  would  wish  to  be  an  University  man."t 

At  p.  114  Mr.  Jesse,  alluding  to  a  proclamation  of  James  on  the  ob- 
servance of  the  Sabbath,  thus  expresses  himself : 


•  It  is  very  easy  to  call  learning  by  the  name  of  pedantry  ;  and  thus  the  blockhead 
and  the  sciolist  believe  that  they  are  raising  themselves  by  depressing  their  superiors. 
Old  Bentley  observed  this,  and,  alluding  to  the  scholar's  fate,  said 

Instead  of  learned,  he  *s  call'd  pcdknt. 
Dunces  advanced,  he 's  left  behind. 

But  the  most  able  men  about  the  court,  saw  and  bore  witness  to  James's  natural 
talents.  Bishop  Racket  says,  '•  Not  any  line  of  wisdom  or  learning  could  be  lost  to 
him,  who  saw  as  far  and  as  soon  as  any  man  into  the  intellectuals  of  another.'*  And 
Bacon  wrote,  **  His  majesty  had  a  light  of  nature  which  had  such  readiness  to  take 
flame  and  bla2e  from  the  least  occasion  presented,  on  the  least  spark  of  another's 
knowledge  delivered,  as  was  to  be  admired." 

t  The  above  anecdote  reminds  us  of  our  being  in  the  library  of  University  College, 
Oxford,  when  the  late  W.  Windham,  then  staying  at  Oxford,  visited  it,  it  being  the 
library  of  the  college  to  which  he  had  belonged.  He  took  down  from  the  shelres  a 
folio  Folybiu0|  wd  tamiDg  over  the  leaves  and  k)okiD|;  into  it  he  nod,  **  I  dont  know 


1840.]  Jesse's  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  the  Stuarts. 

''  One  act  of  James's  life  can  never  be  logical  discusrion,  as  to  the  pr 

sufficiently  commended.    Daring  the  pro-  servance  of  the  Lord's  Day,  thert 

gresses  made  through  his  kingdom,  he  had  «few  who  will  deny  to  James  the  re 

noticed  the  pernicious  effects  which    a  which   he    deserved    on    this    < 

punctual  observance  of  the  Sabbath  was  Surely  that  monarch  stands  higL 

producing  on  the  health  and  happiness  of  the  thrones  of  the  earth,  who  i 

the  lower  classes  of  his  subjects.    With  turns  from  his  own  pomps  and  va 

the  certainty  that  religious  bigotry  would  ^  the  sufferings  and  discomforts  of  t 

be  everywhere  arrayed  against  him,  he  and  unprotected ;    and  who  rea 

issued  a  proclamation  that,  after  Divine  counters  obloquy  and  discontent  in 

Service,  his  subjects  should  be  allowed  to  throw  a  gleam  qf  sunshine  on  tht, 

indulge  in  all  legitimate  sports  and  amuse-  shadows  of  human  wretchedness,** 
ments.    Without  entering  into  any  theo- 

Now  this  is  a  very  well- expressed  and  eloquent  commonplace  in 
of  royal  clemency,  but  it  is  surely  far  too  strong  for  the  occasii 
many  dioceses  the  proclamation  was  not  read.     Some  of  the 
would  not  read  it.     *'  They  lost  all  for  fear,  they  were  so  terrifiea  w 
Many  of  the  most  sound  and  orthodox  belief,"  says  Heylin,  "  were 
pclled  to  abandon  their  livings,  father  than  to  submit  to  it."     And  \ 
it  was  carried  into  effect,  it  produced  many  grave  abuses,  and  was  attew 
with  much  scandal.     It  was  preaching  the  Gospel  in  SLfooVs  coat,     0 
thing  is  quite  certain,  that  if  the  seventh  day  may  be  devoted  to  sports  ; 
pastimes,  and  the  other  six  be  engrossed  by  labour  and  toil,  the  improve-  , 
ment  of  piety  and  the  cultivation  of  feelings  of  religion  and  duty  will  find 
little  room  for  their  growth.     The  difficult  point  is  to  make  the  praotioal 
division  between  recreation  and  revelr}^ ;  much  is  wisely  left  by  our  pre- 
sent law  to  the  moral  judgment  and  conscientious  feelings  of  the  commu- 
nity ;  and  in  matters  like  these,  the  law  may  safely  wait  for  the  guidance 
of  opinion  ;  if  we  may  judge  of  King  James's  countrymen  by  their  practice, 
we  must  say  that  they  do  not  appear  to  feel  the  grievance  of  their  old  re- 
straints, or  to  avail  themselves  of  the  more  tolerant  decree  of  the  new  law.* 

At  p.  126  we  find  a  well-written  chapter  on  the  character  of  Anne  of 
Denmark.  Mr.  Jesse,  p.  130,  says,  Anne  was  a  bigoted  Catholic,  a 
fact  not  generally  dwelt  upon  by  historians.  It  is  strange  that  H.  Wal- 
pole  should  have  been  long  ignorant  of  this  important  circumstance. 
Speaking  of  the  Bacon  papers  he  says,  **  There  is  one  most  extraordinary 
passage  entirely  overlooked,  and  yet  of  great  consequence  to  explain  the 
misfortunes  into  which  her  descendants  afterwards  fell.  The  Pope  sends 
her  beads  and  reliqucs,  and  thanks  her  for  not  communicating  with  heretics 
at  her  coronation,*'  Sully,  however,  wks  not  only  acquainted  with  the  fact, 
but  evidently  dreaded  her  influence  as  regarded  the  predominancy  of  the 
Spanish  interest,  and  the  advancement  of  the  Roman  Catholic  religion  ; 
but  hear  what  Bishop  W^^illiams  the  Lord  Keeper  said  to  the  French  ambas- 
sador on  the  demand  for  a  liberal  toleration  of  the  Roman  priests,  who  were 
to  accompany  Henrietta  :  "  You  urge  such  a  moveable  favour  might  be 
done  to  gratify  the  sweet  Madame,  our  intended  Princess,  upon  the  marriage. 


whether  I  did  wisely  or  well  for  my  happineSs  in  leaving  these  tranquil  and  delightful 
studies  for  the  din  of  politics — the  clangor  Tubarum — and  the  troubles  of  a  states- 
man's life."  He  was  one  of  the  few  men  who  could  join  the  two  lives  ;  but,  indeed, 
our  greatest  statesmen  have  been  also  our  best  scholars,  as  Pitt,  Fox,  Wellesley,  Wind- 
ham, Grenville,  Canning,  &c. 

*  Compare  on  this  subject,  Wilson's  Life  of  James,  p.  105  ;  Heylin's  Life  of  Laud 
pp.  17,  77,  78,  135,  257,  295,  309.   The  games  allowed  were  "  dancing,  archery,  leap- 
ing, vaulting,  May-games,  Whitsun-ales,  morris-dances,  setting  up  May-poles."  Th« 
petition  for  these  came  from  the  people  of  Lancashire,    Yet  Calvin  was  opposed  to 
the  *•  gross  and  carnal  iuperstition  of  the  Sabbaiarians.'^'^See  Institut.  2.  c.  8,  §  34, 


120  Jesse*s  Memoirs  oftlie  Court  of  the  Stuarts,  [Feb. 

O  my  Lord  !  you  are  driven  by  blind  mariners  upon  a  rock.  If  ibis  could 
be  granted  by  the  King,  which  you  contend  for,  and  were  effected,  sweet 
lady,  she  would  be  brought  in  the  curses  of  this  nation,  and  would  repent 
the  day  she  drew  the  offence  of  the  whole  land  upon  her  head.  Let  me 
say,  on  the  husband's  part,  what  your  countryman  Ausonius  says,  for  the 
wife, '  sspe  in  conjugiis  fit  noxia,  si  nimia  est  dos/  If  the  Prince  should 
make  a  jointure  to  his  wife  out  of  the  tears  and  sorrows  of  his  people,  it 
were  the  worst  bargain  that  ever  he  made.  His  Majesty's  consort  of  happy 
memory,  Queen  Anne,  did  not  altogether  accord  with  cur  Church ;  indeed 
the  diversity  between  us  and  the  Lutherans,  among  whom  she  was  bred,  is  as 
little  as  between  scarlet  and  crimson ;  the  colours  are  almost  of  the  same 
dip;  but  she  carried  it  so  prudently,  that  she  gave  no  notice  of  any  dis- 
sension. Neither  ever  did  demand  to  have  a  chaplain  about  her  of  the 
Lutheran  ordination.  This  was  a  precedent  for  the  most  illustrious  Madam 
to  follow,**  &c.*  It  appears  that  a  comet  did  this  Queen  the  honour  of  ap- 
pearing previous  to  her  death,  which  forms  the  subject  of  a  poem  in  Greek 
Iambics  in  the  Parerga  of  Alexander  Gill,  (Milton's  schoolmaster)  p.  5, 
and  which  closes  thus, 

ANNH2  Qav6v(n]s,  Tcipa  betKvvei,  on 

OvbeiS  KOfJLTITTJS  OffTlS  6v  KCLKOV  <lt€p€l,'\' 

As  regards  the  subject  of  Prince  Henry's  death,  Mr.  Jesse  has,  with  his 
usual  good  judgment,  expressed  his  disbelief  that  it  was  owing  to  poison. 
To  any  one  who  calmly  and  dispassionately  reads  the  account  of  his  pre- 
vious illness,  his  time  of  life  peculiarly  susceptible  of  constitutional 
changes,  his  imprudent  conduct  after  the  malady  had  displayed  itself,  in 
long  journeys  on  horseback  and  violent  exercise,  and,  perhaps,  the  unskilful 
treatment  of  his  physicians  (for  the  knowledge  of  medicine  was  at  that 
time  most  imperfect) ,  these  causes  will  appear  to  him  quite  sufficient  to 
account  for  the  fatal  termination  of  the  complaint,  and  the  death  of  this 
accomplished  prince  and  hopeful  heir  of  England's  crown.  |  Isaac  Casau- 
bon  was  in  England  at  the  time,  and  in  his  leanied  and  interesting  corre- 
spondence, there  are  several  allusions  to  Prince  Henry's  illness  and  death, 
but  not  the  most  distant  hint  is  given  of  its  having  been  produced  by  the 
dreadful  crime  alluded  to.  As  these  letters  have,  so  far  as  we  know,  never 
been  brought  into  English  history,  we  shall  extract  one  or  two  passages, 
especially  as  they  tend  strongly  to  confirm  the  favourable  opinion  enter- 
tained of  Henry's  opening  life,  and  afford  an  additional  testimony  to  the 
value  of  his  character.  **  Ereptus  erat  morte  inopinata,  (nam  morbus  con- 
temnabaiurj  princeps  illustrissimus  bonis  piisque   omnibus    charissimus. 


•  See  Hacket'g  Life  of  Abp.  WUliams,  fol.  p.  221. 

t  There  are  several  poems  on  different  members  of  the  royal  family  in  this  little 
volume  of  Giirs.    Milton,  in  his  Eleg.  Tert.  v.  9,  has  this  couplet, 

"  Tunc  memini  clarique  duett jfratritque  verendi, 
Intempestivis  ossa  cremata  rogis." 
These  two  chiefs  were  the  counts  Mantfieldf  and  Brunswick ;  Gill  mentions  them 
aUo  together  in  his  epitaph  on  C.  Tilly. 

<<  Quern  nee  Mans/eliut,  quern  nee  Brunnonius  heros, 
Arma  nee  annonmi  quern  domu^re  decem.'' 
T.  Warton  might  have  cited  this  passage  from  Gill  when  he  explained  the  allusion 
of  Milton. 

X  Mr.  Keightley  says  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  the  real  cause  of  Henry's  death,  vis. 
a  fever.  V.  History,  vol.  ii.  p.  S94.  A  medical  friend  whom  we  have  coniulted,  layi, 
the  description  of  the  symptoms  answer  to  those  which  accompany  pktMHi. 


1840.] 


Jesse's  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  the  Stuarts. 


121 


regni  hujus  spes  longe  maxima.  Puto  tc,  cum  hie  eras  (Casaubon  is  writ- 
ing to  his  friend  Jaeobus  Capellus)  vultum  illius  contemplatum  esse  ut 
rccordari  etiamnum  queas.  Non  potes  igitur  ignorare  quae  esset  de  illo 
principe  expectatio  omnium  qui  viderant.  Studia  et  mores  cum  vultu  con- 
seutiebant.  Praecipue  autem  rods  deofrefSeis  in  spem  erigebat  magnam,pietas 
singularis  quae  in  illo  emincbat.  Audivi  pro  condone  affirmantem  ministrum 
ante  annum,  inslitutionem  Calvini  tantd  diligeniid  fuisse  ipsi  lectum  ut  pane 
totam  memorid  ieneret,  quod  eo  erat  notabilius,  quia,  Pallade  relicta,  Martem 
assidue  colebat^  In  another  letter  to  Michael  Piccart,  he  dwells  on 
Prince  Henry's  respect  and  dutiful  conduct  .to  his  father,  a  point  of  no  little 
importance  in  the  question.  **  Scito,  mi  Piccarte,  iis  virtutibus  rov  /xa- 
Kaptrijv  fuisse  praeditum,  ut  satis  certiori  jactura  non  possit,  quam  res- 
publica  Christiana  (non  enim  dicam  hoc  reguum)  in  ejus  morte  fecit. 
Nemo  ilium  serio  contemplatus  est,  qui  spem  ingentcm  de  co  non  conce- 
perit ;  ad  res  gerendas  factus  a  natura  videbatur,  et  in  morte  apparuit  consilia 
ilium  volutsse  omnino  annis  majora . .  Pietas  et  reterentia  Kai  tybiaderos 
TTopyi)  xl/vffiKi)  erga  optimum  parenteminfactis  dictisquc  omnibus  eminebant^ 
Quae  paucissimorum  principum  laus  est,  ut  seriisint^  et  rerum  curtB  attendant^ 
illi  erat  €fi(pvroy,  ut  si  cui  unqoam  fuit,"  Sic.  How  could  poison,  ive  may 
say,  pass  such  lips  as  these,  and  still  retain  its  venom  r 

Isaac  Casaubon  seems  to  have  been  most  deeply  grieved  by  the  death  of 
the  prince,  and  to  have  poured  out  his  sorrows  for  the  loss  whidi  he  sus-^ 
tained,  to  almost  all  his  friends.  To  J.  Rutgert^ius,  that  he  could  not  answer 
his  letters  before,  he  excuses  himself,  **  Animoad  scribendum  vacuo  non  sum* 
qucm  totum  occupat  dolor  davixatnoK  (ktos  a  morte  illustr.  Principis  Walliae, 
quern  mors  inopinata  nobis  ante  diem  tcrtium  adcmit.  Desidcrabunt 
amissuni  Principem  omnes,  qui  virtutes  illius  et  pictatcm  admirandam 
iiorant.  Amisit  cnim  Anglia  Principem,  de  cnjiis  praestantia  quicquid 
rlixero,  minus  erit.  Ccrtabant  in  eo  corporis  et  animi  dotes.  Nemo  ilium 
vidit  prudens,  quin  imperio  natam  indolem  sit  admiratus.  In  juvenili  aetate 
nihil  ccrnnens  juvenile,  pietas  singularis,  amor  et  revet entia  erga  pattern 
non  nffectata  ;  ceterarum  maximarum  nrtutum  concursus  etiam 
hostis  aniorem  |)otenint  elicere.  Nunctantus  Princeps  vi  mortis  confectns 
jacct."  To  Daniel  Heinsius  he  says,  8j)caking  of  Prince  Henry,  "  Corpus 
ita  fir  mum,  ut  longirntatem  nierito  illi  sponderes,  hie  tantus  Princeps 
paucorum  dierum  morbo  terris  ereptns  est.'*t  ^o  perished  one,  who  was 
singularly  accomplished 


(i 


>iii  letters,  arms, 


Fair  mien,  dUcounict),  civil  exercise!*, 
And  all  the  blazon  of  a  gentleman." 

In    his  account  of  Thomas   Sackville,  Earl  of  Dorset,  Mr.  Jesse  has 
hardly  done  justice  to  his  poetical  genius.     He  says  (p.  231), 


"He  wrote  several  |)oeni9,  besides 
being,  urith  Thomas  Norton,  the  joint 
author  of  Gorboduc,  the  first  respectable 
tragrdy  in  the  English  language.  It  was 
artr<l  bv  the  (ientlemen  of  the  Inner 
Temple  before  the  Queen,  at  Whitehall, 
•m  IHth  Jan.  l^rJI.  This  play,  notwith- 
standing   its    acknowledged    merit,    was 


singularly  scarce  within  the  century  after 
it  was  written,  Shakspeare's  glorious  plays 
and  Jonson*s  cxrpii.Nitc  masques  haTin|^ 
annihilated  common  genius.  Dryden  and 
Oldham,  in  thi^  succeeding  age,  amused 
themselves  wirii  ridiculing  Dorset's  dra- 
miiti*!  efforfs,  which,  however,  it  is  proved 
they   could   never  have   read,    for  each 


*  See  ••  Broad  Stone  of  Honor,"  p.  4()(i.     Moschi  Idyll,  iii.  v.  111. 
t  See  Caiauboni  Epistolc,  ed.  Almelovccn,  foliot  p.  006-9,  ct  ed.  Grtevii,  4tOt 
p.  940,  956. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII.  R 


1  i2  Jesse*!  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  the  Stuarts .  [Feb. 

of  them  speaks  of  Gorboduc  as  a  woman,  freedom  from  bombast  which  was  the  great 

This  tragedy  is  reprinted  in  the  last  edition  fault  of  our  early    tragic    writers.    He 

of  Dodsley's  Old  Plays.  Pope  was  a  great  styles  him  the  best  poet  between  Chancer 

admirer  of  Lord  Dorset's  muse,  and  does  and  Spenser.*' 
credit  to  the  purity  of  his  style,  and  that 

Now,  on  this  passage  we  have  to  observe,  firstly,  that  Mr.  Jesse  should 
not  have  passed  over  M.  Sackville*s  Induction,  in  the  "  Mirror  of  Magis- 
trates,'* without  most  honourable  mention  of  it  -,  for  truly,  as  Dr.  Drake 
observed,  "  Sackville  stands  pre-eminent  and  apart ;  the  author  of  a  poem 
which,  for  strength  and  distinctness  of  imagery,  is  almost  unrivalled.*'  * 
Let  us  hear  the  opinion,  also,  of  a  judicious  and  acute  critic  :    "  The  In- 
duction,*' says  Mr.  Hallam,t  **  displays  best  Sackville's   poetical  genins  : 
it  is  like  much  earlier  poetry,  a  representation  of  allegorical  personages, 
but  with  a  fertility  of  imagination,  vividness  of  description,  and  strength  of 
language,  which  not  only  leave  his  predecessors  far  behind,  but  may  fairly 
be  compared  with  some  of  the  most  poetical  passages  of  Spenser.    *   ^    * 
Sackville  is  far  above  the  frigid  eloquence  of  Surrey ;  and  in  the  first  days 
of  the  virgin  reign,  is  the  herald  of  that  splendour  in   which  it  was  to 
close.'*    Of  Gorboduc  the   same  critic  observes, — "  the  characters  are 
clearly  drawn  and  consistently  sustained,  the  political  maxims  grave  and 
profound,  the  language  not  glowing  or  passionate,  but  vigorous  ;  and,  upon 
the  whole,  it  is  evidently  the  work  of  a  powerful  mind,  though  in  a  less 
poetical  mood  than  was  displayed  in  the  Induction  to  the  Mirror  of  Magis- 
trates,'* &c.  j     Mr.  Jesse's  account  of  Dryden's  and  Oldham's  Mistake  is 
taken  from  Spence's  Preface  (p.  vii.),  who  mentions  also  one  of  A.  Wood, 
who  says  this  play  was  written  in  old  English  rhyme.  Pope  printed  an  edition 
of  this  tragedy  in  1 736,  to  which  Spence  wrote  a  preface ;  but  it  is  an  edition 
of  no  value,  being  printed  from  the  republication  of  a  spurious  copy,  pub- 
lished without  consent  of  the  author.    In  the  same  imperfect  manner  it 
appeared  in  Dodsley's  Old  Plays,  but  corrected  by  Reed.  §    Coxeter  in- 
tended to  give  a  more  correct  edition,  with  Sackville's  other  poetical 
works,  his  life  and  a  glossary.     With  regard  to  the  dates  of  the  genuine 
and  surreptitious  editions,  there  seems  some  uncertainty.    Percy,  in  his 
Reliques,  (vol.  i.  p.  134,)  says,  *'  This  play  seems  to  have  been  first  printed 
under  the  name  of  Gorboduc,  then  under  that  of  Ferrex  and  Porrex  in 
1569t  and  again  under  Gorboduc,  1590."     Ames  calls  the  first  ed.  4to. ; 
Langbaine,  8vo. ;  Tanner,  12rao. — See  Ames,  p.  31 G.     The  Biog.  Dra- 
matica  says — "  Ferrex  and  Porrex,  T.  8vo.  no  date.     It  had  before  been 
surreptitiously  printed  under  the  title  of  Gorboduc,  black  letter.  ||  " 

The  circumstances  connected  with  the  death  of  Overbury  are  as  mys- 
terious as  they  are  most  interesting.  That  there  was  some  dreadfully 
disgraceful  secret,  in  which  James  was  intimately  connected,  in  this  affair, 

♦  See  also  Warton's  Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry,  vol.  iii.  p.  209 ;  Censure  Literaria, 
vol.  iii.  p.  i.  149 ;  Wartonon  Spenser,  ii.  p.  108. 

t  See  Hallam's  Intr.  to  the  Literature  of  Europe,  vol.  ii.  p.  304. 

X  Warton  does  not  believe  that  Sackville  had  the  assistance  of  Norton  in  this 
tragedy ;  but  Mr.  Collier  supports  Norton's  claim  to  the  three  first  acts,  which  would 
much  reduce  Sackville's  glory.    See  Ann.  ii.  481,  and  Warton's  Eng.  Poetry,  iv.  194. 

§  See  Atterbury's  Works,  vol.  ii.  p.  37.  See  Pope's  Letters,  ed.  Curl^vol.  i.  p.  98, 
on  this  play. 


Hazlitt's  Letters  on  Dram.  Literature,  p.  40—46  ;  and  Quarterly  Review,  No.  xcii. 
p.  600.  Nor  should  Campbell's  Specimens  of  Engl.  Poets  be  overlooked  for  a  cha- 
racter of  this  noble  poet.  Vol.  ii.  p.  137,  he  says,  "  the  Induction  rttemUes  a  bold 
and  gloomy  landscape,  on  which  the  sun  never  shines.*' 


J 
/ 


1840.]  Jesse's  Memoin  of  the  Court  of  the  Stuarts.  123 

we  have  no  doubt ;  but  we  dare  not  even  hint  oar  opinion.    We  find  from 
Mr.  Jesse  (p.  265)  that  the  late  Charles  Fox  entertained  a  project  of 
inquiring  into  the  circumstances  of  Somerset*s  crime.     In  a  letter  to  Lord 
Lauderdale  he  writes — ''  I  recollect  that  the  impression  on  my  mind  was, 
that  there  was  more  reason  than  is  generally  allowed  for  suspecting  that 
Prince  Henry  was  poisoned  by  Somerset,  and  that  the  King  knew  o^  t^ 
after  the  fact,**     Mr.  Jesse  has  brought  together  and  arranged  the  Ucts 
and  arguments  of  this  most  intricate  and  perplexed  question  with  fulness 
and  impartiality.     It  is  a  very  dark  page  of  history,  and  contains  in  itself 
a  memorable  instance  of  retributive  justice^  and  of  guilty  passions  proving 
their  own  tormentors.*     I'here  is  a  note^  unnoticed  by  Mr.  Jesse^  on  the 
mysterious  subject  of  Sir  T.  Overbury,  in  Mr.  Hallam's   Constitutional 
History  (vol.  i.  p.  479-81.)     Th^  threats  and  insolence  of  Somerset,  and 
the  terror  of  the  Kiug,  show  some  secret  not  known.     Compare  Carte's 
History^   vol.  iv.  p.  33-4;  Winwoodj  vol.  iii.  p.  4 1 0 ;  Somers*  Tracts, 
vol.  ii. — Sir  C.  Cornwaliis;  Welden*s  Memoirs,  p.   115;    Archeologia, 
vol.  xviii.  4 ;  Bacon's  Works,  vol.  ii.  p.  514,  4to.     Mr.  Hallam  r€(ject9 
the  murder  of  Prince  Henry,  but  does  not  suggest  any  other  cause.    Now 
supposing,  in  accordance  with  his  opinion,  this  cause  removed,  it  is  neces- 
sary to  seek  another ;  we  ask,  therefore,  could  it  concern  any  design  on 
the  Qjueen  ?    It  is  singular  that  in  this  King's  history  there  are  two  cir* 
cumstances,   both  connected  with   the  greatest  crimes — the  murder  of 
Overbury  and  the  Gowrie  conspiracy — that  seem  to  baffle  all  explanation. 
But  we  will  make  a  few  miscellaneous  extracts  from  oar  notes  on  this  sub- 
ject.    '^  It  does  not  appear  quite  clearly  how  the  murder  of  Overbury  was 
first  discovered.     The  account  generally  believed  is,  that  some  letters  fell 
into  Wiuwood's  hands  when  resident  in  Holland,  which  satisfied  him  that 
Overbury  had  been  murdered,  and  induced  him  to  prosecute  an  inquiry.'* 
(See  Nott's  cd.  of  Lord  Surrey,  vol.  i.  p.  484.)     *'  D*£wes  says  that 
(>verbury  had  been  charged  with  having  proposed  to  poison  Prince  Henry, 
and  that  himself  having  perished  by  poison  was  considered  as  a  judgment 
upon  him  from   Heaven.*'     (Ibid.  p.   487.)     We   find   in   Sir   Oeoi]g« 
RadcIifTe's  I^etters  (p.  lO.*!)  the  following  passage  :     "  There  hath  been  a 
great  adoc  about  the  poisouinge  of  a  gentleman  in  the  Tower  ;  one  is  haiiged» 
another  fled,  some  examined,  and  divers  imprisoned,  but  small  certainty  is 
yet  knowne.     It  is  confidently  reported  that  the  Earlc  of  Somerset  is  tent 
to  the  Tower  '  yesterday  night.' "  t    There  is  still  another  conjecture  which 
we  venture  to  propose,  believing,  as  wc  do,  that  the  field  of  history  is 
still  open,  and  that  the  truth  has  not  been  discovered  :  Supposing  that 
Mr.  Harris's  supposition  is  not  received,  (v.  Life  of  James  I.)  of  the  fear  the 
King  had  of  crimes  being  divulged,  which  we  cannot  even  hint  at  without 
shame ;  supposing  all  connected  with  Prince  Henry's  death  removed  from 
the  historical  canvas  >  supposing,  lastly,  that  we  should,  without  sufficieot 
caose  have  hinted  at  some  designs  against  the  Qaeen  \  then,  and  not  till 
then,  we  venture  to  suggest  ti  licther  the  King  might  not  have  been  privy 
to  a  design  which  appears  to  have   been  formed,  of  taking  away  Lord 

*  See  a  floe  poetical  paisai^  in  Va).  FUccus  (Argon,  iii.  387,)  where  the  iphits  of 
those  who  have  died  by  a  Tiolent  and  unjust  death  are  allowed  to  pass  from  Tartantt 
•faia  to  earth,  and  onw  qf  the  FurieM  tent  at  their  companumt  to  torment  and  affri^ 
their  mordertrs. 

— ^  Comes  una  loromm 
Additar,  et  pariter  terras  atque  «qaora  histrant. 
Qttisqna  suoa  sontes,  inimieaque  pectora  poenis 
Implleat ;  et  TariA  meritos  formiiUiio  paliaat. 
t  Sm  ea  this  sal^eel  NieMs's  Ftogrssies  of  Jamee  L  and  Mr.  ChaMbsrlab's 
LiCtfrs,  part  L  p.  4S,  Ac. 


124  Jesse's  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  the  Stuarts.  [Feb. 

Essex  s  life,  in  order  to  enable  the  Countess  to  marry  Somerset,  Mr. 
Chamberlain  writes — **  There  was  a  speech  of  a  divorce  to  be  prosecuted 
this  term  betwixt  the  Earl  of  Essex  and  his  lady,  and  to  that  end  he  was 
content  to  confess  (whether  true  or  feigned)  insufl&ciency  in  himself;  but 
there  happened  an  accident  that  much  altered  the  case ;  for  she,  having 
sought  out  a  certain  wise  woman,  had  much  conference  with  her ;  and 
she,  after  the  nature  of  such  creatures,  drawing  much  money  from  her,  at 
last  cozened  her  of  a  jewell  of  great  value,  for  which  being  apprehended 
and  clapt  up,  she  accused  the  lady  of  divers  strange  questions  and  projects  -, 
and  in  conclusion,  that  she  dealt  with  her  for  the  making  away  of  her  lord, 
as  aiming  at  another  mark ;  upon  which  scandal  and  slander  the  Lord 
Chamberlain  (Somerset)  and  his  friends  think  it  not  fit  to  proceed  with 
the  divorce.'*  Now  this  was  written  mpre  than  four  months  before  the 
poisoning  of  Overbury,  seven  months  before  the  marriage  of  the  Earl  of 
Somerset,  and  no  less  than  three  entire  years  before  all  these  machinations 
were  exposed  to  the  world.  Mr.  Nichols  remarks — *'  that  the  scandal  was 
silenced  at  this  time  by  the  Countess  and  her  guilty  paramour ;  yet  it  seems 
wonderful  that  even  the  powerful  influence  of  the  favourite  s'nould  have 
been  stifficient  to  suppress  the  public  rumours  ;'*  but  '*  close  to  the  regal 
chair,"  during  these  three  years,  sate  the  twin  Furies,  fear  and  shame ; 
and  if  this  was  in  truth  the  "  damned  spot  of  blood  "  that  we  have  been 
seeking,  no  doubt  all  the  power  of  the  Crown  and  its  minions  was  exerted 
to  conceal  it.  Language  must  want  a  meaning,  and  the  passions  and  conduct 
of  men  can  no  longer  be  the  authentic  interpreters  of  their  thoughts^  if 
some  terrible  secret,  some  unrevealed  crime,  was  not  shaking  the  bosom 
of  the  guilty  King,  and  frightening  his  mind  *'  from  its  propriety  "  by 
the  prospect  of  detection.  Some  intolerable  wrong  had  been  done  :  what 
it  was,  perhaps,  will  now  never  be  disclosed ;  but  we  think  that  it  lies 
within  the  circle  of  the  suppositions  which  we  have  made.  The  times 
were  indeed  calamitous  and  sad :  *  impurity  and  dishonour,  and  all  sensual 
lusts  and  desires  and  vanities  were  holding  their  guilty  revel  in  their  luxarions 
chambers,  soon  to  be  the  abode  of  darkness,  and  the  prison  of  suffering  and 
woe.  **  Quid  memorem  infandas  caedes  ?  "  The  degradation  of  the  times 
polluted  even  its  literature,  so  that  it  is  difficult  for  the  most  impartial 
mind,  in  this  reign,  to  separate  truth  and  falsehood,  as  they  are  thrown 
together  in  the  virulent  and  base  party  pamphlets  of  the  time,  which 
are  now  the  necessary,  but  unworthy,  materials  of  our  history.  Would 
any  man  of  sense,  of  feeling,  or  of  honour,  believe  what  Sir  S.  D'Ewcs 
relates  of  Sir  F.  Bacon  ? 


-''  Pudet  hsec  opprobria  nobis 


Et  dici  potuisse,  et  non  potuisse  refelli." 
We  will  now  favour  Mr.  Jesse  with  the  names  of  one  or  two  contempo- 
rary treatises  on  the  subject,  which  we  possess,  and  of  which,  probably, 
he  never  heard  : — 1.  **The  bloody  downfallof  Adultery,  Murder,  and  Am- 
bition, presented  in  a  black  scene  of  God's  just  judgments,  in  revenge  of 
innocent  blood  lately  shed  in  this  kingdom ;  to  which  are  added,  Mistress 
Turner's  last  teares  for  the  murder  of  Sir  T.  Overbury,  who  was  poysoned 
in  the  Tower."  This  small  book  is  in  verse,  with  a  jwrtrait  of  Mrs.  Tur- 
ner, and  bears  no  date.  2.  *'  Niccol's  Richard,  Sir  T.  Overburies  Vision 
with  the  ghoasts  of  Weston,  Mrs.  Turner,  the  late  Lieftenant  of  the 

*  On  these  degraded  and  wretched  times ;  compare  Wilson's  Life  of  James,  p. 
146  ;  Parr's  Life  of  Usher,  p.  397  ;  Sanderson's  History  of  James,  p.  412.  To  give 
an  idea  of  the  middle  ranks,  generally  esteemed  most  correct,  the  account  of  the 
"  citiaens'  wives  "  in  the  comedies  of  the  age  is  quite  sufllcicnt.— Sec  Wharton's 
Life  of  Laud;  p.  183. 


J  840.]  Jesse's  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  the  Stuarts,  125 

Tower,  and  Franklin.*'  1616.  This  is  also  a  poem  of  great  rarity  ;  the 
author  of  it  was  the  same  person  who|con tinned  the  Mirror  for  Magistrates 
in  1610.  A.  Wood  has  not  mentioned  this  among  his  works.  There  is  a 
poem  on  the  death  of  Overburie,  in  Pieces  of  Ancient  Poetry,  4to.  p.  21, 
Bristol.  '*  There  was  an  old  lad,"  &c.  Also  an  Elegy  on  Sir  T.  Over- 
bury'a  prison  in  the  Tower,  in  W.  Brown's  MSS.  Poems,  4to.  p.  Ill,  ed. 
Brydges.  We  shall  only  add  that,  Mr.  Jesse  being  himself  a  poet,  might 
in  duty  have  thrown  a  few  of  the  flowers  upon  Overbury's  grave,  *  which 
had  blossomed  under  the  purer  sunshine  of  his  early  life ;  it  would  not 
have  been  descending  below  the  dignity  of  history,  for  ly  woirjfiaeri,  says 
Plutarch,  irpostpiXorroipiiTeoy, 

In  the  Life  of  William  Herbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  (vol.  i.  p.  317,)  Mr. 
Jesse  might  have  added  to  the  interest  of  his  narrative,  as  well, 
perhaps,  as  have  more  fully  pourtrayed  the  early  character  of  the  nobleman, 
had  he  informed  his  readers  of  the  curious  discovery,  made  not  long  since, 
that  it  was  to  this  person  to  whom,  under  the  initial  letters  of  W.  H. 
the  Sonnets  of  Shakspeare  were  inscribed,  as  *'  the  only  begetter"  of  them. 
The  hypothesis,  as  Mr .  Hallam  observes,  is  not  strictly  proved,  but  suffi- 
ciently so  to  demand  our  assent ;  and  it  is  the  only  hypothesis  that  has 
been  made,  that  can  at  all  relieve  these  very  extraordinary  productions  of 
our  greatest  poet,  of  some  of  the  mystery  which  hangs  over  expressions  of 
passion  most  equivocally  expressed,  and  of  devotedness  and  idolatry  so  in- 
tensely displayed,  as  far  to  surpass  all  the  natural  and  intelligible  feelings 
of  the  mind.  What  can  be  the  meaning  of  language  addressed  "  to  some 
unknown  youth,"  so  rapturous,  so  intensely  passionate,  that  Mr.  Cole- 
ridge's impression  was  **  that  they  could  only  have  come  from  a  man  deeply 
in  love,  and  in  love  with  a  woman  }  "  View  them  in  the  most  favourable 
light,  and  yet  we  must  agree  with  Mr.  Hallam,  "  that  it  is  impossible  not 
to  wish  that  Shakspeare  had  never  written  them.  There  is  a  weakness 
and  folly  in  all  excessive  and  misplaced  affection,  which  is  not  redeemed 
by  the  touches  of  nobler  sentiments  that  abound  in  this  long  series  of 
sonnets."  All  that  can  be  said  in  their  favour,  is  well  expressed  by  the 
same  writer.f  **  If  we  seize  a  clue  which  innumerable  passages  give  us, 
and  suppose  that  they  allude  to  a  youth  of  high  rank,  as  well  as  personal 
beauty  and  accomplishment,  in  whose  favour  and  intimacy,  according  to 
the  base  prejudices  of  the  world,  a  player  and  a  poet — though  he  were  the 
author  of  Macbeth — might  be  thought  honoured  ;  something  of  the  strange- 
ness, as  it  appears  to  us,  of  Shakspeare's  humiliation  in  addressing  himaa 
a  being  before  whose  feet  he  crouched,  whose  frown  he  feared,  whose 
injuries,  and  those  of  the  most  insulting  kind,  the  seduction  of  the  mistress 
to  whom  we  have  alluded,  he  felt  and  bewailed,  without  resenting— some- 
thing, we  say,  of  the  strangeness  of  this  humiliation — and  it  is  at  best  but 
a  little — may  be  lightened,  and  in  a  certain  sense  rendered  intelligible." 
When  Mr.  Jesse  speaks  of  this  nobleman,  **  as  standing  a  superior  being 
among  the  buffoons  and  sycophants  of  the  court  of  James  ;  among  them^ 
but  not  of  them  ;  "  (p.  317 ; )  we  arc  constrained  to  add  a  note,  not  mncb 

*  We  take  thu  opportanitj  of  saying,  that  the  last  edition  of  Overbury,  1753,  (the 
tenth,)  has  omitted  lome  things  which  are  to  be  found  in  the  edition  of  1638,  as, 
I.  Ad  Comitissam  Rutlandic  ;  2.  Paradoxes  ;  3.  Receipts  ;  4.  The  Mountebank's 
Song. 

It  is  strange  that  "  Overbury,*'  was  overlooked  bv  Mr.  Ellis  in  his  specimens. 
That  Tery  scarce  poem,  **  The  Husbande,*'  1614,  (of  which  only  one  copy  is  known,) 
with  commendatory  verses  by  B.  Jonson,  (not  in  his  works,)  was  suggested  by  Over* 
ury»g  •*  Wife." 

t  See  HtUuB's  Intr.  to  Lit.  vol.  ill.  p.  503.  :   :  ...... 


126  Jesse's  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  the  Stuarts.  [Feb. 

in  harmony  with  the  text,  from  the  writer  whom  we  have  just  quoted,  and 
say,  that  "  proofs  of  the  low  moral  character  of  Mr.  W.  H.  are  con- 
tinual." 

We  could  have  wished  that  Mr.  Jesse  had  allowed  himself  more  ample 
room  in  his  account  of  "  that  great  secretary  of  nature,  Francis  Bacon  ;*' 
for  his  Memoirs  of  the  *'  wisest  of  mankind/'  are  scarcely  more  copious  that 
those  of  *'  Archie,  the  court  fool."  He  is  also  surely  wrong  in  calling  him 
*'  Lord  Bacon/'  a  title  he  never  had  5  and  also  at  p.  363,  there  is  an 
error  :  it  was  not  to  Lord  Bacon,  but  to  his  father  Sir  Nicholas  Bacoui  that 
Queen  Elizabeth  made  the  observation  on  his  house,  which  was  at  Gorham- 
bury  and  not  Redgrave,  Suffolk.  It  is  a  curious  fact,  that  a  few  years  ago, 
the  fine  monument  and  statue  of  white  marble,  erected  over  him  in  St. 
Michael's  Church,  St.  Alban's,  was  stolen  in  the  night,  carried  out  of  the 
chancel  window,  and  found  the  next  morning  lying  broken  in  the  church- 
yard :  it  is  supposed  that  the  sacrilegious  robber  found  its  weight  too 
great  to  be  removed  without  discovery. 

In  his  account  of  the  discovery  of  the  burial  place  of  Charles  the  F^rst 
(vol.  ii.  p.  198)  Mr.  Jesse  has  transcribed  part  of  the  well  written  narrative 
drawn  up  by  Sir  Henry  Halford,  to  which  we  here  allude,  on  account  of  the 
following  passage  :  "  The  left  eye  in  the  first  moment  of  discovery  VH»t  opsn 
and  fully  though  it  vanished  almost  immediately.'*  As  this  most  interesting 
and  curious  circumstance  had  made  an  impression  on  our  minds  from  the 
time  we  first  read  the  narrative,  we  spoke  of  it  a  few  months  ago  to  the 
very  respectable  and  intelligent  person  who  shows  St.  George's  Chapel  to 
visitors,  who  assured  us  repeatedly  and  emphatically,  that  he  was  present 
during  the  whole  disinterment,  that  he  saw  distinctly  and  watched  carefully 
everything  that  occurred,  and  that  the  eye  of  the  dead  King,  over  which 
the  shadows  of  death  had  passed  two  centuries  ago,  was  not  again  open 
with  the  semblance  and  mockery  of  life.  M^c  say  this  with  every  wish  to 
avoid  giving  offence,  but  thinking  it  may  lead  to  the  discovery  of  the  truth, 
on  which  ever  side  it  may  be  found,  on  this  singularly  interesting  point. 

Mr.  Jesse  speaks  (vol.  ii.  p.  216)  *'of  the  reputed  loveliness  of  Henrietta, 
which,  notwithstanding  the  exquisite  portraits  of  Vandyck,  and  the  enthu- 
siasm of  the  contemporary  poets,  has  been  occasionally  disputed.**  We  will 
give  him  a  good  authority  on  this  subject,  not  quoted  before  : — **  Cette  Prin- 
cesse,"  says  Mad.  dc  Mottcville,  "  ^tait  fort  defigur^e  par  la  grandeur  de  sa 
maladie,  et  des  ses  malheurs,  et  n'avoit  plus  gu^re  de  marqucr  de  sa  beauts 
pass^.  Elle  avoit  les  yeux  beaux,  le  teint  admirable,  etle  nez  bien  fait.  II  y 
avoit  dans  son  visage  quelquc  chose  de  si  agreablc  qu'elle  se  faisoit  aimer 
de  tout  le  monde.  Mais  elle  etoit  maigre  et  petite :  elle  avoU  mime  la  taille 
gates,  et  sa  bouche,  qui  naturellement  n'^toit  pas  belle,  par  la  maigreur  desan 
visage,  itoit  devenue  grande,  J'ai  vu  dc  ses  portraits,  qui  etx)ient  faits  du 
temps  de  sa  beauts,  qui  montroient  qu'elle  avoit  ^t^  fort  aimable, 
et  comme  sa  beauts  n'avoit  dur6e  que  Tespace  du  matin,  et  favoit  quiit^ 
avant  son  midi;  elle  avoit  accoutum^  dc  maintenir,  que  lesfemmesnepeuvsnt 
plus  lire  belles  passe  tringt'deux  ans.'^*  The  same  authority  informs  us  that 
her  misfortunes  had  so  overwhelmed  her,  and  her  mind  was  so  penetrated 
with  the  sorrows  of  her  situation,  that  she  was  always  in  tears.  Her  intel- 
lect was  so  shaken,  that  one  day  saying  to  her  physician,  **  she  feared  she 
should  lose  her  reason,'* — "  fear  not.  Madam/'  he  said,  ''  you  have  already 
lost  it.*'  '' Vous  n'avez  que  faire  de  le  craindre^  Madame,  vous  I'etes  d^jk" 
Does  Mr.  Jesse  know  of  that  curious  document,  the  account  of  tht 
civil  wars  and  revolution,  taken  from  the  recital  of  Henrietta,  and  printed 

^     f :  ^  M^oirea  de  M.  de  MotteriUey  t.  i.  p.  S90. 


1 840.]  Jesse's  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  the  Stuarts,  127 

in  Madame  Motteville's  Memoirs  ?  How  much  Cardinal  Richelieu  was  im- 
plicated iu  fomenting  our  troubles,  is  there  shown  :  see  also  Heylin's  Life 
of  Laud  (p.  3\i6),  Mad.  de  Mottevillc  saw  Henrietta  the  day  after  she 
heard  the  news  of  Charleses  death,  and  the  account  she  gives  of  the 
interview  is  most  affecting.  She  said  she  had  lost  "  un  roi,  un  mari,  un 
ami/*  her  king,  her  husband,  and  her  friend,  and  she  wondered  how  she 
could  still  live.  From  living  so  long  in  England,  it  was  observed  that  she 
had  lost  the  correctness  and  purity  of  her  French  style  and  pronunciation. 
Mr.  Jesse  has  given  a  very  fair  and  judicious  character  of  Lord  Falk- 
land (vol.  ii.  p.  412  ;)  but  as  the  anecdotes  which  he  has  collected,  have 
been  well  known  to  the  reader  of  history,  he  would  have  added  much  in* 
tercst  and  some  novelty  to  his  sketch,  if  he  had  entered  into  the  subject 
of  the  poetical  character  and  talents  of  Lord  Falkland.  A  few  years  since 
to^  collected  his  poems,  from  many  scarce  and  obscure  volumes  in  which 
they  were  dispersed,  and  printed  them  in  three  or  four  successive  numbers 
of  this  Magazine.*  They  are  well  worthy  of  his  high  reputation,  and 
should  find  their  way  into  the  general  collection  of  the  English  Poets.  The 
late  Sir  Egerton  Brydges  expressed  his  thanks  to  us  for  our  labours,  which 
he  was  pleased  to  esteem,  and  to  think  that  we  had  made  a  grateful  offeriilg 
to  the  patriot's  tomb,  when  we  led  the  Muses  from  the  battle-field— > 

ojrXa  yap  i\Qpwv 
KapTTOvs  'Etpi/vijs  avT€oibai,€  Tpiipeiy, 

Had  Mr.  Jesse  thought  fit,  he  might  have  enriched  his  life  of  SucktiDg 

with  many  entertaining  pieces  of  humour  and  satire,  which  are  not  noticed 

in  the  ordinary  biographies  and  accounts  of  the  poet.     Did  Mr.  Jesse 

ever  see  a  scarce  pamphlet — "  Letter  sent  from  Sir  John  Suckling  from 

France,  deploring  his  sad  Estate  and  Flight,  '*  1 64 1  ?     The  pasquinade  on 

Sir  T.  Suckling  begins 

'*  Goe,  doleful!  iheete,  to  every  streete 
Of  London  round  about-a ; 
And  tell  'urn  all  thy  master's  fall 
That  live  bravely  mought-a.'* 

It  is  further  valuable  as  proving  that  Sir  J.  Suckling  was  living  in  Paris 
June  If),  1641;  whereas  modem  writers,  among  whom  is  Mr.  Jesse, 
place  his  death  in  May  1641.  As  regards  Suckling's  plays,  we  take  the 
opportunity  of  observing  that  Mr.  Wfirburton,  the  herald,  had  manuscripts 
of  them  more  perfect  than  those  published,  which  wxre  destroyed,  among 
the  others,  by  his  servant.  One  of  Owen  Fcltham*s  poems,  "  When, 
dearest,  I  but  think  on  thee/*  see  Resolves  (Lusoria),  foL  p.  29,  is  often 
given  to  Suckling,  and  placed  in  his  works.  Sheridan  appears  to  have  had 
a  design  of  re- modelling  Suckling's  (loblins,  and  adapting  it  to  the  modem 
stage  ',  but  he  left  his  sketch  imperfect,  and  without  a  name.  We  most 
now  break  off  in  our  vague  and  pleasing  wanderMIgs  in  the  land  of  song ) 
we  must  leave 

'*  The  gleam,  the  lihadow,  and  the  Peace  supreme ;  *' 

but  we  trust  not  before  we  have  left  an  agreeable  impression  on  the  minds 
of  our  readers  of  Mr.  Jesse's  volumes,  which  will  malce  no  unworthy  com* 
pauion  of  Mr.  D* Israeli's  admirable  Memorials  of  Charles  the  First.  The 
style  in  which  they  are  written  is  pleasing  and  generally  correct :  there  are 
a  few,  and  but  few,  negligences,  and  we  fortunately  only  once  meet  with 
such  an  expression  as  "  the  conduct  of  Henrietta  was  not  feiicUoui  f 
(vol.ii.  p.  202). 

^  Ssc  Ocat.  Msg.  New  Seriti ,  Vol.  IV.  42, 268, 389 ;  voL  IX.  1537272. 


128 


SHOTTESBROOKE  CHURCH,  BERKSHIRE. 

( With  a  Plate.) 


THE  church  of  St.  John  Baptist, 
Shottesbrooke,  is  a  perfect  model  of  an 
ecclesiastical  edifice.  The  structure 
is  the  entire  work  of  one  period,  and 
possesses  the  advantage  of  an  ascer- 
tained date,  and,  what  is  met  with 
in  few  ancient  churches,  one  style  of 
architecture  pervades  the  whole  design 
even  to  the  minor  portions.  For  sym- 
metry and  beauty  it  has  few  equals  ; 
the  plan  is  harmonious,  the  architec- 
ture chaste  and  elegant. 

In  the  year  1337  Sir  William  Tres- 
sell,  of  Cubblesdon  in  StaflFordshire, 
who  had  shortly  before  purchased  the 
manor  of  Shottesbrooke,  founded  a 
college  for  a  warden  and  five  priests, 
or  if  the  revenue  would  bear  it,  five 
more  were  to  be  added  (but  the  num- 
ber of  ten  was  never  to  be  exceeded) 
and  two  clerks.  This  college  he  en- 
dowed with  the  church  of  Shottes- 
brooke, and  an  annual  rent  of  405. 
charged  on  this  manor;  a  fire  oc- 
curring soon  after,  which  damaged 
the  college,  some  further  endowments 
appear  to  have  been  bestowed  upon  it, 
but  the  church  evidently  sustained  no 
injury,  and  to  this  day  remains,  as  far 
as  the  architecture  of  the  structure  is 
regarded,  nearly  in  the  same  state  as 
when  it  came  out  of  the  hands  of  the 
founder. 

The  plan  is  cruciform,  consisting  of 
a  nave  flanked  by  two  uniform  porches, 
a  transept  and  chancel,  with  a  central 
tower  and  spire  ;  there  arc  no  ailcs 
to  either  portion,  and  what  is  remark- 
able, it  has  no  extraneous  chapels  or 
other  appendages.  The  plan  is  in 
consequence  an  entire  and  unbroken 
cross. 

Hearne,* somewhat  hastily,  assumed 
that  the  church  was  builtf  in  the  form 
of  a  cross  in  allusion  to  the  arms  of  the 
founder.  Sir  William  Tressell,  being  a 
cross  flory  ;t  and  he  has  been  followed 
by  the  editor  of  Ashraole's  Berkshire 
Collections,   (Sir  Edward  Bysshe)  as 


•  Account  of  some  antiquities  between 
Windsor  and  Oxford.  Lei.  Itin.  Vol.  V. 
{».  130. 

I  Or.  a  cross  flory,  gules. 

2 


well  as  by  Lysons  ;  but  there  can  be  no 
ground  for  this  supposition  ;  the  plan 
was  influenced  by  a  nobler  and  holier 
conception ;  the  cruciform  arrangement, 
80  common  in  our  ancient  churches,  was 
not  adopted  to  perpetuate  the  heraldic 
insignia  of  a  family,  but  was  chosen 
in  remembrance  of  the  emblem  of  oar 
holy  faith,  the  blessed  Cross, — at  once 
the  memorial  of  man's  salvation,  and 
the  distinguished  badge  of  the  Catho- 
lic church. 

The  architecture  is  of  the  descrip- 
tion which,  according  to  a  somewhat 
fashionable  nomenclature,  is  called  the 
"  decorated "  style ;  but,  as  it  is 
a  far  plainer  building  than  a  number 
of  other  structures  of  earlier  as  well 
as  of  later  periods,  we  do  not  recog- 
nize in  it,  the  truth  of  the  designation  : 
its  distinguishing  characteristics  are 
the  flowing  tracery  of  the  windows, 
and  the  small  angular  caps  which  ter- 
minate the  buttresses.  The  parapets 
are  finished  with  a  coping  without 
battlements,  and  the  gables  of  the 
building  are  lofty  and  acute,  leading 
up  gracefully  and  naturally  to  the  tall 
and  slender  steeple,  which  appropri- 
ately rises  from  the  centre  of  the  build- 
ing. 

The  view  of  the  church  which  forms 
the  subject  of  the  engraving  is  taken 
from  the  north-west,  and  the  artist 
(Mr.  John  Buckler,  F.S.A.)  has  shewn 
the  nave  and  one  of  its  porches,  the 
north  transept,  with  the  tower  and 
spire  ;  and  it  is  admirably  chosen  for 
the  display  of  the  character  and  uni- 
formity of  the  architectural  features  of 
the  building,  llic  entire  structure  is, 
however,  so  concealed  with  trees,  that 
it  is  scarcely  possible  to  see  the  church 
in  any  point  of  view  so  perfect  as  that 
shewn  in  the  engraving. 

The  nave  contains  no  less  than  three 
entrances,  each  of  which  consists  of  a 
neat  equilateral  pointed  arch,  with 
moulded  jambs  and  architrave.  The 
principal  one  is  in  the  west  front, 
over  which  is  a  window  of  three  lights, 
with  quatrefoil  tracery  in  the  head 
of  the  arch  ;  above  this  rises  a  gable 
bounded  by  a  coping  and  surmounted 


1840.] 


Shoitesbrooke  Churchy  Berkshire. 


129 


by  a  cross,  a  fragment  of  which  still 
exists.  The  angles  of  the  front  are 
strengthened  by  bold  duplicated  but- 
tresses, which  are  less  splayed  than 
usual,  and  finished  by  neat  caps,  each 
inclosing  within  the  head-line  five 
cusps.  The  flanks  of  the  nave  have 
each  a  window  of  two  lights  on  either 
side  of  the  porch,  of  the  same  general 
pattern  as  that  seen  in  the  transept. 
The  porches  have  pointed  arches  of 
entrance,  surmounted  with  gables 
finished  as  the  principal  elevation.  At 
the  corners  are  angular  buttresses,  and 
in  the  flanks  small  trefoil-headed 
lights. 

A  similar  style  of  design  is  observ- 
able in  the  north  transept.  The  large 
window  is  of  three  lights,  the  tracery 
cuspated,  the  lines  flowing,  and  in 
each  flank  wall  it  a  window  m  before 
described. 

The  uniformity  of  the  architecture  is 
continued  in  the  choir.  At  the  east  end 
is  a  large  and  magnificent  window  of 
five  lights,  with  cuspated  tracery  in  the 
head  of  the  arch,  the  lines  flowing  with 
great  elegance.  The  design,  though 
closely  assimilating  with  the  archi- 
tecture of  those  in  the  nave  and  tran- 
septs, is,  in  consequence  of  its  situation 
above  the  high  altar^  of  greater  im- 
portance and  beauty.  The  elevation 
terminates  with  a  gable  and  cross, 
and  the  angles  are  buttressed  as 
in  the  other  portions  of  the  structure. 
The  side  walls  are  made  by  buttresses 
into  three  divisions,  each  containing  a 
window  of  the  like  design  as  those  in 
the  nave  and  transept.  In  the  centre 
of  the  church  rises  a  square  tower  in 
two  stories  above  the  roof;  in  the 
upper  story  is  a  neat  window  of  two 
lights,  and  the  elevation  is  finished 
with  an  embattled  parapet.  At  the 
north-west  corner  an  hexagonal  tur- 
ret, erected  for  the  purpose  of  inclos- 
ing a  staircase,  rises  from  the  ground 
to  a  few  feet  above  the  parapet,  where 
it  is  finished  with  a  low  pyramidal 
roof;  the  interior  is  lighted  at  intervals 
by  small  loops  :  the  present  entrance 
to  this  staircase  is  by  a  modern  aper- 
ture in  one  of  the  exterior  faces.  An 
octangular  spire  rises  from  within  the 
battlement  of  the  tower,  of  a  graceful 
and  elegant  form  ;  it  is  lighted  by  four 
angular-headed  loops,  at  about  a  third 
of  its  height,  and  is  finished  with  a 
capital  and  vane.     In  its  original  state 

G£NT.  Mao.  Vol.  XUl. 


this  spire  was  enriched  at  its  base  by 
a  group  of  pinnacles,  which  very  grace- 
fully avoided  the  abruptness  conse- 
quent on  the  change  from  the  square 
to  the  octagon,  in  the  two  members  of 
the  steeple.  From  the  leads  of  the  tower 
may  be  seen  the  square  bases  of  these 
pinnacles,  which  are  fixed  to  the  several 
facesofthespire,  to  the  numberof  twelve. 
Four,  of  a  larger  design  than  the  others, 
correspond  with  the  angles  of  the 
tower ;  the  other  eight,  which  are 
smaller,  are  placed  in  pairs  on  those 
faces  0^  the  spire  which  correspond 
with  the  sides  ofthe  supporting  tower. 
All  these  pinnacles  have  been  removed, 
or  have  fallen  from  the  effects  of  time. 
When  perfect,  the  effect  ofthe  entire 
structure  must  have  been  very  superior 
to  its  present  appearance.  The  lofty 
and  taper  pinnacle,  springing  from  the 
group  of  smaller  ones,  somewhat  in 
the  style  ofthe  spire  of  St.  Mary's  Ox- 
ford, must  have  formed,  on  the  whole,  a 
ferfect  and  very  beautiful  composition, 
n  its  present  defective  state  it  pos- 
sesses great  beauty,  and,  whether  the 
spire  is  viewed  from  a  distance  above 
the  surrounding  foliage,  or  nearer  from 
the  adjacent  park,  its  graceful  form  and 
elevation  renders  it  a  very  pleasmg 
ornament  to  the  neighbouring  scenery. 
The  scientific  observer,  however^  can- 
not view  it  without  feelings  of  pain« 
and  anticipations  of  its  destruction  at 
no  very  distant  period.  In  the  last 
century  the  upper  part  was  struck  by 
lightning,  and,  though  repaired  at  the 
time,  the  fissures  now  appear  to  be 
opening,  and  evidently  threaten  de- 
struction to  the  structure. 

The  interior  possesses  less  of  the 
original  character  than  the  outside ; 
plaster  ceilings  and  pewing  have  done 
much  to  destroy  the  effect  ofthe  struc- 
ture when  in  its  pristine  state.  The 
nave  and  transepts  are  pewed,  and  a 
gallery  is  erected  in  the  north  transept. 
The  nave  is  well  proportioned,  and  very 
light,  occasioned  by  the  number  of 
windows  in  comparison  with  the  space. 
The  west  window,  in  its  original  state, 
was  doubtless  filled  with  stained  glass ; 
representing,  perhaps,  the  portraits  of 
the  benefactors,  whose  arms  still  exist 
in  the  tracery.  The  font  retains  its  ori- 
ginal situation  in  the  middle  of  the 
nave,  at  a  short  distance  from  the  west 
door.  It  is  of  dimensions  sufficiently 
large  for  immersion,  and  octangular  in 

S 


1840.] 


Shotiesbrooke  Church,  Berkshire. 


131 


6.  Argent,  three  fusils  conjoined  in 
fesse  gules.     Montacute, 

The  tracery  of  the   choir-windows 
contained  a  single  shield  in  each.    Of 
these  there  remain  on  the  north  side, 
...  a  saltire ...  it  is  plastered  over,  and 
the  colours  undistinguishable. 

South  side : — 

1.  Gules,  three  cross-crosslets  and  a 
chief  or.     Ardeme. 

2.  Sable,  a  cross  engraiMe  or,  a  bend 
ermine. 

In  the  east  window  of  the  south 
transept  is  the  bust  of  a  knight  to  the 
breast.  He  has  pourpoint  over  his 
armour,  on  the  head  a  basinet  with  a 
visor  raised  to  shew  the  face,  which 
has  large  mustachios ;  a  gorget  of  mail 
is  seen  at  the  chin.  Round  the  head 
are  the  remains  of  a  quatrefoil,  shew- 
ing  a  relic  of  the  lead  work  of  the  ancient 
glazing.  There  are  also  various  frag-* 
ments  in  the  opposite  and  in  the  south 
windows,  including  some  neat  and 
not  inelegant  quarries.  In  the  eastern 
window  of  the  north  transept  are  the 
remains  of  a  crucifix. 

The  lateral  windows  in  the  nave, 
like  those  of  the  choir,  each  contained 
a  single  shield  ;  of  these  only  two  re- 
main, in  windows  on  eacn  side  of 
the  nave,  and  which  are  repetitions  of 
each  other,  viz.  Quarterly,  1  and  4,  Or, 
frett^e  azure  ;  2  and  3,  Barree  or  and 
azure ;  Penbruge. 

In  the  west  window  are  three 
shields : 

1 .  Or,  a  saltire  gules. 

2.  Quarterly,  first  and  fourth.  Azure, 
three fieurs-de-lis  or;  second  and  third. 
Gules,  three  lions  passant  gardant  in 
pale  or,  a  bordure  azure,  charged  with 
fieurs-de-lis  or. 

3.  Argent,  on  a  chief  azure  two  mul- 
lets or. 

The  above  are  all  the  remains  of  the 
stained  glass  which  once  embellished 
the  windows  of  this  elegant  church. 

The  sepulchral  remains  are  worthy 
of  attention. 

The  monuments  of  the  founder.  Sir 
William  Tressel,  and  his  lady,  Maud, 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Butler,  Lord 
of  Wemme,  occupy  the  entire  north 
wall  of  the  transept.  The  two  monu- 
ments are  exactly  similar;  they  are 
altar- tombs,  surmounted  with  cano- 
pies of  four  arches,  each  of  elegant 
form,  separated  by  pinnacles.  In  the 
tpukdrilt  are  sixteen  thicldt^   which 


are  represented  as  suspended  by  belts 
from  hooks.  These  shields  were  once 
emblazoned  with  armorial  bearings, 
now  entirely  obliterated.  On  three  of 
the  shields  the  remains  of  armorial  bear- 
ings are  visible,  in  consequence  of  the 
lines  having  been  traced  with  a  point 
on  the  surface  of  the  stone.  The 
following  may  be  distinguished : 
1.    Three  lions  rampant,  impaling 


2 impaling   three  lions 

rampant. 

3 a  fesse  engrailed . . . . ,  in 

the  dexter  chief  a  lion  rampant,  which 
is  probably  one  of  three;  the  whole 
within  a  bordure;  but  these  are  in 
all  probability  the  remains  of  the  arms 
of  "  Richard  Powle,  sometime  Register 
of  the  Chancery, "  and  Anne  Chester 
his  wife,  and  Henry  Powle  and  Ka- 
tharine his  wife,  which,  with  the  dates 
1583  and  1628,  had  been  usurpingly 
substituted  for  the  original  bearings, 
and  which  remained  in  Ashmole's 
times,  the  Powles  being  buried  in  the 
same  transept. 

The  founder  lies  within  the  western- 
most of  these  tombs,  and  in  Heame't 
days  was  to  be  seen  through  a  defect 
in  the  wall,  "  wrapt  up  in  lead,"  and 
his  wife,  "  in  leather,  at  his  feet." 

The  next  in  point  of  importance  is 
a  rather  singular  monument,  to  the 
memory  of  William  ThrokmortOD, 
Warden  of  the  College.  The  effig]^  of 
the  deceased,  smaller  than  life,  attired 
in  a  long  gown,  with  his  doctor's  hood 
and  cap,  having  the  hands  conjoined* 
lies  within  a  stone  coffin,  against  the 
north  wall  of  the  choir.  Across  the 
middle  of  the  effigy  is  a  slab  of  atone, 
bearing  a  brass  plate,  with  the  fol- 
lowing inscription : 

« l^rrc  Ipetb  l]^i?n*m  tfbrolhmarton, 
if^t,  doctor  of  Ia\oe,  latr  gartf  n  of  ct^i# 
thuttfff  ttbicb  Drre^^ib  tfft  xii-  bap  af 
Sanuari,  Xn'o  tfni  jOittttmptf',  on 
tDboi¥  ^ouU  Si'bu'  baue  JdUrcp.  XmC. 

**  €  terra  in  tiHrm  reioluto  corpore 
trrram  ;^anctam  rrpecto  M  mmtir 
cortij^  oprm  4ix0ptctii  f  in  litu*  xtbis 
bibe  carnti^  amictu*  ^t  canOcm  nttlit 
rtgna  brata  poli." 

The  brasses  are  very  interesting.  In 
the  centre  of  the  chancel,  on  a  large 
slab,  is  one  of  rather  unnsnal  ocnr- 
rence,  as  it  represents  two  male  effi- 
gies.   That  on  the  dexter  side  is  a 


132 


Shottesbrooke  Church,  Berkshire. 


{Feb 


priest  in  vestments,  the  face  bearing 
the  impress  of  age;  the  hands  are 
conjoined  on  the  breast.  The  stole, 
maniple,  and  bordure  of  the  alb  are 
ornamented  by  devices  almost  pe- 
culiar to  effigies  of  the  fourteenth 
century,  which  are  squares,  containing 
crosses-craropon^e  alternatiDg  with 
quatrefoils.  The  shoes  are  pointed. 
The  other  effigy  represents  an  aged 
and  demure  looking  man,  with  a 
forked  beard  and  moustachios,  having 
a  wrinkled  forehead,  and  the  hair  stiff 
and  combed  off  the  face.  The  dress 
is  a  tunic,  close  fitting  and  buttoned 
up  the  front,  reaching  to  the  calves. 
From  the  middle  a  short  sword  de- 
pends from  a  girdle ;  a  mantle  is  worn 
over  the  tunic,  fastened  by  three  but- 
tons on  the  right  shoulder,  and  falling 
gracefully  over  the  left  arm.  On  the 
legs  are  hose,  with  pointed  shoes. 
The  two  effigies  stand  within  a  rich 
double  niche,  which  formerly  had  a 
slender  column  in  the  centre,  and  is 
covered  with  two  cinquefoil  arches,  with 
sweeping  canopies,  richly  crocketed  ; 
in  each  is  a  rose.  At  the  feet  of  the 
effigies  was  originally  an  inscription 
on  a  narrow  plate  of  brass,  which  has 
been  removed.  Between  the  canopies 
is  a  small  quatrefoil,  which  doubtless 
once  contained  some  religious,  or,  in 
modern  phraseology,  superstitious  re- 
presentation. With  these  exceptions, 
and  a  trifling  mutilation  of  the  pinna- 
cles, this  brass  is  in  fine  state  of  pre- 
servation. The  effigies  are  each  4  feet 
2  inches  long,  and  the  entire  brass  7 
feet  7  inches  long,  and  2  feet  7  in 
breadth.  It  is  engraved,  from  a  most 
incorrect  drawing  by  Ashmole,  in 
Bib.  Top.  Britannica,  No.  xvi. 

The  date  of  this  brass  is  late  in  the 
fourteenth  century  ;  and  it  may  fairly 
be  presumed  to  commemorate  the  first 
Master  of  the  college,  with  his  brother. 
The  ages  appear  to  be  equal :  their 
lives,  perhaps,  were  pleasant,  and  in 
their  deaths  they  were  not  divided. 
This  brass,  with  the  monument  of  Dr. 
Throckmorton,  are  the  only  two  in 
thb  church  which  commemorate  sa- 
cerdotal personages. 

On  the  floor  of  the  north  transept, 
at  the  foot  of  the  monument  of  the 
founder  and  his  ladv,  lies  a  brass  of  a 
lady,  clad  in  a  long  gown,  covering 
the  feet,  and  bound  round  the  middle 
with  a  girdle,  hanging  down  in  front. 


The  head  dress  is  reticulated,  with  a 
veil ;  the  neck  covered  with  a  barbe ; 
the  costume  being  that  of  a  widow. 
The  head  reclines  on  two  ornamented 
cushions,  and  on  a  surrounding  ledge,  at 
the  corners  of  which  were  the  symbols 
of  four  Evangelists,  of  which  the  angel 
and  the  lion  only  remain,  there  was 
an  inscription,  of  which  the  words 
in  black  letter  only  are  preserved  : 

Jcp  0lrft  Dame  Margaret  qui  fitUt 
lefemme  Moruir  F  .  .  . 

pennelirp08  cbeua/i>r  priez  pur  luy 
a  dieu  quil  de  naluie  eit  pitie  et 
mercy.    Amen, 

This  slab  commemorates  Margaret, 
daughter  and  heir  of  Sir  William 
Tressell,  the  founder,  and  widow  of 
Sir  Fulke  Pennebrygg.  She  died  in 
1401.  This  brass  is  engraved  in 
Gough's  Sepul.  Mon.,  Vol.  II.  pi.  t. 
p.  11. 

On  the  floor  of  the  same  transept  is 
an  effigy  of  a  gentleman,  in  plate  ar- 
mour, bare-headed,  with  straight  hair. 
Below  is  the  following  inscription  : 

**  i^ere  l?etb  tbe  iiob?  of  Stici^arti 
43?n  j^qu^er,  late  jtfergeant  of  t\)t 
*35ahebouj*  «»'•  Illiin0  benrp  tbe  bif, ; 
anb  aUo  \0?tb  Dt?n0  tenre  tU  biij. ; 
and  baioli?  of  tbe  taij.  bundrebtf  of  Coham 
and  ^pa?  ;  tbe  tobicbe  1H\cf)avtttct0tt^ 
)?•  toil.  Dflj?  of  tCuflUjJt,  ttt  pere  of  our 
tloiD  ^ob  M°M^icif  0*  uibo^e  ^oule 
3I'bB'  baue  mcp.*' 

In  the  same  transept,  another  brass 
represents,  with  admirable  fidelity,  one 
of  the  bluff  yeomen  of  the  bluff  King 
Henry,  accompanied  with  his  three 
wives.  He  is  represented  in  a  furred 
gown,  bearing  on  the  left  shoulder 
a  crown,  as  the  badge  of  his  office. 
His  wives  are  represented,  one  on  his 
right  side,  and  two  on  his  left.  Below 
the  second  wife  are  three  sons  ajid  two 
daughters,  and  under  the  third  wife 
one  daughter.  There  are  two  inscrip- 
tions, one  in  English,  which  shew8« 
in  one  point  of  view,  at  least,  that  he 
was  useful  in  his  generation. 

The  other  inscription  is  in  Latin,  and 
is  remarkable  as  the  production  of  a 
lady,  Elizabeth,  one  of  the  daughters 
of  Sir  Anthony  Cooke,  who  had  a  tasta 
for  this  kind  of  composition.  The 
following  are  transcripts  of  both  in- 
scriptions : 

*'^ttt  Tpetb  ^Burf en  (Cb(ma#  j^tfcf. 


1 840.] 


ShoUetbrodke  Church,  Berkshire. 


133 


\o()o  for  W  great  age  anb  tiertuotiij  %\t^ 
tta^  lietoerenced  of  al(  men,  anb  comenlp 
calleO  iFatber  J^ohe;  created  4Ej^quier 
b?  U?n0e  C;rnr)?  tbe  biii.  ^z  tDajf  of 
j^tature  bi0b  anb  comi?,  anb  for  til^ 
rrceUenceinartilarie  made  ^oman  of  tbe 
crotune  of  <(Sn0Tanb  ;  tnbicb  tab  in  W 
lief  tbree  wifetf,  anb  bi?  etjerp  of  ttem 
j^omfru?teanb  oftfprPn0e,anb  ^eceatf- 
^cD  tbe  rri.  ba?  of  'I(u0utft,  1567.  in  tbe 
nzxz  of  bi^  age  Hrrrtjii.  Iea\)in0  beb?nbe 
b?m  Julian.  W  Mt  toief,  ttoo  of  W 
brotbrrne,  one  lister,  one  onl?  j^onne, 
anb  If.  bau0bter^  tpbing." 

<'  «CpitApbiab'ne  ^Slisabetb  l^obibiein 
morte'  Cbome  J^lolie. 

<*  <^  multum  biUcte  ^tntr  pater  atiji; 
\)ocate  \3ei  quia  granbeuuj^,  tiel  quia 
probu^  erai^.  ?(nnoj^  bii:i|^ti  notoieif 
becem  atq;  tfateKe?  IFibutf  eraitf  regum 
fibu^  eratfq^  tuiitf.  3!am  fatitf  functui^ 
balratf,  i^cb  tu  beuitf  alme  j^ic  mibi 
concrbaj^  biuere  ^icq^  mori.'' 

Father  Noke  has  a  happy  conteDted 
expression  in  his  countenance.  He 
looks  hke  a  man  who  enjoyed  this 
world,  and  the  good  things  thereof; 
and,  never  having  heard  of  any  theories 
of  population,  he  prided  himself  upon 
his  "  fruyte  and  ofsprynge,"  and 
without  doubt  his  royal  masters  and 
mistresses  did  the  same. 

Above  the  effigies  is  the  following 
shield  of  arms  :  ...  on  a  fesse  coticed 
.  .  .  between  three  leopard's  faces  . . . 
a  bow  . . .  between  two  ducal  coronets 
.  .  .  ;  crest,  on  a  wreath,  a  lion's  paw 
erased  and  erected  ....  environed 
with  a  ducal  coronet  .  .  .  and  holding 
an  arrow  .... 

There  are  numerous  modern  monu- 
ments to  the  Cherry  family,  and  to 
Dodwell  the  antiquary. 

The  floor  of  the  chancel  has  origi- 
nally been  covered  with  coloured  tiles 
of  good  workmanship.  The  pavement, 
when  entire,  formed  a  kind  of  mosaic. 
Several  octagon  tiles  remain,  with 
various  devices.  One  appears  to  be 
the  symbol  of  Saint  John,  with  the  in- 
scription (I()J)ffNNES);  on  another  is 
a  lion's  face  ;  on  a  third,  a  man  armed 
with  a  sword,  and  at  his  feet  a  dragon. 

There  is  another  monument  which 
cannot  be  passed  without  notice.  This 
is  a  coffin  lid,  ridged  and  once  ensigned 
with  a  cross,  which  lies  in  the  church- 
yard, in  the  angle  between  the  south 
transept  and  the  choir.  This  tomb 
the  author  so  often  quoted,  T.  Heame, 


says  is  that  of  the  architect,  and  he 
gives  the  following  particulars  :  "They 
say  (and  it  hath  been  a  constant  tradi- 
tion) that  this  person,  having  either 
laid  the  last  stone  of  the  spire,  or  else 
fix'd  the  weathercock,  call'd  for  some 
wine  or  ale  on  purpose  to  drink  the 
King's  health,  which  being  brought 
up  to  him,  he  had  no  sooner  drunk  it 
but  he  accidentally   fell   down,    was 
dash'd  to  pieces,  and  was  afterwards 
buried  under  the  spire,  with  this  rough 
stone  over  his  grave."    This  is  pro- 
bably  a  mere  village  tradition.    The 
stone    is    evidently  older    than    the 
church,  and,   in  all  probability,  has 
lain  in  the  churchyard  ever  since  the 
present  one  was  built,  having  been 
preserved  from  the  former  church ;  for 
Shottesbrooke  possessed  a  church  at  the 
period  of  the  Domesday  survey.    The 
modern  brick-work  under  this  coffin 
stone  was  set    up   when  a    modern 
rector   (Richard    Clear)    was  buried 
beneath  it  by  his  own  direction,  at 
which  period  no  remains  of  a  prior 
interment  were  discovered. 

Shottesbrooke  church  and  its  lo- 
calities were  favourite  subjects  with 
old  Tom  Hearne.  In  a  gossiping 
note  on  Crosses,  to  his  edition  of  Ro- 
bert of  Gloucestre's  Chronicle,  he  gives 
many  particulars  of  the  church  ao4 
adjacent  college  ;  the  latter  structure 
existing  at  that  time  as  a  farm  house, 
on  tbe  south  side  of  tbe  church.  He 
thus  describes  a  curious  appendage  tp 
the  latter :  "  Some  years  agoe  there 
was  a  passage  from  this  farm-house 
overthwart  the  church  way,  and  so 
down  a  pair  of  steps,  by  a  door,  into 
the  south  chancel,  or  south  cross  of 
the  church,  where  there  is  a  seat  that  be- 
longs to  them  that  live  in  the  farm  house.** 
He  adds,  "  I  know  not  for  what  reason 
it  was  puU'd  down,  unless  it  were  to 
make  the  church  look  more  uniform 
(as,  indeed,  destroying  antiquity  and 
committing  sacrilege  is  too  commonly 
now-a-days  call'd  uniformity) ;  but 
it  was  destroyed  so  lately,  that  I  well 
remember  people  frequently  talk  of  it 
when  I  was  a  schoolboy,  and  to  relate 
that  it  conducted  into  the  church ;  and 
that  those  of  the  college  house  and 
farm  us'd  commonly  to  come  into  the 
church  that  way." 

The  arch  of  entrance  may  still  be 
traced  in  the  wall  of  the  transept; 
and  a  gap  in  the  garden  wall  opposite 


134 


On  the  Polytheism  of  the  Ancient  Britons. 


[Feb. 


has  evidently  been  filled  up.  This 
singular  passage  must  have  been  an 
humble  specimen  of  a  covered  walk, 
like  the  magnificent  passage  into  Wells 
Cathedral,  leading  from  the  Vicar's 
college  to  the  chapter  house  and  cathe- 
dral. 

The  two  spacious  halls,  with  their 
chimneys  and  the  parlours,  and  other 
remains  of  the  college,  existing  when 
Hearne  wrote,  have  long  since  been 
lemoved ;  a  cottage,  which  probably 
formed  a  part  of  those  buildings,  is  the 
only  portion  which  now  exists ; 
and  the  "  brave  old  orchard,"  with  its 
"  trees  in  forms  of  crosses,"  which  in 
part  existed  in  Hearne's  time,  has 
also  disappeared  ;  and  all  the  remains 
on  which  the  good  old  antiquary  loved 
to  dilate  upon  have  vanished,  leaving 
the  church  the  sole  remains  of  the 
foundation  of  Sir  Wm.  Tressell.  This 
structure,  it  has  been  shewn,  is  pos- 
sessed of  a  high  degree  of  interest. 
Every  admirer  of  genuine  old  English 
architecture  should  pay  it  a  visit,  and 
will  be  certain  to  leave  it  highly  gra- 
tified. He  will  see  in  it  an  elegant 
specimen  of  the  workmanship  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  and  a  beautiful  and 
correct  model  of  a  church;  and  it 
would  be  pleasing  if  the  description 
would  end  here ;  but  the  pleasure 
afforded  by  the  examination  of  the 
church  is  damped  when  the  spectator 
looks  to  the  upper  part  of  the  spire, 
and  sees  the  rents  which  shew  them- 
selves at  the  angles  of  the  stone  work, 
and  which  may  at  no  distant  period  oc- 
casion the  destruction  of  the  spire,  and, 
in  all  probability,  of  the  choir  also. 
That  this  is  no  fancied  alarm  will  be 
seen  by  any  one  who  views  the  open- 
ings from  the  interior.  The  ruin  might 
be  arrested  by  rebuilding  the  upper 
part  of  the  spire ;  or,  at  least,  banding 
it  with  metal ;  but,  as  it  is  scarcely  to 
be  supposed  that  the  small  parish  will 
accomplish  this  work,  we  can  only  look 
to  individual  munificence  for  its  pre- 
servation. To  one  sole  benefactor 
are  we  indebted  for  the  entire  church ; 
let  us  hope  that  it  will  be  fortunate 
enough  to  owe  the  trifling  repairs  it 
now  requires  to  a  similar  source.  It  is 
truly  to  be  wished  that  this  description 
may  be  the  means  of  calling  that  atten- 


tion to  the  defect  which  may  lead  to  the 
preservation  of  this  beautiful  example 
of  genuine  church  architecture;  as  a 
small  expense  may  now  effect  so  de- 
sirable an  object, — which,  if  longer 
delayed,  will  lead  to  the  destruction 
of  the  entire  pile.  £.  I.  C. 

ON  THE  POLYTHEISIC  OF  THK 
ANCIENT    BRITONS. 

Me.  Urban,  Hudderafield,  Dec.  14. 

I  HAVE  to  apologise  for  again  in- 
truding myself  on  your  attention,  on  a 
subject  which,  perhaps,  in  the  opinion 
of  some  of  your  readers,  has  already 
occupied*  too  much  of  your  valuable 
pages ;  but,  as  the  character  of  the 
rites  and  ceremonies  practised  by  our 
British  forefathers  is  little  understood, 
I  trust  1  shall  be  excused,  if  I  conclude 
this  subject  by  stating  some  facts 
that  were  overlooked  in  my  preceding 
paper.  My  object  has  been,  to  bring 
before  you  a  brief  account  of  such  in- 
scriptions on  ancient  altars  found  in 
Britain  as  were  calculated  to  shew  the 
extent  to  which  Polytheism  prevailed 
in  this  island.  While  describing, 
however,  the  character  of  the  inscrip- 
tions  found  on  such  altars  in  other  parts 
of  the  country  occupied  by  the  impe- 
rial conquerors,  I  had  omitted  to  give 
any  account  of  two  Roman  altars  that 
were  at  different  times  found  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Hudderstield.  The 
first  of  these  is  the  altar  found  at  Greet- 
land,  not  very  distant  from  the  site 
of  the  ancient  Cambodunum.  It 
was  dedicated,  by  Titus  Aurelius  Au- 
relianus,  "to  the  God  oftheBrigan- 
tes,"  in  the  first  place,  and,  secondly^ 
"to  the  Deities  of  the  Emperors,  on 
behalf  of  himself  and  his  followers,  in 
grateful  remembrance  of  the  success  of 
their  undertaking."  The  reverse  in- 
forms us,  that  the  altar  was  erected 
when  Antonius  was  Consul  a  third 
time  with  Geta.  Who  this  God  of  the 
Brigantes  was  is  not  so  clear,  though 
some  have  supposed  that  Camulus,  the 
British  Mars,  was  the  Deity  intended. 
The  Roman  town  of  Cambodunum  is 
written  Camunlodunum  in  Ptolemy, 
and  the  name  itself  thought  to  be  de- 
rived from  Camulus.  But  this  hypo- 
thesis is  not  very  tenable,  for,  in  the 


•  See  vol.  XI.  p.  133,  vol.  XII.  p.  241, 


1 840.]                      Druidkal  Remains  in  Yorkshire.  135 

first  place,  Camulus  was  the  name  of  guity  of  an  altar  dedicated  to  Fortune 

the  god  of  war  given  in  other  parts  of  to  a  spring.     In  the  present  instance 

Britain,  and  the  name  given  by  Pto-  there  was  a  bath  also,  for  it  fell  to  my 

lemy  to  this  station  is  generally  consi-  lot  some  years  ago  to  discover  near 

dered  incorrect,   the    proper  spelling  the  same  spot  a  Roman  hypocaust,* 

being  Cambodunum.     It  admits  of  no  with  the  usual  appendages.    The  bath 

doubt,  however,  that  the Brigantineter-  in  question   seemed  to  be  destroyed^ 

ritory  had  its  own  peculiar  Deity.  The  though  the  place  it  occupied  was  not 

other  altar,  to  which  I  have  above  aU  to  be  mistaken.    The  inscription  on 

luded   as  having  been  found    in   the  the  altar  itself  is,  "  Fortunse  sacrum* 

neighbourhood  of  Huddersfield,  is  one  Caius  Antonius  Modestus,    Centurio 

dedicated  to  Fortune.     It  was  disco-  legionis  seztse  victridis,  posuit,  et  vo- 

vered    by   that    able    antiquary   Mr.  turn   solvit  lubens  merito."     Besides 

Watson,    amongst    the     remains    of  these  various  deities  alluded  to  in  my 

buildings,  while  exploring  the  site  of  former  papers,  it  was  not  unusual  with 

Cambodunum,  which  is  situate  about  the  Romans  to  make  their  addresses 

four  miles  from  Huddersfied.      It  is  to  the  Genius  of  the  place,  even  where 

rather  remarkable  that  this  altar  was  they  were  strangers.    This  accounts 

found  near  a  perennial  spring  of  very  for  the  many  Roman  altars  found  in 

pure  water,  as  if  the  discovry  of  such  Britain,  with  "  Genio  loci"  inscribed 

a  treasure  had  called  for  ome   such  on  them ;  as  ^neas,  when  he  arrives 

token  of  gratitude.  At  any  rate,  this  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tiber, 
not  a  solitary  instance  of  the  conti- 

** frondenti  tempore  ramo 

Implicat,  et  Geniumqae  loci,  primamqne  Deonun 
Tellurem,  Nymphasque,  et  adhac  ignota  precatus 
Flumina.*' 

Before  I  conclude,  allow  me  to  sup-  scene  of  Druidical  sacrifices,  may  not 

ply  another  omission,  in  my  account  of  the  term  be  a  corruption  of  the  He- 

the  Druidical  remains  of  this  part  of  brew     nni    denoting     purification^ 

the  kingdom.    In  describing  the  pecu-  or  purification  sacrifice?  At  the  edge 

I iarities  incidental  to  these  singular  re-  of  Norland  Moor,  a  few  miles  from 

mains,  1  have  not  applied  to  them  the  Halifax,   I  have   already  stated  that 

ordinary  designation  by  which  they  there   is  an  immense  ledge    of  rock» 

are  known,  such  as  Ladstones,  Bride-  which  projects  over  the  side  of  the  hill, 

stones.  Cromlechs,  &c.  and  I  should  which  has  been  called  from  the  earliest 

not  have  alluded  to  them  on  the  pre-  times  the  Ladstone.    Other  rocks  have 

sent    occasion,    had  I   not   been   re-  been  so  called  elsewhere.     Some  have 

minded  of  this  omission  by  a  brother  derived    the  term    from  the  British 

antiquary.    Among    the    number    of  word  Llad,  to  kill ;  others  from  the 

these  is  a  stone  or  pillar  at  Todmor-  Saxon  loda,  a  purgation ;  but  may  it 

den,    which    goes  by    the    name    of  not  be  derived  from  the  Hebrew  root 

"  liridestone.*'     It   does    not    appear  vmh    denoting    flame,    and,    in    the 

that  this  is  a  local  term,  the  emana-  plural,  enchantments  ;  either  of  which 

tion  of  idle  fancy,  as  the  same  term  significations  would  not  inaptly  apply 

is  used  in  other  parts  of  the  kingdom,  to  the  nature  of  the  rites  and  ceremo- 

and  is  in  fact  applied  to  some  reputed  nies   performed  on  Druidical  altars? 

Druidical    remains    in    Suffordshire.  With  respect  to  the  term  Cromlech,  I 

Nor  are  we  able  to  trace  the  origin  of  do  not  remember  finding  it  in  any  an- 

this  term,  though  1  find  that  it  is  used  cient  deed,  except  the  word  Crimlish- 

in  very  early  records,  referring,  among  worth   (now  Crimsworth)  derives  its 

other  things,  to  the  Todmorden  rocks,  name  from  a  Cromlech,  situate  in  that 

especially  in  a  deed  of  Henry  VII.     If  district.    The  word  Cromlech  is  said 

indeed  these  rocks  were  originally  the  to  be  derived  from  the  Armoric  word 


*  I  neglected  at  that  time  to  forward  for  insertion  in  your  columns  any  account  of 
this  hypocaost ;  but,  as  it  has  not  been  published  any  where,  it  may  not  be  unacceptable 
to  insert  a  brief  account  in  some  of  your  future  numbers. 


136  Generosity  of  M.  Desclieux. — The  Coffee-Tree  at  Martinique,  [Feb. 

foIlowiDg  passage,  which  will  surely 
be  read  with  interest,  and  with  a  wish 
that  it  were  fuller  in  information. 

**  At    about     twelve     hundred     toitet 
(fathoms)  from  the  valley  of  Criel,  which 
is  watered  by  the  river  Y^res,  is  the  village 
of  Assigny,  the  native  place  of  M.  Des- 
clieux, Maretchal-des-campSf  and  cordon 
rouge.    This  generous  citizen  was  charged 
in  1726  to  carry  out  to  Martinique  two  slips 
of  the  coffee-treci  raised    at  the  Royal 
Botanic  Garden    (Jar din  des  PlanteaJ, 
and  which  were  supplied  by  the  public 
spirit  of  M.  de   Ressous,   lieutenant-ge- 
neral of  artillery,  an  amateur  of  botany, 
who  gave  up  a  young  plant  which  he  had 
brought  from  Holland  in  favour  of  the 
Royal  Garden.     M.   Desclieux  embarked 
with  his  precious  charge,  which  was  here- 
after to   enrich  the   cultivation    of    the 
French  colonies.     The  passage  was  long 
and    difficult ;     water    became    so    very 
scarce,  that,  while  the  portion  of  M.  Des- 
clieux was  extremely  reduced,  he  shared 
it  with   his  plants.      By   this    generous 
sacrifice  he  succeeded  in  saving  one  half 
of  the  trust  which  had  been  confided  to 
him  by  the  King.    His  sacrifice  was  amply 
rewarded  :  the  coffee  multiplied  with  ex- 
traordinary rapidity  and  success.   Till  the 
end  of  1774,  when  he  died  at  Rouen,  this 
worthy  citizen  enjoyed  the  pleasing  satis- 
faction of  having  (so  to  speak)  thus  saved 
an  important  colony,  and  of  having  en- 
riched it  with  a  new  branch  of  industry. 
The  family  of  M.  Desclieux  still  lives  at 
the  property  of  Assigny."  Vol.  iii.  p.  191. 

M.  Beauvais  says,  that  M.  Declieu 
(as  he  gives  the  name)  was  appointed 
king's-lieutenantat  Martiniquein  1723, 
adding,  what  is  melancholy  to  tran- 
scribe, that  "  he  was  neglected  in  his 
life-time,  nor  was  it  till  long  after  his 
death  that  it  was  proposed  to  erect  a 
monument  to  his  memory,  a  tardy 
homage  of  national  gratitude."  In 
reading  this  account,  which  reflects  so 
little  lustre  on  his  countrymen,  one  is 
reminded  of  the  saying,  alas !  too 
trite,  but  so  strikingly  exemplified  in 
this  instance, — 

**  Post  cineres  gloria  sera  venit.'' 

Where  the  monument  was  erected 
is  not  mentioned.  Have  any  of  your 
readers  seen  it,  and  can  they  furnish 
a  copy  of  the  inscription  ? 

Cydweli. 


I,  crooked,  and  lech,  a  stone ;  but,  if 
these  stones  were  really  regarded  as 
sacred,  is  not  the  Hebrew  term  "  Ca- 
rem    luach,"    that    is,  "consecrated 
stone,"  a  more  probable  derivation  ? 
The  belief  that  these  rocks  were  the 
scenes  of  idolatrous  worship  is  sup- 
ported by  tradition.     Such  is  the  case 
tn    various    parts    of    Scotland    and 
Wales,    where    they    are    sometimes 
tailed  chapels  and  temples.    We  learn, 
also,  from  the  early  records  of  idolatry 
in  Ireland,  that  one  of  the  chief  idols 
of  that  people  was  styled  Cromeruach, 
which  remained  till  St.  Patrick's  time. 
We  are  further  told  that  at  his  ap- 
proach it  fell  to  the  ground,  and  the 
minor  surrounding  idols  sunk  into  the 
earth  up   to  their  necks.     It  seems 
probable,  therefore,  that  these  singu- 
lar rocks,    known   by    the  name   of 
Cromlechs,  both  in  Britain  and  Ire- 
land, were  originally  what  tradition 
has  recorded  them  to  be,  heathen  al- 
tars, upon  which  the  idolatrous  priests 
shed  the  blood  of  victims,  and  per- 
formed their  superstitious  rites  and  ce- 
remonies.   The  etymology  of  the  term 
Druids  has  engaged  the  learning    of 
many  of  your  contributors,  and  it  is 
not  in  my  power  to  add  any  new  sug- 
gestion.   The  oiibaies,   an    order    of 
Druidical  priests,  may  probably  be  so 
called  from  the  Hebrew  ob,  or  oub, 
denoting  a  familiar  spirit  in  Scripture ; 
vide  1  Samuel  xxviii.  7,  8,  &c.  &c. 
J.  K.  Walker,  M.D. 


Mr.  Urban,  Jan.  6. 

IT  is  to  be  regretted  that  Biography 
is  not  sufliciently  copious  with  regard 
to  persons  who  have  rendered  them- 
selves remarkable  by  a  single  action. 
ITie  following  little  narrative  retrieves 
an  interesting  circumstance  and  a 
meritorious  person  from  oblivion,  and 
it  is  much  to  be  wished  that  the  de- 
tails were  not  so  scanty.  So  little  are 
the  particulars  known,  that  M.  Beau- 
vais, in  a  short  biographical  article 
(Diet.  Historique,  art.  Declieu) 
states  his  ignorance  of  the  dates  of 
this  generous  patriot's  birth  and 
death,  and  even  gives  a  blank  for  his 
Christian  name.  M.  Goube,  in  his 
Histoire  de  Normandie,  speaking  of 
Dieppe    and    its    environs,    has    the 


1840.] 


Extracts  from  Ja/iHi  Germany. 


137 


Extracts  from  Professor  Jahn*s  Histo- 
rical  Essay  on  Germany.* 

Schools. — TO  polish,  is  not  to  civi- 
lise. The  excess  of  education  pro- 
duces only  apples  of  Sodom,  whose 
form  is  pleasing,  and  whose  interior 
contains  nothing  but  a  dust  that  flies 
into  the  eye. 

Littrature. — There  are  translations 
of  the  Jerusalem  Delivered  published 
in  eleven  dialects  of  Italy. 

Lantjuage. — The  Persians  neglected 
to  appoint  a  general  language  for  the 
court,  the  state,  and  the  people  ;  they 
sent  orders  to  their  subjects  written  in 
all  the  languages  :  at  the  first  violent 
shock  their  empire  fell  to  pieces  .  .  . 
The  Romans,  who  founded  everything 
to  last  long,  consolidated  the  rule  es- 
tablished bv  their  arms  with  the  Latin 
tongue  (i.  e.  with  the  general  use  of 
it). 

Kcclrsiastical  Acts. — ^The  ceremonies 
of  the  Church  ought  never  to  be  per- 
formed in  private  houses,  excepting 
baptism  in  urgent  cases,  and  the  com- 
munion of  the  sick. 

Sorts. — The  Protestants  are  divided 
bydi-^tinctions  and  divergences,  which, 
if  they  are  not  really  material,  are  yet 
so  for  the  people.  The  mania  of  no- 
velty, the  vanity  of  knowledge,  the 
spirit  of  di<<putation,  the  love  of  dis- 
tinctions, the  rage  for  signalizing  one's 
Rt'lf,  occasion  the  destruction  of  what 
i<4  ancient  but  useful,  and  of  what  is 
nt'w  and  pood,  nnd  hinder  men  from 
(ii^ci  rning  and  choosing  what  is  best. 

Pronunciation.  —  In  Saxony,  they 
rhani2:e  f)  into  /;,  d  into  /  ; — at  Leijizig, 
rh  into  Ar ; — at  Drandenburg  «/ into  ^' ; 
— at  (lottinj^en  </  and 7'  into  ch; — at 
Hanover,  they  put  e  for  a  ; — at  Meck- 
Ichburjr,  na  for  a. 

Effi'ct  nfPnctry. — PerhapsKlopstock 
jnaW'-*  Houfiot  do  Lille  (author  of  the 
Marscillais  Hymn)  oftoo  much  impor- 
tance, when  he  says  to  him,  **  You  arc 
a  formidable  person  ;  you  have  over- 
thrown more  than  fifty  thousand  Oer- 

m 

mans." 

Rpodimj. — It  was  a  saying  of  Lu- 
ther, "  A  great  number  of  books  does 
not  make  us  instructed,  neither  does 


*  Jahn,  Kfiiai  Ilifltorique  sur  TAIle- 
ni.ii(ne,  ( Freiirh  trannlAtion,)  Lyon,  1H3'2, 
pft.  4.ii.  Some  remarks  on  Onpital  Cities, 
from  the  Hame  work,  have  up[M-ared  in 
(Jrnf.   M,!!;.  for  Sept.  I'i.t.i,  p.  JJO. 

(it.NT.   M.VU.   Vol..   Xlil. 


reading  much ;  but  to  read  what  is 
good,  and  to  read  it  often ,  makes  men 
instructed  and  pious." 

War. — What  is  war?  A  trade  of 
barbarians,  in  which  all  the  art  con- 
sists in  being  the  strongest  at  a  given 
point, — said  even  Napoleon,  agitated 
by  gloomy  presentiments,  which  tor- 
mented him  on  the  eve  of  the  battle  of 
Moscow. 

Courage, — Xenophon  has  allowed, 
in  the  course  of  his  Retreat,  that  the 
most  valiant  and  the  most  intrepid 
warrior  was  the  man  who  also  feared 
the  gods  most.f 

The  best  Christian  is  also  the  best  and 
the  bravest  soldier.  With  this  maxim 
Gustavus  Adolphus  penetrated  further 
than  his  enemies,  who  thought  other- 
wise, and  who,  during  his  life,  did 
not  gain  a  single  triumph.  Who 
would  exchange  the  honourable  testi- 
mony which  Gellert  renders  Laadohn^ 
for  decorations  and  an  elevated  rank  ? 
"  fie  was  one  of  my  first  and  dearest 
companions ;  what  he  said  wasjustand 
pious;  I  never  heard  any  thing  from  his 
lips  but  what  was  good ;  and  1  have  al- 
ways observed  that  he  was  religious." 

Invasion. — W^hen  he,  who  has  car- 
ried his  conquests  about  the  worlds 
and  overthrown  all  the  armies  of  sol- 
diers, at  length  attacks  a  people  who 
are  acquainted  with  defensive  war,  he 
ought,  even  if  he  is  a  great  master  in 
the  war  of  soldiers,  to  begin  school 
again  as  an  apprentice. 

National  Costume. — ^All  the  ancient 
nations  who  lasted  long  preserved 
themselves  from  the  rage  of  fashion 
by  a  national  costume.  £ven  the 
Romans  sometimes  designated  them- 
selves by  its  name.  The  Spaniards 
during  their  prosperity,  the  Poles  at 
the  epoch  of  their  power,  the  Hunga- 
rians in  the  time  of  their  indepen- 
dence, had  national  costumes  which 
were  in  general  use,  and  not  worn  only 
by  the  aged  persons  of  the  country. 
VVe  also,  before  the  war  of  Germany 
(1(3 IS),  had  a  national  costume,  and 
distinct  dresses  according  to  the  dif- 
ferent classes.  Our  neighbours,  who 
profited  by  the  troubles  of  Germany, 
brought  us,  from  the  other  side  of  the 
Rhine,  this  malady  of  foreign  orna- 


t  Here   the   author   refers   to   Sir   R. 
Steele's  (Miriiitian  Hero. 
I  Marshal  Laudohn.  C. 

'J' 


138 


Extracts  from  John's  Germany. 


[Feb. 


inents«  which  dazzles  our  eyes  and 
fills  our  hearts  with  Tantty.  For 
a  century  and  a  half  we  have  basely 
borne  the  female  yoke  :  the  storm  of 
nations  burst  upon  us,  and  the  ruin  of 
the  German  empire  appeared  to  be 
complete. 

Fashion,  that  monster,  which  hi- 
therto the  most  ingenious  thinker  has 
not  been  able  to  describe  adequately, 
because,  as  Falke  says,  it  outruns 
fashion,  and  like  Saturn  devours  its 
own  children  :  such  is  the  Moloch 
to  whom  we  ha^e  sacrificed  happi- 
ness, peace,  the  delights  of  life, 
health,  and  country.  Unhappily,  the 
love  of  what  is  new  in  little  things, 
and  the  love  of  what  is  old  in  great 
ones,  is  our  inveterate  evil. 

"  We  Germans  are  such  fellows,  that 
what  18  new  strikes  ns,  and  we  catch  at  it 
like  fools ;  and  whoever  seeks  to  dissuade 
uSy  makes  us  still  more  eager.  But,  if 
wiboAj  hinders,  we  are  soon  weary  and 
satiated,  and  gape  after  another  novelty. 
Thus  the  devil  has  always  this  advantage, 
that  tiiere  is  no  pattern  too  rude,  no  fancy 
too  strange,  to  have  its  course  ;  he  always 
finds  votaries,  and  the  Quicker  for  being 
the  more  unskilful.*'  (Luther*s  Works, 
part  iii.  p.  338.  Jena.) 

The  wise  Franklin  said,  "  the  taxes 
which  the  state  levies  are  bearable, 
but  fashion's  taxes  are  exorbitant." 
Fashion  is  a  new  infection,  whence 
results  exposure  or  disguise  in  lieu  of 
clothing,  ugliness  and  caricature  in 
lieu  of  taste  ;  it  is  the  common  inven- 
tion of  idlers  who  find  work  for  others, 
and  of  fools  who  want  to  make  them- 
selves of  importance.  It  injures  the 
means  by  useless  expenses,  the  mind 
by  an  odious  traflSc  in  trifles,  and  the 
heart  by  leading  it  away  from  good 
taste  to  attach  it  to  insipidities,  it  is 
pernicious  to  the  body,  because  it 
makes  no  account  of  constitutions,  of 
habits ,  or  of  different  ages ;  it  is  a 
slow  poison  introduced  into  domestic 
life.* 

If  a  nation  has  not  a  national  costume, 
it  makes  little  progress  in  invention  and 
the  arts.  It  imitates  fine  foreign  forms, 
which,  however,  can  never  become  na- 
tional ;  such  is  the  crow  in  the  fable  ; 
fOT  instance,  Schwerin  on  the  Place- 

*  Moser,  Patriotie  Fancies. — Garve» 
oii  Fashion. — Busch)  Mond  Treatisei. 


William  at  Berlin.f  If  it  follows  up 
this  ephemeral  mockery  which  changes 
daily,  it  only  sets  up  a  scare-crow,  or 
exhibits  a  punch.  At  the  end  of  ten 
years,  our  most  laboured  engravings 
are  nothing  but  caricatures.  Old  fa- 
mily-portraits are  banished  to  the  gar- 
rets, because  such  ogres  frighten  the 
children.  The  Romans  could  pre- 
serve the  images  of  their  fathers  in  a 
gallery  set  apart  for  their  ancestors ; 
they  could  even  exhibit  them  publicly, 
and  offer  them  to  the  admiration  of 
the  new  members  of  the  family.^ 

In  Germany,  where  the  modern 
Germans  no  longer  know  how  to  find 
the  useful  and  the  instructive,  we  may 
still  observe  particular  costumes  among 
the  men  of  the  lower  class.  For  in- 
stance, among  the  peasants  of  Altem- 
burg  and  Wierland,  among  the  Sau- 
niers  at  Halle  on  the  Saale,  the 
Monchgutters  at  Rugen,  the  Frisons 
in  Danish  Germany,  &c.  &c.  While 
a  little  population  bears  its  national 
costume,  it  is  armed  at  all  points  and 
escapes  the  general  fusion ;  but,  if  it 
strips  itself  of  that  protection,  it  will 
become  incorporated,  and  will  cease  to 
exist  amid  the  crowd. 

The  national  German  costume  should 
not  be  an  expensive  uniform.  Cloth- 
ing is  a  want  of  civilised  man ;  the 
satisfaction  of  this  want,  conformably 
to  those  of  the  people,  is  what  makes 
a  national  costume.  The  preservation 
of  health  ought  to  be  the  first  object 
proposed ;  then  we  may  consider 
cheapness,  general  usage,  durableness, 
and  good  appearance,  which  this  cos- 
tume ought  not  to  be  without.  No 
act  should  be  valid,  unless  the  person 
who  delivered  it  was  clad  in  national 
costume.  Every  one  should  appear  in 
costume  at  assemblies,  feasts,  and 
churches.  There  should  be  different 
costumes  for  work  and  for  children. 
Certain  classes  and  certain  occupa- 
tions should  be  distinguished  by  addi- 
tions, such  as  gold,  silver,  embroidery^ 
and  feathers.  For  the  female  sex  there 
should  be  ribbands  of  different  colours ; 
green  for  little  girls,  white  and  orange 
for  girls,  red   for  maidens,  blue  for 


t  Probably  a  stotue  of  Field-Marshal 
Schwerin.  C. 

t  Eichstadt  Dt  imoginihut  BomtoMrum, 
Jena,  1805. 


1840.] 


Extracts  Jrom  Jahn*9  Germany. 


139 


women,  brown  and  silver  formatrons. 
No  foreigner  should  bear  the  national 
costume,  unless  he  is  naturalised ;  nor 
ought  those  persons  to  bear  it  who 
have  lost  the  right  of  citizenship,  or 
who  cannot  obtain  it.  A  national 
costume  should  be  invented  after  the 
perfect  figure  of  the  people,  according 
to  their  character  and  national  dispo- 
sition. This  is  much  more  than  a 
tailor  or  the  framer  of  a  sumptuary 
law  can  perform. 

Under  Gustavus  III.  the  Swedes 
have  produced  the  greatest  number  of 
writings  treating  of  national  costume ; 
but  all  these  attempts  were  only  a 
smuggling 'in  of  foreign  shapes  which 
did  not  suit  Sweden.  Besides  the 
spirited  Moser,  already  quoted,  several 
persons  in  Germany  have  written  on 
this  subject.  The  thing  cannot  be 
done  too  soon,  for  there  is  not  yet  any 
work  on  clothing  which  embraces  the 
whole  subject  and  treats  it  profoundly. 
(Here  the  author  refers  to  a  variety  of 
publications,  as  "auxiliary  means  for 
such  an  undertaking.") 

We  are  a  poor  people,  and  we  ought 
not  to  adorn  ourselves  with  tatters, 
like  the  Moorish  king  who  strutted 
about  because  he  had  stuck  a  long 
feather  on  his  naked  back.  This 
would  be  a  very  good  motto  for  a  fine 
edition  of  a  German  journal  on  laxury 
and  fashions : — 

"  Thi»  i»  truly  beautiful  and  weU- 
designed ;  formerlf  dre$$  did  not  make 
the  man  or  the  mind/* 

National  Festivals, — ^The  free  states 
of  Greece  instituted  days  in  comme- 
moration of  fatal  events.  The  Romans 
also  established  festivals  of  moaroing 
OD  the  anniversaries  of  their  principal 
defeats,  such  as  those  of  AUia,  Cannc, 
&c.  The  Jews  still  bewail  the  de- 
struction of  Jerusalem ;  at  Mexico  the 
disastrous  night  of  calamity  is  not 
forgotten  ;  formerly  at  Magdeburg  the 
jubilee  of  Tilly  was  called  to  remem- 
brance every  year. 

National  Monumenii, — A  grand  na- 
tional monument  is  an  impregnable. 
fortress,  to  which  neither  Konigstein, 
nor  Gibraltar,  nor  Silberberg,  can  be 
compared.  Everything  contributes  to 
its  defence ;  nature  in  death,  architec- 
ture, and  military  art, — life,  fidelity, 
and  affection,  also  fight  for  it. 

National  Languafe, — Esteem  which 
is  shewn  for  a  national  language  has 


made  conquerors  and  masters ;  con* 
tempt  and  ignorance  of  the  mother- 
tongue  has  overiarned  thrones  and 
ruined  vast  designs.  Perhaps  HamiU 
car  owed  his  victories  in  Spain  to  his 
knowledge  of  the  language  of  the 
country.  The  different  languages 
wh^ch  Mithridates  was  master  of  were 
worth  new  soldiers  and  new  peoples 
to  him,  when  the  first  had  given  way. 
The  great  orator,  Gustavus  III.  waa 
not  skilful  in  the  language  of  the  Fin- 
landers ;  perhaps  this  was  one  of  the 
causes  wnich  prevented  the  fall  of 
Petersburg.*  What  evil  would  not 
have  resulted  for  Austria,  from  the 
wish  of  Joseph  II.  to  extirpate  the 
Hungarian  tongue?  The  emperor 
Charles  IV.  ordered  in  his  golden 
bull,  that  every  elector  should  under- 
stand Bohemian ;  that  was  too  much, 
it  sufficed  that  every  prince  should 
speak  in  their  mother  tongue  to  hie 
subjects.  How  many  insurrections 
would  have  been  appeased  if  the 
masters  of  England  had  been  ac- 
quainted with  Erse  and  Welsh. 

National  Books. — A  nation  that  pos- 
sesses a  real  national  literature,  la 
master  of  an  inexhaustible  treasure. 
It  may  revive  from  the  ashes  of  its 
country,  when  its  sacred  books  have 
been  preserved.  The  awe  which  the 
national  books  impress  on  the  exter- 
minators of  the  people,  proves  their 
importance. 

In  Homer  the  Greeks  re-discovered 
the  primordial  Hellenic  spirit;  the 
modem  Persian  goes  on  a  pilgrimage 
to  the  tomb  of  the  Shah  Nameh;t 
Italy,  with  the  wondrous  ruins  of  a 
double  human  creation,  with  its  toI- 
canoes,  its  ancient  snows,  its  beautice 
and  its  majesty  in  the  midst  of  aa 
endless  sprins,  shines  in  Dante,  in 
Petrarcha,  in  Ariosto,  and  Tasso.  The 
ardent,  heroic,  and  noble  soula  of  the 
Cid  and  of  Cervantes,  the  gi^tic 
figures  of  Calderon,  will  yet  exist  in 
Uie  vallies  of  the  Andes,  when  Europe 
no  longer  offers  them  an  asylum.  The 
Lusitanians,  and  their  descendants  the 
Brazilians,  may  honour  Camoena  •• 

*  TMs  is  F^enek,  it  was  Polish  tkmt 
was  wamied,  said  Nspoleon,  casting  awaj 
the  speech  for  the  opening  of  the  Polish 
Diet.  (Note  by  the  French  editor.) 

t  Ferdusi,  the  author  of  the  Shah 
Nameh.  C. 


140  Presumed  Planlagenet  MoKuments  at  Sawbridgeworth.        [Feb; 


their  bard.  The  Englishman  would 
revive  from  Shakespeare  alone,  even  if 
London  were  a  prey  to  its  neighbours, 
and  the  Thames  choked  up.  We 
Grerroans,  what  have  we  to  compare 
with  these  grand  and  national  works  ? 
What  deserves  to  be  called  national 
literature  is,  **  a  collection  of  works 
which  make  up  among  themselves  a 
sort  of  system  in  which  a  nation  finds 
what  is  fairest  in  its  existence  and  its 
life,  and  which  so  respond  to  all  tastes, 
and  80  meet  intellectual  wants,  that 
after  many  generations,  and  after  ages, 
persons  return  to  it  with  new  plea- 
sure."* This  is  what  constitutes  a 
national  literature. 

Achievements  of  the  Germans  for 
Humanity. —  (a.)  Amelioration  of  the 
female  sex.  (b.)  Purest  idea  of  Chris- 
tianity, (c.)  Freedom  of  opinions 
and  toleration,  (d.)  Organisation  of 
a  public  law  for  states.  (c.)  They 
have  humanised  the  last  savages  of 
Europe,  (f.)  Contests  with  the  mo- 
narchies and  the  monarchs  who  tended 
to  universal  dominion,  viz. — 

1.  Defeat  of  the  Romans.  Her- 
mann,f  and  the  liberating  battle  of 
Winfeld,  year  nine  of  J.  C.  2.  Dis- 
persion of  the  Huns,  liberating  battle 
in  the  Catalaunian  fields  in  451.  3. 
Barriers  opposed  to  the  extension  of 
the  religion  of  Mahomet.  Charles 
Martel,  liberating  battle  of  Tours,  732. 
4.  Colonisation  of  the  Magyars  and 
the  hordes  of  Asae,  their  allies.  Henry 
and  Otho,  liberating  battles  of  Merse- 
burg  and  Augsburg,  933,  935,  (against 
the  Hungarians  and  Sarmatians.)  5. 
Combat  against  the  Mongols,  battle 
nearLiegnitz,  1241 .  6.  Struggle  against 
Papism.  7.  The  Valois  are  repulsed 
and  forced  to  be  quiet ;  battle  near 
Pavia,  1525.  8.  The  petty  prince 
Maurice  resists  the  great  emperor 
Charles  V.  The  attempts  of  the 
Spaniards  to  arrive  at  the  dominion  of 
the  world  are  bufHed.  9-  Western 
Christendom  and  European  civilisation 
are  saved  from  Turkish  barbarism. 
Vienna  is  twice  besieged  in  vain, 
1529,  1685.  10.  The  Bourbons  are 
repressed,  Hochstadt  and  Turin,  1704 
and  1706. 

C  YD  WELL 

*  A.  W.  Schleffeli  Europa,  ii.  cap.  1. 
f  Arminius  in  Roman  History.  C. 


Mr.  Urban,  Dec.  5. 

IN  the  Hertfordshire  volume  of  the 
"  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales," 
written  by  Mr.  E.  W.  Brayley,  and 
published  in  1806,  occurs  the  follow- 
ing passage  in  a  description  of  the 
church  of  Sawbridgeworth. 

*'  The  monuments  are  numerous ;  and 
among  them  are  some  very  fine  ancient 
brasses.  Among  the  latter,  in  a  small 
chantry,  or  chapel,  connected  with  the 
south  aisle,  are  two  full-length  figures  re- 
presented as  completely  emaciated,  and 
in  winding  sheets ;  these  are  extremely 
well  drawn,  and  appear^  by  the  arms,  to 
be  of  the  family  of  the  Plantayenets, 
Here  also  are  full-length  brasses  of  a 
knight  and  his  lady,  with  the  same  arms  ; 
and  in  the  same  chapel  is  a  tomb,  and  ca- 
rious brasses,  of  the  Leventborps.'*^ 

Several  years  after,  in  1822,  the 
same  suggestion  was  still  more  fully 
advanced  by  Mr.  Moule,  in  his  Bib- 
liotheca  Heraldica.  That  gentleman, 
when  noticing  Sandford's  Genealogi- 
cal History  of  the  Kings  of  England,  at 
p.  270  of  his  Catalogue,  took  occasion 
to  make  the  following  remarks  : 

"It  may  not  be  considered  foreign  to 
the  subject  to  describe  a  very  finely  ex- 
ecuted monumental  slab,  near  the  east 
end  of  the  south  aile  of  the  church  at 
Sawbridgeworth  in  Hertfordshire,  sup- 
posed  to  commemorate  a  branch  qf  the 
Plantagenet  family f  but  which,  it  is  very 
singular,  has  not  been  noticed  by  Sand- 
ford,  Stebbing,  Chauncy,  or  Salmon.  It 
is  inlaid  with  brass,  representing  the 
figures  of  a  knight  and  a  lady,  the  luiigbt 
in  plate  armour,  his  feet  resting  on  a  grey- 
hound :  at  the  upper  comer  of  the  marble 
over  his  head,  is  the  arms  of  Old  France 
and  England,  quarterly.  The  lady,  whose 
head  is  covered  by  a  coif,  and  her  neck 
bare,  is  clad  in  a  loose  robe  and  mantle ; 
at  her  feet  is  a  little  dog,  and  on  the  up- 
per part  of  the  slab  over  her  head  is  aie 
arms  of  England,  with  a  label  of  France 
as  borne  by  the  Ancient  Earls  of  Lancas- 
ter. The  date  of  the  monument  maybe 
assigned  to  the  latter  end  of  the  14th  or 
to  the  beginning  of  the  15th  centurr*  by 
the  mode  of  bearing  the  arms,  and  the 
costume  of  the  figures.*' 

A  third  time,  in  Neale's  Cbarches, 
printed  in  1824,  the  same  story  is  re- 
peated in  nearly  the  same  words  as 
have  been  last  quoted. 

• — —  -^ 

X  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales,  rol. 
vii.  p.  217. 


\ 


1840]      Presumed  Planiagenet  Monuments  at  Sawbridgettorth,  141 


The  conjecture  advanced  is  so  bold 
a  flight,  in  a  genealogical  view,  that 
it  will  be  allowed  to  be  high  time  to 
check  it,  if  founded  on  a  miaapprehen- 
sion  ;  and,  although  the  county  histo- 
rian, Mr.  Clutterbuck,  has  not  joined 
in  its  support,  he  may  be  censured  for 
liaving,  on  the  other  hand,  passed 
over  these  certainly  remarkable  me- 
morials,  without  any  special  notice. 
The  means  of  illustrating  the  circum- 
stance wc.e  completely  within  his 
roach ;  but  it  was  n^  t  his  general 
custom  to  enter  into  similar  minutise. 
The  books  in  which  the  monuments  in 
question  have  been  described,  are,  be- 
sides those  already  cited,  Weever's  Fu- 
nerall  Monuments,  p.  549  ;  Chauncy's 
Hertfordshire,  p  178  ;  Cough's  Se- 
pulchral Monuments,  vol.  ii.  p.  104  ; 
C'luttcrbuck's  Hertfordshire,  vol.  iii. 
p.  217. 

Weever  gives  the  inscriptions  only, 
without  the  arms ;  and  Chauncy  has 
rnirely  copied  Weever.  Mr.  Gough, 
after  quoting  Weever,  has  added  a 
description  of  the  arms;  rightly  con- 
jecturing the  inscriptions  (given  in 
Weever,  but  now  lost)  might  have 
belonged  to  the  same  tombs ;  but  his 
description  is  not  quite  correct.  Lastly, 
Mr.  Clutterbuck  has  described  the 
stones  in  their  present  state,  and  the 
arms,  but  without  adding  the  epitaphs, 
which  he  allows  to  slumber  in  the 
pages  of  his  predecessor. 

A  MS.  in  the  Harleian  collection. 
No.  41)44,  removes  any  doubt  of  the 
original  position  of  the  brass  plates, 
and  supplies  additional  particulars  of 
the  arms.  The  earliest  memorial  of 
the  two,  that  of  the  figure  in  armour 
(not  a  knight)  and  his  lady,  was  for- 
merly designated  by  the  following 
epitaph  : 

C-.>ic  iaccnt  7o&'r#1letientborp  Xrml' 
grrqui  obiicrrtiii*.iSlaii  il*' .flftccccnncii j 
ct  H.itcrrtna  tiror  riuj^  que  obiit  ti  4^tt 
tobri^  .flft.ccccrnn  quorum  animab' 
propicirtur  Deu^.  iXmcn* 

At  the  foot  of  the  slab  were  two  shields 
now  lost ;  one  bore  the  arms  of  Leven- 
thorp,  viz.  Argent,  a  bend  gobonated. 


Gules  and  Sable,  between  two  cotises 
of  the  second  ;  the  other  Argent,  a  fesse 
between  3  fleurs-de-lis,  for  Twychet. 
At  the  head  of  the  slab  still  remain  the 
two  royal  coats,  1.  France  and  Eng- 
land, quarterly;  2.  England  with  a 
label  of  France. 

By  the  side  of  this  stone  is  another 
inlaid  with  two  figures  in  winding 
sheets  :  the  inscription  to  this  is  also 
lost,  but  is  here  supplied  from  the 
MS.  before  referred  to. 

It?ic  latent  ^ob'c^Hetientborp  armf^ 
0er  qui  obift  ultimo  bie  .HUtaij  %!* 
.itlftcccc.lrncfiii  et  Slobauna  Uror  tvai 
que  obift  n\T^  aCugusti  Mtztt.\^v^\\\ 
quorum  animabuj^  propirietur  beujr. 
Xmen. 

At  the  head  of  the  stone  on  the  left 
side  is  a  shield  bearing  OM  France* 
and  England  quarterly,  with  a  label  of 
three  points  Azure  :  the  shield  on  the 
rightside,  if  yet  remaining,  is  concealed 
by  a  pew ;  it  appears  from  the  MS. 
to  be  the  same  as  the  other,  bat  with- 
out the  label.    At  foot  are  two  shields, 

1 .  Leventhorp,  with  a  crescent  for  dif- 
ference,  quartering  Argent,  a  cheTron 

in  chief  a  label  of  3  points 

....  and    a  mullet  for    difference^ 

2.  Leventhorp  quartering  Twychet. 
it  should  be  remarked  that  Weever's 
version  of  the  last  inscription  gives 
the  date  of  the  lady's  death  1448,  in- 
stead of  1488.  The  prior  date  accords 
much  more  nearly  with  the  style  of 
execution,  which  is  very  superior  to 
the  usual  style  of  the  time  of  Henry 
Vll.  to  which  the  latter  date  would 
assign  it.  The  figures  are  drawn  ema- 
ciated as  in  death  ;  the  eyes  are  closed, 
and  the  bodies  wrapped  each  in  a 
shroud,  the  folds  of  which  are  beauti- 
fully disposed;  and  in  their  hands  they 
hold  a  heart,  by  which  was  typified  the 
devotion  of  the  soul  to  God. 

And  now  for  an  explanation  of  the 
imaginary  mystery  of  the  appearance 
of  the  royal  arms.  This  is  at  once  re- 
moved, when  we  find  that  John  Leven- 
thorp was  a  highly  trusted  servant  of 
the  house  of  Lancaster.f  He  appears 
in  its  employ  in  the  very  first  year  of 


*  That  is,  Sem^e  of  fleurs-de-lis.  Mr.  Moule  states  this  to  be  the  bearing  on  the 
other  stone ;  but  that  is  not  the  esse.  The  fleurs-de-lis  are  usually  reduced  to  three 
in  and  after  the  reign  of  Henry  V.  when  the  arms  of  Prance  are  so  exhibit^  on 
the  Great  Seal  for  the  first  time. 

fit  was  customary  to  place  the  royal  arms  on  the  tombs  of  persons  who  had  borne 


143 


Levehthorp  Fumih/.-^The  Epitaph  ai  iMMmham,  [Feb. 


Henry  the  Fourth  ;*  and  he  was  after- 
wards one  of  the  executors  named  in 
the  will  of  Henry  the  Fifth.  The  ma- 
nor of  Shingey  itself,  which  connected 
him  with  the  parish  of  Saw  bridge- 
worth,  was  a  parcel  of  the  Duchy  of 
Lancaster ;  and  Chauncy  says,  that  he 
came  to  settle  there,  from  Leventhorp 
in  the  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire, 
•bout  the  1 5th  Rich.  II.  He  was  one 
of  the  knights  in  Parliament  for  the 
county  of  Hertford  in  1  and  3  Hen.  V. 
and  1  Hen.  VI.  His  wife  was  Katha- 
rine dau.  and  heiress  of Twychet. 

His  son  John  Leventhorp,  esq. 
represented  in  the  second  brass, 
received  from  Henry  VI.  a  grant  for  a 
market  at  Sawbridgewortb,  and  a  li- 
cence to  inclose  520  acres  for  a  park. 
He  married  Joao  Barrington,  and  they 
were  the  progenitors  of  a  family  which 


continued  at  Shingey  hall  until  the 
reign  of  Charles  the  Second.  Sir 
John  Leventhorp  was  created  a  Ba- 
ronet t  in  1622,  and  the  heiress  of 
the  race  was  married  to  John  Coke, 
esq.  of  Melbourne,  co.  Derby. 

My  attention  was  first  drawn  to  the 
errors  on  this  subject,  in  an  authentic 
account  of  these  monuments  derived 
from  personal  inspection,  (with  a  re- 
ference  to  the  Harleian  MS.  which 
has  placed  their  identity  beyond  dis- 
pute,) transmitted  to  me  by  Mr.  L.  A. 
B.Waller,  who  is  forming  a  collection 
of  sepulchral  brasses,  and  has  recently 
exhibited  to  the  Society  of  Antiqua- 
ries various  reduced  drawings  of  these 
relics  of  ancient  art,  which  excited 
universal  admiration  for  their  fidelity 
and  beautv. 

Yours,  &c.  J.  G.  N. 


Mr.  Urban,  B — h — II,  Sept, 

IN  reading  the  lines  in  the  churchyard  at  Lavenham,  in  Suffolk,  in  your 
September  Magazine,  p.  240,  signed  D.  A.  Y. 

**  Quod  fuit  esse  quod  est  quod  non  fiiit  esse  quod  esse, 
Esse  quod  est  non  esse  quod  est  noo  est  erit  esse/' 

which  the  writer  says  has  puzzled  many  good  Latin  scholars,  it  appears  to 
me  that  it  should  thus  be  decyphered  : — *'  That  which  has  been,  is  the  same 
as  that  which  is :  that  which  has  not  been,  is  the  same  as  that  which  has 
been.  To  be,  is  the  same  as  not  to  be ; — that  which  is,  is  not,  it  will  be, 
to  be." 

The  whole  is  a  quaint  enigma  on  the  old  moral  reflection  of  the  fleeting 
nature  of  time;  and  is  well  illustrated  by  the  passages  quoted  from  Ecclesi- 
astes  by  the  writer.  The  object  of  the  lines  is  to  prove  that  nothing  really 
exists  in  time ;  and  the  reasoning  is  as  follows  : 

That  which  has  been,  is  the  same  as  that  which  is  ; 

That  which  has  not  been,  is  the  same  as  that  which  has  been; 

{Therefore),  That  which  has  not  been,  is  the  same  as  that  which  is. 
Or,  in  other  words,  there  is  no  real  absolute  temporal  existence ;  the  pre- 
sent, past,  ernd  future  being  one  and  the  same.  Yours,  &c.  J.  M. 


office  under  the  Crown.  Three  examples  of  the  time  of  Richard  II.  have  been  enu- 
merated  in  Gent.  Mag.  for  last  Sept.  p.  235.  The  three  lions  of  England  occur  with 
the  brass  of  Sir  John  Cassey,  Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  ob.  1400,  in  Deerhurst 
church,  Gloucestershire ;  of  which  there  is  an  engraving  by  Mr.  Lysons.  On  the 
brass  at  Balsham,  Cambridgeshire,  of  John  Sleford,  Canon  of  Wells  and  Ripon,  and 
Rector  of  Balsham,  who  was  Keeper  of  the  Wardrobe  to  Edward  III.  ob.  1401,  are 
shields  of  Old  France  and  England  quarterly,  and  of  the  same  impaling  Hainault,  for 
Queen  Pbilippa ;  as,  on  the  slab  of  Sir  Simon  Felbrigge,  K.G.  are  shields  of  King 
Richard  II.  and  of  Queen  Anne  (see  Cotman's  Norfolk  Brasses). 

*  *'  De  duabus  Litteris  Patentibus,  de  Sigillo  Ducatus  Lancastrise,  factis  Johanni 
Leventhorp,  irrotulatis.  Michaelis  Recorda  1  Hen.  IV.  rot.  15.*'  Jones's  Index  to 
the  Exchequer  Records,  Memoranda. 

t  He  married  Joan,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  John  Brograve  of  Hamds,  co.  Hertford, 
Knt.  Attorney-general  in  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  and  it  is  remarkable  that  his  very 
magnificent  monument  in  Sawbridgewortb  church  exhibits  another  coat  of  the  royal 
lions  of  England,  the  arms  of  Brograve  being  Argent,  three  lions  passant  guardant 
Gales,  granted  probably  in  allusion  to  Sir  John  Brograve's  official  situation,  which  ha 
held  for  the  long  period  of  thirty-three  years.  Epitaj^  at  Braughing.  Clutterbuck's 
Herts,  iu.  158. 


1840  ] 


On  Keeping  Faith  with  Heretics. 


145 


Mi:.  UttBAN, 

TIIK  dogma  of  the  Decretals,  on 
which  the  tenet  of  not  keeping  Faith 
with  FiT'retics  appears  to  be  founded, 
(see  our  No.  for  Nov.  p.  484,)  receives 
a  melancholy  illustration  from  two 
historical  passages,  which  are  now 
submitted  for  insertion.  The  first  is 
the  direct  avowal  of  an  eminent 
Romanist ;  the  other  is  the  expressed 
conviction  of  a  body  of  Princes,  who 
were  often  brought  into  transactions 
with  Romanists. 

1.  Dr.  Cooke,  in  his  History  of  the 
Reformation  in  Scotland,  has  the  fol  * 
lowing  passage  : 

•M')59.  When  the  regent  (Mary  of  Guise) 
was  about  to  return  to  Stirling,  she  placed 
in  the  town  of  Perth  a  garrison  in  the  pay 
of  France,  although  not  actually  composed 
of  Frenchmen ;  and  when  some  of  the 
most  prudent  and  moderate  of  her  coun- 
sellors remonstrated  against  such  a  breach 
of  her  engagements,  she  did  not  hesitate 
to  reply,  that  the  was  not  bound  to  keep 
faith  with  heretic* ;  and  that,  at  all  evenU, 
when  she  complied  with  the  letter  of  the 
treaty,  in  not  leaving  natives  of  France, 
she  had  prevented  any  just  ground  of  dis- 
satisfaction and  reproach.*  (Vol.  ii.  p. 
111.) 

If  the  regent  had  rested  her  apology 
on  the  latter  assertion,  it  would  have 
been  open  to  doubt,  whether  she  had 
positively  violated  her  engagements  or 
not  ?  Hut  the  former  one  is  fatal  to 
her  credit,  and  casts  a  stigma  on  the 
system  to  which  she  had  adhered. 
For  can  we  imagine  that  this  odious 
principle  was  merely  invented  by  her- 
self for  the  occasion  ?  Must  we  not 
sup{>ose,  that  it  was  put  into  her  mind 
by  her  ecclesiastical  advisers,  to  whom 
her  conscience  was  responsible,  con- 
sistently with  the  Romish  practice  of 
confession  ?  The  authorities  referred 
to  are  Knox,  b.  ii. ;  Buchanan, ^ib. 
xvi. ;  and  Burnet,*  vol.  ii.  p.  410. 

2.  Bishop  Burnet,  in  his  History  of 
his  Own  Time,  gives  the  substance  of 
a  speech  he  had  intended  to  make,  on 
the  peace  of  Utrecht,  in  1713,  in 
which  he  observes,  that  "  treaties  are 
of  the  nature  of  oaths,"  and  goes  at 
some  length  into  the  subject  of  their 
violation  by  Papal  absolution.  Ht 
adds  as  follows  : 


History  of  the  Reformation. 


'*  The  Ute  king  (WillUm  HI.)  told  me, 
that  he  understood  from  the  German  Pro- 
testant Princes,  that  they  believed  the 
confessors  of  Popish  Princes  had  faculties 
from  Rome  for  doing  this,  as  effectually, 
but  more  secretly :  he  added,  that  they 
knew  it  went  for  a  maxim  among  popish 
princes,  that  their  word  and  faith'f  bound 
them  as  they  were  men  and  members  of 
society ;  but  that  their  oaths,  being  acts 
of  religion,  were  subject  to  the  direction 
of  their  confessors  ;  and  that  they,  appre» 
hending  thu,  did,  in  all  their  treaties 
with  the  princes  of  that  religion,  depend 
upon  their  honour,  but  nevtr  asked  the 
confirmation  qfan  oath^  which  had  been 
the  practice  of  former  ages.  The  protes- 
tants  of  France  thought  they  had 
gained  an  additional  security,  for  observ- 
ing the  edict  of  Nantes,  when  the  swear- 
ing to  observe  it  was  made  a  part  of  the 
coronation  oath  ;  but  it  is  probable  thU 
very  thing  undermined  and  ruined  it." 
(Vol.  vi.  p.  158,  ed.  1833,  VoL  ii.  p. 
625,  original  edition.) 

Such  a  persuasion,  and  so  general, 
could  not  have  been  prevailed  among 
the  Protestant  Princes  of  Germany,  if 
there  had  not  been  strong  grounds  for 
it.  I  offer  no  further  observations 
upon  the  subject,  as  the  extract 
speaks  clearly  and  strongly  enough  by 
itself. 

Yours,  &c.    Anselm. 


Mr.  Urban,         Cork,  Nov.  18. 

MR.     HALLAM'S     lNTR0Dt7CTI0N 
TO    THE    LiTBKARY    HiSTORY   OF    THE 

Fifteenth,  Sixtbentb,  and  Seven- 
teenth Centuries,  is  now  con- 
cluded, and  enriches  our  literature 
with  a  work  to  which  it  possessed 
nothing  parallel.  We  may  in  truth, 
confidently  extend  this  claim  of  supe- 
riority to  whatever  Europe  can  boast 
of  in  similar  compositions ;  for  Andr^, 
Eichorne,  or  Sismondi,  the  only  wri- 
ters, I  believe,  who  have  embraced  an 
equal  latitude  of  critical  illustration, 
can  sustain  no  competition  with  our 
accomplished  countryman. 

It  was  a  bold  enterprise ;  but  its  ex- 
ecution proves  that  the  conscious 
powers  which  prompted  it  were  not 
overrated.  Not  only  do  the  great  lead- 
ders  of  the  human  mind,  those  who 
impress  their  character  on  the  passing 
age,  and  walk  in  front  of  mental  ad- 

t  Faithfulness  or  fidelity  appears  to  be 
meant  here,  and  not  creed. 


144 


Hallam's  Literary  History, 


[Feb. 


vance,  here  meet  commensurate  no- 
tice, but  scarcely  has  a  writer  worthy 
of  emerging  from  th6  crowd,  or  en- 
titled to  commemoration  in  any  de- 
partment of  science  or  of  letters,  been 
overlooked  in  this  encydopedian  sur- 
vey of  intellectual  process  ;  and  few 
are  those  of  whom  Mr.  Hallam's  esti- 
mate is  not  formed  on  perfect  acquaint- 
ance with  their  works.  The  range  of 
study  exhibited  in  this  elaborate  pro- 
duction is  truly  astonishing ;  and  not 
less  so  the  happy  combination  of  en- 
larged views,  depth  of  research,  and 
accuracy  of  detail. 

Among  the  various  articles,  under 
which  pass  in  array  those  mighty 
names  that  have  burst  the  cerements 
of  mortality,  or  dispelled  the  darken- 
ing  shades  of  time,  and,  still  lustrous 
in  undiminished  fame,  continue  to 
shed  on  each  succeeding  generation 
the  light  of  philosophy,  the  charm  of 
verse,  or  the  instruction  of  history,  I 
would  direct  the  reader's  attention  to 
those  which  pourtray  Machiavelli, 
Ariosto,  Galileo,  Camoens,  Cervantes, 
Kepler,  Leibnitz,  Montaigne,  Cor- 
neille,  Descartes,  Shakespeare,  Bacon, 
and  Hobbes.  These  are  delineated 
with  admirable  discrimination,  and 
may  be  contemplated  as  the  distin- 
guishing types  and  best  representa- 
tives, in  each  era,  of  the  great  divi- 
sional classification  of  the  human  fa- 
culties, reason,  imagination,  and  me- 
mory. 

The  formal  criticism  of  a  work  so 
large  of  frame  and  comprehensive  of 
matter, — itself  an  all-embracing  re- 
view, would  demand  attainments  little 
inferior  to  those  of  the  author,  were 
his  views  oAen  to  be  combated,  or  his 
statements  to  be  controverted.  But 
this  necessity  so  seldom  occurs,  that 
the  more  easy,  as  well  as  gratifying, 
task  of  the  reviewer,  would  be  to  se- 
lect and  extract  ;•  though,  even  then, 
he  will  find,  as  Goldsmith  says  he  did 
in  abridging  Hume,  that  he  scarce  cut 
ofif  a  line  that  did  not  contain  a 
beauty.  And  when  Voltaire,  who  had 
commented  Corneille,  was  solicited  to 
extend  his  critical  labours  to  Racine, 
he  replied,  that,  to  every  page  he 
should  only  have  to  subscribe  the  ex- 
pression of  his  admiraticn.  Yet,  that 
this  great  poet  was  open  to  frequent 


animadversion,  is  manifest  from  his 
various  editors,  Luneau  de  Boisger- 
main.  La  Harpe,  Geoffroi,  &c. ;  and 
that  inadvertencies  will  escape  the 
minutest  diligence  of  a  writer,  which 
may  arrest  the  casual  reader,  is  appa- 
rent from  the  correction  of  some  over- 
sights in  the  first  volume  of  Mr.  Hal- 
lam,  indicated  to  him  by  a  correspon- 
dent. I  may,  therefoie,  hope  that  the 
few  remarks  which  a  current  perusal 
of  the  subsequent  volumes  has  sug- 
gested, will  not  be  viewed  with  less 
indulgence  ;  for,  assuredly,  they  can- 
not impair  the  high  character  of  the 
book. 

At  page  63  of  the  second  volume, 
Mr.  Hallam  observes,  that  it  is  ques- 
tionable whether  any  printing  press 
existed  in  Ireland  before  1600;  but 
we  have  the  distinct  assertion  of  Sir 
James  Ware,  (Annals,  page  124,  ed. 
1705,)  that  the  English  Liturgy  was 
printed  in  Dublin,  by  Humphry 
Powell,  in  1551,  by  the  command  of 
the  Lord  Lieutenant  Sentleger,  and 
the  Council.  Powell,  as  may  beseenin 
Dr.  Dibdin's  Typographical  Antiqui- 
ties, (vol.  iv.  311,)  had  exercised  his 
profession  in  1548  and  1549  at  Hoi- 
born-Conduit,  in  London,  whence  he 
removed  to  Dublin  :  and,  in  the  his- 
tory of  this  latter  capital  by  White- 
law  and  Walsh,  (vol.  i.  p.  195,)  it  is 
stated  more  particularly,  "  that  on 
Easter  Sunday  of  the  year  1550,  the 
Liturgy  in  the  English  tongue  was  first 
read  in  Christ-church,  in  pursuance  of 
an  order  from  the  King  (Edward  VI.) 
for  that  purpose;  and  the  following 
year  was  printed  by  Humphry  Powell, 
who  had  a  license  for  so  doing  to  the 
exclusion  of  all  others."  "  It  is  proba- 
ble," these  compilers  add,  that  '*  this 
is  the  first  book  printed  in  Ireland." 
In  a  subjoined  note,  it  is,  moreover, 
affirmed,  that  the  Bible  was  also 
pripted  the  same  year  ;  for  which  re- 
ftrence  is  pointed  to  Ware's  Annals ; 
but  that  antiquary  is  silent  as  to  the 
Bible,  (unless  it  be  in  the  edition  of  his 
works  by  Harris,  1764.  which  I  have 
not  an  opportunity  of  consulting,) 
though  positive  in  regard  of  the  Li- 
turgy ;  and  the  Dublin  Annalists  have, 
therefore,  transgressed  their  quoted 
authority.  Indeed,  1  am  convinced 
that  no  Bible  of  so  early  a  date  issued 


*  I  do  not  know  a  better  model  to  propose  for  such  a  review,  than  that  by  the  late 
M.  Abel  Rt*musat,  of  Cuvier's  admirable  "  Discourt  tur  les  Involutions  de  la  Surface 
du  Globe t^*  in  the  Journal  des  SavanSf  for  May  and  June  18i^6. 

4 


\ 


1840.]     Hallam's  Literary  History. -^The  Early  Irish  Press.  1 45 


from  the  Irish  press ;  for  I  do  not  re- 
collect any  trace  of  it  in  our  bibliogra- 
phical records.  It  exists  not,  as  I 
have  ascertained  by  inquiry,  in  the 
royal  collection  of  Wirtenberg,  nor  in 
the  library  of  the  Duke  of  Sussex  ;  and 
the  former,  it  is  well  known,  is  the 
largest  respository  of  the  sacred  code 
in  existence.  (See  fiibliotheca  Wiir- 
tenburgensium  Ducis,)  (grandfather 
of  the  reigning  monarch,)  olim  Lork- 
iana,  auctore  I.  G.  Aldero,  Hamb. 
17^7,  4to.  and  Allgemeines  Bibliogra- 
phisches  Lexicon,  Leipsic  1821 — 1830; 
as  also  Dr.  Dibdin's  Tour,  iii.  21.  Of 
the  impression  of  the  English  Liturgy, 
there  can,  however,  be  no  reasonable 
doubt,  authenticated  as  it  is  by  Sir  James 
Ware.  I  know  not  whether  the  li- 
brary of  our  University  preserves  a 
copy  of  it ;  for  the  treasures  of  that  es- 
tablishment,  like  the  cryptic  recepta- 
cles of  the  East,  described  by  the  late 
accomplished  Colonel  Tod,*  remain  al- 
most entombed,  certainly  unrevealed, 
though  supposed  to  be  most  precious— 
"  Eg  ipso  prxfulgebant,  quia-non  vi- 
sebantur. "  (Tacit.  Annal.  iii.  76.) 

As  for  the  alleged  Bible  of  1551,  if 
we  could  discover  any  vestige  of  it,  to 
support  the  statement  of  the  Dublin 
Annalists,  its  extinction  might,  natu- 
rally enough,  be  imputed  to  the  into- 
lerant spirit  of  the  succeeding  reign ; 
for,  similarly,  no  complete  copy  ap- 
pears to  exist  of  the  first  English 
liible  printed,  it  is  supposed,  at  Zurich, 
in  1535,  so  successful  had  been  Henry 
VI H.  in  suppressing  it  ;  and  Mary, 
on  the  death  of  Edward,  may  be  pre- 
sumed not  more  indulgent  in  regard  of 
the  first  Irish  edition.  Copies,  how. 
ever,  of  other  editions  printed  in  Lon- 
don, previous  to  her  reign,  are  not  so 
rare  as  to  indicate  any  strenuous  ef- 
forts on  her  part  for  their  destruction; 
and,  however  sanguinary  her  rule  was 
in  England,  it  is  an  incontestible  fact, 
that  the  persecution  in  blood  did  not 
extend  to  Ireland.  On  the  contrary. 
Sir  James  Ware,  whose  assertion  is 
unquestioned,  states,  anno  1554,  page 
135,  that  "  several  of  the  Protestants 
of  England  fled  over  to  Ireland  by 
reason  of  Queen  Mary  having  begun 
to  prosecute  (sic)  them  for  their  reli- 
gion, viz.  John  Hervey,  Abel  Ellis, 


John  Edmonds,  and  Henry  Hugh« 
who,  bringing  over  their  goods  and 
chattels.,  lived  in  Dublin,  and  became 
citizens  of  this  city,"  &c.  Mosheim^ 
(vol.  iv.  p.  ]37«)  on  narrating  the  in- 
troduction of  the  Reformation  into 
Ireland,  says,  that  "Mary  pursued 
with  fire  and  sword  the  promoters  of 
a  pure  and  rational  religion ;"  but  his 
translator.  Dr.  Maclean,  is  here 
obliged  to  interpose,  and  to  acknow- 
ledge "  that,  however  cruel  Mary's 
designs  may  have  been,  they  were  not 
carried  into  execution."  This  he  ac- 
counts for  by  the  stor}',  of  long  poste« 
rior  fabrication,  according  to  which 
the  commission  of  blood  entrusted  to 
Dr.  Cole  was  purloined  from  his  cloak- 
bag  by  his  hostess  at  Chester,  and 
a  pack  of  cards  substituted,  but 
which  now,  likr  the  birth  of  the  Pre- 
tender, and  other  pious  frauds  im- 
posed on  popular  credulity  at  all  times 
and  by  all  parties,  is  held  as  wholly 
unworthy  of  belief. 

**  QuA  re,  religio  pedibus  snbjecta-— - 
Obteritur."  Lucrxt.  i.  79. 

See  Leland's  Ireland,  ii.  p.  213,  for 
this  absurd  invention ;  and  I  may  add, 
that  Mr.  Eraser  Ty tier's  late  history 
of  Edward  and  Mary  throws  rather  a 
new  light  on  these  sovereigns  and 
their  counsellors ;  nor  is  a  contempo- 
raneous narrative  (also  valuable  for 
its  rarity)  without  interest — "  His- 
toria  delle  cose  occorse  nel  regno  d' 
Inghilterra  .  .  .  dopo  la  morte  de  Odo- 
ardo  VI."  (Nell'  AcademiaVenetiana^ 
1558.)  My  copy  of  this  volume,  an 
Aldine  production,  (see  Renouard, 
Annales  des  Aides,)  had  the  additional 
advantage  of  being  '*  E  Bibliothecft 
Jacobi  Aug.  Thuani." 

In  a  letter  from  Archbishop  Usher 
to  Camden,  dated  in  June  1618,  will 
be  found  some  curious  particulars  of 
the  early  Irish  press, — a  subject  little 
investigated,  though  entitled  to  re- 
search. It  is  certain,  however,  that 
its  first  Latin  fruit  was  Usher's  quarto 
volume,  •'  Gotteschalchi,  et  Prajdes- 
tinariae  Controversis  ab  eo  mote, 
Historia,"  printed  in  Dublid  in  1632. 
This  book,  which  is  dedicated  to  John 
Gerard  Vossius,  whom  the  illustrious 
primate  wished  to  bring  over  to  Ire- 


*  See  History  of  Rajpootana,  by  Colonel  Tod,  a   recent  publication  of  great 
interest. 

G£XT.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII.  tt 


146  Hallams  Literary  History. -^The  Council  of  Trent.        [Feb. 

land,  though  with  less  success  than 
attended  Charles  the  Second's  in  vita- 
tion  to  his  son  Isaac,  was,  indeed, 
rather  late  in  this  field  of  literature,  to 
which  the  convulsed  state  of  the  island 
was  so  little  favourable.  But  we 
know  that,  in  the  great  Russian  em- 
pire, no  Latin  classic  issued  from  the 
press  before  1762,  when  an  edition  of 
Cornelius  Nepos  was  printed  at  Mos- 
cow, as  we  learn  from  Dr.  Harwood 
(Classics,  1 790) ;  but  even  England 
has  little  cause  of  pride  in  that  respect, 
for  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  so 
late  as  1603,  on  the  accession  of 
James  to  the  throne,  no  Hebrew  types 
were  to  be  found,  (Biblioth.  Sussex,  i. 
79,)  when  the  Hebrew  professor 
wished  to  commemorate  that  event. 

According  to  Ames  and  Herbert, 
the  city  of  Waterford  lays  claim  to 
some  early  essays  of  the  great  art ; 
but  the  first  mention  discoverable  of 
it  in  Smith's  history  of  that  city  is 
under  the  date  of  1646,  when  Thomas 
Bourke  printed  "  a  scandalous  re- 
monstrance of  the  Confederate  Pa- 
pists, with  his  Majesty's  (Charles  I.) 
arms  aflixed  thereon."  The  topogra- 
pher does  not  seem  aware  that  this 
presumptuous  act,  as  he  viewed  it, 
was  the  authorised  result  of  his  Ma- 
jesty's secret  commission  to  Lord 
Glamorgan,  which  has  been  the  source 
of  so  much  controversy,  from  the  days 
of  Clarendon  and  Birch  to  those  of 
Brodie,  Lingard,  Heywood,  and  Rose. 
Dr.  Lingard's  note  B.  to  volume  X.  of 
his  History,  offers,  1  conceive,  a  most 
impartial  review  of  this  question, — one 
so  influential  in  its  decision  on  the 
character  of  the  unhappy  monarch. 

The  absence  in  Dr.  Lingard's  work 
of  a  continuous  or  heading  chronology, 
I  may  here  take  occasion  to  remark, 
causes  no  considerable  inconvenience 
to  the  reader.  I  can  also,  I  think, 
trace  to  this  defect  an  error  in  M.  de 
Beaumont's  recent  publication,  '*  L'lr- 
lande,  Sociale,  Politique  et  Religi- 
euse,"  where,  (tome  ii.  S'^™'  partie, 
p.  181,  189,)  in  proof  of  the  delay  of 
intercoursie  in  former  days,  compared 
with  its  present  facilities,  he  quotes 
he  reverend  historian's  statement  of 
the  confirmation  of  the  marriage  of 
Henry  VIII.  with  Anne  Boleyn,  by  the 
Irish  Parliament,  one  day,  and  its  an- 
nulment the  next,  on  the  arrival  of  a 


tardy  courier,  referring  to  Lingard,  ▼ol. 
vi.  chap.  v.  and  adding  the  date  1525. 
The  anachronism  struck  me,  as  I 
knew  that  the  event  occurred  in 
1536,  not  1525 ;  but,  on  inspection  of 
the  original,  I  saw  that  it  proceeded 
from  the  close  position  of  two  dates 
in  the  margin,  which  appeared  to  em- 
brace the  same  subject,  though  quite 
different  in  their  purpose ;  and  M.  de 
Beaumont  took  that  of  1525  for  tiie 
other,  which  immediately  followed,  of 
1536.  Had  there  been  a  heading 
datation,  this  could  hardly  have  hap- 
pened ;  for  to  that  his  eye  would  have 
been  more  safely  and  natqrally  di- 
rected. I  know  not  whether  the 
translator  saw  the  error. 

The  lines  of  Lopez  de  Vega  on  the 
marriage  of  Henry  and  Anne,  will 
show  how  that  occurrence  was  con- 
templated by  that  most  prolific  of  dra- 
matists, but  who  had  then  renounced 
the  stage  and  taken  orders,  which, 
however,  did  not  render  him  less 
caustic — 

**  Mas  que  desta  losa  fria 
Cubuu  Erinque  tu  valor 
De  una  muger  el  amor 
Y  dc  un  error  la  porfia. 
Como  cupu  en  tu  grandeza, 
Querer  Enganado  Ingles 
De  una  muger  i  los  pies, 
Ser  de  la  Iglesia  Cabe9a. 

stanzas  not  dissimilar  in  import  from 
the  well-known  and  pointed  line  of 
our  own  poet — 

*'  The  Gospel  light  that  shone  in  Bo- 
leyn's  eyes.'* 

One  of  the  most  important  works  of 
the  sixteenth  century  was,  doubtless, 
the  convocation  of  the  Council  of 
Trent ;  and  Mr.  Hallam,  accordingly, 
dwells  with  suitable  detail  on  its  acts 
and  consequences.  With  a  knowledge, 
also,  and  impartiality,  far  superior  to 
most  of  our  English  writers,  he  is  in 
general  careful  to  separate  the  obli- 
gatory canons  of  doctrine  from  the  lo- 
cal regulations  of  discipline.  I  cannot, 
however,  include  in  that  praise  the 
following  paragraph,  which  would 
seem  to  imply  a  defeasance  of  Catholic 
assent  to  the  decisions  of  that  assem- 
bly, even  in  articles  of  faith,  which,  it 
would  be  inferred,  were  rather  pas- 
sively acquiesced  in  than  declaredly 
recognised,  more  especially  in  France. 
His  words  (voU  ii.  p.  99#)  are — 


\ 


1 840.]        Hallam*8  Literary  History. -^The  Council  of  Trent.  1 47 


'*  There  is  some  difficulty  in  proving 
for  the  Council  of  Trent,  that  univer- 
sality to  which  its  adherents  attach  infal- 
lible authority.  And  this  was  not  held 
to  be  a  matter  of  course  by  the  great  Eu- 
ropean powers.  Even  in  France  the  Tri- 
dentine  decrees  have  not  been  formally 
received,  though  the  Galilean  church  has 
never  called  any  of  them  in  question.  The 
Emperor  Ferdinand  hesitated  about  ac- 
knowledging the  decrees  of  a  council, 
which  had  at  least  failed  in  the  object, 
for  which  it  was  professedly  summoned, 
the  conciliation  of  all  parties  to  the 
church.  For  we  find  that  even  after  its 
close  he  referred  the  chief  points  in  con- 
troversy to  George  Cassauder,  a  German 
theologian  of  very  moderate  sentiments 
and  temper.'* 

Here  our  author  obviously  confounds 
the  civil  and  spiritual  jurisdictioas;  for 
the  exceptions  to  the  recognition  of  the 
Council  adverted  to  by  hira,  exclusively 
referred  to  points  of  discipline  which 
were  supposed  to  encroach  on  the 
royal  prerogative  or  local  immunities, 
and  never,  as  I  shall  have  little  diffi- 
culty in  evincing,  to  rules  of  faith, 
over  which  the  civil  power  could  ex- 
ercise no  controul.  In  France  and 
Hungary,  it  is    true,    that   no   royal 


edict,   as  in  Spain,   and  most  other 
Catholic  territories,   enjoined  the  re- 
ception of  the  Council ;  but  the  eccle- 
siastical body  universally  and   expli- 
citly,   there  as   elsewhere,   on   every 
competent    occasion,    recorded    their 
unreserved  submission  to  the  decision 
of  the  Council   in   matters   of  faith. 
N^ver,  in  a  single  instance,  have  the 
assembled  clergy  in  any  part  of   the 
Catholic  world  demurred  to  these  au- 
thoritative   decrees,    a   departure   or 
dissent  from  which  would  necessarily 
involve  a  lapse    into   schism,    and  a 
severance  of  the  Catholic  unity.    They 
would,  in  a  word,  cease   to   be  Ca- 
tholics.    But,  however  desirable,  or 
solicited,  for  political  effect   and  os- 
tensible    uniformity    by    the   Popes, 
the  professed  acceptance  and  formal 
promulgation  of  the  articles  of  faith 
by    the    civil     authorities    was,     of 
course,  wholly  unnecessary  ;  while  in 
England,  where  the  church  was  na- 
tional and   circumscribed   within   its 
insular  bounds,  the  creed  was  appro- 
priately regulated  by  local  and  legis- 
lative enactments,  without  that  indis- 
pensable association  of  faith  implied 
in  the  claim  of  catholicity  : 


-*'  Cujo  alto  imperio 


O  sol  logo  em  nascendo  vd  primeiro ; 
Ve-o  tambem  no  meio  do  hemispherio  ; 
£  quando  desce  o  deixa  derradeiro." 

Os  Lusiadas  de  Camoes — Cauto  I.  viii. 


The   exclusive  jurisdiction    of   the 
rhurrh  to  define   the  tenets  of  faith 
has  been  invariably  acknowledged  by 
Catholic  sovereigns,  and  by  none  more 
unequivocally  or   frequently  than    by 
those  of  France, — the  eldest  sons  of 
the  Church, — whose    opposition    has 
ever  been  confined  to  certain  articles 
of  discipline    in  the  Tridentine  regu- 
lations, at  variance  with  the  privileges 
secured  to  them  by  the  Concordat  of 
1517,  between  Leo  X.  and  Francis  the 
First,    or    with    other  long- exercised 
rights,  which  these  regulations  made, 
in  their  conception,  more  directly  sub- 
missive   to    papal    power.    Thus,  in 
March   1563,  when  the  Council  was 
drawing   to  its  close,  the  Queen  Re- 
gent. Catharine  of  Medicis,  and  Coun- 
cil of  State,  having  taken  into  consi- 
deration the  proceedings  of  the  (*ouncil 
of  Trent,  declaicd — "  que   quant  a  la 
ductriae,  ilt  n'y  vouloicnt  touchcfi  et 


tenoicnt  toutes  choses  quant  k  c6 
point  pour  saines  et  bonnes,  puis- 
qu'elles  etoient  determinees  en  Concile 
General  et  legitime — quant  aux  decrets 
dc  la  police  et  reformation,  y  avoient 
trouvc  plusicurs  choses  derogeantes 
aux  droits  et  pri^rogatives  du  Roy,  et 
privil(<ge8  de  I'Eglisc  Gallicanc,  qui 
cmp^choient  qu'elles  ne  fussent  revues 
ni  cxi^cutdes."  (Henault,  anno  1563, 
in  citing  a  contemporaneous  docu- 
ment, which  I,  too,  possess,  among 
other  rather  curious  ones  of  that  pe- 
riod.) 

In  the  •'  Expostulatio  Oratorum 
Regis  Christian issimi  ad  J^gatos  et 
Patres  Concilii  Tridcntini  facta  xxii. 
Scptembris  Ann.  1563,"  it  is  said, 
•'  Rcges  cnim  Christianissimi  semper  in 
tide  et  obncquio  S.  Romans  Ecclcsiic  et 
maximorum  Pontificum  pcrmanscrunt 

Itaque  (mandatum  nobis  est,) 

«  vobis,  P.  8.  pctere,  ut  nihil  contr* 


1 48  Hallanis  Literary  History.-^  The  Council  of  Treri.         [Feb. 


stiam  (regiam)  auctoritatem  Galli- 
canaeque  Ecclesise  libertatem  decer- 
natis."  And,  in  the  "  Lettre  du  Roy, 
escrite  aux  Ambassadeurs  k  Trente  sur 
I'opposition  qu'ils  avoient  form^e  an 
Ck)ncile,"  dated  the  ninth  of  November 
1563,  only  a  few  days  before  the  dis- 
solation  of  the  Assembly,  not  the  re- 
motest objection  to  the  dogmas  of,'faith 
transpires;  and  the  protest  solely 
claims  the  preservation  of  the  royal 
droicts,  usages,  priviUges,  et  cetix  de 
VEgUse  Gallicane, 

In  1579*  the  Ordonnances  de  BloU 
drew  a  similar  line  of  demarcation 
between  the  imperative  dogmas  of 
belief  and  the  flexible  points  of  disci- 
pline, in  the  reception  of  the  Council ; 
and  when  Gregory  the  Thirteenth  urged 
on  Henry  the  Third  its  formal  promul- 
gation, the  answer  was,  that  it  was 
quite  snperorogatory :  "  qu'il  ne  falloit 
point  de  publication  pour  ce  qui  ^toit  de 
foy,  car  cMtoit  chose  gardde  dans  son 
royaume."  He  made  a  similar  reply 
to  the  pressing  instances  of  the  convo- 
cation of  ^  the  clergy,  held  the  same 
year  at  Melun,  "  inasmuch  as  the 
Council  of  Trent  had  only  affirmed 
the  long-established  doctrine  of  the 
church."  So  even  Per^  le  Courayer, 
the  translator  of  Sarpi's  History  of  the 
Council  of  Trent,  and  inheritor  of  his 
spirit,  is  obliged  to  acknowledge  in  his 
"  Discours  sur  la  reception  du  Councile 
de  Trente,"  §  11 — appended  to  the  se- 
cond edition  of  his  translation  (Amst. 
1758,)  although  he  complacently  dwells 
on  Henry's  Edit  de  pacification,  in 
which,  with  a  view  to  conciliate  the 
Huguenots,  a  desire  is  expressed  for  a 
new,  legitimate,  and  free  council,  to 
unite  all  his  subjects  to  the  Catholic 
church.  See,  also,  the  adverse  argu- 
ments of  Mosheim  and  his  translator. 
Hist.  Cent.  XVI.  Sect.  in. 

It  would  be  quite  easy  to  pursue 
this  deduction  of  proof,  and  shew,  that 
the  objection  in  France  to  the  man- 
datory reception  of  the  Council  solely 
applied  to  the  article  of  discipline, 
leaving  those  of  faith  in  plenitude  of 
authority,  and  in  no  wise  impairing 
the  fact  of  universal  submission  ob- 
tained for  them  in  the  church.  The 
same  distinction  may,  I  think,  be  au- 
thorizedly  extended  to  the  doctrinal  or 
moral,  and  the  historical  and  physical 
enunciations^  of  the  Bible  itself, — the 


one,  of  imperative  belief  and  iiidisfien- 
sable  observance ;  the  other,  of  Idrger 
interpretation  and  permissive  inqany. 
The  ante  and  post-diluvian  ehronologr^ 
so  dissentient  in  the  Hebrew  aiid  toe 
Septuagint — the  weeks  of  Daniel,  or 
the  Apocalyptic  number  (those  niya- 
teries  of  computation  which  have  defied 
at  once  and  humiliated  the  genius  of 
Newton),  and  the  Deluge  in  physical 
operation,  have  ever  been  subj^ts  of 
independent  discussion ;  but  it  is  only 
within  the  circle  of  our  own  times, 
that  any  attempt  could  be  safely  made 
to  reconcile  the  discoveries  of  science 
with  the  literal  text  of  Scripture  in  the 
opening  chapter  of  Genesis.  The  al- 
leged sufferings,  indeed,  of  Galileo 
have,  by  recent  elucidation,  been  re- 
duced to  the  measure  of  truth,  which 
assuredly  did  not  exceed  what  an 
Oxford  professor,  at  that  period,  would 
have  encountered,  had  he,  like  Dr. 
Buckland,  ventured  to  extend  the  week 
assigned  for  the  creation  to  an  inter- 
minable space,  so  as  to  meet  the  most 
comprehensive  geological  hypothesis. 
Nor  would  the  great  discoverer  be  now 
more  exposed  to  persecution,  I  confi- 
dently assert,  in  his  native  Florence, 
than  our  learned  countryman  has  been 
in  England,  for  seeking  in  the  sacred 
volume,  not  schemes  of  physics,  or 
systems  of  astronomy,  but  the  mani- 
festation of  the  Divine  Will  in  the 
records  of  his  chosen  people, — the 
prophecies  that  announced,  and  the 
blessings  that  signalized,  the  advent 
of  the  Son  of  Man,  who  came  to  save 
what  was  lost  (St.  Luke,  xix.  10.),  the 
examples  of  his  life,  the  redemption  of 
his  death,  and  the  precepts  of  his  in- 
struction. But  Dr.  Buckland's  expo- 
sition of  his  sentiments  will  be  best 
viewed  in  his  luminous  publication— 
"  Geology  and  Mineralogy  considered 
with  reference  to  Natural  Theology" 
(Vol.  i.  ch.  2.) 

The  French  lawyers  demurred  to 
twenty-three  points  of  the  Tridentine 
discipline,  which  are  discussed  by  De 
Thou,  (Tbuani  Hist.  lib.  105,)  and 
the  two  Pasquiers  (Stephen  and  Ni- 
cholas) were  most  marked  in  their  op- 
position— "  Ceux  qui  poursuivent  la 
verification  dcceConcile,"  said  the  son, 
"  ne  sont  pas  vrais  Frau9oi8  mais  bas- 
tards ou  aubains."     Le  Maistre,  Da 


\ 


1840.]    Hallmns  Liierary  HUtory^Epitciphs.^lrith  Cardinals.    149 

Vair,  Passerat/  and  others,  though  Royales,   kc.  de  SuUi,   1662,  folio.) 

less  vehement,  were  equally  decided  in  But  the  parliaments,  always  jealous  of 

hostility  to  the  measure.  the  papal  authority,  threw  obstacles  in 

On  repeated    occasions,    however,  the  way  of  a  formal  reception,  while, 

Henry  IV.  expressed  his  intention  to  in  common  with  the  universal  body  of 

promulgate  the  Council,  with  the  ne-  Catholics,  they  unreservedly  acknow* 

cessary  salvos  for  his  royal  prerogatives,  ledged  the  articles  of  faith,  "  La  loi  da 

(as  in  Spain  and  the  Low  Countries,)  Concile  de    Trente   a  ^te  re9ue  par 

to  which  he  was  constantly  urged  by  I'Eglise  Gallicane,"  says  M.  BoucluutI, 

the  Cardinal  D'Ossat,  his  ambassador  (Docteur  agr^g^  a  la  Faculty  deDroict,) 

at  Rome,  whence  this  Cardinal  (Lettres,  "  mais  elle  a  rejett^  tous  les  points  de 

tom.  ii.  p.  332)  writes,  that  even  Mere  discipline  qui  ne  s'accordent,  ni  avec 

the  discipline  of  the  Council  "  ne  se  Tancienne,  ni  avec  nos  mceurs."  And, 

pratique  pas  en  tout/'  so  little  impera-  in  "  L'Art  de  verifier  les  Dates,"  (tom. 

tive  was  it  ;t  but  the  troubles  of  his  iii.  8vo.)  it  is  said,  "  Tous  les  Francais 

reign  prevented  the  execution  of  this  croyentdec(Bur,etappuyentdebouche, 

intention.       "  Actum    tunc,"    (Nov.  toutes  les  Veritas  que  ce  Concile  en- 

1 599,)  says  de  Thou,  "  de  Concilii  Tri-  seigne,  et  condamnent  de  m^me  toutes 

dentini  promulgatione  ....  sed  in  qui-  les  erreurs  qu'il  condamne,  sans  y  ^tre 

ctiora  temporarcservata."    (Lib.  123.)  obliges  par  aucune  loi  ext^rieure  ema- 

Indeed,  Henry's  coronation-oath  ex-  needuroi."    See, likewise,  Pallavicini 

plicitiy  declared  his  submission  to  the  (Istoria   del  Concilio  di   Trento,  lib. 

Councils:     "J'approuve  sans   aucun  xxiv.  cap.  10.  Roma,  1664). 
doute,  et  fais  profession  de  tout  ce  qui         I   could  corroborate  this  series  of 

a  ki6  decis,  d^termin^  et  d^clar^  par  evidence,   "  that  the  Galilean  Church 

les  saints  Conciles,"  &c.  (Economies  formed  no  exception  to  the  universal 


*  This  learned  man,  the  successor  of  Ramus,  and  mentioned  by  Mr.  Hallam  among 
the  Latin  poets,  (vol.  ii.  338,)  concluded  an  epitaph,  which  he  composed  for  himself 
with  the  apposite  deprecation, — 

'*  Mea  molliter  ossa  quiescant, 
Sint  modo  carminibus  non  onerata  malis.*' 

The  epitaph  ordered  by  the  Count  Tessin,  of  Sweden,  for  himself,  was,  at  lesitf 
short  enough,  "  Tandem  felix  ;*'  nor  was  that  of  the  famous  Cardinal  Portacsjrrero,  who 
died  at  Toledo  in  1709,  much  longer,  though,  perhaps,  hardly  befitting  a  Christian 
prelate  :  "  Hie  jacet  cinis,  puWis  et  nihil."  (St.  Simon,  vii.  401.)  That  of  the  licen- 
tiatc  Garcias,  "  A  qui  est^  encerrada  el  alma  del  licenciado  Pedro  Garcias,**  would 
apply  to  more  books  than  Le  Sage's  ;  and  the  inscription  by  Louis  XVIII.  on  the  tomb 
of  James  II.  in  the  church  of  St.  Germain  en  Laye,  where  the  English  monarch  found 
refuge  in  the  generous  feelings  ofLouisXIV.  is  very  appropriate:  "  Regio  cineri,  pietas 
regia.*'  Bat  i>erhap8  a  better,  when  authorised  by  circiunstances,  could  not  be  cnoten 
than  that  furnished  by  ifischylas,  (Pers«,  (>49,) 

'H  <f)iXos  uyffp  5  fpiXos  S)^3ns' 
^ika  yap  KtKtvBtv  tjOrj, 

t  I  may  remark  that  even  here,  in  Catholic  Ireland,  so  little  mandatory  are  the 
rules  of  discipline,  some  variance  existed  in  regard  to  clandestine  marriages  between 
the  several  dioceses,  until  assimilated  and  made  uniform  by  a  bull,  which  only  took 
effect  so  late  as  the  Ist  of  January  1838.  It  has  been  noticed  that,  notwithstanding 
the  devotion  of  this  country  to  the  Holy  See,  no  native  Irishman  has  been  honoureS 
with  the  purple.  Some  early  names  have  been  mentioned,  but  no  certainty  of  the  fact 
can  be  established.  Cardinal  Norris,  though  of  Irish  extraction,  probably  remote,  was 
lK)rn  at  Verona  ;  but  I  have  read  that  Cardinal  CienAiegos,  who  died  in  1739,  was  an 
Iri^shnian  by  birth,  who,  sent  very  young  to  Spain,  there  translated  his  patronymioy 
Keating^  into  the  corresponding  Spanish  appellative.  Certain  it  is,  that  both  have 
exactlv  the  same  meaning — a  hunared  firu^  (in  Irish,  Cead-teinid,  pronounced  very 
like  Keating.)  Saint  Simon  calls  this  .cardinal  '*  un  homme  d'esprit  et  d'intrigue, " 
(tom.  XVIII.  ^6,)  but  he  was  opposed  to  the  Bourbon  succession,  and  openly 
espoused  the  Austrian  interest  in  Spain.  His  Irish  descent  is  verv  problematical,  for 
Spanish  biography  represents  him  as  bom  in  the  diocese  of  Oviedo  ;  but  the  conso- 
nant sense  of  the  names  in  both  languages  is  undoubted.  It  is  right  to  add,  that  it  re* 
quires  a  larger  fortune  to  support  the  dignity  of  a  cardinal— t  piincc  of  the  church 

--Umui  liifh  cccMuticf  cu  pc  fvppoicd  to  posiesi. 


1 50  Hdlarns  Literary  History, ^The  Qnmcil  of  Trent.         [Feb. 


reception  of  the  doctrine  of  the  Council 
by  the  professors  of  the  Roman  Catho- 
lic religion,"  by  a  reference  to  the  re- 
spective histories  of  Elie  Dupin,  Bona- 
venture  Racine,  D'Avigny,  Picot,  the 
Collection  of  Le  Plat  (Monumentorum 
ad  Historiam  Concilii  Tridentini  illus- 
trandam,  Lovan.  1781,)  and  Abbe 
Millot's  Histoire  de  la  reception  du 
Concile  deTrente  dans  les  Etats  Catho- 
liques,  1756,  2  vols.  12mo.  To  enu- 
merate, however,  the  occasions  on 
which  the  Galilean  clergy,  the  true  and 
legitimate  interpreters  of  the  nation's 
religious  sentiments,  have  testified 
their  implicit  subserviency  to  the  Tri- 
dentine  canons  of  faith,  would  be  to 
compose  the  annals  of  that  body.  It 
will  suffice  for  Mr.  Hallam  to  name 
Bossuet,  whose  "  Exposition  de  la  Doc- 
trine de  I'Eglise,"  as  our  author  avows, 
(vol.  iv.  130,)  is  exclusively  grounded 
on  the  decrees  of  the  Council ;  and  it 
will  not  be  denied  that  Bossuet  has 
ever  been  the  accredited  organ  of  the 
Galilean  clergy,  who,  in  1682,  ex- 
pressed their  formal  approbation  of 
this  little,  biit  important  volume.  It 
was  at  the  same  assembly  that  they 
passed  the  famous  resolutions,  four  in 
number,  in  assertion  of  their  own 
privileges.  (See  Cardinal  Beausset, 
Vie  de  Bossuet,  tome  ii.  p.  229>  and 
page  279,  vol.  i.) 

"  Je  ne  m'arreterai,"  states  Bossuet, 
in  his  opening  section,  "qu'aux  de- 
crets  du  Concile  de  Trente,  puisque 
c'est  Ik  que  TEglise  a  parle  ddcisive- 
ment."  The  work  is  generally  pre- 
ceded likewise  by  the  approval  of  the 
Pope  (Innocent  XI.)  as  well  as  of  the 
Cardinals  Bona*  and  Chigi,  with  many 
bishops,  doctors,  &c.  so  as  to  leave  no 
doubt  of  its  conformity  with  the  Catho- 
lic creed,  as  defined  by  the  Council. 


Accordingly,  Cardinal  Chigi  writes, 
"  Ne  credo  che  il  modo  che  tien  Taii- 
tore,  sia  da  condamnasi  nell'  B^plica- 
tione  di  qualche  dottrina  insegnata  dal 
Concilio  di  Trento."  Tlie  assent, 
therefore,  of  the  Galilean  church  was 
not  silent  or  passive,  but  most  explicit 
and  declared ;  and  the  royal  or  naagis- 
terial  acts,  though  by  no  formal  or  au- 
thoritative injunction,  were  expressive 
of  an  equally  unexceptional  adherence 
to  the  dogmatic  decrees  of  the  Council, 
which,  I  repeat,  universally  consti- 
tuted, in  the  Catholic  world,  the  rule 
and  test  of  religious  belief. 

'*  Haec  est  cymba,  qu&  tuti  vehimur ; 
Hoc  ovile,  quo  tecti  condimur ; 
Hsec  columna  qua  firmi  nitimur 

Veritatis.** 
Prose  of  the  dedication  of  a  church  in  the 
Parisian  Breviary. 

Bossuet's  favourite  maxim,  after  St. 
Augustin,  was  "  in  necessariis  unitas, 
in  dubiis  libertas,  in  omnibus  chari- 
tas  \**  an  admirable  distinction,  which, 
it  is  to  be  hoped,  will  spread.  "  *A  vptr 
'cTT*  *avTo\lrjv  t€  Koi  cucafidrov  ivaw 
€\6jj,"*  though  the  charity  of  the  great 
prelate  may  not  appear  quite  so  evident 
in  his  conduct  towards  F^n^lon  on  the 
Quietest  question,  and  the  latter's  book 
"  Ij€8  Maximea  des  Saints;"  bat  the 
subject  has  been  amply  and  most  im- 
partially discussed  by  Cardinal  Beaus- 
set, the  biographer  of  both,  and 
equally  to  their  credit.  See  Vie  de 
Bossuet,  (tom.  ill.  p.  281,  &c.  and  347;) 
also.  Vie  de  Fenelon  (livres  ii.  et  iii.) 
with  les  Pieces  Just^ficatives, 

Bossuet's  "  Exposition,"  first  publish- 
ed at  the  close  of  J  67 1 ,  was  immediate- 
ly translated  into  every  European  Ian. 
guage, — into  English  by  the  Abb^ 
Montagu  (Walter,  second  son  of  the 


*  This  Cardinal,  who  died  shortly  after  Bossuet  had  published  his  work,  (1674,)  was 
equally  eminent  for  bis  learning  and  piety.  On  the  decease  of  Clement  IX.  in  1669, 
he  was  named  amongst  those  worthy  of  the  tiara  ;  when  a  French  Jesuit,  (Fere  Dan- 
gi^res,)  in  reply  to  a  line  inscribed,  as  usual  on  these  occasions,  on  the  statue  of  Pas- 
qiixn — **  Papa  Bona  sarcbbe  un  solecismo," — made  the  following  epigram  : — 

*'  Grammaticse  leges  plenimque  Ecclesia  spernit : 
Forte  erit  ut  liceat  dicere  Papa  Bona. 
Vana  solaecismi  ne  te  conturbet  imago  : 
Esset  Papa  bonus,  si  Bona  Papa  erit.*' 

The  successful  candidate,  however,  was  Cardinal  Emilio  Altieri,  who  assumed  the 
kkame  of  Clement  X. 
t  Quinti  Calabri  ISmymcci  UapaKunofiii^,  (lib.  13,  v.  346.  ed.  Argentor.  1807»  8vo.) 


1840.] 


The  Fate  of  ancient  MS.  Libraries. 


first  Earl  of  Manchester)  in  1672,  and 
into  Irish  by  Father  Porter,  a  Francis- 
can of  the  Convent  of  St.  Isidore  in 
Rome  in  1675.  Its  influence  on  Tu- 
renne,  not  a  little  aided,  we  may  natu- 
rally suppose,  by  the  countenance  of 
Louis  XIV.,  and  on  others,  is  well 
known.  J.  R. 

(7h  he  continued.) 


Mr.  Urban, 


Jan.  7* 


IT  is  difficult  to  reconcile  the  ac- 
count given  by  Bale  of  the  wholesale 
destruction  of  manuscripts  at  the  Re- 
formation, with  the  large  number  in 
every  collection  which  can  be  traced 
to  have  belonged  to  various  English 
monasteries.  Still  less  can  we 
imagine,  at  least  from  the  catalogues 
we  possess,  that  such  multitudes  of 
books  were  sent  abroad  at  that  period, 
"  not  in  small  nom-bre,  but  at  tymes 
whole  shippes  full,  to  the  wonderynge 
of  the  foren  nacyons."  That  the  most 
valuable  portionsof  many  monastic  col- 
lections still  remain,  I  have  no  doubt; 
and,  if  the  labour  of  identification  were 
not  too  great,  further  proofs  might 
probably  be  discovered. 

In  the  library  of  Jesus  College, 
Cambridge,  are  still  preserved  about 
fifty  manuscripts  which  formerly  be- 
longed to  the  Cathedral  church  of 
Durham :  Mr.  Hunter  mentioned  one 
volume  in  the  Appendix  to  the  last 
Report  of  the  Record  Commissioners. 
By  comparing  these  books  with  their 
descriptions  given  in  the  ancient  ca- 
talogues recently  published  by  the 
Surtees  Society,  we  shall  be  better  able 
to  judge  with  what  degree  of  correct- 
ness such  catalogues  were  constructed. 

MS,  Jes.  Coll,  Q,  r.  29. 

Codex  Membranaceus,  in  12mo.  Sec.xij. 

1.  Epistola  Jeronimi  ad  Demetriedem 
virginem. 

2.  Dicta  Anselmi  Archiepiscopi. 

3.  Sermo  Sancti  Augustini  de  peni- 
tentia. 

4.  Collateresquatuor  virtutum,  in  ver- 
sibus. 

5.  De  duodeeim  lapidibus,  in  versibus. 

6.  Orationes  sive  meditationes  An- 
selmi. 

7.  Monologion  ejusdem. 

8.  Prosologion  ejusdem. 

9.  Liber  Augustini  episcopi  de  pre- 
sentia  summi  et  veritate  omnipotentis 
Dei. 

10.  Seneca  de  institutione  morum. 

11.  Collatio  Seiapionis. 


12.  De  vestimentis  sacerdotalibu 

13.  Petitiones. 

14.  Dictiones  metriiicandit 

15.  Computus  astronomicus. 

16.  Fragmentum  biblie,  cum  gli 

This  MS.  is  thus  described 
Surtees  volume,  p.  19  : — 

''Epistolse  Jerommi  ad  Demet 
virginem.     Dicta  Anselmi.     Sern 
gustini  de  penitentia.    Meditatioi 
selmi.    Prosologion  ejusdem.   A 
de  prsesentia  Dei.      Seneca  dt 
tione  monim.     Collacio  Serapioiua 
vestimentis  sacerdotalibug.    Tract 
arte  metrica.      Item  Compotus  1 
Geometrise.       Et    lamentaciones 


mue. 


ff 


This  is,  on  the  whole,  very  j  ^ 
rate ;  but  what  did  the  compiler  u 
by  compottis  practica  geometritB, 
these  words  certainly  ought  not  U#  uc 
divided  as  the  Editor  of  the  Surtees 
publication  has  them  ? )  The  tract  re- 
ferred to  is  a  very  common  one  in 
early  MSS.  and  treats  of  ecclesiasti- 
cal computation ;  but  what  geometry 
has  to  do  with  it  is  another  question. 
Perhaps  it  may  be  "  Compotus.  Prac- 
tica Geometriae,"  and  the  last  tract  lost. 

We  will  now  take  an  Instance  of  an 
extremely  superficial  description  : — 

MS,  Jes,  Colli  Q.  r.  11. 

Membranaceus,  8vo.     Sec.  xiv. 

1.  Meditatio  de  custodia  interioris  ho- 
minis. 

2.  Excerpta  de  patribus,  et  aliis  au- 
thoribus. 

3.  Gulielmus  Parisiensis  de  fide  et  le- 
gibus. 

4.  Dialogus  de  Deo  et  animahumana. 

5.  Confessio  Johannis  Wickliffe  de 
prsesentia  corporali  in  sacramento  al- 
taris. 

6.  De  sacerdotum  negligentia  in  Divi- 
nis  officiis. 

7.  Excerpta  quaedam  ex  patribus  de 
oratione. 

8.  Aluredus  Rievallensis  Abbas  de 
anima. 

9.  Tractatus  de  mundo  fugiendo. 
10.  De  peccato  originali. 

Which  is  thus  described  in  the  Ca- 
talogi  Veteres,  p,  72  : — 

**  Willielmus  Parisiensis  de  fideet  legi- 
bus,  in  quinque  Ubris ;  cum  meditatione 
cujusdam  sapientis  de  custodia  interioris 
hominis  precedente ;  et  cum  confessione 
Magistri  Johannis  WyclyfF  de  sacramento 
altaris  subsequente;  cum  aliis." 

1  wish  it  were  in  my  power  to  have 
given  a  complete  and  authenticated 


152      Library  of  Rievauhf  Abbey,  SfC^^DhenUm  ofPnrley.       \9A. 


list  of  those  MSS.  in  Jesus  College 
library  which  are  described  in  the 
Sartees  volame,  but  I  am  compelled 
to  defer  it  for  the  present.  I  wish, 
however,  to  make  a  few  observations 
on  other  monastic  libraries. 

The  cover  of  the  MS.  N.  B.  17,  in 
the  library  of  Jesus  College,  I  found 
on  examination  to  contain  a  few  writ- 
ten vellum  leaves,  and,  on  opening  and 
cleaning  them,  they  proved  to  be  a 
complete  and  very  curious  catalogue 
of  the  books  belonging  to  the  Abbey 
of  Rievaulx  in  the  thirteenth  century. 
As  I  have  made  a  transcript  of  this 
MS.  for  publication,  I  shall  here  only 
give  a  few  short  extracts  illustrative 
of  its  general  nature  : — 

"  Ailredas  de  vita  sancti  Edwardi.  De 
generositate  et  moribus  et  morte  regis 
David.  De  vita  sancti  Niniani  episcopi. 
De  miraculis  Haugustald*  ecclesie.  In  uno 
volumine. 

**  Ambrosius  de  virginibus  et  de  Nabu- 
the,  et  sermo  ejus  de  jejunio,  et  libellas 
Rioardi  Prions  de  Benjamin  et  fratribus 
ejus.  De  quibusdam  partibus  mundi. 
De  septem  mirabilibus  Kome.  De  quin« 
que  plagis  Anglie.  In  uno  volumine, 

**  Orosius  de  ormesta  mundi.  Historia 
Daretis  de  hello  Trojano,  et  versus  Petri 
Abailardi  ad  filiumi  et  cronica  de  AngUa. 
In  uno  volumine. 

**  Quedam  nominum  et  verborum  expo- 
sitio  in  epistolas  Paull,  et  versus  de 
ChristOy  et  de  sacramentis  fidei  quorun- 
dam  patrum  sermones.  In  wio  volumine. 

**  Enchiridion  et  versus  cujusdam  de 
morte  Roberti  Bloet,  episcopi  Lincolnien- 
sis ;  et  difficlliores  partes  veteris  ac  novi 
Testament!.  In  uno  volumine.  *  * 

Mr.  Hunter,  in  his  valuable  little 
volume  on  English  Monastic  Libraries, 
has  mentioned  the  library  of  St.  Au- 
gustine's, at  Canterbury,  but  he  does 
not  appear  to  have  been  aware  that  a 
very  valuable  catalogue  of  this  collec- 
tion, made  in  the  14th  century,  is  in 
MS.  Galba,  E.  iv.  in  the  Cottonian 
collection.  This  catalogue,  although 
consisting  chiefly  of  theological  works, 
contains  many  very  curious  and  inter- 
esting articles.  In  the  Public  Library 
at  Cambridge  (li.  3.  12.)  is  a  list  of 
books  belonging  to  a  member  of  this 
house  in  the  fifteenth  century,  consist- 
ing of  five  folio  pages ;  this  collection 
was  probably  given  to  the  monastery, 
because  the  volume  in  which  it  is 
found,  and  which  is  inserted  in  the 
catalogue,  has  a  note  of  presentation 
on  fol.  2,  r^. 


It  is  not  unusual  to  find  stray  to. 
lumes  from  the  old  monastic  librarica 
in  booksellers'  catalogues  of  the  pre- 
sent day :  in  Mr.  Bohn's  Sale  LAti  9f 
Foreign  Theology,  (8vo.  1839f  p*  14,) 
will  be  found  a  MS.  of  the  I2di  cen- 
tury, containing — 

1.  Hieronymi  epistolae, 

2.  Ejusdem  res  musicae.    fol.  Membr. 

which  formerly  belonged  to  the  library 
of  the  great  Abbey  of  St.  Mary 
without  the  Walls  of  York.  This  is 
perhaps  another  argument  for  what  I 
have  said  above  against  the  literal 
truth  of  Bale's  narrative. 

Yours,  &c.    J.  O.  HALLiWKLt. 


tooke's  diversions  op  purlby,  akd 
Richardson's  English  oictionart. 

Mr.  Urban, 

A  FEW  months  ago  an  old  friend, 
intimate  with  my  lexicographical  la- 
bours from   their  commencement  to 
their  close,  suggested  to  me  that  a 
good  Zoilean  criticism  upon  my  Dic- 
tionary might  eventually  be  of  consi- 
derable service  to  accelerate  the  popu- 
larity of  the  book.    He  founded  his 
expectation  upon   the  old    maxim — 
"  Magna  est  Veritas  et  prsevalebit ;  " 
and  being  able  himself  to  keep  a  sin- 
gle-eyed view  of  the  matter  steadily 
before  him,  without  any  of  the  sensitive- 
ness of  authorship,  he  could  wish  me 
exposed  to   the  brunt  of  the   battle, 
without  apprehension  for  my  safety 
or    renown.     In    his   fearlessness  of 
final  victory,  I  did  not  hesitate  to  ex- 
press my   own    participation,  yet    I 
could  not  but  acknowledge  that  there 
were  other  modes  of  attracting  fiivonr- 
able  notice,  to  which  I  shotdd  give  a 
decided  preference.     I  could  not  but 
feel  conscious  that,  having  worked  so 
hard  and  unceasingly  in  harness  for 
a  number  of  years,   with  scarcely  a 
respite  for    recruiting  my    strength, 
or     reanimating    ray     spirits,    some 
tender  places  might  be  worn;    abd 
that,  if  the  whip  should  be  placed  in 
the  hands  of  some  dashing  Jehu,  as 
perhaps  it  might,  more  ostentatious  of 
himself  than  forbearing  to  his  cattle, 
he  might,  for  the  mere  purpose  of  dis- 
playing the  dexterity  with  which  he 
coald    throw  the  lash,  touch  me  (the 
expression  is  rendered  classical  by  re- 
cent parliamentary  usage)  rather  too 
smartly  upon  the  raw. 


1840.] 


Richardsotis  New  English  Diciiomry. 


153 


No  such  infliction  has  hitherto  he- 
fallen  me,  and  those  intenerate  spots, 
for  whose  concealment  I  might  feel 
solicitous,  whether  from  want  of  skill 
to  detect  or  of  design  to  pain  them, 
remain  to  the  present  hour,  like  "  un- 
divulged  crimes  unwhipt  of  justice." 

A  gentleman,  who  now  for  the  se- 
cond time  appears  before  us  as  Editor 
of  the  ETTca  IlTfpofin-a,  (a  work,  which 
should  have  a  scholar  for  its  Editor, 
or  none,)  has  had  the  graciousness  to 
bestow  some  of  his  attentions  upon 
me,  but  in  a  tone  so  subdued  and 
feeble,  that  1  scarcely  suspect  him  to 
be  desirous  of  arousing  me  to  recipro- 
cate his  courtesy.  I  am  quite  sure, 
that  he  is  not  the  assailant  to  satisfy 
the  hopes  of  my  friend ;  who,  how- 
ever inclined  to  emperil  me  in  the  risks 
of  strife,  felt  a  confidence  that,  if  I 
entered  the  field,  I  should  earn,  and 
be  repaid  by,  the  honours  of  a  triumph. 
For  my  own  part,  I  am  warmed  by 
Ro  faint  a  glow  of  chivalric  valiancy, 
that  I  am  quite  content  to  see  Mr. 
Richard  Taylor  advance  as  my  anta- 
gonist :  and,  if  he  were  not  presumed 
to  have  acquired  a  simulate  importance 
by  taking  his  stand  upon  the  solid  base 
of  Tooke's  reputation,  1  should,  I 
think,  have  allowed  him  to  taint  my 
shield,  and  pass  by — without  any  at- 
tempt or  any  ambition  to  break  a  lance 
with  him  in  the  lists. 

I  have,  however,  a  preliminary  to 
settle  with  the  learned  Typographer. 
In  the  Edition  of  the  Diversions   of 
Parley  printed  and  published  by  him 
in    the   year    1829>   he  quoted    from 
the   Monthly  Review  for  Jan.   1817, 
a  sweeping  censure  upcyi  my  Jlluitra- 
tions  of  English  Philology,  conveyed 
in     the     following     terms  :  —  "  Mr. 
Richardson    pursues    the    same    un- 
trackcd  course,  (as  Home  Tooke,)  and 
often  connects  (like  Mr.  Whiter  in  his 
Etymologicon)  words  as  obviously  dis- 
tinct   in  pedigree   as  a  negro  and  a 
white."     Now  the  fact  is,  that,  in  my 
small  volume,  I  had  myself  connected 
no  words  whatever ;  all  the  connec- 
tions were  the  workmanship,  goo<l  or 
bad,  of  Tooke   alone :    and   I    have 
i^ome  reason   to  complain  of  the  dis- 
ingcnuousness  of  Mr.  Taylor,  in  pre- 
serving   from  the   oblivion   of  a   pe- 
riodical  journal,     in    the    pages    of 
a    work    not  his   own,    and  there- 

GI.XT.  Mao.  Vol.  XIIL 


fore  not,  on  that  account,  obnoxious 
to  the  same  speedy  submersion 
from  public  regard, — but  in  the  pages 
of  a  work  which  no  clumsy  or 
hostile  editorship  will  ever  over- 
whelm or  suppress ; — I  have,  I  say, 
some  reason  to  complain  of  this,  inas- 
much as  in  a  letter  addressed  to  Mr. 
Taylor,  and  which  1  know  he  received, 
I  informed  him  of  the  error  (and  it  is 
not  the  only  one  of  the  kind)  into 
which  the  Monthly  Critic  had  too 
hastily  fallen.  I  am  compelled  to 
suppose  that  Mr.  T.  wished  to  add 
weight  to  his  own  imputations  upon 
the  soundness  of  my  principles  of 
Philology,  by  thus  stealing  into  the 
minds  of  his  reader  the  apparent  au- 
thority of  the  Reviewer  in  prejudice 
against  roe.  He  only  knows  whether 
his  act  is  to  be  ascribed  to  inadver- 
tence or  intention  ;  but  1  am  the  more 
desirous  to  divest  him  of  any  advantage 
which  he  may  imagine  himself  to  re- 
ceive from  his  critical  auxiliary,  be- 
cause to  the  opinion  of  that  auxiliary, 
when  fairly  given,  I  attach  a  greater 
value  than  I  fix  upon  his  own,  and 
one  reason  for  the  distinction  is,  that, 
if  the  reviewer  condemns  me  for  a  fault 
which  I  have  not  committed,  he  also 
awards  a  full  measure  of  approbation 
to  the  industry  and  judgment  displayed 
in  my  Illustrations,  and  to  the  great 
and  lasting  service  rendered  by  me  to 
English  philology. 

There  is,  Mr.  Urban,  in  the  ad- 
ditional notes  prefixed  to  his  author, 
another  instance  in  which  Mr.  R. 
Taylor  manifests  a  desire  to  give  vi- 
gour to  his  blow  by  calling  to  bis  aid 
the  arm  of  a  stronger  combatant  than 
himself.  He  affirms  that  my  large 
collection  of  examples,  serviceable  as 
it  may  be  to  philologists  and  to  future 
lexicographers,  is  most  injudiciously 
arranged ;  and  he  refers,  in  confirma- 
tion, to  a  well-known  article  in  the 
Quarterly  Review,  *  in  which  the 
author  of  the  Lexicon  (as  it  is  termed 
in  the  Encyclopedia  Metropolitana)  is 
favourably  mentioned,  but  his  chrono- 
logical arrangement  of  quotations  dis- 
approved,— because  it  enforced  a  neces- 
sity of  not  unfrequently  producing  an 
instance  of  a  metaphorical  usage  before 


*  Vol.  LI.  p.  172. 


154  Tooke'i  Diver^ioni  ofPurley,  by  Taylor.  [Feb* 

the  literal  meaning  was  exempli-  Mr.  Taylor  now  stands  before  va, 
fied.^  Mr.  Urban,  divested  of  every  particle 
I  was  perfectly  aware  that  some  in-  of  borrowed  strength ;  and  there  re- 
convenience  must  attend  upon  my  me-  mains  one  general  charge  to  be  dis- 
thod  of  proceeding ;  but  I  knew  of  no  posed  of,  originating  in  his  own  sole 
method  without  its  accompanying  and  unaided  ingenuity :  and  it  is  this« 
inconvenience,  and  I  was  convinced  — he  makes  it  a  ground  of  aceusatioa 
that  the  advantages  secured  by  an  against  me,  that  I  have  really  some 
uniform  adherence  to  chronology  (thus  pre-conceived  system  of  philology ; 
continually  presenting  some  slip,  if  that  1  have  pre-established  in  my  own 
I  may  so  call  it,  of  a  genealogical  mind  certain  principles  as  to  the  mewi- 
tablet  of  the  English  language)  were  ing  of  words;  and  that,  in  myezplana* 
sufficient  to  entitle  it  to  my  choice,  tions,  I  have  proceeded  in  conform- 
In  the  Quarterly  Review  for  Sept.  ity  to  them.  This  is  certainly  a  de- 
1836  my  Dictionary  is  again  the  subject  fault  which  I  cannot  retort  qpon  him. 
of  criticism,  and,  after  some  compli-  The  sentence  pronounced  by  Tooke 
mentary  expressions,  which — but  for  upon  a  brother  editor,  and  to  which 
the  insatiability  of  an  author's  appe-  Mr.  Taylor  first  gave  publicity  in  no 
tite  for  praise — might  be  adjudged  tender  regard  to  the  feelings  of  a  feU 
abundant  enough,  the  Reviewer  de-  low  labourer,  is  far  more  appro- 
clares  himself  to  be  still  of  opinion,  priate,  as  characteristic  of  his  penury 
that  it  would  be  a  more  scientific  and,  in  the  philosophy  of  speech:  *'He 
in  all  respects,  preferable  arrange-  knows  as  little  as  heart  can  wish  of 
ment  to  give  f  the  signification  of  the  signification  of  words. "  %  It 
words  in  the  natural  order  of  succes-  is  he,  however,  who  presumes  to  affirm 
sion ;  and  he  suggests  that  a  chrono-  that  a  Dictionary  formed  upon  such 
logical  arrangement  of  authors  would  principles  as  mine  can  only  mislead 
enable  every  reader  to  classify  the  and  bewilder :  I  sincerely  regret  this 
quotations  according  to  their  respec-  unfortunate  effect  upon  his  under- 
tive  ages.  But  the  question  between  standing,  but  I  profess  no  surprise, 
u»  is  fairly  before  the  literary  world ;  and  prescribe  no  remedy, 
and  it  has  already,  I  believe,  been  so  In  April  183G  §  you  permitted  me« 
fully  decided  in  my  favour,  that  I  am  Mr.  Urban,  to  present  an  exposition 
not  much  concerned  about  the  weight  of  those  principles  to  the  readers  of 
which  Mr,  R.  Taylor  may  be  able  to  your  Miscellany;  they  were  no  novel- 
throw  into  the  scale  of  my  opponent,  ties ;  they  were  authorized  by  names 

*  The  instance  referred  to  by  the  Reviewer  is  rather  an  unlucky  one  ;  and  thews 
that,  if  Homer  sometimes  nods,  Aristarchus  may  sometimes  dose.  It  is  this,  from 
Chaucer, — 

"  His  comb  was  redder  than  the  fin  corall, 
Embatteledf  as  it  were  a  castell  wall." 

This,  says  the  critic,  common  sense  tells  us  is  a  metaphorical  usage,  and  it  ought  to 
be  preceded  by  a  simple  one.  Now,  it  is  obvious  that  by  the  words — '*  as  it  were  a 
castell  waQ/*  the  simple  usage  of  '^  embatteled  "  is  very  fairly  established.  And  it 
might  be  added,  that  the  literal  meaning  ought  to  be  shewn  by  the  etymology,  and 
cannot,  in  a  language  like  ours — derived  from  various  sources — be  regularly  confirmed 
or  illustrated  by  examples.  How  many  words  received  from  the  Latin  neter  are  and 
never  were  used  by  us,  except  metaphorically.  Even  of  home-bred  words  there  arc 
many  which  have  always  been  confined  to  speech,  or,  at  farthest,  extended  only  to 
the  written  intercourse  of  private  life,  or  the  communications  of  business.  Our  first 
authors  were  assuredly  neither  tillers  of  the  earth,  nor  workers  at  the  bench  or  the 
forge,  or  the  loom.  Suppose  the  critic's  plan  adopted,  where  practicable,  the 
author*B  (which  is  uniformly  practicable)  must  in  all  other  cases  be  pursued ;  and 
what  a  picture  of  confusion  would  the  pages  of  the  Dictionary  have  exhibited,  if  part 
had  been  constructed  upon  one  scale  and  part  upon  another. 

t  The  reviewer  means — to  exemplify.  In  the  explanations  this  arrangement  if 
adopted,  with  little  other  effect  upon  Mr.  Taylor  than  to  puzzle  him. 

X  Div.  of  Purley,  p.  410,  n. 

§  P.  373)  et  seq.    See  also  p.  44,  of  the  Pref.  to  the  4to.  Dictionary. 


V 


1840.] 


Richardson's  New  English  Dictionary. 


155 


long  known  and  revered ;  and  my  only 
merit  is  that,  I  have  in  practice  en- 
deavoured to  avail  myself  of  their  as- 
sistance. But  this  is  my  merit ; 
though  I  must  not  expect  that  such 
philologers  as  Mr.  T.  will  be  either 
able  to  appreciate  or  willing  to  allow 
it.  It  is  quite  evident  that  this  Gent, 
twice  the  editor  of  the  Diversions  of 
l*urlcy,  has  profited  so  little  from  the 
study  of  his  author,  (i(  studied  him  he 
has,)  and  what  is  worse,  from  my 
exertions  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  to 
illustrate  and  expound  the  doctrines 
which,  to  my  mind,  that  author  has  so 
clearly  and  so  forcibly  inculcated,  as 
not  to  have  the  slightest  conception  of 
the  difference  between  the  meaning 
and  consequent  application  of  a  word.* 
I  suspect  the  very  confident  Typogra- 
pher to  be  possessed  by  that  danger- 
ous thing — a  little  learning,  (I  do  not 
allude  to  his  attainments  in  particular 
languages,  but  in  the  principles  com- 
mon to  all,)  which  so  frequently  ren- 
ders its  victim  too  opinionated  to  be 
docile;  and  thus  debars  him  from  the 
reception  of  that  very  instruction  of 
which  he  is  most  in  need. 

It  was  said  of  a  celebrated  lawyer. 
Lord  Mardwicke,  if  I  remember  rightly* 
that  his  doubts  were  of  more  value  than 
the  certainties  of  other  men.  Mr. 
Tavlor  seems  to  claim  for  himself 
some  pre-eminence  as  a  suggester  of 
doubts.  In  1829  he  had  suggested 
that  Tooke's  explanation  of  for,  from 
the  Latin /or-i5,  would  "not  apply  to 
the  generality  of  cases."  In  1839  he 
reminds  us  of  his  having  done  so,  and 
laconically  adds — "  Mr.  Richardson, 
however,  in  his  New  Dictionary,  ad- 
heres to  it."  This  is  very  provoking, 
undoubtedly ;  but  it  may,  perhaps, 
abate  the  soreness  of  the  learned 
f^itor,  to  be  informed  that  my 
delinquency  in  adhering  to  the  cer- 
tainties of  Ilorne  Tooke,  upon  the 
convictions  of  ray  own  understanding, 
had  been  committed  in  the  £ncyclo- 
piedia  Metropolitana  full  two  years 
before  he  had  committed  his  sug- 
gestive scepticism  to  the  press;  and 
I  du  think  that  he  has,  in  an  un- 
guarded moment,  been  pushed  beyond 


the  modesty  of  his  nature,  to  expect 
that  I  should  sweep  from  my  pages, 
upon  his  bare  intimation  of  a  doubt, 
the  double  assurances  of  authority  and 
reason. 

It  is  not  my  wish  to  trouble  you, 
Mr.  Urban,  with  one  word  in  defence 
of  the  individual  etymologies  or  ex- 
planations by  which  the  distaste  of 
the  Editor  of  the  Diversions  of  Parley 
has  been  so  painfully  excited.  I  be- 
lieve in  every  instance  (and  their 
number  is  very  small)  they  are  founded 
upon,  if  not  immediately  sustained  by, 
the  authority  of  his  book.  It  has  not, 
indeed,  suited  him  to  carry  his  aggres- 
sions so  far  as  to  molest  me  where  I 
stand  alone.  If  any  readers  of  his 
notes,  or  of  your  Miscellany,  should 
be  desirous  to  arrive  at  a  right  con- 
clusion in  any  case,  where  the  anno- 
tator  has  placed  himself  at  issue 
against  the  text  of  his  own  author, 
and  the  expositions  of  it  occasionally 
proffered  in  the  New  English  Dictio- 
nary, it  will  be  incumbent  upon  them 
to  read  us  in  the  pages  of  our  own 
books.  The  mutilated,  I  will  not  say 
the  garbled,  quotations,t  which  Mr. 
T.  has  exhibited  from  my  Dictionary, 
might,  perhaps,  have  the  effect  of 
producing  a  state  of  bewilderment  and 
perplexity,  not  exceeded  by  that  in 
which  he  is  himself  involved. 

These  quotations  are  accompanied 
by  brief  comments,  which  present  as 
decided  evidences  of  their  writer's  ca- 
pacity to  form  a  correct  judgment,  as 
the  quotations  themselves  are  of  his 
disposition  to  pronounce  a  fair  one. 

One  observation  more,  Mr.  Urban, 
upon  Mr.  Taylor  and  his  performances, 
and  I  have  done  :  if  he  were  a  person 
who,  in  the  character  of  a  critic,  had 
displayed  any  qualifications  which 
could  induce  me,  in  the  character  of 
an  author,  to  fear  him  as  an  adver- 
sary or  court  him  as  an  ally,  I  might 
be  sensible  of  regret  that,  out  of  the 
2000  pages  of  my  Dictionary,  he  has 
not  been  able  or  willing  to  select  a 
single  passage  upon  which  he  could 
bestow  the  pittance  of  his  approval. 

I  am,  &c.    C.  R. 
Tulse  Hill,  Jan.  1840. 


♦  Mr.  Taylor  refers  to  my  lllostrations  of  English  Philology.     It  may  be  of  icr- 
vire  to  him  to  read  §  It.  of  the  3rd  Letter. 

t  Mr.  Taylor  8«y»~I  hare  wholly  omitted /or«.^o ;  he  will  find  it  in  the  very  same 
rolumn  m  the  very  same  page  in  which  he  found /ore- Mia  A  (from  Wilgon*8  Rhetoric.) 
He  a»k»— Can  Mr.  R.  be  igoonat  9(  Uio  oistcncc  of  Dr.  Webster's  DictioBary  >    I 
icfer  film  tv  my  Pntsptetw. 


156 
THE  FRENCH  HISTORICAL  COMMISSION. 

SINCE  our  Oct.  number,  in  which  we  expressed  some  uncertainty  as  to  the 
proceedings  of  the  Historical  (or  Record)  Commission  in  France,  we  have  re- 
ceived, together  with  many  new  volumes  of  its  publications,  the  Reports  of  its 
different  Committees,  and  we  think  it  will  be  by  no  means  uninteresting  to  our 
readers,  if  we  give  a  slight  sketch  of  what  they  are  doing.  The  perseverance 
with  which  our  neighbours  arc  pursuing  their  interesting  labours,  ought  to 
stimulate  us  also  to  take  measures  for  snatching  from  oblivion  the  records  and 
monuments  of  our  national  history. 

The  French  Historical   Commission  came  into  life  just  before  the  period 
when  our  own  Record  Commission  was  obliged  to  cease  from  its  labours.     Its 
first  foundation  was  laid  in   1834,  by  M.  Guizot,  then  Minister  of  Public 
Instruction.     A  grant  of  120,000  francs  (something  less  than  5000/.)  a  year 
was  passed  by  the  Chambers,  for  carrying  out  its  objects.     We  believe  that  the 
sum  thus  granted  has  been  varied  in  diflferent  years  since  that  time.     A  very 
few  months  elapsed  from  the  establishment  of  the  commission  to  the  appear- 
ance, in  1835,  of  the  three  first  volumes  of  its  publications,  under  the  general 
title   of  Collection   de  Documents  inedits  mr  VHistoire  de  France,  public  par 
Ordre  du  Roi  et  par  les  soins  du  Ministre   de  V Instruction  Public,  uniformly 
printed  in  handsome  4to.  volumes.     These  were,  a  Journal  of  the  proceedings 
of   the    States-General  of    France,  held  at  Tours  in  1484,  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  VIII.  and  two  volumes  of  a  more  extensive  series  of  Correspondence 
and  papers  concerning  the  negotiations  relating  to  the  succession  to  the  Crown 
of  Spain,  by  the  house  of  Bourbon,  in  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV.  an  event  which 
involved  all   Europe  in  war  at  the  beginning  of  the  last  century,  and  which 
has  had  a  great  influence  on  European  politics  ever  since.     This  work  is  edited 
by  the  historian  Mignet.     At  the  same  time  appeared  also  the  first  volume  of 
a  collection  of  documents  from  the  archives  of  the  Ministere  de  la  Guerre,  re- 
lating to  the  military  transactions  of  the  same  period,  edited  by  General  Pelet, 
under  the  title  of  Memoires  Militaires.   These  publications  were  followed  in  1836 
by  three  others,  the  inedited  works  of  Peter  Abelard,  edited  by  Victor  Cousin ;  the 
minutes  of  the  deliberations  of  the  Council  of  Charles  VIII. ;  and  the  second 
volume  of  the  collection  of  Military  Memoirs  relating  to  the  War  of  theSuccession. 
It  should  be  observed  that  this  latter  work  is  accompanied  with  a  magnificent 
atlas.  In  1837,  the  Commission  issued  five  volumes,  of  which  the  two  first,  the 
'*  Livre  dcs  Metiers  et  les  Reglemcns  sur  les  Arts  et  Metiers,"  and  the  "Taille 
dc  Paris,'*  besides  illustrating  generally  the  manners  of  former  times,  throw 
much  light  on  the  condition  of  the  French  capital  in  the  Middle  Ages.  Two  others, 
the  history  of  the  crusade  against  the  Albigenses,  in  Proven9al  verse,  by  Wil- 
liam of  Tudela;  and  the  first  volume  of  the  Anglo-Norman  Metrical  Chronicle  by 
Bcnoit :  the  former  edited  by  M.  Fauriel,  the  latter  by  M.  Michel,  arc  important 
monuments  of  literature  as  well  as  of  history.  The  fifth  volume  was  a  specimen  of 
a  truly  noble  national  work,  which  the  Commission  has  projected,  the  Stalistique 
Monumentale  of  France ;  this  specimen  being  confined  to  the  two  arrondisse- 
ments  of  Nancy   and   Toul,   and    containing    a  complete  survey,   with  nu- 
merous folio  plates  of  every  monument  in  those  arrondisscments  which  belong 
to  a  date  previous  to  the  seventeenth  century.     The  works  issued  during  the 
year  1838,  were,  the  third  volume  of  the  Military  Memoirs,  and  the  second 
volume  of  the  Chronicle  of  Benoit,  with  the  reports  on  the  political  state  of 
France,   made  by  the   Venetian    Ambassadors  in  the    l6th  century,  in  two 
volumes,  and  a  very  useful  work  entitled   Elements  of  Paleography,  in  two 
very  large  folio  volumes,  illustrated  by  fine  plates  of  fac-similes  of  writing,  and 
of  seals. 

The  volumes  issued  by  the  Historical  Commission  during  the  past  year  were 
more  numerous  than  in  any  of  the  preceding  yearj?.  They  were,  I.  the  Me- 
trical History  of  the  famous  Bcrtrand  du  Gucsclin,  by  a  trouvere  named  Cuva- 
lier,  in  two  volumes.  This  interesting  work  is  valuable  to  the  English  historian, 
for  the  information  it  gives  relating  to  the  wars  between  the  two  countries  in 
the  reign  of  Edward  III.  and  more  particularly  to  the  expedition  of  the  Black 
Prince  into  Spain.  '2.  The  two  first  volumes  of  a  selection  of  the  ai  chives  of  the 


1840.] 


The  French  Historical  Commission. 


157 


city  of  Reims.  3.  The  diplomatic  correspondence  of  De  Soordts,  Archbishop  of 
Bordeaux,  relating  to  the  naval  operations  under  Liouis  XIII.  in  three  volumes, 
edited  by  Eugene  Sue.  4.  The  first  volume  of  the  Latin  Chronicle  of  a  monk 
of  St.  Denis,  relating  to  the  latter  part  of  the  fourteenth  century. 

it  will  be  seen,  by  the  foregoing  list  of  publications,  that  the  labours  of  the 
French  Historical  Commission  embrace  a  wide  and  varied  field.  The  Com- 
mission was,  in  the  first  place,  divided  into  three  Committees,  which  severally 
devoted  themselves  to  the  history  of  the  literature  and  language  of  France,  to 
political  history,  and  to  the  history  of  science.  In  the  beginning  of  the  year 
1S38  were  formed  two  new  Committees,  the  object  of  one  of  which  was  to 
preserve  and  publish  surveys  of  the  monumental  antiquities  of  France, 
whilst  the  other  was  occupied  with  the  "  moral  and  political  sciences."  We 
have  now  received  the  several  Reports  of  these  five  Committees,  published  in 
1839,  and  will  lay  before  our  readers  the  most  interesting  parts  of  their  con- 
tents. We  will  take  them  in  the  same  order  in  which  they  are  presented 
to  us. 

The  first  Committee,  that  of  Language  and  Literature,  has  not  yet  issued  a 
single  publication  ;  but  it  has  long  been  occupied  in  discussing  and  preparing 
a  work  of  great  importance.  The  work  to  which  we  allude,  is  intended  to  form 
a  complete  comparative  series  of  monuments  of  the  French  language  during  the 
Middle  Ages,  beginning  with  the  twelfth  century.  In  order  to  make  the  com- 
{)arison  a^i  ea^^y  and  perfect  as  possible,  it  has  been  determined  to  take  a  cer- 
tain portion  of  the  Bible,  and  to  give  this  portion  from  the  vernacular  transla- 
tions as  they  arc  found  in  manuscripts  of  different  dates  during  the  period  just 
mentioned.  The  publication  of  various  other  works  is  contemplated;  and  none 
will  be  more  interesting  to  the  general  reader  than  the  correspondence  of  Mar- 
guerite d'Angoulcme,  the  famous  Queen  of  Navarre,  to  whose  pen  we  owe  the 
Cent  Nouvellea. 


"  This  princcM,  the  most  remarkable 
woman  of  her  time,  has  left  a  reputation 
for  wit,  that  seems  to  be  rather  an  echo  of 
the  opinion  of  her  contem|>oniriM»  than 
the  reKult  of  the  unfaithful  and  mutilated 
publication  of  her  so  celebrated  contet; 
indi'cil,  the  publinhers,  in  their  deplorable 
lov(;  of  the  fteau  laugage,  have  not  left  a 
suit;U'  phradv  of  the  excelleut  language  of 
the  author  im touched.  But  her  corres- 
pondenrc,  of  which  Mr.  (i(>nin(  the  secre- 
tary of  this  Committer)  is  collecting  and 
nrranKing  the  mat(*rials,  will  be  more  than 
Mitticient  to  justify  the  praise  which  has 
been  ipveu  to  the  Queen  of  Navarre* 
These  letters  are  addressed  to  the  King  or 


to  M.  dc  Montmorency,  grand  master,  af- 
terwards constable  of  France.  To  judge 
of  the  historical  interest  which  they  pos- 
sess, it  is  sufficient  to  know  that  there  are 
twenty-five  written  in  Spain,  where  Mar- 
guerite went  to  negodate  the  deliverance 
of  her  brother,  prisoner  of  Charles  the 
Fifth  after  the  battle  of  Pavia.  This  cor- 
re8i>ondence,  entirely  inedited,  will  be 
accompanied  with  notes  on  the  personages 
whose  names  occur  most  frequently,  and 
to  illustrate  the  allusions,  without  the  ex- 
])lanatioii  of  which  the  interest  of  the 
reader  diminishes  in  proportion  to  the 
obscurity  of  the  book.'' 


The  second  Committee  is  entitled  the  Committee  of  Charters,  Chronicles,  and 
luHcrintions,  and  it  is  to  it  that  we  owe  a  great  part  of  the  works  hitherto 
published.  In  addition  to  those  already  enumerated,  we  may  expect  soon  the 
(  hartulary  of  Chartres,  which  is  to  open  a  series  of  such  works,  to  be  edited  by 
M.  (iurrard.  The  letters  between  the  Kings  and  Queens  of  England  and 
France,  collected  by  Hrequigny,  and  edited  by  ^M.  Champollion,  are  also  nearly 
lendy  for  publication.  'Hie  Count  Beugnot  has  in  the  press  the  four  volumes 
ot  the  earliest  Parliamentary  Archives,  known  by  the  name  of  OUm  ;  M.  Mi- 
chelct  ha«  collected  into  two  volumes  all  the  documents  relating  to  the  trial  and 
AupprcMion  of  the  Templars;  M.  dc  (tolbcry  has  formed  two  volumes  of  the 
original  and  inrditcd  historians  of  Alsace  ;  M.  Gucrard  has  nearly  finished  the 
im;«rr>hi()n  of  the  Chartularies  of  the  two  liuganoiis;  M.  lA>uis'l'aris  has  in 
an  equally  advanced  stale  the  Correspondence  of  Aubcspicre,  ambassador  of 
FrAuce  at  the  court  of  Spain  during  the  first  {K-riod  of  the  religious  troubles  • 
Au>;ustin  'Hiierry  is  pre|>aring  a  large  series  of  documents  illustrative  of  the 
hi>»tory  of  the  liertUiai ;  Cham|>ollion-Figeac  is  employed  upon  a  detailed 
dcacriptiuo  tf  all  the  historical  manuscripu    in  the  Royal    Library;   aiuI| 


158 


The  French  Historkal  CommistuM. 


[Feb. 


in  addition  to  all  these  books,  a  critical  examination  of  the  sources  of 
French  History,  by  M.  Jules  Desnoyers,  is  on  the  point  of  publication. 
The  third  Committee  is  the  ComiU  Historique  des  Sciences.  Its  object  is  to  col- 
lect and  publish  the  most  important  manuscripts  relating  to  science  as  it 
existed  in  the  Middle  Ages.  The  history  of  science  during  that  period,  has 
been  far  too  much  neglected,  and  is  at  present  very  little  known.  M.  Libri 
is  charged  with  the  publication  of  a  collection  of  documents  relating  to  the 
history  of  the  sciences  in  France  since  the  Middle  Ages.  Besides  the  older 
documents  of  this  kind,  this  Collection  will  include  the  correspondence  of  many 
of  the  scientific  men  of  the  seventeenth  century,  with  some  of  their  treatises, 
which,  long  supposed  to  be  lost,  have  been,  or  may  hereafter  be,  discorertd  in 
the  libraries  of  France. 


important  for  the  history  of  the  scieiioes 
and  for  that  of  the  French  language* 
These  different  pieces  will  be  preceded  by 
a  history  of  Fncyclopedias,  beginning  with 
the  great  Encyclopedias  of  the  Chinese 
and  Arabs." 


"  The  first  volume  will  contain  a  sped- 
in^n'of  the  Great  Encyclopedias,  published 
in  France  in  the  Middle  Ages,  and  which 
are  so  little  known;  the  7V^*orof  Brunetti, 
the  master  of  Dante,  will  be  published  en- 
tire. Napoleon  had  at  one  time  the  idea 
of  giving  to  the  world  this  TVeAor,  equally 

Some  of  the  most  extensive  works  which  have  yet  appeared,  are  the  pub- 
lications of  the  Committee  of  Moral  and  Political  Sciences,  such  as  the  negotia- 
tions and  the  military  memoirs  relative  to  the  succession  of  Spain,  and  the  cor- 
respondence of  the  Archbishop  de  Sourdis.  This  Committee  has  also  in  pre- 
paration a  collection  of  the  papers  of  the  Cardinal  de  Granville,  highly  im- 
portant for  the  history  of  Europe  during  the  sixteenth  century;  as  well  as  the 
Litre  de  justice  et  depkt,  a  valuable  treatise  on  Middle  Age  jurisprudence,  and 
a  volume  of  inedited  works  of  our  famous  countryman  Roger  Bacon,  which  will 
be  edited  by  Victor  Cousin. 

The  Report  on  the  labours  of  the  Committee  of  Arts  and  Monuments  is  so 
extremely  interesting,  that,  were  it  not  too  long,  we  should  be  inclined  to 
translate  the  whole.  The  object  of  this  Committee  is  not  only  to  publish  a 
complete  survey  of  all  the  monumental  antiquities  ofFrance,  but  also  to  provide 
for  the  preservation  of  the  monuments  themselves.  A  series  of  printed  ques- 
tions is  sent  to  every  parish  throughout  the  kingdom,  in  order  to  obtain  the 
primary  information  to  regulate  the  proceedings  of  the  Committee  in  this 
survey.  The  undertaking  will  require  many  years,  and  much  money.  Those 
districts  and  monuments  will  be  taken  first  in  order  which  are  of  the  greatest 
interest,  or  are  most  important  in  their  character,  or  which  are  in  the  greatest 
danger  of  perishing ;  for  the  Committee  has  established  it  as  a  rule,  that  an 
edifice  which  is  threatened  with  ruin  shall  always  be  preferred  to  a  monument 
which  is  in  a  good  state  of  preservation.  At  present  this  Committee  is  occu- 
pied in  the  publication  of  specimens  or  models  of  the  diflferent  forms  which  its 
labours  will  take.  These  are  to  be,  1,  the  complete  survey  in  description  and 
delineation  of  the  cathedral  of  Noyon,  as  a  specimen  of  severe  ecclesiastical 
architecture,  and,  2,  of  that  of  Chartrcs,  as  being  the  most  extensive  and  superb 
ecclesiastical  edifice  in  France;  3,  the  Roman,  Merovingian,  and  Carlovin- 
gian  antiquities  of  Paris,  as  a  specimen  of  the  mode  in  which  the  great  towns 
will  be  treated  ;  4,  the  description  of  the  arrondissement  of  Reims,  as  a  model 
of  the  monumental  statistics  of  the  provinces. 


**  The  mission  of  the  Committee  is,  in 
fact,  to  search  n6tre  France  monument  ale  ,- 
to  catalogue,  describe,  and  delineate  all 
the  objects  of  art  scattered  over  our  soil ; 
to  draw  up  an  archceological  register,  so 
saccinct  that  the  monuments  of  every  ai;c 
and  of  every  kind  maybe  mentioned  in  it, 
and  of  such  an  extent  that  every  work  of 
art  may  obtain  in  it  a  place  proportionate 

to  its  esthetic  or  historical  value. 


"  Two  orders  of  works  are  therefore  to 
be  prosecuted  under  the  direction  of  the 
Committee  :  statistics  for  all  the  monu- 
ments without  exception  ;  monographies 
for  those  monuments  of  importance  which 
could  not  be  oevelopcd  sufficiently  in  the 
statistics.  The  Committee  cannot  itself 
executi".  all  the  statistics,  which  will  amount 
to  eighty-six  if  we  proceed  by  depart- 
ment, and  to  three  bondred  and  finy  if 


1840.] 


The  French  Historical  ComnUssion. 


159 


we  proceed  by  arrondissement,  and  give 
separately  t)ie  statistics  of  several  large 
cities,  which  seems  desirable  and  neces- 
sary tu  produce  a  complete  work.  Neither 
can  the  Committee  undertake  directly  all 
the  monographies,  which  will  amount 
perhaps  to  three  hundred,  which  is  nearly 
the  number  of  the  important  monuments 
in  our  country  which  appear  to  merit  a 
»l>ecial  work.  Time  and  money  would  be 
wanting  for  such  a  colossal  work.  On 
the  other  hand,  it  would  not  do  to  let  the 
designs  of  the  Committee  be  regulated  by 
chance,  or  to  abandon  them  to  the  indi- 
vidual caprices  of  all  those  who  might 
think  proper  to  undertake  an  historical 
work  on  the  monuments.  It  haii  there- 
fore been  thought  indispensable  to  fix  an 
uniform  plan,  and  to  apply  it  invariably 
to  everything  that  shall  be  undertaken, 
without  as  well  as  within  the  Committee. 

**  Two  means  of  attaining  this  result 
offered  themselves  ;  both  have  been  adopt- 
tul.  In  the  first  place  monographies  and 
statistics  will  be  given  as  models,  to 
wliich  all  future  monographies  and  statis- 
tics will  conform,  as  well  in  the  scien- 
tific plan  as  in  the  material  execution. 
Next,  instructions  will  be  sent  to  all  the 
correspondents,  and  to  all  the  antiquaries 
iu  France,  to  indicate  the  plan  according 
to  which  their  researches  must  be  made, 
to  hx  the  expressions  which  are  to  be 
used  in  the  description  of  a  monument, 
and  the  characteristic  signs  which  serve 
to  (lass  the  works  of  art,  and  to  determine 
their  age. 

"  As  to  the  statistics,  they  will  be  of 
two  kinds  ;  those  which  include  all  the 
monuments  of  an  arrondissement,  and  those 
which  only  comprehend  the  monuments 
of  a  great  town. 

"  For  the  model  of  the  statistic  of  an 
arrondissement,  that  of  Reims  has  been 
chosen — one  of  those  which  are  most 
numerous  in  communes,  and  one  of  the 
richest  in  monuments.  An  architect  of 
Reims,  M.  liippolytc  Durand,  has  been 
employed  to  make  all  the  drawings ;  the 
archivist  and  librarian  of  the  same  town, 
M.  Louis  PiVris,  will  write  the  history  of 
the  edifices ;  the  secretary  of  the  Com- 
mittee, M.  Didroii,  will  give  the  descrip- 
tion of  all  the  monuments  which  will  be 
represented  by  engraving  and  lithography. 

"  Paris  has  been  chosen  as  the  model 
of  the  statistic  of  a  great  town.  This  work 
has  been  rntrust(*d  to  M.  Albert  l^noir, 
who  will  give  drawings  and  descriptions 
of  all  the  Roman,  Merovingian,  and  Car- 
loviogian  monuments  which  formerly 
adonird  the  town  of  Paris,  and  which 
have  leA  numerous  and  imposing  ruins. 
Paris,  which  |)Osscsies  monuments  of  ail 
epochs,  from  Julius  Cmur  to  our  own 
days,  will  senre  as  a  type  for  thoie  great 


towns  in  Prance,  Lyons,  Rotien,  Bordeaux, 
and  Strasbourg. 

"The  Committee  will  give  also  two  models 
of  monography ;  for,  the  monuments  of 
France  being  splendid  or  austere,  it  ia 
necessary  to  take  a  severe  monument  and 
a  sumptuous  one. 

*'  The  cathedral  of  Noy on,"  graver  still 
since  the  revolution  and  the  course  of  agea 
have  broken  the  statues  of  its  portal  and 
its  painted  windows,  has  been  selected  as 
the  type  of  a  church  at  once  severe  and 
original.  By  an  exception  which  ^ 
rare  in  France,  this  cathedral  is  rounded 
at  the  extremity  of  its  transepts,  as  at  its 
apsis,  and  it  is  fronted  by  a  porch  on 
the  west.  M.  Ramt^e  has  just  finished 
the  drawings  of  this  curious  monument, 
and  M.  L.  Vitet,  member  of  the  Chamber 
of  Deputies,  is  preparing  the  text. 

"The  Cathedral  of  Chartres  appeared 
to  be  the  monument  the  most  complete 
and  the  richest  in  France — we  may  almost 
say,  in  Europe.  N6tre  Dame  de  Chartres 
is  a  cathedral  far  more  considerable  than 
the  others,  by  its  crypt,  which  extends 
the  whole  length  of  the  building;  by 
the  numerous  sculptures  which  decorate 
its  royal  portal  and  its  lateral  porches  ; 
by  its  two  western  spires,  perfect  models 
of  the  architecture  of  the  twelfth  and  of 
the  fifteenth  centuries ;  by  the  six  amorcet 
of  towers  which  rise  at  the  croisillont  and 
at  the  apside  ;  by  the  delicate  sculptures 
which  adorn  the  enclosure  of  the  choir ; 
by  the  painted  glass  which  fills  all  the 
windows;  by  a  great  chapel — we  may 
almost  say,  a  little  church — which  the  four- 
teentli  century  has  attached  to  the  great 
edifice  of  the  thirteenth. 

"  The  drawings  and  text  of  this  mono- 
graphy appeared  to  be  of  too  high  a  de- 
gree of  importance  to  be  entrusted  to  a 
single  |)erson.  Two  artists  have  been 
joined  together  for  the  graphic  work: 
MM.  Lassus,  architect,  and  Amaury- 
Duval,  painter.  M.  Lapsus  will  make  all 
the  drawings  of  architecture  and  decora- 
tion, and  will  make  the  plans,  and  give  the 
sections  and  elevations ;  M.  Amaury* 
Duval  will  draw  all  the  sculpture.  The 
text  itself,  which  will  accompany  and  ex- 
plain these  numerous  designs,  will  also  be 
divided.  In  a  literary  work  on  a  mo- 
nument like  NAtre  Dame  de  Chartres,  there 
ore  two  parts  which  ore  very  distinct :  the 
history  of  this  monument,  which  relates 
its  foundation,  its  vicissitudes,  the  life  of 
the  personages  who  have  inhabited  it,  so 
to  speak,  that  of  the  bishops  who  have 
adorned,  enlarged,  and  modified  it,  in  fact 
the  history  of  its  former  times  ;  and  the 
description  which  tells  its  present  state, 
which  describes  by  language  all  its  stones 
one  after  another,  all  the  statues,  all  the 
figures  painted  in  fresco  or  on  glass,  all 


160 


The  French  Historical  Commission, 


[Feb. 


are  from  drawings  of  figures  ;  and,  mnoe 
there  were  two  artists  for  the  graphic  part, 
it  was  but  logical  to  make  the  same  di- 
vision of  the  literary  part  of  the  under- 
taking." 


the  vanons  forms  which  sculpture  has  im- 
pressed on  different  materials  to  give 
them  a  character,  a  style,  which  indicates 
an  epoch,  an  age.  The  history  of  a  monu- 
ment, in  fact,  is  still  more  different  from 
its  description,  than  architectural  drawings 

Besides  doing  all  that  may  be  possible  to  preserve  the  ancient  inonaments 
from  ruin,  the  Committee  of  Arts  and  Monuments  has  taken  measures  to  form 
aMuseum  of  National  Antiquities,  in  which  the  fragments  of  such  monuments,  as 
their  endeavours  have  not  been  able  to  save  from  destruction,  may  be  deposited. 

'*  In  spite  of  the  zeal  of  the  correspond-     the  proposition  of  the  Committee,  and  has 


ents,  in  spite  of  the  ardour  of  the 
Committee  itself  in  defence  of  monu- 
ments threatened  by  men  or  ruined  by 
time,  many  objects  of  art  perish,  many 
edifices  fall;  and,  since  there  exists  no 
place  destined  to  receive  the  fragments, 
we  lose  even  the  last  trace  of  the  most 
interesting  monuments.  Since  the  de- 
struction of  the  museum  of  the  Petits- 
Augustins,  our  national  archaeology  has 
sustained  losses  of  this  kind  which  are 
irreparable.  Latterly,  when  the  restora- 
tions  were  made  at   the  church  of  St. 


made  a  formal  promise  to  dedicate  the 
church  of  St.  Martin-des-Champs,  now 
dependant  on  the  Conservatory  of  Arts  and 
Manufactures,  to  the  reception  of  the 
fragments  of  Christian  architecture  and 
sculpture  which  may  be  collected  at  Paris 
and  in  the  departments.  This  church, 
which,  with  St.  Germain-des-Pr^s,  is  the 
oldest  in  Paris,  is  also  the  most  curious 
for  the  originality  of  its  construction  and 
decoration  ;  it  is  admirably  fit  for  its  new 
destination — the  casket  will  be  worthy  of 
the  precious  objects  which  it  will  contain. 


Penis,  when  the  mutilations  were  perpe-     The  Minister  of  the  Interior  has  promised 


trated  on  the  church  of  St.  Benott,  when 
the  churches  of  St.  Come  and  of  Cluny 
were  demolished,  they  were  forced  to 
throw  away  among  the  rubbish  bases  and 
capitals  of  columns,  sculptured  tumu- 
lary  stones,  carved  frieses  and  gar- 
goyles, because  the  royal  museums  which 
are  consecrated  to  pagan  antiquities, 
cannot  and  will  not  receive  national 
antiquities.  Such  a  state  of  things  could 
not  last  long  without  the  greatest  detri- 
ment to  history ;  for  no  archaeological 
studies  are  possible  without  monuments, 
and  the  monuments  become  rarer  every 
day. 

**  Struck  with  these  injuries  inflicted 
upon  art  and  historical  studies,  the  Com- 
mittee, on  the  proposition  of  Baron  Taylor, 
begged  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  to  grant 
a  place  for  the  temporary  reception  of  the 
objects  of  art  scattered  in  a  thousand 
places,  and  which  may  be  collected  to- 
gether. Afterwards,  the  necessity  will  be 
felt  of  forming  a  gallery  of  the  fragments 
which  will  be  gathered  by  little  and  little 
at  a  small  expense,  and  we  shall  thus  have 
a  museum  of  Christian  antiquities,  which 
may  be  compared  with  pride  to  the  mu- 
seums of  pagan  antiquities.  In  this  mu- 
seum, besides  the  pieces  which  are  origi- 
nals, may  be  placed,  as  has  been  done  at 
the  Louvre  for  the  Greek  and  Roman 
monuments,  plaster-casts  of  the  finest 
works  of  art,  statues,  and  bas-reliefs  which 
decorate  our  edifices  of  the  Middle  Ages. 
Several  provincial  towns  already  possess  a 
Christian  museum;  Paris  must  not  be 
behind  Dijon,  Orleans,  Puy,  Mans,  or 
Carcassonne.  The  Minister  of  the  Interior 
received  in  the  most  fayoorable  manner 
6 


to  cause  to  be  restored,  for  the  object  above 
specified,  this  church,  which  threatened 
to  fall  into  ruins  from  the  effects  of  age, 
or  which  was  going  to  be  demolished  to 
make  room  for  a  mairie.  The  Committee 
regards  this  result  as  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant it  has  yet  obtained,  and  knows 
not  how  to  thank  sufficiently  the  Minister 
of  the  Interior. 

''  When  a  monument  falls  of  itself,  as 
has  lately  happened  to  the  church  of  St. 
Sauveur  at  Nevers,  the  Committee  will 
have  but  one  resource,  and  that  one  it  will 
use  immediately ;  this  will  be  to  send  an 
architectural  draughtsman  to  the  scene  of 
the  disaster,  and  to  give  him  the  task  of 
collecting,  or  causing  to  be  preserved  in  a 
museum,  all  the  valuable  fragments  which 
may  not  be  bruised  to  pieces  ;  of  drawing, 
on  the  faith  of  traditions,  on  the  inspec- 
tion of  old  engravings,  and  the  examina- 
tion of  the  locality,  a  plan,  sections,  ele- 
vations, details ;  of  stating,  in  a  circum- 
stantial report,  the  cause  of  the  accident, 
in  order  to  prevent  the  fall  of  monuments 
which  may  be  threatened  with  ruin  under 
the  same  circumstances.  The  draughtsman 
will  return  to  Paris  with  the  fragments, 
which  will  be  placed  in  the  museum, — ^with 
the  drawings,  which  will  be  engraved, — 
with  the  report,  which  will  be  published. 
Of  the  ruined  monument  will  be  presented 
at  least  its  portrait  and  some  fragments. 
This  is  precisely  the  mission  which,  in  the 
case  of  St.  Sauveur,  the  Committee  has 
entrusted  to  M.  Robelin,  architect,  non- 
resident member  of  the  Committee,  and 
charged  with  important  works  in  the  Ca- 
thediral  of  Neversi  his  natiye  place.'' 


\ 


1840.] 


On  the  Orthography  oj  the  name  of  Shakspere, 


161 


All  the  evils  here  mentioned  and  provided  against,  are  felt  equally,  if  not 
more,  in  England  ;  our  national  antiquities  are  daily  perishing ;  we  have  no 
museum  to  receive  the  fragments,  no  public  spirit  in  our  government  to  provide 
for  them,  and  only  here  and  there  a  solitary  individual  who,  at  his  own  risk 
and  inconvenience,  will  use  his  exertions  to  preserve,  will  afford  a  shelter  to 
what  can  be  saved,  or  will  publish,  or  cause  to  be  published,  drawings  and  de- 
scriptions. We  rejoice  at  the  exertions  of  our  neighbours,  though  we  have 
reason  to  be  ashamed  at  being  left  so  far  behind  them.  Yet  we  Uiink  we  see 
at  home  a  new  spirit  rising  and  spreading  itself,  and  we  hope  that  it  may  bear 
its  fruit  before  it  be  too  late. 

We  ought  to  add,  that  the  Committee  of  Arts  and  Monuments  is  publishing 
manuals  of  the  different  branches  of  archaeology,  drawn  up  by  the  first  scholars 
in  each  branch,  and  intended  more  particularly  for  the  use  of  its  correspondents, 
to  draw  their  attention  to  the  different  points  most  necessary  to  be  observed,  to 
fix  a  standard  to  guide  them  with  certainty  in  their  researches  and  observations, 
and  to  give  with  accuracy  and  certainty  that  elementary  knowledge  which  is 
necessary  to  enable  them  to  work  efficiently. 


Mr.  Urban,      Chelsea,  Jan,  16. 
REGARDED  as  a  picture  there  are 
few  events  more  striking ;  considered 
historically  there  arc  few  more  inte- 
resting, or  more  instructive,  than  that 
of  the  elders  of  a  community,  be  it  re- 
ligious, political,  or  literary,  coming 
forth  in  all  the  majesty  of  authority 
to   frown   down  some  daring  heretic 
who  has  set  tradition  at  defiance,  and 
followed  an  unlicensed  reason  to  con- 
clusions   which    are     not   agreeable. 
Your  last  Magazine  exhibited  some- 
thing of  this  kind  in  its  papers  upon 
the    orthography    of  Shakspere.     It 
seems  that  the  Madden  heresy,  for  so 
we  arc  taught  to  believe  it  to  be,  finds 
friends.  Mr.  Charles  Knight's  conver- 
sion alarms   Mr.  Hunter,    Mr.   Hal- 
lam's    all -but  approval   calls  up  Mr. 
D'lsraeli,  who  vouches  for  Mr.  Col- 
lier and  Mr.  Dyce,  and  under  the  au- 
thority of  these,  the  conscript  fathers 
of  dramatic  literature,  (and  no  one  is 
inclined  to  pay  them  more  respect,  or 
to  value  their  literary  labours    more 
highly    than    myselO  we    are    called 
upon  to  proceed  against  all  disbelievers 
in  the  first  e  and  the  second  a,  with 
bell,  book,  and  candle  ;  the  peril  being 
— if  we  fail — that  Prince  Posterity  may 
lose  the  real  name  of  our  great  dra- 
matic poet,  and  be  horrified  by  "  the 
barbaric  curt  shock  of  Shakspere," 

Now,  Mr.  Urban,  1  avow  myself  to 
be  a  Maddenite.  1  renounce  tno  first 
e  ;  I  abjure  the  second  a ;  I  believe— 
mifbelieve  if  you  like— io  the  "  bar- 
baric curt  shock ; "  and,  having  made 
this  confession,  I  request  permission 
to  be  heard  in  my  defence. 

Gb.vt.  Mao.  You  XHI. 


It  is  conceded  on  both  sides,  that 
we  know  of  six  genuine  signatures  of 
the  great  Bard  ;  one  to  a  conveyance 
dated  the  10th  March  1612-13,  an- 
other to  a  mortgage  deed  dated  11th 
March  1612-13,  three  to  his  will 
signed  on  the  25th  March  161 5-1 6« 
and  a  sixth  written  in  a  copy  of  Flo« 
rio's  translation  of  Montaigne,  of  the 
edition  of  1603.  It  is,  I  believe,  fur- 
ther agreed  that,  in  all  these  various 
places,  the  poet  signed  "  Shakspere." 

Now  the  indestructible  foundations 
of  Madden  ism  are  erected  upon  these 
admitted  facts.     We  rest  upon  the  coH' 
tinned  and  consUtent  vsage  of  the  great 
Bard  himself,  and  upon  his  unvaried 
signature  of  his  own  name  upon  all 
occasions  that  have  yet  been  disco- 
vered.      The      signatures     adduced 
were  written,  it  will  be  remarked,  at 
three  different  times;  all  but  one  were 
affixed  to  legal   instruments,    which 
men  generally  sign  with  more  than  or- 
dinary care;   and  all  of   them  were 
written  during  a  period,  when  it  is  ad- 
mitted by  the  advocates  of  the  e  and 
the  a,  that  proper  names  were  caprici- 
ously varied  by  their  owners  in  a  most 
fantastical     manner.      If,     therefore, 
there  had  been  any  want  of  uniformity, 
it  would  have  been  far  from  extraordi- 
nary ;  irregularity  of  signature  was  the 
thing  to  be  expected,  and  the  unifor- 
mity   is,  consequently,  the  more  re- 
markable and  the  more  cogent.   With 
a  name,  which  Mr.  Hunter  tells  us, 
was  written  in  ten  or  twelve  various 
forms    daring     the  poet's    life,  time, 
Shakspere,  as  far  as  we  know,  never 
varied,     Superior  to  the   coxcombry 

Y 


162 


On  the  Orthography  of  the  name  of  ShaJcsjyere, 


[Feb. 


and  affectation  of  his  time,  and  as  if 
to  rebuke  succeeding  generations  by 
anticipation,  he  wrote  "  Shaksperc," 
and  what  he  wrote  we  follow. 

And  now,  what  arc  the  objec- 
tions brought  against  us?  The  first 
which  I  shall  notice  is,  that  Shakspere 
has  not  a  pretty  sound ;  it  is  not  eupho- 
nical ;  it  is  a  mere  "  dialectical  or- 
thoepy ;"  it  is  Warwickshire  and  not 
Middlesex;  it  is  "unmusical  to  London 
ears,  and  harsh  in  sound  to  " — Mr. 
D'Israeli's. 

I  cannot  but  regret  that  so  re- 
nowned a  name  should  offend  any 
one,  but,  with  all  submission  to  those 
who  maintain  this  opinion,  I  would 
remind  them  that  we  are  not  seeking 
to  malce  a  name  but  to  find  one,  and, 
when  we  have  found  it,  it  is  rather 
harsh  usage  to  "jeer  and  flout  it  thus," 
merely  because  it  does  not  happen  to 
agree  with  the  mincing  speech  of 
"  those  who  never  walk  further  than 
Finsbury."  Consider,  Gentlemen, 
whether  the  Bard  himself  has  not 
Bounded  the  very  heart  of  your  objec- 
tion, and  discovered  that  it  arises  not 
so  much  from  the  discordant  character 
of  this  name  of  names  as  from  the  cir- 
cumstance of  your  ears  being  unaccus- 
tomed to  it.  You  have  been  cradled  in 
Shakespeare — nursed  in  Shakespeare 
— you  have  grown  up  in  Shakespeare, 
and  it  is  no  light  matter  that 

'*  Can    chase   away  the    first  conceived 
sound;" 

but  try  it  again, — "  use  will  breed 
a  habit  in  a  man,"  and,  by  way  of 
dissipating  any  little  prejudice,  let 
your  imagination  follow  the  poet 
from  the  polite  circles  in  which  Mr. 
Hunter  thinks  he  was  known  as 
"Mr.  Shakespeare,"  to  the  office  of 
the  scrivener  who  prepared  the  con- 
veyance and  the  mortgage,  and  see 
him  there  subscribing  "Shakspere" 
to  the  formal  documents  throughout 
which  the  man  of  business  had  spelt 
the  name  as  you  would  have  it ;  go 
with  him  from  the  Fortune,  or  the 
Globe,  where  he  no  doubt  had  some 
more  familiar  appellation,  to  the  study 
in  w^hich  he  gave  birth  to  the  enchant- 
ments of  Prospero,  and  behold  him 
consigning  to  immortality  the  book 
which  lent  a  feeble  help  to  his  imagi- 
nation by  inscribing  that  name  which 
you  term  "  a  provincial  corruption " 


upon  its  fly  leaf.  If  Shakspere,  with 
a  short  sharp  sound,  be  Warwickshire, 
and  the  attenuated  Shakespeare,  Me- 
tropolitan, the  uniformity  of  our 
poet's  adherence  to  the  former  evi- 
dences an  attachment  to  home,  to  fa- 
mily, and  to  the  sounds  and  recollec- 
tions of  his  birth-place,  which  no 
fashion,  no  friendship  with  those  who 
would  "  smooth  his  name,"  could  era- 
dicate ;  it,  in  effect,  converts  these  sig- 
natures into  a  protest  by  the  poet 
against  that  pretty-sounding  name 
which  you  would  uphold. 

The  second  objection  I  shall  notice 
is,  that  we  ought  to  adopt  Shakespeare, 
because  it  is  the  true  and  genuine  name, 
accordant  with  the  arms ;  a  spear,  the 
point  upwards  :  by  which  I  understand 
that  the  name,  whatever  may  have 
been  its  origin,  was  primarily  com- 
pounded of  the  two  words  which  are 
now  spelt  shaJce  and  spear, 

I  do  not  perceive  that  the  arms  are 
any  authority  for  the  first  syllable,  and 
they  are  very  little  for  the  second, 
but  let  that  pass.  If  the  argument 
from  the  supposed  origin  be  worth  any 
thing,  it  is  equally  good  when  applied 
to  other  names,  as  to  that  of  Shakspere, 
and,  if  so,  whither  would  it  lead  us  ? 
We  ought  to  bring  back  all  proper 
names  to  their  original  elements.  The 
Smyths,  and  the  Smythes,  and  the 
Smithes  must  be  told — "Gentlemen, 
you  are  all  wrong ;  such  orthography 
IS  evidence  of  a  dialectical  orthoepy ; 
your  names  are  Smith."  The  Dean 
and  Chapter  of  Westminster,  instead 
of  being  hooted,  as  they  deserve  to  be, 
for  taking  up  the  fine  old  stone  of  me- 
morial inscribed,  "  O  rare  Ben  Jon« 
son,"  and  putting  in  its  place,  a  trum- 
pery piece  of  modern  masonr)'  bearing 
"O  rare  Ben  Jo/mson,"  should  be 
lauded  to  the  skies  as  the  restorers  of 
the  true  and  genuine  name.  John 
Locke  should  descend  to  our  posterity 
with  the  barbaric  curt  shock  of  Lock  ; 
Sir  Thomas  Browne  should  become 
plain  Brown;  and  Coke  be  degraded 
into  "  Cook."  If  we  are  to  "  syllable 
men's  names"  after  this  rule,  what  is 
to  become  of  tlie  Seymours?  the 
Bohns  ?  the  Moons  ?  the  Hammonds  ? 
the  Fosters  ?  and  innumerable  others. 
If  this  be  the  law,  "  chaos  is  come' 
again,"  and  all  our  names  must  go 
into  the  melting  pot  in  search  of  their 
primary  elements. 


1840.]  On  I  fie  Orthography  (if  the  name  of  Shakspere. 


IGa 


Again,  if"  true  and  gcnuiac  "  is  to 
be  the  rule,  how  can  Shakespeare  be 
shewn  to  have  more  truth  or  genuinetiess 
than  Shakiq^ere^  Both  arc  presumed 
to  be  compounded  of  a  part  of  the  verb 
scacan  and  the  substantive  apcre,  and, 
if  so,  the  difference  between  them  is, 
not  that  one  is  true  and  genuine  and 
the  other  not  so,  but,  that  whilst  both 
are  true  and  genuine,  that  for  which  I 
contend  is  merely  an  earlier  form  of 
both  the  original  words.  I  know  it  is 
now  called  dialectical  and  barbaric,  and 
several  other  hard  names,  but  it  is  not 
the  less  true  that  in  the  progress  of  our 
language — not  the  language  of  a  pro- 
vince, but  that  of  the  country — there 
was  a  time  when  the  words  now  spelt 
s/iake  ttpear  assumed  the  forms  of  ahak 
spere,  and  that  that  time  was  anterior 
to  the  period  of  their  being  found  in 
the  forms  of  shake  speare. 

And  this  leads  us  to  another  ques- 
tion,— if  we  are  to  resolve  names  into 
what   is    presumed  to    be    true   and 
genuine,  to  what  form  in  which  that  true 
and  genuine  is  expressed  are  we  to  give 
the  preference  f     Is  it  to  be  the  earliest 
form  ?  the   form   contemporary  with 
the    individual    spoken     of?    or    the 
modem  ?     It  is  obvious  that  the  advo- 
cates for  Shakespeare  must  contend  for 
the  contemporary,  as  their  adopted  is 
not  the  earliest  form  of  either  syllabic, 
nor  the   modern   form  of  the  latter. 
What  follows  ?     If  the  contemporary 
form  is  to  be  the  rule  in  Shakspere's 
case,  so  ought  it  to  be  in  all  others. 
Family  names  must  fluctuate  according 
to  the   fluctuations   of  the  words  of 
which  they  arc  presumed  to  be  com- 
posed,  and   a  man   roust    resign  his 
name — perhaps  all  that  he  has  derived 
from  his  ancestors — as  soon  as  public 
taste,  or  want  of  taste,  has  modern- 
ised the  orthography  of  its  component 
parts.     The  son's  name  will  differ  from 
his  father's,  the  grandson's  from  both, 
and  confusion  worse  confounded  will 
be  the  issue. 

I  am  now  led  to  a  third  objection, 
which  is,  that  the  poet  himself  considered 
his  name  to  he  Shakesjieare,  This  is 
rather  a  bold  assertion  in  the  teeth  of 
his  own  consistent  signature,  but  let 
tis  examine  the  (juration.  The  proofs 
adduced  are  the  first  editions  of  his 
Poems,  and  especially  that  of  his  Rape 
of  Lucrece,  "  printed  by  himself  [#.  e, 
by  Richard  Fteld  for  John  Hairivon} 


in  159-4,"  a  copy  of  which  was  before 
Mr.  D'Israeli  at  the  time  of  his  writing, 
and  seems  to  have  excited  him  almost 
to  ecstasy.  No  doubt  it  was  to  the 
influence  of  that  enchanting  editioprin- 
cej)s  that  we  are  indebted  for  the  burst 
of  enthusiasm  in  which  Mr.  D'Israeli 
denies  the  possibility  of  his  ever  for- 
saking his  first  love,  and  protests  that, 
whilst  a  drop  of  ink  circulates  in  his 
pen,  he  will  continue  loyal  to  the  c  and 
the  a. 

I  think  of  Benedick  and  hope  better 
things,  but  the  point  before  us  relates 
not  to  inward  opinions,  but  to  outward 
evidence.  The  affection  of  your  heart 
of  hearts,  Mr.  D'Israeli,  may  remain 
firm  to  Shakespeare,  but  do  you  not 
think  it  possible  that  you  may  yet 
stand  before  the  world  in  such  a  po- 
sition as  to  lead  men  to  believe  that 
you  approve  what  you  have  told  us  you 
condemn?  You,  of  whose  life  no 
small  part  has  been  spent  amongst 
printers, — and  I  shall  ever  express  my 
satisfaction  that  such  has  been  the 
case,  and  my  gratitude  to  you  for  much 
amusement  and  instruction, — you  know 
very  well  that  we  are  not  our  own 
masters  in  these  matters ; 

**  There  -are  compositors  who  spell  our 

words, 
Rough-write  them  as  we  will." 

I  need  not  tell  you  how  entirely 
those  gentlemen  will  sometimes  thwart 
our  very  best  intentions  ;  but  lest,  in 
your  enthusiasm  for  the  e  and  the  a, 
you  arc  inclined  to  overlook  this  first 
principle  of  the  practice  of  literature* 
I  will  give  you  a  case  in  point.  Turn 
to  the  last  edition  of  your  own  Curi- 
osities of  Literature,  very  lately  pub- 
lished in  one  volume  Svo.  and  there,  at 
p.  137,  you  will  find  an  article  in  the 
heading  of  which  there  is  an  instance 
of  the  "  barbaric  curt  shock  "  of  Shak, 
under  the  sanction  of  your  own  name. 
The  same  dialectical  barbarism — as  you 
esteem  it — is  repeated  five  times  in  that 
article,  and,  perhaps,  many  other  times 
in  other  parts  of  the  book,  but  1  have 
not  searched  for  them.  Do  1  blame 
you  for  this  ?  certainly  not.  1  am  per- 
fectly satisfied  that  you  wrote  Shake- 
speare as  plain  as  a  pike-staff.  Your 
truth,  faith,  and  loyalty  are  pledged  to 
the  fact.  The  rogues  of  printers  did 
it  til.  By  their  abominable  artifice 
you  have  been  brought  into  tbt«  vcrjr 


164 


On  llie  Orthographt/  of  the  name  of  Shaksperc, 


[Feb. 


PistoMike  predicament,  and  made  to 
look  at  least  half  like  one  of  the 
wicked. 

With  this  instauce  of  printers'  in- 
iquity before  you,  will  you  still  con- 
tend for  the  practice  of  Shakspere*s 
printer  in  preference  to  his  own? 
Surely  not. 

But  you  say  "  these  first  editions 
were  doubtlessly  anxiously  scrutinised 
hy  the  youthful  Bard,**  The  conjec- 
ture is  a  good  conjecture — on  your  side 
of  the  question.  I  will  imitate  your 
example — a  man,  you  know,  may  fol- 
low St.  Augustine  in  anything — and 
weave  a  conjecture  on  the  side  of  Mad- 
denism,  and  it  shall  be  this  :  that  the 
Bard,  like  all  other  young  bards,  was 
obliged  to  submit  to  his  publisher  a 
great  deal  more  than  he  liked ;  that 
the  publisher,  being  of  your  opinion, 
denounced  the  usage  of  Warwickshire 
as  ungenteel,  dialectical,  provincial, 
barbaric,  and  what  not ;  declaring  that 
poems  written  by  a  fellow  with  such  a 
hideous  name  would  never  go  down  ; 
and  that,  in  the  end,  the  Bard,  although 
retaining  his  own  opinion,  was  com- 
pelled to  give  way  in  a  matter  which 
he  thought  was  of  trifling  moment, 
inasmuch  as  even  in  printing,  as  Mr. 
Hunter  has  shewn,  there  was  at  that 
time  the  utmost  indifference  in  the  or- 
thography of  proper  names.  But  how 
did  he  write  it  in  that  Dukedom-largc- 
enough,  his  library,  where  no  publisher 
stood  in  the  way  ?  Shakspere.  How, 
when  his  genius  had  given  him  liberty, 
and  two  gowns,  and  every  thing  hand- 
some about  him  ?  Shakspere.  Shall 
we  prefer  the  testimony  of  a  book 
which  he  may  have  objected  to,  or 
may  not  have  seen  until  it  was  printed 
off,  to  the  unvarying  signature  of  the 
same  hand  which  wrote  Hamlet  and 
Othello  ?  A  question  not  to  be  asked 
by  a  Maddenite. 

We  are  next  told  that  Shakespeare 
was  the  pronunciation  of  the  literary 
metropolis,  and  in  support  of  that  as- 
sertion there  are  produced  various  con- 
temporary puns!  Mr.  Hunter  refers 
to  Greene's  shake  scene,  Mr.  D*lsraeli 
to  Bancroft's  shook  thy  speare,  and 
these,  the  quibbling  witticisms  of  men 
belonging  to  a  class  who  notoriously 
twist  words  and  meanings  as  they 
please, — men  whose  art  consists  in  the 
sacrifice  of  sense  to  sound, — arc  gravely 
adduced  as  evidences  of  the  true  and 


the  genuine!  The  argument  from 
printers  is  startling  enough,  but  that 
from  punsters  is  most  extraordinary  1 
"  In  the  name  of  all  the  rogues  at  once," 
what  is  there  that  might  not  be  estab- 
lished if  bad  puns  are  to  stand  in  the 
place  of  good  arguments  ?  If  the  far- 
fetched and  fantastical  resemblances 
conjured  up  by  the  fertile  imagination 
of  a  joker  of  jokes  are  to  be  taken  as 
props  to  an  otherwise  falling  caase? 
No !  No !  puns  are  excellent  things  to 
stop  an  argument,  or  turn  it,  when  it 
becomes  troublesome,  but  save  me  from 
the  task  of  establishing  a  point  which  is 
to  be  made  out  by  the  evidence  of  small 
jokes !  Can  any  one  really  think  that 
a  punster  would  have  paused  in  his 
way  towards  the  perpetration  of  one  of 
his  iniquities  to  consider  whether  Shak- 
spere was  Provincial  or  Metropolitan? 
But  we  are  not  to  rest  here.  All 
these,  or  the  greater  number  of  them, 
are,  as  it  were,  arguments  ab  extra, 
Mr.  Hunter  carries  the  war  into  our 
own  territory,  and  seeks  to  drive  us 
from  our  defences  by  two  important 
points,  which  he  thinks  have  been 
overlooked.  The  first  is,  that  thepraC' 
iice  in  writing  of  the  individual  is  not 
the  proper  guide  to  what  should  be  the 
present  orthography,  because  if  so,  we 
must  change  Grey  into  Gray  or  Graye, 
when  writing  of  Lady  Jane  Grey,  and 
other  members  of  her  family,  who 
used  those  variations.  Now  tnis  is  a 
totally  different  case.  Here  is  a  well- 
known  family  name,  the  orthography 
of  which  was  settled  long  before  it 
became  the  fashion  to  vary  the  spell- 
ing of  proper  names  according  to  the 
caprice  of  the  owner.  It  had  existed 
as  Grey  for  more  than  two. hundred 
years,  through  many  generations,  and 
in  many  branches,  before  Lady  Jane 
arose  to  throw  a  new  lustre  around  it. 
She,  as  might  be  expected,  followed  in 
the  wake  of  the  fashion,  and  varied  the 
name  according  to  her  fancy,  but  arc 
wc  to  forsake  the  old  path  and  follow 
her :  1  write  with  submission  when  I 
speak  of  the  undeveloped  doctrines  of 
Maddenism,  but*  it  seems  clear  to  me 
that  we  ought  not.  Our  principle  is, 
to  set  all  fashionable  folly  at  defiance, 
and,  therefore,  we  adhere  to  the  old 
name,  which  existed  long  before  the 
fashion,  which  has  survived  it,  and  I 
trust  never  will  become  obsolete  in  a 
country  which  it  has  so  often  adornedt 


1840.] 


On  the  Orthography  of  the  name  of  Shakipere. 


165 


The  case  of  Shaksperc  is  altogetlier 
diflferent.  It  is  not  au  old,  well  known, 
and  well  established  name,  nor  did  its 
owner  bend  to  the  vagaries  of  the  time. 
It  is  evident  therefore,  that  his  case 
mu:it  be  judged  by  totally  different  rules. 

Mr.  Hunter's  second  point  is,  that 
the  practice  qf  the  individual  is  not  the 
jtroper  guide,  hecau$e,  in  the  time  qf 
S!iake»peare,  there  teas  the  utmost  in- 
difference  in  respect  of  the  orthography 
of  proper  names,  in  writing  especially, 
hut  even  in  printing  also  ;  and  he  ad- 
duces various  instances,  amongst 
them  that  of  Ualeigh,  who  is  else- 
where said  to  have  written  his  name 
seventeen  different  ways  (Archaeolog. 
XX ii.  174-)  Here  again  the  case  is 
totally  different  from  Shakspere's. 
He  did  not  write  his  name  several 
different  ways.  If  he  had  done  so, 
Maddenism  could  have  had  no  exist- 
ence. He  was  consistent,  uniform, 
and  unvarying,  and  all  arguments  de- 
duced from  the  practices  of  the  incon- 
sistent and  the  various  arc  therefore 
totally  inapplicable  to  him. 

Mr.  Hunter  pro|K>ses  the  rule  which 
he  would  apply  to  this  point,  and  it 
is — the  usage  of  poisons  qf  cultivation. 
Usage,  without  a  knowledge  of  the 
foundation  upon  which  it  rests,  seems 
to  mc  to  be  a  very  questionable  au- 
thority for  anything,  only  to  be  adopt- 
ed in  the  solution  of  anomalous  cases, 
and  never,  in  a  case  relating  to  the 
orthography  of  a  norus  homo,  to  be  pre- 
ferred to  the  uniform  practice  of  the 
individual  himself;  but  I  have  Dot 
space  to  enter  upon  that  question.  In 
reference  to  Mr.  Hunter's  canon  I 
shall,  at  present,  content  myself  with 
inijuiring — persons  of  what  period? 
I  suppose  the  poet's  contemporaries. 
But  we  have  been  told  that  their  or- 
thography of  proper  names  was  va- 
rious in  the  extreme  ;  how  then  can 
we  deduce  a  usage  from  them  ? 
Printers  may  be  set  against  printers, 
punsters  against  punsters,  authors 
against  authors ;  there  is  but  one  con- 
isistcnt  and  uniform  usage,  that  of  the 
poet  himself,^  and  that  we  are  to  ex- 

*  AinuDgit  approaches  to  usage,  the 
nearest  that  I  have  observed  is  in  the 
Stratford  Register.  There  are  30  entries 
ill  which  the  name  of  Shakspere  occurs 
between  155H  and  lb\M,  and  of  these  ^ 
agref  with  thepotVs  signature,  inclodiDg 


elude.  And  why  ?  was  not  he  a  person 
of  cultivation  ?  I  know  Mr.  Hunter's 
respect  for  Shakspere,  I  know  the 
advantages  which  Shakspercan  lite- 
rature has  reaped,  and  is  likely  to 
reap,  from  his  researches,  too  well, 
to  think  that  that  was  his  meaning. 

And  now,  if  1  have  not  exhausted 
time,  space,  patience, — everything^- 
one  word  as  to  pronunciation.  All  the 
arguments  I  have  noticed  proceed 
upon  the  supposition  that  Shakspere 
must,  of  necessity,  be  pronounced 
differently  from  Shakespeare :  is  that 
quite  clear? 

The  second  syllable  will  be  sound- 
ed the  same  in  both  cases.  The 
e  final  is  silent,  and  1  find,  in  the  only 
Pronouncing  Dictionary  I  can  refer  to, 
(Johnson  and  Walker,  edited  by 
Jameson,  Pickering,  1827)  that  spettr 
is  to  be  pronounced  spere.  The  only 
difference  therefore  is,  that,  in  Mad- 
denism,  the  second  syllable  is  spelt 
as  it  is  pronounced ;  in  the  contrary 
system,  it  is  not  so. 

As  to  the  first  syllable,  I  am  well 
aware  that  the  mute  e  at  the  end  of  a 
syllable  is,  generally  speaking,  neces- 
sary to  produce  the  long,  slender 
sound  of  a;  as  in  hate,  rate,*&c. 
This  is  the  general  rule ;  but  we  all 
know  that,  in  pronunciation,  usage 
does  establish  exceptions  to  rules,  and 
what  has  been  the  usage  in  the  days 
of  our  darkness  whilst  we  have  been 
going  on  spelling  the  word  £fAai(rspeare  f 
Who,  until  very  lately,  has  ever  pro- 
nounced the  word  as  if  it  were  Shaek^ 
spear?  No  one.  Why  then  should 
we  now  begin  ?  The  orthography  may 
be  amended  whilst  the  pronunciation 
remains  unaltered,  and  the  usage, 
anomalous  as  it  is,  is  sufficient  au- 
thority with  reference  to  a  tyliable 
which  is  itself  anomalous. 

Two  more  last  words  and  I  haTC 
done.  Firitt,  I  ought  to  state  that, 
whilst  writing  upon  this  subject,  I 
have  abstained  from  any  communi- 
cation with  Sir  F.  Madden ;  and, 
second,  I  have  endeavoured  to  give 
utterance  to  opinions    diflferent  from 


the  entries  of  his  baptism,  and  burial, 
and  ending  with  that  of  the  borial  of  his 
widow.  'The  other  three  entries  are  all 
**  Sbakspeare."  (Bosweirs  Sbakspeare, 
ii.  (>10.) 


IGG 


iShakespeare  a  Tempest  and  Lampedusa. 


[Feb. 


those  of  gentlemen,  all  of  \\'liom  1 
know  and  respect,  and  some  of  whom 
I  am  proud  to  call  my  friends,  in  such 
manner  as  shall  not  give  offence.  I 
know  how  difficult  it  is  to  do  this, 
and  I  cannot  conclude  without  ex- 
pressing my  hope  that  I  have  not  un- 
awares, in  the  warmth  of  argument, 
been  betrayed  into  anything  which 
may  seem  inconsistent  with  the  regard 
and  esteem  I  entertain  for  every  one 
of  them. 

Yours,  &c.    John  Bruce. 


Mr.  Urban,  Jan.  13. 

WHILE  the  cautious  and  critical 
readers  of  Shakespeare  and  the  persons 
best  acquainted  with  the  literature  of 
the  period,  suspend  their  judgment,  or 
assent  but  in  part  to  the  new  views 
-which  I  havejust  presented  to  the  world 
on  the  date,  scene,  and  origin  of  The 
Tempest,  there  is  another  class  who 
come  at  once  into  my  views,  but  who 
would  persuade  the  public  that  the  ma- 
terial points  were  known  before. 

I  regard  this  as  no  mean  proof  of 
the  value  and  importance  of  those 
views ;  and  I  am  too  well  acquainted 
with  the  history  of  literature  and 
science  not  to  know  that  this  is  one  of 
the  most  usual  forms  in  which  a  spi- 
rit which  I  need  not  particularly  indi- 
cate is  accustomed  to  manifest  itself. 
It  is,  perhaps,  the  wisest  and  best 
course  to  leave  such  kind  of  attacks 
unnoticed.  Nevertheless,  committing 
the  worthier  class  of  critics  to  time  and 
the  effect  of  the  arguments  by  which 
my  conclusions  are  supported,  1  beg 
leave,  with  j-our  permission,  to  make 
a  few  remarks  on  the  assertion  which 
I  find  in  Mr.  Knight's  Pictorial  Shak- 
spere  (as  he  chooses  to  print  the 
name),  that  I  have  been  anticipated 
in  the  two  material  points  of  the 
icene  and  the  date ;  and  the  rather  as 
the  point  is  matter  of  fact,  some  por- 
tion of  which  I  can  perhaps  better  ex- 
plain than  any  other  person. 

And,  first,  in  respect  of  the  Scene, — 
1  have  stated  as  plainly  as  frankly, 
and  as  I  thought  as  handsomely  as 
could  be  done,  that  I  received  the  first 
suggestion  of  the  identity  of  the  island 
of  Prospero  with  the  island  of  the 
Mediterranean,  called  Lampedusa, 
from   Mr.  Kodd.     "  I  am  bound  to 


acknowledge,  and  I  do  so  with  great 
pleasure,  that  I  received  many  years 
ago,  the  first  suggestion  of  the  idea* 
tity  of  the  island  of  Prospero  with 
Lampedusa,  from  one  whose  in- 
timate acquaintance  with  books  and 
their  contents  is  well  known  to 
all  who  have  the  pleasore  of  his  ac- 
quaintance; I  mean  Mr.  Rodd,  the 
very  ingenious,  liberal,  and  respect- 
able bookseller  in  Great  Newport 
Street."  P.  32.  I  had  no  design  or 
wish  to  conceal  it.  He  mentioned  it 
to  me  in  conversation  in  April  1831 ; 
that  is,  that  he  had  met  with  a  manu- 
script account  of  a  voyage  in  the  Me- 
diterranean in  which  Lamped asa  is 
called  the  Enchanted  Island,  which  is 
the  manuscript  alluded  to  by  Mr.  Col- 
lier (to  whom  also  he  had  mentioned 
it)  in  his  Further  Particulars  respect- 
ing Shakespeare,  just  published,  p.  63, 
and  that  this,  according  to  my  present 
recollections  of  the  conversation,  led  to 
the  suspicion  that  this  was  the  island 
which  Shakespeare  had  in  view,  which 
suspicion  was  strengthened  by  what 
he  found  in  the  Turco-Gretda.  This 
was  the  suggestion  to  which  I  al- 
lude ;  and  had  I  not  received  it, 
I  think  it  very  improbable  that  I 
should  have  thought  of  the  iden- 
tity. But  the  following  out  the  sug- 
gestion, the  elaboration  of  the  argu- 
ment, the  discovery  of  the  points 
of  minute  and  critical  resemblance,  was 
all  my  own ;  and  whether  the  argu- 
ment is  sound  or  unsound,  and  the 
conclusions  are  just  or  the  contrary, 
Mr.  Rodd  is  not  in  any  way  answer* 
able  for  them. 

The  disquisition  nearly  in  its  present 
state  was  written  as  long  ago  as  1831 
or  1832.  When  Lampedusa  was  sug- 
gested to  me  as  the  island,  I  had  long 
been  persuaded  that  Tlie  Tempest  was 
an  early  play,  and  that  7^^  Tmmest 
and  no  other  play  must  be  the  lArve 
Labour's  iron  of  Meres  in  1598.  The 
only  material  additions  which  have 
been  made  to  the  argument  are  those 
derived  from  what  is  found  in  Aiiosto. 
This  discovery  was  recently  made. 

Whenever  I  have  mentioned  the 
subject,  or  to  whomsoever  1  showed 
the  dissertation,  I  have  uniformly 
mentioned  from  whom  I  derived  the 
first  suggestion  ;  and  I  may  add  that  1 
have  received  more  than  once  an  as- 


\ 


1B40.] 


The  dale  of  ShaJce»peare*8  Tempest, 


W 


Bu  ranee  from  Mr.  Rodd  that  he  had 
no  intention  of  pursuing  the  inquiry 
and  bringing  the  subject  before  the 
public,  which  he  might  possibly  have 
done  rooie  satisfactorily  than  it  has 
been  in  my  power  to  do,  and  I  well  re- 
member reading  to  him  some  years 
ago  the  greater  part  of  the  dissertation 
as  originally  written.  The  announce* 
ment  of  the  publication  of  my  Disser- 
tation as  a  part  of  my  intended  New 
Illustrations  of  the  Life,  Writings,  and 
Studies  of  Shakespeare,  was  made  at 
the  close  of  my  Three  Catalogues, 
which  iVt)rk  was  published  in  1837» 
and  the  manuscript  which  was  then 
finished  of  the  first  work  was  soon 
placed  in  the  hands  of  a  publisher. 
I  have  heard  from  various  quarters  that 
Mr.  Douce  was  also  persuaded  of  the 
identity  of  the  two  islands,  and  that  he 
was  brought  to  the  opinion  by  reading 
the  account  which  Captain  Smyth  gives 
of  the  island  in  his  work  published  as 
long  ago  as  18 19.  Perhaps  some  of 
your  correspondents  may  be  able  to 
explain  the  extent  of  Mr.  Douce's 
persuasion  of  this  identity.  My 
own  acquaintance  with  him  was  but 
slight,  and  I  have  no  recollection  of 
having  heard  anything  from  him  on 
the  subject.  Captain  Smyth's  account 
of  the  island  is  by  far  the  most  curious 
and  useful  to  the  purposes  of  this 
inquiry,  of  the  many  notices  of  the 
island  which  I  have  been  able  to  coU 
lect. 

Vou  sec,  therefore,  that  I  make  no 
claim  to  having  first  hit  upon  the 
identity  of  the  two  islands  ;  but  that 
my  claim  in  respect  of  the5ceii«>  is  this, 
that  I  have  been  the  first  to  bring  it 
before  the  public,  and  that  I  have 
elaborated  an  argument  by  which, 
as  seems  to  me,  a  surmise  and  sup- 
|)osition  is  converted  into  an  es- 
tablished fact,  or  at  least  into  a  proba- 
bility of  a  very  high  order. 

But  in  respect  of  the  second  of  the 
material  points,  the  Date,  I  claim  en- 
tirely the  merit,  whatever  it  may  be, 
of  having  first  discovered,  and,  iff  may 
be  permitted  to  say  so,  proved  it :  and 
this  in  direct  opposition  to  all  persons 
who  had  published  anything  on  the 
subject.  The  date  usually  assigned  to 
it  was  iGlOor  ICI2  ;  at  all  events  a  pe- 
riod later  than  I6O9,  in  which  year  the 
^torro  occurred  to  which  Shakespeare 
was    thought     to    have    particularly 


alluded.  I  have  endeavoured  to  show 
that  it  was  written  in  1596,  about 
the  time  of  the  appearance  of  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh's  account  of  the 
Guiana  voyage.  Mr.  Knight  states 
that  in  this  I  had  been  anticipated 
by  Mr.  Coleridge,  and  he  refers  for 
proof  to  what  he  calls  Mr.  Coleridge's 
"  masterly  classification  of  18 19/' 
which  was  first  given  to  the  world  in 
his  Literary  Remains,  which  were  not 
published  till  1836.  "  We  regret," 
says  Mr.  Knight,  "  that  Mr.  Hunter 
did  not  do  justice  to  the  h  priori  sa- 
gacity of  our  great  philosophical  critic, 
to  whom  unquestionably  belongs  the 
'  discovery '  of  the  date  of  the  Tem- 
pest." Now  if  Mr.  Coleridge  had 
made  the  discovery,  as  Mr.  Knight  as- 
serts he  had  done,  since  this  was  made 
known  only  in  1836,  it  could  not  have 
influencedanything  which  Ihad  written 
in  1832;  and  if  I  had  found  in  his  clas- 
sification that  he  placed  J%e  TVmpeit 
where  I  have  placed  it,  assuredly  I 
should  have  been  too  happy  not  to  have 
supported  my  own  conclusion  by  the 
authority  of  so  great  a  name,  especially 
as  Mr.  Coleridge  would  have  arrived 
at  the  same  conclusion  by  some  process 
essentially  different  from  that  which 
I  had  employed.  But  Mr.  Knight  has 
made  a  most  serious  mistake  in  thus 
representing  Mr.  Coleridge's  opinion. 
Mr.  Coleridge  does  not  refer  the  Tem- 
pest to  the  year  1 596,  nor,  I  venture 
to  say,  to  any  year  nearly  so  early.  His 
arrangement  is  of  but  little  use  to  the 
critical  inquirer  into  the  chronological 
order,  from  the  want  of  precise  dates  of 
the  commencement  and  termination  of 
his  epochs.  He  divides  the  whole  pe- 
riod of  Shakespeare's  dramatic  life  into 
five  epochs,  placing  TTie  Tempest  in  the 
fourth  of  those  epochs ;  but  if  the  fourth 
epoch  began  so  early  as  to  include 
the  plays  written  in  1596,  what  have 
we  for  the  first,  second,  and  third 
epochs?  But  to  put  the  matter  at 
once  out  of  all  question,  Mr.  Coleridge 
places  in  the  third  epoch,  which  must 
needs  have  preceded  the  fourth,  the 
Much  ado  about  Nothing,  the  King 
Henry  the  ¥\fth,  and  the  King  Henrg 
the  Eighth,  which  the  merest  novice 
in  this  department  of  criticism  knows 
to  have  been  all  produced  later  than 
1596. 

Indeed,  no  longer  ago  than  June  last, 
Mr.  Knight,  with  the  assistance  of  Mr. 


1 68  Webster  on  Shakespeare. ^^Meaning  of  cfficial  Maces  9      [Feb. 


Roddf  prepared  some  remarks  on  the 
chronological  order,  which  are  printed 
in  the  introductory  notice  to  the  King 
Henry  the  Fifth  of  the  Pictorial  Shak- 
spere.  In  these  remarks,  they  dis- 
tinctly themselves  place  The  Tempest 
among  plays  not  produced  before  the 
year  1603.  The  passage  will  be  found 
at  p.  314.  Whence  this  sudden  con- 
version to  my  date  ? 

Such  then  is  ray  plain  answer  to  the 
observations  of  Mr.  Knight.  But, 
that  my  letter  may  not  relate  wholly 
to  matter  in  which  I  may  be  said  to 
have  a  personal  concern,  1  shall  claim 
your  ready  allowance  of  anything 
which  tends  to  the  illustration  of  our 
great  poet,  for  the  insertion  of  a  few 
words  respecting  the  orthography  of 
the  name. 

You  were  the  first  to  publish  the 
bond  which  was  entered  into  to  save 
the  bishop  harmless,  if  he  granted  his 
licence  to  Shakespeare  to  contract  ma- 
trimony. I  had  previously  seen  the 
Instrument,  which  .is  under  the  care 
of  a  most  courteous  and  obliging 
keeper,  Mr.  Clifton,  having  taken  a 
journey  to  Worcester  for  the  express 
purpose  of  seeing  it,  and  making  other 
inquiries  respecting  the  poet.  What  I 
wish  to  remark  is  this  :  that  the  name  is 
there  written  Shaxspere,  not  Shagspere, 
as  in  your  copy,  in  the  second  of  the 
two  instances  in  which  it  occurs.  So 
at  least  I  read  it.  I  think  it  has  not 
been  observed,  that  the  marks  of 
the  two  husbandmen,  Sandell  and 
Richardson,  are  singularly  coarse ; 
coarser,  I  think,  than  the  marks 
of  marksmen  of  that  period  usu- 
ally are,  as  if  they  belonged  to  the 
very  rudest  part  of  the  population  ;  and 
I  can  scarcely  forbear  coming  to  the 
conclusion  that  Shakespeare,  then  a 
youth  of  but  eighteen,  was  rudely 
dragged  by  them  as  a  victim  to  the 
altar. 

I  give  you  also  a  contemporary 
authority  for  the  old  and  better  ortho- 
graphy, in  a  passage  which,  though  it 
has  been  quoted,  has  been  little  used. 

**  Detraction  is  the  sworn  friend  to  Ig- 
norance. For  my  own  part  I  have  ever 
truly  cherished  my  good  opinion  of  other 
men's  worthy  labours ;  especially  of  that 
full  and  heightened  stile  of  Master  Chap- 

7 


man*8,  the  laboured  and  imderstanding 
works  of  Master  Jonson,  tht  no  lets 
worthy  composores  of  the  both  worthily 
excellent  Master  Beaumont  and  Master 
Fletcher ;  and  lastlvi  (without  wrong  last 
to  be  named,)  the  right  happy  and  copious 
industry  of  M.  Shake^eare,  M.  Decker 
and  M.  Heywood,  wishing  what  1  write 
may  be  read  by  their  light;  protestiiig 
that  in  the  strength  of  mine  own  judg- 
ment I  know  iSktm  so  worthy,  that 
though  I  rest  silent  in  my  own  work,  yet 
to  most  of  theirs  I  dai^  (without  flat- 
tery) fix  that  of  Martial — nan  nonmt  ktec 
monumenta  mori.** 

These  words,  besides  the  evidence 
they  afford  of  the  orthography  of  the 
name,  and  the  testimony  which  they 
present  of  the  estimation  in  whicn 
Shakespeare  was  held  among  his  con- 
temporaries, are  highly  honourable 
to  him  who  wrote  them ;  and  his 
name  must  not  be  withheld— -it  was 
John  Webster.  They  occor  in  the 
preface  to  his  White  Devil,  which  was 
first  printed  in  1612,  though  I  quote 
from  the  edition  of  1 63 1 .  With  such 
men  against  it  as  D'Israeli,  Dyce, 
and  Collier,  there  is  no  danger  of 
the  unsightly  Shakspere  keeping  its 
ground. 

YourS)  &c.    JosEPu  Huntbr. 


Mr.  Urban, 


/■n.  3* 


A  MACE  is  laid  before  the  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Lords,  also  before  the 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons,  and 
one,  I  believe,  before  the  Lord  Chan- 
cellor in  his  court;  and  ill  Corpora- 
tions possessing  a  Court  of  Record 
seem  to  be  possessed  of  a  mace ;  yet  I 
can  find  no  mention  of  such  insignia  in 
in  any  of  their  Charters. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  give  a  clue 
to  the  meaning  of  this  symbol,  when  used 
as  an  emblem  of  office  ?  It  has  struck 
rae,  that,  as  it  is  not  used  in  the  King*8 
Bench,  Common  Pleas,  and  Exchequer 
Courts,  in  which  I  beUeve  the  sovereign 
is  by  a  fiction  of  law  supposed  to  preside 
in  person,  but  in  the  courts  b^ore  men- 
tioned, in  none  of  which  courts  is  the 
King  presumed  in  law  to  be  present 
in  person,  it  is  possible  the  mace 
may  be  an  emblem  of  the  delegated  au- 
thority of  the  Crown  to  hold  a  Court  of 
Record.  I  shall  be  glad  if  any  of  your 
correspondents  can  elucidate  this  sub- 
ject. T.  T. 


169 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


Life  and  Correspondence  of  M.  S. 
Lewis,  Esq.  Author  of  the  Monk, 
iJj-c.  2  vols.  Svo. 

WHO  would  not  wish  to  know 
something  of  the  personal  history  of 
the  author  of  the  Monk,  and  Alonzo 
the  Brave,  and  the  Castle  Spectre,  and 
Timour  the  Tartar,  and  the  Cat  King, 
and  Fire  King,  and  the  "  Grim  White 
Woman,  and  the  Gay  Gold  Ring,"  and 
many  other  tales  of  wonder  and 
fear,  which  filled  a  few  years  ago  all 
the  drawing-rooms  and  saloons  of 
London  with  panic  terrors,  and  co- 
vered the  platform  of  the  stage  with  a 
pageantry,  and  marvellous  machinery 
unknown  before?  For  many  years 
Monk  I^wis,  for  so  he  will  always  be 
called,  was  a  bright  star  of  second  or 
third  magnitude,  in  the  best  society  ; 
familiar  with  nobles,  caressed  by 
Princesses,  and  deified  by  all  melo- 
dramatic actors  and  actresses.  He 
waA  a  person  of  easy  fortune,  and  in 
the  latter  part  of  his  life  affluent; 
quiet  and  elegant  in  his  tastes  and 
amusements;  fond  of  music,  pictures, 
poetry,  verses,  china,  lap-dogs,  and 
looking-glasses,  and  similar  delicim 
intnf  otiostp.  He  possessed  too,  some 
great  and  unquestionable  virtues.  To 
his  mother,  whose  life  was  somewhat 
unfortunate,  he  was  uniformly  most 
dutiful,  attentive,  and  liberal,  antici- 
pating and  supplying  her  wants,  and 
forgiving  the  eccentricities  and  petu- 
lancics  of  her  temper ;  he  was  a  kind 
master  to  his  domestics ;  and,  as  re- 
gards his  conduct  to  his  slaves,  the  be- 
nevolence uf  his  heart  was  shown  in 
practical  acts  of  the  wisest  and  best 
kind  ;  and  indeed  great  part  of  his 
will  is  employed  in  securing  to  them 
by  law,  the  privileges  and  advantages 
which  he  had  bestowed  on  them,  after 
he  became  personally  acquainted  with 
their  condition.  We  have  no  autho- 
rity for  liestowing  on  him  the  still 
brighter  wreath  which  is  formed  of 
the  unperishing  flowers  of  Christian 

Gknt,  Mao.  Vol,  Xill. 


faith  and  hope ;  for  the  nature  of  his 
works  must  forbid  this,  and  nothing  in 
his  personal  history  supports  it.  He 
was  a  man  of  society  and  of  the  world, 
quick,  clever,  (for  he  wrote  the  co- 
medy of  the  East  Indian  before  he  was 
16,)  as  necessary  in  a  drawing-room 
as  an  ornament  of  Sevres  china ;  could 
write  extemporaneous  poetry,— not 
very  good  in  general,  but  occasionally 
rising  into  excellence ;  could  repeat  a 
tale,  or  point  an  anecdote  with  neat- 
ness and  grace  ;  but  with  all  this,  a  lit- 
tle tiresome  occasionally,  and  some- 
what whimsical.  With  regard  to  the 
£  resent  volumes,  we  presume  that  they 
ave  been  composed  of  the  best  mate- 
rials which  could  be  procured,  which 
is  Mr.  Lewis's  correspondence,  chiefly 
with  his  mother.  But  they  throw  but 
little  light  on  his  own  history;  and 
their  publication  at  all,  (seeing  that 
they  turn  entirely  on  domestic  matters 
of  rather  a  painful  nature)  perhaps  is 
to  be  lamented ;  neither  are  the  letters 
themselves  distinguished  by  any  bril- 
liancy of  thought,  cleverness  of  com- 
position, or  interest  of  anecdote.  Still 
they  will  render  the  future  biography 
of  Mr.  Lewis,  whenever  it  may  be 
composed,  more  circumstantial  in 
some  points,  and  more  copious  and  au- 
thentic than  it  would  have  been 
without  their  assistance.  We  shall 
run  rather  lightly,  pede  currenie, 
through  the  volume,  extracting  a  few 
things  which  may  afford  amusement* 
among  the  subjects  of  the  memoir,  or 
those  mentioned  in  it. 

Vol.  I.  p.  19*  we  meet  with  a  more 
circumstantial  account  of  the  charac- 
ter and  melancholy  death  of  Miss 
Ray,  than  we  before  knew. 

**  Mrf.  Lewis,  the  mother  of  Mr. 
Lewis,  dined  st  Lord  Sandwiches  in  com- 
pany with  Miss  Ray  on  the  very  evening 
of  her  fatal  visit  to  the  theatre.  Daring  din- 
ner she  seemed  unusually  depressed  in  spi- 
rits.  When  the  carriage  was  announced, 
and  she  was  a4justing  her  dress,  Mrs. 
Lewis  made  some  remark  on  a  boiutifol 

Z 


170        Review.— it/1?  and  Correspondence  ofM.  S.  Leans,  Esq.  [Feb. 


rose  which  Miss  Ray  wore  in  her  bosom. 
Just  as  the  words  were  uttered,  the  flower 
fell  to  the  ground.     She^  stooped  to  re- 
gain it,  but,  as  she  picked  it  up,  the  red 
leaves  scattered  themselves  on  the  carpet, 
and  the  stalk  alone  remained  in  her  hands. 
The  poor  girl,  who  had  been  depressed  in 
spirits  before,  said,  *  I  trust  I  am  not  to 
consider  this  as  an  evil  omen.'     But,  soon 
rallying,  she  expressed  to  Mrs.  Lewis  in  a 
cheerful  tone  her  hope  that  they  would  meet 
again  after  the  theatre,  a  hope  that  was 
never  realised.  OfMiss  Ray's  origin  many 
different  accounts  have  been  given.    The 
true  one,  however,  is  that  Lord   Sand- 
wich first  noticed  her  when  very  young 
in  a  shop  in  Tavistock  Street,  where  she 
served  at  the  counter,  and  being  struck 
with  the  intellectual  expression  of  her 
countenance,  as  well  as  with  its  singular 
beauty,  he  took  charge  of  her  future  edu- 
cation; and  engaged  for  her  the  best  mas- 
ters, especially  in  music ;    so  that  she 
soon  came  out  as  a  singer  at  his  musical 
parties,  when  his  Lordship,  who  was,  as  is 
well  known,  very  formal  and  precise,  used 
to  perform  on  the  kettle  drum.  This  young 
girl  conducted   herself    so  well,    under 
most    awkward    circumstances,    that    a 
Bishop's  wife  (Mrs.  Hinchliffe)  thus  ex- 
pressed herself  in  her  favour.    '  I  was 
really  hurt  to  sit  opposite  to  her ;  to  mark 
her  discreet  conduct,  and  vet  to  find  it 
improper  to  notice  her.    She  was  so  as- 
siduous to  please, — was  so  very  excellent, 
—yet  so  unassuming,  I  was  quite  charmed 
with  her ;   yet  a  seeming  cruelty  to  her 
took  off  the   pleasure  of   my  evening.* 
The  history  of  her  tragical  end  is  shortly 
this.     Miss  Ray  was  entirely  dependent 
on   Lord    Sandwich's  bounty,  but    she 
bad  no  settlement  or  provision  made  for 
her,  and  she  was,  out  of  delicacy,  obliged 
to  refuse  advantageous  offers  made  to  her 
from  the  theatres.     A  gentleman  named 
Hackman  was  introduced  at  one  of  the 
musical  parties  to  Miss  Ray,  an  attach- 
ment commenced,  and  subsequently  a  cor- 
respondence. From  a  wish  to  be  in  circum- 
stances enabling  him  to  marry,  Hackman 
exchanged  the  army  for  the  church,  and 
obtain^  the  living  of  Wyverton,  in  Nor- 
folk :  but  while  this  was  in  progress.  Lord 
Sandwich  found  reasons  to  place  his  fa- 
vourite under  surveillance,  and  the  corres- 
pondence was  consequently  stopped.  Hack- 
man  attributed  this  to  Miss  Ray's  caprice 
or  infidelity.     He  became  exasperated  at 
her  coldness.    The  fatal   night,   having 
made  himself  half  frantic  with  liquor,  he 
stationed  himself  at  the  door  of  the  the- 
atre, and,  after  having  shot  his  victim, 
•ndeavoured    to    deftroy    himself.     On 
Miss  Ray's  astaetinatum  bdng  conveyad 
to    Lord   Sandwich,    hs    stood    for   a 


while  petrified,  till  suddenly  sdxinga  can- 
dle, he  run  up  stairs,  threw  himself  on  a 
bed,  and  in  agony  exclaimed,  '  Leave  me 
for  a  while  to  myself,  I  could  have  borne 
anything  but  this.'" 

At  p.  133,  we  find  the  following  de- 
scription of  Mr.  Lewis's  life  at  the 
Hague : 

''  As  for  me,  the  Hague  and  the  Dutch 
are  as  insufferable  as  ever,  but  of  Ute  I 
have  cut  the  society  of  the  place,  umI  got 
into  a  very  agreeable  coterie,  whidi  as- 
sembles every  other  night  at  tiie  house  of 
one  of  the  Severest  women  I  erer  met 
with,  a  Madame  de   MadgnoA.     81m  is 
the  daughter  of  the  celebrated  Baron  de 
Breterie,  who  lives  with  her.    We  hmre 
also  die  Marquise  de  Brebanee,  tht  Plrin- 
cesse  de  Leon,  the  Princesse  de  Mmit- 
morencie,  the  Vicomte  de  BonviUe,  the 
Due  de  Polignac,  the  beau  Dillon    Tof 
whom  you  must  certainlv  have  hearo,) 
and,  in  short,  the  very  best  society  of 
Paris.    This,  you  must  suppose,  is  plea- 
sant :  everybody  is  at  their  ease ;  some  play 
at  tric-trac,  others  work,  others  f9ni  U 
belle  eonpertation ;  and  so  well,  witii  so 
much  wit  and  novelty  of  thought,  that  I 
was  much  entertained  by  it.     Yoa  will 
easily  conceive,  that,  after  suoh  sodatj, 
the  Dutch  assemblies  must  be  dreadfoL  I 
therefore  seldom  go  near  them,  and,  in- 
deed, a  late  proof  of  their  stupidity,  would 
have  terrified  a  man  possessed  of  more 
courage  than  myself.      An  unfortnnato 
Irishman,  known  by  the  name  of  Lord 
Kerry,  being  the  other  night  at  one  of  the 
Dutch   assemblies,    and   quite  oreroome 
with  its  stupidity,  3rawned  so  terriUj  that 
he  fairly  dislocated  his  jaw ;  it  was  im- 
mediately set  again,  but  he  has  saffered 
much  from  the  accident,  and  is  stili  oon- 
fined  by  it  to  his  bed.     He  is  a  man  up- 
wards of  fifty,  and  conseauently  most  hars 
been  frequently  ennuieil  before  ;  but  suoh 
peculiar  ennui  was  more  than  he  had  bar- 
gained for,  or  had  power  to  resist ;  yon 
may  think  this  a  made  anecdote,  but  I 
assure  you  that  I  have  told  you  the  plain 
matter  of  fact.    There  is  a  Duchesse  de  la 
Force  here,  a  sort  of  idiot,  whom  I  wish 
you  could  see.     She  would  entertain  yon 
very  much  ;  her  conversation  is  composed 
of  the  same   set  of  phrases,   which  she 
vents  upon  all  occasions.     One  of  them 
is,  '  £t  les  details  ?'  She  said  the  other  day 
without  minding    her    question  *  or    his 
reply,   '  Eh  bien !    M.    Dillon,  y  a-t-il 
quelques  nouvelles?'    '  11  n'y  en  a  pas, 
Madame.'     '  Vraiment  I    et  les  d/*tails  ?* 
When  they  told  her  that  the  Queen  of 
France  was  dead,  she  asked  for  the  '  d^ 
tails.'    She  would  make  an  tzoellent  cha- 
racter in  a  comedy,"  &c. 


V 


1 810.]    Retirw. — Life  and  Correspondence  of  Hi.  S,  Lewis,  Esq,       1 7 1 


At  p.  213  we  find  the  following  lu- 
tiicrous  anecdote  relating  to  a  cele- 
brated actress  of  the  time,  whose  mind 
appears  to  have  been  temporarily  over- 
set by  what  Sheridan  called  '*  the 
whole  regiment  of  ghosts  "  in  the  Ca$- 
tlc  Spectre. 

"The  terrors  inspired  by  the  Spectre 
were  not  confined  to  Drury  Lane;  but,  as 
tlie  following  anecdote  shows,  on  one  oc- 
casion they  even  extended  considerably 
l)t7ond  it.  Mrs.  Powell,  who  played 
Kvelina,  having  become,  from  the  number 
of  representations,  heartily  tired  and 
wearied  with  the  character,  one  evening, 
on  ret  anting  from  the  theatre,  walked 
listlessly  into  a  drawing-room,  and  throw- 
ing herself  into  a  seat  exclaimed,  *  Oh ! 
this  ghost,  this  ghost !  Heavens  1  how  the 
ghost  torments  me  !'  '  Ma'am,*  uttered 
a  tremulous  voice  from  the  other  side  of 
the  table.     Mrs.  Powell  looked  up  hastily. 

*  Sir,*  she  exclaimed,  in  nearly  the  same 
tone,  as  she  encountered  the  Ml  eounte- 
naiict*  of  a  very  sober-looking  gentleman 
opposite,  *  ^^Tiat — what  was  it  you  said, 
Ma'am  ?'  '  Really,  Sir,*  replied  the  as- 
tonished actress,  *  1  have  not  the  pleasure 
of — Why,  good  Heavens  I  what  have 
they  been  about  in  the  room  ?'  *  Madam,* 
continued  the  gentleman,  '  the  room  it 
mine,  and  1  will  thank  you  to  explain.' 

*  Your*,*  screamed  Mrs.  Powell,  'surely, 
Sir,  this  is  number  1.*  No,  indeed. 
Madam,'  he  replied,  '  this  is  number  2  ; 
and  really  your  language  is  so  very  extra- 
ordinary, tliat' — Mrs.  Powell,  amidst  her 
confusion,  ctmld  scarcely  refrain  from 
hiughter  ;  'Ten  thousand  pardons,*  she  said, 

*  the  coachman  must  have  mistaken  the 
house.  I  am  Mrs.  Powell,  of  Drury 
LAne,  and  have  just  come  from  perform- 
ing the  Castle  Spectre.  Fatigue  and  ab- 
sence of  mind  have  made  me  an  uncon- 
scious intruder  ;  I  lodge  next  door,  and  I 
lio)H'  you  will  excuse  this  unintentional 
alarm  I  have  occasioned  you.'  It  is  almost 
ntedless  to  add  that  the  gentleman  was 
much  relieved  by  this  rational  explana- 
titm,  and  participated  in  the  mirth  of  hia 
niM'turnal  visitor  as  he  |>olitely  escorted 
her  to  the  street-door.  *  Good  night,* 
said  the  still  laughing  actress,  '  and  I  hope 
Sir,  in  future,  1  shall  pay  more  attention 
to  number  one,'  " 

At  p.  236,  arc  a  few  lines  from  the 
poem  of  the  "Captive,"  which  wc  men- 
tion, because  it  appears  to  us  that 
they  gave,  as  it  were,  the  key  note  to 
the  stvle  of  Crabbers  fine  poem  of  "  Sir 
Kustace  Gray."  The  settled  melaD- 
chuly    of  the   feeling  gives  a   deep 


impression  to  the  somewhat  common 
and  familiar  words, 

*'  Stay,  gaoler,  stay,  and  hear  my  woe ! 

She  is  not  mad,  who  knells  to  thee. 
For  what  Tm  now,  too  well  I  know, 

And  what  I  was,  and  what  should  be. 
I'll  rave  no  more  in  proud  despair. 

My  language  shall  be  calm,  though  sad ; 
But  yet  I'll  firmly,  truly  swear, 

I  am  not  mad  !  I  am  not  mad  I 

*'  A  tyrant  husband  forg*d  the  tale 

Which  chains  me  in  this  dreary  cell  I 
My  fate  unknown  my  friends  bewail — 

Oh  I  gaoler,  haste,  that  fate  to  tell. 
Oh  !  haste  my  father's  heart  to  cheer  ; 

That  heart  at  once  *  twill  grieve  and  glad 
To  know,  though  kept  a  captive  here, 

I  am  not  mad !  I  am  not  mad  1 

"  'Tis  rare  a  dream  ?  some  fancy  vain  ! 

I — I, — the  child  of  rank  and  wealth ; 
Am  I  the  wretch  who  clanks  this  chain, 

Depriv'd  of  freedom,  friends,  and  health? 
Oh  1  while  I  count  these  blessings  fled, 

Which  never  more  my  hours  shall  glad ; 
Now  aches  my  heart,  now  boms  my  head, 

But  'tis  not  so  !    I  am  not  mad." 

Among  the  intimate  friends  of  Mr. 
Lewis,  was  the  amiable  but  eccentric 
Lady  Cork,  who,  in  this  respect,  was 
of  a  disposition  something  like  his 
own. 

"  Nothing  delighted  her  Ladyship  so 
much  as  to  be  surrounded  by  odd  people 
of  every  description.  No  matter  in  what 
line  of  absurdity  they  excelled :  the  very 
grave — the  very  gay — the  very  clever — 
the  very  dull — all  naid  charms  in  the  eyes 
of  Lady  Cork.  Yet  she  was  a  person  of 
a  highly  cultivated  mind,  and  found  great 
pleasure  in  the  society  of  men  of  letters : 
and  many  of  the  leading  literary  men  of 
the  day  were  frequent  and  welcome  vi- 
sitors at  her  house.  Her  Ladyship  took 
a  great  fancy  to  Mr.  Thomas  Moore, 
then  in  the  zenith  of  popularity,  and  the 
darling  of  the  day,  and  one  evening  took 
it  into  her  head  to  gratify  her  guests 
with  some  passages  of  dramatic  reading. 
Mr.  Moore  was  the  fascinating  medium 
selected  for  this  *  (low  of  soul,*  upon 
which,  it  seemed,  the  lady  had  set  her 
heart,but  against  which  it  proved  the  gentle- 
man had  set  his  face :  he  was  exceedingly 
sorry — ^was  particularly  engaged — had, 
besides,  a  very  bad  cold — a  terribly  ob- 
stinate *  hoarseness  ;  *  and  declared  all 
this  with  an  exceedingly  '  good-evening  * 
expression  of  countenance.  Her  Lady- 
ship was  puzzled  how  to  act,  till  Lewis 
came  to  her  relief ;  and  in  a  short  time 


18 10.]    Review.— L//e  atid  Correspondence  of  M.  S.  Leivis,  Esq.       173 


most  a  passion  for  mirrors ;  and  Barnes, 
as  well  a^  the  apartments  he  afterwards  oc- 
cupied in  the  Albany,  had  a  profuse,  though 
tasteful  display  of  these,  as  well  as  an  un- 
usual quantity  of  exquisitely  finished  bijou- 
terie, and  of  the  most  unique  and  classical 
representations.  For  seals,  also,  his  pen- 
chant was  peculiar.  He  was  continually  in- 
venting new  mottoes  and  devices,  until,  at 
last  he  possessed  a  stock  that  might  have 
furnished  the  windows  of  a  jeweller's  shop. 
His  miniature  grounds  were  laid  out  with 
the  greatest  taste  and  beauty.  On  the 
lawn  before  the  cottage  were  two  finely 
finished  statues  of  bronze ;  one  a  Cupid  in 
the  act  of  flying  from  a  pedestal,  on  which 
was  engraved  the  following  lines  from  his 
pen — 

Tlionj^h  ap-c  intrudr,  with  frown  repelling'. 
Love,  while  I  live,  shall  share  ray  dwelling; 
*  B<'!fone,  vain  boy ' — should  stoics  cry. 
Just  gpread  your  wings,  but  never  fly. 

**  The  other,  a  figure  representing  For- 
tune, was  grasping  a  purse,  and  standing 
upon  a  globe.  On  the  pedestal  of  which 
was  written  : 

Ia)  !  in  my  hand  a  purse  of  gold. 
And  at  my  feet  the  world  behold  ! 
i'(»r  they,  whom  FortuneN  favours  greet, 
Still  find  the  world  is  at  their  feet,"  &c. 

Wc  arc  now  approaching  the  termi- 
nation of  our  history.  "When,  at  the 
death  of  his  father,  Mr.  Lewis  came 
into  possession  of  the  Jamaica  Estates, 
his  sense  of  duty,  as  well  as  his  feel- 
ings of  humanity,  led  him  to  make  a 
visit  to  his  property.  His  book  called 
the  "  Journal  of  a  West  India  Pro- 
prietor,'* as  well  as  these  volumes,  will 
shew  with  what  acts  of  kindness  and 
humanity  his  residence  was  marked, 
and  what  improvements  he  made  in 
the  condition  of  the  poor  enslaved 
beings,  that  Providence  had  entrusted 
to  his  care.  After  some  interval  a  se- 
cond visit  was  made ;  and  he  left  in  his 
will,  that  whoever  should  inherit  his 
Jamaica  estates,  should  every  third 
year  visit  them  in  person ;  and  omit- 
ting this,  his  right  to  them  was  for- 
feited. In  May  1818,  heembarkedoa 
board  the  Sir  Godfrey  Webster,  under 
the  care  of  Captain  Boys,  on  his 
homeward  voyage  to  England  ;  he  had 
been  previously  suffering  from  a  slight 
attack  of  yellow  fever,  and  seemed  from 
his  fif^t  coming  on  hoard,  restless  and 
irritable.  Sea  sickness  of  a  violent 
kind  added  to  his  illness.    He  grew 


obstinate  and  more  irritable,  and  instead 
of  remaining  in  bed,  and  allowing  the 
medicines  to  take  proper  effect,  he 
would  rush  upon  deck,  walk  for  hours, 
and  then  return  to  his  couch  worse 
than  when  he  lefl  it. 

*'  Continued  retchings  (writes  a  lady,  a 
fellow  passenger)  seemed  to  rack  every 
nerve  in  his  body,  and  his  groans  of  agony 
pierced  my  very  soul.  Indeed  I  could 
get  no  rest  for  his  moanings.  Every  at- 
tention was  paid  that  kindness  could  de- 
vise. We  were  all  in  a  wretched  state, 
and  the  extreme  heat  of  the  latitude  in 
which  we  were,  increased  our  distress. 
At  midnight,  only  six  days  after  we  sailed, 
Mr.  Lewis,  in  a  paroxysm  of  agony,  had 
the  ship's  steward  called  up,  and  demand- 
ed a  dose  of  an  emetic,  feeling,  as  he  ex- 
pressed it,  an  insupportable  load  at  his 
stomach.  Remonstrance  was  useless,  and 
in  the  hurry  of  the  moment  to  comply 
with  his  impatience,  a  strong  emetic  was 
imprudently  administered  by  the  steward. 
From  that  time  the  retchings  were  inces- 
sant. I  saw  Mr.  Lewis  at  mid-day  on 
the  13th,  his  sufferings  were  fearfuUy  dis- 
tressing; I  think  he  was  aware  of  his 
danger,  and  some  memoranda  were  writ- 
ten from  his  dictation  and  sealed  up.  I 
last  saw  Mr.  Lewis,  about  nine  on  the 
some  evening,  before  I  retired  for  the 
night,  and  promised  to  call  ont  to  those 
who  were  watching  in  the  outward  cabin, 
the  half  hours  when  he  was  to  have  a 
medicine  given  to  him.  I  did  so  :  at  ten 
o'clock,  I  heard  him  say,  '  I  thank  yon, 
thank  you.*  All  that  night  his  groantf 
were  dreadful;  I  could  only  lie  in  my 
berth  and  listen  to  them,  for  illness  ren« 
dered  me  powerless.  By  degncB  his 
moanings  subsided  into  low  convulsive 
sobs :  they  grew  fainter  and  fainter,  and 
became  calmed  into  a  gentle  breathing,  as 
though  the  sufferer  slept.  I  was  worn 
out,  and  lost  all  consciousness.  From 
this  state  of  stupor,  (for  1  can  hardly  call 
it  sleep,)  I  was  roused  by  the  steward,  at 
a  little  past  four  on  the  mfjp'ning  of  the 
1 4th  May,  calling  me  by  name.  He  came 
to  inform  me  that  Idr.  Lewis  was  no 
more." 

We  roust  not  omit  to  mention  the 
account  by  the  same  writer,  of  the 
circumstances  that  attended  the  com- 
mittal of  the  body  to  the  deep.  Sin- 
gular that  this  last  scene  of  life's 
drama  should  have  had  something 
melo'dramaiic  in  its  effect. 

"  With  all  the  decencies  that  can  be  ob- 
served on  such  ao  occasion,  the  corpse  of  our 


174 


Review.-— Tarnbiiirs  Austria. 


[Feb. 


lamented  and  regretted  fellow-passenger, 
haying  been  placed  in  a  proper  coffin,  at 
that  impressive  sentence  in  the  form  of 
burial  at  sea,  *  We  [commit  onr  brother 
to  the  deep,'  was  gently  lowered  into  its 
ocean  tomb.     Never  shall  I   forget   the 
sound   of  the  splashing  waters,  as  for  an 
instant  the  ingulphing  wave  closed  over 
his  remains.     The  coffin,  encased  in  its 
shroud-like  hammock,  rose  again  almost 
immediately ; —  the    end   of,    the    ham. 
mock  having  become  unfastened,  and  the 
weights  which  had  been  inclosed,  escaping, 
the  wind  getting  under  the  canvas,  acted 
as  a  sail,  and  the  body  was  slowly  borne 
down  the  current  away  from  us,  in  the  di- 
rection of  Jamaica.     I  remained  on  deck 
straining   my  eyes  to  watch,  as  it  floated 
on  its'course,  the  last  narrow  home  of  him 
who  had  indeed  been  my  friend  ;  till  nearly 
blinded  by  tears,  and  the  distance  that 
was  gradually  placed  between  the  vessel 
and  the  object  of  my  gaze,  it  became  like 
a  speck  upon  the  waters,  and  I  saw  it  no 
more.*' 

Another  account,  given  by  a  pas- 
senger,  agrees  with  this  in  its  general 
statements,  especially  in  the  striking 
and  singular  scene  last  described. 

Austria.    By  P.  E.  Turnbull,  Esq., 

F,R,S.,  F,S.A.  2  vols. 
WE  are  sorry  that  want  of  space 
prevents  our  doing  any  justice  to  the 
volumes  before  us,  for  in  truth  they 
are  recommended  by  many  valuable 
qualities;  and   certainly   afford  a  far 
more  temperate,  judicious,  and  correct 
account  of  Austria,  as  to  her  govern- 
ment, policy,  civil  and  social  institu- 
tions,  than    we  can   elsewhere  find. 
The  second  volume  contains  a  great 
deal  of  valuable  observation  on  all  the 
main  subjects  of  internal  government 
and  foreign  policy,  well  arranged,  and 
with  details  sufficiently  full ;  the  first 
is  occupied  with  the  account   of  the 
author's  travMs  in  its  different  states, 
and  with  a  description  of  the  scenery, 
antiquities,  and    natural    curiosities 
which  he  visited.*     Had  we  room  for 
extracts,  we  should  be  inclined  to  make 
them    from    the    author's    graphical 
description  of  the  Saxon  Swisserland, 

*  There  is  only  one  subject  on  which 
Mr.  Turnbull  occasionally  writes,  of  which 
he  is  apparently  quite  ignorant :  i.  e.  on 
curious  books.  Under  tiiat  head,  he  has 
made  many  blunders,  and  evidently  he 
has  no  knowledge  of  their  rarity  or  value. 


Schandau,  and  Probischer  Thm*;  wc 
should  take  much  from  his  accoant  of 
Bohemia ;  but,  perhaps,  we  have  been 
more  interested  with  the  description 
of  the  Illyrian  Provinces,  the  quick- 
silver mines  of  Idria,  the  cavems  of 
Adelsberg,  under  which  head  we  have 
a  fuller  and  better  account  of  the  iVv- 
teu8  anguinus  than  we  had  before  seen, 
and  the  excursion  to  Pola.    We  have 
read  vvith  attention  the  author'a  ob- 
servations in  his  second  volumetmthe 
government  of  Austria,  and  the  con- 
clusions to  which  he  arrives  respect- 
ing its  character;  yet,  hi^lj  as  we 
estimate  the  correctness  of  his  informa- 
tion, and  the  candour  and  fairness  of 
his  reasonings,  we  still  think  that  be 
views   it   in  too  favourable  a  light. 
Great,  indeed,  beyond  any  past  expe* 
rience  great,  ought  to  be  the  blessings 
bestowed  by  a  government  on  its  sob- 
jects,  which  could  compensate  for  the 
cruel  and  somewhat  capricious  Uiral- 
dom  in  which  they  are  held.      Great 
caution,  approaching  to  timidity,  seems 
to  be  its  character,  and  the  timid  are, 
by  their  very  defect,  apt  to  be  unjust. 
Then  it  appears  that  while  the  higher 
nobles,  the  great  feudal  lords  of  Hon- 
gary,  are  feared  and  respected ;  while 
the  merchants  and  bankers,  to  whom 
the  state  looks  for  pecuniary  assist- 
ance,  are   indulged;  and  while    the 
rights  of  the  populace  are  respected 
and  their  comfort  assured ;  the  nobility 
of   a   lower  rank    and  less  influence 
are  most  injuriously  harassed  and  ill- 
treated,  of  tvhich  Mr.  Turnbull's  book 
gives  some   striking  instances.     The 
system  of  espionage,    too,  whenever 
liberal  sentiments   are    suspected,    is 
most  severe.    Thus,  as  it  were,  this 
;>a/er«a/ government  seems  tacitly  to 
confess  that  its  existence  is  founded, 
and  its  tranquillity  maintained,  on  the 
principle  that  its  subjects  should   be 
ignorant   of  the    rights    which  their 
fellow  creatures  possess  and  eqjoy,  in 
nations  that  have  either  never  bent 
their  necks,  or  else  have  shaken  off  the 
yoke  of  despotism.    With  all  its  cau- 
tion we  pronounce  that  this  govern- 
ment cannot  last  long ;  it  has  internally 
some  great  evils— the  constitution  of 
Hungary  being  the  first— and  the  state 
of  its  financial  affairs  seems  anything 
but  satisfactory.     What  may  be  the 
manner  in  which  the  great  moyement 


1840.]      Ri!TiEW.«--&Ia]colm'a  Travelt  in  SotUh'EatterH  Aria. 


175 


of  change  shall  first  appear  in  this 
singular  country  we  dare  not  say  ;  or 
how  far,  when  it  comes,  it  may  affect 
the  stability  or  prosperity  of  Austria 
itself;  but  the  prosperity  of  the  revenue 
and  the  improvement  in  the  financial 
system  seems  absolutely  necessary  to 
preserve  the  good  understanding  be- 
tween the  people  and  government.  A 
heavier  taxation  would  soon  poison  the 
sources  of  the  present  content,  which 
seem  to  be  little  more  than  ease  and 
tlie  means  of  enjoyment ;  and  com- 
merce, which  is  now  opening  her 
wings  over  the  southern  shores  of  the 
empire,  will  bring  with  her  her  usual 
freight ;  not  only  supplying  the  body 
with  new  conveniences,  but  the  mind 
with  new  ideas  \  the  thoughts  that 
come  with  her,  will  be  free  as  the  winds 
that  waft  her  to  the  shores  :  even  now 
along  the  Danube,  the  new  channel  of 
communication  has  already  baffled  the 
narrow  jealousies  of  the  state,  and, 
though  the  Austrian  police  can  and  do 
prevent  its  subjects  entering  Hungary 
by  land,  they  cannot  prevent  them 
visiting  it  whenever  they  like  by  water. 
An  Austrian,  to  see  Hungary,  must 
take  his  passage  for  Constantinople ; 
and  he  will  quit  his  vessel  at  anyplace 
he  may  think  Ht.  baffling  emperor, 
minister,  and  all  his  myrmidons. 


Travpls  in   South- Eastern    Asia,    SfC. 
Hy  the  Rev.  H.  Malcolm.    2  vols, 

WK  are  indebted  to  the  labours  of 
missionaries  for  some  very  valuable 
works  on  countries  so  remote  and  so 
uninviting,  that  religious  zeal  could 
alone  induce  the  stranger  to  make  bis 
habitation  there.  The  trader,  indeed, 
touches  at  their  shores  ;  but  when  he 
has  discharged  his  cargo  and  assured 
his  market,  he  quits  them  to  continue 
his  speculations,  without  regard  to 
the  country  or  inhabitants.  Mr. 
Malcolm  has  given  us  a  very  inte- 
rettting  work  on  the  Burman  empire, 
Malaya,  and  Hindoostan,  which  will 
repay  perusal.  In  vol.  I.  p.  173-1 04, 
the  account  of  the  vegetable  produc- 
titms,  fruits,  &c.  of  Burmah  is  tole- 
rably copious.  1'he  glory  of  its  forests 
is  the  teak  tree  (tectona  grandis) ;  it  is 
probably  the  most  valuable  timber  in 
the  world.  It  has  this  advantage  over 
oak.  that,  while  that  has  an  acid  which 
destroys  iron,  this  hat  an  etiential  oil 


which  preserves  it.  Of  oak,  eight  or 
ten  species  are  found  in  different  parts 
of  the  Upper  Country,  some  of  them 
stately  trees ;  but  tne  abundance  of 
teak  prevents  its  general  use.  The 
natural  history  of  Burmah  is  yet  im- 
perfectly  known. 

At  vol.  H.  p.  26,  the  following  cha- 
racter of  the  Hindoos  is  given  by  our 
author  :— 

**  My  personal  knowledge  of  Hindoot- 
tan  and  the  Hindoos ,  though  too  limited  to 
authorize  me  to  produce  new  opinions,  is 
abundantly  sufficient  to  satis^  me  of  the 
truth  of  portraits  drawn  by  others.  I  read 
much  on  both  sides,  and  instantly  marked 
whatever  tended  to  show  up  the  native 
character,  and  the  tendency  of  Brah- 
xninism  ;  and  at  every  step  was  more  and 
more  confirmed  in  the  opinion  of  Lord 
Teignmouth,  whose  personal  knowledge 
of  India  was  extensive,  that — '  the  Gentoos 
are  as  degenerate,  crafty,  litigious,  and 
wretched  a  people  as  any  in  the  known 
world,  especially  the  common  run  of 
Brahmins  ;'  and  of  Claudius  Buchanan, 
who  pronounced  the  Hindoos  to  be  des- 
titute of  honesty,  truth,  and  justice ;  and 
of  Sir  James  Macldntosb,  quoting  Sir  W. 
J  ones*  s  opinion  as  his  own,  who,  among 
the  evidences  of  their  depravity,  speaks  of 
the  general  prevalence  of  perjury,  which, 
perhaps,  is  a  more  certain  sign  of  the 
dissolution  of  moral  principle  than 
other  daring  and  ferocious  crimes,  and 
much  more  horrible  to  the  imagination. 
Of  the  same  mind  with  these  distinguished 
men  was  Forbes,  the  author  of  the  Oriental 
Memoirs.  He  says — *  I  cannot  praise  a 
religion  which  encourages  thousands, 
perhaps  millions,  of  idle  vagabonds,  who 
practise  no  virtues,  but  under  the  mask 
of  piety,  with  a  sort  of  stoical  apathy  and 
Pharisaical  zeal,  undergo  needless  austeri- 
ties and  penances  near  their  celebrated 
.  temples,  or  pervade  the  provinces  of 
Hindoostan>  singly,  or  in  large  bodies,  to 
make  depredation  on  the  hard-earned 
property  of  the  poor  villagers,  and  violate 
the  chastity  of  their  wives  and  daughters, 
under  a  cloak  of  sanctity  or  religious  per- 
faction.'  Mr.  WUkes,  in  hU  HUtory  of 
Mysore,  observes  of  the  same  people — 
*  The  Hindoo  character,  like  all  others, 
is  of  a  mixed  nature,  but  it  is  composed  of 
strange  and  contradictory  elements.  The 
man  who  may  safely  be  trusted  for  uni- 
formly unfolding  the  whole  truth  to  a 
European,  in  whom  he  reposes  confidence, 
may  be  expected  to  equivocate,  and  even 
to  contradict,  every  word  he  has  said,  if 
called  on  to  repeat  it  in  the  presence  of  a 
third  person,  whom  he  either  teun  or 
suspects ;  and  in  one  of  theie  deforiptions 


176 


Review.— 'Agnew  on  the  Pyramids  of  Gizeh, 


[Feb. 


he  usually  includes  all  strangers.  The 
same  individual  who  from  pique,  and  often 
without  any  intelligible  motive,  will  per- 
jure himself  without  shame  or  compunc- 
tion at  a  public  trial,  is  faithful,  kind,  and 
respectable  in  the  intercourse  of  society." 

Mr.  Malcolm  justly  observes, 

**  that  the  whole  contrariety  of  the 
whole  system  of  the  Hindoos,  to  all  mild- 
ness, purity,  benevolence,  and  peace,  may 
be  seen  on  opening  any  of  their  sacred 
books.*' 

The  account  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
work  of  the  missionary  field  in  the 
East  is  full  of  important  information. 
It  appears  that  there  are  one  hundred 
and  six  distinct  races  of  people  in  or 
near  the  Burmah  empire,  each  of 
which  demands  a  separate  mission. 
The  author  also  has  written  very  ju- 
diciously on  the  measure  of  missionary 
success,  and  the  mode  of  conducting 
missions. 


Letters  from  Alexandria,  on  tlie  practi- 
cal application  of  tlie  Quadrature  of 
the  Circle,  in  the  configuration  of  the 
Great  Pyramids  of  Gizeh,  By  U, 
C.  Agnew,  Esq,  4to, 

WE  will  just  give  the  short  sum- 
mary of  the  question  stated  in  this  in- 
genious dissertation. 

"  The  most  beautiful  form  of  a  Pyra- 
mid is  perhaps  that  which  may  be  sup- 
posed to  be  cut  out  of  a  hemisphere,  and 
is  bounded  by  the  planes  contained  be- 
tween eight  chords  of  DO",  four  in  the 
great  circle  constituting  the  square  of  its 
base,  and  four  others  from  the  corners  of 
the  square  meeting  at  the  pole.  The  focus 
of  such  a  Pyramid  would  of  course  be  equi- 
lateral triangles.  The  angles  of  the  edges 
with  the  diagonals  of  the  base,  would  be 
45'*,  and  the  angle  at  the  top  formed  by 
opposite  edges  would  be  a  right  angle. 
Such  a  Pyramid  would  be  in  fact  the  half  of 
the  octahedron,  one  of  the  five  regular 
bodies  inscriptible  in  the  sphere.'' 

Why  was  neither  of  the  great  Pyra- 
mids of  Gizeh  built  of  this  form  ?  and 
why  was  the  second  Pyramid  made 
steeper  than  the  first  ? 

**  Most  people,  (says  the  author,)  ap- 
pear to  take  it  for  granted,  that  the  two 
great  Pyramids  of  Gizeh  were  built  at  the 
same  angle  of  elevation,  and  differed  only 
in  size  and  not  in  shape ;  but  the  French, 
as  well  as  Belzoni,  had  long  ago  given 
measurements,  the  deductions  from  which 
made  the  second  Pyramid  to  be  steeper 
than  the  first.  They  do  not,  however, 
8 


agree  in  their  statements  of  the  differenee, 
nor  attempt  to  give  a  reason  for  the  vari- 
ation of  the  angles.  The  second  Pyra- 
mid does  indeed  appear  a  good  deal 
steeper  to  a  good  eye ;  but  as  it  still 
retains  the  upper  portion  of  its  canng, 
while  the  great  Pyramid  has  lost  all  the 
outer  stones,  and  many  feet  of  its  top, 
the  observer  is  apt  to  suppose  himself  de- 
ceived by  these  circumstances,  and  con- 
cludes the  Pyramids  were  of  the  same 
shape ;  but  the  truth  is,  the  facet  of  the 
second  were  really  steeper  than  those  of 
the  first,  by  one  degree. 

The  angles  of  the  comers  of  the  great 
Pyramid      ....    41  •    28'    43*. 
Of  the  second  Pyramid     42**    35' 

Of  the  third  Pyramid ^ 

rather  less  than    .     .    52** 

The  angle  of  the  faces  with  the  plan  of 
the  base, 

Great  Pyramid  ...  51*  20*  1" 
Second  Pyramid  .  .  .  52<»  25'  51" 
Third  Pyramid     .     .     .    51»    50*      0* 

The  slope  of  the  third  Pyramid  was  appa- 
rentlyalmost  intermediate  between  the  slope 
of  the  first  and  second.  Followingthe  com. 
mon  fable,  that  each  Pyramid  has  its  own 
peculiar  builder,  and  that  each  was  a  se- 
parate   monument  unconnected  with  its 
neighbours,  except  by  the  casual  conti- 
guity  of  position,  my  first  idea  was  that 
the  constructors  of  the  first  and  second 
(call  them   Cheops    and   Cephron)    had 
each  built  his  Pyramid  on  the  geometri- 
cal plan  most  accordant  with  his  concep- 
tions of  propriety,  and  that  their  successor 
Mycerinus,  finding  his  father's  monument 
too  fiat,  and  his  uncle's  too  steep,  had  dis- 
covered,  or  believed  he  had  discovered, 
the  rule  of  perspective,  and  formed  his 
Pyramid  accordingly.     This  notion  was 
correct  only  so  far,  as  that  the  third  Py. 
ramid  was  the  most  perfect  geometrical 
figure ;  but  if  the  deductions  in  the  fol- 
lowing pages  be  admitted,  we  must  arrive 
at  the  remarkable   conclusion,  that  the 
three  great  Pyramids  of  Gizeh  were  com- 
ponent parts  of  one  immense  system,  Mem- 
bers  of  a  vast  united  triad,  each  in  itself 
admirable,   but  all  three    so  connected 
with  the  first  principle  of  the  system,  as 
to  form  but  one  perfect  whole.     If  then 
in  the  contemplation  of  one  of  these  sub- 
lime structures,  we  are  lost  in  astonish- 
ment at  the  greatness  of  the  undertaking, 
how  must  one's  wonder  be  increased  when 
we  find  that  all  were  planned  at  once  :  that 
before  a  stone  of  the  great  causeway  was 
laid,   the  precise  proportions  of  the  se- 
cond and  third  Pyramids,  as  well  as  of  the 
first,  were  unalterably  determined  by  the 
necessary  effect  of- the  rule  which  fited 
the  length  and  breadth  of  the  causeway 
itself."  ^ 


\ 


1 840.]       Review.— WodderapooD's  Historic  SUes  of  Suffolk.  177 


The  author  then  gives  the  result  of 
bis  calculations  on  the  two  great  Pyra* 
mids,  which  was,  "  of  the  two  perpen- 
diculars being  radii  of  circles,  toge- 
ther equal  to  the  sum  of  the  perime- 
ters of  the  base."  Yet  the  alliance  of 
these  vast  structures  was  still  imper- 
fect. The  holy  circle  of  the  first  dia- 
gram, parent  of  the  system,  has  none 
of  its  essential  attributes  represented. 
The  squares  of  the  bases  of  the  two 
Pyramids  were  squares  of  contact 
only,  but  the  peculiar  square  of  rela- 
tionship to  each  circle  was  still  to  be 
looked  for.  The  author  felt  persuaded 
that  the  third  Pyramid  formed  part  of 
the  grand  system,  and  that  the  cir- 
cumstance mentioned  by  Herodotus, 
&c.,  of  the  granite  casing  reaching  only 
half  way  up,  had  a  special  meaning ; 
it  ^as  reasonable  to  conclude,  that 
this  third  Pyramid  had  its  ^ze  neces- 
sarily determined  by  the  proportions  of 
the  first  great  Pyramid,  or  of  the  two 
great  Pyramids  jointly.  The  angle  of  the 
inclination  of  the  forms  he  measured  on 
the  granite  stones,  gave  something 
under  52%  and  it  was  evident  that  the 
true  angle,  were  it  possible  to  ascer- 
tain it  with  sufficient  accuracy,  would 
be  found  to  be  3\\  51'.  14*.  and  that 
therefore  this  Pyramid  presented  to 
itself  a  perfection  which  neither  of  the 
two  great  Pyramids  separately  poa- 
sessed,  viz :  thai  it$  perpendicular 
was  the  radius  of  a  circle,  the  circum- 
fn-ence  of  which  was  equal  to  the  square 
of  its  base.  For  proofs  of  this,  and  of 
the  third  Pyramid  being  a  practical 
squaring  of  the  circle,  and  for  some 
other  geometrical  observations  of  much 
curiosity,  we  must  refer  to  the  work 
itself,  the  details  of  which  it  is  impos- 
sible to  abridge. 


Historic  Sites,  and  other  remarkable 
and  interesting  Places  in  the  County 
of  Suffolk.  By  John  Wodderspoou. 
8ro.  pp,  300. 

A  VERY  pleasing  work  of  the  same 
character  as  this  has  recently  ap- 
peared from  the  pen  of  William 
Howitt.  to  which  we  hope  shortly  to 
pay  attention ;  but  the  less  assuming 
volume  before  us  has  a  prior  claim  to 
our  notice,  as  it  is  certainly  not  an 
imiution  of  Mr.  Howitt's  work.  It 
made  its  public  appearance  some 
weeks  earlier,  and  in  fact,  the  papers 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII. 


of  which  it  consists  were  commenced 
in  1837.  in  "the  Suffolk  Literary 
Chronicle." 

It  is  devoted  to  the  most  interesting 
spots  of  one  county,  a  county  which, 
before  the  course  of  national  events 
was  so  uniformly  concentrated  to  the 
metropolis,  partook  in  many  a  stirring 
event,  and  gave  birth  and  heritage  to 
some  of  our  most  remarkable  historical 
characters. 

Some  specimens  of  the  very  clever 
woodcuts  which  form  the  embellish- 
ments having  been  offered  to  our  use, 
we  shall  at  once  proceed  to  describe 
the  subjects  which  they  represent. 

The  exterior  walls  of  Framlingham 
Castle  are  still  complete,  showing  no 
absolute  breach  at  any  point,  though 
in  various  conditions  of  decay  or  pre- 
servation, its  most  striking  feature  is 
the  Gateway,  (represented in  the  annex- 
ed view,)  which  is  approached  by  a 
stone  bridge  thrown  across  the  moat. 
But  after  passing  this  archway,  the 
interior  presents  a  dreary  space  of  un- 
occupied ground ;  the  chambers  having 
been  carefully  cleared  away,  and  their 
materials  probably  employed  in  the 
construction  of  the  parish  workhouse, 
which  rears  its  naked  front  on  the  left 
side  of  the  area.  This  striking  change 
in  the  destination  of  Framlingham 
Castle  took  place  in  the  year  1/24. 

Framlingham  Castle  is  well  known 
as  the  place  where  Queen  Mary  ga- 
thered up  her  strength  on  her  accession 
to  the  throne  in  the  year  1553.  That 
Princess  had,  in  fact,  enjoyed  the 
neighbouring  manor  and  mansion  of 
Kenninghall,  with  portions  of  the 
Howard  estates,  during  the  whole 
reign  of  her  brother,  having  received 
them  from  her  father,  on  the  attainder 
of  Thomas  Duke  of  Norfolk.  She 
was,  therefore,  here  in  the  midst  of  her 
own  tenants  and  dependants ;  whilst 
the  friends  of  the  disinherited  Howards 
would  eagerly  rally  round  her,  in 
support  of  a  Princess  of  their  own 
religion.  Framlingham,  which  had 
been  kept  in  the  Crown  during  the 
whole  of  Edward's  reign,  was  imme- 
diately restored  to  the  Duke  of  Nor- 
folk ;  and,  at  the  same  time,  or  shortly 
after,  the  Queen  returned  to  him  the 
manor  of  Kenninghall.  After  this  pe- 
riod the  latter  place  is  supposed  to 
have  been  preferred  as  a  residence  to 
the    Castle    of  Framlingham,  which 

2  A 


180  Review.— Wodderspoon'8  Historic  Sites  of  Suffolk,        {Fdbw 


rested  and  murdered.  The  Duke  of 
Suffolk  suffered  a  death  of  equal 
violence  four  years  after  on  the  sea 
between  England  and  Calais.  There 
is  in  Wingfield  Church  an  effigy  which 
has  been  ascribed  to  this  Duke  (why 
does  Mr. Wodderspoon say  "  Baron"?) 
see  Cough's  Sepulchral  Monuments, 
ii.  249 ;  but  this  is  an  error,  for  the 
three  effigies  at  Wingfield,  all  of  which 
are  engraved  in  Stothard's  Monu- 
mental Effigies,  belong  to  other  gene- 
rations of  the  family. 

One  of    our    author's    subsequent 
visits  is  paid  to  the  Church  of  Fram- 


lingham,  and  the  magnificent  monu- 
ments it  contains  to  several    of   the 
house  of  Howard    are  each  t  brought 
before  the  reader.    The   most   inte- 
resting of  the  whole,  from  the]!  cha- 
racter of  the  person  it 'commemorates, 
is  that  of  Lord  Surrey  the  poet,  though 
there  is  nothing  very  poetical  in  the 
conception   which  the    sculptor    has 
formed  of  his  figure.     It  is  in  the  or- 
dinary guise  of  the  sepulchral  efllgies 
of  that  time,  with  the  stiffness,  but 
without  the    delicacy,  of  an  earlier 
age.     It  would  have  been  much  more 
valuable,  had  it  been  contemporary,  j 


It  was  erected  so  late  as  the  year 
1614  (sixty-seven  years  after  Surrey's 
death)  by  his  son  Henry  Earl  of 
Northampton,  who  is  represented, 
in  youth,  kneeling  at  the  feet  of  his 
parent,  together  with  his  brother  the 
fourth  Duke ;  their  three  sisters  kneel- 
ing at  the  other  end  of  the  monument. 
An  effigy  of  the  Countess  of  Surrey  (a 
daughter  of  John  Earl  of  Oxford)  lies 
by  her  husband's  side  (see  a  plate  in 
Loder's  Framlingham,  p.  299.) 

Avery  similar  effigy  in  Framling- 
ham Church  of  Thomas  third  Duke  of 
Norfolk  (Lord  Surrey*s  father)  is  re- 
markable for  the  collar  which  it  ex- 
hibits. It  is  a  collar  of  the  garter,* 
but  for  the  usual  motto  of  honi  soit 
Qvi  MAL  Y  PENSE,  this  is  Substituted, 

ORACIA.  DEI  SVM  QVOD  8VM. 

Before  we  leave  this  Church  we  may 
mention  that  very  good  lithographic 
drawings  of  the  effigies  of  the  three 
Duchesses  of  Norfolk  have  been  re- 
cently printed  in  Mr.  Howard's  "Me- 
morials of  the  Howard  Family." 

We  must  now  very  hastily  glance 
at  the  subjects  of  the  other  articles  in 
this  work.      They  are,  Fornham  St. 


Genevieve,  and  its  battle  in  1173; 
Stanningfield,  Ambrose  Rokewood, 
and  Mrs.  Inchbald  ;  Aldham  Com. 
mon,  and  the  Martyr  Stone,  at  which 
Dr.  Tayler  was  burnt  in  1555  ;  Wea- 
thorpe  Hall,  the  residence  of  Charles 
Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk;  Ipswich, 
including  Wolsey,  &c.  &c. ;  Rendles- 
ham ;  Redgrave ;  Bury  St.  Edmund's, 
including  David  Hartley,  Bishop  Gard- 
ner, and  George  Bloomfield  ;  Wether- 
ingset ;  Haughley  Castle ;  Grimstone 
Hall,  and  Cavendish  the  Voyager; 
Bungay  Castle ;  Dunwich  the  Ruined 
City ;  Aldborough,  the  birthplace  of 
Crabbe,  &c.  &c. 

With  regard  to  Wolsey  we  mast 
notice  an  error  which  has  been  often 
committed  before,  but  is  here  repeated  ; 
that  his  name  was  written  Wuley. 
This  was  not  the  case ;  it  was  written 
Wulcy,  which,  it  will  at  once  be  per- 
ceived, was  a  natural  variation'in  those 
uncertain  times  of  orthography,  and 
one  not  implying,  as  the  former  would, 
a  material  change  of  pronunciation. 
Our  author  deserves  credit  for  having 
assembled  together  the  local  notices  of 
Wolsey  in  connexion  with  his  birth- 


*  Our  author  is  quite  in  error  when  he  talks  (p.  197,  205)  aboat  the  Duke 
'*  throwing  aside  his  gorgeous  collar  of  SS."  and  wearing  **  one  of  a  simpler 
character."  The  ooUar  of  SS.  was  not  gorgeous;  nor  had  the  Dnke  probably 
ever  worn  it ;  nor  did  he  actually  throw  aside  his  collar  at  all.  The  passage  in  p. 
197  is  a  sad  specimen  of  Mr.  Wodderspoon's  misplaced  flights  of  eloquence. 


1840.]    Review.— Trawartioiw  t)f  the  Koyal  Society  of  Literature,    181 


place  and  the  foundation  of  one  of  his 
colleges;  but  their  arrangement  might 
have  been  much  improved. 

On  the  whole,  we  may  remark  that, 
though  the  design  and  spirit  of  the 
buok  is  good,  its  execution  is  not  in 
the  best  taste.  The  author's  style  is 
generally  inflated  ;  and  many  of  his 
expressions  are  extravagant  and  pre- 
posterous.* His  facts  are  frequently 
^  inaccurate,  as  we  have  incidentally 
shown,  and  we  should  not  examine 
other  parts  of  the  work  without  ma- 
terially adding  to  the  list.f  We  fear 
Mr,  Wodderspoon  has  proceeded  on  a 
bad  principle,  that  the  interest  of  his 
pages  was  to  be  derived  from  something 
better  than  truth.  This  feeling  breaks 
out  at  the  very  commencement  of  his 
preface ;  his  subjects  had  before  "merely 
received  the  notice  of  the  precise  to- 
pographer or  the  pains-taking  anti- 
quary ;"  nor  had  been  "  brought  before 
the  world  in  any  other  guise  than  that 
with  which  the  soberest  narrative 
could  invest  them  in  the  crude  pages  of 
dull  county  historians ;"  and  he  has  not 
gone  further  than  p.  9*  when  he  again 
speaks  of  a  "  rude  topographer,  rum- 
maging among  his  heap  of  stale  facts 
and  miscellanies."  Really,  Mr.  Wod- 
derspoon must  have  forgotten  that  it 
was  to  the  topographers  almost  entirely 
that  he  was  indebted  for  the  facts  by 
which  bis  essays  have  been  suggested  ; 
that  their  province,  though  somewhat 
different  from  his  own,  was,  perhaps, 
more  useful  if  not  so  elegant ;  that  it 
was  his  own  part  to  reject  such  cir- 
cumstances as  were  flat,  stale,  and  un- 
profitable, such  as  the  holding  of  the 
manorial  court  at  Framlingham,  and 
such,  we  may  add,  as  the  foolish  and 
indelicate  libels  on  Queen  Mary  in  pp. 
2,  20 ;  and  on  Queen  Elizabeth  in  p. 
292.  Above  all,  before  he  accused  the 
county  historians  of  dullness,  he  should 
have  perused  the  pages  of  Whitaker, 
Surtees,  or  Hunter,  and  those  of  the 


historian  (of  alas !  too  limited  a  por- 
tion) of  his  own  county,  Mr.  Gage 
Rokewode.  Having  so  far  enlarged 
his  studies,  bis  opinions  would  pro- 
bably undergo  some  change  ;  or  if  be 
adopted  the  more  inviting  and  accessi- 
ble course  of  reading,  as  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  Ainsworth,  &c.,  he  would 
find  that  those  who  have  been  most 
successful  in  the  Romance  of  History, 
have  been  the  most  diligent  in  build- 
ing accurately  upon  recorded  facts,  and 
roost  ready  to  appreciate  the  services 
of  those  who  have  provided  them. 


Transactions  of  the  Royal   Society  of 
Literature.     Vol,  IL     Part  IIL 

WE  notice  the  contents  of  the 
above  in  their  consecutive  order. 

On  the  Use  of  the  Ancient  Cycles  in 
settling  the  Differences  of  Chronologists. 
By  the  Rev,  Fred.  Nolan. 

"  The  Egyptians,*'  according  to  Mr. 
Nolan's  opinion,  "  noc  less  than  the 
Chaldeans,  possessed  some  knowledge 
of  the  great  planetary  year,  by  which  they 
affected  not  merely  to  ascertain  the  final 
destiny  of  the  world,  but  to  discover  its 
first  origioal.  Of  the  curiosity  which 
they  possessed  on  this  interesting  subject, 
and  the  method  which  they  employed  in 
determining  it,  sufficient  evidence  appears 
in  the  letter  addressed  to  Ptolemy  Phi. 
ladelphus  by  Manetho  ;  who,  equally  with 
Berosus,  was  invested  with  the  sacerdotal 
character.  While  that  Memphite  scribe 
declares,  that  his  reply  was  intended  to 
answer  the  inquiries  of  the  monarch,  *  re- 
specting the  things  which  were  to  happen 
in  the  world ; '  in  professing  to  deduce 
this  information  from  the  pillars  which 
had  been  inscribed  by  the  mystagogue 
Thoth,  or  the  volumes  of  which  he  was 
the  reputed  author,  he  points  to  the  same 
traditionary  source  from  whence  the  Ba- 
bylonian priest  professedly  derived  his 
knowledge.  From  the  brief  and  imper- 
fect notices  which  are  transmitted  to  us 


•  A«,  for  instance,  when  he  speaks  of  the  '*  rage  of  the  ambition  "  of  Queen  Mary 
(p.  19) ;  the  "  demoniac  passion  of  Henry  VIII.  for  Anna  Boleyn  *'  (p.  15)  ;  that  the 
Duke  of  Norfolk  had  **  rotted**  for  six  years  in  prison  (p.  24)  ;  that  Sir  Robert 
Hitcham  (p  202)  **  yearned  after  a  seat  in  the  Legislature,  and  at  length  sat — ^for 
West  lAieV* 

t  Perhaps  we  ought  to  notice,  as  occurring  in  the  pages  from  which  we  have  quoted, 
that  '*  Robert  de  Brotherton,  son  of  Hugh  Bigod/'  (p.  7)  is  a  person  who  was  never 
heard  of  before  ;  and  in  pp.  17  and  207  these  two  grievous  anachronisms,  that  King 
Edward  the  Confessor  gave  grants  of  arms,  and  that  the  fourth  Duke  of  Norfolk  was 
father  of  an  Earl  of  Carlisle.  Again,  in  p.  99,  a  portrait  of  Judge  Clench,  who  lived 
in  the  reign  of  Elisabeth,  is  stat^  to  have  been  painted  by  Holbein. 


1 82     Review. — Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature.   '[Feb. 

A  small  plain,  of  somewhat  more  than  a 
square  mile  in  area,  opens  here  on  both 
sides  of  the  torrent.  A  little  way  above 
the  village  this  torrent  is  a  perennial 
brook,  and  is  now  called  the  river  of  Ma- 
rathon. The  plain  appears  to  have  form- 
ed the  territory  of  Oinoe,  one  of  the 
towns  of  the  Tetrapolis  or  Marathonian 
district;  and  a  spot  where  some  relics 
are  >'isible,  on  one  of  the  hills  which  in- 
close it,  retains  the  ancient  name  iiiioor« 
rupted.  The  stream,  now  called  the 
river  of  Marathon,  was  itself  anciently 
known  by  the  name  of  the  torrent  of 
Oinoe  ;  and  it  is  still  remarkable  for  oc- 
casional inundations,  one  of  which  gave 
rise  to  a  proverb  ridiculing  the  folly  of 
the  inhabitants  of  Oinoe,  who,  in  attempt- 
ing to  irrigate  their  fields,  had  their  lands 
ruined  by  the  torrent.  A  copious  foun- 
tain, surrounded  by  the  marble  blocks 
of  a  splendid  ancient  basin,  a  rich  vege- 
tation of  oleanders,  a  small  cavern  in  the 
neighbouring  hill,  and  the  name  of  Mara- 
th6na,  having  drawn  most  travellers  to 
this  spot,  they  were  readily  induced  to 
believe  that  they  had  found  the  town  of 
Marathon,  the  cavern  of  Pan,  and  the 
fountain  of  Macaria,  mentioned  by  Pan- 
sanias,  though  the  town  and  the  fountain, 
and  perhaps  also  the  cavern,  are  to  be 
sought  for  elsewhere. 

"  That  part  of  the  plain  of  Marathon 
which  lies  to  the  south  of  the  gorge  from 
which  the  torrent  issues,  seems  always  to 
have  been  the  most  important.  The 
level  ground  becomes  here  considerably 
broader,  and  intrudes  itself  into  the 
counter- fort  of  Mount  Pentelicus,  called 
Aphorism6s.  In  the  vaUey  thus  formed, 
close  to  the  precipices  which  border  the 
plain,  over  the  southern  part  of  which  it 
possesses  a  commanding  view,  is  situated 
the  Monastery  of  Vrand  Numerous  re- 
mains point  this  out  as  the  site  of  an  an- 
cient town.  The  spot  seems  admirably 
chosen  for  the  barbarous  capital  of  a  little 
state ;  for  on  one  side  it  commands  the 
richest  part  of  the  Marathonian  plain, 
and  on  the  other  it  communicates  imme- 
diately with  one  of  the  best  wooded  and 
finest  hunting  districts  in  Attica.  Here 
then  Colonel  Leake  places  that  Marathon 
which  was  the  capital  of  one  of  the  twelve 
states  into  which  the  Attic  commonwealth 
was  divided,  previously  to  the  time  of 
Theseus. 

**  Not  very  far  from  the  centre  of  the 
southern  division  of  the  great  plain,  the 
dull  level  is  interrupted,  and  from  every 
part  the  eye  rests  on  *  a  heap  of  gathered 
ground,'  nearly  thirty  feet  in  elevation, 
with  a  base  of  about  six  hundred  feet  in 
circumference,  half  dug  open  by  specu- 


of  the  dogmas  contained  in  the  books 
termed  Hermetic,  it  appears  that  the 
Egyptians,  not  less  than  the  Chaldees, 
affected  to  determine  the  revolutions  and 
to  compute  the  duration  of  the  world  by 
cycles  ;  the  close  of  which  would  cor- 
respond with  a  grand  conjunction  of 
planets." 

This  theory  is  carried  out  by  the 
learned  author  at  greater  length  than 
we  have  space  to  abstract,  and  he 
applies  it  very  ingeniously  to  settle 
the  chronology  of  the  Egyptian  gods, 
demigods,  and  kings  ;  see  p.  356. 

On  the  Battle  of  Marathon.  By 
George  Finlay,  Esq. 

The  topography  of  the  fields  of  those 
battles  on  which  the  fate  of  nations 
has  turned,  must  ever  be  regarded  as 
a  most  interesting  branch  of  the  mi- 
nuter illustrations  of  history.  Local 
identity  has  an  irresistible  tendency 
to  verify  facts  to  the  imagination. 

The  following  graphic  sketch  of 
Marathon's  immortal  plain  will  in- 
terest our  readers. 

**The  battle  of  Marathon  was  fought 
in  autumn,  four  hundred  and  ninety 
years  before  the  Christian  era.  The  plain, 
which  was  the  scene  of  this  celebrated 
event,  extends  in  a  perfect  level  along  a 
fine  bay,  and  is  in  length  about  six  miles, 
and  in  breadth  never  less  than  about  one 
and  a  half. 

'*  Two  marshes  cover  the  ends  of  the 
plain  :  the  southern  is  not  very  large,  and 
is  almost  dry  at  the  conclusion  of  the 
great  heats;  but  the  northern,  which 
generally  covers  considerably  more  than 
a  square  mile,  offers  several  parts  which 
are  at  all  seasons  impassable.  Both, 
however,  leave  a  broad  firm  sandy  beach 
between  them  and  the  sea.  The  uninter- 
rupted flatness  of  the  plain  is  hardly  re- 
lieved by  a  straggling  tree,  and  an  amphi- 
theatre of  rocky  hills  and  rugged  moun- 
tains separates  it  from  the  rest  of  Attica, 
over  the  lower  ridges  of  which  some 
steep  and  difficult  paths  communicate 
with  the  districts  in  the  interior. 

•*  Near  the  centre  of  this  barrier,  now 
bare,  but  anciently  covered  with  olive 
trees  and  vineyards,  a  torrent  issues  from 
a  narrow  gorge,  and  passes  through  the 
plain  :  the  water  is  generally  lost,  even  in 
winter,  under  the  sand,  which  the  long 
level  has  allowed  to  accumulate  in  its 
course. 

*'  The  modern  village  of  Marath6na  is 
situated  about  a  mile  above  this  gorge. 


r4 


1840.]  Revikw. — Transactions  of  the  Roifal  Society  of  LUeratmre.     183 


lutor:)  in  antiquities,  and  cut  into  deep 
furrows  by  the  rain  of  more  than  two 
thousand  three  hundred  years.  Thus  tu- 
mulus is  tlie  monument  raised  over  the 
bodies  of  the  hundred  and  ninety-two 
Atlieniaii  citizens  who  fell  in  the  battle. 
It  is  called  the  Sor6s  (2o/>6ff),  *  the  word 
wliith,'  Colonel  Leake  observes,  'has 
probably  been  applied  to  it  by  the  people 
of  Attica  ever  since  its  erection." 

Of  the  pieces  of  flint  fouDd  in  this 
tumulus,  commonly  called  Persian 
arrow-heads,  we  have  the  following 
curious  note. 

"  The  pieces  of  flint  (or  obsidian,  for 
thtrc  appears  to  be  some  doubt  about  the 
txrtct  nature  of  the  substance),  artificially 
formed,  which  are  found  in  considerable 
(piantity    in    the   tumulus  at   Marathon, 
have   been  hitherto  universally  regarded 
as    Persian  arrow-heads,  and  have  been 
uM-d    as  an  argument  for  the   immense 
lunnbers  of  the  Persian  host,  as  it  was 
supposed  they  belonged  to  the  archers  oi 
tiic  Kthiopiau  legion.     Herodotus,  in  his 
enumeration    of  the   forces   of    Xerxes, 
mentions  that  the  Ethiopians  used  arrows 
pointed  with   stone  ;  but  this  would  not 
warrant  the  supposition  that   Ethiopian 
nrehers  were  present  in  the  expedition  of 
Datis.     Indeed,  had  the  Persians  at  Ma- 
rathon really    fancied    they  could   check 
the  assault  of  the  Athenian  hoplitea  by 
siiooting  such  bits  of  flint  at  them  as  are 
now  picked  up  in  the  tumulus,  there  must 
ha\e  been  a  strange  difference  between 
the  Asiatic  (ireeks  they  had  before  van- 
(piishcd,  and  the  Europeans  whom  they 
were  about  to  engage. 

■*  The  truth  seems  to  be.  that  these 
pieces  of  flint  were  mixed  with  the  soil 
when  it  was  heaped  up  by  the  soldiers  of 
Anstides.  Similar  flmts  are  often  found 
M-aitered  about  over  small  spaces  in  many 
parts  of  Attica,  and  indeed  in  all  Greece. 
The  author  found  some  pieces  curiously 
formed  on  the  site  of  Aftxone ;  he  has 
iiu-t  with  them  at  almost  every  ancient 
site  he  htm  visited  since  bis  attention  was 
directed  to  the  subject,  and  he  obtained 
some  tine  s})ecimens  in  the  island  of  San- 
torin. 

'*  Colonel  Leake  has  informed  him  they 
are  found  in  many  parts  of  the  world, 
particularly  in  Egy|)t  and  in  Ireland. 
An  accomplished  nobleman,  in  passing 
through  .Vthens,  told  him  that  they  exist 
in  ((reat  number  at  Elsdon  io  Northam- 
berlond,  and  that  the  finest  collection  of 
tliem  is  to  be  seen  in  the  museum  of  Co- 
pcnhiiKen,  amongst  the  Scandinavian  an- 
I  iipiities. 


'*  In  Greece  they  abound  near  ancient 
sites  where  no  accumulation  of  soil  has 
taken  place,  and  appear  to  be  parts  of  the 
weapons  and  instruments  of  domestic 
economy  used  by  the  inhabitants  of  the 
country  who  preceded  the  Hellenes  and 
Pelasgi.  This  flint,  or  obsidian,  has  not 
yet  been  discovered  in  its  native  posi- 
tion in  any  part  of  Greece,  though  the 
author  hss  lately  received  a  specimen/ 
resembling  common  flint,  from  the  island 
of  Amorgos.  The  weapons  or  instru- 
ments for  which  this  stone  was  employ- 
ed seem  similar  in  the  different  countries 
in  which  they  are  found,  but  the  exact 
material  of  which  they  are  composed 
varies." 

This  valuable  paper  is  followed  by 
another,  by  the  same  writer,  on  the 
Site  of  the  City  of  Aphidna  and  its 
Fortress,  celebrated  in  the  ancient 
traditions  of  Attica,  from  its  con- 
nexion with  the  adventures  of  Theseus 
and  Helen. 

*' Herodotus  and  Plutarch  both  relate, 
that  Theseus,  having  carried  off  Helen 
from   Lacedsmon   in  her  tender  years, 
concealed  her  at  Aphidna,  where  he  en- 
trusted her  to   the  care  of  his    friend 
Aphidnus.     When  her  brothers   Castor 
and  Pollux  invaded  Attica  in  search  of 
their  sister,   she  was  no    where   to  be 
found.     Some  unknown  cause  had  delay- 
ed their  expedition,  for,  at  the  time  of 
their  arrival   in  Attica,  they  found  that 
Theseus  had  departed  on  another  attempt 
to  carry  off  a  young  princess  for  his  friend 
Pirithous.  Tlus  attempt  failed,  Pirithous 
perished,  and  Theseus  became  a  prisoner 
in  the  hands  of  the  king  of  the  Molos- 
sians,  who  was  the  young  lady's  father. 
The  news  of  his  misfortune  had  thrown 
the  direction  of  public  aff^airs  at  Athens 
into  the  hands  of  his  political  opponents, 
who  aided  the  TyndaridsB  in  their  search 
for  Helen. 

'*  But  all  inquiries  were  vain,  until 
Dekelos,  an  inhabitant  of  Deceleia,  at 
length  revealed  to  them  that  Aphidna  was 
the  place  of  their  sister's  concealment. 
Aphidna,  however,  was  a  state  of  such 
power,  and  possessing  so  numerous  a 
force,  that  it  resisted  the  attack  of  Cas- 
tor and  Pollux,  though  assisted  by  nu- 
merous allies,  for  a  considerable  time. 
A  war  of  great  fame  in  the  heroic  histo- 
ry of  Greece  was  carried  on  in  its  terri- 
tory, yielding  in  celebrity  only  to  the 
wars  of  Troy  and  Thebes.  In  this  con- 
test, not  only  the  Tyndaridc,  with  the 
Lacedemonians  and  Athenians,  were  en- 
gaged, but  they  were  joined  also  by  troops 
from  Arcadia  and  Megara." 


184     Review. — Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature,    £Feb. 


The  ingenious  writer  proceeds  to 
shew,  that,  notwithstanding  the  alloy 
of  fable  pervading  these  traditions,  they 
preserved,  as  traditions  generally  do, 
several  important  historical  facts ; 
and  he  infers,  from  many  corrobo- 
tive  circumstances, 

"  that  Aphidna  was  situated  on  the 
lower  or  common  road  from  Athens  to 
Oropos  and  Tanagra.  Its  position  point> 
ed  it  out  as  a  central  point  of  retreat, 
whether  the  enemy  advanced  from  the 
frontier  or  landed  on  the  coast  to  the 
north  of  Rhamnus.  In  the  plain  below 
Kapandriti,  there  is  a  spot  remarkable  as 
the  point  of  union  of  several  roads. 
Those  from  Tanagra  by  Malakasa,  from 
Orop6  by  Marc6poulo,  from  K^Iamo  by 
Kapandriti,  and  from  Varndvato  Athens, 
all  unite  near  it,  and  here  the  road  to 
Marathon  falls  off.  Above  this  spot, 
from  the  banks  of  the  river  of  Marathon, 
which  is  here  a  perennial  stream,  an  iso- 
lated hill  rises  to  the  height  of  several 
hundred  feet.  On  its  summit  there  are 
remains  of  an  ancient  fortress,  and  traces 
of  habitation^  on  its  sides.  Like  other 
similar  hills  in  this  district,  it  is  called 
Kotr6ni.  The  distance  from  Athens  is 
about  sixteen  miles,  from  Marathon 
eight,  from  Deceleia  about  six,  and  from 
Oropos  about  thirteen. 

"  This  hill  is  beautifully  situated,  over- 
looking the  fine  undulated  and  well- 
wooded  country  through  which  the  river 
of  Marathon  flows.  It  presents  three 
sides  clothed  with  flue  VeUni  oaks  to- 
wards the  roads  leading  to  Athens,  Oro- 
pos, and  Marathon,  while  to  the  north- 
east it  is  connected  by  a  rocky  ridge  with 
the  arable  hills  of  Phelleus  around  the 
village  of  Kapandriti. 

"The  existing  remains  on  the  hill 
show  that  the  Acropolis  has  been  suc- 
ceeded by  a  fortified  hold  in  the  middle 
ages  ;  and  the  vestiges  of  modern  houses 
and  churches  prove  that,  even  to  a  late 
period,  it  must  have  possessed  a  consi« 
derable  population.  It  is  near  the  centre 
of  an  elevated  but  fertile  plain,  so  much 
intersected  by  low  wooded  hills,  advanc- 
ing from  the  mountains  around,  that  its 
extent  is  apparent  only  to  those  who 
traverse  it  in  different  directions.  It  ap- 
pears  to  have  escaped  the  attention  of 
travellers,  though  it  is  generally  crossed 
in  proceeding  from  Athens  to  Chnlcis, 
and  Sir  WilUam  Gell  notices  the  ascent 
from  it  *  amidst  magnificent  pines.*  '* 

On  the  Kotroni  Mr.  Finlav  states 
that  he  picked  up  a  number  of  those 
triangular   flints  which  are  found  in 
9 


the  Great  Tumulus  at  Marathon,  and 
that  he  has  been  informed  that  similar 
flints  are  used  in  Macedonia  and  part 
of  Thessaly  for  threshing  out  the 
grain  :  that  they  are  fastened  into  a 
wooden  frame,  in  which  a  weight  is 
placed,  and  the  machine  is  drawn 
over  the  grain.  This  rude  instrument 
is  called  doicaw,  a  name  which  is  also 
given  to  a  similar  instrument  in  ge- 
neral use  in  Greece,  in  which  in  the 
place  of  flints  there  are  iron  nails. 

This  paper  is  followed  by  one  on  the 
the  site  of  the  position  of  Oropo8,with 
its  Temple  of  Araphiaraos,  which  he 
thinks  was  at  Scala  on  the  sea  coast, 
and  fortifies  his  opinion  with  very 
cogent  reasons.  All  these  disserta- 
tions are  illustrated  with  clear  and 
elegant  maps. 

Thoughts  and  Conjectures  relative  to 
the  Book  and  History  of  Job,  By  the 
Rev,  Edw.  Davies,  M,A,  8fc.  8fc. 

The  writer  of  this  essay  very  suc- 
cessfully combats  the  opinion  of  War- 
burton,  that  the  Book  of  Job  is  an 
allegorical  poem  of  the  dramatic  kind, 
written  by  Ezra,  sometime  between 
the  return  of  the  Jews  from  the  cap- 
tivity of  Babylon,  and  their  final  es- 
tablishment in  their  own  country. 

Dr.  Orton,  a  Dissenting  divine,  con- 
tends that  the  Book  of  Job  was  writ- 
ten by  Ezekiel,  but  he 

"  invalidates  his  own  argument  by  the 
candid  admission  that  the  book  is  ex-- 
tremely  difficult  and  obscurcy  differing  so 
much  from  the  general  vocabulary  and 
idiom  of  Jewish  writers^  that  *  it  seems 
evidently  to  be  a  translation  from  some 
other  language.^ 

"  This  is  not  the  remark  of  a  single  indi- 
vidual. The  peculiar  difficulty  and  ob- 
scurity of  this  book  are  generally  admit- 
ted ;  and  some  learned  debates  have 
arisen  respecting  the  language  in  which 
it  was  first  written.  We  may  therefore 
safely  conclude,  that  neither  Moses,  Eze- 
kiel, nor  Ezra,  was  the  author.  Had  it 
been  originally  written  by  an  Israelite, 
between  the  age  of  Moses  and  that  of 
Ezekiel,  it  must  have  exhibited  the  same 
standard  of  language  as  the  other  sacred 
books  of  the  same  period.  Had  it  been 
translated  by  an  Israelite,  it  must  have 
been  accommodated  to  the  use  of  the  trans- 
lator's contemporaries.  At  any  rate,  the 
Hebrew  copy  must  have  accorded  with 
the  age  and  style  of  the  person  by  whom 


1 840.]    Rbtiew.— TransadionM  itf  the  Boyal  SociHy  of  Literature.     1 85 


it  was  published.  But  the  book  is  «&• 
knowledged  not  to  be  in  the  usual  style  of 
any  writer  of  the  Jewish  canon.  It  con- 
tains some  words  and  idioms  which  are 
found  only  in  the  Syriac  or  Chaldee, 
several  of  which  occur  only  in  the  Arabic, 
and  many  which  have  not  been  discover- 
ed elsewhere  in  any  language ;  but  all  of 
which  probably  pertained  to  the  language 
of  the  age  and  country  in  which  it  was 
first  written.  It  has  consequently  a  ve- 
nerable air  of  antiquity  throughout ;  and 
its  language  appears  to  have  been  obso- 
lete even  the  days  of  Moses.*' 

In  contrariety  to  the  hypothesis  of 
Warburton  and  OrtOD,  Mr.  Davies 
shev^rs,  by  a  series  of  Tery  reasonable 
and  convincing  deductions,  the  proba- 
bility of  the  truth  of  the  ancient  per- 
suasion and  tradition  of  the  Jews, 
"that  Moses  presented  this  book  to 
the  Israelites  whilst  they  sojourned  in 

the  ingenious  Essayist  proceeds 
further  to  identify  Job  with  Jobab,  the 
son  of  Zerah  of  Bozrah,  the  second  of 
a  series  of  eight  Kings  of  Edom,  eno- 
merated  by  Moses  in  the  36th  chapter 
of  Genesis.  These  observations  are 
concluded  with  a  valuable  Bummary 
of  the  matter  contained  in  the  venera- 
ble and  important  book  of  Job.  On 
the  subject  of  religion  and  morality* 
he  shews  that  it  inculcates, 


«i 


A  belief  in  the  existence  of  omt  Eter- 
nal God,  the  maker  and  preserver  of  all 
things,  infinite  in  power  and  wisdom,  om- 
nipresent, yet  invisible,  unsearchable,  and 
exct*eding  human  comprehensioo,  sa- 
premely  just,  and  the  rewarder  of  every 
man  according  to  his  works,  operating 
rvery  where,  and  governing  the  world  by 
a  general  and  a  particular  providence; 
terribly  severe  in  punishing  the  obstinate 
sinner,  yet  gracious  and  good  to  the  pore 
in  heart,  and  merciful  to  the  truly  pe- 
nitent." 

It  affords  us  evidence  of  the  state  of 
sciences  and  arts  in  that  early  period 
of  the  world,  the  time  of  the  patriarch 
Abraham,  about  2000  years  before 
Christ— that  natural  history,  agricul- 
ture, metallurgy,  offensive  and  defen- 
sive armour,  weaving,  astronomy,  and 
writing,  were  not  unknown  or  disre- 
garded. 

"  The  followino^  passage  mentions  the 
vnrious  modes  of  writing  then  in  use: 
*  ( )h  that  my  words  were  now  written  I 
oh   that  they  were  printed  in  a  book ! 

Ge.nt.  Mao.  Vol.  Xlll. 


That  they  were  graven  with  an  iron  pen 
and  lead,  in  the  rock  for  ever ! '  chap, 
xix.  33,  24.  Here  three  kinds  of  writing 
are  distinguished :  1 .  with  a  pen  or  com- 
mon style ;  3.  printing  in  a  book ;  3. 
engraving  in  a  rock  or  tablet  of  stone  with 
an  iron  instrument,  and  perhaps  filling 
the  cavities  with  lesid. 

**  I  follow  the  English  translation. 
But  to  the  able  antiquary,  who  could 
duly  analyse  the  original,  and  compare  it 
with  the  usages  of  primitive  times,  of 
which  some  remains  are  found  in  the  east 
of  Asia,  this  passage  would  furnish  a  ou- 
rious  subject  of  discussion.  I  must  con- 
tent myself  with  the  conjecture,  that  by 
printing  in  a  book  Job  means  to  describe 
the  stamping  of  a  whole  inscription  in 
clay,  from  a  dye  carved  in  wood,  and  then 
burning  the  clay  into  brick.  This  con- 
jecture arises  from  the  acknowledged  an- 
tiquity of  sach  a  method  of  recording 
facts. 

*'  It  appears  from  Pliny,  that  bricks, 
stamped  in  this  manner,  were  amongst 
the  first  books  or  records  of  ancient  Ba- 
bylon, and  that  they  were  employed  in 
recording  subjects  winch  were  to  be 
tranemitted  to  remote  posterity.  The 
present  age  has  exhibited  specimens  of 
Babylonian  bricks  thus  inscribed.  Pliny 
cites  the  authority  of  Epigeaee,  a  very 
respectable  writer,  for  tlie  fact,  that  Um 
Babylonians  had  thus  recorded  their  as- 
tronomical observations  during  a  period 
of  720  years.  And  Porphyry  wrote,  that 
Callisthenes  sent  to  Aristotle  a  series  of 
astronomical  observations,  which  had 
been  found  at  Babylon,  for  190S  yetrt 
before  that  city  was  taken  by  Alexan- 
der." 

Reverting  to  the  main  topic  of  this 
instructive  Essay,  it  may  be  observed, 
that  the  reference  of  the  inspired 
writer,  Ezekiel,  to  Job,  as  a  real  cha- 
racter, is  alone,  in  our  opinion,  quite 
decisive  of  that  question  in  the  affir- 
mative. "  Though  these  three  men, 
Noah,  Daniel,  and  Job  were  in  it, 
they  should  deliver  but  their  own 
souls  by  their  righteousness,  saith  (ht 
Lord  God."  Is  it  possible  to  sup- 
pose, in  this  solemn  denunciation  from 
the  Almighty,  that  one  of  the  three 
personages  so  emphatically  mentioned^ 
was  altogether  imaginary  ? 

Two  notices  follow  by  Mr.  HamiU 
ton.  The  first  of  the  Remain*  ^f  a 
Temple  of  the  Corinthian  order  at 
Damascus,  which  is  the  only  knovrn 
monument  of  the  period  of  the  early 

2  B 


1 86      Re VI Ew. — Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature,     [P%bl 


Emperors  of  Rome  of  a  city  which 
Strabo  designates  as  ax^^^^  ^'  ^'^'~ 
^MxvcoTan/rcdv  ravrrj  Kctra  rh  Ilcpcruca — 
and  Julian  says,  that  it  was  ttjs  cc^as 
andoTjs  6<l>6cLkfA6s,  The  second  notice 
by  the  same  writer  relates  to  The 
ancient  Name  of  Egypt :  he  thinks 
that  the  accepted  meaning  of  the  affir- 
mation of  Herodotus  and  Aristotle, 
that  Thebes,  or  the  Thebaid,  was  called 
£gypt,  should  be  reversed.  Herodo- 
tus says,  TO  d*  cdv  ndkm  ai  Orj^cu  AtyvTr- 
T0£  eicaXccro.  Aristotle,  kol  to  ap\aihv  fj 
AtyuTTTos  Grj^ai  KaXovfi€u(u — on  which 
Mr,  Hamilton  observes  : — 

*<  I  am  inclined  to  think  we  shall,  on 
urther  examination,  find  reason  to  give  to 
the  two  passages  one  and  the  same  mean- 
ing, namely,  thai  Thebes  was  in  remote 
times  called  Egypt,     This  is  in  harmony 
with  the  context  both  of  the  historian 
and    the  philosopher.      The    former  is 
answering  the  arguments  of  certain  Ionian 
Greeks,  who  pretended  that  the  names 
of  Egypt  and  the  Egyptians  were  only 
applicable  to  the  Delta  at  the  embouchure 
of  the  Nile,  its  sea  coast,  and  its  inhabi- 
tants ;  and  if  that  was  the  case,  what  be- 
comes of  the  pretensions  in  the  mouths 
of  others,  that  the   Egyptians  were  the 
oldest  of  nations  ? — and  he  adds  his  con- 
viction, that  this  race  is  as  old  as  any 
other  upon  the  face  of  the  earth,   and 
that,  as  the  country  gradually  extended 
itself  northwards  by  the  accretions  caused 
by  the  Nile,  a  part  of  the  inhabitants  de- 
scended towards  Lower  Egypt,  a  part  re- 
maining in  the  upper  districts  ;  and  ac- 
cordingly  he    gives    us   the   passage  in 
question,    namely,  that  in  former  times 
Thebes  was  called   Egypt,  that  is,  that 
what  is  now  the  Thebaidf  was  formerly 
the  whole  of  Egypt. 

''Aristotle  is  adopting  the  same  line 
of  argument,  in  support  of  his  position 
respecting  the  gradual  extension  of  culti- 
vated and  inhabited  land,  along  with  the 
increase  of  alluvial  soil  deposited  by 
rivers ;  and  adds,  in  illustration  of  this 
opinion  Ka\  to  dp^alov  17  AtyvnTos 
O^/Soi  KoKoufifvcu  :  which  I  translate — 
*  in  former  times  Egypt  was  that  dis- 
trict, which  is  now  called  Thebes ; ' 
which  comes  to  the  same  thing  as  the 
words  used  by  Herodotus.'' 

The  volume  closes  with  some 
observations  "  On  the  Astronomical 
Ceiling  of  the  Memnonium  of  Thebes, 
by  the  Rev.  J.  Tomlinson."  It  appears 
that  the  Zodiacal  representations  con- 
nected with  the  dead,  to  be  fonnd  on 
Egyptian  monuments,  were  intended 


to  represent  the  descent  of  the  soul 
into  the  lower  region  by  way  of  the 
tropic  of  Cancer,  and   the  ascent  of 
the  soul  to  the  heavenly  world,  and  to 
the  abode  of  the  gods,  the  entrance  to 
which  was  by  the  tropic  of  Capricorn. 
The   arrangement  of  these  signs   is 
commonly  on  either  side  of  one  of  the 
Egyptian  divinities.      Of  this  a  fine 
example  is  shewn  in  plate  C.  being  a 
drawing  from  a  magnificent  mummy- 
case  in  the  British  Museum,  said  to 
be  the  sarcophagus  of  Har-Sont-Iot, 
a   priest  of  Ammon  at  Thebes.     In 
this  are  no  traces  of  the  Graeco- Egyp- 
tian style ;    but  the  same  accompani- 
ments are  found  on  sepulchral  chests 
of  that  period  in   Egypt.     The   im- 
portant fact  is  deducible  from  the  in- 
scription on  the  ceiling  at  the  Mem- 
nonium, that  the  rising  of  Sirius,  or 
Sothis,  the  dog-star,  took  place  on  the 
fourth  celestial  day.     Hence,  by  de- 
duction  from   astronomical   facts,    it 
appears  "that  this  monument  was 
intended   to  commemorate  the   great 
period  of  1461  years  called  canicular, 
from  its  having  commenced  at  the  he- 
liacal rising  of  the  dog-star.     Calling 
the  statements  of  Herodotus  to  his 
aid,  Mr.  Tomlinson  arrives  at  the  con- 
clusion, that  the  date  furnished  by  the 
inscription  on  the  Memnonium,  places 
the  reign  of  the  great  Egyptian  con- 
queror Scsostris,  about  the  middle  of 
the  fourteenth  century  before  Christ. 
The  dark  and  mysterious  indications 
of  the  original  records  of  Egypt  sti- 
mulate the  curiosity,  and   invite  the 
ingenuity  of  the  learned.     Mixed  up 
with  the  most  absurd  idolatries  that 
human    invention  could  devise,   they 
have  undergone,  in  a  great  measure, 
that  sentence  of  confusion  which  at- 
tended the  labourers  of  Babel.     Yet 
it    is    evident    that  Egypt    was  the 
nursing  mother  of   scientific   know- 
ledge,   and   the    study    of   antiqui- 
ties at  every  step  is  found  to  confirm 
the  authenticity  of  those  sacred  re- 
cords on  which  the  lapse  of  ages,  and 
the  extinction  of  the  most  refined  na- 
tions, their  arts,  sciences,  and  litera- 
'  ture,  shall  make  no  shadow  of  impres- 
sion. 

This  volume  of  critical  literary 
Transactions  is  highly  creditable  to 
the  national  Institution  from  which  it 
emanates. 


1840.]                                        Fine  Arts.  187 

ReliquitB  j^niiqua :   Scrapt  from  ^n*  ward  II.  are  also  exceedinglj  curioiu,  ai 

citnt  Manuicripttf   No.  III.   8vo. — The  exhibidng  old  morality :  for  example  : 

contents  of  this  part  are  certainly  not  less  Betere  were  a  ryche  mon 

curious  than   the  preceding,  whether  as  For  te  spouse  a  god  womon, 

exhibiting  the  progressive  changes  of  our  Thath  hue  be  sum  del  pore, 

lanii^uage,  or  as  developing  the  sentiments  Then  to  brynge  into  his  hous 

and  prejudices  of  our  forefathers,  cleric  and  A  proud  queue  ant  dangerous, 

hiy.     It  contains  several  specimens  of  the  That  is  sum  del  hore  ; 

nugtp  of  monastic  scholars,  as  the  Abbat  Moni  mon  for  land  wyveih  to  ihonde^ 

of  Gloucester's  feast,  in  Dog-Latin  of  the  Quoth  Uendyng. 

14th  century;  some  poems  in  mixed  Latin  About  three   dozen  ancient  saws  are 

and  English ;  and  the  amusing  macaronic  versified  in  this  very  amusing  way.     We 

verses  uf  the  schoolboys,  on  their  break-  would  remark  that,  in  the  poem  on  the 

ing-up,  perhaps  in  the  year  1500.     Two  Seven  Deadly  Sins,  p.  137,  .4cci(/ia  seems 

sermons  of  the  beginning  of  the  thirteenth  to  be  an  error  for  Desidia  ;  and  that  oc- 

century  form  a  very  valuable  example  of  casionally,   particularly   in   the  Norman 

the  semi  Saxon  of  that  day  :  we  give  this  French,  it  seems  as  if  a  few  explanatory 

brief  specimen :  *'  We  radeth  on  hoc  that  notes  would  be  very  acceptable  to  the 

clch  man  haveth  to  fere  [for  companion]  reader, 

on  angel  of  hevene  on  his  riht  half,  that  _^_ 

him  wisseth  and  munegeth  evere  to  don  The  Eglintoun  Towmamentt  and  Gen- 

god,  and  on  his  lifte  half  an  wereged  gost,  ilemen  unmoiked.    By   Peter  Bachin. — 

that  him  avre  tacheth  to  ufele,  and  that  is  This  little  work  is  written  in  the  lonn  of 

the  devel."     It  may  be  remarked  that  the  a  dialogue,  between  the  shades  of  King 

congregations  of  that  day  had  no  reason  James   V.    of  Scotland,   and    Sir  David 

to  complain  of  tediousness  in  the  preach-  Lindsay.     It  is  rather  a  strange  medleyof 

ers  ;  these  sermons  would  scarcely  take  gallant  thoughts, and  heroic  decisions.  The 

ten  minutes  in  delivery.     The  "  Proverbs  Eglintoun  Tournament  forms  only  a  small 

of  Hendyng,''  in  verse  of  the  time  of  Ed-  part  of  the  work,  but  it  is  well  described. 


FINE  ARTS. 

Drawing*  of  the  London  and  Birming-  horses,   with  one   of  the  operators  de- 

ham  Railway,  by  John  C.  Bourne,  with  an  scending,   affords  a  striking  idea  of  the 

hintorical and  detcriptive  account^  by  John  vastnessof  the  Tunnel  itself.  *'The  visible- 

Hritton,     F.S.A.      Folio. — This    volume  ness  of  the  ray  of  light  from  the  shaft," 

rontainn  a  series  of  thirty-seven  views  of  says  Mr.  Britton,  *'  is  occasioned  by  the 

portions  of  the  line  of  the  Birmingham  Rail-  opaqueness  and  humidity  of  the  atmos- 

way,  from  the  entrance  in  Euston  Grove  phere,  arising  from  the  want  of  ventila- 

to  its  termination.     They  are  executed  in  tion.'* 

lithography,   and  tinted;  and  it  is    but  Another, '' the  grand  ventilating  shaft" 
justice  to  say,  that  they  do  great  credit  conveys  an  equally  good  idea  of  the  ap- 
to  the  pencil  of  the  artist.    There  is  per-  pearance  of  this  vast  passage  diminishing 
haps,  no  object  less  picturesque,  or  to  in  the  distance  into  a  mere  speck. 
all  appearance    more  incapable  of   pro-  A  very  picturesque  plate  of  the  viaduct 
ducing  effect,  than  the   dull  strait  level  over  the  river  Blythe,  near  the  termina- 
of  a  rail -road ;  but  in  the  hands   of  Mr.  tion   of    the    railroad,  has  the   singular 
Houme,  the  subject  seems  to  have  lost  merit  of  displaying  on   opposite  sides  of 
iin](*h  of  its  untractable  character,  and  by  the  same  view,  a  comparison  between  the 
tl>e  skilful  use  of  accessories,  has  turned  ancient  and    modern    modes  of   bridge 
out  to  be  far  more  agreeable  than  at  first  building.     The  massive  piers,  further  se- 
flight  it  promised  to  have  been.  cured   by  buttresses  and  narrow  arches 
The  various  stages  of  the  undertaking  are  of  the  ancient  fort  bridge,  afford  a  cn- 
represented  from  the  excavation  and  em-  rious  contrast  to  the  great  altitude  and  ex- 
hankment,  to  the  complete  work.  In  some  tensive  span  with  the  slender  supports  of 
of  the  early  views,  the  scene  is  varied  by  the  modem  viaduct, 
the  bustle  and  life  displayed  by  the  hun-  The  historical  account  by  Mr.  Britton, 
dreds  of  workmen  engaged  in  their  dif-  contains  a  view  of  the  past  and  present 
fcrrnt  avocations.  modes  o{  travelling,  with  descriptive  no- 
Two   views  of  the  Kilsby  Tunnel  are  tices  of  the  various  objects  on  the  present 
interesting;    in    the   first   "a  working  line,  as  well  as  a  summary  of  the  oistory 
Mhaft,**    the    |K)werful     light    bursting  of  the  railway.    From  this  a  few  extracts 
through  the  aperture  in   the   roof,   and  will  be  interesting. 
shewing   the    group    of    workmen    and  The  required  capital  of  the  Companj* 


18S 


FhieArti. 


XF\rib. 


It  appears,  hai  greatly  exceeded  the  origi- 
nal estimates.  Mr.  Stephenson's  calcu- 
lation of  the  cost  of  tiie  undertakingi  (as 
published  by  the  Board  of  Management  in 
1832,)  amounted  to  3,400,456/.  By 
the  Act  of  Parliament  of  1833^  the  Direc- 
tors were  empowered  to  raise  2,500,000/. 
in  shares,  and  835,000/.  by  loan.  A  se- 
cond Act  in  1835,  enabled  them  to  raise 
a  further  sum  of  165,000/.  and  by  all  these 
means  the  capital  has  been  increased  in 
the  whole  to  the  sum  of  five  millions  and 
a  half.  The  increase  of  the  expenditure 
has  kept  equal  pace  with  the  capital. 

'*We  find  that  the  average  cost  per 
mile  has  been  not  less  that  50,000/.  where- 
as Mr.  Robert  Stephenson's  original  esti- 
mate was  at  the  rate  of  21,756/.  per 
mile.'* 

But  whilst  the  expense  of  the  railway  so 
am^ingly  exceeded  the  calculation  of  the 
engineer,  the  receipts  have  unfortunately 
fell  below  the  estimate. 

**  The  first  estimate  of  the  annual  in* 
come  expected  from  traffic  on  the  railway, 
was  671,102/.  and  in  the  revised  estimate 
of  Mr.  R.  Stephenson,  (1837)  it  was 
stated  at  1,285,965/." 

But  the  total  of  the  actual  income  for 
the  first  six  months  of  the  railway,  was 
195,864/.  48.  5d.  This,  however,  was  but 
a  low  amount  of  the  receipts,  as  in  June 
1839,  they  had  risen  to  as  much  as 
14,356/.  Ts,  in  a  week. 

Still,  considering  the  vast  excess  in  the 
expenditure,  the  shareholders  will  we 
fear  find  the  word  of  promise  held  out 
to  them  on  the  commencement  of  the 
undertaking  inevitably  broken  to  their 
hopes. 

The  purchasers,  however,  of  Mr. 
Bourne's  work,  will  not  experience  a  simi- 
lar disappointment ;  as  they  will  possess  a 
very  pleasing  series  of  views  well  calculated 
to  illustrate  the  subject,  and  which,  inde- 
pendently of  its  more  immediate  object, 
will  as  a  work  of  art  be  a  pleasing  orna- 
ment to  their  library  tables. 

PANORAMA  OF  VERSAILLES. 

Mr.  Burford  has  opened  a  Panorama  of 
Versailles,  in  all  the  glory  of  its  f^te  days. 
The  general  splendour  of  this  triumph  of 
French  art  and  artifice,  the  palace  itself,  the 
magnificent  terraces,  the  vast  basins  and 
fountains  and  jets-d'eau,  the  statues,  the 
orange  trees,  and  the  living  groups  of  gay 
Parisians,  make  up  a  picture  of  unusual 
attraction.  The  view  is  taken  from  the 
Parterre  d'Eau :  on  the  one  side,  therefore, 
is  the  gigantic  palace,  with  the  terrace  and 
its  fountains  and  flower-plots :  and  on  the 
other  the  spectator  looks  over  the  grand 
fountain  of  ^tona,  and  down  the  Tapis 
Vert  to  the  still  more  magnificent  fountain 


of  Apollo  and  the  Grand  Oua^,  The 
fiubjeet  is  sure  to  interest  tJuiee  who  luf t 
never  been  to  Versailles,  and  mai^  iodced 
who  have,  for  tome  of  these  fovntainapky 
but  on  rare  occasions.  The  nvmberlees 
troops  of  fashionable  or  wm^ekaUmi  pro- 
menaders  with  which  the  foregromid  is 
filled,  are  rich  in  character,  and  highly 
amusing  from  their  variety. 

HER  IfAJBSTT  AND  PRINCE  ALBBRT. 

Miniature  portraits  of  Her  Majesty  aaA 
Prince  Albert  of  Saxe-Cobourg-GoCha, 
painted  by  W.  C.  Ross,  A.R.A.  have  been 
on  view  at  Messrs.  Colnaghi  and  Puokle's, 
in  Cockspnr  Street.  They  are  beantifiil  and 
highly  finished  works.  That  of  the  QBeen 
is  a  half-length.  She  wears  the  Une  riband 
of  the  order  of  the  Garter,  but  no  crown, 
or  any  other  insignia  of  royalty.  The 
resemblance  is  very  striking,  the  featnres 
are  full  of  vivacity,  and  the  flesh  is  charm- 
ingly coloured.  The  portrait  of  Prince 
Albert  is  a  small  oval,  containing  merdy 
the  head  and  shoulders ;  but  the  expres- 
sion is  intelligent  and  pleasing.  Another 
portrait  of  Prince  Albert,  painted  by 
command  at  the  palace  of  Gotha,  by 
Greorge  Patten,  esq.  A.R.A.  has  been 
exhibited  by  Messrs.  Hodgson  and  Graves. 
It  will  be  engraved  in  the  finest  style  of 
mezzotinto  by  Mr.  Thomas  Lupton. 

An  Altar-piece  of  large  size  has  beem 
painted  by  Mr.  £.  F.  Pritchard,  of  Bria- 
tol,  for  St.  WoUos'  church,  Newport. 
The  subject  (which  is  well  conceived)  is 
the  preparation  for  the  Entombment  of 
Chnst ;  the  personages  represented,  be- 
sides the  Redeemer,  are  the  Virgin  and 
three  other  Maries,  St.  John,  and  Joseph 
of  Arimathea.  The  execution  is  highly 
creditable  to  Mr.  Pritchard,  a  native  of 
Bristol,  who  is  self-taught. 

We  are  glad  to  observe  that  that  de- 
sirable mode  of  fostering  the  Arts,  aa 
Art- Union,  is  about  to  be  adopted  la 
Bristol. 


The  whole  of  the  valuable  collection  of 
pictures  formed  at  great  cost  by  the  late 
Duke  of  Buckingham,  have  been  removed 
from  Avington  House  to  the  grand  gal- 
lery  at  Stowe.  Among  the  rarest  of  the 
collection  are  a  Portrait  of  the  unfortunate 
Marie  Antoinette,  Queen  of  FrancCi  and 
several  Rembrandts. 


A  fine  painting  of  the  Italian  School, 
which  has  lain  neglected  for  a  very  long 
time  in  an  obscure  room  in  Weymouth, 
has  been  brought  to  light.  A  thick  iiu 
crustation,  arising  from  many  years'  in- 
attention, having  been  carefully  removed. 


1840.] 


LUerurf  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


189 


its  beauties  are  now  ftdly  dcreloped.     It  fite  are  familjar  to  English  hbtory.    The 

is  said  to  be  an  originai  painting  by  Andrea  subject  is,  •*  Our  Lord's  Agony  in  the 

del  Sarto,  and  to  have  belonged  to  the  Garden,*'  from  Lnke  xni. 
ijlarl  of  Derwentwater,  whose  name  and 


LITERARY    AND  SCIENTIFIC    INTELLIGENCE. 


NEW   PUBLICATIONS. 

HUiory  and  Biogrcphy. 

Essay  on  the  Life  and  Institutions  of 
Offa,  King  of  Mercia,  A.D.  755—794.  A 
Greshara  Prize  Essay.  By  the  Rct. 
Henry  Mackenzie,  M.A,  8?o.  3t.  6rf. 

Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  England  during 
the  reigns  of  the  Stuarts.  By  J.  Heneaob 
Jesse.  2  vols.  8vo.  28t. 

The  Statesmen  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
England  ;  with  an  Introductory  Treatise 
on  Popular  Progress  in  English  History. 
By  John  Forster,  Esq.  of  the  Inner 
Temple.  5  vols.  fcp.  8vo.  30t.  (Cabinet 
C'yclopedia.) 

Correspondence  of  the  first  Earl  of 
Chatham,  vols.  3  and  4,  8vo.  36«. 

Life  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  em- 
bracing his  Military,  Civil,  and  PoUtical 
Career,  to  the  present  time.  Edited  by 
Sir  J.  E.  Alexander,  K.L.S.  Capt.  H.P. 
42nd  Koyal  Highlanders.  2  vols.  dvo.  28«. 

The  Life  and  Services  of  General  Lord 
Harris,  G.C.B.  during  his  Campaigns  in 
America,  the  West  Indies,  and  India.  By 
the  Ri^ht  Hon.  S.  R.  Lvshington,  Pri- 
vate SccreUry  to  Lord  Harris,  and  late 
(iovemor  of  Madras.  8vo.  13tf. 

Spain  under  Charles  1 1 .  Extracts  firom 
the  Hon.  A.  SUnhope's  Correspondence. 
8vo.  5«.  M, 

Poiitiet,  SfC. 

The  Ruins  of  Cities.  By  Charlbs 
BrcKE,  Author  of  **  The  Harmonies  and 
}!iuhlimities  of  Nature."  vols.  70  and  71. 
(Family  Library.) 

Politilysis,  an  Essay  on  Rerolntions, 
royal  Kvo.  2(U. 

Observations  on  the  Financial  Credit  of 
such  of  the  States  of  the  North  American 
Union  as  have  contracted  Public  Debts, 
«tc.     By  Alix.  Trotter,  Esq.  8vo.  15f. 

The  Cotton  Trade  of  India;  its  past 
and  present  Condition,  and  future  Pros- 
fwcts.  By  Major-Gen.  Brigos,  F.R.S. 
Ike.  Hvo.  3#. 

Chartism.  By  Thomas  Carlylb, 
Author  of  *'The  French  Revolution,  a 
History.*'  8vo.  5#. 

Vates,  or  the  Philosophy  of  Madness. 
Part  L  4to.  2«.  Sd, 

TraveiM  and  Topographff. 

Austria.  By  Peter  Evan  Tuek- 
Bt'LL,  Esq.  F.ILS.  F.S.A.  2  Tols.  8to. 


Bartlbtt's  American  Scenery.  2  vols. 
4to.  63f. 

An  Inquiry  into  the  Origin  of  the  An- 
tiquities of  America.  By  John  Dbla- 
pibld,  Jun.  With  an  Appendix,  and  a 
View  of  the  Causes  of  the  Superiority  of 
the  Men  of  the  Northern  over  those  of  the 
Southern  Hemisphere.  By  J.  Lakbt, 
M.D.  4to.  31f.  6<f. 

Loiterings  of TraveL  By  N.  P.  Willis, 
Esq.  3  vols,  post  8vo.  3l«.  6<f. 

Sam  Slick's  <<  Letter-Bag  of  the  Great 
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Glimpses  of  the  Old  World  ;  or  Excv- 
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of  Great  Britain.  By  the  Rev.  John  A. 
Clark,  Rector  of  St.  Andrew's,  Phila- 
delphia. 2  vols,  post  8vo.  14t. 

Visits  to  Remarkable  Places;  Old 
Halls,  Battle  Fields,  and  Scenes  illnstrm- 
tive  of  Striking  Passages  in  English  His- 
tory and  Poetry.  By  W.  Howitt,  8to, 
21«. 

Duthy's  Sketches  of  Hampshire,  royal 
8vo.  15«. 

Potiry. 

Gwyneddion  (Beaumaris  Eisteddfod) 
Prne  Poem,  &c.  By  W.  Jonbs.  Sto. 
7t.  6<f. 

NwtU. 

The  Spitfire  ;  a  Tale  of  the  Sea.  By 
Capt.  CHAMiBm.  3  vols,  poet  8to.  31t.  6a 

Marian,  or  a  Young  Maid's  Fortune* 
By  Mrs.  S.  C.  Hall.  3  vols.  postBvo* 
3U.  642. 

The  Monk  and  the  Married  Man.  3  toIb. 
post  8vo.  31s.  M, 

Diary  of  a  Nun.  2  vols  jpost  8to.  2I#. 

Innisfoyle  Abbey ;  a  Tale  of  Modem 
Times.  By  D.  I.  Moriarty,  Esq.  3 
vols.  12mo.  18«. 

The  Bilaiden  Monarch.  2  volt,  post  8to. 
14«. 

A  Legend  of  Cloth  Fbir,  and  other 
Tales.  Fcp.  8«.  6<f. 


Dhrimity, 

The  Manners  and  Trials  of  the  Primi- 
tive Christians.  By  the  Rev.  RoBsmr 
Jam IBSON,  Minister  of  Cnrrie.    Fcp.  8to. 

The  Life  and  Opinions  of  the  Rev.  W. 
Milne,  D.D.  Missionary  to  China,  with 
Annals  of  Asiatic  Missions.  By  Robert 
Philip.     Post  8vo.  7».  6</. 

Quakerism  Unmasked;    comprising  a 


19Q 


Literary  and.  Scientijie  InteUigemx. 


[F<4>. 


Glance  at  J.  Wilkinson's  ''  Quakerism 
Examined."    By  Amicus.  7«.  6d,  cloth. 

Faith  and  Practice;  Sermons,  by  the 
Rev.  S.  GoMPERTZ,  B.A.  Minister  of 
Chalford  Episcopal  Chapel,  Gloucester- 
shire. 12mo.  7«. 

A  Volume  of  Sermons  preached  in  Cri- 
tical Times.  By  the  Rev.  Edw.  Thomp- 
son, M.A.  6«.  Od, 

Treatise  on  Baptism  as  administered  in 
the  Church  of  England.     By  the  Rev.  E. 

BiCKERSTETH.  8V0.  bs. 

The  Mighty  Apocalyptic  Angel  now 
coming  down  from  Heaven ;  a  Sermon 
preached  at  Brompton  Chapel  on  Christ- 
mas Day  1839.  By  Richard  Wilson, 
D.D.  Svo.  If. 

Medicine. 

Ramadge  on  Asthma.  Svo.  8«. 
Observations    on   Medical  Education. 
By  R.  Jones.  8vo.  4«. 

Science. 

Beauty  of  the  Heavens,  104  coloured 
Scenes.    By  C.  F.  Blunt.  42*. 

The  Theory  of  Horticulture  ;  or,  an  Ex- 
position of  the  Physiological  Principles  on 
which  the  Operations  of  Gardening  are 
conducted.  By  J.  Lindley,  Ph.  D. 
F.R.S.,L.S.  &c.  8vo.12«. 

Classics. 

Hermesianactis  Fragmentum,  Notis  et 
Glossario  et  Versionibus  tum  Latinis  tum 
etiam  Anglicis  instruxit  Jacobus  Bailey, 
A.M.  Appendicis  loco  Archilo^hi  et  Pra- 
tinse  fragmenta  duo.  Accedit  Georgii 
Buroesii  Epistola  Critica.  8vo.  78.  bds. 

Preparing  for  Publication. 

The  History  and  Antiquities  of  Leath 
Ward  in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  and 
of  the  adjoining  Parishes  in  Westmorland  ; 
with  Biographical  Memoirs  of  Eminent 
Characters.  By  Samuel  Jefferson.  Svo. 
12«.  large  paper  21*. 

A  new  edition  of  the  History  of  the  Port 
and  Borough  of  Sunderland  ;  comprising 
much  additional  matter,— topographical, 
statistical,  biographical,  and  commercial. 
By  George  Garbutt,  Librarian  to  the 
Subscription  Library. 

The  History  of  the  Jews  during  the 
Middle  Ages  ;  Translated  from  the  French 
of  M.  Depping,  with  Additional  Notes 
and  Remarks  by  James  Murray 
Stevens.  Svo. 

Solitary  Moments  ;  Poems  on  various 
subjects  and  occasions.  By  Edward 
Ho  ARE,  late  of  Factory  Hill,  co.  Cork, 
Esq.  small  8vo.  6s.  6d. 


society  for  the  pubucatiom'  or 

ancient  welsh  MANU8CMPT8. 

The  Society  for  the  Publication  of 
Ancient  Welsh  Manuscripts,  founded  at 
Abergavenny  in  1837  (with  which  the 
Cymmrodorion  Society,  founded  in  Lon- 
don 1750,  is  now  acting  in  conjunction) 
has  in  the  press  that  vidnable  manuscript 
relating  to  Welsh  history,  called  lAyfr 
Handdfj  or  Liber  LandavensiSf  of  which 
a  transcript  has  been  made  from  the 
library  of  Jesus  college,  Oxford,  and 
collated  with  another  in  the  Hengwrt 
library.  Its  appearance  has  been  delayed 
by  the  lamented  decease  of  the  late  Rev. 
Professor  Rees,  B.D.  who  had  undertaken 
the  editorship ;  but  it  is  now  proceeding 
under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  W.  J.  Raes, 
M.A.  of  Cascob,  Radnorshire.  It  will 
be  accompanied  by  an  English  translation 
and  notes,  and  several  fac-similea  of 
ancient  MSS. 


CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY. 

Nov.  27.    A  grace  passed  the  Senate  : 

To  purchase  of  Count  Munster,  from 
the  W^oodwardian  Fund,  a  collection  of 
Geological  Specimens,  about  30,000  in 
number,  at  the  price  of  ;f  500. 

Dec.  30.  The  Rev.  W.  Hodge  Mill, 
D.D.  of  Trinity  College,  late  Principal 
of  the  Bishop's  College,  Calcutta,  was 
elected  Hulsean  Lecturer  for  the  ensuing 
year  ;  and  the  Hulsean  Prize  for  the  best 
dissertation  on  the  Evidences  of  the 
Christian  Religion  was  adjudged  to  Ar- 
thur Shelley  Eddis,  B.A.  Scholar  of 
Trinity  College. 

Non-isian  Prize  Essay. —The  subject 
for  the  present  year  is,  "  The  Holy 
Scriptures  contain  sufficiently  all  Doctrine 
required  of  necessity  for  eternal  Salvation 
through  faith  in  Jesus  Christ.^* 

The  Rev.  John  Brown,  M.A.  of  Aber- 
deen, has  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the 
President  and  Fellows  of  Queen's  college, 
a  prize  of  ten  guineas  to  be  awarded  to 
such  member  of  that  Society,  (who  is  not 
of  sufficient  standing  for  the  d^ree  of 
Master  of  Arts)  as  shall  write  the  best 
English  poem  on  the  approaching  Mar- 
riage of  her  Majesty. 


ROYAL  SOCIETY. 

Dec.  5.  Francis  Baily,  esq.  V.P.  in 
the  chair.  The  meeting  was  wholly  oc- 
cupied by  the  reading  of  the  minutes, 
including  the  Address  of  the  President 
at  the  Anniversary  meeting. 

Dec.  12.  Major  Sabine,  V.P.— G.  L. 
Roupell,  M.D.  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
the  Society. — The  following  papers  were 
read  :— 1 .  "  On  the  Nerves  of  the  Gravid 
Uterus,"  by  R.  Lee,  M.D. ;  2.  "  Obser- 


►    \ 


1840.] 


Antiquarian  Researchis, 


I9t 


vations  made  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
in  the  year  1838,  with  Bradley's  Zenith 
Sector,  for  the  verification  of  the  Ampli- 
tude of  the  Abb^  de  la  Caille's  Arc  of  the 
Meridian,''  by  T.  Madear,  esq. 

Dec.  19.     Major  Sabine  in  the  chair. 

ilenry  Drummond,  esq.  of  Albany 
Park,  Surrey,  was  elected  a  Fellow. 

A  paper  was  read,  entitled  **  An  Account 
of  Experiments  made  with  the  view  of  as- 
certaining  the  possibility  of  obtaining  a 
Spark  be/ore  the  Circuit  of  the  Voltaic 
Battery  is  completed,'*  by  J.  P.  Gassiot,  esq. 

Jan.  9.  J.  W.  Lubbock,  esq.  V.P. 
J.  Whatman,  jun.  esq.  was  elected  Fellow. 

A  paper  was  read,  on  the  construction 
and  use  of  Single  Achromatic  Eye- pieces, 
and  their  superiority  to  the  Double  Eye- 
))iece  of  Uuyghens;  by  the  Rev.  J.  B. 
Rt'ade,  M.A.  ;  and  the  communication 
was  received  of  Meteorological  Observa- 
tions made  between  Oct.  1837  and  April 
\H'M),  at  Alten,  in  Finmarken,  by  Mr.  J. 


H.  Thomas,  Chief  Mining  Agent  at  tha 
Alten  Copper-works. 

ROYAL  KENSINGTON  LITERARY  AMD 
SCIENTIFIC  INSTITUTION. 

The  Second  Division  of  Lectures  for 
the  present  season  have  been  arranged  a* 
follows  :  Feb.  4  and  1 1 ,  Southwood  Smith* 
M.D.  On  Organization  and  Life ;  Feb.  IH 
and  25,  and  March  3,  Edward  Taylor, 
esq.  Gresham  Prof,  of  Music,  On  English 
Vocal  Harmony ;  Mtrch  10,  James  Cop- 
land, M.D.  F.R.S.  On  the  influence  of  the 
Mental  Emotions  on  Health  ;  March  17, 
Dr.  Cantor,  On  the  comparative  state  of 
Education  in  Great  Britain  and  Germany ; 
March  24,  R.  J.  Pollock,  esq.  On  the 
Physiology  of  Speech  ;  March  31,  April 
7  and  14,  R.  Addams,  esq.  On  Frictional 
Electricity  ;  April  28,  May  5  and  12,  T. 
Rymer  Jones,  esq.  On  Natural  History — 
Fishes,  Reptiles,  and  Serpents. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 

Jan.  i).     W.  R.  Hamilton,  esq.  V.P. 

Robert  Porrett,  esq.  of  the  Tower  of 
I^ondon,  Deputy  Storekeeper  of  her 
Majesty's  Ordnance,  was  elected  a  Fellow 
of  the  Society,  and  Mons.  P.  Gnizot, 
(irand  Officer  of  the  Legion  of  Honour, 
and  a  Member  of  the  Chamber  of  Depu- 
ties of  Prance,  was  elected  a  Foreign 
Member. 

The  reading  was  commenced  of  a  paper 
by  Mr.  Archbold,  "  On  some  ancient 
Guns  and  Ammunition  found  baried  in 
the  saud  and  clay  on  the  western  shore  of 
the  island  of  Walney,  Lancashire,"  a 
discovery  of  which  some  account  was 
given  in  our  last  number,  p.  78. 

Jan,  Hi.     W.  R.  Hamilton,  esq.  V.P. 

James  Annesley,  esq.  late  Surgeon  of 
the  General  Hospital  at  Madras,  was 
elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Society. 

Sir  Hilgrove  Tunier,  F.S.A.  presented 
two  drawings  of  cromlechs  in  Jersey. 

Mr.  Archbold's  paper  was  conclnded. 

Jan.  2.).     H.  Hallam,  esa.  V.P. 

Francis  Worship,  esq.  F.S.A.  commu- 
nicated two  letters  from  Queen  Elixaheth 
to  Dr.  Dale,  her  Ambassador  in  France, 
relating  princii>ally  to  the  overture  of 
marriage  then  addressed  to  her  by  the 
Due  d'Alen9on  ;  dated  respectively  on 
the  17th  July  1573,  and  the  1st  of  Feb. 
following.  The  latter  is  very  curious  in 
some  particulars,  especially  a  part  re- 
lating to  the  discontent  that  it  was  pre- 
sumed might  arise  on  the  Queen's  part 
on  the  view  of  her  suitor's  portraiture ; 
nnd  the  discussion,  pro  et  cwi,  whether 


the  Duke  should  be  allowed  to  visit  Eng- 
land incognito f  **  in  some  disguised  sort  ;** 
if  he  did,  he  was  to  come  in  the  train  of 
some  less  conspicuous  person  than  the 
Due  de  Montmorend.  The  Prince  (then 
Due  d'Anjou)  is  commonly  said  to  have 
paid  a  visit  of  this  kind  to  the  English 
court  in  1580,  the  year  before  he  passed 
a  three  months'  sojourn  there,  which  is 
fully  noticed  in  Nichols's  Progresses  of 
Queen  Elizabeth. 

The  first  portion  was  read  of  a  second 
letter  from  George  Godwin,  jun.  esq. 
F.R.S.  and  S.A.  containing  Notes  oa 
some  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Boildiiigs  of 
Lower  Normandy.  The  buildings  noticed 
were  the  cathedral  and  church  of  St. 
Croix,  at  St.  Loe,  and  the  aqueduct  at 
Coutances. 

The  Society  adjourned  (over  the  anni- 
versary of  King  Charles's  Martyrdom) 
to  the  Bth  of  February. 


ROMAN  BUILDINGS  IN  BOUTHWAmK. 

The  numerous  Roman  antiquities  which 
have  been  discovered  in  Southwark  suffi- 
ciently attest  its  occupation  by  that 
people ;  but  we  believe  that  there  is  no 
record  of  the  discovery  of  any  Roman 
buildings  in  the  Borough  until  now.  The 
Governors  of  St.  Thomas's  Hospital 
having  determined  to  proceed  with  the 
rebuilding  of  that  edifice  (the  north  wing 
of  which  has  been  lately  rebuilt),  hare 
pulled  down  the  south  wing  of  the  outer 
or  western  quadrangle,  and  on  clearing 
the  ground  for  the  foundation  of  the  ntm 
building,    a   Roman    pafement    of  the 


192 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


{Feb. 


commoil  red  tessene,  snrroimded  by  walls 
of  flint  and  rabble,  with  couraes  of  Roman 
tiles,  has  been  discoyered,  at  a  depth  of 
twenty  feet  from  the  letel  of  the  High 
Street.  The  pavement  measured  about 
SO  feet  by  12 ;  the  tessenc  were  embedded 
on  concrete,  about  6  inches  thick,  under 
which  was  a  layer  of  chips  of  stone.  On 
remoTing  the  foundations  of  the  walls 
they  were  found  to  rest  on  piles,  the  soil 
being  sand.  When  we  saw  these  remains 
great  part  of  what  was  originally  disco- 
Tered  had  been  destroyed ;  but  we  were 
informed  that  on  the  north  side  there 
were  the  jambs  of  a  doorway,  and  on  the 
west  side  a  continuation  of  the  buildings. 
Some  of  the  tiles  in  the  walls  were  red, 
and  some  of  a  bright  yellow.  Mr.  Field, 
the  architect,  we  are  informed,  is  in  pos- 
session of  an  earthenware  lamp,  which 
was  discovered  here.  We  look  forward 
to  a  fuller  account  of  these  remains  being 
given  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  by  its 
zealous  and  intelligent  member,  Mr.  C. 
R.  Smith. 

Not  far  from  this  spot,  viz.  in  St. 
Saviour's  churchyard,  partly  on  the  site 
of  St.  Saviour's  Grammar  School,  and 
partly  under  an  adjoining  house,  there  is 
a  tesselated  pavement  of  a  handsome 
pattern ;  and  in  the  churchyard,  nearly 
opposite  to  the  school,  we  have  seen  a 
the  bottom  of  a  grave  a  narrow  Roman 
pavement,  of  the  common  red  tessem, 
running  from  north-east  to  south-west, 
apparently  a  footpath. 

ROMAN    ANTIQUITIES    OF   CIRBNCBSTER. 

A  man,  named  White,  lately  digging  a 
pit  in  his  garden  in  search  of  gravel,  on  the 
west  side  of  Gloucester- street  (formerly 
St.  Lawrence-street)  in  Cirencester^  dis- 
covered at  a  depth  of  five  or  six  jfeet  a 
perfect  human  skeleton,  apparently  that 
of  a  grown-up  young  woman,  lying  hori- 
zontally with  its  head  towards  the  east. 
The  scull  was  turned  upon  the  right 
shoulder,  and  two  nails,  about  two  or 
three  inches  in  length,  were  found  driven 
into  the  place  of  the  left  ear.  The  teeth 
appeared  perfect  and  complete.  Many 
fragments  of  urns  and  other  articles 
undoubtedly  Roman,  including  coins, 
were  discovered  at  the  same  time.  The 
roots  of  a  yew-tree,  planted  forty 
years  ago  near  this  spot,  had  extended 
over  the  skeleton.  Some  of  the  pottery 
bears  very  distinct  ornamental  patterns. 
A  number  of  Roman  coins  were  found  in 
the  commencement  of  the  cutting  of  the 
Cheltenham  and  Great  Western  Union 
Railway  some  time  since,  to  the  south  of 
the  town,  and  few  places  are  more  inte- 
resting to  the  antiquary  than  this  ancient 
and  important  station  of  the  Romans. 


10 


RUINS  AT  VC9PA. 

A  recent  discovery  of  muck  iaqfiortence 
has  been  made  by  Monsq^ore  Cttidllo 
Amid,  Apostolic  Delegate  at  Spoleto. 
The  Delegate,  in  one  of  his  last  ^^ts  to 
the  Governor  of  Norcia,  ascended  to  the 
top  of  a  high  mountain,  six  miles  distant 
from  Norcia,  and  under  which  is  the 
village  of  Biselli.  The  hills  are  called 
the  hills  of  Biselli.  In  his  researches 
the  learned  prelate  discovered  that  there 
was  a  place  called  by  the  people  Vespa, 
and  immediately  conceived  a  hox>e  that 
some  traces  might  still  be  found  of  the 
splendour  of  the  Vespasian  family,  as 
related  by  Suetonius  in  the  following 
passage :  '^  Locus  etiam  nunc  ad  seztaiR 
milliarium  a  Nursia  Spoletium  enntibiis 
in  monte  summo,  appellatur  Vespasic 
nbi  Vespasiorum  complura  monume&ta 
extant,  magnum  indicium  splendoma 
familise  ac  vetustatis."  Lib.  8,  cap.  1. 
In  a  small  house  on  the  point  of  land  mow 
called  Vespa,  he  discovered  a  double  row 
of  stairs,  all  of  white  marble,  and  on  the 
right  of  the  stairs  an  arch,  supported  by 
pilasters  of  el^;ant  architecture.  Exca- 
vations are  now  being  made,  under  strong 
hopes  of  fruitful  and  curious  discoveries  ; 
for  it  IS  very  probable,  from  the  remote 
situation  of  the  place,  that  the  sepulchral 
monuments  and  buildings  referred  to  by 
the  historian  may  have  esci^ed  the  de- 
vastation and  destruction  that  haro  to 
generally  awaited  ancient  works  of  art, 
when  more  exposed  and  accessible. 

GREEK    MONUMENT. 

The  British  Museum  has  recently  ac- 
quired, by  purchase  from  the  Rev.  Iliir« 
Arundale,  a  funeral  monument  executed 
in  Asia  Minor.  It  is  in  form  of  a  stoa, 
or  porch,  and  represents  in  the  highest 
relief  a  youth  who  has  apparently  just 
issued  from  a  bath  :  he  is  naked,  staadiog 
with  his  peplon  gracefully  thrown  upon 
his  shoulder,  and  twisted  round  his  left 
arm.  In  his  right  hand  he  holds  a  xytrm, 
or  strigil,  and  in  his  other  some  object  of 
the  toilet.  On  the  upper  part  of  the  mo- 
nument is  inscribed  TPY*CN  EYTYXOY 
....«*  Tryphouj  the  *on  i^  Eutyekue  ** 
....  and  the  lacuna,  according  to  the 
ordinary  form  of  sepulchral  monoments, 
has  probably  contained  his  birth-plaee. 
The  name  of  Tryphon  is  famiUar  to 
archaeologists  during  the  epoch  of  the 
Seleucidse,  as  an  usurper  so  called  poe- 
sessed  the  S3rri8n  crown  for  three  yean 
after  the  death  of  Antiochus  the  Sixth. 
A  grammarian  of  Alexandria,  of  the  reign 
of  Augustus,  and  a  slave,  are  known  of 
the  same  name.  The  name  of  Eutychns 
also  appears  in  the  New  Testament.  The 
monument  in  question  does  not,  in  point 
of  style,  belong  to  the  excellent  character 


\ 


1840.] 


Parliamentary  Proceedings, 


193 


of  work  which  characterised  the  second  stained  and  corroded  with   exposure  to 

century  previous  to  the  Christian  era,  and  the  weather  ;  and  has,  to  all  appearance, 

more  probably  approaches  the  period   of  been  attached  by  iron  rivets,  or  stanchions, 

Augustus.     It  is  of  white  marble,    much  to  its  place  of  destination. — {Lit,  Gaz,J 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 
PROCEEDINGS  IN  PARLIAMENT. 


Jan.  16.  Her  Majesty  opened  the 
Parliament  in  person,  and  delivered  the 
following  most  gracious  Speech  : — 

"  My  Lor(Ut  and  Genilemeny 

**  Since  you  were  last  assembled  I  have 
declared  my  intention  of  allying  myself  in 
marriage  with  the  Prince  Albert  of  Saxe 
Coburg  and  Gotha.  I  humbly  implore 
that  the  divine  blessing  may  prosper  this 
union,  and  render  it  conducive  to  the  in. 
terests  of  my  people,  as  well  as  to  my  own 
domestic  happiness;  and  it  will  be  to  me 
a  source  of  the  most  lively  satisfaction  to 
tind  the  resolution  I  have  taken  approved 
by  my  Parliament.  The  constant  nroofs 
which  I  have  received  of  your  attachment 
to  my  person  and  family  persuade  mc 
that  you  will  enable  me  to  provide  for 
such  an  establishment  as  may  appear 
suitable  to  the  rank  of  the  Prince,  and 
the  dignity  of  the  Crown. 

*'  I  continue  to  receive  from  foreign 
powers  assurances  of  their  unabated  de- 
sire  to  maintain  with  me  the  most 
friendly  relatioub. 

"  I  rejoice  that  the  civil  war,  which 
had  so  lone:  disturbed  and  desolated  the 
Northern  Provinces  of  Spain,  has  been 
brou>;ht  to  an  end,  by  an  arrangement 
satisfactory  to  the  Spanish  goveniment 
and  to  the  people  of  those  provinces ;  and 
1  trust  that,  ere  long,  peace  and  tranquil, 
lity  will  l>c  re-established  throughout  the 
rciit  of  S|>ain. 

*'  The  affairs  of  the  levant  have  con. 
tinned  to  occupy  mv  most  anxious  atten- 
tion. The  concord  which  has  prcv'ailed 
amongst  the  five  powers  has  prevented  a 
renewal  of  hostilities  in  that  quarter,  and 
I  hope  that  the  same  unanimity  will 
bring  these  important  and  difficult  matters 
to  a  final  settlement,  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  uphold  the  integrity  and  independence 
of  the  Ottoman  Empire,  and  to  give  ad. 
ditional  security  to  the  peace  of  Europe. 

**  I  have  not  yet  been  enabled  to  rc- 
ettUblihh  m^'  diplomatic  reUtions  with  the 
Courtjof  Icheran;  but  communications 
which  I  have  lately  received  from  the 
i*orsian  government  inspire  mc  with  the 
confident  cx^ctation  that  the  differences 
which  occasion  a  suspension  of  those  re 
lations  will  soon  be  satisfactorily  ad- 
juitted. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


**  Events  have  happened  in  China 
which  have  occasioned  an  interruption  of 
the  commercial  intercourse  of  my  sub- 
jects with  that  country.  I  have  given 
and  shall  continue  to  give  the  most  se. 
rious  attention  to  a  matter  so  deeply  af- 
fecting the  interests  of  my  subjects  and 
the  dignity  of  my  CroviTi. 

"  I  have  great  satisfaction  in  acquaint- 
ing you  that  the  military  operations  under- 
taken by  the  Governor  General  of  India 
have  been  attended  with  complete  suc- 
cess ;  and  that  in  the  expedition  to  the 
westward  of  the  Indus  the  officers  and 
troops,  both  European  and  Native,  have 
displayed  the  most  distinguished  skill  and 
valour. 

**  I  have  directed  that  further  papers 
relating  to  the  affairs  of  Canada  should  be 
laid  before  you,  and  I  confide  to  your 
wisdom  this  important  subject. 

*^  I  recommend  to  your  early  attention 
the  state  of  the  Municipal  Corporations 
of  Ireland. 

**'  It  is  desirable  that  you  should  pro- 
secute those  measures  relating  to  the  Es- 
tablished Church  which  have  been  re- 
commended by  the  Ecclesiastical  Com- 
missioners of  England. 

•'  Gentlemen  qfthe  Route  of  Commonit 

"  I  have  directed  the  estimates  for  the 
services  of  the  year  to  be  laid  before  yoti. 
They  have  been  framed  with  every  atten- 
tion to  economy,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
with  a  due  regard  to  the  efficiency  of  those 
establishments  which  are  rendered  neces- 
sary  by  the  extent  and  circumstances  of 
the  Empire.  I  have  lost  no  time  in 
carrying  into  effect  the  intentions  of  Par. 
liament  by  the  reduction  of  the  duties  on 
Postage ;  and  I  trust  that  the  beneficial 
effects  of  this  measure  will  be  felt 
throughout  all  classes  of  the  community. 

*•  My  LordHand  Genilemeny 

"  I  learn  with  great  sorrow  that  the 
commercial  embnrrassments  which  have 
taken  place  in  this  and  other  countries 
are  subjecting  many  of  the  manufactur- 
ing districts  to  severe  distress.  I  have  to 
acquaint  you,  with  deep  concern,  that  the 
spirit  of  insubordination  has,  in  some 
parts  of  the  countrv,  broken  out  into 
open  violence,  which  was  speedily  re 

2C 


194 


Parliamentary  Proceedings. 


ItA. 


pressed  bj  the  firmness  and  energy  of  the 
magistrates,  and  by  the  steadiness  and 
good  conduct  of  my  troops.  I  confidently 
rely  upon  the  power  of  the  law,  upon 
your  loyalty  and  wisdom,  and  upon  the 
good  sense  and  right  feeling  of  my  people, 
for  the  maintenance  of  order,  the  protec- 
tion of  property,  and  the  promotion,  as 
far  as  they  can  be  promoted  by  human 
means,  of  the  true  interests  of  the  Em- 
pire." 

The  Duke  of  Somerset  moved  the 
Address  of  the  House  of  Peers,  and  Lord 
Sea/ord  seconded  it.  The  Duke  of  Wei' 
lington  moved  as  an  amendment  that  the 
word  *'  Protestant  *'  be  inserted  before 
the  word  *'  Prince,"  in  the  first  paragraph. 
Lord  Melbourne  said,  it  was  utterly 
unnecessary  and  superfluous.  It  is  re- 
quired by  the  Act  of  Settlement  that  he 
should  be  a  Protestant  The  Prince  was 
not  only  a  Protestant,  but  descended  from 
that  which  has  been  called  emphatically 
the  most  Protestant  family  in  Europe, 
for  he  was  descended  from  the  very 
Elector  whose  name  stood  first  in  the 
protest  signed  at  Spires  by  six  princes 
and  fourteen  cities,  against  the  decision 
of  the  Diet  of  Augsburg,  which  protest 
was  the  foundation  of  Protestantism,  and 
gave  it  its  name.^-The  Duke  of  Cam- 
bridge stated  that,  having  been  mu(!b 
on  the  continent,  and  having  had  oppor- 
tunities of  more  information  on  that 
subject  than  most  noble  lords,  he  could 
state,  and  he  had  the  highest  satisfaction 
in  doing  so,  that  the  Prince  whom  her 
Majesty  had  chosen  for  her  consort,  was 
a  young  man  who,  from  everything  he 
had  heard,  he  believed  would  very  greatly 
contribute  to  her  Majesty's  domestic  hap- 
piness, and  whose  conduct  was  in  every 
way  likely  to  render  him  popular  in  the 
country,  a  point  which  he  (the  Duke  of 
Cambridge)  considered  of  very  material 
importance. 

In  the  House  or  Commons  the  Hon. 
G.  H»  Cavendish  moved  the  Address, 
and  Sir  William  SomervUle  seconded 
it.  It  was  agreed  to  without  any  amend- 
ment  being  proposed. 


The  recent  verdict  obtained  against  the 
Printers  of  the  House,  in  the  action  of 
Stockdale  r.  Hansard,  was  taken  into 
consideration  even  before  the  Address  to 
her  Majesty.  After  a  long  debate, 
William  Evans  and  John  Wheelton,  es* 
quires.  Sheriff  of  Middlesex,  John  Joseph 
Stockdale,  Thomas  Burton  Howard, 
Thomas  France,  esq.  Under  Sheriff, 
James   fiurcbell,  esq.    Deputy    Under 


Sheriff,  and  William  Hemp,  bailiff,  were 
ordered  to  attend  the  House  the  nexl  dty. 

Jan,  17.  Lord  John  But9$ii  mofed 
*<  that  John  Joseph  Stockdale  has  been 
guilty  of  a  high  contempt,  and  a  breach  of 
the  privileges  of  this  House.*'  Mr.  LaWf 
as  an  amendment,  moved  his  discharge ; 
the  House  divided.  Ayes  249,  Noes  102, 
and  after  a  second  division.  Ayes  299, 
Noes  105,  Stockdale  was  committed  to 
the  custody  of  the  Serjeant-at-Arms. 

Jan.  20.  Lord  John  RwtieU  moved  a 
resolution  that  the  levy  of  the  ezecutioo 
for  646/.  on  the  property  of  Messrs.  Han- 
sard was  in  contempt  of  the  privileges  of 
the  House.  After  an  animated  discus- 
sion, which  lasted  some  time,  the  Resda- 
tion  WAS  carried  by  a  majority  of  205  to 
90.  Lord  John  Russell  then  moved  the 
following  Resolution,  '*  That  tbe  She- 
riffs be  ordered  to  refund  the  said  6M/. 
forthwith  to  Messrs.  Hansard,*  which  was 
carried  by  a  majority  of  197  to  85. 
Lord  John  then  moved,  **  That  the  She- 
riffs be  committed  to  the  custodv  of  the 
Serjeant-at-Arms.**  A  discussion  en- 
sued, which  was  eventuaUy  adjourned. 
On  the  following  day,  the  Sheriffs  pe- 
titioned the  House  to  be  discharged.  Mr. 
Fitzroy  Kelly  moved  that  the  Sfaerifis* 
Petition  be  taken  into  consideration. 
Lord  John  Russell  opposed  tbe  motion. 
On  a  division,  there  were  99  for  the  mo- 
tion, and  210  against  it.  Lord  John  then 
pressed  his  former  motion,  namely,  that 
tbe  Sheriffs  be  committed  to  the  custody 
of  the  Serjeant-at-Arms.  On  a  division, 
the  numbers  were  for  the  motion  195,  and 
94  against  it.  On  Wednesday  Mr. 
Howard,  Mr.  Stockdale's  attorney,  was 
called  to  the  bar,  and  examined  at  some 
length,  and,  on  expressing  his  regret,  was 
reprimanded  by  the  Speaker  and  ^* 
charged. 

Jan.  24.  The  Serjeant-at-Arms  ap- 
peared at  the  Bar  of  the  House ;  and 
stated  that  on  tbe  previous  evening  he  Imd 
been  served  with  a  writ  of  habeas  eorgms 
from  the  Court  of  the  Queen's  Bench, 
commanding  him  to  produce  in  Court 
the  bodies  of  the  Sheriffs  of  London  and 
Middlesex;  and  that,  in  answer,  he 
stated  that  he  conceived  it  to  be  his  duty 
to  submit  the  question  to  the  further  con- 
sideration of  the  House. — The  Attorney-' 
General  then  moved  that  the  Serjeant-at- 
Arms  be  directed  to  make  a  return  to  the 
said  Court,  that  he  holds  the  bodies  of 
the  Sheriffs  by  virtue  of  a  warrant  issued 
under  the  hands  of  the  Speaker  by  the 
authority  of  the  House  of  Commons,  for 
a  contempt  and  a  breach  of  the  Privi- 
leges of  that  House.  This  motioo  was 
carried  mthout  a  division. 


1840.] 


195 


FOREIGN  NEWS. 


INDIA. 


The  ceremony  of  laying  the  first  stone 
of  a  new  cathedral  at  Calcutta,  was  per- 
formed on  the  9th  October.  The  site  of 
the  proposed  building  is  on  the  plains  to 
the  south-eastward  of  the  fort,  about  two 
and  a  half  miles  from  St.  James's  Church, 
about  two  miles  from  the  present  cathe- 
dral,  the  old  church,  and  the  Scotch  kirk. 
It  is  to  be  in  the  form  of  a  cross, 
in  the  florid  Gothic  style  of  architec- 
ture, with  a  tall  and  handsome  spire. 
The  first  stone  was  laid  in  a  trench 
which  murks  the  intended  south  wall 
of  the  cathedral.  The  inscription,  to- 
gether with  specimens  of  the  currency 
of  the  presidency,  and  an  English  so- 
vereign, was  inclosed  in  a  bottle,  among 
dry  sand  intended  for  its  preservation.  It 
was  read  to  the  assembly  bv  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Pratt,  the  bishop's  chaplain,  and  was 
as  follows : — 

In  the  XRmc  of  the  Bh^»ed  and  Undivided 
Trinity.  The  First  Stime  of  a  Church,  to  be 
railed  and  known  by  the  name  of  St.  Paul's 
Cathkdral,  Calcutta,  and  desis^ned  for  the 
womhip  of  Almighty  (ioi),  accfiroini^  to  the 
(iortriiir  and  diitcipline  of  the  .Vpostolirai  Re- 
formed (liurrh  of  Kui^land  ami  Ireland,  was 
laid  b>  Danikl  Bi*4hop  of  Calcutta,  and  Mc- 
trorM>litan  of  India^  aAsistodby  thr  Arrhdoaron 
ana  (Jlergy,  and  in  the  prenenre  of  many  of 
the  di.Htinriiished  Grntr\'  of  Calcutta,  on  Tues- 
day, the  Hth  day  of  Octot>er,  in  the  year  of  our 
I^rd,  1K39,  and  in  the  ThinI  Year  of  the  reirn 
of  her  Most  Kxrellent  Majesty  Virtona, 
Queen  of  (ireat  Hritain  and  Ireland.— The  site 
Has  icrantiHl  by  the  Kitrht  Honourable  (jeori^ 
l»rd  Auckland,  (t.C.H.,  (iovemor-Gencral  of 
India,  and  the  Honourable  (Lionel  W.  Mori- 
«o:i,  C.H.f  the  Hon.  T.  C.  Kobt'rtson,  and  tlK* 
Hon.  W.  VV.  Bird,  Menil>er!i  of  the  Supreme 
C^iunrJI,  in  the  name  of  The  Honourable  the 
fcia^t  India  Company.— The  De.Mii^nM  ami  PlaiLS 
wen'  ilrawn  by  W.  N.  Kori»es,  Major  of  Kn- 
Kineent,  and  Ma.ster  of  the  Honourable  Com- 
pany*!! Mint ;  and  the  Building  ia  to  l>e  Krert- 
ed  (if  lion  i<«  pleaMHl  to  neniiit,)  under  the 
Sui)erintendenre  of  (%ilonei  1).  Maeleod,  Chief 
Fncine<T,  the  above-iiame<l  Major  Korl>e««.  and 
W.  R.  Fitxin'raUl,  (^ptain  of  Kngineen*  and 
Civil  Architt>rt. 

**  Exre|>l  the  l/>rd  build  the  house,  thi'ir  la- 
bour is  but  lost  that  build  it."— I'salm  rxxvii. 

"His  name  (.MkspiahN)  nhall  emlnre  for 
e\er  ;  hut  name  shall  be  rontiiiiied  as  loiisr  ax 
the  sun  ;  and  men  shall  1m*  bU*s.sed  in  Him  ; 
all  nations  stuill  rail  Him  blesseil.  Blessed  be 
the  Ijnnn  Otin,  the  (Jon  of  Ihrakl,  vho  only 
doeth  wondrous  thinirs.  And  blesiwMl  be  Ids 
K^lorious  name  for  ever;  and  let  the  wiude 
earth  be  ftlletl  with  hi*(  glor)* ;  Amen  and 
Amen.'*— INalin  Uxii.  17—19. 

At  the  December  meeting  of  the  So- 
ciety for  piomoting  Christian  Knowh  dge, 
the  Secretary  read  a  letter  from  the  Hi- 
shop  of  (yalcutta,  in  which  he  stated  his 
intention  to  build  a  cathedral  200  feet 
long,  tiO  feet  wide,  and  60  feet  high,  with 
u  noith  and  south  transept,  and  a  spire  at 


nearly  like  Norwich  Cathedral,  as  one 
220  feet  high  could  be  like  one  313  feet 
high.  He  intended  that  his  present  arch- 
deacon should  act  the  part  of  a  dean» 
whilst  four  native  clergymen  might  act  as 
prebendaries.  His  lordship  said — '*  / 
give  myself  altogether  t»o  lucks  (80,000/.), 
one  immediately,  the  other  probably  not 
till  after  my  deaths  I  shall  have  to  raise 
by  subscription  here  and  at  home  the  re- 
mainder." The  whole  expense,  includ- 
ing the  endowment,  is  estimated  at 
(iOjOOO/.  We  have  great  pleasure  in  add- 
ing, that  the  subscriptions  promised  in 
Calcutta  to  the  12th  of  October  were 
15,300/. ;  that  the  Christian  Knowledge 
Society  has  voted  a  grant  of  5,000/. ;  and 
the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel  has  promised  to  endow  a  preben- 
dal  staU,  which  is  equivalent  to  3,000/. 

CHINA. 

,  Two  very  violent  outrages  against  the 
English  have  been  committed  by  the 
Chinese  authorities.  In  an  affray  be- 
tween some  seamen  of  the  Volage  and  the 
Chinese,  one  of  the  latter  was  killed. 
C«pt.  Elliot  xvas  applied  to  by  Commis- 
sioner Lin  to  deliver  up  the  homicide. 
He  refused.  Measures  were  immedi- 
ately taken  to  expel  all  the  British  inha- 
bitants from  Macao.  The  injustice  of 
this  proceeding  was  aggravated  by  the 
adoption  of  every  species  of  seventy  in 
currying  it  into  effect.  The  second  out- 
rage x^-as  of  a  more  serious  character. 
Tlic  Black  Joke,  having  on  board  one  pas- 
senger, a  Mr.  Moss,  and  six  I^ascars,  was 
obliged  to  anchor  in  the  Lantaod  Passage, 
to  wait  for  the  tide.  Here  she  was  sur- 
prised bv  three  Mandarin  boats,  by  whose 
crews  she  was  boarded  ;  the  Lascars,  all 
but  one,  butchered ;  and  Mr.  Moss  shock- 
ingly mutilated.  These  proceedings  gave 
rise  to  further  measures  of  hostility.  On 
the  4th  Sept.  Captain  Elliot  came  from 
Hong  Kong  to  Macuo  in  his  cutter,  in 
(*ompany  with  the  schooner  Pearl,  to  ob- 
tain provisions  for  the  fleet.  The  Man. 
darins,  however,  on  board  the  war  junks 
opposi'd  their  embarkation,  when  Cap- 
tain Elliot  intimated  that  if  in  half  an 
hour  the  provisions  were  not  allowed  to 
)NiKS,  he  would  open  a  fire  upon  them. 
The  half  hour  passed,  and  the  gun  was 
iired.  Three  war  juuks  then  endeavoured 
to  put  to  sea,  but  were  compelled  by  a 
weiUdirccted  fire  of  the  cotter  and  the 
Peari  to  seek  shelter  under  the  walls' of 
Coloon  Fort.  About  six  o'clock,  the 
Volage  frigate  hove  in  sight,  and  the 
boat  of  Caft.  I>ougUu,  with  24  British 


196 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


[Feb. 


seamen,  attempted  to  board  the  junk,  but 
without  success.  Capt.  Douglas's  boat 
then  opened  a  fire  of  musketry,  by  which 
one  inferior  Mandarin  and  four  Chinese 
soldiers  were  killed,  and  seven  wounded. 
The  result,  however,  was,  that  the  pro- 
\asions  were  not  obtained,  and  that  the 
Chinese  junks  escaped.  As  a  matter  of 
course,  all  trade  is  at  an  end,  and  the 
Americans  are  taking  advantage  of  the 
present  state  of  affairs  to  further  their 
own  interests. 

CHIVA. 

Russia  has  declared  war  against  the 
Khan  of  Cbiva,  upon  which  the  Journal 


des  Debats  remarks :  "  While  the 
power  of  England  is  extending  more  and 
more  in  Central  Asia,  that  of  Russia  is 
descending  towards  the  same  regions, 
where  sooner  or  later  they  must  ulti- 
mately meet.  Russia  now  sepds  an  ex- 
pedition against  the  Khan  of  Chiva,  in 
Independent  Tartar^,  beyond  the  Caspian 
Sea.  The  declaration  of  war  published 
by  General  Berowsky,  the  commander  of 
the  expedition,  is  destined '  to  impress  the 
savage  hordes  of  Cbiva  with  respect  for 
the  Russian  name,  and  to  strengthen  in 
that  part  of  Asia  the  legitinute  influence 
which  Russia  has  a  right  to  possess.* " 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


Nov,  29.  A  fire  broke  out  at  Rvfford 
Hallf  Notts,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Scarborough.  His  Lordship  and  the 
whole  of  the  inmates  had  retired  to  rest. 
It  probably  originated  from  the  foulness 
of  some  of  the  flues.  Several  of  the 
rooms  were  completely  destroyed,  includ- 
ing the  library,  dining-room,  and  draw- 
ing-room, situated  in  the  front  of  the 
building,  with  the  furniture,  pictures, 
books,  &c.  The  loss  sustained  is  cstimat- 
ed  at  several  thousand  pounds. 

Dec.  9.  The  magnificent  steam-ship 
the  President  was  floated  out  from  the 
dock,  at  Messrs.  Curling  and  Young*s, 
ship-builders,  at  Limehouse.  The  com- 
parative dimensions  of  this  vessel  and  of 
the  British  Queen  are  thus: — 

Brit.Q.  Pres. 

Length  extreme    from    ft.  ft. 

figure-head  to  taffrail  275  248 

Ditto  on  upper  deck  . .   245  233 

Breadth  within  paddle- 
boxes    40  41 

Ditto  over  all 64  68 

Tonnage 2016  2366  tons. 

Power  of  Engines 500  600 horses. 

The  President,  it  will  be  seen,  is  the 
larger  vessel  so  far  as  regards  her  tonnage 
and  horse  power.  She  has  three  decks, 
is  built  of  oak,  with  fir  planking  and  has 
three  masts.  Her  upper  deck  is  flush 
from  the  bows  to  the  stem,  and  is  without 
a  poop. 

Dec,  22.  The  peaceable  town  of  Kan- 
furkf  CO.  Cork,  was  thrown  into  the 
greatest  state  of  excitement,  at  the  intel- 
ligence that  about  300  acres  of  Colonel 
Longfield's  bog,  at  Farrandoyle,  had  ad- 
vanced through  the  country  carrying  de- 
struction  in  its  course.  Occasionally  it 
moved  in  a  compact  body ;  sometimes,  on 
meeting  obstructions,  it  rose  in  angry 
surges  like  the  sea,  elevating  enormous 
pieces  of  bqgwood.    The  course  of  the 


Brogeen  stream  was  impeded,  as  the  bog 
got  into  the  valley,  and  the  water,  haTing 
become  considerably  swollen,  forced  on 
the  whole  mass  with  fearful  violence,  and 
dispersed  the  bog-stufi*  and  timber  to  a 
considerable  distance  up  the  acclivities. 
It  is  to  be  regretted  that  bog-dmber  to 
the  value  of  at  least  500/.  passed  into  the 
Blackwater,  and  that  no  less  than  1 ,200 
acres  of  meadow  and  pasture  land  have 
been  covered  to  an  average  of  ten  feet. 
The  first  movement  of  the  bog  was  ob- 
served by  Mr.  Robert  Swayne  of  Kan- 
turk,  who  was  shooting  on  it  at  the  time, 
and  narrowly  escaped  being  lost.  He 
saw  the  impetus  commence  in  the  centre. 
Fortunately,  however,  no  lives  were  lost. 
Dec.  24.  On  Christmas  eve,  about  six, 
the  residents  in  the  houses  along  the 
coast  between  Lyme  and  SttatoUf  co. 
Devon,  were  alarmed  by  a  convulsion  of 
the  earth,  attended  with  fearful  sounds. 
This  was  succeeded  by  reiterations  of  the 
phenomena,  and  it  was  soon  ascertained 
that  a  course  of  mischief  was  in  serious 
operation,  at  a  part  of  the  coast  cadled 
Gowlands.  The  convulsions  of  the  earth 
continued  at  various  intervals  from  the 
night  of  the  24th  to  Friday  evening  the 
27th,  and  withm  that  space  of  time  occa. 
sioned  the  prostration  and  subsidence  of 
buildings  of  various  descriptions,  and  the 
displacement  of  large  tracts  of  soil.  About 
sixty  or  seventy  acres  (it  may  be  more), 
parted  from  the  main  land,  and  advanced 
or  slid  towards  the  sea,  leaving  a  chasm 
of  great  depth  and  breadth.  The  sea- 
shore, which  lately  was  low  and  shelving, 
is  now  risen  up  in  a  mighty  ridffe  or 
break-water,  of  more  than  a  mile  in 
length,  and  of  considerable  height.  In- 
side  this  ridge  is  a  beautiful  pool,  of  some 
extent  and  depth,  with  a  naturally-formed 
entrance  for  boats  at  high  water.  In  the 
chasm  are  to  be  seen  fragments  similar  to 


1 840.] 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


197 


the  ruins  of  a  vast  building — pinnacles  and 
pillars,  round,  square,  and  angular,  some 
of  whose  summits  are  crowned  with  the 
turf  and  grass  of  the  ruined  land — 
also  trees,  which  lately  adorned  the  sides 
of  the  cliffs,  lying  with  their  roots  up- 
wards ;  and  the  numerous  cracks  visible 
in  the  bottom  of  .the  chasm  cannot  fail  to 
impress  the  spectator  with  an  awful 
thought  of  the  convulsions  with  which 
nature  produces  such  a  wonderful  altera- 
tion. The  chasm  is  somewhat  of  a  cir- 
cular form — the  edges  are  of  course  rug. 
ged.  A  singular  lofty  rock,  above  thirty 
feet  high,  known  by  the  name  of  "  the 
Priest,"  is  laid  prostrate.  Another  stand- 
ing on  the  sea-shore,  called  *'  the  Pinna- 
cle Rock,"  an  erect  pillar,  which  used  to 
be  visible  from  the  road  leading  to  Beer, 
is  now  hidden  by  the  great  ridge,  and  ap- 
pears  like  a  leaning  tower,  near  the  edge 
of  the  pool.  The  Breakwater  at  Ply- 
mouth sinks  into  nothing  when  compared 
with  the  vast  ridge  which  a  freak  of  na- 
ture has  produced  here  in  the  space  of  a 
few  hours.  The  sea  outside  the  ridge  is 
several  fathoms  deep,  and  has  a  sandy 
bottom,  which  before  was  rocky.  The 
clifis  on  the  coast  do  not  appear  to  have 
suffered  any  disruption,  all  the  mis- 
chief  being  inUnd.  A  huge  rock,  fifty 
feet  high,  appears  in  the  sea  off  Culver- 
hole,  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the 
fipot  where  the  principal  scene  of  mischief 
presents  itself.  Providentially  no  lives 
were  lost ;  and  ^Ir.  Chappel,  the  renter 
of  an  estate  called  OowUmds,  upon  which 
lour  of  the  destroyed  cottages  stood,  suc- 
ceeded in  saving  most  of  the  furniture  of 
the  poor  occupiers.  On  the  following 
morning  the  cottages  had  sunk  up  to  their 
roofs.  The  total  loss  of  property  is  esti- 
mated at  (jUUOt  Among  the  sufferers  is 
Mrs.  Inman,  of  Bishop's  Hull,  whose 
lo9s  is  estimated  at  upwards  of  2,(XX)iL 
Mr.  Hallett,  of  Axmouth,  and  Mrs. 
Dare,  also  suffered  heavily.  The  new 
road  from  Charmouth  to  Lyme  is  utterly 
destroyed. 

The  uniform  Penny  Pottage  com- 
menced  on  the  lOthof  January.  The 
number  of  letters  despatched  from  the 
metropolis  on  that  day  amounted  to 
112,UUU.  The  daily  average  for  Jan. 
1839,  was  about  30,000  only.  Of  this 
Urge  number  of  letters,  13,000  or  14,000 
only  were  unpaid.  The  number  brought 
into  Ijondon  by  the  rooming  mails  of 
Saturday,  was  nearly  80,000,  a  brge  por. 
tion  of  which,  as  all  from  Ireland  and 
Scotland,  and  the  remote  parts  of  Eng- 
land would,  of  course,  be  at  the  fourpenny 
rate.  The  number  has  subsequently  been 
much  less. 

By  a  minute  dated  the  26th  Dec.  the 


Lords  of  the  Treasury  reported  that  they 
had  received  more  than  2,600  communi- 
cations in  consequence  of  their  minute  of 
the  23d  of  August,  proposing  to  receive 
communications  from  the  public  with  re- 
ference to  the  Letter  Stamps  named  in 
the  Act  2  and  3  Vic.  cap.  52,  and  offer- 
ing certain  rewards  for  the  same.  Their 
Lordships  state  that  many  of  them  dis- 
play much  ingenuity,  and  are  highly  ta- 
tisfactory,  as  evincing  the  interest  taken 
by  men  of  science,  and  by  the  public  in 
general,  in  the  measures  in  progress. 
Upon  full  deliberation,  however,  their 
Lordships  do  not  think  it  will  be  advis- 
able to  adopt  any  one  of  the  specific  plans 
proposed,  without  modification  and  com- 
oination  with  other  arrangements;  and, 
therefore,  have  decided  not  to  give  the 
specific  sums  mentioned  in  their  minute 
of  23A  August,  but  have  selected  four 
communications  which  are  the  most  dis- 
tinguished either  for  originality  or  for 
completeness,  and  from  which  they 
have  derived  the  greatest  service,  and  de- 
cided to  award  the  sum  of  100/.  for  each. 
The  authors  of  these  four  communicatioiis 
are  as  follow,  the  names  being  arranged 
alphabetically,  viz. : — Messrs.  Bogaraus 
and  Coffin  (who  have  acted  together); 
Air.  Benjamin  Chiverton;  Mr.  Henry 
Cole ;  and  Mr.  Charles  Whiting. 

Their  Lordships,  upon  full  considera- 
tion, have  decided  to  require  that,  as  far 
as  practicable,  the  postage  of  letters  shidl 
be  pre-paid,  and  to  effect  such  pre-pay- 
ment  by  means  of  stamps.  Their  Lord- 
ships  are  of  opinion  that  the  convenience 
of  the  public  will  be  consulted,  more  es- 
pecially at  first,  by  issuing  stamps  of  vb- 
rious  kinds,  in  order  that  every  one  may 
select  that  description  of  stamp  which  is 
most  suitable  to  his  own  peculiar  drcum- 
stances ;  and  with  a  view  of  affording  an 
ample  choice,  their  Lordships  are  pleiised 
to  direct  that  the  following  stamps  be 
prepared :  ^ 

First,  Stamped  Covers.  The  stamp 
being  struck  on  pieces  of  paper  of  the 
size  of  half  a  sheet  of  4to.  letter  paper. 

Second. — Stamped  Envelopes.  The 
stamp  being  struck  on  pieces  of  paper  of 
a  lozenge  form,  of  which  the  stationers 
and  others  may  manufacture  envelopes. 

Third. — Adhesive  stamps,  or  stamps  on 
small  pieces  of  paper  with  a  glutinoiis 
wash  at  the  back,  which  may  be  attached 
to  letters  either  before  or  after  they  are 
written.     And 

Fourth. — Stamps  to  be  struck  on  pa- 
per of  any  description  which  the  pubUc 
may  send  to  the  Stamp -office  for  that 
purpose. 

The  paper  for  the  first,  second,  and 
third  kinds  of  stamps  to  be  peculiar  in  iu 


198 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


[Feb: 


watermark,  or  some  other  feature,  but  to 
be  supplied  to  Government  by  competi- 
tion. 

The  construction  of  the  stamps  is  ad- 
vancing with  all  speed.  In  the  stamp  for 
letter-paper,  and  the  adhesive  stamp,  a 
profile  of  the  Queen  is  the  principal  or- 
nament. The  letter-paper  stamp  is  being 
engraved  by  W.  Wyon,  R.A.,  medal- 
ist to  the  Mint.  Charles  Heath  is  engrav- 
ing the  drawing  taken  from  Wyon's  city 
medal,  by  H.  Corbould,  intended  for  the 
adhesive  stamp.  W.  Mulready,  R.A., 
has  furnished  the  design  for  the  cover  and 
envelope,  which  is  in  the  hands  of  John 
Thompson  for  engraving. 

The  new  system  is  found  to  be  very  ad- 
vantageous in  some  respects,  though,  it  is 
to  be  feared,  very  ruinous  to  the  revenue  : 
but  the  assimilation  of  the  scale  of  weight 
in  the  London  and  other  district  local  posts 
to  that  of  the  General  Post  letters  has  given 
much  dissatisfaction.  Its  effect  (by  which 
parties  are  required  to  pay4rf.,8i.,  i*.,  or 
16rf.,  where  they  formerly  paid  only  2d, 
or  3d.f  appears  directly  in  contradiction  to 
the  general  spirit  of  the  measure ;  and  its 
operation  in  London  is  to  throw  a  vast 
deal  of  business,  the  advantage  of  which 
formerly  accrued  to  the  revenue,  into  the 
hands  of  the  Parcels  Delivery  Companies. 


The  Special  Commission  for  the  trial 
of  the  Chartist  rebels  of  Newport  was 
opened  at  Monmouth  on  the  10th  of  De- 
cember, the  Judges  being  Lord  Chief 
Justice  Tindal,  Mr.  Baron  Parke, and  Mr. 
Justice  Williams.  The  luminous  charge 
of  the  Chief  Justice  to  the  Grand  Jury  ex- 
cited much  admiration. 

On  the  12th  the  CJrand  Jury  delivered 
by  their  foreman.  Lord  Granville  Somer- 
set, true  bills  against  John  Frost,  Charles 
Waters,  James  Aust,  William  Jones, 
John  Lovell,  Zephaniah  Williams,  J enkin 
Morgan,  Solomon  Britton,  Edmond  Ed- 
monds, Richard  Bciifield,  John  Rees, 
David  Jones,  George  Terner  ^otherwise 
Coles)  and  John  Rces,  for  hign  treason. 
In  order  to  comply  with  the  forms  cus- 
tomary in  trials  for  high  treason,  the  court 
was  then  adjourned  to  the  31st  of  Decem- 
ber. On  that  day  the  procc^ings  were 
resumed.  The  Attorney  and  Solicitor- 
General,  Serjeants  Ludlow  and  Talfourd, 
ifvith  Messrs.  Wightman  and  Talbot,  ap- 
peared for  the  Crown  ;  and  Sir  Frederick 
Pollock  with  Mr.  Kelly  and  Mr. 
Thomas  for  the  prisoner  Frost.  John 
Frost  was  put  to  the  bar.  The  whole 
of  the  day  was  occupied  in  challenging  the 
Jury.  On  Wednesday,  Mr.  Talbot 
opened  the  case  on  the  part  of  the 
Crown ;  and  the  Attorney- General  ad- 
dressed the  Court  and  Jury.  After 
which  Sir  Frederick  Pollock  objected  to 


the  calling  of  the  witnesses,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  list  of  them  not  having  been 
given  to  the  prisoner,  Frost,  agreeiuily  to 
the  terms  of  the  statute.  Mr.  Kelly  f<^- 
lowed  on  the  same  side,  and  the  Attorney- 
General  was  heard  in  reply.  The  Chief 
Justice  Tindal  decided  that  the  trial 
should  proceed,  and  the  opinion  of  the 
Judges  taken,  in  the  event  of  the  result 
of  the  trial  making  such  reference  neces- 
sary. On  the  third  day  the  evidence  was 
entered  into ;  and  on  the  eighth  day 
Jon.  8,)  after  the  most  patient  attention  of 
the  Court  and  the  Jury  to  the  laborious  and 
eloquent  addresses  of  the  Counsel,  and 
to  the  immense  mass  of  evidence  the 
learned  Chief  Justice  summed  up  in  a 
very  clear,  distinct,  able,  and  impartial  ad- 
dress to  the  Jury,  who  retired  for  half 
an  hour,  and  then  returned  a  verdict  of 
Guilty  against  Mr.  Frost,  with  a  strong 
recommendation  to  mercy. 

Zephaniah  Williams  was'then  placed  at 
the  bar.  His  trial  occupied  four  days : 
and  Mr.  Thomas  conducted  his  defenee. 
The  Jury  returned  a  verdict  of  Guilty, 
\vith  a  recommendation  to  mercy  as  be- 
fore. William  Jones,  watchmaker,  was 
put  to  the  bar.  Mr.  Richards  conducted 
the  prisoner's  case,  and  the  trial  was  con- 
cluded on  Wednesday  Jan,  16.  A  verdict 
of  guilty,  with  a  recommendation  to 
mercy,  was  also  returned  in  this  case. 

Charles  Walters,  Jenkins  Morgan, 
John  Rees,  Richard  Benfield,  and  John 
Lovell,  were  then  placed  at  the  bar ;  and 
having  been  allowed  to  withdraw  their 
plea  of  Not  Guilty,  they  then  pleaded 
Guilty.  Upon  them  also  sentence  of 
Death  was  passed,  the  Court  intimating 
that  they  will  l»e  transported  for  life. 
Four  were  discharged,  the  Attorney- Ge- 
neral declining  to  proceed  against  them. 
Two  forfeited  their  bail ;  and  nine,  hav- 
ing pleaded  Guilty  to  charges  of  conspi. 
racy  and  riot,  were  sentenced  to  terms  of 
imprisonment  not  exceeding  one  year. 

On  the  25th  .Tan.  the  objection  raised 
by  Sir  Frederick  Pollock  was  argued  be- 
fore the  liftecn  Judges  in  the  Court  of 
Exchequer;  when  the  Attorney-general, 
the  Solicitor-gcneral,  Mr.  Serjeant  Lud- 
low, and  Mr.  Serjeant  Talfourd,  ap- 
j)eared  as  Counsel  for  the  Crown ;  and 
Sir  F.  Pollock,  Mr.  F.  Kelly,  and  Sir 
AV.  Follett  for  the  prisoners.  The  ar- 
guments were  continued  on  Monday  the 
*27th,  and  I'uesday  the  28th,  when  the 
Judges  decided  against  th'*  objection  by  a 
majority  of  nine  to  six.— (fi'/onrfflrif,  Jan. 
29.) 

The  Chartists  in  various  parts  of  the 
country  appear  to  have  fixed  upon  Sunday 
Jan.  12,  for  further  outbreaks  both  in  die 
metropolis  and  in  the  country;  but  happily. 


V 


1840.] 


Promotions  and  Preferments. 


199 


by  the  preparations  of  the  government  and 
police,  their  machinations  were  frustrated. 
The   town  of  Dewibury,  in   Yorkshire, 
was  taken  possession  of  by  about  200  men, 
who   remained  about  three   hours,  dis- 
charging   fire    arras,    but  no   particular 
damage  was  done.     At  Sheffield  the  af- 
fair was  of  a  nauch  more  serious  complex- 
ion.    Information  was  received  that  the 
Chartii-ts  intended  to  fire  and  pillage  the 
town  on  Sunday  morning  at  two  o'clock. 
The  troops  and  constables  succeeded  in 
taking  seven  or  eight  of  the  ringleaders, 
but  not   before   one  poor  man  received 
14  slugs  in    his  back,  three  policemen 
wiTc  stabbed,  and  one  shot  in  the  head 
with  two  slugs.     An  immense  quantity 
of  firr  arms  of  all  descriptions,  ball  car- 
tridges, iron  bullets,  hand-grenades,  fire 
balls,  daggers,  pikes,  some   12  or  1  !•  feet 
long,  and  swords,  were  found,  together 
with  a  great  quantity  of  crowfeet  for  dis- 
abling  horses.     The  ringleaders  in  this 
savage   affair    have    been   committed    to 
York  Castle. 

On  the  evening  of  Tuesday  Jan.  14, 
communications  were  made  to  the  Home- 
office  that  an  insurrection  was  to  break  out 
in  the  nu'tropolis  in  the  course  of  that 
night  or  the  following  morning — the  sig- 
nal for  a  general  rising  to  be  the  setting 
on  fire  of  London  in  different  parts.  Or- 
ders were  forthwith  issued  to  the  several 
barnicks  and  to  the  Tower  to  have  the 
men  put  under  arms,  and  the  police  were 
ordered  to  be  on  the  alert.  A  very  nu- 
merous meeting  of  the  Chartists  was  held 
at  the  Trades'  Hall.  Abbey  Street, 
Bctbnal   Green ;  but  they  became  aware 


that  the   Government  was   prepared  for 
them.     On  Thursday  night  they  assem- 
bled again,   and  the    room,   capable    of 
holding  about  700,  was  crowded  to  excess. 
An  orator  named  Spurr  was  contending 
that  the  only  way  to  preserve  the  peace 
was  to  be  prepared  to  wage  war,  and  to 
bear  in  mind  the  words  of  a  celebrated 
person, — to  put  their  trust  in  God,  and 
keep  their  powder  dry, — when  a  body  of 
j)olice  appeared  at  the  door,  and  proceeded 
to  search  all  present  before  they  left  the 
room,  and  on  them,  as  well  as  on  the  floor, 
they  discovered  a  great  variety  of  daggers, 
knives,  sabres,  pistols  loaded  with  ball 
and    primed,     and     other     instruments. 
Twelve  persons  were  taken  to  the  sta- 
tion-house.    After  a  prolonged  investi- 
gation at  Bow  Street,  the  magistrates  dis- 
posed of  the  prisoners  on   Tuesday  the 
21  St.     Charles  Hodson  Neesom,  as  the 
chairman  of  the  two  meetings,  was  re- 
(}uired  to  find  sureties,  himself  in  5O01, 
and  two  responsible  householders,  each 
in  the  sum  of  2J0/.     Richard  Spurr  and 
Joseph    Williams,    (a  notorious  Chartist 
Imker  in   Brick-lane,)   were  directed  to 
find   bail,   themselves  in    100/.  and  two 
sureties  each  in  751.    Thomas  Rennard, 
Thomas  Hope, and  William  Wilkinswere 
required  to  find  sureties,  themselves  in 
100/.  and  two  housekeepers  in  the  sum 
of  jO/.  each ;  and  six  other  prisoners  were 
dischai^ed  on  their  recognisances  in  the 
sum  of  100/.  each.     The  six  first.named 
were  sent  to  Newgate  to  take  their  trials 
at  the  ensuing  session  of  the  Central  Cri- 
minal Court. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


I 


Gazkttf.  Promotions. 

/>«»r.  16.  Jaini's  AMhburnor  Wilson,  only  son 
of  tin-  lato  Jaiiu'5  Wilwm,  «f  (ireat  Boiton,  co. 
Uitir.  u:('nt.  and  grandson  of  Margaret,  }<istcr 
and  coheir  of  Jamr«t  Ashl>urner  of  Kendal, 
in|>ermaker,  to  take  the  names  of  Janie^t  Ash- 
hiirnrr  only.— Conjm.  V.  A.  liarlow.  R.N.  to 
acrept  the  rrosi*  of  St.  Fenlinando  of  the  first 
rlass,  conferretl  l»>  Her  Catholic  Majesty  for 
>er\  irei  from  June  183,5  to  May  1837. 

Ifrr.  23.  Henry  Pilkington,  IJarrister- 
nt-I<aw,  to  \h:  an  a^^i^tant   Tithe   Conimia- 

MOIHT. 

/Vr.  31.  17th  Draxcjon!*,  Major  .M.  (\  1).  8t. 
Qiirntin  in  t)e  lJeut.-(  ohinel;  brevet  Major 
.fohn  Ijiwren.Hon  to  be  .Mi^^r. — Cold.««treani 
(iuard.t,  Col.  >V.  L.  Walton  to  be  Lieut.-Col. ; 
brevet  Col.  (Jeo.  Bowle«  to  \te  Major ;  Lieut, 
and  Opt.  the  Hon.  Arthur  I  ptou  to  be  Capt* 
«n<l  fjeut.. Col.— 50th  Foot,  Cen.  Sir  Ueo.  T. 
Walker.  Bart.  (J.C.B.  to  Ik*  (>)I.— 52nd  Foot, 
l.ient.-Cten.  Sir  Thomaii  Arbuthnot.  K.C.B. 
tu  be  Col. 99Cb  Foot,  Major-Gen.  Sir  Hugh 


Cough,  K.C.B.  to  l)e  Colonel.— Kifle  Brinde^ 

Cant,  (jcorge  Buller  to  be    Major. Unat- 

taehed,  Capt.  O.  C.  Mundy,  43d  Foot,  to  be 
Maior. 

Jan.  3.  George  Earl  of  Clarendon  sworn  of 
the  Pri\7  C/Ouncil. 

Jan.  7.  Lt.-Gen.  Sir  Lionel  Smith,  Bart. 
and  K.C.B.  to  \te  (tovemor  and  Commander* 
in-Chief  of  the  litland  of  Mauritius. 

Jan,  10.  The  Queen  has  l)een  pleased  to 
rouiititute  a  Board  of  Comroissionenv  for  super- 
intendinir  the  Male  and  settlement  of  waate 
landn  of  the  Crown  in  the  British  Colonies, 
an<l  the  ronveyanrc  of  Kmigrants  thither, 
niulrr  the  title  of  "The  (V>lonial  Land  and 
Kniii^ration  Board;**  and  to  appoint  'I'honias 
Kretlerirk  Klliot  and  Ri)bert  Torren.s,  tnqn. 
and  the  Hon.  Edw.  E.  Villlcm,  to  Im»  the  Com- 
niinsioners.— RolM>rt  Torrens^  an<l  T.  F.  Klliot, 
e.M<iri.  and  the  Hon.  E.  E.  Villiern,  to  be  also 
*'tne  Colonization  Cominitsioners  of  South 
Australia.** 

Jan,  10.    14th  Foot,  Capt.  James  Watson  to 


200 


Preferments  and  Sirths. 


[Feb. 


be  Miyor.^Unattached,  Capt.  L.  M.  Cooper, 
from  11th  Light  Dragoons,  to  be  Msgor. 

Jan.  15.  George  Lord  Kinnaird  sworn  of 
the  Privy  Council.— George  Earl  of  Clarendon 
sworn  Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal.— Sir  Wil- 
liam Trelawny,  Bart,  sworn  Lord  Lieutenant 
and  CustOB  Rotulorum  of  Cornwall. 

Jan.  15.  Thomas  Fitzherbert  Brockholes, 
of  Cloughton-haU.  esq.  to  be  Sheriff  of  the 
county  palatine  of  Lancaster. 

Jan.  17.  80th  Foot,  Capt.  Samuel  Lettsom 
to  be  Miyor. 

Jan.  21.  Major-Gen.  Sir  Willoughby  Cotton, 
K.C.B.  tobeG.C.B. 

Jan,  24.  Coldstream  Guards,  Lieut,  and 
Capt.  Frederick  Paget  to  be  Capt.  and  Lieut.- 
Col. — Scots*  Fusilier  Guards,  Lieut,  and  Capt. 
George  Moncrielfe  to  be  Capt.  and  Lieut. -Col. 


Lord  Stewart  de  Decies  is  appointed  Custos 
Rotulorum  of  the  county  of  waterford,  and 
Colonel  of  the  county  militia.— The  Hon.  James 
Howard  to  be  Private  Secretary  to  Lord  Mel- 
bourne, vice  the  Hon.  Spencer  Cowper. — The 
Hon.  P.  Bouverie  to  be  Precis  Writer  at  the 
Foreign  Office.— The  Hon.  Mr.  Spring  Rice  and 
Mr.  Mston  to  be  Clerks  in  the  Foreign  Office. 


Naval  Promotions  and  Appoint- 
ments. 

Coast  Blockade.— Commander  M'Hardy,  to  be 
Captain ;  Lieut.  George  Palmer,  to  be  Com- 
mander. 

Appointment*.— CKot.  W.  Broughton,  of  the 
Samarang,  and  Capt.  J.  Scott,  of  the  Presi- 
dent, have  exchanged  ships ;  Lt.  and  Comm. 
M.  Donellan,  to  the  Crescent.— Comm.  T. 
Anson,  to  the  Pylades.— Comm.  Pritchard, 
to  the  Blenheim. 


Members  returned  to  tnt  in  Parliament, 

iBwertev.— Sackville  Lane  Fox,  estj. 
Birmingham.— G.  F.  Muntz,  esq. 
Dft?a«/H)r/.— Henry  Tufnell,  esq. 
Edinburgh.— Kt.  Hon.  T.  B.  Macaulay,  re-el. 
Newark.— T.  W^ilde,  esq.  Sol. -gen.  re-ef. 
Penryn  and  Falmouth.— ^E^w.  John  Hutchins, 

esq. 
Southcark.—Bcnjtim'in  Wood,  esq. 


Ecclesiastical  Preferments. 

Dr.  James  Bowstead,  (Bishop  of  So<lor  and 

Man.)  to  be  Bishop  of  Lichfield. 
Rev.  H.  Pepys,  to  be  Bp.  of  Sodor  and  Man. 
Rev.   John  Rawes  to  be   a  Minor  Canon  of 

Bristol. 
Rev.  C.  A.  Arnold,  Langho  P.C.  I>anc. 
Rev.  J.  Barney,  Charlton- Adam  V.  Som. 
Rev.  —  Bayley,  Ackworth  R.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  T.  Berney,  lIockcrlng-wilh-Matti.shall- 

Bergh  R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  A.  Browne,  Alfane  V.  co.  Lisniore. 
Rev.  T.  B.  L.  Browne,  Flint  P.C. 
Rev.  L.  A.  Cliff,  Tliorn  Falcon  ItSom. 
Rev.  J.  Coghlan,  Bethnal  Grct'n  New  Church. 
Rev.  T.  B.  Conev,  Ihicklcchurch  V.  Glouc. 
Rev.  J.  Dodd,  Hampton  Poyle  R.  Oxon. 
Rev.  J.  Dovell,  Martinhoe  R.  Devon. 
Rev.  J.  W.  F^wards,  Baddeley  R.  Cheshire. 
Rev  —  Garrett,  Bruton  P.C.  Som. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Geldart,  Kirk  Ueizhton  R.  York. 
Rev.  J.  D.  Giles,  Skendleby  \  .  Line. 
Rev.  H.  Gubbins,  Clonelty  and  Clonnes:h  RR. 

CO.  Limerick. 
X   Rev.  W.  Gumev,  Lightcliffe  P.C.  York. 
'\Rev.  W.  S.  Hacfley,  Isle  Brewer's  V.  Som. 

5V.  A.  Hewlett,  Astley  P.C.  Lane. 
U 


Rev.  F.  Hildyard,  Swannington  with  Wood- 

dalling  R.  Morf. 
Rev.  J.  Hullett,  Upton  P.C.  Cheshire. 
Rev.  Josiah  James,  Dore  Abbey  R.  Heref. 
Rev.  F.  M.  KnoUis,  Congerstone  BL  Leic. 
Rev.  A.  W.  Langton,  Little  Fraimham  R.  Norf. 
Rev.  £.  S.  Lewis,  Southease  R.  Sussex. 
Rev.  T.  Massey,  Hatcliffe  R.  Line. 
Rev.  E.  Moore.  Whitchurch  R.  Oxon. 
Rev.  H.  I.  Nicholson,  Great  Paxton  V.  Hunts. 
Rev.  W.  Pigott,  Oakley  V.  Bucks. 
Rev.  E.  Rimell,  Marystow  V.  Devon. 
Rev.  J.  Rose,  Dowland  P.C.  Devon. 
Rev.  W.  Scott,  Christchurch,  Hoxton,  P.C. 

Middlesex. 
Rev.  —  Skrimsher,  St.  Andrew's,  Hertfoni  R. 
Rev.  T.  Stoneham,  Ketley  P.C.  Salop. 
Rev.  W.  Thorpe,  Wookey  V.  Som. 
Rev.  G.  T.  Turner,  Kettleborough  St.  Andrew 

R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  F.  P.  Walton,  Ainderby  V.  York. 
Rev.  P.  J.  Watherston,  Charlton  Horethorne 

V.  Somersetshire. 
Rev.  W.  M.  Williams,  Halkin  R.  Flint. 
Rev.  G.  Wray,  Leven  R.  York. 
Rev.  —  Wrightson,  Hemsworth  V.  York. 


Chaplains. 

Rev.  J.  distance  to  the  dow.  Lady  Snifield. 
Rev.  I).  Rowlands  to  the  Earl  of  Grosford. 
Rev.  W.  D.  Veitch  to  the  Marquis  of  Bute. 
Rev.  H.  W.  Wright  to  the  Northern  Asylam 

of  the  Blind  and  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  at 

Newcastle. 


Civil  Preferments. 

Wm.  Gurdon,  esq.  to  be  Recorder  of  Bary  St. 

Edmund's. 
Sir  George  Carroll,  Knt.  elected  an  Alderman 

of  London,  vice  Birch,  resigned. 
The  Rev.  Miles  Atkinson  to  be  Principal  of 

the  Gloucester  Training  and  Commercial 

School. 
Rev.  F.  N.  Highmore  to  be  Head  Master  of 

Buniley  Free  Grammar  School. 
Rev.  G.  T.  Terry,  Head  Master  of  Thornton 

Grammar  School. 
Rev.  J.  Dunningham,  Master  of  Colchester 

Grammar  School. 
Rev.  J.  Nalson,  Master  of  Rotherham  Gram- 
mar School. 
Rev.  C.  C.  Roberts,  to  be  fourth  Master  of  St. 

Paul's  School,  London. 


BIRTHS. 

Xor.  13.  The  wife  of  John  Booth,  esq.  of 
Glendon  Hall,  Northamptonshire,  a  uau. 

Dec.  A.  In  Upper  Grosvenor-st.  the  Wife  of  J. 

W.  Hogg,  esq.  M.P.  a  son. 20.  At  Lewknor 

vicarage,   I^ady  Caroline  Garnier,  a  son. 

At   Pickenham  Hall,  the  wife  of  W.  L.  "W. 

Cliutc,  esq.  M.P.  for  West  Norfolk,  a  son. 

21.  At  Clifton,  the  wife  of  S.  T.  Cuthbert,  esq. 

a  son  and  heir. 26.  At  Calke  abbey,  the 

lady  of  .Sir  G.  Crewe,  Bart,  a  dan. 

Latebj.     At    Naples,  the    Marchioness   of 

Sligo,  a*  dau. In  Dorset-square,  the  wife  of 

the  Hon.  Wm.  Stourton,  a  dau. At  TVema- 

ton-hall,  Cornwall,  the  wife  of  Capt.  J.  Jenris 

Tucker,  Royal  Navy^  a  dau. At  Rickmans- 

worth,  Herts,  the  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Bradlbrd, 

a  son. At  Capernway-hall,  Lancashire,  the 

wife  of  Geo.  Marton,  esq.  M.P.  a  son  and  heir. 

Jan.  1.    At  Bath,  the  lady  of  Sir  W.  S.  R. 

Cockburn,  Bart,  a  dau. ^The  wife  of  the 

Rev.  W.  J.  Brodrick,  Rector  of  Bath,  a  son. 
— 3.  In  Bclgrave-sq.  the  Hon.  Mrs.  SAonder* 


\ 


ISIO] 


Marriages, 


?oii,  a  son. At  tli<»  rerton-,  Yiwviltnn,  tin* 

\\\U'  «if'tlio  K«*v.  l{4't(iiiaM  ruli',  a  ilan.-  -  ."».  In 
l'urtlaii<l-)»l.  I^iily  'rciirninoiitli,  a  snii  nii«l  lii*ir. 

r».  At  K:i-t  llorslf\  ri>t-tor>,  tlir  lail\  of  tlif 
11)111.  and  Krv.  A.  r.  l*vnv\jil,a  S4)n.  '  'j.  At 
H.ironN  (.'onrt,  r«i.  Tyrinn*,  tin-  .Mnrrliinncss 
nr  AlMTiiirn,  a  «lau.-  '  -At  Aflon  lionsi',  1.  \V. 
till-  wilrof  li«>iij.  Cottuii,  «-si|.  n  son  ami  ht'ir. 

-II.  In  l>c\on*>|iirt>-pln(-i'  tin'  wilVof  l«:ilw. 

S'lliv  lyiwndi's.  csii.  a  son. 13.  At  Sliirlry, 

iirar  Sonthan)|itoi),tht'  wifforit.  \V.<ire«'iirirl(l, 
«••>•!.  a  son  and  ii:in.- — At  th«»  DowairiT  l«idy 
Aiundrll's,  tin'  Hon.  Mrs.  NiMvr,  n  dan.-  - 
17.  Ill  I  |»|MT  llarlty-st.  tlio  Ud>  A.  lU-vaii, 
a  *«on. 


aiakiua(;ks. 

Oft.  29.  At  Ulair  Driiiniiioiid,  I^ml  IJlon- 
Koii  to  Mi>s  lioiiit*  Druiiiiiiund. 

Snv.  \'i.  At  BliiMij,  Ijrut.  J.  I».  Major,  11th 
Inf.,  ltonilia>,  to  fcnlia,  y(niniir>"«t  dan.  of 
JaiiH's  Itnrnt  >,  «'s»j.  Montrosi*.  and  sister  of 
Ln-nt.-rol.  Sir  Alc\aiidrr  Riirnrs,  Krsidrnt  at 
Candaliar. 

•JI.  At  .'^t.  (J.-orp'N,  Haii.-s(|.  Wm.  J.  tVr- 
ir»is4in,  ,«»„j.  Hti*(>nd  son  of  tin*  Rev.  Dan.  F. 
KiTtor  of  Wajkiiiifttni,  iirar  ll<'verloy,  to  Ilar- 
rn-t  Fi»st<T,  younici-st  dau.  of  the  late  William 
HiMulry,  •■sii.  of  Mull. 

»1.  At  ll«.ssall,  York.  (Hiristoi.hiT  W.  C. 
Chavtor.  v^%\  of  .*<[M'nnitlionit>  Hall,  to  Ara- 
iM'lla-.Sopliia.  youiii^cr  dan.  »»f  Hfiiry  Darifv, 
•"••I.  of  AIdh)  Park. 

l.titfly.  At  Karnliain,  ^!anlUl>l,  SL><*ond  .son  of 
S.  IW-r^ji-r,  fs«|.  of  UpiM-r  IlonuTton,  to  Ann, 
uni\    dan.  of   tlii>  late  J.   Catlirart,    <>si|.    <»f 

<oinM  k,  <o.  Wisrtown. \t  li<>aniini?ton,  thf 

Kr\.  A.  \\.  (;n':rorv,  Vir.ir  of  (*orl«'\,  Warw. 
to  Louisa,  dan.  of  kt'\.  Dr.  KussrII,  Ki^'tor  of^ 

.XiiL^hlarliiT,    FiTinaiiai;li. At    Allliallows 

l>iinliard->«t.  Kri*«lfrirk,S4iiiof  Koli.  lfn>u:(liton» 
♦'M|.  of  till-  WandsHorth-ntad,  to  Kliza-.Mary, 
dan.  iif  Col.  \V.  M<Miri>,  anil  icran<l-dan.  «>f  the 
lati-  (irn.  Hartl\«irk(>,  of  ttif  l^xli^c.  South 
iMiiiilN-tli.  — \i  Calnitta,  lii-ojNthl  J.  H.  (jn>y, 
i»«i|.  ('i\d  Stvu'i*,  rld»'si  Mnrvi\inir  ''"ii  of  the 
l.iti-   Uinl  Itishoii  of  Hen'fonI,  to  Wdhrlmiiia, 

dan.  lit  till-  late  Nfattheu  IjOW, eNi|. .\t  lk*r- 

tiain|Nire,  \N  in.  Alexander,  cmj.  (.'ivil  .STVire, 
til  Mai\  (irey,  dan.  of  th*>  late  Hishop  of  Hen** 
fiinl.  -At  Tiinuito,  the  Krv.  John  .M'Caul, 
I.I..I).  rriiiri|»al  of  I' p|M.*r  Canada  rolle<r>',  late 
of    iMililin,    to  Kniily,  dau.  of    Mr.   Jn.^tice 

Joili'S. 

/>«■«-.  .1.  \t  lieilfont,  K.  H.  DouurIa<(,  rH«|.  to 
Mar\  St'lina.   dan.  of  (?apt.    K.  ljani:Mlow,  of 

Hattnii. .\t  .<l.  (Ji-finre's,  Hanover-H(|.    A. 

Ciillin-rridiri',  es<|.  H.C.S.,  to  Kliza,  youni^t 

dan.  iif  the  late  .V.  Lilley,  e!«|.  of  Cork. 

.\t  llarkway,  Herts,  Charlen  Day,  thii.  of  St. 
N'mt'-,  to  Caroline,  yonnxcst  dau.  of  Anthony 
Jarks«»n,  esii.-  -At  Chndlriirh,  H.  T.  Cla<-k, 
e-^i|.  of  .\r:;>ll-pl.  l/uidon,  ycMiniri'st  mou  of  the 
lie\.  T.  Clack,  Kii-tor  of  Milton  Dalnicn:, 
Ih'Miii.  to  Klizaheth,  only  dan.  of  C.  Ki'miall, 
•'••il.  -The  Kes.  S.  H.  Iturrows.  ohli'st  son 
•if  Ue\.S.  liiirrows,  Vii-ar  of  Hiii^hlry,  ."sihrn, 
to .Sirah- Maria,  eldest  ilaii.  of  tlie  Kcv.  J.  A. 
Ciitton,  .M  \.  Vjrnr  of  F.I l«*Niii«>ri',  Salop. 

4.  .\t  Hertford,  John  (irefii,  i^|.  of  Krai;- 
lMir\  -i-nd.  to  .Mar> ,  widow  of  John  llrown,  (*H4|. 


20] 

(Jeorire  Slyth,  rsq.  tn  KlizabMli,  fourth  dau.  u 
."Mr.  <i'eorife  Hnnunerston,  and   niece  of  the 

late  Adni.  S'ott,  of  Southampton. At  Tot- 

iies,  the  lli'\.  J.  W.  linrronph,  M.A.  Virar  of 
Tollies,  to  l>Miisa-An<;iista,  onlv  snrvivini; 
ilaii.  of  the  Lite  John  Kojier,  esi(.  of  (fOs|N)rt. 

5.  At  Kilnasulau[lirhurch,  Kichanl  BaxMctt 
Wilson,  eM|.  of  Cliffe  Hall,  Yorkshire,  to  Aunc, 
MTond  dan.  of  William  Fitzar«TaUI.  esq.  of 
Adelphi,ro.  Mare,  sister  of  Ijidy  OMirien,  of 

Dromoland. At  St.  I'ancras,  J.  K.  Watheii, 

<si|.  of  Torrinirton-si|.  to  Kliza  Ashton,  only 
child  of  the  late  J.  A.  Kichanls,  csi|.  of  Muse- 
Icy,   Wore. \t  St.    <'lcment's,   Kastcheap, 

the  Rev.  Wm.  Xohle,  M.A.  of  St.  John's  Col- 
lege, Camli.  to  KliMlMtli,dau.<»f  I).  Mackreth, 

«*'»»l- At  (ireenwich,  Andrew  H.  Brandram, 

••s*!.  to  Maria,  •«e<i)nd  dau.  of  F^tlmund   Read, 

esq.  of  Klackheath. At  Aylcshiiry,  Tliomas 

Hitwditch  Jortlesoii,  es<|.  of  Wendover,  late  of 
'l>nrmouth,  .North iimlK>rland,  to  Mary-.Majr- 
ilalcne,  ehlest  dau.  of  the  late  RolM>rt  Dell,  ejiq. 

.\t  'HioriM",  near  Norwich,  Henr>'  Kri dices 

Clark,  esi|.  si'cond  s«in  of  T.  T.  Clarke,  esu.  of 
Swakeleys,  .Miihllesex,  to  Sophia-Ann,  eldest 
dan.  of  the  Rev.  (ii>orKc  Stracey,  and  grand- 
dan.  of  the  late  .Sir  Kdwanl  Stracey,  Marl. 

6  At  .Marple,  Cheshire,  Charles  BellairM,e!«|. 
Ron  of  the  R#'v.  nenr>-  Hellairs,  of  Bedworth, 
Yorkshire,  to  Anna-Maria,  eldest  sister  of 
1.  Bradshaw  IslewotNl,  e:s<i.  of  Bradshaw  and 
Marple  Hall. 

7.  At  Ditton,  near  .Maidstone,  Robt.  Wylde, 
.seventh  stui  of  John  Barrow,  esij.  of  Wed- 
more,  Som.,  to  Sophia,  fourth  dau.  of  John 

lt<ildintr,  esq.  of  l>itton-pl. At  St.GeonceX 

Han.>.si|.  Alex.  R.  I  Jifone,  esi|.  of  Liverpool,  to 
Kmily-Fetherstone,  eldest  dau.  of  T.  Uritfin, 
e.s<|.  of  ('heltenham. 

U.  At  .\hinij:er,  Surrey,  M.  A.  .Saurin,  esq. 
xounct'st  son  of  the  late  Rivrht  llim.  W.  Sau- 
rin,  to  .Vnn-. Maria,  n>lict  of  R.  M.  Poore,  esq. 

of   Coomhe,  Wdts. At  Wah-ot,  Bath,  the 

Rev.  Wm.  Churclull,  of  Colleton  House,  i>orH. 
to  Julia-(*harlotte.Ma4>kenzie,  ehlest  dau.  of 
SirOrfonl  (ionhtn,  of  F.ml>o  Houhi>,  Huther- 
landshire. 

10.  At  Wcston..su|)er-Mare.  Findlay  Ander- 
Mui,  es4|.  K.  I.  ci\il  service,  .Madras,  to  Mary- 
Charlotte,  sei'oiiil  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-(V>I. 

C.  .M.  F.41  wards,  1st  Oylon  Reic. At  Strat- 

fiird-n|)on-Avon,  the  Rev.  Tliomas  l>a\iH,  of 
All  .*^ints,  Worcester,  to  (.'hristiana- Maria, 
fifth  (1.111.  of  the  late  RolH>rt  Hol>l>es,  esi|. 

11.  At  Tunbridire  Wells,  Wdliam  Sinclair, 
(SO.  ehlest  mm  of  J.  Sinclair,  eM|.  of  Hol)- 
hili,  CO.  Tynm<s  to  Sarah,  dau.  of  J.  C.  StnNle, 

es(i.  formerly  of  Shenifold-iMrk,  Sussex. 

v\t  St.  Pancras  new  church,  William  Maraluil, 
es(|.  ehlest  sim  of  the  ICev.  Wm.  Mamlial, 
M..\.  of  Bath,  to  Mary-.\nn,  third  dau.  of  K. 
H.  liaily,  esq.  R.A.  s4*ulptor. 

12.  At  St.  (»eonre'«,  Haiiover-Mi.  the  LonI 
Bisliop  of    Hfreford,  to  the  Hon.  ('atharine 

(.avendish,  sister  to  Lonl  Wateqiark. At 

St.  <iih>s*s-in-the- Fields,  J.  T.  CartM>nell,  e.sq. 
of  R^nrciit-st.  to  Klizalieth,  eldest  dau.  of  VaI^mt 

C'orrie,  esq.  of  Bedford<s4{. At  D«Mldinirt(Ui- 

hall.  Line.  John,  oidy  s(m  of  11.  Bnimliead, 
esq.  of  Lincoln,  to  Anne-Fector,younf;eftt  dau. 

of  Col.  (;.  R.  P.  Jar\is. At  Paris,  the  Hon. 

H.  R.  Ciirwrn,  eldest  son  of  Lonl  Teynham,  to 


i|.  eiiiest  MUi  oi  Koiiert  iM'Van,  em| 
iif  Riiuirham,  SulT.  to  Samh,  dau.  of  the  late 
A.  Kavklinsim.  esq.--  At  Knfield,  Capt.  Rich. 
I'a«kes,27tli  Hi"j:.  to  Fanny,  third  dan.  of  A. 
Pans.  esq.  of  Wev|  i>Mt:fi>,  H(*rts. \t  Hin- 
der, .S»m.  the  Re\.  Charles  (inltith,  of  (il>ii 
(  elyn.  ro.  Brecon,  to  Frances-Ann,  ehlest  dau. 
of  J.  S.  S(mierville.  esq. At  St.  Taucras, 

Gknt.  Mau.  Vul.  XIII. 


dau.  of  the  late  'Hios.  l*m-kh',  esij.  orCUpham. 

(*omm(m. Re\.  Jacob  Robsim,  B.D.  liM;uni- 

bent  of  'I'^'hleslex ,  Mnc.  to  Anne^  third  dau. 

of  the  late  Wm.  'Kcch's,  es(|.  of  Uican. At 

Tottenham,  Thomas  Orchard,  jun.  «'H4|.  of 
Finchley,  to  Caroline,  third  dau.  of  the  late 
W.  Larkcn,  c«i.  of  Little  Hadhani. 

'2D 


202 


Marriages, 


[Feb. 


17.  At  Marylebone,  Capt.  Moyle,  lath  Boyal 
Irish,  to  Marie-Antoioette,  dau.  of  the  late  J. 
Swaby,  esq. At  Stanton  Drew,  Joseph  Wal- 
ters Daubeny,  esq.  son  of  Georg:e  Daubeny, 
esq.  of  Cote,  to  Sarah- Anne-Savag:e,  only  dau. 
of    the  late  Daniel  Wait,  eso.  of  Beiluton, 

Som. At  Gretna-green,  and  on  Jan  20,  at 

iUl  Hallows,  Lombard-st.  Thomas  John  Tyl- 
ston  Pares,  esq.  of  Downine  Coll.  Camb.,  and 
Narborouf^h  Hall,  Leic.  to  Harriette,  only  dau. 
of  Thomas  Berming^ham,  of  Galway,  Ireland. 

At  Ross,  Heretordahire,  George  Strona:, 

esq.  M.D.  of  Hereford,  to  Charlotte,  only  sur- 
Tiving  child  of  John  Cooke,  esq.  of  the  Chase. 

18.  At  Walcot,  Bath,  Uenrv*  John  Caldwell, 
esq  only  son  of  Sir  John  Caldwell,  Bart,  to 
Sophia-Louisa,  eldest  dau.  of  D.  K.  Paynter, 
esq. 

19.  At  Gloucester,  William  Jones,  esq.  of  the 
Sbeepbouse,  near  Gloucester,  to  Frances-Mary, 
third  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Wni.  Bayly,  D.  -D 
Vicar  of  Hartpury. 

21.  At  Marylebone  church,  Tliomas  George 
8ymons,  esq.  4th  Drag.  Guards,  to  Alary- 
IJouisa,  only  child  of  B  H.  Symons,  esq.  of 

Baker-st. At   St.  George's,   Bloomsbury, 

Charles  Augustus  Elderton,  esq.  eldest  son 
of  Lt.-Col.  I^lderton,  E.  I.  Service,  to  Maria- 
Tlieresa,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Bury  Hutchin- 
son, esq. 

36.  At  Almondsbury,  Glouc.  Robert  Cann 
Lippincott,  esq.  of  Over-court,  to  Margaret- 
Agnes,  youngest  dau.  of  Mr.  Seij.  Ludlow. 

At  Durham,  J.  H.  Branfoot,  esq.  M.D.  to  Jane, 
youngest  dau.  of  R.  Hutchinson,  esq. 

27.  At  Cheltenham,  the  Rev.  Charles  Ward- 
roper,  B.A.,  Leigh.  Glouc.  to  Laura-Matilda- 
Montagu,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col. 
Timins,  R.M. 

81.  At  Winwick,  Lane,  the  Rev.  T.  J.  Whit- 
tinffton,  A.M.  to  Anne-Margaret,  eldest  dau. 

of  T.  Claughton,  esq. At  Isleworth,  John 

Maughan,  esq.  of  Jer\'eaux  Abbey,  Yorkshire, 
to  Emily,  fourth  dau.  of  James  Stanbrough, 
esq. At  Came,  Dorset,  the  Rev.  C.  G.  New- 
comb,  son  of  J.  Newcomb,  esq.  of  Upton, 
Bucks,  to  £mily-Georgiana-Elizabeth,youngest 
dan.  of  the  Rev.  Lord  William  Somerset. 

Lateljf.  At  Clonmore,  Ireland,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Price,  Master  of  the  endowed  School,  and  Lec- 
turer of  St.  Olave's,  Waterford,  to  Rosamond, 

dau.  of  Capt.  T.  Roberts,  R.N.,Ahlennan. At 

Edinburgh,  the  Rev.  John  G.  Macvicar,  to  Jes- 
sie, dau.  of  Lt.-Col.  R.  Macdonald,  of  Kinloch- 

moidart. At  Dublin,  Walter  Stnckland,  esq. 

•Idest  son  of  the  late  George  Strickland,  e.sq. 
of  Newton,  York^ire,  and  grandson  of  the 
late  Sir  G.  Strickland,  Bart,  tu  Charlotte,  dau. 

of  John  Carroll,  esq. At  St.  Martin's,  the 

Rev.  Heneage  Drummond,  to  Cecil  Elizabeth, 
datu  of  Anorew  Mortimer  and  Lady  Emily 
Drummond. 

Jan.  1.  At  Cheltenham,  the  Rev.  G.  H. 
Evans,  M.A.  to  Maria- Harriet,  youngest  dau. 

of  the  late  Sir  H.  M.  Farrington.  Bart. At 

St.  Saviour's,  Southwark,  W.  S.  Rumsey,  es<i. 
of  Kennington,  to  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
William  Mann,  M.A.  Chaplain  of  St.  Saviour's. 

At  Iver,  Lumisden  Strange,  es<|.  Madras 

Civil  Serv.  eldest  son  of  Sir  T.  Stranee,  to 
Mary  Rosa,  widow  of  Lieut.  W.  Hodgson, 
Bengal  Horse  Art.  dau.  of  the  late  C^pt.  Sam. 

Tickell,    Bengal    Army. At    St.  Giles's, 

Dorsetsh.  the  Rev.  Hinlon  (;^tle  Smith,  A.B. 
Lecturer' of  Kingsbridge,  Devon,  to  Grace- 
Harriet  Goodwin,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 

Rob.    Henshaw,   esq.    Bombay  Serw At 

Stoke,  Devon,  P.  Bingham,  esq.  to  Clara,  dau. 
«f  the  late  William  Stanley,  esq. 

2.  At  Beddington,  Morgan  Culhane,  esq. 
M.D.  of  Croydon,  to  Vvahy,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
)ate  Adm.  James  Pffott. 


7.  At  Pickering,  the  Rev.  Arthur  W.  WaUUL 
B.A.  late  Boden  Sanscrit  Scholar,  Oxf.  and 
now  of  Bishop's  College,  Calcutta,  to  Jane, 
third  dau.  of  Mr.  George  Watson,  of  the  Ma- 

rishes,  Thornton. At  Highworth,  Wilts, 

J.  F.  Bernard,  jun.  esq.  of  Stamford-hUl,  to 
Emily,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  W.  CrowdT,  esq. 
of  Westrop-house. At  Trinity  Church,  Ma- 
rylebone, Neil  Benj.  Edmonstone.  Jan.  esq. 
to  Madalina  Elinor,  only  dau.  of  W.  H.  Trant, 
esq. At  Canterbury,  the  Rev.  P.  B.  Back- 
house, Vicar  of  St.  Mary's,  Sandwich,  youngest 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  B.  Backhouse,  Rector 
of  Deal,  to  Harriett-Sophia,  youngest  dan.  of 

the  late  W.  Mackeson,  esq.  of  Hytlie. At 

Frome,  Wilson  Clement,  second  son  of  the 
late  C.  W.  Cruttwell,  eso.  of  Bath,  to  Geonp- 
ana,  youngest  child  of  ttie  late  John  Daniel, 

esq. At  Llanbebleg,  Fred.  Coxens.  esq.  son 

of  the  late  C.  Cozens,  esq.  of  Dorchester,  to 
Louisa,  youngest  dau.  of  W.  Jones,.M.D.  (late 
King's  Drag.  Guards),  of  Glan  Helen,  Oun. 

At  St.  James's,  Westminster,  A.  R.  Hole, 

esq.  Comet,  13th  Drag,  to  Eliz.  eldest  dau.  of 

John  Mercer,  esq.  of  Maidstone. ^At  Bast 

Horndon,  Essex,  tne  Rev.  Edw.  Henry  Landon, 
M.A.  to  Juliana  Lstitia,  eldest  dau.  of  Capt. 
Birch,  R.  Eng. 

8.  At  Dover,  Lieut.  Fred.  Coppin.  R.N.  to 
Laura-Eliza,  second  dau.  of  Peter  Gionri,  esq. 

of  Chelsea. At  Warwick,  the  Rev.  Tlioinas 

Fell,  Vicar  of  Ashby-de-la-Zouch,  to  Laura, 
only  dau.  of  Col.  Acklom. 

9.  At  Leamington,  the  Rev.  Algernon  Turner, 
of  Wragby,  to  Sophia,  only  dau.  of  the  late 

Sir  Thos.  \\Tiichcote,  liart. ^The  Rev.  J.  H. 

Dyer,  Vicar  of  Great  Walt  ham,  Essex,  to  Maria- 
Anne,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  C.  Maitland, 
Rector  of  Little  Langford.  Wilts. In  Lon- 
donderry Cathedral,  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Story,  of 
Corick,  CO.  Tyrone,  to  Catharine- Eliza,  dau.  of 
the  late  Valentine  Munbee,  esq.  of  Horringer, 

Suffolk.  Capt.  43rd  Reff. At  Paddinffton* 

John  Edm.  B.  Curtis,  Civil  Engineer,  eldest 
son  of  the  late  John  Curtis,  Esq.  to  Jane-Juliet, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Dr.  J.  M.WiUon,  £.  I.  ser* 

vice. At  Bath,  the  Rev.  W.  A.Taylor,  Rector 

of  Litrhborough,  Northpsh.  to  Anne-Catharine, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  W.  Church,  of  Hamp- 
ton, Midd. At  Stonehouse,  Major  Yonnf, 

25th  Reg.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Col.  Sir  Aretas 
W.  Young,  to  llannah-Clementia,  second  dau. 
of  the  late  Rear- Adm.  Peter  Puget,  C.B. 

11.  At  Bristol.  J.  R.  Marshman,  esq.  barris- 
ter-at-law,  to  Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
T.  Roberts,  Baptist  Minister. 

14.  At  \\o\Qy  near  Brighton,  Goring  Rideout, 
es(|.  8Sth  Keg.  grandson  of  the  late  bir  Bury 
Goring,  Bart,  to  Maria-Caroline  Laura,  young- 
est dau.  of  Newton  Dickenson,  esq.  of  Bnghton. 

15.  At  St.  George-the-.Mart>T,  Henry  Vin- 
cent, youngest  s<m  of  the  late  Francis  De 
Berckeni,  esq.  of  Upper  Clapton,  to  Mary  Ana, 

only  dau.  of  the  late  W.  Russell,  esq. At 

Kinnordy,  N.  B.  the  Rev.  Gilbert  Heathcote, 
of  North  Tamerton,  Cornwall,  to  Maria,  dau. 
of  Charles  Lyell,  esq.  Vice-Lieut,  of  co.  ForiRyr. 

16.  At  Southampton,  John  Francis  Du  Ver* 
net.  Can.  82(1  Reg.  to  Clara  Ann,  youngest  dau. 
of  Charles  Pilgrim,  esq. 

17.  At  P(K)Ie,  the  Rev.  C.  H.  Collins,  D.D. 
Head  Master  of  Exeter  .School,  to  Sarah,  only 
sur\  iving  dau.  of  the  late  Mr.  Robert  Slide. 

18.  At  .St.  George's,  Han.-sq.  the  Rev.  Joshua 
Nalson,  M.A.  or  Rotherham,  to  Miss  Harriot 

Merrick,  of  Richmond,  Surrey. At  Christ 

Church,  Marylebone,  Collier  Maitland,  eso.  of 
Seymour-place,    to    Elizabeth-Smyth-Forbes, 

youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Dr.  Perrin.  M.D. 

£.  T.  Roe,  esq.  of  Clifton,  to  Cathenne-Maria, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Henry  Raye,  esq.  ana 
granddau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Ool.  B.  Johnttottc 


203 


OBITUARY. 


Da.  Bltler,  Bishop  or  Lichfield. 
Dec.  \.  At  Ecclesball  Castle,  Stafford- 
shire,  in  his  66th  year,  the    Right   Rev. 
Samuel  Butler,    D.D.   Lord  Bishop  of 
Lichfield. 

Dr.  Butler  was  born  at  Kenihvorth,  in 
Warwickshire  (the  birth-place  also  of  the 
Bishops  of  Winchester  and  Chester),  on 
the  .'50th  of  January,  1774,  of  highlv  re- 
spected parents,  residing  in  that  village, 
beirijj:  the  son  of  Mr.  William  Butler,  and 
grandson  of  Mr.  William  Butler,  for  many 
years  steward  of  the   estates    of    Lord 
Hyde  and  Lord  Leigh,  who  died  in  1760 
(see  the  Hist,  of  Kenilworth,  1821,  p.  52.) 
He  was  educated  under  Dr.  James,  at 
Kugby  School,  where  he  was  admitted 
March  'M,   1783,  and  where    his    rapid 
progress  in  sound  and  elegant    learning 
gave  promise  of  his  future    distinction. 
In  17<J*2  he  entered  into  residence  at  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge.     His  career 
at  that  University  was  brilliantly  success- 
ful.     He  obtained  three  of  Sir   William 
Browne's  medals  ;  two  for   Latin   Odes, 
and  one  for  a  (Jreek  Ode,     In    1793,  he 
was   elected   to   the    (yraven    University 
Scholarship,    after    a   competition   with 
eighteen  distinguished  candidates,  anions 
whom  were  Dr.    Keate,  afterwards  Head 
Master  of  Kton  ;  Dr.  iiethell,  now  Bishop 
ol   Bangor;  and   Samuel   Taylor    Cole- 
ridge, the  eminent  poet  and  philosopher. 
Ai  the  matheniatinil  examination  for  the 
degri'e  of  B.A.   in   171K),  his  name  ep. 
pt  arcd  in  the  list  of  Senior  Optimes;  and 
he    soon  after   gained    the    first  of    the 
Chancellor's   two   gold    medals,    for  the 
best  classical   scholars  of  the  year.     In 
1 7J)7  and  17JH  he  carried  off  the  Members' 
prize,  tor  the  best  Latin  Essays  by  liachc- 
Iwrs  of  arts.     In  the  former  year  he  was 
elect«'d    Fellow  of  St.    John's    College, 
and  in  17I>S  he  accepted  the  Head  Mas- 
tership  ot    the     Koyal    Free    (rrammar 
School  at    Shrewsbury,    vacant    by    the 
death  of  the  KfV.  Mr.  Atcherley.     It  is 
well  known  that,  by  the  learning,  energy, 
and  judicious    discipline  of  Dr.    Butler, 
Shrewsbury  Seh<M>l  wasgnidually  raised  to 
a  very  high  rank  among  similar  inntitutions. 
AlKMit  the    same  time  that  Mr.   Butler 
removed   to  Shrewsbury,  he  was  selected 
by  the    Syndics  of  the    Cambridge    Uni- 
versity Press  to  undertake  a  new  edition 


during  monument  of  his  creatand  varioot 
learning.  In  1802  Mr.  Butler  was  pre- 
sented by  the  Earl  of  Clarendon,  to  the 
vicarage  of  his  native  place,  Kenilworth. 
In  1811  he  proceeded  to  the  degree  of 
Doctor  in  Divinity,  and  on  that  occasion 
preached  the  sermon  at  the  installation  of 
nis  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  Glou- 
cester, as  Chancellor  of  the  University  of 
Cambridge. 

In  1807  Dr.  Butler  was  presented  by 
Bishop  Comwallis  to  the  prebendal  stall 
of  Wolvey,  at  Lichfield,  and  in  1822  to 
the  archdeaconry  of  Derby ;  in  dischai^- 
ing  the  duties  of  which  office,  his  zeal, 
diligence,  and  faithfulness  were  universally 
acknowledged.     In   1836,  he  was  pro- 
moted,  on  the  recommendation  of  vis- 
count  Melbourne,  to  the  episcopal  see 
of  Lichfield  and  Coventry,  vacant  by  the 
death  of  the  pious  Bishop  Ryder.     The 
archdeaconry  of  Coventry  being  subse- 
quently severed  from  his  diocese,  and  an- 
nexed to  that  of  Worcester,  by  a  resolu- 
tion  of  Privy  Council  dated  Dec.  22, 1836, 
in  pursuance  of  a  recommendation  of  the 
Ecclesiastical   Commissioners,  his  lord- 
ship afterwards  retained  the  single  title  of 
Bishop  of  Lichfield. 

His  successor  at  Shrewsbury  School 
was  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Hall  Kennedy, 
D.D.,  elected  by  St.  John*s  College,  Cam- 
bridge, who  had  been  one  of  the  eminent- 
ly talented  and  successful  pupils  of  Dr. 
Butler.  This  election,  it  is  well  known, 
was  highly  gratifying  to  the  Bishop. 

In  Bishop  Butler  we  have  to  lament  the 
loss  of  a  man  of  varied  acquirements,  play- 
ful wit,  profound  learning,  unbending  inte- 
grity, and  sound  religion  ;  all  accompanied 
by  a  benevolence  of  heart,  a  candour  of 
mind,  and  simplicity  of  manner,  that  were 
the  graces  and  adornments  of  his  whole 
nature.     He  was  not  a  mere  man  of  talent, 
but  the  impress  of  genius,  *<  the  light  from 
Heaven,**  was  upon  him.     Thus,  nothing 
in  him  was  dry  and  formal,  but  living  and 
vigorous.     His  talk  on  the  languages, — 
U[)on  the  knowledge  of  which  his  fame  so 
greatly  rested, — was  not  that  of  one  oidy 
well  skilled  in  certain  critiad  details  and 
nice  grammatical  distinctions ;  but  of  one 
who  saw  into  the  life  and  power  of  the 
thing,  and  knew  the  mind  that  ahimatcd 
the  whole  body.     So,  also,  when  be  spoke 


ot  y^^schyluH,  with  the  text  and  notes  of  of  history,  he  seemed,  like  the  prophet  of 

Stanley.     This  arduous  task  he  gradually  that  great  bard  in  whose  noble  songs  he 

achieved  in  four  volumes  ito.  1809-1816,  delighted,  to  see  things  past,  present,  and 

aiid  thus  bequeathed  to  posterity  an  en.  to  come.     He  appeared  to  have  lived 


204 


Obituary. — Dr,  Butler,  Bishop  of  Lichfield, 


[Feb. 


among  the  great  characters  and  events  of 
antiquity.     He  would  bring  them  down, 
and  put  them  before  bis  hearer,  and  con- 
nect  them    with    present    times ;    then 
"  flying  forward  to  the  future,  and  com  - 
paring  one  with  the  other,  give  a  verdict 
well  nigh  prophetical."    He  was  liberal 
in  his  politics,  and  most  charitable  in  his 
religion.     He  truly  venerated  the  consti- 
tution of  his  country,  and  deeply  loved 
that  church  in  whose  high  places  he  ruled 
with  an  honest  and  true  heart,  and,  amid 
sickness,  and  pain,  and  suffering,  served 
her  faithfully  with  all  his  power.     His 
career  had  been  one  of  almost  unbroken 
success.     In  the  university  he  bore  away 
the  highest  classical   honours  from  the 
hands  of  most  distinguished  competitors. 
Placed,   when   he  had  scarcely  reached 
manhood,  at  the  head  of  the  Shrewsbury 
school,  he  raised  it  from  the  lowest  grade 
of  depression  to  the  highest  pitch  of  dis- 
tinction ;  sending  forth  from  her  venera- 
ble walls  an  intellectual  progeny,    who 
have  tilled  both  Universities  with  his  and 
their  fame.    Laden  with  the  honours  flow- 
ing in  upon  him,  as  the  fruit  of  thirty- 
eight  years*  successful    labour,  he    was 
raised,  in  1836,  to  the  episcopate.     From 
that  moment  to  his  death  he  knew  no  day 
of  health,  scarcely  an  hour  free  irom  suf~ 
fering.    Yet  this  has  been  the  noblest  part 
of  his  life ;  for  his  patient  uncomplain- 
ing submission  to  the  hand  of  Goid  has 
been  an  example  to  all  around  him  ;  and 
his  indefatigable  attention,  *'  to  his  power, 
and  beyond  his  power,"  to  the  great  trust 
committed  to  him,  combined    with    the 
mildness  of  his  manner  and  the  fatherli- 
Jiess  of  his  conduct,  has  gained  a  hold 
upon  the  respect   and  uffectiun    of  his 
clergy,  which  no  common  man,  amid  such 
seclusion  as  his  has  necessarily  been,  could 
possibly  have  acquired. 

Dr.  Butler  married,  in  179H,  Harriet, 
fifth  daughter  of  the  Rev.  East  Apthorp, 
D.D.,  Vicar  of  Croydon,  and  Hector  of 
St.  Mary-le-Bow,  and  sister  to  the  wife 
of  Dr.  Cory,  Master  of  P^manuel  college. 
By  that  lady,  (who  survives  him)  he  has 
left  issue — Mary,  wife  of  the  Ven.  Arch- 
deacon Bather;  Harriet,  relict  of  the  late 
John  Lloyd,  esq.  of  Shrewsbury ;  and  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Butler,  Rector  of  Laiigar. 
No  husband  and  parent  could  be  happier 
in  his  family  than  the  Bishop  of  Lich- 
field; and  his  declining  years  were 
cheered,  cherished,  and  sustained,  under 
the  divine  mercy,  by  the  most  unremitting 
attentions  of  filial  love  and  duty. 

The  remains  of  the  Bishop  were 
interred  in  St.  Mary*s  church,  Shrews- 
bury. At  Atcham,  four  miles  from  the 
town,  twenty-one  carriages,  containing  the 
officiating  clergymen  and  the  mourners, 
joined  the  prgce«sion;  and  on  reaching 


the  Abbey  Forgate,  the  corporation,  the 
clergy,  the  masters  of  the  schools,  and  the 
tradesmen  of  the  town,  took  their  places. 
The  melancholy  procession  slowly  wended 
through  the  principal  streets  to  St.  Mary's 
church,  where  the  service  was  most  affect- 
ingly  read  by  the  Rev.  W.  G.  Rowland. 
The  body  was  then  carried  to  its  final 
resting-place,  and  deposited  in  a  vault  on 
the  left  of  the  front  entrance  of  St.  Mary's 
church-yard,  which  was  constructed  for 
the  purpose  many  years  ago.  Every 
manifestation  of  respect  was  made  by  the 
inhabitants  of  the  diocese,  and  in  Shrews- 
bury the  day  of  the  funeral  was  one  of 
general  mourning. 

Besides  the  edition  of  JSschylus  al- 
ready noticed.  Bishop  Butler  published 
the  following  works : 

M.  Musuri  Carmen  in  Platonem,  Is. 
Casauboniin  Josephum  Scaligerum  Ode. 
Accedunt  Poemata  et  Exercitationes 
utri usque  Lingua?.  1797.  8vo.  (see  Gent. 
Mag.  Ixviii.  599). 

The  Use  and  Abuse  of  Reason  in 
Matters  of  Faith.  1805.  I2mo. 

Security  in  the  Divine  Protection,  a 
Thanksgiving  Sermon,  Dec.  5,  1805. 
12mo. 

A  Letter  to  C.  J.  Blomfield  (the 
present  Bishop  of  London)  containing 
Remarks  on  the  Edinburgh  Review  of 
the  Cambridge  iBscbylus.    1810.    8vo. 

A  Letter  to  the  Kev.  S.  Batler  from 
the  Rev.  J.  H.  Monk,  Greek  Professor 
in  the  University  of  Cambridge,  with 
Mr.  Butler's  Answer.  1810.  8vo. 

Christian  Liberty,  a  Sermon  preached 
at  St.  Mary's,  Cambridge,  at  the  Instal- 
lation of  the  Duke  of  Gloucester.  181 1  • 
8vo. 

A  Sketch  of  Modem  and  Ancient 
Geography,  for  the  use  of  Schools.  8vo. 
Shrewsbuiy,  1813.  Since  frequently  re- 
))rinted,  having  become  a  standard  book 
on  the  subject,  and  produced  large  profits  ; 
but  it  is  not  a  work  of  much  value. 

An  Atlas  of  Ancient  Geography;  20 
maps,  with  Indexes. 

An  Atlas  of  Modern  Geography  ;  21 
maps. 

A  Praxis  on  the  Latin  Prejiositions, 
being  an  attempt  to  illustrate  their  origin, 
power,  and  signification,  in  the  way  of 
exercise.  8vo.  18ii^  and  three  subsequent 
editions :  and  a  Key  to  the  same. 

Charlehiugne,  a  Poem  by  Lucien  Buo- 
naparte. Translated  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Butler  and  the  Rev.  F.  Hodgson. 

Dr.  Butler  preached  Dr.  Parr's  funeral 
Sermon,  which  he  published  in  -ko.  and 
it  appears  Jrom  the  Catalogue  of  Dr. 
Parr's  Library,  p.  393,  that  he  was  the 
author  of  the  reyiew  of  Beloe^s  Seiage* 
narian  in  the  Monthly  Review, 


1840.]     Sir  T.  S.  M.  Champneys,  Bart. Sir  Isaac  Coffin,  Bart.     205 


Dr.  Butler  long  cherished  a  design  of 
re-editing  ^jschylus,  and  collected  MSS. 
for  that  purpose.  It  would,  no  doubt, 
have  been  far  sufierior  to  the  former  one. 

He  has  left  a  large  and  very  curious 
library,  particularly  an  unrivalled  collec- 
tion of  the  Aldine  Press t  and  Greek  and 
Latifi  MSS.  which,  it  is  hoped,  will  goto 
the  British  Museum. 

A  public  subscription  has  been  opened 
for  a  monument  to  the  Bishop's  memory, 
to  which  the  Duke  of  Sutherland,  Earl 
Powis,  Lord  Benvick,  and  the  Hon.  R. 
H.  Clive,  M.P.  have  subscribed  the  sum 
of  2j/.  each. 


Flint,  Bart,  and  sister  and  heiress  to  Sir 
Thomas  Mostyn,  the  sixth  and  last 
Baronet  of  that  fomily.  Sir  Thomas  had 
no  issue,  and  the  baronetcy  has  become 
extinct. 


Sir  T.  S.  M.  Champneys,  Bart. 

Nov.  21.  At  Orchardlcigh  Park, 
Somerset,  aged  70,  Sir  Thomas  Swym- 
mer  Mostyn  Champneys,  the  second 
Baronet  of  that  place  (1767.) 

He  was  born  on  the  3 1st  May  1769, 
the  only  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Champneys, 
the  first  Baronet,  by  his  first  wife  Caro- 
line-Anne, daughter  of  Richard  Cox, 
es'i.  of  Quartley,  co.  Southampton. 

He  was  Lieut.-Colonel  commandant  of 
the  Selwood  Forest  Legion  of  volunteers 
by  commission  dated  Aug.  13,  1802;  and 
in  lH()t  he  published  **  A  Letter  to  Earl 
Powlett  on  the  Selwood  Forest  Legion," 
»vo. 

He  succeeded  to  the  title  on  his  father's 
death,  Aug.  21,  1821.  Descended  from 
a  family  of  great  antiquity,  he,  from 
early  life,  asswiated  with  the  highest  and 
noblest  of  the  land,  especially  with  his 
late  Alajesty,  King  George  the  Fourth. 
Amidst  this  illustrious  circle,  he  was  not 
only  a  welcome  and  a  courted  guest,  but 
runimanded  universal  admiration  by  his 
wit  and  humour,  tempered,  as  they 
were,  by  courtesy  and  good  taste,  and 
adonied  with  the  polish  of  the  finished 
gentleman.  Of  his  fine  perception  of  the 
beautiful,  the  improvements  made  by 
him  in  his  ancestral  domain  of  Orchard- 
lcigh, are  an  indisputable  proof.  As  a 
magistrate  he  evinced  acuteness,  discern- 
ment, and  impartiality,  united  with  admir- 
able  uct  and  good  temper.  As  a  public 
sjicaker  he  possessed  facility,  graceful- 
ness, and  perfect  self-possession,  with  a 
felicitous  diction.  Of^  the  poor,  whilst 
he  had  the  means,  he  was  an  extensive 
employer  and  liberal  benefactor — and 
these,  added  to  his  unvarying  kindliness 
of  manner,  rendered  him  not  only  popu- 
lar Hmongst  them,  but  beloved  almost  to 
ciithuHiaitm.  His  life  wa^  of  a  chequered 
character,  but  lu;  ended  his  days  in  peace, 
amidst  the  consolations  of  religion. 

He  married  on  the  2Ut  of  April  1792, 
(  harlotte  Margaret,  second  daughter  of 
Sir  Roger  Mwtyn,  of  Mostynbali,  eg. 


Adm.  Sir  Isaac  Cophk,  Bart. 
July  23.    At  Cheltenham,  aged  80,  Sir 
Isaac  Coffin,  Bart.  G.C.H.  Admiral  of 
the  Red. 

This  gallant  old  officer  was  the  fourth 
and  youngest  son  of  Nathaniel  Coffin, 
esq.  Cashier  of  the  Customs  in  the  port 
of  Boston,  America,  by  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Mr.  Henry  Barnes,  merchant} 
of  the  same  place. 

He  entered  the  Royal  Navy  in  May 
1773,  under  the  auspices  of  Rear- Adm. 
John  Montagu,  who  confided  him  to  the 
care  of  the  late  Lieut.  Wm.  Hunter,  of 
Greenwich  Hospital,  at  that  period  com. 
manding  the  brig  Gasp^  on  the  Ameri- 
can station.  **  Of  all  the  young  meoy** 
said  Lieut.  Hunter,  *'  I  ever  had  the 
care  of,  none  answered  my  expectations 

equal  to  Isaac  Coffin Never  did 

I  know  a  young  man  acquire  so  much 
nautical  knowledge  in  so  short  a  time.'* 

Mr.  Coffin  afterwards  served  as  Mid* 
shipman  in  the  Captain,  Kinfffisher, 
Fowey,  and  Diligent,  on.  the  HalifiuE 
station  ;  and  from  the  last  named  was  re- 
moved into  the  Romney  of  SO  guns, 
bearing  the  flag  of  his  patron  at  New- 
foundland. In  the  summer  of  1778  he 
obtained  a  Lieutenancy,  and  the  com- 
mand of  the  Placentia  cutter ;  and  the 
following  spring  he  served  as  a  volunteer 
on  board  the  Sybil  frigate,  commanded  by 
(yapt.  Pasley,  and  was  soon  after  ap- 
)>ointcd  to  the  command  of  le  Pinson 
armed  ship  :  in  which  he  bad  the  misfor- 
tune to  be  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Labm- 
dor,  but  on  a  court-martial  was  acquitted 
of  all  blame. 

Having  visited  England,  be  was  in 
Nov.  1779  appointed  to  the  Adamant, 
about  to  be  launched  at  Liverpool ;  and 
in  the  following  year  be  escorted  in  her 
the  outward-bound  trade  to  New  York. 
He  was  next  appointed  to  the  London 
(18,  the  flagship  of  Roar- Adm.  Graves,  on 
the  coast  of  America :  and  from  her  he 
removed  into  the  Royal  Oak,  a  third 
rate,  under  Vice- Adm.  Arbutbnot,  to 
whom  he  acted  as  Signal  Lieutenant  in 
the  action  off  Cape  lienry,  March  16, 
1781. 

In  July  following  he  was  made  Com- 
mander, and  on  his  arrival  at  New  York 
joined  the  Avenger  sloop.  He  was  after- 
wards received  as  a  volunteer,  by  Sir 
Samuel  Hood  on  board  the  Barfleur  96^ 
ill  which  be  shared  in  much  active  ser- 
vice.   Slaving  8ub«equentJy  ngoiaed  lu« 


206 


Adtn.  Sir  Isaac  Coffin,  Bart.-^Sir  A.  CaldmelU  G.C^B.      [Feb. 


sloop,  he  was  appointed  Captain  of  the 
Shrewsbury  72,  at  Jamaica,  and  con- 
firmed in  that  rank,  June  13,  1782.  In 
the  following  December,  he  exchanged 
to  the  Hydra  20,  in  which  he  retunied  to 
England,  and  was  put  out  of  commission. 
After  spending  some  time  in  France, 
he  was  in  1786  appointed  to  the  Thisbe 
frigate,  and  ordered  to  take  Lord  Dor- 
chester and  his  family  to  Quebec. 

In  the  course  of  1788,  being  irritated 
by  some  treatment  experienced  from  the 
Admiralty,  Capt.  Coffin  took  the  ex- 
traordinary step  of  proceeding  to  Flan- 
ders, where  he  entered  into  the  service  of 
the  Brabant  patriots;  but  the  event  which 
shortly  ensued,  of  the  conduct  of  Lord 
Howe  and  his  colleagues  at  the  Board 
being  declared  illegal  by  the  twelve 
Judges,  decided  his  return  to  the  service 
of  his  King  and  country;  and  at  the 
Spanish  aamamcnt  in  1790,  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  Alligator  of  28  guns.  At 
that  period,  when  lying  in  the  Nore,  during 
a  strong  wind,  a  man  fell  overboard,  and 
Capt.  Coffin,  impelled  by  his  generous 
spirit,  immediately  leaped  after  him.  He 
succeeded  in  rescuing  a  fellow  being  from 
death  ;  but  his  exertions  produced  a  se- 
vere rupture,  which  frequently  afterwards 
reminded  him  of  this  act  of  humanity. 

In  the  spring  of  1791,  our  officer,  hav- 
ing previously  been  to  Cork,  where  he 
received  the  flag  of  Adm.  Cosby,  was 
once  more  ordered  to  America,  from 
whence  he  returned  with  Lord  Dorchester 
and  his  family,  in  the  ensuing  autumn. 
The  Alligator  was  soon  after  paid  off  at 
Deptford. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  war  with 
the  French  republic,  Capt.  Coffin,  who 
had  in  the  interim  visited  Sweden,  Den- 
mark, and  Russia,  obtained  the  command 
of  the  Melampus  frigate,  in  which  he 
was  employed  on  Channel  service  until 
the  close  of  1794;  when,  one  night,  by 
exerting  himself  too  violently,  he  became 
ruptured  on  both  sides,  which  obliged  him 
to  quit  his  ship,  and  for  some  months  he 
was  literally  a  cripple.  On  his  recovery 
he  went  to  Leith,  being  appointed  to  the 
recruiting  service  at  that  port;  and  in 
Oct.  1795  he  proceeded  to  Corsica,  where 
he  served  as  Resident  Commissioner 
until  the  evacuation  of  that  island,  Oct. 
15,  1796.  From  thence  he  removed  to 
Elba,  and  subsequently  to  Lisbon,  where 
he  continued  for  two  years,  actively  em- 
ployed as  the  head  of  the  naval  estab- 
lishment of  that  place. 

Towards  the  latter  end  of  1 79S,  when 
Minorca  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Eng- 
lish, Commissioner  Coffin  was  appointed 
to  the  superintendence  of  the  arsenal  at 


Port  Mahon ;  and  after  the  lap«e  of  a 
few  months,  returned  to  Englaiid  on  hia 
way  to  Nova  Scotia,  whither  he  pro- 
ceeded in  the  Venus  frigate. 

Our  officer  continued  to  perform  the 
arduous  duties  of  a  Resident  Conimia- 
sioner  of  the  Navy,  fii-st  at  HalifiuL,  and 
subsequently  at  Sheemess,  undl  April 
]801<,  when  he  was  advanced  to  the  rank 
of  Rear- Admiral,  and  soon  after  hoisted 
his  tiag  on  board  the  Gladiator,  being  ap- 
pointed to  superintend  the  harbour  duty 
at  Portsmouth.  On  the  19th  of  May 
1804,  he  was  created  a  Baronet  as  a  re- 
ward for  his  unremitting  zeal  and  perse- 
vering efforts  for  the  good  of  the  public 
service. 

Sir  Isaac  Coffin  hauled  down  his 
flag  on  being  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Vice- Admiral  April  28,  1808.  He  be- 
came  full  Admiral  June  4*,  1814. 

At  the  general  election  of  1818  he  was 
returned  to  Parliament  for  the  borough 
of  Ilcl) ester,  for  which  he  sat  until  the 
dissolution  in  1B2G.  In  Parliament  be 
constantly  paid  much  attention  to  naval 
matters,  and  not  unfrequently  in  a  style 
of  fucetiousness  that  relieved  the  subject 
of  its  dry  technicality.  His  charity  was  ex- 
tensive j  and  within  a  few  weeks  of  his 
death  he  remitted  an  additional  and  libe- 
ral donation  to  the  Royal  Naval  Charity, 
**  for  fear,"  as  he  humorously  expressed 
himself,  '*he  should  slip  his  wind  and 
forget  all  about  it." 

Sir  Isaac  Coffin  married,  March  1811, 
Elizabeth  Browne,  only  child  of  W. 
Greenly,  esq.  of  Titley  Court,  Hereford- 
shire. She  died  not  long  before  her 
aged  partner,  on  the  27th  Jan.  1839, 
having  had  no  issue.  Previously  to  his 
marriage,  Sir  Isaac  obtained  the  royal 
permission  to  take  the  name  and  arms  of 
Greenly,  in  addition  to  his  own,  but  he 
relinquished  that  name  in  March  1813. 

He  was  possessed  of  considerable  es- 
tates in  the  Magdalene  Islands  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  He  had  crossed 
the  Atlantic,  on  service  or  pleasure,  no 
less  than  30  times. 

Maj.-Gi:n.  Sir  A.  Caldwell,  G.C.B. 

Dec,  (3.  At  his  house  in  Upper 
Berkeley-street,  ISIjijor- Gen.  Sir  Alex- 
ander Caldwell,  G.C.B.  senior  officer  of 
the  Bengal  Artillery. 

This  veteran  officer  was  appointed 
cadet  by  the  Court  of  Directors  in  1782, 
and  Lieut. -fireworker,  3rd  April  1783, 
when  he  joined  the  regiment  of  artillery  in 
Fort  William.  In  August,  in  the  fol- 
lowing year,  he  was  sent  down  to  Hid- 
gelee,  in  command  of  a  detachment  of 
/ourtetn  men,  to  search  for  deserters  on 


1840.] 


Obituary.— Mfl/or-C^.  Sir  A.  Caldwell,  G.C.B.        207 

mander.in -chief,  General  Harris,  and  in 
consequence  received  from  (rovemment 
the  full  pay  and  allowances  of  field  en. 
ginecr,  as  well  as  those  of  an  artillery 
officer. 

In  September  of  the  same  year,  he  was 
detached,  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
Desse,  to  the  attack  of  two  Poligar  forts, 
Cuptal  and  another.  At  Cuptal  he  led 
the  European  urtillery-men  up  to  the 
breach  with  a  loaded  6-pounder,  and  sua- 
tained  a  heavy  loss  of  killed  and  wounded, 
himself  receiving  a  severe  contusion  on 
his  right  shoulder.  He  returned  to  Ben- 
gal in  IBOO.  For  his  services  at  Seringa- 
patam,  9cc.  he  received,  from  the  chair- 
man of  the  Court  of  Directors,  the  Serin, 
gapatam  medal. 

Colonel  G.  Green,  the  commandant  of 
artillery,  on  receiving  the  rank  of  Major- 
General,  and  succeeding  to  the  staff  at  the 
presidency,  appointed  Captain  Caldwell 
his  aid.de-camp,  injustice  to  his  long  and 
meritorious  services,  and  particularly  for 
his  efficient  superintendence  of  the  in- 
struction of  a  large  number  of  cadets,  at 
a  time  when  a  scarcity  of  old  officers  with 
the  regiment  of  artillery  rendered  his 
professional  abilities  of  great  importance. 
On  Gen.  Green's  death,  in  1806,  he 
was  again  compelled  to  visit  Europe,  to 
recruit  his  health  after  a  severe  attack  of 
abscess  on  the  liver,  for  which  he  was 
cut,  and  from  which  he  recovered  to  the 
surprise  of  his  medical  attendants.  His 
residence  in  England  restored  him  suffi- 
ciently to  enable  him  to  return  to  Bengal 
in  18 10,  having  attained  the  rank  of  Major 
in  1H07. 

In  Feb.  1 81 1 ,  a  large  force  was  ordered 
to  proceed  to  Java,  under  the  command 
of  Lieut..  (leneral  Sir  Samuel  Auchmuty, 
when  Major  Caldwell  was  selected  by  the 
(^mmander.in -chief  in  India,  Lieut.- 
(}en.  Sir  George  Hewitt,  to  command 
the  artillery,  which  consisted  of  detach- 
ments from  the  Royal,  Bengal,  and  Ma- 
dras artillery.  The  Bengal  troops  em- 
barked at  ('alcutta  on  the  lath  March 
1811,  and  arrived  at  Malacca,  the  ap- 
pointed place  of  rendezvous  of  the  armv, 
on  the  27th  April,  whence  the  whole 
force  proceeded,  in  the  middle  of  June, 
to  Batavia.  The  brief  but  brilliant  cam- 
fwign,  which  deprived  the  Dutch  of  their 
colonics  in  Ja\'a,  commenced  on  the  4th 
Aug.  iHll,  when  the  troops  landed  at 
Chillifig  Sing,  near  Batavia.  The  Com- 
mander-in-chief left  to  Major  (^dwelPa 
judgment  both  the  number  of  light  field 
ordnance  to  be  landed,  and  their  dispoti- 
tion  on  the  advance  of  the  army.  The 
town  of  Batavia  surrendered  immediately 
on  the  advance  of  the  army  upon  Welter- 
vrecden,  and  after  the  atfair  at  the  latter 


board  vessels  lying  on  the  coast.  From 
the  unhealthiness  of  the  spot,  all  his  men 
but  five  were  dead  in  less  than  four 
months :  with  these  five  he  returned  to 
Calcutta,  where  he  alone  recovered  from 
the  fever  engendered  in  the  jungles. 

In  1787,  Lieut.  Caldwell  was  ordered 
to  Dacca,  with  a  detachment  of  artillery, 
consistin*,'  of  four  6-pnunders ;  but,  unable 
to  contend  longer  with  the  effects  of  the 
jungle  fever,  under  which  he  continued  to 
labour,  he  was  compelled  to  apply  for 
leave  to  proceed  to  England,  where  he 
arrived  in  August  1789.  He  received  the 
grade  of  Lieuteiiitnt  Nov.  2(),  17fK),  and 
early  in  1791  returned  to  India  ;  in  1792 
he  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the 
artillery  nt  Midnapore  ;  and  while  on  this 
command,  he  volunteered  his  services  to 
accompany  the  artillery  to  the  coast  of 
Coromandel,  under  Lord  Comwallis, 
whence  he  returned  to  Fort  William  on 
the  capture  of  Pondicheny. 

In  1 794  he  proceeded  from  Fort  Wil- 
liam to  the  field,  and  was  stationed  at 
Dinapore  and  Cawnpore  until  1796, 
when  he  returned  to  the  presidency,  at- 
taining the  rank  of  C^aptain  on  the  7th 
Jan.  In  the  same  year  he  marched  from 
Fort  William,  with  a  detachment  com- 
manded by  Col.  Hyndman,  to  Hyderabad, 
for  the  purpose  of  subjugating  a  French 
force  in  the  territoriesof  the  Nizam.  This 
service  iH'ing  eff<cted,  at  the  close  of  the 
year  1798,  Capt.  Caldwell  joined  the 
grand  army  under  Gen.  Harris,  and  served 
with  it  during  the  whole  of  the  war  in 
Mysore. 

In  .March  179fMie  commanded  a  brigade 
oi  six  guns  on  the  left  wing  of  the  grand 
army,  at    the  m>tion    of   Malavilly  with 
I'ippoo  Sultan;  and  in  April  of  the  same 
yi'ar  he  was  srh'cted  to  command  the  ar- 
tillery at    the   attack   of   the  entrenched 
lope,  near  Scringapatam,  on  the  morn- 
ing Col.  Arthur  Wellesley  (now  Duke  of 
Wellington)  ♦succeeded  atniinst  that  post, 
and  rec'eivcd  his  thanks.      He  served  in 
the  lotteries  during  the  whole  of  the  siege 
of  SHfinpipatarn,  and  was  present  at  the 
assault  and  »»iirrender  of  that   fortress  on 
the  kh  ot  May  WMK     After  its  fall,  he 
was  a|)pointed  to  the  command  of  the  ar- 
tillery forming  part  of  the  force  detached, 
under  (  oloiiel  Bowser,  for  the  reduction 
of  the  fortsof  (rurrumcondah  and  (rooty; 
and  during  the  siege  and  capture  of  these 
torts,  he  acted  as  field  engineer,  as  well 
as  ehie!    otfieer   of  artillery.      J(c   com- 
manded, the  storming  party  at  the  taking 
of  the   Pettah  of  (rooty,  where  he  had 
the  sole  charge  of  constructing  the  bat- 
teries and  other  works.     For  these  ser- 
vices he  received  the  thanks  of  Colonel 
Bowser,  and  the  approbation  of  the  Com- 


208    OBiTrARY.— Mr/or  WilUatn  Mackte. — Davies  Gilbert,  Esq.  (TPeb. 


place,  Major  Caldwell  was  constantly  oc- 
cupied in  Batavia,  in  expediting  the  land- 
ing  of  the  l)attering  ordnance  and  stores. 
Here  he  was  exposed  to  the  pestilential 
vapours  arising  from  the  swamps,  and  on 
the  18th  he  was  attacked  by  the  Batavian 
fever,  and  confined  for  a  week  in  the  hos. 
pital.  Although  emaciated  and  scarcely 
convalescent,  he  reported  himself  fit  for 
duty  on  the  morning  of  the  26th,  when  a 

feneral  attack  was  made  on  Cornells. 
iy  this  assault  this  strong-hold  of  the 
Dutch  was  gallantly  carried,  and  their 
ariny  completely  dispersed. 

On  the  3rd  of  Sept.  Major  Caldwell 
received  orders  to  embark  with  three 
companies  of  artillery  on  board  the  Corn, 
wall,  to  sail  round  to  Samarang,  and  upon 
the  loss  of  that  place  and  Oncrang,  Gen. 
Jansen  surrendered  the  island  into  the 
hands  of  Sir  Samuel  Auchmuty  on  the 
J  8th  of  the  same  month.  For  this  service 
he  received  another  medal. 

On  the  Ist  March  1812,  Major  Caldwell 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieut. - 
Colonel.  He  was  appointed,  in  July  that 
year,  to  command  the  artillery  in  the  field 
at  Agra,  and  for  his  services  there  he 
received  the  approbation  and  thanks  of 
the  Commander-in-chief,  Lieut.- Gen. 
Sir  George  Nugent,  in  general  orders. 

His  constitution,  shaken  as  it  had  been 
by  repeated  attacks  of  fever  and  liver 
complaint,  was  again  assailed  by  the  latter 
disorder;  and  as  the  disease  would  not 
yield  to  the  usual  medical  treatment,  he 
was  obliged  to  seek  relief  in  a  change  of 
climate,  and  to  proceed,  in  1815,  to  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  ultimately  to 
Europe. 

On  3rd  Feb.  1817,  he  received,  from 
his  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  Regent, 
the  Companionship  of  the  Bath. 

In  1819  he  once  more  returned  to  Ben- 
gal, when,  soon  after  his  arrival  in  CaU 
cutta,  he  succeeded,  by  the  death  of  Major- 
General  Grace,  to  the  pay  and  off-reckon- 
ings  of  a  regiment,  and  finally  returned  to 
£uropc  in  1821.  He  attained  the  brevet 
of  Colonel  in  1829,  and  that  of  Major- 
General  in  1837.  Immediately  after  the 
latter  brevet  the  Court  of  Directors  were 
pleased,  unsolicited  by  him,  to  recommend 
him  to  his  Majesty  William  IV.  as  an 
officer  deserving  the  distinction  uf  the 
second  class  of  the  Bath  ;  and  on  the  oc- 
casion of  the  last  coronation,  the  Court 
recommended  him  as  an  officer  deserving 
one  of  the  three  Extra  Grand  Crosses  of 
the  Bath  allotted  to  the  Company's  ser- 
vants ;  when,  on  the  18th  August  1838, 
he  received,  from  Her  Majesty's  hand, 
the  insignia  of  that  most  honourable  order. 
12  — — 


Major  William  Mackie,  K.H. 
(Continued  from  p.  110.> 

Major  Mackie  entered  the  army  in  the 
ye<ir  1806,  as  Ensign  in  the  88th  Regi- 
ment, which  he  accompanied  in  the  expe- 
dition  to  Buenos  Ayres  in  1807;  at  the 
attack  on  which  place  he  was  severely 
wounded.  In  1809  he  joined  the  army 
in  the  Peninsula  with  his  corps,  and  was 
present  in  almost  all  the  actions  in  Por- 
tugal and  Spain,  in  which  the  Third 
Division,  under  General  Picton,  was  en- 
gaged.  His  gallant  conduct  in  leading 
the  forlorn  hope  at  the  storming  of  the 
main  breach  of  Ciudad  Rodrigo,  being  at 
that  time  at  the  head  of  the  Lieutenants 
of  the  Regiment,  and  consequently  first 
for  promotion,  is  well  known  in  the  army. 
In  the  battles  of  Busaco  and  Salamanca, 
in  the  latter  of  which  he  acted  as  Aide- 
de-Camp  to  Brigadier.  General  Wallace, 
his  gallantry  was  also  conspicuous.  In 
brief,  throughout  the  entire  of  the  Penin- 
sular  struggle,  from  the  Tagus  to  the 
Pyrenees,  he  proved  himself  a  soldier  ot 
true  chivalric  bearing. 

In  1830,  after  having  been  some  years 
on  the  half-pay,  he  was  appointed  (as 
Captain^  to  the  94th  Regiment,  when  be 
obtainea  his  brevet  Majority ;  ^vas  after- 
wards presented  with  an  unattached  Ma* 
jority ;  and  lastly,  reappointed  to  the 
full  pay  of  his  old  corps,  the  88th, 
whence  he  sold  out  of  the  Army  in  1838. 

His  amiable  disposition,  and  high  and 
honourable  principles  and  feelings,  en. 
dcared  him  to  all  who  had  the  pleasure  of 
his  acquaintance  ;  and  the  firm  and  judi- 
cious manner  in  which  he  administered 
the  government  of  the  Gambia,  was  cal- 
culated to  have  produced  the  most  bene- 
ficial effects  on  that  settlement,  had  his 
life  been  spared. 


Davies  Gilbert,  Esq.  V.P.R.S. 

Dec.  24.  At  Eastbourne,  Sussex,  in 
his  73rd  year,  Davies  Gilbert,  esq.  D.  C.L, 
V.P.R.S.  President  of  the  Ueological 
Society  of  Cornwall,  F.S.A.  F.L.S. 
M.R.I.A.  Hon.  M.R.S.L.  F.G.S.  &c. 
&c. 

The  name  of  the  family  to  which  Mr. 
Gilbert  paternally  belonged  was  Giddy, 
one  of  great  antiquity  in  the  county  of 
Cornwall.  His  ancestors  were  long  seated 
at  Trebersy,  in  South  Petherwin.  Mr. 
John  Giddy,  the  grandfather  of  Mr.  Gil* 
bert,  resided  near  Truro,  and  had  two 
sons,  Edward  and  Thomas,  the  former 
in  the  church,  the  latter  settled  at  Pen- 
zance. They  were  educated  at  Truro 
school ;  and  Edward,  after  taking  his  de- 
grees at  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  was  or- 
dained to  ^e  curacy  of  St  Erth,  in  lus 


1840.]  Obituary.— Davfcj  Gilbert^  Eiq.  V.P.ILS.  Sfc. 


209 


native  county,  the  only  preferment  he  ever 
enjoyed.  Here  he  married  Catharine, 
dauRhttT  of  Mr.  John  Davies,  of  Tredrea, 
the  representative  of  several  old  Cornish 
houses,  and,  among  them,  of  that  of  Wil- 
liam Noye,  Attorney.gencral  in  the  reign 
of  Charles  the  First,  through  whose  mar- 
riage with  the  Hon.  Hester  Sandys,  the 
eldest  of  the  six  daughters  of  Henry  fifth 
Lord  Sandys,  and  sister  and  coheiress  of 
Kdwin  last  Lord  Sandys,  Mr.  D.  Gilbert 
was  the  eldest  hcir-general  of  the  ancient 
barony  of  Sandys  of  the  Vine. 

Mr.  Davies  Giddy  was  bom  at  St. 
Erth  in  March  1767.  the  only  child  of 
these  parents.  After  obtaining  the  rudi- 
ments of  learning,  partly  by  attendance  at 
a  grammar  school  in  Penzance,  but  mainly 
by  the  care  and  attention  of  bis  father 
under  the  paternal  roof,  he  proceeded  to 
Oxford,  and  was  admitted  as  a  Gentle- 
man Commoner  of  Pembroke  College,  on 
the  12th  of  April  1785. 

On  the  2«th  June,  1789,  Mr.  Giddy 
received  the  degreeof  Master  of  Arts  from 
the  University  of  Oxford.  After  quit- 
ting college,  his  time  was  not  dissipated  in 
idleness  or  pleasure.  His  principal  de- 
light lay  in  the  company  of  literary  men, 
and  he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal 
Society  Nov.  17,  1791.  Beside  this, 
his  eager  thirst  for  knowledge  led  him  to 
join  the  Linnvan  Society ;  and  he  was 
one  of  the  most  active  promoters  of  the 
institution  for  the  cultivation  of  geolo-^y 
and  mineralogy  in  his  native  county, 
founded  by  Dr.  Paris  at  Penzance  in 
1H1}<,  and  of  which  he  continued  Presi- 
dent from  ilK  foundation  to  his  deceu.oe, 
and  never  omitted  to  pay  an  annual  visit 
to  (  oriiwHll,  in  order  to  preside  at  its 
anniversary  meeting.  These  associations 
necessarily  extended  the  circle  of  his  ac- 
quaintance with  scientific  characters,  to 
many  of  whom  bis  fricndhhip  was  substan- 
tially l>enefirial. 

U'hiUt  at  Oxford  Mr.  Giddy  contracted 
an  intimacy  with  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Thomas  Beddo<*s,  after^\'ards  notorious 
for  his  democratical  outbreaks,  who,  in 
17<I2,  dedicated  to  Mr.  (iiddy  his  **  Ob. 
servations  on  the  nature  of  Demonstniiive 
Kvidencc,"  complimenting  him  on  the 
occasion  on  his  **  uncommon  proficiency 
in  mathematical  Kcience,  and  no  les»i  un- 
common diswriiment." 

Hut  much  more  memorable  is  the  part 
Mr.  (riddy  performed  in  bringing  lorth 
into  the  sunshine  of  public  encouiii^'i>- 
ment  the  talents  of  Sir  Humphry  I)..vy. 
Davy  first  attracted  his  attention  \s\i  n  .in 
apprenticf>  to  Mr.  Bingham  BorluM-,  a 
surgeon  and  apocherary  at  Penzance.  He 
admitted  him  to  the  use  of  an  excellent 
library,  introduced  him  to  Dr.  Edwards, 

Hkst.  M.^o.  Vol.  XIII. 


who  possessed  a  well -furnished  laboratory 
(where  he  first  beheld  instruments  which 
he  previously  knew  from  engravings  only) 
and  subsequently  brought  him  to  the 
notice  of  Dr.  Beddoes,  who  took  him  to 
his  newly  formed  institution  at  Bristql. 

Among  other  cultivators  of  science  to 
whose  advancement  also  Mr.  Giddy  ma- 
terially contributed,  were  the  Rev.  Mala- 
chi  Hitchins,  the  principal  calculator  of 
the  Nautical  Almanac,  and  the  Rev.  John 
Hellins,  for  many  years  assistant  to  Dr. 
Maskelyne,  both  of  whom  he  particuUrly 
noticed  in  his  address  to  the  Royal  Society 
in  1827. 

Mr.  Giddy  served  the  ofiice  of  High 
Sheriff  of  Cornwall  in    1792.     In  ]8(H, 
he  was  elected   to   Parliament    for  the 
borough  of  Helston;   and,  at  the  next 
election,  in   1806,  he  was  returned  for 
Bodmin,  which  place  he  continued  to  re- 
present till  la^.     As  a  senator,  Mr.  Gil- 
bert was  one  of  the  most  assiduous  that 
ever  sat  in  the  House  of  Commons,  and 
perhaps   unequalled  for  his   services  on 
Committees.     He  devoted  to  public  bu- 
siness  nearly  the  whole  of  his  time,  and 
was  very  remarkable  for  the  brief  period 
which  he  spent  in  rest.     The  numerous 
parliamentary  investigations  (particularly 
those  connected  with  the  arts  and  sciences) 
in  which  he  took  a  prominent  part,  will 
form  lasting  memorials  of  his  profound 
learning  and  indefatigable  perseverance  ; 
and  the  application  of  his  knowledge  to 
practical  purposes  was  attested  by  the  ac- 
tive interest  he  took  in  most  of  our  great 
national  works.     He  was  one  of  the  Com- 
missioners for  inquiry  into  the  ancient 
usages  and  customs  of  the  mines  of  Com. 
wall,  and  we  believe  he  was  also  one  of 
the  Commissioners  for  the  superintend- 
ance  of  the  Plymouth  Breakwater;  and 
we  must  not  omit   to  notice   the  great 
benefit  he  conferred  on  the  immediate  ri- 
cinity  of  his  own   residence  in  Sussex  by 
the  extensive  improvements  he  planned 
and  accomplished  in  the  levels  of  Peven- 
sey.     In    1811,  when  the  high  price  of 
gold,  as  a  marketable  commodity,   pro- 
duced an  ominous  effect  on  the  currency 
of  the  realm,  and  when  the  public  mind 
became  greatly  agitated  by  the  alleged  de- 
preciation of    bank    notes,    Mr.    Giddy 
printed  an  argumentative  tract,  entitled, 
**  A    Plain    Statement    of   the   Bullion 
Question;**  the  object  of  which  was  to 
allay  the  popular  terment.     There  were 
two  answers  to  this  pamphlet  written  by 
Samuel  BanfiU,  esq.  and  A.  W.  Ruther- 
ford, e^'q. 

On  the  I8th  of  April  1806,  Mr.  Giddy 
married  Mary  Anne,  only  daughter  and 
heiress  of  Thomas  Gilbert,  esq.  of  East- 
bourne, in  Sussex ;  and,  from  this  period, 

2£ 


210 


Obititary.— D/rt»iVfi  Gilb^t,  Esq.  V.P.  R.S.  8se.         [Feb. 


he  resided  at  Eastbourne,  when  not  in 
attendance  on  his  parliamentary  duties. 
The  property  had  lineally  descended  Ironi 
Thomas  (iildridge,  esq.  who  purchased  it 
irom  the  Karl  of  Rutland  in  155^.  Mr. 
Gilbert's  mansion,  which  is  situated  a 
short  distance  south  of  the  church,  was 
built  by  the  llev.Dr.  Lushington,  formerly 
vicar  of  the  parish,  and  is  a  substantial 
and  convenient  brick  edifice.  The  view 
from  it  is  remarkably  beautiful,  extending 
over  a  lawn  and  several  meadows,  finely 
wooded,  and  over  the  buildings  of  South- 
bourne  and  the  Sea  Houses,  taking  in  the 
whole  extent  of  Pevensey  Bay,  from 
Beachy  Head  to  Hastings. 

Mr.  Giddy  took  the  name  and  arms 
of  Gilbert  only,  pursuant  to  royal  sign 
manual,  dated  10th  Dec.  1817 ;  and  his 
children  did  the  same  by  a  second  sign 
manual,  dated  the  7th  of  January  follow- 
ing. 

On  the  death  of  Sir  Joseph  Banks  in 
1820,  when  Sir  Humphry  Davy  was 
elected  President  of  the  Royal  Society, 
his  friend  Mr.  Gilbert  accepted  the 
office  of  Treasurer.  Ill  health  having 
obliged  Sir  Humphry  to  quit  England 
early  in  1827,  Mr.  Gilbert  took  the  chair 
at  nearly  every  meeting  of  that  session ; 
and  when  a  continuance  of  the  same  in- 
disposition  induced  Sir  Humphry  to  retire, 
at  the  commencement  of  the  next  session, 
Mr.  Gilbert  was  chosen  President,  to  the 
great  satisfaction  of  the  body  at  large,  and 
i;specially  of  the  more  scientific  members, 
it  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  a  gentle- 
man so  highly  qualified  for  this  prominent 
station,  at  once  by  his  sound  and  extensive 
acquirements,  and  by  his  ample  fortune, 
should  have  wanted  the  other  requisites  of 
a  hospitable  town  mansion,  and  a  com- 
mandmg  decision  of  deportment,  which 
would  have  made  him  perhaps  the  best 
qualified  President  that  had  ever  sat  in 
the  chair  of  Newton.  However,  after  the 
experience  of  three  sessions,  the  uneasi- 
ness  which  he  felt,  arising  partly  from  his 
retiring  disposition,  and  partly  from  the 
cabals  of  some  discontented  members  then 
particularly  troublesome,  combining  with 
the  understood  ambition  of  his  Royal 
Highness  the  Duke  of  Sussex  to  appear 
at  the  head  of  British  science,  induced 
Mr.  Gilbert  to  retire  from  the  ofhce  in 
Nov.  1831.  He  continued  a  Vice-Pre- 
sident, and  still  occasionally  presided 
at  the  meetings  of  the  Society. 

In  1832  he  bad  the  degree  of  Doctor 
in  Civil  Law  conferred  upon  him,  by 
diploma,  the  highest  mark  of  distinction 
the  University  of  Oxford  can  Ix'stow; 
and  in  18.'i3,  when  the  members  of  the 
British  Association  assemUed  at  Cam- 


bridge, Mr.  Gilbert,  uith  serenl  oChcn 
of  the  illustrious  nsitora,  was  adfldtted 
ad  eundem  in  tliat  Univerntj. 

Mr.  Gilbert  was  elected  m  Fdloir  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  in  1890,  and 
he  promoted  historical  and  antiqitariaB 
researches  with  a  liberality  not  commoa 
among  the  lovers  of  the  pure  sdenees;  nor 
can  it  greatly  detract  from  the  bonour  doe 
to  him  from  the  antiquary,  that  his  ex- 
ertions in  this  respect  proceeded  etca 
more  from  a  patriotic  regard  to  the  good 
fame  of  his  native  county  than  fjpoai 
any  profound  personal  acquaintanee  with 
English  archeology. 

The  first  occasion  which  drew  forth 
this  spirit  was  the  production  of  Mr. 
Thomas  Bond's  '<  History  of  East  and 
West  Looe,**  which  Mr.  Gilbert  brought 
to  the  press  of  Messrs.  Nichols  in  the 
^ear  1^.  Mr.  Bond  was  a  gentleman  of 
independent  fortune,  who  died  in  Dec 
1838,  leaving  a  considerable  property  to 
Mr.  Gilbert,  who  communicated  a  brief 
memorial  of  him  to  our  Magazine,  vol.  IX. 
p.  G67.  In  this  case,  therefore,  Mr.  Gil- 
bert's interference  consisted  only  in  advice 
and  encouragement;  but  to  the  other 
works  whose  titles  we  shall  now  enu- 
merate, he  contributed  more  materiidly, 
both  with  his  pen  and  his  purse. 

In  1823  he  edited  '*  A  Collection  of 
Ancient  Christmas  Carols,  with  the 
tunes  to  which  they  were  formerly  aung 
in  the  West  of  England,"  8vo. 

In  1826,  *'  Mount  Calvary,  or  the 
History  of  the  Passion,  Death,  and 
Resurrection  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour 
Jesus  Christ;  written  in  Cornish,  and 
Interpreted  in  the  English  tongue,  by 
John  Keigwin,  gent,  in  l(j82." 

In  1827,  «  The  Creation  of  the  World, 
with  Noah's  Hood,  written  in  Corniah  in 
1611,  by  William  Jordan,  and  translated 
by  John  Keigwin.**  As  memoriala  of 
a  language,  of  which  too  little  has  been 
preser\'ed  for  the  sake  of  philology,  theae 
pieces  possess  very  considerable  value. 

In  1830  he  contributed  somecoUcctiona 
and  traditions  respecting  Sl  Neot,  and 
the  former  state  of  his  church,  to  a  quarto 
volume  of  plates,  representing  the  windows 
of  that  church  in  Cornwall,  then  recently 
repaired  by  Mr.  J.  P.  Hedgeland,  at  the 
eroense  of  the  Rev.  R.  G.  Grylls. 

But  Mr.  Gilbert's  last  and  most  im- 
portant contribution  to  Cornish  topo« 
graphy  was  his  edition  of  the  previously 
imperfectly  published  History  of  the 
County,  by  Hals,  with  additions  from 
the  MSS.  of  Tonkin  and  Whitaker,  and 
the  printed  HX)rks  of  Leland,  W.  de  Wor. 
cester,  Carew,  Lysont,  &c.  To  thk 
work,  which  is  amui^  in  the  alpha- 


1840.] 


Obituary. — Henry  Philip  Hope,  Esq. 


211 


betical  order  of  the  parishes,  Mr.  Gilbert 
added  something  under  every  place,  and 
occasionally  introduced  some  highly  inte- 
resting remarks  on  the  family  history  and 
biography  of  the  most  eminent  Cornish 
men,  and  especially  his  contemporaries  ; 
Dr.  Boase,  the  Secretary '  of  tne  Geo- 
logical Society  of  Cornwall,  contributing 
the  geology  of  each  parish.  It  was  pub- 
lished in  four  volumes  octavo,  1838,  and 
is  reviewed  in  our  vol.  IX.  p.  273. 

To  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  Mr, 
(lilbert  communicated  in  1813  an  account 
of  the  opening  of  a  Barrow  at  Berling, 
near  Eastbourne,  printed  in  the  Archseo- 
logia,  vol.  xvii.  p.  338. 

In  the  Philosophical  Transactions  there 
are  communications  from  Mr.  Gilbert, 
on  the  Catenary  Curve,  accompanied  by 
extensive  tables  for  constructing  the 
Menai  bridge ;  a  second  on  Steam  En- 
gines ;  and  a  third  on  the  nature  of 
Imaginary  Curves.  The  Journal  of  the 
Kuyal  Institution  contains  several  of  his 
papers,  and  one  of  considerable  length  on 
the  Vibration  of  Pendulums.  During  the 
la>t  ten  years,  Mr.  Gilbert  kept  a  small 
printing-press  in  his  house  at  Eastbourne, 
with  the  productions  of  which  he  occa- 
>ionaIly  amused  himself  and  friends,  but 
we  believe  never  printed  anything  of 
much  length. 

Mr.  Gilbert's  character  has  thus  been 
described: — "The  Roman  simplicity 
which  marked  his  demeanour,  was,  in 
it^elt',  a  perpetual  letter  of  recommenda- 
tion to  the  intelligent  observer  of  roan- 
kind  ;  and  the  sense  of  that  was  height- 
ened by  further  intercourse,  which 
developed  his  English  and  gentlemanlike 
eourtesy,  his  kind  and  affable  attention, 
and  his  various  and  profound  attainments. 
1 1  was,  indeed,  delightful  to  contemplate 
>ueh  qualities  reposing  so  quietly  within 
the  calm  mind  of  their  possessor  ;  like  the 
treasure-mines  of  his  native  county, 
without  a  sign  upon  the  surface  to  tell 
where  their  exhaustless  wealth  existed. 
And  he  must  have  been  able  to  dig  deeply 
who  could  have  explored  the  stores  of 
knowledge  in  all  the  exact  sciences  which 
were  there  to  be  found  ;  for  Mr.  Gilbert 
was  confessed  to  be  at  the  very  head  of 
those  whose  application  to  the  more  ab- 
struse branches  of  learning  have  been 
crowned  with  the  greatest  success.  He 
communicated  largely  to  the  wants  of 
others  from  his  own  great  stores  of 
knowledge,  and  shone  more  by  those  re- 
flected lights  than  by  the  direct  difTusioii 
ot  his  rays." 

His  marriage  alrea<ly  noticed  was  pro- 
ductive of  two  sons  and  four  daughters, 
of  \^  horn  the  eldest  son,  named  Charles 
Davics,  died  in  1813|  aged  three  years. 


His  eldest  daughter,  Catharine,  was  mar- 
ried in  1834  to  John  Samuel  Enys,  of 
Enys,  in  the  parish  of  Gluvias,  Cornwall. 
He  leaves  one  son,  John  Davies  Gilbert, 
esq.  formerly  a  Gentleman  Commoner  of 
Pembroke  College,  Oxford,  and  an  Hono- 
raryM.A.,  25th  May,  1831.  The  fune- 
ral of  Mr.  Gilbert  took  place  on  Monday, 
Dec.  29,  in  the  chapel  appropriated  to 
the  interments  of  the  Gildridges  and 
Gilberts,  north  of  the  chancel  of  East- 
bourne church.  His  body  was  carried  from 
his  own  residence  to  the  grave  by  la- 
bourers, and  the  whole  of  his  family,  with 
Mrs.  Gilbert,  as  chief  mourner,  walked 
behind  the  coffin  to  the  place  of  inter- 
ment. 

A  very  excellent  portrait  of  Mr.  Gilbert 
was  painted  by  Henry  Howard,  esq.  R.A. 
from  which  there  is  a  large  engraving 
mezzotinted  by  Samuel  Cousins  (inserted 
in  Horsefield's  History  of  Sussex,  4to. 
1835) ;  and  two  octavo  plates,  one  by 
Thomson,  published  in  the  Imperial 
Magazine  for  July  1828,  and  another  by 
the  same  engraver  in  Fisher's  National 
Portrait  Gallery,  1830.  Of  these,  how- 
ever, the  second  is  decidedly  the  best 
likeness,  and,  indeed,  is  one  of  the  closest 
resemblances  with  which  we  are  acquaint- 
ed. In  1833  Mr.  Gilbert  sut  for  his  por- 
trait to  Thomas  Phillips,  esq.  R.A.  at 
the  request  of  several  members  of  the 
Royal  Society ;  and  on  the  9th  Jan. 
18^  he  presented  the  picture  to  the  So- 
ciety. On  the  same  evening  his  son  was 
pro{)Osed  as  a  Fellow,  and  he  was  elected 
on  the  10th  of  April  following. 


Henhy  Philip  Hope,  Esq. 

Dec.  5.  At  Bedgbury  Park,  Kent, 
the  seat  of  Lord  Viscount  Beresford, 
Henry  Philip  Hope,  esq.  of  Arklow 
House. 

Like  his  brother,  the  late  Thomas 
Hope,  esq.  he  was  remarkable  for  his 
highly  cultivated  mind,  and  his  just  and 
elegant  taste  in  the  Fine  Arts.  In  hiu 
youth  he  had  visited  every  part  of  Eu- 
rope, and  \'arious  portions  of  Asia,  fmr- 
ticularly  Turkey.  He  was  conversant 
with  and  s|)oke  seven  different  languages, 
and  maintained  an  extensive  correspond- 
ence with  learned  men  in  all  parts  of 
Europe.  He  had  formed  one  of  the  most 
perfect  collections  of  diamonds  and  pre- 
cious stones  that  has,  perha|>s,  been  ever 
possessed  by  a  private  individual :  it  is 
valued  at  150,000/.  Although  possessed 
of  an  (ample  fortune,  his  habits  were  of 
the  most  simple  and  unostentatious  na- 
ture ;  he  seemed  to  regard  wealth  only  as 
the  means  of  doing  good.  A  few  yeart 
ago  be  inherited,  upon  the  death  of  § 


212  Obituaby. — L,  C.  DaubuM,  Esq.-^Francii  Const,  Esq*      [Feb* 


relative,  a  large  fortune,  which  he  divided 
at  once  with  his  nephews.  He  was  a 
principal  contributor  to  all  the  public 
charities  of  the  metropolis ;  and  he  dis- 
tributed annually  in  private  charity  many 
thousands. 

It  is  said  that  Mr.  Philip  Hope  has 
left  to  each  of  his  three  nephews  30,000/. 
a-year.  His  valuable  collection  of  books 
was  bequeathed  to  Mr.  Hope,  the  M.P. 
for  Gloucester,  and  the  remainder  of  bis 
personal  property  to  the  other  two 
nephews.  His  funeral  took  place  at  the 
family  mausoleum  at  the  Deepdene  near 
Dorking,  on  the  Hth  Dec. 

Lewis  Charles  Daubuz,  Esq. 

Dec,  15.  At  his  seat,  Leyton,  in 
Essex,  in  the  85th  year  of  his  age,  Lewis 
Charles  Daubuz,  esq. 

The  greater  part  of  his  long  and  useful 
life  was  spent  in  Truro,  where  he  must 
have  resided  not  less  than  half  a  century ; 
but  his  birth-place  we  believe  was  Fal- 
mouth.    Not  many  years  since  he  suc- 
ceeded to  a  large  property,  by  the  will  of 
his  younger  brother,  John  Daubuz,  esq. 
who,   dying  a  bachelor,  bequeathed  his 
mansion  and  estate  of  Leyton,   to  his 
second  sister,  the  late  Miss  Anne  Dau- 
buz, for  her  life;  a  large  freehold  pro- 
perty, with  a  handsome  country  residence 
in  Sussex,  to  his  eldest  nephew,  James 
Daubuz,  esq.  and  the  great  bulk  of  his 
chattel   property,   with  the  reversion  of 
Leyton,  to  the  gentleman  now  deceased. 
When   Mr.    Daubuz  quitted  Truro  for 
Leyton,  some  time  after  the  death  of  his 
sister   Miss    Anne    Daubuz,    the    most 
sincere  and  general  regret  was  expressed 
by  the  inhabitants, — for  at  the  age  of  more 
than  fourscore  years  he  retained  no  small 
remains  of  the  energy  and  sprightliness  of 
youth  ;  and  all  classes  were  fully  sensible 
of  the  great  loss  they  were  about  to  sus- 
tain.    In  person   he   so    remarkably  re- 
sembled the  Duke  of  Wellington,  that  he 
was  often,  when  among  strangers,  mis- 
taken for  His  Grace,  whom  he  likewise, 
in  a  different  sphere,   no  less  resembled 
in  loyalty  and  devotion  to  his  country. 
Connected  extensively  in  business,  from 
early  life,   with  distant  quarters  of  the 
^lobe,  he  possessed  the  means  of  better 
information  than  most  men  ;  and  few  have 
brought  a  sounder  judgment  to  bear  u|>on 
the  various  interests,  whether  political  or 
commercial,  of  the  British  empire.    In  his 
intertrourse  with  the  private  circle  of  his 
friends,  he  was   uniformly  cheerful  and 
comnmnicative:  he  was  the  active  pro- 
moter   of   every   Institution    which   he 
deemed  for  the  benefit  of  society,  particu- 
larly of  those  established  for  the  propaga- 
tion of  sound  religion ;  and,  in  addition  to 


his  liberal  subscription  tomibliediuidef« 
he  was  the  never-failing  niend,  prifttely 
and  unostentatiously,  of  the  fatfaentti  wad 
widows  in  their  affliction;  bewMWorthj, 
in  short,  of  the  stock  from  whence  be 
sprang,  which  was  that  of  a  French  Pro- 
testant family  of  great  respectability^  wbo 
were  cruelly  compelled,  with  tbonaawda  of 
sufferers  in  the  same  righteous  cause,  to 
quit  their  native  country,  on  the  perfidi- 
ous revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  by 
that  haughty  and  bigoted  tyrant,  Lotus 
the  Fourteenth.  The  Rev.  Gbarict 
Daubuz,  Vicar  of  Brotherton,  Chesbireb 
and  author  of  a  learned  dissertation  on  the 
Prophecies,  was,  we  believe,  Mr.  Dau- 
buz's  grandfather ;  his  great  work  is  stfll 
appealed  to  as  of  high  authority,  and  be  is 
quoted  by  D'Oyley  and  Mant,  as  ainoiig 
the  eminent  commentators  on  the  Bible. 
Mr.  Daubuz  married  ^Vilmot,  the  voun^ett 
but  one  of  the  five  extraordinarily  beautUnl 
daughters  of  William  ArundeU  Harris, 
esq.  of  Keneggie,  near  Penzance,  grand- 
father of  the  present  Mr.  ArundeU,  of 
Lifton  Park, — this  most  charitable  and 
amiable  lady  died  at  Truro  many  yean 
since.  His  eldest  sister,  Mrs.  Magdalen 
Daubuz,  is  still  living  in  the  neigbbonr- 
hood  of  Leyton,  full  of  years  and  good 
deeds.  Mr.  Daubuz  has  also  left  behind 
him  four  sons  and  two  daughters,  with 
several  grandchildren. 

Francis  Const,  Esq. 

Dec.  16.  At  Kickmansworth.  aged 
8S,  Francis  ("oust,  esq.  formerly  Cbur- 
man  of  the  Middlesex  and  Westminster 
Sessions. 

Mr.  Const  was  called  to  the  bar  «t  the 
Middle  Temple,  Feb.  7,  1783.  He  was 
in  his  youth  much  attached  to  the  drama 
and  its  professors,  and  was  the  author  of 
some  prologues  and  epilogues.  Hender- 
son, John  Kemble,  Stephen  Storace, 
Twiss,  Porson,  and  Dr.  Bumey,  Fred. 
Reynolds,  Thomas  Morton,  Sheridan, 
and  Harris,  were  his  convivial  companions 
and  friends.  He  will  be  remembered, 
however,  as  the  editor  of  several  editions 
of  "  Bott's  Poor  Laws,**  and  as  Chairman 
of  the  Middlesex  magistrates  and  the 
Westminster  sessions.  The  latter  situa- 
tion Mr.  Const  held  up  to  his  death ; 
the  former  he  resigned  some  years  ago. 

His  body  was  buried  in  the  Cemetery 
at  Kensall-green.  He  has  left  behind 
him  upwards  of  one  hundred  and  fifty 
thousand  pounds,  a  large  portion  of  wbicb 
was  acquired  by  great  parsimony  and 
extensive  speculations  in  early  life.  He 
has  left  to  numerous  friends  legacies  of 
1000/.  each. 


\ 


1840.J  Obitvavly. --Robert  Belt,  Esq.^William  Hilion,  Esq.  R.J.  213 


Robert  Beit,  Esq. 

Dec.  22.  At  Tunbridge  AVells,  aged 
fwi,  RolHjrt  Belt,  esq.,  of  the  Inner 
Temple,  Barrister-at-law,  and  of  Bossall 
lluusts  near  York. 

The  family  of  Belt  is  one  of  the  most 
ancient  now  existing  in   the  county   of 
York.     It    is   supposed    to  have    come 
originally  from  Lombardy,  but    can    be 
traced  in  Yorkshire  as  far  back  as   13H7. 
Many  notices  of  the  loyalty  of  the  family, 
from  the  reign  of  Queen  Klizabeth  down- 
wards, are  recorded  by  Mr.  Drake,  in  his 
History  of  York,  in  which  city   Sir  Ro- 
bert   Belt,   and    other  members  of   the 
family,    filled    the    offices  of  Recorder, 
ShtTitf,  and   Lord  Mayor.      The  liouse 
at  Bossall  is  within  a  pleasure-ground  of 
about  two  acres,  surrounded  by  a  moat.* 
l/pon  this,  their  paternal  seat,  have  the 
successive  heads  of  the  elder  branch  of 
the  Belt  family  lived,  died,  and  been  in- 
terred. 

The  late   Robert  Belt,   esq.,  was  the 
oldest  son  of  Robert  Bell,  esq.,  of  Bos- 
sall (who  was  many  years  (Herk  in  Court 
of  the   (yourt  of  King's  Bench,     which 
office  is  now  held  by  his  youngest  son, 
Wm.    Belt,   esq.)     He  was  culled  to  the 
bar  at  the  Inner  Temple,   Feb.  o,    1802; 
aud  practised    some   years  as  an  equity 
drafisinan,  but  his  mild  and  aiiiable  spirit 
was  ill  huited  to  make  great  progress  at 
the  Uir.     His  knowledge  of  the  law  vi'as, 
however,    evinced   by   some  useful   pro- 
kssional    publications,   particularly,  **  A 
Supplement  to  the  Re(>ort8  in   ('hancery 
of  Francis    Vesey,  senior,     E8(|,,    Bar- 
li^ter-at-luw,  and  late  one  of  the  Masters 
ot  the  Hi^h  Court  of  Chancery  in  Ireland, 
during  the  time  of  Lord  Chancellor  Uard- 
ui<'ke;  comjiriiiing  (-urrections  of  State- 
ment, and   KxtractH  of  the  Decrees  and 
Orders  from  the  Registrar's  Hooks,  iititc- 
rences    to   the   Cases  cited,    subseciuent 
Determinations  on  the    several    Points, 
M)nie  Majiuscript   Cases,   New  Marginal 
Notes,  and  a  copious  Index."    This  work 
was  so  highly  thought  of  by  the  late  lx>rd 
Kldon,  that  he  determined  it  should   "  be 
u  gilt  from   hiuisell  to  the    profession." 
I'rom  his  lordnhip's  liU'i-alily  the  publi- 
cation was  therelore  produced,  and  it  is 
dedicated  to  him  in  a  grateful  struin. 

Lord  (Miancellor  Kldon  afterwards  ap- 
(Miiiited  Mr.  Belt  a  Commis.Hionrr  of 
iiankrupts,  an  office  he  held  till  the  re- 
modelling of  that  Court  in  iK'Jl. 

Mr.  Belt  was  twice  married;  1st,  in 
Ihl'i,  to  Mar)',  daughter  of  Bryan  Trough- 
ton,  esq.  of  Overton,  Hants,  by  whom 

*  A  view  of  it  is  given  in  our  Maga- 
xiuc  for  June  1823,  p.  189 ;  and  a  curious 
lucdal  found  tbexe  in  Oct.  1&23,  p.  306. 


he  had  four  sons  and  two  daughters,  of 
whom  three  sons  and  one  daughter  are 
now  living ;  and,  2dly,  in  1824^  to  Mar. 
garet,  daughter  of  Peter  Gordon,  esq.,  of 
Islington,  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  by 
whom  he  has  left  one  son  and  two  daugh- 
ters. 


WiLi.iAM  Hilton,  Esq.  R.A. 

Dec.  30.  At  the  house  of  his  brother- 
in-law,  Mr.  Peter  De  Wint,  the  able 
water-colourist,  aged  53,  William  Hilton, 
Esq.  R.A.  Keeiierof  the  Royal  Academy. 

Mr.  Hilton  was  a  native  of  Lincoln.  In 
their  youth,  he  and  Mr.  De  Wint  were 
])laced  with  Mr.  John  Raphael  Smith,  the 
mezzotinto  engraver  and  crayon-painter 
(then  residing  in  King   Street,  Covent 
Oarden)  ;  a  man,  in  every  respect,  of  ex- 
traordinary talent,  and  admirably  qualified 
to  imbue  a  pupil  with  a  true  artist's  feel- 
ing.    Young  Hilton  also  diligently  at- 
tended the  Schools  of  the  Royal   Aca- 
demy,   studied  anatomy,   and   rendered 
himself  completely  master  of  the  human 
figure.     The  effect  of  all  this  preparation 
was  abundantly  manifest  in   his  subse- 
quent works,  which  were  distinguished 
by  their  correctness  as  well  as  by  their 
beauty.     His  **  Triumphal  Entry  of  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  into  Madrid  **  was  a 
most  animated  and  charming  performance, 
worthy  of  Rubens,  of  whose  gorgeous  and 
afiluent  style  it  instantly  reminded  the 
spectator.     His  **  Comus,"and  bis  <*  Ju- 
piter and   Euro{Mi,'*  were   likewise    re- 
markably fine  compositions.     Scriptural 
subjecti>,  however,  seemed  to  be  Mr.  Hil- 
ton's favourites.     Some  of  them  stand  as 
public   monuments — the     **    Magdalene 
washing   (-hrist'a  feet'*  in  London,  the 
"  Crucilixiun*'  at  Liverpool,  the  **  Laza- 
rus'* at  Newark.     A  work  of  fine  colour 
and  eifect,  the  "  Crowning  with  Thorns," 
was  exhibited  in   I82j^  presented  by  the 
British     Instituti(m    in     1827,    to    St. 
Peter's  church,    Pimlico.     Perhaps   his 
niasteq)iece  in    that  department  of  the 
art  was   *'  The     Angel    releasing  Saint 
i*etcr    from     Prison,"     which    remaina 
at    his    own    a}Nirtments,     with     '*  Sir 
Calepine,"  ^c.    His  *•*  Monks  finding  the 
bodv  of  Harold,"  and  '*  Rebecca  at  the 
Well,"    are    in    the  collection    of    Mr. 
Vernon.     .Mr.  Hilton  was  both  a  skilful 
designer,  and  a  hUi>erior  colourist.     Hig 
"  Kuropa,"    **  Anipiiitrite,'*    and  other 
works,   evince   this   latter  quality  to   a 
pre-einincnt   degree.     Among    his   later 
productions,  were  the  **  Infant  Warrior,'* 
exhibited  in  iK'Ki,  and  the  ''  Murder  of  the 
Innocents,*'  in  1838. 

His  fancy  naturally  took  the  direction  of 
the  pictuiesque  ideal ;  which  is  proved  by 
his  choice  of  buch  subjects  aa  the  *<  Kapt 


214      Obituary.'— FT.  Hilton,  Esq.  R,A.^Mr.  Joseph  Allen*    [Feb. 

of  Proserpine,*'  the  **  Rape  of  Ganymede," 
*•  Hebe,  "  •'  Una,  "  &c.  One  great 
merit  his  pictures  possess,  and  it  stamps 
the  sterling  quality  of  his  art,  is  the  har- 
mony of  thought  that  pervades  his  works ; 
where  the  expression  of  character  or  emo- 
tion falls  short  of  due  intensity,  there  is  a 
unity  of  purpose  manifest  in  the  whole, 
that  produces  an  impression  of  accordance 
with  the  subject,  if  not  fully  adequate  to 
its  demands;  an  excellence  that  attests 
the  presence  of  the  salt  of  art — earnest- 
ness of  intention.  There  is  no  imperti- 
nent display  of  dexterity  or  mannerism 
in  the  paintings  of  Hilton :  the  subject 
predominates,  not  the  execution. 

Fewer  of  Hilton's  pictures  have  been 
engraved  than  of  most  artists  of  celebrity; 
but  he  was  no  trader  carrying  his  wares  to 
market,  and  their  unobtrusive  merits  were 
not  recognised  as  they  deserved  either  by 
the  public  or  the  publishers — we  hardly 
know  of  one  fine  print  from  a  large  pic- 
ture of  his.  Early  in  his  career  he  made 
a  set  of  beautiful  designs  for  an  edition  of 
the  «  Mirror"  and  «  Citizen  of  the  Worid," 
published  by  Taylor  and  Hessey;  for 
which  firm  also  he  sketched  the  pretty 
frontispieces  to  Miss  Taylor's  stories : 
the  last  are  sepia  drawings,  and,  slight  as 
they  are,  betray  a  graceful  style;  but  the 
first-mentioned  are  exquisitely  finished 
oil-paintings,  in  which  character  is  well 
developed ;  the  illustrations  of  Macken- 
zie's stories  in  the  "  Mirror'*  express  the 
pathos  of  the  author  with  sympathetic 
feeling.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  Hil- 
ton's talents  as  a  designer  were  not  more 
frequently  exercised  on  *♦  book  illustra- 
tions;" a  humble  sphere  for  the  display 
of  talent,  but  one  in  which  Stothara — a 
kindred  spirit  with  the  greatest  geniuses 
—earned  his  best  laurels.  Though  Hil- 
ton declined  painting  portraits  as  a  pro. 
fession,  his  friends — in  particular,  Mr. 
Taylor  the  publisher — possess  some  ad- 
mirable likenesses  by  him;  among  the 
most  remarkable,  arc  the  portraits  of  two 
young  poets,  John  Keats  and  John  Clare ; 
in  which  the  intellectual  expression  of  the 
individuals  is  depicted  with  lively  truth. 

Mr.  Hilton,  who  had  previously  been 
made  an  Associate,  was  elected  a  lloyal 
Academician  in  1820,  when  his  presenta- 
tion picture  was  "  Ganymede."  He  suc- 
ceeded Mr.  Fuseli  as  the  Keeper  of  the 
Royal  Academy.  One  of  the  principal  du- 
ties of  the  Keeper  is  to  superintend  and 
direct  the  students  in  what  is  culled  the 
Antique  Academy;  andsosatisfactoriiydid 
Air.  Hilton  perform  the  functions  of  his 
office,th<it,abuut  four  yea  rsago,thestudents 
subscribed  for  a  handsome  piece  of  plate, 
and  presented  it  to  him  as  a  mark  of  their 
Fespect  and  affection*    His  death  was  oc- 


casioned by  an  asthma,  and  by  the 
strength  of  his  affections;  for  be  never 
recovered  the  loss  of  a  beloved  wife 
(the  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Geoige  Davis 
Kent,  of  Lincoln)  some  years  since. 
Though  his  frame  was  attenuated  by 
sickness  and  sorrow,  he  retained  toe 
lustre  of  genius  in  his  eye,  and  its 
brightness  on  his  expansive  forehead, 
to  the  last.  His  manners  were  singulsrly 
amiable  and  pleasing ;  and  be  has  died  re* 
gretted,  respected,bnd  admired,  by  all  who 
could  appreciate  mental  and  moral  excel* 
lence  in  union. 

Mr.  Hilton's  funeral  took  place  in  the 
church -yard  of  the  Savoy  on  the  7th  of 
January.     He  had  left  no  children. 

Mr.  De  Wint  possesses  many  of  his 
drawings,  exquisite  for  their  grace  and 
poetic  conception. 

Mr.  Joseph  Allen. 

Nov.  19.  At  Erdington,  Warwick- 
shire, aged  70,  Mr.  Joseph  Allen,  histo- 
rical and  portrait  painter. 

Mr.  Allen  was  the  son  of  an  intelli. 
gent  and  respectable  mathematical  and 
optical  instrument-maker  in  Birmingham. 
At  the  period  of  his    boyhood,    among 
the  fashionable  productions  of  that  town 
were  lar^e  teaboards,  trays,  &c.  on  which 
were  painted  elaborate  copies,  many  of 
them  executed  with  much  skill,  of  '*  The 
Death  of  Wolfe,"  "  The  Battle  of   La 
Hogue,"  *<  The    loss  of  the  Halsewell 
East  Indiaman,"  and   similar   sulijects. 
Young    Allen    was    engaged  for   some 
years  in  a  manufactory  of  those  articles ; 
anxious,  however,  to  devote  himself  to  a 
more  refined  pursuit   of  the  fine  arts, 
he  repaired  to  London,  and  became  a  stu- 
dent at  the  Royal  Academy,  where  he 
>vas  distinguished  bv  the  correctness  of 
his  eye  and  the  facility  of  his  hand,  and 
obtained  the  silver  medal  for  the  best 
drawing  of  a  figure  from  the  life.  Having 
thus  laid  the  only  sound  foundation  of 
eminence  in  his  profession,  he   endea- 
voured to  obtain  employment  as  an  his- 
torical  painter;     but,  like   many   other 
young  artists  of  talent,  was  soon  com- 
pelled to  descend  to  portrait-painting,  in 
which  department  of  the  arts  he  laboured 
for  a  considerable  time  with  but  scanty 
encouragement.     At  length,  a  gentleman 
from  North   Wales,  happening  to  sit  to 
him,  wiis  so  pleased  with  the  result,  that 
he  persuaded  him  to  visit  Wrexham ;  and, 
being  introduced  to  the  principal  families 
ill    that   town  and   neighbourhood,    Mr. 
Allen  speedily  found  himself  in  extensive 
and  lucrative  ])ractice.     In  this  vicinity, 
occasionally  making  excursions  to  Man. 
Chester,  Prei^ton,  Lancaster,  Kendal,  and 
other  placf^s  in  the  north  of  JBngland,  ho 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


215 


lived    for    several  years    respected    and 
happy.     Ambition,  however,  "  that  last 
infirmity  of  noble  minds"  seduced  him  to 
try  his  fortune  again  in  the  metropolis  ; 
and  he  took  the  house  in  Caroline  Street, 
Bedford  Square,  which  had  been  formerly 
occupied   by  Mr.  Abbot.     The  experi- 
ment proved  a  failure.     In  the  country 
Mr.  Allen  had  no  equal,  in  London  he 
had  several  superiors ;  added  to  which,  he 
was  too  modest  and  honourable  a  man  to 
have  recourse  to  any  of  those  petty  artifi- 
ces which  are  frequent  ingredients  in  pro- 
fessional success.     During  this  arduous 
struggle,    Mr.    Allen    produced    several 
works  which  did  him  high  credit,  especi- 
ally  a  study  from  an  old  woman's  head ; 
which,  under  the  title  of  '*  Resignation,'* 
>vas  exhibited  at  Somerset   House,  and 
excited  universal  admiration.*     Even  his 
most  ordinary   portrait    bad    that  in    it 
which  shewed  that  it  was  the  perfomaance 
of  no  vulgar  pencil.     Finding,  however, 
that  he  could  not  cope  with  such  power- 
ful competitors  as  Lawrence,   Beechey, 
Phillips,    Shee,    Owen,   &c.   he   wisely 
broke  up  his  town  establishment,  and  re- 
turned to  that  provincial  district  in  which 
he  was  lord  of  the  ascendant.    As  old  age 
advanced,  Mr.  Allen  moderated  his  profes- 
sional exertions ;  until,  eventually,  being 
in   ejisy    although   not    affluent   circum- 
stances, he  retired  to  Erdington,  a  small 
village  near  Birmingham,  and  there,  in  a 
ci)ttage  which  he  inhabited  jointly  with 
his  two  sisters,  he  spent  the  remainder  of 
his   days  in  a    truly  philosophical  and 
( Christian  spirit  and  manner. 

For  above  two  years  his  health  had 
been  gradually  decaying,  his  head  reclin- 
ing on  one  side,  and  his  speech  was  not 
easily  intelligible,  but  his  mind  was  per- 
fectly  clear  until  within  a  short  period  of 
his  decease.  His  whole  appearance  was 
that  of  one  ripe  for  the  great  change 
which  the  course  of  his  reading,  and  the 
frame  of  his  disposition,  had  led  him  pa- 
tiently and  humbly  to  contemplate.  The 
Any  l)efore  his  death  was  a  day  of  severe 
suffering,  but  he  expired  in  the  arms  of 
his  sister,  Miss  Allen,  without  a  sigh. 
His  remains  were  interred  in  the  burying- 
ground  of  a  neighbouring  chapel,  to  the 
erection  of  which  he  had  been  a  liberml 
contributor ;  and  never  did  the  grave  close 
over  a  man  of  greater  kindness,  firm- 
ness, independence,  and  integrity. 

{Lit,  Gazette.)  W.  H.  W. 

[Ournotieee  qf  Clergymen  recently  de- 
ceoied  are  neeetearily  pottponed  frum 
want  qfepaee.] 

"^  This  fine  picture  is,  we  believe,  i** 
the  possetdoQ  of  Mr.  Cooke,  of  Hous* 
ton,  in  Yorkthire. 


DEATHS. 

LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINITY. 


Dec,  4.  At  Islington,  aged  84>,  Richard 
Dorrill,  esq.  retired  Commander  R.N. 
(1814). 

Dec.  G.  In  Devonshire-street,  in  her 
82d  year.  Miss  Lee. 

Dec,  8.  At  the  house  of  William  Delves, 
esq.  Avenue-road,  Regent's  Park,  aged 
65,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Bishop,  relict  of  the 
Rev.  Henry  Bishop,  Rector  of  Ticehurst, 
Sussex. 

In  Cumberland. St.  in  her  80th  year, 
Charlotte,  relict  of  Adm.  John  Leigh 
Douglas. 

Dec,  10.  At  Broropton -crescent,  Elea- 
nor, relict  of  Walter  Hebden,  esq.  of 
Stockwell. 

Dec,  11.  At  Judd-st,  aged  80,  Thomas 
Pickstone,  esq. 

Dec,  13.  Aged  76,  William  Comerford 
Clarkson,  esq.  of  Doctors*  (Emmons. 

Dec,  14.  At  Peckham,  Elizabeth,  wife 
of  George  Hull,  esq.  M.D. 

Dec,  15.  At  Hammersmith,  aged  87, 
John  Christopher  Weltje,  esq. 

Dec.  18.  In  her  80th  year,  Mrs.  Mary 
Magdalen  Richardson,  daughter  of  the 
late  Rev.  Andrew  Porbil,  M.A.  Vicar  of 
St.  Helen's,  Abingdon,  and  wife  of  Mr. 
James  Richardson,  of  Walworth. 

Dec.  19.  In  John-st.  Bedford-row, aged 
71,  at  the  house  of  her  son  in-law,  Mr. 
Edward  Laforest,  Charlotte,  relict  of 
Robt.  Carew,  esq.  of  the  New  Kent-road. 
Dec.  22.  At  Dulwich,  in  her  65th  year, 
Penelope,  wife  of  Charles  Clarke,  esq. 

In  Portland-place,  at  an  advanced  age, 
Anthony  Brough,  esq.  many  yean  a 
merchant  of  London,  and  an  inhamtant  of 
Clapham,  Surrey.  He  married  an  only 
dau.  of  — —  Avery,  esq.  formerly  of 
Bride-lane,  Fleet-street;  but  they  bad 
no  family. 

At  St.  George*8  Parsonage,  Battersea- 
fields,  Caroline,  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Q. 
Weddell. 

In  Devonshire-st.  PortUmd-place,  Je- 
netta,  relict  of  James  Jackson,  esq.  of  the 
IsUnd  of  St.  Vincent,  and  Bellevue, 
Southampton. 

Dec,  24.  In  Great  George-st.  Sarah, 
wife  of  (/barles  Lushington,  esq.  M.P. 
for  Ashburton.  She  was  the  dau.  of 
Lieut.- Col.  Joseph  Gascoyne. 

In  Grosvenor-sq.  Lady  Emily  Egertoo, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  Earl  of  Wilton. 

Dec,  26.  In  Brunswick-sq,  aged  7% 
James  Kinloch,  esq. 

At  Kennington,  aged  64s  Hebecca,  wife 
of  L.  Gompertz,  esq. 

At  Islington,  ajfed  67,  Capt.  Alexander 
Adams,  1st  Garrison  Battalion. 
JJte.  27.   At  Tottenham,  Eliiabetb, 


216 


Obituary. 


[Feb. 


wife  of  Capt.  Andrew  Timbrell,  of  the 
Trinity  House. 

At  Chelsea,  aged  26,  Eliza  Kate,  wife 
of  F.  Lindsay  Cole,  esq.  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  John  Hughes,  of  Marden  Ash, 
Ongar,  Essex,  esq. 

Dec,  29.  Aged  74,  Richard  Mathew, 
esq.  of  Charlotte-st.  Portland-place. 

At  Wobuni -place,  aged  62,  W.  P. 
Allcock,  esq. 

Dec.  31 .  Of  apoplexy,  in  his  65th  year, 
Miles  Stringer,  esq.  of  Effingham  Hill, 
Surrey,  head  of  the  firm  of  Stringer  and 
Co.  tea-dealers,  &c.  Monument- Yard. 
Mr.  Stringer  arrived  at  the  Bank  to 
execute  a  transfer  of  stock  in  his  capacity 
of  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Equitable 
Assurance  Company.  Whilst  in  conver- 
sation with  a  friend  he  had  casually  met, 
he  suddenly  dropped  down  dead.  Had  he 
lived  a  few  hours  longer  he  would  have 
become  entitled  to  a  very  large  bonus  pay- 
able by  the  Equitable  Company  upon  the 
Ist  of  January. 

Lately.  In  Beaumont-st.  Marylebone, 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  W.  Theobald,  esq. 

In  Montagu-sq.  aged  89,  Jane,  relict 
of  R.  Livie,  esq.  and  sister  of  Mrs. 
Dillon,  of  the  My  the,  Tewkesbury. 

Aged  39,  G.  Kooke,  esq.  of  Bigs  wear, 
Glouc.  grandson  of  the  late  Gen.  Rooke, 
M.P.  for  CO.  Monmouth. 

Jan.  I.  At  Barrow-hill-place,  Regent's 
Park,  aged  30,  Mary  Christian,  wife  of 
Lieut.  Henry  Woodruff,  R.N.  only  dau. 
of  Ralph  Clarke,  esq.  of  Ems  worth, 
Hants. 

Jan.  2.  In  Soho-square,  aged  47,  So- 
phia Maria,  wife  of  J.  H.  Curtis,  esq. 

Jan.  3.  At  St.  John's  Wood-road,  aged 
82,  Joseph  Tringham,  esq. 

At  Pimlico,aged  63,  James  Tomes,  esq. 

Aged  30,  Julia,  wife  of  Frederick  L. 
Slous,  esq.  of  Crescent-place,  Morning- 
ton- crescent. 

At  Mile-end,  aged  87,  Tho.  Baylis.esq. 

Aged  54,  Samuel  Darton,  late  of  the 
firm  of  Harvey  and  Darton,  Grace- 
church-street. 

Jan.  4.  At  Hammersmith,  aged  70, 
Miss  Sophia  Cookson,  sister  of  the  late 
Lieut. -Gen.  George,  and  Lieut.- Gen. 
Charles  Cookson,  Royal  Artillery. 

In  Northumberland-street,  aged  69. 
John  Holroyd,  esq.  formerly  owner  of 
Barcombe-place,  Sussex.  On  the  4th  of 
May,  1800,  his  Majesty  George  the  III. 
twice  narrowly  escaped  being  shot — in 
the  morning  in  Hyde  Park,  and  in  the 
evening,  when  at  Dniry  Lane  Theatre 
the  insane  Hatfield  fired  at  his  Majesty, 
but  the  direction  of  the  ball  was  turned  by 
Mr.  Holroyd,  who  struck  the  assassin's 
arm  up;  for  this  act  the  deceased  wm 
13 


offered  a  pension,  which  he  relbied,  Imt 
retained  during  the  life  of  hit  Majeftty  a 
great  amount  of  royal  patronage. 

Jan.  5.  Juliana,  wife  of  Leiris  Geoige 
Dive,  esq.  of  Tavistock-st.  Bedford-sq. 

Jan.  6.  Elizabeth,  wife  of  WillMUn 
Webb,  esq.  of  Walthamstow. 

In  Guilford. St.  aged  72,  Joseph  Moit 
Wheeler,  esq. 

Jan.  7.  At  Clapham  New  Park,  aged 
44,  Benjamin  Warren,  esq. 

Jan.  8.  At  the  residence  of  his  son  •in- 
law, at  Clapham -rise,  aged  82,  Monsieur 
Francois  Beekvelt,  dit  de  Tourlou. 

Aged  65,  Martha,  relict  of  the  Rev. 
Lewis  Mercier,  third  daughter  of  the  late 
Mr.  Battier,  of  Gould -square. 

In  Weymouth -street,  aged  60,  William 
Robinson,  esq.  surgeon. 

Jan.  9.  At  Hackney- terrace,  aged  80, 
James  Berriman  Tippetts,  esq.  member 
of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  formerly 
of  White  Lion -St.  Spital-sq.  where  he 
resided  for  45  years. 

At  Blackheath,  in  his  38th  year,  John 
Gordon,  esq.  of  Newton,  Aberdeenshire, 
and  Peppingford  Park,  Sussex. 

Jan.  10.  At  Camberwell -grove,  in  her 
70th  year,  Mrs.  Miller,  relict  of  Walter 
Miller,  esq.  of  Highgate. 

Aged  43,  John  Lawson,  esq.  surgeon, 
Walbrook. 

Jan,  II.  At  Clapham,  aged  21,  Bfarj 
Ann,  eldest  daughter  of  II.  Austwick, 
esq.  of  Lawrence  Pountney-lane. 

At  Hackney,  aged  43,  Mary  Ann,  wife 
of  William  Chaplin,  esq. 

At  BnmswicK-terrace,  aged  64,  Capt. 
Edward  Blackett  Roberts. 

At  Kensington,  aged  73,  Elizabeth, 
the  wife  of  S.  Pickering,  esq. 

Jan.  12.  At  Kensington,  aged  35,  Jane, 
wife  of  Major  Robert  Thew,  Bombay 
Art. 

At  Oxford-st.  Capt.  Robert  Sime  (half- 
pay),  78th  Foot. 

Jan.  13.  Aged  64,  James  Lambert, 
esq.  of  the  Manor  House,  Brixton,  and 
Fowlers,  Hawkhurst,  Kent. 

Aged  24,  Charles  Henry  Chambers, 
esq.  2d  Battalion  Rifle  Brigade. 

At  Howland-st.  aged  65,  Sarah,  widow 
of  Capt.  David  Bruce,  E.I  S. 

At  Portman-place,  Edgeware-rd.  John 
Tolle,  esq.  Deputy  Reroiver-gen.  of  the 
Duchy  of  Lancaster. 

Aged  92,  Robert  Tunno,  esq.  manj 
years  a  respectable  member  of  the  Stock 
Exchange. 

Aged  62,  Miss  S.  Batot,  dau.  of  the 
late  J.  S.Bacot,  esq.  formerly  of  Argyll-st. 

Jan.  14.  In  Portman-st.  aged  87,  Mary, 
widow  of  Gen.  Owirn. 

Jan.  15.    At  Islmgton,  aged  86,  Bfiss 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


217 


Mary  Ibbott,  great-niece  of  Dr.  Ibbott, 
Chaplain  to  King  Geo.  I.  and  Prebendary 
of  Westminster. 

At  Streatbam.aged  80,tbe  Right  Hon. 
Peggy  Countess  dowager  of  Ck)ventry. 
She  was  the  2d  dau.  and  cob.  of  Sir  Abra- 
ham Pitches,  Knt.  became  the  second 
wife  of  George- William  7th  Earl  of  Co- 
ventry in  1783,  and  was  left  his  widow  in 
1813,  having  had  issue  the  present  £arl 
and  a  numerous  family. 

Jan.  16.  In  South  Audley-st  Char- 
lotte, wife  of  Thomas  Oliver,  esq.  of  Bath. 

Jan.  17.  At  Hammersmith,  aged  65, 
Daniel  De  Castro,  esq.  late  of  Warfield- 
cottage,  Berks. 

Aged  75,  Frances,  widow  of  Henry 
Creighton,  esq.  of  Malda,  Bengal. 

Jan.  18.  In  Upper  Woburn-place,  aged 
70,  p:iizabeth,  relict  of  the  late  William 
Essei,  esq. 

At  Hampstead,in  bis  65th  year,  Robert 
'Espinasse,  esq.  late  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  Isaac  'Espinasse, 
of  the  Kill,  CO.  Dublin. 

At  Kennington,  aged  82,  Chas.  Cole, 
esq. 

Jan.  19.  In  Buckiiigbam-sq.  New 
Kent-road,  aged  D2,  Joshua  Rogers,  esq. 
late  of  the  Stock  Exchange. 

At  Wobuni-place,  aged  78,  Elizabeth, 
relict  of  Robert  DodwcU,  esq.  of  Doctors' 
Commons. 

In  his  70th  year,  Richard  Savage,  esq. 
of  (^hiswell-st. 

Agedc>.'i,  John  Hill,  esq.  of  Welbeck-st. 

At  the  house  of  bis  brother  in  tbe 
Edge  ware -road,  Lieut.  William  Reming- 
ton Mercer,  70th  regiment  Bengal  native 
infantf)',  nephew  of  Captain  Alex.  Mer- 
cer, deputy-adjutunt-general,  Dinaporc 
divi>i()n. 

In  Southampton.st.  Fitzroy-8(|.  aged 
60,  June,  wife  of  Mr.  Jubn  Lajidseer, 
A.E.K.A.  and  F.S.A.,  and  mother  of 
Mr.  Edwin  Landseer,  R.A.andof  Mr. 
Charles  I^ndveer,  A.R.A. 

Jan.  20.  At  North  Brixton,  James 
Horatio  Oliver,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the 
late  Junies  R.  Oliver,  esq.  of  Calcutta. 


Bi  uH)Ui)biiiiu:. — Jan,  11.  At  Elstow 
iiodgc,  aged  74,  Sarah  Farrer,  third  dau. 
of  the  Ute  D.  F.  Hillersden,  esq. 

Jan,  12.  At  Dunstable,  aged  64,  Geo. 
(raw  ley,  esq. 

Jan.  . . .  Aged  82,  Abraham  Harman, 
ev(.  more  than  fifty  years  steward  of  the 
eiiUtes  of  W.  W.  Whitbread,  of  Southill, 
esq,  and  of  hiii  father  and  grand  father  before 
hun.  As  a  last  tribute  of  rchpect  for  his 
inanv  virtues  Mr.  Whitbread  directed  that 
the  burial  of  this  excellent  man  should 
take  pUcc  in  his  family  vault ;  which  took 
place  on  the  2Ut  Jan. 

Gent.  Mau.  Vol.  XIII. 


Berks. — Dec,  18.  At  Windsor,  aged 
61,  the  Hon.  Wilhelmina  Ruthven,  tister 
to  Lord  Ruthven. 

Dee.  24.  At  Windsor,  aged  85,  Lieut.- 
Col.  Steel,  one  of  the  **  Poor  Knights," 
during  the  last  22  years.  His  late  Ma- 
jesty allowed  him,  in  addition,  an  annuity 
of  50/. ;  and  a  subscription  has  been  set 
on  foot  for  his  widow,  at  the  head  of 
which  stands  the  name  of  her  Majesty  for 
10/. 

Dec.  25.  At  Windsor,  Sarah,  widow  of 
the  Rev.  Henry  St.  John  Bullen,  Rector 
of  Dinton,  Bucks. 

Jan.  11.     At  Fariey  Hill  Castle,  netr 
Reading,  Emma,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late 
Justinian  Casamajor,  of  Potterells,  Herts,* 
esq. 

Jan,  12.  Anna,  wife  of  Wilson  Lomer, 
esq.  of  Reading. 

Jan,  13.  At  W^indsor,  Second  Lieut. 
Charles  Henry  Chambers,  Rifle-Brigade 
(1834). 

Cambridge. — Dec.  15.  Aged  95,  Elixt^ 
beth,  relict  of  Edw.  Frost,  Esq.  of  Brink, 
ley  HaU. 

IMely.  Aged  64v  Mr.  William  Watts, 
of  Ely ;  a  man  distinguished  by  deep  re- 
search in  the  Hebrew  Unguage,  and  editor 
of  tbe  Psalms  of  David :  eccentric  in  his 
manners,  but  a  worthy  and  honest  man. 

At  Newmarket,  aged  32,  the  celebrated 
jockey,  Arthur  Pavis.  He  commenced 
his  career  in  1821,  riding  3st.  31b.  Since 
that  time  he  rode  1837  races,  comprising 
2253  heats,  and  he  won  no  less  than  706 
races. 

Jan.  8.  At  Little  Abington,  in  her 
92  year,  Susan,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Andrew 
Pern,  M.A.  Rector  of  Abington  in  tbe 
Cley,  and  of  Isham,  Northamptonshire, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas 
Smith,  Rector  of  Stowlangtoft,  and  Vicv 
of  Pakenham,  Suffolk. 

At  Wisbech,  aged  23,  the  only  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  Wm.  Hardwicke,  Rector  of 
Outwell,  Norf. 

Cheshire.— «/an.  9.  Peter  Langford 
Brooke,  esq.  of  Mere  HaU,  Cheshire, 
who  about  two  years  ago  was  married  to 
a  daughter  of  Lady  Charlotte  Bury.  He 
had  ventured  on  the  ice  of  a  pond  near 
his  house.  The  ice  broke,  and,  as  the 
water  was  very  shallow,  he  determined  on 
working  his  way  to  the  bank ;  but  in  his 
progress  he  unfortunately  stepped  into  a 
deep  hole,  and  sank  to  rise  no  more. 
This  distressing  event  occurred  in  the 
presence  of  Mrs.  Brooke,  who  was  at  the 
drawing-room  window  at  the  time. 

Cornwall.— i>fc.  23.  At  Redruth,  at 
an  advanced  age,  Mary,  relict  of  Samuel 
Vincent  Pryce,  esq.  M.D.  She  was 
the  first  to  esublish  the  Church  Sunday 
School  in  that  town,  and  she  attended  re- 
gularly to  it  for  upwards  of  SOjmn, 


21S 


Obituary. 


CFeb. 


Jan.  5.  At  Penzance,  aged  38,  Bald- 
win Francis  Duppa,  esq.  barrister. at-law, 
the  eldest  son  of  Baldwin  Duppa  Duppa, 
esq.  of  HoUingbourne  House,  Kent.  He 
was  for  some  time  a  Commoner  of  Braze- 
nose  college,  Oxford ;  and  was  called 
to  the  bar  at  Lincoln^s  Inn,  June  7, 
1833.  He  was  latterly  honorary  secre- 
tary and  chief  supporter  of  the  Cen- 
tral Education  Society.  He  edited  their 
productions,  and  had  for  many  years  been 
the  disinterested  and  able  advocate  of  li- 
beral and  extended  popular  education.  He 
was  also  the  founder  of  the  scheme  for 
agricultural  colleges,  and  successfully  car- 
ried  out  the  plan  for  the  establishment  of 
such  a  college  in  the  county  of  Kent. 
He  has  left  a  large  family. 

Cumberland. — Jati.  12.  At  the  Par- 
sonage, Keswick,  Frances,  wife  of  the 
Bev.  Fred.  Myers,  minister  of  St.  John's, 
Keswick,  and  dau.  of  J.  C.  L.  Calcraft, 
esq.  of  Ancaster.  She  had  been  married 
but  a  few  months. 

Devon.  —  Dec.  21.  At  Torquay, 
Henry  Everett,  esq.  of  Salisbury. 

Dec.  22.  At  Exeter,  aged  61.  Lieut. 
John  Niess,  late  of  the  3rd  K.  V.  B. 

Dec.    28.       At     Blewhayes    House, 
Broadclist,  aged  67,  James  Daniell,  esq. 
Dec.  29.     At  the  Wilderness,  aged  7tS, 
W.  C.  Hunt,  M.D. 

Jan,  5.  At  Stonehouse,  Devon,  aged 
25,  Louis- George  Waldon,  es(|.  of  the 
Middle  Temple,  only  son  of  the  late  J. 
Waldon,  M.D.  of  Bodmin,  and  nephew 
of  the  late  Lord  Clinton. 

Jan.  7.  At  Stonehouse,  aged  82,  John 
Jackson,  esq.  Master  Attendant  of  the 
dockyard. 

Jan.  10.  At  Plymouth,  in  his  (iotli 
year,  Commander  John  Yule,  U.N. 
(1805.)  He  was  twenty-seven  times  en- 
gaged with  the  enemies  of  his  country  ; 
and  on  three  of  those  occasions,  viz. 
Cornwallis's  Retreat,  the  battle  of  the 
Nile,  and  that  of  Trafalgar,  as  one  of 
Nelson's  Lieutenants  in  the  Victory,  he 
received  the  public  thanks  of  his  country, 
which  were  accorded  by  the  vote  of  Par- 
liament. 

Jiaw.  15.  At  Dawli.sh,  Sophia  jMary, 
third  surviving  daughter  of  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Yelloly. 

Dorset. — Jan.  1.  At  Lyme  Regis, 
Miss  Mary  Lloyd,  third  daughter  of  the 
late  Samuel  Lloyd,  esq.  of  Battersea, 
Surrey. 

Jan.  13.  At  Beaminster,  in  his  80th 
year,  H.  B.  Way,  esq. 

DvRUAM.—Jan.  18.  At  Norton,  aged 
75,  Mrs.  Stapylton,  widow  of  Henry 
Stapylton,  esq.  only  dau,  of  Robert  Gre- 
gory, esq.  Capt.  R.N. 

Essex.— 2>ec.  10.  At  Duiimow,  aged 
75,  Gw.  Wade,  esq. 


Dec.  20.  At  Little  Horkeslej,  eged 
05,  Sarah,  wife  of  George  Sadler,  esq. 

Dec.  23.  At  Dedham,  in  her  85ch 
year,  Mrs.  S.  Merry,  sister  of  the  late 
Anthony  Merry,  esq. 

Dec.  30.  At  South  Weald,  Mary, 
relict  of  Richard  Heatley,  esq.  of  Shen- 
field -place. 

Gloucestershire. — Dec.  18.  At  Co- 
drington,  Mary,  wife  of  John  Wickfaam, 
jun.  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Edmund  WillSy 
Vicar  of  Wapley  and  C/odrington. 

Dec.  20.  At  Thombury,  aged  88, 
Jose})h  Parslow,  esq.  banker. 

Dec.  2%.  At  Cirencester,  aged  81, 
Mrs.  Lawrence,  widow  of  William  Law- 
rence, esq.  surgeon,  and  mother  of  Wil- 
liam Lawrence,  esq.  the  eminent  surgeon^ 
of  WhitehalUplace. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  60,  Lady  Ca- 
therine Caroline,  relict  of  Joseph  Brack- 
nell, esq.  formerly  of  the  Life  Guards. 
She  was  the  only  surviving  dau.  of  Wil- 
liam-  (Jharles  third  Earl  of  Portmore ;  was 
formerly  Lady  of  the  Bedchamber  to 
Queen  Charlotte,  and  was  married  in 
1810. 

Dec.  :i6.  At  Cotham,  Mary,  ralict  of 
the  late  W.  P.  (,'oley,  esq.  dauffhter  of 
the  late  Thomas  Prichard,  esq.  of  Briatol. 
Dec.  27.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  70, 
Mary  Anne,  widow  of  Robert  Pbillipps, 
esq.  of  Longworth,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  Michael  Biddulph,  of  Ledbury,  co. 
Hereford,  esq. 

Laid*/.  At  an  advanced  age,  Mrs. 
Wilton,  relict  of  R.  P.  Wilton,  esq.  late 
Town  C'lerk  of  Gloucester. 

Jan.  2.  At  Cheltenham,  in  her  80th 
year,  Eliza,  wife  of  H.  Hill,  esq.  Deputy 
(.'■ommissary  Gen.  dau.  of  the  late  R. 
Kirwan,  esq.  of  Cregg,  co.  Gal  way. 

At  Clifton,  Susanna-Christian,  wife  of 
George  Wcbbc  Tobin,  esq.  only  dau.  of 
the  late  John  Cobham,  esq.  of  Barba- 
does. 

Jan.').  At  Westbury-on-Trym, aged 
77,  Ann,  widow  of  Richard  Symes,  esq. 
and  last  sumving  child  of  the  late  £. 
Bowles,  esq.  of  the  Royal  Fort. 

Jan.  (>.  At  Bristol  Hotwells,  in  bis 
30th  year,  Jacob,  only  son  of  Jacob 
Ricketts,  esq.  of  Bath. 

At  Woodchester  Priory,  Eliza,  the 
wife  of  Henry  Shuttleworth,  esq.  for- 
merly of  Market  Harborough,  and  Great 
Bowden,  co.  Leic. 

Jan.  K.  At  Clifton,  aged  73,  Elira- 
beth,  relict  of  the  late  George  Ebery 
Thomas,  esq.  of  Bristol,  and  of  Caldi- 
cott,  Monmouthshire. 

Jail.  9.    At  the  residence  of  Mr.  S. 

(r. .  Clements,   Bristol,   Mrs.    Ferce?al, 

aunt  of  Mrs.  Clements,  and  relict  of  the 

late  Theopbilus  Perceval,  esq.  Bath. 

Aged  24>  Susanoa  Martin,  hwt  surnr* 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


219 


ing  child  of  Thomas  Hardwick,  esq.  of 
the  Grange  House,  Tytherington. 

Jan.    \'d.     At  Arle   House,  near  Chel- 
tenham, the  residence  of  her  son-in-law, 
aged  12,  Catharine,  relict  of  the  Rev.  T. 
Bedford,   M.A.   Rector  of  St.  Helen's, 
Worcester. 

Jan.  16.  At  Clifton,  Georgiana- 
Fninces,  wife  of  Sir  Simeon  H.  Stuart, 
Bart.  She  was  the  youngest  dau.  of 
George  Gun,  of  Mount  Kennedy,  co. 
Wicklow,  esq.  was  married  in  1815,  and 
has  left  several  children. 

Hants. — Dec.  12.  At  Holyboume, 
near  Alton,  aged  81,  William  Barlow,  esq. 

Dec,  21.  At  Twyford,  aged  79,  Eliza- 
beth,  widow  of  the  late  William  Short, 
D.D.  Prebendary  of  Westminster  and 
Rector  of  Kingsworthy. 

Dec.  :n.  At  Court  Barn,  near  Titch- 
tield,  the  relict  of  James  Greene,  esq. 

Lately.  At  Fareham,  Anne,  4th  dau. 
of  the  late  Vice-Adm.  Francis  Parry. 

Jan.  4..  Aged  70,  the  wife  of  John 
Ross,  esq.  of  Wimpson,  Southampton. 

Jan,  10.  At  Odiham,  aged  87,  Richard 
Raggett,  esq. 

Jan.  \\.  At  Ringwood,  aged  71, 
(  harles  Harbin,  esq.  solicitor,  youngest 
brother  of  the  late  Wyndham  Harbin, 
rsq.  of  Fritham. 

Aged  (iB,  Sophia,  relict  of  Henry  Hul. 
ton,  ot  Bevois-mount,  Southampton,  and 
Lincoln's  Inn,  esq. 

Jan.  18.  Aged  50,  Lieut. -Col.  Hugh 
Stacpoole,  ot  Clanville  Lodge,  near 
Andover,  late  of  the  45th  Ke^,  He  was 
appointed  Ensign  and  Lieut.  4(ith  Foot, 
1800;  Lieut.  47th,  1803;  Capt.  1801; 
Major  4oth,  1811;  and  brevet  Lieut.- 
Col.  1819. 

Jan.  20.  At  Ventnor,  Isle  of  Wight, 
aged  .'i'i,  John  Gillespie,  esq.  of  Glasgow. 

Hkrk^oku. — Dec.  IG.  At  Kington, 
in  her  C'W  year,  Anne,  wife  of  Thomas 
Lewis,  esq.  eldest  and  only  surviving  dau. 
of  the  late  Francis  Tringham,  esq. 

Dec.  31.  At  Hereford,  aged  57,  Tho- 
mas Rickards  Watkvns,  esq.  solicitor, 
only  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Wat- 
kyns.  Rector  of  Weston-under-Penyard, 
and  Preb.  of  Hereford. 

Hkhts. — Dec.  21.  At  Charley-wood, 
uged  70,  (ieorge  Thomson,  esq. 

Jan.  19.  At  Burfords,  Hoddesdon, 
aged  77,  Edwuid  Waller,  esq. 

Ki;>rr Dec,  26.     At  Hythc,  aged  24, 

the  Hon.  Richard  William  Lambart  (late 
of  the  Coldstream  Guards),  son  of  the 
bte  (jeneral  Earl  of  Cavaii. 

Jan.  5.  At  Sevenoaks,  aged  66,  Ann, 
relict  of  the  Rev.  E.  Sandford,  B.D. 
Rector  of  Nutfield. 

Jan.  13.  At  Beckenham-place,  Cecilia- 
Charlotte,  youngest  daughter  of  William 
Peters,  esq. 


Jan.  15.  At  Yardley  House,  Tun- 
bridge,  in  her  I2th  year,  Anna-Maria- 
Charlotte,  dau.  of  the  late  Charles  Shaw, 
esq.  R.N.  granddau.  of  the  late  Sir  J. 
G.  Shaw,  of  Ken  ward. 

Jan.  16.  At  Westerham,  aged  64, 
Anne,  relict  of  W.  Loveday,  esq.  of 
Huntingdon. 

Lanc— />ec.  5.  At  Everton,  in  his 
.39th  year,  George  Barton  Irlam,  esq.  of 
the  long-established  firm  (in  the  West 
India  trade)  of  Barton,  Irlam,  and  Hig- 
ginson,  of  Liverpool  and  Barfaadoes  ;  and 
on  the  10th,  aged  39,  Mary,  his  widow. 

Jan.  13.  At  Sunning-hill,  near  Bolton, 
Mary,  wife  of  Richard  S.  Crook,  esq.  of 
Liverpool. 

Leicestershire. — Dec.  26.  Aged  23, 
Walter  Richard  Gough,  esq.  of  Trinity 
Coll.  Camb.  eldest  son  ot  Richard  Gougb, 
esq.  of  Kilworth  House. 

Lately.  At  Leicester,  Mr.  J.  B. 
Watson,  formerly  proprietor  of  the 
Theatres  Royal,  Cheltenham,  Gloucester, 
&c. 

At  Overseal,  aged  86,  Thomas  Thorp, 
esq. 

Lincoln. — Jan.  15.  At  Crowle,  aged 
24,  Cornelius  Peacock,  esq. 

Jan.  19.  At  Gainsborough,  aged  37, 
the  wife  of  the  Rev.  R.  Thomas,  Per* 
petual  Curate  of  Hemswell. 

Middlesex.— Dec.  28.  At  Enfield, 
Selina,  %vife  of  William  Blune,  esq.  of 
Dominica,  and  niece  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Sir  Wm.  Garrow. 

Lately.  At  Chiswick,  aged  71,  EU. 
zabeth,  widow  of  Wm.  Gaskell,  esq.  of 
Chalfont  St.  Peter*s,  Bucks. 

Jan.  15.  At  Chiswick,  aged  73,  Charles 
Whittinghara,  esq.  printer.  He  com- 
menced business  in  I)ean -street,  Fetter- 
lane  ;  whence  he  removed  to  Goswell- 
street ;  and  finally  establinhed  his  office  on 
the  banks  of  the  Thames,  at  Chiswick. 
The  beautiful  productions  of  the  CMiwiek 
Press  will  long  preserve  his  name.  He 
was  an  amiable,  unassuming  man ;  and 
was  generally  beloved  and  esteemed.  He 
is  succeeded  in  business  by  his  nephew  of 
the  same  names,  a  well-known  printer  in 
London. 

Norfolk. --Z)tfc.  6.  At  Pulham,  in  her 
70th  year,  Sarah,  relict  of  John  Young, 
man,  esq.  of  Waterbeach  Lodge. 

Jan.  15.  Aged  70,  Mr.  John  Purdy 
Beacham,  for  fifty-four  years  a  member 
of  the  Norwich  Theatrical  Company. 
Mr.  Beacham  was  amongst  the  most  re- 
spectable actors,  for  at  least  fifty  years, 
of  the  Norwich  circuit.  Though  not  of 
the  first  class,  he  was  ever  at  nis  duty^ 
perfect,  and  intelligent.  In  private  life 
his  conduct  was  exemplary. 

Jan.  21.  At  Norwich,  aged  65,  Wm. 
Moore,  esq.      He  served  the  office  of 


220 


OBITUAmT. 


[FUk 


Sheriff  for  that  city  in  1824,  Mayor  1835, 
and  was  the  last  who  held  the  latter  office 
under  the  old  corporation.  He  was  also 
one  of  her  Majesty's  Justices  of  the  Peace 
for  that  city. 

Northampton. — Jan.  11.  Aged  21, 
Spencer. Churchill,  third  son  of  the  Rev. 
C.  A.  Wheelwright,  Rector  of  Tansor. 

Northumberland.-. Dec.  22.  At  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne, aged  70,  Mrs.  Alia- 
son,  relict  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Alla- 
son.  Vicar  of  Heddon-on-the-Wall,  dau. 
of  the  late  Charles  Bathurst  Sleigh,  esq. 
of  Stockton-upon-Tees,  and  Arkengath- 
dale,  Yorkshire. 

At  Berwick,  aged  80,  Capt.  George 
Scott,  late  of  E.l.C.S.  He  was  one  of 
that  heroic  band  who  defended  Gibraltar 
in  1779,  and  of  whom  so  few  now  remain. 
His  constitution  broke  down  at  St. 
Helena. 

Nottingham. — Bee,  28.  At  Staple- 
ford  Hall,  near  Nottingham,  Lady  War- 
ren, widow  of  Admiral  the  Right  Hon. 
Sir  Borlase  Warren,  G.C.B.  Her  Lady, 
ship  was  the  youngest  daughter  of  Lieut.  • 
Gen.  Sir  John  Clavering,  by  Lady  Diana 
West,  daughter  of  John  Earl  Delawarr. 
Her  Ladyship  is  succeeded  in  her  exten- 
sive  estates  by  her  grandson,  Lord  Ver- 
non. 

Oxford.— Dec.  7.  At  the  house  of  the 
Rev.  George  Coles,  after  a  protracted  ill- 
ness, aged  19,  Richard,  seventh  son  of  the 
Lord  Bishop  of  Oxford  and  Lady  Har- 
riott  Bagot. 

Dec,  19.  In  her  13th  year,  Chadottc, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  F. 
Bertie,  Rector  of  Albury. 

Jan.  14.  William  Green,  Esq.  late  of 
Caversham  Hill. 

Jan.  17.  In  her  80th  year,  Mary,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Ellis,  Vicar  of  Great 
Milton. 

RuTLAND....Z)ec.  16.  At  an  advanced 
age,  Martha,  relict  of  Robert  Peach,  esq. 
of  Liddington 

Shr<)P8HIRe.— Dec.  15.  At  Frees,  aged 
47,*  Mary,  wifeof  Charies  Nolloth  Stubbs, 
esq. 

Dee,  31.  At  the  house  of  her  son, 
Chetton  rectory,  aged  78,  the  relict  of 
Valentine  Vickers,  esq.  of  Cranmere. 

Jan.  4.  Frances  Maria,  wife  of  the 
Hon.  and  Rev.  Richard  Noel  Hill,  Rec- 
tor  of  Berrington,  only  son  of  Lord  Ber. 
wick.  She  was  the  2d  dau.  of  the  late 
Wm.  Mostyn  Owen,  esq.  was  married  in 
1800,  and  has  left  four  sons  and  four 
daughters. 

Somerset.— At  Bath,  aged  70,  Mrs. 
H.  Benton,  daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Ben- 
ton,  Prebendary  of  Canterbury. 

Dee.  28.    At  Bafb,  Lady  £>ohtrty,  i«. 


lict  of  Sir  Patrick^  Dohcrtj,  CJB. 
K.C.H.  13th  dragoons. 

Dec.  30.  At  Weston,  near  Btlh,  aged 
32,  George  Danvers  JenkiiM^  esq.  late  of 
69th  Regt. 

Dec.  31.  Mrs.  Baker,  wife  of  Capt. 
Baker,  of  Bathwick  Hill,  and  mother  of 
the  Rev.  F.  Baker,  Curate  of  Bathwidc. 

Lately.  At  Bath,  W.  J.  SqgdeD,  esq. 

At  Sutton  Montis,  aged  71,  Sarah,  le- 
lict  of  Robt  Leach,  esq. 

At  Compton  Martin,  in  the  107th  year 
of  her  age,  Mary  Davis.  This  extfaor- 
dinary  woman  retained  her  facilities  to 
the  last,  sewing  or  knitting ;  and  until  the 
last  few  months  a  constant  attendant  at 
the  parish  church,  and  taking  long  walks 
about  the  village.  She  had  been  for 
many  years  a  pauper  on  the  parish  of  St. 
Nicholas,  in  Bristol. 

Jan.  3.  At  Bath,  the  Right  Hon. 
Esther  dowager  Viscountess  Harberton. 
She  was  the  eldest  daughter  and  coheir 
of  James  Spencer,  esq.  was  niarried  in 
1 785,  and  left  a  widow  in  1 833,  having  had 
issue  the  present  Viscount  and  sereral 
other  children. 

Jan.  11.  At  Bath,  Anne,  relict  of 
Henry  Norcott  Ward,  esq. 

At  Blackford,  aged  77,  Mrs.  Maiy 
Savidge,  relict  of  Wm.  Savidge,  esq. 

At  Bath,  aged  67,  Mrs.  Susanna  Hut- 
chesson,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Mann 
Hutchesson,  esq.  of  Wisbech. 

Jan.  12.  At  Bath,  Charlotte,  only 
surviving  dau.  of  Samuel  Newton,  esq.  of 
Croxton  Park,  Camb. 

At  Bath,  aged  70,  Charles  Harris, 
esq.  late  of  £.  1.  Company's  Civil 
Service,  and  formerly  Member  of  Council 
at  Madras. 

Jan.  14.  At  Bath,  aged  88,  Frances, 
relict  of  Robert  Pigot,  esq.  of  Peplow 
Hall,  Salop. 

Suffolk. — Dec.  25.  At  Aldebuigh, 
Catharine,  second  dau.  of  James  Lawson» 
esq.  of  Jamaica,  and  late  of  York-terrace, 
Regent's-park. 

Lately.  At  Framlingham,  aged  74, 
Sarah,  relict  of  W.  Salmon,  esq.  of 
Cowbridgc,  Glamorgan,  dau.  of  the  hite 
Rev.  Denny  Cole,  of  Sudbury  Priory. 

Surrey.— Jan.  11.  At  Wimbledon, 
aged  61,  Michael  Russell,  esq. 

Sussex.— 2)tfc.  1 1 .  Aged  28,  Marian, 
wife  of  George  Dempster,  esq.  Brighton. 

Dec.  20.  At  Brighton,  Eleanor  Ric- 
ketts,  of  Greenwich,  widow  of  Capt. 
James  Ricketts,  of  Batavia. 

Dec.  25.  At  Waldron,  Maria  Jane, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Raynes,  dau. 
of  the  late  Rev.  T.  Fuller,  of  fleathfield. 

At  Hastings,  aged  48,  William  Qls. 
borne,  esq.  of  Ceylon  Ciril  Serrioe, 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


221 


of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Gisborne,  Preb.  of 
Durham,  and  brother  of  Thomas  Gis- 
borne, esq.  M.  P. 

Lately.  At  Midhurst,  aged  ^,  Char- 
lotte,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Charles 
Alcock,  Archdeacon  of  Chichester,  sister 
to  the  Rev.  Charles  Alcock,  Vicar  of 
Adderbury. 

At  Hastings,  in  his  36th  year,  John 
W.  Wakeman,  second  son  of  the  late  J. 
Wakeman,  esq.  of  Worcester. 

George  Henry  Longridge,  esq.  of 
(jatcshead,  and  of  Brighton;  who  has 
bequeathed  1000/.  to  the  London  Uni- 
versity  (yollcge,  and  1000/.  to  the  Univer- 
sity College  Hospital. 

Jan,  5.  At  Brighton,  Miss  Elizabeth 
HalU,  second  dau.  of  James  Halls,  esq. 
of  Colchester,  and  niece  to  the  Rev.  Dr. 
John  Garnett,  formerly  Dean  of  Exeter. 

Jan.  0.  At  Hastings,  aged  54,  Anne, 
the  wife  of  Richard  Oliverson,  esq.  of 
Portland. place,  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Sowerby,  esq.  of  Putteridge  Bury,  Hert- 
fordshirc. 

Jan.  12.  At  Sennicots,  near  Chiches. 
ter,  in  her  75th  year,  Mary,  widow  of 
Charles  Baker,  esq. 

Jan.  13.  At  Brighton,  aged  50,  Wil- 
liam Jenkins,  esq.  of  Dudley. 

At  Hamsell  House,  Rotherfield,  aged 
87,  Henry  Thwaites,  esq.  father  of  Mr. 
George  Thwaites,  of  Bristol. 

Jan.  If).  At  Kelbridge  Park,  George 
Raikes,  enq. 

Wakwicksiiikk. — Dec.  ft.  At  Heath 
(rrccn,  near  Uirraingham,  aged  75,  John 
Turner,  esq. 

Dec.  17.  At  Hillmorton,  aged  82, 
Catharine,  relict  ot  John  Lovett,  esq. 
lajit  surviving  sister  of  the  late  John 
Hey^ate,  esq.  of  West  Haddon  Grange, 
Northamptonshire. 

Dec.  31.  In  her  80th  year,  Mary, 
widow  of  William  Harvey  Musson,  esq. 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  Bartholomew  Mus- 
son, Rector  of  Baginton. 

Jan,  }i.  At  Kdgbaston,  aged  80,  Tho. 
mas  Lee,  es(|.  tor  several  years  an  acting 
magistrate  for  the  counties  of  Warwick 
and  Worcester. 

Jan.  14.  Aged  83,  Hannah,  relict  of 
John  Williamson,  esq.  of  Coventry. 

We.stmorlani).  —  Dec.  31.  At 
Broughsm  Hall,  in  her  87th  year,  Elea- 
nor,  widow  of  Henry  Brougham,  esq. 
(who  died  in  1810)  arid  mother  of  Lord 
Broughsm.  She  was  the  only  daughter 
of  Hev.  James  Syme,  D.D.  bv  Mary, 
sister  of  William  Robertson,  V.D,  the 
Scottish  hiitorian.  She  was  a  lady  of 
the  most  amiable  dispotition,  and  was 
uni¥enally  respected  and  esteemed  by 
those  who  bad  the  honour  of  her  acquaint- 
ance.   No  lady  io  the  north  of  England 


was  more  refined  in  manners  and  beha- 
viour, and  no  one  was  more  endeared  to 
high  and  low,  rich  and  poor. 

Wilts.— Dere.  22.  At  Ogboume  St. 
Andrew,  aged  53,  Davis  Canning,  esq. 

Dec.  31.  At  Teffont,  aged  75,  Mar- 
garet, relict  of  Thomas  Mayne,  esq. 

Lately.  At  Urchfont,  in  consequence 
of  injuries  received  by  getting  entangled  in 
a  chaff-cutting  machme,  J.  Tanner,  esq. 

Jan.  6.  At  Warminster,  aged  19, 
Alfred  Rowlandson,  Exhibitioner  of 
Queen's  Coll.  Oxf.  youngest  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  Michael  Rowlandson,  D.D. 
Vicar  of  Warminster. 

Jan.  9.  At  BuUidge  House,  near 
Chippenham,  aged  76,  John  Ames,  esq. 

Worcester. — Jan.  1.  Aged  60, 
Christiana  Maria,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Edw. 
Dudley,  M.A.  Rector  of  Broom. 

Yorkshire.— ATott.  27.  At  Leeda, 
Mrs.  Linley,  mother  of  G.  Linley,  esq. 
the  well-known  composer. 

Dec.  H.  At  Easingwold,  at  an  ad- 
vanced age,  William  Lodge  Rocliffe,M.D. 

Dec.  15.  At  Scruton  Hall,  Harriet, 
relict  of  Col.  Foster  Lechmere  Coore. 

Dec.  20.  Aged  46,  Miss  Alice  Armit- 
stead,  of  Wellington  Lodge,  near  Hull, 
third  daughter  of  the  late  Rev.  John 
Armitstead,  of  Cranage  Hall,  Cheshire. 

Dec.  31.  At  Rippondcn,  near  Hali- 
fax, aged  72,  Mary,  relict  of  Thomas 
Maslen,  esq.  formerly  of  Birchin-lane. 

Jan.  7.  At  Almondbury,  aged  84, 
Thomas  Shearron,  esq. ;  also,  aged  80, 
Joseph  Shearron,  esq.  being  the  last  of 
their  race  and  name.  As  they  had  lived 
together  united  the  whole  of  their  lives, 
and  in  the  same  house  in  which  they 
were  born,  so  in  their  deaths  they  were 
not  divided,  the  one  having  expired  only 
twenty  minutes  after  the  other. 

Jan.  10.  At  Wincobank,  near  Shef- 
field, William  Ford  Rawson,  esq.  for- 
meriy  of  the  firm  of  Rawson,  InkersoU, 
and  Co.  bankers,  at  Nottingham. 

Jan.  12.  At  Tadcastcr,  aged  75^  Ro- 
bert Addinell,  esq.  late  of  Selby. 

Wales. — Lately.  Near  Canpartbcn, 
aged  75,  Samuel  Morris,  esq.  of  Lime 
Grove,  for  many  years  a  CoUector  in  the 
Excise. 

Jan.  2.  At  Haverfordwest,  aged  105, 
Louis  Owen.  He  was  able  to  ^k  with 
ease  until  within  a  short  period  of  hia 
decease. 

Jan.  6.  Aged  about  140  years  (accord- 
ing to  his  own  book),  at  Henllys,  Pwll- 
hell,  John  Oliver.  He  had  travelled  the 
country  for  about  a  century,  occasionidly 
as  sieve  and  basket  maker,  but  gencfiUy 
as  a  repairer  of  clocks  and  watches. 

J€n.  8.  At  St.  Botolph's,  near  Mil- 
ford,  a^  63,  Antony  Innys  Stokes,  esq. 


222 


Orituaby, 


[Feb. 


Jaiu  10.  At  Perthyterfynn,  Holywell, 
aged  38,  Ck)pner  Oldfield,  esq. 

Jan,  20.  At  the  Lodge,  Overton, 
Flintshire,  Louisa  Alice,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  George  Kenyon,  esq.  of  Cefn, 
Denbighshire. 

Scotland. — Dec.  9.  At  Edinburgh, 
in  her  92d  year,  Miss  Innes,  of  Stow. 
The  fortune  to  which  she  succeeded  on 
the  death  of  her  brother,  the  late  Gilbert 
Innes,  esq.  about  five  years  ago,  was  esti. 
mated  at  not  less  than  a  million  sterling, 
and  as  she  lived  in  a  very  moderate  and 
unostentatious  manner,  it  was  considera- 
bly increased.  Her  charities,  however, 
were  numerous  and  unostentatious. 
The  great  bulk  of  the  fortune,  which  is 
the  largest,  we  believe,  ever  gained  by 
one  individual  in  Scotland,  was  the  ac. 
quisition  of  Mr.  Innes  himself,  as  a 
banker.  Her  heir-at-law  is  William 
Mitchell,  esq.  of  Parson's  Green. 

Dec.  17.  At  Deny,  N.B.  Mr.  William 
Cuthell,  student  of  divinity,  and  formerly 
one  of  the  assistant  masters  of  the  Colle- 
eiate  School  in  Leicester.  To  an  intel- 
lect of  the  first  order,  he  united  an  unas. 
suming  simplicity  and  gentle  piety.  He 
left  the  college  of  Glasgow  with  the 
highest  honours. 

Dec.  28.  At  Sunnyside  Lodge,  La- 
nark, the  wife  of  Alexander  Gillespie, 
sen.  late  of  America-square,  London. 

Lately.  At  Balcurvie,  aged  96,  Mr. 
David  Bonallo.  Longevity  seems  pecu- 
liar to  the  family,  for  his  grandfather's, 
his  father's,  and  his  own  age,  when  taken 
at  an  average,  have  each  amounted  to  97. 
His  father  happened  to  cross  Magus  Muir 
on  the  3d  of  May,  1679,  when  Archbishop 
Sharpe  was  murdered,  and  saw  the  as- 
sassins scouring  across  the  heath,  after 
the  bloody  deed.  He  was  then  in  his  15th 
year. 

At  Dundee,  aged  94,  Mr.  James  Miln, 
architect. 

At  Loanhead,  Mrs.  Jean  Bell,  aged 
102.  She  was  born  in  Crichton,  and 
resided  chiefly  in  the  village  of  Pentland 
for  the  last  80  years.  She  has  left  up- 
wards  of  70  grandchildren  and  great 
grandchildren. 

Drowned  in  the  Forth,  together  with 
two  fishermen.  Dr.  Hod  son,  the  only 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  W.  Hodson,  of 
Rochdale,  CO.  Lane.  The  deceased  took 
the  degree  of  M.D.  at  Edinburgh,  in 
1837. 

James  Mylne,  M.A.  for  42  years 
Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy  in  Glas- 
gow College,  an  able  teacher  and  an  ex- 
cellent man.  The  chair  is  more  valuable 
than  any  other  of  the  same  description  in 
Scotland,  the  emoluments,  according  to 
the  report  recently  publisbedi  being  T&U. 


per  annum,  for  1835  and  1836,  exdotife 

of  a  free  house. 

At  Dumfries,  aged  85,  Francie  Shom, 
esq.  conjunct  town-clerk  of  Dumfries. 

Jan,  6.  At  Edinburgh,  Eliabetb, 
relict  of  George  Harland  Hartley,  esq. 

Ireland. — At  Old  Grange,  oo.  Louth, 
aged  50,  Peter  Gemon,  esq.  He  was  the 
descendant  in  a  right  line  of  Stephen  de 
Gernon,  esq.  who  was  the  last  Constable 
of  Carlingford  Castle  when  it  marked  the 
confines  of  the  English  Pale  in  IreUukL 

At  Dublin,  aged  81,  Elizabeth,  relict 
of  C.  Taylor,  esq.  M.P.  of  Maidstone, 
Kent. 

At  Lucan,  co.  Dublin,  Major  Wm. 
Ashe,  of  Ashfield,  Meath,  aged  86,  for- 
merly of  the  23d  Fusiliers,  and  Aide-de- 
Camp  to  the  late  Gen.  Earl  of  Harring. 
ton. 

Jan.  1.  At  the  residence  of  his  bro- 
ther Dr.  Sl  John  Clarke,  in  Skibbereen, 
CO.  Cork,  Thomas  Clarke,  esq.  in  bis  79th 
year;  and  on  the  11th,  aged  73,  Dr.  St. 
John  Clarke,  his  brother. 

Jan.  2.  Aged  87,  Elizabeth,  relict  of 
Thomas  Bateson,  esq.  and  mother  of  Sir 
Robert  Bateson,  Bart,  of  Belvoir-park, 
M.P.  for  the  co.  Londonderry.  She  was 
the  youngest  dau.  of  George  Lloyd,  of 
Hulme  hall,  co.  Lane.  esq.  F.R.S.  by 
Susanna,  sister  of  Sir  Wm.  Horton,  of 
Chaderton,  Bart,  was  nuirried  in  1779, 
and  left  a  widow  in  1811. 

Jan.  8.  Near  Donaghadee,  Lieut.  W. 
Newcole,  Chief  Officer  of  the  Coast- 
guard on  the  Millisle  station,  shot  by  one 
of  the  men  under  his  command. 

Jan.  17.  At  Dublin,  Sir  Brodridc 
Chinnery,  of  Flintfield,  co.  Cork,  Bart. 
He  was  the  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Brodrick 
the  first  Baronet  (created  in  17SKI)  by 
Margaret  only  dau.  and  heiress  of  Nicb. 
Chinnery,  of  Flintfield,  esq.  He  suc- 
ceeded his  father  1808;  married  in  1803 
Diana-Elizabeth,  youngest  dau.  of  George 
Vernon,  of  Clontarf  castle,  esq.  ;  and  is 
succeeded  by  his  only  son,  the  Rev.  Sir 
Nicholas  Chinnery. 

Guernsey.— Dw.  11.  In  his  19th  year, 
Le  Marchant  Francis  Hutchesson,  eldest 
son  of  Dr.  Hutchesson,  Petite  Marche. 

East  Indies. — Aug.  22.  On  his  pas- 
sage from  Calcutta  to  the  Cape,  Lieut. - 
Col.  Edmund  Craster,  30th  Madras  N.  L 
son  of  the.  late  Rev.  E.  Craster,  of  Let- 
tlethorpe,  Line,  and  nephew  of  Lieut. - 
Col.  Campbell,  of  Newcastle. 

Aug.  25.  At  Houringabad,  aged  SO, 
Lieut.  Hugh  Innes  Mundell,  youngest 
son  of  the  late  Alex.  Mundell,  esq.  of 
Great  George-st.  Westminster. 

Sept.  20.  On  his  passage  between  €•!• 
cuttaand  Madras,  a^34,  Capt.  J.  Wal« 
ton,  of  the  Larkiiia  Aast  Indiaman. 


\ 


1840.] 


OfliruAiiY. 


223 


Sept.  27.  At  Calcutta,  aged  48,  Capt. 
William  Allen,  formerly  of  the  Hon. 
Company's  ship  Vansittart,  and  late  In- 
>pector  of  Customs  on  the  Hooghly. 

Oct.  5.  At  sea,  on  his  return  from 
India,  Francis  J.  Thomas,  esq.  Lieut,  in 
her  Majesty's  31  st  Reg.  son  of  the  late 
Capt.  Thomas,  E. I.  C.S.  and  grandson  of 
Gen.  Dick,  of  Clifton. 

Oct.  10.  At  Kuniaul,  aged  28,  Henry 
lirougham,  esq.  4th  cavalry,  eldest  son  of 
the  late  J.  AV.  Brougliam,  esq.  and  ne- 
phew to  Lord  Brougham. 

Oct.  13.  At  Cabul,  Major  John  Hay, 
.'ijth  Bengal  N.  Inf.  son  of  John  Hay, 
e>q.  of  Edinburgh. 

Oct.  14.  At  Secunderabad,  Harriot 
Amelia,  wife  of  Lieut.  Edw.  Brice,  Horse 


Art.  second  dau.  of  the  late  J.  W.  Tuck, 
etc,  esq.  of  Berbice. 

Oct.  25.  Near  Tatta,  Bombay,  aged 
21,  Greorge  Macleod,  assistant  field  en- 
gineer  to  the  Scinde  reserve  forcci  second 
son  of  the  late  Norman  Macleod,  Bengal 
civil  service. 

At  Cabul,  aged  42,  Capt.  Henry  Tim- 
ings.  Horse  Art.  youngest  son  of  Mr.  J. 
Timings,  of  Worcester. 

Nov.  8.  On  his  way  to  Bombay,  aged 
36,  Charles  Prescott,  esq.  Civil  Service. 

Nov.  14.  At  Tellicherry,  aged  22, 
Cecilia,  wife  of  Henry  Lavie,  esq.  Lieut, 
and  Adj.  13th  N.  Inf. 

Nov.  16.  At  Nassick,  Bombay,  a^ed 
35,  Richard  Gray  Chambers,  esq.  Civil 
Service. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  Dec.  31,  1839,  to  Jan.  21,  1840. 


Christened. 
.Males         521  ) 
Females     518  J 


1039 


Buried. 

Males         479  ^  nw. 

Females     461  S  ^'^ 


iS 


2  and    5    98 

5  and  10    50 

10  and  20    46 


^  J  20  and  30    64 
Whereof  have  died  under  two  years  old  ...230   pq  /  30  and  40    83 

^40  and  50  74 


50  and 
60  and 
70  and 
80  and 


60  90 
70  102 
80  70 
90  30 


90  and  100   3 


A  \^ERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  Jan.  24. 


Wheat. 
s.  d. 
(j<)     I 


Barley. 

M.       d, 

39     10 


Oats. 

s.     d. 

24    2 


Rye. 

t,     d. 

38    6 


Beans. 

1.     d. 

42    5 


Peas. 
«•    d. 

41     II 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,    Jan.  24. 
Sussex  PockeLs,  2/.  0».  to  31.  3t.— Kent  Pockets,  2/.  2s.  to  6/.  6#. 


PRICE   OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Jan.  27. 
Hay,  3/.  :.i.  to  4/.  5x — Straw,  1/.  I6r.  to  2/.— Clover,  4/.  10#.  to  5/.  10#.  Od. 

SMITHFIELD,  Jan.  27.     To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81b8. 


Heef 3/. 

Mutton 4*. 

V^eal iis. 

Pork 4*. 


M.  to  4«.  10(/. 

2d.  to  bt.  (W. 

iM.  to  i3t.  {)d, 

Orf.  to  5*.  0</. 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Jan.  27. 

Beasts 2752     Calves  70 

Sheep 22,«0  Pigs      545 


COAL  MARKET,  Jan.  27. 
Walls  Ends,  from  20«.  \M.  to  24#.  'M.  per  ton.     Other  sorts  from  17#.  9d,  to  2I#.  Od, 

TALLOW,  per  cwt.— Town  Tallow,  55i.  Orf.     Yellow  Russia,  51#. 
CANDLES,  8f.  0^.  per  doz.     Moulds,  9#.  6</. 


PRICES  OF  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Brothers,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 

2.%  Change  Alley,  Cornhill. 

Birmingham  Canal,  219. Ellesmere  and     Chester,  81. Grand   Juncdon 

IHI. Kennet  and    Avon,  27. Leeds  and  Liverpool,   750. Regent's,   18 

Rochdale,  112. London  Dock  Stock,  6')^. St.  Katharine's,  106. East 

and   West  India,  105. Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railwav,  183. Grand  Junc- 
tion Water  Works,  675. ^V***'  Middlesex,  99. Globe  Insurance,    132. 

(iiiardian.  35§. Hope,  5|. Chartered  Gas,  571. Imperial  Gas,  54. 

Phoenix  Gas,  31. Indc|)endent  Gas,5<P. (ieneral  United  Gas,  37.— — >Canad« 

Land  Company,  28.— —Reversionary  Interest,  133. 


METEOROLOGtCAL  DIAHY,  by  W.CARY.  Strand. 

From  Dtcember  36,  1839,  1«  January  26,  1B40,  bolh  incluiivc. 
Fahrenheit's  Tberm. 


Fihrenheit'8 

rherm. 

1-^   ., 

OM 

S-s 

<=  ISJs 

B 

Si 

"3  E 

1  m 

Weather. 

Dec 

~r 

-  j  ° 

in.  pis. 

26 

41i 

50 

29,50 

cloudy,  rain 

87 

85 

45 

M 

;42 

elo«dj 

88 

36 

32 

,66 

do. 

S9 

38 

31 

30,30 

do.  fair. 

30 

31 

40 

41 

.2a 

f»ir,cldr.rn. 

31 

47 

49 

48 

29.80 

cloudy 

J.   J 

ao 

54 

53 

,70 

do.  fdir 

M 

51 

43 

,78 

bir,  cloudy 

43 

4» 

43 

.98 

cloudy 

3fl 

39  .  38 

,  90 

36 

38:  31 

,8.^ 

fair,  cloudy 

32 

36|  ^ 

30,10 

do. 

27 

31 

22 

20 

do. 

8 

80 

31 

31 

.  13 

cloudy 

9 

38 

35 

35 

,20 

do.  fog 

10 

34 

34 

» 

,46 

fair,  cloudy 

DAI 

From  Dtcmber  27, 


91  i 

J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock 


6^ 

It 

= 

1^ 

i 

r 

S     ■    Weather. 

Dec.      ■> 

in.  p(8.'! 

11   '  85 

35     34 

30,49  .fair 

12  '  36 

38  1  32 

,17    do. 

13     31 

42 

38 

,06  :do. 

14      10 

44. 

43 

89,96    cloudy 

15 

42 

45 

45 

30,  07  1  do.  rain 

16 

43 

47 

42 

29,  70    do. 

17 

41 

44 

38 

,  53  '  rain 

18 

42 

46 

50 

,  70    do.  fair 

19 

M 

50 

48 

,  51    do.do. windy 

20 

45 

*7 

54 

,  70    do.  do.do. 

21 

34 

51 

47 

,  3t    do.  do.  bail 

22 

50 

52 

40 

,  68    fair,  cloudy 
,  70  'ddy.  windy 

23 

49 

« 

53 

24 

53 

53 

42 

30,  03    do.  ruin,  do. 

25 

41 

41 

49 

89,  36  .  ivii 

STOCKS, 

28,  1840,  both  incluHv*. 


9  II  pm. 
11    8  pm. 

8  11  pm. 

9  12  pm. 
10  12  pm. 
10  12  pm. 
10  14  pm. 
13  15  pm. 
15  18  pm. 
18  20  pm. 
18  20  pm. 

18  20  pm. 

19  21  pm. 


7,  B.  nCEOLS  Mffi  Km,  f^  EAUUMUn 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

MARCH,  1840. 

Bv  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gbnt. 


CONTENTS.  ,xo. 

Minor  Cokrespondenci. — Body  of  Charles  I. — lodian  Faquin — Founder  of 

Guiiibrough  Priory. — **  ^lien  Greek  meets  Greek,"  &c SS6 

Lord  Brougham's  Historical  Sketches  of  Statesmen S27 

Heme's  Oak,  Windsor  Little  Park  {with  a  Plate)  \ S43 

Arrangements  of  the  State  Paper  Office. — Mr.  Tytler  and  Lord  Bnrghley S46 

The  Litigious  Character  of  the  Borough  of  Southwold S47 

On  Hallam's  Literary  History,  the  Council  of  Trent,  &c. — Bignon  and  Artaud — 
G.  Cassander — Ranke — Dr.  Arnold — Sarpi — PallaTicini  —  T.  Aquinas — 
Bodin — Episcopius — Capital  punishment  for  Heresy,  and  Catholic  oppo- 
nents of  Intolerance — The  Dying  Soi^  of  Poets,  &c.  &c S49 

Letter  from  Mr.  Hallam  on  the  Council  of  Trent,  and  Consultatio  Cassandri . .     358 

Mr.  T.  Rodd  on  the  order  of  the  publication  of  Shakespeare's  Plays,  the  Quarto 

Editions,  and  the  signature  to  his  Will SGO 

Sir  F.  Madden  on  the  orthography  of  Shakspere's  name — Ralegh — ^Buighley...     S62 

Mr.  Burgon  in  Tindication  of  the  receiTcd  Orthography,  Shakspeare« 864 

LicenRe  to  the  Duke  of  York's  Company  of  Players,  in  1611 1  Illustrations  of 

Shakspeare ;  and  the  Pronunciation  of  his  Name • .  •  • S6T 

Colonel  John  Jones  the  Regicide,  and  the  Jones's  of  Shrewsbury .  S70 

Antiquities  and  ornaments  of  Bremhill  Church,  Wilts  (with  m  Cut) ,     371 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 
Collier's  Farther  Particulars  regarding.  Shakespeare  and  his  Works,  873 ; 
Weaver's  Monumenta  Antiqua,  876 ;  Lathbury's  Guy  Fawkes,  880 ;  Lauito*s 
Proceedings,  &c.  at  Bethlem  Hospital,  883  ;  Cresy*s  Treatise  on  Bridge 
Building,  884  ;  Smith's  ComparatiTO  View  of  Ancient  History,  t^. ;  Wake's 
Southwold  and  its  Vicinity,  887 ;  Wright's  Political  Songs  of  England, 
'i98;  Miscellaneous  Reviews,  896;  Goo&ugh  on  Biblical  literature,  896; 
Shoberl's  Prince  Albert  and  the  House  of  Saxony ••••••..••.»     898' 

LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

lAAt  of  new  Publications,  300 ;  AbboUford  Club,  308 ;  Spalding  Club,  it. ; 
Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  ib.;  Royal  Institute  of  Britiih  Aidii- 
tects,i&. ;  Oxford  Architectural  Society. ; 303 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 

Society  of  Antiquaries,  304 ;  Roman  Inscription  discovered  on  the  coast  of 
Glamorgan 301  ' 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 

Parliamentary  Proceedings,  305  ;  Foreign  News,  307. — Domestic  Occurrences    306 
Promotions  and  Preferments,  318. — Births,  313. — Marriages 313 

OHITUARY  ;  with  Memoirs  of  the  Landgravine  of  Hesse  Homburg,  the  Mar- 
chioness  Dowager  of  Hastings,  the  Archbishop  of  Paris,  Gen.  Sir  James 
Duff,  Adm.  Sir  Henry  TroIIope,  Rear-Adm.  Bond,  Colonel  Kingscote, 
John  Beauclerk,  esq.  Benj.  Gott,  esq.  Sir  W.  Ellis,  Capt.  Gerani,  and 
Mr.  Robert  Reeve 31 5--386 

Clkrgy  Deceased,  3'i6. — Deaths  arranged  in  Counties 388 

Bill  of  Mortality— Markets— Prices  of  Shares,  335 «- Meteorological  Diary—Stocks    336* 

Embellished  with  a  View  of  Herne's    Oak,    Windsor  Little  Park;    a  View  of 
Stonehenge ;  and  an  ancient  Gravestone  at  Bremhilli  Wilts. 


226 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Id  our  last  Number  (p.  126)  we  alluded 
to  a  circumstance  attending  the  disinter- 
ment of  the  body  of  King  Charles  the 
First.  We  have  since  heard  from  un- 
doubted authority,  that  the  curious  fact 
mentioned  by  Sir  Henry  Halford,  was 
witnessed  and  attested  at  the  time  by  the 
Prince  Regent :  and  therefore  we  consider 
that  testimony,  with  Sir  Henry  Halford's, 
to  be  quite  sufficient  to  establish  it  as  an 
historical  fact»  not  hereafter  to  be  im- 
planed. 


Monsieur,  Paris,  Jan.  \9. 

J'ai  lu  avec  beaucoup  d'inti^rdt  dans  le 
deHlier  No.  du  Genflemafi'a  AfagaaHne  un 
article,  traduit  de  PHindoustani,  sur  les 
Faquirs  Indiens.  En  le  oomparant  avec 
le  texte  je  me  suis  assure  que  la  traduc- 
tion est  fiddle,  si  oe  n'est  en  deux  endroits 
((oe  je  prends  la  liberty  de  vous  indiquer 
id.  Je  me  ilatte  que  le  savant  auteur  de 
cet  article  ne  consid^rera  pas  ma  lettre 
comme  uhe  cri(3q*ue  importune,  mais  an 
cdfitraiiie  comm^  un  t^moignage  de  Pat- 
ttfntion  que  son  travail  a  excite. 

F.  29,  on  lit,. ''  They  (the  Joghees)  heal 
diseases  by  a  word,  and  instantly  know 
the  mind  of  a  stranger,  whether  fnend  or 
foe,  though  a  Joghee  is  a  friend  to  every 
oise." 

II  fallait  traduiror  **  They  heal  the  sick, 
being  about  to  die,  by  a  word,  and  in- 
standy  know  the  miud  of  a  stranger. 
Their  very  practice  is  eai^elessness  and  in- 
differenoer  for  friends.  It  is  true  to  say 
that  the  Joghee  it  the  friend  qf  no  one 
(this  last  sentence  is  a  proverb).*' 

£t  p.  30.  "  They  (the  Jutees)  say  that 
the, body  of. man  is  of  four  elements,  and, 
at  its  dissolution,  each  will  mingle  with  it» 
origin.  They  will  not  on  any  account 
give  people  nre  or  water,  which  all  other 
sects  of  Hindoos  think  it  their  duty  to  do, 
tfibugh  they  hold  it  to  be  a  good  act  to 
throw  oil  on  an  extinct  lamp." 

II  fallait  tradure,  «  They  ssy  that  the 
boidy  of  man  is  of  four  elements,  and,  at 
its  dissolution,  each  will  mingle  with  its 
origin.  Then  punishment  on  what  and 
for  ifhat  would  it  be  ?  According  to  that 
opinion,  they  say  that  it  is  not  proper  to 
give  to  corpses  nre  or  water,  which  in  the 
opinion  of  the  Hindoos  it  is  duty  to  do. 
They  say,  of  what  utility  is  it  to  throw  oil 
on  an  extiliet  IdMp  ?  *' 

J*ai  rhonneur  d'etre, 
Monsieiir,  &c. 

Gakoin  db  Tasst, 
Membre  de  Tlnstitut  de  France, 
ProfetMltr  d'Hiftdovftaiii,  &e. 
A  3fojii.  IJrhan. 


Mr.  Bruce,  of  York,  has  sent  nt  the 
following  note  addressed  to  the  Rev. 
Marmaduke  Prickett,  (now,  we  regret  to 
have  to  tell  him,)  no  longer  living  to  ac- 
knowledge the  intimation : — 

"  Rev.  Sir,  You  published  in  1835  a 
History  of  the  priory  church  of  Bridlington, 
and  at  page  66,  you  say  that  a  Richard 
Tyson  was  the  founder  of  Guxsbrough 
Priory.  Now,  according  to  Brompton, 
Leland^  Camden,  Dugdale,  Taantr,  Bur- 
ton, Graves,  &c.  &c.  it  was  fbonded  by 
Robert  de  Brus  (whom  I  now  represeot). 
Brompton's  words  are  as  fbUows  :— 
'<  Eodem  anno  (1129)  fundata  est  doikniu 
de  G3rsebunis  in  Clevdand  per  Raimrtmm 
de  BruSf  de  consensu  et  oonfirmstiaBM 
Pape  ct  ThuYstini  Eboracensis  arohiepis* 
copi,  ipsius  etiam  regis  Henrici."  There 
are  also  copies  of  tho  origixud  foundation 
charters,  the  charter  of  Peter  de  BnUy  Ro- 
bert son  of  William  de  Brus»  and  William 
King  of  Scotland,  aud  also  of  RidOutf 
KeHow,  bishop  of  Dm'ham ;  b«t  I  haws  not 
been  able  to  tnd  any  relating'  #»  pour 
founder,    I  sm>  Sir,  yours,  &e. 

**  William  Downiko  Brucb.*' 

A  Nsw  SoBsoAiBES  at  Edinbnrg^Mid 
we  hope  our  New  Subscribeis-  srt  as 
numerous  as  the  Old,  though  not  mich 
frequent  Correspondents,)  supplies  an 
answer  to  the  question  in  p.  1 14,  **  Where 
the  line 
*  When  Greek  meets  Gredc,  tkan  eomee  the 

tug  of  war/ 
is  to  be  found  ?  *'  He  will  find  it  m  the 
now  almost  obsolete  tragedy  of  Alexander 
the  Great.  It  is  in  the  baAq,a«t  seeae  of 
the  fourth  act,  where  Clytos  taunta  the 
young  Conqueror  with  the  superior  prowesa 
of  his  father  Philip— the  line  is,  eorrectly, 
''  When  Greeks  ioin'd  Of«ek^  then  itaa  the 

tag  of  war." 

H.  remarks  that  Mr*  WodderapoOn's 
error  respecting  the  Portrait  of  Judge 
Clench  (noticed  in  p.  181)  that  it  wim 
painted  by  Holbein^  probaMy  arose  Itmb 
the  very  pleasing  engraving  of  thaC  por- 
trait, etched  by  Holistr  m  1664,  wUeh  ia 
inserted  in  the  Chronica  Seriee  atfachad 
to  Dagdale*s  Ortgines  Jnridicialaa*  Tku 
Painter's  name  does  not  appear. 

We  tae.  obliged  to  defer  to  another 
month  several  welcome  cofmmunloationa, 
particularly  F.R.A.  on  Dr,  Dove  and  his 
horse  Nobbs ;  the  Vindication  of  the  Rev. 
Samn^  Bishop,  by  JoHAKNENais ;  thaag 
of  Mr.  C.  H.  Coopsn  and  M.  on  lh« 
use  of  Maces,  &c.  &c.  We  shaD 
hate  taom  for  the  kftters  el  B.  C.  D* 


X 


GENTLEMAN'S     MAGAZINE, 


Historical  Sketches  of  Statesmen  who  fiourUhed  in  the  Time  of  George  the 
nird,  Sfc.  First  and  second  Series,  By  Henry  Lord  Brougham. 
(839.    2  vols. 

LAVATER^  in  one  of  his  letters  to  a  philosophical  friend,  says,  "  J 
hold  it  to  be  quite  impossible  for  a  roan  of  originsdity  to  be  painted.     I 
am  a  lover  of  portraits,  and  yet  there  is  nothing  I  hate  so  roach  as  por- 
traits."^     What,  it  roay  be  asked,  did  the  philosophic  physiognomist 
mean  ?     Why — that  there  is  a  marked  distinction  between  the  reflectidi 
of  a  man*s  countenance  in  a  glass,  and  the  imitative  likeness  which  the 
painter,  through  lights  and  shadows,  forms  upon  the  "  breathing  wall.** 
'ilie  former  is  produced  without  effort  or  difficulty^-mechanical  and  common 
— the  latter  is  the  production  of  intense  and  penetrating  thoughtj— of 
rare  powers  of  abstraction  and  separation,  acquired  by  inUmate  acquaint- 
ance with  the  varied  features  of  the  human  race^  outward  symbols  of  their 
passions  and  feelings  ;  and  by  contemplating  them  through  the  medium  of 
the  art  which  is  to  be  exercised  upon  them,     llie  one  representing  what 
is  temporary,  casual,  and  changeable )  the  otlier,  what  is  permanent,  in^ 
herent,  and  characteristic,     in  the  mirrored  copy  of  the  one,  no  truth  b 
advanced,  no  knowledge  obtained ;  in  the  other^  by  the  abstraction  of  all 
that  is  unnecessary  and  irrelevant^— all  that  depends  on  temporary  and 
accidental  circumstances — the  leading  characteristics  become  prominent 
and  visible,  having  separated  themselves  from  what  incumbered  and  concealed 
them  before.     The  real  person  then  comes  forth,  formed  as  it  wore  of  the 
proper  and  iui perishable  elements  of  his  peculiar  character,  as  the  finished 
statue  may  be  said  to  walk  forth  from  the  quarry.     For  this  reason  Golo- 
ridgc  said  of  Cliantrey's  bust  of  Words  worthy  *'  that  it  was  more  like 
Wordsworth,  than  Wordsworth  himself  is."     Such  is  the  approprinle 
dignity  and  purpose  of  the  art,  whether  exercised  by  the  chisel  or  the 
pen.    That  it  is  one  of  great  difficulty  of  attainment,  is  seen  by  the  pandty 
of  its  superior  and  successful  productions ;   for,  to  reanimate  the  lifeless 
form,  to  catch  the  departed  spirit,  to  embody  it  in  another  shape,  and 
animate  it  with  a  portion  of  the  same  stherial  fire,  requires  not  only  mat 
original  genius,  but  very  extensive  knowledge,  acute  observation  of  mmnte 
and  particular  traits,  and  philosophical  power  of  generalising  what  has  been 
acquired.     It  demands  alike  the  faculty  of  abstraction  and  recoinposition  $ 
of  analytical  and  synthetical  argument  -,  nothing  being  too  minute  to  escape 
detection,  nothing  %o  comprehensive  and  complicated  as  to  defy  analysis. 

That  Lord  Brougham  entered  on  his  arduous  undertaking  of  drawing 
tlie  characters  of  late  and  contemporary  statesmen  with  all  necessary  endow- 
ments and  qualifications,  we  can  readily  believe.  With  an  understandiiy 
practical  as  well  as  refined,  with  great  acquirements  in  civil  and  political  wis* 
dom,  with  extensive  knowledge  of  men  in  social,  professional,  and  private  in- 


*  For  this  nying  of  LitTiter,  is  well  as  for  the  anecdote  of  Coleridge,  we  own  will<i 
iogiy  ow  obBgition  to  that  very  htterestiof  volume, "  Gnessss  at  Truth."  13nio.  1830. 


•30  Lard  Brougham*s  Historical  Sketehet  of  Sutietmen.     [ItatA, 

Such  was  the  eminent  person,  whose  intelligent  and  interestioy  pwtidit 
two  contemporary  statesmen  have  drawn  in  coloure  not  dissHnilnr  $  a&i 
the  guiding  motto  of  whose  conduct  seems  to  have  been,  "  to  dislike  aM 
councils  and  acts/'  olov  oxXos  ^iXci  voiiir.  (Thocyd.  iv.)  Owr 
personal  knowledge  hardly  serves  for  more  than  to  preserve  in  o«r 
ries  a  faint  shadow  of  his  singnlarly  high-bred  manner  and  pleasuig  gob- 
versation ;  but  we  are  fortunately  able  to  delight  our  readers  witli  «oae- 
thing  more  characteristic  than  can  be  drawn  from  the  fiddity  of  our  reosl- 
lectaon — to  lay  before  them  a  letter,  which  presents  well  the  quaint  anjd  finely 
manner  as  well  as  affectionate  feeling,  that  made  Mr.  Windham's  <Hine- 
spondence  so  dear  to  his  relations  and  friends,  it  relates  to  his  own  mar- 
riage,  and  was  written  in  1 798. 

to  all  the  love  I  bear  her,  but  mif^t  not 
do  so,  if  she  knew  how  ill  that  somelmiet 
has  been  requited.  You  must  keep  w^ 
therefore,  with  that  friend  ;  and  I»  on  mj 
part,  will  represent  you,  as  a  pattern  ^ 
reasonableness  and  propriety,  and  inno- 
cence and  meekness,  and  not  the  little 
wajrward,  perverse,  impertinent,  andipoilt 
thing  which  you  and  I,  and  your  moiher, 
and  a  few  others,  know  you  to  be.  Kitty, 
I  suppose,  is  so  intent  upon  her  own 
espousals,  that  she  will  have  no  leintre  to 
attend  to  mine,  except  to  think  it  very 
odd,  that  she  and  I  should  both  be  mar* 
ried,  or  about  to  be  so,  at  the  same  time. 

"  The  young  couple  has,  however,  vastly 
the  advantage  in  a  courtiihip ;  you  must 
not  suppose  that  Mrs.  Windham  and  I  ait 
with  our  heads  together  in  the  pteUy 
manner  in  which  we  have  seen  some  other 
people  do.  Pray  write  to  me  and  tell  me 
how  you  take  these  things,  and  whether 
you  think  that  I  have  been  C^ty  of  an 
unpardonable  breach  of  allegiance,  in 
daring  to  take  this  step  without  consaltiag 
you ;  or  whether  jou  will  still  condeicaad 
to  be  my  *  ch^re  petite,'  now  that  the  ao* 
vereignty  of  my  heart  is  traniferred  tP 
another.  Putting  the  dignity,  and  domU 
nion  out  of  the  question,  I  think  the 
'  ch^re  petite'  ought  to  feel  it,  as  a  oom* 
fortable  reflection,  that  she  has  anoiftei 
home  provided,  where  she  will  always  he 
received  with  the  same  tendemeis  and 
kindness  that  she  has  experiaafitd 
largely  in  her  own : — *  con  tutd  f 
ti  di  tenerezza  e  de  afficEiftMe,  vostro 
•amantissimo  zio,  W^W/  *' 


**  My  dear  ....  Beigate. 

**  I  suppose,  if  I  knew  all  your  imper- 
tinences when  hearing  that  I  was  become 
a  happy  man,  I  should  think  that  you  had 
very  well  settled  the  account,  and  that  no 
regret  would  be  felt  nor  apologies  made 
for  my  having  failed  to  tell  you  what  was 
to  happen  before  it  was  known  through 
the  medium  of  your  mother.  Young  peo- 
ple are  naturally  bashful  upon  these  sub- 
jects, and  I  could  not  bring  myself  to 
write  to  you,  till  the  matter  was  first 
broken  through  the  intervention  of  another. 
Pray  tell  me  whether  you  first  lauded  or 
looked  grave ;  whether  you  were  most 
diverted  with  the  thoughts  of  me  as  a 
married  man,  or  fearful  lest  a  new  situa- 
tnn  should  take  from  tlie  affection  which 
I  had  hitherto  felt  for  *  la  petite.'  'Tis 
certain  that  I  shall  be  a  most  exemplary 
husband ;  but  then  there  is  nothing  in- 
consistent with  that  in  loving  one^s  niece 
— toute  jolie  qu*elle  puisse  Pfitre — and 
especially  considering  how  long  the  attach- 
ment has  lasted,  and  how  faithfully  it  has 
been  kept  on  my  side,  though  not  always 
on  hers.  In  fact,  I  have  already  avowed 
my  passion,  and  obtained  a  regular  dis- 
pensation from  the  proper  authority  ;  so 
that  nothing  will  prevent  my  loving  as 
usual  *  la  ch^re'  but  the  levities, 
prices,  and  perversities  of  the  said 


ca- 


which,  to  be  sure,  might  well  have  got  the 
better  of  any  attachment  less  fixed  and 
faithful  than  mine.  I  shall  dissemble  my 
wrongs  in  this  respect  that  I  may  not  de- 
prive her  of  a  friend,  who  now  has  a  great 
interest  in  her,  and  can  reconcile  herself 


We  will  add  one  of  his  kind  and  sportive  notes  written  to  the  same  per- 
son in  French,  some  little  time  prccedi  ng. 


*'  Non,   ma  ch^re   Marie,  je  ne  vous 
abandonnerai  pas ;    mais   pour  la  moc- 


quene,  Je 
abstenir. 


ne   puis   promettre    ife  wtftia 
Que  vottlez  vous  q«e  je  dise 


a  sentence  that  surely  needs  a  sagacious  commentator  to  explain  it.  IawA  Brongham^s 
judgment  is  surely  more  correct,  when  he  says,  tiiat  all  Windham's  distingaished  qoSlitaea 
'*  were  all,  when  put  together,  unequal  to  the  task  of  raising  him  to  the  Urst  node** 
'*  His  nature,  too,  was  to  be  a  follower,  if  not  a  worshipper,  ratiier  than  an  origiBal 
thinker  or  actor,'*  &c. 


1840.]       L&rd  Brwg1uaC$  HuLorical  Sketche$  ^fStaiemoL  231 

a  «iie  fiUe  tendre  et  sensible,  qui  en  ^mu  d*iiiie  lettre  qui  ii*aniioiice  qvi  eeOe 
toivant  a  son  oncle,  met  en  ceoTre  Urates  qni  Ta  ^crite  n*a  pai  profits  de  ma  par- 
ies tcHunures  elegantes  qui  puisseDt  con-  mission :  qnoiqa'il  n'y  a  pas  un  ■**f«iatif 
Ycnir  k  nn  billet-doux.  Je  lui  r^pondrai  f^minin,  qni  pr^^e  le  participe,  et  qni  ea 
en  la  ridiculisant,  et  en  critiquant  lea  est  gonTemtf,  et  oil  je  lis  que  telle  choie 
fautes  grammaticales  de  son  stile.  La  I'ai  fait  surmonter  ?  c*est-a-dire  en  Aa- 
tendresse  ne  peut  rien  sur  moi,  k  moina  glais  hat  made  ker  to  ofereome— et  pin* 
d'etre  exprim^e  suivant  toutes  les  regies  de  sienrs  autret  choses  de  la  sorts.  Je  snig 
la  grammaire.  Cast  lorsque  le  yerbe  ac-  en<in  grammarien,  et  je  ne  puis  ^tre  gag^i^ 
corde  avec  son  substantif ,  que  la  tendresse  qui  par  eeui  qui  le  sont.  Yoilk  comme  je 
cat  irresistible.  Corrigez  done  votre  let-  vous  ai  soustrait,  queique  choae  que  j*avoit 
tre,  et  renvoyez  la  moi,  toute  corrig^,  et  ^rit ;  ce  n*6toit  pas,  je  vous  assure,  pwoe» 
alors,  peut  etre,  j'en  serai  touch^e.  Mais  qu'il  ne  contenoit  rien,  que  je  croyaig 
pour  le  present,  comment  pourrai-je  #tre  tous  deroir  6tre  d^sagr^ble.     Adieu !'  *'* 

We  next  turn  to  a  contemporary  statesman  of  another  country. 

In  the  character  of  tliis  person,  M.  Necker,  who  was  called  by  a  foreign 
country  to  take  the  helm,  when  shipwreck  was  all  but  inevitable,  LordBrongham 
has  justly  marked  his  wise  and  determined  operations  in  his  first  adminis- 
tration and  his  temporising  and  wavering  policy  in  his  subsequent ;  his 
compliance  one  day  with  the  people,  and  then  with  the  court,  stupefied 
inaction  alternating  with  pointless  and  ill-conducted  activity.  Lord 
Brougham  thinks  that  if  Necker  had  been  in  office  at  the  death  of  Maurepas, 
then  fourscore  years  old  and  upwards,  he  must  have  succeeded  to  his  place ; 
and  that  he  would  certainly  have  prevented  both  the  financial  embarrass- 
ments  which  led  to  the  Revolution,  and  the  assemblage  of  the  states,  which, 
occasioned  by  the  deficit,  was  its  proximate  cause.  Sir  James  Mack- 
intosh, however,  has  formed  a  different  opinion  of  that  statesman's  ability 
and  power  :  his  brief  sketch  of  him  we  shall  give. 

"  M.  Necker,  probably  upright   tad  to  his  privacy,  while  he  was  limited  to  it  ( 

not  illiberal,  but  narrow,  pusillanimous,  and  would  haTC  been  adjudged  by  history 

and  entangled  by  the  habit  of  detail  f  in  equal  to  his  elevation,  had  he  never  bMB 

which  he  had  been  reared,  possessed  not  elevated,  t    The  reputation  of  few  men,  it 

that  erect  and  intrepid  spirit,  those  en-  is  true,  has  been  expoaed  to  so  severo  a 

Urged  and  original  views,   which  adapt  test;  and  a  generous  obaerrer  will  be  dit- 

themselves  to  new  combinations  of  dr-  posed  to  scrutinise  leas  rigidly  the  dalas 

cumstances,  and  sway  in  the  great  convul-  of  a  statesman  who  has  retired  with  Um 

man  of  human  affairs.    Accustomed  to  the  applause  of  no  party,  who  is  detested  by 

trauquil  accuracy  of  commerce,  or  the  ele-  the  aristocracy  as  the  instrmneat  of  tbtfr 


gant  amusements  of   literature,   he  was     ruin,   and    despised  by  the 

called  on  *  to  ride  in  the  whirlwind,  and     leaders  for  pusillanimous  and  <i«f^itif 

direct  the  storm/     He  seemed  superior     |K>licy.     But  had  the  character  of  Nsckor 


*  An  interesting  memoir  of  Mr.  Windham  is  prefixed  to  his  Speeches  by  his  fritad 
Mr.  Amyot,  and  Mr.  Malone  printed,  soon  after  his  death,  a  sketch  of  him,  fbr  ni* 
vate  distribution.  To  some  persons  who  delight  in  the  smallest  recoUectioni  of  msa  of 
genius,  it  may  not  be  without  interest  to  hear  that  when  we  enterad  his  Ubrsiy  si 
Felbrigg,  some  little  time  after  his  death,  we  found  on  his  table  the  latest  books  ba  kad 
been  reading  ;  one  of  the  commentators  on  Aristotle,  a  Greek  grammarian,  aad  tht 
Marianne  of  Marivaux ;  the  lost  an  author  that  we  readily  believe  to  have  been  a  favoo- 
rite. 

t  See  Vind.  (;aIlirsB,  p.  30.  '*  The  late  Adam  Smith  always  held  this  opiakm  af 
Necker,  whom  he  had  known  intimately  when  a  banker  at  Paris.  He  predicted  tka 
fail  of  his  fame,  when  his  talents  should  be  brought  to  the  test,  and  always  emphati- 
cally said,  *  he  ift  but  a  man  of  detail.*  At  a  time  when  the  commercial  abilities  of  Mr. 
Kden  (Ld.  Auckland)  were  the  theme  of  profuse  eulogy,  Dr.  A.  Smith  characterised 
him  in  the  same  words.** 

\  Sophocles  asserts  that  power  and  office  are  necessary  as  proofs  of  wisdom. 

*A^ilXaP09  di  wain'6t  a»fy6t  mkimBup 

"ftvxn*  rt  Mil  iPpimffAa  urn  yv«ifii;ir  wpm  ^ 

*Apx7<^»,  «l  pofioiffuf  ivrpi^  <f>w^,  Aotif .  v.  101. 


232  Lord  Brougham's  Historical  Sketches  of  Statesmen »     [March» 


possessed  more  originality  or  decision ,  it  could  resist  the  torrent,  and  no 

could  have  had  little  influence  over  the  adequately  predict  the  terminatioii.     Ha 

fate  of  France.    The  minds  of  men  had  is  represented  by  M.  Calonne,  as  tbe  Loid 

received  an  impulse :  individual  aid  and  Sunderland  of  Louis  XVI.  sending  the 

individual  opposition  were  equally  vain.  King  to  destroy  his  own  power;  but  lit 

His  views  no  doubt  extended  only  to  pal-  had  neither  genius  nor  boldnesf  for  sadi 

liation,  but  he  was  involved  in  a  stream  designs/* 
of  opinions  and  events,  of  which  no  force 

In  the  delightful  Memoirs  of  the  Comte  de  Segur,  we  recollect  the  hooonr- 
able  and  affectionate  manner  in  which  he  speaks  of  the  virtues  of  one  whom 
be  had  familiarly  known,  and  closely  watched  in  his  path  of  peril.  He  says  it 
was  impossible  to  approach  Necker  without  being  affected  by  his  sentimenta 
and  feelings,  and  impressed  with  respect  for  his  character.     One  breathed, 
he  says,  an  air  of  simplicity  and  virtue  in  his  house,  which  was  quite  un- 
known elsewhere  in  the  midst  of  a  brilliant  court  and  a  corrupted  ca- 
pital.    "  L'envie  la  plus  haineuse  ne  saurait,  par  aucun  pretexte  plausible, 
refuser  ^  M.  Necker  la  plus  noble  caract^re,  une  &me  elev^e,  un  extreme 
amour  du  bien  public,  des  intentions  toujours  pures,  un  esprit  tr^  eten- 
dre,  et  une  brillante  eloquence.     Mais  it  4taU  d^une  autre  part,  ainsi  one 
le  roi,  plus  fort  en  principes  quen  actions.'*    These  Memoirs  should  be 
read  by  all  who  wish  to  understand  both  the  merits  of  Necker*s  short  adminis- 
tration, and  the  causes  of  its  termination.     He  says  the  religions  (devots) 
were  scandalised  in  seeing  a  Protestant  holding  the  helm  of  state ;  and  the 
nobles  and  wealthy  were  offended  at  the  pretensions  of  a  simple  Grenevau 
banker.     All  accused  him  of  pride  and  ambition,  and  the  confidence  of  the 
Monarch  gave  way.     Mad.  de  Genlis  mentions  the  contrast  between  the 
pompousness  and  swell  of  Necker*s  writings,  and  the  ease  and  simplicity  of 
bis  manners  and  conversation.  "  He  owed  (she  says)  to  a  short,  stout,  vulgar 
face,  an  air  of  bonhommie  ;  and  this,  added  to  his  clever  conversation,  in 
which  there  generally  mingled  causticity,  gave  him  an  appearance  of  origi- 
nality.    He  had  a  great  deal  of  talent,  and  would  have   been  a  good 
writer,  if  he  had  not  formed  his  style  in  the  school  of  M.  Thomas  ^  and 
the  habitual  elegance  of  his  manners  would  have  rendered  him  distin- 
guished, if  he  had  not  spoiled  it  by  ostentation  and  every  absurdity  which 
springs  from  vanity  and  unbounded  pretensions.*'    When  Buonaparte  vi- 
sited him  at  Coppet,  in  1 800,  on  his  march  to  Marengo,  he  designated  his 
venerable  host^  as  "  Regent  de  Ck>ll6ge,  bien  lourd  and  bien  boursofle'*— a 
college  tutor,  very  heavy  and  very  turgid.* 

Perceval, — It  is  not  with  the  intention  of  remarking  on  Lord  Brougham's 
portrait  of  Mr.  Perceval,  or  of  supplying  any  part  that  may  be  thought 
deficient,  that  we  have  introduced  his  name ;  but  with  the  humbler  thongh 
perhaps  more  interesting  motive  of  mentioning  a  very  remarkable  drcum- 
stance  which  attended  the  melancholy  death  of  this  amiable  and  excellent 
person,  and  which  we  presume  may  be  new  to  our  readers.  Dr.  Aber- 
crombie,  so  well  known  by  his  medical  and  metaphysical  works,  and  by 
the  light  which  he  has  been  able  to  reflect  from  one  science  to  another, 
gives  us  the  following  story  of  a  dream  which  occurred  in  Cornwall  to  a 
gentleman  of  the  name  of  Williams  of  Scorrier  House;  and  the  particnlars 
of  which  he  derived,  through  a  friend,  from  Mr.  Williams  himself. 


*  For  some  account  of  Necker  and  his  administration,  see  the  Memoirs  of  the 
Princesse  de  Lamballe,  voL  i.  p.  343  ;  ii.  p.  153.  B.  Constant  considered  that  none  of 
the  works  of  Madame  de  Stael  gave  such  a  faithful  and  vivid  portrait  of  bar  own 
mind,  as  her  Memoir  on  her  father's  life — "  Ia  Vie  priv^  de  M.  Necker." — 8ee 
Vie  de  Mme.  de  Sta6l|  par  M.  de  Saussureii''  p.  101. 


1 840.]       Lord  Brougham's  Historical  Sketches  of  Statesmen.  233 

"  Eight    days  before    the  murder  of  occurred  two  days  previously.     Being  in 

tlie  late   Mr.  Perceval  (of  whom  he  had  London  a  short    time   subsequently,  he 

no   previous    knowledge    whatevor)    Mr.  found  in  the  printshops  a  representatioa 

Williams  dreamt  that  he  was  in  the  lobby  of  the  scene,  and  recognixed  in  it   the 

of  the  House  of  Commons,   and   saw   a  countenances  and  dress  of  the  parties,  the 

small  man  enter,  dressed  in  a  blue  coat,  blood  on  Mr.  Perceval's  waistcoat,  and  the 

and  white  waistcoat.     Immediately  after  peculiar  yellow  basket  buttons  on  Belling- 

he  saw  a  man  dressed  in  a  brown  coat  with  ham's  coat,  precisely  as  he  had  seen  them 

yellow  basket-metal  buttons,  draw  a  pistol  in  his  dream. '     To  this  account  by  Dr. 

from  under  his  coat,  and  discharge  it  at  Abercrombie,  a  person  to  whom  Mr.  Wil- 

the  former,  who  instantly  fell,  the  blood  liams  had  more  than  once  circumstantially 

issuing  from  a  wound  a  little  below  the  related  his  dream  (Dr.  Carlyon)  adds,  that 

left  breast.     He  saw  the  murderer  seized  Mr.  Hill,  a  barrister,  and  grandson  of 

by  some  gentlemen  who  were  present,  and  Mr.  Williams,  states,  that  Mr.    Williams 

obst>r\'ed  his  countenance,  and  on  asking  '  heard  the  report  of  the  pistol,  saw  the 

who  the  gentleman   was  who   was  shot,  blood  fly  and  stain  the  waistcoat,  and  saw 

he    was    told     it     was    the     Chancellor  the  colour  of  the  face  change.*     He  like- 

of   the    Exchequer.      He     then    awoke  wise  mentions  that  '  on  the  day  following 

and  mentioned  the  dream  to  his  wife,  who  the  dream,  he  went  to  Godolphin,  with 

made  light  of  it ;  but  in  the  course  of  the  Messrs.  Robert  W.  Fox,  and  his  brother, 

night  the  dream  occurred  three  times,  with-  Mr.  W.  Williams,  and  on  his  return  home 

out  the  least  variation.     He  was  now  so  informed  them  of  the  dream,  and  of  the 

much  impressed  with  it  that  he  felt  much  uneasiness  of  his  mind  on  the  subject ; 

idolined  to  give  notice  to  Mr.  Perceval,  uneasiness  in  great  measure  arising  from 

but  was  dissuaded  by  some  friends  whom  he  his  doubts  about  the  propriety  of  annonnc- 

eonKulted,  who  told  him  he  would  only  get  ing  a  dream  which  had  made  so  great  an 

himself  treated  as  a  fanatic.  On  the  even-  impression  on  himself  to  the  friends  of 

ing  of  the  eighth  day  after  he  received  the  Mr.  Perceval ;  but  he  allowed  himself  to 

account  of  the  murder,  the  murder  having  be  laughed  out  of  any  such  intention.*  " 

Sir  P.  Francis, — The  account  given  by  Lord  Brougham  of  this  somewhat 
(^ccentric  and  remarkable  person  leads  naturally  to  the  subject  of  Junius/ 

'*  His  own   style  of  writing  (he  says)  antithetical,  and  thus  wearing  the  appear- 

was    admirable,    excelling    in    clearness,  ance  of  more  labour  than  strict  taste  might 

abounding    in    happy    idiomatic    terms,  justify,  it  had  the  essential  quality  of  bdag 

not    overloaded    with    either    words   or  so  pellucid  as  to  leave  no  cloud  over  the 

figures,   but  not  rejecting    either   bean-  meaning,  and  seemed  so  impregnated  irith 

tiful  phrases  or  appropriate  ornament.    It  the  writer's  mind  as  to  wear  Uie  appear- 

v% as  somewhat  sententious,  and  even  ab-  ance  of  being  perfectly  natural,  notwidi- 

rupt,  like  his  manner  ;  it  did  not  flow  very  standing  the  artificial  textnre  of  the  com- 

Muoothly,  much  less  fall  impetuously,  but  position.     In  diction  it  was  exceedingly 

ill  force  and  effect  it  was  by  no  means  pure,'*  &c. 
wanting ;    and,    though    somewhat   more 

III  tracing  the  chain  of  evidence^  as  to  his  claim  to  these  letters,  Lord 
Brougham  mentions  the  perfect  coincidence  between  their  dates  and  Sir 
P.  Francis's  changes  of  residence  -,  the  interest  which  Junius  felt  in  the 
affairs  of  the  War  Office,  of  which  Sir  P.  Francis  was  a  clerk  ;  and  the 
nirious  circumstance  that  Mr.  Francis  was  dismissed  from  his  office  in 
1772,  and  after  January  1773  Junius  wrote  no  more;  and  further,  Mr. 
Francis,  the  lately  dismissed  clerk,  was  sent  out  a  member  of  Council  to 
Calcutta  !  Junius  generally  shows  great  regard  or  forbearance  towards 
the  family  of  Lord  Holland,  who  had  been  the  patron  of  himself  and  his 


*  What  may  be  considered  as  adding  to  the  singularity  of  the  dream  and  its 
prophetic  vision  is,  that  at  the  time  when  it  took  place  the  assassin  was  meditating 
mt  the  death  of  Mr,  Perceval,  but  ^f  lAtrd  Granville,  who,  he  considered,  had  neg- 
lected him  at  St.  Petersburg ;  but  Mr.  Perceval  fell  first  in  his  way,  and  if  Mr. 
Perceval  had  not  suddenly  moved  forward  to  obey  a  summons  brought  by  a  mes- 
senger, Mr.  Stephen,  who  was  on  his  left  side,  would  have  been  the  victim.  Tktu 
Mr.  yfiltiame  was  dreaming  qfa  mnrdtr  which  no  ont  wot  imagining  or  devirimg^ 
but  which,  in  fact,  took  place, 

Gb.nt.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII.  2H 


234  Lord  Brougham's  Historical  Sketchet  of  Statesmen.     [Mardi, 

father  $  he  showed  sreat  personal  kindness  towards  Woodfall  :^noiir 
Sir  p.  Francis  and  Woodfall  had  been  schoolfellows  and  on  friendly  terms 
through  life,  and  Junius  seems  to  have  been  apprehensive  that  Wao^aU 
kneo)  who  he  wax.    Further,-— 

"  It  is  known  that  Junius  attended  in  Lord  Chatham.    There  if  a  remarkable 

the  gallery  of  the  House  of  Commons,  coincidence  with  Junius  in  some  panagea 

and  3iat  he  has  occasionally  quoted  the  de-  given  by  both,  necessarily  unknown  to 

bates  from  his  own  recollection.    Sir  P.  each  other,  and  unaccountable  umUae  ihtg 

Francis  did  the  same,  and  he  communi-  were  one  and  the  tame  person.** 
Gated  his  notes  to  Almon,  for  his  Life  of 

''  All  these,  and  other  matters  (says  Lord  Brougham)  of  external  eri* 
dence^  make  out  a  case  of  circumstantial  proof  sufficiently  striking,  and  strong 
enough  to  render  the  identity  highly  probable.  Is  the  internal  evidence 
equally  strong  ?  It  is  the  singidarity  of  this  question,  that*  whereas 
in  almost  all  other  cases  the  proof  rests  chiefly,  if  not  wholly,  on  compa-' 
rison  qfsii/lesy  and  there  is  Uttle  or  no  external  evidence  either  way,  here, 
in  proportion  as  the  latter  is  abundant  the  former  is  scanty.'*  It  appears 
that  there  are  a  few  peculiar  turns  of  expression  common  to  both,  but 
here  all  similarity  ends  3  but  on  the  fact  of  the  evidence  of  the  band- 
writing  Lord  Brougham  gives  the  following  curious  circumstance : 

'*  A  remarkable  writing  of  Sir  P.  Fran-  bnough.     The  authorship  is   csertainly 

ds  was  recovered  by  the  late  Mr.  D.  Giles,  not  proved  by  this  resemUanoe,  even  if 

to  whose  sister  he  had  many  years  before  it  were  admitted,  to  prove  that  Sir  P. 

sent  a  copy  of  verses  with  a  letter  written  Francis  had  been  empfojred  to  copy  the 

in  a    feigned  hand.      Upon    comparing  letters  ;  but  the  importance  of  the  hdt  as 

this  fiction  with  the  fac-simUes  produc-  a  circumstance  in  the  chain  of  evidence  is 

ed  by  Woodfall    of  Junius*s  hand,  the  undeniable.'' 
two  were  found  to  tally  accurately 

It  appears  that  Sir  P.  Francis  always  took  great  interest  in  the  work, 
and  that  sufficient  reasons  are  not  wanting  to  show  why  he  should  oonoeal 
or  even  deny  bis  authorship.  He  always  considered  his  own  writings  as 
superior  to  the  far-famed  Letters.  Upon  the  whole  view  of  the  question. 
Lord  Brougham  says — 

"  It  is  equally  true  that  these  answers  If  he    had    felt  tbe  imputation  of  the 

(denials)  are  not   inconsistent    with  the  authorship  to  be  so  ffrievooi    a   charge 

supposition  of  his  having  had  a  knowledge  against  him,  he  has  foU  right  to  plead  tbe 

of  the  secret,   and  even  been  engaged  in  integrity  and  honour  of  lit  whole  life  in 

the  copying  of  the  letters,  without  being  vindication    from    the  main  accosatioD ; 

their  author ;  and  it  must  be  added  that  while  his  only  being  privy  to  tlie  secret 

the  same  supposition  tallies  also  with  the  would  imply  no  crimiiudity  at  all,  and  his 

greater  part,  if  not  the  whole,  of  the  cir-  having  had  a  merely  mecfaanlod  share  in 

cumstances  above  detailed.    In  thit  beli^  the  publication  might  be  acooonted  for  by 

t7  t>,  upon  the  whole ^  perhaps,  both  most  private  authority,  or  by  official  or  personal 

reasonable  and  most  charitable  to  rest,  relationship.*' 

In  his  account  of  Home  Tooke,  Lord  Brougham  for  a  moment  recon  to 
the  same  subject,  and  we  meet  with  his  opinion  of  the  writer  whose  idcn* 
tity  has  hitherto  baffled  the  sagacity  of  the  most  acute  and  most  indostrioos 
inquirers.     He  says, — 

"  The  last  greatest  effort   which   the  which  the  name  of  Maaifield  was  reeol- 

shallowt  violent,  and  unprincipled  writer  lected  by  Sir  P.  Frauds,  salted  cioood 

made  was  against  the  illustrious   judge,  ingly  with  the  hypothesis  of  hia  i^^Qty 

and  it  was  attended  with  a  signal  discomfi-  with  Junius ;  and  Home  Tooke'a  hMnd 

ture,  sufficient  to  account  for  his  ceasing  to  of  Francis  seems  to  be  to  h^wj  a 

write  under  a  name  then  exposed  to  con-  on  his  part  of  lonie 

tempt  for  an  arrogance  which  no  resources  anonymous  writer*" 
sustained.    Hence,  the   bitterness   with 


1 840.]       Lord  Brougham* $  Hiotorkd  SiHOoi  n/  SMMmmu  Hi 

As  we  are  now  upon  the  subject  of  evidenooy  we  may  add  that  Sir  J. 
Mackintosh  came,  after  careful  inquiries,  to  the  con€lnsion»  that,  whoever 
was  the  author  of  these  Letters,  he  was  connected  with  the  Gremnlle  party  | 
but  we  know  also  that  the  late  Mr.  Windham  always  suspected  Gibbon  to  be 
the  author.*  AVilkes  threw  his  suspicions  on  Butler,  Bishop  of  Hereford ; 
and  Dr.  S.  Parr  was  positive  (according  to  his  usual  disposition)  that  Mr. 
Lloyd  was  the  man  of  the  iron  mask.  **  I  tell  you,*'  says  he  to  a  corres- 
pondent, *'  and  tell  you  peremptorily^  that  it  was  Mr.  Lloyd,  secretuy 
to  G.  Grenvillcf  '*  The  late  Mr.  Barker  says-*'' that  Georse  the  Third 
told  General  D— s,  when  he  was  riding  with  him,  that  he  knew  the 
author  of  Junius  ;  but  Queen  Charlotte  informed  her  son,  the  Duke  of 
Sussex,  that  the  King  was  ignorant  of  the  author."  To  turn,  however, 
from  a  somewhat  late  as  well  as  apparently  fruitless  search  after  evi- 
dence, to  the  Letters  themselves,  we  find  Lord  Brougham  caUii^  the 
writer  '<  lAailoto,  vio^cyi/,  and  unprmeipM;**  nor  would  it  be  difficulty 
perhaps,  to  support  the  justice  of  these  epithets ;  but  Juniu8*s  Letters 
have,  in  our  eyes,  dropt  much  of  their  party-colour,  and  are  seldom  read 
with  any  great  sympathy  towards  the  transactions  or  persons  whom  they 
\ituperate.  They  have  become  merely  a  portion  of  the  literary  historv  of 
the  country  ;  and  it  is  on  that  account  that  the  interest  concerning  them 
seems  to  be  passing  fast  away*  It  will  not,  however^  be  without  advan* 
tagc  to  give  the  sentiments  of  one  or  two  judges  of  compomtion  (now  that 
wc  can  look  calmly  on  compositions  that  once  appeared  to  be  written  in 
letters  of  flame)  regardinff  these  learned  and  elmnt  libels )  for  assuredly 
they  must  possess  a  merit  (powerful  u  they  were;  which  the  few  vean  tint 
have  succcMsded  cannot  have  wholly  blotted  out.  We  shall  make  a  few 
extracts  from  works  that  lie  before  ua.  **  The  great  art  of  Jnnhn  (saya 
Mr.  Coleridge  })  is  never  to  say  too  much,  and  to  avokl,  with  equd 
anxiety,  a  common-pUce  manner,  and  matter  that  is  not  oommon-plaoe* 
If  ever  he  deviates  into  any  originality  of  thought,  he  takes  care  thai  It 
shall  be  such  as  excites  surprise  fmr  its  acuteness  ratlier  than  admirattoa 
for  its  profundity.  He  takes  care  ?— aay,  rather,  that  Natare  took  cwa 
for  him.  //  i$  impossiiU  to  tktractfrom  the  merit  oftkem  LeUmto.  Tkej 
arc  suited  to  their  purpose,  and  perfect  in  their  land ;  they  impel  lie 
action — not  thought.  Had  they  been  profound  or  subtle  in  thooghlj  er 
msycstic  and  sweeping  in  composition^  they  would  have  been  adaiSed  la 
the  closet  of  a  Sidnev,  or  for  a  House  of  Lords  svch  as  it  was  in  toe  tine 
of  Lord  Bacon  ;  but  they  are  plain  and  sensible,  whenever  the  anther  la  fai 
the  right ;  and,  whether  right  or  wrong,  always  shrewd  and  epignuamatie, 
and  fitted  for  the  coffee-house,  the  bbby  of  the  House  of  Commonai  and  ta 

*  Mr.  (Single-gpeech)  Hamilton  ones  coafesssd  to  an  <"><—»*  Ikiend^"  that  ha 
cmdd  have  written  better  pepen  than  those  of  Janlof  .**  At  another  time,  when  a 
particalar  paaaage  was  impated  to  hia,  hs  flew  Into  a  passkm,  and  protested  that  "If 
he  had  written  auch  a  paaaafe  aa  that*  he  afaonld  have  thoagfat  \tM  had  Ibrieited  aB 
preteDtioai  to  good  taste  or  oompoakion  for  ever."     See  Bd.  Re?.  Oet  ItW,  p.  16S* 

t  See  Bfbliothcca  Parriana,  p.  407 .— "  The  writer  of  Jaaias  was  Mr.  Uofd»  saars- 
tary  to  G.  GreuTiUe,  and  bromr  of  PUHp  Uoyd,  Dean  of  Norwich.  TUa  wm  oae  day 
or  other  be  generally  acknowledged."  it  moat,  however,  be  reccdleeled  tiwt  Jaaiw 
wrote  a  letter  to  WoodfaU  on  the  19th  July,  and  tkmi  Mr.  XlofiT  dki  om  tk§  9SU  ^ 
ik€  satm§  tmmtk  /  Farther,  ia  hia  10th  letter  Jmthu  Utehimt  dU  kntmhi§t  ^  Jljr. 
Grtmvilk!  It  is  aaid  that  Dr.  B.  Fanner  tnt  rfiisiifrsrf  lioyd,  sad  that  wtthontsay 
communication  between  the  partiea.  The  same  ooii\isctars  wss  nada  by  ths  v«iy 
learned  Dr.  Nathaniel  Foratar,  of  Cokhastw. 

X  See  Literary  Ronsiasi  ToL  iL  p.  848. 


236  Lord  Brougham's  Historical  Sketches  of  Statesmen.     [Marcli» 

be  read  aloud  at  a  public  meeting.  When  connected,  dropping  the  form 
of  connection,  desultory  without  abruptness  or  appearance  of  disconnec- 
tion, epigrammatic  and  antithetical  to  excess,  sententious  and  personal, 
regardless  o/ right  or  xvrong f  yet  well  skilled  to  act  the  part  of  an  ho- 
nest warm-hearted  man  3  and  even  when  he  is  in  the  right,  saying  the 
truth,  but  never  proving  it,  much  less  attempting  to  bottom  it.  This  is 
the  character  of  Junius,  and  on  this  character,  and  in  the  mould  of  these 
writings,  must  every  man  cast  himself  who  would  wish,  in  factions  times, 
to  be  the  important  and  long-remembered  agent  of  a  faction,"  &c.* 

Of  his  "  Graudis  Epistola/*  the  letter  to  the  King,  Mr.  Coleridge  thns 
gives  his  judgment :  "  This  address  to  the  King  is  almost  faultless  in 
composition,  and  has  been  evidently  tormented  with  the  file.     But  it  has 
fewer  beauties  than  any  other  long  letter  of  Junius,  and  it  is  utterly  un- 
dramatic.     There  is  nothing  in  the  style,  the  transitions,  or  the  senti- 
ments, which  represents  the  passions  of  a  man  emboldening  himself  to 
address  his  sovereign  personally.     Like  a  Presbyterian  prayer,  you  may 
substitute  almost  everywhere  the  third  for  the  second  person  without  in- 
jury.     The   newspaper,   his    closet,  and  his  own  person,    were    alone 
present  to  the  author's  intention  and  imagination.     This  makes  the  com- 
position vapid.     It  possesses  an  Isocratic  correctness,  when  it  should  have 
had  the  force  and  drama  of  an  oration  of  Demosthenes.     From  this,  how- 
ever, the  paragraph  beginning  with  the  words,  '  as  to  the  Scotcli,*  and 
also  the  two  last  paragraphs,  must  be  honourably  excepted.     They  are, 
perhaps,  tlie  finest  passages  in  the  whole  collection."     We  pass  on  from 
the  above  examination  of  the  merits  of  Junius,  which  appears  to  us  correct 
and  convincing,  to  the  sentiments  of'  one  on  whose  critical  decision  we 
ought  to  rely  with  confidence,  as  he  is  esteemed  to  be  one  of  the  great 
masters  of  composition  himself.     ''His    words    (says  Mr.  S*  Landor) 
are  always  elegant,  his    sentences  sonorous,  his  attacks   vigorous,   and 
rarely  misplaced.     Still  those  only  can  be  called  great  writers  who  bring 
to  bear  on  their  subject  more  than  a  few  high  faculties  of  the  mind.     1 
require  accuracy  of  perception,  variety  of  mood,  of  manners,  of  cadence, 
imagination,  reflection,  force,  sweetness,  copiousness,  depth,  perspicuity, 
a  princely  negligence  of  little  things,  and  the  proof  that,  although  he  has 
seized   much,  he    hath   also  left   much   unappropriated.      Let   me   see 
nothing  too  trim,   nothing   too    irrecondite.      Equal    solicitude   is    not 
to  be  exerted  on  ail  ideas  alike :    some  are  brought   into  the  follness 
of  light,  some  are   adumbrated.      Then  come   those  graces  and  allure- 
ments, for  which  we  have  few    and  homely  names,  but  which   among 
the  ancients  had  many,  and  expressive  of  delight  and  divinity— Illecebrae 
— Veneres  :  these,  like  the  figures  that  hold  the  lamps  on  staircases,  both 
invite  us,  and  shew  us  the  way  up,"  &c.t     An  eloquent  but  anonymous 
writer  J  has  attributed  effects  to  these  dark  and  envenomed  shafts,  wrhich 
pierced  even  to  the  regal  chambers,  too  afflicting  and  awful,  we  trust,  to  be 
true.     He  says  :  "  The  sharp  and  j>oisoued  razor  of  Junius  had  cut  to  the 
heart,  and  touched  all  that  was  sacred  with  a  most  unhallowed  edge.     Its 
mangling  and  scornful  wounds  had  exposed,  to  the  hatred  and  ridicule  of  the 


*  This  passage  is  followed  by  a  critical  analysis  of  Junius's  Letters,  written  with 
Mr.  Coleridge's  acuteness,  knowledge,  and  taste.  He  remarks  that  all  Jonioi's  lonf 
sentences  are  inelegant. 

t  See  Landor's  Imaginary  Conversations,  toI.  ii.  p.  161. 

t  See  Quarterly  Review,  No.  LXXXIV.  .p.  308. 


1 840.]       Lord  Broughams  Historical  Sketches  of  Statesmen.  237 

public,  a  Majesty  which  deserve  J  the  most  opposite  treatment ;  and  no 
doubt  inspired  into  the  bosom  of  a  venerable  and  most  conscientious 
Sovereign  f  anxieties ,  sorrows,  and  disgusts,  which  contributed  to  so  many  long 
r/ears  of  inexpressible  misery.'* 

To  Home  Tooke  the  author  of  these  portraits  has  done  justice,  both  by 
the  accuracy  of  his  delineation  in  particular  parts,  and  by  his  impartisd 
and  copious  survey  of  the  whole  character  of  his  mind,  as  a  politician 
and  philosopher.  Lord  Brougham  speaks  with  just  admiration  of  the 
''grandeur  of  the  leading  idea  "  of  his  philosophy  in  grammar;  though 
when  he  calls  him  a  **  master  of  the  old  Saxon — the  root  of  our  noble 
language/'  he  gives  him  credit  for  a  depth  of  erudition  which  would  not 
be  allowed  for  a  moment  among  the  far  more  learned  Saxonists  of  the 
])rcsentday  ;  compared  to  whose  profound  investigations  and  more  copious 
stores  of  information,  the  acquirements  of  the  author  of  the  Diversions 
would  be  reckoned  scanty,  if  not  superficial.  The  praise,  too,  which  still 
must  justly  be  bestowed  on  him,  must  be  confined  to  his  philological 
inquiries,  and  not  extend  to  those  philosophical  inferences  which  have 
justly  drawn  on  him  the  animadversions  of  Stewart  and  other  philosophers, 
whose  territory  he  not  only  endeavoured  to  invade,  but  to  destroy  j 
or  rather  he  wished  to  prove,  that  they  had  been  living  altogether  in 
cioud'luud,  when  they  fancied  themselves  extending  their  researches  on 
terra- ftrma.  As  he  wished  to  prove  the  word  Metaphysic  to  be  nonsense, 
wo  may  well  conceive  in  what  estimation  Metaphysicians  would  be  held  by 
him.  •*  Home  Tooke's  style,"  says  Sir  J.  Mackintosh,  **  is  certainly  excel- 
lent ;  it  has  a  terse  and  poignant  simplicity  which  places  him,  if  not 
the  hrst,  at  least  very  near  the  first  among  our  unornamented  writers.  He 
is  as  clear  as  Swift,  without  being  ever  either  so  slovenly  or  dry.  His 
phiiiuicss  by  no  means  excludes  elegance  ;  on  the  contrary,  it  has  a  cer- 
tain correct  and  conscientious  air,  which  gives  a  most  undeserved  authority 
ti>  his  invectives.  As  to  praise,  he  confines  it  to  a  few  of  his  own  syco- 
))hants )  he  praises  nobody  that  deserves  it,  except  rogues.  His  invec- 
tives against  his  age,  country,  and  his  literary  contemporaries,  are  un« 
worthy  of  a  wise  or  good  man.  His  temper  is  soured,  and  his  character 
corrupted  bff  philology  and  disap]>ointed  ambition.  With  an  admirable 
simplicity  of  style,  his  book  shews  no  simplicity  of  character  3  he  is  fall 
of  petty  tricks  to  entangle  and  surprise  his  reader  \  he  prepares  for  every 
statcme?)t  by  exciting  wonder.  He  never  makes  it  plainly,  but  always 
triumphs  over  the  bUndness  of  the  whole  human  race,  who  left  him  the  dis- 
i oveiy  ;  he  scarcely  ever  tells  every  thing,  but  leaves  curiosity  unsatedj 
and  gives  mysterious  hints  of  what  he  is  to  do  in  future.  All  this  seems  to 
mc  more  worthy  of  a  quack  or  an  hierophant,  than  a  philosopher."*  AVhen 
\Am\  Brougham  sjKaks  of  the  discoveries  which  Tooke  made  in  the  science 
of  grammar,  we  must  still  not  forget  that  his  great  and  leading  principle 
had  been  seen  and  acknowledged  by  others.f  The  Count  de  (lebelin,  iu 
the  first  volume  of  his  Monde  Primitif,  mentions  and  proves  by  many 
examples,  that  the  |>articles,  i.  e.  the  indeclinable  parts  of  si)eech,  conjunc- 
tions, prepositions,  &c.  are  derived  from  other  words,  verbs  or  nouns,  of 
whicli  they  are  merely  abbreviations  ;  that  these  particles,  therefore, 
which  the  ancient  grammarians,  and  after  them  Harris  and  Ix>cke,  sup- 


•  Sec  Mcmoirj*  of  Sir  J.  Mackintosh,  vol.  ii.  p.  'i.i7. 

f  "All  that  is  true  in  H.  Tooke's  book  is  taken  from  Lennekt  who  never  pretended 
to  make  a  system  of  it.  Tooke's  abase  Qf  HarrU  ii  moit  shtilow  and  unfiurt''  Vt 
Coleridge's  Table  T«lk,  vol.  i.  p.  lit). 


238  Lord  BroughanCs  Historical  Sketches  of  Statesmen.    [March, 

posed  not  to  have  any  signification,  except  when  taken  in  combination  with 
other  words,  have  all  essentially  and  intrinsically  a  meaning  in  themselves  $ 
and  that  by  a  careful  investigation  in  primitive  languages*  we  may  dis- 
cover what  that  meaning  is.  See  what  he  says  of  the  conjunctions,  p.  344, 
seq.  and  of  the  prepositions,  p.  304,  et  seq.*  After  making  a  willing  ac- 
knowledgment of  Mr.  Tooke  s  great  merits  in  giving  to  the  principles  of 
grammar  a  broader  and  more  philosophical  basis  than  it  had  before^  we 
must  not  be  so  partial  as  not  to  observe,  that  his  fondness  for  favourite 
hypotheses  often  induced  him  to  extend  his  conclusions  beyond  the  line  of 
truth  and  fact  -,  and  that  his  acquisition  in  the  structure  of  the  Saxon 
was  not  so  accurate  and  full  as  to  prevent  him  falling  into  considerable 
errors  on  important  points.  We  should  do  wrong  to  our  readers  did  we  not 
presentthem,onthis  subject,  with  the  opinions  of  one  who  gives  ample  proofs 
in  his  criticism  of  the  copious  sources  from  which  it  springs.  Speaking  of 
words,  as,  "  ellcs,"  "  algates,"  "  whiles,"  which  like  *'  once,*'  *'  twice,'* 
'*  thrice,"  &c.  have  taken  the  form  of  the  genitive  absolute^  he  observes  : 
**  This  law  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  language,  and  in  fact  of  every  scion  from 
the  great  Teutonic  stock,  has  been  wholly  overlooked  by  Mr,  Tooke.  Nor 
is  it  mentioned  here  with  a  view  to  disparage  the  great  and  important 
services  of  this  distinguished  scholar,  but  as  a  collateral  proof,  if  such  be 
wanting,  of  his  veracity  in  declaring  that  all  his  conclusions  were  the  result 
of  reasoning  ^  priori^  and  that  they  were  formed  lon^  before  he  could  read 
a  line  of  Gothic  or  Anglo-Saxon.  To  those  who  will  be  at  the  trouble  of 
examining  Mr.  Tooke's  theory,  and  his  own  peculiar  illustration  of  it,  it 
will  soon  be  evident  that,  though  no  objection  can  be  offered  to  his  general 
results,  yet  his  details,  more  especially  those  contained  in  his  first  volunUf 
may  he  contested  nearly  as  often  as  they  are  admitted.  The  cause  of  this 
will  be  found  in  what  Mr.  Tooke  himself  has  related  of  the  manner  in 
which  those  results  have  been  obtained,  combined  with  another  circum- 
stance which  he  did  not  think  it  of  importance  to  communicate,  but 
which,  as  he  certainly  did  not  feel  its  consequences,  he  could  have  no  im- 
proper motive  for  concealing.  The  simple  truth  is,  that  Mr.  Tooke,  with 
whom,  like  every  man  of  an  active  mind,  idleness — in  his  case,  perhaps,  the 
idleness  of  a  busy  political  life — ranked  as  an  enjoyment,  only  investigated 
his  system  at  its  two  extremes — the  root  and  the  summit-^thc  Anglo- 
Saxon  and  English — from  the  I3tli  century  downwards  ;  and  having  satis- 
fied himself,  on  a  review  of  its  condition  in  those  two  stages,  that  his  pre* 
vious  convictions  were  on  the  whole  correct,  he  abandoned  all  further  ex^ 
amination  of  the  subject.f  The  former,  I  should  feel  disposed  to  believe,  he 
chiefly  studied  in  Lye's  I  Vocabulary  :  of  the  latter  he  had  certainly  ample 
experience.  But  in  passing  over  the  intervening  space,  and  we  might  say 
for  want  of  a  due  knowledge  of  those  numerous  laws  which  govern  the 
Anglo-Saxon  grammar,  (and  no  language  can  be  familiar  to  us  without  a 
similar  knowledge,)  a  variety  of  the  fainter  lines  and  minor  features,  all 
contributing  to  give  both  force  and  expression  to  our  language,  entirely 


*  The  criticisms  on  the  Diversions  of  Parley,  written  by  Cassander,  and  which  hmT* 
been  attributed  to  Mr.  Windham,  was  written  by  Mr.  Bruchuer,  of  Norwich,  a  pupil 
of  Valcknaer. 

t  See  some  mistakes  of  Tooke's  pointed  out  in  a  very  able  and  philosophical  review 
of  Pritchard  on  the  Celtic  Languages,  in  Quarterly  Review,  No.  CXIII.  p.  80, 
Art.  IV. 

t  Lye's  Diet.  Saxonicum  sold  at  the  sale  of  !!•  Tooke*s  Library  for  34As  his  oopy 
of  Johnsoa'i  Dictionary  for  200/. 


1 840.]       Lord  Bfougham^s  Historical  Sketches  of  Statesmen,  239 

escaped  bim,  and  hence  the  facilities  with  which  his  system  has  been 
made  the  subject  of  attack  -,  though  in  fact,  it  is  not  the  system  which  has 
been  vulnerable,  but  Mr.  Tooke's  occasionally  loose  application  of  it.**  * 
Living,  as  Mr.  Tooke  did,  always  as  it  were  in  the  eye  of  the  world  j  giving 
as  much  of  his  leisure  to  the  hustings  and  the  King*s  Bench  as  to  his  own 
houie  y  mixing  in  almost  every  rank  of  society^  and  in  all  he  was  found  to 
shine ;  carrying  his  literature  into  politics,  and  then  throwing  back  his 
politics  into  his  literary  disquisitions ;  too  restless  to  remain  in  repose, 
too  ambitious  to  be  content  with  the  approbation  of  the  few^  and  too  eager 
for  fame  to  wait  for  its  slow  but  certain  progress  ;  rejoicing  in  the  turba- 
leuce  of  faction,  as  the  raven  is  said  to  delight  in  a  conflict  with  the  storm ; 
idolized  by  some,  and  dreaded  and  avoided  by  others  ;    presenting  the 
somewhat  singular  phenomenon  of  a  philosophical  grammarian  tried  and 
imprisoned  for  treason,  and  of  a  clergyman  taking  his  seat  in  Parliament 
and  haranguing  in  the  Senate  ;  surrounded  by  a  mental  and  moral  at- 
mosphere of  a  most  peculiar  kind  ,  accompanied,  whenever  he  discoarsed, 
by  flying  squadrons  of  the    most  startling   paradoxes,  which  kept    all 
the  avenues  to  his  real  sentiments  unapproachable  -,  vigorous  in  under* 
standing,  choice  and  select  in  literary  attainments  -,  full  of  anecdote  and 
wit  J  alike  capable  of  wounding  his  adversary  with  the  finest  edge  of  the 
most  delicate  irony,  or  crushing  him  under  the  fearful  storm  of  the  bitterest 
sarcasm  and  contempt,  or  just  touching  him  as  he  passed  with  the  cruel 
caustic  of  a  sneer,  the  ^ap^ovios  yeXuts  that  made  the  blood  run  cold  and 
the  tongue  cleave  to  the   mouth  :  of  such  a  man  it  is  not  to  be  won- 
dered at,  that  the  personal   accounts,  anecdotes,  and  histories,  which 
the  general  curiosity  has  called  forth,  are  so  numerous,  as  to  leave  scarcely 
a  portion  of  his  character  in  the  shade.     "  Home  Tooke  (says  Coleridge) 
left  upon  mc  the  impression  of  being  a  keen  iron  man.*'     There  is,  how- 
ever, one  account  of  this  extraordinary  person,  f  surpassing  all   others, 
wc    think,    in    compass     and    correctness    of    observation,    cleverness 
of  portraiture,  soundness  of  reasoning  and  inference,  and  elegance  of 
language,  which  has  been  ascribed,  we  suppose  justly,  to  the  late  Lord 
Dudley,  at  whose  house,  in  his  later  days,  we  believe  Tooke  to  have  been 
more  than  once  a  guest )  and  thus  we  bid  farewell  to  one,  in  whose  tur« 
])ul(Mit  bosom  the  very  soul  of  old  Scioppius  seems  to  have  transmigrated:** 
"  Homo,  ut  notissimum  est,  ingenii   maligni,  et  oris  maledicentissimi,  qui 
propter  prsestantissimoram  et  de  re  literari£k  optime  meritorum  viromm  in- 
vidias  ac  ingeniosas  calumniationes  merito  CANIS  grammaticus  appel- 
latur."  J 

C\)uld  wc  go  through  these  volumes  with  the  patient  fideUty  of  the  com- 
mentator, we  should  find  many  subjects  discnssed,  and  many  characters 
|H>urt rayed,  to  which  a  note  might  advantageously  be  joined,  that  the  in- 
formation given  might  be  more  perfect  or  more  correct ;  and  in  the  first  place 
we  should  loudly  remonstrate  against  a  considerable  portion  of  the  memoir 
of  (irorge  the  Ihird,  and,  indeed,  against  the  spirit  in  which  the  whole  is 
(■on)iH)se(l.     Read  the  following  paragraph  : — 

"  The  instant  that  his  prerogative  was  pride,  the  most  bitter  animosity,  the  most 
roncerncd,  or  hii  bigotry  interfered  with,  calculating  coldness  of  heart,  the  most 
or  \\\n  will  thwarted,  the  most  unbending     unforgiving  resentment,  took  possession 


*  See  note  of  Warton's  Engl.  Poetry,  f  ol.  ii.  p.  49S,  ed.  8to. 

t  See  Quarterly  Review,  No.  XIV. 

I  See  lAmbccii  Prodrom*  Uiitor.  Lib.  1. 


240  Lord  Brougham's  Hittorical  Sketches  of  Statesmen.     [Mardi, 

of  his  whole  breast  and  swayed  it  by  turns,  ning  which  mental  alienation  u  siippoied 

The  habits  of  friendshipyi' the  ties  of  blood,  to  whet,  were  ready  to  circamyent  or  de- 

the  dictates  of  conscience,   the  rules  of  stroy  all  who   interposed  an  obstacle  to 

honesty,  were  alike  forgotten ;  and  the  fury  the  fierceness  of  unbridled  desire." 
of  the  tyrant,  with  the  resources  of  a  cun- 

Are  we  contemplating  one  of  the  dark  portraits  of  Tacitus,  or  listening 
to  a  highly-coloured  invective  of  Juvenal  ?  Can  this  "  instautis  vnltos 
tyranni"  be  the  portrait  of  an  English  King  ?  Are  we  to  transfer  to  onr 
own  annals,  and  those  too  of  the  present  day,  the  picture  that  was  draim 
for  a  distant  and  different  time  ?  **  Non  enim  Tiberium,  quanqnau 
triennio  post  caedem  Sejani,  qusc  vcteres  mollire  solent,  tempus,  pieces, 
satias  mitigabant,  quin  incerta  vel  abolita  pro  gravissimis  ac  recentissimis 
puniret  ?"  If  any  thing  could  redeem  this  paragraph,  which  to  our  ears 
reads  more  like  the  angry  invective  of  a  sophist's  declamation  than  the 
calm  judgment  of  a  philosophic  statesman,  it  would  be  the  excellent  olriec- 
tions  at  p.  13,  regarding  the  royal  prerogative  and  the  influence  of  the 
sovereign  in  the  administration  of  public  affairs. 

P.  44.  Among  the  many  accomplishments  of  the  great  liOrd  Chatham, 
Lord  Brougham  has  mentioned,  "  That  he  took  peculiar  pleasure  in  garden- 
ing, and  had  even  an  extremely  happy  taste  in  laying  out  grounds."  To 
this  we  add,  that  there  still  remains  a  villa  in  Enfield  Chase,  the  grounds 
of  which  were  disposed  by  Lord  Chatham,  and  which,  if  found  to  be  suffi- 
ciently preserved  in  their  original  form,  it  is  intended  to  view  with  the  object 
of  making  his  taste  known.  Lord  Brougham  mentions  that  many  of  Jjord 
Chatham's  speeches  in  the  House  of  Commons,  as  now  preserved,  were 
assuredly  the  composition  of  Dr.  Johnson,t "  whose  measured  style,  formal 
periods,  laboured  antitheses,  and  total  want  of  pure  racy  English,  betray 
their  author  at  every  line,  while  each  debater  is  made  to  speak  exactly  in 
the  same  manner."  This  is  true,  as  Johnson  declared  that  the  only  part  of 
his  writings  that  gave  him  any  compunction  was  his  account  of  the  de- 
bates J  but  at  the  time  he  wrote  them  he  did  not  think  he  was  imposing 
on  the  world.  The  mode,  he  said,  was  to  fix  upon  a  speaker's  name,  then 
to  make  an  argument  for  him,  and  conjure  up  an  answer.  Mr.  Archdeacon 
Coxe  tells  us,  "  The  tnith  is,  that  Johnson  constantly  received  notes  and 
heads  of  speeches  from  persons  employed  by  Cave,  and  particularly  from 
Guthrie.  The  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  Douglas,  recollects  to  have  seen 
several  of  these  notes,  which  Guthrie  communicated  to  him  on  the  very  day 
when  he  obtained  them,  which  were  regularly  transmitted  to  Johnson,  and 
formed  the  basis  of  his  orations."  (8ee  Life  of  Sir  R.  Walpole,  vol.  i. 
p.  xxii.) 

At  p.  43,  and  again  at  p.  182,  are  ver}'  just  and  critical  comparisons 
drawn  between  the  style  of  the  eloquence  of  Demosthenes  and  that  of  Fox 
and  Chatham,  and  the  great  distinction  clearly  shewn. 

At  p.  140  Lord  Brougham  says,  **  The  signal  blunder  which  Bacon  long 


♦  •'  The  habits  of  friendship  !"     Was  the  writer  thinking  of  those, 

*'  In  quorum  facie,  miserse  mag:n8eque  sedebat 
Pallor  amicitite.'* 
t  Every  one  recollects  the  passage  in  the  translation  of  the  tenth  gatire  of  Joveikal» 
speaking  of  the  Queen  of  Hungary, 

The  Queen,  the  beauty  sets  the  world  in  arms. 

Compare  Debates  (on  the  Address,  1741)  **  Did  it  not  appear  too  jnvenile  and  ro- 
mantic, I  might  add  that  her  personal  excellencies  [the  Queen's]  are  such  as  might  Cill 
armies  to  her  assistance  from  the  remotest  comers  of  the  earth,''  &c«  toL  i.  p.  4f5* 
2 


1 840.]       Lard  Brougkam'i  HUiarical  Skdchei  of  Statamen,  241 

ago  exposed  of  confounding  the  yoath  with  the  age  of  the  species^  was 
never  committed  by  any  one  more  glaringly  than  by  this  great  reasoner, 
(Sir  ^^^  Grant).  He  it  was  who  first  employed  the  well-known  phrase  of 
the  *  wisdom  of  our  ancestors.'  "  We  shall  scarcely  stop  to  obsen^e  that 
this  word  "  blunder  "  is  not  exactly  that  which  we  should  have  chosen  to 
express  what  is  here  supposed  to  be  an  erroneous  view  of  the  subject ;  but 
we  will  borrow  a  far  abler  pen  than  ours,  as  the  point  is  not  without  interest. 
"  Pascal,"  says  Mr.  Hallam,  ''  has  the  same  idea  as  Bacon,  that  the 
ancients  were  properly  the  children  among  mankind.  Not  only  each  maQ» 
he  says,  advances  daily  in  science,  but  all  men  collectively  make  a  con* 
stant  progress,  so  that  all  generations  of  mankind,  during  so  many  ages, 
may  be  considered  as  one  mauj  always  subsisting  and  always  learning ;  and 
the  old  age  of  this  universal  man  is  not  to  be  sought  in  the  period  next  his 
birth,  but  in  that  which  is  most  removed  from  it.  Those  wc  call  ancients 
were  truly  novices  in  all  things  ;  and  we,  who  have  added  to  all  they  knew 
the  experience  of  so  many  succeeding  ages,  have  a  better  claim  to  that 
antiquity  which  we  revere  in  them.  In  this,  with  much  ingenuity  and 
much  truth,  there  is  a  certain  mixture  of  fallacy,  which  I  will  not  ventore 
to  point  out.*'  *  On  this  point,  so  broadly  and  unequivocally  stated  by  Pascal 
as  well  as  Bacon,  we  may  remark,  firstly,  "  That  it  does  not  appear  by 
experience  that  all  men  collectively  make  a  constant  progress  -,**  but  that 
they  are  often,  from  the  action  of  certain  causes,  seen  to  retrograde,  and 
oven  lose  all  traces  of  their  former  progress.  Secondly,  That  we  modems 
have  not  ^'  added  to  all  they  knew  the  experience  of  so  manv  succeeding 
ages,"  since  much  that  has  been  known  is  lost :  pages  and  chapters  have 
been  torn  out  of  the  history  of  man  ;  and  even  books  have  been  written  on 
the  "  IxMt  Arts."t  Thirdly,  when  it  is  said,  "That  men  are  always 
learning,"  it  must  also  be  observed,  that  the  great  master  rules  of  wisdom, 
the  leading  principles  of  knowledge,  the  most  important  deductions  of 
reasoning,  and  the  firmest  conclusions  of  experience,  appear  to  have  been 
formed  in  early  stages  of  society.  Fourthly,  The.  genius  of  man  is  not 
transmissible  ;  and  thus,  those  arts  which  depended  for  their  perfection  on 
the  genius  of  individuals,  and  which  appeared  in  such  early  splendour,  hare 
declined,  and  even  some  of  their  principles  are  now  unknown.  Lutly, 
from  some  law  of  nature,  from  some  cause  perhaps  undiscemible  by  ns,  the 
greatest  and  most  gigantic  intellects,  the  most  powerful  and  fertile  miods, 
the  most  inventive,  creative,  in  fact  the  highest  genins,  seem  to  arise  in 
full  effulgence  in  the  very  dawn  of  national  existence  and  civilization.  We 
may  s|)eak  cither  separately  of  the  history  of  particular  states,  or  more 
generally  of  the  larger  and  more  comprehensive  annals  of  the  world.  On 
this  account  we  first  feel  and  acknowledge  our  present  inferiority,  and 
consequently  regard  the  ancients  with  the  deference  due  to  superior  minds. 
In  all  countries  the  most  eminent  persons  have  appeared  among  the  earliest ; 
the  most  valuable  and  renowned  works,  the  masterpieces  of  wisdom,  that 
have  approached  nearest  to  the  highest  perfection  known,  bear  the  stamp  of 
antiquity.     We  speak  of  the  "  wisdom  of  the  ancients,"  we  "  look  with 


'*  S«e  IlaUam*!  Intrud.  to  Literature,  vol.  iv.  p.  242. 

t  Ad  ingenioiu  writer  has  clasHcd  *'  Architecture,  aacred  mniic,  sculpture,  hiitorieal 
painting,  and  epic  and  dramatic  poetry,  among  the  Loit  Arit  ;**  to  which,  he  says,  will 
soon  be  added  the  art  of  govemmrnt ;  to  which  ire  should  add  acting,  and  dancing  in  its 
highest  symbolic  signification.  Sec  Guesses  at  Truth,  p.  %*3.  **  We  have  no  adequate 
conception  (says  Mr.  Coleridge)  of  the  perfection  of  the  aneieni  tragic  dance,**  V. 
Table  Talk,  i.  52. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol,  XIII.  2  I 


242  Lord  Broughams  Historical  SketcJieS  of  Statesmen.      [March, 

reverence  towards  antiquity/*  and  we  feel  that  its  productions  have  a  vigour^ 
a  freshness,  and  a  power,  which  seem  to  symbolize  with  the  original 
fertility  of  the  material  world.  We  listen  to  the  sacred  oracles  of  su- 
perior wisdom  which  appear  intuitive.  From  the  monuments  of  the  dif- 
ferent arts  which  survive  for  us  to  admire  or  to  imitate^  we  presume  that 
the  inventors  of  them  had  sounded  all  the  depths  of  scientific  inquiry^  had 
ascertained  the  existence  and  examined  the  truth  of  the  remotest  princi- 
ples, had  conducted  their  investigations  by  the  most  delicate  and  perfect 
analogies,  had  combined  them  by  the  most  original  views  -,  and  thus  suc- 
cessfully perfecteS  their  almost  divine  creations,  to  the  excellence  of  which 
all  late  eflforts  have  failed  to  reach.  It  is  for  these  reasons  that  we  do  not 
reckon  the  ancients  to  be  *'  the  children,"  but  the  venerable  and  revered 
preceptors  of  mankind,  the  masters  and  lords  of  the  realm  of  thought.  By 
denying  them  the  title  of  ancients,  neither  Bacon  nor  Pascal  could  refuse 
their  claim  to  the  highest  excellence  and  perfection  to  which  the  genius  of 
man  has  ever  attained.  The  rest  is  merely  a  verbal  ambiguity  not  worth 
disputing,  seeing  that  the  feeling  itself  is  founded  not  on  blind  authority, 
but  on  reasonable  conviction.  *^  We  must  not,"  says  M.  Aurelius,  '*  adopt  the 
opinion  of  our  fathers,  like  children,  only  because  they  were  held  by  our 
fathers."* 

At  p.  178,  Lord  Brougham  calls  Mr.  Fox  "the  mosit  accomplished 
debater  that  ever  appeared."  Now  this  word,  we  presume,  was  not  chosen 
by  the  writer  without  his  conviction  that  it  expressed  with  peculiar  pro- 
priety the  character,  and  perhaps  the  measure,  of  Mr.  Fox's  eloquence.  It 
was  the  very  word  which  Burke  had  previously  used  on  the  same  subject. 
He  mentioned  "  Mr.  Fox  as  one  who,  by  slow  degrees,  had  become  the  most 
brilliant  and  accomplished  debater  he  had  ever  seen."  On  this  Dr.  Samuel 
Parr  observes,  *'  He  spoke  not,  and  he  must  have  been  conscious  of  not 
speaking,  the  whole  truth. . .  .  He  must  have  known  that  the  epithets  *  roost 
brilliant  and  accomplished, '  did  not  make  the  term  '  debater  *  co-extensive 
with  the  aggregate  of  Mr.  Fox's  merits  as  a  public  speaker.  He  must 
have  known  that  a  Dunning,  a  Tliurlow,  and  a  North  might,  with  consum- 
mate propriety,  have  been  described  as  accomplished  and  most  powerful 
debaters.  He  must  have  known  that  he  had  himself  seen  in  Mr.  Sheridan 
and  Mr.  Pitt  debaters  more  brilliant,  if  not  more  accomplished,  than  Mr. 
Fox  ;  according  to  the  obvious  and  established  signification  of  the  words, 
he  must  have  known  that  by  the  slightest  touch  of  his  wand,  the  debater,  in 
the  twinkling  of  an  eye,  might  have  been  transformed  into  an  orator,**  &c.t 

But  we  must  now  draw  to  a  conclusion,  not  however,  before  we  have 
animadverted  on  the  exceedingly  bad  taste  of  a  passage  in  the  life  of  Lord 
Liverpool,  on  which  the  writer  employs  his  satire  against  the  Catos  and 
Columellas,  the  country  squires  and  rural  magistrates,  the  class  of  the 
"  Pannosus  vacuis  aedilis  Ulubris/'  who,  he  says,  considered  Mr.  Canning's 
poetical  allusions  as  insults,  and  in  whose  mouth  he  places  the  following 
speech:  *' Well,  well,  but  it  was  out  of  place, — we  have  nothing  to  do 
with  King  Priam  here,  or  with  a  heathen  god  such  as  iEolus  :  these  kind  of 
folks  are  very  well  in  Pope's  Homer  and  Dryden's  Virgil ;  but,  as  I  said 


*  See  M.  Aur.  Anton,  de  Seips.  lib.  iv.  c.  52. 

t  See  Philopatris  Varvicensis,  p.  'iGO.  The  Doctor  exhausts  his  vials  of  wrath  on  Mr. 
Burke's  head,  through  more  than  twenty  pages  of  learned  vituperation,  for  thisezprei- 
sion  ;  and  even  then  the  Garagantua  of  grammariaQS  leaves  the  field  of  slaughter  growl- 
ing and  unappeased. 


1 8    40.]  Hemes  Oak,  Windsor  Little  Park.  243 

to  Sir  Robert,  who  sat  next  me, '  What  have  I  or  you  to  do  with  them 
matters  ?'  I  like  a  good  plain  man  of  business,  like  young  Mr.  Jenkinson ; 
a  man  of  tlic  })€n  and  the  desk.  Let  me  tell  you  Mr.  Canning  speaks  too 
much  by  half.  Time  is  short, — there  are  only  twenty-four  hours  in 
the  day,  you  know."  This  effusion  approaches  too  near  the  *'dicacita8 
scurrilis  et  scenica'*  to  be  received  with  satisfaction,  and  the  writer  should 
have  recollected,  "  Male  etiam  dicitur  quod  in  plures  conveuit.*'  There 
arc  a  few  expressions,  and  but  few,  in  the  language,  that  we  should  wish  to 
alter  :  among  these  would  be  (vol.  i.  p.  30)  *'  When  the  conversation  roUed 
upon  lost  works,"  for  "  turned.**  P.  5 1 .  "  The  Duke  of  Grafton. . . .  any 
one  thing  rather  than  the  character  painted  by  Junius."  P.  1 02.  **  The  secret 
had  not  been  discovered  o{ posting  second-rate  men  3**  and  at  p.  23,  Lord 
Brougham  hiis  taken  from  poetry  the  word  *'  gratulate/'  without  much 
bcneht  from  the  trausplantation. 


IIEBNb's  oak,  WINDSOR  LITTLE    PARK. 

(mthaPlate.) 

Mk.  Urban,  certain  tree,  ycleped  Heme's  Oak, 
SOME  observations  by  Mr.  Jesse  which  had  been  recently  cut  down 
having  occurred  in  your  number  for  and  manufactured  into  snuff-boxes, 
January  1839«  on  the  identity  of  &c.  as  well  as  the  pretensions  of 
Heme's  Oak,  in  contradiction  to  a  another  tree  still  existing,  more  lately, 
statement  of  the  Quarterly  Review;  and  perhaps  more  truly,  called  Heme's 
and  these  having  been  commented  Oak,  though  Gilpin  thought  it  was  too 
upon  by  the  editor  of  the  "  Pictorial  young  to  be  entitled  to  such  honour. 
ShaksptTc,"  I  beg  to  present  you  with  Since  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Jesse 
an  accurate  portrait  of  the  tree  so  to  the  surveyorship  of  the  royal  parks 
(knominatcd,  and  of  its  accompani-  and  palaces,  this  gentleman  has  ex 
inents,  as  they  appeared  in  1822.  officio,  and,  no  doubt,  con  amove,  be- 
Since  my  sketch  was  painted,  this  come  acquainted  with  each  sire  of 
venerable  tree  has  been  protected  from  Windsor  forest ;  but  he  may  not  haTo 
the  wanton  injury  of  curiosity-mongers  had  such  ample  opportunity  for  in- 
by  a  fence  ;  but  many  of  its  larger  vestigating  the  matter  through  the 
branches  have  "  toppled  "  to  its  base,  testimony  of  old  inhabitants  of  the 
and  it  is  now  completely  "  bald  with  town  as  Mr.  Knight  has  had. 
dry  anti(iuity. "  The  low  ground  "  Non  nostmm  tantas  componcrc 
"hard  by,"  which  is  "the  pit"  of  lites;"  for,  notwithstanding  all  the 
Sir  Parson  Kvans  and  his  fairies,  has  arguments  of  either  party,  "  adhac 
been  almost  filled  up  with  rubbish  sub  judice  lis  est."  Their  difference, 
from  the  old  castle,  and  would  have  however,  seems  to  be  less  as  to  the 
been  altogether  effaced  but  for  that  site,  than  as  to  the  identity,  of  our 
feeling  against  the  unnecessary  dc-  subject.  But,  familiar  as  we  are  with 
struction  of  any  local  illustration  of  this  site,  it  would  be  difficult  to  make 
ulden  times  which  your  Repertory  ourselves  intelligible  without  a  ground- 
has  so  long  inculcated  and  so  arduous-  plan  of  the  castlc-ditch,  the  pit,  and 
ly  cherished.  all  those  trees,  both  formerly,  and  yet. 
In  judging  of  the  aforesaid  con-  standing  near  them.  During  the  next 
troversial  inquiries,  the  reader  should  summer  we  will  carefully  review  the 
refer  to  the  work  of  Mr.  Charles  locality,  and  impart  to  you  any  new 
Knight,  the  ingenious  editor  alluded  opinion  we  may  form  about  it,  aided 
to,  who  is  a  native  of  Windsor,  and  by  that  of  "  every  old  woman  in 
therein  passed  the  chief  part  of  his  Windsor"  from  whom  we  can  gain 
youth.  He  was  probably,  even  in  his  authentic  intelligence. 
"  boyish  days,  "  intelligent  enough  In  the  mean  time,  having  no  better 
to  know  tlie  historical  character  of  a  evidence  ihao   tradition  whereon  to 


244 


kerne's  Oak,  PTmdsor  titth  Fork. 


[Mitch, 


found  our  present  judgment,  although 
we  confess  that  Mr.  Knight's  inform- 
ation has  somewhat  modified  it,  we 
must  maintain  with  Mr.  Jesse  that 
the  isolated  position  (as  shewn  in  our 
plate)  of  this  ancient  oak  in  William 
the  Third's  avenue  of  elms,  strongly 
indicates  some  reason  for  thus  admit- 
ting it  into  their  company  and  protec- 
tion ;  and  this  reason  was,  probably, 
the  honour  it  had  acquired,  1 50  years 
ago,  from  the  reputation  of  as  long  a 
previous  period,  of  being  the  identical 
Heme's  Oak  of  our  immortal  Bard  : 


"  provided  always  "  that  ShAkespea^'s 
local  portraitures  were  not  lach  pic- 
turesque compositions,  got  up  of  de- 
tached bits,  merely  for  poetical  effect* 
as  those  of  too  many  pseudo-histo- 
rical novelists  and  romancers  of  the 
present  day. 

Trusting  that  in  the  course  of  his 
"  Disquisitions  on  the  scenes  of  Shake- 
speare "  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hunter,  the  most 
acutely  learned  of  our  whole  host  of 
Shakespearian  commentators,  will 
more  ably  elucidate  this  subject, 

I  am,  yours,  &c.  Plantaobnet. 


KERNELS  OAK. 

Wherefore  doth  young  Imagination  boast 

Creative  powers ;  if  what  is  worshipp'd  most^ 

Most  lov'd, — she  cannot  rescue  from  decay, 

And  give  to  natural  age  a  second  day  ? 

Recall  green  Windsor's  glades — the  voice  that  spoke 

In  strains  immortal  of  the  ''  HUNTER'S  OAK  -,  " 

And  let  her  to  this  aged  tree,  which  now 

Stands  like  a  skeleton  with  leafless  bough, 

(Spoil  of  a  hundred  winters  j )  let  her  bring 

Garlands,  and  deck  its  withered  arms  with  Spring  3 

And  let  the  vernal  lark  above  it  sing. 

Shoot  forth,  ye  leaves,  where  bees  in  summer  dwell  -, 

Ye  breezes,  of  its  ancient  glories  tell. 

When  on  the  turf  were  tiny  footsteps  seen. 

And  with  her  elvish  brood  the  Fairy  Queen 

Danced  in  light  morrice  on  the  moonlight  green. 

Then  there  was  mask  and  minstrelsy : — the  light 

Of  hurrying  tapers  glittering  thro*  the  night. 

And  hark  !  what  sudden  peals  of  laughter  shake ; 

What  vizards  strange  arc  peeping  from  the  brake ! 

Twas  thus  insulted  Love,  so  says  the  song. 

With  witty  mockery  reveng'd  its  wrong, 

Thus  punish'd  '^  sinful  Phantasie," —  the  fire 

Of  lust,  that's  *'  kindled  by  unchaste  desire :  " 

Oh  !  then  the  frolics  of  those  days  recall, 

Laugh  at  the  baffled  Knight's  unseemly  fall ; 

And  let  the  "HUNTER'S  OAK  "  revive  agen. 

Drawing  a  second  youth  from  SHAKSPEARE'S  Pen. 


B^h^ll,  Feb.  24. 


J.  M. 


Mr.  Tythr  and  the  Siate  Paper  Office. 


1840.] 

Mr.  Uhban, 

IN  the  Quarterly  Review  for  De- 
cember 1839t  the  last  published,  there 
are  some  remarks  on  Mr.  Ty tier's 
"  (England  under  the  Reigns  of  Edward 
VI.  and  Mary,  with  the  contemporary 
History  of  Europe,illustrated  in  a  series 
of  original  letters  never  before  printed, 
with  historical  Introductions  and  bio- 
graphical and  critical  Notes."  In  ob- 
serving that  Mr.  Tytler  had  met  with 
some  obstruction,  officially,  in  continue 
ing  similar  illustrations,  lest  the  do- 
cuments made  public  by  him  should 
interfere  with  the  volumes  of  State 
Papers  from  time  to  time  issued  under 
the  authority  of  the  Royal  Commis- 
sion, the  writer  makes  the  following 
statement, 

"  To  bring  before  the  reader  the  gigan- 
tic undertaking  of  Government,  it  need 
only  be  mentioned  that,  although  these 
(Commissioners  have  already  published  five 
or  six  volumes,  each  containing  about 
nine  hundred  pages,  in  illustration  of  the 
reign  of  Henry  VIII.  not  more  than  one 
fourth  or  at  most  one  third  of  the  papers 
relating  to  that  one  reign  have  been  hi- 
therto printed  by  them  ;  that  the  papers  of 
a  later  period  increase  so  enormously  in 
numerical  extent,  that  fifly  volume*  at 
lea«t  would  be  required  to  embrace,  on 
their  plan,  the  annals  of  Elizabeth ;  and 
that  the  materials  for  history  swell  out  in 
such  an  enormous  ratio  throughout  all 
succeeding  reigns  that  it  is  impossible  to 
nay  where  the  labour  of  publication  would 

end." "  Although  the  price  of  the 

volumes  has  of  late  been  lowered  to  a 
guinea,  we  apprehend  that  we  are  not 
far  from  the  mark  inaiiserting  that  a  com- 
plete set  on  the  scale  originally  projected 
would  still  cost  some  hundred  pounds 
sterling,  and,  let  them  cost  what  they 
might,  the  work  cannot  certainly  be 
meant  for  the  present  age  ;  it  is  obviously 
meant  for  posterity,  and  for  a  very  re- 
mote posterity  too.  No  living  man  must 
hope  to  see  the  State  Papers  even  of  Eli- 

sabeth*s  reign The  work  has 

no  luUe,  nor  was  a  sale  ever  to  be  ex- 
)H>(!ted  from  it.  It  'iHt  as  far  as  it  goes,  well 
and  eartfuitjf  done.  We  have  no  fault  to 
find  in  ita  execution  ;  but  it  is  not  a  book 
to  be  read — it  is  a  book  to  be  referred 
to,"  &€.• 

The  Reviewer  then  goes  on  to  de- 
precate any  obstruction  Mr.  Tytler 
may  have  met  with, — lauds  his  mo- 


345 


demising  the  spelling  of  the  ancient 
letters, — his  criticism, — biographical 
sketches,  and  protracted  disquisitions 
on  historical  points,  "  unbroken  occa- 
sionally throughout  the  space  of 
twenty  pages  ;"t  in  short,  the  exhibi- 
tion of  that  sort  of  literary  sauce 
which  a  practised  and  intelligent  wri- 
ter can  always  employ  to  render  the 
driest  and  toughest  morsels  of  original 
and  obsolete  writings  palatable  to  the 
modern  taste. 

While  there  is  some  truth,  there  is 
also  much  that  may  be  disputed  in  the 
assertions  of  the  Quarterly  Review. 
It  is  a  fact  honourable  to  our  national 
character,  and  demonstrative  of  the 
respect  in  which  we  hold  our  public 
institutions,  that  from  the  beginning 
of  the  18th  century,  when  the  Fceden 
of  Rymer  was  compiled,  down  to  the 
present  day,  attention  has  been  paid 
from  time  to  time  to  our  public  re- 
cords, and  to  all  authentic  documents 
illustrating  our  history.  I  do  not  say 
that  some  jobbing  has  not  contaminated 
occasionally  the  progress  of  printing 
these  muniments;  in  consequence  of 
which,  various  instruments  have  been 
published  at  length  which  it  would 
have  been  quite  sufficient  to  describe 
in  the  abstract,  and  others  have  been 
published  a  second  time  which  had  al« 
ready  been  printed  ;  and  thus  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  public  purse  in  transcripts, 
paper  and  print,  many  tons  of  waste 
paper  have  been  made  occasionally  for 
the  service  of  the  butter- shops ;  Imt 
these  are  circumstances  inseparable, 
perhaps,  from  any  general  national  plan 
of  historical  illustration  by  records, 
and  they  by  no  means  apply  to  the 
publications  of  the  State  Paper  Office. 
The  papers  there  preserved,  which  have 
been  printed,  of  the  time  of  Henry  VIII. 
arc  of  the  most  valuable  kind  as  his- 
torical materials,  and  tliey  will  ever, 
as  far  as  they  have  gone,  form  co- 
pious appendices  to  the  annals  of 
that  period,  available  by  the  critical 
if  not  by  the  general  reader.  I  readily 
at  the  same  time  admit  that  the 
continuing  such  plan  of  publication 
in  detail,  and  hermetically  sealing  the 
State  Paper  Office  in  the  meanwhile 
as  a  public  depository,  would  be  an 
intolerable  evil  to  the  generations  who 


*  doarteriy  Review,  No.  cxiix.  p.  75. 


t  Ibid.  p.  76. 


246 


State  Papers. ''^Lord  Burghley. 


[Mait^, 


must  patiently  await  the  result  of  the 
lingeringoperation — slow  almost  as  the 
forming  of  islands  in  the  ocean  by  the 
exuviae  of  marine  animalculse.  Yet 
while  I  say  thus  much,  it  by  no  means 
follows  that  it  would  be  a  right  course 
to  allow  every  literary  man,  either  for 
a  temporary  purpose,  or  in  illustration 
of  his  own  peculiar  views  of  historical 
passages,  to  select  and  garble  and 
modernize  original  documents,  which, 
while  shut  up  in  an  inaccessible  depo- 
sitory, would  be  obliged  to  wear  any 
face  or  colour  the  writer  and  tran- 
scriber, if  such  he  could  be  called, 
might  choose  to  put  upon  them.  I 
have  no  invidious  motive  in  asserting, 
although  I  will  pledge  myself  to  the 
fact,  that  the  publications  which  have 
of  late  attracted  attention,  and  been 
lauded  in  reviews  as  illustrations  of 
our  history,  because  Messieurs  the 
Reviewers  had  no  means  of  testing 
their  authenticity  by  comparison  with 
the  originals,  are  most  deplorably 
incorrect  in  the  mere  mechanical  tran- 
scription of  documents  ;  which,  from 
being  written  in  an  antiquated  court- 
hand,  the  cursive  character  of  the 
time,  are  difficult  to  be  read.  Some 
of  the  perversions  of  meaning  by  false 
readings  have  indeed  been  shewn  to 
be  perfectly  ridiculous,  and  a  long  ca- 
talogue of  gross  errata  might  readily 
be  formed.  The  commentator  on  Mr. 
Tytler's  Historical  Illustrations  in  the 
Edinburgh  Review,  observes  that  the 
author 

"  has  aimed  at  making  his  book  popular 
by  modernizing  the  orthography  of  its  do- 
cuments. With  a  view  to  his  object,  it 
was  probably  right  to  do  so,  but  the  prac- 
tice is  dangerous  and  objectionable.  It 
destroys  identity,  takes  away  one  evidence 


as  to  the  education  and  character  of  the 
writer,  fosters  ignorance  of  the  progressive 
changes  in  the  orthography  and  pronun- 
ciation of  our  language,  and  increases  the 
liabiUty  to  errors  in  transcription  and 
printing.** 

The  Reviewer  then  goes  on  to  cite 
various  errors  of  transcription,  of  which 
I  select  a  few :  for  "  set  me  to  flee," 
read  "  determyn  to  flee  ;"  for  "  them 
who  I  served,"  read  "them  with  whom 
I  served  ; "  for  "Justus  adjutorius  mens 
Dominus  qui  salvos  facit  rectos  corde," 
read,  "Justum  adjutorium  meum  a 
Domino  qui  salvos  facit  rectos  corde ;" 
for  "  they  came  to  view,"  read  *^  they 
came  to  mass ;  "  for  "  I  marvel  that 
Tongres  hath  not  the  like,"  read  "  I 
marvel  that  Thames  hath  not  the  like  ;" 
between  the  silver  Thames  and  Tongres 
near  Liege,  there  is  little  geographical 
connexion  ;  for  "  continuance  of  men," 
read,  "  continence  of  men,"  &c. 

On  Mr.  Ty tier's  work,  I  shall  only 
further  remark,  that  his  forte  appears 
to  be  historic  doubts,  and  his  attempt 
to  prove  that  Cecil  Lord  Bnrghley 
was  a  good  conforming  papist,  has 
given  rise  indeed  to  an  historic  doubt, 
which,  we  presume  the  authority  of 
all  history,  detailing  the  share  that 
sensible,  pious,  indefatigable,  and  loyal 
statesman  had  in  the  glorious  Re- 
formation, will  readily  decide  against 
Mr.  Tytler.  Burghley  was  no  Romish 
devotee,  and  no  Puritan ;  he  was  a 
sincere  and  most  efficient  member  of 
the  Reformed  Catholic  Church,  as 
gradually  restored  on  Apostolic  prin- 
ciples in  the  reigns  of  Edward  VL  and 
Elizabeth.* 

To  advert  in  the  next  place  to  the 
criticism  on  a  subject,  which,  as  I 
have  said,  very  few  even  of  the  most 


*  Mr.  Tytler  founds  his  assertion  that  Cecil  was  a  Romanist  upon  a  document  dis- 
covered by  that  acute  and  excellent  critic  in  the  minutiae  of  the  history  of  the  16th 
century,  the  late  Mr.  Lemon,  Deputy  Keeper  of  State  Papers ;  being  a  note  book 
which  contains  a  memorandum  of  the  persons  dwelling  in  the  parish  of  Wimble- 
don  in  \boiy,  "  who  confessed  and  received  the  sacrament  of  the  altar,*'  at  Easter  in 
that  year.  The  note  was  made  by  Cecil  as  lai/  impropriator  of  the  living  of  Wimble- 
don. Among  the  communicants  was  Cecil,  his  lady,  and  his  son  Thomas  Cecil.  On 
this  ground  Mr.  Tytler  would  have  us  jump  to  the  conclusion,  that  Cecil  and  his 
family  were  Romanists ;  because,  forsooth,  they  did  not  preclude  themselves  at  that 
great  christian  festival  from  so  much  of  the  consecrated  elements,  as  the  canons  of  the 
Church  of  Rome  would  allow  them  to  partake  of,  as  laymen.  Surely  this  was  no 
ground  for  considering  them  to  adhere  strictly  to  all  the  anti-scriptural  doctrines  and 
traditions  which  had  been  engrafted  on  Christianity,  by  the  priesthood  in  the  dark  ages. 
Mr.  Tytler*s  next  step  should  be  to  make  Queen  Elizabeth  a  papist,  and  he  will  find  no 
want  of  evidence  quite  as  conclusive  as  in  the  matter  referring  to  Cecil*  ISee  Tjtlcr's 
£dw.  VL  and  Mary,  ^c*  vol.  ii*  p.  443. 


1840.] 


Proposed  Measures  at  State  Paper  Office, 


247 


erudite  are  competent  to  discuss, 
merely  from  being  unpractised  in  the 
character  and  abbreviations  of  ancient 
writings, —  certain  of  the  historical 
illustrators,  getting  access  to  some  of 
the  leading  periodicals, actually  I  know 
"  review  t^ieir  cf*mpetitors/*  and  most 
unmercifully  exercise  the  lash  on  their 
erring  brother  when  they  find  him  at 
fault,  proceeding  themselves  perhaps 
the  very  next  month,  in  some  "  Histo- 
rical Illustrations"  brought  into  the 
market  purporting  to  be  materials  for 
rectifying  national  history,  to  circulate 
a  set  of  blunders  more  egregious  than 
those  which  they  had  so  recently  cen- 
sured ! 

Original  documents  are  indeed  the 
verification  of  history ;  the  most 
authentic  illustration  that  can  be  given 
of  the  springs  and  sources  of  actions 
and  events.  But  what  remedy  has 
the  lover  of  truth  if  these  arc  disturbed 
and  muddied,  and  obscured  and  turned 
into  new  channels  at  the  caprice  of 
any  individual  editor  ? 

What  is  the  check  for  this  very 
serious  evil  ? — What  shall  at  once  make 
the  documents  in  the  State  Paper 
Othce  available  on  a  liberal  principle 
to  the  literary  world,  and  yet  afford 
a  corrective  for  the  inaccuracy  of 
scribes,  of  book-makers,  and  garb- 
lers  ?  Simply  to  print  well-con- 
Ktructed  Catalogues,  or  as  I  believe 
they  are  technically  termed,  Kalen- 
dars  of  the  general  contents  of  the 
State  Paper  Office,  fused  as  far 
as  possible  into  one  comprehcn- 
RJve  view.  I  do  not  know  tliat 
any  facility  is  gained  by  clau\fica- 
Hon  :  because  it  will  frequently  occur 
that  several  matters  of  an  histori- 
cal nature  are  mentioned  in  the 
same  document,  which  might  be 
variously  referred  to  three  or  four 
heads.  1  have  never  had  anv 
great  respect  for  classed  Catalogues  of 
libraries,  having  ever  found  it  much 
mor(>  easy  to  consult  an  index  of  re- 
feri'uce,  the  principle  of  which  was  al- 
phabetical, like  the  (*atalogue  of  the 
Printed  Books  in  the  British  Museum. 
I  do  not  profesH  to  be  conversant  with 
the  measures  of  the  Commissioners 
for  publishing  State  Papers,  but  ru- 
mours arc  aHoat  that  the  plan  of  pub- 
lishing documents  rerbatim  et  literatim 
is  to  be  abandoned ;  it  is  conjectured 


for  the  sake  of  laying  before  the  public 
the  historical  contents  of  the  State 
Paper  Office  in  the  abstract. 

If  such  abstracts  be  skilful  I  v  com- 
piled,  neither  so  laconic  as  to  shut 
out  the  heads  of  information  which 
each  paper  may  contain,  nor  so  lengthy 
as  to  draw  off  the  eye  from  compre- 
hending at  a  glance  the  gist  of  the  ma- 
nuscript, good  service  will  be  done,  we 
are  persuaded,  to  the  literary  world  in 
general,  the  historical  student  in  par- 
ticular. The  Catalogues  or  Kalendars 
of  the  State  Paper  Office  will  find  a 
place  in  every  library  of  importance : 
the  simple  reference  to  them  for  some 
facts  and  purposes  will  be  sufficient; 
just  as  an  abbreviated  view  of  the  coo- 
tents  of  Rymer's  Fcedera,  afforded  by 
the  Acta  Regia,  is  often  found  to  satisfy 
the  object  of  inquiry.  When  docu- 
ments are  desired  at  length,  access  to 
them  might  be  granted  with  any  due 
restrictions,  or  office  copies  fur- 
nished to  applicants  under  certain  re- 
gulations. 

Her  Majesty's  State  Paper  Office 
would  thus  become,  I  am  persuaded, 
a  most  admirable  and  efficient  auxi- 
liary to  the  acquirement  of  historical, 
biographical,  local,  and  technical  in- 
formation, and  the  character  of  ita 
collections  be  found  at  once  peculiar, 
and  of  their  kind  unrivalled 

Yours,  &c.      Chartularius. 

Mr.  Urban, 

I  THANK  you  for  directing  my  at- 
tention  to  the  passages  in  Mr.  Wake's 
Southwold  Guide  which  profess  to  re- 
fute an  accusation  against  that  boroiigh 
contained  in  the  review  which  I  fur- 
nished you  of  the  History  of  Boroughs, 
by  Merewether  and  Stephens.  Mr. 
Wake  states,  that,  in  that  review,  I 
represented  the  corporation  of  South- 
wold as  *' notoriofulif  litigious!" 
and  at  least  five  pages  of  Mr.  Wake's 
incomparable  work  are  devoted  to  the 
contradiction  of  that  alleged  charge, 
and  the  reprehension  of  your  very 
ignorant  and  uncharitable  reviewer. 

I  feel  extremely  obliged  to  Mr.  Wake 
for  the  honour  he  has  done  me  in  no- 
ticing my  humble  labours  after  this 
fashion,  esfieciaily  as  1  find,  on  turn- 
ing over  the  leaves  of  his  book,— I 
need  not  say  I  have  not  read  it, — that 
I  share  this  sort  of  attention    with 


]  8 10.]         The  Hisioriant  Bignon  and  Art9wL—CL  Coiuader. 


3i9 


ON  MR.  HALLAM  S  LITBBABT  HISTORY, 
THE  COUNCIL  OF  TRENT,  &C. 

{Continued  from  p.  151 .) 

ON  the  restoration  of  the  national  wor- 
ship  by  Buonaparte,  under  the  Con- 
sulate and  Empire,  all  articles  of  faith 
determined  by  the  Council  of  Trent 
were  adopted  as  an  indispensable  basis; 
while  the  stipulations  of  discipline  as- 
sumed for  a  precedent  those  establish* 
ed  by  the  Concordat  of  1517f  between 
Francis  the  First  and  Leo  the  Tenth. 
So  it  will  be  seen  in  Bignon's  Histoire 
de  France,  1829 — ]838,and  in  Artaud's 
Histoire  de  Pie  VII.  The  former  was 
the  solicited  annalist  of  Napoleon,  as 
Clarendon*  was  of  Charles  the  First : 
"  Je  Tengage  k  4cr\n  I'histoire  de  la 
diplomatie  Fran9aisedel792  k  1815," 
is  the  testamentary  request  of  the  dying 
ex -emperor,  adopted  authoritatively  by 
M.  Bignon  for  his  epigraph,  andsuffi* 
ciently  anticipative  of  his  excessive 
partiality  in  the  execution  of  his  com* 
mission  ;  but  this  prejudice  became 
quite  unruly  on  all  controvertible 
questions  with  England,  Bernadotte, 
and  the  Pope.  Even  in  his  last  vo- 
lume, after  an  interval  of  nearly  ten 
years,  these  feelings  continue  unim- 
paired ;  as  a  reference  to  pages  322, 
&c.  of  tome  X.  will  shew.  He,  on  the 
other  hand,  arraigns  M.  Artaod  of 
undue  bias  towards  the  Pope,  then 
(1811)  a  captive  at  Savona.  This 
gentleman  had  long  resided  at  Rome 
as  secretary  of  legation,  on  which  M. 
Bignon  relates  an  observation  of  Tkl- 
leyrand,  under  whom  he  (M.  Bignon) 
had  first  entered  his  diplomatic  career, 
"  that  foreign  agents  at  Rome  always 
imbibed  a  deep  affection  for  the  Holy 
See,  while  those  employed  at  Vienna 


were  sore  to  retom  home  with  a  vfpe 
aniipatkie  pomr  rAuiricke, "  (tome  X. 
259.)  Taileyrand,  whose  family,  I 
may  passingly  remark,  is  strippwi  of 
its  antique  splendour  by  the  acrimo- 
nious and  sagacious  St.  Simon,  (tome 
111.  p.  217)#  who  accuses  them  of  as- 
suming an  usurped  title,t  was  surely 
no  incompetent  authority  on  such 
matters;  and  certainly  will  not  be 
charged  with  partial  leaning  towards 
the  papal  court. 

Notwithstanding  the  essential  defect 
which  I  have  indicated,  M.  Bignon's 
work  may  be  most  usefully  consulted ; 
for  it  contains  facts  and  documents 
not  to  be  found  elsewhere ;  such  as 
the  secret  articles  of  the  treaties  of 
Tilsit  and  Erfurth,  and  other  mytte- 
ries  of  diplomacy,  which  his  owb 
position  at  Berlin,  Warsaw,  &c.  and 
the  unreserved  communications  of  the 
archives  of  the  Foreign  Office,  even 
under  the  restoration,  by  M.  de  la 
Ferronays,  revealed  to  him.  It  would 
well  deserve,  and  I  am  surprised  haa 
not  yet  obtained  a  translator.  The 
promovent  causes  of  the  fatal  expe- 
dition against  Russia  in  1812,  are 
minutely  and  interestingly  related  ia 
vol.  X. 

As  for  Mr.  Hallam's  assertion* 
"  that  the  Emperor  Ferdinand,  even 
after  the  close  of  the  Ckrandl,  referred 
the  chief  points  in  controversy  to 
George  Casiumder,  a  (aerman  theolo- 
gian," I  may  transiently  remark,  that 
Cassander  was  Flemish,  not  German, 
hy  birth  and  residence,  and  that  tlia 
Emperor  ouVf  survived  the  close  of  the 
Council  by  six  months  (from  Decem- 
ber 1563,'to  July  1564,)  and  iu  rad- 
fication  by  the  Pope  (in  June  1664) 
only  by  30  days.    Indeed,  Cassander 


*  ''  This  history  was  first  begun  by  the  express  command  of  King  Chsrles  the 
Firiit/*  says  Clarendon  in  his  preface  (page  4 — Oxford  edition,  1807)  to  his  grsat 
work,  to  juKtly  entitled  to  his  chosen  motto—irr^^  re  cV  m\  (fiSXkop  f  iyimtrfta  h 
TO  impa)(pritia  dicovtuf  (vyicuTai,)  from  Thocydides,  A.  c0. 

t  The  arn>gated  title  was  that  of  Prince  de  Chahus,  by  Adrian  Bhuae  de  TkUeyraad : 
<*mai«  sann  rang  ni  pretension  quelconque,*'  says  St.  Simon.  This  snlf  ssanrted 
Triiire  wan  the  first  husband  of  Anne  Marie  de  la  Tr^hnouille,  who,  on  his  demise, 
married  the  Roman  Prince,  Orsini,  and  made  so  conspicnoas  a  figure  in  the  early  part 
of  the  lant  century  at  Madrid,  under  that  name  fPrincesse  des  Ursins)  in  France. 

1  take  this  occasion  of  modifying  the  assertion  of  the  Count  de  Durlbrd  (Qentle- 
msn*!!  Mafcazine  for  the  last  Oct.  page  373,)  that  his  family  was  the  only  foreiga 
one,  not  of  ruyal  blood,  that  had  contnbated  two  Knights  to  our  Order  of  the  Garter ; 
for  1  find  that,  at  one  and  the  same  time,  Anne  de  Montmorency,  the  renowned  Con- 
xtahh*  of  France,  and  hin  son  the  Duke  Henri  Franfoisi  were  honoured  with  that  dis- 
tinction (in  the  xixteenth  century). 

(iENT.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII.  2  K 


248 


worthy  old  Gardner,  the  Historian  of 
Dunwich,  a  man  whose  work  will  live 
when  all  the  books  bailt  upon  his 
useful  labours  have  sunk  into  merited 
contempt ;  and  with  Mr.  Rickman,  the 
author  of  the  Essay  on  Gothic  archi- 
tecture. I  say,  again,  that  I  feel  ex- 
tremely obliged  to  Mr.  Wake  for 
placing  me  in  such  company,  and  the 
more  especially  as  it  must  have  been 
some  little  trouble  to  him  to  effect  this 
honourable  conjunction,  seeing  that,  in 
order  to  do  so,  he  was  obliged  to  task 
his  imagination,  or,  in  other  words, 
to  invent  a  something  which  he  might 
pretend  to  quote  from  the  review,  in 
order  that  he  might  afterwards  con- 
demn it.  This  is  what  he  has  done. 
The  words  "  notoriously  litigious, " 
which  he  makes  believe  to  quote 
four  several  times,  which  are  each 
time  placed  between  inverted  commas, 
which  are  marked  out  for  peculiar 
observation  by  italics,  small  capitals, 
and  all  the  other  means  by  which  typo- 
graphy can  assist  a  writer's  anxiety 
to  be  especially  clear  and  emphatic, 
are  not  to  be  found  in  the  review.  Turn 
to  it  in  your  vol.  III.  n.  h.  p.  348  ; 
search  it  through  and  through  ;  mark 
the  passages  relating  to  Southwold  in 
pages  348  and  349 — there  is  matter  in 
them  from  which  Mr.  Wake  may  de- 
rive a  great  deal  of  instruction,  but 
the  words  which  he  affects  to  quote — 
where  are  they  ?  In  Mr.  Wake's 
book,  but  not  in  the  review  from  which 
he  professes  to  extract  them.  If,  upon 
80  grave  an  occasion,  I  might  be  al- 
lowed to  follow  the  bad  example  of  my 
accuser,  and  deviate  into  a  joke,  I 
should  say  that  Mr.  Wake  was  not 
awake  when  he  treated  this  part  of  his 
subject,  for  you  will  find  that  he  mis- 
states  the  title  of  the  book  to  which  he 
refers,  misspells  its  author's  name,  and 
misquotes  your  review. 

If  I  desired  to  be  severe  upon  Mr. 
Wake  I  might  go  further,  and  shew 
you  that  he  has  misrepresented — most 
grievously  and  palpably  misrepresent- 
ed— the  facts  of  the  principal  litigation 
which  is  the  subject  of  his  remarks  and 
mine.  In  that  litigation,  which  was 
a  trial  at  law,  the  corporation  of 
Southwold  were  unsuccessful.  They 
paid  for  their  own  costs  £377  (Wake, 
3 


Litigation  in  the  Borough  of  Southwold.  [Miidi# 

p.  136)  whilst  they  most  u^juBtifiably 
put  their  opponents  to  an  expense  of 
"  upwards  of  one  thousand  poande  1 " 
(ibid.  187.)  And  who  paid  the  latter 
sum  ?  The  corporation  of  Soathwold  ? 
No.  They  evaded  the  payment  by 
means  which,  if  practised  by  an  indi- 
vidual, would  have  occasioned  him  to 
be  driven  from  society  with  ai  moch 
scorn  and  contempt  as  could  be  heaped 
upon  an  unworthy  man.  These  trans- 
actions took  place  before  Mr. '  Wake 
knew  anything  about  Southwold,  and  in 
treating  of  them  he  adopts  the  jargon 
of  a  profession  which  is  not  his  own, 
and  the  meaning  of  which  he  eridently 
does  not  understand.  What  assistance 
he  may  have  had  upon  this  point  it  is 
not  for  me  to  tell,  but  he  has  been 
deceived.  Affectation  of  candour,  and 
appeals  to  "the  Searcher  of  hearts" 
and  "the  all-seeing  Judge" — (most 
appropriate  ornaments  in  a  work  of 
topography) — may  co-exist — and  in 
the  passages  which  he  hos  been  misled 
into  inserting  in  his  work,  do  co-exist 
< — with  a  most  obvious  departure  from 
the  truth.  /  have  the  proofs,  and  eass 
produce  them, 

Mr.  Wake  is  no  doubt  quite  at  home 
upon  "  the  unpretending  shingle  "  (p. 
39),  amidst  "fairy  forms"  (p.  21),  and 
"  feathery  spray,"  and  bathers  "  all 
drenched  and  rosy,"  and  *'  school- 
misses,  who  love  to  flounder  under  the 
closely- screened  awning,  but  fear  to 
swim,  and  will  not  allow  themselves  to 
be  dipped  "  (ibid.) ;  long  may  he  "  enjoy 
the  smooth  boards  "  of  the  Southwold 
piers  (p.  20)  and  "  the  literary  stimulus 
of  some  of  the  daily  papers"  in  that 
"  well -formed- room -for -a- place -of- 
rendezvous  "  —  "the  Casiino  "  (32, 
33) ;  long  may  he  "  turn  his  eye  and  fix 
it "  ("  as  long,"  that  is,  as  he  shrewdly 
remarks,  "  as  may  please  him,"  p.  21) 
upon  all  the  picturesque  scenery  which 
he  has  invented  and  described  ;  but  he 
should  beware  how  he  meddles  with 
such  edged- tools  as  reviews  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  and  lawsuits, 
the  merits  of  which  he  does  not  under- 
stand. Yours,  &c. 


The  Reviewer  of  Mrrbwethbr 
AND  Stephens. 


1  8 10.]  The  Historians  Bignon  and  Artaud.-^G.  Cassander.  379 

were  sore  to  return  home  with  a  vive 
antipathic  pour  VAutriche.  "  (tome  X. 
259.)  Talleyrand,  whose  family,  I 
may  passingly  remark,  is  stripped  of 
its  antique  splendour  by  the  acrimo- 
nious and  sagacious  St.  Simon,  (tome 
III.  p.  217),  who  accuses  them  of  as- 
suming an  usurped  title,t  was  surely 
no  incompetent  authority  on  such 
matters;  and  certainly  will  not  be 
charged  with  partial  leaning  towards 
the  papal  court. 

Notwithstanding  the  essential  defect 
which  1  have  indicated,  M.  Bignon*B 
work  may  be  most  usefully  consulted ; 
for  it  contains  facts  and  documents 
not  to  be  found  elsewhere ;  such  as 
the  secret  articles  of  the  treaties  of 
Tilsit  and  Erfurth,  and  other  myste- 
ries of  diplomacy,  which  his  own 
position  at  Berlin,  Warsaw,  &c.  and 
the  unreserved  communications  of  the 
archives  of  the  Foreign  Office,  even 
under  the  restoration,  by  M.  de  la 
Ferronays,  revealed  to  him.  It  would 
well  deserve,  and  1  am  surprised  has 
not  yet  obtained  a  translator.  The 
promovent  causes  of  the  fatal  expe- 
dition against  Russia  in  1812,  are 
minutely  and  interestingly  related  in 
vol.  X. 

As  for  Mr.  Hallam's  assertion, 
"  that  the  Emperor  Ferdinand,  even 
after  the  close  of  the  Council,  referred 
the  chief  points  in  controversy  to 
Creorge  Casisander,  a  German  theolo- 
gian," I  may  transiently  remark,  that 
Cassander  was  Flemish,  not  German, 
by  birth  and  residence,  and  that  ths 
Emperor  only  survived  the  close  of  the 
Council  by  six  months  (from  Decem- 
ber 1563, 'to  July  1564,)  and  its  rati- 
fication by  the  Pope  (in  June  1564) 
only  by  30  days.     Indeed,  Cassander 


ON  MR.  HALLAM  S  LITERARY  HISTORY, 
THE  COUNCIL  OF  TRENT,  &C. 

{Continued  from  p.  151 .) 

ON  the  restoration  of  the  national  wor- 
shtp  by  Buonaparte,  under  the  Con- 
sulate and  Empire,  all  articles  of  faith 
determined  by  the  Council  of  Trent 
were  adopted  as  an  indispensable  basis; 
while  the  stipulations  of  discipline  as- 
sumed for  a  precedent  those  establish- 
ed by  the  Concordat  of  1517>  between 
Francis  the  First  and  Leo  the  Tenth. 
So  it  will  be  seen  in  Bignon's  Histoire 
(le  France,  1829 — 1838, and  in  Artaud's 
Histoire  de  Pie  VII.  The  former  was 
the  solicited  annalist  of  Napoleon,  as 
Clarendon*  was  of  Charles  the  First : 
"  Je  Tengage  k  ecrire  Thistoire  de  la 
diplomatie  Fran^aisede  1792  k  1815," 
is  the  testamentary  request  of  the  dying 
ox-emperor,  adopted  authoritatively  by 
M.  Bignon  for  his  epigraph,  andsuffi- 
ciently  anticipative  of  his  excessive 
partiality  in  the  execution  of  his  com- 
raJHsion  ;  but  this  prejudice  became 
c|uite  unruly  on  all  controvertible 
(juestions  with  England,  Bernadotte, 
and  the  Pope.  Even  in  his  last  vo- 
lume, after  an  interval  of  nearly  ten 
years,  these  feelings  continue  unim- 
f)aired  ;  as  a  reference  to  pages  322, 
Ike.  of  tome  X.  will  shew.  He,  on  the 
other  hand,  arraigns  M.  Artaud  of 
undue  bias  towards  the  Pope,  then 
r  I  s  1 1 )  a  captive  at  Savona.  This 
gentleman  had  long  resided  at  Rome 
as  secretary  of  legation,  on  which  M. 
Bignon  relates  an  observation  of  Tal- 
leyrand, under  whom  he  (M.  Bignon) 
had  first  entered  his  diplomatic  career, 
"  that  foreign  agents  at  Rome  always 
imbibed  a  deep  affection  for  the  Holy 
See,  while  those  employed  at  Vienna 


*  "  This  history  was  first  begun  by  the  express  command  of  King  Charles  the 
FirHt/*  says  Clarendon  in  his  preface  (page  4 — Oxford  edition,  1807)  to  his  great 
work,  so  juKtly  entitled  to  his  chosen  motto — rr^fui  t€  cV  ofi  (paXXop  ij  ay^tfUTfia  «V 
Tn  irapa)(f}^na  dicnvtiy  ^lyKiiTM,)  from  Thucydides,  A.  k/9. 

t  The  arrogated  title  was  that  of  Prince  de  Chalais,  by  Adrien  Blaise  de  Talleyrand : 
"  mniit  sans  rang  ni  pretension  quelconque/'  aajs  St.  Simon.  This  self-asaerted 
Priiirt*  WHS  the  first  husband  of  Anne  Marie  de  la  Tr^moville,  who,  on  his  demise, 
iiinrricd  the  Roman  Prince,  Orsini,  and  made  so  conspicuoas  a  figure  in  the  eariy  part 
of  the  Ust  century  at  Madrid,  under  that  name  fPrincesse  des  Ursins)  in  France. 

I  take  tins  occasion  of  miMlifyiug  the  assertion  of  the  Count  de  Durford  (Gentle- 
mnn's  Magazine  for  the  last  Oct.  pa^^e  M'A,)  that  his  family  was  the  only  foreign 
om;,  not  of  royal  blood,  that  had  contributed  two  Knights  to  onr  Order  of  the  Garter  ; 
for  I  find  that,  at  one  and  the  same  time,  Annede  Montmorency,  the  renowned  Con- 
).tMhlc  of  France,  and  hi*  son  the  Duke  Henri  Frsn9oi8,  were  honoured  with  that  dis- 
tinrtion  (in  the  jtixteenth  century). 

(Jent.  Mao.  Vol.  Xlll.  2  K 


250  Professor  Ranke.-^Dr.  Arnold.  [March^ 

also  died  the  following  February ;  so  existit  disceptatio  }*'    Nothing  can  be 
that  Ferdinand's    commission    could  less  ambiguous  than  this  declaration, 
have   produced  but  little  fruit,   even  or  more  opposed  to  the  inference  to  be 
if  undertaken.     We  have,    however,  drawn  from  Mr.  Hallam's  statement, 
this  Emperor's   own  direct  authority  It  deprecates  all  controversy,  or  dis- 
for   his  implicit  acquiescence   in  the  cussion  in  matters  of  faith,  as  wholly 
Tridentine    decisions   of   faith ;    and  superfluous ;  and  it  is  in   that  senae 
may  thence  conclude  that  the  refer-  that  Ranke  presents  it.    The  German 
ence  to  Cassander  could  solely  apply  Professor's     whole     chapter    on    the 
to  the  details  of  discipline,  or  to  such  subject  is  well  entitled  to  attention, 
an  exposition  of  the  Roman  catholic  and  will,  I  think,  prove  that  the  Em- 
doctrine,  as,  like  Bossuet's,  should  be  peror  formed  no  exception  to  the  uni- 
best  calculated  to  propitiate  the  variant  versal  recognition  of    the    dogmatic 
sects,  without  the  slightest  dereliction  decrees  of  the  Council.   The  diflScolty, 
of  principle  by  the  mother  church.  therefore,  contemplated  by  Mr.  HaU 
The  German  historian  Ranke   (Die  lam  as  to  that  fact,  which  could  only 
R5mische   Papste,   ihre    Kirche    und  apply  to  France  and  Hungary,  thus 
ihre  Staat  im  secbszehnten  und  sie-  vanishes  before  the  evidence   I  have 
benzehnten  Jahrhundert — Theil.   III.  adduced,  and  the  subject  will,  I  trust. 
Section   vi.)  cites  Ferdinand's  letter,  appear  of  sufficient  importance  to  jus- 
ad  I/<>^a/o5,  dated  15th  August,  1562,  tify  its  discussion  in   detail,    which, 
from  Le  Plat's  Monumenia,  8fc.  tom.  V.  however,  I  offer  as  a  question  of  his- 
p.  452,  wherein   the  Emperor  writes     tory,    not    of  controversy,*  though, 
"  Quid  enim  attinet  disquirere  de  his     under  every  aspect,  of  highest  inte- 
dogmatibus,  de  quibus   apud    omnes     rest. 

non   solum    principes,    verum    etiam         A  subsequent  chapter  of  the  Pros- 
privatos  homines  catholicos,  nulla  nunc     sian  Professor's  work  embraces  a  very 


*  Professor  Ranke's  work,  so  often  quoted  by  Mr.  Hallam,  is  highly  creditable  to 
him  in  almost  every  historical  merit ;  but  occasional  inadvertences  have  struck  me. 
Thus,  in  the  first  section  of  his  third  book,  he  states  that  Pope  Paul  III.  (Alexander 
Famese)  bom  in  1468,  was  invested  with  the  tiara  in  1534,  when  in  his  sixtieth  year, 
and  died  in  1549,  aged  83, — a  series  of  figures  in  obvious  discord;  but  the  fact  is, 
that  Paul's  birth  shoidd  be  in  1466,  and  his  accession  to  the  pontificate  in  his  68th 
year.  In  the  same  section  he  alludes  to  a  letter  of  Charles  duke  of  Guise,  dated  from 
Rome,  the  31st  October,  1547,  to  Henry  II.  of  France,  relative  to  the  removal  of  the 
Council  of  Trent  to  Bologna ;  but  the  duke  of  Guise  of  that  day  was  Claude,  not 
Charles,  the  patriarch  of  that  great  house  in  France,  and  ancestor  of  our  gradoos  So- 
vereign, through  his  daughter  Mary,  grandmother  to  James  the  First.  This  Claude, 
born  in  1496,  died  in  1550,  a  duke  and  peer,  the  first  so  made,  of  France,  not  of  the 
blood  royal,  in  January  1527,  and  leaving  a  numerous  offspring,  of  whom  CAor/et, 
Cardinal  of  Lorraine,  was  the  chief  representative  of  France  at  the  Council ;  but,  in 
1547,  his  age  did  not  exceed  twenty-two  years.  Like  his  uncle  John,  also  Cardinal  of 
Lorraine,  he  accumulated  such  a  multiplicity  of  ecclesiastical  titles,  that  he  was  said 
to  carry  a  whole  council  in  his  single  person.  The  only  duke  of  Guise  named  Charln 
was  great-grandson  to  Claude. 

On  a  former  occasion  (Gent.  Magazine  for  Nov.  1838,)  I  also  indicated  a  strange 
oversight  in  Ranke's  volumes,  where.  Book  v.  Sect.  7,  Monmouth  in  Wales  is  con- 
founded with  Munster  in  Ireland,  as  Fluellen  similarly  confounded  his  native  Monmonth 
with  Macedon — (Shakspeare*s  Henry  V.  Act  iv.  Sc.  7.)  Boyle,  who  called  himself  the 
v€<t>€\Tjy€p€TT}s  Zfus,  or,  as  he  meant,  the  collector  of  errors,  has  shown  how  volumes 
could  be  filled  with  the  mistakes  of  the  learned,  which  indeed,  it  would  not  require  any 
great  depth  of  reading  to  confirm.  An  incidental  instance  has  just  occurred  to  me  : 
Dr.  Arnold,  in  his  most  able  History  of  the  first  ages  of  Rome,  vol.  I.  p.  85,  closes  a 
long  and  erudite  note  on  the  value  of  copper  money  with  a  statement  that,  **  if  copper 
had  so  risen  in  value,  that  although  the  as  of  half  an  ounce  weight  was  equal  to  half  an 
obolus,  the  a«,  when  it  weighed  twenty-four  times  as  much,  that  is,  a  full  pound,  had 
only  been  worth  twice  as  much, — a  diminution  in  value,"  adds  the  learned  author, 
"  of  twelve  hundred  per  ctnt.^^ !  that  is,  eleven  times  less  than  the  nothing,  or  zero,  to 
which  the  first  hundred  per  cent,  less  necessarily  reduced  it.  The  meaning,  of  course* 
is  that  the  value  was  reduced  to  a  twelfth  part,  but  the  expression  involves  an  evident 
absurdity  because  an  impossibility ,  eleven  times  repeated. 


1840.] 


Sarpi. — Pallavicini. — T.  Aquinas,  S(C. 


251 


elaborate  parallel  between  the  antago- 
nist  historians  of  the  Council — Sarpi, 
and    Pallavicini.    The    former  is  de- 
hcribed  as  moved  by  deadly  hatred — 
malignant  in  his  purpose  and  reckless 
in  his  means — fabricating  falsehoods 
and  distorting  or   perverting  truths ; 
while  the  Jesuit,  though  scrupulously 
correct  in  the  documents  he  exhibits, 
often  suppresses  those  opposed  to  his 
views.     Thus  neither  fulfils   the  obli- 
gation    of    history — "  ne   quid   falsi 
dicere  audeat ;  ne  quid  veri  non  au- 
deat,  "  as  prescribed  by  Cicero    (De 
Oratore,    lib.    ii.     cap.    15.)       Both 
writers  are  remarkable  for  purity   of 
diction  ;  but  it  is  singular  that  Sarpi, 
whose  superiority  of  talent,  moreover, 
is  undeniable,  should  not  be  numbered 
with   the  classic  authors  of  his  lan- 
guage recommended  for  their   style  by 
the  Academy  della  Crusca ;  for  several 
others,  who  equally  figure  in  the  Index 
of  Rome,  are  included  in  the  list  (see 
Ranke,  l*apste,  Theil.  iv. — ad  calcem.) 
Mr.   llallam's  enumeration  of  the 
few  writers  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
who,   with    variant  views,  sustained 
liberal  political  principles,  is  suscep- 
tible of  some  extension  ;  and  a  material 
omission,  I  think,  is  that  of  the  bene- 
volent Bartholomew  Las  Casas,  whose 
posthumous  volume  on  the  regal  power, 
its  source  and  object,  preceded  those 
mentioned  by  Mr.  Hallam,  and  is  at 
least  as  firm  in  the  assertion  of  popu- 
lar rights.    The  book  is,  indeed,  very 
rare,  though  twice    printed — first   at 
Krancfort  in  1571,  and  subsequently 
at  Tubingen,    in    1625,   with    a  long 
title — "  l)om.  B.  Las  Casas  Episcopi 
Chiapsensis  .  .  .   Explanatio  questio- 
num  utrum   Reges    subditos  alienare 
possint,  Adtinguntur  .  .  .  imperioram 
ac  juris  imperandi  .  .  .  fundamenta, 
(|uibus  omnes  fere    quxstiones    circa 
potcHtatem  legibus  solutam  decidi  pos- 
»unt." — Even  the  Spanish  bibliogra- 
pher Don  Nicholas  Antonio  does   not 
appear  to  have  seen  the  work,  (Bibli- 
otheca  llispana  Nova,  Madrit.   1782, 
torn.  1.  p.  151.)  which,  notwithstand- 
ing, he  ascribes  to  Las  Casas,  though 


doubted  by  others ;  but,  at  all  events, 
its  priority  of  date  and  purpose  en- 
titled it  to  advertence.  The  illustrious 
Spaniard,  however,  may  rest  his  more 
enduring  fame  on  his — "  Brevissima 
Relacion  de  la  Destruvcion  de  las  lo- 
dias  por  losCastellanos."  (See  Beloe's 
Anecdotes,  I.  10,)  and  1  am  happy  to 
add,  that  the  imputation,  of  having 
substituted  the  Negro  to  the  Indian 
Slavery,  has  been  successfully  dis- 
proved by  his  French  translator. 
(Paris  1822.) 

A  still  earlier  and  equally  strenuous 
advocate  of  civil  liberty,  says  the  Doc- 
tor Henry  Leo,  professor  of  history  in 
the  University  of  Halle,  was  1%oma8 
Aquifuu,  who,  in  his  Secunda  Secunda, 
hurled  fierce  anathemas  against  the 
royal  assumption  of  absolute  power, 
proclaimed  the  right  of  insurrection 
against  its  abuse,  and  declared  that 
in  the  people  solely  resided  all  legi- 
timate authority.  If  we  were  now  to 
read,  "  adds  the  learned  professor,"  the 
Summa  Theoloyica  of  Thomas,  his  high* 
mindedness,  rectitude  of  judgment,  and 
bold  reasoning  would  astonish  us,  in 
his  maintenance  of  the  policy  and  du- 
ties of  liberty.  (History  of  Italy  during 
the  Middle  Ages.)  It  is  no  Catholic, 
be  it  noted,  that  offers  this  homage  to 
the  Angelic  Doctor, 

Buchanan's  and  Languet's  volumes 
first  appeared  in  1579,  that  of  Boucher 
in  1589,  and  Rose's  the  following 
year.  Boucher  had  just  terminated  his 
book,  when  the  assassination  of 
Henry  III.  was  announced  (1  August 
1589),  and  his  exultation  is  not  dis- 
guised ;  for  which  he  claims  the  sanc- 
tion of  Scripture,  in  Judges,  chapter 
111.  Judith  13,  &c.  (De  Just&  Hen- 
rici  III.  Abdicatione,  p.  281,  recto.) 
The  concluding  appeal  to  the  combat- 
ants of  the  League  is  very  animated. 
"  Adstant  de  caelo  angeli,  qui  vel  vic- 
tores  ad  Reipublicae  commoda  salvent, 
vel  cssos  in  caelum  arripiant ;"  nor  is 
his  invocation  of  the  Guisii  martyrei, 
(p.  287)  less  so.  The  volume  attributed 
to  Rose*  (William)  bishop  of  Senlis, 
"  De  justA  Reipublicae  Christians  ia 


*  The  ingenious  my»tiJication  practised  on  Moli^re  in  1666  by  the  President  Rose, 
a  junior  member  of  the  bishop*!  family,  though  often  told,  may  be  briefly  repeated. 
In  the  Medecin  malgri  lui^  (Act  1 ,  Sc.  vi.)  Sganarelle  hugs  his  bottle,  addressing  to  it 
A  AonK,  which,  on  the  first  representation  of  the  play,  the  President  translated  into 
l^tin,  and  a  few  days  after,  at  the  famous  H6tel  de  Rambouillet,  produced  this  ver- 
NJon,  pretended  to  be  from  the  Anthology,  as  the  original  purloined  by  Molierei  who 


252 


Tyrannicide, — Bodin.'^Ejnscqpius. 


[Mvrdi* 


Reges  Impios  potestate/'  is  equally 
violent ;  bat  Mariana,  "  De  Regis  In- 
stitatione,"  printed  at  Toledo  in 
1599>  is  written  with  more  temper, 
and  far  superior  in  style,  as  might  be 
expected  from  one  of  his  order,  and, 
as  a  comparison  of  his  chapter  VI. 
"  An  Tyrannum  opprimere  fas  sit,"  in 
reference  to  the  death  of  Henry  III. 
with  Boucher's  and  Rose's  sentiments 
on  the  same  event,  will  show.  The 
doctrine,  however,  was  the  same. — 

"  Victiroa  hand  ulla  amplior 
Potest,  magisqae  opima  mactari  Jovi, 
Qu^  Rex  iniqaus.** 

Seneca  in  Hercule  Furente. 

and  Mariana,  too,  calls  the  act  of  the 
assassin,  Clement,  "  facinus  memora- 
bile"  quo  manibus  Guisii  ducis  paren- 
tatum— "  Felix  futurus,"  he  adds  of 
Henry,  "si  cum  primis  ultima  contex- 
uisset,''  an  observation,  consonant  in 
expression,  though  not  in  application, 
to  Voltaire's  (Henriade,  Chant  I.)  on 
the  same  prince, 

"  II  devint  l&che  roi  d'intr^pide  guerrier." 

the  corresponding  line  to  which 

"  Tel  briUe  au  second  rang  qui  s'eclipse 
au  premier," 

thepoetmaintainedwasuntranslateable 
into  the  same  narrow  compass  of 
words  in  any  other  language  ?  but  Car- 
dinal Quirini's  Latin  version  proves 
the  contrary,  though  I  have  it  not 
just  now  to  refer  to.  The  chief  au- 
thority of  these  theological  political 
writers  was  the  Bible,  an  arsenal  of 


all  arms,  as  I  remarked  on  a  former 
occasion.  (Gent.  Mag.  for  August 
1836.) 

Our  author's  article  on  Bodin,  who, 
in  his  book  de  Republic^  (lib.  II.  cap. 
5)  supports  the  same  principles  as  to 
the  death  of  tyrants,  grounded  on  the 
Lex  Valeria,  is  a  very  able  one,  to 
which,  however,  I  only  advert.  Id 
order  to  state,  that  the  unpabliahed 
volume  of  which  he  makes  mentioiiT— 
"Heptaplomeresde  abditisrerum  can- 
sis,"  may  be  seen  in  the  library  of  Sir 
Thomas  Phillipps,  who  obtained  it 
from  me.  I  bought  it  many  years  ago 
in  Germany,  and  well  remember  that, 
of  the  three  religions  there  discussed, 
the  Jewish,  Christian,  and  Maho- 
metan, the  advantage  is  given  to 
the  first.  I  would  also  remark,  that 
Mariana's  history  in  Spanish,  (1608, 
2  vols,  folio)  deserved  mention  quite 
as  well  as  the  Latin  edition ;  nor  is 
the  variance  between  them  inconsider- 
able. In  his  third  volume,  (page  103 
et  seq.)  Mr.  Hallam  pays  a  just  com- 
pliment to  Episcopius,  the  most  emi- 
nent of  the  disciples  of  Arminius,  for 
his  advocacy  of  religious  liberty, — 
"Against  capital  punishment  for 
heresy  Episcopius,"  he  observes, 
"raised  his  voice  with  indignant  se- 
verity, and  asserts  that  the  whole 
christian  world  abhorred  the  fatal  pre- 
cedent of  Calvin.  This,"  adds  the  his- 
torian, "  indicates  a  remarkable  change 
already  wrought  in  the  sentiments  of 
mankind.  Certain  it  is  that  no  capi- 
tal punishments  for  heresy  were  in- 


was  astonnded  at  the  assertion,  until  a  general  smile  disclosed  the  truth.     I  shall 
place  the  French  and  Latin  lines  in  juxtaposition,  for  the  sake  of  comparison  : — 

'*  Qu'ils  sont  doox, 
Bouteillejolie, 
Qu'ils  sont  doux 
Vos  jolis  glougloux  I 
Mais  mon  sort  feraiC  bien  des  jaloux 
Si  Yous  ^tiez  toujours  rempUe  ; 
Ah  !  bouteille  ma  mie, 
Pourquoi  vous  videz  vous  ?*' 


*'  Quam  dulces, 
Amphora  amiena, 
Quam  dulces. 
Sunt  tuK  voces  I 
Dum  fundis  merum  in  calioeSy 
Udnam  semper  esses  plena  I 
Ah  ?  cara  mea  lagena, 
Vacua  cur  jaces  ?'' 


But  no  one  has  been  more  successfol  in  similar  attempts  than  Father  Prout,  some  of 
whose  translations  may  truly  pass  for  originals.  Amongst  the  pleasures  of  memcMy, 
I  may  reckon  that  of  having  known  the  venerable  pastor  of  Watergrasshill,  whose 
mantle  has  so  fittingly  fallen  on  a  younger  friend. 

"  For  that  olde  Man  of  pleasing  words  had  store  ; 
...  .  . 

He  told  of  Saints  and  Popes,  and  evermore. 
He  stiowed  an  Ave-Mary  after  and  before,"  &g. 

Spenser,  Fairie  Queen,  Canto  ^-  ^^* 


1840.] 


On  Capiial  Punishment /or  Heresi/. 


253 


flicted  in  Protestant  countries  after 
this  time  ;  nor  were  they  so  frequently 
aod  so  broadly  vindicated  as  before." 

The    time   here    adverted  to,  after 
which   it  is  affirmed  that  no  capital 
punishments  were  inflicted  for  heresy, 
is  not  distinctly  marked  ;  but  the  only 
(late  mentioned  in  the  paragraph,  and 
tu  which  these  words  would,  from  their 
position,   appear    to   refer,    is    1618, 
when  some  of  the  treatises  of  Episco- 
pius  had  already  been  published.     He 
was  then  in  his  thirty-fifth  or  sixth 
year,  and  had,  in  1612,  succeeded  his 
adversary  Gomer  in  the    chair  of  Di- 
vinity at  Ley  den ;  as  I  learn  from  a 
contemporary     volume,     "  Academia 
Leidensis,"    (16 14,  4to.)    which   also 
contains  his  portrait.*   Assuming  this 
only  apparent  date  of  1618,  our  au- 
thor's assertion  is  certainly  inaccurate ; 
for,    in    1632,  fourteen   years   subse- 
quently, Nicholas  Anthoine,  a  native 
uf  Lorraine,  and  originally  a  Catholic, 
but  a  convert  to  Calvinism,  was  burnt 
at  Geneva  for  having  embraced  Juda- 
ism, a  fact  which  I  am    surprised  Mr. 
llallam  has  not  alluded  to.  in  evidence 
of  his  averment,  (page  102)  "that per- 
secution for  religious  heterodoxy  was 
the  principle  as  well  as  the  practice  of 
every  church,"  and  which  he  so  amply 
exemplifies  throughout  his  work.     All 
the   humiliating    particulars    of    this 
event  are  to  be  found  in  the  English 
Historical  Dictionary,  and,  with  some 
additions       in     its     translation     by 
ChaufTepie,  article  Anthoine,  princi- 
pally  derived  from  the   Biblioth^ue 
Raisonn^e  of  La  Chapelle,  tome  II.  p. 
1 59,  (now  before  me)  and  La  fiiblio- 
theque  Anglaise  by  M.  de  la  Roche, 
tome  II.  p.  266.  The  wretched  victim, 
a  confirmed  maniac,  was  condemned 
and   executed   the   20th  April,  1632. 
His  crime  was,    "  qu'oubliant  toute 
crainte  de    Dieu,   il    auroit    commia 
crime  d'apostasie,  et  de  l^ze-majest^ 
divine  au  premier  chef,  aiant  combattu 
la  Sainte  Trinit<^,  reni^  nostre    Seig- 
neur et  Sauveur  Jesus  Christ,  blas- 
pheme son  sainct  nom,  reoonc^  son 
l>aptesme  pour  embrasser  le  JudaJisme 
et  la  circoncision,"  he.     He  was  sen- 
tenced "k    estre  li^  et  men^    en   la 


Place  de  Plein- Palais,  (in  Geneva*) 
pour  Ik  estre  attach^  k  un  poteau  sur 
un  hucher,  et  estrangl^,  fa^on  accoua- 
tum^e,  et  en  aprez,  son  corps  brusl^ 
et  reduit  en  cendres,"  &c.  And  Ge- 
neva, surely,  was  a  Protestant  state, 
the  hot-bed  and  birth-place  of  reform; 
for  there  the  distinctive  epithet,  not 
previously  assumed  by  the  Lutherans, 
originated.  "  Pleraque  nova  com-p 
menta  mortalium  in  verbis  vim  ha- 
bent."     (Livy,  lib.  xliv.  cap.  47.) 

Only  six  years  before  Mr.  Hallam's 
expressedd  ate.  as  above,  in  1612,  we 
find  in  our  own  historv,  that  two  Ari- 
ans,  Legat  and  Wrightman,  were 
burnt  at  Smithfield  and  Norwich. — 
"  L'^blouissement  de  ces  pr^jug^s  fat 
universel — Personne  ne  voulut  Stre  h^- 
r^tique,  ni  fauteur  d'h^r^tique,  et 
pourvill  que  Ton  d^truislt  la  tyran- 
nie  du  pape,  on  crut  faire  merveille 
....  Ton  ne  songea  ouUe  part  k  re- 
former les  loix  contre  Th^resie  qu'au- 
tant  qu'il  le  falloit  pour  la  sClret^  da 
parti  dominant,"  are  the  observationt 
of  M.  de  la  Chapelle,  a  zealous  Calri- 
nist  minister,  in  direct  opposition  to 
the  doctrine  of  his  patriarch,  who 
maintained — "Qu'il  n'y  a  que  les  Epi- 
curiens,  les  Ath^istes,  et  les  con  temp, 
teurs  de  Dieu  qui  d^sirent  qu'on  ne 
punisse  point  les  opinions  meschan- 

tes Si  J^us  Christ  a  fait  Tof- 

fice  de  Docteur,  il  a  aassi  pris  le  foaet 
au  poing  pour  nettoyer  le  temple," 
&c.  (Declaration  pour  maintenir  la 
vraye  Foy,  &c.  par  Jehan  Calvin, 
1554,  8 vo.) 

Again,  at  a  mach  later  period*  m 
October  1687»  and  long  after  the 
death  of  Episcopias,  one  Peter  Gan- 
ther,  a  horse  farrier,  born  in  Pnisaia, 
was  beheaded  at  Lobec,  for  denial  of 
the  divinity  of  Jesus  Christ;  (Bib- 
lioth^ue  Britannique,  torn.  IV.  70.) 
and  this  execution  received  the  spe- 
cial sanction  of  the  Universities  of 
Kiel  and  Wittemberg.  At  the  Hagae 
still  later,  that  isf  about  the  year  17^9, 
M.  de  la  Chapelle  was  informed  that 
a  man  was  put  to  death,  "  pour  let 
blasphemes  da  Spinosisme,  qu'il  to- 
misaait  avec  la  derni^re  fureor," 
though  this  does  not  appear  well  at- 


*  This  portrait,  at  page  69  of  the  volume,  gives  him  the  appearance  of  a  man  of 
threescore,  thoogh,  as  his  birth  ii  placed  in  1583,  he  was  then  (1614)  only  31.  The 
volume  exhibits  all  the  Professors  of  Leyden  at  the  time  ;  few,  indeed,  of  persooal  at- 
t  rnctioni.     What  a  work  for  iilmsiraiion  Mr.  Hallam's  would  be ! 


254 


The  Dying  Songs  of  Poets. 


[Marcb» 


certained.  It  would  not,  1  believe,  be 
difficult  to  discover  other  instances  in 
disproof  of  Mr.  Hallam's  assertion, 
were  we  to  examine  the  records  of 
Protestant  Europe,  where  the  law  of 
death  for  heresy  remained  unrevoked 
almost  every  where,  until  the  last  cen- 
tury.  That  of  England,  "  De  Haereti- 
00  Comburendo,"  had,  however,  been 
repealed  preceding! }i^  in  1678.  (Black- 


stone,  iv. '4) .  The  Syntagma  Co^feS" 
sionum  Fidei,  published  by  Salnar«  at 
<jeneva  in  15S1,  and  approved  of  by 
the  national  synod  of  the  French  Hu- 
guenots held  at  Vitr^  in  1583,  shows 
that  every  Protestant  state  and  sect 
avowed  the  legitimacy  of  capital  pu- 
nishment for  the  crime  of  heresy. 
"  Tantum  religio  potuit  suadere.  malo- 


rum. 


»»* 


Lucret  L  139.'* 


*  To  this  often  cited  line,  and  its  antecedent  causes,  Cardinal  Polignac,  in  his 
A  nti- Lucretius,  opposes  the  evils  resulting  from  irreligionf  and  antithetically  con- 
cludes the  contrasted  enumeration,  (Ub.  i.  v.  839))  thus : — 

'*  Efifera  tantum  igitur  potuit  suadere  malorum 
Impietas,  non  Religio,  quee  prava  coeroens 
Corda  metu,  spe  recta  favet  .  . 


II 


The  poet's  philosophy  was  that  of  Des  Cartes ;  but  he  highly  praises  Newton's  opti. 
cal  discoveries,  for  which  our  illustrious  countryman  addressed  him— ''plenam  urbani- 
tatis  epistolam,  quA  se  affirmabat  maximo  cum  desiderio  moriturum  si  Anti-Lucretium 
totius  Europee  tantopere  expetitum,  legere  sibi  non  contigisset"  The  gratification, 
however,  was  not  reserved  for  Newton,  whose  death  preceded  the  publication  of  the 
volume  by  twenty  years  ;  (1727 — 1747)  nor  did  it  appear  until  after  the  author's  own 
decease  ;  though  he  had  often  recited  many  brilliant  parts  of  it,  which  made  it  long 
celebrated  over  Europe.  At  his  last  moments  he  repeated  those  affecting  lines 
(1047,  &c.)  of  the  first  book. 

**  Ceu  lectum  peragrat  membris  languentibus  leger, 
In  latus  altemis  leevum  dextrumque  recumbens, 
Nee  juvat,"  &c. 


paullatira  ab  extremis  cedar  _  .  .  « 
poet's  death,  inflicted  by  order  of  Nero,  Annal.  xv.  70,)  **  recordatus  carmen  a  se 
compositum,  quo  vulneratum  militem  per  ejusmodi  mortis  imaginem  obiisse  trsdiderit, 
versus  ipsos  retuht ;  eaque  illi  suprema  vox  fuit."  The  verses  here  referred  to  by  the 
great  historian,  are  generally  supposed  to  be  those  of  Book  iii.  638  of  the  Pharsalia : 

*  *  Scinditur  avulsus :  nee,  sicut,  vulnere  sanguis 
Emicuit  lentus  :  ruptis  cadit  undique  venis."  &c. 

while  other  commentators  consider  the  lines  811,  &c.  of  Book  the  ninth  more  apposite 

*'  Sanguis  erant  lachrymse :  quscunque  foramina  novit 
Humor,  ab  his  largus  manatcruor,"  &c. 

Dante  is  Ukewise  reported  to  have  applied  his  own  language  to  express  his  dying  feel- 
ings— 


<i 


....  Simigliante  a  quella'nferma, 
Che  non  pua  trovar  posa  in  su  le  piume. 
Ma  con  dar  volta  suo  dolore  scberma." 


Purgatoria,  Canto  i. 


Polignac  is  not  painted  very  favourably  by  St.  Simon,  except  as  to  his  person  and 
manners,  (vol.  IV.  445).  After  various  unsuccessful  applications  to  his  own  and  other 
sovereigns,  to  be  recommended  for  the  purple,  he  at  last  obtained  the  honour  at  the 
nomination  of  the  old  Pretender  (1708).  "  Cette  marque  de  majesty  ^tait  comme  la  seule 
qui  restat  au  malheureux  roi  d'Angleterre."  (St.  Simon,  tome  VI.  389).  The  Pre- 
tender was  then  recognised  in  France  as  James  the  Third.  A  line  of  the  Anti-Lucre- 
tius, (94,  lib.  i.^  is  clearly  the  origin  of  the  famous  one  by  the  French  Minister  of 
State,  Tm-got,  (whom  Louis  XVI.  associated  with  himself,  as  the  only  genuine  friends 
of  the  people,)  so  complimentary  to  Franklin : — **  Eripuit  c^elo  fulmen,  sckp- 
TRUMQUE  TYRANNI8."  PoUgnac's  versc,  allusive  to  the  atheism  of  Epicure,  sang  by 
Lucretius,  is  *'  Eripuit  fulmenquk  Jovi  PHiCBoQUE  sagittas.''  The  plagiarism 
has  not,  I  may  suppose,  escaped  observation ;  but  I  do  not  recollect  having  seen  it 


1840] 


Catholic  Opponents  of  Intolerance. 


255 


Even  Episcopius  excluded  from  his 
system   of  toleration,  as  Milton  and 
Locke  subsequently  did,  the    Roman 
Catholics,    both    as    persecutors    and 
idolators — "  eos  duntaxet  excludi,  qui 
idulatria  sunt  contaminiti,  et  qui  mi- 
nimi^   habent    Scripturam    pro    fidei 
norma. **      And  Koornhert  gave  great 
hcandal  for  maintaining  that  the  Ca- 
tholics  of  Holland  should  be  allowed 
the  public  exercise  of  their  religion,  as 
promised    by    William     of    Orange. 
(Boyle,  ad  vorem.)     Well  may  we  say 
to  each  other  in  these  aberrations  of 
Christianity  :— "  Brother — brother!  we 
are   both  in  the  wrong — we  shall  be 
both   losers    in   the  dispute."    (Gay's 
Opera,  Act  ii.  sc.  2.) 

But,  antecedently  to  Episcopius,  an 
occasional  ray  of  light  emerged  from 
the  darkness  shed  on  these  ages  by  the 
spirit  of  intolerance  ;  and,  among  Ca- 
tholics too,  where  least  expected, — as 
iMr.  Hallam  was  also  surprized  to  find 
that  they  had  published  more  theolo- 
gical books  than  the  Protestants,  (vol. 
11.  p.  504 — 506.)  These  are  truly  oa«M 
in  the  desert.  Thus,  Sir  Thomas 
More,  (Utopia,  page  178,  Paris,  1777) 
wrote,  "  Siquidem  haec  inter  antiquis- 
sima  instituta  numerant,  ne  sua  cui- 
(|uam  religio  fraudi  sit,"  of  course,  his 
own  sentiments.  And  a  Catholic  bi- 
shop of  the  same  epoch,  resident  in 
I'ortugal,  too,  within  the  precincts  of 


the  Inquisition,  thus  expresses  his  ab- 
horrence of  the  |)ersecution,  exercised 
in  1497*  by  Emmanuel,  one  of  the 
greatest  of  that  country's  sovereigns, 
against  the  Jews.     "  Quid  enim  !    tu 

rebelles   animos adiges  ad 

credendum  ea,   quse    summa  conteo- 
tione  aspernantur,  et  respuant  ?   At  id 
neque  fieri  potest,  neque  Christi  sanc- 
tissimum  numen  approbat.     Volunta- 
rium    enim    sacrificium,    non    vi    et 
malo  coactum,  ab  hominibus  expectat, 
neque  mentibus  inferri,  sed  volunta- 
tes  ad  studium  verse  religionis  allici  et 
invitari  jubet."     These  are  the   re- 
monstrances of  Osorio,  Bishop  of  Sil- 
ves  and  Algarva,  in  his  work,  "  De 
Rebus  Lusitanicis,  regnante  Sebastia- 
no  Emmanuele,"  (1495— 1525),  highly 
valued  for  its  pure  Latinity,  and   in- 
cluded  in    the  general   collection  of 
his   writings,  published   at  Rome  in 
1592,  four  volumes,   folio;     bat  my 
edition  is  that  of  Frankfort,  1575,  8vo. 
apud  Wechelios.     The  first  publica- 
tion  of    the  history   was  at  Lisbon 
in    1571,    (folio),   comprising   tweWe 
books,  relative  to  the  persecution  of  the 
Jews,  in  which  Emmanuel  pursued  the 
example  of  his   uncle    and    aunt   of 
Spain,  and  one  of  the  few  blemishes 
on    the    character  of    Isabella ;    see 
"Historia    Geral    de    Portugal,    por 
D.  A.  de  Lemos  Faria  e  Castro,  torn. 
IX.   p.  277."  (Lisboa,  1788,)  and  in 


noticed,  though  assuredly  entitled  to  attention  from  the  oniversal  notoriety  of  Target's 
4'u!of(y,  Ro  emphatically  descriptive  of  FrankUn's  doable  claim  to  celebrity. 

Caniinal  de  Polignac  delegated  the  publication  of  the  poem  to  his  friend  the  Abb^ 
lie  Rothelin,  whose  death,  likewise,  anteceded  its  appearance;  bat  his  dedication  to 
Pope  Benedict  XIV.  was  elegant;  and  that  Pontiff  was  no  incompetent  judge  of 
l^iiiii  poetry,  as  may  be  inferred  from  his  defence  of  Voltaire's  distich,  subscribed  to 
the  portrait  of  Benedict,  on  dedicating  to  him  the  tragedy  of  Mahomet,  ou  te  Famm' 
tmrne,  which,  until  strengthened  by  the  Papal  sanction,  was  refused  exhibition  by  the 
Piiribiaii  censor.  Voltaire,  in  addressing  the  Holy  Father  his  tragedy,  added  the  en- 
graved |)ortrait  with  these  lines  : — 

"  Lambertinus  hie  est,  Romae  decus,  et  pater  orbis ; 
Qui  mundum  scriptis  docuit,  virtatibos  omat." 

To  which  some  critics  objected  that  Aie  is  always  long,  though  here  made  short ;    but 
ihi:  old  Pontiff  instantly  recited  from  Virgil,  (iEneid.iv.  22.) 

"  Solus  hic  infloxit  sensus,  animamque  libantem,*' 

where  Air  is  also  short ;  and  added,  equally  from  instant  memory— 

**  Hkc  finis  Priami  fatorum  ;  hic  exitus  ilium 


Sorte  taht,"  &c. 


iCneid.  U.  556. 


where  Virgil  makes  hic  again  long,  as  it  in  general  is,  whence  choice  may  be  left,  as  in 
the  gender  of  the  word  Jinitf  which  here  is  feminine,  though  usually  masculine.     Bat 

the  venerable  Pontiff,  then  passed  fourscore,  proudly  and  justly  observed  to  Voltaire 

"  Ci  sembra  d'aver  risposto  ben  espresso,  ancor  che  siono  pih  di  cinqucnta  anni  che 
uon  abbiamoletto  Virgilio." 


256 


Remarks  on  Hallams  Literary  History. 


[March, 


defence  of  Isabella,  consult  Mr.  Pres- 
cott's  recent  history,  (volume  III.  p. 
256 — 8,)  which  presents  some  excel- 
lent reflections  on  the  subject.  Hear 
again  another  liberal  Catholic  of  that 
age — "  Alia  quippe  omnia  pro  arbitrio 
civilis  magistrates,  atque  adeo  princi- 
pis  sanciuntur:  sola  religio  non  iro- 
peratur  ...  ad  eam  cruciatus  nihil 
valent,  quin  et  obfirmant  potius  ani- 
mos  qukro  frangunt  et  persuadent." 
These  are  the  forcible  expressions  of 
the  President  de  Thou,  or  Thuanus, 
in  the  beautiful  dedication  to  Henry 
IV.  of  his  **  Historia  sui  temporis," 
&c.  (Lond.  1733). 

Rare  unhappily  in  feeling,  perilous, 
too,  in  utterance,  and  unheard  of  as  a 
principle  of  existing  legislation,  was 
such  language,  (which,  as  Walpole 
aaid  of  a  chapel  in  a  palace,  was  pure 
and  holy,  while  all  around  was  cor- 
ruption or  folly,)  until  embodied  in  the 
constitution  of  the  Catholic  colony  of 
Maryland,  by  the  successive  Lords  Bal- 
timore, George  and  Cecil  Carey.  In 
contrast  with  this  bright  precedent, 
may  be  viewed  the  intolerable  code  of 
the  Pilgrim  Fathers  of  the  North, 
which  proclaimed,  with  enhanced  se- 
verity, the  system  of  persecution  they 
had  abandoned  their  homes  to  escape. 
These  enactments  of  blood  may  be 
read  in  the  indignant  pages  of  M.  de 
Tocqueville ;  but  the  American  histo- 
rians (Marshall's  Life  of  Washington, 
vol.  I.  p.  108,  and  Bancroft,  vol.  I.  p. 
270,)  have  well  expressed  their  exulta- 
tion or  shame,  as  they  respectively  glo- 
ried in  this  primary  legislativeasscrtion 
of  constitutional  doctrine,  or  blushed 
for  the  inconsistency  of  their  reformed 
progenitors.  And  truly,  in  that  res- 
pect at  least,  the  moderns  may  claim 
a  superiority  — "Hfitls  rot  naripayv 
^€y  afifivov€s  €vx6fi€ff  civm,  (Iliad  4, 
405,)  aline  which,  in  accord  of  feeling 
with  Mr.  Hallam,  I  am  ever  happy  to 
repeat.  (See  Constitutional  History  of 
England,  vol.  I.  ch.  3,  and  Gent.  Mag. 
for  Sept.  1837,  p.  256.) 

In  his  third  volume,  at  page  353, 
Mr.  Hallam  designates  Ludovicu  Guic- 
ciardini  as  the  historian's  (Francis) 
brother :  it  should  be  his  nephew. 
The  latter  died  in  1589 — the  uncle  in 
1540.  And  Milton  was  born  in  I6O8, 
not  1609,  as  stated  by  Mr.  Hallam. 
Johnson,  in  his  life  of  Milton,  distinct- 
ly states,  that  he  was  born  the  ninth 
of  December  I6O8,  between  six  and 
4 


seven  in  the  morning ;  in  which  all  the 
biographies  concur ;  but  it  certaiaty  is 
not  usual  with  Johnson  to  be  so  very 
precise.  Goethe  is  still  more  particu- 
lar in  his  autobiography ;  when  he 
says  that  he  came  into  the  world  the 
28th  August  1749,  on  the  stroke  of 
twelve  o'clock  at  noon  ;  on  which  the 
great  poet  amuses  himself  with  deduc- 
ing his  horoscope,  &c.  St.  Simon 
marks,  even  with  more  minute  exact- 
ness, the  birth  of  Louis  XV.  (tome 
VIII.  122).  "A  hu  it  heures  trots  mi- 
nutes et  trois  secondes,  la  duchesse  de 
Bourgogne  mit  au  monde  un  doc 
d'Anjou,  qui  est  le  roi  Louis  XV."  In 
the  Turkish  Spy,  the  prototype  of  "Les 
Lettres  Persanes,"  and  a  work  on 
which  Mr.  Hallam  has  bestowed  some 
curious  pages  (in  volume  IV.  p.  455, 
&c.)  the  birth  of  Louis  XIV.  is  simi- 
larly reckoned  from  the  minutes  and 
seconds,  as  a  ground  of  the  royal 
horoscope,  which  was  often  calcu- 
lated. 

At  page  639  of  the  same  volume, 
our  author  says,  "The  writer  whom  I 
quote  under  the  name  of  Vig^eul  Mar- 
ville,  which  he  assumed,  was  D'Ar- 
gonne,  a  Benedictine  of  Rouen,"  (also 
volume  IV.  p.  529) ;  but  this  person 
was  a  Carthusian,  not  a  Benedictine 
monk,  and  of  Paris  by  birth,  though 
belonging  to  the  Chartreuse  de  GaiiSm 
(D^partement  de  TEure).  Nor  does 
Mr.  Hallam  seem  aware  that  C^ri- 
santes's  family  name  was  Mark  Dun- 
can, the  son  of  a  Scotchman,  if  not  one 
himself.  Some  interesting  particulars 
of  him  may  be  found  in  Bayle,  article 
Frangipani,  and  in  the  Menagiana.  In 
mentioning  the  learned  men  who  ad- 
mired the  Astrde  of  D'Urfi^,  it  might 
have  also  been  added,  that  J.  J.  Rous- 
seau read  this  most  tedious  romance 
(expertus  loquor)  of  nearly  three  thou- 
sand octavo  pages  every  year,  for  no 
inconsiderable  period  ;  as  he  states  in 
his  Confessions. 

Mr.  Hallam,  I  perceive,  is  disposed 
(vol.  III.  p.  683)  to  ascribe  the  famous 
satire  against  the  Jesuits,  Momarckia 
Solipsorttm,  to  Scotti ;  but  a  copy  in 
my  possession,  formerly  belonging  to 
the  order  in  Paris,  with  a  manuscript 
key  to  the  names,  assigns  it  to  Mel- 
chior  Inchoffer.  I  also  beg  to  obsenre, 
that  the  Parisian  Polyglott^  alluded  to 
in  the  fourth  volume,  page  597,  was 
published  Le  Jay  (Guy,  Michel)  not 
Le  Lwig,    The  latter  was  author  of  the 


1840.] 


Mr.  HfilUnCi  Literary  HUiory. 


257 


Bibliotheca  Sacra^  but  was  not  bom 
when  Le  Jaygot  printed  the  magnifi- 
cent Polyglott  in  1628,  (et  seq.)  by 
which  he  was  ruined,  in  consequence 
of  the  high  price  and  slow  sale.  It 
would  have  been  well,  I  likewise  would 
remark,  to  have  noted,  in  regard  to  the 
traveller  Pietro  della  Valle,  (vol.  iv.  p. 
80)  that  the  system  of  mutual  instruc- 
tion, whether  denominated  Bell's  or 
Lancaster's,  was  first  made  known  in 
Europe  by  him.  (Viaggi«  torn.  ii. 
Roma,  1650,1663.) 

I  have  not  made  any  particular  allu- 
sion to  Mr.  Hallam's  first  volume, 
which  had  so  long  preceded  the  others ; 
because,  as  I  have  remarked,  it  had 
received  his  own  and  other  correc- 
tions ;  but  the  passage,  (page  5/8,) 
where  he  quotes  Mr.  Panizzi's  words 
descriptive  of  the  ingenuity  with  which 
the  poet  Berni  finds  a  resemblance  be- 
tween  distant  objects,  and  the  solemn 
manner  in  which  he  either  alludes  to 
ludicrous  events,  or  utters  absurdities, 
while  the  loftiness  of  the  verse  con- 
trasts with  the  frivolity  of  the  argu- 
ment, reminds  me  of  the  lines,  by 
many,  and  for  a  long  time,  supposed 
to  be  Ariosto's. 

"II  pover  hnomo,  che  non  s'en  era  accorto, 
Andava  combattendo,  ed  era  morto." 

Indeed,  the  thought  and  expression 
Ro  much  resemble  Ariosto's  that  the 
ifiisapplication  was  natural ;  and  they 
were  taken  for  his  until  their  real  source 
was  discovered  by  M.  La  Monnoie,  in 
Herni's  Orlando  Inamorato,  (poema  di 
Huiardo,  rifatto  dal  Bernia,)  lib.  ii. 
canto  24,  where,  however,  the  first  line 
is, 

"  Cofi  colui  del  colpo  non  accorto," 

which  is  more  correct ;  for,  as  prcced- 
in^ly  given,  there  is  a  redundant  syl- 
lable. (Menagiana,  tome  iii.) 

Both  these  poets  habitually,  perhaps 
unconsciously,  lapse  into  the  extrava- 
gant in  their  efforts  at  effect,  as  my 
own  countrymen  are  charged  with 
doing  in  oratory,  or,  like  the  hero  of 
Lucretius, 

'*  confringere  ut  arcta 

Natura  ....  portamm  daustra  cupirent." 

1.  72. 
But  the  flights  of  Berni  generally 
transcend  even  those  of  the   brilliant 


fancy,  which,  in  luxuriant  indulgence, 
eould  disport  with,  and  so  delightfully 
blend,  such  heterogeneous  rudiment! 
of  song  as 

'*  Le  donne,  i  cavalier,  Tarme,  gli  amori, 
Le  cortesie,  I'audaci  imprese/'  &c. 

No  doubt,  whatever  one  attempts, 
he  should  endeavour  to  excel  in  ;  and 
so  far,  Ugo  Foscolo  may  be  justified 
in  preferring,  as  Mr.  Hallam  heard  him 
assert,  Berni  to  Ariosto,  when  the 
bounds  of  reason  are  no  longer  those 
of  taste,  and  the  hyperbolical  is  viewed 
as  sublime.  Tasso,  too,  rather  over- 
leaps the  demarcations  of  nature,  when 
he  says, 
**  Mk  ben  pii6  nulla,  chi  mori  non  puote," 

which  he  was  so  happy  to  borrow,  un- 
acknowledged, as  has  been  remarked 
by  his  commentators,  from  Petrarch's 
"  Che  ben  pa6  nulla,  chi  non  pu6  morire.'* 
To  all  which  we  may  justly  apply 
the  words  of  their  own  countrymen, 
"  Questo  h  bizarramente  pensato." 
Still,  as  science  has  gained  by  the  de- 
lirious fancies  of  Alchemysts,  so^ 
"Evenitnonnunquam  ut  aliquid  graode 
inveniat  qui  semper  quserit  quod  ni- 
mium  est."  (Qumtilian,  lib.  ii.  cap. 
1 2) ;  and  truly  great  are  the  Italian 
poets,  when  they  can  discard  their  be- 
setting sin — ^the  far-fetched  concetti. 

The  historian  Livy,  in  the  outset  of 
his  noble  enterprise,  entertains  some 
doubt,*  whether  in  fruit  and  execution, 
it  would  compensate  the  expended 
toil,  and  accomplish  its  destined  bene- 
ficial  purpose — a  doubt  long  since  re- 
solved by  the  consentient  admiration 
of  ages.  But  Mr.  Hallam,  at  the 
termination  of  his  extended  labours, 
and,  already  cheered,  in  their  course, 
by  the  approving  suffrage  of  the  pub- 
lic, may  well  and  authorizedly  assume, 
as  he  does,  in  graceful  modesty  of 
language  and  conscious  claim  of  right, 
"  that  he  has  contributed  something 
to  the  general  literature  of  his  country, 
something  to  the  honourable  estimate 
of  his  own  name,  and  to  the  inherit- 
ance of  those,  to  whom  he  will  have 
to  bequeath  it,"  a  trust  and  legitimate 
anticipation,  which  the  gratitude  of 
deeply  indebted  generations  cannot  fail 
to  afiirm  and  realize. 

Yours,  kc,    J.  R. 


*  "  Pactumsae  opera  pretium  sim  .  .  .  nee  satis  scio ;  nee  si  iciain  dicere  ausim," 
are  the  hesitating  expreisions  of  his  protfmium,  well  rendered  by  the  German,  "  Ob 
ich  mir  Beyfall  versprecben  darf,  ob  ich  eine  nOxliche  Arbeit  untemehme/'  &c. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII.  2  L 


258 


The  Reception  of  the  TAdentine  Decrees* 


[Starch^ 


Mr.  Uabax,  Feb.  10. 

'  YOUR  correspondent  J.  R.  in  p.  143 
has  mentioned  my  "  Introduction  to  the 
Literary  History  of  the  15th,  1 6th,  and 
l7thCenturies"intermsofsucheulogy, 
as  call  for  my  warmest  expressions  of 
acknowledgment,  though  I  fear  that 
the  praise  will  appear  excessive  to  most 
of  your  readers.  The  criticisms  of  so 
favourable  a  censor  carry  with  them  a 
presumption  of  being  well  founded, 
especially  when  supported  by  so  co- 
pious a  display  of  authorities  as  we 
find  in  those  of  your  correspondent. 
I  am  nevertheless  under  the  necessity 
of  defending  myself  against  one  which 
he  has  made  on  a  passage  in  my  work 
relating  to  the  Council  of  Trent. 

After  quoting  this  passage  (vol.  ii. 
p.  99)i  which  I  shall  not  here  insert 
afresh,  he  observes  that 

"  Our  author  obviously  confounds  the 
civil  and  spiritual  jurisdictioDs ;  for  the  ex  • 
captions  to  the  recognition  of  the  Council 
adverted  to  by  him,  exclusively  referred 
to  points  of  discipline  which  were  supposed 
to  encroach  on  the  royal  prerogative  or 
local  immunities,  and  never,  as  I  shall 
have  little  difficulty  in  evincing,  to  rules 
of  faith  over  which  the  civil  power  could 
exercise  no  control.  In  France  and 
Hungary  it  is  true  that  no  royal  edict,  as 
in  Spain,  and  most  other  Catholic  territo- 
ries, enjoined  the  reception  of  the  Council ; 
but  the  ecclesiastical  body  universally  and 
explicitly,  there  as  elsewhere,  on  every 
competent  occasion,  recorded  their  uni- 
versal submission  to  the  decision  of  the 
Council  in  matters  of  faith.*' 

If  I  had  really  confounded  the  civil 
and  spiritual  jurisdictions,  or,  what 
seems  more  strictly  your  correspon- 
dent's meaning,  theological  doctrine 
with  ecclesiastical  discipline,  it  would 
have  been  a  proof  of  much  carelessness 
or  confusion  of  ideas.  But  I  must 
observe,  that  in  his  quotation  from 
my  work,  he  has  overlooked  some 
important  words,  which  may  perhaps 
reclaim  me,  in  the  eyes  of  your  readers, 
from  part  of  this  charge.  The  most 
material  sentence  is  the  following  : 

"Even  in  France  the  Tridentine  de- 
crees, in  matten  of  faith,  have  not  been 
formally  received,  though  the  Gallican 
rhurch  has  never  called  any  of  them  in 
question ;  thotte  relating  to  matters  qf 
discipline  are  distinctly  held  not  obli- 
gatory,'* 


The  words  in  italics  are  all  omitted 
in  your  correspondent's  quotation* 
The  above  sentence  contains  three 
assertions  of  fact.  To  the  first  and 
third  I  do  not  perceive  that  any  ob- 
jection can  be  taken.  In  the  Appendix 
to  Courayer's  translation  of  Father 
Paul's  History  of  the  Council  of  Trent» 
we  have  an  elaborate  "Discours  His- 
torique  sur  la  Reception  de  ce  Concile, 
particuli^rement  en  France."  It  ap- 
pears by  this,  that,  though  the  French 
clergy  made  strenuous  efforts  for  half 
a  century  to  obtain  the  formal  reception 
of  the  Council  by  royal  authority,  these 
proved  unavailing.  It  is  certainly  true 
that  the  resistance  was  solely  on  ac- 
count of  "  points  of  discipline  which 
were  supposed  to  encroach  on  the 
royal  prerogative  or  local  immani- 
ties."  Still,  as  no  part  of  the  decrees 
of  the  Council  was  formally  received, 
my  proposition  remains  correct,  though 
not  of  much  importance.  That  those 
decrees  which  relate  to  discipline  were 
not  held  obligatory  in  France,  is,  as  I 
presume,  an  established  and  notorious 
fact. 

It  is,  I  admit,  possible  that  my  se- 
cond proposition  in  the  above  sentence, 
namely,  that  the  Gallican  church  has 
never  called  any  of  them  (the  decrees 
of  the  Council  in  matters  of  faith)  in 
question,  may  convey  something  less 
than  the  truth  to  the  mind  of  a  reader 
unacquainted  with  the  subject.  The 
expression  might  seem  to  refer  only  to 
the  Gallican  church  in  its  collective 
capacity.  But  I  never  designed  to 
throw  any  doubt  upon  what  your 
correspondent  has  been  anxious  to  set 
in  a  true  light,  that  upon  all  occasions 
that  church,  through  its  particular 
members,  has  recognized  the  Triden- 
tine determinations  in  articles  of  faith 
as  those  of  a  legitimate  general  Council. 
Perhaps  the  first  part  of  the  following 
passage  from  Courayer  will  come  up 
to  J.  R.'s  opinion. 

**  Ce  que  je  viens  de  rapporter  dcs 
oppositions  que  la  publication  du  Concile, 
a  eues  tk  essuyer  en  France,  ne  regmrde  que 
les  decrets  de  discipline.  Car  en  matiere 
de  doctrine  il  n'en  a  pas  ^t^  tout  ik  fait 
ainsi.  Quoiqu*ii  cet  ^gard  mAme  le  ConcUe 
n'a  jamais  dt^  re9u  par  les  Fr8n9ais  dims 
les  formes,  il  est  certain  n^anmoins  q«*il 
y  est  accept^  tadtement,  aoit  pan 
dans  toutes  les    disputes   qui  s'y 


1840.] 


The  Consultation  ofCassander. 


259 


6ley6est  l^on  y  a  toujours  pris  ses  deci- 
sions pour  regie;  soit  parceque  la  pro- 
fession de  foi  de  Pic  IV,  y  a  H6  adoptee 
par  tous  les  ev^ques  ;  soit  enfin  parceque 
les  prelats  de  ce  royaume,  soit  dans  leurs 
Conciles  provinciaux  ou  diocesains,  soit 
dans  les  assemblies  du  clerg^,  ont  tou- 
jours fait  profession  de  se  soumettre  k  sa 
doctrine,  et  que  dans  les  oppositions  m^me 
que  les  ^tats  ou  les  parlemens  du  royaume 
ont  fornixes  k  Tacceptation  de  ce  Concile 
ils  ont  toujours  declare  qu'ils  embras- 
soicnt  la  foi  contenue  dans  ses  d<;crets, 
com  me  on  le  voit  dans  la  r^ponse  que  fit 
le  President  Miron  au  nom  du  Tiers 
Etat  dans  les  ^tats  de  1615.  Cette  ac- 
ceptation, que  j^appelle  tacite,  parce- 
qu'elle  n*est  point  faite  selon  les  formes  or- 
dinaires,  c'est-k-dire,  par  Pautorit^  du 
prince  et  I'enregistrement  des  cours  souve- 
raines,  n*a  pas  emp^h^  le  clerg<^  de 
faire  regarder  la  doctrine  du  Concile 
comme  une  des  loix  du  royaume,  quoique 
pcut-(}tre  a  cet  <^'gard  m^me  il  efiit  autant 
besoin  de  modifications  qu'^  P^gard  des 
drcrets  de  discipline.  En  effet  s*il  est 
Trai,  comme  Pobserve  M,  Simon,  que 
cette  doctrine  est  re9ue  en  France  non  a 
cause  de  Pautorite  du  Concile,  mais  parce- 
quVlle  etoit  re9ue  dans  tout  Ic  royaume 
avant  que  les  <!:vOques  s'assemblassent  k 
Trentc,  il  resulte  par  une  consequence 
nrccssaire,  que  ce  qui  n'^toit  point  re9tt 
alors  n'a  pas  plus  de  force  qu'il  en  avoit, 
puisque  Pautorite  du  Concile  ne  lui  en 
(lonne  aucunc.  Or  ce  ne  seroit  pas  une 
ehoAc  difficile  k  prouTcr,  ou  qu'avant  le 
Concile  on  pensoit  en  France  d'une  ma- 
iiicrc  differcnte  sur  quelques  articles,  ou 
du  moins  qu'on  y  disputoit  librement,  et 
qu'on  n*y  regardoit  point  comme  articles 
dc  foi  Irs  opinions  qui  ont  dtes  donnc'ea 
pour  des  dogmes  dans  le  Concile,  et 
qu'ainsi  on  doit  toujours  avoir  sur  cela  la 
mrmc  liberie  dc  penser.  C'est  ce  que 
plusieur5  theologiens  regarderont  peut-^tre 
rommc  une  h<''r(''sie  digne  d'anath<!'me ; 
main  qui  est  pourtant  une  consequence  du 
fait  auparavant  demontre,que  le  Concile  de 
Trentc  n'a  jamais  H6  rt<^  selon  les 
formes  ordinaires  ni  quant  k  la  discipline 
ni  quant  k  la  doctrine." — Hitt.  du  C(mc. 
de  Trentet  vol.  u,  p.  (JlMi,  Londret,  1736. 

I  do  not  expect  J.  R.  to  concur  in 
the  latter  part  of  this  paragraph  from 
Couraycr,  nor  do  I  pretend  that  one 
so  far  removed  from  the  standard  of 
orthodoxy  in  the  Gallican  church  can 
be  quoted  as  an  authority  for  the  sen- 
timcnta  of  anv  but  himself.  Yet 
Dupin,  in  his  famous  correspondence 
with  Archbishop  Wake,  seems  not  to 
coosider  the  poiaU  of  differeoce  to  b« 


irrevocably  settled,  and,  in  his  remarks 
on  the  articles  of  our  church,  never 
refers  to  any  decision  of  the  Tridcn- 
tine  Council.  Dapin,  however,  is  but 
one  man  ;  and  in  general  there  can  be 
no  doubt,  as  I  have  already  acknow- 
ledged, that  the  church  of  Fmnce  has 
fully  submitted  to  the  decrees  of  the 
Council  in  matters  of  faith. 

Your  correspondent's  communica- 
tion on  this  subject  not  being  closed 
in  vour  last  number,  1  do  not  know 
what  notice  he  designs  to  take  of  the 
remaining  part  of  the  passage  which 
he  has  done  me  the  honour  to  quote, 
wherein  I  advert  to  the  conduct  of  the 
Emperor  Ferdinand  in  referring  the 
whole  controversy  between  the  church 
of  Rome  and  the  members  of  the 
Augsburg  Confession  to  the  judgment 
of  Cassander ;  and  upon  which,  as 
may  be  perceived  by  the  words, 
"  even  in  France,"  I  laid  more  stress 
than  on  any  thing  that  occurred  in  the 
latter  country.  As  I  am  desirous  not 
again  to  trespass  on  your  patience,  I 
will  with  your  permission  quote  a 
passage  from  Thranus,  lib.  xxxvi.  in 
justification  of  my  suggestion  that  the 
Emperor  "  seems  to  have  hesitated 
about  acknowledging  the  decisions  of 
a  Council  which  had  at  least  failed  in 
the  object  for  which  it  was  professedly 
summoned,  the  conciliation  of  all  par- 
ties to  the  church."  I  quote  it  as  pre- 
fixed to  the  Consultatio  Cassandri,  in 
the  folio  edition  of  his  Works,  Paria^ 
1616. 

"  Cum  videret  (Ferdinandus),  concilio 
Tridentino  jam  ad  exitum  perducto,  quan- 
tum ad  Germaniara  et  suk  ditionis  popu- 
los  parum  perfectum,  seroque  animadver- 
terct,  sibi  a  Cardinal!  Morono  verba  data* 
quo  a  postulatis  suis  ctjcommunibus  cum 
rege  Gallise  initis  consUiis  discederet, 
quod  ab  alienft  ope  tantis  malis  subsidium 
frustra  expectaverat,  a  propriis  sibi  su- 
mendam  existimavit,  et  Maximiliani  filii 
nptimi  juxtA  ac  prudentissimi  principia 
consilio  usus  de  controversis  confessionit 
Augustante  articulis  amict^  conciliandia 
serio  cogitare  ciepit ;  qua  in  re  Georgii 
Cassandri  viri  optimi  ac  doctissimi  qui 
Duisburgi  tunc  erat,  opera  uti  volnit.  Is 
ad  cxactissimam  rerum  sacrarum  scien- 
tiam  summum  animi  candorem  ac  mode- 
rationcm  addidcrat,  et  in  cognoscendis 
httjus  Kvi  controversiis,  rationibusque, 
qoibus  hiec  temi)estas  utcuuque  sedari,  et 
ne   migor   distractio    et    diiaceratio   ia 


260 


Order  of  the  Pnhlkattwi  of  Shakespear^s  Plays.       [Mardi, 


ecclesiA  fiat,  occurri  possit,  conqnirendis 
omne  vits  spatium  contriyerat,*'  &o. 

I  do  not  give  the  rest  of  the  pas- 
sage ;  but  it  will  be  found  to  repeat 
and  confirm  what  has  been  already 
extracted.  It  is  true  that  the  Emperor's 
aim  was  to  reconcile  the  Lutherans  of 
Germany  who  would  not  acknowledge 
the  Council  of  Trent.  But  if  Cassander 
was  only  to  repeat,  even  in  other 
words,  the  decrees  of  that  body,  what 
reasonable  hope  was  there  of  making 
these  Lutherans  more  tractable  ?  And 
accordingly  we  find  both  by  his  letter 
to  the  £mperor,  prefixed  to  the  Con- 
sultation and  by  the  whole  tenor  of 
that  work,  that  he  considered  the 
points  in  controversy  as  still  open 
questions,  which  a  Catholic  might  in- 
vestigate according  to  Scripture,  and 
the  primitive  church.  The  Council  is 
tacitly  set  aside  throughout ;  and  I  am 
not  sure  that  he  does  not  sometimes 
maintain  tenets  incompatible  with 
some  of  its  determinations.  The  Con- 
sultation of  Cassander  was  delivered, 
after  the  death  of  Ferdinand  in  1564, 
to  his  son  and  successor  Maximi- 
lian IL 

Your  correspondent  observes,  p. 
147,  that  "  a  departure  or  dissent 
from  the  decrees  of  the  Council  would 
necessarily  involve  a  lapse  into  schism, 
and  a  severance  of  Catholic  unity."  I 
admit  that,  on  Roman  Catholic  prin- 
ciples, this  is  true  at  the  present  day. 
But  I  would  ask,  with  deference  to 
J.  R.'s  greater  familiarity  with  these 
subjects,  whether  the  recognition  of 
a  Council  by  the  whole  Church  be  not, 
on  the  same  principles,  the  test  of  its 
oecumenicity.  And  for  this  recogni- 
tion some  short  time  at  least  must  be 
required.  No  Council,  as  he  must  be 
aware,  has  ever  been  either  a  full  or  a 
proportional  representation  of  the  uni- 
versal church ;  and  at  Trent  in  particular, 
the  number  of  prelates  by  whom  many 
important  decrees  were  made,  appears 
to  have  been  inconsiderable.  This  has 
often  been  urged  by  Protestants ;  and 
the  reply,  as  I  presume,  would  be  that, 
the  Church  having  acknowledged  their 
authority  by  its  submission,  they  must 
be  deemed  to  be  of  as  much  validity  as 
if  every  prelate  had  been  personally 
present.  The  only  doubt  which  1 
started  was  as  to  the  period  antecedent 
to  that  general  acquiescence  of  the 


Church  of  Rome ;  and  bo  ftr  at  leMt 
as  the  Emperor  Ferdinand  is  cfm« 
cerned,  I  venture  to  hope  that  mf  Ian- 
guage  will  be  thought  not  to  go  beyond 
the  strict  letter  of  truth. 

Yours,  3cc.  Hsnby  Hallam • 

2,  Great  Newport  St. 
Mr.  UasAN,  Feb.  4. 

IN  justice  to  Mr.  Knight,  the  editor 
of  the  "  Pictorial  Shakspere/'  1  feel 
myself  called  upon  to  notice  a  miatake 
of  Mr.  Hunter  m  the  letter  which  he 
has  recently  addressed  to  you. 

Mr.  Knight  in  a  note  on  his  Intro- 
duction to  the  Plav  of  Henry  V.  has 
been  pleased  to  acknowledge  a  trifling 
suggestion  of  mine  (which  he  has 
worked  out  with  great  industry  and 
discrimination  to  a  very  satisfactory 
result),  regarding  the  publication  of  the 
original  editions  of  Shakespeare's  plays. 
Mr.  Hunter>  from  mistakmg  the  pur- 
port of  that  note,  appears  to  consider 
the  "  Pictorial  Shakspere "  to  be  a 
joint  labour  of  Mr.  Knight  and  my- 
self. I  now  most  explicitly  declare 
that  I  have  not,  nor  ever  had,  any 
connection  with  Mr.  Knight  in  thiit 
publication,  nor  have  I  supplied  to 
him  any  help  whatever  beyond  the 
suggestion  for  the  discussion  of  the 
question  he  has  there  entered  into,  a 
paper  which  I  had  sketched  out  on 
the  scenery  of  the  Tempest,  and  a  few 
proposed  verbal  emendations;  and 
these  not  as  the  contribution  of  a 
joint-editor,  but  merely  as  hints  fbr 
his  consideration. 

With  respect  to  the  particular  point 
I  allude  to  in  Mr.  Hunter's  letter,  his 
observation  that  Mr.  Knight  and 
myself  have  changed  our  o[^inion 
about  the  date  of  the  composition  of 
the  Tempest,  I  beg  to  say  that  1  bttve 
never  had  any  conversation  with  Mr. 
Knight  on  the  subject,  beyond  ex- 
pressing my  belief  that  it  is  one  of 
the  author's  later  works,  and  aldioueh  I 
cannot  but  own  that  Mr.  Hunter  by  nis 
disquisition  has  somewhat  shaken  tiuU 
conviction,  I  am  not  yet  altogether 
prepared  to  give  it  up.  At  the  risk  of 
being  thought  tedious,  I  will  re-slate 
the  subject  of  my  suggestion  to  Mr. 
Knight,  acknowledged  by  him  in  his  In- 
troduction to  Henry  V., — particularly 
as  it  strikes  rae  that  some  curkws  dt« 
ductions  may  be  drawn  from  it.  My 
questions  to  Mr.  Knight  were^-^Did 


1 840.]  The  Quarto  EdHiom  of  Shakespeare's  Playi. 


S61 


Shakespeare  publish  any  of  his  own 
works  ?  Is  there  any  proof  of  his  so 
doing,  and  which  were  they  ?  These 
questions  were  accompanied  by  some 
trifiing  hints  on  the  subject,  with  a 
desire  that  he  would  examine  it  fully. 

It  appears  by  the  extracts  from  tne 
books  of  the  Stationers'  Company, 
given  by  Herbert  in  his  edition  of 
Ames's  Typographical  Antiquities,  that 
that  body  exercised  towards  its  several 
members,  which  included  all  the  pub- 
lishers and  booksellers  of  the  period, 
the  same  function  which  is  now  con- 
sidcred  to  be  lodged  exclusively  in  the 
Court  of  Chancery,  and  that  it  visited 
by  fine  and  **  stay,"  that  is,  by  dis- 
atluwing  of  a  particular  book  to  be 
published,  any  infringement  of  copy- 
right ;  and  that,  trifling  as  was  the 
sum  paid  at  that  time  for  copyright, 
and  few  as  were  the  numbers  of  a  book 
then  vended  compared  with  the  sale 
of  modern  times,  the  proprietors  were 
as  jealous  of  their  copies,  and  guarded 
them  as  tenaciously,  as  the  publishers 
of  the  present  day,  when  the  value  of 
literary  property  is  increased,  on  an 
average,  perhaps,  five  hundred  fold. 

Now,  on  looking  over  the  list  of  the 
early  editions  of  Shakespeare's  plays  as 
they  originally  came  out  in  4to.,  it  will 
be  seen  that  several  of  them  were  put 
forth  by  the  same  publishers,  and  that 
these  parties  retained  their  right  in 
them  down  to  the  publication  of  the 
first  collected  edition  in  folio,  1623,  in 
some  cases  a  period  of  twenty- five 
years.  It  is  evident,  therefore,  that 
these  publishers  derived  their  right 
either  immediately  from  the  author,  or 
from  some  person  to  whom  he  had  de- 
legated it.  My  belief  is,  that  he  him- 
self saw  some  of  them  throu^^h  the 
press  ;  and,  as  confirmatory  of  this  opi- 
nion, I  can  state  that  several  of  those 
so  published  are  remarkably  correct  in 
the  typographical  execution,  so  much 
so  that  I  have  collated  more  than  one 
without  discovering  an  error.  Mr. 
Knight,  who  has  carefully  examined 
this  subject,  has  come  to  the  conclusion 
that  nine  of  the  early  editions  in  A  to.  pre- 
vioHt  to  the  folio  of  1623,  tcere  publithed 
hy  the  author,  or  with  his  consent ;  and 
to  these  nine  may  be  added  the  two 
poems.  Venus  and  Adonis,  and  Lucrecc, 
the  first  editions  of  which  are  moet 
correctly  printed^  etch  of  them  having 


a  dedication  prefixed  to  it,  another 
confirmatory  proof  that  they  were 
published  by  the  author. 

On  the  publication  of  the  first  col- 
lected edition  of  the  author's  works, 
in  1623,  the  plays  not  previously 
entered  on  the  Stationers'  books  aa 
the  property  of  any  individual,  or 
partners,  are  entered  as  the  property 
of  the  publishers  of  that  edition,  "  as 
many  of  the  said  copies  as  are  not 
formerly  entered  to  other  men  ;  "  and 
the  titles  of  the  newly  published  playa 
are  particularized.  Here  then  is  a 
distinct  acknowledgment  of  a  legal 
proprietorship.  The  important  fact  I 
deduce  from  this  examination  is,  that 
the  plays  have  come  down  to  us  with- 
out those  interpolations  which  some 
critics  would  fain  make  us  believe  have 
been  foisted  in  by  the  players,  his 
fellows ;  in  vindication  of  whose  in- 
tegrity we  have  those  prior  editions, 
besides  their  own  express  declaration 
"that  we  have  scarce  received  from 
him  a  blot  in  his  papers ; "  for  the 
veracity  of  which  declaration  we  have 
the  remarkable  words  of  Jonson,  that 
"  he  wished  he  had  blotted  a  thoa- 
sand,"  in  which  I  for  one  do  not  join, 
notwithstanding  my  respect  for  "  rare 
Ben. "  We  have  also  the  great  in- 
ternal proof  of  the  master-mind  per- 
vading the  whole  composition  of  a 
play,  and  speaking  in  all  its  characters. 
1  refer  mere  particularly  to  the  inferior 
characters,  from  whose  mouths  the 
interpolations  are  said  to  proceed. 
Who,  for  instance,  can  abstract  the 
character  of  the  fool  from  Lear  with* 
out  despoiling  the  play  of  one  of  its 
most  important  characters,  and  mate- 
rially injuring  its  catastrophe,  to  which 
every  speech  from  his  mouth  contri- 
butes ?  Again :  the  misconceptions  of 
Dogberry  and  Verges,  leading  to  the 
apprehension  ofConrad  and  fiorrachio^ 
involve  the  catastrophe  of  Much  Ado 
about  Nothing.  The  waggeries  of 
Launcelot  Gobbo  may  be  by  such 
critics  considered  interpolatiqns,  yet 
one  line  from  the  mouth  of  Jessica  not 
only  assures  us  that  we  are  reading  the 
words  of  the  poet,  but  gives  us  the 
clearest  insight  into  the  character  of 
Shy  lock  ;  and  when  she  says  to  Laun- 
celot, "  thou  art  a  merry  devil  in  this 
hell,"  she  lets  us  at  once  into  all  the 
economy   of    the   Jew's   householdp 


262 


The  Orthography  of  Shakespeare^ 8  Name* 


[Mfirdi, 


speaking  a  volame  in  a  line, — one  of 
those  touches  peculiar  to  the  hand  of 
a  great  master,  and  so  conspicuous  in 
the  works  of  Shakespeare. 

But,  although  I  am  assured  in  my 
own  mind  that  there  are  no  interpo- 
lations of  characters  and  speeches,  I 
do  not  feel  equally  satisfied  that  the 
entire  text  has  in  all  cases  come  down 
to  us,  many  of  the  plays  appearing  to 
be  printed  from  what  are  technically 
called  cuts,  that  is  to  say,  with  those 
parts  omitted  which  were  left  out  in 
representation,  and  hence  the  obscuri- 
ties and  perplexities  of  the  text  that 
sometimes  encounter  us.  The  dis- 
cussion of  this  point,  however,  re- 
quires a  long  and  patient  investigation, 
and  is  a  subject  worthy  the  employ- 
ment of  a  superior  pen.  I  will  only 
call  attention  to  the  fact,  that  several 
of  the  plays  are  in  extent  more  than  a 
third,  as  compared  with  the  others, 
and  that  among  those  short  ones  we 
find  Pericles,  to  which  Mr.  Collier  in 
his  recently  published  Farther  Parti- 
culart  regarding  theworJcs  of  Shakespeare 
has  successfully  retrieved  several  lines 
from  a  contemporaneous  prose  narra- 
tive founded  on  the  play. 

Another  point,  as  appears  to  me, 
may  be  elucidated  by  the  early  edi- 
tions,— I  mean  the  pronunciation,  if 
not  the  orthography,  of  the  poet's 
name.  In  all  the  early  4tos.  with  two 
exceptions,  the  name  is  spelt  Shake- 
speare. The  two  exceptions  are.  Love's 
Labour  Lost,  1598,  in  which  it  is 
Shakegpere,  and  the  first  edition  of 
Lear,  1608,  in  which  it  stands  Shak- 
speare,  a  hyphen  being  placed  between 
the  syllables,  as  is  also  the  case  in  se- 
veral other  of  these  early  editions. 
In  the  writings  of  his  contemporaries, 
those  who  speak  of  him  always  spell 
the  name  Shakespeare,  and  as  several 
of  these,  as  Jonson,  Drayton,  Meres, 
and  John  Davies  of  Hereford,  were 
his  personal  friends,  we  may  rest 
confidently  assured  that  his  name  was 
pronounced  by  himself  Shakespeare, 
howsoever  he  may  have  written  it, 
since  we  know  from  every  day  ex- 
perience that  names  whose  orthography 
we  are  unacquainted  with  are  set  down 
by  us  from  the  pronunciation. 

I  would  suggest  that  in  all  future 
controversy  on  this  much  disputed 
point  the  only  reference  be  to  the 


will,  until  some  other  unquestion- 
able document  be  discoTered.  Of 
the  two  deeds  so  often  referred  to 
as  being  discovered  by  Mr.  Albany 
Wall  is,  nothing  is  now  known;  and 
after  what  has  come  to  our  knowledge 
respecting  the  deplorable  ignorance  of 
most  of  the  literati  of  this  country 
during  the  latter  part  of  the  last  century 
in  all  matters  of  palaeography,  little 
reliance  can  be  placed  in  their  critical 
skill,  whatever  credit  may  be  due  to 
their  integrity.  I  have  onl^  further 
to  add,  that  I  yesterday  again  inspected 
the  will,  in  company  wiUi  the  Rer.  A. 
Dyce,  and  that,  after  a  most  patient 
and  minute  examination  of  the  signa- 
tures attached  to  that  document  by  the 
aid  of  a  powerful  magnifying  glass* 
we  both  felt  perfectly  convinced  that 
it  is  written,  in  each  instance,  Shak^ 
speare,  the  contested  a  in  the  second 
syllable  being,  in  fact,  as  clear  and 
well  defined  as  any  letter  therein. 

Yours,  &c.    Thos.  Rood. 


British  MueeuM, 
Mr.  Urban,  Feb,  15. 

IN  consequence  of  the  papers  which 
have  appeared  in  the  last  two  numbers 
of  your  Magazine,  on  the  subject  of 
the  orthography  of  Shakspere'e  name* 
I  am  induced  to  offer  a  few  supple- 
mentary remarks.  I  might,  indeed* 
be  content  to  let  the  question  rest  based 
on  the  arguments  advanced  by  Mr. 
Bruce;  but  some  would  then,  perhaps, 
think  I  was  either  indifferent  to  the 
result,  or  doubtful  of  the  validity  of  the 
cause  I  have  engaged  in.  Neither  is 
the  case.  The  point  at  issue  seems 
to  mc  to  be  reducible  to  this  brief  pro- 
position  : 

1st,  Ought  we  to  be  guided  by  the 
variable  authority  of  the  press  and  the 
small  wit  of  some  pointless  puns  i  or, 

2dly,  Shall  we  adopt  the  unvarying 
evidence  furnished  to  us  by  the  hand 
of  the  Dramatic  Bard  himself? 

Mr.  Hunter  tells  us,  that  the  rule 
should  be  "  the  usage  of  persons  of 
cultivation."  But  what  ruU  is  this« 
at  a  period  when  we  are  assured  by  the 
same  writer  that  the  utmost  indtfier- 
cncc  existed  in  regard  to  it  ?  Even  in 
our  own  times  whose  authority  are  we 
to  follow  in  the  observance  of  such  a 
rule  ?  With  the  exception  of  half  a 
dozen  persons,  all  the  world  wioli 


1 840.]         Orihography  of  Shakiptr^^RaUghr^BurgJdey. 


263 


SJiakipeare,  until  the  "Observations" 
on  his  autograph  appeared*  and  1  find 
Mr.  Hunter  himself  (unless  the  printer 
has  here,  too,  played  the  part  of  cor- 
rector),at  one  time  ^xiHugShakspeare* 
and  at  another  Shakespear,\  although 
he  now  contends  that  neither  is  cor- 
rect !     In  fact,  when  I  undertook,  at 
the  request  of  my  friend  Mr.  Barn- 
well, to  write  the  remarks  on  Shak- 
spere's  copy  of  Montaigne,    it    was 
chiefly  against  the   popular  form   of 
Shaktpeare  those  remarks  were  direct- 
ed ;  for  I  never  anticipated  that  Mr. 
D' Israeli's   loyal  pen  would   so  sud- 
denly have  been  seized  in  vindication 
of  what  he  calls  "  the  genuine  name." 
But  this  flourish  of  the  quill,  even  by 
80  distinguished  a  writer  as  the  author 
of  the  Curiositiet  of  Literature,  will 
certainly  not  be  sufficient  to  set  aside 
the  poet's  own  signatures ;  and  with 
all  the  respect  I  bear  to  "  such  men  " 
at  Collier,  Dyce,  and  Hunter,  1  doubt 
not  that  Shaktpere  will  maintain  its 
ground  against  all  comers.     But  Mr. 
Hunter  cries  out  it  is  unsightly!    To 
my  eye,  I  confess,  the  unsightliness 
lies    in    the    superabundant    vowels. 
Surely  the  simple  Saxon  spere  is  en- 
titled to  as  much  respect  as  the  speare 
of  the  I4th  century  ?     Supposing  our 
great  dramatic  bard  were  to  burst  his 
cerements,  and  again,  in  the  presence 
of  these  critics,  were  to  trace  his  name 
S,h,a,k,i,p,e,r,e,  would  Mr.  Hunter  be 
hardy  enough  to  tell  him  it  was  unsight- 
ly, or   Mr.  D'Israeli  contemptuously 
reproach  him  with  the  "  barbaric  curt 
Mhock  "  of  so  honoured  an  autograph  ? 
I  can  scarcely  believe  it. 

But  let  us  revert  to  two  other  cases 
in  point,  the  names  of  Ralegh  and 
liurghley.  The  insufficiency  of  the 
rule  appealed  to  by  Mr.  Hunter  is  in 
the  first  instance  evident,  and  even 
Mr.  D'Israeli  owns  he  is  "uncertain 
how  to  write  it. "J  He  does,  never- 
theless, write  it  Rawleigh ;  whereas 
('oilier.  Hunter,  Lodge,  and  a  host  of 

•  Who  wrote  Cavendish's  Life  qf  WoU 
tfy .'  in  Singer's  edit,  of  the  Life,  8vo. 
Ix>Dd.  1825,  p.  x:ixi.  and  Life  qf  Sir 
Thomas  More,  etc.  edited  by  the  Rev. 
Jot.  Hanter,  8to.  Lend.  1828,  p.  'irA,  n, 

t  Advertisement  appended  to  Three 
Catalogues,  tie.  8vo.  Lond.  1838. 

:  Curios,  qfLit,  vol.  iii.  p.  221,  ed. 
1817.  There  is  no  later  edition  ia  the 
British  MuKum. 


inferior  authors  write  it  Raleigh,  Both 
parties  may  refer  to  precedent  or  usage, 
and  how  are  we  then  to  decide  ?  Most 
unquestionably  by  recurring  to  his 
own  autograph.  This  is,  however, 
said  to  vary  also,  and  probably  might, 
at  an  early  period  of  life ;  but  in  all  the 
original  letters  I  have  ever  seen,  and 
I  take  the  liberty  of  adding,  by  far  the 
largest  portion  that  exists,  the  name  is 
uniformly  spelt  Ralegh.  It  is  there- 
fore, according  to  my  argument,  on  the 
justest  grounds,  that  Cayley,  the  editor 
of  the  Life  of  Sir  Walter,  published  in 
4to.  1805,  returns  to  the  autographical 
form  of  Ralegh ;  a  form,  I  am  rejoiced 
to  observe,  which  has  been  followed  in 
the  Oxford  reprint  of  his  works  in 
1829.  Is  this  unsightly  ?  Is  this  har» 
baric? 

Again,  in  the  case  of  Burghley.  The 
form  to  be  met  with  in  every  work,  I 
believe,  till  within  the  last  twenty 
years,  was  Burleigh,  and  Mr.  D'Israeli 
and  Mr.  Dyce  (not  to  mention  many 
others)  have  sanctioned  it  by  their 
usage,  Mr.  Hunter,  however,  and  Mr. 
Collier — deserting  here  the  Shake- 
speare band  —  had  seen  too  many 
genuine  autographs  of  Elizabeth's  great 
statesman  not  to  know  that  he  himself 
invariably  wrote  Burghley,  and  they 
judiciously  adopt  the  genuine  form. 
Will  Mr.  Hunter  in  this  instance  set 
up  the  usage  of  persons  of  cultivation 
against  the  autograph  of  the  individual  ? 
If  so,  I  must  beg  to  refer  him  to  the 
fac-simile  of  a  warrant  prefixed  to  the 
second  volume  of  Wright's  Queen  Eliitt'" 
heth  and  her  Times,  8vo.  1838,  where 
we  find  the  name  has  been  written  by 
the  clerk  in  the  popular  form  of  Bur- 
leigh,  but  the  Lord  Treasurer  has  struck 
his  pen  through  the  obnoxious  ortho- 
graphy, and  inscribed  above  Burghley. 
Now  I  maintain  that  on  the  authority 
of  this  single  document,  all  the  varia- 
tions made  by  all  the  printers  and 
punsters  (could  they  pun  on  such  a 
name)  from  the  reign  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth to  the  present  time,  might  fear- 
lessly be  set  at  nought. 

Yours,  &c.  F.  Maddbn. 
P.  S.  As  I  am  in  much  perplexity 
how  to  write  the  name  of  the  great 
Reformer  of  Lutterworth,  one  of  the 
earliest  translators  of  the  Bible  into 
our  vernacular  tongue,  and  as  the  usage 
of  persons  of  cultivation  only  tends  to 
confuse  me,  I  ihoold  feel  exceedingly 


264 


'<  Shalapeare'*  ihi  neetved  OrtlogiHiphg  tri 


[Miieh, 


obliged  to  any  of  your  readers  to  pro- 
duce me  «i«  genuine  autographi  of  this 
individual,  that  1  may  hereafter  be 
able  to  follow  some  standard  in  writing 
his  name. 


I  HAVE  read  with  considerable  in- 
terest what  has  been  lately  written  on 
the  subject  of  the  proper  mode  of 
spelling  Shakspeare's  name ;  and, 
being  of  opinion  that  Mr.  Bruce  has 
by  no  means  settled  the  question, 
though  he  has  discussed  it  very  plea- 
santly, I  have  to  beg  that  you  will 
give  insertion  to  the  following  remarks 
on  the  same  subject. 

To  persons  who  have  never  consi- 
dered the  matter,  it  may  seem  the 
height  of  presumption  in  any  one  to 
persevere  in  spelling  Shakspeare's 
name  as  I  spell  it,  ader  the  discovery 
of  a  beautiful  autograph  of  the  poet, 
in  which  the  name  is  clearly  written 
Shalcspere,  I  feel  persuaded,  however, 
that  there  is  no  impropriety,  much 
less  presumption,  in  the  case ;  but,  on 
the  contrary,  that  the  impropriety,  and 
certainly  the  inconsistency,  rests  with 
those  who  omit  the  letter  a  in  the  se- 
cond syllable. 

A  few  preliminary  words  are  due  to 
Mr.  Bruce.  lie  has  very  satisfac- 
torily disposed  of  some  of  the  argu- 
ments which  have  been  adduced  in 
favour  of  the  received  orthography  of 
the  poet's  name ;  but,  on  a  reconside- 
ration of  the  matter,  it  will  be  per- 
ceived that  not  one  of  the  arguments 
with  which  he  has  dealt  so  success- 
fully is  of  any  real  weight  or  value  in 
deciding  the  question  at  issue.  I  will 
briefly  follow  him  :  1 .  Whether  one 
word  sounds  prettier  than  another  is 
absolutely  quite  foreign  to  the  point ; 
(to  say  nothing  of  the  identity,  as  far 
as  the  ear  is  concerned,  of  spere,  spear, 
and  speare.)  2.  No  argument  as  to 
the  orthography  of  a  name  can  of 
course  be  derived  from  the  arms  ;  since 
it  may  very  reasonably  be  suspected 
that  the  herald  whose  duty  it  was  to 
invent  a  coat-of-arms  for  John,  the 
poet's  father,  having  no  traditional 
bearings  to  guide  him,  was  driven  to 
the  not  uncommon  expedient  of  seek- 
ing a  meaning  in  the  name  itself.  3. 
The  spelling  casually  adopted  by  prin- 
ters in  the  reigns  of  Queen  Elizabeth 
5 


and  King  James,  is  clearlj  no  mifl- 
cient  autiiority.  4.  Equally  valuelMt 
in  deciding  the  question  of  orthogra- 
phy must  the  usage  of  jNinsteri  be 
confessed  to  be.  But,  nirtfaer  tham 
this,  I  cannot  go  with  Mr.  Bmoa. 
There  remains  another  •muneiit^ 
which  does  affect  the  q[Oeraon;  or 
rather,  which  sets  the  questioa  at  rest ; 
and  with  this  argument,  in  my  humble 
opinion,  Mr.  Bruce  haa  dealt  leee 
successfully.  What  that  argument  it, 
I  will  immediately  state. 

The  syllogism  on  which  thoae  who 
advocate  the  adoption  of  SAdbpere 
proceed,  is  evidently  this.  The  poet 
invariably  wrote  nimself  "  8hali* 
spere ;" — names  are  to  be  spelt  as  their 
owners  invariably  spelt  them  i  there- 
fore, "  Shakspeare"  is  to  be  spelt 
Shalcspere:  and  this  would  be  all  very 
well,  and  very  conclusive,  if  ii  wire 
true ;  but  it  is  not  true.  The  premises 
are  unsound  from  which  the  conelo- 
sion  is  drawn.  In  the  first  place,  there 
is  no  proof  that  Shakspeare  invariaUy 
spelt  his  name  Shakspere,  as  I  will 
presently  more  fully  explain ;  and  in 
the  second  place,  we  do  not  spell 
names  as  their  owners  invariably  spelt 
them.  For  the  moment,  however,  we 
will  concede  the  first  point  i  and  as- 
sume for  the  sake  of  argument  that 
Shakspeare  did,  on  all  occasions,  write 
himself  Shakspere. 

I  say  then,  we  do  not  spell  old 
names  as  their  owners  spelt  them. 
We  never  inquire  how  they  were  spdt 
by  their  owners.  We  spell  them, 
as  our  fathers  spelt  them:  and  give 
ourselves  no  further  concern  od  the 
subject.  Nay,  when  well -educated 
men,  and  general  usage,  and,  above 
all,  when  carefuUy  printed  books  have 
established  any  mode  of  orthography, 
we  hold  it  to  be  affected,  and  pwiantic, 
and  so  forth,  to  depart  from  precedent, 
and  introduce  an  innovation.  What, 
for  instance,  would  be  thought  of  a 
person  who  chose  to  spell  Sir  William 
Cecil,  Cedll  Yet  did  Queen  Elisa- 
beth's prime  minister  imoariahhf  adopt 
that  mode  of  orthography.  Asain,  Sir 
John  Mason  invariably  spelt  £is  name 
Masone;  Lords  Cromwell  and  Monta- 
gue, write  Crumwell  and  Mountogue ; 
Sir  William  Pickering,  Pffkerfmg  s  Sir 

ngfMi 


Anthony  Wingfield,    Wpngft^,    

John  Mordaunt,  Mordwste  ;  whUa  the 
Earls  of  Pembroke,  Leicester*  Shmvi* 


1840.]       ''  SiMhpeare**  tie  reeriveiOrtkdgrapig  prntttetUid. 


2» 


bury,  &c.  &c.  were  Pmbrokt,  Lffcm' 
ter,  Skreweabmrf,  and  to  on.  These 
men,  be  it  obienred,  were  not  obscure, 
or  illiterate.  They  were  privy  coun- 
sellors, prime  ministers,  and  ambassa- 
dors ;  and  Cecil,  in  particular,  was  ex- 
tremely nice  on  the  subject  of  ortho- 
graphy. I  abstain  from  citing  poets 
and  players,  —  Shakspeare's  friend 
Barbage  for  example,  the  Garrick  of 
his  day,  who  wrote  himself  as  nobody 
writes  him,  Burbadg;  and  the  poet 
Daniel,  who  wrote  himself  IMmjfei, 
The  preceding  catalogue  might  be 
swelled  out  to  an  amazing  extent ;  but 
I  am  drawing  upon  the  stores  of  my 
memory,  instead  of  rummaging  among 
MSS.  What  are  we  to  do  when  a 
man  spelt  his  name  two  different  ways, 
as  Dryden  and  Raleigh  did  ?  What  is 
to  be  done,  when,  as  in  the  noble  fa- 
mily of  Grey,  one  member  wrote  him- 
self Orey,  another  Gray,  and  a  third 
Graye.  I  do  not  ask  the  question  be- 
cause I  am  in  want  o'  an  answer.  We 
all  know  what  is  to  be  done  on  such 
occasions ;  and  indeed  on- every  occa- 
sion, when  a  doubt  ia  entertained  as 
to  the  right  way  of  spelling  a  proper 
name,  we  adopt  that  mode  of  ortho- 
graphy which  has  been  sanctioned  by 
the  practice  of  the  miyority  of  culti- 
vated, well-educated  persons.  Now 
the  universal  voice  of  "  all  Europe  and 
a  part  of  Asia"  is  in  favour  of  an  a 
in  the  second  syllable  of  Shakspeare's 
name. 

I  suspect,  and  cannot  suppose  that 
I  err  in  suspecting,  that  Mr.  Bruce, 
and  those  who  entertain  the  same 
opinion  as  himself,  must  hence- 
forth adopt  one  of  the  three  following 
courses:  1st,  return  to  Shakspeare, 
which  is  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  yeara 
standing ;  or,  2dly,  stick  to  Skakiptn, 
in  defiMice  of  consistency;  or,  3dly, 
be  consistent,  and  revolotiooize  the 
whole  system  oforthography  of  proper 
names.  The  third  woold  be  an  im- 
practicable, besides  a  very  disagreeable 
alternative ;  the  second  etamoi  &• 
adopted  wiihoui  fMM^ftH  imeoim$ienejf, 
1  therefore  beg  leave  to  recommend 
the  first  alternative* 

Here  I  might  leave  off;  but  I  cannot 
conclude  this  letter  without  requesting 
those  gentlemen  who  feel  interested  In 
the  question  to  bear  in  mind  the  fol- 
lowing circumstances :  1.  Wthave,  or 
to  spnk  more  eorreetly  we  k&i,  m 

Gbnt.  Ma«.  Vol.  Xlll. 


autographs  of  Shakspeare.  Tlirea  of 
these,  (now  considerably  damaged,) 
are  attached  to  the  same  document,— 
his  will,  executed  in  March,  lOlO. 
Two  proceeded  from  his  pen  in  Mardi, 
1013;  and  the  autograph  in  the  Britbli 
Museum,  which  has  no  date,  is  the 
sixth.  Now,  it  is  manifost  that  the 
three  signatures  consecutively  sub- 
scribed to  the  three  pages  of  the  poet'a 
will,  are  entitled  to  only  one  wote  on  the 
present  occasion.  The  two  next  auto* 
graphs  have  disappeared !  but  one  of 
them  exhibited  a  contraction,  thua, 
Skakipiri  and  the  other  was  atUl 
more  unsatisfactory,  for  it  was  not 
even  Shaigpiri  it  was  Skakipe,  wiUi 
some  little  stroke  or  letter  over  the  e. 
Malone  thought  that  this  little  letter 
was  an  e,  but  when  he  wanted  to 
verify  the  fact,  the  document  was  lost ! 
Nobody  can  feel  more  concerned  than 
I  feel  at  the  scarcity  of  the  poet's 
writing,  and  the  unsatisfactory  nature 
of  the  evidence  we  possess  on  the  sub* 
ject  of  his  antograpn ;  but,  to  the  best 
of  my  belief,  the  facta  are  as  1  have 
stated  them.  And,  let  me  ask,  what 
kind  of  proof  have  we  here  that  it  wae 
the  MiMirte6le  practice  of  the  post  to 
write  hie  name  Skahpenf  we  do 
not  possess,  as  far  as  we  know,  a  single 
scratch  of  his  pen  during  the  whole 
of  his  theatrical  career :  namely,  firom 
about  1585  to  1613.  In  odier  worda 
there  exists  no  proqf  isAeltoevtr  of  the 
asserted  uniformity  of  his  practice  ia 
this  particular  during  the  first  forty* 
nine  years  of  his  life  1 1 1 

3.  But  there  dbet  exist,— HMt  abso* 
lute  l^roof  indeed, — but  evidence  of  a 
very  high  order,  that  Shakspeare  waa 
no/  uniform  in  his  mode  of  spelling  hie 
own  name :  for,  in  1593,  hepoblished 
>  a  poem,  "  the  first  heir  of  his  inven* 
tion ;"  and,  in  1594,  his  second  pocoa 
appeared.  Both  poems  were  preceded 
by  an  ''Epistle  dedicatory;"  both 
epistles  were  addressed  to  the  same 
nobleman ;  both  are  subscribed  by  the 
poet ;  and  la  both  tnt/oacet  his  nameia 
printed  William  SHAKBSPBAaB.  I 
am  prepared  to  make  every  allowance 
for  the  inaccuracy  of  printers  and  pob- 
lishers ;  but  I  cannot  suppose,  I  will 
not  be  persuaded,  that  on  two  separate 
occasions,  after  the  interval  of  a  year, 
such  exemplary  consistnicy  in  error, 
such  marvellous  aptitude  at  nlsappfe* 
henaion.  sihoiild  have  been  Banimafesd 

iM 


266 


''  Shalapiart '  *  the  Yieehei  OHhogtapky  vhiHeaiei.    [if aieb, 


by  any  printer  whatsoever.     It  has 
never  yet  been  doubted  that  the  two 
dedications  to  which  I  allude,  were 
written  by  Shakspeare  himself;  nor  do 
I  see  the  slightest  grounds  for  sup- 
posing that  he  was  not  their  author. 
I  feel  confident  that  no  one  will  wish 
to  impeach  the  authenticity  of  these 
two  interesting  little  compositions ;  and 
are  we  not  to  presume  that  they  were 
printed  from  the  poet's  own  MS.  ?    If 
so,  why  should  we  giye  the  printer 
credit  for  such  gratuitous  ingenuity  as 
to  suppose  that  he  took  the  trouble  to 
insert  two  vowels  into,  a  name  which 
may  be  very  easily  read,  written,  and 
pronounced    without    either?     I  do 
confidently   believe   that    Shakspeare 
signed   the    dedications    in    question 
Shakespeare.    Not  much  reliance,  it  is 
true,  could  have  been  placed  in  a  single 
specimen ;  but  we  have  two ;  and  if  the 
poet  objected  to  the  printer's  method 
of  spelling  his  name   in  the  first  in- 
stance, would  he  not  have  remonstrated 
when  the  same  poem  came  to  a  second 
edition?  or  have  cautioned  the  pub* 
lisher  of  his  second  poem  against  the 
mistake  which  had  been  made  by  the 
publisher  of  his  former  work  ? 

3.  The  discovery  of  a  single  auto- 
graph proof  that  the  poet  spelt  his  name 
Shakespeare,  as  there  is  such  good 
reason  to  believe  that  he  did  spell  it  in 
the  two  printed  documents  just  cited, 
would  destroy  the  only  argument  (un- 
sound  as  it  is)  which  has  been  adduced 
in  favour  of  spelling  it  Shakspere, 

4.  There  was  no  "  coxcombry  and 
affectation "  in  the  practice  of  Shak- 
speare's  age  of  spelling  the  same  name 
in  two  different  ways  ;  and  Mr.  Bruce 
is  too  learned  an  antiquary  to  suppose 
that  such  was  the  case.  The  truth  is, 
men  were  wholly  indifferent  about  the  • 
matter. 

5.  It  is  true  that  the  parish-clerk 
spelt  the  name  of  the  poet's  family  in 
the  parish-register  Shakspere,  twenty- 
seven  times  out  of  thirty ;  but,  Shaks- 
peare's  beloved  daughter,  and  her 
husband.  Dr.  Hall,  who  certainly 
raised  the  monument  to  the  bard  (being 
his  executors)  and  who  may  be  safely 
presumed  to  have  known  at  least  as 
much  about  the  matter  as  the  parish- 
clerk,  spelt  his  name  on  his  monu- 
ment as  /  spell  it,  Shakspearb.  If 
her  immortal  father  had  ever  hinted  his 
dislike  to  this  mode  of  orthography,  I 


feel  persuaded  that  it  would  not  lisVe 
been  adopted.  This  was  in  1610.  In 
1623  died  the  poet's  wife;  and  her 
name  is  spelt  on  her  tomb  Shaketpeare, 
and  we  meet  with  the  same  orihogim* 
phy  of  the  name  on  the  tomb  of  Dr. 
Hsdl  in  1636,  and  that  of  hU  wife 
(Shakspeare's  daughter)  in  1649* 

6.  His  friends,  the  players,  who  as* 
sociated  with  him  daily,  shared  hb 
fortunes,  and  knew  his  autograph 
better  than  anybody,  and  who  mutt 
therefore  be  regarded  as  some  sliaht 
authority,  in  the  first  edition  of  hit 
plays,  printed  seven  years  after  his 
death,  call  him  «  Mr.  William  Shake* 
speare,*' 

7.  It  must  be  confessed  to  be  rtUker 
an  odd  thing  that  the  printers  of  the 
sonnets,  the  poems,  and  the  old  quarto 
plays,  should  have  been,  as  it  were,  in 
league  together  on  all  occasions  to 
mis-spell  the  name  of  Shakspeare; 
that  no  stray  printer's  devil  should, 
by  any  chance  on  any  stray  title  ptge, 
have  once  blundered  it  into  "  Shaks- 
pere," during  the  poet's  own  lifetime. 

8 .  Still  more  odd  must  it  be  admitted 
to  be,  that  into  this  league  or  con- 
spiracy should  have  fallen  att  Shake- 
speare's contemporaries  and  friends,-* 
Jonson,  Camden,  Dugdale, — every  one 
in  short  who  knew  him,  and  may  be 
supposed  to  have  corresponded  with 
him,  or  seen  letters  of  his  ;  and  that 
the  ranks  of  the  disaffiected  who  had 
determined  to  "filch  from"  the  poet 
his  "  good  name,"  should  have  been 
swelled  out  by  notaries,  lawyers,  and 
lawyers'  clerks;  critics,  and  biogra- 
phers; heralds,  poets,  and  plajpers; 
to  say  nothing  of  the  "  gentlemen  of 
the  press,"  ancient  and  modem,  who, 
by  a  strange  instinct,  a  fatality  which 
there  is  no  accounting  for,  one  and  all, 
seem  to  have  kept  themselves  aloof 
from  the  orthography  which  is  aow 
advocated  so  strenuously. 

9th,  and  lastly.  It  must  be  confessed 
to  be  the  oddest  thing  of  all,  that  fife 
autographs,  which,  it  is  maintained, 
all  agree  in  one  mode  of  orthography, 
and  that  mode  Shakspere,  should  nave 
been  for  so  many  years  before  the  pab- 
lic,  and  never  before  have  suggested 
the  controversy,  which  has  sprung  ap 
within  the  last  few  years,  or  rather 
months,  on  the  discovery  of  a  aizthl 
It  is  declared  that  the  three  sipiitwia 
to  his  will,  and  the  two 


1840.]      "  Shaktpmt "  At  reemei  Orikegn^  xitMuUi* 


aet 


affixed  to  two  several  legal  instraments, 
are  very  decidedly  Shalapere,  Well* 
but  three  of  these  were  known  to  Rowe 
and  Popc>  Theobald  and  Hanmer« 
Warburton  and  Johnson ;  and  all  five, 
1  believe,  to  Steevens  and  Malone, 
Garrick  and  Kemble,  Capel  and 
Farmer,  Ayscoogh  and  .Chalmers, 
Bos  well  and  Douce,  &c.  &c.  6cc.  kc.  &c. 
How  did  it  happen  ?— how  in  the  world 
did  it  come  to  pass  that  none  of  these 
red-hot  Sbakspearians  ever  ''let  slip 
the  dogs  of  war,"  and  vindicated  the 
new  spelling?  It  cannot  have  been 
because  they  deemed  the  matter  trifling 
and  unimportant ;  for  they  were  pre- 
pared to  "  monster  "  the  poet's  "  no« 
things,"  as  everybody  knows.  Only 
one  person,  as  far  as  I  know,  ever 
furmally  ventured  on  spelling  the  name 
Shakapere :  it  is  so  spelt  in  one  of  Bell'a 
editions  of  the  plays;  but  no  where 
else, — except  in  Knight's  embellished 
edition,  now  in  the  course  of  publica- 
tion. 

From  a  review  of  these  considera* 
tions  1  think  it  will  appear  that  it  is 
extremely  unreasonable,  at  this  time 
of  day,  to  perplex  ourselves  with  a 
new-fangled  orthography  of  a  well- 
known  classic  name.  I  say  nothing 
about  the  queer  look  of  the  word  when 
it  is  written  ShaktperB;  for  this  it  evi- 
dently a  matter  of  opinion.  For  my 
own  part,  I  shall  always  write  thie 
poet's  name  SuAispxAaa;  because 
with  that  name  my  brightest  poetical 
recollections  are  inseparably  associ- 
ated, together  with  the  remembrance 
of  some  of  my  happiest  houn.  It  it 
enough  for  me  to  huno  the  interesting 
fact  Uiat  on  four  several  occasions  the 
poet  dropped  the  a  in  the  second  sylla- 
ble of  his  name.  I  cheerfully  admit 
the  value  of  the  discovery  ;  but  there 
my  concern  in  the  matter  ends. 

Let  me,  in  conclusion,  observe  that 
I  have  no  inclination  to  find  faolt  with 
those  gentlemen  who  spell  Sbakspeare'i 
name  Shaktpere,  I  do  not  think  tkem 
"  affected  or  pedantic.''  On  the  con- 
trary 1  honour  them  for  the  practice,— 
persuaded  as  I  feel,  that,  with  them. 
It  proceeds  out  of  reverence  and  love 
for  the  bard ;  though  I  think  they  have 
chosen  an  odd  way  to  show  theur  love 
and  reverence.  (I  cannot  bear  to  see 
the  name  1  "honour  on  this  tide 
idolatry  as  mnch  as  any,"  in  anv  way 
altered  or  diegoiiedt)    If  fuueawi 


on  the  other  side  of  the  qoestion  would 
but  say,—"  We  know  vre  are  incon- 
sistent ;  but  we  choose  to  spell  the 
name  so,  in  defiance  of  reason,  simply 
because  Ae  spelt  it  so  six  times," — they 
would  be  absolutelv  unanswerable.  I 
recommend  this  high  and  strong  ground 
to  them ;  but  then,  they  must  not  pre- 
tend that  the  SkaJuftaritma  are  in 
error.  They  must  act  on  the  defen- 
sive, and  live  and  die  like  martyrs. 

This  is,  I  believe,  all  I  have  to  say 
on  the  subject ;  and,  like  Mr.  Brace, 
I  shall  dismiss  it  wiUi  a  hope  that  no- 
thing which  I  have  written  ma^  give 
pain  or  offence  to  any.  I  deem  it  sa- 
perflooos  to  state  that  I  have  comma- 
nicated  vrith  no  one  on  the  subject,  and 
that  the  opinions  which  1  have  haiard- 
ed  are  my 'own.        Yours,  Ice. 

John  William  BuaooN. 


Mb.  UnsAN,  FA.  12. 

OUR  matchless  dramatic  Poet,  while 
he  pourtrays  the  operation  of  the  paa-i 
sions  on  the  human  heart,  as  they 
have  acted,  and  will  continue  to  act 
throughout  all  a^,  incorporatat 
largely  with  his  delmeattons  tne  Ian* 
guage,  maanars,  and  vaagee  of  kit 
own  time.  Thus,  to  use  hit  own 
words,  he  holds  as  it  were  "  the  mir- 
rour  ap  to  Nature,"  shews  Virtue  her 
own  feature,  Scora  her  own  imtfe* 
and,  as  regards  the  period  in  which  M 
lived,  faithfully  describee  "the  wy 
age  and  body  of  the  time,  its  fonnaaa 
pressure."  Hence  it  is  that  in  eo 
many  of  Shakspeare's  pli^yt  we  hati 
lively  portraits  of  the  diffiirent  charae* 
ters  composing  the  society  of  tlia 
court,  the  town,  the  coontry,  or  the 
coDunon  people,  in  the  reigna  of  Eli* 
zabeth  and  James  the  First,  and  this 
circumstance  gives  a  double  charm  to 
his  writings.  It  carries  us  back  to  % 
sterling  old  English  period,  the  lan- 
guage and  manners  of  which  wer« 
altogether  national  and  uncorraiited« 
yet  are  not  now  so  antiquated  ana  ob- 
solete as  to  require  to  be  studied 
deeply  in  order  to  be  relbhed,  and  to  bd 
approached  likethe  ohlerdramaticcoiii- 
positions  with  the  spectacles  of  an  anti- 
quary, a  glossary  in  hand;  for  the 
rust  of  a  very  eariv  period  will  cling 
about  an  anthor  oi  ttie  brightest  ge- 
nius, and  render  his  writings  "  caviare 
to  the  general."  Why  are  the  trana- 
ceidMit  buMur,  wit»  KOijicri  tntiv 


d68    License  of  the  Duke  of  York's  Company  of  Players,  1611.  fMarcli, 

and  beauty  of  Chaucer  known  to  the 
multitude  only  by  tradition  of  his  fame ; 
but  because  time  has  overshadowed 
his  poems  by  the  cloud  of  an  obsolete 
dialect  ?  Happily,  however,  this  is  not 
the  case  with  Shakspeare,  and  the 
illustrations  which  his  writings  re- 
quire are  to  be  found  in  books  and  do- 
cuments perfectly  intelligible  in  our  day, 
but  contemporary  with  himself.  1  have 
been  led  to  these  observations,  by 
finding  in  my  note-book  an  extract 
from  a  MS.  formulary  of  public  acts 
in  the  reign  of  James  the  First,  which 
is  an  exact  running  commentary  on 
that  passage  in  the  play  of  Hamlet, 
where  Polonius  enumerates  the  va- 
rious kinds  of  dramatic  performances 
in  which  the  itinerant  players  who 
visit  the  court  at  Elsinore  are  skilled, 
and  attests  them  to  be  "the  best 
actors  in  the  world  either  for  tragedy, 
comedy,  history,  pastoral,"  &c.  &c. 

It  points  at  once  to  the  precise 
meaning  of  the  Prince,  when  he  re- 
quests one  of  the  players  to  give  him 
a  taste  of  his  quality,  a  passionate 
speech.  It  shews  that  this  "  quality  " 
was  exercised  either  for  the  perform- 
ance of  Dramas  on  the  Greek  model ; 
Histories,  being  the  personages  and 
events  recorded  in  our  chronicles, 
thrown  into  the  dramatic  form  of 
dialogue  and  action ;  Interludes,  of  an 
allegorical  character ;  Morals  or  Mora- 
lities, compiled  at  once  for  the  edifica- 
tion and  amusement  of  the  auditors. 
This  document  also  shows  how  the 
players  were  protected  from  being 
considered  in  the  eye  of  the  law  as 
masterless  vagabonds,  being  certified 
as  sworn  servants  of  a  Prince  or 
nobleman  ;  and  describes  the  places 
where  their  performances  were  usually 
given,  either  in  houses  of  their  own 


providing,  the  amphitheatres  or 
"  wooden  O  s,"  (used,  by  the  by,  also 
for  cock  fighting  and  bear  bai&ig,)* 
the  halls  of  Corporations,  of  Pablic 
Schools,  or  of  the  Universities. 

However  well  known  some  of  the 
above  circumstances  may  be,  it  is 
pleasing  to  see  them  confirmed  by 
the  original  form  of — 

"  A  licence  for  players  to  use  their 
quality  in  his  Majesty's"  (James  the 
First's)  "  dominions."  After  the  nsoal 
preamble,  the  letters  patent  set  forth 
in  the  King's  name  that  certain  per- 
sons "  are  authorised  as  sworn  ser- 
vants of  our  dear  son  the  Duke  of 
York  and  Rothsaie,  with  the  rest  of 
their  companie,  to  use  and  exercise  the 
art  and  quality  of  playing  comedies, 
histories,  enterludes,  moralls,  pasto- 
ralls,  stage  plays,  and  such  other  like 
as  they  have  already  or  hereafter  shall 
studie  or  use  for  the  recreation  of  oor 
loving  subjects,  and  for  our  solace  and 
pleasure,  when  we  shall  think  fit  to 
see  them  ;  and  the  said  enterlades  or 
other  to  shew  and  exercise  pabiiqaely 
to  their  best  commodity,  as  well  in 
and  about  our  City  of  London,  in 
such  usual  houses  as  themselves  shall 
provide,  as  also  within  any  town- 
halls,  mote-halls,  guild-halls,  school- 
houses,  or  other  convenient  places 
within  the  liberties  and  freedom  of 
any  other  city,  university,  or  boroa^ 
whatsoever  within  our  realms  and  do- 
minions." Then  follows  a  reserra- 
tion  of  such  authority,  power,  priTilm 
and  profit,  as  may  appertain  to  the 
Master  of  the  Revels  by  letters  patent 
or  Commission  granted  by  the  late 
Queen  Elizabeth,  or  by  his  Majesty 
King  James,  to  Edward  Tilney,  Mastcs' 
of  the  said  Revels,  or  Sir  George  Buck, 
Knight,  t 


*  The  beautiful  long  Antwerp  view  of  London  presents  the  form  of  these  biiildiiigt4 
The  Globe  (Theatre,)  was,  I  suppose,  so  called  from  its  circular  form.  The  choms 
in  Henry  V.  gives  a  lively  sketch  of  one  of  these  houses  for  barbarous  sports  aad 
dramatic  entertainments.  The  lions  of  Van  Amburgh  are  bringing  us  back  in  tOBa 
degree  to  the  old  taste. 

**  Pardon y  gentles  all, 

The  flat  unraised  spirit  that  hath  dar'd 
On  this  unworthy  scaifold  to  bring  forth 
So  great  an  object.     Can  this  cockpit  hold 
The  vasty  fields  of  France  ?  or  may  we  cram 
Within  this  wooden  O  the  very  casques 
That  did  affright  the  air  at  Agincourt,**  &c. 

t  The  instrument  is  tested  at  Westminster  in  the  ninth  year  of  the  n%B  ef 
James  L ;  bat  it  is  a  mere  formal  draft,  and  the  names  of  the  patentees  aii  mc  ii« 


18400 


lUnHraiions  of  SkJoftmre. 


In  connexion  with  this  subject  it 
may  be  further  observed,  that  passages 
of  Shakspeare  are  sometimes  found  to 
be  illustrated  not  onlv  by  contemporary 
documents  and  authors,  but  by  cir- 
cumstances in  which  little  connexion 
with  his  writings  could  be  expected. 
Thus  some  years  since  I  pointed  out  to 
your  readers  what  a  practical  com- 
mentary on  a  passage  of  King  John 
was  afforded  by  a  mere  mechanical 
operation.  The  King,  when  suffering 
under  the  excruciating  torments  of  Uie 
poison  exclaims, 

*'  I  am  a  irribbled  form  drawn  with  a  pen 
Upon  a  parchment,  and  against  this  fire 
Do  /  thrink  up." 

In  the  Chamberlain's  office  of  the 
City  of  London,  were  found  about  the 
time  referred  to  some  records  on  parch  • 
ment  much  damaged  by  fire.  The 
writing  in  these  was  $hnmk  to  a  fourth 
of  the  original  size  bv  the  action  of  the 
element  on  the  membrane,  preserving, 
notwithstanding,  the  form  of  the  cha- 
racters beautifully  clear.  Several  of 
the  Cottonian  MSS.  present  a  similar 
appearance  from  the  same  cause. 

When  Hamlet  tells  the  Lady  player 
that  she  is  nearer  Heaven  than  when 
he  saw  her  last,  by  the  "  altitude  of  a 
chopine,"  an  incidental  contemporary 
passage  shews  me  that  a  chopine, 
which  some  commentators  have  ex- 
plained to  be  a  measure  for  liquids,  was 
an  article  of  dress,  probably  a  high- 
heeled  shoe  or  clog.  A  familiar  letter  of 
which  I  have  a  note,  dated  Dec.  35, 
1623  says — "  A  post  has  arrived  from 
Spain :  a  proclamation  has  been  issued 
that  the  Infanta  be  no  more  called 
Princess  of  Wales.  In  sign  of  her 
sorrow  she  put  off  her  tkoppitu," 

An  epistle  by  Toby  Matthew  of  Sept. 
30,  1598,  proves  that  the  First  Pkrt  of 
Henry  Iv.  was  vmtten  before  that 
date ;  for  he  says,  "Sir  Francis  Vere 
is  coming  towanb  the  Low  Countries ; 
with  him  Sir  Alexander  RatcHff  and 
Sir  Robert  Drury ;  well,  honour  pricks 
them  on,  and  the  world  thinks  that 


honour  will  qaicklv  prick  them  off 
again,"  which  are  mt  very  wonb  of 
Falstaff's  soliloquy  on  honour,  in  the 
battle  field  at  Shrewsbury.  The  same 
letter  speaks  of  Ben  Jonson's  ode- 
brated  comedy  as  a  new  play  thai 
lately  acted,  called  '*  Every  Man's 
Humour." 

In  the  Second  Part  of  King  Henrv 
IV.  Falstaff  says  of  Bardolph,  "I 
bought  him  in  Pktul's,  and  he'll  buy  no 
a  horse  in  Smithfield ;  an  I  could  get 
me  but  a  wife  in  the  Stews,  1  wore 
manned,  horsed,  and  wived."  lo 
Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  tfao 
first  edition  of  which  was  published 
A.D.  1631,  we  have  the  followbg  pot- 
sage  remarkably  coincident  with  that 
just  quoted,  which  shews  that  the  al- 
lusions it  contains  were  proverbial. 

**  He  that  marries  a  wffe  out  of  a  sot- 
peeitd  hine  or  ale  house,  buyes  a  Jlorve  la 
SmU^eld,  and  him  a  ienmni  m  Prnttw^ 
Mi  ike  dherbe  U,  shaU  likely  have  a  jade 
to  his  horse,  a  knave  I6r  }d»  man,  and  aa 
arrant  honest  woman  to  his  wife."* 

That  obscure  denunciation  of  an* 
cient  Pistol  against  Master  Slon* 
der,  whom  he  challenges  to  combat 
as  "  a  latten  bilbo,'^  which  hao  - 
puzzled  the  annotators,  was  ezplaiaod 
at  once  by  an  old  account  of  the  ofiko 
of  the  Revels  preserved  among  tho 
MSS.  at  Loaeley,  to  mean  an  imitatiott 
of  a  Spanish  or  Bilboa  sword,  mode  of 
latten  or  mixed  metal  instead  of  sled  i 
for  among  the  mock  equipments  of  the 
Lord  of  Mianile  are  "one  Sdavovo 
(Sclavonian)  blade  and  one  BjIdo 
(Bilboa)  bronde, ;  ace." 

I  am  pertnaded,  Mr.  Urban,  that  % 
man  of  judgment,  leisure,  and  restaidi^ 
conversant  with  the  writers  of  the 
latter  half  of  the  sixteenth  and  eariiar 
portion  of  the  seventeenth  centnry^ 
might  form  an  entertaining  volnme  ti 
illustrations  of  Shakspeare  drawn  from 
contemporary  publications  and  MSS* 
preserved  in  our  public  depositoriea. 
The  Right  Hon.  T.  P.  Coortenay  haa 
lately  £>ne  something  in  this  way  for 


serted.  The  date  sssignsble  is  A.D.  1611 ;  snd  this  agrees  well  enough  with  oollalsffal 
oircnmstances,  for  Sir  George  Buck  was  msde  Msster  of  the  Revels  towsids  the 
close  of  1610,  and  the  Dnke  of  York  became  Prince  of  Wales  hi  Nov.  1612.  Thi 
date  is,  thorefore,  a  true  one,  and  the  draft  probably  designed  for  an  aetaal  grant. 

*  Barton's  Anat.  of  Melancholy,  vol.  ii.  p.  472.  Edit.  1819. 

t  Merry  Wives  of  Wfaidsor»  sot  1. 1*  U 
JMiqr  MSS.  p.  86. 


♦ 


270 


CoUmel  John  Jonei,  the  Regicide. 


[Maidi^ 


Shakspeare's  "  Hiitories/'  by  a  careful 
comparative  analysis,  in  a  series  of 
Essays,  of  those  productions  with  the 
old  English  Chronicles. 

With  regard  to  the  orthography  and 
accentuation  of  Shakspearc's  name 
qow  under  discussion  in  your  pages, 
I  observe  with  pleasure  Uiat  the  re- 
marks of  your  acute  and  impartial 
correspondent  Mr.  Bruce,  by  no 
means  enforce  the  necessity,  that  we 
should,  in  compliance  with  the  ortho- 
graphy which  he  advocates,  pronounce 
it  with  barbarous  elision  iSAacAr-spear. 
It  were  as  absurd  to  call  him  Shack- 
apere  as  to  style  with  some  syllabicaliy 
precisian  cockneys  the  towns  of  Green- 
wich and  Woolwich  —  Green  Witch 
and  Wool  Witch. 

The  observance  in  conversation  of 
the  orthography  instead  of  the  Twrma 
loquendi,  generally  the  correct  autho- 
rity, has,  in  my  own  days,  changed 
the  name  of  the  village  of  Lewisham 
(Lew'sham)  into  Lewis  Ham,  al- 
tiiough  I  recollect  we  have  evidence 
in  the  laconic  apophthegms  of  Lord 
Bacon  that  in  King  James's  time  it 
was  called  familiarly  Lew'sham.  The 
King,  on  his  way  to  Knole,  passing 
through  this  long  straggling  village, 
asked  what  place  it  was  ;  he  was  told 
Lusom.  After  a  considerable  interval, 
dragging  on  in  a  heavy  state  coach  of 
the  day  through  a  miry  road,  he  again 
asked  where  he  was  ;  he  was  told  still 
in  Lusom.  I  hope,  said  the  monarch, 
jestingly,  that  I  am  king  of  this  Lusom ; 
which  appeared  comparatively  of  in- 
terminable extent. 

What  authority  indeed  can  there  be 
that  the  a  in  Shak-spere  should  be  ac- 
cented grave  (a)  ?  Might  it  not,  with 
equal  caprice,  be  considered  broad  and 
open  {d)  ?  I  have  heard  northcountry- 
mencall  him,  ore  rotundo,  Shawk'Spetur, 
The  inflections  of  dialect  may  be  harsh; 
but  those  of  a  refined  pedantry  are, 
to  practised  ears,  ridiculous. 

Yours,  &c.     A.  J.  K. 


Mr.  Urban,  Bridgnorth,  Jan,  21. 

As  Mr.  Joseph  Morris,  of  Shrews- 
bury, has  requested  you  to  correct 
what  he  pleases  to  say  is  a  very  erro- 
neous assertion  which  appeared  in  the 
memoir  of  the  late  Sir  T.  J.Tyrwhitt 
Jones,  Bart,  in  your  number  of  the 
Gent.  Mag,  for  December^  1839#  viz. 


"  He  was  lineally  descended  in  the 
female  line  from  the  ancient  patrician 
stock  of  JoneS/  of  Chilton-grove,  in 
the  parish  of  Atcham,  and  of  Shrews- 
bury. Of  that  family  was  the  Regi- 
cide Colonel  John  Jones,  brother-in- 
law  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  also  his 
secretary,  whose  residence  was  at 
Fonmon-castie,  co.  Glamorgan,"  9k, 
I  must  request  you  will  insert  the 
following  detail  in  corroboration  and 
confirmation  of  the  above  statement, 
which  was  obtained  from  the  month 
of  the  late  deceased  Baronet  some  years 
ago  before  the  occurrence  of  his  me- 
lancholy accident,  who  was  very  con- 
versant with  the  history,  and  well 
acquainted  with  the  biography  of  his 
ancestors  and  family,  and  no  one  could 
reverence  them  more.  At  that  time 
he  showed  the  writer  of  the  above 
passages  a  very  excellent  painting  of 
that  colonel  in  his  dining  room  at 
Stanley-hall,  and  also  several  beauti- 
fully executed  miniatures  of  Oliver  the 
Protector,  which  shortly  before  the 
colonel's  execution  had  been  packed 
up  and  sent  from  one  of  the  colooel's 
residences  to  his  relations,  the  Joneses 
of  Shrewsbury.  From  them  these 
pictures,  with  the  protector's  very 
large  silver- faced  repeating  watch,  al- 
most globular,  were  afterwards  con- 
veyed to  their  relations,  the  Haxleys 
of  Stanley-hall,  near  to  Bridgenortn, 
from  whom  these  paintings  eventually 
became  the  valuable  property  of  the 
late  Baronet.  But  the  Reverend  Mr. 
Hartshorne,  of  Broseley,  marrying  one 
of  the  co-heiresses  at  Stanley,  pos- 
sessed himself  of  the  very  carious  and 
interesting  piece  of  mechanism,  the 
silver  watch  of  Cromwell,  and  pre- 
sented it  to  his  friend  and  virtnoso. 
Captain  Henry  Livingstone,  of  Black- 
lands,  Bobbiugton,  who,  a  short 
time  before  his  decease,  bestowed  it 
upon  a  lady,  a  distant  relative  of  the 
Huxleys  and  the  late  Earl  of  Powis, 
the  Huxleys  at  that  period  being  all 
dead ;  and  it  is  now  in  the  custody  of 
a  gentleman  residing  within  a  few 
miles  from  Bridgnorth,  as  the  col- 
lateral descendant  and  representative 
of  the  same  lady.  The  Rev.  Mark 
Noble,  in  his  Memoirs  of  the  House 
of  Cromwell,  observes  of  Colonel  John 
Jones,  the  Regicide,  (whose  residence 
he  does  not  state,)  ''  that  the  Repob* 


1840.]       T%i  Jtmeii  pfShrmilmf  igthuf  ihi  Pr^teei&Me.         K71 

Kioff«  yet  he  wm  nerer  uooeitefed 
for  ule  king  (thoogh  posMSsed  of  con- 
siderable property),  but  declared  him* 
•elf  against  the  commission  of  array 
in  the  time  of  the  wan,  and  refhsed  to 
find  a  dragoon  for  the  King's  service* 
for  which  he  was  committed  by  Sir 
Francis  Ottley,  thm  Oovemor  of 
Shrewsbury,  whidi  commitment  llr. 
Jones  afterwards  brought  two  men  to 
testify  before  the  Parliament  commit* 
tee  in  Shrewsbory  as  an  argument  of 
his  good  affection  to  them.  His  hfo* 
ther  that  was  of  the  Parliament  party, 
and  recorder  of  the  town  (of  Shrewa* 
bury)  in  the  time  of  rebellion,  declared 
him  there  publiquely  upon  the  bendi 
of  a  quarter  sessions,  a  man  wdl  af- 
fected to  the  Ptoliament— all  whidi 
could  have  been  proved  against  them. 
The  above  Thomas  Jones  having  qot 
the  Parliament  party  to  elect  him 
town  clerk  of  Shrewsbury,  his  con* 
duct  had  been  such  against  the  Kinf^ 
that  he  was,  after  the  Restoiatiofi, 
turned  out." 

Their  behaviour  is  also  particularly 
noticed  as  attached  to  the  party  agaioit 
the  King  in  a  letter  of  Francis  Lotd 
Newport,  afterwards  Earl  of  Bradlbrd, 
a  nobleman  of  the  highest  sense  of 
honour,  integrity,  and  patriotism  thin 
country  can  boast  of,  or  perhaps  evw 
will,  and  not  likelv  to  make  aseertioas 
and  statements  that  were  not  moel 
assuredly  true  and  eorrect.  Thomas 
Jones  was  certainly  resident  at  Shrewil- 
bury  at  the  time  the  town  was  takmi 
by  the  Parliament  party,  and  it  msf 
be  fairly  said  that  ne  was  a  priaonw; 
suffering  nothinc  like  many  other  per- 
sons raiding  therein;  but  that  cir- 
cumstance proves  nothing.  And  tiioa^ 
these  Joneses  and  the  Regicidb  may 
have  been  descended  from  separate 
and  distinct  stocks,  it  does  not  foUow 
but  there  may  have  been  an  aflbiity  ia 
after  times. 

Yours,  fcc.    Wk.  Habdwioc. 


licans,  the  friends  of  the  Colonel,  no- 
ticed him  as  a  gentleman  of  North 
Wales,  and  of  a  competent  estate,  and 
that  next  to  a  certainty  he  was  re* 
turned  a  member  for  Merionethshire 
in  1640  as  John  Jones,  Esquire;  and 
in  1656  for  the  counties  of  Derby*  and 
Merioneth,  when  he  is  styled  Colonel," 
and  though  his  biographer  has  noticed 
many  persons  of  the  same  surname  of 
Jones,  who  took  an  active  part  during 
the  Civil  Wars,  the  Commonwealth, 
and  Protectorate,  he  has  designated  no 
Colonel  of  these  names,  but  mentions 
Colonel  Philip  Jones,  who  was  a  Privy 
Counsellor  to  both  the  Protectors,  and 
one  of  Oliver's  Lords  of  the  Upper 
House.    In  addition  to  the  late  Baro- 
net's information  respecting  his  rela- 
tion Colonel  John  Jones,  the  Rev.  John 
Brickdale  Blakeway,  one  of  the  Shrews- 
bury historians,  had  previously  ex- 
pressed himself  of  the  same  opmion, 
and  that  this  Colonel  vras  a  relation 
of  the  Joneses  of  Shrewsbury.     In 
proof  of  Uiis  Colonel's  being  possessed 
of  Fonmon  Castle,  Benjamm  Heath 
Malkin.esq.  in  his  account  of  the  Sce- 
nery, Antiquities,  and  Biography  of 
South  Wales,**  published  in  1807,  clear- 
ly states,  that  "  Colonel  John  Jones, 
who  signed  the  death  warrant  of  King 
Charles  I.  and  who  took  his  seat  in 
the  council  of  state  on  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Commonwealth,  died  on 
the  scaffold  among  the  Regicides  at  the 
restoration,  and  was  the  possessor  of 
this  castle,  and  from  him  the  present 
owner  is  descended.     There  is  here, 
(>erhaps,  the  finest  portrait  extant  of 
Oliver  Cromwell." 

Mr.  Morris  further  observes,  that 
"  the  late  Sir  Tyrwhitt  Jones's  ancestor 
Thomas  Jones  of  Shrewsbury  and 
Sandford,  Esquire  (afterwards  Lord 
Chief  Justice),  so  fiir  from  being  of 
the  Regicide's  fhmily  or  opinions,  vras 
one  of  the  loyal  Shropshire  ^ntlemen 
taken  prisoner  by  the  Ptirliamentary 
f<irces  on  their  capture  of  Shrewsbury 
Feb.  22,  1644-5.'' 

It  is  very  clear  that  Mr.  Jones's 
conduct  bespoke  more  of  prudence 
than  loyalty,  or  perhaps  of  time-serv- 
ing than  either, — though  "  in  1662, 
he  declared  he  was  always  for  the 


•  It  is  presumed  that  this  name  iheald 
be  Denbigh. 


Mr.  UaBAW,  O^fitri,  FA.  6. 
ON  an  excursion  last  summer  to  the 
delightfU  village  of  Bremhilt  I  waa 
glad  to  find  my  friend.  Canon  Bowleg 
busily  employed  in  restoring  the  in- 
terior of  his  parish  church  to  somethlw 
like  its  original  character;  and  as  it 
may  be  doubtfkd  whether  the  vrorM 
may  hereafter  be  fkvoured  with  aa 
improved  edition  of  the  Puochial  Hii« 


272 


BftmhiU  Church,  WUtiUfe, 


[Marck, 


toiy  of  tlut  place,  I  Bend  you  s  few     the  platform  above  the  comica,  under 

particulars  of  what  1  observed  during  the  centre  of  the  arch,  ataiuls  ft  fine 

my  stay  there.  bust  of  the  Saviour,  an  Eeet  Homo, 

Your  readera  wilt  be  pleased  to  learn  executed  in  Italy. 
that  the   lath   and    plaster  partition.         This  church  eihibits  aome  intenat- 

which  lately  occupied  the  whole  space  ing   examples   of  rarions    perioda   of 

of  the  arch  dividing  the  nave  Trom  the  English  arch itectare.   The  bold  tinder- 

chancel,  has  been   entirely   removed,  cutting,   the   scroll-work,    and   other 

Thisnacomelyobstructlou  was  erected  enrichments    of  the    capitals   of  the 

here,asinother places, fromwhichitis  columns,  which  divide  uie  nave  from 

now  rapidly  vanishing,  at  the  time  of  the  side  ailes,  are  peculiarly  striking, 

the  Reformation,   for  the  purpose  of  The  font,  which  is  of  correipondiog 

receiving  the  royal  arms,   paioted   by  character,  has  been   engraved  among 

the  yard  on  a  large  scale  in  token  of  Mr.   Britten's  specimens  of  Norman 

the  regal  supremacy,  just  then  substi-  fonts  in  his  Architectural  Dictionary, 

tated  for  the  papal.     This   prepos-  There  arc  several  varieties  of  oak  cair- 

terous  heraldry  is  now  less  conspjcu-  ing  in  the  panel-work   of  tlie   acataj 

onsly  placed  above  the  crown  of  the  which  exhibit  their  original  atandaida, 

arch  against  the  blank  wall,  a  mea-  though  blended  with  modern  additiona, 

sure  which  I  adopted  in    my  own  From  the  sculptured  omamenta  of  the 

parish  church  about  fifteen  years  since,  vaulted  roof  of  the  south  porch,  among 

The  beautifully  carved  screen,  which  — "■"' "- — "■■'-  '"-'    -  ^'-  ' 


supported  the  a 


It  ii 


rood- Ion,  still 


which  we  see  the  white  nait  a: 

of  the  house  nf  York,  and  the  double 

■  of  the  union,  we  may  coDclude 


specimen  ;    and,  though  it  has   been     this   part,   and  perhaps  the  tower,  to 


painted  white,  only  reqv 


stored  to  its  original  oak  colour.  Upon     the  Seventh, 


have  been  rebuilt  in  the  time  of  Henry 


In  the  chancel  are  several  very  in- 
teresting monuments  and  memorials. 
Near  Dr.  Tounson's  grave  stone, 
who  died  iu  l6S7,  arc  the  vestiges  of 
an  ancient  inscription  on  a  mutilated 
stab  of  black  forest  marble,  part  of 
which  has  been  unfortunately  removed 
to  make  room  for  some  modern  pave- 
ment nf  freestone.  The  letters  are  in 
the  large  and  bold  Gochico-Roman 
form  of  the  twelfth  century,  and  in  the 
centre  is  a  purfled  crosier.  From  the 
situation  of  this  monumental  slab,  and 
from  its  general  character,  which  cor- 
responds withsomeofthe  earliest  por- 


tions of  the  fabric,  there  a  erery  rut- 
son  to  believe  that  it  waa  intended  to 
commemorate  the  founder  of  the  chnrch, 
or  the  first  rector,  about  the  commence- 
mert  of  the  thirteenth  century.*  ^e 
only  part  of  the  inscription  at  all  legi- 
ble consists  of  the  word  inbbftub  in 
the  upper  line,  and  in  the  oppoaiteone 
/luepftu,  ttumrit 

is  used  by  SeaecM. 

Yonn,  Ice.    J.I. 


273 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


Farther  Particular*  regardimg  Shake^  Dame/'  and  certainly  there  is  consU 

^are  and  hiM  WorkB.  Bjf  J.  V.CoU  derable  resemblance  in    the    stories. 

her.  1839.                  ^  Shakespeare  may  have  gained  a  know. 

WHEN  we  open  a  book   of  Mr.  '^^  ^^  }^»  either  in  an  old  miracle 

Collier's,  we  are   always  certain    of  P^^'  ^^  ^'^  *^^^  >^o^<l  formed  npon  it. 

being  rewarded  with  some  curious  and  'Ourthly.    Mr.  Collier  says,  "  few 

interesting  information.  We  shall  very  ^iU  now  dispute  Shakespeare's  claim 

briefly  mention  the  chief  points  touched  to'Perielet.  "    He  then  shows  that 

on  in  this  his  third  little  volume  on  ^^  ^'^  marked  by  no  author  before 

the  subject  of  Shakespeare.  ^^^»  ^^  ^m  published  in  that  year^ 

First.lon  "The  Merchant  of  Venice."  Probably  from  a  surreptitious  copy; 
Mr.  Collier  shows  that  this  play  was  "^  ^7^  "  ^  ^^^  *^ow  upon  good  evi* 
not  acted  from  1620  to  1701;  and  ^^^^>  QOt  only  that  there  must  have 
seems  to  have  been  entirely  neglected.  ^^^'^  great  omissions,  but  in  what  way 
In  fact,  in  its  original  form,  it  was  'o^'®  o' these  omissions  are  to  be  sup- 
not  acted  from  1620,  when  Burbage  pli^*''  He  then  advances  two  posi- 
died.  to  1741,  when  Macklin  revived  tions;  first.  That  Pericles  was  perform- 
it.  Mr.  Collier  has  brought  additional  ^.^^  great  success.  Secondly,  That 
evidence  to  bear,  to  show  that  it  was  ^^  perrormance  took  place  early  in 
forgotten.  1608,  when  the  paUicatioa  of  tba 

Secondly.  Mr.  Collier  has  given  pl^^f  was  contemplated.  He  then  pro- 
some  interesting  passages  from  a  verv  ^^^^  *  jn'Me  novel  fmmitd  tipm 
hcarce  Italian  Comedy,  called  "  Gr  Skaketpeart't  Periein,  in  conseqotnee 
Inganni,"  1547,  printed  in  1582,  probaWy  of  its  popularity ;  and  says, 
which  was  said  in  the  Barrister's  "  '^'^  ^  ^^®  only  inttance  that  am 
Diary  to  resemble  the  Twelfth  7*^  ^^^  diMcootrtd  qf  a  aoeel  pro- 
Night,  and  which  assertion  proves  to  /«**^  ^oi^  fr^m  m  M  pk^.  Ifc 
be  correct.  Mr.  Collier  does  not  de-  >*  <^^'  "The  PkinfuU  Adventnras  of 
cidc  as  to  whether  Shakespeare  was  P^f^lcs,  Prince  of  Tyre.  Being  tfao 
indebted  to  a  translation  or  the  orfgi-  ^">*  hbtorv  of  the  Plav  of  Pericles,  ts 
nal,  but  thinks  it  not  improbable  that  ^^  ^^  ^^f  pr«Miited  hy  the  worthy 
he  understood  enough  Italian  for  hb  ^^  ancient  poet  John  Gower.  1606.*^ 
purpose.  He  justly  says,  "  our  great  '^^  immediate  source  to  which  ShiJw- 
poet  has  elevated  the  whole  subject  in  ^p^fi^J^^soi^  was,  probably,  Laurence 
character,  language,  and  sentiment.  Twine's  version  of  the  novel  of  Apcd- 
and  has  converted  what  may  be  termed  ^^^^^  King  of  Tyre,  1576.  Then  is 
a  low  comedy  into  a  higii  drama."  ^P^7  ^^^  ^^7  of  thw  curious  prodoc- 
He  also  observes,  "  it  is  obvious  that  ^^^  known,  which  is  certainly  bor- 
the  obligations  of  Shakeepeare  for  the  ^^^  ^^m  the  play,  and  a  comparison 
plot  of  his  comedy  were  not  very  ^^^  ^^o  leads  to  some  curious  obser- 
great ;  and  that  he  owed  little  or  ^^|oos,  and  to  several  valuable  resto- 
nothing  to  the  dialogue."  rations  of  the  text,  for  which,  however. 

Thirdly.    He  illustrates  the  source  7^  ^^^  ^^'  our  readers  to  the  book 

whence  Shakespeare  derived  the  plot  of  >t*^^- 

his  Cymbeline,  which  Mr.  Malone  re-  ^^^^^f»  Mr.  Collier  gives  oa  a  very 

ferred  to  a  tract,  called  "  Westward  l>«i^otiful  ballad  on  the  suMect  of  the 

for  SmelU."    In  the  Th^tre  Franfais  Tempest,  of  which  the  author  is  not 

au  Moyen  Age,  Paris,  1829,  published  ^^omu ;  but  which  Is  certainly,  for 

by  Messrs.  Monmerqo^  and  Michel,  is  ^^  *^y^*»  °^nch   posterior  to  Shake^ 

A  piece  called  "  Un  Miracle  de  Nostre*  •P««re^i  pUty.    Mr.  Collier  thinks  it 

Grnt.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII.  2  N 


274  Rrview. — Collier*8  Farther  Particulars  regarding  Shakeipeore.  (March, 


was  written  about  the  time  of  the  Pro- 
tectorate. It  appears  from  a  passage 
in  Mr.  Collier's  book  (p.  63)  that  a 
MS.  diary  of  a  Chaplain  to  the  Con- 
sulate of  the  Barbary  States  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  the  Second,  led  to  the 
belief  that  the  Enchanted  Island  of  the 
Tempest  was  Lampedusa. 

Having  thus  given  a  brief  and,  we 
are  afraid,  unworthy  summary  of  the 
contents  of  this  little  volume,  we  pro- 
ceed to  make  an  observation  or  two  on 
a  few  passages  in  the  old  drama,  that 
have  passed  under  our  notice  within 
the  last  few  days  in  the  course  of  our 
reading. 

P.  47-  Mr.  Collier  has  this  passage, 

**  In  act  iii.  sc.  2,  ocean  a  passage  put 
in  the  mouth  of  Cerimon,  which  always 
stmck  me  as  cormpt ;  it  runs  thus, 

•* 1  have  heard 

Of  an  Egyptian,  had  nine  hoars  lien  dead, 
By  good  appliance  was  recovered." 

Why  an  Egyptian  ?  why  should  an  Egyp. 
tian  be  recovered  more  easily  than  a  native 
of  any  other  country  ?  The  novel  makes 
it  clear  that  the  sense  of  Shakespeare  has 
not  been  given  in  the  printed  play,  for  in 
the  novel  Cerimon  says,  '  I  have  read  of 
some  Egyptians  who,  after  four  houres 
death,  (if  I  may  call  it  so)  have  raised 
impoverished  bodies  like  to  this  unto  their 
former  health.* '' 

But,  in  truth,  there  is  no  such  great 
difference  in  the  passages  as  to  lead  to 
an  inference  of  incorrectness  in  the 
play.  If  Egyptians  raised  a  body  after 
death,  whose  body  so  likely  as  an 
Egyptian's ;  the  miracles  of  the  Egyp- 
tian magicians  being  from  the  earliest 
times  to  the  present  day  (ex.  gr.  at 
Cairo)  exhibited  in  their  own  country. 
This  answers  Mr.  Collier's  qusre 
"Why  an  Egyptian?"  i.  e.  because 
the  Egyptian,  and  he  alone,  died  in  a 
country  where  such  magical  arts  were 
supposed  to  be  exercised ;  also  the 
image  in  the  play  is  more  poetical  than 
that  in  the  novel,  and  on  that  account 
ought  not  to  be  altered.  We  also  doubt 
whether  "imperished"  should  be  sub- 
stituted for  "  impoverished."  (p.  48.) 

Mr.  Collier  gives  several  proverbial 
sayings  from  the  ParoemiologiaAnglo- 
latina,  1639,  and  phrases  similar  to 
some  in  Shakespeare ;  but  there  is  one, 
where  Hamlet  is  named,  which  is  not 
very  intelligible.    It  is  this, 

<<  A  trout,  Hamlet,  with  four  legs.**  p.  68. 


With  regard  to  the  introdnctioii  of  tbe 
word  "  Hamlet,"  or  the  caose  of  its 
insertion    in    this    place,    conjecture 
would  probably  be  vain;    bot  as   to 
the  saying  itself,'    we  think  that  it 
means  to  designate  something  contra- 
dictory or  absurd ;  and  that  trout  is  a 
misprint  for  trewet,  as  if  a  qaestioB 
were  asked — "Did  yon   ever    see    a 
trewet  (i.  e.  a  three-legged  atool)  with 
four  legs  ? "  or  it  might  be  in    the 
manner  of  an  exclamation  at   some- 
thing ludicrously  extravagant  and  oat 
of  nature.    Could  it  be  a  saying  pre- 
served from  the  older  Hamlet? 

We  take  this  opportonity,  being  at 
once  on  the  subject  of  Shakespeare  and 
of  passages  relating  to  his  works,  or 
in  them,  wanting  emendation,  of  re- 
ferring to  the  second  Tolame  of 
Mr.  Coleridge's  "  Literary  •Remains,'* 
Where  the  notes  of  that  very  eminent 
person  are  to  be  found  on  many  of  the 
plays,  on  which  we  ventnre  a  lew  <^- 
senrations.  P.  1*22.  Merry  Wives  of 
Windsor.— Act  1.  Sc.  3  :— 

'*  FaUt. — ^Now  the  report  goes :  the 
has  all  the  will  of  her  husband's  parse ; 
she  hath  a  legion  of  angels. 

' '  Pift, — As  many  devils  entertain ;  sad 
to  her,  boy,  say  I." 

*"  Perhaps  it  is,"  says  Mr.  Coleridge— 

**  Ab  many  devils  enter  (or  enter*d) 
swine,  and  to  her,  boy,  say  I.'* 

That  this  conjecture  is  not  very  bappy 
all  will  allow,  and  it  appears  to  us  un- 
necessary.   We  would  read 

**  Falet. — She  hath  a  legion  of  angels. 
'*  Fitt, — Km  many  dedls. — Entertain, 
and  to  her,  boy,  say  I.'" 

P.  127. 


tf 


(( 


-Hath  nature  given  thee  eyes 


To  see  this  vaulted  arch,  and  tbe  ridi  crop 
Of  sea  and  land,  which  can  disttngoisli  *twiit 
The  fiery  orbs  above  and  tiie  twian'd  stqaea 
Upon  the  namber'd  beach.*' 

Mr.  Coleridge  would  read  "cope  "  for 
"  crop,"  which  we  do  not  think  appli* 
cable  to  sea  or  land  as  to  the  9kf,  as  it 
suggests  the  idea  of  an  arch  or  cover- 
ing. "The  twinn'd  stones,"  bethinks, 
may  be  a  catachresis  for  mnsdca, 
cockles,  and  other  shells  with  binges. 
The  numbered  beach  he  would  read  witb 
Farmer  "  umber'd."  We  cannot  ame 
either  to  the  explanation  of  tlie  Biat 
passage  or  the  emendattonof  tlieaa> 


1 840.]  Review. — Ck>lller')i  Farther  Part IcuUvrt  regarding  Shakespeare.  275 

Mr.  Coleridge  says,  "  Fletcher  was 
too  good  a  scholar  to  fall  into  to  gross 
a  blunder ; "  then  giving  his  emenda- 
tion he  adds,  "jealous  of  Virgil's  ho- 
nour, he  is  afraid  lest  by  referring  to 
the  Georgics  alone,  he  might  be  un- 
derstood as  underrating  the  preceding 
work ;  not  that  I  do  not  admire  the 
Bucolics  too  in  their  way."  Now  we 
must  differ  from  Mr.  Coleridge,  both 
as  to  his  emendation  and  explanation : 
his  emendation  (in  which  by  the  bye, 
the  substitution  of  or  for  and  seems 
unnecessary)  leaves  the  construction  of 
the  passage  very  awkwardly  arranged ; 
and  his  explanation  is,  perhaps,  too 
refined  : — ^What  do  we  propose  to  do  ? 
To  leave  the  passage  exactly  as  it  is 
in  the  old  text,  and  to  understand  by 
the  word  "herds,"  not  cattle,  but 
herdsmen,  or  rather  "  shepherds,"  as 
this  word  was  used  in  this  sense.  Hard 
for  sheep-herd,  and  herdeste  for  shep- 
herdesse.  "Yet  as  a  herdette  on  a 
summer's  day,"  &c.  To  cure  your 
shepherds  of  their  love  plaints,  and 
their  amorous  desires,  your  Bucolics  is 
a  master  piece. 

P.  301.  In  "  Wit  without  Money.  " 


cond.  The  force  of  "twinn'd"  we 
take  to  be  to  express  the  comparative 
insignificance  or  worthlessness  of  the 
stones  which  are  so  like  one  to  another 
as  not  to  be  distinguished,  and  the 
splendid  and  majestic  orbs  in  Heaven  : 
and  this,  if  correct,  suggests  what  is  the 
true  reading  of  the  next  line,  because 
the  same  thought  is  preserved. 

" -and  the  twinn*d  stones 

Upon  the  Miinuinber*d  beach." 

The  "  fiery  orbs  above  "  are  limited  in 
number,  and  may  be  counted  each  in 
"  his  separate  sphere."  The  twinn'd 
stones  all  resemble  each  other,  and 
they  cannot  be  numbered  on  the  beach, 
which  is  entirely  composed  of  them  in 
countless  multitudes,  and  of  a  similar 
form.  If  "number'd"  is  to  be  pre- 
served, it  must  be  in  the  sense  of 
"  numerous,"  as  Virg.  Buc.  vii.  51. 

"Hie  tantum  Borev  coramoa  flrigora,  quantum 
Aut  Muwterum  lupus,  ant  torrentia    flnmina 
ripas/' 

P.  174.     Richard  II. 

*' my  inward  soul 

With  nothing  trembles,  mi  aomething  U  frieves 
More  than  with  partini^   from  my  lord  the 

King." 

We  presume  it   should  be  read — *'  it 

at  something  grieves." 

V  256.  Othello. 

Mr.  Coleridge  says—"  I  think  Tyr- 
whitt's  reading  of  '  Life*  for  '  Wife,' 

A  fellow  almost  damn'd  in  a  Ikir  wills, 

the  true  one,  as  fitting  for  lago's  con- 
tempt for  whatever  did  not  display 
power."  &c.  We  think  this  altera- 
tion would  produce  a  degree  of  flatness 
and  want  of  spirit  in  the  passage,  and 
would  hardly  compensate  for  it,  by 
any  additional  clearness  it  would  give. 
We  would  interpret  "Wife"  as 
"  Woman,"  a  sense  it  is  often  used  in; 
and  we  think  no  further  interpretation 
is  wanted. 

P.  299.  The  Elder  Brother. 

— «  For  what  concoma  tiUace  ? 
Who  better  can  delirer  it  than  V&fll 
In  his  G«oripcs,  or  to  cure  your  herds 
(His  Bucolics  are  a  Masterpiece.)'* 

This  is  Mr.  Coleridge's  correction 
of  the  text  as  it  stood  in  the  edition  of 
Syropeon  and  Coleman,  thus  : — 

— *'  For  what  concema  tilUure : 
Who  liettcr  can  deliver  it  than  Vlrfil 
In  bin  U«orficks7  and  to  cure  your  herds, 
Uin  BttcoliclLs  is  a  maater-piece.*' 


'*With  one   man    satisfied,  with   one  rein 

guided. 
With  one  fUth,  one  content,  one  bed  ; 
Aged,  ahe  makes  the  wifle,  preserves  the  flune 

and  issue, 

A  widow  is,  ice. 


ft 


Mr.  Coleridge  says,  is  "  afraid  "  con- 
tented— too  old  for  Beaumont  and  Flet- 
cher ;  if  not,  we  might  read  thus — 

'*  Content  with  one  Adth,  with  one  bed  ^/)rmktt 
She  makes  the  wife,  preserves  the  fluae  sad 
issue." 

or  it  may  be— 

"with  one  breed  afraid." 

that  is,  satisfied  with  one  set  of  chil- 
dren in  opposition  to  "  a  widow  is  a 
Christmas  box."  We  do  not  consider 
that  this  conjecture  will  find  many 
approvers :  in  fact,  it  is  totally  oa- 
neccssarv,  as  the  insertion  of  a  9maU 
Utter  will  set  the  sense  and  metre  right* 

**  With  one  man  satisfied,  with  one  rein  fuidsd| 
With  one  teith,  one  content,  one  bed  ayrsMly 
She  makes  the  wife,'*  kc. 

We  now  leave  this  interesting  subject^ 
thanking  Mr.  Collier  for  the  great  plea- 
sure and  instruction  which  his  curious 
researches  have  afforded  us. 


276 


Review. — Weaver's  Monumenta  /Intiqua. 


[Mareb,' 


Monumenta  Antiqua;  or,  the  Stone 
Monuments' of  Antiquity  yet  remain- 
ing in  the  British  Isles,  particularly 
as  illustrated  by  Scripture ;  also  a 
dissertation  on  Stonehenge,  together 
with  a  compendious  account  of  the 
Druids ;  to  which  are  added,  conjec- 
tures on  the  origin  and  design  of  the 
Pyramids  of  Egypt  and  of  the  Round 
Thwers  of  Ireland.  By  R.  Weaver, 
Author  of  "Scnpture  Fulfilled," 
"  The  Pagan  Altar,"  and  "  Jehovah's 
Temple.*'    Duod.  pp.  198. 

WE  perfectly  agree  in  opinion  with 
the  author  of  the  pleasing  Essay  before 
us,  that  the  stone  pillars  and  altars 
which  were  set  up  by  the  inhabitants 
of  various  countries  of  the  earth  in  the 
primitive  ages,  had  their  origin  in 
those  memorials  which  are  recorded 
in  Holy  Writ  to  have  been  erected 
either  in  honour  of  the  true  God,  or 
to  record  some  remarkable  dispensa- 
tion  to  his  chosen  people.  On  this 
head  wfe  have  made  some  observations 
in  describing  a  cromlech  in  the  notices 
of  Laugharne,  in  Caermarthenshire. 
(See  Gent.  Mag.  for  December  1839, 
p.  598.)     Mr.  Weaver  remarks  that 

**  When  the  covenant  between  God  and 
Israel  was  about  to  be  ratitied  at  the  foot 
of  Mount  Sinai,  Moses  not  only  built 
an  altar,  but  he  erected  twelve  pillars  of 
stone,  according  to  the  number  of  the 
twelve  tribes  of  Israel,  and  that  there  the 
solemnities  of  the  ratification  were  per- 
formed. This  is  the  first  record  we  have 
in  any  history  of  a  number  of  stones  being 
thus  used  for  sacred  purposes.  We  are  not, 
indeed,  told  that  they  were  placed  in  a 
circular  form,  but  most  probably  they 
were.  This  was  about  three  hundred 
years  after  Jacob's  pillar  had  been  erected 
to  mark  the  place  of  assembly  for  worship, 
and  about  ^fteen  hundred  years  before 
Christ.  Shortly  after  this,  about  forty 
years,  we  find  twelve  stones  pitched  in 
Gilgtd,  which,  though  they  were  imme- 
diately designed  as  a  memorial  of  Israel's 
passing  through  Jordan,  yet  the  spot 
seems  at  least  to  have  been  a  place  of 
general  assembly;  and  since  here  the 
people  offered  sacrifices  at  the  appointment 
of  Saul  to  be  King,  and  it  afterwards  was 
the  place  where  Saul  offered  hb  burnt  of- 
fering and  peace  offering,  we  inay  fairly 

infer  that  it  was  a  place  of  worship 

As  to  Gilgal,  we  may  remark,  moreover, 
tiiat  the  word  h^hy  Galgal,  or  Gilgal, 
signifies  a  circle ;  it  is,  therefore,  not  im- 
probable that  it  derived  its  name  from  the 
stones  placed  there  in  a  circular  form. 
Let  the  scriptures,  therefore,  have 


their  due  honour,  as  the  most  anoieiit 
interesting  record  of  antiquity,  fbr  wbe* 
ther  the  traveller  meet  wiUi  Uie  conuiMn 
altar,  or  the  cromlech,  or  the  cam  altar, 
or  the  pillar,  or  the  circle  of  pillars,  he 
may  account  for  them,  or  at  least  have 
great  light  thrown  upon  them,  bj  a  re- 
ference to  that  sacred  record."  (p*  40.) 

The  author  passes  on  to  the  notice 
of  pillars  and  stones  erected  as  bound- 
aries, as  monuments  for  the  dead, 
and  for  the  memory  of  remarkable 
achievements  and  transactions.  He 
cites  the  well-known  practice,  io  this 
respect,  of  the  Jews,  the  Greeks,  aod 
the  Celtic  nations.  A  stone  was  raised 
over  the  grave  of  Achilles  aod  Patro- 
clus,  which  Alexander  the  Great  anoint- 
ed with  oil.  The  stelae  of  the  Egyp- 
tians seem  to  be  a  refinement  on  the 
practice,  for  they  approximate  to  the 
tablet-like  memorials  which  are  erect- 
ed in  our  churchyards  for  the  dead. 
Cairns  or  heaps  of  stones,  and  bar- 
rows or  tumuli  are  next  pointed  oat 
as  erected  for  way  marks,  for  boood- 
aries  for  marking  the  dead  with  in- 
famy, or  commemorating  them  with 
honour. 

**  Toland  speaks  of  the  custom  of  the 
Irish  to  erect  rude  and  small  pyramids 
of  stones  '  along  the  road,'  which  heaps 
are  called,  he  says,  Leachda,  and  are 
made  of  the  first  stones  that  offer.  He 
indeed  considers  them  as  monuments  of 
the  dead,  but  being  made  along  the  roads, 
it  seems  more  probable  that  they  were 
intended  as  way  marks.  If  so,  Scriptore 
again  concurs,  and  comes  in  with  its 
claim  for  notice  as  to  the  antiquity  of  its 
records,  because  700  years  before  Christ 
you  have  an  allusion  to  the  custom  c^ 
heaps  for  directories  to  the  traveller.  Set 
thee  up  high  heaps,  says  the  Ixird  to 
Israel,  by  Jeremiah,  for  the  purposes 
mentioned  before,  when  treating  of  the 
pillars,  '  even  that  thou  mightest  ftnd  tk^ 
way  back  to  thy  cities.'  And  450  years 
before  this,  we  have  mention  of  the  stooe 
'  Ezel,'  which  word  itself  signifies  a  waj 
mark." 

Admitting  that  moonds  of  stones 
and  earth  were  frequently  in  the 
early  ages  land  marks  and  points  for 
directing  the  traveller,  oar  nnthor 
seems  for  a  moment  to  forget  the 
practice  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans  to 
bury  the  dead  by  the  way  side. 

The  earliest  mode  of  interment  wis 
indeed  probably  like  that  of  the  Jms 
and  Egyptians,  in  sepulchres  hewn 
out   in  '  rocks ;    but   the   sepoldunl 


1840.] 


Review. — Weaver's  Monimenia  Antiqua. 


277 


mound  was  also  of  very  early  use, 
almost  universal  in  the  world,  and  is 
continued  down  to  our  present  day. 
Virgil  describes  one  of  these  heaps — 

— '*  Fuit  ingens  monte  sub  alto 
Regis  Dercenni  terreno  ex  aggere  bustum, 
Antiqui  LaurentisopacA  que  ilice  tectum.'*  • 

and  the  excavations  at  the  Bartlow 
Hills  detailed  by  Mr.  Gage  Rokewood, 
in  the  Archaeologia,  afford  excellent 
examples  of  monuments  of  the  tumu- 
lar  order,  and  those  probably  of  a  pe- 
riod of  the  Romano-British  times,  not 
later  than  Claudius  or  Vespasian. 

Our  author  does  not,  however,  for- 
get the  sepulchral  application  of  the 
barrow  ;  he  points  to  the  fact,  that 
between  "  Sardis  and  Thyatira  there 
are  an  immense  multitude  of  tumuli  or 
barrows  on  the  celebrated  plain  on 
which  Cyrus  overthrew  the  Empire  of 
Lydia."  and  never  losing  sight  of  the 
venerable  authority  of  Holy  Writ  he 
shews  that  barrows  are  mentioned 
in  the  book  of  Job,  or  at  least  informs 
us  that  places  designated  in  cer- 
tain passages  as  "  the  grave,"  may  be 
rendered  "  heap/*  f  a  matter  which 
we  refer  to  critics  in  the  Hebrew 
tongue. 

Our    author  proceeds   to   what  he 
terms  sacred  rocks.     Rocks  which  may 
be  considered  to  have  been  devoted  to 
idolatrous  purposes,  in   which  batinM 
have    been   excavated,   and    channeU 
formed  to  carry  off  libations  of  water, 
oil,  &c.     In  Mrs.  Bray's  Borders  of 
the    Tamar    and    Tavy,    which    Mr. 
Weaver  frequently  quotes,    examples 
are  cited  of    several  snch  consecrated 
crags,  illustrated  by  sketches  from  the 
original  relics,  by  the  Rev.  E.  Bray, 
her  husband.      Our  aathor  givts  the 
following  account  of  a  sacred  rock  on 
Stanton  Moor,  Derbyshire.     "  Its  cir- 
cumference we  suppose  to  be  about  10 
or  12  feet,  and  its  height  8.     On  the 
top  surface  there  was  a  cavity  or  hol- 
low place  8  inches  deep ;  there  were 
aUo   3  cut  channels,  to  let  off  some 
liquid,  together  with   a  small  round 
hole  at  the  E.  side  of  the  rock-stone 
very  near  the  top,"  p.  52.     Under  the 
head  of  Druid's  houses  and  hermitages, 
we  have  a  statement  which  we  confess 
we  are  obliged  to  receive  with  consider- 
able caution,  and  to  ask  whether  the 


Editor's  antiquarian  zeal  has  not  in 
this  instance  become  tinctured  with  a 
dash  of  credulity  ?  The  following  is 
detailed  as  a  fact — 


(i 


Not  very  far  from  the  road  that  leadv 
from  Rowsley  to  Bakewell,  in  the  wood  or 
plantation  beloaging  to  Mr.  Thomhill, 
there  is  a  collection  of  huge  rock-stones, 
confusedly  lying  together,  though  yet 
serving  for  retreat,  called  *■  Giant's 
Holt,  or  Hole  or  Hold/  and  on  the 
sloping  sides  of  two  of  these  stones  are  the 
following  inscriptions  engraved  in  Roman 
capitals,  designed  most  probably  as  one 
inscription : 


•  Virg.  iEneid,  lib.  xi.  v.  850. 

f  Job,chap.3l,v.3S.— chap.30,v.  24. 


**  RES  RVSTICA  QVEM  SINK  DVBITA- 
TIONB  PROXIMJI  QVASI  CONSANOUINBA 
8APIENTIJS  EST  TAM  DISCENTIBVS  EOBT 
QVAM  MINISTRIS. 

**  NIHIL  EST  HOM INE  LIBERO  niGNIVS 
ET  MIHI  An  SAPIENTI8  VITAM  PROXIMO 
VinETVR  ACCEOERE.** 

Hie  letters  are  run  together  in  Mr. 
Weaver's  transcript;  we  separate 
them  into  words. 

We  hesitate  to  follow  the  author 
in  his  conjectures  that  these  stones  ia 
the  Giant's  Hold,  were  inscribed  by 
the  Druid  pastors  of  some  of  the  said 
worthy  giants  resident  in  these  parts ; 
who  like  good  and  peaceable  reformed  . 
Anthropophagi,  alter  the  social  system 
of  that  day,  having  duly   registered 
their  babes,  sent  then  to  a  Druid's 
central  school  of  instruction,  for  the 
use  of  which  these  huge  lithographic 
primers  were  prepared !     In  short,  we 
verily  believe,   that  in  the  matter  of 
these  inscribed   rocks,  the  ingenious 
Editor    has    suffered    himself    most 
willingly    during  an  antiquarian  re- 
verie to  be  hoaxed ;  and  it  will  proba- 
bly be  in  the  power  of  some  of  oor 
classical  readers  to  point  to  the  very 
page  whence  these  rock- inscribed  re* 
flections    were    derived.      Moreover, 
we  would  observe,  if  the  Editor's  ac- 
count is    to  be  received,  that  these 
Druid  pedagogues  taught    very    bad 
Latin  ;  that  to  make  common  sense  in 
construing,    quem   in  the  first  rocky 
tablet  should  be  qu4t,  proxima:,  progi" 
ma;  in  the  second,   proximse  should 
surely    be  proximiits,'    Really,    these 
traps  should  not  be  set  in  the  desert 
for  the  unsuspecting  antiquary;   and 
as  a  caution,  we  apprise  our  readers 
that  the  worthy  vicar   of  Tavistock, 
whom  we    have  already  mentioned, 
many  years  since,  when  in  the  poetic 


1 840.] 


Rkview.— Latlibnry's  Gtty  Fawkes. 


281 


place  it  is  to  be  considered  as  a  book 
published  in  an  attractive  form,  at  a 
moderate  price,  evidently  designed  for 
extensive  circulation,  and  having  for 
its  object  to  arouse  the  people  against 
the  Roman  Catholics,  by  exhibiting 
the  Gunpowder  Treason  as  the  neces- 
sary result  of  the  principles  of  the 
Church  of  Rome — a  consequence  flow- 
ing out  of  tenets  entertained  and  in- 
culcated by  that  Church. 

We  shall  consider  these  points  sepa- 
rately, and  the  first  may  be  disposed 
of  in  a  few  words.  As  a  history  the 
book  is  of  little  value.  No  authorities 
are  ({uoted ;  its  biographical  sketches 
of  the  conspirators  are  crude  and  pre- 
judiced ;  its  narrative  is  neither  com- 
[)lete  as  to  facts  nor  effective  in  style ; 
its  arrangement  is  confused  and  defec- 
tive. In  no  respect  can  this  "com- 
plete History"  be  compared  with  the 
lucid  narrative  of  the  same  Treason, 
written  by  Mr.  Jardine,  and  published 
in  the  Library  of  Entertaining  Know- 
ledge in  1835.  There  have  been  few 
recent  instances  in  which  the  spirit  of 
historical  research  has  been  more 
effectively  exerted  than  in  that  book  of 
Mr.  Jardine'H.  It  is  founded  upon  the 
documents  connected  with  this  subject 
preserved  in  the  State  Paper  Office  and 
in  the  Baga  df  Secreiis,  upon  Green- 
way's  unpublished  narrative,  the  singu- 
lar  Tresham  papers  found  at  Rushton, 
and  Archbishop  Sancroft's  valuable 
transcripts  preserved  amongst  the 
Tanner  MSS.  in  the  Bodleian.  The 
information  scattered  in  these  various 
places,  together  with  that  previously 
published,  has  been  skilfully  condensed 
into  a  narrative  which  is  as  interesting 
as  a  romance,  and  not  less  conspicu- 
ous for  the  shrewdness  of  its  criticism 
than  for  the  moderate  and  gentlemanly 
tone  of  feeling  which  pervades  it.  If 
Mr.  Lathbury  was  ignorant  of  the  ex- 
istence of  Mr.  Jardine's  book,  that  cir- 
cumstanco  at  once  accounts  for  the 
imperfections  of  his  work  ;  if  the  con- 
trary, how  came  he  to  write  the  pas- 
sages we  began  by  quoting?  or  what 
justification  can  there  be  for  interfering 
with  the  still  unexhausted  demand  for 
a  book  which  is  confessedly  worthy  of 
public  patronage,  which  displays  un- 
doubted research,  and  the  price  of 
which  is  only  a  shilling  or  two  more 
than  Mr.  I^thbury's,  whilst  it  contains 
about  four  times  as  much  matter  ?  Are 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII. 


authors  like  wolves  that  they  may  thus 
prey  upon  one  another  ? 

But  the  other  point  is  one  of  in- 
finitely higher  moment  than  any  mere 
question  of  an  author's  ignorance  or 
disingenuousness — is  it,  or  is  it  not, 
true  that  the  Church  of  Rome  holds 
doctrines  which  go  to  the  justification 
of  the  Gunpowder  Treason?  Mr. 
Lathbury  contends  that  it  does,  and 
brings  forward  the  following  facts  in 
proof. 

*'  It  is  an  acknowledged  principle  of  the 
Church  of  Rome  that  the  decisions  of 
general  councils  are  bindingon  all. "  (p.  97 .) 

"  The  twenty- seventh  canon  of  the 
Third  Council  of  Lateran,  [convened  by 
Pope  Alexander  III.  A.D.  1179]  imposes 
a  curse  on  all  those  who  maintained  or 
favoured  the  Waldensian  opinions.  In 
the  event  of  dying  in  their  alleged  errors, 
they  were  not  even  to  receive  Christian 
burial."  (ibid.) 

"  The  fourth  Council  of  Lateran  was 
held  A.D.  1215.  One  of  its  canons,  the 
third,  is  even  more  horrible  than  the  pre- 
ceding.*' It  declares,  '*  We  exoommoni- 
cate  and  condemn  every  heresy  whidi 
exalteth  itself  against  this  holy  and  Catho- 
lic Faith.  Let  such  persons,  when  con- 
demned, be  left  to  the  secular  powers,  to 
be  punished  in  a  fitting  manner.  And 
let  the  secular  powers  be  admonished, 
and,  if  need  be,  compelled,  that  they  should 
set  forth  an  oath,  that  to  the  utmost  of 
their  power,  they  will  strive  to  exterminate 
all  heretics,  who  shall  be  denounced  by  the 
Church.  But  if  any  temporal  Lord  shall 
neglect  to  cleanse  his  country  of  this  here- 
tical filth,  let  him  be  bound  by  the  chain 
of  excommunication.  If  he  shall  seom  to 
make  satisfaction,  let  it  be  signified  to  the 
supreme  Pontiff  that  he  may  declare  his 
vassab  to  be  absolved  from  their  fidelity." 

"  The  Council  of  Constance,  A.D.  1415, 
decided  that  faith  was  not  to  be  kept  with 
heretics  to  the  prejudice  of  the  Church." 
Cp.  98.) 

These  are  well  known  facts,  and  they 
prove  the  Church  of  Rome  to  be  an 
intolerant,  persecuting  Church ;  they 
prove  that  the  fires  of  Smithfield  were 
no  momentary  ebullitions  of  transient 
bigotry,  but  the  results  of  settled  prin- 
ciples,  woven  into  the  very  constitu- 
tion of  the  Romish  Church — sins  from 
which  she  cannot  be  purged  until  the 
has  exhibited  at  least  that  first  token 
of  penitence,  the  repeal  of  the  perse- 
cuting statutes.  But  what  are  Mr. 
Lathbury's  conclusions  ? 

**  By  these  Councils  all  heretics  are  de- 

20 


282 


Revixw.— Lathbiiry*B  Guy  Fawka. 


[Mvd, 


TOted  to  destfttction.  TkeyproeMmprinm 
elples  exactly  HmUar  to  thote  on  wkieh  the 
cotupiratoTM  acted;  in  other  words,  the 
conspirators  acted  on  the  principles  pro- 
mulgated by  these  Connols  as  those  of 
the  Church  of  Rome."  (p.  98.) 

And  then,  after  alluding  to  the  Bull  In 
Coena  Domini  read  before  the  Pope  every 
Maunday  Thursdayi  and  by  which  Bull  aU 
Protestants  are  excommunicated,  he  adds, 
"  Such  are  the  principlea  of  the  RomUh 
Church  as  embodied  in  her  Councils  and 
her  canon  law.  Jfthey  are  truct  then  the 
Gunpowder  Contptraton  were  justified  in 
their  proceedings,  nay,  they  were  acting 
a  meritorious  part  in  the  prosecution  of 
that  design,''  (p.  101.) 

Now  what  does  this  amount  to  ?  The 
Romish  Church  says,  "  All  heretics, 
when  condemned,  shall  be  left  to  the  se- 
cular powers  to  be  punished,"  and  all 
'*  heretics  are  ipso  facto  excommuni- 
cated." Mr.  Lathbury  concludes, — 
therefore  they  may  be  assassinated,  trai- 
torously murdered,  blown  up  with  gun- 
powder !  We  will  not  ask  is  this  conclu- 
sion reasonable,  but,  can  it  be  honest  ? 

If  Mr.  Lathbury's  inference  were 
fairly  deducible  as  a  consequence  from 
the  doctrines  he  has  cited,  still  it  would 
not  be  right  to  impute  that  consequence 
to  the  Roman  Catholics,  who  are 
known  to  reject  it ;  but,  it  is  not  fairly 
deducible.  Common  sense  anticipates 
rules  of  logic,  and  rejects  it  the  instant 
it  is  proposed.  Tne  law  said  one 
thing,  the  conspirators  contemplated 
another.  The  law  designed  a  barba- 
rous but  an  open  judicial  punishment ; 
the  conspirators  meditated  a  concealed 
and  treacherous  act  of  murder.  Mr. 
Lathbury's  conclusion  cannot  be  de- 
fended except  we  are  also  prepared  to 
defend  the  following : — Because  our 
law  says  of  him  who  wilfully,  and  by 
premeditation,  sheds  man's  blood,  that 
by  man  shall  his  blood  be  shed ; 
therefore,  it  would  have  been  meritori- 
ous  in  any  one  to  have  killed  Thurtell, 
before  trial,  and  without  the  interven. 
tlon  of  judge  or  jury. 

We  grieve  in  our  very  hearts  when 
we  meet  with  such  injudicious  and 
reprehensible  publications  as  this.  We 
need  not  make  professions  of  attach- 
ment to  the  Church  of  England ;  our 
consistent  defence  of  its  rights  and 
privileges  at  all  times  and  seasons, 
"  through  good  report  and  evil  report," 
in  times  of  laxity  and  in  times  of  fa- 


naticism, when  chnrcht  auliiority 
sought  to  be  raised  beyond  the 
of  scripture,  and  when  the  very  nofcUm 
of  the  true  nature  of  the  Church  wat 
almost  overwhelmed  in  the  flood  of 
indifference  and  dissent— oar  condocfc 
in  these,  and  all  other  seasons  of  diffi- 
culty and  peril,  bears  witness  for  ns. 
We  look  upon  our  Churchy  bailt  opoA 
the  rock  of  an  apostolical  confession  of 
faith,  and  watered  by  the  blood  of  the 
martyrs,  as  the  best  gift  which  Provi- 
dence has  bestowed  upon  ns,  the 
source  of  all  our  other  blessings^  the 
richest  treasure  committed  to  oar  cmre, 
and,  as  such,  we  would  defend  it  with 
all  the  weapons  which  a  Christian  mwj 
use.  Its  defence  is  the  noblest  cnnae 
in  which  a  man  can  be  engaged,  and 
it  should  call  forth  his  best  energies 
and  highest  powers;  learning,  elo- 
quence, ratiocination,  every  good  gift 
should  be  set  apart  and  consecratedts 
this  holy  use ;  but  never  let  it  be  said 
that  the  defence  of  such  a  cause  was 
deformed  by  anything  that  wore  even 
the  appearance  of  exaggeration  or  un- 
truth. We  think  as  badly  of  the 
Church  of  Rome  as  Mr.  Lathbarj 
can.  We  know  that  her  leading  tenets 
are  unscriptural ;  we  protest  againet 
her  claim  to  infallibility ;  *  her  ad- 
mixture of  human  merits  in  the  work 
of  justification ;  her  deeds  of  supere- 
rogation ;  her  reception  of  traditions 
and  of  the  Apocrypha  in  proof  of 
doctrines  which  contradict  the  canoni- 
cal scriptures ;  her  tenet  of  the  trans- 
substantiation  of  the  sacramental  ele- 
ments ;  her  alleged  sacrifice  of  Uie 
mass ;  her  multiplication  of  mediators. 
and  invocation  of  angels,  of  the  Blessed 
Virgin,  and  of  saints  i  her  denial  of  the 
cup  to  the  laity ;  her  doctrine  of  in- 
dulgences and  of  purgatory ;  her  dis- 
tinction between  venial  and  mortal 
sins ;  her  shutting  up  the  Bible  from 
the  people ;  her  prayers  in  an  unknown 
tongue;  her  restraint  of  marriage; 
her  superstitious  fables  and  feigned 
miracles  invented  for  purposes  of  da- 


*  Vide  a  Sermon  entitled  *• 
ism  and  Popery/*  in  Melvill's 
vol.  II.  Lond.  1838,  one  of  the 
maries  of  the  distinctions 
two  *'  modes  of  fedth  *'  which  hss 
in  our  days.  The  volume 
Gent.  Mag.  XII.  p.  368. 


between  thi 


1 840.]  REViEW.-^Laurie's  Proceedings^  SfC,  at  Bethtem  HosfHal,       283 


ccption ;    against  all   these   doctrines 
and  practices  we  protest,  and  we  would 
that  every  hill  and  valley  should  re- 
sound with  the  testimony  of  the  Holy 
iicripture    and    right    reason    against 
them.     That  is  the  mode  of  defence 
which  the  servant  of  Christ    should 
adapt  against  the  invidious  aggressions 
and  dangerous  deceits  of  this  crafty 
enemy,  and  in  that  defence  none  will 
join  more  heartily  than  ourselves.  God 
only   knows  whether  any    resistance 
can  now  be  successful.     The  aspect  of 
the  times  is  discouraging,  the  combi- 
nation against  the  Church,  as  an  Estab- 
lishment, increases  both  in  power  and 
in  numbers  :  but  let  no  one  despair  ;  it 
is  not  for  us  to  judge  of  the  times  and 
the  seasons.     Let  each  man  in  his  own 
person   and    his    proper  sphere  give 
proof  of  the  efficacy  of  the  doctrines 
and  ordinances  of  our  Church  ;  let  no 
one  borrow  weapons  from  the  armoury 
of  craft  and  deception :  but  bear    in 
mind  that  the  downfal  of  the  Estab- 
lishment,   if  it  should  ever  come,  will 
not  be  the  destruction  of  the  Church. 
She  will  still  retain  her  hold  upon  our 
allegiance,    which    is    a  tie   that  no 
human  legislature  can  sever ;  she  will 
still   remain  the    dispenser    of  those 
sacramental   ordinances  which   alone 
can  give  life  to  the  soul ;   and,  under 
all  circumstances,  and  in  every  situ- 
ation,   she  will  never  cease  to  teach 
her  children  not  merely  to  avoid,  but 
t«)  abhor,  everything  "  that  loveth  and 
makcth  a  lie." 


A  Narrative  of  th^  pror^ings  ai  the 
laying  0/  the  first  atone  of  the  New 
liuHiiinya  at  Bethlem  Hofpital,  on 
Viurtday,  the  26fh  day  of  July, 
1H3S;  irt/A  historical  notew  and  it- 
lustrations,  and  official  documents. 
By  Peter  Laurie,  Ksq.  LL.H.  one  of 
the  Ciovsmors,    (Privately  Printed.) 

THE  increased  demand  upon  the 
resources  of  Hcthlem  Hospital  (it  ap- 
pears), had  for  some  time  induced  the 
(iovernors  to  turn  their  attention  to 
the  expediency  and  practicability  of 
enlarging  the  present  building,  when- 
ever the  state  of  their  funds  should 
enable  them  to  do  so.  The  resvlt  has 
been  the  erection  of  additional  build- 
ings to  the  present  hospital,  for  the 
accommodation  of  16()  patients,  above 
the  193  for  which  it  was  originally 


constructed.  The  first  stone  was  laid 
by  the  President,  Sir  Peter  Laurie; 
and  the  principal  part  of  this  pamphlet 
is  occupied  by  the  speeches,  and  other 
proceeaings,  on  the  occasion. 

The  historical  notes  appended  to 
the  speech  of  Sir  Pettr  Laurie  contain, 
among  other  matters,  an  account  of 
the  ancient  Priory  of  Bethlehem* 
founded  by  Simon  Fitz-Mary,  in  1247# 
at  Bishopsgate,  the  parent  of  the  pr«- 
sent  excellent  establishment.  Thia 
note  contains  a  curious  notice  of  the 
singular  armorial  bearings  of  this 
hospital. 

"  These  arms/'  it  is  said,  *'  are  uiually 
blazoned  Argent,  two  bars  s^le,  m  fits  if 
five  pcmts  giUes,  on  a  chief  axwrt  on  c/oiAl 
of  sixteen  rays  or,  charged  with  a  ptai9p 
thereon  a  cross  of  the  third,  between  a 
human  skull  placed  on  a  cup  on  the 
dexter  side,  and  a  basket  of  WasteU 
bread,  all  of  the  fifth,  on  the  sMeter* 
Bishop  Tanner  observes,  howerer,  that 
he  was  was  informed  by  John  Anstia, 
Garter  King  of  Arms,  that  the  ensigaa 
were  Argent,  two  ban  sable,  a  label  of 
three  points  gales,  on  a  chief  azure  a  comet 
with  ten  rays  or,  oppressed  with  a  torteau 
charged  with  a  plain  cross  of  the  field,  be- 
tween a  chalice  or,  with  an  hosty  of  the 
first,  and  a  basket  of  the  same.  Widi 
respect  to  any  signification  to  be  assigned 
to  these  bearings,  there  is  probably  bo 
positive  information  extant ;  but,  suppos- 
ing them  to  be  really  ancient,  it  may  be 
observed  that  the  bars  and  file  in  tiie 
principal  part  of  the  shield  were  mott 
likely  the  arms  of  Simon  Fitz-Mary  ih^ 
founder,  which  would  account  for  their  itty 
prominent  situation.  The  etoile,  or  blazing 
star  on  the  blue  chief  evidently  refers  to 
the  star  seen  in  the  sky  at  the  birth  of 
Christ,  which  led  the  wise  men  to  Beth- 
lehem, and,  therefore,  properly  became  its 
peculiar  badge ;  whilst  the  cross  in  the 
centre  indicates  the  crucifixion  of  tibe 
Saviour  for  all  mankind.  The  basket  of 
bread  has  possibly  also  an  allusion  to 
Bethlehem,  since  the  best  translation  of 
that  word  is  considered  to  be  "  the  house 
of  bread,**  as  implying  a  fertile  soil  in  the 
production  of  barley  and  wheat,  noticed 
in  the  book  of  Ruth,  chapter  3 ;  but  as 
wastcU  cakes  were  anciently  especiaUy 
used  in  Christian  ceremonies  and  festiTals, 
they  might  be  designed  as  the  Englidi 
emblem  of  the  birthplace  of  the  Lord. 
Perhaps  no  satisfactory  signification  can 
be  assigned  to  the  present  bearing  of  a 
cup  containing  a  skull ;  but  if  the  blasoii 
of  these  arms  given  hr  Anstis  to  Bishop 
Tanner  be  aocqited,  the  chalioe  surmouaU 


284        Review.— Crefly's  Practical  Treatise  on  Bridge  Building.  [March, 


ed  by  the  consecrated  wafer  will  then  be 
intended  for  the  usual  ecclesiastical  figure 
of  the  sacrament;  and  perhaps  also  ex- 
presses that  the  Saviour  bom  at  Bethle- 
hem, the  house  of  bread,  was  '  the  living 
bread  which  came  down  from  Heaven.' 
Upon  the  same  principle  of  interpretation, 
however,  if  the  star  be  regarded  as  indi- 
cating Christ  and  his  passion,  the  cup 
with  the  skull  might  be  meant  to  desig- 
nate the  *  death  which  he  tasted  for  every 
man '  in  the  cup  of  his  own  sufferings  at 
Gethsemane  and  at  Golgotha,  *  the  place 
of  a  skull.'  Another  armorial  ensign 
assigned  to  the  ancient  hospital  of  Beth- 
lehem is  Azure,  an  etoile  of  eight  points  or, 
and  the  connection  between  this  founda- 
tion and  that  of  Bridewell,  which  is  under 
the  same  Governor,  is  indicated  by  the 
latter  bearing  the  star  of  Bethlehem  on  a 
chief  azure,  between  two  fleurs-de-lis." 

A  MS.  io  the  British  Museum  of 
"  Heraldic  Collections,  by  Ferrers, 
Strangman,  &c."  Lansdowne  MS. 
S60  A,  contains  a  tricking  of  the  arms 
of  "the  house  of  Bedlam,  near  Lon- 
don/' agreeing  with  those  given  on  the 
authority  of  Anstis,  which  no  doubt 
were  the  original  arms  ;  the  skull  was 
probably  substituted  for  the  sacra- 
ment at  the  dissolution,  as  the  bearing 
of  the  host  in  the  ciborium  would  at 
that  time  have  been  deemed  supersti- 
tious. 

The  work  is  illustrated  with  a  view 
of  the  old  hospital,  after  the  print  in 
Maitland's  London,  and  a  plan  and 
elevation  of  the  present  building, 
showing  the  alterations  made  by  Mr. 
Sydney  Smirke.  The  present  hospital, 
which,  it  appears,  was  designed  by 
Mr.  Lewis,  is  perhaps  the  most  un- 
sightly building  in  London.  The  al- 
terations effected  by  Mr.  Smirke, 
though  in  the  same  style  of  architec- 
ture, have  somewhat  improved  the 
original  structure. 

A  practical  Treatise  on  Bridge  Build- 
ing, and  on  the  equilibrium  of  vaults 
and  arches,  JBy  Edward  Cresy, -r-frc/t. 
C.E.  andKS.A. 

THE  portion  of  the  work  now  be- 
fore us  consists  of  plates  only.  It 
comprises  seven  engravings  of  eleva- 
tions and  sections  of  London  bridge, 
erected  by  Sir  John  Renaie.  The  size 
and  boldness  of  the  engravings  are  al- 
most sufficient  to  carry  to  a  scientific 
eye  a  sufficient  conception  of  the 
structure,  w^ithouttheaid  of  a  descrip- 


tion. The  elevation  of  the  centering 
in  London  bridge  forms  a  very  inte- 
resting subject.  The  bridges  over  the 
Earn  in  Scotland,  and  at  Stoneleigh, 
Warwickshire,  built  by  Mr.  Rennie ; 
a  Railway  bridge  over  the  Lea  in 
Essex,  by  Mr.  Braithwaite;  the 
bridge  of  St.  Maxence  in  France*  by 
Perronet ;  a  skew  arch  over  a  street  in 
Birmingham,  by  Mr.  Buck;  and  the 
new  Bow  bridge,  by  Mr.  Walker ;  are 
equally  ably  illustrated. 

We  are  pleased  to  see  that  Mr. 
Cresy  does  not  pass  over  the  ancient 
buildings  of  this  country,  which*  for 
science  and  construction,  will  not 
yield  the  palm  to  any  modern  work. 
Wells  Cathedral,  with  its  matchless 
Chapter  House,  and  Bath  Abbey*  are 
displayed  in  sections.  In  one  very  es- 
sential particular,  the  architects  of  an- 
cient times  shewed  a  vast  superiority 
of  genius  above  modern  designers ;  they 
succeeded  in  combining  with  the  ex- 
ertion of  the  utmost  powers  of  minds 
fully  imbued  with  science  a  taste  for 
picturesque  effect.  From  this  cause* 
what  a  beautiful  object  is  the  scientific 
roof  of  a  Gothic  cathedral,  when  com- 
pared with  the  naked  and  bald  designs 
of  the  modern  bridges.  This  will  be 
plainly  seen  by  a  reference  to  the  pre- 
sent work,  where  the  sections  of  the 
two  cathedrals  may  be  easily  con- 
trasted with  the  bridges  of  Rennie  and 
Perronet  ;  and  the  superiority  of  the 
ancient  architect  will  be  seen  in  the 
exquisite  combination  of  the  science 
of  the  engineer  with  the  taste  of  the 
artist.  Judging  from  what  appears 
to  be  only  a  small  portion  of  the  entire 
work,  we  can  safely  recommend  to 
our  scientific  readers  Mr.  Cresy's 
publication,  which  we  trust  will  re- 
ceive an  extended  patronage. 

A  comparative  View  of  Ancient  Hitlmy, 
embracing  a  sketch  of  ttie  cotUempo- 
rary  history  of  the  nations  of  tmii» 
quity.  To  which  are  added,  an 
explanation  of  Chronological  ^ras» 
and  a  review  of  the  different  ancieni 
and  modern  systems  of  compuiittg 
Time,  By  Joshua  Toulmin  Smith. 
12mo,  pp,  123. 

SO  many  volumes  of  history  are  in 
a  course  of  publication,  that  it  is  im- 
possible to  notice  them  all*  or  even  to 
bestow  much  attention  on  such  as  aie 
noticed.    That  criticism  should  ke^ 


1840.]  REviEW^^^SmitVs  Comparative  View  of  Ancient  History.        285 


pace  with  publication  in  so  prolific  an 
age  of  literature,  is  impossible ;  neither 
can  sufficient  time  be  allotted  to  every 
volume,  to  enter  into  all  its  details. 
To  give  a  critical  opinion  on  a  single 
bmail  book,  requires  not  only  some 
previous  acquaintance  with  the  sub- 
ject, but  a  regular  perusal  of  its  con- 
tents, an  inspection  of  its  statements, 
a  collation  of  its  authorities,  and  a 
reference  to  other  writers  who  have 
treated  the  same  topics,  to  say  nothing 
of  the  mental  excursions  which  natu- 
rally grow  out  of  the  examination. 
How  then  is  it  possible  that  all,  or 
indeed  many  volumes,  should  receive 
huch  close  attention  ?  In  most  cases 
a  bird's-eye  glance  must  suffice,  or  at 
best  a  rapid  perusal.  And  to  say  the 
truth,  the  majority  of  authors  and 
publishers  wish  for  no  more.  All 
they  desire  is  an  eulogistic  paragraph, 
^uch  as  may  be  advantageously  quoted 
in  the  next  advertisement,  and  if  this 
be  elicited,  it  matters  not  whether  the 
criticism  itself  be  superficial  or  pro- 
lound. 

The  book  now  under  consideration 
belongs  to  a  class  that  may  justly  be 
railed  cni'ic- ieazers,  because  they  are 
extremely  difficult  to  examine.  Nar- 
ratives may  be  compared  to  a  river, 
over  which  the  boat  glides  smoothly  ; 
but  works  which  arc  written  in  de- 
tached hciitences  may  be  compared  to 
shallows,  along  which  wc  must  push 
our  way  with  the  oars,  and  often  find 
ourselves  aground. 

The  author  has  a  double  object  in 
composing  this  work,  that  it  may 
serve  as  "  a  class-book  in  the  study  of 
history,"  and  also  as  "  an  assistant 
and  book  of  reference  in  general  pri- 
vate reading."  If  we  were  disposed 
to  dismiss  it  hastily,  wc  should  say 
that  it  was  too  concise  for  the  former 
object,  and  too  contracted  for  the 
latter.  In  our  opinion  (not  an  inex- 
perienced one)  it  is  not  from  books  of 
this  description  that  youth  should  be 
taught ;  for  young  minds  are  little  in- 
terested, except  by  narrative.  On  the 
other  hand,  a  view  of  ancient  history 
on  the  chronological  plan  should  be 
nearly  as  copious  as  Martin,  or  Leng- 
let-Dufresnoy.  But,  waiving  the  ques- 
tion of  copiousness.  La  Harpc  has 
Kivcn  an  opinion  on  works  of  this 
kind,  which  is  too  appropriate  to  be 
omitted.      "Such    abridgments     (he 


observes)  are  not  really  useful  till  one 
has  read  each  particular  history  in  the 
authors  who  have  treated  it  best,  a 
knowledge  of  whom  is  supposed  by 
these  rapid  summaries,  without  which 
one  can  only  draw  from  them  a  very 
superficial  instruction."*  On  this 
ground  Mr.  Smith's  production  most 
be  considered  as  an  advanced,  and 
not  as  an  elementary  book. 

The  work  proceeds  chronologically^ 
with  dates  and  running  titles  in  the 
margin,  and  the  events  of  different 
nations  are  given  as  synchronically 
as  possible,  so  that  the  reader  has  the 
contemporary  history  of  an  entire  cen- 
tury in  a  short  space.  We  would  ex- 
tract an  entire  century,  but  that  in  the 
later  ages,  when  only  the  work  can  be 
fairly  judged,  this  would  occupy  too 
much  room.  Nor  can  we  dwell,  at 
any  length,  on  single  passages,  as  it 
would  be  endless  to  do  so,  when  the 
turn  of  a  sentence  would  afford  ground 
for  a  long  discussion.  We  cannot  as- 
sent to  the  tradition,  "  that  buildingM, 
and  even  inscribed  pillars,"  remained 
afler  the  deluge  (p.  12.)  There  is  an 
awkwardness,  when  speaking  of  Sir 
John  Marsham,  in  telling  us  that  he 
was  "  one  of  the  six  clerks  in  chan- 
cery ;"  and  we  would  positively  recom- 
mend the  expunging  of  any  such  irre- 
levant matter,  which  is  only  excusable 
in  a  novice,  such  as  the  author  (who 
has  published  other  books)  would  not 
wish  to  be  thought.  Nor  is  it  neces- 
sary to  add  what  is  known  to  every- 
body, that  he  (Marsham)  was  "a 
most  learned  man."  The  author  is 
sceptical  as  to  the  accounts  of  Cecrops, 
Cadmus,  and  Pelops,  not  considering 
(perhaps)  that  fictions  are  often  over- 
charged truths.  Parkhurst  justly  ob- 
serves, that  Cadmus  seems  to  have  had 
his  appellation  from  Oip  Kedem  the 
east,  q.  d.  The  eastern,  W>  mast 
demur  to  the  assertion  that  Sarda- 
napalus  "  was  given  up.  only  to  the 
gratification  of  his  sensual  pleasures." 
He  may,  like  Holkar,  the  Mahratta 
chief,  have  sunk  from  military  acti- 
vity into  indolence  and  luxury,  bat 
there  is  ample  evidence  that  such  was 
not  always  his  character.  However^ 
if  the  author  here  adopts  too  implicitly 
the  popular  opinion,  he  makes  some 
amends  by  rejecting  it  in  the  case  of 

*  Hist.  lilt,  vol  in*  p.  147. 


286        R£yiEW.--"Smith's  Comparative  View  of  Ancient  HUiory.  [Mafehi 


Alexander  the  Great,  whose  alleged 
drunkenness  he  seemingly  treats  with 
contempt,  and  the  entire  sentence  de- 
serves to  be  copied. 

"  In  the  midst  of  his  victorious  pro- 
gress, and  when  the  most  arduous  por- 
tion of  his  task  had  been  accomplished ; 
when  that  which  remained  was  to  improve 
the  means  which  he  had  attained,  he  was 
seized  with  a  fever,  which  carried  him  off 
when  only  in  the  thirty-third  year  of  his 
age,— -eight  years  after  he  had  achieved  the 
conquest  of  Persia ;  leaving  behind  him  a 
name  celebrated  alike  in  the  annals  of  Ori- 
ental writers,  and  in  those  of  his  own 
country.**  p.  44. 

In  his  views  of  Roman  history  he 
adopts  the  received  account;  but  a 
manual  of  this  kind  is  not  the  place  to 
introduce  the  Niebuhrian  theories, 
which  are  rather  too  young  at  present 
to  be  transplanted  into  every  text  as 
established  facts.  "With  regard  to  the 
death  of  Hipparchus,  it  is  very  pro- 
perly stated  that  he  was  killed  in  a 
tumult,  originating  in  individual  jea- 
lousy, (p.  35.)  The  patriotic  objects 
of  Harmodius  and  Aristogiton  are, 
indeed,  imaginary,  but  they  have  re- 
ceived the  sanction  of  so  many  later 
writers  that  they  will  not  easily  be 
displaced  from  the  place  they  occupy 
in  the  minds  of  men. 

It  would  be  unfair  to  judge  a  writer 
rigorously  by  what  he  says  concerning 
doubtful  matters,  before  we  come  to 
firm  historical  ground.  There  it  is 
that  he  must  be  judged  most  strictly, 
and  there,  wc  must  candidly  say,  the 
author  appears  to  most  advantage.  As 
the  facts  are  common  and  trite,  it  is  the 
arrangement  and  expression  to  which 
we  must  chiefly  look.  Thus,  for  in- 
stance, (p.  39)  he  terms  the  Pelopon- 
nesian  war,  "  a  war  in  which  most  of 
the  states  of  Greece  joined,  and  which 
proved  disastrous  and  weakening  to 
them  all."  Again,  (p.  40)  he  says, 
"  the  interference  of  a  foreign  power 
was  from  this  time  felt,  and  the  gold  of 
Persia  gave  her  an  influence  in  divided 
Greece,  which  her  arms  had  in  vain 
striven  to  attain  over  united  Greece." 
It  can  scarcely  be  said  that  Philip  of 
Maccdon  brought  the  sacied  wars  to 
a  close  in  the  battle  of  Checronea; 
still  the  expression  may  be  vindicated, 
in  some  sense,  as  that  battle  grew  out 
of  the  last  of  the  sacred  wars  ;  but  wc 


would  advise  the  author  to  modify  it. 
He  has  not,  we  think,  done  justice  to 
the  character  of  Philip,  hot  has  taken 
it  too  readily  from  his  enemies.     Tlie 
defeat  of  the  Gauls  by  Camillos  (p.  46) 
is  not  warranted  by  Polybius*  who  is 
the  best  authority  in  this  case.     He 
justly  calls  the  last  Philip  of  Maeedon 
(p.  47)  "  a  monarch  of  great  energy/* 
for  in  fact  he  has  generally  been  under- 
rated, and  almost  the  only  exceptions 
are  our  author  and  Dr.  Gast.     "  The 
Achaean  league  (he  well  observes)  was 
able  to  do  little  more  than  manifest 
how  great  the  power  of  Greece  might 
have  been,  if  there  had  been  continued 
union,   instead  of  dissention,  between 
the  Grecian  states."  (p.  48.)     Recha- 
racterises Egypt  exactly  (p.  62) :  "We 
find  Egypt  still  sinking,  and,  like  most 
other  states,  experiencing  the  inter- 
ference of  the  Roman  power."     His 
parallel  of  the  Pharisees  and  the  Sad- 
ducees    with  the  Romanists  and  the 
Protestants,  the  former  as  maintaining 
the  equal  authority  of  tradition  with 
Scripture,  and  the  latter  as  maintain- 
ing that  the  truth  was  in  Scripture 
only,  is  ingenious  ;  but,  if  it  1)e  drawn 
out  very  far,  it  will  break.   Protestants 
certainly  will  not  thank  him  for  com- 
paring  them  to  a  sect,  who  denied  the 
resurrection  and  the  spiritual  world. 
He  says  aptly  (p.  53)  that  "  A  contest 
took  place  between  the  members  of  the 
Achaean  league  and  Rome,  in  the  issue 
of  which  the  existence  of  the  Grecian 
name  was  fatally  involved."    His  po- 
litical observations  relate  solely  to  an- 
cient history,  and  this  ought  to  have 
been  pointed  out.     The  evils  which  he 
attributes  to  monarchies  existed  in  a 
greater  degree  in  republics.     The  in- 
valuable discoveries  of  modern  times 
have  changed  the  aspect  of  politics,  and 
combined  the  excellences  of  the  several 
forms  of  government.     Thus,  in  our 
monarchy,  we  enjoy  the  stability  pe- 
culiar to   that  state ;    in   responsible 
ministers  we  have  an  executive  aris- 
tocracy ;  while  in  an  elected  represen- 
tation, the  democratical  principle  is  ad- 
mitted to  the  fullest  share  of  govern- 
ment, which  it  is  capable  of  exercising. 
The  comparative  chronological  tables 
will  be  found  useful.    An  explanation 
of  the  several  chronological  eras  is 
given,   which  is    servic^le  for  the 
various  modes  of  computing  time  m 


1840.] 


ReVikw.-^ Wake's  Sauthwold. 


287 


ancient  and  modern  history.*  The 
volume  ends  with  some  questions,  ap- 
parently intended  for  youthful  readers, 
but  which  will  be  serviceable,  as  exer- 
cises for  the  memory,  to  all. 


Southwold  and  its  Vieinity,  Ancient 
and  Modem,  By  Robert  Wake, 
M.R.C.S.L.  Svo,  pp.  420. 

SOUTHWOLD  is  a  watering-place, 
and  everybody  knows  the  general  cha- 
racter of  watering- place  topography. 
It  might  be  properly  called  the  Eulo- 
gistic style  ;  commencing  with  general 
eulogies  on  the  earth,  air,  and  water ; 
the  site,  climate,  prospects,  rides  and 
•  walks,  field  and  flood,  shipping  and 
dipping  ;  and  then  proceeding  to  par- 
ticular eulogies  on  the  crescents,  ter- 
races, and  villas ;  the  apartments  and 
the  lodgings,  the  hotels  and  libraries, 
the  baths  and  machines,  flys,  socia- 
bles, and  donkeys  ;  and  so  through  all 
the  paraphernalia  which  contribute  to 
the  health  or  amusement  of  the  invalid 
or  the  robust,  the  young  or  old,  gay  or 
grave ;  the  whole  interspersed  with 
highly  seasoned  compliments  to  the 
several  purveyors  of  these  convenien- 
ces and  luxuries,  from  the  popular 
preacher  or  sage  physician,  through 
the  various  grades  of  the  obliging  li- 
brarian,  the  "talented"  artist,  the 
graceful  danscuse,  the  attentive  driver, 
the  loquacious  boatman,  the  considerate 
bather,  and  the  venerable  retailer  of 
star-fish,  shells,  and  sea-weed.  To 
execute  this  agreeable  task  in  the  most 
engaging  manner,  the  pen  is  never 
wielded  more  suitably  than  by  one  of 
the  medical  profession  ;  no  one  is  better 
versrd  in  the  sttaviter  in  modo,  no  one 
can  tinge  his  lights  more  brilliantly 
with  the  couIpw  de  rote;  above  all,  no 
one  can  so  learnedly  fill  with  grave 
physiological  discussion  a  certain 
number  of  pages,  which  form  a  con- 
venient barrier  between  what  one  likes 
to  read  at  the  beginning,  and  what  one 


has  occasionally  need  to  consult  at  the 
end. 

Mr.  Wake  must  pardon  our  having 
taken  the  liberty  of  drawing  this  slight 
sketch  of  a  watering-place  guide  ;  for, 
though  it  would  be  unfair  to  class  his 
goodly  tome  with  the  common  run  of 
such  productions,  it  is  an  unquestion- 
able specimen  of  the  Eulogistic  style, 
amplified  (which  is  not  difficult  to  be 
done)  into  an  octavo  shape.  We  will  do 
him  the  justice  to  say  that  for  South- 
wold "Modem  "  it  is  very  complete, 
describing  in  succession  the  scenery 
and  edifices,  the  trading  and  the  bath- 
ing, the  antiquitiesf  (slightly  and  un- 
scientifically), the  historical  annaU 
(much  better,  at  least  for  modern 
times),  the  natural  history^  (completeat 
of  all),  rides  and  walks,  &c.  &c.  But, 
for  Southwold  "  Ancient,"  it  is  well  for 
the  lover  of  genuine  topography  that 
the  town  has  already  been  more  satis- 
factorily treated,  eighty-five  years  ago, 
by  Mr.  Thomas  Gardner,  in  his  "  His- 
torical Account  of  Dunwich,  Blith- 
burgh,  Southwold,"  &c.  4to.  1754,  a 
work  elaborated  in  the  spirit  of  a  sin- 
cere student  of  antiquities. 

It  is  true  that  Mr.  Wake  has  been 
enabled  to  commence  his  volume  with 
the  display  of  some  grave  errors  in  Mr. 
Gardner's  quotations  from  Domesday'; 
for  the  old  historian  (beside  omitting 
the  remarkable  word  heia  maris,  which 
we  shall  notice  presently)  has  Quarie- 
rias  for  quarenienas,  and  usque  venu$ 
Nemus  for  usque  Jernesmua  (i.  e.  Yar- 
mouth) ;  but  it  is  to  be  remembered 
that  Domesday  Book  had  not  been 
printed  in  Gardner's  time,  nor  does  he 
seem  to  have  had  access  to  the  original, 
but  to  have  received  his  extracts  at 
second  hand  from  Le  Neve's  Collec- 
tions. This  makes  his  "  inaccuracy  " 
not  so  "  unaccountable"  as  Mr. Wake 
suggests. 

Southwold  was  a  manor  belonging 
to  the  abbey  of  Bury,  and  its  rental 
was  assigned,  as  was  customary,  with 


*  Qti.  would  it  not  be  in  better  taste,  to  omit  the  expression,  absurdly  enoupk, 
tt  p.  113? 

t  Amont;  those  is  classed  a  oollection  of  coins,  which  are  treated  as  having  been 
found  at  Southwold,  though  chiefly  brought  from  London,  and  the  hie  et  uiique  custo- 
mary with  collectors  1 

X  To  the  perusal  of  this  part  of  the  work  we  particularly  commend  those  learned 
members  of  the  Linnsean  and  Zoological  Societies,  who  are  in  search  of  the  rmrer 
species  of  the  animal  creation. 


288 


Review. — Wake*8  Southwold, 


[Mardi, 


the  great  monasteries  to  a  particular 
department  of  their  wants,  viz.  ad  tncium 
monackorum,  for  the  provisions  of  the 
monks.  Mr.  Wake  says  this  is 
•'  quaintly  expressed ;"  but  we  confess 
we  cannot  perceive  how  it  could  have 
been  stated  in  a  more  simple  or  busi- 
ness-like  way.  There  was  at  South- 
wold  one  carucate  of  arable  land,  with 
five  villans  and  four  bordars;  and 
another  carucate  in  the  demesne,  et 
quatuor  hominum,  where  a  word  seems 
deficient,  and  it  may  be  doubtful 
whether  the  present  writer  is  not 
less  correct  than  his  predecessor 
when  he  translates  "and  the  land 
of  four  tenants,"  instead  of  "  and  four 
ploughmen,"  which  is  Gardner's  ver- 
sion. We  do  not  approve  of  the  word 
carve  as  a  translation  for  carucaia; 
though  found  in  Co  well's  Law  Diction- 
ary ;  we  think  it  was  never  an  English 
word.  It  is  here  taken,  we  see,  from 
Gardner,  and  by  him  from  Swinden's 
History  of  Great  Yarmouth ;  the  latter, 
however,  does  not  use  it  in  translat- 
ing Domesday,  but  in  quoting  the 
statute  28  Edw.  1.  "wn  carue  de  terre, 
a  carve  of  land."  It  is,  in  fact,  the 
same  word  as  carucate,  but  in  an 
abbreviated  French  (not  an  English) 
form,  to  be  spelled  with  an  u  not  a  v. 

Another  word,  which  is  really  pecu- 
liar to  the  Domesday  survey  of  South- 
wold,  is  Heia  maris,  literally  a  "  sea- 
hedge." 

**  Medietas  unius  heiemaris  et  quorta 
pars^  alterius]  medietatis.  Tunc  reddebat 
viginti  millia  alletium  ;  mode  viginti  quin- 
quemillia.'' 

Mr.  Wake  says  this  sea-hedge  is 
"  what  is  now  called  a  pitched  net  or 
choll  net ;"  in  which  we  find  he  fol- 
lows Sir  Henry  Ellis.* 

We  will  now  leave  what  Mr.  Wake 
has,  too  faint-heartedly  for  a  topogra- 
pher, termed  "  the  fogs  and  frosts  of 
Domesday,  and  the  frequent  rifts  of 
rocks  amongst  which  its  antiquated 
definitions  are  so  perilously,  because 
so  invisibly,  imbedded,"  to  notice  the 
following  passage,  in  which  his  good 
vessel,  the  haziness  rather  increasing 
than  passing  off,  runs  aground  on  a 
less  dangerous  shore : 

**  The  name,  as  is  generally  known, 


was  written  Sudwald  or  Southwood. 
'  Probably,'  writes  the  accomplished  m- 
thor  of  the  beauties  of  England  and  Wales, 
'  it  was  thus  named  from  a  wood  near  it — 
as  the  western  confines  still  retain  the 
appellation  of  WooDs-SNn  MAasBKS 
and  Woods-end  Creek.*  On  this  point, 
which  the  classical  pen  of  Frederic  Shoberl 
seems  to  have  placed  among  the  proba- 
bilities of  mere  conjecture,  we  are  mubled 
to  adduce  authorities.  The  extract  from 
the  Harleian  MiscelUmy,  adduced  in  the 
Appendix,  will  prove  that  *  the  wood 
BovENs,  as  it  seems  to  have  been  called/ 
supplied  to  its  occupier,  Thomas  Barrowe, 
who  held  it  on  account  of  services  done  to 
the  King,  no  less  than  twenty  acres  of 
meadow,  as  well  as  one  knight's  Dee.*' 

Now,  who  that  accomplished  person  * 
might  be  to  whose  skill  (in  distant 
subservience  to  the  great  Anther  of 
nature)  we  were  to  attribute  the 
beauties  of  England  and  Wales, — whe- 
ther Mr.  Capability  Brown,  or  Mr. 
Humphrey  Repton,  or  the  no  less 
celebrated  Mr.  Loudon  of  our  own 
days,  we  should  have  been  utterly  at 
a  loss  to  determine,  had  not  the 
subsequent  mention  of  the  "  classical 
Shoberl "  assisted  us  to  the  truth  that 
it  was  the  book  called  "  The  Beaaties 
of  England  and  Wales  "  that  was  here 
referred  to ;  but  of  that  book  Mr.  Shoberl 
was  so  far  from  being  the  author,  that 
he  only  compiled  the  single  volame 
containing  the  counties  of  Suffolk, 
Surrey,  and  Sussex.  His  work  was 
done  by  the  volame,  and  of  course  no 
very  deep  or  accurate  investigation  is 
to  be  expected  from  it ;  and  we  may 
ask  whether  it  would  not  have  better 
become  an  historian  of  the  place  to 
have  formed  an  independent  judgment 
of  his  own,  than  to  have  run  after  any 
casual  bookmaker,  however  accom- 
plished, who  merely  fiew  by,  elegantly 
sipping  the  "  beauties  "  as  he  went  ? 

But  here  we  have  something  still 
more  extraordinary  to  disclose.  The 
words  quoted  are,  after  all,  not  those 
of  the  accomplished  Shoberl,  bat  were 
first  written  by  the  despised  and  ne- 
glected Gardner,  the  very  exordiam  of 
whose  "  Historical  Account  of  South- 
wold  "  is  as  follows  : — 

**  This  place,  in  olden  time,  was  called 
Suwald,  Suwalda,  Sudholda,  Sonthwand, 


♦  Ellis's  Domesday,  I.  144.     Kelham,  p.  229,  noticing  this  passage,  says,  "  Lee« 
tor !  tu  tibi  (Edipus  esto.''    No  example  of  the  phrase  is  given  by  Ducange. 
8 


/ 


1840.] 


RETliw.»W«ke'a  SouthmoU. 


289 


and  Soathwood;  probably  from  a  wood 
growing  near;  for  the  western  confines 
still  retain  the  appellation  of  Wood's  End 
Marshes  and  Wood's  End  Creek." 

However,  as  we  said  before,  a  little 
deeper  investigation  would  have  better 
become  an  historian  of  the  place  than 
a  blind  acquiescence  in  any  predeces- 
sor ;  and  to  conduct  his  steps  in  this 
investigation  Mr.  Wake  would  have 
required  no  more  unattainable  guide 
than  Johnson's  Dictionary,  where  he 
would  have  found  it  very  clearly 
stated,  on  the  authority  of  Bishop 
Gibson,  that 


<( 


Woldf  whether  singly  or  jointly,  in 
the  names  of  places,  signifies  a  plain  open 
country  ;  from  the  Saxon  fro/a,  a  plain 
and  a  place  without  woods.*' 

He  would  thus  at  once  have  been 
out  of  the  woods  into  which  the  ac- 
complished Shoberl  had  enticed  him  ; 
and,  though  the  foga  might  still  have 
partially  obscured  his  view,  he  might, 
had  he  kept  in  sight  the  Pharos  of 
Gibson,  been  led  by  a  better  fortune 
to  tlie  terra  firma  of  Camden,  who  has 
given  Southwold  this  brief  but  inte- 
resting notice : — 

**  On  the  south  side  of  this  point 
(EiLstoD-ness)  lies  Southwold,  m  a  plain 
open  to  the  sea,*  much  resorted  to  on 
account  of  its  port,  formed  by  the  mouth 
of  the  Blith,  and  at  high  water  surrounded 
in  such  a  manner  as  to  look  Uke  an  island, 
HO  that  one  would  wonder  the  water  does 
nut  rover  it.  So  that  it  reminds  me  of 
Cicero's  observation,  *  What  but  Provi- 
dence forms  the  tides  on  the  coasts  of 
Spain  and  Britain,  and  causes  their  regular 
Hux  and  reflux  ? '  the  same  Providence  that 
ha.s  ordained  the  waves  themselves." 

"  But  surely,"  we  think  wc  hear 
Mr.  Wake  exclaim,  "aurely  the  ac- 
complished Shoberl  did  lead  me  into 
a  wood ;  and  a  wood  it  certainly  was, 
for  I  protwi  it  by  mv  authorities  from 
the  liarMan  Mucellany."  As  we  find 
theHc  authorities  in  the  Appendix,  p. 
405,  we  feel  bound  to  extract  them, 
though  it  turns  out  that  they  come  not 
from  the  Harleian  Miscellany,  but  the 
Harlcian  Manuscripts: — 

**  Of  the  wood  BovKNs,  formerly  ex- 
isting in  Southwold  and  noticed  in  our 
Hrit  chapter,    we  give  the   following  in- 

♦  There  is  a  JVbrMwold  in  Norfolk,  in 
the  high  land  just  above  the  Fens,  and 
near  it  are  Methwold  and  Hockwold.  lUv, 

Gs^TT.  Mag,  Vol.  XI II, 


formation,  extracted  firom  the  iizth  vol. , 
Si^.  Collect  page  4,  into  which  it  had 
been  copied  from  the  HarkUm  ManU' 
seriptt : — 

**  In  Southolde  wood,  (Botfent)  sic  vo- 
cata  teift  {tenetur)  p.  (per)  Thomam 
Barrowe  sibi  et  hered.  (hertdibua)  snis 
de  Rg.  (Rege)  in  ea  (eapite)  p.  (pro)  serv 
(tervitio)  xx.  a.  pti  (prmtt)  unius  feodi 
militis,  35  h  viii— at  Newton  Hall  joxta 
Sudbury." 

This  is  copied  literatim  from  Mr. 
Wake's  page.  We  can  scarcely  sup- 
pose that  he  could  be  aware  that  "  35 
H  viii "  implies  the  35th  year  of  the 
reign  of  Henry  VIII.  for  if  so  he  would 
surely  have  perceived  that  the  exist- 
ence of  a  wood  at  that  date  was  a  very 
poor  "  authority  "  indeed  for  the  ety- 
mology of  a  name  many  centuries 
older. 

But  we  have  now  something  more 
to  tell :  we  have  followed  Mr.  Wake 
to  his  Miscellanies,  and  cannot  find 
any  Bovens  at  all !  The  words  he 
has  misquoted 


*'  In  Southold  wood  boscu  sic  vocat*,* 
&c.  (Jermyn's  Suffolk  Collections,  voL  VI. 
f.  10^  MS.  Addit.  Brit.  Mas.  8173.) 

This  does  not  say  that  Southold  wood 
was  called  Bovbns,  but  that  a  cer- 
tain boMcus  was  called  Southold  wood. 
We  have  not  stopped  here;  we  have 
pursued,  as  an  historian  of  Southwold 
ought  to  have  done,  Mr.  Jermyn  to  hia 
auUiority,  which  is  the  MS.  Harl.  1232* 
f.  309,  a  volume  of  extracts  from  the 
escheats  relating  to  Suffolk ;  and  there 
we  have  found  thtit  Mr.  Jermyn  has 
himself  committed  an  error.  The 
passage,  after  all,  doee  not  relate  to 
Soutluoold  in  any  way,  but  it  speaks 
of  "  a  wood  called  Southolde  wood  " 
in  the  parish  of  Newton,  near  Sod- 
bury,  in  a  distant  part  of  the  county. 
This  will  be  fully  proved  by  the  fol- 
lowing more  complete  extract  from  the 
same  escheat,  to  which  the  preceding 
is  only  what  is  technically  termed,  by 
calendar  and  index  makers,  a  cross 
reference  : 

**  Newton  hall  M.  juxta  Sudbury  com 
pertin*  in  Newton  et  advocac*  eccl'ie  de 
Newton,  bote*  voc*  Southolde  tpoad,  Bran- 
don wood,  little  westwood,  hoppes  close, 
hockett  close,  et  al*  terr*  et  hereditament* 
in  Newton,  tent' per  Thomam  Barrowe  sibi 
et  hered'  suis  dc  R.  in  ca.  per  servic. 
xx*'  partis  unius  feodi  militis  pro  13  po.35 
H.  8.»'— (MS.  Harl.  1232,  p.  24«.) 

2  P 


290 


Review. — Wake*fi  Southwold, 


[Marcli» 


After  this  it  is  hardly  necessary  to 
point  out  to  Mr.  Wake  that  there  is 
here  nothing  about  twenty  acres  of 
meadow,  but  that  the  words  which  he 
has  so  translated  speak  of  the  twen- 
tieth part  of  a  knight's  fee.  He  is  not 
contented  with  inventing  woods,  but  he 
must  invent  meadows  also. 

So  much  for  the  Harleian  Miscellany 
and  the  Harleian  Manuscripts,   or  as 
they  are  elsewhere  still  more  amusingly 
termed,   the  Manuscript  Miscellanies; 
for  we  have  not  space  to  bestow  on  the 
correction  of  the   other  extracts  from 
the  same  source  ;   but  we  cannot  pass 
unnoticed  the  misnomer  under  which 
one  of  the  worthy  and  estimable  col- 
lectors of  the  materials  which  are  here 
so  misused  appears  in  p.  353.  We  there 
find  some  "  extracts  from  Jermyn  and 
Davies'  Suffolk   Collections,   vol.  iv." 
quoted  in  a  way  which  would  lead  an 
ordinary     reader     to    suppose   some 
printed  book  was  referred  to.     Now, 
we  think  even  a  printer  of  Suffolk  (or 
Norfolk)  should  have  known  that  the 
second  of  the  two  names  here  men- 
tioned is  Davy,  not  Davies.*  The  said 
collections  were  formed  by  Henry  Jer- 
myn, of  Sibton,  esq.  and  David  Elisha 
Davy,  esq.  who  collected  in  unison, 
but  with  separate  transcripts  of  their 
MSS.     Mr.  Jermyn  died  in  1820,  and 
his  volumes,  having  been   purchased 
by  Hudson  Gurney,     esq.    V.P.S.A. 
were  most  liberally  presented  by  that 
gentleman  to  the  British  Museum  in 
the  year  1830 ;  Mr.  Davy  is  still  living 
at  the  pleasant  village  of  Ufford,  sur- 
rounded by  his  MSS. — "  Manuscripts 


and  Miscellanies," — and  long  may  he 
live,  an  honour  to  the  county  to  which 
he  has  so  patriotically  devoted  his 
time  and  his  studies. 

Another  misnomer,  almost  as  sur- 
prising, occurs  at  p.  265,  where  the  sig- 
nature of  the  late  Sir  Charles  Bunbory, 
the  County  Member  for  nearly  half  a 
century,  is  printed  Banbury. 

But  what  shall  we  say  of  the  extra- 
ordinary jumble  at  p.  406,  where  vre 
find  not  merely  two,  but  three  '*  single 
gentlemen  rolled  into  one,"  by  "  Uie 
name  of  Richard  de  Hametis,  Earl  of 
Clare,  and  subsequently  King  of  Eng- 
land, by  the  title  of  Richard  I."  with 
the  following  note  in  further  explana- 
tion, "  Richard  I.  was  5th  ^rl  of 
Clare." ! ! ! 

Still,  the  "  fogs  and  frosts"  of  hoar 
antiquity  do  not  hang  over  every  page 
of  the  History  of  Southwold.  In  some 
parts  it  is  not  only  clear  enough,  hut 
brilliant  to  excess  ;  and,  there  is  one 
part  in  particular,  relating  to  the  liii- 
gious  transactions  of  the  body  corpo- 
rate, in  which  the  author  has  so  boldly 
given  the  reins  to  his  eloquence,  that 
we  have  been  requested  by  a  critical 
coadjutor t  to  insert  a  special  rejoinder 
to  his  remarks. 

However,  after  making  allowance 
for  all  its  defects,  it  may  be  conceded 
that  the  volume  contains  a  variety  of 
useful  information.  In  the  second 
chapter,  the  architectural  features  of 
the  very  fine  church  (erected  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  the  Fourth^  are  care- 
fully §  discussed  with  the  assistance 
of  William  Bardwell,  esq.  the  West- 


*  In  p.  329,  the  name  of  Mr.  Henry  Davy,  the  author  of  the  Architectoral  Anti- 
quities of  Suffolk,  is  also  misprinted  Davey. 

f  See  the  Correspondence  of  our  present  Number,  p.  247. 

I  •*  The  spandrils  (of  the  doorway  t)f  the  Tower)  are  charged  with  a  richly-canred 
Dragon.  These,  with  the  Rose-en -soleil  in  one  of  the  spandrils  of  the  door  at  the 
north,  and  with  the  Lions  supporting  the  drip-stone  of  the  door  at  the  {west,  are  all 
badges  of  Edward  the  Fourth  ;  and  furnish  indications,  clear  and  intelligible,  that  the 
church  of  Southwold,  being  ornamented  with  his  emblems,  had  been  erected  in  the  era 
of  that  monarch."  This  i)assage  (in  p.  51)  which  we  presume  is  from  the  pen  of  Mr. 
Bardwell,  is  satisfactory  ;  but  the  author  completely  contradicts  it  in  pp.  42  and  43,  in 
which  a  letter  M.  carved  as  an  ornament  of  the  sous-base  of  the  exterior  of  the  porch,  is 
conjectured  first  to  refer  to  Queen  Mary,  and  then  to  '*  Lady  Margaret,  in  compliment 
to  Henry  VII."  This  letter  M.  which  is  called  in  p.  42  a  **  duplicated  initial,^'  is  in 
fact  a  monogram,  combining  all  the  letters  of  the  name  of  the  Blessed  Virgin,  MARIA. 
It  is  of  frequent  occurrence  in  the  churches  of  the  Eastern  counties  which  resemble 
Southwold  in  period  and  style,  in  conjunction  with  other  initials  and  monograms  of  a 
like  reliajious  signification.  We  see  from  Gardner,  p.  208,  that  at  Southwold,  besides 
the  "  duplicated  M."  these  are  also  the  plain  letters  S.  M.,  probably  the  initials 
of  San  eta  Maria. 

§  When  we  say  this,  we  do  not  mean  to  imply  that  Mr.  Bardwell's  remariu  are  ia 
any  way  improved  by  the  author  retaining  the  very  flowery  essay  on  the  church  wUA 
he  had  previously  written,  and  in  which  '*  with  much  labour  and  pains,"  (p,  417)  he 


1840.] 


Review.— Wake's  Southwold. 


291 


minster  Improvements  architect,  and 
author  of  "  Temples,  Ancient  and 
Modern/'  who  is  a  native  of  the  place. 
This  gentleman  has  here  proposed  an 
important  change  in  the  nomenclature 
of  Gothic  architecture,  to  which  we  can 
only  do  justice  by  extracting  his  argu- 
ments : — 

"  The  walla,  which  constitute  the 
framework  of  the  entire  edifice,  are  so- 
lidly founded,  strongly  built,  and  suffici- 
ently indicative  of  such  a  design  as  was 
entirely  consistent  with  the  prospect  of 
durabihty.  They  are  formed  of  rubble,  ce- 
mented together  with  an  excellent  mortar, 
and  faced  with  an  ashlar  of  freestone. 
Tliis  again,  with  a  view  to  strength  as  well 
as  beauty,  is  tastefully  intermixed  with 
squared  flints,  which  are  generally  ar- 
ranged in  pattern.  The  stone  is  some- 
times so  adjusted  as  to  form  the  style 
of  single,  or  of  a  series  of  pannelt. 
Or  it  becomes  an  arrangement  for  the 
outlines  of  niches— o{  trefoils  and  quatre- 
foils  ;  while  the  flint  is  used  for  filling  in 
these  several  figures.  Sometimes  too  the 
flint  and  freestone  alternate  in  regular 
h({uares,  of  five  inches  respectively,  vary- 
ing in  other  parts  of  the  building  from 
three  to  four  inches ;  an  effect  which  is 
visible  in  the  porch,  and  in  the  fascia 
above  the  great  western  window.  Imme- 
diately below  the  nous-bate  moulding,  and 
entirely  round  the  edifice,  runs  a  baud  of 
pannels.  From  hence,  as  from  a  well  de- 
fined starting;  point,  all  the  windows  with 
the  exception  of  /rro,  namely,  the  great 
eiLHtern  and  western,  systematically  take 
tlieir  rise.  The  faces  of  the  buttresses 
will  be  found  in  like  fashion,  to  be  shaped 
into  panncls ;  and  the  blank  niches,  which 
contribute  to  this  ap|iearance,  will  he  de- 
tected in  various  parts  of  the  building, 
partiruiarly  on  either  side  of  the  west  en- 
triin<e.  Now  it  may  be  deemed  worthy  of 
o)»Hervation  while  we  arc  treating  of  this 
bubject,  that  the  circumstance  of  covering 
the  surface  with  pannels,  occasioned 
( ?  8ui(gests)  the  appropriate  designation 
of  TiiK  EMi'ANNKLKn  Styi.k  to  be 
;;iven  to  this  (the  tliird)  division  of  pointed 
architecture.  Our  anxiety  to  call  atten- 
tion to  a  discovery  which  has  been  applied 
with  such  acknowledged  beauty  and  effect 
to  the  exterior  of  Southwold  church,  may 
be  the  more  excusable,  because  Rickman, 
instead  of  *  the  Hmpanneled/  which    de- 


signates the  style  at  once,  thought  fit  to 
describe  it  as  '  Me  Perpendicular,*  a  term 
altogether  vague  and  inexpressive  of  any 
meaning.  We  may  further  observe  that 
at  the  period  when  the  Empanneled  style 
was  adopted  in  other  places  besides  South- 
wold, various  buildings  began  to  be  co- 
vered with  pannels  both  within  and  with- 
out ;  witness  the  Chapel  of  King's  College, 
Cambridge,  and  the  Chapel  of  King 
Henry  the  Seventh,  at  Westminster.** 

Upon  this  we  shall  only  remark 
that,  whilst  it  is  confessedly  difficult 
to  find  generic  terms  of  universal  ap* 
plication,  the  title  Empanelled  does 
not  appear  to  us  to  be  so  generalkf 
applicable  as  Perpendicular,  with 
which  we  associate  the  idea  of 
straight  lines,  both  upright  and 
transverse. 

The  plate  of  the  Church,  drawn  by 
Mr.  Bardwell,  and  engraved  by  Mr. 
G.  HoUis,  is  all  that  could  be  wished^ 
for  accuracy  and  beauty.  The  sepul. 
chral  memorials  are  somewhat  too 
summarily  discussed  ;  for  the  epitaphs 
relating  to  families  of  distinction,  as 
the  Goochs,  &c.  should  have  been 
given  at  length.  We  are  glad  a  single 
exception  was  made  in  favour  of  old 
Gardner  the  Historian.  He  lies  be- 
tween his  two  wives,  the  first  of  whom 
is  thus  recorded  : 

'*  To  the  memory  of  Rachael,  tlic  wife 
of  Thomas  Gardner,  who  died  9th 
Ma^'ch  17^0,  aged  35  years,  and  Rachael 
their  daughter,  who  died  April  IBth  17^» 
aged  \*2  years. 

Virtu K  crowned  during  Ufe1 
Both  the  Daughter  and  the  Wife." 

And  the  second  thus  : 

"  Mary,  the  wife  of  Thomas  Gardnert 
died  3rd  May  173[),  aged  6^  years. 

Honour  ever  did  attend 
Her  just  dealings  to  the  end.*' 

The  centre  stone  is  inscribed  : 

**  To  the  memory  of  Tiiomah  Gard- 
NKR,  Salt  Officer,  who  died  March  3(>th, 
17(»;),  aged  7f)  years. 

Between  Honour  and  Virtuk  here  doth 

lie 
The  remains  of  old  Antiquity." 


"  embodied  "  Mr.  BardwelPs  description.  It  would  have  been  better  if  here,  as  else- 
where, he  had  learnt  **  the  art  to  blot.**  We  have  looked  in  vain  for  a  description 
v(  the  very  beautiful  spiral  lant«ru,  apparently  pUccd  over  the  rood-loft,  and  intended 


lor  the  Saint*i  belt 


292 


REviEW.-^WrigWs  PoUtieal  Stmgi  df  England.      [K(iirdi» 


In  his  8tli  chapter  the  author  has 
given  full  particulars  of  Solebay  fight, 
fought  on  the  28th  May  1672,  in  the 
bay  before  Southwold ;  but  he  might 
have  supplied  some  interesting  toucnes 
from  the  Diary  of  Mr.  Evelyn,  who  was 
sent  to  the  coast  by  the  King  for  the 

Surpose  of  observing  the  fleets,  and 
as  left  on  record  some  sensible  and 
affecting  remarks,  particularly  on  the 
loss  of  the  gallant  Earl  of  Sandwich, 
from  the  time  when  on  the  l6th  of 
the  month,  he  saw  the  combined 
English  and  French  fleets  pass  Dover, 
"in  all  170  ships— such  a  gallant  and 
formidable  navy  never,  I  think,  spread 
saile  upon  y^  seas.  It  was  a  goodly 
yet  terrible  sight,  to  behold  them  as  I 
did,  passing  eastward  by  the  straights 
betwixt  Dover  and  Calais  in  a  glorious 
day  .  .  ."  and  so  to  the  3rd  of  June, 
when  he  "  sailed  to  the  fleete  now 
riding  at  the  buoy  of  the  Nore,  where 
i  met  his  Majesty,  the  Duke,  Lord 
Arlington,  and  all  the  greate  men, 
in  the  Charles,  lying  miserably  shat- 
ter'd  ;  but  y'  misse  of  Lord  Sandwich 
redoubled  the  losse  to  me,  and  shew'd 
the  folly  of  hazarding  so  brave  a  fleete, 
and  losing  so  many  men,  for  no  pro- 
vocation but  that  y*'  Hollanders  ex- 
ceeded us  in  Industrie,  and  in  all  things 
but  envy." 

Mr.  Wake's  History  of  Southwold 
is  followed  by  a  brief  account  of  the 
several  parishes  of  the  Hundred  of 
Blything,  under  an  alphabetical  ar- 
rangement. They  are  of  course 
treated,  for  the  most  part,  in  a  brief 
and  summary  manner.  We  shall  con- 
tent ourselves  with  two  further  ob- 
servations. 

At  p.  288  is  inserted  the  epitaph  at 
Little  Bradley,  of  John  Daye  the  ce- 
lebrated printer  and  publisher  of  Fox's 
Book  of  Martyrs ;  but  it  is  not  no- 
ticed that  his  sepulchral  brass  was 
engraved  and  explained  in  the  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine  for  1832,  when  it 
was  shewn,  amongst  other  matters, 
that  the  widow  was  "  turnd  to  a 
Stone  "  by  her  marriage  to  a  second 
husband  so  named. 

In  p.  333  it  is  stated  that "  a  splendid 


monument  to  the  memory  of  Artlibr, 
third  son  of  Edward  Cokb/'  may  be 
seen  in  the  chancel  of  Btanmeld 
church.  Perhaps  the  capitals  were  her^ 
intended  to  answer  the  purpoee  both 
of  titles  and  dates:  we  thmk,  how- 
ever, the  reader  should  have  been 
more  distinctly  informed  that  the 
Chief  Justice  Sir  Edward  Coke  ^  was 
meant.  We  happen  to  have  a  copy 
of  the  inscription  on  this  monmiieDt  1 
and,  as  we  think  it  has  not  yet  been 
printed,  we  shall  here  insert  it : 

'*  Here  lyeth  bvried  Arthvr  Coke,  Eeq. 
Third  sonne  of  Sir  Edward  Coke,  Knigfaty 
late  Lord  Chiefe  Jvstice  uf  England,  &  of 
the  Privye  Covnsell  of  Kinge  Jamea. 
Here  lyeth  also  bvried  in  the  same  tombet 
Elizabeth,  davghter  and  sole  Heire  Ap- 
parent of  S'  George  Waldegrave,  Knight, 
yr^^  Elizabeth  Christianly  and  peaceably 
departed  this  life  the  14^  day  of  Novem- 
ber, Anno  Dni.  1627*  And  the  Mid 
Arthvr  likewise  Christianly  and  peaceablT 
departed  this  life  at  Bury  S*.  Edmoaib 
in  this  Covnty  of  Suffolk,  on  the  6^  day 
of  December,  1629. 

'*  They  had  issve  betweene  them» 
livinge  at  their  deceases,  foore  davghten* 
viz:  Elizabeth,  Mary,  Winifted,  aad 
Theophila,  whom  Almighty  God  proiper 
and  protect." 

We  will  now  conclude  by  remarking 
that  the  several  embellishmeots  of 
this  book,  both  views  and  mapa»  are 
all  good  in  their  way,  and  will  mate- 
riallv  contribute  to  make  it  acceptable 
to  tne  modem  reader,  to  whom  the 
author  must  turn  for  that  meed  of  ap- 
proval which  the  antiquary  cannot 
conscientiously  bestow. 


Tke  Political  S<mg$  of  England,  JHm 
the  Reian  of  John  to  that  0/  Edmard 
II.  Edited  and  tran$latedh!g^omMA 
Wright,  Eiq.  M.A.  F.8.A.  ^. 
[Printed  for  the  Camden  Soeietjf.} 
4to.pp,  408. 

WE  shall  be  obliged  to  give  bnt  a 
brief  and  inadequate  review  of  this 
very  curious  volume ;  but  we  cahnot 
allow  our  present  Magazine  to  go 
forth  without  some  notice  of  it,  as  lu- 


*  See  Sir  Edw.  Coke's  record  of  his  son  Arthnr^s  birth,  among  the  genealogical  and 
antobiographical  notes  from  his  Vade  Mecum,  or  pocket  copy  of  LLttleton*!  IWvnSt 
in  the  Collectanea  Topog.  ct  Genealog.  vol.  Y.  p.  113. 


1 840.]        Revibw.— Wright's  Potiiieal  Songs  of  England. 


293 


ready  wc  are  greeted  by  the  presence 
of  the  succeeding  work  of  the  Camden 
Society,  Sir  John  Hayward's  Annals 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  edited  by  Mr. 
Hruce  ;  and  such  is  the  activity  of  that 
well- planned  and  most  popular  body, 
that  two  other  strangers  are  even  now 
putting  on  their  visiting  costume,*  and 

**  Another  and  another  still  succeeds.** 

In  this  collection  of"  Political  Songs," 
Mr.  Wright  has  included  as  well  those 
poetical  compositions  which  were  pro- 
duced with  the  object  of  encouraging 
a  party  or  promoting  a  popular  enthu- 
siasm; and  those  which  in  the  form  of 
a  ballad  commemorated  some  success, 
or  satirised  some  prevalent  folly  ;  with 
some  few  others  which  might  more 
properly  he  termed  historical  poems 
than  songs,  chiefly  written  in  the 
Latin  verse  of  the  monastic  poets. 
One  of  these,  entitled  "The  Battle  of 
Lewes,"  is  a  poem  of  nearly  a  thousand 
lines.  It  is,  however,  a  highly  in- 
teresting and  very  remarkable  compo- 


sition. Mr.  Wright  remarks  that  it 
"  may  be  considered  as  the  popular  de- 
claration of  the  principles  with  which 
the  barons  entered  into  the  war,  and 
the  objects  which  they  had  in  view. 
It  bears  internal  proofs  of  having  been 
written  immediately  after  the  decisive 
battle  of  Lewes ;  and  the  moderate  and 
deeply  moral  and  religious  feeling 
which  the  reforming  party  here  shows, 
even  in  the  moment  of  triumph,  is  ex- 
tremely remarkable,  and  is  closely 
connected  with  the  complaints  against 
the  licentiousness  of  the  other  party  in 
the  satirical  songs  which  precede. 
We  might  almost  suppose  ourselves 
transported  to  the  days  of  WicklifTe  or 
Cromwell." 

Not  having  room  for  any  specimens 
of  this  poem,  we  refer  to  the  volume 
itself;  but  at  the  same  time  we  must 
direct  attention  to  the  very  curious 
note  at  p.  363,  in  which  Mr.  Wright 
has  brought  together  a  collection  of 
ancient  expositions  of  the  relative  du- 
ties of  sovereign  and  people,  written  at 


*  We  allude  to  No.  VIII.  Ecclesiastical  Documents,  edited  by  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Hunter;  and  No.  XI.  Kemp's  Nine  Daies  Wonder,  edited  by  the  Rev.  Alexander 
Dyce.  From  a  new  List  of  the  Society's  Works,  issued  since  the  last  meeting  of  the 
Council)  we  f^nd  the  following  Works  have  been  placed  on  the  Society's  list  since  the 
anniversary  last  year  : — 

Tlie  Rutland  Papers  :  Documents  relating  to  the  Coronation  of  Henry  VIII.,  the 
re^ulntion  of  his  Household,  the  Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Gold,  and  his  interviews  with 
tl»r  Kmperor,  selected  from  the  MS.  collections  of  His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Rutland.  To 
be  edited  by  Wii.mam  JsanAN,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  M.R.S.L. 

The  Chronicle  of  Hartholomew  de  Cotton,  a  monk  of  Norwich,  from  the  earliest 
jieriod  to  the  year  of  our  I^rd  1298.     To  be  edited  by  John  Bruce,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

The  Latin  Poetry  of  Walter  Mapes,  Archdeacon  of  Oxford  at  the  beginning  of  the 
thirteenth  century.     To  be  edited  by  TnoMAs  Wright,  Esq.  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

I^tin  Romance  Narratives  and  Legends  of  the  thirteenth,  fourteenth,  and  fifteenth 
centuries,  relating  to  King  Arthur  and  other  Heroes  of  the  Welsh  and  Breton  cycle  of 
Fiction.     To  be  edited  by  Sir  FRP.nERicK  Maookn,  K.H.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A. 

A  Collection  of  I^etters  and  .State  Papers  relating  to  the  Proceedings  of  the  Earl  of 
Leicester  in  the  Low  Countries,  in  the  years  l."»^.')  and  l.'iHG,  derived  from  a  MS. 
placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  Society  by  Frederick  Ouvry,  Esq.  and  other  sources.  To 
be  editetl  by  John  Bri'CK,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

The  History  of  the  Barons'  Wars  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  by  William  de 
Rislmnf^r.     To  be  edited  by  J.  O.  Hau.iwkll,  Esq.  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  &c. 

A  Collection  of  Short  Moral  Storit»s  in  Latin,  selected  from  MSS.  of  the  thirteenth 
and  fourteenth centurit»s,  and  accompanied  by  Translations.  To  be  edited  by  Thomai 
WRn;HT,  K«(|.  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

A  Collection  of  Miracle  Plays,  from  the  date  of  the  earliest  cxiiiting  specimen  to  the 
period  when  thev  were  superseded  by  Moral  Plays  ;  including  the  unique  Miracle 
Play  of  Sir  Jonatnas  the  Jew.  To  be  preceded  by  a  Dissertation  shewing  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  change  from  Miracle  Play  to  Moral  Play  was  gradually  effected;  by 
Jonv  Paynk  Coi.LiRR,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

A  Narrative  of  the  ('ommntion  in  the  County  of  Clare,  and  particularly  of  the 
Siege  of  Bellyaly  Castle,  in  164 1 -'i,  by  Maurice  Cuffe,  Esq.  the  defender  of  the  castle* 
And  "  Macariae  Exndium,  or  the  destruction  of  Cyprus  ;"  a  narrative,  written  in  1692, 
f  the  struggle  between  James  II.  and  William  III.  in  Ireland,  by  Colonel  Chariet 
U'Kclly.    To  be  edited  by  T.  Croiton  Crokkr,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  M.R.I.A. 


I) 


Review.— Wright's  PoUHcal  Bongi^  England.      [Mini, 


the  Jive  Beveral  peri[>ds  of  the  tenth 
centurjr,  the  twelfth,  tbc  middle  of  the 
thirteenth,  the  time  of  Edward  III.  and 
Piera  Ploughman,  and  the  reign  of 
Richard  II.  as  shown  in  the  allitera- 
tive poem  before  edited  by  Mr.  Wright 
for  the  Camden  Society. 

Not  the  least  striking  feature  in 
many  of  these  compositions  is  the  ex- 
cessive freedom  of  the  sentiments  which 
they  sometimes  convey.  Mr.  Wright 
remarks  tb at  "The  weak  government 
of  Henry  the  Third,  permitted  every 
party  to  give  free  utterance  to  their 
opinions  and  intentions, and  the  songs 
of  this  period  are  remarkably  bold  and 
pointed." 

The  earliest  piccea  in  the  volume  arc 
four,  assigned  to  the  reign  of  King 
John, — one  in  French  on  the  siege  of 
Thouars,  the  second  a  Provencal  »ir- 
vtnte  on  the  King,  the  third  and  fourth 
in  Latin.  The  remainder  of  the  vo- 
lume it  pretty  equally  divided  between 
the  next  three  reigns.  It  doges  with 
the  days  of  Edward  the  Second  :  and 
it  is  proposed  by  tbe  editor 


the    ; 


inotbe 


bring  it  down  to  the  fall  of  the  housi 
of  York. 

If,  in  making  an  extract  from  this 
collection,  wc  were  to  be  guided  by 
the  curiosity  of  the  compositions,  we 
should  certainly  select  one  of  the 
English  songs ;  which  are  full  of  in- 
terest from  thtir  quainlocaa  and  sin- 
gular allusions,  anil  from  their  philo- 
logical value  1  but  as  the  best  of  them 
have  already  appeared  {though  not  so 
accurately)  in  the  collections  of  Percy 
and  BitBon,  we  shall  turn  to  a  very 
spirited  Latin  composition,  which  is 
supposed  to  have  been  written  in  the 
reign  of  King  John. 

We  do  not  tbink  that  the  Editor  has 
shown  his  happiest  discrimination  J 


giving  !■ 


with    several 


tnteclio  tonlra  avaritiam, 
"  L'tak  contra  vitui  ormloe  rrtielU  t 
Mel  praponont  alii,  rel  supponnot  metU, 


■ispnui  cam  animo  fuieg  rebellia 

labors  denult,nieniegtpleiui(CIllB; 
n  esl  lotnin  melteum  quod  eat  liutar  loeUu  ; 
iapecloTuquua  ptllls. 


It  in  01 


Picem  l^unt  u 


slim 


iguU  capitis  dolon. 
El  ridici  conaoiut  pomum  in  lapDre. 
Roma  muodi  caput  eat,  sed  nil  ca[Ht  muDdaid 
Quod  pendet  a  capite  lolum  «t  inmoudiim ; 
Transit  enim  vitium  primum  in  secuDdam, 
El  (Ic  fundoredolet  quod  est  JiiitJt  fandiUD. 
Romacapit  ainfulos  et  rea  ■iDfolornm; 
Bomanorum  curia  non  eat  nisi  fgnim. 
Ibi  sunt  venaliB  jnra  genatoriun, 

ijuam,  vel  alCerlns,  hoc  in  primia  lesit, — 
Nisi  det  pecuuiam  Roma  latum  n^iat, 
Qui  plus  dat  pecunic  melius  alltgat. 

Romani  ctpitulum  tiabent  in  decretis, 
Ut  petentes  audiaut  mauibus  repletf a  ; 
Dabis,  ant  nan  dabltur ;  prlant  quia  petia ; 


others,  Ihc  general  title  of  a  "Song  oi 
the  Times ;"  for    it  comprehends  no 
extended  range  of  subject,  but "  liarpa" 
throughout,  with  most  amusing  perti- 
nacity, on  abuses  in  causes  ecclesias- 
tical.    Its  old  Latin  titles  are  /woee/io 
coRfro   jWaTiliam,  and   !)•■  vcuerandu 
jiatUin    Romaaa.    cariit,    (p.    402)   of 
which  the  most  cxphinatory  and  ace 
rate  paraphrase  would  be, "  An  In 
tive  against  the  V      lity  of  the  Ctc 
Rome." 


I,  parco  non  est  pvca ; 
Nuninius  est  pro  numint,  et  |iro  Marco  marca, 
eiCKl  minus  (debris  ara,  quam  sil  area. 

Ciini  ail  paiiam  veneris,  habe  pro  coBBtaatia 
Son  est  locus  pauperi,  soli  five!  danti  { 
I'd  4i  munus  pni'stilum  non  eal  aliqduti, 
Kwptiiicli-l  bic  tibi  sic,  Non  est  micU  tanlL 

Papa,  x\  rem  tan)[inius,  nomen  habet  ■  re, 
liiriniuid  liabcnt  alii,  solus  vnilpapare) 
lei  M  vf rbum  Gallicuni 
Pari.  Pnr:,  dim  mot,  i\ 


rnm  sails  dcderia,  q 


1 840.]  Review.— .Wright's  Political  Songs  of  England. 


29ii 


Quid  irrm  p<»r  sinifiila?  colllirain  suniniatiin,— 
oiiiiies  liiirsaiu  stran^ulant,  et  evpirat  statiin. 

liiirsa  taiiifii  Tityi  jcriir  imitatur, 
Kiiijit  nvs,  ut  ro«U'at,  ptrit,  lit  nascatur, 
Kt  Ihm*  pacto  loruluiii  Roma  depra'datiir, 
It  (Uin  tutuin  dederit,  tutus  iiupleatur. 

lii'dcunt  a  curia  capitc  cornuto  : 
luia  ttMu't  Jupiter,  cadum  tenet  Pluto, 
Kt  aciMHlit  di^nitas  aiiimali  bruto, 
Taatiuaui  )C<'rnina  stercori  et  pirtura  luto. 

Divitcs  divitilius  dant,  ut  .suinant  ilii, 
Kt  (M-turrunt  niunera  relative  sibi  : 
l>'\  est  istacelebri.s,  quain  fererunt  srribi, 
Si  tu  inichi  dederis,  ejfo  dalx)  tilii.     Finit/* 

This  song,  says  Mr.  Wright,  in  his 
introductory  obscTvations, 

**  is  supposed  to  liave  l)cen  written 
(luring  the  interdict.  In  the  fourth  line 
the  lion  is  said  to  designate  King  John, 
and  the  asses  the  liishops  ;  and  nt  the  end 
the  King  is  represented  by  Jupiter,  whilst 
the  Pope  receives  the  contemptuous  de- 
^i^(nati()n  of  Pluto."  (p.  14.) 

and  in  his  notes  he  adds  that  this  infor- 
mation is  conveyed  in  two  side  notes  in 
Klacius  lliyricus,  who  has  printed  this 
song  in  his  *'  Varia  Doctorum,  &c.  Poc- 
inata,"  with  the  omission  of  the  three 
first  stanzas,  which  he  had  previously 
ixivcn  as  a  separate  song.  Mr.  Wright 
admits,  however,  tliat  there  is  nothing 
to  s1j(»w  \vhether  Fiacius  Illyricus  de- 
rived these  notes  from  a  MS.  or  whe- 
thjT  they  were  written  by  him,  or  by 
HdU',  who  is  also  found  to  (piote  them. 
In  any  case,  we  feci  convinced  that  the 
ex[)lanation  is  wrong.  The  three  last 
stan/.'ts  evidently  refer  to  those  who, 
liaving  obtained  episcopal  dignities  by 
bribery  at  the  Roman  court,  came 
liomt'  and  recreated  their  purses  by 
selling  inferior  preferments  in  a  simi- 
lar way.  Mr.  Wright  has  well  trans- 
lated the  line,  "  Kedeunt,"  &c. 
"  They  return  from  the  court  with 
mitred  heads  ;"  and  the  next  line 
simply  means  that  whilst  the  most  de- 
serving prelate,  a  Jupiter,  was  placed 
in  an  inferior  see.  a  simoniacal  Pluto 
was  raised  to  the  highest.  If  wc 
judged  only  from  internal  evidence, 
we  should  nay  there  was  nothing  in 
this  poem  that  fixed  it  either  to  the 
country  or  the  age  of  King  John,  much 
less  that  alluded  to  him  personally ; 
but,  at  from  the  evidence  of  the  seve- 
ral MSS.  in  which  it  has  been  found, 
there  appears  good  reason  to  conclude 
that  it  was  coroposetl  either  by  Walter 
Mapet  or  tone  other  Englishman  of 


that  time,*  it  certainly  had  a  very  good 
claim  for  admission  into  the  present 
collection,  and  we  may  regard  it  as 
evidence  of  the  deplorable  corruption 
of  the  C  hurch,  in  its  liead  and  its 
branches,  in  the  thirteenth  century. 
Wc  do  not,  however,  at  all  coincide  in 
the  suggestion  that  it  was  written 
durimj  the  interdict :  this  seems  rather 
like  the  apology  of  some  good  Catholic 
for  meddling  with  so  flagrant  a  libel 
against  Holy  Mother  Church.  But  we 
do  not  believe  any  such  thing;  we  re- 
gard it  as  the  indignant  expostulation 
of  some  high-spirited  man  at  a  time 
"when  the  high  road  to  Rome  was  most 
thronged  with  suitors,  and  whilst  the 
pecuniary  exhaustion  arising  from  her 
never  ceasing  extortions  was  most  sg^ 
verely  felt.  The  same  grievances  are 
further  depicted  in  a  long  Knglish 
poem  on  **  Simonie,"  of  the  time  of 
Edward  II.  which  Mr.  Wright  pro- 
cured from  the  Advocates'  Library  at 
Edinburgh,  just  in  time  to  include  in 
his  volume. 

Here,  we  regret  to  say,  we  must 
stop  our  pen  :  having  first  remarked 
that  the  greater  part  of  the  collection 
is  accompanied  by  a  close  and  careful 
English  translation — a  matter  of  the 
utmost  assistance  in  the  Norman 
French  and  old  English  pieces  ;  that  a 
critical  review  of  the  subject  is  given  in 
the  Introduction,  and  various  matters 
of  great  antiquarian  and  literary  in- 
terest are  illustrated  in  the  Notes  ;  and 
that  an  appendixof  fifty  pages  is  occu- 
pied with  a  valuable  specimen  of  the 
veritable  French  chronicle  of  Peter  of 
Langtoft,  of  which  the  English  chro- 
nicle published  uniler  that  name  by 
Tom  Hearne,  was  merely  a  version 
(with  alterations),  the  work  of  Robert 
dc  Urunne.  These  extracts  were 
considered  by  the  editor  an  appro- 
priate addition,  in  consequence  of 
their   containing  fragments   in    what 

•  In  a  supplementary  note,  p.  402,  Mr. 
WriKht  mentions  that  "  (iiraldus  Cam- 
brenHiii  has  ingerted  n  copy  of  thiM  Song 
in  the  Speculum  Ecelesiir,  MS.  ('otton. 
Tib.  B.  xiri.  and  attributed  it  to  the 
famous  (iolias,  which  is  commonly  lup- 
pOM'd  to  Im*  only  a  fictitious  name  for 
Walter  Mapes.  TliiA  takes  away  all 
doubt  as  to  its  nse,  and  the  explanations 
given  by  Flaeius  Illyricus  may  be  right." 
To  the  last  conclusion  wc  cannot  assent. 


296 


Miscilkwtm  JZmeipf , 


[Mudii 


was  then  termed  ryme  cow^9,  or  tailed 
rhyme,  which  are  apparently  taken 
from  the  spngs  of  the  time.  From  their 
extreme  rudeness,  we  can  imagine 
them  to  be  the  most  popular  songs,  of 
the  common  soldiery,  in  the  whole  vo- 
lume. As  for  instance,  the  reply  of  the 
English,  when  King  Edward  had  for- 
tified Berwick,  to  "  the  rhymes  the 
Scots  had  formerly  sung  in  mockery  of 
the  English"— 


Piket  hym  and  dik«i  hin, 
On  icome  saiden  he,* 
hu  beat  hit  mai  be. 

He  pikes  and  he  dikes, 
On  lengthe  as  him  Ukea, 
als  hy  mowe  best  y-se. 

Scatered  heir  the  Scotet, 

Hodred  in  the[r]  hottes, 

never  thai  ne  the  ;i* 

Ritht  if  y  rede, 
Thay  toumble  in  Twede 
that  wonedX  hi  the  Mt 


Observations  on  Medical  Education. 
By  R.  Jones.  1839. — It  is  quite  clear  that 
the  Education  of  Medical  Practitioners 
cannot  much  longer  remain  in  its  present 
unsatisfactory  state ;  unsatisfactory  both 
to  themselves  and  to  the  public  :  and  we 
are  glad  to  find  from  this  sensible  and 
able  pamphlet,  that  the  subject  will  before 
long  be  brought  before  Parliament :  with 
a  view  of  reforming  abuses,  and  framing 
measures  by  which  a  scientific  education 
must  be  attained,  before  a  practitioner 
is  allowed  to  take  the  health  and  lives  of 
the  community  under  his  care.  We  ad- 
vise those  interested  in  the  subject  care- 
fully to  peruse  Mr.  Jones's  excellent  ob- 
servations. 


Iniquities  of  the  Opium  trade  with 
China.  By  the  Rev.  A.  S.  ThelwaU.— The 
Emperor  of  China,  or  rather  the  Chinese 
Government,  have  been  the  best  commen- 
tators on  this  volume.  The  iniquity  of 
the  opium  trade  was  something  prodigi- 
ous ;  as  carried  on  by  a  Christian  nation, 
it  was  altogether  wicked  beyond  the  ordi- 
nary limits  of  wickedness.  How  strange 
the  anomaly  1  we  left  our  own  shores  to 
visit  the  benighted  nations  of  the  East, 
with  a  Bible  in  one  hand,  and  a  })()i8onous 
drug  in  the  other ;  with  that  which  was  to 
enlighten,  and  that  which  was  to  corrupt : 
performing  in  the  same  persons,  the  offices 
of  the  ministers  of  God,  and  the  agents  of 
Satan!  truly  we  have  thought  ourselves 
wiser  than  the  Scripture,  and  have  en- 
deavoured alike  to  serve  both  God  and 
Mammon. 


Chapters  of  the  Modern  History  of  Bri- 
tish India.  By  Edward  Thornton,  Esq. 
— The  design  of  this  work  is  judicious, 
and  its  execution  good ;  it  is  intended  to 
furnish  an  account  of  the  most  prominent 
and  interesting  scenes  and  events  that 
have  occurred  in  British  India  during  the 
last  30  years ;  commencing  with  the 
mutiny  of  Yellore  in  1806,  and  terminat- 
ing with  the  Burmese  war,  and  the  siege  of 
Bhurtpore  in  1825.  The  capture  of 
Bourbon  and  Mauritius  established  our 

9 


possession  of  the  Indian  seat ;  tiie  con- 
quest of  the  Dutch  settlements  dalhrtrad 
us  from  an  artful  and  grasping  enemy. 
Then  followed  the  Nepaul  war,  and  the 
destruction  of  the  Pindarries.  The  whole 
forms  a  series  of  brilliant  pictures  ftiU  of 
high  achievements,  and  proving  that  the 
most  undaunted  and  desperate  courage  of 
wild  and  half  savage  troops,]  can  never 
maintain  a  successful  struggle  against  the 
deliberate  firmneis  and  disciplme  of  the 
English  Army.  We  conquerad,  and  ge- 
nerally conquer,  against  enormotu  dufi- 
culties,  and  with  very  inferior  forces. 

The  Exiles  of  Zillerihal,  their  per^ 
secution  and  expatriation  from  the  Tyroi, 
translated  from  the  German  ef  Dr, 
Rheinwald,  of  Basle.  By  John  Saanden, 
12mo.  1840. — A  very  interesting  accooiit 
of  the  migration  of  a  small  Protestant 
community  from  their  patriot  homes  and 
hearths  in  the  Tyrol,  driven  by  the  Ro- 
man CathoUc  bigotry  and  oppression  to 
find  a  refuge  in  Silesia.  This  concession 
of  the  Austrian  Government  to  the  domi- 
nation of  the  priesthood  is  the  great  stain 
upon  the  page  of  its  history.  This  sub- 
ject was  first  brought  before  the  pnUie  in 
a  Sermon  by  Mr.  Hartwell  Home,  in  1837» 
and  lately  in  an  article  in  the  Quarterly 
Review,  No.  127.§ 

^  Motives  to  the  study  ofBibUeal  Uierm^ 
tare,  in  a  course  of  Lectures,  ^  By  Wil- 
liam Goodhugh.  1839. — ^We  have  rend 
through  this  work  with  pleasure,  and  hnre 
derived  from  it  much  useful  information  ; 
but,  from  the  nature  of  the  subject,  it  ie 
not  well  adapted  for  extracts;  we  will, 
however,  give  a  curious  passage  on  tiie 


*  That  is.  They  said  in  scome.  Let  tlie 
King  pike  and  dike  as  he  can. 

f  They  never  thrive.  %  Dwelt. 

§  Mr.  Tumbull  in  his  Austria,  voL 
ii.  p.  113,  says  he  "  discredits  the  m. 
puted  facts  on  certain  oceurrencea  aaid  tn 
have  recently  taken  place  in  the  TjnUJ* 
This  is  high  authority. 


1840,] 


MiiceOaneoui  Revietou 


297 


BabylonUn  brlcki,  p.  61.    ''A  trareller 
who  hai  recently  explored  the  raini  of 
Babylon,   remarks  that  on  many  of  the 
bricks  he  found  ten  lines  of  Babylonian 
writing  stamped  across  the  angles  of  the 
brick.     These  inscriptions  appear  to  have 
been  stamped  upon  the  brick  while  in  a 
soft  state,  by  a  block  of  wood,  and  consist 
of  a  series  of  arrow-headed  characters,  all 
knowledge  of  which  is  entirely  lost.    Mr. 
Rich  says,  *  No  idea  of  the  purpose  these 
inscriptions  were  intended  to  answer,  can 
be  formed  from  the  situation  in  which  the 
bricks  are  found.     It  is  such  as  to  pre- 
clude the  possibility  of  their  being  read, 
until  qfter  the  destruction  of  the  buildings 
they  composed.     At  the  ravine  of  the 
mound  of  the  Kasr  or  palace,  I  was  pre- 
sent at  the  extracting  above  a  hundred 
of  them,   and  found   that  they  were  all 
placed  on  the  layers  of  cement  with  their 
faces   or  inscribed  parts  downwards,  so 
that   the  edges   only,  which  formed  the 
front  of  the  wall  were  visible,  and  from 
subsequent  observation  I  ascertained  this 
to  be  the  case  in  every  ruin  where  they 
are   found,   a  proof  that  they  were  de- 
signedly  placed   in   that   manner.*     The 
prospect  of  one  day  seeing  these  inscrip- 
tions decyphered  and  explained,  is  not  so 
hopeless  as  it  has  been  deemed.     From 
the  specimens  now  before  us,  some  points 
may   be   established,   the   importance  of 
which  those  skilled  in  the  artof  decypher- 
ing  will  readily  acknowledge.    The  lan- 
guage  may   safely  be  pronounced  to  be 
Chaldee  ;  the  system  of  letters  an  alpha- 
betical and  not  a  symbolical  one,  and  each 
figure  on  the  bricks  a  tingle  letter,  and 
not  a  word,   or  a  coinpound  character. 
The  number  of  the  diflferent  characters, 
with   their  variations,  may  therefore  be 
rasily  ascertained.     Any  one,   however, 
who  ventures  on  the  task,  should  have  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  Chaldean  lan- 
guage, as  well  as  indefatigable  application. 
Aided  by  these  qualifications,   and  fur* 
nished  with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  speci- 
mens, he  might  undertake  the  labour  with 
Rome  prospect  of  success.     Some  of  these 
bricks  maybe  seen  in  the  British  Museum, 
as  well  as  the  inscribed  cylinders." 

Flaxfnan''t  Leeturet  on  Sculpture,  2nd 
Edition.  8ro. — This  edition  is  a  great  im- 
provement on  the  former,  possessing  an 
additional  lecture,  and  many  additions, 
with  an  address  on  the  death  of  Flaxman, 
by  8ir  R.  Westmacott.  Though  we  must 
in  truth  say  that  the  lectures  of  this  amia- 
ble and  excellent  artist  never  satisfied 
us,  either  u  to  the  curiositv  of  the  ma- 
terials or  the  philoeophy  of  the  refiections ; 
and  though  we  still  expect  some  produc- 
tion on  sculpture,  like  the  essays  on  the 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII. 


sister  art  by  Reynolds  and  Opie ;  neverthe- 
less the  student  will  find  much  worthy  of 
his  attention  in  the  history  of  the  art  as 
here  given ;  and  the  man  of  taste  will 
thankfully  listen  to  the  remarks  of  one  of 
the  most  eminent  of  modem  sculptors  on 
those  works  which  it  formed  the  study  of 
his  life  to  appreciate  and  emulate. 

Thoughti  on  Duelling  and  the  Chrietian 
Character.  1840. — We  remember  the 
time  when  duels  were  as  plenty  as  black- 
berries, every  theatre,  coffee  house,  and 
race-course  furnishing  their  heroes.  With 
the  spread  of  better  and  more  Christian 
feelings,  these  barbarous  acts  of  lawless 
and  ignorant  times  are  now  but  little 
known.  Neither  the  voice  of  society  nor 
the  majesty  of  the  law  would  now  bear  the 
ruffians  who  used  a  few  years  since  to 
bully  the  timid,  and  swagger  through  their 
time,  like  so  many  Thrasos  or  Bobadils, 
fancying  ferocity  was  courage,  and  a  quar- 
relsome disposition  the  proof  of  nianly 
spirit.  We  venture  to  say  that  in  a  few 
Tears  a  duel  will  be  so  rare  as  rarely  to  be 
heard  of;  and  even  now  we  think  that 
the  feelings  of  the  community  go  so 
together  with  the  law  of  the  country  that 
there  will  be  little  difficnltv  in  altogether 
suppressing  such  acts  of  folly,  madness, 
and  guilt,  especially  as  they  are  now  to 
rare. 

'*  — — —  numero  vix  sunt  totidem  qiiot 
Thebarum  porta,  vel  diritis  ostia  Nili.*' 


Trip  to  the  far  Weet.  By  B.  P.  Smith. 
1840.— Mr.  Smith  left  his  cottage  at 
Camberwell  to  explore  the  beauties  of 
Cornwall,  which  he  has  faithfully  and  gra- 
phically described.  His  description  of  th« 
Carcclaxe  mine  (the  only  open  tin  mine 
in  Cornwall^  and  of  St.  Michael's  Mount 
are  of  pecuhar  interest,  but  he  should  here 
have  quoted  from  Mr.  Bowles's  beautiAd 
lines  on  the  latter  place. 


Poeme,  by  John  Sterling.  1839.— 
The  Sexton'^  Daughter  is  the  chief 
poem  in  the  volume.  It  is  too  long,  and 
is  deficient  in  materials,  considering  that 
it  occupies  the  space  of  a  hundred  pagea, 
The  versification  and  verbsl  expression  are 
good,  but  the  eifect  of  the  whole  is  languid. 
We  should  say  that  the  author  should  en- 
deavour to  condense  his  thoughts,  and 
take  care  that  he  does  not  fall  Into  an 
imiUtion  of  Wordsworth.  We  think  the 
following  stanxas  well  expressed,  prodne- 
ing  the  picturesque  effect  designed. 

"  There  is  ao  old  and  costly  room  ot  state. 
With  roof  deep  groin'd  of  blaxon*d  staltMs 
and  fiowers; 

2Q 


298 


Miscellaneous  Reviews^ 


[March,. 


And  trras  rich,  with  gfold  and  silver  brig^ht, 
Hangs  round  the  walls,  and  shews  green 
forest  bowers. 
And  figures  blent  of  giant,  dwarf  and  knight, 
Of  lady  fair,  and  palfry,  hawk  and  hound. 
Amid  these  leafy  cells  the  gaze  invite : 
Invite,  yet  mock,— for  leaves  half  close  them 
round. 
In  order  set  are  works  of  regtl  price ; 
Quaint  carven  chair  ana  table,  chest  and 
lute; 
And  web  of  scarlet,  black  and  gold  device, 
Spread  o*er  the  floor,  makes  every  footstep 
mute.  [stone 

Tlie  window  shafts  and  loops  of  branching 
Are  gemmed  with  panes  of  each  imperial  hue ; 
>Vhere  saints  and  angels,  from  the  stars  new 
flown, 
AVith  streams  of  crystal    splendour   flood 
the  view,"  &c. 


SettHona  preached  at  Cambridge.  1839. 
Bjf  Henry  Melvill,  B.D.  8vo.— Mr. 
Melvill  always  writes  with  knowledge  and 
eloquence.  His  language  is  copious  and 
flovring ;  his  arguments  fairly  ^nd  forcibly 
stated,  and  he  appears  completely  free 
from  the  bias  and  prejudices  of  any  sect. 
These  Sermons,  delivered  at  Cambridge 
before  the  students,  were  printed  at  their 
desire.  The  first,  on  **  Idle  Words,*'  is 
excellent,  and  the  fifth  Sermon,  ''The 
Greater  than  Jonas,"  is  admirably  con- 
structed,  and  written  with  great  feeling. 
In  all  there  are  passages  of  superior  ele- 
gance. We  arc  very  sorry  to  find  Mr. 
Melvill  saying  in  his  advertisement — 
"  that  the  publication  called  '  The  Pulpit' 
so  injnies  bim  by  printing  his  discourses, 
as  scarcely  to  leaye  him  any  property  in 
the  produce  of  his  own  thonght  and  toil." 
This,  indeed,  is  using  the  Temple  of  God 
for  the  purposes  of  Mammon  ! 

Voyages  of  the  Dutch  Brig  Dourga 
through  the  Moluccan  Archipelago ^  Sfc, 
By  Kolff,  jun.  1840. — It  appears  that  the 
numerous  islands  lying  between  the  Mo- 
luccan and  northern  coasts  of  Australia 
have  been  but  little  known,  and  no  account 
of  them  has  been  made  public,  with  the 
exception  of  one  book.  These  islands 
were  never  visited  by  Europeans  previous 
to  1636.  The  Dutch  first  gained  posses- 
sion of  some  of  these  islands,  and  carried 
on  a  lucrative  trade  with  Japan ;  but  their 
monopoly  induced  other  nations,  as  the 
French  and  English,  to  cultivate  spices 
in  the  Isle  of  Bourbon,  and  on  the  west 
coast  of  Sumatra.  The  foundation  of 
Singapore  by  Sir  Stamford  liaffleS;  in 
181 9t  was  a  wise  measure,  formed  on 
statesman -like  views,  and  made  an  im- 
portant era  in  the  history  of  the  Indian 
Archipelago.  There  is  much  interesting 
and  entertaining  information  in  these  vo- 
lumes. It  is  a  curious  fact  in  the  distri- 
bution of  animals — *'  that  monkeys  do  not 


exist  on  the  Ki  and  Tenember  Ulaiidf,  ui 
that,  throughout  the  whole  Molooesn 
Archipelago,  they  are  only  to  be  toamd 
on  the  island  of  Batchian,  near  ttie  aonth 
end  of  Gilolo." 


Sketches  qf  a  MUttUnunry^t  TVmflr  ie 
Egypt.  By  R.  M.  Macbriar.  1839.— 
Mr.  Macbriar  is  not  a  very  learned  tra- 
Teller,  and  not  sufficiently  partieolar,  for 
our  taste,  in  his  accounts  of  objects  well 
worthy  of  remark.  His  obserTatkm  on 
the  cedar  of  Lebanon  is  a  strong  proof  of 
this  (p.  US);  but  his  yolnme  &  written 
with  ease  and  in  good  taste  and  feding, 
and  will  form  an  entertaining  companion* 
and  a  useful  one,  to  those  who  follow 
bis  footsteps.  His  account  of  tiie  Save 
Trade,  still  existing  in  nndiminJibrd 
horors  on  the  western  shores  of  Africa, 
is  very  afflicting,  and  calls  loudly  for  tlie 
strong  arm  of  national  interferenoe. 


Prince  Albert ^  and  the  House  qf  &»• 
onyj  with  a  Particular  Memoir  qf  the 
Reigning  Family  qf  Saxe-Cohmrg'Qoikm, 
By  Frederick  Shoberl,  Esq,  8vo.  (Cd- 
burn).— This  interesting  resume  of  the 
history  of  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  dis- 
tinguished families  among  the  sorereign 
houses  of  Germany,  is  at  once  well  timed 
and  well  considered,  qualities  which  are 
seldom  found  united  in  worics  the  pnhlica* 
tion  of  which  is  hastened  to  meet  aoase 
temporary  occasion.  Mr.  Shoberl  pnb- 
lished  an  "  Historical  Account  of  the 
House  of  Saxony,'*  so  long  ago  aa  the 
period  of  the  marriage  of  Prince  Leopold 
and  the  Princess  Charlotte  of  Wales :  and, 
relying  upon  the  advantages  of  hia  per- 
sonal  knowledge  of  Germany,  and  the  oat 
sources  of  information,  he  now  oomea  for- 
ward, as  he  did  then,  to  flont  away  the 
many  false,  absurd,  and  erroneons  stories, 
which  ignorance  and  misconception  na- 
turally send  abroad,  and  to  gratilV  the 
laudable  curiosity  of  the  people  of  Eng- 
land, respecting  the  <*  birth,  parentage, 
and  education*'  of  one  respecting  whom 
they  now  have  every  right  to  seek  that  sa- 
tisfaction. We  shall  not  here  quote  thoee 
passages  of  the  work  which  are  of  most 
popular  and  immediate  interest,  aa  they 
have  already  gone  the  round  of  the  daily 
papers ;  but  we  shall  content  ouvelves 
with  a  reference  to  two  or  Uiree  otiwr 
curious  points.  We  find  that  the  fint 
Albert  Duke  of  Saxony  died  in  1S60,  and 
that  the  present  Prince  Royal  of  Suooy, 
—the  first  bom  to  that  dignity  pn  1888K 
is  also  named  Albert.  FredmidL  the 
cond,  who  died  in  1483,  left  two 
his  heirs,  named,  as  the  pietent 


1840.] 


Prince  Albert  and  the  House  of  Saxony. 


299 


of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  Ernest  and  Al- 
bert, who  were  the  founders  of  two  dis- 
tinct lines,  which  still  subsist  in  the  house 
of  Saxony.  The  Albertine,  or  younger 
branch,  supplanted  the  elder  or  Ernestine 
line,  in  the  year  1547»  when  the  Elector 
John -Frederick  I.  was  taken  prisoner  by 
the  Emperor  Charles  V.  and  his  domi- 
nions declared  forfeited,  in  consequence 
of  his  firm  adherence  to  the  doctrines  of 
the  Reformation,  as  declared  in  the  Con- 
fession at  Augsburg.  From  this  memo- 
rable Elector  descend  in  the  male  line  all 
the  modem  houses  of  Saxe-Meinengen, 
Saxe- Altenburg,  and  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha; 
together  with  others  now  extinct.  The 
line  of  Saxe-Coburg,  originally  Saxe-SaAl- 
feld,  was  the  youngest  and  least  endowed 
of  all.  By  a  succession  of  fortunate  alli- 
ances its  rank  has  gradually  ad?anced ; 
and  the  extent  of  the  present  Duke*s  do- 
minions are  more  than  double  what  they 
were  before  1815,  now  comprising  795 
English  square  miles.  The  ftrst  wife  of 
the  present  Duke  (and  mother  of  his 
Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert)  was  Louisa 
Dorothea,  Princess  of  Saxe  Gotha,  niece 
to  the  last  Duke  of  the  former  House  of 
(iotha,  which  became  extinct  in  1825. 
Louisa- Dorothea  was  great-granddaugh- 
ter of  Frederick  II L  brother  to  Augusta 
Princess  of  Wales,  the  mother  of  King 
George  the  Third.  Prince  Albert  is  thus 
related  to  the  other  branches  of  the  Royal 
Family  of  Great  Britain,  as  well  as  to 
Queen  Victoria  through  his  aunt  the 
Duchess  of  Kent.  We  shall  now  make  a 
few  extracts  in  reference  to  those  who 
have  absurdly  brought  forward  Prince  Al- 
bert's descent  from  the  first  Protestant 
Elector  of  Saxony  as  a  sufficient  answer 
to  the  scruples  of  Protestant  England, 
when  she  asked  for  a  declaration  of  the 
fnith  of  the  future  Consort  of  her  Queen. 
We  will  not  exclude  what  we  find  in  p.  109, 
that  the  Elector  Frederick  Augustus  I.  the 
ancestor  of  the  present  King  of  Saxony, 
was  elected  King  of  Poland  in  1697, 
"  having  previously,  in  order  to  qualify 
himself  for   that   dignity,  exchanged  the 


Protettant  for  the  Catholic  faith,  to 
which  his  successors  have  ever  since  ad- 
hered."* He  was  of  the  Albertine  line : 
but  again,  in  p.  10*9,  we  find,  that  Fre- 
derick IV.  Duke  of  Saxe  Gotha,  (the 
great-uncle  of  Prince  Albert,)  "  in  1807 
adopted  the  Catholic  faith  in  Rome ;  ** 
and  in  p.  208, jthat  George-Frederick- Au- 
gustus, (the  uncle  of  Prince  Albert), 
*'  married  in  1816\  a  Catholic  lady, 
Marie- Antoinette  Gabrielle,  daughter  of 
Prince  Francis  von  Kohary ;  '*  and  fur- 
ther (p.  209),  that  ''As  he  became  the 
founder  of  a  Catholic  line  of  the  House 
of  Coburg,  all  his  children  having  been 
brought  up  in  that  religion,  he  was 
obliged  at  his  marriage  to  renounce,  by 
a  particular  act,  the  right  of  succession 
to  the  jMitrimonial  possessions  in  Saxony, 
on  behalf  of  himself  and  his  descendants." 
It  is  this  Prince  whose  son  has  become 
the  Consort  of  the  Queen  of  Portugal, 
and  whose  daughter's  marriage  with  the 
Due  de  Nemours  is  now  upon  the  tapii. 
Of  these  facts  some  rumours  had  reached 
the  ears  of  the  people  of  England,  and 
they  knew  that  the  Prince,  who  was  once 
the  consort  of  their  Princess  Charlotte, 
had  become  the  sovereign  of  catholic  Bel" 
gium ;  their  fears,  therefore,  were  natu- 
ral, and  they  might  fairly  claim  some  bet- 
ter assurance  than  the  appeal  to  a  genea- 
logical descent  from  a  Protestant  confes- 
sor who  flourished  three  centuries  ago. 
They  must  look  rather  to  the  educatiou 
and  personal  character  of  the  liTing  Prince. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Protestant  Uni- 
versity of  Bonn  in  Prussia ;  and  for  his 
sentiments  we  are  told  in  p.  241,  he  ''has 
often  declared  himself  prouder  of  the  dis- 
tinction'*  of  being  descended  from  the 
Elector  John-Frederick  I.  **  than  of  any 
personal  advantage  that  he  enjoys.*'  We 
trust  that  this  pride  is  founded  on  reli- 
gious conviction  ;  and  shall  now  con- 
clude by  extracting  one  of  the  many  inte- 
resting historical  anecdotes  with  which 
Mr.  Shoberl  has  diversified  his  pages. 
We  select  it  from  its  bearing  upon 
English  history,  and  the  opinions  which 


•  In  p.  185,  we  are  told,  that  Prince  Frederick-William  of  Saxe  Altenburg  **  mar- 
ried, in  18:i4,  the  Countess  of  Shrewsbury,  created  Princess  Talbot  by  the  King  of 
Bavaria."  We  find  no  notice  of  this  in  our  Englihh  Peerages  ;  but  we  presume  the 
lady  in  question  is  Elisabeth,  daughter  of  Mr.  James  Hoey  of  Dublin,  and  widow  of 
Charies  1 5th  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  who  died  in  1827.     Our  peerages  have  stated,  that 


is  an  error;  and  Mr.  Shoberl  is  more  correct.  The  present  Queen  of  Bavaria  is  a 
•ister  of  the  Prince  Frederick -William  of  Saxe  Altenburg.  Bavaria  is  a  Catholic 
state:  and  these  connexions  seem  to  intimate,  that  some  little  "popery"  has  crept 
into  /Am  house  of  Saxe  also. 


300 


Literary/  and  Scientific  tnielligence. 


[Maiek, 


foreigners  seem  to  have  entertained  of  tbe 
wialth  of  England,  even  three  centories 
ago:— • 

**  This  prince  had  the  misfortune  to 
unite  the  ambition  of  recoyering  the  do- 
minions and  dignities  of  which  his  father 
had  been  dispossessed,  with  extreme  cre- 
dulity ;  quahties  which  rendered  him  an 
easy  dnpe  to  designing  persons,  and  finally 
occasioned  the  loss  of  his  states  and  his 
liberty.  Thus  we  find,  that  he  was  selected 
in  1558,  by  a  female  adyenturer,  who  pre- 
tended to  be  his  aunt,  Anne  of  Cleves, 
the  divorced  wife  of  Henry  VIII.  of 
England,  as  a  fit  subject  for  her  imposi- 
tions. She  pretended,  that  the  report  of 
the  death  of  the  princess,  whom  she  per- 
sonated, was  false ;  and  that  she  nad 
escaped  to  the  Continent  with  prodigious 
wealth  in  money  and  jewels,  among  which 
were  the  Crown  jewels  of  England,  a 
great  part  of  which  treasures  she  pro- 
mised to  the  Duke  and  his  brothers. 
After  she  had  thus  amused  him  for  a 
year  and  a  half,  the  accounts  which 
reached  him  from  various  quarters  ex- 


cited suspicion ;  the  pretended  ChiMB  u* 
derwent  various  ezaminatioiit,  ia  each  of 
which  she  told  a  different  story  Tt&p^tft' 
ing  her  origin  and  cironmstanoea.  At 
length  she  was  led  to  the  scaMd,  at  if 
for  execution,  and  there  fdlettnhr  de- 
clared, that  she  was  an  illegitimate  omgli- 
ter  of  the  Duke  of  Cleves.  Tho  tuSOf 
of  the  latter,  however,  denied  all  knoir- 
ledge  of  the  fact;  and  one  John  iron 
Fro^mont,  in  a  letter  to  the  aenalo  of 
Nfiremberg,  whom  she  had  aoBeitod  to 
take  charge  of  part  of  her  treamiroay  aayi 
that,  after  great  trouble,  she  was  at  length 
brought  to  confess,  that  she  waa  tha 
daughter  of  a  count,  and  had  been  wait- 
ing-woman to  Queen  Anne,  wboae  aeal 
and  other  valuables  she  had  ooiitrlyod  to 
secure  after  her  death;  that,  moreovor» 
she  had  been  mistress  to  Henry  VIII. 
and  the  principal  cause  of  his  aeparatioB 
from  the  Queen.  She  was  doomed  to 
solitary  imprisonment;  but  whether  death 
released  her  from  it,  or  she  was  eat  at 
liberty  after  the  deposition  of  John  Fro* 
derick,  is  not  Imown.*' 


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tains,  with  Maps.  Edited  by  Geo.  Lloyd. 
2  vols.  8vo.  21#. 

Social  Life  in  Germany.  Bj  Mrt* 
Jameson.     2  vols.  8vo.  21t. 

A  Pilgrimage  to  Palestine.  By  M.  F. 
DE  Geramb,  Monk  of  La  Tnqipe.  3  vola. 
post  8vo.  with  Illustrations.    SU. 

A  Winter  in  Iceland  and  Lapland.  By 
the  Hon.  Arthur  Dillon.  2  vols,  post 
8vo.  21«. 

The  History  and  Antiquities  of  Ui« 
County  Palatine  of  Durham.  By  ROBBftT 
SuRTEES,  esq.  of  Mainsforthf  F.SJk* 
With  a  Memoir  of  the  Author}  bjr 
George  Taylor,  esq.  of  Wition-W. 
AVear.  Vol.  IV.  fol.  6/.  6t.  large  pi^tt 
10/.  lOff. 

Southwold  and  ita  Vidiiitr.  By  R. 
Wak£.    8vo.  lOf.  ^d. 


1840.] 


Literary  and  SctaUifie  InMUgente. 


301 


Divinity. 


The  History  of  Christianity,  from  the 
Birth  of  Christ  to  the  Extinction  of  Pa- 
ranism  in  the  Roman  Empire.  By  the 
RcT.  H.  H.  MiLMAN.     3  ToU.  8to.  36*. 

Discourses  on  Special  Occasions  by 
the  late  Rev.  Robket  S.  M'All,  LL.D. 
With  a  Sketch  of  his  Life  and  Character, 
by  the  Rev.  Ralph  Waedlaw,  D.D. 
■3  large  vols.  8vo.  24*. 

Carmichabl  on  the  Scriptures.  2  vols. 

8vo.  2U. 

Discourses  on  the  Prophecies.  By 
J.  H.  Todd.     8vo.  14*. 

The  Primitive  Doctrine  of  Regenera- 
tion ;  sought  for  in  Holy  Scripture,  and 
investigated  through  the  medium  of  writ- 
ten documents  of  Ecclesiastical  Anti- 
cjuity.  By  George  Stanley  Faber, 
B.D.     8vo.  10#.  6d 

Sermons;  byC.F.CHiLDE.  8vo.  10f.6({. 

Eight  Sermons  on  the  Eleventh  Chap- 
ter of  St.  Matthew's  Gospel.  By  the 
late  E.T.  Vauohan,  M.A-  Vicar  of  St. 
Martin's,  Leicester.    8vo.  7t.  Sd. 

A  Dissertation  on  our  Saviour's  Dis- 
course, touching  the  Destruction  of  the 
Temple,  and  the  End  of  the  World.  By 
the  Rev.  John  Stonard,  D.D.  Rector 
of  Aldineham,  Lancashire.     8vo.  6«.  6d, 

The  Clergyman's  Parish  Book  ;  or,  the 
Vineyard  in  Order.  By  the  Rev.  Charles 
B.  Taylkr,  M.A.  Rector  of  St.  Peter's, 
Chester.     Post  4to.  6#. 

Joys  of  Heaven.  By  a  Layman.  ISmo. 
4*.  Gd. 

Dramatic  Litiratttre. 

Mlddleton*s  Works.  Edited  by  the  Rev. 
A.  DvcE.     5  vols,  post  8vo.  42*. 

A  brief  View  of  the  English  Drama, 
from  the  earliest  Period  to  the  present 
Time  ;  with  Suggestions  for  Elevating 
the  present  Sute  of  the  Art,  and  improv- 
ing the  Condition  of  its  Professors.  By 
P.  G.  Tomlins.     Fcap.  8vo.  4#. 

On  Stage  Effect.  By  E.  Mahew.  8vo. 
2#.  Grf. 

Poetry, 

Aird'h   Othuriel,   and    other  Poems. 

Troughton'h  Nina  Sforaa ;  a  Tra- 
gedy.    Pvo.  4«.  Cd, 

The  Angeiicon  :  a  Gallery  of  Sonnets 
on  the  Divine  Attribates,  the  Passions, 
the  Graces,  and  the  Virtues.  By  the 
Rev.  H.  D.  Ryder,  M.A.  Ute  of  Grid 
College,  Oiford.     3#.  bd. 

Soop  of  Home,  with  Hluftrations,  by 
Mkadowb.     18mo.  3*.  6d, 

Notelt  and  7Vi/e#. 

The  Csar,  a  Romaact  of  Uiatory.  3  voli. 
post  8vo.  31#.  M. 


Records  of  Real  Life.    ByMiiaPiGor. 
3  vols,  post  8vo.  31*.  Sd. 

Fitiwiggins.  By  the  Author  of  *'  Syden- 
ham."     3  vols,  post  8vo.  31*.  6d. 

Lady  Jane  Grey,  by  Millsr.     3  vols. 
post  8vo.  31*.  6d, 

Cousin  Geoffrey,  edited  by  Theodore 
Hook.    3  vols,  post  8vo.  31*.  6d, 

The  Real  and  the  Ideal.    2  vols,  pott 
8vo.  21*. 

Saucy  Jack  and  die  Indiaman.    2  Tolt. 
fcap.  18*. 

Montacate,  or  a  New  Home.  Bj  Mn. 
M.  Clavbrs.    2  vols,  post  8vo.  16*. 

Confessions  of  Harry  Lorrtquer.  8vo. 
12*. 

Ingoldsby  Legends,  or  Mirth  and  Morals* 
postf8vo.  10*.  6d. 

Holme  Park,  a  Tale.  By  Mary  Jane 
Shield.  ISmo.  4*. 

Natural  JTutary. 

Illustrations  of  the  Breed  of  the  Do- 
mestic Animals  of  the  British  Islands. 
By  David  Low,  F.R.S.E.  Part  I.  4to. 
21*.  coloured. 

Newman's  British  Ferns,  with  Illus- 
trations.   8to.  10*. 

A  Treatise  on  the  Insects  ii^nrious  to 
the  Gardener,  Forester,  and  Farmer. 
Translated  from  the  German  of  M.  Kol* 
LAR,  with  Notes  by  J.  O.  Wrrtwood, 
esq.   fcap.  8vo.  7*. 

The  History  of  Bees.  ( Jardine's  Natur- 
alist's Library,  vol.  xzvx.)    Sm.  8vo.  6i. 

The  Young  Naturalist's  Journal ;  or, 
the  Travels  of  Agnes  Merton  and  her 
Mamma.  By  Mrs.  Loudon.  With  S3 
engravings.    4*. 

Science. 

A  Manual  of  Geology ;  with  a  OIoHtry 
and  Index.  By  William  Macoilli* 
VRAY,  M.A.,  F.R.S.E.  &e.  ftc.  8to. 
4*.  6</. 

Recreations  in  Astronomy.  By  the 
Rev.  Lewis  Tomlinson,  M.A.  With 
many  Illustrations.     4*.  6d, 

Law. 

An  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Law  of 
Copyright;  with  Remarks  on  Serjeant 
Talfoard's  proposed  Bill,  and  an  Appen- 
dix containing  the  Law  of  Copyright  in 
Foreign  Countries.  Bv  John  Lowndes, 
esq.  &[  the  Inner  Temple,  Special  Pleader. 
5*. 

The  Practice  of  the  Superior  Conrtg  of 
Law  at  Westminster.  By  Rorert  Lvta, 
esq.  of  Gray's  Inn,  Special  Pleader.  1  toL 
8vo.  Part  I.  15*. 

Medieim. 

Aphorisms  on  the  Treatment  and  ICa* 
ARgmnentofthelaftne;  wiOiCon^brt* 


30> 


Lilfrary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


[Manfa. 


ttani  OD  Public  nnJ  Privnte  Lunatic  ktj- 
loin*.  poindiig  out  the  Errnm  in  the  pre- 
Knt  SfMem.  B;  J.  G.  Millingen.M.D. 
l^mo.  it.  6d. 
On  the  Use  of  Mercury.     By  G.  G. 

SiCMOND,  M.D.     4(. 

DUiianariet. 

GxtKk  and  English  Leiicon  to  the  Nen" 
ToUment.  By  the  Rev.  S.  T.  Bloom- 
riiLD,  D.D.  F.S.A.     1  rol.  fcp.  Bvo.  !>i. 

A  DictioDuy,  Geogra]ihiaU,  Statistical, 
■od  Historical,  of  the  variona  Countries, 
Place*,  and  Priuripal  natural  Objects  in 
the  World.  By  J.  R.  M'Culloch.  esq. 
Put  I.  Hto.  (to  be  continued  Monthly). 


/M.  .!.  The  annual  general  meeting  of 
tk  Abbotsford  I'lub  wu  held  irithin  the 
Hall  of  the  Society  of  .Vntiquaries  of 
SScotland.  Daiid  Irring,  esq.  LL.D.  in  the 
duir.  The  works  issued  since  last  aODuul 
■Mcling  were  laid  on  tlie  Uble,  viz.  :— 

I.  "  Inrpntaire  (.'faronologinue  des  Do- 
cuaMBS  relalifs  i  I'Mistaire  d'kcoiie  con- 

l^-nfl.  IMnted  by  the  Club.  ^Sce  our 
^^Mvnbcr  Magazine,  p.  ^'^7.) 

U.  "  llaridU  Humii  de  Paoiilia  Humia 
W«iU^rburneD!i  Liber."  I  toI.  Presented 
ly  John  MiUer.  e»^.  M.D. 

111.  '■  SelectioDi  from  the  Registers  of 
liM  Pnobytery  of  Lanark.  I6'J3-1;09." 
'  koi.  ftesented  bv  John  Robertson,  esq. 

rSe  JWKts  of  the  Anglo-Norman  Ro- 
—  — -~-  ji'  "  Fregus,"  and  of  Ihc  "  Tulli- 
'^xiliM  l?k(>en.'  *  about  lo  be  issued  by  the 
1.  ;«o>  '*erv  rihibiled  by  (he  Bccretarr. 
.  :iaiitlMiui>us  verr  announced  as  in  i>re- 
-4t*iii>u  i»  Juhn  Payne  Collier,  esq.  and 
tt^te'.  .'ituHsMorton.  B.l>.  i  andsercral 

«M*  -vwilted  fiT    iviisideratiun  to  the 


,  'ai<UD|i  Scid  in  (he  Rorat  Hotel  at 
„,i    f^  ;lie    'Jni  of  Dei-ember,  the 

■kW  Maw  a  HKiMy.  >u  be  called  the 
M^Av^hB  tat  TtiMuig  the  Histori- 
^^l^Ml^  IbfugnjAical.  <.<e 


tk  of  tbe  North- 


such  reprints  dedrtble.  Tbe  anaonl  cab- 
scrlption  ts  filed  at  one  gnines.  Wb  art 
informed  that  the  number  of  lODmeiiiben, 
lo  which  it  was  originally  proptNcd  to  lliiit 
tlie  society,  ii  now  filled  up  ;  bnt  that  It  ii 
cipected  that  the  number  will  be  ii 
lo  .'.'K). 


The  Report  of  the  Council  of  thii  Inti- 
tution,  issued  at  the  close  tj  ilB  twcntjr- 
first  year,  annonncea  their  dUliUnafclB  of 
the  Premiums  placed  at  their  ^^Ttr1^t«l  ty  Ac 
munificence  of  the  late  President.  To  Mr. 
Jones  a  Telford  Medal  in  SUto  and  TarcUy 
Guineas  for  a  description  of  theWtstuB- 
>ter  Sewerage.  This  laborioni  commnni- 
catLon  forms  a  record  which  ia  nearij  Vt- 
paralleled,  and  which  must beof  gnat  «■!•£ 
as  a  source  of  information  in  all  fatan 
works  of  this  nature,  when  other,  and  par- 
ticularly foreign,  cities  carry  ialo  (Aet  a 
system  of  drainage,  in  which  the;  aic  at 
present  so  deficient.  The  lame  prenunm 
has  been  awarded  to  Mr.  Wood  for  a  paper 
on  Warming  and  '^'e[1tilating.  This  com- 
municattoD  contains  a  detailed  acconnt  of 
the  principles  on  which  the  aalnbritr  of  tta 
atmosphere  in  crowded  roonu  depeadi, 
and  the  virions  methods  which  hare  beat 
adopted  for  wamingandTCntUation.    Thia 

ibject  is  of  the  highest  importance  lo  (he 
'    '     '  ho  are  compiled  to 

IS  at  high  temper  ■- 


Peal   Resin  Fuel ; 
for   his 

Engines;— a  Telford  Medal  in  Brante, 
and  Books  to  the  value  of  three  aniiiiBa. 
to  Mr.  R.  W.  SlylDc,  for  hii  eommuuea- 
tiuii  on  the  Well  anak  at  the  reaeiTBiT  of 
the  New  River  Company  at  the  HaBp- 
sCead  [toad:  to  lieul.  Pidlock,  for  hU 
drawing  and  description  of  the  Coffra 
Dam  at  Westminster  Bridge;  and  to  Mr. 
Redman,  for  his  drawingi  and  aoeonnt  of 
Bow  Bridge. 


laCoancU     the  InatitBlc. 


\ 


1640 .]  LiUrny  and  Scient^e  JnielUgntte.  303 

put  together.    It  wu  bailt  47S  -jan  be-  trmeed  to  tbdr  oricin   tn  natnn.     Po|ie 

fore  Chrilt,  ind  iru  datrajred    b;  the  had  rightlj  lud,     "  Tnu  ut  u  natore  to 

Turhi  ID  llitl4  or  ItitU,  in  ordrr  that  the;  adTUitagc  dreued."     How  far  good  tutu 

ini^ht  conitnict  batteriei  on  Iti  rite.  had  been  Impeded  b;  the  introdnstion  of 

Mr,  DonaldMHi  read  a  memoir  of  Am-  the  Arabetque  decoimtioni  m*  nncer'  ' 

manatti  the  irehitaet  of  the  brtd^  dWIa  the   writer  himtelf  tho^it,  ttOt   ■ 

Santa  TrinilatX  Florence.     RelatiTe  to  althoashbath  TibwiuaadPUn^i 

the  form  of  the  archei  of  thii  bridge  there  the   i 
hai  been  much  diipnte  ;  Mr.  Douldioa 

wu  of  opinion,  from  twoai^     "  " 


hoBsh  both  TitrvrlBautd  PUnjaniMpt 
9  ancient*  h*d  proteMed  •ntut  ttair 
t.    The  deeoratiani  in  Um  VMieaa  w«r> 


lade  by  him,  that  they  were  pointed  Moa,  hia  Oirectioti  by  Uf  diidple  Qinllo  RoMWM 

whaterer  might  have  been  their  form  be-  and  othera.    The  one  weetinc  mind  «w 

fore  the  aettlement  of  tbe  itrnetare.  clearif  viaiUe,  but  the  detaila  had  boaa 

Mention   wai  made  of  two  important  eridentlj  filled  op  b;  the  lenml  ttVUa 

building!  in  Denmark  aicribed  to  Inigo  emplojed.    Qnatrem^re  de  Qainer  wM  of 

Jonea.  opmion  that  the  icnlptBrei  of  tha  Fmt- 

Jan.  SO.    Mr.  O.  Baaetri  in  thedi«lr.  thanon  wen  eieented  i 

A  letter  wai  read  from  M.  Biand,  corre*-  Phidiaa  himaetf  bdn^ 

ponding  member,  toschinr  hii  reiearchet  While  on  thia  nbje 

al   Pceatam.     Mr.  C.  J.  Bichaidaon  pre-  one  remark  widi  r^ard  to  the  i 

lented  tome  drawing*  of  a  itaircaae  in  itate  of  decor«dve  art  in  B    ' 

Maiden  Lanp  detigned    by   Inigo  Jonea.  true  artiit  li  now  addoM  ew, 

Mr.  George  Godwin,  jnn.  read  a  comma-  holateren  and  pq)er-hangen,   \               _ 

nicatianaccompanjingacopyofCberranl't  capital  and  the   cooUanee  of  Ae  tidi^ 

work  "  Dt  la  lai  (hi  Omlraiti  timnltanf  have  ncceeded  in  obtaining  alnwat  a- 

</«  Con/ran, "  directing  the  attention  of  cloriire  Influeneeorer  brtemaldaeomtiaM: 

the  luititnte  to  the  inbject.    Mr.  John  the  arahitect  la  no  longer  cODnltMl,  wmt 

Crake  wai  elected  Fellow,  and  Mr.  A.  F.  tbe  reanlt  ia,  aa  might  be  fap»eUJ,  aoM 

Aabton,  Aiaociate.  diaaitroni  to  art. 

An  eiuj  on  the  hiitorj  of  Greoo-Rui-  ■ 

■ian  Eecleaititicil  archltectare,  Ulnatratcd  The  Rojal  Botanic  Society  of  haadtm 

by  eiamplet  and  an  original  deaign,  by  have  offerad  a  praminm  of  SO  ninM*  far 

llerr  HaUmann,  architect,  Atom  Hanorer,  die  beat  dealgn  for  Ujing  ont  Oa  groaada 

wai  then  read.    Tracing  the  pTontH  of  oftha  aodetr  In  tbe  Inner  drdo  of  Iha 

architecture  in  Ruiala  frM  the  and  of  tbo  Rmnt'i  VtJk. 

tenth  century  (at  which  dmaVJadlBir  the  The    Committee  of  the    BiWih   i^ 

Great  waa  Emperor,)  the  pajMT  condnded  Foreign  School  Society  have  atao  oAnd 

with    an   intereating   eompeiiaon  of  the  a  pniunm  of  50/.  and  a  •aoODd  «f  ttf. 

chnrchea  of  the  Eaat,  thoae  of  HnHia,  and  for  dealgnf  tvr  a  New  Nonaal   Sdioel 

of  tbe  Wat.  BitabUihrnent. 

Ftb.  3.   Mr.    Hamilton   in    the  chair.  ■ 

Amongtt  other  donationi  Mr.  C>  H.  Snith  oxronn  aftCHiTtcn&AL  MWizrr. 

ttraented  a  Talnable  aerieaof  ipedmana  of  Hi.  1!.  A  very  intnrertlBi  ■"■■"■*- 

ailding  itonea,  moetly  eollactad  dnrlng  caUonwaarMd&tmtlMBaTrMr.TBdtH', 

the  late  jonmey  of  Inquiry  ooncenlnf  formerly  of  Corpu  ChHati  Colkn,  aav 

•tone  for  thenew  honietof  parHoment.  a  MlHJonary  at  Madru,  ninllillTln  flW 

A  paper  waa  read  on  Anbeaqne  decora.  Society,  In  tbe  name  of  i^  Ch«rch  !■ 

tiona,  with  eapedal  rebrcBoe  to  thoea  of  India,  tofnraiahdcilgultaraiTMalparfA 

tbe  Vatican,  by  Mr.  Ambtoae  Foyater.  ehnrohei,  and  drawtnga  of  datadb,  wUha 

The  writer,  remarked  the  aitiit,  ahovU  tiew  to  tbe  IntrodactiOB  of  OoOte  AiiU* 

aDda*>o«r,notMerelytooointhaaneiaBta,  taotnrelnto  India,  end  datlafltMt  bo  ■«• 

btrttathlBkUkethemiinordertodowUch  than  d^poridi  diarehaa  ■     '- 


dpiMwUA 
deWirfMd 


neoMMry  to  tnraatlgate  the  prin-     diate  contamplatian    In    the  Be  ewe   of 


•etnatedllMmsandkevlag     Medrai  done.    A  letter*        ._. 

"      fcrgaldea.     Dmn  Mr.  Hnaaeyof Blralngfcaa.nllMi. 


to  cflteli  rerniinninllaa  tbt  Ow 

[a  ahonM  be  Hthogr^M,  ead  tet 

~-     tM  Mdety  iboold  remaet  tte  aid  of  tto 

■     Meada  of  tbe  Chnreh  b  India  not  ralv  fai 

—     (Mbrd.  bat    in    CaabtUn   wd    dtkat 

*    y*—"'  *"—'**; aewyMMMt «f m 


302 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


[March« 


tions  on  Public  and  Private  Lunatic  Asy- 
lums, pointing  out  the  Errors  in  the  pre- 
sent System.  By  J.  G.  Millingen,  M.D. 
18mo.  48.  6d. 
On  the  Use  of  Mercury.     By  G.  G. 

SiGMOND,  M.D.     48. 

Dictionaries, 

Greek  and  English  Lexicon  to  the  New 
Testament.  By  the  Rev.  S.  T.  Bloom- 
riBLD,  D.D.  F.S.A.     1  vol.  fcp.  8vo.  9«. 

A  Dictionary,  Geographical,  Statistical, 
and  Historical,  of  the  various  Countries, 
Places,  and  Principal  natural  Objects  in 
the  World.  By  J.  R.  M'Culloch,  esq. 
Parti.  8vo.  (to  be  continued  Monthly). 
5«. 


ABBOTSFORD    CLUB. 

Feb,  3.  The  annual  general  meeting  of 
the  Abbotsford  Club  was  held  within  the 
Hall  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of 
Scotland,  David  Irving,  esq.  LL.D.  in  the 
chair.  The  works  issued  since  last  annual 
meeting  were  laid  on  the  table,  viz. : — 

I.  *'  Inventaire  Chronologique  des  Do- 
cumens  relatifs  k  THistoire  d*Ecosse  con- 
aery^  aux  Archives  du  Royaume  li  Paris." 
l(vol.  Printed  by  the  Club.  (See  our 
September  Magazine,  p.  !i^87.) 

II.  "  Davidis  Humii  de  Familia  Humia 
Wedderburnensi  Liber.*'  1  vol.  Presented 
by  John  Miller,  esq.  M.D. 

III.  ''  Selections  from  the  Registers  of 
the  Presbytery  of  Lanark,  1623-1709." 
1  vol.  Presented  by  John  Robertson,  esq. 

The  sheets  of  the  Anglo-Norman  Ro- 
mance of  **  Fregus,"  and  of  the  "  TuUi- 
bardine  Papers,"  about  to  be  issued  by  the 
Club,  were  exhibited  by  the  secretary. 
Contributions  were  announced  as  in  pre- 
paration by  John  Payne  Collier,  esq.  and 
the  Rev.  James  Morton,  B.D. ;  and  several 
manuscripts  of  interest  and  importance 
were  remitted  for  consideration  to  the 
council. 


THE  SPALDING  CLUB. 

At  a  meeting  held  in  the  Royal  Hotel  at 
Aberdeen,  on  the  23rd  of  December,  the 
Hon.  the  Lord  Provost  in  the  chair,  it  was 
resolved  to  form  a  society,  to  be  called  the 
Spalding  Club  for  Printing  the  Histori- 
cal, Ecclesiastical,  Topographical,  Genea- 
logical, and  Literary  remains  of  the  North - 
Eastern  Counties  of  Scotland.  The  Earl  of 
Aberdeen  was  elected  President,  Viscount 
Arbuthnott,  Vice-President ;  and  a  Council 
of  thirty -one  nominated ;  of  whom  John 
Stuart,  esq.  Advocate,  was  elected  Secre- 
tary, and  John  Blaikic,  esq.  Advocate, 
Treasurer.  The  objects  of  the  Club  are 
defined  to  be  the  printing  of  inedited  ma- 
nuscripts, and  the  reprinting  of  works  of 
mfficient  rarity  and  importance  to  make 


such  reprints  desirable.  The  annual  mb- 
scription  is  fixed  at  one  g^oinea.  We  are 
informed  that  the  number  of  SOOmemberiy 
to  which  it  was  originally  proposed  to  limit 
the  society,  is  now  filled  up  ;  but  that  it  ii 
expected  that  the  number  will  be  ii 
to  500. 


INSTITUTION  OF  CIVIL  BNGINBBKt. 

The  Report  of  the  Conncil  of  this  Insti- 
tution, issued  at  the  close  of  its  twenty- 
first  year,  announces  their  distribation  of 
the  Premiums  placed  at  their  disposal  by  the 
munificence  of  the  late  President.  To  Mr. 
Jones  a  Telford  Medal  in  Silver  and  Twenty 
Guineas  for  a  description  of  the  Westmin- 
ster Sewerage.  This  laborious  communi- 
cation forms  a  record  which  is  nearly  un- 
paralleled, and  which  must beof  great  Tslue 
as  a  source  of  information  in  all  feturs 
works  of  this  nature,  when  other,  and  par- 
ticularly foreign,  cities  carry  into  effect  a 
system  of  drainage,  in  which  they  are  at 
present  so  deficient.  The  same  premium 
has  been  awarded  to  Mr.  Wood  for  a  paper 
on  Warming  and  Ventilating,  lliis  com- 
munication contains  a  detailed  account  of 
the  principles  on  which  the  salubrity  of  tiie 
atmosphere  in  crowded  rooms  depends, 
and  the  various  methods  which  hare  been 
adopted  for  warming  and  ventilation.  This 
subject  is  of  the  highest  importance  to  the 
manufacturing  poor,  who  are  compelled  to 
work  in  crowded  rooms  at  high  tempera- 
tures. 

The  Council  have  also  awarded  a  TeUbrd 
Medal  in  Silver  to  Charles  Wye  Williams, 
for  his  communication  on  the  Properties, 
Uses,  and  Manufacture  of  Turf  Coke  and 
Peat  Resin  Fuel ;  and  to  Mr.  E.  Wooda, 
for  his  communication  on  Looomotire 
Engines ; — a  Telford  Medal  in  Bronie, 
and  Books  to  the  value  of  three  gumcas. 
to  Mr.  R.  W.  Mylne,  for  his  communica- 
tion on  the  Well  sunk  at  the  reaemnr  of 
the  New  River  Company  at  the  Hamp- 
stead  Road;  to  Lieut.  Pollock,  for  his 
drawings  and  description  of  the  Coffre 
Dam  at  Westminster  Bridge ;  and  to  Mr. 
Redman,  for  his  drawings  and  account  of 
Bow  Bridge. 


ROYAL  INSTITUTE  OF  BBIT18H 
ARCHITECTS. 

Jan.  G.  Mr.  Chawner  in  the  ehnir. 
Mr.  James  Pennethome  was  elected  Fel- 
low, and  Mr.  James  Bell  an  Asaoeiate  of 
the  Institute.  A  paper  was  read  by  Mr. 
Edward  T Anson  on  the  Temple  of  ViC' 
tory  Apteros  at  Athens;  and  Tarioua 
drawings  were  exhibited  illustratiTe  of  its 
state  of  restoration  in  the  spring  of  1836. 
The  foundations  of  this  temple  were  lirst 
cleared  in  1835  :  since  when  all  the  fkng- 
ments  have  been  carcfnlly  coltocMaai 


1840  .] 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


303 


put  together.  It  wag  built  472  years  be- 
fore Christ,  and  was  destroyed  by  the 
Turks  iu  1G84  or  IGBo,  in  order  that  they 
might  construct  batteries  on  its  site. 

Mr.  Donaldson  read  a  memoir  of  Am- 
manatti  the  architect  of  the  bridge  delta 
Santa  TYinita  at  Florence.  Relatiye  to 
the  form  of  the  arches  of  this  bridge  there 
has  been  much  dispute ;  Mr.  Donaldson 
was  of  opinion,  from  two  admeasurements 
made  by  him,  that  they  were  pointed  tion', 
whatever  might  have  been  their  form  be- 
fore the  settlement  of  the  structure. 

Mention  was  made  of  two  important 
buildings  in  Denmark  ascribed  to  Inigo 
Jones. 

Jan.  20.  Mr.  G.  Baseri  in  the  chair. 
A  letter  was  read  from  M.  Bianci,  corres- 
ponding member,  touching  his  researches 
at  Poestum.  Mr.  C.  J.  Richardson  pre- 
sented some  drawings  of  a  staircase  in 
Maiden  Lane  designed  by  Inigo  Jones. 
Mr.  George  Godwin,  jun.  read  a  commu- 
nication accompanying  a  copyof  ChevreuPs 
work  "  De  la  lot  du  Contraite  nmultanv 
den  Coitleurif*'  directing  the  attention  of 
the  Institute  to  the  subject.  Mr.  John 
Crake  was  elected  Fellow,  and  Mr.  A.  F. 
Ashton,  Associate. 

An  essay  on  the  history  of  Greco-Rus- 
sian Ecclesiastical  architecture,  illustrated 
by  examples  and  an  original  design,  by 
llerr  llallmann,  architect,  from  Hanover, 
was  then  read.  Tracing  the  progrAs  of 
architecture  in  Russia  from  the  end  of  the 
tenth  century  (at  which  time  Vladimir  the 
(ireat  was  Emperor,)  the  paper  concluded 
with  an  interesting  comparison  of  the 
churches  of  the  East,  those  of  Russia,  and 
of  the  West. 

Feb.  3.  Mr.  Hamilton  in  the  chair. 
Amongst  other  donations  Mr.  C.  II.  Smith 
presented  a  valuable  series  of  specimens  of 
building  stones,  mostly  collected  during 
the  late  journey  of  inquiry  concerning 
stone  for  the  new  houses  of  parliament. 

A  paper  was  read  on  Arabesque  decora- 
tions, with  especial  reference  to  those  of 
the  Vatican,  by  Mr.  Ambrose  Poynter. 
The  writer,  remarked  the  artist,  should 
endeavour,  not  merely  to  copy  the  ancients, 
but  to  think  like  them  :  in  order  to  do  which 
it  was  necessary  to  investigate  the  prin- 
ciples which  had  actuated  them ;  and  having 
determined  these,  to  take  them  for  guides. 
In  pursuing  thin  investigation  we  should 
find  that  nature  was  the  great  source  of 
their  inspiration.  In  their  ornaments 
both  the  animal  and  vegetable  kingdom 
were  largely  drawn  upon,  and  in  the  first 
instance  the  objects  represented  were  ac- 
curately drawn ;  they  afterwards  degene- 
rated, odd  combinations  arose,  and  a  cer- 
tain number  of  conventioiial  forms  grew 
out  of  them,  all  of  which  however  may  be 


traced  to  their  origin  in  nature.  Pope 
had  rightly  said,  "  True  art  is  nature  to 
advantage  dressed.**  How  far  good  taste 
had  been  impeded  by  the  introduction  of 
the  Arabesque  decorations  was  uncertain — 
the  writer  himself  thought,  not  at  all; 
although  both  Vitruvius  and  Pliny  amongst 
the  ancients  had  protested  against  their 
use.  The  decorations  in  the  Vatican  were 
designed  by  Raffaelle,  and  executed  under 
his  direction  by  his  disciple  Giulio  Romano 
and  others.  The  one  directing  mind  was 
clearly  visible,  but  the  details  had  been 
evidently  filled  up  by  the  several  artiata 
employed.  Quatrem^re  de  Qnincy  was  of 
opinion  that  the  sculptures  of  the  Par- 
thenon were  executed  in  a  similar  manner, 
Phidias  himself  being  the  chief  director. 
While  on  this  subject  we  would  make 
one  remark  with  regard  to  the  present 
state  of  decorative  art  in  England.  The 
true  artist  is  now  seldom  employed.  Up- 
holsterers and  paper-hangers,  possessinf 
capital  and  the  confidence  of  the  rich, 
have  succeeded  in  obtaining  almost  ex- 
clusive influence  over  internal  decorations : 
the  architect  is  no  longer  consoltod,  and 
the  result  is,  as  might  be  expected,  most 
disastrous  to  ai^. 


The  Royal  Botanic  Society  of  London 
have  offered  a  premium  of  50  guineas  for 
the  best  design  for  laying  out  the  grounds 
of  the  society  in  the  inner  circle  of  tho 
Regent's  Park. 

The  Committee  of  the  British  and 
Foreign  School  Society  have  also  offered 
a  premium  of  50/.  and  a  second  of  SSI. 
for  designs  for  a  New  Normal  School 
Establishment. 


OXFORD  ARCHITECTURAL  SOCIXTT. 

Feb.  I'i.  A  very  interestinr  commvBi- 
cation  was  read  from  the  Rev.  Mr.  Tndcer, 
formerly  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  now 
a  Missionary  at  Madras,  reqoesting  tlie 
Society,  in  the  name  of  the  Chnrdi  in 
India,  to  furnish  designs  for  several  parish 
churches,  and  drawings  of  details,  with  a 
view  to  the  introduction  of  Gothic  Ardil- 
tecture  into  India,  and  stating  that  no  leia 
than  eight  parish  churches  are  in  imme- 
diate contemplation  in  the  diocese  of 
Madras  alone.  A  letter  was  also  read 
from  Mr.  Hussey  of  Birmingham,  a  Mem- 
ber of  the  Society  whose  advice  had  been 
requested  by  the  Committee,  containinf 
some  useful  suggestions  for  carrying  this 
plan  into  effect ;  recommending  that  the 
drawings  should  be  lithographed,  and  that 
the  Society  should  request  the  aid  of  the 
friends  of  the  Church  in  India  not  only  in 
Oxford,  but  in  Cambridge  and  other 
places,  towards  the  accomplishment  of  10 
important  an  object* 


S04 
ANTiaUARIAN  RESEA&CHES. 


80CXBTY  OP  ANTXftUARIVS. 

Feb.  6.  John  Gage  Rokewode,  esq. 
Director,  in  the  chair. 

Thomaa  Baylis,  esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a 
very  beautiful  silver  reliquary.  It  is  spiral 
in  ihape,  and  stands  about  18  inches  high. 
Its  design  comprises  three  architectural 
■toriet,  or  tiers  of  niches,  containing  gilt 
figures  of  the  Rood  and  sixteen  Saints. 
Its  other  ornaments  are  demi -angels,  long 
projecting  gargoiles,  arched  tracery, 
crockets,  &c. 

J.  O.  Halliwell,  esq.  F.S.A.  commu- 
nicated an  impression  of  a  seal  recently 
found  at  Cambridge.  It  is  of  a  small  oval 
form.  Its  centre  is  occupied  by  a  shield, 
charged  with  a  cross  ragulde,  surmount- 
ed by  the  instruments  of  the  Passion, 
combined  saltirewise ;  and  below  in  a 
niche  is  a  figure  kneeling  in  prayer. 
The  legend,  ^  0icani  CujStotii/  Can- 
taibrigie.  The  period  of  the  workman- 
ship is  the  latter  part  of  the  14th  century  ; 
but  who  the  Ouios  Caniabrigite  was  hieus 
not  been  ascertained. 

The  remainder  was  read  of  Mr.  God- 
win's letter  on  the  Ecclesiastical  Architec- 
ture of  Normandy,  relating  to  Coutances, 
Falaise,  &c. 

The  RcT.  C.  H.  Hartohome,  F.S.A. 
communicated  a  very  complete  architec- 
tural description  of  the  Norman  castle  of 
Orford  in  Suffolk,  with  conjectures  upon 
the  destinations  to  which  the  several 
eiisting  parts  of  the  building  were  as- 
signed ;  accompanied  by  a  large  plan,  and 
several  views.  This  was  partly  read,  and 
the  remainder  postponed. 

Feb,  13.  Thomas  Amyot,  esq.  Trea- 
surer,  in  the  chair. 

John  Buckler,  esq.  F.S.A.  presented  a 
drawing  of  the  intenor  of  the  west  end  of 
St.  Mary  Overies  church,  South wark 
(lately  pulled  down),  with  a  brief  expla- 
natory  tetter. 

Mr.  Richard  Davis  communicated  an 
account  of  the  discovery  of  several  Roman 
urns,  about  half  a  mile  east  of  Edenbridge 
in  Kent.  They  were  of  half-burnt  clay, 
from  11  to  12  inches  high,  and  contained 
calcined  bones. 

The  reading  of  Mr.  Hartshome's  dis- 
•ertation  on  Orford  Castle  was  then  con- 
cluded. 

Feb.  20.  H.  Hallam,  esq.  V.  P. 

Count  Pompeo  Litta,  of  Milan,  author 
of  the  **  Famiglie  celebri  Italiani,"  was 
elected  a  Foreign  Member  of  the  Society. 

J,  O.  Halliwell,  esq.  F.S.A.  presented 
a  copy  of  a  pen-and-ink  drawing  of  a  por- 
trait preserved  in  the  archives  of  Dul- 
vrich  College,  and  supposed  by  him  to  re- 
present Shakespeare :  it  is  drawn  by  the 
10 


player  Henslow  on  the  back  of  a  Wttor 
addressed  to  himself,  among  a  mall  col- 
lection of  similar  roughly  tkctdiad  por- 
traits. 

A  paper  was  then  read  Arcm  R.  L. 
Pearaall,  esq.  giving  an  aooount  of  mmbc 
extensive  researches  made  by  him  fai  Ger- 
many relative  to  Judicial  Combata,  and  tlia 
▼arious  modes  of  duelling  antboriiad  wmk 
practised  in  ancient  times.  It  wac  illua- 
trated  by  a  numerous  aeries  of  dmrliigs 
derived  from  printed  books  and  M88« 

H.  W.  Pickersgill,  cm.  R.A.  ezMUtada 
mace  and  a  battle-axe.  The  former  wac  evi- 
dently a  modern  fabrication,  haTiiif  a  faB»> 
ral  resemblance  only  to  the  form  Amtt  an- 
cient mace,  but  nothing  of  antioae  ct]^  ia 
the  character  of  its  ornaments*  Thebattla> 
axe  is  handsome,  of  steel,  ornamented  wMi 
silver;  and  having  the  arms  of  Poland, 
with  the  name  of  **  ;^tani^ait^  1660." 

ROMAN    INSCaiPTION     OISOOTimBD     OK 
THB  COACT  OF  GLAMOnOAlT. 

At  Port  Talbot,  near  Aberavon,  Ola^ 
morganshire,  a  Roman  inscription  Imc 
been  discovered,  of  which  the  foUowinf 
transcript  has  been  communicated  to  "  Ike 
Cambrian,**  by  Mr.  Talbot,  the  proprietor 
of  Margam  Abbey  and  Park : — 

IMP.  C.  FLAY.  M.  MAXIMINO 
INVICTO  AVGVS. 

A  difficulty  is  pretented  by  the  above 
reading,  because  it  does  not  appear  tlMt 
Maximinus  I.,  who  assumed  the  imperial 
purple  A.  D.  235,  or  Maximinua  II.,  who 
was  raised  to  the  same  dignity  A.  D.  305, 
ever  bore  the  pnenomen  of  Fhiving. 
A  correspondent  of  the  Cambrian  p^er 
suggests  that  there  must  have  been  en 
error  in  copying  the  stone,  and  that  eitiier 
Magnus  Maximus,  who  waa  Bnq;«ror  In 
Britain  and  Gaul  A.  D.  383,  or  hie  eon 
Flavins  Victor,  whom  he  declared  Caaar, 
and  who  shared  the  imperial  dignity  with 
him,  is  the  person  intended.   He 


that  the  letter  M.  after  Flay,  mar,  on 
closer  inspection,  turn  out  to  be  a  Yi«  far 
Victor.  Too  much  caution  cannot  be 
used  in  copying  ancient  inscriptions ;  and 
we  shall  be  happy  to  hear  that  a  mbbing 
on  soft  paper,  or  a  cast  in  plaster  of  tlM 
above,  is  laid  on  the  table  of  the  SocioCj 
of  Antiquaries. 

Glamorgan   and    Monmonthahire    am 
peculiarly  rich  in  relics  of  the  I^"iino 
British  age,  and  the  inscriptiona  on 
numental  and  votive  stones,  which 
scattered  up  and  down  in  thoae 
and  throughout  Wales  in  general, 
to  be  collected,  befort  the  ailent 
operation  of  the  rains  of  hearai  hia 
further  effaced  them. 


18400  ^^ 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


PROCEEDINGS  IN  PARLIAMENT. 

HouBi  OP  CoMMONt,  /m.  84.  30,0001.  a  just  and  liberal  allowance  for 

Lord  Jokn  RttmeU   brought  forward  the  joint  hrtt  of  the  Queen  and  the 

the  subject  of  a  PaovinoK  roa  Panics  Prince,  and  for  the  Prince's  |>ossible  svr- 

Albbet;  detdling  the  precedents  which  vivorshim  should  there  be  no  issue ;  if  an 

appeared  to  him  to  bear  upon  the  question,  heir  should  be  bom,  then  the  30,0001. 

In  Che  cases  of  Prince  George  of  Denmark  mifht  properij  be  advsneed  to  MfiOOL  i 

and  Queen  Caroline,  the  oonsortof  Geom  and,  should  there  be  a  numeroos  issue*  it 

II.  100,000/.  a.yearwas  settled  by  Partt-  would  be  reasonable  to  make  a  still  for. 

ment,  in  the  erent  of  their  sunririiig  the  ther  increase,  such  as  would  befit  the 

Sovereign.     The  Princess  Dowager  of  father  of  a  large  fiunilj  of  rojfal  children. 

Wales,  the  mother  of  George  HI.  had  an  Thoee  events  would  justify  the  augmeo- 

annuity  for  life  of  50,000/.    Queen  Char-  tatiop,  by  giving  a  guarantee  for   the 

lotte,  the  consort   of  George  III.  had  Prince's  permanent  residence  in,  and  al- 

a  dower  of  100,000/.  a-year  settled  upon  tachment  to,  this  country.    He  showed 

her  in  case  she  should  survive  his  Ma-  the  inapplicability  of  the  precedents  in 

jetty ;  snd  in  the  late  reign  a  similar  the  esses  of  Queens- Consort,  and  ani- 

dower  was  voted  to  Queen  Adelaide  In  madverted  upon  the  instance  of  Prince 

the  event  of  her  surviving  King  Willism  Leopold^e  50,000/. ;  as  the  whole  country 

IV.     In  the  case  of  Prince  Leopold,  had  cried  out  that  that  altowanee  was  «s- 

50,000/.  a-jrear  was  granted  in  case  he  cessive :  and,  on  the  Hoose  spin  divid- 

should  survive  the  princess.    With  these  ing,  the  numbers  were,  for  the  aaMiid. 

several  precedenu  before  him,  the  pro-  ment  208,  for  the  motkm  156^  mi^joriCy 

position   that  he  wished  to  make  was,  against  Ministers  104. 

that   the  House  should  empower  Her  /«».  S8.  Sir  J.  Y.  BfOUr  brought  for- 

Majesty  to  grant    an  annual   sum   of  ward  the  motion  of  want  or  coimDiMCB 

50,000/.  a-vear  out  of  the  Consolidated  m  thi  ADMiNif^aATioN,  which  he  cha. 

Fund  to  Prince  Albert  upon  his  mar-  racterised  as  a  government  not  arrayiof 

riage,  and  to  continue  for  the  whole  of  itself  on  the  side  of  good  order,   but 

his  life.  rather,  by  its  sapportoragicatlon  in  In- 

i  land,  imfudiig  disorder  in   England   < 

House  op  Loans,  /m.  87.  government  allied  with  the  enmiea  of 

The  /«enf  Ckmme^ihr  moved  the  se-  m  established  reli|don,  and  joining  l» 

cond  reading  of  Prince  Albiet'b  Natu-  every  attack  opon  the  Chnreh.    Ho  m> 

aAUZATioM  Bill.    The  Dnlw  of  IIW-  ferred  in  addition  to  their  ooodaet  oo  tko 

lingion  noticed  the  insertion  of  a  clause,  church-rates— on  the  edoeatioo  mat— 

**  to  give  to  the  said  Prince  Albert,  for  and  and  on  the  provision  for  Sir  J.  Newport 

during  the  term  of  his  natural  life,  sodi  —their  opening  of  the  ballot  and  eoni 

place,  precedence,  and  rank,  after  Her  Ha-  law  questions    and  their  eoeouragemeat 

jesty,  in  Parliament  and  elsewhere,  as  Her  of  Socialism ;  and  condnded  by  flsoidag 

Majesty  shall  deem  fit  and  proper,  any  that  the  Houee  resolve  *'  that  her  11a- 

Uw,  statute,  or  custom,  to  the  contrary  jesty^  Government,  as  atprseent  eoosti- 

notwithstanding.**      He   had   not   been  tuied,  does  not  possess  the  eonfidenee  of 

made  aware  of  this  dause  till  last  night,  this  House.'*    The  motion  was  secoodad 

and  he  must  ask  that  the  debate  be  ad-  by  Mr.  Alderman  Tkmnfmmt  and  the  do- 

joumed  till  Friday ;  which  was  done.  fence  of  the  Ministry  was  commeneed  bj 

In  the  HoufB  or    CoKXOirs,   Lord  Sir  0§o.  Grtp,  whose  speech  waa  eoo- 

John  IhMtil  moved  a  resolution  autho-  sidered  the  bMt  delivered  on  that  side  of 

riling  Her  3ilsjesty  to   grant  50,0001.  the  House  throughout  the  debate:  whkk 

a-year  to  Prince  Albert.     Mr.  Hmm9  was  continued  on   the  three  foAlowiog 

thought  the  grant  large  and  excessive,  evenings,  the   prindpai   speakers  beiog 

snd    therefore    moved    as    an    amend-  Mr.  Hewfs,  Lm  Howiekf  Sir  /st.  Ora- 

ment,  that  the  grant  be  81,000/.     The  JUm,  Mr.  Afeean/lsv,  Lord  Pmo^nemH, 

House    divided,    for    the    amendment  Mr.  Pur  MitmU,  Mr.  ITartf,  Lord  Stau 

38,  against  it  305^  mi^ty  867.    Col.  U^,  Lord  Marvfik,  Mr.  O'CMMe//,  Sir 

Sibtkirp  then  moved  a  second  amend-  Jl.  P—l,  and  Lord  J9km  RmmIL    Oa 

ment,  substitoting  30,000/.  which  was  Satufday  morning  the  House  divided: 

supported  by  BIr.  OmMmm,  Sir  J.  Grc.  for  the  motion  887;  i^^aittt  it  308 {  m- 

Mmm,  and  Sir  it.  Psef.  who  tboiM[ht  jority  for  Jiinimn  8L 

GaMT.  Mao.  You  XIU.              •  «^  '                                 ,  ^ 


306 


Parliamentary  Proceedings, 


CMwch. 


House  of  Lords,  Feb,  3. 
Viscount  Melbourne  being  prepared  to 
omit  the  clause  objected  to  in  Prince 
Albert's  Naturalization  Bii.i^  the 
House  went  into  committee  upon  it, 
when  the  chiuse  was  struck  out,  and  the 
Bill  was  read  a  third  time  and  passed. 


In  the  House  of  Commons  on  the 
same  day,  Mr.  Darby  moved,  **  That 
William  Evans,  esq.  and  John  Wheelton, 
esq.  Sheriff  of  Middlesex,  be  discharged 
from  the  custody  of  the  Serjeant-at- 
Arms."  The  Hon.  Gentleman  grounded 
his  appeal  on  personal  consideration  to- 
wards the  sheriffs,  arguing  that  their  re- 
lease  would  not  affect  the  question  of 
Privilege ;  but  it  was  opposed  by  the 
Attorney -generali  and,  a  debate  of  con- 
siderable length  arising,  the  matter  was 
adjourned. 

House  of  Lords,  Feb,  4. 

The  Bishop  of  Exeter s  having  made  an 
exposition  of  the  blasphemous  and  im- 
moral  tendency  of  the  new  system  of 
Socialism,  propagated  by  Robert  Owen, 
moved  an  Address  to  her  Majesty  upon 
the  subject,  which  after  a  long  discussion 
was  agreed  to. 

In  the  House  of  Commons,  Mr.  Ser- 
jeant Talfourd  moved  for  leave  to  bring 
in  his  Copyright  Bill,  the  principle  of 
which  the  House  had  affirmed  three  seve- 
ral times.  Mr.  Wakley  moved,  as  an 
amendment,  that  a  Select  Committee  be 
appointed  to  inquire  into  the  existing 
laws  of  copyright;  which  was  seconded 
by  Mr.  Hume.  Mr.  Warbnrton  was 
hostile  to  the  Bill.  Mr.  Labouchere 
thought  it  would  be  peculiarly  ungra- 
cious to  refuse  the  Bill  being  laid  on 
the  table. ,  The  House  then  divided ; 
for  the  motion  75,  for  the  amendment 
.5.3,  majority  22. — Leave  was  then  given 
to  bring  in  the  Bill. 

Feb,  G.  Mr.  Thomas  Burton  Howard 
was  brought  to  the  bar  and  examined, 
when  he  acknowledged  that  he  had  com- 
menced another  action  against  the  Messrs. 
Hansard  at  the  suit  of  John  Joseph 
Stockdale,  for  a  subsequent  publication 
of  the  same  libel  as  before ;  after  which 
Lord  JoJin  Russell  moved  that  Howard 
had,  in  so  doing,  been  guilty  of  a  high 
contempt  of  the  privileges  of  that  House. 
Sir  E.  Sugden  moved  as  an  amendment 
that  Mr.  Howard  be  brought  to  the  bar 
to-morrow.  The  House  divided — for  the 
motion  147,  for  the  amendment 'lo,  ma- 
jority 102.  Lord  Jo/tn  Russell  then 
moved  that  Mr.  Howard  be  committed 
to  Newgate.  The  House  again  divided 
— for  the  motion  14-9,  against  it  46. 

Feb.  7.     The  debate  on  Mr.  Darby's 


motion  for  the  release  of  the  Sheriffii 
renewed,  and  it  was  negatived  by  a  ma- 
jority  of  7]  ;  the  numbers  being,  for  the 
motion  94,  against  it  165.  LoiS  J,  Rtu- 
sell  then  moved  that  the  Messrs.  Haiminl 
be  directed  not  to  appear  or  plead  to  the 
action  threatened  by  Stockdale.  Sir.  B, 
Sugden  said  he  had  a  motion  on  the  paper, 
that  Messrs.  Hansard  be  at  libcstjr  to 
defend  the  action  as  they  shall  be  advued, 
not  involving  the  privileges  of  this  Hoiiae, 
and  he  begged  to  make  that  motion  as  an 
amendment.  Sir  W.  Follett  atioi^j 
protested  against  the  course  proposed  bj 
Lord  John  Russell.  After  a  few  words 
from  the  Attorney -general  in  its  support, 
it  was  carried  by  a  majority  of  90^  the 
numbers  being  148  and  58.  Loid  J, 
Russell  next  moved  that  Stockdale  had 
been  guilty  of  a  high  contempt  and  breach 
of  the  privileges  of  the  House  in  having 
commenced  another  action  against  the 
Hansards;  this  was  opposed  by  Sir  B. 
Sudden  and  Mr.  Xatr,  but  carried  bv  a 
majority  of  98,  the  numbers  being  ISaf 
and  34.  Lastly,  Lord  /.  Russell  moved 
that  Stockdale  be  committed  to  Newgate, 
which  was  carried  without  a  division. 

Feb,  11.  Mr.  T,  Duneombt  moved 
for  leave  to  bring  in  a  Bill  to  relieve  frrnn 
the  payment  of  CHirRCH.RAT£S,[tbat  por^ 
tion  of  her  Maje8ty*8  subjects  who  consci- 
entiously dissent  fi*om  the  rites  or  doc- 
trines of  the  Established  Church.  Mr. 
Gillon  seconded  the  motion.  Lord  J. 
Russell  opposed  it,  because  it  was  not 
founded  on  sound  principles,  and  if 
adopted,  would,  he  believed,  lead  to  very 
dangerous  consequences.  The  House 
divided : — for  the  motion  66,  against  it 
117. 

Sir  Edw,  KnatchbuU  stated  to  the 
House,  it  had  come  to  his  knowledge 
that  the  health  of  Mr.  Sheriff  Wheelton 
was  so  much  impaired  by  his  imprison* 
ment,  that  the  safety  of  his  life  might  be 
endangered  if  longer  kept  in  custody. 
Medical  testimony  having  been  adduced 
in  proof  ol  this  statement,  a  resolution 
that  Mr.  Wheelton  be  forthwith  dis. 
charged  was  agreed  to. 

Feb.  13.  Mr.  Herries  moved  for 
sundry  financial  returns,  including  ac- 
counts showing  the  deficiency  of  the  net 
income  of  the  United  ELingdom,  com- 
pared with  the  expenditure  for  the  five 
years  preceding  1831  and  1840,  the  total 
amount  of  the  funded  or  unfunded  debt, 
&c.  &e.  The  Chancellor  ^f  the  Bseke- 
quer  resisted  the  production  of  the  papers, 
on  the  ground  that  there  was  no  preee- 
dent  for  granting  them.  After  a  lengtb. 
ened  debate,  the  House  divided;  for  the 
motion  182,  against  it  172;  m^Mity 
against  Ministers  10. 


1840.] 


Foreign  News* 


307 


Feb.  14.  The  order  of  the  day  having 
been  put  for  the  second  reading  of  the 
Irish  Ccorpobations  Bill,  Sir  R,  IngUt 
moved  that  it  should  be  read  a  second 
time  on  that  day  six  months.  Mr.  LUtim 
seconded  the  motion.  Mr.  Shaw  and 
Mr.  Serjeant  Jaekson,  though  opposed  to 
the  details,  would  vote  for  its  second 
reading,  that  it  might  be  amended  in 
Committee.  Mr.  0*Conneli  denied  that 
the  Bill  would  give  any  exclusive  advan- 
tage to  Roman  Catholics;  it  would 
merely  place  them  and  Protestants  on  the 
same  footing,  and  give  them  equal  rights. 
Sir  R.  Petit  though  opposed  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  new  corporations  in  Ireland, 
would  sacrifice  his  own  opinion  to  what 
appeared  to  be  the  general  sentiment. 
The  Bill,  in  its  present  form,  would  be 
likely  to  allay  angry  feelings.  On  those 
grounds  he  would  vote  for  it.  After  a 
few  remarks  from  Lord  J.  Runell^  the 
second  reading  was  carried  by  a  majority 
of  149  to  14. 

On  the  question  being  put  that  the 
Flour  Importation  (Iriland)  Bill  be 
read  a  second  time,  Mr.  S.  TVitnen/ 
moved  as  an  amendment,  that  the  Bill  be 
read  a  second  time  that  day  six  months, 
(/ol.  ConoUy  supported  the  amendment. 
The  House  divided;  for  the  second  read- 
ing \b^  against  it  lOsf. 

Mr.  Alderman  rhowtpwoH  moved  that 
that  William  Evans,  esq.  Sheriff  of  Lop- 
don  and  Middlesex,  be  immediately  dis- 
charged out  of  the  custody  of  the  Ser- 
jeaiit*at-Arms.    Mr.  Darbp  seconded  the 


motion.  Lord  Jokm  Rmu^l  said,  that 
the  mere  commitment  had  not  worked 
out  the  necessary  vindication  of  their 
privilege.  The  House  could  no  more 
release  the  Sheriff  from  personal  com- 
passion than  a  court  of  law  could  re- 
fuse an  attachment  from  a  like  feelinff. 
For  the  motion  76,  against  it  140.  Sir 
Edward  Sugdem  then  moved  that  the 
order  directing  the  Sheriff  of  Middle^ 
sex  to  repay  the  sum  of  640/.  to  Messrs. 
Hansard  oe  rescinded.  The  motion  was 
put,  and  negatived  without  a  division. 

Feb,  17.  Lord  J.  RuueU  stated  that 
a  new  action  had  been  commenced  by 
Stockdale,  on  which  an  inquiry  of  dam- 

rwas  appointed  before  the  under- 
iff  for  the  20th  instant.  He  proposed 
therefore  a  Resolution,  that  to  take  any 
steps  in  this  matter  would  be  a  breach  of 
privilege  in  the  Sheriff,  under-sheriff, 
officers,  and  otherty  and  would  cause  them 
to  incur  the  hi^h  displeasure  of  the  House. 
This  was  earned  without  a  division. 

Feb.  18.  The  son  of  Stockdale's  at- 
tomey  and  his  clerk,  accessory  to  the 
serving  of  the  new  processes  upon 
Messrs.  Hansard,  were  brought  to  the 
bar,  and  bv  large  majorities  ordered  to  be 
committed— Howard  to  Newgate,  and 
the  clerk,  named  Pearce,  to  the  custody 
of  the  Se^eant-at-Arms. 

F^.  19.  On  the  motion  of  Mr.  Ser- 
jeant Taj/ourd,  the  Copyright  Bill  waa 
read  a  second  time,  by  a  majority  of  50 
to  39. 


FOREIGN  NEWS. 


»'RANC£. 

On  the  ^Oth  Feb.  the  Chamber  of 
Deputies,  after  a  very  short  general  dis- 
<:u8iiion  ot'  the  profei  de  loi  reutive  to  the 
dotation  of  his  Kopral  Highness  the  Duke 
(if  Nemours,  deaded  by  a  majority  of 
2*^6  against  2U0  that  the  Chamber  should 
not  discuss  the  paragraphs  of  the  bill. 

All  the  ministers  have  in  consequence 
placed  their  resignations  in  the  hands  of 
the  King. 

INDIA. 

Dispatches  from  Gen.  Willshire  an- 
iiounce  the  capture  of  Khelat  on  the  13th 
Aor.  and  the  death  in  the  conflict  of 
Mchrab  Khan  the  chief,  all  of  whose 
principal  Sirdars  were  killed  or  taken, 
and  hundreds  of  other  prisoners.  This 
^as  accomplished  by  a  weak  brigade  of 
Infantry,  (her  Majesty's  17(h  and  )Snd 
Foot,  and  Bengal  .'ilst  Regiment,)  and 
»ix  liffht  guns,  at  mid-day,  by  storming 
the  place  in  the  teeth  of  2U00  Beloocbees 
—the  piite  of  t^  iMCioD»  after  »  pievioiw 


march  and  assault  of  some  heights  com- 
mending  the  approach,  on  whkh  the 
enemy  oad  six  guns  in  position.  Our 
loss  was  severe — 140  killed  and  wounded 
— about  one-fifth  of  the  number  actually 
engaged— one  officer,  Lieut.  Gramtt,  <tt 
the  Quoen's,  among  the  former ;  and  six 
or  seven  officers  among  the  latter,  but 
none  severelv.  KheUt  is  a  town  and 
fortress  of  the  same  relation  to  Persia 
which  Dover  or  Plymouth  is  to  England ; 
and  the  uncle  of  the  King  of  Persia, 
whom  the  King  contrived  to  expel  from 
his  throne,  until  lately  retatnied  this 
garrison,  but  recently  surrendered  it  to 
the  King. 

CHINA. 

A  war  with  the  Celestial  Empire  seema 
to  be  inevitable  t  indeed  it  may  be  said  to 
have  actually  broken  out.  Captain  Eltiof, 
the  Superintendent,  and  Captain  Smith 
of  the  Volage,  liad  gone  to  Marao  to 

Xiato  a  continuance  of  the  (nKie  out* 
the  Boguc.     It  uppem  that  tht 


308 


Domettie  Oceurretiees. 


[BiMCBv 


Chinese    commissioner   tgreed  to   that 

proposition,  and  also  not  to  insist  for  the 

present  on  the  surrender  of  the  seaman 

who  killed  the  Chinese  at  Macao.     This 

temporary  arrangement  seemed  to  be  satis- 

factorv ;  but  the  wrath  and  suspicions  of    he^  ordered  out  twentj-nine  war  JMki^ 

the  Chinese  authorities  were  again  roused     eridently  intending  to  sarromid  tbt  mitM 

bjr  the  appearance  of  the  ship  Thomaa     ships.      Thcj  were   repeatedly  wi>ad 

Coutts  at  Whampoa,  and  the  offer  of  her    off,  but  eontinoed  to  cloae  in  vpoQ  th« 

commander,  Capt.  Warner,  to  sign  the     Hyacinth  and  Volage ;  when  GapC  Bflaitli 


with  the  Volagw  and  the  HyMdiithp  to 
demand  qplanation  from   ne  Qdmm 
Admiral  Kwaa.     That  oAmt  at 
pretended  readineta  to  enter  into 
negotiation ;  but  immediately 


opium  bond.  Commissioner  Lin  im- 
mediately renewed  hia  demand  for  the 
surrender  of  the  murderer  of  the  Chinese, 
and  issued  an  edict  commanding  all  the 
British  ships  to  enter  the  port  of  Canton 
and  sign  the  bond,  or  to  depart  from  the 


opened  a  fire  upon  them,  and  in  •  ilmiC 
time  five  junks  were  sunk,  and  another 
blown  up,  each  with  from  190  to  tOO  flwn 
on  board.  The  rest  made  off,  and  Cafit. 
Elliot  ordered  the  firing  to  ceeae ;  other- 
wise nearly  all   might  bate  been    d^ 


coast  immediately.    In  case  of  non-com-     stroyed.    It  is  allowed  that  the  Chineee 
pliance  with  either  of  these  conditions     fought  pretty  well ;  but  the  only 
within    three    davs,   the    commissioner 
declared  he    would    destroy  the   entire 
British  fleet.     On  the  publication  of  this 
edict,  Capt.  Elliot  went  to  the  Bogue 


sustained  on  our  aide  Is  stated  to  be 
twaWe-pound  .shot  in  the  miienmiit  of 
the  Hyacinth. 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


Feb,  3.  During  a  severe  storm,  the 
steeple  of  Much  Chwam  Church,  Here- 
fordshire, was  struck  by  the  electric  fluid, 
and  set  on  fire.  The  steeple  was  biult  of 
wood,  and  the  roof  composed  of  shingles. 
Engines  were  immediately  sent  for  to 
Hereford ;  but,  before  they  could  arrive, 
everything  combustible  in  the  church  had 
fallen  a  pr^  to  the  flames. 

Feb.  6.  Frince  Albert  of  Saxe  Cobourg 
and  Gotha,  conducted  by  Lord  Viscount 
Torrington,  and  accoropanied  by  the 
Duke  his  father,  and  his  elder  brother, 
arrived  at  Dover. 

Feb,  10.  This  day  the  marriage  of  the 
Queen^s  Most  Excellent  Majesty  with 
Field  Marshal  His  Royal  Highness  Fran- 
cis Albert  Augustus  Charles  Emanuel, 
Duke  of  Saxe,  Prince  of  Saxe  Cobourg 
and  Gotha,  K.  G.  was  solemnized  at  the 
Chapel  Royal,  St.  James's. 

A  breakfast  was  provided  at  Bucking- 
ham Palace  for  the  Royal  Family  and 
their  immediate  attendants,  and  for  her 
Majesty's  Ministers. 

Prince  Albert,  attended  by  his  suite, 
proceeded  from  the  Palace  about  half.past 
eleven  o'clock,  to  St.  James's  Palace,  in 
the  following  order  : — 

The  first  carriage,  conveying  Gen.  Sir 
George  Anson,  G.C.B.,  Geoi^ge  Edward 
Anson,  esq.,  and  Francis  Seymour,  esq., 
the  Bridegroom's  Gentlemen  of  Honour. 

The  second  carriage,  conveying  the  Lord 
Chamberiain  of  the  Household,  the  Earl 
of  Uxbridge  (who  afterwards  returned  to 
Buckingham  Palace,  to  attend  in  her  Ma- 
jesty's procession),  and  the  oflicers  of  the 
suite  of  the  reigning  Duke  and  Hereditary 


Prince  of  Saxe  Cobourg  and  Gothn,  viz. 
Count  Kolowrath,  Baron  Alvenaleben, 
and  Baron  De  Lowenfels. 

The  third  carria^,  conveying  Hie  Rqyml 
Highness  the  Pnnce  Albat,  Hia  Serene 
Highness  the  reigning  Duke  of  Saxe  Co- 
bourg and  GotDusy  and  the  Heredifinrj 
Prince. 

Her  M^esty,  attended  by  ber  Boysl 
Household,  accompanied  by  Her  Haljnl 
Highness  the  Duchess  of  Kent,  proceeded 
at  twelve  o'clock,  from  Buckingham  Pn- 
lace  to  St.  Jameses  Palace,  in  the  follow- 
ing order :— 

The  first  carriage,  conveying  two  Gen* 
tlemen  Ushers,  Charles  Heneege,  ceq. 
and  the  Hon.  Heneage  L^ve ;  the  Eaon 
of  the  Yeoman  of  the  Guard,  Cbmlee 
Hancock,  esq. ;  and  the  Gfoom  of  the 
Robes,  Capt.  Firnnds  Seymoor. 

The  second  carriage,  conreyinr  the 
Equerry  in  Waiting,  Lord  Alfred  P^goC  s 
two  Pages  of  Honour,  Charies  T.Wemyni» 
esq.  and  H.  W.  J.  Bvng,  eequ ;  eai  the 
Groom  in  Waiting,die  Honourable  Gedge 
Keppel. 

The  third  carriage,  conveying  the  Clerk 
Marshal,  Col.  the  Hon.  H.  F.  C.  Caven* 
dish  ;  the  Vice-Cbaraberiain,  the  Eetl  of 
Belfast,  G.  C.  H. ;  and  the  Comptralkr  of 
the  Household,  the  Right  Uon.Geoigo 
Stevens  Byng. 

The  fourth  carriage,  conveying  the  Wo* 
man  of  the  Bedchamber  in  Wauiii^,Bfin» 
Brand ;  the  Captain  of  the  Yeomen  of 
the  Guard,  the  Eari  of  Dcbeeter;  the 
Master  of  the  Buck  Hounds,  Lord  Kin* 
naird ;  and  the  Treaanrer  of  the 
hold,  the  Eerl  of  Surrey. 


1840.]  Dom^iiie  6ecurvmM.  309 

The  fifth  carriaM,  oooveriag  tba^^laid  Tbe  atvuith  eumgtf  tonwefvog   Her 

of  Honour  in  Waitings  the  Hoo.  CeroUne  Moet  EaoeUent  M^M^r  the  Queen ;  her 

Cocks ;  the  Ducbeae  of  Kent*a  Ladv  in  Royal  Highneaa  the  Ducheia  of  Kent ; 

waiting.  Lady  F.  Howard  i  the  Gold  Stick,  and  the  Dudieaa  of  Sntheriaiid,  the  ^'' 


Gen.  Lord  Hill/  G.C.B.,  G.C.H. ;  and  treis  of  the  Robes  to  her  Miyestj. 

the  Lordin  Waitipg, Viaeount  TonringtOD.  The  illiistriottB  pefsonages,  and  othera 

The  sixth  carriage,  conveying  the  Lady  eompoaing  the  Froceaaion,  then  asaenu 

of  the  Bedehamber  in  Waiting,  the  Coua-  bM  in  the  ThimM-room,  and  baTing  beei 

teas  of  Sandwieh;    the  Master  of  the  called  over  by  Garter  Prindiial  Kwiof 

Horse,  the  Earl  of  Albemarle,  O.C.U. ;  Anna,  the  Proceaaions  moved  in  the  M- 

tbf  Lord  Steward,  the  Earl  of   ErroU,  lowing  order  to  the  Chapel  Royal  :— 
K.T.,  G.C.H.:  aBd  the  Lord  Chambef- 
lain,  the  Earl  of  Uxbridge. 

THE  PROCESSION  OF  THE  BRIDEGROOM. 

Dnmia  and  Trumpets, 

Seijeant  TrvnqMter. 

Master  of  the  Ceremooiea,  Sir  Robert  Cheater,  Knt. 

Laneaater  Heimld,  York  Heimld, 

George  Frederic  Belti,  eaq.  &.H.  Charlea  Geoige  Youqg,  esq. 

The  Bridemom's  Gentlemca  of  Honour,  via. 
Francis  Seymour,  eaq.    Gen.  Sir  George  Anaon,  O.C.B.    Geoige  Ed.  Anson,  esq. 

Vice.  CbamberUun  of  H.M.  Houaebold,        Lord  Chamberkin  of  H.M.  Household, 
the  Earl  of  Belfast,  G.C.H.  the  Eari  of  Uxbridge, 

Thb  Beidbgboom, 
wearing  the  CoUar  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter, 

Supported  by  their  Serene  Highneaees  the  reigning  Duke  of  Seas  Cobomgand 

Gotha,  K.G.  and  the  Hereditary  Prince  of  Saxe  Cobouig  and  Gotha, 

each  attended  by  oSceis  of  their  suite,  via.: 

Count  Kolowmth,  Banm  Alvenaleben,  and  Baron  de  Lowenfels. 

On  arrival  at  the  Chapel,  the  Drama  the  Bridegroom  stood  near  the  penon  of 

and  TnunpeU  filed  offin  the  Ante- Chapel,  His  Roval  Hichnesa. 

and » the  Proeession  advanebig,  hia  Royal  The  Lord  Chamberiain  and  Yiee-Cham^ 

lligbne88  was  conducted  to  the  seal  pro*  berlain.with  the  two  Heralds,  preceded  by 

vided  for  him  on  the  left  handof  the  altar,  the  Dnuns  and  Trumpeta,  returned  to  aC- 

Hit)  supportera,  the  reigning  Duke  of  Saaw  tend  Her  Mijeety. 

(lobourg  and  Gotiia,  and  the  Hereditary  Her  Mi^ty's  Proeeaslon  moftd  from 

Prince,  with  the  oflleers  of  their  soiu,  the  Throne-room  to  the  Chap«l|  in  Ihi 

occupied  seats  near  the  Prinee.  The  Mas-  following  order  :— 
ter  of  the  Cersnxmiea  and  the  oOccffa  of 

THE  QUEEN'S  PROCESSION. 

Dnuna  and  Trumpeta. 

Serjeant  Trumpeter. 

Pursuivants  of  Arms,  in  their  tabards  :— 
Rouge  Croix,  W.  Courtbope,  gene.  Porteuilis,  A.  W.  Woods,  gent. 

Rouge  Dragon,  T.  W.  King,  gent.  Bluemande,  G.  H.  R.  Harriaon,grat 

Herslds  in  their  Tabards  and  CoUara  of  S.S.  ^— 
Windsor,  Robert  Laurie,  esq. 
Richmond,  Jamea  Pulman,  eaq.  Chester,  W.  A.  Blount,  eaq. 

Lancaster,  G.  F.  Belts,  esq.  K.H.  York,  C.  G.  Yonng,  eeq. 

Pages  of  Honour, 
Henry  Wm.  John  Byng,  esq.    Jamea  C.  M.  Co^ell,  esq.    Charles  T.  Wemyas,  esq* 

Equerry  in  Waiting,  Cleric  Marahal, 

Lord  Alfred  Paget.  Col.  the  Hon.  H.  F.  C.  Caffndiah. 

Groom  in  Waiting,  Lord  in  Waiting, 

the  H<Ni.  George  Keppel,  Lord  Yisoount  Torringlon, 

Comptroller  of  Her  Majeaty's  Household,      Traaaurer  of  Her  BfaieaCy'a  Honaehdd, 
the  RighC  Hoo.  Geo.  Stevena  Byng.  the  Eari  or  Sonny. 

Master  of  Her  Bimea^s  Bock  Uonndi^  The  Lord  Stowmdof  HerMajeatylsHooscA 
tbeLoidsSBiM.  Md,tbtfittloC£iioIl,]LT/a.C.H. 


310  Doinesiic  Occurrences.  [Marcbf 

Kings  of  Arms,  in  their  Tabards  and  Collars  of  S.S.':— 
Norroy,  Francis  Martin,  esq.  Clarenceuz,  Joseph  Hawker,  esq. 

Lord  Privy  Seal,  Lord  President  of  the  Council, 

the  Earl  of  Clarendon,  G.C.B.  the  Marquess  of  Lansdowne,  K.G. 

Two  Serjeants  at  Arms.        Lord  High  Chancellor,        Two  Serjeants  at  Anns. 

Lord  Cottenham. 

Senior  Gentleman  Usher  Quarterly  Waiter,  the  Hon.  H.  Legge. 
Gent.  Usher  Daily  Waiter     Garter  King  of  Arms,      Gent.  Usher  of  the  Black  Rod, 
and  of  the  Sword  of  State,    in  his  tabard  and  collar  of  S.  S.  bearing  his  Rod, 

William  Martins,  esq.  bearing  his  Sceptre,  Sir  Aug.  William  James 

Sir  William  Woods,  K.H.  CUfford,  Bart.  C.B. 

The  Earl  Marshal  of  England,  bearing  his  Baton, 
the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  K.  G. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Sophia- Matilda  of  Gloucester, 
her  train  borne  by  Lady  Alicia  Gordon. 

Her  Royal  Highness  Princess  Augusta  of  Cambridge, 
her  train  borne  by  Miss  Louisa  Grace  Kerr. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  George  of  Cambridge, 
attended  by  Lieut.- Colonel  Cornwall. 

H.R.H  the  Duchess  of  Cambridge,  and  H.R.H.  the  Princess  Mary  of  Cambridgey 
the  Duchess's  train  borne  by  Lady  Augusta  Somerset. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Duchess  of  Kent, 
her  train  borne  by  Lady  F.  Howard. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the   Princess   Augusta, 
her  train  borne  by  Lady  Mary  Pelham. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  Cambridge,  K.G.  G.C.B.  G.C.M.G.  carrying  his 
Baton  as  Field  Marshal ;  attended  by  Baron  Knesebeck. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  Sussex,  K.G.  K.T.  G.C.B. 
attended  by  Colonel  Wildman,  K.H. 

Vice- Chamberlain  of  her  Ma-      The  Sword  of  State    Lord  Chamberlain  of  her  Ma- 
jesty's Household,  the  borne  by  jesty's  Household, 
£arl  of  Belfast,  G.C.H.     Lord  Viscount  Melbourne,      the  Earl  of  Uxbrijge. 

Thk  Quken, 
wearing  the  Collar  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter, 
her  Majesty's  train  borne  by  the  following  twelve  unmarried  ladies,  vis. : 
Lady  Adelaide  Paget,  Lady  Caroline  Amelia  Gx>rdon-Liennoit 

Lady  Sarah  F.  C.  Villiers,  Lady  Eiiz.  Anne  G.  D.  Howard, 

Lady  Frances  Elizabeth  Cowper,  Lady  Ida  Harriet  Augusta  Hay, 

Lady  Elizabeth  West,  I^udy  Catherine  Lucy  W.  Stanhope» 

Lady  Mary  Aug.  Frederica  Griniston,        Lady  Jane  Harriet  Bouverie, 
Lady  Eleanora  Caroline  Paget,  Lady  Mary  Charlotte  Howard* 

assisted  by  the  Groom  of  the  Robes,  Captain  Francis  Seymour. 

Master  of  the  Horse,  Mistress  of  the  Robes, 

the  Eari  of  Albemarle,  G.C.H.  the  Duchess  of  Sutherland. 

Ladies  of  the  Bedchamber, 

The  Marchioness  of  Normandy,  The  Duchess  of  Bedford, 

The  Countess  of  Buriington,  The  Countessof  Sandwidi, 

The  Lady  Portman,  The  Dow.  Lady  Lyttelton,  The  Lady  Bariiam. 

Maids  of  Honour, 
The  Hon.  Amelia  Murray,  The  Hon.  Harriet  Pitt,  The  Hon.  Caroline  Cocks, 
The  Hon.  Henrietta  Anson,  The  Hon.  Matilda  IViget, 

7^he  Hon.  Harriet  Lister,  The  Hon.  Sarah  M.  CnTeiidish. 

Women  of  the  Bedchamber, 
Lady  Harriet  Clive,  Viscountess  Forbes, 

liady  Chariotte  Copley,  Lady  Caroline  Barrihgtoa, 

Mrs.  Brand,  Hon.  Mrs.  Campbell,  Lady  (Gardiner. 

Captain  of  the  Yeomen  Gold  Stick,  Captain  of  the  bmnd 

of  the  (luard,  General  Lord  Hill,  of  Gentlemen.«t- Armt.  ' 

the  Eari  of  llchester.  G.C.B.  G.C.H.  the  Lord  Foley. 

Silver  Stick,  Lieutenant- Colonel  John  Uall. 

Six  Gentlemen^t-Arms. 

Six  Yeomen  of  the  Unajd  dosed  the  Ftoocmm^ 


1840.] 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


311 


On  arriving  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Chapel  the  drumft  and  trumpet8  filed  oif : 
the  Gentlemen -at- Arms  remained  in  the 
Ante.  Chapel  during  the  ceremony,  and 
the  Yeomen  of  the  Guard  at  the  foot  of 
the  staircase  in  the  Ante- Chapel.  Her 
Majesty's  Gentlemen  Ushers  conducted 
the  respective  persons  compofdng  the  Pro- 
cession to  the  places  provided  lor  them  ; 
the  Princes  and  Princesses  of  the  Blood 
Royal  to  the  seats  prepared  for  them  on 
the  haut-pas ;  and  the  several  ladies  at- 
tendant upon  the  Queen  to  the  seats  pro* 
vided  near  her  Majesty. 

iier  Majesty,  on  reaching  the  haut-pas, 
took  her  seat  in  the  chair  of  state  pro- 
vided for  the  occasion  on  the  right  of  the 
altar,  attended  by  the  Ladies  bearing  her 
Majesty's  train. 

Her  Majesty  the  Queen  Dowager  was 
present  during  the  Solemnity,  on  thh  left 
of  the  altar,  attended  by  the  Countess 
of  Mayo  and  Lady  Clinton,  Ladies  in 
Waiting;  Eari  Howe,G.C.H.  Lord  Cham- 
beriain  the  Earl  of  Denbigh,  G.C.H. 
Master  of  the  Horse  ;  the  Hon.  William 
Anhley,  Vice-Chamberkinand  Treasurer; 
Col.  Sir  Horace  Seymour, K.C.H.Equer. 
ry ;  and  J.  G.  C.  Desbrowe  and  J.  G.  T. 
Sinclair,  esqs.  Pages  of  Honour. 

The  Service  was  then  commenced  by 
the  Archbishop  of  Canterbunr,  haTing  on 
his  right  the  Archbishop  of  York,  and  on 
his  lett  the  Bishop  of  London,  who  as- 
sisted as  Dean  of  the  Chapel  Rojral.  The 
Duke  of  Sussex  gave  away  his  Royal 
Niece :  and  at  that  part  of  the  Service, 
where  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  read 
the  words,  **  1  yromoumee  thai  ikeff  he 
man  and  w{f«  io^etker,**  the  Park  and 
Tower  |^uns  fired.  At  the  conclusion  of 
the  service,  the  procession  returned,  that 
of  the  Bridegroom  preceding  aa  before, 
excepting  that  Prince  Albert  condnetad 
Her  Majesty  from  the  Chapel  Royal  to 
the  Throne-room,  where  toe  registry  of 
the  Marriage  was  attested  with  the  usual 
formalities.  Her  Majesty  and  the  Prince 
proceeded  the  same  afternoon  to  Windsor 
Castle.  A  banquet,  at  which  the  Earl  of 
KrroU  presided  as  Lord  Steward  of  the 
Household,  was  given  at  St.  James's  Pa- 
Ure :  and  honoured  by  the  presence  of  the 
Ducm^  of  Kent,  the  Reigning  Duke  and 
Hereditary  Prince  of  Saxe  Cobonrg ;  and 
by  all  the  members  of  her  Alajesty's 
iiouschold.  In  all,  about  130  persons 
were  present.  Most  of  the  Cabinet  Minis- 
ters  gave  dinners  at  their  own  bouses  t  and 
there  was  a  grand  dinner  at  the  Carlton 
(Mub,  at  which  Sir  Robert  Peel  took  the 
(hair,  with  the  Dukeot'  Wellington  at  bis 
light  hand.    Jn  the  creniiig  the  Dncbeaa 


of  Sutherland,  Mistress  of  the  Robes, 
gave  a  Ball  at  Stafford  House. 

The  day  was  universally  kept  as  a  holi- 
day throughout  the  country,  and  in  the 
evening  there  were  very  splendid  iUumi- 
narions  in  the  metropolis  and  in  all  the 
principal  towns. 

The  neat  and  elegant  church  of  St. 
Peter's,  Dale  End,  Birmm^kmrn^  is  built 
in  the  Grecian  style  of  architecture, 
with  a  regubr  front  in  the  order  of  tbe 
Parthenon.  After  being  partly  dettroywl 
by  fire  it  was  not  long  ago  restored,  under 
the  superintendence  of  the  present  incum- 
bent, the  Rev.  C.  Craven,  and  a  building 
committee ;  and  it  has  been  Just  embd- 
lished  b^  the  erection  of  a  splendid  win- 
dow of  stained  glass.  It  eonaista  of 
three  compartments,  of  which  tbe  eentral 
one  is  considerably  the  largest,  represent- 
ing the  Ascension  of  our  Saviour,  after  a 
design  bv  Raphael,  and  a  picture  bf 
Oliver,  who  is  well  known  to  have  en- 
bodied  with  spirit  and  dfect  mmy  of  the 
outlbes  of  that  great  master.  The  outer 
compartments  contain  ornamental  daaipia 
corresponding  together,  with  a  aaeraoMB- 
tal  cup  in  the  centre  of  one»  and  tbe  Hidy 
Dove  in  tbe  other.  Each  eompartmant 
has  a  rich  Grecian  bonier,  assimilating 
with  the  other  ornaments  of  the  dionA. 
Tbe  window  is  executed  in  a  maaterijr 
style ;  and  the  depth  and  richneaa  of  eo- 
louring,  particuhiriy  in  the  drapery,  art 
most  striking.  The  artists  are  memn. 
Pemberton  of  New  Hall  Hill,  Birmii^ 
ham.  A  short  time  since  a  aptoodid  ud 
elegant  organ,  boilt  by  Meaan.  BewaWr 
and  Fleetwood,  of  Liverpool,  was  creetni 
in  this  church.  These  omanMnts,  eoM- 
bined  with  iu  beautifully  deeorated  foof^ 
render  this  chureb  one  or  tbe  bandaonaat 
modern  churcfaet  in  the  oountrj. 

THEATRICAL  REGISTER. 

DRUEY-LANK  TBXATBB. 

Jan.  22.  Mmy  StmrnH,  a  new  tiagedft 
from  tbe  pen  of  Mr.  JaoMS  Haynea  ^ 
gentleman  whose  tragedy  of  OsmaekmeSp 
plaved  here  some  years  ago,  gave  proorfae 
of  his  future  dnunatic  exeellenee-^was  ra. 
presented  for  tbe  first  time,  and 
successful.  Tbe  plot  of  the  phy  is 
tremdy  simple;  its  single  ofcj|ecC  *^ 
the  death  of  RUHo. 

COVKMT.GARDKH  TJUATIK. 

JM.  8.  A  Legamd  ^  Fl^remee,  a  new 
Pkv  by  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt,  was  pradoead 
at  this  theatre.  It  exhibits  a  fine  contiait 
between  a  jealous  tynmnieal  hoafaand  aai 
a  suffering  patient  wife.  It  waa  reeeivfA 
with  loua  applause. 


312 


PROMOTIONS)  PREFERMENTS,  &c 


Shbeipfb  appointbd  roR  1840. 

Bedfordshire— W.  F.  Brown,  of  DansUble,  e%q. 

Berks— H.  Hippisley, of  Lambome  Place,  esq. 

Bocks— J.  P.  Deerin^,  of  the  Lee,  esq. 

Gunbridf  c  and  Hunting^don— Thomas  Mort- 
lock,  or  Little  Abingdon,  esq. 

Chesh.-JohnTollemache,  Tllstone  Lodge,  esq. 

Cornwall— Sir  R.  R.  Vyvyan,  Trelowarren,  Bt. 

Comb.— Sir  O-  MusgraTe.  of  Eden  Hall,  Bart. 

Derb.— Sir  H.  J.  J.  Hunloke,  Wingerworth,  Bt. 

Devon— Augustus  Stowey.  of  Kenbury,  esq. 

Dorsetshire-John  Samuel  Wanley  Sawbridge 
Brie  Drax,  of  Charborough  Park,  esq. 

Durham -^rH.  Williamson,  of  Whitburn,  Bt. 

Essex— C.  T.  Tower,  of  Weald  Hall,  e8<i. 

GIouc— Sir  M.  H.  Hicks-Beach,  of  W'llliam- 
strip  Park.  Bart. 

Heref.— T.  Heywood,  of  Hope  End,  esq. 

Herts— C.  S.  Chauncy,of  Little  Munden,  esq. 

Kent— Arthur  Pott,  of  Bentham  Hill,  Tun- 
bridge  Wells,  esq. 

Leic.—iSir  O.  J.  Palmer,  of  Wanlip,  Bart. 

Line— T.  G.  Corbet,  of  Elsham  hall,  esq. 

Monm.— Summers  Harford,  of  Sirbowy,  esq. 

Norf.— H.  VlUeboIs,  of  Marsham  House,  esq. 

Northampt.— T.  A.  Cooke,  Peterborough,  esq. 

Northumo.— W.  Lawson,  of  Longhirst,  esq. 

Notts— Sir  J.  G.  J.  Clifton,  of  Clifton,  Bart. 

Oxfordshire— Hugh  Hamersley,  of  Great 
Haseley-house.  esq. 

Rutland— S.  R.  FydeU,  of  Morcott,  esq. 

Shropshire,  Thomas  Byton.  of  Byton,  esq. 

Somerset— John  Jarrett,  of  Camerton,  esq. 

Stafford— H.  J.  Pye,  of  Clifton  Hall,  esq. 

Southampton-^ohn  Meggott  Elwes,  of  Bos- 
sington-house,  Stockbndge,  esq. 

Suffolk— G.  St.  V.  WiUion,  of  Redgrave,  esq. 

Surrey— The  Hon.  Peter  John  Locke  King,  of 
WoDurn  Fkrm.  Chertsea. 

SOBsex— J.  D.  Gilbert,  of  Eastbourne,  Esq. 

^uw.— Demster  Heming,  of  Caldecott,  esq. 

Wilts— W.  H.  F.  Talbot,  Lacock  Abbey,  esq. 

Wore.— James  Foster,  of  Stourbridge,  esq. 

Yorkshire— Sir  Thomas  Aston  Clifford  Consta- 
ble, of  Burton  ConsUble,  Bart. 

WALES 
Anglesey— Sir  L.  P.  J.  Parry,  of  Madr>-n,  Knt. 
Brecon.— R.  D.  Gough,  of  \nisredwiii,  es<i. 
Cardigan.- J.  W.  Lewis.of  Llanarchayron,  esq. 
Carmarthen.— J.  L.  Price,  of  Glangwilly,  esq. 
Carnarvon.- Hon.  E.  M.  L.  Mostyn^  Plas  Hen. 
penb.— T.  Mainwaring,of  Marchweil-hall,  esq. 
Flint.— W.  S.  Conway,  of  Bodryd<lan,  esq. 
Glamorgan.— M.  Williams,  of  Morfa.  esq. 
Merioneth.— G.  P.  Lloyd,  of  Plasyndre,  esq. 
Montg.— Thomas  Evans,  of  Maeuol,  esq. 
Ptmbrokcsh.— R.  UeweUyn,  of  Tregwynt,  esq. 
Radnor.— E.  Rogers,  of  Stanage  Park,  esq. 

Gazette  Promotions. 

Jan.  %\.  Major-Gen.  Sir  Willoughby  Cot- 
ton, K.C.B.  to  be  G.C.B.  ^       ,      ,.     ^         , 

Jan,  24.  Coldstream  Guards,  Lieut,  and 
tapt  F.  Paget  to  be  Captain  and  Lieut.-Col. 
—Scots  Fusilier  Guards,  Lieut,  and  Capt.  G. 
Moncrieffe  to  be  Capt.  and  Lieut.-Col.— Henry 
Robinson,  esq.  to  be  SUndard  Bearer  to  Her 
Majesty's  Hon.  Corps  of  Gentlemen-at-Arms, 
rii?#  Sir  T.  N.  Reeve,  retired.  ^   ,  „,^  „ 

Jan.  31.  8th  Light  Dragoons,  Capt.  J.  M'Call 
to  be  Major.— Royal  Sussex  MUitia,  Upt.  R. 
H.  Hurst  to  be  Major.    „      ,  ,     „         .     . 

Feb.  1.  MasterHenryWm.  JohnByng  to  be 
Pare  of  Honour  to  Her  Miyesty,  vice  Caven- 
dirii,  appointed  Ensign  in  the  FusiUer  Guards. 


Feb,  4.  The  Earl  or  UatawtH  to  to  Mttf 
the  Lords  in  Waiting  to  her  MiMy. 

Feb.  6.  His  Serene  Highnc«n«ncli*i 

Augustus-Charles-Emanoel    Dnke    of    , 

Pnnce  of  Saxe-Cobarg  and  GotlM,  K.O.  toke 
styled  and  called  '*  His  Royal  HigfaMM,'*  Mtan 
his  name  and  soch  titles  as  now  do^  or  hU9- 
after  may,  belong  to  him. 

Feb.  7.  His HoyalHigfanett Vtaado-AllMft- 
Augustus- Charles -Kmanuel  Dnto  of  8m^ 
Prince  of  Saxe  Cobuir  and  Gotibn,  K^.  to  mt 
and  bear  the  Royal  Anna,  difEerenccd  with  a 
label  of  three  points  Argent,  the  oentio  point 
charged  with  the  cross  of  St.  OooifCy  ^Mr- 
terly  with  the  Arms  of  his  illootrlow  toow, 
the  Royal  Arms  in  the  tint  and  fkmrtb  qnftrtOB. 
—55th  Foot,  Capt.  D.  L.  Fkwcett  to  to  UMiar. 
—00th  Foot,  Capt.  T.  W.  Eylet  to  to  M^or.- 
Unattached,  Mijor  M.  J.  Blade,  tnm  tto  fOtt 
Foot,  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel.— Brarot.  lUor  W. 
Onslow,  to  be  Lieut.-CokmeL— GoL  W.  haH 
Dinorben,  of  the  Royal  Anglesey  MlUtS^  to  be 
one  of  Her  MiO«"ty's  Aides  do  Gamp  nr  tar 
Militia  Force  *,  and  to  take  rank  ■•  ono  if  tto 
Senior  Colonels  of  Militia,  imnaedUtoly  ■fto' 
the  Junior  Colonel  of  Her  Mi^e^'s  ForoM. 

Feb.  1 3.  John  Reeve,  jun.  of  Greot  Wnlriig- 
ham,  CO.  Norf.  esq.  in  compUanoo  wttli  fte  wul 
of  his  maternal  uncle  Wbl  Brooko,  eoq.  to  tike 
the  name  of  Brooke  onlv,  and  tonr  tto  anas  if 
Brooke  in  the  first  quarter. 

Feb.  14.  Scots  FosiHer  Gnarda,  Unit,  isd 
Capt.  J.  T.  O.  Tinbman  to  beGipt.iiid  Lkvt.- 
Colonel.— WUts  Regular  Militli.  tto  Bt.  Hon. 
Sir  John  Cam  Hobhouse,  Bart,  to  to  Oiliaii, 
vice  the  Earl  of  Suffolk. 

Feb.  17.  Saml.  Rdw.  Cook,  of  Ctelloa  kil, 
Sunwick,  CO.  York,  iia.  Oooia.  &.]f.  iai 
K.T.S.,  in  compliance  with  tto  win  of  Jttm 
Widdrington,  of  Newcastle  opon  Tfai»  iiq.  to 
take  the  name  of  Widdrington  in  Uoa  of  OMfc. 

Feb.  18.  James  Baker,  esQ.  (ioaMdnio  Gto- 
Bul  at  Mobila)  to  to  Consul  Aw  tto  ptoviaoi  if 
Livonia,  to  reside  at  Riga;  Marcap  WrMt. 
esq.  to  be  Consul  at  Wiborg;  Ctoa.  Uooil  Pto- 
Gerald,  esq.  (sometime  Consul  at  Maton)  ti  to 
Consul  for  the  province  of  Mardat  to  nildB  ai 
Carthagena.  __ 

Feb.  19.  Knighted,  Tbomaa  WUda^iiq.  kw 
Majesty's  Solicitor-general,  and  ooi  of  kw 
M3«rty»s  Serjeants  at  Law  j  a^WUlBB  Mw- 
tins,  esq.  Gent.  Usher  of  tto  Sword  of  fliale^ 
and  one  of  her  Majesty's  Gent.  Uaton  IMI| 

Waiters.— Thomas Hodson  Plckorlnw .of  ' 

CO.  aiester,  sent,  in  compttaact  fntti 

of  Thomas  Hodson,  of  Cbestor  aad<tei , 

to  take  the  name  of  Hodson  in  tou  of  Flck- 

*'j?6.  21 .  17th  Foot,  Gen.  Sir  F.  A. Wcfketall, 
G.C.H.  to  to  Col.— »4th  Foo^  Mdor  A.  Qm»> 
bell  to  be  Major.-(»d  Foot,  Li«ii.-G«i.  fltr  1. 
Campbell,  Bart.  G.C.B.  to  to  OpL—TTtk  Itot, 
Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  J.  Macleod,  K.CH.  to  to  Ort. 
—Capt.  T.  Canch,  5th  Fbot,  to  to  Flort  Majjar  if 
Edinburgh  Castle.— Brevet,  Cut.  V.  ^  Gto- 
ments,  83d  Foot,  to  to  Mi^  in  tto  Armj, 

Baron  (Crofton  has  been  elected  om  if  tto 

Irish  RepresenUtive  Peers,  in  the •'^- 

late  Eari  of  Kingston. 


Mmmbin  rttmrmtd  t9  tUim 


DenMfk  Co.— Hon.  HMh 

3fea//Ce.-M.  E.Coitony,eaq. 
ibif  f«fi4.-H0B.  Charles  Oioiga  NoaL 


1840.] 


Preferments,  Births,  and  Marriages. 


313 


Eccl.KSrASTICAL   PREFERMENTS. 

Kt'V.  G.  l^-a,  tube  Prebendary' of  L.iclin<^l(l> anil 
liicuiainMit  of  Christ  Church,  Birming'hani. 

Kt'V.  J.  Baifjfe,  Templeniichael  V.  Cork. 

Kt\ .       Bel  lairs,  St.  Thomas's  P.C.  Stockport. 

Kev.  J.  Binhall,  Church  Kirk  P.C.  Lane. 

Kfv.    W.   Brewster,  Widdrintjton    P.C.   Xor- 
thumberland. 

Kt'V.  <;.  Bri^ham,  Dodding'  Green  P.C.  West- 
moreland. 

Kf\.  J.  .M'Cheane,  Killnia(i^anny  P.C.  Kilkenny. 

Kev.  K.  Collver,  Gisleham  R.  Suffolk. 

K«'v.  T.  T,  Cuftee,  Carli.sle-street  new  church, 
Lambeth,  Surrey. 

Kev.  K.  Demainbray,  Barcheston  R.  Warw. 

K«v.  K.  L.  Freer,  Mansel-Lacy  V.  Herefordsh. 

Kev.  ('.  (iayer,  Uunurlin  R.  Kerry. 

Kev.  T.  C.  Haddon,  Tunstall  P.C.  Norfolk. 

Ke\.  T.  J.  HogK,  Clunbury  P.C.  Salop. 

Kfv.  C.  K.  Kennaway,  Lansdowne  P.C.  Chel- 
tenham, (ilour. 

KrN .  J.  T.  Maine,  Brinkhill  R.  Line. 

Kfv.  I'.  .Maurice,  Hamhill  R.  Glouc. 

Kev.  J.  ().  i»arr,  Preston  V.  Lane. 

Kev.  .M.  Perrin,  Athenry  R.  Galway. 

Kev.  .M.  Phayre,  Threapwood  PC.  Flintshire. 

Kev.  J.  Roberts,  Teuipieton  R.  Devon. 

KfV.  K.  Shuttlewortli,  Penzance  P.C.  Cornwall. 

Ki'N.  A.  ."^tuart,  Ai^hadoun  V.  C^trk. 

Kev.  K.  Sluddert,  Clonlea  V.  Clare. 

Ke\ .  <;.  T.  Turner,  Monewdon  R.  Suffolk. 

Ke\.  W.  ('.  TwisM,  Kyeworth  V.  Bedfordshire. 

Kev.  J.  Wiifram,  Vjmi  Tiste<l  R.  Hants. 

Re\.  J.  Williams,  Trinity  Church  P.C.  Sheer- 
ness,  Kent. 

Kfv.  J.  Wray,  Combinteif^head  R.  Devon. 


(Ihaplains. 

Kev.  W.  Darnell,  to  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch. 

K4'\.  J.  D.  Freeman,  to  Lord  Visct.  Duneraile. 

Kt'V.  J.  liasHall,  to  the  Karl  of  Seftun. 

Ktv.  F.  .M.  Knollis,  to  Karl  Howe. 

K<>\ .  Pn»feMsor  Pindir,  to  the  Bishop  of  Bath 

and  V\«'ll*i. 
Khv.  H.  Kandolph,  to  the  Man|.  of  DowuMhire. 
K«\ .  F.  1.  Tii«on,  to  the  Karl  of  Huntin^on. 


Civil.  Preferments. 

);ime.H  Mannin;f  and  John  Halconit>e,  e84|ni. 
•  >r  the  WtMeru Circuit ;  W.  F.  Channell  and 
VV.  Shre,  es<|rs.  of  the  Home  Circuit ;  and 
K.  ('.  WrauKham,  esM^.  of  the  Northern 
riniiit,  liawb<>en  admitteil  to  the  honour- 
able clei(rt>«>  of  Serieants-at-ljftw. 

Daniel  .Maclise,  William-Freii.  Witherinirton, 
and  .Soloinon-.\lexander  Hart,  emjrs.  elected 
Ko\al  .Vcademicians,  riVe  Sir  H.  Beechey, 
C.  Ki>Hsi,  and  W.  Wilkiiut,  deceased. 

MiirKBu  ()'C4>nnell,  esq.  (late  .M.P.  for  co. 
Meat  lit.  to  l>e  First  Assistant  Ref^istrar  of 
DeeiU  for  Ireland. 

Kev.  A.  B.  INi\«<r,  to  lie  Clerical  Principal  of 
th«  N'orwiih  Diocenan  Traininf^  Institution. 


Navai.  Promotions. 
Cautaiu   KdM.  Barnard  to  the  Cambri<l^e.— 
Comm.  \V.  J.  Williams  to  the  Thunderer. 


BIRTHS. 

Jam.  23.  At  Brifhtstoue  Rectory,  Isle  of 
W  iicht,  the  wife  of  the  Ven.  Archdeacon  Wil- 

InTfune,  a  son. 33.    At   Maidstone,  Lady 

Katharine  Balder^,  a  dau. 36.  At  Derwent- 

Itnli^e,  the  Htm.  Mrs.  John  Roper  Curson,  a 
son.  -  -38.  At  Rowfant,  Sussex,  the  nife  of  C. 
Hethune,  es«|.  a  son. 

Latrljf.  In  Upper  Harley-st.  Lady  A|rneta 
Be%an,  a  son. In   Lancashire,  the  infeof 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


the  Hon.  Richard  Bootle  Wilbraham,  M.P.  • 

dau. At  Cheltenham,  the  wife  of  the  Hon. 

J.  A.  Lysaght,  a  son. In  Upper  Seymour- 

st.  the  Baroness  de    Moncono,  lady  of  the 

Portugruesc  Minister  at  this  Court,  a  dau. 

At  Kellyville,  Queen's  Co.  the  wife  of  the  Hon. 

W.  Wing^tield,  a  son. At  Ostend,  the  wife 

of  Lieut.-Col.  Fulton,  K.H.  a  dau. At  Hard- 
wick,  the  wife  of  H.  P.  Ptowys,  esq.  a  dau. 

At  Dinton-house,  Glouc.  the  »ife  of  Wm.Gist, 

esfi.ason. .\t  Evering^ham-park,  Mrs.  Wm. 

Constable  Maxwell,  a  dau. 

Feh.  4.    In  Bryanstone-so,  the  wife  of  the 
Ven.  Edw.  Pope,  D.D.  Archdeacon  of  Jamaica, 

a  son. 8.  At  Astley  Castle,  near  Coventry, 

Lady  Mary  Hewitt,  a  dau. 9.  At  Nocton, 

Line,  the  wife  of  the  Hon.  and  Very  Rev.  the 

Dean  of  Wind.sor,  a  dau. 11.   At  Lower 

Brook-.st.  the  Hon.  Mrs.  A.  Duncombc,  a  son. 

15.    At  Cornburj-  Park,  the  wife  of  the 

Hon.  Thomas  Geo.  Spencer,  a  dau. 19.  At 

Wormsley,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Frederick  Fane, 
a  son. 


MARRIAGES. 

Xor.  31 .  At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Lieut.- 
Col.  N.  Alves,  of  the  Madras  army,  to  Emily- 
Elizabeth- Eleanor,  eld.  dau.  of  the  late  W.  O. 
Greaves,  esq.  surji^eon  of  the  same  army. 

Der.  34.  At  Athens,  the  Baron  Philip  de 
Wurtzburffh,  son  of  the  Baron  de  Wurtzburrh, 
to  Anne-Bickerton-Theresa,  eldest  dau.  of  Sir 
Edmund  Lyons,  her  Majesty's  Minister  Plenip. 
in  Greece,  and  sister  of'^Lady  Fitxalan. 

Jan.  10.  At  St.  Helier's,  Jersey,  Alfred  J. 
Buxton,  younnrest  son  of  J.  Buxton,  esq.  late 
Paymaster  of  the  Mth  Inf.  to  Ann,  young^ 
dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  James  Grant,  ILN. 

14.  At  Florence,  the  Rev.  C.  Bradley,  Vicar 
of  Giasbury,  Brecknockshire,  to  Rmma,  dau. 
of  the  late  John  Linton,  eaa.  of  Clapham-rise. 

15.  At  Epsom  C*hurch,  tne  Rev.  Aufustns- 
George  How,  to  Clara- Frances,  eld.  daughter 
of  the  Rev.  J.  Darby,  Vicar  of  iikenfritb,  co. 
Monmouth,  and  Curate  of  Epsom  for  twenty. 
ei|(ht  years. 

16.  At  Old  Windsor,  the  Rev.  James  BUiott, 
of  Harttield-gTove.  Sussex,  to  Marianne-Grant, 
youngest  dau.  of  J.  C.  Clarke,  esq.  of  Coworth- 

uark,  Berks. At  St.  Georve's,  Hanover-aq. 

Lieut,  the  Hon.  (lias.  H.  Maynard,  R.  Horse 
Guards,  only  son  of  Viscount  Maynard.  to  the 
Hon.  Frances  Murray,  sister  to  Lora  Glen- 
lyon. 

18.  At  Buttevant,  Charles  Winter,  esq.  Capt. 
76th  Keg.  to  Emily-Dorcas,  dau.  of  Jamei  Nor- 
cott,  esq.  of  .Sprtni^eld,  Cork. 

3U.  At  Gretna,  William  Clarke,  esq.  of  Bris- 
tol, to  Louisa,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  F. 
Doveton,  .M.A.  of  Clifton. 

31.  At  Bettws,  CO.  Denbigh,  James-Glynne 
Bateson,  esq.  of  Liverpool,  to  Anne-Marcaret, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Philips,  Vicar 
of  Bettws. 

33.  The  Rev.  Hyde-Wyndham  Beadon,  Vicar 
of  Latton.  Wilts,  to  Frances-Isabella,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Miyor-Geu.  the  Hon.  Sir  W. 
Ponsonby,  K.C.B. 

33.  At  Clifton,  Edmund  Ix)max,  esq.  of  Net- 
ley-place,  Surrey,  to  Helena,  third  dau.  of  the 
late.Henry  O'Callaghan,  esq.  of  Clare,  Ireland. 

At  the  Chapel  of  St.  PeUr  ad  Vincula,  in 

the  Tower  of  London,  Henry  Smith,  esu.  of 
her  .Majesty's  Ordnance  Office.  Tower,  to  Cliar- 
lotteGordon,  only  dau.  of  W.  B.  Whitnall,  esq. 
of  her  Majesty's  Paymaster-general's  Office, 

Whitehall. At  Remenham.  Berks,  the  ReY. 

Augustus  Fitzroy,  Rector  of  Fakenham,  Suf- 
folk, third  son  of  the  hue  Lord  Henry  ritxroy, 
to  Emma,  sixth  dau.  of  K.  Fuller  Maitlaad, 
esq.  of  Henley. 

34.  At  Kenmure  CaaUe,  WilUim  GopUuid, 

'i  S 


314 

Mq.  a(  OdIUMiui,  to  Murlct- 


Uarriagtt. 


[Mwdi. 


ML  At  Tliljury,  mita,  H.  B.  itttnyi 

Lbn!(ilD>s-lnn,  nq,  eliieM '"■-  "  — 

jBBVmf.of Kmton--'---  ' 
dm.ofJr'^-" — 

■r.     A 


tton-place,  ta  Anoi-Uuii,  third 
Beneit,  orPvIliDDM,  etq.  U.P. 
tocklud,   Donet,    Fnncis  Du- 


;r  T.inpU,i 


younf(cit  ilaii.  of  the  Uta  BenJ.  W.  Tuckcrl 

K,  At  l>enTunitan,Ba<ro]k,  tlieBev.  C  M. 
iiiltlty,afThaberloii-liilL,  Suff.  to  Fmlerici, 
Ird  d>u.  or  Iht  Hon.  ind  Rev.  F»d.  Ho- 
Rtctor  gf  Denningtou  tod  Prebendary 

Wuehun,  Georje  Curn""    ""-  "t 
~-    ■    :li-C«lh»rin. 


C>.pi,  Donriu,  S-N.  Onnodiin  on  O* '■- 

mucm  stiAoZ ^At  Aih,   Dcst  fludwkk. 

Kent,  John  SliddOB,  wq.  g(  AA,  to  BtMhyWi 
ddntdin.  of  TliomwColtnu.OTq.  of  Oca 

HiU. AtRedentulLthaBn.TKtaDBMA- 

mui.  U.A.  Vlnr  of  B(itttii(il«a>,  tawci.  M 
Anna,  ddeat  dau.  of  th«  Irta  B**.  Jahs 
Holmei,  M.A.  Rwrtorof  SouttalMlWW.— -At 
Rdinburrh,  Willum  Gordon,  mo.  fuot  ■«■ 
nf  the  IMe  W.  Gordon,  nq.  at  Abvdanr,  la 
Albiiia  lubdlk,  eecoDd  dau.  of  Joha  Oordsa, 
eaq.  ofCiimtinif. 

Id.  At  St.  GsoTfi's,  Hu.-*q.  R.  P.  Wo«- 
rich,  esq.  of  Qoebec,  C*D«<U,  and  Bnaltoh 
Wamicksbire,  to  Htriiett,  nUct  «(  tto  tab 
lieut.-Col,  Lain  Wilker,  K.H. 

n.    At  Heunock.W.  D.  Hondiw,  aa.if 

CBllingloii,  romirifl,  to  Sanh  Knma,  UiH 

Darchwtcr,  to  Blitabeth-Calhiiine  lluiweLl.      ilau.  of  Artbur  Cbichettcr,  anq.  of  gtofcalafc^ 

wmnnat  dau.  of  thelato  Adm.  JoKnh  Han-      l>ci'on. At  KeuilnrlMi  niaea.  Lari  U- 

«elU At  Charlton  KiDg'a,  William-Lionel,      norbrn,  to  Ml»0ertr^8m]rth,  dMarofhtr 

aaeond  aon  of  the  late  Sir  H.  V,  Darell,  Bart.      Royal  llitrbimH  the  Prlncoi  at  Oaaa.^— At 
to  Uarr,  ddeat  Oau.  of  the  Ute  Sir  F.  Ford,      Great  Yarmouth,  Chnrica-Jahn  Nnir,  am. 

Bart. At  Preatbury.  W,  J-  Diion.esq.  eld-      to Amelia-Oraham,  ddmilau.  Of  —■—»•— 

•at  >on  of  William  IXion,  esq.  of  Cheltenham ,      b>ck  Lanm,  esq. >-—-''■ — ■.- 

to  laabella.  eklMit   dan.   of  Andrnr  (ireen,      Am>wenilth,Jiui.or 

(■q.  of  Codurmouth,  and  fcrand-dau.  of  the      ofC  Amnramitli,  aaq.  of 
lUa  Henry  Thompaon,  eaq.  of  Cheltenham,      •'-•-— ^-    ' —  -••*—  .-.-  - 

At  Bitton,  William  Hart,  e«).  E.  1.  avil 

SaiTJee,  yoonreal  aon  of  Ibe  late  Oen.  Hart, 
of  KJldury.  uanefal,  la  Franeea-Anne,  fburlh 
dtB.  of  Bow.  Frere,  etq. 

M.  At  firamcole,  Notti.  Edw.  Hartham,  enq. 
«Bly  aon  of  tbe  late  Very  Her.  Ibe  D«ui  of 
YoA,  to  Charkilte-eberwiii,  eldeat  dau.  of  the 

late  John  Lonjtdon,  esq. At  lambeth,  A. 

H.LooEhnan.eiq.  aeeond  wnofAiid.  Loufli- 
■an,  e«q.  of  hottiDgham-plao:.  to  Maiia-An- 
toiDelte,  dau.  of  thelate  Alciandcr  Hcotl,  eaq. 


jDda,  dau.  of  the  laic  B.  Conricaay,  aad.  af 

Twickenham-park. At  HmIcmv,  tka  Wat, 

W.  C.  Biahop,  Mlnliter  of  St.  Kathariaa'a, 
Northampt^  to  Janit,  third  dBa.af  thaMa 
Itobert  Dunbar,  eaq.  of  HlffabarrwrOTiL 

8t  .PMe^  txfllD,  Klohard  Hall, 


I*.  Ai  01.  rrur*.  uuoun,  Kionanl  tialli 
psq.  of  Copped-hall,  Tottrrldeit  to  Saaao,  daa. 

nr^enryl<eonetUher,eiq. ^At  St.  KWb, 

Ibe  Rev.  P.  Latham,  B.tXL.  aecond  bob  ofthe 

UartKinMitl 

>f  John  Hil 


, _.  Mcond  BOB  ofthe 

I.    Latham,  Vicar  of  IklUar' 
toMary-A         ■■     -    ■  -^ 


Laftfe.  At  Wtedon,  the  Dev.  Ri 
Anear  of  Uenchwortb,  Berka,  to 
dan.  of  WlUlam  Smith,  etq. 

A*.l.  At9t.  Marylebone.W.  T 
Cqrt,  Scola  FnalUer  Gi 


Elrinrtnn 


late  Oen.  BIrinelon,  to  Mary- A 

-"■  "  WllliBma,eBq.  ofFonli.  .  .. 

Brighton,  John-Henri  Uruninicll,  n 


DtB.  aWllliama,  eaq.  of  Forlland-pl. 
S.  At  Briehton,  Johr  " " 

■Ideat  ■ 


William  Wool  ley,   ._, .  ._  , 

eldeai  dan.  of  Thomas  Kiii|nley,  esq. Kdw. 

Greenr,  third  son  of  BeiiJ.  Greene,  esq.  of 
'Rosaell.aq.  to  Emily,  tbird  ilau.  of  the  Rev. 
H.  G.  Bmythies,  B.U.  Vicar  of  Stanground,™. 

Huntiniciton. AI  AI>erdi'en,Thomai  N.  Far- 

ijuhar.  e!iu.  of  Ablnnion-tt.  to  Robina-Dnfr, 

younfceat  dau.  of  Gavin  Hadden,esit. Lieut. 

Robinaun  ThDDUU,  R.X.  or  BaUynakill-houae. 
near  Walerford,  lo  Sarah,dau.  of  J.  I'.  Mun)by, 

«aq.  of  Stratford,  Kmr^.- At  Lpwinham,  Iht 

Rev.  Charles  Buroey,  M.A.  to  Anu-Jaiip,  el.lesi 
dan.  of  Simeon  Warner,  eno.  nf  Itlackhealh. 
— 'At  Kenainiton,  Hvathfit'ld  Tiippir,  e«q.  lo 
Jnlia-Ann,  only  child  of  W.GeeriniClarkaon, 

Mil. Orilln  BaaeoB.  eaf).  late  of  Itemerara, 

to  Henrietta-Loulaa,  third  dan.  of  John  Rev- 

nolda,  esq.  of  Knowle-peeu,  Stainen. At 

Petworth.^amuel  Lanr,  eaq.  of  GreekditrevI, 
Who,  to  ftliiabrth,  eldeal  dau.  of  Cliaa.  Mnr- 
ny,  eaq.  of  New  Orove,  FelVDrlh. 


fl.  At  HorniniFtan,  itemecaet,  Jatnea  Hurd, 
nq.ofValtan,  near  Bristol,  to  Jolla  Merry, 
eldeat  dau.  of  the  Rev.  T.  W.  Wickham,  Rector 

of  HoratnctOD. AtSonlhaea,  Hants,  Robl. 

l^llock,  ew).  Slh  Madru  Cav.  aecond  aon  of 
^rF.  Pollock,  M.F.  to  Ellen,  aecond  dau.  of 


eldeat  dan 
tirappenbi 


Hev.  R.  r. 
Ion,  Id  Hai 

i-H.  lit  Wi 

KT-Eliulx 

Gilbcrl,  PM|.  otBaat  Bonme,  SOBaei,  and  TTe- 

drea,  Comwall. At  81.  Loke'a,  Normod, 

iTioinu  Louhboroogh,  esq.  of  AaatlofHara, 
to  Franm-Oimelia,  aetond  dan,  of  the  lata 

Loni  Konley,  NorthombiriaDd,  by  **' '  ITiifciii 
DfUurliam.^e  Hev.  H.  J.  Maliby,  vooMt 
son  and  Chaplain  to  hli  loidahip,  to  JBIa- 
Katharlna,  younieiit  dan.  of  (.'.  W.  Blaaa,  Mu 

ufUuden. AI  Kenalngton,  J.i.iTtaS, 

i-Kg.orLei|[h[on,>lDnl(oa)eryablre,laJiillBBa- 
Mattlda,  aecond.dBD.  of  tbe  lata  Robert  DIA- 

IT.  'ai  St.  Lnke'a,  Old-atrret,  Wana  da  h 
Biie,  esq.  to  UeoTKiaiia,  younfcat  daiLOfnoB. 
Buwleit,  eau.  nf  Guemaey. 

18.  At  Meh^onib  Urgit,  H.  G.  HocUna. 
rvi.  eldeat  non  of  Henry  Hopkins,  ni!^ 
Hubborne-ludfr,  Hanla,  to  fanh,  yoount 
dau.  of  JoiKiih  Bond,  »q.  of  Touim.~— .At 
llendon,  the  Hev.  J.  B.  Bogat,  of  Dnib«TT 
I>ei-an,  only  aon  of  the  laie  Cant,  ■oaoc 
It.  H.  Art.  Id  !rophia-Kitabeth,  yDUnnslteBl 

At  Hillingd^n,  KIchanT  Wilson,  no    ai 

^'denbam,  to^mma,  third  dan.  of  H.  Raner 
«q.  Uxbndjje.— -At  «.  Pancra^  Hanrr  M- 
leau,  esq.  Ud  Rei.  lo  looua-Ana,  rawMI 
dau.  of  Henry  Pengal,  esq,  of  ToninctaH^ 

At  St.  Jarne*'*,  J.  N.  Kolt,  ta^rSammi 

R.  N.  to  Uary,  eldeal  dan.  of  Sir  w;  Bn^n. 
&.(J,ll, Fbyaidan-Gen,  ofthaNavr.        ^^ 


315 


OBITUARY. 


H.  R.  H.  THE  Landgravine  op 
Hessk  HoMBuao. 

Jan.  10.  At  Frankfort,  in  ber  70th 
year,  Her  Royal  Highness  EliKabetb, 
Princess  of  England,  Dowoger  Laudgni- 
viiic  of  Hesse  Homburg. 

The  Princess  Elizabeth  was  bom  at 
Huckingham  House  on  the  ^nd  Maj 
1770,  the  seventh  child  and  third  daughter 
of  King  George  the  Third  and  Queen 
Charlotte. 

Her  Royal  Highness,  when  living  in 
England  unmarried,  was  always  distin- 
guished for  the  propriety  of  ber  conduct, 
the  amiability  of  her  manners,  and  her 
elegant  accomplishments.  She  was  much 
attached  to  the  arts  of  design ;  and  se- 
veral of  the  productions  of  her  pencil 
were  published,  accompanied  by  the 
poetical  effusions  of  the  minor  bards  of 
the  day,  under  the  following  titles : — 

The  Birth  and  Triumph  of  Cupid ;  a 
Poem,  by  Sir  James  Bland  Burges.  4to. 
1796. 

Cupid  turned  Volunteer;  with  poeti- 
cal illustrations,  by  Thomas  Park,  F.S.  A. 
4to.  1804'. 

The  Power  and  Progress  of  Genius,  in 
A  series  of  Tweuty-one  Etchings,  fol. 
1H0(). 

Six  PoemA  illustrative  of  Engravings 
by  H.  R.  H.  the  Princess  Eliabeth, 
4to.  1813. 

After  the  peace  of  Europe  had  settled 
the  affairs  of  the  several  continental  so- 
vereigns, and  the  death  of  the  Princess 
Ohariotte  of  Wales  instigated  the  votmger 
children  of  King  George  the  Ihird  to 
provide  for  the  succession  by  forroinf  ad- 
ditional matrimonial  alliances,  the  Prin- 
ces!t  Fllizabeth  was  induced  to  accept  a 
husband  in  the  per.Hon  of  bis  Serene 
Highness  Frederick -Joseph.  Louis,  the 
Hereditary  Prince  of  Hesse  Homburg. 
The  marriage  took  place  at  the  Queen's 
palace,  Buckingham-house,  on  the  7tb 
April  1818.  As  any  matters  connected 
with  Royal  marriages  have  recently  poa- 
sf  ssed  a  more  than  usual  interest,  we  are 
tempted  here  to  subjoin  a  description  of 
the  Princess  Elizabeth's  Marriage,  writ- 
ten bv  Mr.  Rush,  Minister  Plenipoten- 
riary  from  the  United  States  of  America 
to  the  C/Ourt  of  Great  Britain,  who  was 
present  at  the  ceremony : — 

**  We  got  to  the  palace  at  seren 
i/rlock.  Pages  were  on  the  stairs  to 
conduct  us  to  the  rooms.  The  ceremony 
took  place  in  the  Tbrone-ioom.    B«fof€ 


the  throne  was  an  altar  covered  with 
crimson  velvet:  a  profusion  of  goldtn 
plate  was  upon  it ;  there  was  a  salver  of 
great  size  on  which  was  represented  the 
Lord's  Supper.  The  company  being  aa- 
sembled,  the  Bridegroom  entered,  with 
his  attendants.  Then  came  the  Queeo, 
with  the  Bride  and  royal  family.  All  ap- 
proached the  altar.  Her  Majesty  sat ;  toe 
rest  stood.  The  marriage  service  waa 
read  by  the  Archbishop  of  Canterburf. 
The  Duke  of  York  gave  the  bride  away. 
The  whole  waa  according  to  the  forms  of 
the  Church,  and  performed  with  great 
solemnity.  A  record  of  the  marriaM 
was  made.  When  all  was  finished,  toe 
Bride  knelt  before  the  Queen  to  receive 
her  blessing. 

'*  Soon  after  the  service  was  perform- 
ed, the  Bride  and  Bridegroom  set  off  for 
Windsor.  The  company  remained.  The 
evening  passed  in  high  ceremony,  with- 
out excluding  social  ease.  From  the 
members  of  the  royal  family,  the  guests 
had  every  measure  of  courtesy.  The 
conduct  of  the  Queen  was  remarkable. 
This  venerable  personage,  the  bead  of  % 
large  family — her  children  then  clusterin|^ 
about  her — the  female  head  of  a  mat 
empire — in  the  seventy-sixth  year  of  her 
age — went  the  roundls  of  the  company, 
speaking  to  all.  There  was  a  kindlineta 
in  her  manner  from  which  time  had  struck 
uway  useless  forms.  No  one  did  the 
omit.  Around  her  neck  hung  a  miniature 
portrait  of  the  King.  He  was  abaest, 
scathed  by  the  band  of  heaven ;  a  mar- 
riage going  on  in  one  of  his  palaces ;  ht, 
the  lonely,  suffering  tenant  of  another. 
But  the  portrait  was  a  token  superior  to 
a  crown !  It  bespoke  the  natural  glonr  of 
wife  and  mother,  eclipsing  the  artifteial 
glory  of  Queen." — Rusk*9  Narraihe  o/« 
Residence  qf  the  Omri  of  EnnUaU. 

The  Prince  succeeded  his  father  aa 
Landgrave  of  Hesse  Homburg,  on  the  90th 
Jsn.  1820  :  he  died  without  issue  on  the 
2nd  April  1829,  in  his  OOth  year,  and 
was  succeeded  by  his  brother  the  present 
reigning  sovereign. 

Left  a  widow  in  1820,  her  Roval  Hi^. 
ness  never  ceased  to  be  dear  to  the  familx 
of  the  Prince,  and  to  the  inhabitants  oit 
Hesse  Homburg,  whose  Tenefition  and 
attachment  she  possessed  in  the  highest 

degree. 

As  a  widow,  the  Landgravine  visited  this 
country  in  1835,  but  we  think  not  after* 
wtfdf.     She  preferred  to  become  the 


316  Obituary. — H.  R.  H.  The  Landgravine  of  Hesse  Hamburg.  [March, 


benefactress  of  tbe  country  of  her  adop- 
tion. She  continued  to  reside  at  Hano- 
ver, where  her  brother,  King  ^William 
IV.,  had  given  her  a  palace.  It  was  only 
during  the  last  three  years  that  she  passed 
the  winter  at  Frankfort.  It  was  in  this 
city  that  she  sunk  under  an  inflammation 
of  the  intestines.  This  disorder,  which 
had  been  long  combated  by  the  care  and 
ability  of  Dr.  Downie,  her  own  physician, 
but  strengthened  by  the  advanced  age  of 
the  princess,  ended  in  mortification, 
which  carried  her  off  in  a  very  short  time. 
So  far  back  as  last  April,  Dr.  Downie 
had  in  vain  entreated  her  royal  highness 
to  allow  him  to  call  in  another  physician. 
It  was  not  till  the  disorder  became  more 
alarming  that  she  consented  to  summon  Sir 
Charles  Herbert,  of  London. 

The  following  tribute  to  her  memory 
has  appeared  since  her  death  in  the  Jour, 
nal  de  Francfort : — 

"  Two  precious  qualities  enhanced  the 
splendour  of  her  birth.  If  her  mild  and 
amiable  disposition  rendered  her  the  idol 
of  the  companies  which  she  honoured 
with  her  presence*  her  beneficence  and 
charity  made  her  a  second  Providence  to 
the  distressed.  Independently  of  a  gift 
of  5,000/.  sterling,  which  she  made  annu- 
ally  to  the  municipality  of  the  town  of 
Homburg,  a  great  number  of  families, 
both  of  that  place  and  of  Frankfort,  sub- 
sisted  in  part  by  her  beneficence  ;  and 
strict  orders  were  given  to  all  the  domes- 
tics of  her  household  never  to  send  away 
unrelieved  any  poor  person  who  should 
apply  at  the  door  of  her  palace.  To  her 
may  be  truly  applied  the  Divine  precept 
—  •  Let  not  thy  left  hand  know  what  thy 
right  hand  docth  ; '  and  the  greater  part  of 
her  numerous  charities  would  have  re- 
mained in  unmerited  oblivion,  but  for  the 
affectionate  indiscretion  of  her  servants 
and  her  proteges.  It  may  be  imagined 
how  painful  her  loss  will  be  to  her  august 
relations,  and  how  many  benedictions  will 
follow  her  to  the  tomb.  She  passed 
through  the  world  doing  good." 

Her  Royal  Highness  is  said  to  have 
left  two  wills,  one  deposited  in  London, 
the  other  in  Hanover.  She  cannot  have 
made  any  great  saving  out  of  what  she  re- 
ceived from  England.  Out  of  the  sum  of 
10,000/.  a  year,  she  had  assigned  6,000/. 
per  annum  to  improve  the  finances  of 
Hesse.  In  fact,  when  she  gave  her  hand 
to  the  Landgrave,  in  consequence  of  the 
war,  and  other  unfavourable  circum- 
stances,  the  little  state,  which  is  otherwise 
not  rich,  was  burdened  with  heavy  debts. 
By  means  of  that  assistance,  and  by  tbe  j  u- 
didous  management  of  M.  Ibel,  the  Presi- 
dent, the  debts  were  so  well  regulated,  that 
the  finances  of  the  country  are  now  in  a 


good  condition.  The  jewels  of  the  de- 
ceased princess  are  said  to  be  of  greet 
value. 

Her  funeral  took  place  in  the  frmily 
mausoleum  of  the  Landgraves,  et  Heese 
Homburg,  in  the  presence  of  the  rdgning 
Landgrave  Philip,  Prince  Gustmvus,  the 
Duke  of  Nassau,  and  his  brother  Prince 
Maurice,  and  other  illustrious  relatives. 

In  her  latter  days  her  Royal  Highness 
did  not  entirely  relinquish  her  former 
elegant  amusement.  In  1834  she  hstd 
copies  made  at  Frankfort,  on  %  smaller 
scale,  of  the  20  engravings  she  had  for- 
merly engraved,  depictive  of  Genius, 
Fancy,  and  Imagination  ;  and  thej  were 
published  in  1835,  accompanied  by  some 
German  sonnets  by  Minna  Witte,  for  tbe 
benefit  of  the  poor  of  Hanover,  dedicated, 
in  a  fac-simile  letter,  to  her  brother  tbe 
Duke  of  Cambridge.  In  August  1837. 
it  was  announced  that  she  had  again  sent 
to  the  managing  committee  of  the  inlant 
school  at  Hanover,  a  sum  of  103  rix* 
dollars,  the  further  profits  on  the  work 
published  by  Her  Royal  Highness, "  Ge- 
nius, Imagination,  Pbantasie,  nach  Ent- 
wurfen  I.  K.  H.  der  Frau  Landgrfifin 
von  Hessen  Homberg,  gebomen  Frin- 
zessin  von  England,  geziechnet  von  Ram- 
berg,  roit  erkUrenden  Sonnetten  von  Min- 
na Witte."  This,  with  the  sums  pre- 
viously forwarded  to  the  committee,  made 
the  profits  then  realized  upon  the  sale  of 
the  work  amount  to  900  nx-dollars. 


Marchioness  Dowager  of  Hastings. 


Jan.  9.  At  Kelbume  Castle,  tbe 
of  the  Earl  of  Glasgow,  in  her  CKHh  year, 
the  Right  Hon.  Flora  Mure  Campbell- 
Rawdon- Hastings,  Marchioness  dowi^er 
of  Hastings;  Countess  of  Loodoon 
(1633),  Baroness  Campbell  of  LoadouB 
(1601),  Farrinyean,  and  Machiine,  in  tbe 
peerage  of  Scotland. 

Her  Ladyship  was  bom  at  Edlnbufgfa, 
Sept.  2,  1780,  the  only  child  of  Major- 
Gen.  James  ilfth  Earl  of  Loudoun,  by 
Flora,  eldest  daughter  of  John  Madeoa» 
of  Rasay,  co.  Inverness.  Her  mother  died 
in  giving  her  birth  ;  and  her  father  died 
on  the  28th  April,  1786,  when  she  was 
only  in  her  sixth  year.  She  thereupon 
became  a  peeress  of  Scotland,  by  tbe  title 
of  Countess  of  Loudoun. 

Her  infancy  was  intrusted  to  the  care 
of  the  Earl  and  Countess  of  Dumfriea, 
with  whom  her  Ladyship  constantlj  re- 
sided, until  the  death  of  the  Earl  in  1803. 
She  was  married  at  Lady  Perth's^  in 
Grosvenor-square,  London,  on  the  18th 
July,  l&Oif  to  Frauds  Earl  of  Moira,  thn 
Commander-in-chief  of  the  Foraie  ia 
Scotland,  His  Royal  Highneta  the  Piioot 


1840.] 


Obituary.— r/*^  Archbishop  of  Paris* 


317 


of  Wales  gave  away  the  bride,  and  the 
ceremony  was  performed  by  Bishop 
Porteiis. 

The  distinguished  career  of  the  Earl 
t)f  Moira,  who  was  advanced  to  the  title 
of  the  Marquess  of  Hastings  in  1816,  is 
well  known.  He  died  on  the  28ih  Nov. 
18*26,  leaving  five  children,  of  whom  the 
late  Lady  Flora,  whose  lamentable  fate 
was  recorded  in  our  last  volume,  p.  321, 
was  the  eldest,  born  at  Edinburgh,  11th 
Feb.  1806.  The  next  child  died  soon 
after  birth ;  and  the  present  Marquess 
was  born  in  London  on  the  4th  Feb. 
1808,  and  baptized  with  great  pomp  on 
the  7th  April  following,  the  Prince  of 
Wales  being  one  of  the  sponsors.  He 
has  now  by  his  mother's  death  succeeded  to 
her  Scotish  dignities,  and  is  a  Peer  of  each 
of  the  three  kingdoms.  It  is  remarkable 
that  he  also,  as  his  father,  has  married  a 
Peeress  in  her  own  right,  the  Baroness 
(rrey  de  Kuthyn.  The  Marchioness's 
other  children  are  daughters,  at  present 
uiiniarried. 

Her  Ladyship  had  occupied  the  resi- 
dence of  the  Earl  of  Glasgow  for  the  last 
few  weeks,  in  the  hope  that  the  mildness 
of  the  climate  at   Kelburne  during   the 
winter  would  prove  beneficial  to  her  shat- 
tered health,  .\lthough  her  Ladyship's  con- 
stitntioii  was  much  impaired  by  the  severe 
affliction  she  and  her  family  have  under- 
gone, yet  she  did  not  feel  alarmingly  or 
verioubly    indisposed    until    three     days 
lM*fore  her  decease.     Her  medical  attend- 
Hilt  is  of  opinion  that  the  immediate  cause 
of  her  death  was  water  on  the  brain,  and 
that  this  disrate  was  the  result  of  extreme 
mental  anxiety  and  distress.     The  body 
was  deposited  by  that  of  her  lamented 
daughter  in  the  mausoleum  at  Loudoun 
rasrlc.      The    last    and    rather  romantic 
request   of   the  late  Marquess  has  been 
comi>lied  with.     During  his  fatal  illness 
(at    .Malta),    on    learning  that    the  Mar- 
rhioncMs  eould  not  be  buried  in  the  same 
plurc  HM  his  own  body,  he  desired    the 
medical  gt  ntleman   who  attended  him  to 
(  ut  off  his  right    hand  after    death,    to 
be    prcHcrved    and    placed    in  the  coflin 
with  the  l)ody  of  his  lady,  in  token  of  his 
great    Hffectioii.     This    was   accordingly 
done. 


TiiK  Archbishop  OP  Paris. 

Dfc.'M.  At  Paris,  in  his  62d  year, 
Count  Hyacintbe  Louis  de  Qu^lcn, 
Archbishop  of  Paris,  Peer  of  France, 
(Commander  of  the  Order  of  the  Holy 
(rhost,  and  Member  of  the  Academie 
Fran<;ai8e. 

M.  de  Quelcn,  descended  from  an  an. 
cient  Breton  family  allied  to  the  Dukes 
d'  Aiguillon,  was  bom  in  Paris  the  8tU  Oct. 


1778,  and,  being  destined  for  the  church, 
was  entered  in  due  time  at  the  celebrated 
Ecclesiastical   Seminary  of  St.   Sulpice, 
where  he  greatly  distinguished    himself 
by  his  proficiency  in  all  branches  of  class, 
ical  and  theological  learning.    After  har- 
ing  been  admitted  into  Holy  Orders,  and 
into  the  Priesthood,  he  became  attached 
to  Cardinal  Fesch,  and  was  charged  by 
his  Eminence  with  the  formation  of  his 
ecclesiastical  household ;  on  the  disgrace 
of  the  Emperor*8  uncle  he  followed  him 
into  exile,  and  refused  to  accept  the  place 
of  Chaplain  to  the  Empress  Maria  Louisa, 
which  the  Abb^  de  Pradt,  Archbishop  of 
Mechlin,  had  obtained  for  him.    Suose- 
quently,  however,  M.  de  Qu^len  returned 
to  Pans,  and  remained  there  till  the  resto- 
ration as  one  of  the  assistant  clerg]rmen 
of  the  church  of  St.  Sulpice.     On  the 
return    of   the    Bourbons,    Cardinal  de 
Talleyrand*  Perigord,  Archbishop  of  Paris, 
presented  him  to  Louis    XVIIL,  who 
honoured  him  with  his  confidence;  and 
M.  de  Qu^len  took  part  in  all  the  eccle- 
siastical negotiations  that  were  carried  on 
at  that  time  with  the  court  of  Rome  con. 
cerning  various  concordaii  for  the  GalUcan 
church.   He  was  appointed  Vicar- General 
of  the  Grand  Almonry ;  was  then  conse. 
crated  Bishop  of  Samosata,   in  partilma 
injidelium,  and    was    ultimately    named 
coadjutor,   with  the  right  of  succession, 
to  his  friend    and    benefactor    Cardinal 
Talleyrand,  in  the  metropolitan    see   of 
Paris.     Having   become  Archbishop   on 
the  death  of  the   Cardinal  in  1821,  M. 
de  Qu<^len  was  raised  to  the  Peerage,  in 
virtue  of  his   office;    and  in   182i  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Academie  Fran. 
caise,  in  the  room  of  Cardinal  de  Beausset 
deceased.     In  the  Chamber  of  Peers  the 
Archbishop  distinguished  himself  by  an 
elevated  and  firm  line  of  political  conduct  { 
was  a  warm  and  conscientious  supporter 
of  the  Bourbons,  but  always  preserved  his 
connection  and  friendship  with  the  dis. 
tinguished  personages  of  the  empire  who 
formed  his  early  fnends.     At  the  revolu- 
tion of  1830  the  Archbishop  of  Paris  made 
no  secret  of  his  fidelity  to  his  legitimate  so- 
vereign, and  his  disapprobation  of  the  new 
order  of  thinn.     As  an  ecclesiastical  peer 
he  was  excluded  from  the  Upper  Chamber, 
and    as    a    clergyman    and    a    leading 
partisan  of  the  fallen  dynasty  was  chosen 
by  the  government  and  the  mob  as  a  pe- 
culiar object  of  persecution.     In  1831,  at 
the  time  of  the  sack  of  the  church  of  St. 
Germain  TAuxerrois,  the  Archiepiscopal 
jmlacc  was  assailed  with  peculiar  fury  by 
the  populace,  encouraged  by  the  ministry 
of  the  day  and  headed  by  officers  of  the 
National  Guards,  and  various  persons  of 
influence  with  the  bourgeoiste  of  Parii, 


318 


Obituart. — The  Archbishop  of  Paris. 


[MmkA, 


The  ancient  and  interesting  residence  of 
the  prelates  of  this  capital,  built  by 
Bishop  Maurice  de  Sully,  on  the  southern 
side  of  the  cathedral,  was  in  the  course  of 
two  days  levelled  with  the  ground.  The 
infuriate  mob  threw  all  the  Archbishop's 
library,  all  his  furniture  and  valuables, 
into  the  Seine  that  flowed  beneath  the 
windows  ;  broke  up  and  stole  most  of  his 
plate,  and  abstracted  all  the  money  found 
in  the  palace.  The  Arclibisho))  had  a 
few  days  before  received  213,0(X)fr.  on 
account  of  bis  brother,  being  the  proceeds 
of  the  sale  of  an  estate.  This  sum  was 
taken  away  by  the  mob ;  and  the  total 
amount  of  other  property  destroyed  or 
lost  was  estimated  at  400,000  fr.  The 
Archbishop,  had  he  fallen  into  the  hand» 
of  the  mob,  would  certainly  have  been 
sacrificed ;  fortunately,  this  was  not  the 
case,  and  the  fickle  fury  of  the  Parisian 
rabble  speedily  passed  over.  It  was  on 
this  occasion  that  the  people  broke  into 
the  vestry  of  Notre  Dame,  and  cut  up  the 
splendid  vestments  of  the  priests  given  by 
Napoleon,  together  with  the  Emperor's 
own  coronation  robe,  in  order  to  get  at  the 
golden  ornaments  with  which  they  were 
studded.  A  more  disgraceful  scene  hardly 
occurred  even  during  the  great  revolution  ; 
and  it  is  one  of  the  many  faults  with 
which  the  new  dynasty  may  be  fairly  re- 
proached, since  it  was  fully  in  the  power 
of  the  government  to  have  prevented  it. 

The  Archbishop  was  too  sensible  of 
his  own  dignity  to  demand  any  compensa- 
tion for  his  losses  from  the  Govcnimcnt 
or  municipality  of  Paris  ;  and  neither  the 
latter  body  nor  the  legislature  have  ever 
had  either  the  honour  or  the  justice  to 
offer  him  any  indemnification.  The  pre- 
late took  up  his  town  residence  in  the 
Convent  of  the  Dames  du  Sacr/"-  Opur,  in 
the  Kuc  de  Varennes,  and  thenceforth 
spent  his  time  between  that  place  and 
tne  country  seat  of  the  Archbishops,  at 
Conflans,  just  above  Paris.  On  the 
breaking  out  of  the  cholera  in  \Ki2,  the 
leal  of  the  Archbishop  for  his  suffering 
flock  knew  nu  bounds :  his  comparatively 
slender  means  were  given  all  in  aid  of  the 
sick,  and  after  the  cessation  of  that  scourge 
he  instituted  a  noble  foundation  for  the 
education  and  maintenance  of  the  young 
girls  who  had  been  left  orphans  by  this 
public  calamity. 

The  first  time  of  any  public  recognition 
of  Louis  Philippe  being  made  by  the 
Archbishop  was  in  1835,  on  occasion  of 
the  attempt  by  Fieschi ;  on  that  occasion 
the  head  of  the  state  went  to  Notre 
Dame  to  return  thanks  for  his  escape,  and 
he  was  received  at  the  door  of  the  cathe- 
dral by  the  prelate  at  the  head  of  his  clergy. 
j\lthough  subsequently  to  this  period  on 

rather  letter  terms  mth  the  new  court,  the 


Archbishop  kept  studiously  aloof  ftom  At 
Tuileries  and  the  politiGiaiii  of  the  dsf. 
He  baptized  the  infant  son  of  tlio  Dike 
and  Duchess  of  Orleans  in  I8S89  but  le* 
fused  to  proceed  to  christen  hiniv  baoutse 
the  court  wished  the  Grand  DiidioH  of 
Mecklenbui^g-Schwerin,  who  is  a  Pio- 
testant,  to  stand  as  godmotlwr  1— «  eon- 
pliance  with  which  wish  would  have  btaa 
impossible  for  a  Catholic  prelate  to  gife. 

The  last  moments  of  M.  de  Quflen 
were  worthy  of  a  pious  and  sincere  Chris- 
tian. He  performed  all  the  datiet  en- 
joined by  toe  rubric  of  that  church  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  leading  dipii- 
taries.  The  painful  crisia  of  hit  001^ 
plaint,  (the  dropsy)  and  the  tortures  of 
slow  suffocation,  which  generally  attend 
it,  he  supported  with  the  greatest  forti- 
tude ;  remaining  seated  in  his  arm-cbair, 
for  he  could  not  bear  the  horisontal  posi- 
tion of  a  bed,  receiving  all  who  came  to 
him,  and  giving  his  mistond  benedictioa 
to  all  around  him.  The  members  of  Us 
family,  between  whom  and  himself  a  very 
warm  attachment  always  subsisted,  were 
in  constant  attendan  ce ;  his  Ticars-geneisl 
and  his  sccularies  were  by  his  side ;  the 
Papal  Internuncio  had  an  interview  with 
him  on  the  eve  of  his  decease,  and  Sisters 
of  Charity  performed  the  offices  of  nurses. 

On  the  following  day  the  Archbisbop'k 
body,  after  having  been  washed  by  his  se- 
cularies  according  to  the  rules  of  the 
Church,  and  after  having  been  emhalased 
by  the  new  method,  wmch  obviates  any 
operation  of  dissection,  was  arrayed  in  the 
robes  in  which  he  received  bia  episcopsl 
consecration  ;  it  was  then  laid  on  a  bed  of 
state  with  the  mitre  on  the  head,  the 
hands  with  the  episcopal  ring  by  his  side, 
the  crozier  and  cross  also  by  the  side,  the 
face  uncovered  with  closed  eyes  as  if  in 
sleep,  and  wai  thus  exposed  to  public  view 
in  the  Chapel  of  the  Convent  of  the  Sacri 
Coeur,  where  he  died,  until  the  4th  Jan., 
about  three  thousand  persons  coming  every 
day  to  visit  it ;  ana  the  more  devout 
bringing  chaplets,  rings,  handkerchiefti 
and  other  articles  to  touch  the  hands  or 
face  of  the  deceased,  and  to  be  afterwards 
preserved  as  sacred  mementos  of  their 
revered  pastor. 

The  Archbishop  died  without  any 
money  and  without  any  debts  !  It  became 
a  question  of  importance  by  whom  the 
expenses  of  his  funeral  were  to  be  de- 
frayed ;  and  before  it  was  known  that  his 
brother,  a  gentleman  by  no  means  rich* 
and  other  members  of  his  family  intended 
to  sustain  all  the  charges  themselves,  ap- 
plication was  made  by  the  Chapter  of 
Notre  Dame  to  the  Government*  oat  was 
refused  ;  indirect  application  waa  wmdm  la 
the  Munidpat  Council  of  Paria,  bat  the 
Prefect  declared   that   the  propnitiM 


1840.] 


0BiTUAET.**Gtf»tfr«7  iSiV  JaiMU  Duff. 


319 


could  not  even  be  entertained !  Louis 
Philippe,  at  this  conjuncture,  sent  12,0(X)fr. 
to  the  Chapter,  and  that  body,  on  learn, 
iri^  the  intention  of  M.  de  Qu^len's  family, 
decided  on  appropriating  this  sum  to  cha- 
ritable purposes.  A  subscription,  set  on 
foot  by  the  Princess  de  Beauffremont, 
had  been  filled  up  to  a  large  amount  in  a 
few  hours,  but  this  testimony  of  private 
respect  was  not  needed.  The  revenues 
of  the  Metropolitan  see  of  Paris  arc  under 
60,IHH)  francs  or  2000/.  per  annum. 

On  the  4th  January  the  Archbishop's 
body  was  transferred  to  the  Cathedral 
Church  of  Notre  Dame,  where  it  was  de- 
posited in  the  Lady  Chapel  behind  the 
choir,  and  lay  there  in  state  till  the  9tb, 
when  the  solemn  interment  took  place. 
During  this  interval  the  clerj^yofall  the 
churches  in  Paris  came  in  bodies,  at  ap- 
pointed hours  of  succession,  to  sprinkle 
holy  water  on  the  corpse  and  to  pray  by 
its  kide  ;  while  the  public  were  allowed  to 
circulate  through  the  aisles  of  the  great 
edifice,  to  go  in  front  of  the  Lady  Chapel, 
where  they  might  see  the  body  and  so 
])usH  on.  The  crowd  was  so  great  for  the 
four  da)*s  that  this  lasted  that  a  long  tile 
of  many  hundreds  of  people  was  formed 
outside  the  Cathedral  from  an  early  hour 
in  the  morning  till  dark  waiting  their 
turns  of  admisi>ion. 

The  interior  of  the  Cathedral  was 
hung  in  black  round  the  nave  and  choir  up 
to  the  trifurium  galleries  :  in  the  midst  of 
the  choir  was  placed  a  gorgeous  catafalque 
covered  with  black  velvet  studded  with 
silver  stars  and  tears,  and  over  it  a  black 
velvet  canopy,  above  which  were  the  ar- 
mori.il  bearings  of  the  Archbishop  as  a 
C  onnt. 

The  clergy  and  family  of  the  deceased 
were  in  the  choir;  the  members  of  the 
iuHtituteand  the  personal  friends  of  the 
prelate  in  the  nave  and  transept :  the 
*•  Oriihans  of  the  Cholera"  and  the  Sis- 
ttTs  of  Charity  were  near  the  high  altar. 
All  the  clergy  of  Paris  followed  the 
Chapter  of  Notre  Dame  in  procession 
round  the  (.'athedrnl  to  fetch  the  body 
which  had  been  enclosed  in  a  triple  coffin 
Irom  the  i^dy  Cha|»cl  to  the  choir.  Here 
It  was  placed  on  the  catafalque  with  lofty 
taper>  ranged  ut  each  side,  some  of  them 
burning  blue  lights ;  and  the  solemn  mass 
ot  th«"  dead  commenced.  The  officiating 
prelate  wum  the  Bishop  of  Cbartrcs,  head 
sutfriigan  of  the  province :  he  was  assisted 
by  two  of  the  titular  canons  as  deacon  and 
Mib.deai'on,  and  by  the  grand  vicar  and 
another  canon  as  priests.  Near  the  cata- 
falque stood  the  other  suffragan  Bishops 
o(  Versailles,  Orleans,  Baiuvais,  and 
Meaux.  in  the  sanctuary  were  the  Papal 
Inlernuncio,  tbc  Arcbbithopi  of  Lyoof, 


Auch,  and  Chalcedon,  and  the  Bishops 
of  Viseu,  Morocco,  and  Dijon.  The 
service  was  chanted  without  the  organ  by 
the  full  choir ;  after  the  mass  was  con- 
cluded the  five  suffraig^  Bishops  pro- 
nounced each  their  absolution  ;  the  Bishop 
of  Chartres  advanced  to  the  opening  of 
the  vault  of  the  Archbishops  in  front  of 
the  altar,  and  while  the  Deprqfundis  was 
sung  the  coffin  was  lowered  to  its  final 
resting  place.  All  the  persons  present 
were  subsequently  admitted  to  sprinkle 
holy  water  on  the  entrance  of  'the  tomb  ; 
and  the  stone  covering,  having  been  re- 
placed, was  sealed  up. 

The  deceased  prelate  was  very  tall,  with 
a  handsome  and  benevolent  countenance, 
an  air  of  great  dignity,  and  when  at  the 
altar,  it  might  be  almost  said,  of  elegance. 
No  one  better  understood  or  more  exactly 
practised  all  the  little  formalities  of  the 
Catholic  ritual.  He  has  left  two  brothers ; 
the  Count  Amable  de  Qu^len,  formerly 
Deputy  for  the  Cotes  du  Nord  in  Brettany, 
and  the  Viscount  de  Qu^len,  formerly 
Colonel  of  the  fifteenth  Dragoons;  besides 
numerous  nephews  and  nieces. 

The  see  of  Paris  from  the  time  of  the 
first  Bishop  St.  Denis,  A.D.  2o0,  num. 
bered  one  hundred  and  ten  Bishops  up  to 
1(322,  when  it  was  erected  into  an  Arch- 
bishopric by  Pope  Gregory  XV.:  after 
this  period,  and  including  M.  de  Qu^len, 
the  number  of  Archbishops  has  been 
thirteen. 


Ge.veral  Sir  James  Durr. 

Dec,  5.  At  Funtington,  near  Chi- 
Chester,  in  his  87th  year,  General  Sir 
James  Duff,  Knt.  Colonel  of  the  50th 
regiment  of  Foot;  the  oldest  genenl 
officer  in  the  army. 

This  veteran  officer  was  appointed 
Ensign  in  the  1st  Foot-guards  on  the 
IBth  April,  1769;  Lieutenant  and  Cap- 
uin  1775;  Adjutant  1777.  He  received 
the  honour  of  knighthood  on  the  SOth 
April,  1779,  on  occasion  of  acting  as 
proxy  for  Sir  James  Harris  at  the  instal- 
lation of  the  Bath,  being  then  styled  of 
Kinstoure,  North  Britain.  He  wis 
promoted  to  be  Captain  and  Lieut.- Col. 
1780 ;  Colonel  in  the  army  1790 ;  Majorl 
General  17fM»;  3d  Major  in  the  1st  Foot- 
guards  1795,  1st  Major  1797.  He  com- 
manded the  garrison  at  Limerick  in  1796 
and  1799,  and  opened  the  communication 
to  Dublin,  which  was  then  cut  off  by  the 
rebel  forces.  His  aid-de  camps  at  that 
time  were  the  present  Major- General 
Napier  and  Major- General  Sir  James 
Douglas.  He  was  appointed  Colonel  of 
the  .50th  Foot,  Au^.  1,  1798;  was  raised 
to  the  rank  of  Lieut.- General  in  1801 
and  to  that  of  full  Genenl  in  1809.         ' 


320  Obituary.— -4rfw.  Sir  Henri/  Trollope,  G.C.B. 


[March, 


Adm.  Sir  Henry  Trollopk. 
Nov.  2.     At   Freshford,    near  Bath, 
in  his  84'th  year,   Sir  Henry  Trollope, 
Admiral  of  the  Red,  and  G.C.B. 

Sir  Henry  TroUope  was  a  native  of 
Norwich.  He  was  a  second  cousin  of 
the  late  Sir  John  Trollope,  of  Casewick, 
CO.  Lincoln,  Bart,  being  a  son  of  John 
Trollope,  esq.  (grandson  of  the  third 
Baronet)  by  Anne  Guyon.  His  elder 
brother,  Thomas,  was  a  Colonel  in  the 
urmv. 

He  entered  the  Royal  Navy  in  1770. 
He  was  present  at  the  battles  of  Lex- 
ington and  Bunker's  Hill ;  was  employed 
by  Lord  Duncan  in  quelling  the  insur. 
rection  in  Virginia,  and  afterwards  at  the 
siege  of  Boston,  and  assisted  at  the  taking 
of  Rhode  Island.  In  1777  he  was  ap- 
pointed third  Lieutenant  of  the  Bristol, 
50  guns,  and  assisted  at  the  attack  of 
Forts  Montgomery  and  Clinton,  and 
afterwards  of  Philadelphia  and  Mud 
Island. 

On  the  commencement  of  the  war  with 
Holland,  Lieut.  Trollope  distinguished 
himself  by  his  activity  in  the  command  of 
the  Kite  cutter,  in  which  his  services 
were  so  highly  approved,  that  Lord  Sand- 
wich thought  fit  to  raise  that  vessel  to 
the  establishment  of  h  sloop  of  war,  by 
which  Mr.  Trollope  obtained  the  rank  of 
Commander.  In  the  spring  of  1781  he 
accompanied  Vice- Adm.  Darby's  squa- 
dron to  the  relief  of  Gibraltar,  and  on 
the  4th  June  following  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  Post- Captain. 

His  first  ship  with  that  rank  was  the 
Rainbow  44,  armed  entirely  with  carron- 
ades  (an  experiment  of  Capt.  Keith 
Stewart),  in  which,  on  the  4th  Sept.  1782, 
he  captured  off  Ushant  the  P>ench  frigate 
Hebe,  of  38  guns,  but  300  tons  greater 
weight,  and  manned  with  100  more 
men.  This  was  nearly  the  last  action  of 
that  war. 

In  1790,  on  Capt.  TroUopc's  applying 
for  employment,  Lord  Chatham,  then 
First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  asked  him 
whether  he  would  take  a  28-gun  ship  im- 
mediately,  or  wait  for  a  larger  frigate. 
'*  An  eight-and- twenty  now,  "  was  his 
ready  reply;  which  so  pleased  Lord 
Chatham,  that,  on  the  following  day,  he 
received  his  commission  for  la  Prudente 
of  38  guns ;  and  in  the  following  year  he 
was  appointed  to  the  Hussar  frigate,  in 
which  he  was  employed  on  the  Mediter- 
ranean station. 

In  1793  he  was  appointed  to  the  Glat- 
ton  of  56  guns,  a  ship  then  purchased 
from  the  East  India  service ;  and  during 
the  ensuing  winter  and  spring  he  was 
employed  in  the  North  sea.  On  the 
14th  July  1796,  when  cruising  off  Hel- 
voetsluys,  he  unexpectedly  fell  into  the 
18 


midst  of  a  French  squadron,  which 
at  first  mistaken  for  Bridab.      It 
found  to  consist  of  three  large 
two  smaller,  and  a  cutter;  bet 
other  frigate  and  a  large  Inig,  about  to 
join  them  to  leeward.     Nothing  daunted 
at  so  formidable  a  force,  but  Gontideriog 
the  encounter  as  a  fair  opportunity  for 
trying  the  effect  of  the  heavj  carronade* 
with  which  the  Ghitton  was  equipped. 
Capt.  Trollope  selected  the  huigett  venel 
for  attack,  and  was  shortly  alter  enga^ 
with  one  on  each  side,  into  both  of  which 
the   Glatton  opened  her  fire  with  tre- 
mendous effect,  and  finally  put  the  whole 
to  flight.     A  particuhir  account  of  tbi« 
action  is  given  in  James*8  Naval  Histonr: 
and  it  conveys  a  highly  honourable  view 
of  the  conduct  of  the    Glatton.      The 
prompt  decision  of  Capt.  Trollope  to  be- 
come the  assailant  when  two  of  the  op- 
ponent ships  were  of  greater  weight  tban 
his  own,  no  doubt  bad  the  effect  of  dis- 
maying the  enemy;  and  there  it  every 
probability  that,  had  any  other  of  the 
British  cruisers  arrived  in  time,  aome  of 
the   French  squadron  would  have  been 
captured.      The  merchants  of  Loudon 
presented  Capt.  Trollope  with  a  piece  of 
plate  of  the  value  of  100  guineas,  in  tes- 
timony of  the  high  sense  which  they 
entertained  of  his  conduct ;  and  it  was 
understood  that  the  honour  of  knighthood, 
afterwards  conferred  by  the  King,  was 
intended  to  have  reference  especudly  to 
this  achievement.     A  picture  of  the  en- 
gagement, painted  by  H.  Singleton,  was 
exhibited  at  the  Royal  Academy  in  18M. 

In  the  summer  of  1797  Capt.  Trollope 
removed  into  the  Russell  y4  ;  and  ia 
October  following  he  was  left  with  a 
small  squadron  to  watch  the  Dnteh  fleet 
in  the  Texel,  during  the  absence  of  Adm. 
Duncan,  who  had  proceeded  to  Yamumth 
roads  to  refit  his  ships.  The  enemy 
availed  themselves  of  this  opportunity  to 
put  to  sea ;  but,  by  the  vigilance  of  Capt. 
Trollope,  Adm.  Duncan  was  immediatelv 
apprised  of  their  sailing,  a  service  which 
he  acknowledged  in  these  words  :  **  Gap- 
tain  Trollope' s  exertions  and  active  good 
conduct,  in  keeping  sight  of  the  enemy's 
fleet  until  I  came  up,  have  been  truly 
meritorious,  and  I  trust  will  meet  a  just 
reward.**  We  need  scarcely  add  that 
the  result  was  the  glorious  victory  of 
Camperdown. 

On  the  dOth  of  the  same  month,  the 
King,  being  anxious  to  visit  his  ▼ictoriooa 
fleet,  embarked  at  Greenwich  on  board 
the  Royal  Yacht,  commanded  on  this 
occasion  by  Capt.  Trollope  :  but,  curing 
to  a  foul  wind,  was  prevented  from  pro- 
ceeding beyond  Gravesend,  and  thermn 
returned  two  days  after.  Ptevioodjr  to 
his   hmding,  his  Miyeity  confiBncd  « 


1840.]     Adm.  Sir  Henry  Trollopc-^Rear-Adnu  F,  G.  Bond. 


321 


i^apt.  Trollope    the  honour  of  knight- 
hood, saying,  <*  I  was  in  hopes  to  have 
knighted  you  on  the  quarter-deck  of  the 
V^enerable."     It   was  at  first  announced 
that  Capt.  Trollope  had  on  this  occasion 
received  the  ancient  dignity  of  a   Knight 
Banneret ;     but     to    this    some    official 
objections     were     subsequently    raised, 
and  it  was  decided  by  a  resolution   of 
the    Privy     Council,     that    a     Knight 
Banneret  could  only  be  made  in  the  field 
where  a  battle  had  actually  been  fought, 
and  in  which  the  person  so  created  had 
borne  a  part.     Sir  Henry  was  therefore 
considered  a  knight  bachelor.     He  was 
one  of  the  officers  who  walked  in  their 
Majesties*  procession   to  St.   Paul's,  on 
the  day  of  Thanksgiving,  Dec.  19,    1797  ; 
when  His  Majesty  particularly  introduced 
him  to  the   Queen,  saying,  **  This  is  Sir 
Henry  Trollope;   and  Lord  Duncan  will 
never  forget  that  he  owes  his  victory  to 
Sir  Henry's  keeping  so  good  watch  on 
the  Dutch   fleet,  and   showing  them  to 
liitn  in  the  day  of  battle." 

In  the  following  year,  Sir  Henry  Trol- 
lope, continuing  with  the  Russell,  served 
in  the  Channel  Meet;  and  he  afterwards 
commanded  the  Juste  84,  on  the  same 
service.  He  \vas  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Hear- Admiral,  Jan.  1,  I80I ;  to  that 
(»f  Vici. Admiral,  Nov.  9,  1805;  and 
full  Admiral,  Aug.  12,  1812.  He  was 
created  an  extra  K.C.B.  on  occasion  of 
the  coronation  of  King  George  IV.  May 
'iO,  18*.^;  and  advanced  to  the  rank  of  a 
(J.C.B.  Mtnr  19,  1831. 

Sir  H.  Trollope  married,  about  1782, 
Miss  Fanny  Best;  but  lost  his  wife  in  1816, 
uiid  had  no  children.  A  nephew  resided 
with  him.  His  death  ensued  from  an  act 
of  insanity,  which  at  his  advanced  age  ap- 
pears peculiarly  lamentable.  He  had  for 
the  lai«t  forty  years  been  subject  to  the 
gout,  which  latterly  affected  his  head,  and 
was  no  doubt  the  cause  of  his  committing 
the  rash  act.  On  the  inquest,  James 
Kelson,  gardener,  stated  that  be  had  lived 
with  the  deceased  for  upwards  of  sixteen 
years,  and  had  slept  in  the  room  with  him 
for  the  last  five  or  six  months.  De- 
ceased always  went  to  bed  with  an  open 
knife  in  his  hand,  wrapped  up  in  his 
handkerchief,  in  order,  as  he  stated,  that 
he  might  be  ready  to  ittab  the  first  person 
that  broke  into  his  room.  He  kept  a 
blunderbuss,  a  knife,  and  several  brace 
of  pistols  in  the  bed-room;  and  had  long 
been  impressed  with  the  idea  that  some 
person  had  an  intention  to  break  into  bis 
room  and  rob  him.  On  the  morning  of 
his  death,  be  had  obtained  from  his 
nephew  his  powder-flask,  saying,  he 
should  like  to  see  it  once  more.  Shortly 
afterwards  Mr.  Trollope  went  out,  and 
when  he  came  home  he  was  infonned  that 

G£NT.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


Sir  Henry  had  shut  himself  up  in  his 
room,  and  locked  his  door.  Mr.  Trollope 
thought  nothing  of  this,  as  deceased  was 
frequently  in  the  habit  of  doing  so.  He 
had  not,  however,  been  at  home  more 
than  10  minutes  when  he  heard  a  report 
of  a  pistol,  and  on  breaking  open  the 
door,  the  deceased  was  found  lying  across 
the  bed,  his  head  completely  blown  awav. 
The  pistol  used  was  a  boarding  pistol ; 
it  was  shattered  in  many  places,  and  there 
was  no  doubt  that  it  had  been  loaded  up 
to  the  muzzle.  His  body  was  interred  in 
the  vault  underneath  St.  James's  church, 
Bath. 


R£AR- Admiral  F.  G.  Bond. 

Oct.  26.  At  his  residence  in  £xeter/ 
aged  74,  Rear-Admiral  Francis  Godol- 
phin  Bond. 

He  was  bom  in  the  year  1765.  At 
eleven  years  of  age,  he  entered  the  Navy, 
in  the  Southampton  frigate.  Two  years 
after,  when  Ijring  in  the  Shannon,  he  was 
blown  up,  together  with  four  others,  in  a 
French  frigate  taken  by  the  Crescent. 
Whilst  in  the  Crescent,  a  28-gun  frigate, 
commanded  by  the  Hon.  Captain  Paken- 
ham,  and  in  company  with  the  Flora  of 
36  guns,  he  was  engaged  with  two  large 
Dutch  frigates  off  Gibraltar,  in  a  severe 
action,  which  lasted  two  hours  and  a  half, 
and  in  which  the  Crescent  had  97  men 
killed  and  wounded.  At  the  age  of 
eighteen  he  went  to  the  East  Indies,  as 
second  Lieutenant  of  the  Bristol,  and  was 
present  in  the  general  engagement  under 
Admiral  Hughes,  with  the  French  fleet, 
under  Admiral  Suffrein.  In  1791,  he  ac- 
companied his  relative,  Capt.  Bligh,  as. 
first.  Lieutenant  of  the  Providence,  ap- 
pointed to  carry  the  bread-fruit  from 
Otaheite  to  the  West  Indies.  He  was 
first  Lieutenant  of  the  Active  frigate, 
when  she  was  wrecked  on  the  island  of 
Anticosti.  For  his  skill  and  eoodiict  in 
the  Arrow,  of  which  he  was  first  Lieu- 
tenant during  the  storms  of  the  winter  of 
17d7,  he  was  appointed  by  Lord  Spericer 
to  the  command  of  the  Netley  schooner, 
of  16  guns,  where  he  was  so  successful 
in  protecting  the  trade  of  Lisbon  and 
Oporto,  that  he  received  the  thanks  of 
the  merchants,  and  was  voted  a  piece  of 
plate.  On  this  station  he  captured  47 
vessels,  many  of  which  were  armed  pri- 
vateers, and  some  of  a  force  supertor  to 
his  own.  He  was  made  Post  Captain  in 
1802,  and  appointed  to  a  command  in  the 
Sea  Fencibles  about  June  1803.  He  at- 
tained the  rank  of  Rear- Admiral  in  1836 

In  the  year  1801,  he  married  Sophia, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Snow,  esq.  of 
Oporto ;  and  by  her,  who  sonrifet  him,  h« 
has  left  a  family  of  fire  sons,  two  of  wbom 
are  in  the  NaYy»  and  fire  daoghtcn*  Fron 

2  T 


322        ORiTirART.—- Colonel  Khijficaie.'^John  BimeUrk,  JFag.     [Mird 

teered  with  the  whole  of  hw  oOeen  n 
men ;  and  snhsequently  the  i^iiiieiit  wm 
ordered  to  DuUin,  andremeined  in  iIm 
garrison  till,  io  1814,  it  retimed  to  Ea^> 
land  to  be  disembodied. 
^  By  the  demise  of  his  unde,  liqor  Nice 
Kingscote,  be  became  poeeeseed  of  w 
estates  in  1773.     He  firet  qualifiod  m  i 
Magistrate  for  Gloueestenhira*  on  Jn» 
ary  23d,  1792,  and  at  his  deeth  wm  the 
oldest  Magistrate  in  the  county.     On  the 
disembodying  of  the  militiny   he  fiaelly 
settled  on  his  paternal  eetatet  at  Kiigs- 
cote,  where  he  hat  contimied  ever  anee 
to  reside,  fulfilling  his  duties  u  a  n^ii- 
trate  and  landloid,  and  winnipg,  by  as 
undeviating  rectitude  and  conaiattney  d 
condoct,  the  jast  tribate  of  mrifcnal  na- 
pect.     Col.    Kingscote  wm   mi   honest 
Constitutional    Whig.      His   unbendiDe 
adherence  to  the  prindplea  be  bdimS 
to  be  the  best,  has  repeatedly  drawn  fMth 
the  approbation  even  of  jpoUtiGal  oppe> 
nents.    Indeed,  as  a  pertcct  gentlcinn, 
he  well  knew  bow  to  conduct  hie  impo- 
sition, and  could  say  at  the  termination  of 
his  long  life*  that  he  had  never  been  cdM 
upon  to  apologiae  to  any  nan.     Hia  love 
of  Constitutional  liberty  did  not  carry  hia 
into  democratic  or  latitudinarian  eztramee. 
A  more  loyal  heart  could  not  have  beca 
found  in  her  Majesty's  realms,  and  bo  wis 
the  first  to  condemn  the  disturber  of  the 
public  peace.    A  truly  British  spirit  of 
independence  was  the  boast  of  hu  life; 
he  would  have  made  any  sacrifice  to  main. 
tain  it.     As  a  magistntc»  Col.  Iflntarutr 
was  fearless,  uncompromising,    and  ju- 
dicious ;  as  a  landlord,  beloved  by  a  ta- 
nantry,  in  whose  welfare  bo  waa  dcoply 
interested;  as  an  encourager  of  boofst 
industry,  and  the  rebuker  of  sloth  and 
improvidence,  he  was  known  amoBf  the 
uoor  on  his  estates ;  as  a  friend  and  pntran, 
he  was  firm  and  attached  ;  aa  a  ralatife, 
affectionate  and  generous ;  taavinf 
his  brother's  family,    he  baa  ei 

as  a  father  to  his  nephews  and 

During  his  latter  years  he  had  ictirad 
from  public  life,  and  it  is  tho  bast  egnso* 
lation  of  his  surviving  relativea  to  bcUovt 
that  he  had  sought  the  pardon  of  ains  and 
an  everlasting  rest,  through  a  simplo  tnst 
in  the  merits  of  his  Saviour.  Hafiai 
lived  unmarried,  he  is  succeeded  in  M 
estates  by  his  eldest  nephew,  TlMOa^ 
the  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Kii^MoCe, 
esq.  and  Harriet,  sister  of  tho  prasant  Sir 
H.  Peyton,  Bart. 


the  period  of  his  marriage  he  retired  from 
the  active  duties  of  the  naval  service,  in 
which  he  had  so  long  been  usefully  and 
honourably  engaged,  and  applied  himself 
to  the  diligent  cultivation  of  those  virtues 
which  adorn  the  character  of  a  Christian^ 
in  all  die  relations  of  private  life.  His 
body  was  interred  on  the  2nd  of  Nov.  in 
his  fiimily  vault,  in  the  churchyard  of 
IVinity  church,  Exeter. 

Colonel  Kingbcotk. 

Jan.  18.  At  Kingscote,  Gloucester, 
shire,  aged  86,  Robert  Kingscote,  esq. 
Colonel  of  the  Royal  North  Gloucester 
Militia. 

Colonel  Kingscote  was  the  represcn- 
tative  of  a  family  which  has  been  seated 
from  Norman  times  at  Kingscote,  in 
Gloucestershire,  having  derived  its  name 
from  their  residence.  The  manor  of 
Kingscote  was  given  to  their  ancestor, 
Nigel  Fitz- Arthur,  by  Robert  Fiti- 
Harding,  the  ancestor  of  the  Bcrkeleys, 
together  with  his  daughter  Aldena  in 
marriage;  and  a  full  pedigree  of  the 
family,  compiled  by  the  Rev.  T.  D. 
Fosbroke,  F.S.A.  will  be  found  in  that 
gentleman's  publication  of  Smyth's  lives 
of  the  Berkeleys. 

The  Colonel  was  bom  in  April  1751, 
the  eldest  son  of  Robert  Fitz- Harding 
Kingscote,  esq.  by  Mary,  daughter  and 
coheiress  of  —  Hammond,  esq. 

Col.  Kingscote  entered  the  regular  army 
at  the  age  of  23,  and  was  gazetted  Ensign 
of  the  3 1st  Foot,  then  commanded  by  Sir 
JaAies  Adolphus  Oughton,  K.B.  the  5th 
of  April,  1773.     He  embarked  for  Ame- 
rica, and  >vas  promoted  to  a  Lieutenancy 
in  that  corps  22d   February,   1776.     In 
1778  he  quitted  the  regular  service.     In 
1793  be  was  appointed  Major  of  the  Royal 
North  Battalion  of  Militia  in  Gloucester, 
shire;  and  on  the 31  st  March,  1794«,  he 
Was  nominated  to  the  Colonelcy  of  the 
Mitne  regiment,  which  he  contimied  to 
hold  to  the  time  of  his  demise,   nearly 
half  a  century.     Asa  commanding  officer 
Col.    K.  was  universally  esteemed  and 
respected  by  all  who  served  under  him, 
and  few  men  could  be  more  actuated  by 
the  etprit  de  corp»  et  de  tefTtce,   and  of 
which  we  may  mention  two  instances. 
In  1798  Lord  Grcnville  brought  a  bill  into 
Parliament,  which  passed  the  21st  June 
of  that  year,  for  enabling  his  Majesty  to 
accept  the  services  of  such  militia  as  might 
offer  to  serve  in  Ireland  ;  on  this  occasion 
Col.  K.  volunteered  with  the  greatest  part 
of  his  regiment,  and  embarking  at  Bristol, 
served  in  that  kingdom.  And  again  when 
in  IBll,  a  bill  was  brought  in   by  Mr. 
Ryder  to  allow,  by  volunteering,  the  in- 
terchange of  the  British  and  Irish  Militia 
Regiments^  Col.  K.  at  that  time  volun- 


John  Bsauclsmk,  Esq. 

/an.  B.  In  Eaton.place,  aged  78^  Johi 
Beauclerk,  esq.  M.  A.,  Banri 
and  a  Commisdoner  for  the 
of  London. 

He  WM  bocn  Feb.  lO,  1778^  A« 


1840.]  Obituary.— Beiyamm  GoU,  Eiq.^Sir  W,  C.  Ellis,  M.D.    323 


t»on  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Beauclerk,  Rector 
of  Greens'  Norton,  Northamptonshire,  (a 
grandson  of  Charles  first  Duke  of  St. 
Alban's,  K.G.)  by  (;harIotte,  daughter 
of  John  Drunimond,  esq.  He  was  a 
member  of  Christ  church,  Oxford,  where 
he  received  the  degree  of  M.A.  April  22, 
1 796  :  and  he  was  called  to  the  bar  by  the 
Hon.  Society  of  the  Inner  Temple,  on 
the  6th  May  following.  He  u'as  formerly 
a  C^oramissioner  of  Bankrupts. 

Mr.  Beauclerk  married,  Aug.  14, 
17(>8,  Mttry,  daughter  of  Thomas  Fitz- 
Hu^h,  of  Port  land -place,  esq. ;  by  whom 
he  had  issue  three  daughters  and  one  son  : 
1.  (/harlotte.Mary;  2.  Harriet,  who  died 
in  18220;  3.  Henry.  William  Beauclerk, 
TFq.  a  ('lerk  to  the  Board  of  Control; 
and  4.  Catharine. 


Hknjamin  Gott,  Km. 

Feb.  14.  In  his  7bth  year,  Benjamin 
(lott,  es([.  of  Armley  house,  near  Leeds. 

Mr.  Gott  was  bom  on  the  24th  June, 
1 7Cyi,  tlie  son  of  a  man  who  by  his  energy 
and  talents  raised  himself  to  eminence  as 
un  Hble  civil  engineer.  He  was  educated 
at  Bingley  school,  and  in  early  life  his 
abilities  and  amiable  difposirion  endeared 
him  to  his  sohooUfellows  and  friends.  He 
entered,  and  afterwards  l)ecame  a  partner 
ol,  the  firm  of  Wormald  and  Fountnine, 
which  by  the  retirement  of  the  other 
partner  became  eventually  the  eHtablish- 
ment  alone  of  Mr.  (iott  and  his  sons. 
Thu*4  placed  in  a  commanding  situation, 
Mr.  Gott's  supi'rior  quahtics  acquired  an 
ample  field  for  their  development,  l^n. 
tiring  encnry,  an  enlarg(.*d  intelligence,  and 
an  enterprising  spirit,  soon  mised  the 
>ubject  oi  this  memoir  to  the  head  of  the 
woollen  manufacture  of  Yorkshire. 
During  the  war  his  establishments  were 
oil  so  large  a  scale,  that  at  one  period 
lUN)!.  a  week  in  wages  were  paid  by  his 
house.  Wealth  thus  acquired  was  nobly 
dispensed.  Mr.  (roft  was  the  active 
supporter  of  every  charitable  institution  ; 
u  patron  of  the  fine  arts,  and  a  firm  and 
enlightened  upholder  of  our  Constitution 
in  Church  and  State,  from  a  conscientious 
conviction  of  its  excellence.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Leeds  Philosopbi- 
chI  and  Literary  Society,  and  of  the  I^eeda 
Meehanii>*  institution,  to  both  of  which 
he  gave  I'irge  donatic»ns.  To  the  poor  he 
was  a  moMt  bountiful  benefactor,  both  at 
l/4>eds  and  at  Armley,  and  to  the  nume- 
rous pcr<«ons  in  his  employment  he  was  a 
i^eneroutand  kind  master, — many  of  them 
liaving  spent  a  lifetiniA  in  his  service,  and 
not  a  few  liavinir  received  liberal  pensions 
on  their  superannuation. 

Mr.  Gott's  health  had  lately  somewhat 
declined,  but  on  the  Sunday  preceding  hia 


death  he  was  well  enough  to  attend  Kitk- 
stall  church,  on  the  occasion  of  the  Bishop 
of  Kipon  preaching  for  a  charitable  pur- 
pose.  That  evening,  however,  be  be- 
came ill,  and  a  spasmodic  attack  ensuing, 
he  sunk  under  its  effects  on  the  Friday 
following.  His  funeral  on  the  2 let  pre- 
sented a  scene  which  evinced  a  melan- 
choly but  gratifying  evidence  of  the  uni. 
versal  esteem  in  wnich  his  character  was 
held.  The  principal  gentry  attended, 
amongst  whom  were  the  Messrs.  C.  and 
W.  Beckett,  Dr.  Hook,  Vicar  of  Leeds, 
J.  Bluyds  and  Wm.  Hey,  esqrs.  All  tbe 
manufactories  at  Armley  suspended  their 
works;  the  shops  were  closed,  and  the 
chapel  of  Armley  was  filled  by  a  large  and 
respectable  company,  dressed  in  mourning. 
One  of  the  most  affecting  incidents  was 
the  appearance  of  the  12  inmates  of  an 
almshouse,  endowed  a  few  years  ago  by. 
the  munificence  of  the  deceased. 

We  have  only  sketched  a  fiiint  outline  of 
the  qualities  which  adorned  the  life  of  this 
estimable  man.  His  understanding  wm» 
vigorous ;  his  mind,  either  in  the  study 
of  books  or  men,  was  ever  acquiring  fresh 
stores  of  knowledge.  His  mansion  at 
Armley,  and  his  collection  of  pictures  and 
books,  testified  his  taste  and  pursuits.  He 
was  well  known  to  the  most  enlightened 
of  his  day,  and  ranked  amongst  his  friends 
Rennie,  Watt,  and  Chantrey.  In  domestic 
life  he  sustained  all  its  relations  with  un- 
deviating  kindness  and  integrity.  Mr. 
Gott  has  left  two  sons  and  six  daughters, 
all  of  whom,  except  one,  have  been  mar 
ried,  but  two  arc  now  widows. 

Sir  W.  C.  Ellis,  M.D. 

Oct.  2L  At  Soutball  Park,  Afiddla- 
sex,  at  an  advanced  age,  Sir  William 
Charles  Ellis,  M.D.  late  Governor  of  the 
Hanwell  Lunatic  Asylum. 

He  previously  held  a  similar  situation 
at  the  Pauper  Lunatic  Asylum  of  the 
West  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  situated  near 
Wakefield.  His  active  energy,  his  warm 
iK'nevolencc,  and  fervent  piety,  peculiarly 
qualified  him  for  the  path  he  naa  chosen  ; 
his  sympathies  were  with  those  whose 
disease  aestrovs  all  that  makes  life  valu- 
able, which  s'trikes  at  the  attributes  of 
reason  and  the  powers  and  privileges  of 
man  ;  he  govenied  the  afHicted  around  bim 
by  love  ;  be  soothed  their  sorrows  by  em- 
ployment, and  cheered  their  despair  by 
hoi>e.  Long  experience  had  taught  him 
that  the  sufferings  of  the  insane  are  often 
frightfully  augtnented  by  undue  coercion, 
needless  restraint,  and  tbe  want  of  em- 
ployment, and  their  malady  is  Increase^ 
rather  than  alleviated.  Well  he  knew 
that  the  aies  of  povertv  and  of  sicknesa 
can  make  themselves  ncard,  while  the 


324 


Obituary, — Captain  Alexandef'  Gerardn 


[Marchy 


voice  of  the  mentally  diseased  does  not 
reach  the  ear.  Thus  was  he  stimulated 
to  try  gentleness,  employment,  liberty  (as 
far  as  was  prudent),  and  social  intercourse. 
His  perfect  success  induced  him  to  la- 
bour for  the  establishment  of  such  a  sys- 
tem for  the  wealthy  classes  of  the  insane, 
calling  public  attention  to  the  subject  by 
his  work  on  *^  Insanity,"  and  taking  every 
opportunity  of  influencing  in  private  those 
who  might  assist  in  furthering  his  scheme. 
Sir  William  Ellis  was  knighted  by 
King  William  the  Fourth,'  soon  after  his 
appointment  to  the  Han  well  Asylum, 
which  he  resigned  about  two  years  ago. 

Captain  Alexander  Gekard. 

Dec,  15.  At  Aberdeen  (his  native 
city),  Captain  Alexander  Gerard,  of  the 
East  India  Co.*s  Military  service,  F.  G.  S. 

The  scientific  labours  and  travels  of 
this  gentleman,  made  in  conjunction  with 
his  brother,  the  late  Dr.   James   Gilbert 
Gerard,  well  entitle  him  to  a  record  amongst 
those  who  have  been  eminent  in  advancing 
the  interests  of  this  country  in  her  East- 
ern possessions.  During  a  period  of  above 
20  years  Captain  Gerard  was  employed  in 
exploring,  surveying,    and  mapping  the 
northern  districts  of  India,  having  been 
selected  by  the  Bengal   Government  for 
that  purpose  on  account  of  his  acknow- 
ledged skill  in  those  departments  of  pro- 
fessional duty.      Captain  Gerard  had  the 
advantage  of  scientific  instruction  at  an 
early  period  of  his  life,  his  father  having 
been  one  of  the    Professors    of  King's 
College,  at  Old  Aberdeen,  and  a    weli- 
knbwn  and  valuable  author;  indeed,  he 
appears   to  have  inherited    a   taste   for 
knowledge  and  research,  being  grandson 
of  Dr.  Alex.  Gerard,  also  a  Professor  in 
the  same  university,  and  author    of  an 
' '  Essay   on    Taste  "    and  other  works, 
which  have  been  received  as  standard  au- 
thorities, both  in  this  country  and  on  the 
continent.    Captain  Gerard  went  to  India 
at  the  early  age  of  sixteen,  and  was  not 
long  afterwards  sent  bv  Sir  David  Och- 
terlony  to    survey   Malacca,    which    he 
executed  with  great  accuracy,  mostly  at 
mid-day  under  a  burning  sun.     He  was 
afterwards    appointed    to    many  of   the 
surveys  which  were  deemed  difficult  and 
important,  which  led  to  his  residing  many 
years  in  the  then  almost  unknown  dis- 
trict  of  Chinese  Tartary,  and  amongst  the 
mountains  of  the    Himala}ra.     He  tra- 
versed these  gigantic  mountains  in  paths 
before    untrodden    by    Europeans,    and 
reached  heights  previously  deemed  quite 
inaccessible.    At  one  part  he  had  ascend- 
ed above  20,U00  feet,  and  by  ways  steeper 
than  it  had  been  deemed  possible  to  climb 
for  any  distance  together.     In  these  ex- 


cursions he  endured,  w  m%j  besuppoaedf 
extreme  vicissitudes  of  beati  eol^  hun- 
ger, and  deprivations  of  every  detcriptioa. 
Some  of  his  excursions  were  attended 
by  the  most  extraordinary  difficulties  end 
disasters,  and  were  made  by  the  oMMt 
frightful  routes,  but  were  interesting  to 
him,  even  in  the  greatness  of  the  obstadei. 
Sometimes  he  lost  an  attenduit,  throo^ 
the  rigour  of  the  climate,  as  it  was  not 
every  constitution  that  could  support  the 
accumulated  torments  of  cold,  fiatigne, 
and  sickness.  By  day  they  had  to  contend 
against  a  buniiug  sun,  and  at  night  against 
a  temperature  occasionally  below  seio; 
and  it  was  not  until  his  health  had  been 
completely  sacrificed,  and  a  state  of  ex- 
treme debility  had  rendered  impossible  the 
continuance  of  his  labouni,  that  he  wm 
persuaded  to  abandon  them  and  return  to 
England. 

Captain  Gerard  was  well  known  in  India 
as  a  scientific  traveller.     While  exploring 
and  surveying  he  made  patient  researches 
into  the  customs  and  antiquities  of  the 
tribes  he  fell  in  with,  and  into  the  geologf 
and  natural  history  of  these  sublime  re- 
gions.    The  mountains  are  inhabited  at 
extraordinary   altitudes,    and    he    found 
cultivated    fields  and   crops  of  com  at 
heights  of  from  14  to  16,000  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea ;  and  flocks  of  sheep 
and  tribes  of  Tartar  shepherds,  with  their 
dogs  and  horses,  found  their  subsistence 
at  these  enormous  elevations.    It  appcan 
that  learning  had  flourished  in   Cnineee 
Tartary  to  an  extent  of  which  we  are  hut 
little  aware.    In  the  Thibetan  famguage 
was  discovered  an   Encyclopedia  of  44 
volumes,  which  treated  of  the  arts  and 
sciences.     The  medical  part  of  this  work 
forms  b  volumes.    Dr.  Grersrd  had  fallen 
in    with  a  learned    Hun^ian,    named 
Cosmo  de  Konas,  who  resided  in  Thibet, 
and  who  had  made  great   progress    an 
bringing  to  light  much  curious  inform- 
ation respecting  that  little-known  people. 
The  art  of  lithography  had  been  prsctised 
in  the  city  of  Thibet  from  time  imme- 
morial, and  it  had  been  used,  auKX^st 
other  purposes,  for  displsj^ng  the  anatomy 
of  different  parts  of  the  human  bodjr.     It 
would  appear  that  science    and  letters^ 
Hying  from  tyranny,  abandoned  the  plains 
of  Hindostan  and  took  refuge    in    the 
mountains  of  Thibet,  where  until  latdj 
they  have  remained  totally  unknowx  to 
the  rest  of  the  world.  Captain  Qeiard  ap. 
pears  not  to  have  taken  all  the  means  ***^ 
might  have  been  desired  to  place  befera 
the  public  the  results  of  his  accurate  ob- 
servations, though  many  occasional  noCieea 
and  papers  from  his  pen  have  appeared  m 
India,  and  some  in  this  country.     One 
larger  work  has,  boweveff  just  been  pob* 


1840.] 


OfliTCAHY.— Afr.  Robert  Reeve. 


325 


lished,  entitled  "A  narrative  of  a  Journey 
made  by  Sir  William  Lloyd;  and  Captain 
Gerard's  Account  of  an  attempt  to  pene- 
trate by  Bukhur  to  Gorroo  and  the  lake 
Manasarouara."  We  understand  Captain 
Gerard  has  left  a  large  quantity  of  manu- 
script papers,  from  which  some  further 
selections  may  probably  be  made  for  pub- 
lication by  his  friend  and  companion,  Mr. 
George  Lloyd,  the  editor  of  this  publica- 
tion. 


Mr.  Robert  Reeve. 

Jan.  8.  At  Lowestoft,  Mr.  Robert 
Reeve. 

He  was  the  last  surviving  brother  of 
Lady  Smith,  of  whose  mind  we  have  a 
beautiful  picture  in  the  memoirs  of  her 
husband,  Sir  Jas.  Edw.  Smith,  founder 
and  president  of  the  Linnaean  Society,  as 
we  have  of  her  features  in  Miss  Turner's 
lithographic  drawing,  after  one  of  the 
happiest  efforts  of  Opie's  pencil.  Their 
father,  of  the  same  name  as  his  son  just 
deceased.,  was,  like  him,  a  solicitor  at 
Lowestoft,  where  they  both  of  them 
resided.  Of  a  singularly  placid  and  kind 
disposition,  happy  in  the  affection  of  his 
family,  and  in  the  regard  and  confidence 
of  his  townsmen  and  neighbours,  Mr. 
Reeve  was  a  man  who  eminently  employ- 
ed the  position  naturally  assigned  to  ta- 
lents and  property  in  promoting  the  com- 
fort of  those  around  him,  guiding  them 
in  their  pursuits,  assisting  them  at  once 
with  his  advice  and  his  purse,  and  healing 
any  differences  among  them.  The  benefits 
which  it  '\s  in  the  nower  of  an  individual, 
and  particularly  a  legal  man  so  gifted  and 
so  disposed,  to  bestow  upon  a  small 
country-town,  can  only  be  fully  appre- 
ciated by  those  who  have  had  the  good 
fortune  to  live  within  the  sphere  of  such 
inHuence ;  nor  always,  even  by  them  :  the 
exi.>iteiicc  of  a  genial  soil  to  receive  the 
seed  in  no  less  essential  than  that  of  an 
able  and  liberal  sower.  In  this  respect, 
however,  Mr.  Reeve  had  no  cause  for 
complaint.  Lowestoft  is  a  town  which 
has  always  enjoyed  a  degree  of  import- 
ance more  than  commensurate  to  what 
would  naturally  be  expected  from  its  size, 
as  taking,  conjointly  with  Yarmouth,  the 
lead  in  one  of  the  most  important  branches 
of  the  fisheries  of  the  kingdom.  It  was 
at  the  time  referred  to,  about  60  years 
ago,  remarkable  as  one  of  the  few  places 
in  England  in  which  the  porcelain-manu- 
facture had  been  established  and  conducted 
with  spirit ;  and  what  is  most  to  the  pre- 
sent purpose,  it  was  in  the  number  of 
those  where  the  then  infant  doctrines  of 
Methodism  took  the  earliest  and  the 
deepest  root.  Both  John  Wesley  and 
Adam  Clarke  bad  resided  there,  and  nu 


less  by  their  moral  example  than  by  their 
strong  energies  of  mind  and  by  the  strict* 
ness  of  the  discipline  they  taught  and 
practised,  had  produced  an  effect  that  baa 
to  the  present  oay  continued  moat  honour- 
able to  the  character  of  its  population, 
and  particularly  of  its  merchants.  Among 
such  men,  therefore,  Mr.  Reeve  found 
willing  coadjutors,  where  he  would,  in 
but  too  many  instances,  have  met  with 
vexatious  opposition.  He  also  enjoyed 
the  privilege  of  living  in  habits  of  inti- 
macy with  Mr.  Potter,  the  translator  of 
^schylus,  then  Vicar  of  the  town ;  Mr. 
Anguish  of  Somerleyton,  brother  to  the 
Duchess  of  Leeds  and  heir  to  Sir  Thomas 
Allen  and  the  Jeminghams :  Mrs.Leathes 
of  Herringfleet  Hall,  subsequently  wife 
to  Mr.  Merry,  ambassador  to  Sweden,  a 
Udy  who  for  beauty  and  talents  bad  few 
superiors ;  and  the  Rev.  Norton  Nicholls 
of  Blundeston,  the  intimate  friend  of 
Gra}r  and  Mathias.  In  early  life  he  had 
married  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Clarke,  a 
solicitor  at  Saxmundham,  with  whom  he 
served  his  clerkship,  and  who  was  de- 
scended from  a  family  of  some  note  in 
Suffolk,  formeriy  the  proprietors  of 
Cbediston  hall,  one  of  its  most  respect* 
able  residences. 

The  more  immediate  subject  of  the 
present  brief  memoir,  brought  up  under 
his  father's  roof,  and  treading  carefully  in 
his  steps,  sought,  like  him,  his  happiness 
in  his  own  fireside,  but  never  addM  to  it 
the  greatest  of  ornaments  and  comforts,  a 
wife.  To  the  active  pursuits  of  business 
he  joined  those  of  a  more  refined  descrip* 
tion,  which,  at  the  same  time  that  they 
confer  grace  and  polish  on  life,  are  bat 
too  apt  to  lead  into  what  Horace  beauti- 
fully  denominates  the  ^' fallentia  semita 
vitc,"  and  thus,  while  they  fiudnate  their 
votary,  to  confide  him  within  a  more 
contracted  sphere  of  usefulness.  Jn  the 
beauties  of  the  works  of  nature  he  felt 
the  keenest  delight :  they  were  his  every* 
day  pleasures,  and  pleasures  that  never 
failed  him,  not  even  m  the  long  and  pain- 
ful illness  which  terminated  his  existence. 
In  the  productions  of  art  he  had  almost 
equal  gratification,  and,  without  beinr  a 
Icsuned  man,  in  elegant  literature.  But 
his  attention  was  principally  directed  to 
the  study  of  numismatics  and  antiquity, 
in  both  of  which  his  knowledge  was  ex- 
tensive. Of  coins  and  medals  he  has  left 
a  cabinet,  which,  for  the  number  and 
beauty  of  its  specimens,  may  be  ranked 
among  the  best  in  the  kingdom.  His  an- 
tiquarian collection  lies  in  the  department 
of  topogranhy,  and  is  more  especially  the 
object  of  the  present  notice  of  him.  It 
is  not  only  expedient  that  the  existence  of 
such  collections  should  be  put  upon  re« 


326 


Obituary. — Clergy  Deceased. 


[Modi, 


cordy  but  that  a  clue  should  be  afforded  to 
the  places  where  they  are  deposited.  This, 
which  is  in  all  cases  desirable,  is  particu- 
larly so  in  districts  that  have  not  at 
present  been  fortunate  enough  to  meet 
with  an  historian,  and  it  is  in  none  more 
so  than  in  Suffolk,  where  the  specimen 
afforded  by  Mr.  Rokewode  of  what  may 
be  hoped  from  his  pen  must  satisfy  every 
one  that  encouragement  to  that  gentleman 
is  alone  wanting  to  render  the  county 
more  satisfactorily  illustrated  than  any 
other  in  England.  Mr.  Reeve  had  chiefly 
bestowed  his  care  upon  the  town  of 
Lowestoft  and  the  adjoining  hundreds 
of  Mutford  and  Lothingland.  For  the 
history  of  the  latter  he  has  left  materials, 
transcribed  by  himself  with  much  care  and 
neatness,  not  less  than  would  suffice  to 
form  eight  good-sized  quarto  volumes.* 
These  are  accompanied,  by  way  of  illus- 
tration, with  a  mrge  quantity  of  ancient 
deeds,  and  with  drawings  of  all  the 
churches  in  the  county,  as  well  as  of  its 
public  seals,  and  with  three  portfolios  of 
engravings  of  its  more  remarkable  inha- 
bitants. In  what  concerns  his  native  town 
he  was  still  more  rich.  His  library  con- 
tains, among  much  other  matter,  Gilling- 
water's  own  copy  of  its  History,  with  the 
addition  of  three  similar  volumes  filled 
with  maps,  engravings,  original  drawings 
and  MSS.,  the  former  collected  by  the 
author,  the  latter  in  his  own  handwriting. 
Both  the  Oillingwaters — for  the  historian 
had  a  brother  no  less  remarkable  than 
himself  for  his  zeal  in  the  pursuits  of  anti- 
quarian lore — resided  at  Lowestoft,  and 
never  rose,  or  aspired  to  rise,  beyond  the 
humble  occupation  of  country-barbers,  till 
Edmund  removed  to  Harleston,  and  added 
to  his  stock  of  combs  and  razors  and  wigs 
and  blocks  a  small  number  of  books  for 
sale.  Here  too  he  published  his  History 
and  here  he  died ;  not,  however,  unno- 
ticed  or  unregarded,  for  some  of  the 
neighbouring  gentlemen  urged  him  to  quit 
his  trades  both  of  hairdresser  and  book- 
seller, and  to  study  for  the  church,  offer- 
ing to  defray  the  necessary  expenses.  But 
the  excellent  simple-hearted  man  could 
never  be  brought  to  listen  to  the  proposal. 
It  were  a  disgrace,  he  said,  to  religion 
that  one  so  educated  and  so  trained  sliouid 
))resunie  to  enter  upon  the  siicred  office. 
The  anecdote,  derived  fiom  a  ]»cr.sonal 
friend  of  the  subject  of  it,  is  surely  worth 
preserving  :  it  may  not  have  the  effect  of 
operating  as  an  example  or  a  stimulus  to 


many,  bat  it  it  creditable  to  tfc«  iMl. 
vidual ;  and  to  record  what  ~ 
to  human  nature  can  never  be 
of  ''a  man  and  a  fellow." 


♦  We  find  Mr.  Reeve  a  correspondent 
of  our  ^lagazine,  under  the  signature  of 
Juvenis  Suffolcicnsis,  in  180();  vol. 
LXXVL  i.  17.-£rf*V. 


CLERGY  DECEASED 

Oct,  24.  At  Cairo,  the  Her.  /uqa 
Clay^  of  Stapenhill,  Burtoii-iipoa*Ticiit« 
Staffordshire,  son-in-law  of  General  Baa« 
ham,  of  Great  Warley  Place,  Eaaex. 

Dee.  5.  Aged  31.  the  Rev.  Jokm 
Nurse,  B.A.  Curate  ot  Bridgtown,  Bu- 
badoes. 

Dec.  8.  At  Darton,  near  Bamdcyi 
aged  32,  the  Rev.  ^Hfired  SadUr^  B.A. 
late  of  King's  college,  Cambrii^.  Hit 
elder  brother,  Mr.  Benjamin  SadleTi  of 
the  firm  uf  Sadler,  Fenton,  aad  Co. 
Manchester  and  Belfast,  died  at  Biltaa. 
near  York,  three  days  before  lum,  ageo 
27. 

Dec.  13.  At  Trowbridge,  aged  81, 
the  Rev.  J.  Avofu,  for  many  Teen  Mas- 
ter of  the  Free  Grammar  School  at 
Calne. 

Dec.  17.  At  Shireoaks,  near  Wock- 
sop,  Notts,  in  his  67th  year,  the  Rev. 
George  Savile,  Rector  of  HoweU,  Lin- 
colnshire, Perpetual  Curate  of  Shireoaks. 
He  was  instituted  to  Shireoaks  (in  the 
patronage  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk)  in 
1809  ;  and  to  Howell  in  1828. 

Dec.  21.  At  Onngton,  Eaaex,  aged 
57,  the  Rev.  Charle$  FUJUr,  Rector  of 
Ovington  with  Tilbury.  He  was  of 
Caius  coll.  Camb.  B.A.  1806,  M.A. 
181 1,  and  was  presented  to  hia  living  in 
1809  by  John  Fisher,  esq. 

Dec.  24.  At  Mansfield,  at  a  verv  ad- 
vanced age,  the  Rev.  Robert  Wood^  D.D. 
for  more  than  thirty  years  Chaplain  of  the 
County  Gaol,  and  for  more  than  foc^ 
years,  first  Usher,  and  afterwarda  Head 
Master  of  the  Nottingham  Free  Ghan- 
niar  School.  He  was  a  relation  of  the 
late  Very  Rev.  James  Wood,  D.D. 
Dean  of  Ely,  and  Master  of  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  who  died  in  April 
last.  lie  has  left  a  widow  and  two  chil- 
dren, and  a  brother  and  sister*  to  lament 
his  loss. 

Dec.  25.  Aged  35,  the  Rev.  G.  l^m 
Warjier,  Vicar  of  St.  Mary  Bredln,  Can- 
terbury, late  of  St.  John's  college^  Cam- 
bridge. 

Dec.  -26.  In  his  7jth  year,  the 
M.  Dunn,  for  upwards  of  tiiirtj 
Curate  of  Cheadle,  ('heshire. 

Dec.  27.  The  Re?.  /.  NiekUtom, 
M.A.  Vicar  of  Great  Paxton,  Hunts, 
to  which  chiu'ch  he  was  presented  bj  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  of  Lino^»  in  Isft, 

At  Peterborough,  aged  24,  the  Bmw, 
JnUiam  Day  Yfmek. 


1840.] 


Obituary.— C/tffpy  Deceased. 


327 


Dec.  28.  The  Rev.  John  Hutehins, 
M.A.  for  43  years  Rector  of  the  united 
parishes  of  St.  Anne  and  St.  Agnes, 
with  St.  John  Zacbary,  Aldersgate, 
London.  In  1802-3,  he  was  Chaplain  to 
the  late  Sir  C.  Price,  Bart,  when  Lord 
iNlayor,  and  printed  the  usual  Ci?ic 
Sermons. 

Dec.  29.  Aged  87,  the  Rev.  Robert 
JVilkinson,  B.l).  for  nearly  fifty  years 
Vicar  of  Darton,  for  fifty. six  years  Per- 
petual Curate  of  Ligbtcliffe,  and  Head 
Master  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  school  at 
Heath,  near  Halifax ;  from  which  be  bad 
sent  many  eminent  scholars  to  both  Uni- 
versities. He  was  formerly  of  Trinity 
hall,  Camb.  B.D,  1790. 

Dec.  30.  At  Caldbeck,  Cumberland, 
aged  51,  the  Rev.  William  Pattinton^  for 
nineteen  years  Curate  of  that  parish. 

Lately.  At  Heighington,  aged  97,  the 
Rev.  Robert  Blacktin,  long  Curate  of 
that  pariib,  and  master  of  the  Grammar 
school.  He  was  a  native  of  Westmor- 
lund. 

At  his  residence,  Fort  Elizabeth,  near 
( Toom,  the  Rev.  John  Croker,  one  of 
the  Minor  Canons  of  the  cathedral  of 
Limerick,  and  Vicar  of  Clonelty  and 
Cloncagh. 

The  Rev.  J,  Jonet,  Vicar  of  Kilmaca- 
ber,   Cork. 

At  a  very  advanced  age,  the  Rev.  John 
Peddle,  Vicar  of  Charlton  Horethorne, 
Somersetshire.  He  was  of  St.  Mary 
hall,  Oxford,  B.C.L.  1778,  and  was  pre- 
sented to  his  living  in  1784.  It  is  in  the 
gift  of  the  Marquess  of  Anglesey. 

Aged  63,  the  Rev.  Edward  Swatmant 
Rector  ot  Little  Fransbam,  Norfolk.  He 
WHS  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  B.A. 
1798,  as  12tb  Wrangler,  M.A.  1801; and 
was  instituted  to  his  living,  which  was  in 
his  own  patronage,  in  1803L 

In  London,  aged  82,  the  Rev.  W. 
VoHans,  for  fifty  years  Rector  of  Hems- 
worth  near  Wakefield,  and  formerly 
Rector  of  Skirbeck  near  Boston.  He 
was  of  Sidney  Sussex  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  17h9,  M.A.  1793.  The  living  of 
llemswortb  (net  value  in  1831,  lO&W.) 
is  in  the  presentation  of  W.  B.  Wright- 
ion,  esq. 

Jan.  -'.  Aged  71,  the  Rev.  R.  Btrke^ 
leyy  of  Cothcridge  Court,  Worcestershire. 
He  is  succeeded  in  his  estates  by  the  Rev. 
J .  R.  Berkeley,  Vicar  of  Much  Cowarne, 
near  Hereford. 

Jan.  3.  Aged  64,  the  Rev.  W.  B. 
UirdUttone,  Rector  of  Kelling  with  Salt- 
hoube,  Norfolk,  a  family  living,  to  which 
he  was  instituted  in  1821. 

At  Bath,  in  bis  63d  year,  the  Rev. 
William  Warner,  Rector  of  Widford, 
Essex.  He  wu  the  ion  of  John  Wtfatr, 


esq.  of  Rotberbitbe ;  was    educated  at 
Merchant- Taylors*  school ;  but,  being  su- 

fierannuated,  he  entered  St.  John's  Col- 
ege,  Oxford,  as  a  commoner  in  1795; 
and  graduated  B.A.  1799,  M.A.  1803. 
He  was  instituted  to  Widford  in  1814» 
on  his  own  petition. 

Jan*  5.  Aged  74,  the  Rev.  John 
Hodgkinf  Vicar  of  North  Molton,  Devon, 
to  which  he  was  presented  in  1820  by  the 
Earl  of  Morlev. 

Jan.  9.  At  Torquay,  aged  39^  the  Rev. 
William  Marriott  Caldecott,  of  Oriel 
college,  Oxford ;  which  he  entered  m  a 
commoner  in  1820,  and  proceeded  B.A. 
1825,  M.A:  1826. 

At  his  seat,  Christ  Church  Park,  Ips- 
>vicb,  in  the  76th  year  of  his  age,  the 
Rev.  CharteM  William  Fonnereeu,  LL.B. 
Minister  of  St.  Margaret's  in  that  town, 
and  Vicar  of  Tuddenham  St.  Mar- 
tin.  In  early  life  he  served  for  several 
years  in  the  royal  navy,  and  he  was  one 
of  the  few  of  those  now  surviving  who 
were  present  in  Rodney's  celebratal  ac- 
tion of  the  12th  April,  1782;  being  act- 
ing Lieutenant  of  the  Conqueror,  which 
led  into  action  on  that  day.  Mr.  Fonne- 
reau  aftenvards  quitted  the  navy,  and  was 
a  member  of  Trinity  hall,  Cambridge ; 
where,  in  1795,  he  took  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Laws  and  entered  into  holy 
orders.  He  was  for  tome  years  Rector 
of  Hargrove  in  Northamptonshire ;  wbieh 
preferment  he  vacated  on  going  to  rMiie 
in  Suffolk,  where  be  accepted,  in  1796, 
the  family  livings  of  Toddcnbam  and  St. 
Margaret's,  Ipswich.  He  married  fai 
1793  Deborah,  the  daughter  of  Tbomis 
Neale,  M.D.  of  Ipswici,  and  baa  left  « 
son,  who  succeeds  to  the  family  seat  of 
Christ  Church,  and  a  daughter,  the  wife 
of  Charles  Lillingston,  esq.  formorly  of 
Elmdom  Hall,  Warwickshire,  but  tiow  of 
the  Chantry,  near  Ipswicb. 

Jan,  14.  At  Dumfrica,  in  hie  80th 
year,  the  Hon.  and  Right  Rev.  Dr.  Akk^ 
ander  M^Donell,  Bishop  of  KingitOtt, 
Upper  Canada. 

Jan.  15.  At  Ashbumbatt,  8uii«i, 
aged  61,  the  Rev.  Edward  Wamifbrd, 
Vicar  of  that  parish,  to  which  be  wia 
presented  by  the  Earl  of  Asbbumbaa  in 
18:«.  He  has  left  eleven  cbildiai,  •f 
whom  only  one  is  provided  for. 

Jan.  18.  At  Clifton,  aged  32,  the  Rev. 
Robert  Fortayth,  Curate  of  St.  Wtr. 
burgh's,  Bristol,  and  Chaplain  to  tke 
Mayor  of  that  city,  son  of  Thomas  For. 
sayth,  esq.  Uite  of  Clifton. 

Jan.  19.  At  New  Park,  oo.  MmOk, 
the  Rev.  John  Digby. 

Aged  79,  the  Rev.  J.  P,  Minitia,  §m 
52  years  Minister  of  the  French  PiOlet. 
tant  Church  at  Ctnttrbiiry. 


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Obituaey. 


329 


and  brother  to  the  late  Benj,  Rouse,  esq. 
of  the  same  office. 

At  North  End,  Fulham,  Sarah,  widow 
of  Major  R.  M.  Bagsbaw,  Bengal  Serv. 

At  Portland-place,  aged  19,  Elizabeth. 
Arbiithnot,  eldest  daughter  of  D.  C. 
Guthrie,  esq. 

Feb.  li>.  At  Bartrams,  Hampstead, 
aged  68,  William  Winfield,  esq. 

At  Brixton,  aged  81,  Mrs.  Greeti,late 
of  Old  Bond -St.  relict  of  the  Rev,  Wm. 
Green. 

In  St.  James's  Palace,  Laura  Maria, 
second  dau.  of  Major- Gen.  Sir  H.  Wheat- 
ley,  G.C.H. 

In  Montagu-st.  Russell-sq.  aged  61, 
John  Oldham,  esq.  of  the  Bank  of  Eng- 
land. 

At  Clapham,  aged  82,  Capt.  Hooper, 
late  of  E.  I.  C.  Service. 

Feb.  15.  At  Camberwell,  aged  68, 
Beryamin  Penny,  esq.  formerly  of  Wat- 
ling-st. 

At  Dorset-place,  Dorset-sq.  aged  55, 
James  Tilby,  esq. 

Feb.  16.  Aged  70,  Thomas  Danson, 
esq.  of  Gcorge-8t.  Euston. square. 

Feb.  17.  At  Bayswater,  aged  68,  Ann, 
widow  of  S.  Sweatman,  esa. 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Holland,  esq. 
of  (Jlapham  Common. 


Bkds. — Jan,  22.  Susannah,  wife  of 
Thomas  Smith,e8q.  of  Great  Bramingham. 

Feb.  16.  Aged  19,  Joanna- Harriet- 
Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  N.  Fitzpatrick,  esq. 
M.l).  of  the  Lodge,  near  Bedford. 

lihRkA.—Jan.  28.  At  Windsor,  aged 
26,  Sarah-Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Thomas  Sbnrpe,  esq. 

Feb.  10.  At  Speen,  aged  60,  Richard 
Townsend,  esq.  a  magistrate  of  the 
county. 

('HKsiiiHL.— ^an.  21.  Aged  71.  Jos. 
Leigh,  cRq.  of  Belmont,  the  father  of  the 
Hev.  John  Leigh,  Rector  of  Egginton, 
Derb. 

Ci'MiERi.A.vD. — Feb,  3.  At  Papcattle, 
aged  93,  Joseph  Birbeck,  esq.  He  com- 
menced business  at  a  hat  manufacturer 
with  very  limited  means,  and  died  worth 
upwards  of  100,000/. 

Feh.  II.  At  Wilton,  aged  65,  John 
Lif{htfoot.  esq.  solicitor. 

Devon.  —  Jan,  3.  At  Stonehouse, 
Alexander  ('opiand  Hutchinson,  M.D. 
and  F.R.S.  formerly  Surgeon  of  Deal 
linspital  and  Sbeemess  Dockyard. 

At  Buckish,  at  the  bouse  of  his 
brother  W.  C.  Loggin,  e«»q.  Edward, 
•kh  son  of  the  late  Rer,  W.  I..oggin, 
Rector  of  Woolfiirdisworthy,  Devon. 

Jan.  i.  At  Plymouth,  Letitia,  wife 
of  Thomas  Brittow,  eaq.  latt  of  Foolc. 

iirsT.  Mao.  Vol.  XIH. 


Jan.  23.  At  Dawlish,  aged  55,  Fnuicei* 
relict  of  Ralph  Creyke,  esq.  of  Rawcliffe 
hall  and  Marton,  Yorkshire. 

Jan.  28.  At  Exmouth,  Harriet,  widow 
of  Major  Wilkinson,  E.  I,  C.  Service, 
eldest  dau.  of  Lieut-Col.  Frome,  of  the 
5th  Dragoons. 

F^b.  7.  At  the  residence  of  her  son 
the  Rev.  S.  Manley,  M.A.,  Crediton, 
aged  71,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Capt. 
Manly  R.N. 

Feb,  11.  At  Exeter,  aged  76,  John 
Pidsley,  esq. 

Dorset. — Jan,  2.  At  Longfleet,  near 
Poole,  aged  57,  Comm.  Bartholomew 
Bonifant,  R.N.  (1818).  He  was  a  na- 
tive of  Corsica,  and  a  schoolfellow  of  Na. 
poleon  Buonaparte.  He  obtained  the 
rank  of  Lieutenant  in  the  British  nav^ 
1809  ;  saw  much  service,  and  wai 
highly  esteemed  as  an  excellent  officer. 
His  remains  were  interred  the  fol- 
lowing Tuesday,  with  naval  honours, 
in  the  churchyard  at  Longfleet.  The 
coffin  was  covered  with  an  Union 
Jack,  for  a  pall,  on  which  was  lying  a 
silver  hilted  sword,  crossed  by  its  sheath, 
which  was  of  silver,  and  which  had  been 
presented  to  Capt.  B.  by  the  Dey  of 
Algiers,  on  the  capture  of  that  place  by 
Lord  Exmouth. 

Jan.  II.  At  Sbaftesbur?,  Maria, 
formerly  the  widow  of  T.  B.  Rawet, 
esq.  and  late  of  Lieut.  T.  W.  NicoUi. 

Feb.  5.  At  Longfleet,  Pool,  a^ed 
44,  Amy,  wife  of  Christopher  Spurrier, 
esq.  daughter  of  the  late  Geo.  Gfarland, 
esq.  and  sister  of  the  late  B.  L.  Letter, 
esq.  names  long  associated  with  the 
borough  of  Poole. 

DcTRHAM. — Jan.  31 .  At  Sunderland, 
uged  25,  Agnes-Caroline,  the  wife  of  R^ 

S'nald  Orton,  esq.  second  dau.  of  Orton 
radley,  esq.  of  Kirkby  Stephen. 

Feb.  12.  At  the  Spa  Hotel,  Durbem, 
the  Right  Hon.  Maria  Counteat  of 
Leitrim.  She  was  the  eldest  dao.  and 
cob.  of  the  fate  Wm.  Bermingban,  eeq.^ 
was  married  to  the  present  Earl  of 
Leitrim  in  1804,  and  has  left  issue  Vifl- 
eottnt  Clements,  M.P.,  three  other  ions^ 
•ml  three  daughters. 

Essex.— /an.  31.  At  Harwich,  aged 
0Dv  Philip  Hast,  esq.  formerly  one  of  the 
capital  burgesses  of  the  old  corporation. 

GLoifcESTBR. — Oct,  23.  At  Bredon 
bouse,  near  Tewkesbury,  aged  62,  Lieut- 
Col.  Fowle. 

Jan.  3.  At  Clifton,  Jane,  wife  of 
Charies  Wbvte,  esq.  Surgeon  to  the 
Forces,  and  third  dau.  of  the  late  John 
Luscombe  Luscombe,  esq.  of  Combe 
Royal,  Devon. 

Jan.   14.     At    Cainscroas,  aged    93, 

«  U 


330 


Obituary. 


[Maidi. 


Elizabeth,  relict  of  Edw,  Mason,  esq  of 
Enfield,  Middlesex. 

Jan.  18.  At  Clifton,  William  Rogers 
Lawrence,  esq.  late  of  Bath,  and  formerly 
of  Andford. 

At  Westbury-upon-Trim,  aged  79, 
Mary  Ann,  relict  of  Sam.  Bowden,  esq. 

Jan.  25.  At  Bristol,  aged  86,  Hum- 
phrey  Jeffreys,  esq. 

At  Ham  Green,  aged  85,  Richard 
Bright,  esq.  merchant  and  banker,  a  highly 
honourable  and  excellent  man. 

Jan.  28.  At  Clifton,  Lieut.-Col. 
Wm.  Brewster  Kersteman,  late  of  10th 
Foot.  He  was  appointed  Ensign  46th 
foot,  1800;  Lieut.  1H02;  removed  to  67th 
foot,  1803;  Capt.  10th foot,  1805;  brevet 
Major,  1814;  Lieut.-Col.  1837. 

Feb,  2.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  73, 
Nugent  Kirkland,  esq. 

Feb.  5.  At  Henbury-hill,  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  James  N.  Franklyn,  esq.  Mayor 
of  Bristol. 

At  Stapleton,  aged  55,  Joshua  Fother- 
gill,  esq.  Lieut,  late  R.  V.  Battalion. 

Feb.  6.  At  Clifton,  aged  85,  greatly 
respected,  Nicholas  Hurst,  esq.  formerly 
of  Hinckley,  Leicestershire,  and  for  many 
years  in  the  Commission  of  the  peace  for 
that  county. 

Feb.  12.  At  Kingsdown,  Sarah,  relict 
of  the  Rev.  Basil  Woodd,  Rector  of 
Thorpe  Bassett,  Yorkshire,  and  formerly 
of  Bnstol. 

At  Tormarton,  Eliza  Anne,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Horatio  Neilson,  dau.  of  the  late 
Henry  Bum,  esq.  of  London. 

HANT8.--/an.  16.  Aged  45,  Wil- 
liam L.  Easton,  esq.  late  of  Erme  House, 
Ivybridge,  solicitor,  eldest  son  of  Wil- 
liam Easton,  esq.  of  Hoe  Place  House, 
Plymouth. 

Jan.  22.  In  her  75th  year,  the  widow 
of  David  Graham,  esq.  banker,  of  Basing, 
stoke. 

Jan.  26.  At  Shirley,  near  South- 
ampton,  aged  06^  Mrs.  Atkins,  relict  of 
James  Atkins,  esq.  of  Bishop's  Stoke. 

Feb.  6.  At  Petersfield,  aged  82,  H. 
Atkinson,  esq. 

Feb.  8.  At  Fairingdon  rectory,  Frances 
Mary,  third  daughter  of  the  Rev.  John 
Benn. 

Feb.  9.  At  Bishopstoke,  aged  74, 
Henry  Twynam,  esq. 

Feb.  II.  At  Kempshott  Park,  aged 
18,  George  Allen,  second  son  of  E.  W. 
Blunt,  esq. 

Feb.  16.  At  Fir-grove,  Eversley, 
Dame  Elizabeth  Dorothea  Cope,  wife  of 
Henry  Rush,  esq.  and  relict  of  SirDenzil 
Cope,  Bart,  of  Bramshill. 

Hkrkford.— /an.  30.  At  the  house 
of  her  brother,  at  Colwall,  aged  63,  Pene- 
lope, eldest  daughter  of  the  late  James 


Martin,  esq.  of  Overbury,  fonnetlT  M.P. 
for  Tewkesbury,  and  aunt  to  J.  Afartin, 
esq.  one  of  the  present  repivtentatifet  of 
that  borough. 

Jan.  26.  At  Ballingham,  i^ged  82, 
Mary,  wife  of  John  Kempson,  esq.,  kte 
of  Homsey. 

Herts.^/oii.  26.  Fanny,  relict  of  Ed- 
ward  Waller,  esq.  of  Burforaa,  Hoddodon. 

Kent.— iVbv.  18.  AtEastry.agedST, 
Charlotte,  wife  of  William  FuUor  BoteWr, 
of  Eastry,  and  of  Lincoln's  Inn  and  Goirer 
Street,  esq.  Q.  C. ;  daughter  of  the  late 
James  Leigh  Joynes,  of  Graveaend,  esq. 
and  sister  of  Dr.  Joynes,  Rectorof  Onifet- 
end.  Also  May  1,  1839,  in  Gower  tt. 
aged  19,  Anne,  younffest  daughter  of  ^ 
above  William  Fuller  and  Charloritte 
Boteler. 

Jan.  16.  At  Westerham,  aged  64, 
Anne,  relict  of  William  hovedmj,  esq.  of 
Huntingdon. 

Jan.  22.  At  Dover,  aged  76»  John 
Shipdem,  esq.  He  was  for  about  thirty 
years  Town-derk  of  that  boroogfa ;  was 
afterwards  a  magistrate,  and  was  the  bst 
Mayor  of  Dover  under  the  old  corpoim- 
tion. 

Jan.  23.  At  Dover,  aged  74,  BAis. 
Elizabeth  Fry,  eldest  daughter  of  Robeit 
Fry,  esq.  late  of  Chancery-lane. 

Jan.  27.  At  Rochester,  aged  76, 
Qeorge  Ely,  esq. 

William  Adams,  son  of  F.  H.  Biaii- 
dram,  esq.  of  Cowden. 

Jan.  29.  At  Rochester,  aged  TB, 
Archibald  C.  Windever,  esq.  dTp.O.M. 
of  Freemasons  for  Kent. 

Feb.  2.  At  Dartford,  aged  75,  Ridiaid 
Cooke,  esq. 

LANCASTEa.— Jon.  14.  At  Cnlebetb 
Hall,  near  Warrington,  aged  33^  ThooiM 
EUames  Withington,  esq.  juatice  of  tk 
peace  for  the  county. 

Jan.  18.  At  Preston,  aged  7S, 
Thomas  Miller,  esq.  a  magistrate  for  thi 
county. 

Jan.  27.  At  Belle  Vue,  near  Lan- 
caster,  aged  64,  Chas.  Jones,  eaq.  fomertf 
a  Captain  of  Dragoons,  and  latteilj  a 
Lieutenant  in  the  Serond  LaocuoiR 
Militia. 

Jan.  28.  Anne,  wife  of  the  Her. 
Richard  Loxham,  Rector  of  HalsaU. 

Feb.  6.  At  Preston,  aged  07,  Mrs. 
Mary  Fletcher,  sister  of  the  late  lie«t.- 
Gen.  Fletcher,  of  that  town. 

At  Burnley,  aged  4a  Misa  Ellca 
Greenwood,  daughter  of  the  late  Henry 
Greenwood,  esq.  and  sister  of  the  late 
John  and  William  Greenwood,  oaqn. 
justices  of  the  peace  for  that  countrrjBjf 
her  sudden  death,  the  poor  have  Jott  a 
generous  bene&ctress,  and  the  Choidi «! 
England  a  consistent  "^"itlnni  dinhm 


J  8400 


Obituary. 


331 


Feb,  10.  At  Liverpool,  Matilda  Sarah, 
wife  of  B.  Williams,  esq.  of  Iver,  Bucks. 

Lek  ESTER. — /an.  15.  At  Overseal, 
aged  86,  Thomas  Thorp,  esq.  He  was 
founder,  and  during  forty-eight  years 
senior  partner,  in  the  Loughborough  Bank. 

Jan.  19.  Aged  Gl,  Ann,  wife  of  R.  B. 
Heygate,  esq.  of  Market  Uarborough. 

Lincoln. — Feb,  6.  At  Grimsby,  aged 
60,  Sarah,  wife  of  H.  S.  Wilson,  esq. 
Comm.  R.  N. 

Feb.  7.  John  Chapman,  esq.  of  Louth. 

Middlesex.— /an.  26.  At  Hampton 
Court,  in  the  house  of  her  brother,  Wm. 
S.  Poyntz,  esq.  Charlotte- Louisa,  widow 
of  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  George  Bridgeman, 
rector  of  Wigan.  She  was  the  second 
daughter  of  the  late  Wm.  Poyntz,  esq.  of 
Midgham  House,  Berks;  and  sister  to 
Lady  John  Townshend,  the  Countess  of 
Cork  and  Orrery,  and  to  the  Hon.  Lady 
Courfenay  Boyle.  On  the  marriage  of 
bis  late  Majesty,  George  the  IV.  then 
Prince  of  Wales,  Mrs.  Bridgeman  (then 
Miss  Poyntz.)  was  for  a  short  time  at- 
tached to  the  household  of  the  Princess 
of  Wales.  She  became  in  1809  the  second 
wife  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  George 
Bridgeman,  3rd  son  of  the  first  Lord 
Bradford  (and  widower  of  Lucy,  daughter 
of  Edmund  7th  Earl  of  Cork,)  with 
whom  she  resided  at  Weston  under  Lizard 
ill  Staffordshire  and  at  Wigan,  highly  be- 
loved by  the  parishioners  of  these  places, 
where  her  benevolence  and  kind  attention 
to  her  poorer  neighbours  will  be  long  re- 
membered. She  was  left  a  widow  in 
1  Kit,  Mrs.  Bridgeman  was  a  lady  pos- 
hcsying  the  kindliest  affections,  and  exer- 
cising a  most  unostentatious  but  genuine 
piety. 

Feb.  1.  At  Enfield,  aged  04,  William 
Burgess,  esq. 

Feb.  12.  Aged  47,  Mary  Ann,  wife 
oi  William  Craib,  esq.  of  Hampton  Court. 

Feb.  1.3.  At  Hampton  Court  Palace, 
aged  77,  Mrs.  Ann  Seeker. 

Monmouth. — Feb.  2.  Aged  42,  Eliza, 
wife  of  James  Dowle,  esq.  Chepstow. 

NoRKoLK.— F<p4.  8.  At  North  Wal- 
sham,  aged  69.  Mary,  widow  of  Lieut. 
C'Ol.  Stransbam,  R.  M. 

Northampton. — Jan,  28.  At  North- 
ampton, Edmund  Thornton,  only  sur- 
viving child  of  the  Rev.  E.  T.  Prust, 
and  grandson  of  Stephen  Prust,  esq,  of 
Bristol. 

Lately.  At  Kingsthorpe,  aged  80,  Re* 
becca,  relict  of  the  Rev.  G.  Beet,  of 
Harpole. 

Feb,  II.  At  Clipston,  aged  77,  Wil- 
liam Wartnaby,  esq. 

Feb.  16.  In  her  70th  year,  Mary  Lucy, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  Egerton  Stafford,  Viotf 
oi  Chaconbf. 


Feb,  18.  At  Litchborough,  aged  60, 
William  Grunt,  esq.  of  Berkeley-st. 

Northumberland.  —  At  Morpeth, 
aged  74s  the  \vife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Cook, 
of  Newton  Hall. 

Feb,  8.  At  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
aged  71,  John  Hall,  esq. 

Oxford. — Jan,  18.  Aged  75,  Mar- 
garet, wife  of  Richard  Green,  esq.  of 
Headington-hill,  near  Oxford,  brother  of 
the  late  Rev.  W.  West  Green,  D.D. 
Rector  of  Husband's  Bosworth,  co. 
Leic. 

Feb,  6.  Accidentally  drowned  in  a 
small  skiff,  at  Sandford,  about  three  miles 
from  Oxford,  aged  21,  John  Richardson 
Currer,  esq.  a  Commoner  of  Balliol  Col- 
lege.  His  remains  were  interred  in  the 
church-yard  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen  :  the 
Master,  Fellows,  and  every  other  mem- 
ber  of  Balliol,  were  at  the  head  of  the 
melancholy  procession :  the  father  and 
brother  of  the  deceased  followed  the 
corpse  to  the  grave. 

Feb,  7.  At  Holmwood,  Charles  Henry 
Stonor,  esq.  brother  of  Lord  Camoys. 
He  was  watching  the  fall  of  a  large  beech 
in  his  park  at  Holmwood,  when,  from  the 
saturated  state  of  the  ground,  it  suddenly 
fell  on,  and  so  seriously  injured  him,  that 
he  survived  the  accident  but  a  few  hours. 

Feb,  13.  The  beloved  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Edward  Milnes,  Vicar  of  Wat- 
lington. 

Somerset.— .^n^.  12, 1839.  At  Bath, 
aged  80,  Lieut.  Gen.  Sir  Thomas  Dallas, 
of  the  E.  L  C.  Service. 

Jan,  10.  At  Shepton  Mallett,  aged 
42,  Sarah-Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
Edmond  Estcourt  GkUe,  esq.  of  Ashwick, 
Somerset,  and  Milborne,  Wilts. 

Jan,  19.  Aged  100,  Miss  NicboUs, 
late  of  Wells,  aunt  of  William  Pulsford, 
esq.  solicitor,  of  Bath,  and  of  Mr.  John 
Dawbin,  of  Stawell,  near  Bridgwater,  at 
whose  residence  she  expired. 

Jan,  22.  Aged  80,  Mrs.  Penny,  for- 
merly of  Bath. 

Jan,  23.  Aged  83,  Mrs.  MichelU  of 
Huish  Episcopi,  Somerset,  relict  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Michell,  Preb.  of  Gloucester 
and  Wells. 

Jan,  26.  At  Bath,  in  his  17th  vear, 
William  Lyster  Willis,  eldest  son  of  the 
Rev.  W.  Downes  Willis,  M.  A.  Lecturer 
of  Walcot,  and  Minister  of  all  Saints, 
Bath. 

Jan.  28.  At  Bath,  aged  58,  Fleming 
John  Brisco,  esq.  son  of  the  late  Sir 
John  Brisco,  Bart,  of  Crofton  Park, 
Cumberland. 

F^b,  6.  At  Springfield-place,  Bris. 
lington,  deeply  regretted,  Easter,  the  be- 
loved  wife  of  Capt.  GrUBtbt,  Hon.  E.  I.  C. 
Service, 


332 


OniTUART. 


[Mtfch, 


Feb,  10.  At  Bath,  Miss  Shuttleworth, 
only  sister  of  the  Rev.  the  Warden  of 
New  College,  Oxford. 

Feb,   12.     At  Bath,  aged  84,   John 

Benett,  esq.  formerly  of  Maidford,  Wilts. 

Stafford. — Feb.  4.     At  West  Brom- 

wich,  aged  47,  John  Bagnall,  esq.  coal 

and  iron  master. 

Suffolk.— Jan.  11.  At  Buiy  St.  Ed- 
mund's, aged  71,  Sarah,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
J.  B.  Sams,  Rector  of  Honington,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Andrew  Hewitt,  M.D. 
of  Holt,  Norfolk,  and  formerly  of 
Oundle. 

Lately,  At  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  aged 
81,  Mrs.  Anne  Bromfield. 

Feb,  14.  At  Tostock  Place,  near 
Bury,  Emma,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Natlil. 
Colvile,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  C.  B. 
Metcalfe,  esq.  of  West  Ham,  Essex,  and 
Hawsted,  Suffolk. 

Surrey. — Jan.  22.    At  Croydon,  aged 
76,  Mary,  relict  of  William  Griffith,  esq. 
Lately.     At  Beers,  near  Reigate,  aged 
75,  Isaac  Clutton,  esq. 

Feb.  6.  At  Mortlake,  aged  77,  Mary, 
relict  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Williamson, 
late  of  Congleton. 

Feb.  II.  At  Ember-grove,  Ditton, 
aged  55,  Ann,  wife  of  John  Easthope, 
esq.  M.P. 

Sussex. — Jan.  29.  At  Brighton,  age- 
83,  Mrs.  Darby,  relict  of  Z.  F.  Darby, 
esq.  Inte  of  Woburn-place,  and  Hamp- 
stead.heath;  and  formerlv  a  partner  in 
the  firm  of  Walkden  and  Darby,  of  Shoe 
Lane. 

Lately.  At  Brighton,  Mr.  Chas.  Wm. 
Lyon,  of  St.  Jobn*s  College,  Cambridge. 
Feb.  1.  At  Hastings,  aged  IG,  Salva- 
dora  Hannah,  fifth  and  only  surviving 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Birch,  Archdeacon 
of  Lewes. 

At  Hastings,  aged  31,  Richard  Favell, 
esq.  lute  of  Lincoln's-inn. 

Feb.  11.  At  Hustings,  aged  21,  Julia 
Georgiana  Louisa,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Robert  Heath,  of  Clapton,  and  niece  to 
Lord  Byron. 

Feb.  \2.  At  Walberton,  Mrs.  Eliza- 
beth Neale,  relict  of  Francis  Neale,  esq. 
Siddlesham. 

Feb.  14.  At  Brighton,  aged  68,  John 
WooUey  of  Beckenham  Lodge,  Kent, 
esq.  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  tSurrey. 

At  Chichester,  aged  59,  Fred.  Vigne, 
esq. 

Feb.  16.  At  Brighton,  aged  54,  Sarah 
Anne,  relict  of  W.  Holloway,  esq.  of 
Cowcs. 

Feb.  17.  At  Hastings,  in  the  19th 
year  of  her  age,  Frances  Uisula,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  Hon.  and  Verv  Rev.  George 
Pellew.  D.D.  of  Corpus  Christi  College, 
Dean  of  Norwich. 


Warwick.— /M.  96.  At  Solili^ 
aged  24,  George  Hensey  Btte*  tftet  mm 
of  the  late  J.  H.  Bate,  esq.  of  Wot 
Bromwich. 

Jan,  29.  At  Aylesbury  Home,  in  Wr 
75th  year,  Helena  Ferreri,  wktow  oC  Ei* 
ward  Ferrers,  esq.  (who  died  in  1795) 
and  mother  of  the  late  Edward  Fciien» 
esq.  of  Baddesley  Clinton. 

Jan,  30.  At  Arden  Home,  ^td  59, 
Thomas  James  Philip  Bunnan,  esq. 

Feb.  8.  In  Leamington,  aged  31, 
Jane,  wife  of  Robert  Bent,  esq.  of  Wb- 
claton  Cottage,  near  Newcastle-on-Tpe. 
Feb,  13.  At  Small  Heatii,  ^ed  6% 
Richard  Harbome,  esq.  forroeilj  of  %- 
mingham. 

Feb,  16.  At  Leamington,  afeed  40, 
William  Haropson  Morrison, eeq.  Qnecn*t 
Clerk  and  Clerk  of  Papers  of  Her  Ma- 
jesty's Mint. 

Westmorland. — Feb.  5.  At  Aeorn 
Bank,  near  Templesowetiiy,  -aged  37, 
John  Boazman,e8q. 

Wilts.— /«».  17.  Louise,  wife  of 
John  Houghton,  esq.  of  Boreham. 

Jan.  25.  At  Netherhampton,  aged  89p 
Mrs.  Philippa  Grove,  sister  of  Tbonai 
Grove,  esq.  of  Fern. 

Jan,  28.  Aged  65^  Benjamin  Coffia 
Thomas,  esq.  F.  S.  A.  solicitor,  of 
Malmesbury.  He  was  transacting  bosi- 
ness  at  a  bank  in  that  town  when  be  fell, 
and  immediately  expired. 

At  Heytesbury,  aged  81,  the  Hon.  FVa- 
derick  Ashe  A' Court,  youngest  son  of 
Lord  and  Lady  Heytesbury. 

Lately.  At  Devizes,  at  an  adveaeed 
age,  John  Fowler,  esq.  surgeon. 

Feb.  6.  Aged  82,  Sarah,  rdict  d 
Richard  Hallilay,  esq.  of  WedhamptOB. 
Worcester. — Jan.  25.  At  Worcester. 
in  her  87th  year,  Cecilia  Maria,  relict  ol 
John  Macdonald  Kinneir,  esq.  of  Kin- 
neir  and  Sanda,  N.  B.  s[nd  mother  of 
Archdeacon  and  C^iptain  Macdonald. 

York.— /on.  26.  At  Hull,  md  ii^ 
Sarah,  second  dau.  of  the  late  William 
Swainson,  esq.  of  Halifax. 

Jan.  29.  At  Hull,  aged  31,  Mr.  John 
Greenwood,  engraver. 

Feb.  2.  At  Beverley,  aged  77,  WaitOB 
Pennyman  Berry,  esq. 

Feb.  1 1.  Ac  Bamsley,  aged  8B,  Joecpli 
Beckett,  esq.  one  of  her  Mvesty^  Deputy 
Lieutenants  for  the  West  Kidhig,  unck 
to  Sir  John  Beckett,  Bart,  and  to  thi 
Messrs.  Beckett,  of  Leeds,  bsnkcrs. 
Also  on  the  13th,  aged  79,  Mary,  his  wife, 
dau.  of  John  Stuniforth,  esq.  of  Hull. 

Feb,  15,  At  Harewood  House,  ^cd 
70,  the  Right  Hon.  Henrietta  Covntesi 
of  Harewood.  She  was  the  eldest  iku 
of  the  late  Sir  John  Sanndera  SchrUc 
Bart  and  was  married  to  the  £«1  ei 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


333 


Harewood  in  1794.  She  bad  issue  b  very 
numerous  family,  of  whom  the  eldest  son, 
Viscount  Lascelles,  is  lately  deceased  at 
Munich. 

Aged  \05  years  and  seven  months, 
Mrs.  Hannah  Hodgson,  of  Herod  Well, 
near  Halifax ;  she  retained  the  use  of  her 
faculties  to  the  last. 

Scotland. — Jan,  26.  At  Locherbie 
House,  aged  65,  the  Right  Hon.  Lady 
Catharine  Heron  Douglas,  youngest  dau. 
of  Sir  William  Douglas,  of  Kelhead, 
Bart,  and  sister  to  the  Marquess  of 
Queensberry.  She  was  raised  to  the  rank 
ot  the  daughter  of  a  Marquess  in  May 
J  837. 

Lately.  At  Edinburgh,  Catharine,  se- 
cond dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Sir  Henry  M. 
Wellwood,  Bart. 

lacLAND. — Jan,  2.  At  Dublin,  Mary 
relict  of  the  Rev.  James  John  Moore, 
mother  of  Mr.  H.  M.  Moore,  B.A.  of 
Liverpool. 

Jan.  24.  Were  interred  at  Doone,  co. 
Limerick,  John  Nolan,  aged  114  years, 
and  his  wife,  aged  1U5.  This  centena- 
rian couple  died  on  the  same  day,  and 
were  buried  in  one  grave. 

Ijotely.  At  Berehaven,  Dr.  P.  Shar- 
key, senior  physician  to  the  Cork  General 
Dispensary.  In  his  collegiate  career,  dis- 
tingui.shed  among  the  tirst,  if  not  the  first 
(Jreek  scholar  of  his  day,  he  obtained  the 
prize  fur  a  Creek  poem,  on  a  subject  pro- 
postd  to  the  Irish  as  well  as  the  British 
Universities,  by  the  Rev.  Claudius  Bu- 
chanan, on  the  occasion  of  founding  a 
college  in  India.  He  was  also  the  au- 
tlior  of  a  Latin  poem  on  the  death  of  Dr. 
Young,  for  which  he  was  awarded  a  silver 
medal  by  the  late  Historical  Society;  and 
the  successful  competitor  for  more  than 
one  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy's  Prizes. 

At  Rathfarnam  C^istle,  Mrs.  Burton, 
widow  of  the  Dean  of  Killala. 

Feb.  4,  At  Dublin,  Lady  Mary,  widov/ 
of  the  late  Rt.  Hon.  William  Sauriii,  and 
sister  to  the  Marquess  of  Thomond.  She 
WHS  married  first  to  Sir  Richard  Cox, 
Bart,  who  died  in  17S4> ;  and  secondly  to 
Mr.  Saurin,  who  died  in  Feb.  1U39  (see 
our  Vol.  XII.  p.  88.) 

IsLK  or  Man. — Jan.  17.  Aged  63, 
Mrs.  Ann  (fore,  second  daughter  of  the 
liii«'  Hev.  Dr.  Gore,  many  years  Bishop 
of  Limerick. 

East  IsDiBb. — Oct.  8.  At  Bombay, 
William  Bromley  ('adogan  Graham,  esq. 
M.D.  second  son  of  Alexander  Graham, 
esq.  of  Ballagan,  Stirlingshire. 

iVor.  10.  At  the  Cupe  of  Good  Hope, 
aged  33,  Capt.  Adoluhus  £.  Byam,  E.I. 
C  Horse  Art.,  Mil.  Secretary  to  the  Resi- 
dent  at  Hyderabad,  second  son  of  the  late 
Her.  Dr.  Bjani. 


Nov,  29.  At  Shikarpoor,  of  cholera, 
whilst  on  his  march  with  the  returning 
troups  from  Ghiznee,  C^apt.  Bertram 
Newton  Ogle,  4th  Light  Dragoons,  sixth 
son  of  the  Rev.  J.  S.  Ogle,  of  Kirkley 
Hall,  Northumberland. 

Nov.  oO.  Near  Bangalore,  of  cholera, 
aged  38,  Capt.  William  Way  Baker, 
32d  Madras  N.  Inf.  third  son  of  Sir  Ro- 
bert Baker,  of  Montagu-place. 

Bee.  15.  At  Calcutta,  Thomas  James 
Taylor,  esq.  second  son  of  Thomas  Tay- 
lor,  esq.  ComptroUer-general  of  the  Cus- 
toms. 

Lately.  At  Bombay,  aged  21,  George 
Macleod,  esq.  Assistant  Field  Engineer  to 
the  Scinae  Reserve  Force,  second  son  of 
the  late  Norman  Macleod,  esq.  Bengal 
Civil  Service. 

West  \vDvs.%.-^Sept.  17.  On  board 
her  Majesty's  ship  Satellite,  off  St.  Do- 
mingo, aged  18,  W.  Chetwynd  Plowden 
Wood,  esq.  midshipman,  second  son  of 
Gen.  John  Sulivan  Wood,  Lieutenant  of 
the  Tower  of  London. 

Sept.  30.  At  St.  Lucia,  in  his  44th 
year,  William  Salter,  esq.  Landing  Sur- 
veyor of  Her  Majesty's  Customs,  and 
formerly  resident  at  Exeter. 

Oct,  19.  At  St.  Lucia,  Emma,  wife  of 
Charles  Bennett,  esq.  M.D.  stipendiary 
magistrate,  eldest  daughter  of  Robert 
Ward,  esq.  of  Brighton. 

Abroad. — May  9.  At  sea,  on  bis 
passage  from  Port  Philip  to  Sidney,  ag^ 
41,  Frederic  Charles  Ebhart,  esq.  late 
Captain  45th. 

Auy At  Port  Macquarie,  New 

South  Wales,  Capt.  E.  L.  Adams,  late 
Commander  of  the  Hon.  East  Indim 
Company's  ship,  Kellie  Castle. 

Oct.  31 .  On  his  estate,  Querinelond, 
near  Elsinorc,  aged  71,  Charles  Stonor, 
esq. 

Nov.  I.  At  Rio  de  Janeiro,  aged  379 
Dr.  A.  F.  Goodridge,  sonof  John  Qood« 
ridge,  Esq.  R.N.  of  Paington,  Devon. 

Nov.  9.  At  Buenos  Ayres,  aged  25, 
in  conscauence  of  a  severe  fall,  Edward 
Jobslyn  Lay,  of  her  Majesty's  ship  Cal- 
liope, youngest  son  of  the  late  John  Lay, 
esq.  of  Crepping  Hall,  Wakes  Colne, 
Essex. 

Nov.  10.  At  Three  Rivers,  aged  80^ 
Helen  Macdonell,  widow  of  James  Mac* 
kenzic,  esq.  a  native  of  Invernessshire, 
and  daughter  of  Allan  Macdonell,  of 
Lundie,  esq.  who  emigrated  to  North 
America  (the  Mohawk),  with  many  othera 
of  his  clan,  1773,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  Glengarry,  in  Upper  Canada. 
He  was  out  with  his  chief,  Glengarry,  to 
whom  he  was  related,  in  1743,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  battle  of  CuUoden ;  but  at 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Ameriom  wtr,  ho 


334 


Obituary. 


[Maidi, 


joined  the  Royal  Forces,  in  1776,  as 
Lieut,  in  the  84th  Loyalists,  and  also 
held  an  appointment  in  the  Commissariat, 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  and  ended  his 
days  in  Three  Rivers  in  182?,  at  an  ad- 
vanced  age.  Mrs.  Mackenzie  was  the 
mother  of  Mrs.  Bell,  Mrs.  Munro,  and 
Capt.  Mackenzie,  OTth  Rcgt. 

Nov,  12.  At  Quebec,  aged  73,  the 
Hon.  Jonathan  Sewell,  LL.D.  of  the 
Executive  Council,  and  for  many  years 
its  President,  Speaker  of  the  Legislative 
Council,  and  late  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Province. 

Nov,  13.  Aged 53,  Capt.  J.  N.  Creigh- 
ton,  late  of  the  11th  Dragoons,  Barrack- 
master  at  Sierra  Leone,  Africa. 

Nov.  15.  At  St.  Petersburg,  Benja- 
min Hickson,  esq.  merchant,  formerly  of 
Hull. 

Nov,  24.  At  Paris,  aged  75,  Diana- 
Jane  Countess  of  Ranfurly.  Her  Lady- 
ship was  the  eldest  dau.  and  coheir  of 
Edmond-Sexten  Viscount  Pery,  uncle  to 
the  present  Earl  of  Limerick,  by  his  se- 
cond wife  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  John  Lord 
Knapton ;  was  married  in  1785,  and  has 
left  four  sons  and  one  daughter. 

Dec,  10.  In  the  Gulf  of  Smyrna, 
aged  22,  Edward  F.  North,  of  her  Ma- 
jesty's ship  Princess  Charlotte,  youngest 
son  of  the  late  Francis  Frederick  North, 
esq.  of  Hastings  and  Rougham. 

Dec.  11.  At  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  aged 
60,  John  Fawsett,  esq. 

Dec,  14.  At  Messina,  Maria  Catharine 
Constantia,  wife  of  Alphonso  Matthey, 
esq.  Assistant  Commissary  general. 

Dec,  17.  At  Munich,  aged  48,  the 
Rt.  Hon.  Edward  V^iscount  Lascelles, 
eldest  son  of  the  Earl  of  Harewood.  He 
married  in  1821,  Miss  Louisa  Rowley, 
who  is  deceased,  without  issue.  The  title 
descends  to  his  next  brother  the  Hon. 
Henry  Lascelles,  who  married,  in  182.3, 
Lady  Louisa  Thynne,  and  has  a  very 
numerous  family.  The  mortal  remains 
of  the  deceased  were  interred  in  Germany. 
At  Paris,  John  Warburton,  esq.  eldest 
son  of  Rich.  Warburton,  esq.  of  Garry- 
binch.  Queen's  county. 

Dec,  20.  AtBoulognc-sur-Mer,  Mrs. 
Hartley,  relict  of  \Vinchcombe  Henry 
Hartley, esq.  of  Bucklebury  House,  Berk- 
shire, many  years  M.P.  for  that  county, 
and  Colonel  of  the  North  Gloucester 
Militia. 

At  Paris,  aged  67,  Major  James  Brown 
Homer,  of  Charlton,  Kent,  formerly  of 
the  &4th  Regiment,  and  within  a  few  hours 
his  wife,  Helen  C.  Horner,  aged  64. 

Dec.  22.  At  Boulogne  sur-Mer,  aged 
61,  Lady  Emily  Wellesley.  She  was  the 
eldest  daughter  of  Charles  first  Earl  Ca- 
do^n,  by  bis  second  wife  Mary,  eldest 


dau.*  of  Charles  Churdiill,  etq.  and 
married  in  1802  to  the  Hon.  and  BtSf 
Gerald  Valerian  Wellesley,  D.D.  Pn- 
bendary  of  Durham,  younger  brodwr  of 
the  Duke  of  Wellington.  Ladr  Emflv 
has  left  a  numerous  family.  H«r  tUra 
daughter  is  married  to  the  Viteoont  Cbd- 
sea,  eldest  son  of  Earl  CadQnn. 

On  board  the  ship  New  Jerwti^f  on  Us 
passage  from  Savannah,  aged  S7»  FYands 
Holyoake  Moore,  B.A.  late  of  Queen's 
Coll.  Cambridge,  third  son  of  die  late  Mr. 
Moore,  of  Mappleborougb-green,  Wanr. 

Dec.  26.  At  Malta,  aged  21,  Maiy- 
Anne  C.  C.  G.  wife  of  Charlea  Brett, 
esq.  of  Eaton-place,  eldest  daughter  of  J. 
Ede,  esq.  Ridgeway  Castle,  Southampton. 

Dec,  28.  At  the  residence  of  her  fa- 
ther, William  Cookesley,  esq.  at  Bou- 
logne, Miss  Harriet  Young  Cookealey. 

Dec.  30.  Drowned  off  Talle,  near  Ve- 
nice,  aged  26,  Alfred,  fifth  son  of  William 
Searle  Bentall,  esq.  banker,  of  Totnes, 
Devon,  Commander  of  the  Brig  Permei, 
of  London. 

Dec,3\.  At  Rome,  Profesaor  Nibi, 
the  great  antiquary.  He  has  left  many 
learned  works,  but  is  said  to  have  died  ex* 
tremely  poor. 

Jan,  1.  In  his  82nd  year.  Colonel 
Harry  Compton,  of  Chateau  de  la  Brere, 
France,  and  formerly  of  Wallop  Lodge, 
Hants. 

Jan,  3.  Aged  83,  Dom  Patricio  da 
Silva,  Cardinal  Patriarch  of  Lisbon.  He 
was  originally  a  friar  of  the  order  of  St. 
Augustine,  and  was  successively  Doctor 
of  Theology,  Professor  of  the  same  in  the 
University  of  Coimbra,  Fellow  of  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Sciences,  Bishop  of 
Castello  Branco,  Archbishop  of  Eton, 
Secretary  of  State  for  Ecclesiastical  Af- 
fairs  and  Justice,  Cardinal,  Patriarch  of 
Lisbon,  a  Peer  of  the  kingdom,  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  Chamber  of  Peers. 

At  Amsterdam,  George  Anthony  Saw* 
yer,  esq.  of  Severn  House,  Henbary. 

At  Pisa,  Mary,  wife  of  James  C^^iel, 
esq.  of  Russell-square. 

Jan,  4.  At  Gibraltar.  Emily,  wife  of 
Major  P.  W.  Walker,  R.  A.  dau.  of  the 
late  Col.  GUsse,  East  India  C.  Service. 

Jan,  6.  At  Smyrna,  aged  63,  WiUiam 
Mattass,  esq.  formeriy  of  Balham-bil^ 
Surrey. 

Jan.  10.  At  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  Charlea 
Presbury,  esq.  formerly  of  New  streal, 
Co  vent  Garden. 

Jan.  11.  At  Marseilles,  aged  2S» 
Frederick,  youngest  son  of  William  Hemy 
Holt,  esq.  of  Enfield. 

At  Paris,  Henry,  only  son  of 
Finimore  Hill,  esq.  late  of 
Sussex. 
Lately.    At  Ualifiuc,  N.S.  in  fate  QM 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


335 


year,  Tbonuui  Wahab,  esq.  M.D.  Sur- 
geon of  her  Majesty's  37th  Kegt.  to  which 
he  was  appointed  Assistant-surgeon  1811, 
Surgeon  1830. 

M.  de  Tiszkiewicz,  the  richest  land- 
holder in  Russian  Lithuania.  He  was  said 
to  have  refused  the  hand  of  his  daughter 
to  Duke  Alexander  of  Wurtemberg.  who 
afterwards  married  the  Princess  Marie 
d' Orleans.  His  daughter  has  since  mar. 
ried  Prince  Sapieha,  and  had  2,000,000 
crowns  for  her  dowry.  His  property 
comprised  forty-six  extensive  domains,  on 
which  there  are  20,000  families  of  pea- 
santry, reckoning  in  them  60,000  males. 
In  money  he  possessed  56,000,000  Polish 
Horins,  equal  to  864,000/.  He  had  had 
six  children,  of  whom  three  sons,  besides 


his  daughter,  survive  him.  The  eldest,  ac- 
cording to  the  laws  of  Lithuania,  inherits 
the  whole  of  this  immense  wealth.  He, 
however,  has  assigned  one-fourth  to  be 
equally  divided  between  his  two  brothers. 

At  Adelaide,  South  Australia,  aged  27, 
Mary,  wife  of  Capt.  John  Bishop,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Danl.  Watldns,  esq.  of 
fiislev,  Glouc. — Also,  on  the  6th  of  June, 
Elizabeth- Charlotte,  her  infant  daughter. 

At  Friburg,  aged  69,  Aloyse  Mooser, 
the  celebrated  organ  builder.  His  master- 
piece is  the  organ  of  the  church  of  St. 
Nicholas  in  that  town. 

Aged  88,  Dr.  Blumenbach,  of  Gottin- 

f^en,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  phi- 
osophers  and  professors  in  that  Univer- 
sity. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  Jan.  28  to  Feb.  18,  1840. 


Christened. 
Males        513 
Females     470 


} 


983 


Buried. 
Males  522 
Females     502 


Whereof  have  died  under  two  years  old  ...239 


1 1024  I  \ 


2  and  o 
5  and  10 
10  and  20 
20  and  30 
30  and  40 
40  and  50 


91 
.34 
46 
79 
99 
95 


50  and  60  102 
60  and  70  104 
70  and  80  86 
80  and  90  43 
90  and  100  5 
100  1 


A  VKRAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  Feb.  21. 


Wheat. 
65    5 


Barley. 
«.    d, 
39     0 


Oats. 
t.     d. 
23  II 


Rye. 
#.     d, 

37    9 


Beans. 

t.    d, 

40    3 


Peas. 
#.    d, 
40    2 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,   Feb.  21. 
Sussex  Pockets,  21  Ot.  to  3/.  3«.— Kent  Pockets,  2/.  2t.  to  6/.  Ot. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Feb.  21. 
Hay,  3/.  5<.  to  4/.  8«— .Straw,  1/.  16r.  to  2/.  2«.— Clover,  4/.  lOf.  to  5/.  lOt.  0/f. 

SMITHFIELD,  Feb.  24.     To  sink  the  OffaU-per  stone  of  81bs. 


Beef 3#.  4rf.  to  4#.    8rf. 

Mutton 4#.  2rf.  to  5f.    ^d. 

Veal 5».  Orf.  to  5#.  lOrf. 

Pork 4#.  4rf.  to  5/.    4rf. 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Feb.  24. 

Beasts 2771     Calves  75 

Sheep 21,130    Pigt    403 


COAL  MARKET,  Feb.  21. 
Walls  Ends,  from  I6«.  Qd,  to  25«.  6d.  per  ton.     Other  sorU  from  16/.  6d.  to  22f.  Od. 

TALLOW,  per  cwt— Town  Tallow,  56f.  dd.     Yellow  Russia,  53r. 
CANDLES,  8#.  Qd,  per  doz.     Moulds,  9/.  6c/. 

PRICES  OF  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Brothers,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 

23,  Change  Alley,  ComhiU. 

Birmingham  Canal,  219. Ellesmere  and    Chester,  81. Grand  Juncdon 

181. Kennet  and    Avon,  27. Leeds  and  Liverpool,  750. Regent's,    12. 

Rochdale,  112. London  Dock  Stock,  6  jf St.  Katharine's,  106. East 

and  West  India,  105.— » Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railway,  183.— -Grand  Junc- 
tion Water  Works,  67|. West  Middlesex,  99. Globe  Insurance,    132 . 

Guardian,  35|. Hope,5j. Chartered  Gas,  57|. Imperial  Gas,  54. . 

Phomix  Gas,  31. Independent  Gas,  50. General  United  Gas,  37. Canada 

Land  Company,  28.— ->B[iever8ionary  Interest,  1^. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  bt  W.CAEY,  SxBAim. 

Fnm  Jammry  96  lo  fMntary  95,  1  MO,  bMA  tathahx. 
Kalircnh«it'«  Therm.  11   Fahrenheit'!  Tberm. 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS, 
From  Jamary  29  lo  Febrvary  26,  1840,  bath  inclutive. 


3,  a.  mcHOLi  Atu>  iDM,  96,  tAtxiumm-reua, 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE, 

APRIL,  1840. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONTENTS. 

Minor  Correspondence. — Library  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin— Barony  of 
Hoc— The  surnames  of  the  Earls  of  Chester,  Gemons,  and  Meschines — The 
first  Common  Seal  of  Bristol— The  families  of  Burland  and  Girlington. ...     338 

Lord  Dudley's  Letters  to  the  Bishop  of  Landaff 339 

English  Armour  and  Arms  in  the  reigns  of  Elizabeth  and  James  L  {with  a 

Plate) 348 

Notes  on  Boswell's  Johnson,  by  Croker. ., 353 

Particulars  of  the  great  Fire  of  South ^ark  in  1676 359 

The  Common  Seal  of  Penrith  in  Cumberland 360 

Birth,  Marriage,  and  Adventures  of  Nour- Mahal 361 

On  Sanctuaries,  particularly  those  of  Britany 365 

The  Old  Font  of  St.  George's,  Southwark  {unth  a  Cut) 367 

Gold  Gothic  Ring  found  in  Rhdsilly  Sands,  Glamorganshire 368 

The  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakespeare 369 

Mr  Bruce  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakspere 374 

Mr.  Bolton  Corney  on  the  same  subject 378 

Document  relating  to  Wyclyff,  the  Reformer 379 

Mr.  Jesse  on  the  Identity  of  Heme's  Oak 380 

Colonel  John  Jones  of  Maes-y-Garnedd,  the  Regicide 383 

The  Arrangements  of  the  State  Paper  Office 38^ 

Retrospective  Review. — The  Poems  of  James  Yates,  1583 385 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 

Dr.  Pye  Smith's  Relation  between  Scripture  and  Geology,  389  ;  Poems  by  R. 
Moncton  Milnes,  393 ;  Farr's  Remedy  for  the  Distresses  of  the  Nation, 
.J94 ;  Timperley's  Dictionary  of  Printers  and  Printing,  395  ;  Sir  John 
Hayward's  Certain  Yeeres  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Reigne  398;  Delicic 
Literariae,  400 ;  Miicellaneous  Reviews •     401 

FINE  ARTS. 
Gibson's    Sculptures — Hayter's   Picture  of  the   Coronation,   Panorama   of 
Benares,  &c •  • 404 

LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

List  of  New  Publications,  404 ;  Foreign  Literary  Intelligence,  Royal,  Geo- 
logical, Microscopical,  and  Botanical  Societies ;  Institute  of  British  Archi- 
tects      408 

On  the  Architecture  of  the  Nineteenth  Century • 409 

Recent  Destruction  of  Exchequer  Records  at  Somerset  House 413 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 

Society  of  Antiquaries,  416  ;  French  Antiquarian  Intelligence,  417  ;  Ancient 
Articles  of  Amber,  418;  Imperial  Statues  found  at  Cenretri,  419  ;  Mount 
Athos,  ib.  —  Salonica,  Roman  Skeleton  found  in  London,  Egyptian 
Mummy,  &c , 430 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 

Parliamentary  Proceedings,  431  ;  Foreign  News,  433. — Domestic  Occurrences     434 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  43.'>.-— Births,  436.— Marriages 437 

()HITI:ARY;  with  Memoirs  of  the  Eari  of  Mansfield,  Right  Hon.  John  SuUivan, 
Sir  W.  Williams  Wynu,  Bart.  Sir  C.  R  Blunt,  Bart.  Rear-Adm.  Hancock,  Capt. 
W.  Hill,  Capt.  W.  H.  B.  Proby,  Capt.  C  Phillips,  Capt.  R.  Dickenson,  Lieat.. 
Col.  Holmes,  Lieut.. Col.  Arnold,  Major  Byam,  Rev.  John  Wordsworth,  Mr. 
Luke  Clennell,  W.  J.Ward,  e.iq.  A.R.A 438 — 439 

Clkrgy  Diceasid,  439.— Deaths  arranged  in  Counties 440 

Bill  of  Mortality-Markets-Prices  of  Shares,  447 -Meteorological  Diary- Stocki    448 

EmbcUiahed  with  «  Representation  of  Military  Costume,  temp.  Jamet  L  ;  and  of 

tbe  Old  Font  of  St«  George's,  Southwark. 


338 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


A.  C.  writes :  "In  the  observations 
upon  the  early  Irish  press  made  by  J.  R. 
in  February  (p.  145),  a  doubt  was  ex- 
pressed whether  a  copy  of  the  first  work 
which  issued  from  th£s  press,  the  Book  of 
Common  Prayer,  is  preserved  in  the 
Library  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin.  I 
beg  to  inform  you  that  the  Library  con- 
tains a  copy  of  this  book  in  fine  condi- 
tion, and  that  it  is  generally  believed 
there  is  no  other  copy  in  existence. 
Your  correspondent's  acquaintance  with 
the  Library  of  the  University  connot  be 
of  recent  date,  or  he  could  not  have 
spoken  of  its  treasures  as  being  unre- 
vealed,  as  if  entombed  in  the  cryptic  re- 
ceptacles of  the  East,  described  by  Co- 
lonel Tod.  Owing  to  the  indefatigable 
exertions  of  the  learned  Under* Librarian, 
the  Rev.  J.  H.  Todd,  the  numerous  MSS. 
and  printed  treasures  of  this  valuable 
Library  have  been  arranged,  classified, 
and  made  accessible  to  the  learned  in- 
quirer.** 

J.  S.  in  reply  to  Cantianus  on  the 
iunily  of  Toke,  (Jan.  p.  38,  where  he 
says,  "  The  ancient  Barony  of  Hoo  and 
Hastings,  created  24th  of  Henry  VI.  in 
the  person  of  Thomas  Hoo,  who  died 
without  issue,  there  is  reason  to  believe 
is  in  abeyance  in  the  family  of  Toke  of 
Godinton,  as  John  Toke  of  Beere  married 
Joyce,  only  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Hoo, 
brother  of  the  Lord  Hoo,  from  which 
marriage  the  Rev.  Nicholas  Toke,  the 
present  possessor  of  Godinton,  is  lineally 
descended,'*)  begs  leave  to  observe,  that 
**  as  the  barony  of  Hoo  was  created  by 
Letter*  Patent  it  would  immediately  be- 
come extinct  on  the  failure  of  heirs  male, 
and  even  if  it  had  been  created  by  ivrit  it 
would  not  be  in  abeyance  in  the  family  of 
Toke,  as  Lord  Hoo  left  issue  (beside  a 
son  who  died  in  his  father's  lifetime 
issueless)  four  daughters,  of  whom  Jane 
married  Sir  Roger  Copley,  Knight,  from 
which  marriage  the  present  Sir  Joseph 
Copley  maternally  descends.  It  is  also 
remarkable  that  Lord  Hoo's  name  was 
Thomas,  which  makes  it  improbable  that 
he  should  have  a  brother  bearing  the 
same."  This  Correspondent  is  nearly  cor- 
rect in  his  statement.  Lord  Hoo  left  three 
daughters  and  coheirs,  Anne  married  to 
Roger  Copley,  Eleanor  to  James  Carew, 
and  Elizabeth  to  Sir  John  Devenish,  whose 
ions  Roger  Copley,  ajt.  40,  Richard 
Carew,  eet.  40,  and  Richard  Devenish,  act. 
36,  in  4  Hen.  VIII.  were  found  to  be  co- 


heirs, in  right  of  their  respectire  mothen, 
of  Eleanor  Lady  Hoo  and  Hasting! . 

The  CoRREMPON'DKNT  who  inquliTS, 
''  where  was  Gernon  Castle  in  Nor- 
mandy,  at  which  Ranulph  third  Eaii  of 
Chester  is  said  to  have  been  bora?** 
(Burke's  Extinct  Peerage,  p.  347)i  ii  in- 
formed that  he  was  "  lomimed  Genoas 
from  his  moustaches  ;  not,  as  fome  isy, 
from  the  castle  of  his  nativity."  (Hiit. 
of  Lacock  Abbey,  by  Bowles  aad  NUMi, 
p.  71 .)  We  perceive  that  ia  Bvke  be  is 
also  called  **  de  Mesdunei,**  but  ad  ~ 
was  this  an  hereditary  miumam ;  A* 
tinction  of  that  **  le  Meacheya  **  ~  ~ 
to  his  father.  It  is  not  raMplimcnlMj. 
as  will  be  seen  on  referenoe  to  a  VtmiA 
dictionary,  kodie  mesqnin. 

C.  W.  L.  writes:  '*  It  is  «Hk  put 
diffidence  that  I  call  in  qOMtion  tha  a- 
planation  of  the  first  comaaon  Seal  of  Hm 
city  of  Bristol  given  by  sodi  a  bub  m  the 
late  Mr.  Dallaway ;  bat  to  mm  it  9ffmn 
that  his  translation  is  not  the  ooiioct  ooa. 
and  therefore  sabmit  to  yoor  , 
that  which  follows, — ^but  wiU  firat 
that  *  custodio,*  among  ita  otber 
ings,  signifies  '  to  observe — to  watch  to 
mark  diligently,'  and  that  '  Porta* 
means  '  a  gate— a  port,  a  narrow  pas- 
sage.' I  should  then  tranalata  tho  pat- 
sage  *  Secret!  clavis  sum  portAa.  Na- 
vita  navis  Portam  cnstodit.  FortaBi 
vigil indice  prodit.*  'I  am  tho  key  of 
the  secret  port.  The  seaman  of  tho  ship 
observes  diligently  the  narrow  onfraMu 
The  warder  points  oat  the  port  with  his 
forefinger' — and  thns  each  it  tngt^jtA  in 
his  duty,  the  warder  in  pointing  oot  the 
port,  and  the  sailor  in  ">*»*rinf  tho  difi- 
culty  and  danger  of  enterinf  it«**  For 
some  animadversions  on  Mr.  Dolhiwaj*i 
hypothesis  on  the  more  important  payt  of 
this  legend,  the  words  nertti  pmtUMf  wt 
beg  to  refer  to  our  number  for  Await 
1835,  p.  1G5. 

An  Old  CoRRsapoifDBifT  iModret. 
"  who  is  the  present  repreaentenve  of 
the  family  of  Burland,"  at  one  tine  set- 
tled in  Somersetshire.  The  Ust  traee  he 
has  found  of  them  is,  that  Marj  Borlaad 
married  James  Lloyd  Harris,  who  in 
1809  obtained  the  Royal  licenae  to  take 
the  name  of  Burland. 
^  Mr.  Savage*s  commnnieation  refer- 
ring to  a  pedigree  of  Girlington  io  the 
Collectanea  Topographioa  ffttlroaalqtirs. 
has  been  forwarded  to  the  Editor  of  that 
work. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S     MAGAZINE. 


Inters  of  the  Earl  of  Dudlei^  to  the  Bishop  of  Llandaf.     8vo.     Marrty . 

SOME  years  have  eb^ed^  which  remind  us  how  rapidly  the  noon  of 
life  is  gliding  away,  since,  arriving  at  the  Hotel  at  Turin,  we  met  Lord 
Dudley,  then  Mr.  Ward,  on  the  staircase  -,  and  resumed  an  acquaintance 
uhich  had  been  slightly  formed  in  the  '*  academic  bowers,*'  but  which 
had  been  broken  off  by  subsequent  separation.  He  had  lately  left  Nice 
and  the  Mediterranean  shores,  where  he  had  been  passing  the  winter^  and 
was  enjoying  at  Turin  the  elegant  hospitality  of  Mr.  Hill's  table,  and  the 
bright  delicious  progress  of  an  Italian  spring  ^^  undetermined  whether  to 
return  to  England, — for  the  '*  clangor  tubarum  *'  of  the  distant  senate 
sounded  in  his  ears, — and  to  see  the  sun  on  the  northern  side  of  the  Alpit 
vanish  from  him  "  like  a  fairy  gift,'*  or  to  remain  a  few  months  longer  in 
Italy  3  when  we  mentioned  our  design  of  proceeding  to  Florence,  with 
great  good-nature  he  agreed  to  accompany  us,  and  foi;  about  six  weeks  wc 
had  the  enjoyment  of  his  constant  society.  We  well  remember  his  firBt 
misfortune  at  Asti,  which  is  not  mentioned  in  his  correspondence,  and 
which  was  subsequently  the  occasion  of  much  amusement ;  and  Ids  second 
— a  very  serious  one — which  he  has  noticed,  t  and  which  took  place  when 
lie  was  riding  a  wretched  post-horse  to  the  quarries  of  Carrara.  At  Genoa 
we  found  that  the  new  road  then  forming  from  that  place  along  the  coast 
towards  Lucca — though  much  unfinished — was  to  be  opened  for  a  single 
day  for  the  Grand  Duchess  Constantine,  and  we  obtained  leave  to  follow 
in  her  train,  being  the  tirst  Englishmen  who  ever  passed  it.  The  drive 
from  Genoa  to  Sestri  is  not  surpassed  in  beauty  by  any  scene  even  in 
southern  Italy  -,  but  the  beauty  of  its  winding  and  varied  shores  is  now 
well  kno^vn,  and  need  not  detain  us.  Ijord  Dudley  was  always  a  very 
leisurely  traveller,  and  his  journeys  bore  a  great  resemblance  to  morning 
airings ;  and  thus  a  few  weeks  passed  quietly  and  delightfully,  gliding 
through  the  olive  groves  of  Spezia,  or  gazing  on  the  marble  splen- 
dours of  Pisa,  or  the  palaces  and  galleries  of  Florence.  The  day  before 
wc  left  for  Rome,  we  dined  with  him  in  company  with  Sir  John  Malcolm 
and  his  aid-de-camp,  who  were  then  on  their  way  to  England,  having 
travelled  overland  from  India.  Sir  «Iolin,  we  remember,  amused  us 
much  by  his  description  of  the  Viceroy  of  Egypt  paying  him  the  honoors  of 
a  grand  field-day,  in  which  he  showed  his  Arab  army  for  the  first  time 
clothed  in  European  dress,  and  trained  to  our  tactics.     On  that  evening 


*  We  tee  by  our  jonmal  that  the  Oriental  pUiie  wu  in  full  leaf  in  Turin  on  the  3d 
of  April.  .So  wan  ike  AiUiitlin»  KlimdaloM,  the  fig  tree,  and  the  walout.  The  pear 
tree  had  fnut  tet  as  big  m  a  cherry.  The  wheat  was  alao  in  ear.  Trees  do  not  U^ 
in  the  tame  order  and  nucccsrion  in  Italy  at  in  Eagland.  We  had  peat,  atpartgui, 
and  ^trawberrie8  at  the  I'alaxKf)  Rotto,  in  Genoa,  on  the  7th  of  thit  month. 

t  See  iMters.  65,  p.  ^\0,  When  recovered  from  the  mrprite  and  alarm  of  hi« 
hr^t  accident.  Lord  D.  joked  on  thr  effect  of  his  tuppoted  aotamely  fate,  on  hit 
pohtical  oppotttHtt,--the  cnwl  triumph  of  Copley  and  the  htJdu  epitaph  hj  Parr. 


340  Lord  Dudley's  Letters  to  the  Bishop  qfLIandaf.        [April, 

we  parted,  and  we  saw  him  no  more.  Lord  Dudley  appears  to  lu  to  have 
given  a  very  faithful  account  of  his  tastes  and  feelings  as  regaicded  the 
objects  of  art  which  Italy  presented  to  him.  He  visited  the  palaces,  and 
churches  and  museums,  and  galleries  of  pictures,  but  expressed  no  pe- 
culiar enthusiasm  or  delight.^  When  asked  by  some  one  at  Liord  Brad- 
ford's table,  "  whether  he  admired  pictures/'  he  answered,  "  that  Italy  had 
taught  him  to  look  only  on  the  best.'*  Nor  do  we  recollect  that  his  ear  was 
more  finely  attuned  to  the  music  of  sounds,  than  his  eye  to  the  graceful  pro- 
portions of  art,  and  the  forms  of  intellectual  beauty.  His  attention  seemed 
more  directed  to  the  state  of  the  country  through  which  he  wan  travelling : 
the  government,  taxes,  formation  of  new  roads,  character  of  the  BOvereigD, 
of  the  nobility  (we  well  remember  his  conversation  on  Prince  Boigheseat 
Florence),  and  generally  of  the  civil  and  political  system  of  the  different 
states ;  while  an  evening  ride  among  the  pine-groves  of  the  Cascina,  or  on 
the  banks  of  the  Aruo,  in  a  balmy  atmosphere,  and  amid  beautiful  scenes^ 
was  a  pleasure  he  was  not  willing  to  forego.  Every  one  who  was  ac* 
quainted  with  this  very  accomplished  person  must  have  been  strock  with 
the  quickness  of  his  fancy,  and  the  readiness  and  variety  of  his  knowledge. 
His  reason  was  vigorous  and  disciplined  ;  his  judgment  discriminate ;  his 
political  views  temperate  and  sagacious  ;  his  taste  was  delicate,  and  formed 
from  the  highest  models ;  and  his  memory,  which  seemed  very  retentiTe 
and  faithful,  was  stored  with  happy  illustrations^  and  chosen  passages  from 
the  best  writers.  His  general  conversation  was  light,  unaffected,  and 
elegant ;  but  in  argument,  and  when  that  argument  was  on  a  subject  of 
weight,  he  was  serious  and  energetic,  and  pressed  his  reasonings  vrith 
precision  and  force,  and  sometimes  with  great  earnestness  and  animation. 
We  are  very  sorry  to  find  that  the  Bishop  of  Llandaff  has  met  with 
much  difficulty,  and  some  apparently  not  yet  overcome,  in  obtaining  per- 
mission to  publish  these  letters,  which  are  all  addressed  to  himself,  and  thoi 
become  his  own  property.  We  should  have  supposed  that  all  who  respected 
Lord  Dudley's  memory,  or  admired  his  abilities,  would  gratefully  have  met 
the  wishes  of  one  who  eminently,  and  above  all  his  other  friends,  was  able 


*  ''  The  Venus,"  says  Lord  Dudley,  (p.  63)  '^  has  been  replaced  by  a  statue  of  the 
same  deity  by  Canova.  It  is  not  a  copy,  but  executed  upon  a  design  of  his  own  ;  Mid 
I  very  much  suspect  wants  nothing  but  ten  or  fifteen  centuries  passed  over  its  head  to 
be  thought  little  or  nothing  inferior  to  the  work  of  the  Grecian  artist/'  The  Medioem 
Venus  is  not  to  be  dethroned  by  su(^h  an  assertion  as  this.  The  /brm  of  Canorm's 
Venus  is  defective,  as  those  who  do  not  travel  may  see  in  the  duplicate  at  Lord  Lus- 
downe's :  the  same  fault  exists  in  the  central  figure  of  the  group  of  the  Gnces  at 
Woburn,  by  the  same  artist.  We  should  be  inclined  to  make  a  quaere  whether  a  femak 
figure  could  be  placed  in  any  attitude  different  from  that  of  the  Medicean  Venus,  and 
equally  elegant  and  fascinating.  Could  the  arms  in  imy  other  position  form  such  soft 
and  flowing  lines,  and  be  so  beautifully  balanced  ?  We  think  not :  and  that  tJke  ans 
attitude  of  sovereign  beauty  ^  bidding  defiance  to  all  rivalry ^  has  in  that  «fa/se  haem 
selected.  We  mention  this,  apart  from  its  consummate  beauty  in  other  respects.  We 
remember  standing  by  this  figure  when  Lord  M —  asked  Sir  George  Beaumont  why  a 
copy  from  it  could  not  equal  it.  Sir  George  answered,  "  it  could  not  be  oanied.** 
The  late  Mr.  Coleridge  somewhere  says,  **  that  the  only  modem  statue  is  the  MloaeB 
of  M.  Angelo."  We  should  agree  with  him,  but  that  we  recollect  the  noble  air,  the 
melancholy  grandeur,  of  the  Lorenzo  d*Urbino  in  the  Medicean  chapel,  bj  the  same 
great  master.  As  we  are  on  the  subject  of  sculpture  we  may  observe,  that  there  ap- 
pears to  us  to  be  a  great  defect  in  the  well-known  statue  of  Newton,  by  RonbiliBC,  at 
Cambridge.  As  the  statue  now  stands,  if  the  spectator  passes  in  front  and  then  tana 
towards  the  hinder  part  on  the  left  side  of  the  figure,  it  appears  hump-badced,  and  tte 
head  almost  hidden  behind  the  shoulders.  It  has  indeed  the  appearance  of  great  d^ 
formity.  The  best  view  of  this  statue  is  the  side  one  as  yom  enter ;  but  a  Itatae  ttil 
affords  only  a  one-sided  beauty  must  be  defective. 


1 840.]         Lord  Dudley's  Letters  to  the  Bishop  of  Llandaff.  34 1 

and  willing  to  do  honour  to  bis  memory.  In  what  other  hands  could  his 
letters,  his  literary  fame,  his  character,  be  placed  with  such  perfect  and 
assured  safety  ?  By  whose  pen  could  a  portrait  of  the  deceased  be  more 
tenderly,  more  correctly  drawn,  than  by  his  who,  in  his  own  peculiarly 
appropriate  and  elegant  language^  could  describe  the  virtues  and  talents 
which  he  had  assisted  to  unfold,  which  he  had  watched  with  interest,  and 
which  his  long  intimacy  had  enabled  him  at  once  to  appreciate  and  ad- 
mire. We  should  be  inclined,  could  we  presume  to  address  the  editor,  to 
borrow  the  language  which  one  eminent  scholar  used  towards  another,  on 
the  publication  of  the  correspondence  of  one  still  greater  than  themselves  : 
"  Ego  quidcm  persuasissimum  habeo,  sanctissimos  maximi  \'iri  manes,  si  quis 
manium  sensus  est,  sibi  maximopere  gratulari,  hanc  provinciam  tibipreecipue 
mandatam  esse,  in  quo  quasi  imaginem  hie  superstitem  contemplaretur.  "  * 
VV^e  must  now  make  an  extract  from  the  Bishop's  preface,  relating  to  the 
design  of  the  publication,  and  the  manner  in  which  he  has  conducted  it. 


"It  was  not  my  intention  to  write  a 
full  biographical  memoir  of  Lord  Dudley, 
nor  to  enter  into  a  very  minute  delineation 
of  his  character.  A  just  idea,  indeed,  of 
that  character  may  better  be  collected 
from  his  letters  than  from  any  portrait 
which  my  own  pen  could  draw.  If  another 
volume  of  these  letters  should  be  permitted 
to  appear,  there  will  be  an  opportunity 
of  completing  this  sketch,  and  of  giving  a 
general  view  of  the  principal  incidents  and 
the  courte  of  hii  life.  The  first  letter  is  dated 
Dec.  i7,  1799;  the  last  Feb.  11,  1831. 
That  they  are  all  equally  worthy  of  pub- 
lication cannot  be  supposed  or  pretended  ; 
but  1  assert  with  coniidence  that  they  all 
bear  marks  of  the  same  intellectual  and 
manly  character,  strong  sense,  acute  yet 
candid  observation  on  men  and  manners, 
and  political  aflfairs,  original  and  deep  re- 
flection, combined  with  a  lively  imagina- 
tion, and  a  knowledge  of  books  and  of  the 
world  rarely  found  united  in  the  same 
individual.  They  afford  also  the  same 
evidence  of  a  sincere,  virtuous,  and  ho- 
nourable mind,  intent  upon  being  useful, 
and  upon  performing  his  duty  well  in 
public  and  private  life, — exhibiting  in  the 
Ncason  of  youth,  as  well  as  in  more  ad- 
vanced age,  that  most  engaging  of  nil 
compounds,  a  playful  fancy  joined  with  a 
vigorous  understanding  and  a  serious 
heart.  Intellectual  energy,  and  contempt 
for  an  idle  and  indulgent  life,  are  also 
prominent  features  in  his  correspondence, 
from  its  very  commencement ;  and  this, 
together  with  his  extensive  reading  and  his 
exquisite  taste  in  literature,  makes  one 
lament  that  he  has  left  behind  him  no 


other  productions  of  his  pen  (although  he 
certainly  wrote  a  great  deal)  besides  letters 
to  his  friends,  and  a  few  papers  in  the 
Quarterly  Review.  Some  of  these  arc  by 
name  acknowledged  in  the  following  col- 
lection ;  of  others  the  authorship,  though 
generally  attributed  to  him,  must  still  re- 
main matter  of  conjecture. 

"  It  would,  however,  be  almost  in- 
justice to  his  memory  not  to  state,  as  the 
result  of  my  own  unvarying  experience, 
that  a  deep  and  awful  sense  of  religion 
formed  one  ingredient  of  his  character : 
together  with  a  hatred  of  profaneness  in 
those  who  profess  outwardly  a  belief  in 
Christianity.  He  was  distinguished  also 
by  constancy  in  friendship,  gratitude  for 
acts  of  kindness,  and  for  benefits  of  any 
sort,  warm  affection  and  esteem  for  real 
friends,  considerate  and  kind  behaviour 
towards  dependants  and  inferiors,  and  a 
never-failing  sense  of  filial  duty  and  res- 
pect. His  main  infirmity,  which  in- 
creased with  years  and  with  the  accessioa 
of  large  property,  consisted  in  a  sensitive 
apprehension  of  being  duped  or  over- 
reached in  ordinary  transactions  ;  and  this 
vigilant  and  over-nice  jealousy  was  often 
construed  into  a  closeness  and  parsimony 
unbecoming  his  great  fortune.  His  ex- 
penditure was  indeed  carefully,  but  not 
sparingly  regulated ;  and  the  duty  of 
alms-giving,  and  of  contributing  to  chari- 
table and  religious  objects,  was  never 
forgotten.  As  an  example,  I  may  refer 
to  one  donation  of  £'200  bestowed  unhesi- 
tatingly at  my  recommendation,  to  a  single 
family  in  distress.'' 


In  a  subsequent  part  of  the  volume  (p.  323)  the  Bishop  thus  writes  on 
the  occasion  of  a  great  depression  of  spirits  under  which  Ix)rd  Dudley 
suffered  for  some  time,  and  which  resulted  probably  from  bodily  disease : 


*  See  the  dedication  by  Grferios,  of  the  Epiitle*  of  If.  CMaubon,  to  T.  Reincsiutf, 
I6oC,  4to. 


Lord  Dadley's  Letters  to  the  Bishop  f^Llmkg.         [Afril, 

were  sometimes  disguised,  Imt  wUch  mS^ 
formed  the  basisof  Ma  chmrader,  warn  ■hoM 
more  brightly  from  the  cesmtiim  of  fhote 
sparkling  lights  whidi  attneted  thieatei- 
ration  of  the  world,  and  oAen  dtfriad  Iha 
eyes  of  those  who  moat  Uvod  in  Ua  aatiUi. 
Another  consideration  alao  had  ita  wu^at 
with  me.  If  my  fiiend'a  repatatkm  dwdd 
be  not  only  nniigared,  bat  einea  lifilghtwaJ 
by  the  disclosore,  I  ooold  not  Imt  tldnkit 
a  pnblic  serrice  to  record  an  ■»«— t**  of 
such  sufferings,  happily  of  no  long  d«n» 
tion,  and  succeeded  by  years  of  raoofwed 
health  and  happiness  ;  ainoe  it  moat  Cead 
to  administer  solace  and  aupport  to  odm 
when  visited  with  similar  «ffltntiim.  It 
may  calm  the  agitation  of  many  awoodad 
mind,  and  may  reconcile  thom  to  thaa- 
selves,  and  counteract  the  influence  of  de- 
spondency, to  know  that  their  cmo  ia  act 
singular,-— that  it  is  one  of  die  ilk  wlikk 
flesh  is  heir  to  ;  and  th^  will  auily  W 
encouraged  to  hope  that  the  clond  wfakh 
hangs  over  them  may  aoon  paaa  away,  « 
it  did  from  one  who>  with  an  nnderataad- 
ing  naturally  strong  and  Tigorona,  Celt  as 
they  feel,  and  yet  within  a  few  weeks  re- 
gained his  ordinary  tone  of  spiritay  and  tin 
enjoyment  of  life  with  all  its  blessings.** 


342 

**  From  this  time  till  the  beginning  of 
August  the  correspondence  assumes  a  new 
and  a  very  distressing  character,  insomuch 
that  it  has  been  a  matter  of  some  delibera- 
tion, whether  it  ought  to  be  laid  before 
the  public  or  not ;  but  my  judgment  was, 
after  much  hesitation,  at  length  fully  decided 
for  it.  Imperfections  of  character  indeed, 
moral  faults  and  aberrations,  infirmities  of 
temper,  or  the  grosser  errors  of  opinion, 
ought  never  to  be  exposed,  except  for  the 
benefit  of  mankind ;  and  then  the  task  be- 
longs not  to  a  personal  friend,  much  less 
if  the  evidence  of  such  infirmities  came 
into  his  possession  through  the  confidence 
of  friendship,  and  in  full  reliance  upon  his 
fidelity.  But  in  the  instance  before  us, 
no  one  of  these  objections  applies.  The 
altered  tone  is  purely  the  result  of  physi- 
cal disease.  There  is  alternate  depression 
and  agitation  of  spirits,  and  morbid  anxiety 
and  deep  distress  ;  but  there  is  no  aberra- 
tion of  uiind,  no  fatuity,  no  delusion,  much 
less  any  obliquity  of  moral  sentiment. 
The  powerful  intellect,  the  acute  percep- 
tion, are  ever  apparent  through  the  gloom, 
while  the  estimable  moral  qualities  and 
religious  principles,  which,  in  the  gaiety 
of  social  intercourse,  or  the  bustle  of  life, 


We  must  extract,  from  the  letters,  the  few  lines  that  relate  to  Sir 
Walter  Scott^  if  only  from  the  natural  curiosity  and  pleasure  which 
feel  in  hearing  one  celebrated  man's  opinion  of  another. 


**  I  see  there  is  as  usual  a  great  arrear 
of  reading  to  be  fetched  up.  The  two  last 
novels,  Rob  Roy  and  the  Heart  of  Mid 
Lothian,  I  keep  for  my  post  chaise  ;  as  long 
as  they  are  unread  1  consider  myself  as 
possessed  of  a  little  fund  of  pleasure,  upon 
which  I  can  draw  whenever  1  ])lease.  What 
a  happy  genius  that  of  Walter  Scott  I 
"When  a  man  can  do  great  things  only  at 
the  price  of  severe  incessant  lal)our,  I  don't 
know  that  he  is  much  to  be  envied.  It  is 
almost  sure  to  spoil  his  stomach  and  his 
temper,  and  to  make  him  pass  many  dismal 
hours.  The  (^ase  is  still  worse  where  great 
talents  arc  combined  with  a  frantic  mis- 
anthropy, like  that  of  Rousseau  and  Byron. 
But  it  is  hardly  possible  to  conceive  a 
more  fortunate  mortal  than  him  that  is 
possessed  of  such  powers,  along  with  such 

Again, 

*'  I  saw  licbcr  one  of  the  days  I  was  in 
town.  He  told  me  that  you  prefer 
Ivanhoe  to  any  of  its  predecessors.  1 
don't  recollect  to  have  heard  that  from 
yourself.  It  is  (janninij's  opinion  too,  but 
J  cannot  subscribe  to  it.  Waverlev,  the 
Antiquary,  and  Old  Mortality,  all  ap])car 
to  me  more  diverting,  more  affecting, 
happier  effects  of  the  same  genius.    But 


felicity  in  the  exerdae  of  them,  and  who 
unites  the  finest  genius  to  a  ^.bwiftJL 
social  disposition,  and  a&  imdiiBlal^bed 
relish  for  the  pursuits  and  amnaemeats  of 
ordinary  life.  He  is  a  great  poet  gfaiM 
upon  the  excellent  stock  of  a  good  -i 
lively,  active,  reasonable, 
man.  As  to  Byron,  his  first  froita 
of  the  parent  crab,  or  rather  tbe 
upas  of  his  pride  and  malevolence.  Yoi 
know  how  late  Scott's  talenta  were  fa 
<lcveloping  themselves.  He  waa  ei^^it- 
and-twenty  years  old.  I  happened  to  be 
in  Scotland  when  he  stombkil  upoB  this 
great  genius — just  as  a  man  finds  a 


sure  in  his  garden,  or  a  g(rfd  nine  noa 
his  estate.  He  has  lived  upon  it  JMtty 
ever  since,  and  scattered  his  oeodand  over 
the  worid,"  «tc.  p.  908. 


still  it  is  the  same  genius,  and  if  I 

seen  the  others  I  i£oald  tbink 

master-piece.  As  it  is  I  am  dd%Med 
with  it,  though  I  cannot  forget  tbat  Ihe 
others  gave  me  still  more  pleaanre.  After 
all,  will  ilicy  last,  like  Don  Qtnixole  or  Gil 
HIas  ?  or  will  a  new  generation  nrin  to 
which  (he  reading  of  tbem  will 
melancholy  duty,  at  tbat  of 


1 840.]        Xorrf  Dudley's  Letter$  to  tki  Bkhop  of  Lhndaff.  343 

aadCUrif»t*doeitott»?    Luckily  I  have  more  writers  of  equal  charm  and  equal 

two  thirds  of  the  last  volume  to  read,  and  fertility,  and  I  could  give  up  society  alto- 

that  will  be  enough  to  make  this  a  pleasant  gether,'*  &c.  p.  248. 
evening.     Si  duo  preterea  tales,  &c.  two 

Respecting  Lord  Byron,  he  says — 

*'  1  suppose  you  had  not  seen  the 
*  Corsair  *  when  you  wrote,  or  you  would 
hardly  have  refrained  from  mentioning  it ; 
to  me  it  appears  the  best  of  all  his  works. 
Rapidity  of  execution  is  no  sort  of  apology 
for  doing  a  thing  ill,  but  when  it  is  done 
well  the  wonder  is  so  much  the  greater ;  I 
am  told  he  wrote  this  poem  at  ten  sit- 
tings—certainly it  did  not  take  him  more 
than  three  weeks.     He  is  a  most  extra- 

Again, 

♦'  I^rd  Byron  has  written  another  poem 
which  I  have  seen.  It  is  very  beautiful, 
but  I  doubt  whether  you  would  be  inclined 
to  show  any  mercy  to  its  great  and  palpa- 
ble defect — the  repetition  of  the  same 
«»haracter.  Lara  is  just  the  sort  of  gloomy, 
haughty,  and  mysterious  villain  as  Childe 

We  must  now  quit  the  company  of  these  illustrious  men^  and  observe 
the  effect  which  was  produced  on  Lord  Dudley ^s  mind,  and  the  objects 
which  most  delighted  him,  when  he,  for  the  first  time,  entered  the 

•^*  Magnc  moenia  Rome, 


ordinary  person,  and  yet  there  is  G.  Ellis 
who  does  not  feel  his  merit.  Hit  creed 
in  modem  poetry  (I  should  have  said  eon^ 
temporary)  is  Walter  Scott— all  Walter 
Seott — and  nothing  but  Walter  Scott.  I 
cannot  say  how  I  hate  this  petty  fictions 
spirit  in  literature ;  it  is  so  unworthy  of  a 
man  so  clever  and  so  accomplished  as  Elllis 
undoubtedly  is."  p.  I?. 


Harold,  the  Giaour,  the  Corsair,  and  all 
the  rest.  This  is  a  strange  mixture  of 
fertility  and  barrenness.  One  would 
think  it  was  easier  to  invent  a  new  cha- 
racter than  to  describe  the  old  one  over 
and  over  again, "f  Ace.  p.  .53. 


Ci^us  divinas  orbisadorat  opes.'* 

for  there,  and  there  alone,  are  the  master-pieces  of  ancient  and  modern  art 
so  assembled  as  to  put  a  traveller's  knowledge  and  taste  to  a  severe  trial, 
and  iu  most  cases  i)erhaps,  certainly  in  our  own,  to  cross  the  line  of  enjoy- 
ment, with  the  regret  that  they  had  not,  by  previous  study,  rendered  them- 
selves more  capable  of  building  their  admiration  on  a  deeper  acquaintance 
with  their  principles  and  ends.  If  a  person's  knowledge  of  the  hne  arts  is 
confined  alooe  to  those  specimens  which  he  has  access  to  in  England,  many 
of  his  impressions  on  important  points  must  be  erroneous  ;  a  journey  to  Italy 
would  be  highly  valuable,  were  it  only  to  correct  and  remove  these.  As 
regards  exclusively  the  mouldering  relics  of  antiquity,  which  are  scattered 
like  the  dim,  discoloured  bones  of  a  giant  amid  the  florid  beauty  and  youth* 
ful  luxuriance  of  modem  Rome,  our  sensations  of  curiosity  and  delight  ap* 
|>car  to  arise  not  from  the  superior  excellence  of  the  works  alone,  or  their 
long  and  venerable  age  ;  but  we  feel,  as  we   admire,  that  they  were 


*  S4*«  a  very  just  criticism  on  Clarissa  and  Grandison  in  Memoirs  of  Sir  J.  Mackin- 
tosh, vol.  ii.  p.  21)7.  The  character  of  Lovelace  is  totally  out  of  nature.  There  never 
was  nor  ever  will  be,  such  a  person  as  I^ovelace.  Sir  C.  Grandison,  with  all  his  excel- 
lence, is  like  '*  Sir  Robest,  rather  dull."  We  assert,  upon  the  most  deliberate  convic- 
tion, that  '*  Clarissa*'  is  the  most  dangerous  and  inflammatory  work  of  Action,  pre- 
tending to  be  moral,  that  has  been  published  in  our  language  to  our  knowlei)^';t*.  It 
IN  monstrous  that  ladies  could  ever  have  read  it  and  written  of  it,  as  they  did. 

t  But  it  must  be  recollected  that  it  was  Lord  Byron's  great  object  to  show  In  his 
favourite  portraits  the  union  of  high  intellect,  with  daring  purpose  and  feelings  of  fine 
sensibility,  the  real  grossneas  of  which  was  not  concealed  by  a  flowery  veil  of  aeati- 
mentality.  Such  are  the  elements  of  his  favourite  heroes,  and  such  the  union  of  f4-. 
ctUenct  which  he  wished  the  world  to  believe— to  admire— poiups  to  imitate. 


344  Lord  Dudley*s  Letters  to  the  Bishop  of  Lhmitif^  [^nl# 

the  creations  of  a  people  separated  from  us  not  only  by  the  interfal 
of  years,  but  as  living  under  a  dispensation^  a  moral  economy,  a  law 
of  conscience  and  reason  distinct  from  ours.  A  people  whose  destinies 
were  all  unlike  our  ovi'n — between  whom  and  us  a  gulf  has  been  dnfm  \ 
with  whom  our  relations  have  become  so  remote  that  the  objectsthey 
pursued,  however  beautiful  and  refined^  must  appear  to  us  dispropor- 
tionate to  all  just  desires,  visionary,  unsubstantial  3  their  noblest  virtoes 
built  on  incorrect  views  and  erroneous  motives  3  so  that  the  models  on 
which  they  formed  themselves,  being  alien  from  the  truth,  have  long  since 
'*  crumbled  to  the  dust  or  been  scattered  to  the  winds."  Thdr  high 
genius,  their  great  achievements,  their  calamitous  fate  inspire  something 
of  a  melancholy  and  mysterious  awe.  They  fell  beneath  the  authority  c^ 
a  moral  legislation  which  they  could  neither  comprehend  nor  receive.  The 
deities  of  Olympus,  and  their  august  abodes^  have  all  vanished  into  empty 
air :  but  the  Genius  of  Rome  may  still  be  seen  with  solitary  and  dgected 
countenance  weeping  over  the  ruins  of  the  Capitol  he  loved. 


"In  the  first  place  I  am  bold  enough  to 
think,  and  rash  enough  to  say,  with  defer- 
ence, however,  to  better  judgments,  that  the 
merit  of  the  aHcien/  buildings  here,  hasbeen 
a  good  deal  exaggerated.  No  doubt  they 
deserve  a  great  deal  of  praise  and  admira- 
tion, but  they  have  received  a  double  share 
of  both  from  fancy,  affectation,  and  that 
bhnd  attachment  to  classical  antiquity 
which  swuycd  the  minds  of  artists  and 
scholars  for  some  centuries  after  the  revi- 
val of  learning.  There  arc  two  ways  of 
considering  these  objects, — as  what  they 
are,  or  as  what  they  have  been.  Now 
there  are  not  above  four  or  five  of  the 
ancient  monuments  that  are  still  perfect 
enough  to  give  much  pleasure,  except  to 
a  very  enthusiastic  eye.  First,  and  nmch 
before  anything  else,  comes  the  Pantheon — 
complete,  beautiful,  and  of  the  purest  age. 
1  really  think  it  deserves  all  that  has  been 
said  in  its  praise,  though  one's  pleasure 
in  seeing  it  is  in  part  to  be  attributed  to 
the  satisfaction  and  surprise  one  feels  at 
the  singular  good  fortune  which  has  pre- 
served it  entire  amidst  the  wreck  of  almost 
everything  else.  Besides,  one  is  a  good 
deal  awed  by  Agrippa  and  the  Augustan 
age.  Still  I  will  fairly  own  if  it  stood  at 
Turnham-green,  and  had  been  finished 
yesterday  by  a  man  from  Birmingham,  it 
would  stillstrikeone  as  a  noble  and  beauti- 
ful work.  Itssize,  however,  which  in  archi- 
tecture is  a  very  material  point,  is  (as  I 
need  not  tell  you)  not  by  any  means  re- 
markable. It  is  surpassed  by  all  the  great 
modem  churches.  Then  comes  the  Coli- 
seum, which,  though  sadly  mined,  it  is 
impobaible  to  look  at  without  being  very 
much   struck   with   its   enormous    mass. 


Then  the  Triumphal  Arches,  Tnjui*! 
Pillar,  and  the  little  Temple  of  Vesta. 
This  is  pretty  nearly  all  that  actoaUj 
pleases  the  eye.  The  obelisks,  iiideed» 
are  numerous  and  perfect,  but  thi^  are 
curious  rather  than  beautiftd.  What  else 
remains  of  antiquity  consists  of  ansiglitly 
ruins.*  There  are,  perhaps,  some  few 
exceptions  I  ought  to  have  made,  but  not 
many.  You  may  find  a  great  many  pretty 
bits  and  scraps,  but  nothing  else  suffici- 
ently entire  to  be  admired  as  a  whole.  I 
am  sensible,  however,  that  the  present 
beauty  and  perfectness  of  these  monaments 
is  not  the  most  interesting  subject  of  con* 
sideration.  They  are  to  be  looked  at 
chiefly  as  traces  in  which,  by  the  help  of 
history,  we  may  discover  the  state  of 
ancient  art,  wealth,  and  power.  And  cer- 
tainly in  every  part  of  Rome  there  are 
abundant  proofs  of  its  having  been  once 
the  capital  of  a  great,  rich,  enl^htened, 
and  victorious  people.  Yet  I  own  »!*•  t 
when  I  recollect  how  long  and  how  com- 
pletely the  Romans  were  moters  of  the 
world,  how  severely  they  governed  it, 
how  unmercifully  they  plundered  it,  and 
how  much  of  their  greatness  and  aathoiitv 
was  concentrated  in  this  sinj^  city  ;  I 
am  not  at  all  surprised  at  the  extent  or 
splendour  of  their  public  works.  All  that 
they  did  when  compared  with  the  vastness 
of  their  empire,  is  very  much  inferior  in* 
deed  to  what  was  accomplished  bj  the 
little  republics  both  of  Greece  and  its  co- 
louies.  Indeed,  there  is  no  point  on 
which  travellers  seem  now  to  be  more 
agreed,  than  on  the  preference  that  is  dne 
to  the  remaining  monuments  of 
architecture.       Those   that     have 


*  The  '*  Aqueducts  "  should  not  have  been  overlooked  ;  entering  Rome  from  the 
Naples  Road  their  broken  arches  appear  stretching  in  long  Unes  across  the  plain  with 
great  efifect ;  to  our  eye  the  most  picturesque  of  all  the  remains  tABomm  AtUietip  m  ^ 

*'  Acrium  per  iter  suspensis  fluctibiu  amnes.'' 


1 


1840.]         Lord  Dudley's  Letters  to  the  Bishop  o/Landaff. 


345 


Greece  first — and  there  are  several  of  that 
description  here  now — speak  of  the  Ro- 
man baildings  much  less  respectfully  than 
I  have  ventured  to  do.  Something  must 
be  ascribed  to  the  strength  of  the  first  im- 
pressions, and  to  the  vanity  which  in- 
duces people  almost  always  to  overrate 
what  they  have  seen,  particularly  if  it  is  at 
all  difficult  of  access  ;  but  still  their  opi- 
nion is  so  decisive  and  so  universal,  that 
1  am  persuaded  it  is  founded  in  truth. 
*  •  •  *  There  are,  I  apprehend,  but 
few  specimens  of  completely  pure  archi- 
tecture    among    the    Roman    churches. 


Many  of  them  are  particularly  u^y»  St. 
Paul's  without  theM'^alls  forcertaiu,  which 
outside  looks  like  a  huge  bam.  In 
others,  even  of  those  that  have  just  pre- 
tensions to  beauty,  the  defects  are  still  ob- 
vious enough  to  strike  the  eye  at  once  of 
an  unskilful  beholder.  However,  they  are 
all  worth  seeing,  at  least  once,  either  for 
what  they  are,  or  for  what  they  con- 
tain ;  and  on  the  whole  they  give  one 
a  very  high  notion  of  the  riches,  taate,  and 
liberality  of  papal  Rome — even  exduiively 
of  St.  Peter's,  which  forms  a  class  of  it- 
self." 


The  impressions  from  a  first  view  of  the  magnificent  temple  of  apostacy^ 
that  have  been  formed  by  different  persons^  we  have  found  to  be  singularly 
unlike.  Our  own  was  that  of  majesty  and  beaaty,  united  with  wonderful 
effect,  not  equalling  the  Gothic  cathedral  perhaps  in  the  former,  but  in 
the  latter  quality  far  surpassing  it :  and  on  the  whole^  when  strong  and 
sudden  feelings  have  subsided,  more  fitted  to  produce  and  sustain  a  perma- 
nently pleasing  impression.  Wt  remember  Lord  Dudley  saying  to  us  as 
we  entered  together  one  of  the  Florentine  churches  during  the  perform- 
ance of  the  service — "  If  I  could  but  believe  that  all  this  is  true,  how 
beautiful  would  it  be  ;  *' — but  our  business  is  to  give  his  opinion  of  St. 
Peter's. 


"  I  suppose  (he  writes),  I  should  general- 
ly ««peakin^  be  reckoned  among  those  that 
are  inclined  to  undervalue  Rome  both  an- 
cient and  modern.  But,  whatever  praise 
I  have  subtracted  from  other  objects,  I 
am  disposed  to  keep  upon  this  one.  My 
expectations  were  of  course  great,  but 
tliry  have  been  more  than  fulfilled.  In- 
deed, 1  had  no  notion  that  such  an  effect 
could  be  produced  by  a  mere  building. 
Tlierc  is  no  getting  accustomed  to  its 
^(randcur  and  beauty.  I  see  it  every  day, 
but  my  veneration  and  delight  are  as 
great  aji  ever.  The  Duomo  of  Milan  has 
not  even  prepared  you  for  it.  You  have, 
I  dare  say,  often  seen  and  heard  the  com- 
mon remark,  that,  owing  to  the  accuracy 
of  its  profiertions,  people  are  not  aware  of 
its  prodigious  size,  when  they  first  enter  it. 
This  observation,  however,  has  not  been 
confirmed  by  my  own  experience.  Its  size 
is  what  struck  me  most  at  the  first  roo« 
ment,  and  before  I  had  time  to  attend  to 


the  symmetry  of  its  from,  and  the  ridmeai 
and  exquisite  workmanship  of -its  orna- 
ments. It  has  too,  another  quality  which 
one  should  not  perhaps  have  expected  to 
find,  united  to  so  much  grandeur  and 
magnificence — that  of  being  remarkably 
cheerful.  But  it  is  a  decent,  tempered 
cheerfulness,  which  is  perhaps  quite  as 
well  suited  to  its  destination,  as  the  awftii 
gloom  of  the  Gothic  churches.  I  say  this, 
though  I  am  extremely  fond  of  Gothie 
architecture.  Indeed,  if  I  could  imagine 
anything  finer  than  St.  Peter's,  it  would 
be  a  Gothic  church  of  the  same  enormous 
dimensions,  in  as  pure  a  taste,  and  ai 
finely  executed  as  the  cathedral  at  York. 
You  have  seen  a  great  many  fine  palaces 
at  Genoa.  They  can  hardly  be  upon  a 
grander  scale  than  those  at  Rome,  which 
are  by  much  the  most  magnificent  habita- 
tions I  ever  saw  for  private  persons*  in 
point  both  of  size  and  of  exterior  deco- 
ration.'' 


The  '*  iininondixia"  of  Rome  seems  to  have  affected  Lord  Dudley  much 
uiore  than  it  did  us  )  though,  perhaps,  there  was  some  real  differeoce  at 
to  the  state  of  the  city  between  Januar)',  when  he  dates  his  letter,  and 
when  we  were  enjoying  its  blue  skies  and  golden  prospects  in  that 
charming  season  **  'twixt  Midsummer  and  May." 


"  Now  comes  the  drawback  upon  the 
splendid  and  interesting  objects  in  Rome, 
and  which  I  own  diminishes  their  effect, 

(Jent.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII. 


May 

in  my  eyes  at  least,  to  a  wonderfbl  dagree. 
It  is  the  extreme  filth  and  shabbineif  of 
the  wretched  town  that  lurnmndi  them. 

2Y 


a46 


Lord  Dudley's  Letiers  to  the  Biihop  rf  LanUf.       [Apri* 

atop  iptiM 


Regular  streets  of  lofty  well-biiilt  houses 
are  not  at  all  necessary  in  order 
to  set  off  fine  public  buildings.  Oxford 
is  a  sufficient  proof  of  that,  where  there 
is  hardly  a  single  handsome  private 
house,  and  yet  where  every  thing  appears 
to  the  best  advantage.  But  cleanliness, 
neatness,  space,  and  a  tolerable  state  of 
repair,  are  quite  indispensable.  In  Rome 
you  search  in  vain  for  any  one  of  these 
advantages.  There  is  not  a  single  wide 
street,  and  but  one  handsome  square 
(Pia2za  di  Navona.)  Poverty  and  dirt 
pursue  you  to  the  gates  of  every  monu> 
ment,  ancient  or  modem,  public  or  pri- 
vate. You- never  saw  any  place  so  nasty 
nor  so  beggarly — nor  I,  except  one.  Lis- 
bon is  a  little  worse  than  Rome,  and  only 
a  little,  and  it  is  a  disgrace  to  civilized 
man.  The  description  of  dirt  is  no  very 
pleasant  thing,  and  therefore  for  your  sake 
and  my  own,  I  will  not  make  one.  But 
if  you  ever  come  to  Rome  you  must 
prepare  yourself  for  having  your  senses 
outrageously  offended  wherever  you  go. 
The  dignity  of  a  palace — the  sanctity  of 
a  church — the  veneration  that  is  due  to 
the  remains  of  ancient  greatness — nothing 
commands  the  smallest  attention  to  de- 
cency or  cleanliness.  One  of  our  earliest 
and  most  natural  associations  is  that  of 
purity  with  a  fountain.  Rome  has  de- 
stroyed that  in  my  mind  for  ever.  It  con- 
tains an  incredible  number  of  beautiful 
fountains,  most  abundantly  supplied  with 
water,  but  they  are  all  so  surrounded  by 
every  object  that  is  calculated  to  excite 
disgust,  as  to  be  absolutely  unapproachable. 
So  much  dirt  implies  negligence  and  sloth. 
Accordingly  every  thing  is  kept  in  a  care- 
Iras,  slovenly  way.  Not  a  trace  of  that 
neatness  and  attention  to  details,  which 
gives  so  much  additional  beauty  to  the 
splendid  scene  you  have  beheld  from  the 
Place  de  Louis  XV.,  and  which  in  Eng- 
land is  quite  universal.  In  every  thing 
here,  and  in  every  body,  you  see  symp- 
toms of  that  sort  of  foolish  laziness,  of 
which  ameng  us  none  but  children  and 
very  bad  servants  are  guilty :  you  meet 
with  it  on  aU  occasions,  great  and  small. 
When  they  repair  a  church,  the  rubbish 
remains  to  spoil  the  roof,  and  encumber 
the  steps.   When  they  cut  a  garden  hedge, 


therleaT*  the  elippuifi  to 
vralka.     The  effect  of  this 


the  buildings,  is  quite 
thing  looks  iu  best,  and  nwk  tkngt  look 
their  worst,  except  St.  Peter's,  Ibr,  to  do 
them  justice,  they  have  the  nooe  to  keep 
that  in  good  order.  AU  the  rest,  looks 
as  if  it  had  been  thrown  into  Choaoerj 
for  the  last  twenty  years.  I  tMllovo  tbs 
substantial  repairs,  (at  our  boildors  S|Msk), 
are  in  general  pretty  well  sttraded  to,  M 
in  spite  of  that,  they  contiBue  to  ptosirfs 
all  the  effect  of  incipient  rain.  nosDO  is 
like  a  beautiful  woman  lUp-skodt  is  a 
dirty  gown,  with  her  hair  en  papiUoU,  It 
requires  great  enthusiasm,  or  greet  power 
of  abstraction  to  prevent  disgust  ftom 
being  the  prevalent  feeUng,  eten 
one  is  looking  at  some  of  tiha  most 
derable  oligects.  It  has  been  okserredtkst 
the  Spaniards /auA  nothing— the  Italins 
take  care  qf  nothing.  Thej  havo  suffond 
more  fine  things  to  go  to  niln  in  Rons 
from  mere  negloct,  than  ahnoat  any  othsr 
capital  ever  possessed.  Some  of  the 
finestworks  of  Raphael,*  TVmi^»i<«%in^  ^^ 
Guido,  have  been  destrojed  for  mat  of  tks 
most  trifling  expense  or  trouble.  One  half 
of  Rome  is  to  me  invisible.  With  ro«poct 
to  the  fine  arts,  I  am  in  a  state  of  total,  ir- 


recoverable blindnesa.  I  haTO 
myself  to  be  carried  round  to  all  tho  fins 
pictures  and  statues,  and  plaoed  in  ths 
full  blaze  of  their  beauty ;  but  searoa  a 
ray  has  pierced  the  film  that  oo¥on  my 
eyes.  Statues  give  me  no  pleasnro,  ]do* 
tures  very  little  ;t  and  when  1  am  plnascd. 
it  is  uniformly  in  the  wrong  plaoe,  which 
is  enough  to  discourage  me  ftmn  being 
pleased  at  all.  In  fact,  I  beUero  that  if 
people  in  general  were  as  honest  as  I  amt 
it  would  be  found  that  the  worica  ot  tha 
great  masters  are  in  reality  mnch  Ism 
admired  than  they  are  now  snmioaad  to 
be ;  not  that  I  am  at  all  soepdcal  abont 
their  merit,  but  I  believe  that  merit  to  bt 
of  a  sort  which  it  requirm  stody,  habits 
and  perhaps  even  some  praotical  know* 
ledge  of  the  principles  of  the  fine  arta  to 
perceive  and  relish.  You  romamber  that 
Sir  Joshua  tells  us  that  he  was  at  first  in« 
capable  of  tasting  all  the  eoccellenfla  of 
Raphael  and  Michel  Angelo.  And  if  hO| 
already  no  mean  artist,  was  still  oniniti- 


*  ''Look  homeward  now  !  "  When  we  reproach  the  Italians  for  saffering  the 
of  Raphael  to  perish,  let  us  not  be  unmindful  that,  we  are  falling  into  the 
See  what  was  said  before  the  Committee  on  the  Fine  Arts,  in  evidence  of  the  piesont 
state  of  "  the  Raising  of  Lazarus"  in  our  gallery  ;  and  see  also  what  Dr.  Waagen  says  on 
the  same  subject,  in  his  *'  Arts  and  Artists  in  England.'' — ^Vol.  i.  191.  What  as* 
swers  Mr.  Seguier  ? 

t  Lord  Dudley  did  not  always  speak  so  unreservedly  and  nneonditionally  of  Us 
want  of  taste  for  the  fine  arts  ;  but  he  used  to  say,  that  his  residenee  in  Italy,     * 
pictures  of  all  kinds  abound,  made  him  care  for  none  but  the  masterpieees  of  i 


1840.]         Lord  Dudley's  Letters  to  the  Bishop  o/Ltmiaff. 


34*7 


ated  in  the  higher  mysteries  of  his  art, 
and  obliged  at  first  to  take  upon  trast 
much  of  that  which  was  afterwards  made 
clear  to  him  by  farther  study  and  labour, 
what  shall  we  say  about  the  sincerity  of 
those  who,  knowing  so  much  less,  pretend 
to  feel  so  much  more  ?*  for  my  part,  I 
think  of  them  as  much  as  I  should  think 
of  any  body  who,  being  just  able  to  pick 
out  the  meaning  of  a  Latin  sentence, 
should  affect  to  admire  the  language  and 
versification  of  the  Georgics.  So  much 
by  way  of  apology,  *  pro  me  ipso  ct  pro 
oinni  Mummiorum  domo/  I  learn  from 
others  that  the  riches  in  all  that  belongs 
to  the  fine  arts,  which  Rome  still  con- 
tains, are  quite  prodigious.  They  have 
been  a  good  deal  diminished  by  the 
robbery  of  tiie  French,  and  by  the  po- 
verty of  Prince  Giustiniani,  and  the 
baseness  of  Prince  Borghese,  who  both 
sold  their  collections.  But  what  re- 
mains is  sufficient  to  afford  an  inexhaus- 
tible subject  of  admiration  to  artists  and 
connoisseurs.  It  is  but  justice  to  the 
French  to  say,  that,  though  *  they  de- 
prived Rome  of  some  of  its  greatest  orna- 
ments, yet  in  other  respects  they  rendered 
it  great  service.'  My  good  fnend  Eustace 
^rote  under  the  influence  of  a  moat 
childish  prejudice,  when  he  represented 
them  as  enemies  of  the  fine  arts.  Napo- 
leon was  beginning  to  improve  Rome  with 

We  DOW  give  the  editor's  parting  words,  and  sincerely  do  we  hope  that 
all  obstacles  may  be  removed  which  serve  to  impede  a  farther  pablication, 
and  that  the  unfinished  portrait  may  be  completed  without  interruption, 
by  the  same  friendly  and  able  hand  which  has  commenced  it.t 


the  same  magnificence  and  good  taste  of 
which  he  has  left  such  monuments  at 
Paris.  By  his  order  immense  accumula- 
tions of  earth  and  rubbish  were  removed 
from  some  of  the  ancient  ruins,  an  ope- 
ration by  which  in  all  instances  the  ap- 
pearance of  them  was  much  improved, 
and  in  some  curious  discoveries  were 
made.  From  what  I  have  laid  (and  in- 
deed from  what  you  well  know  already,) 
you  must  be  aware,  that  iriiat  is  wanted 
here  is  not  any  new  buildings.  All  that  is 
necessary  is  to  take  care  of  those  that 
already  exist,  and  set  them  off  to  advan- 
tage, and  above  all,  to  cleanse  the  Au- 
gean )llth  of  this  imperial  city.  He  had 
already  directed  his  attention  to  all  these 
objects,  and  in  a  few  years  Rome  would 
have  assumed  quite  a  new  aspect,  and,  in 
my  opinion  at  least,  the  loss  of  all  that 
was  taken  away,  would  have  been  more 
than  compensated  by  the  improvement  of 
what  remains.  Consider  for  instance,  if 
you  happen  to  have  a  plan  of  Rome, 
what  an  effect  would  have  been  produced 
in  one  single  instance  by  throwing  down 
the  wretched  houses,  that  now  come  up  to 
the  colonnade  of  St.  Peter*s,  and  opening 
a  magnificent  street  to  the  Castle  of  Sc 
Angelo  and  the  Tiber.  But  the  whole 
spirit  of  improvement  is  gone,  and  the 
power, 


'•«tc. 


*  \\  o\ild  not  1/onl  Dudley's  argument  tend  to  prove  that  pictures  can  only  be  un- 
(l('r>t()«»(I  .iiid  truly  admired  by  painters  ?  a  picture  consists  of  the  colouring  and  the 
toinposition  ;  but  many  an  eye,  besides  that  of  the  artist,  is  gifted  with  the  power  of 
luuicrstandiug  the  harmony  of  colours ;  and  with  regard  to  the  cumposition*of  a  pwtve, 
it  surely  is  not  beyond  the  reach  of  good  taste  aikd  careful  judgment.  The  unprofes- 
sional ndmirrr  is  also  less  subject  to  be  biassed  than  the  painter  by  favourite  views  and 
systi-matie  principles.  George  the  IV.  for  instance  (we  know  from  the  best  authority,) 
had  n  really  good  taste  in  pictures  fo  a  cmiahi  fxtent ;  and  he  knew  the  point  where 
hi^  knowledge  stopped. 

i  We  cannot  withhold  the  satisfaction  of  extracting  the  Bishop's  very  able  and  in- 
teresting charni'ter  of  the  late  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  Dr.  CyrU  Jackson ;  6  iroXv* 
KXfiTtii  Kni  TroXvfiiiBrji :  whose  memory  will  be  preserved,  when  his  contemponuries 
and  \\\»  pupils  have  passed  away,  equally  by  the  Bishop's  pen,  and  by  the  chisel  of 
Chantrey  : — 

*' I  cannot  let  this  sentence  pass,  without  bearing  testimony  to  the  extraordinary 
merit  of  the  individual  here  alluded  to,  Dr.  Cyril  Jackson.  During  30  years  that 
he  presided  over  (Jhrist  Church,  he  uniformly  consulted  not  only  the  particular  inter- 
ests of  that  body,  but  the  general  good  of  the  university,  of  which  it  was  the  principal 
component  part.  His  talents  for  government,  his  knowledge  of  the  world,  his  inai^kt 
into  character,  his  native  en^gy,  his  thirst  for  knowledge,  his  universal  iaforma- 
tion.  his  clas!>ical  taste,  his  learning,  and  his  love  of  learning,  all  conspired  to  fit  him 
.idmirably  for  the  station  which  he  adorned.  Added  to  these  qualities,  Uiere  was  a 
generous  desire  to  encourage  and  reward  merit,  and  infuse  a  love  of  liberal  and 
Tionourable  puniuits  into  young  minds,  o?er  whom  his  personal  qualities  gave  him  a 
lomnianding  influence.  If  measured  by  that  which  is  perhaps  the  surest  test  of  intel- 
lectual ability,  aicendancy,  imperceptibly  acquired  orer  all  with  whom  a  man  has  to 


348 


Armour  and  Arms  of  the  City  of  Coventry. 


[Aprfl, 


'^  Having  now  arrived  at  a  period  in 
Lord  Dudley's  life  when  a  new  position 
in  society,  and  a  new  sphere  of  action 
were  opened  for  him,  through  the  death  of 
his  father,  which  happened  in  the  follow- 
ing April,  I  have  thought  it  hest  to  regard 
this  as  an  epoch,  and  to  close  the  volume 
with  this  letter.  Whether  any  more  let- 
ters will  he  published  is  a  question  not  to 
be  determined,  it  seems,  by  my  own  judg- 
ment ;  and  I  confess,  whatever  construc- 
tion may  be  put  on  the  avowal,  that  I 
cannot  submit  either  to  solicit  permission 
as  a  favour,  or  to  recognise  the  duty  of 
executors  in  such  a  case,  and  forbid  the 
publication  of  letters  addressed  to  myself, 
merely  because  they  have  the  legal  power 
of  doing  so,  as  possessing  a  share  in  the 
copyright.  As  far  as  tenderness  for  tlie 
reputation  of  the  testator,  whose  property 
they  administer,  may  influence  the  pro- 
ceedings, their  motives  must  be  respected ; 
but  I  may  perhaps  be  forgiven,  consider- 
ing the  relation  that  subsisted  between  me 
and  the  writer,  if  I  assert  a  moral  claim 
to  be  regarded,  not  only  as  a  safe  guar- 
dian of  that  reputation,  but  as  the  safest 
perhaps  that  could  be  found  among  his 
surviving  friends.  There  is  a  well-known 
passage  of  Cicero,  which  has  been  often 
quoted  in  reprobation  of  the  practice  of 
divulging  private  correspondence.  '  At 
etiam  literas  (he  exclaims  indignimtly 
against  Antony,)  quas  me  sibi  roisisse 
diceret,  recitavit,  homo  et  humanitatis  ex- 
pers,  et  vitse  communis  ignarus.  Quis 
enim  unquam,  qui    paululum  modo  bo- 


norum  consuetudinem  D^aset,  litarM  afl  i 
ab  amico  missas,  offenrione  aliqiia  isle 
posita,  in  medium  protulit,  palanMpie  r 
citavit?  Quid  est  aliud  tollere  e  vil 
vitte  societatem,  quam  tollere  unicorn 
colloquia  absentium  ?* — '  Quun  mnlta  jm 
solent  esse  in  epistolis,  qiue  prolata 
sint,  inepta  videantur  ?  quam  malta  leii 
neque  tamen  uUo  modo  diTulganda.'— €i 
Phil.  ii.  3.  Now,  to  the  first  part  of  th 
censure  I  have  no  fear  whaterer  of  beu 
exposed.  So  far  from  being  actnated  b 
feelings  of  enmity  and  resentment,  n 
sole  object  is  to  do  honour  to  the  meauM 
of  a  deceased  friend ;  and  in  case  the  pai 
tiality  of  friendship  should  be  tboogi 
likely  to  lead  me  into  the  latter  error, 
fearlessly  appeal  for  my  yindication,  1 
the  letters  now  published,  written  in  i 
the  freedom  of  familiar  and  confident! 
intercourse,  written  often  in  haste  and  t 
the  spur  of  the  moment,  under  the  inili 
euce  of  various  feelings  and  fluctuationi  < 
animal  spirits ;  yet  in  no  one  of  them,  n 
in  the  remainder  which  are  unpnbliriie 
do  I  discern  a  single  passage  which  h 
trays  weakness  or  puerility,  or  improp 
levity,  much  less  a  single  line  which  ongl 
to  be  suppressed  upon  any  moral  or  reli| 
ous  consideration. 

"  Not  one  which  dying  he  would  wish  to  btoi 

But  I  am  content  to  wait  the  issue  ;  ai 
for  the  present  to  dismiss  the  Tolume, 
full  confidence  that  it  will  justify  my  oi 
ginal  design,  and  perhaps  tend  to  its  fio 

completion.*'* 


ENGLISH  ARMOUR  AND  ARMS,  IN  THE  REIGNS  OF  ELIZABETH  AND  JAMBS  I. 

(With  a  Plate.) 


THE  following  document,  which  by 
the  kindness  of  a  friend  is  here  printed 
from  the  original,  becomes  interesting 
on  a  consideration  of  the  circum- 
stances under  which  it  was  framed.  It 
contains,  in  the  first  place,  a  cata- 
logue of  the  military  stores  of  the  City 


of  Coventry,  at  a  date  shortly  sub* 
quent  to  a  period  when  there  can  be  i 
doubt  they  were  recruited,  on  tJ 
alarm  of  the  Spanish  Armada;  ai 
secondly,  a  list  of  those  articles  whic 
wore  dealt  out  to  the  principal  cit 
zcns  on  occasion  of  their  next  pabi 


do,  his  superiority  was  decisively  proved.  If  he  carried  too  far  his  attachment  i 
the  '  little  platoon  he  belonged  to  in  society,*  it  was  more  than  compensated  by  tl 
grea^ublic  services  which  through  that  medium  he  rendered,  and  by  the  diainterestc 
part  he  took  in  establishing  the  system  of  examination  for  degrees.  By  this  sysw 
a  new  spirit  was  breathed  into  the  university,  and  the  comparative  importance  of  hi 
own  college  was  proportionally  reduced,  a  consequence  to  which  he  could  not  I 
blind,  but  which  did  not  restrain  him  from  promoting  zealously  what  he  lelC  to  be  s 
act  of  duty,  in  all  persons  enjoying  endowments  for  the  encouragement  of  l*np»ii 
and  invested  with  a  public  trust  for  that  purpose." 

*  Since  the  volume  was  written,  the  Editor  observes  that  fresh  restraints  are  ia 
posed  upon  him,  which  tend  to  make  any  future  publication  a  matter  of  naat 
tlunty.  • 


1840.]  Armour  and  Arms  of  the  CUy  qf  Caoeniry. 


349 


alarm,  about  sixteen  yean  after, 
arising  from  the  disclosure  of  the 
Gunpowder  Treason.  At  the  latter 
period,  as  is  well  known,  it  was  part 
of  the  plot  of  the  conspirators,  after 
they  had  destroyed  the  members  of 
the  Royal  Family  in  London,  to  seize 
upon  the  person  of  the  only  remaining 
individual,  the  Lady  Elizabeth  (then 
nine  years  old),  and,  under  the  name 
and  authority  of  Elizabeth  the  Second, 
to  assume  the  government  of  the 
kingdom.  The  Princess  was  then  re- 
sident at  Coombe  Abbey  near  Coven- 
try, under  the  care  of  Lord  and  Lady 
Harrington  of  Ezton  ;  *  but,  on  the 
news  arriving  in  the  country,  which 
it  seems  was  not  until  the  7tn  of  No- 
vember, she  was  removed  into  Co- 
ventry for  greater  safety,  and  was 
there  lodged  at  the  house  of  Mr. 
Hopkyns.f 

31  Maij  1589. 

1 .  Ten  newe  corslettes  w*^  head-peeces, 
vambraces,  taces  &  coUen. 

'i.  Eight  Almon  corslettet  w*^  head- 
peeces,  coUers,  vambracei,  and  taces. 

3.  Thre  corslettes  m^  collers,  vam- 
braces &  tacest  w^oui  headpeeces. 

4.  One  Almon  corslet  w^^out  coUer, 
or  headpcece. 

.*>.  One  Almon  corslet  w^^ut  coller, 
lieadpcece,  elbowe  or  forpart. 

h*.  One  back  and  brest  of  an  Almon 
corslet. 

7 .  Two  old  ctMnplet  armors. 

H.  Eleven  whit  comorrians  w^  viq 
cresteii. 

i).  Twelve  white  Dutche  morrians  lyned 
w***  yellowe  buckeram. 

10.  Fourc  black  Dutch  morrians,  one  of 
them  lyned  w*^  yellow  buckeram. 

1 1 .  Fourtcne  liaskes  w*^  flappes  un- 
»tumg, 

1  i.  Eleven  tuchbozes  w*^  stringes. 

l.{.  Thre  dosen  of  newe  flappes. 

14.  Foure  bandeliera. 

!.*>.  One  broken  liaske  &  the  topp  of  a 
flask  c. 

1H.  Foure  bundles  of  matche  waying 
{blanA. ) 

17.  Fourc  home  flaakes  w^^out  stringes. 


18.  Thirtene   old  swordas  w<V>ut  ska- 
bardes,  whereof  IQ  be  broken. 

19.  Foure  old  daggars,  and  ij  old  dagger 
blades. 

In  the  Gailery, 

20.  Seaventene  black  comorrians. 
31.  Two  old  white  sallettes. 

33.  Foure  partizantes. 

33.  Two  holberdes. 

34.  Foure  gleves. 

35.  One  spere  poynt. 

36.  Twenty.two  bkck  bills. 

37.  Twentie-two  bowes. 

38.  Twentie-fbnre  sheaffe  of  arrowes. 

39.  Thirtie-one  sculls. 

30.  Fourtie-one  pikes  headded. 

31.  Ten  light  horsmens  staves  bedded. 
33.  Nyne  pykes  w*N)ut  headdes. 

33.  Twentie  light  horsmens  staves  un* 
headded. 

34.  Eleven  bill  helves. 

35.  Fourteene  short  staves. 
3b*.  Eleven  curriors. 

37.  Twentie-three  callivers,  wherof  y  be 
broken. 

38.  Twentie  newe  flaskes  &  tutchbozes 
stringed. 

Ric'  Smyth,  maio'. 

These   thinges  under  written  were  lent 
out  the  7  of  November   1605,  when 
the  lady  Elizabeth  laye  at  Mr.  Hop- 
kyns. 
1 .  To  m'.  Breres  iij  pikes,  i  partizant,  & 

ij  black  bills. 
3.  To  m'.  Sewall  y  corslettes,  iQ  pyket, 

j  partizant,  &  g  bills. 

3.  To  mr.  Richardson  j  corslet,  j 
pike,  ig  black  bills. 

4.  To  m'.  Uowoott  iij  pikes,  j  conleti 
iij  bills,  j  partizant. 

:>.  To  m'.  WaMen  y  .'pikes,  y  Uack 
bills,  j  gleve. 

6.  To  m'.  Bedford  y  horsmens  stavas, 
j  corslet,  &  y  bowes. 

7.  To  m'.  Graveno'  j  corslet,  y  piket, 
Sc  y  billes. 

H.  To  m'.  Rogerson  iy  bills,  y  pikes,  & 
one  corslett. 

9.  To  m'.  Letherbarowe  iy  bOb. 

10.  To  m'.  CoUyns,  maio',  j  partizant  it 
y  halberdes. 


*  See  a  letter  of  Lord  Harrington  in  Park's  Nag*  Antique ;  and  also  a  letter  of  the 
Princess  in  Ellis's  Collection  of  Letters ;  copied  in  Nichols's  Progresses,  &c.  of  JaoMt 
I.  vol.  i.  p.  590;  vol.  iv.  p.  106H. 

t  Of  the  latter  part  of  the  document,  a  copy  was  communicated  to  Mr.  Nichols'a 
Progresses  (iv.  106H),  by  Mr.  T.  Sharp,  as  a  Council-house  minute.  It  is  there  thus 
headed,  "  Delivered  forthe  of  Armory  the  7th  of  November  1605,  when  the  Lady  Eliza- 
beth  laye  at  Mr.  Hopkins."  The  paragraphs  3  and  10  arc  omitted,  but  in  other  re- 
Kprrts  it  agrees  with  the  present  copy.  Mr.  Breers  (the  first  name  mentioned^  was 
M.  P.  for  Coventry,  and  Ucnry  Prince  of  Wales  slept  at  hit  hoow  ia  1619,  (mir. 
of  K.  Jo.  U.  *459.) 


350  Trained  Scldim  ai  ihe  thrwtenid  InvMmn  ^  158d.        [April, 

In  further  illustration  of  the  same  of  the  memorable  yetr  1568*  tliowii^ 

subject  we  extract  from    Mr.    Gage  how  a  couatrf  parish  in  Saffblk  was 

(Rokewode)'8  History  of  the  Hundred  then  armed  towards  the  defimpt  of  the 

of  Thingoe,  p.  334>  another  document  kingdom :— - 

Traynitd  Men  in  Chevynglon  the  third  qf  Maye,  oa.  D'lu  1588. 

A:  R.  Elizabeth  XXX. 

A  pykeman,  famished  with  a  corslet  of  the  town,  with  twwd, 
dsggard,  and  gyrdle  of   Henry  Punan  a&d  Martia  ~ 
and  with  the  pyke  of  John  Fletcher. 

A  pykeman,  ftimished  widi  the  other  oordet  of  tka , 

with  sword,  daggard,  and  gyrdle  of  Bdward  Paman,  and  with 
the  pyke  of  John  Bartylmew. 

A  shotte,  famished  with  a  calyver,  flask,  and  tondi-boK  «f 
the  widow  Norman,  the  burgenet  of  John  Bart;^meWy 


Henry  Mosse. 
William  Johnson. 
Robert  Norman. 


the  sword  of  widow  Norman  (def.  sword-hilt},  and  dagnrd 
and  gyrdle  of  John  Lynge,  Thomas  Barnard,  and  Bobatt 
Gooday. 

A  shotte,  furnished  with  the  calvver,   flaske,    toach-bozt 
sword,  daggard,  and  gyrdle  of  the  widow  Chapman,  aad 
genet  of  Henry  Wymarke. 

A  byllman,  funiidhcd  with  alma3rn  ryret,  head  piaoe, 
sword,  daggard,  gyrdle,  and  black  byll  of  the  widow 

A  byllinan,  furnished  with  almayn  ryret,  head  piece  aad 
black  byll  of  Edward  Paman,  Henry  Paman,  and  MaitiB 
Paman.    Def.  sword,  daggard,  aad  gyrdle. 

An  archer,  furnished  with  his  own  bow,  iheefe  of  ariOTi, 
Steele  capp,  redd  cappe,  sword,  daggard,  and  gyrdle. 

An  archer,  furnished  with  bow  and  sheefb  of  anowa  of 
Edward  Paman  and  Henry  Paman,  and  with  Steele  ^p 
red  cap  of  Mary  Paman,  widow ;  def.  sword,  daggaidp 
gyrdle. 

An  archer,  furnished  with  bow,  sheefe  of  arrowa,  ■frmic  eap, 
red  cap,  sword,  daggard,  and  gyrdle  of  George  Sparrow. 

Afterwards,  viz.  at  a  muster  of  trayned  soldiers,  before  Sir  John  Heigh"*  g»*gVt 
the  \i*^  of  August  1595,  37**  Elizabeth,  new  supplies  were  spoken  of,  to  be  thus,  ^» 
Clement  Paman  a  corslet  ftimishod,  Henry  Paman  a  calyrer  funiiihed,  Qeoffo  far- 
row a  calyver  fumbhed,  Christopher  Gooduy  and  Edmimd  Fyrmyn  a  calyrer  fcnsianed. 
And  then  bowmen  and  billmen  were  not  tilled  for,  neither  was  it  then  pnuMtood  to 
call  for  them  any  more,  but  yet  every  ))crson  bound  by  statute  law  to  have  the  te* 
niture  for  them  arc  left  chargeable  still  by  the  same  statutes. 


John  Gooday  (he  was 
removed  from  this  to 
the  town  muskett). 
John  Lynge. 

John  Petit  (Trowton 

was  afterwards  in  his 

room). 

Edmund  Fyrmyn. 

Thomas  Baxter  (after- 
ward Gerard  was  in 
his  room). 

Christopher  Gooday. 


Mr.  Rokcwode  1ms  nut  accompanied 
this  curious  document  with  any  re- 
marks ;  but  it  may  be  here  pointed  out 
that  its  postscript  is  particularly  ob- 
servable with  reference  to  the  decline 
of  archery.  It  states  that  in  1595 
neither  bowmen  nor  billmen  were 
called  out ;  and,  though  the  law  re- 
quiring their  equipment  remained  un- 
altered, yet  it  was  understood  that 
they  would  be  demanded  again.  As  a 
substitute,  two  new  calivers  were 
furnished.  Only  eleven  years  before 
this,  when  two  hundred  men  were 
raised  in  Lancashire  for  the  Irish 
service,   eighty  were   directed  to   be 


furnished  ivith  calivers,  forty  with 
corslets,  forty  with  bows,  and  foity 
with  halberds,  or  good  black  biUs ;  au 
were  to  have  swords  and  doBRra.* 
They  were  also  to  "  be  famiahca  with 
swords  &  daggers,  and  likewioo  con- 
venient doublets  and  hose*  and  alaoe 
a  cassncke  of  some  motley  or  other 
sadd  grenc  coUor  or  rnsaet ;  '*  thtttr 
was  to  be  delivered  "  to  every  aoldior, 
beinge  a  harquebusier*  two  pounds  of 
good  poulder,  with  convenient  wi^^fli 
and  bullet  for  the  nae  of  his  pesMp  and 
likewise  for  every  eoldior  Vf.  of 
to  provide  a  mantle  in  Ireland. 
his  livery  coate,  when  he  ahalbe 


*  Printed  ia  Pcck'n  Pesiderata  Cmloba,  and  mure  recently  in  Baiaei's  lliiiaij  if 
Jioncashire. 


1840.]                  JfUtafy  Cmmm  imf.  Jmm  L  S51 

aryrcd."    At  flut  p«riod  (15M)  tht  etdinf  docuaitiiti,  and  alio  a  tmall 

following  were  tht  prices  of  armoar  at  poqcb  for  his  hiiUets*    His  only  defen- 

the  city  uf  Chester  : —  sive  armour  is  a  noricm  or  headpiece  of 

The'  caliver,  furnished  with  flaske  iron ;  and  he  wears  a  rapier  at  his  side* 

and  touch    box,   laces    and    moalds  The  second  figare,    the   Pikeman« 

xn\8,  [yd,  wears  also  a  morion,  which,  in  De 

The  corslet,  furnished,  xxvii.  viiid.  Gheyn's  plates,  is  ornamented  with  a 

The  morispyke,  iii«.  plume,  bat  in  the  English  set,  from 

The  offensive  arms  of  the  men  pro-  whidi  Grose's  plates  are  copied,  that 

vided  with  corslets  are  not  mentioned,  ornament  is  omitted.    He  has  also  the 

but  it  may  be  supposed  they  were  ar-  cnirass  or  corslet  of  Almaine  riyett, 

chers,  bringing  their  own  bows.  (i.  e.  of  Grerman  manufacture,)  with 

The  figure  which  occurs  first  in  our  iron  taces,  or  flaps  for  the  protection 

plate,*  reriving  the  fire  of  his  match, f  of  the  thighs,  but  no  Yamhraces,  or 

IS  armed  with  a  caliver.     This  was  armour  for  the  arms.     He  wears  a 

a  fire-arm  which   derived  its  name  handsome  pair  of  gloves,  which  was 

from  bein^  a  harquebuse  of  a  standard  not  allowed  to  the  other  footmen.  Hia 

calibre  ;i  it  was  lighter  than  the  un-  pike,  of  which  the  point  is  separateljf 

wieldy  musket,  and  could  therefore  be  shown,  was  about  fifteen  feet  bng;  and 

fired  without  a  rest  ;|  and  on  that  ac-  at  his  side  is  a  rapier.^ 

count  Falstaff  says,  with  regard  to  one  The  third  figure  is  a  Musketeer,  die- 

of  his  undersized  recruits,  "  Put  me  charging  his  piece,  which  is  supportsd 

a  caliver  into  Wart's  hands/'H    De-  from  the  gtonnd  by  the  rest.     The 

pendent  from  the  Harquebusier's  girdle  barrell  of  the  musket  was  in  England 

will  be  perceived  his  string  of  match,  four  feet  in  length,  and  its  bore  soited 

his  powder  flask  and  his  touch-box,  to  boUets  of  twelve  in  the  pound.    He 

both  stringed,  as  mentioned  in  the  pre-  wore,  suspended  from  his  left  shonl- 


*  These  figures  are  taken  from  some  very  qiirited  eagravin|S  by  Jaoques  de  Gheya ; 
of  which  there  are  three  series,  in  aaarto :  1.  Armed  with  cahvers,  forty-two  platos ; 
'i.  Fikemen,  thirty-two  plates;  3.  Idusketeers,  forty-two  plates  (or  theresbonts).  The 
first  plate  of  each  series  is  engraved  ia  the  first  volume  of  Grose's  Militaij  Ajitii|nl« 
ties  :  and  in  his  second  volume  Grose  has  given  a  series  of  the  ezenise  of  Piksmw, 
thirty-three  figures ;  and  another  of  Muweteers,  forty-eight  figures,  evidently  de- 
riTed  originally  from  De  Gheyn's  designs,  though  modified  to  a  somewhat  kter  style 
of  costume. 
t  The  word  of  command  to  this  part  of  the  exercise  was,  '*  Blow  off  your  CoeL*' 
\  See  in  Meyriek's  Crit.  Inquiry  into  Antient  Armour,  vol.  Ui.  p.  49,  iht  statesssBt 
of  Sir  John  Smith  that  a  caliver  was  the  asme  weapon  as  a  harquehnsei  only  '*  of 
greater  circuite,"  or  bore ;  and  the  aoeount  of  one  Eomnnd  York,  who  was  eamloyed 
to  regulate  the  militia  of  London  by  Queen  EUsabeth  :  **  Before  the  battle  of  Moan- 
gunter  the  Princes  of  the  Religion  caused  several  thousand  harquebuses  to  be  made, 
all  of  one  calibre,  which  was  called  Hm'fuehtM  dt  eMlikr§  d§  Mondmr  U  Primes i  so 
I  think  some  men,  not  understsnding  Frenoh,  brought  hither  the  name  of  the  hdght 
of  the  bullet  of  the  piece,  which  word  etMkre  is  yet  continued  with  onr  good 


nonters." 


§  Fosbroke  says  of  the  caliver,  it  *'  had  a  wheel-lode ;"  quoting  Meyriek  as  his  aa« 
thority ;  but  in  tnis  respect  that  author  directly  oontrsdicts  him,  for  bs  says  (ill.  4S), 
"  This  was  in  England,  as  well  as  the  musket,  a  OMteh-lock  piece ;  for,  notwithstsad- 
xTif^  the  invention  of  the  wheel-look,  it  was  too  expensive  to  be  used  by  the  common 
•oUiiery."  It  U  to  one  individual  spedmen  (Mevr.  44)  thst  the  statement  "  it  had  a 
wheel -lock  "  apiilies,  and  to  two  otners  what  follows,—*'  sometimes  a  portrait  of  the 
owner  on  the  stock,  and  a  msgaiine  for  bullets  in  the  stock.  It  was  three  feet  two 
inches  long," — that  is,  the  first  mentioned  is  of  that  length,  two  others  each  three 
feet.  (Meyriek,  ibid.)  This  generalisiag  fsom  psrticular  (and  posdbly  extraordinary) 
instances,  is  too  much  the  fomt  of  Mr.  Posbroke's  work. 

U  Shakspeare's  Henry  IV.  Pkrt  II. 

f  This  equipment  egrese  wkh  the  descriptkm  of  Plkeasen  given  by  John  Bingham 
in  his  account  of  the  aimov  of  the  Englishf  appended  to  Us  traatlationof  the  Tsedcs 
of  iElisa,  fol.  16ie. 


352 


English  Arms  and  Armour. '^Lampaiopharta.  [A]iril 


der,  a  bandalier,  at  the  lower  end  of 
which  were  suspended  his  leathern  bag 
for  bullets  and  his  touch-box  ;  and  on 
either  side  were  strung  fifteen  or  six- 
teen charges  for  powder.  His  strings 
of  match  hang  from  the  same  girdle  as 
his  rapier.  The  English  musketeers 
wore  iron  head-pieces,  as  shown  in  the 
series  Grose  has  engraved  ;  but  in  the 
series  by  De  Gheyn  they  appear  in  a 
variety  of  those  very  picturesque  hats, 
ornamented  with  bands  and  feathers, 
which  occur  in  other  pictures  of  the 
time  of  James  the  First,  and  particu- 
larly in  the  conversation  piece  of  the 
Gunpowder  Conspirators,  representing 
the  fashion  of  the  very  period  which 
has  led  to  these  observations. 

It  is,  perhaps,  scarcely  necessary  to 
be  added,  that  the  morrians,  comor- 
rians,  and  sallettes  which  occur  in  the 
Coventry  inventory,  were  all  different 
kinds  of  head- pieces  ;  as  was  the  bur- 
genet,  of  which  there  were  two  at 
Chevington.  The  morion  was  a  name 
applied  to  those  which  had  a  rim  round 
them  like  that  of  a  hat,  a  fashion  sup- 
posed to  have  been  derived  from  the 
Spanish  moors;  they  had  also  a  ridge 
down  the  front,  (as  shown  in  the  plate) 
which  was  called  the  com6,  whence  the 
comorrian,  or  combed  morion.  The 
sallet  was  an  older  name  for  a  steel 
cap  for  infantry,  which  had  the  ridge, 
but  not  the  rim.*  The  hurgenet,  or 
bourgoinct,  was  a  more  complete  hel- 
met, with  a  large  ledge  at  bottom,  en- 
abling it  to  turn  on  the  hauase-col,  or 
collar. 

The  partizants,  halberds,  gleves,  and 
bills,  come  into  the  class  of  weapon 
between  a  spear  and  an  axe. 

The  currioi'8,  of  which  there  were 
eleven  at  Coventry,  seem  to  have  been 
a  more  rare  species  of  weapon.  They 
were  fire-arms,  differing  little  from  the 
hagbut  or  harquebuse  ;  and  are  men- 
tioned once  or  twice  in  a  letter  of  Lord 
Wentworth  to  Queen  Mary  respecting 
the  siege  of  Calais.f 

The  following  extracts  may  here  be 
appended  from  the  schedule  of  rates  and 
prices  of  armour  fixed  in  London  by 
Royal  Commission  in  1631,  the  whole 
of  which  may  be  found  in  the  works 
of  Grose  and  Meyrick. 


«. 

If. 

T 

▼i 

iiu 

• 

in 

▼ 

. 

lUi 

• 

▼1 

ii 

▼i 

Theprieei  of  the  parti  qftk§  wkoif  CIm 
let,  or  Footman's  Armamr^   rmtaeiti 

viz : — 


The  breast 

The  backe 

The  tassets 

The  combd  headpeece  lyned 

The  gorget  lyned 


Thetoun    ^    ii      . 
If  the  breast,  back,  and  tasteti  be  lyni 
with  red  leather,  the  pdce  will  be  i/.  iiii 

The  price  of  a  pike  wms  4«.  6d. 
that  of  a  new  musket,  with  moali 
worm  and  scowrer,  15«.  6d, ;  thati 
a  harquebuze  with  a  firelocke  an 
beltc,  swivel  1,  flaske,  key,  mould 
worme  and  scowrer,  1/.  16*.;  and  for 
new  bandalier  with  twelve  chargei, 
prymer,  a  pryming  wyre,  a  bnllet  ba| 
and  a  strap  or  belt  of  two  inches  i 
breadth,  28,  6d.  It  may  be  added  tfai 
all  the  parts  of  the  armour  of  Charles 
reign,  as  well  as  the  military  costnni 
of  both  officers  and  men,  are  excellent 
ly  represented  in  coIoutm,  in  the  paint 
ed  glass  of  a  window  in  Famdo 
church,  Cheshire,  at  p.  408,  vol.  i 
of  Ormerod's  History  of  that  county 

J.  G.  N. 

LAMPADOPHORIA. 

The  custom  of  illuminating  wil 
torches  or  lamps,  at  certain  times  i 
the  year,  has  been  common  in  man 
parts  of  the  East ...  It  likewise  ooi 
stituted  a  particular  festival  at  Atheni 
the  Lampadophoria,  which  were  cek 
brated  in  honor  of  Minerva,  Pkomi 
theus,  and  Hephaestus. 

The  remains  of  this  game«  I  tjiinl 
can  be  now  traced  in  an  anaaemcBt  i 
children  in  Cheshire  and  L4mcaahin 
where,  say  four  or  five,  are  aitcia 
round  the  fire,  a  lighted  stick  is  hande 
from  hand  to  hand,  the  one  holding  i 

repeating  the  foUowine  nonsense, 
Robin  alive,  alive  it  shallbe. 
If  it  dies  in  thy  hand  thou  saddled  *^*"  bs 
With  sticks,  stocks,  and  stones. 
And  old  marrow-bones : 
Pr>'thee,  good  fellow,  take  to  thee. 
On  its  going  oat,  for  it    is 

about  till  it  doth,  the  peraon 

hand  it  was  in,  is  immediately  n\\» 
down,  and  chairs,  tables,  atooU,  aM 
anything  for  fun,  put  upon  him  I'ihm 
ending  the  game.  I,  ly^  p 


*  See  in  Meyrick*s  plate  LXVIII.  four  men,  an  archer  wearing  a  plafan 
harqucbusier  a  sallet,  a  billman  a  morian,^  and  a  pikeman  a  combed  i — 
Mary.  t  Meyricki  liL  97. 

2 


1840.]  353 

NOTES  ON  BOSWELL»S  JOHNSON. 
(Concluded from  Vol,  XL  p,  133  J 

Vol.  VIII.  p.  146.  '' Dr.  John  Jortin,  a  voluminoas  and  respectablA 
writer  on  general  subjects,  as  well  as  an  eminent  divine.'*  Croker.  Thu 
account  is  scarcely  precise  enough  to  be  satisfactory ;  Jortin's  Works  are 
all  either  critical  or  theological,  with  the  exception  of  his  poetry;  as  to 
his  being  ^*  an  eminent  divine/'  we  quoted,  in  our  number  for  February 
ls39,  p.  131,  the  judgment  of  the  late  Mr.  Rose  on  that  subject,  and  we 
will  now  give  the  words  of  another  well-informed  writer.  ''  The  remarks 
of  Jortin  [on  Ecclesiastical  History]  are  a  vulgar  caricature,  distinguished 
not  more  for  their  uselessness,  and  the  absence  of  every  noble  feeling,  than 
for  the  author's  shameful  ignorance  of  the  subject  which  he  presumed  to 
handle."  V.  Dowling's  Introduction  to  Ecclesiastical  History,  p.  196.  In 
this  work  of  Jortin's  occurs  one  of  the  very  first  notices  of  Dr.  Johnson 
that  we  have  met  with.  Jortin  quotes  a  passage  in  Morhof  concerning  a 
dream  related  by  Grotius,  Salmasius,  and  others  ;  and  then  adds,  '*  I  am 
obliged  to  Mr.  Samuel  Johnson  for  referring  me  to  this  place  of  Morhof.'* 
Vide  Notes  on  Eccl.  Hist.  ii.  p.  120.  Dr.  S.  Parr  told  the  writer  of  this 
note  that  Morhofs  work  was  a  great  favourite  with  Dr.  Johnson. 

P.  117.  "  Styan  Thirlby,  a  critic  of  at  least  as  much  reputation  as  he 
deserves."  Croker.  Surely  such  notes  as  these  impart  little  information  ; 
but  we  will  give  something  more  satisfactory.  Walchius,  in  his  excellent 
work  Bibliotheca  Patristica,  p.  131,  speaking  of  Thirlby,  says,  "Non  me- 
(iiocrem  negligentiam  atque  ignorantiam  in  ornanda  ilia  Justini  editione, 
Thirlbius  prodidit."  Next  see  the  Acta  Eruditorum,  ann.  1723,  vol  42. 
where  the  work  of  Thirlby  is  reviewed  with  great  learning  and  accuracy, 
llic  reviewer  says,  "  Nihil  in  ilia  Editione  apparet,  sola  inanissima  loqua* 
citas^  arrogantia,  temeritas,  nugse,  et  lascivientis  adolescentise  lusas,'*  and 
he  ends  thus,  "  De  reliquis  illius  observationibus  judicium  fieri  potest,  eum 
nempe  (|ui  J.  Martyri  illiusque  scriptis  et  interpretibus  omniqae  orbi 
erudito  tarn  juveni liter,  tam  impudenter,  tarn  audacter,  tamque  pneter 
onineni  rationeni  insultavit,  vix  aliquantulum  boni  proferre  potnisse." 
Consult  also  Le  Clerc's  Bibliothk]ue  Ancienne,  t.  xxiii.  p.  1.  I  believe  the 
elegant  Latinity  of  the  Dedication,  which  the  foreign  scholars  said  was  not 
then  common  iiv  England,  and  perhaps  the  extraordinary  beauty  of  the 
types,  &c.  brought  this  edition  into  tem|K)rary  reputation. 

P.  1  ()2.  On  the  subject  of  the  right  employment  of  wealth,  Johnson  made 
these  observations  :  *'  A  man  cannot  make  a  bad  use  of  his  money  so  far  M 
regards  society,  if  he  does  not  hoard  it ;  for  if  he  either  spends  it  or  lends  it 
out,  society  has  the  benefit.  It  is  in  general  better  to  spend  money  than 
to  give  it  away,  for  industry  is  more  promoted  by  spending  money  than 
by  giving  it  away.  A  man  who  spends  his  money  is  sure  he  is  doing 
good  with  it ;  he  is  not  so  sure  when  he  gives  it  away.  A  man  who  spends 
ten  thousand  a-year  will  do  more  good  than  a  man  who  spends  two 
thousand  and  gives  away  eight."  Mr.  Croker  has  justly  remarked  that 
the  firnt  proposition  is  too  broadly  stated^  viz.  that  a  man  cannot  make  a 
bad  use  of  his  money,  so  far  as  regards  society,  if  he  does  not  board 
it.*      And  this  may  be  said  of  the  whole  argument^  for  money  ghtH 


*  By  hoarding,  asiiiredly  Johnson  most  mean,  not  iownp,  but  bnrying,  or  locldaf 
lip  Dionry  ;  beamie,  in  the  common  acceptation  of  boarding,  boarded  or  taTed  moiM]f 
ia  equally  naeful  to  the  community  as  any  other ;  being  lent  out  and  producing  iattrtil* 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  Xlll.  2  Z 


354  Notes  on  Boswdti  Life  of  Johnson.  [Aprilf 

may  be  equally,  or  more,  advantageons  to  society  than  money  9pmi ; 
but,  in  fact,  all  money  that  is  not  hoarded  must  be  spent.  I  ghe  ten 
thousand  pounds  to  build  a  hospital.  The  governors  of  the  hospitel  gpeni 
the  money  that  I  have  given. 

Johnson  saya, "  A  man  who  spends  his  money  is  sure  he  is  doing  good 
with  it ;  he  is  not  so  sure  when  he  gives  it  away."  But  the  good  that  a 
man  is  sure  of  doing  who  spends  his  money,  only  extends  to  the  dreulaiisn 
of  that  money  ;  he  can  be  sure  of  nothing  more ;  and  it  will  equally  circn- 
late  when  given.  I  buy  goods  of  a  tradesman,  or  I  give  money  to  a  poor 
and  distressed  widow  and  family,  who  spend  it  equally  in  the  |Hirchase  of 
goods.  The  distinction  between  giving  and  spending  seems  to  be  a  tmtral 
one,  and  not  one  that  is  important  to  society.  If  I  never  ghe,  I  shall  be 
much  more  likely  to  spend  amiss.  My  giving  will  tend  to  keep  my  expen- 
diture in  a  proper  line,  and  under  due  restraint.  The  importance  to 
society  is  not  found  in  the  distinction  between  giving  and  spending,  but  in 
the  nature  of  the  spending ;  in  spending  so  as  to  reproduce.  One  man 
spends  ten  thousand  pounds  on  a  house ;  this  money  is  to  bim  for  erer 
lost :  another  spends  the  same  sum  on  the  improvement  of  his  estate,  and 
to  increase  the  fertility  of  his  land  -,  and  this  same  sum,  instead  of  being 
lost,  is  continually  multiplying  itself,  and  procuring  a  further  increase  <? 
the  capital  of  the  country. 

P.  166.  Johnson. — "  Raising  the  wages  of  day  labourers  is  wrong,  for 
it  does  not  make  tliem  live  better,  but  only  makes  them  idler.**  Raising 
the  wages  of  day  labourers,  unless  the  productiveness  of  the  soil  is  also 
increased,  would  tend  to  raise  the  prices  of  commodities,  and  thna  make 
them  no  richer  than  they  were  before  5  but  idleness  is  not  the  meeesmrg 
con8equence  of  high  wages,  except  in  a  very  debased  and  cormpt  state  of 
the  lower  orders. 

P.  1  vSO.  "  That  learned  and  ingenious  prelate  (Hurd),  it  is  well  laiown» 
published  at  one  period  of  his  life  '  Moral  and  Political  Dialogues/  widi  a 
woefully  whiggish  cast.  Afterwards,  his  Lordship  having  tbongfat  better, 
came  to  see  his  error,  and  republished  the  work  with  a  more  conatitntioBal 
spirit.  Johnson,  however,  was  unwilling  to  allow  him  fall  credit  for  hii 
political  conversion.'* 

The  first  edition  of  Hurd*s  "Moral  and  Political  Dialognes"  was  paUisbed 
in  1 759, 8vo.  with  a  curious  preface  and  postscript,  omitted  in  all  snbseqaeol 
editions.  See  Johnstone's  Life  of  Dr.  Parr,  vol.  i.  p.  315,  fisr  the  alteratioQS 
in  the  different  editions  5  also  Bibliotheca  Parriana,  p.  439.  "For  the 
purpose  of  knowing,'*  says  Parr,  '*  whether  I  had  once  spoken  too  severely 
of  Bishop  Hurd,  respecting  changes  silently  and  gradually  made  in  his 
celebrated  Dialogues,  J  carefully  compared  this  edition  (1771)  with  the 
former  ones,  and  the  result  was  my  connction  that  I  had  done  the  Bishop 
no  injustice.  If  I  had  thought  differently,  my  determination  was  to  retract 
and  apologise.'*  It  would  appear  that  Richard  Person  first  acquainted 
Dr.  Parr  with  these  variations  in  the  different  editions;  for,  in  a  note  to  the 
Tracts  of  a  Warburtonian,  p.  157,  he  says,  "  I  am  told,  by  one  whom  I 
esteem  the  best  Greek  scholar  in  this  kingdom,  and  to  whom  the  hat  ol 
Bentley  would  have  '  vailed/  '  that  many  notable  discoveries  might  be  made 
by  comparing  the  varise  lectiones,  the  clippings  and  the  filings,  the  soften- 
ings and  the  vamishings  of  sundry  constitutional  doctrines,  as  they  crept 
by  little  and  little  into  the  different  successive  editions  of  certain  lUitieal 
Dialogues.*  '*  Mr.  George  Dyer  has  added  to  the  above  by  ginng  the 
supposed  cause  of  Hurd's  alteration  of  opinion.  ^  Hard  was  thought  s 
proper  person  to  be  advanced  to  a  Bishoprick ;  but  the  abdicilmi  el 


1840.]  Notes  on  BoswelVs  Ltfe  of  Johnson.  355 

certain  obnoxious  principles  was  to  be  the  condition.  The  first  edition  of 
his  Dialogues,  therefore,  widely  differs  from  the  subsequent  ones, '  qoantum 
mutatus  ab  illo  Hectore.*  ** — v.  Epilogue  to  Ignoramus. 

P.  182.  Maurice  Morgan,  Esq.  "author  of  the  very  ingenious  Essay  on 
the  Character  of  Falstaff,"  &c. 

lliis  work,  called  ingenious  by  Mr.  Boswell,  is  of  very  superior  merit 
indeed,  and  very  high  praise  is  justly  bestowed  on  it  by  Mr.  Pye,  in  his 
entertaining  notes  in  his  Translation  of  Aristotle's  Poetics,  p.  308. 
"  To  recommend  (he  says)  that  original  and  convincing  piece  of  cri- 
ticism partially  is  doing  it  injustice,  since  every  part  of  it  is  replete  with 
elegance  of  taste,  and  accurate  and  impartial  J4idgment.*  *'  The  accom- 
plished author  of  this  work  died  at  Knightsbridge,  in  March  1802,  aged  77. 
He  was  Under  Secretary  of  State  when  the  Marquis  of  Lansdowne  was  in 
power.  See  sketch  of  his  life  in  Censura  Literaria,  vol.  iv.  p.  178,  and 
an  animated  character  of  him  may  be  found  in  Symmons's  Life  of  Milton, 
p.  122.  "  When  he  read  over  his  manuscript  to  Tom  Davies  the  book- 
seller, he  was  as  much  diverted  as  any  of  his  hearers  ;  interrupting  the 
lecture  by  repeated  bursts  of  laughter.*'  See  Ritson's  Letters,  vol.  ii. 
p.  181. 

P.  209.  ''  One  might  be  led  from  the  practice  of  reviewers  to  suppose 
that  they  take  a  pleasure  in  original  writing  ;  for  we  often  hnd  that,  instead 
of  giving  an  accurate  account  of  what  has  been  done  by  the  author  whose 
work  they  are  reviewing,  which  is  surely  the  proper  business  of  a  literary 
journal,  they  produce  some  plausible  and  ingenious  conceits  of  their  own, 
upon  the  topics  which  have  been  discussed.' 

For  this  change  in  the  style  of  criticism  the  following  reasons  may  be 
given  :  1,  the  multiplicity  of  books  inducing  persons  of  education,  yet 
of  engagements  too  extensive  to  allow  of  leisure  for  examining  their  re- 
spective merits,  to  look  up  to  some  writer,  who,  at  stated  times,  will  afford  a 
general  view  of  the  character  and  principal  points  of  the  subjects  treated  of ; 
2dly,  the  large  remuneration  for  intellectual  labour  of  a  high  quality,  in* 
ducing  writers  of  eminence  to  engage  in  this  department  of  literature,  who 
conceive  it  more  serviceable  to  their  purpose,  and  also  more  acceptable  to 
the  readers,  to  give  their  original  views  of  the  subjects  discussed,  per- 
haps, by  inferior  writers  -,  Stilly,  when  questions  of  high  importance  are 
examined,  and  some  of  pressing  exigency,  the  style  engages  less  attention, 
and  the  argument  more.  Criticism  is  not  so  verbal  as  it  was  ;  therefore, 
there  is  less  matter  for  remark  on  the  works  of  authors.  Compare  a  paper 
in  the  Edinburgh  and  Quarterly  Reviews  on  Fox*s  or  Mackintosh's  History, 
or  any  other,  with  the  remarks  on  Thucydides'  History  by  Dionysins  of 
Halicarnassus,  in  his  Treatise  de  Structure  Oretionis,  and  the  difference 
between  the  spirit  of  ancient  and  modem  criticism  may  be  observed. 

P.  273.  "  Mrs.  Montagu  is  a  very  extraordinary  woman  ;  she  has  a 
constant  stream  of  conversation,  and  it  is  always  impregnated  ■** 

What  was  an  impregnation  in  London,  however,  turned  out  to  be  a  mere 
tympany  at  Paris.  What  says  Mad.  Deffand : — "Je  vois  quelqnefoit 
Mad.  Montagu.  Je  ne  la  tronve  pas  trop  p^ante,  mais  elle  fait  tant  d'efforti 
pour  bien  parler  notre  langue,  que  sa  conversation  est  penible,  J'aime  bien 
mienx  Milady  Lucan,  qui  ne  s'embarrasse  point  dn  mot  propre,  et  qui  le 
fait  fort  bien  entendre.       Again  :  '*  La  Dame  de  Montagu  ne  me  d^plait 

*  There  are  two  good  critical  pepert  in  the  Lounger,  Not.  69,  69,  on  the  characttr 
•r  FalsUff. 


356  Notes  on  BohwelVt  Life  of  Johnson,  [\^rA, 

point :  sa  conversation  est  penible,  parce  qii*elle  parle  difficileinent  notre 
langue :  elle  est  tres  polie,  et  elle  n'a  point  6t6  trop  p^daute  avec  mm." 
The  last  account  is  less  favourable  :  *'  Mad.  Montagu  8  est  tr^  bien  com- 
portie  h  TAcad^inic  ;  elle  ne  se  laisse  aller  k  aucun  emportement :  c'e«t 
une  femme  raisonnable,  ennuyeuse  sans  doute,  mais  bonne  femnie,  crt  tr^ 
polie."  Mr.  Hallara  places  her  at  the  bottom  of  the  list  of  the  Shak- 
epeare  commentators.     See  Hist,  of  Liter,  vol.  iii.  p.  580. 

P.  273.  See  some  account  of  Fuote  in  Polwhele's  Memoir8>  toI.  i. 
p.  27-31.  He  is  alluded  to  in  the  Lounger,  vol.  ii.  p.  29,  No.  49.  "Parti- 
cular persons  may  come  to  be  represented  on  the  stage  instead  of  general 
characters.  Something  of  this  kind  was  some  time  ago  introduced  on  the 
English  stage  ;  though  it  may  be  observed  that  this  mode  of  writing  owed 
its  success  more  to  the  mimic  qualities  of  the  author,  than  to  its  being 
approved  of  by  the  taste  of  the  audience.*'  G.  Colman  says,  "  There  is  no 
Shakspeare  or  Roscius  on  record,  who,  like  Foote,  supported  a  theatre  for  a 
series  of  years  by  his  own  acting  in  his  own  writings,  and  for  ten  years  of 
that  time  upon  a  uooden  leg.  This  prop  to  his  person  I  once  saw  standing 
by  his  bedside,  ready  dressed  in  a  handsome  silk  stocking,  with  a  polished 
shoe  and  gold  buckle,  awaiting  the  owner's  getting  up.  It  had  a  kind  of 
tragi-comical  appearance,  and  I  leave  to  inveterate  wags  the  ingenuity  of 
punning  upon  a  Foots  in  bed  and  a  leg  out  of  it."  Cooke's  Memoirs  of 
him  is  a  very  poor  performance. 

P.  277.  A  catalogue  of  Dr.  Douglas's  Editions  of  Horace  was  printed 
in  1739  j  again.  Lips.  1775.  It  contained  four  hundred  and  fifty.  This 
collection  was  sold  at  the  Chevalier  D'Eon's  sale  at  Christie's,  Feb.  1813, 
VLTider  fourscore  pounds  J  Some  part  of  the  Douglas'  collection  was  made 
for  him  by  Foulis.  See  Life  of  Dr.  W.  Hunter.  Dr.  Douglas  died  April  1, 
1742,  in  his  67th  year.  See  Dr.  King's  Anecdotes  of  his  Own  Times  for 
some  account  of  Douglas,  p.  71 .  He  had  no  editions  of  the  highest  rarity. 
See  Pope's  Dunciad,  iv.  394, 

**  And  Douglas  lend  his  soft,  obstetric  band,*' 

with  the  note  affixed. 

P.  289.  **  Voltaire  and  Rousseau  were  less  read."  lliose  who  are 
acquainted  with  the  curious  and  extensive  correspondence  of  Voltaire, 
know  that  he  invariably  ends  his  letters  to  some  of  his  friends  with  the 
words  **  ecrasez  Vinfame ;"  nor  is  it  till  we  become  familiar  with  bis  mode 
of  thinking  on  matteis  of  religion,  from  other  passages  in  his  works,  that 
we  can  understand  its  meaning ; — but  by  '<  riufame,"  he  means  the 
"  establishment  of  the  Roman  Catholic  religion  and  church — the  Jesuits 
— the  priesthood — the  whole  of  its  ceremonies,  and  all  its  parts.'* 

P.  292.  To  this  long  note  on  the  personality  of  the  •'  Denl,"  I  shall 
add,  that  Mr.  Coleridge  (see  his  Remains)  has  pointed  out  the  importance 
of  the  distinci  ion  between  the  words  hiaftoXos  and  baifiuv  in  the  New 
Testament.  In  another  place,  in  his  notes  on  Luther's  Table-talk,  he 
thus  observes.  *'  Queries.— -I.  Abstractedly  from,  and  independently  of  all 
sensible  substances,  and  the  bodies,  wills,  faculties,  and  affections  of  men, 
has  the  De^nl,  or  would  the  Devil,  have  a  perfect  self-subsistence  ?  Does 
he,  or  can  he,  exist  as  a  conscious  individual,  agent,  or  person  ?  Shonld 
the  answer  to  this  query  be  in  the  negative,  then^  2d,  Do  there  exist  finite 
and  personal  beings,  whether  with  composite  and  decomposible  bodies, 
that  is,  embodied,  or  with  simple  and  indecomposible  bodies  (which  is  all 
that  can  be  meant  by  disembodied,  as  applied  to  finite  creatnrea),  so 
eminently  wicked^  or  wicked  and  mischievous  in  so  pecoliar  a  land,  at 


1840.]  Notes  on  BoBwelV 8  Life  of  Johnson.  357 

to  constitute  a  distinct  genus  of  beings,  under  the  name  of  Devils  ?  3rd. 
Is  this  second  hypothesis  compatible  ivith  the  acts  and  fanctions  attributed 
to  the  Devii  in  Scripture  ?  Oh  !  to  have  had  these  three  questions  put 
by  Mclancthon  to  Luther,  and  to  have  heard  his  reply  !" — Remains^ 
vol.  iv.  p.  26. 

P.  297.  *'  I  mentioned  Jer.  Taylor's  using  in  his  form  of  Prayer — *  I  am 
the  chief  of  sinners  !  '  and  such  self-condemning  expressions.  Now, 
said  I,  this  cannot  be  said  with  truth  by  every  man,  and  therefore  is  im- 
proper for  a  general  printed  form,**  &c.  Mr.  Coleridge  has  observed,  oa 
Henry  Mores  Explanation  of  the  Grand  Mystery  of  Godliness — Dedica- 
tion, "  Senorum  illius  omnium  indignissimus,'*  "  Servus  iDdignissimua/' 
or  ''  omnino  indignus/*  or  any  other  positive  self-abasement  before  God,  I 
can  understand  :  but  how  an  express  avowal  of  uuworthiness,  compara- 
tively superlative,  can  consist  with  the  Job-like  integrity  and  sincerity  of 
profession  especially  required  in  a  solemn  address  to  Him  to  whom  all 
hearts  arc  open — this  1  do  not  understand,  in  the  case  of  such  men  as 
Henry  More,  Jer.  Taylor,  Rich.  Baxter,  men  who,  by  comparison  at  least 
with  the  multitude  of  evil  doers,  must  have  believed  themselves,"  &c. 
r.   Remains,  iii.  160. 

P.  301.  "I  mentioned  Thom<is  Lord  Lytteltons  vision,  the  pre- 
diction of  the  time  of  his  death,  and  its  exact  fulfilment,"  &c.  See  oa 
this  singular  and  well-known  subject,  Maurice's  Memoirs  of  an  AuUiofy 
pt.  iii.  p.  29,  and  Memoirs  of  Fred.  Reynolds,  vol.  ii.  p.  iy2*I96^  where 
the  circumstances  are  detailed. 

P.  30.').  "  Mr.  Grcville's  Maxims,  Characters,  and  Reflections,  a  book 
which  is  entitled  to  much  more  praise  than  it  has  received.**  The  fullest 
account  of  Mr.  Greville  that  we  have  is  in  Madame  D'Arblay's  Life  of  Dr. 
Burney  :  see  vol.  i.  pp.  24,  .56,  112,  &c.  Also  consult  Lady  M.  Monta- 
gue's l/Ctters.ed.  WharncHfie,  vol.  iii.  p.  102.  Some  mention  of  him  occurs 
in  Mad.  Dcflfand's  Letters.  H.  Walpole  calls  it  a  "  wonderful  book,  by 
a  moie  wonderful  author.'*  His  wife,  the  author  of  the  elegant  Ode  to 
Indifference,  was  Fanny  Macartney,  the  Fiora  of  the  Maxims.  She  was 
the  mother  of  the  beautiful  and  ingenious  Lady  Crewe.  Mrs.  Montagne 
is  intended  in  the  character  of  Melissa^  see  p.  Ill, and  liOrd Chatham  ia 
that  oi  Prniittles,  p.  34. 

P.  .'^06.  '*  Mrs.  Kennicott  related  a  lively  saying  of  Dr.  Johnson  to  Miss 
H.  More,  who  had  expressed  a  wonder  that  the  poet  who  had  written 
Paradise  Lost  should  write  such  poor  sonnets.  '  Madam,  Milton  was  a 
genius  that  could  cut  a  Colossus  from  a  rock,  but  could  not  carve  heads 
upon  rherry-stones.'  "  The  Sonnet  came  to  us  from  the  Italian  poets,  by 
T\hom  it  was  formed,  and  was  a  favourite  species  uf  poetical  composition. 
There  is  scarcely  a  single  specimen  of  the  sonnet  in  the  English  language, 
between  the  time  of  Milton  and  Gray  ;  but  when  the  study  of  the  poetry 
of  Italy  again  revived  in  England,  which  during  the  days  of  Dryden  and 
Pope  had  been  superseded  by  that  of  France,  the  sonnet  reappeared  with 
it  'j  see  those  of  T.  Warton,  and  of  Edwards.  Milton  studied  with  atten- 
tion the  sonnetti  of  B.  Varchi,  which  are  not  exceeded  in  the  Italian  poetry 
by  any  other.  I  know  of  only  one  sonnet  written  before  the  time  of  Mil* 
ton  that  has  his  flow  and  cadence,  so  different  from  the  style  of  the  Eliza- 
bethan sonnet  writers — and  that  is  one  by  Spenser.     It  begins, 

Harrey,  the  happy  above  happiest  men, 
I  read  ;  — that,  sittinf  like  a  looker  on 
Of  this  world*!  atagt,  doet  note  with  critic  pen 
The  iharp  ditUkei  of  each  condition,  &c. 


358  Notes  on  BoswelCs  Life  of  Johnson.  [April, 

P.  332.  ''  I  dined  with  him  (Dr.  Johnson)  at  Diily*8,  where  were  die 
Rev.  Mr.  Knox^  Master  of  Tunbridge  School/'  &c.  Dr.  Knox  iofora- 
ed  the  writer  of  this  note^  that  at  the  party  here  mentioned  Dr.  Johnsoii 
appeared  dressed  with  considerable  care,  in  a  fine  laced  brown  suit  of 
Clothes  ;  but  having  the  strongest  marks  of  disease  and  decay  in  his  ooon- 
tenance  : — he  looked  like  a  corpse  ! 

P.  342.  "  I  argued  that  a  refinement  of  taste  was  a  disadvantage*  M 
they  who  have  attained  to  it  must  be  seldomcr  pleased  than  those  who  hafe 
no  nice  discrimination,  and  are  therefore  satisfied  with  every  thing  that 
comes  in  their  way.  Nay,  Sir,  said  Johnson,  that  is  a  faulty  notion,'*  &c. 
Supposing,  which  however  is  not  the  case,  that  an  ignorant  man  has  the 
same  amount  of  delight  in  viewing  a  daub  as  an  artist  has  in  a  picture  of 
high  excellence,  yet  the  advantage  of  the  connoisseur,  or  man  of  finished 
taste,  would  still  be  greater ;  inasmuch  as  his  pleasure  is  founded  on 
the  fixed  principles  of  the  art  he  studies  and  admires— what  Raphael  or 
Titian  has  been  to  him,  that  they  will  continue  to  be  ;  his  pleasure 
will  be  permanent,  while  the  ignorant  person  will  ever  be  changing  in  hb 
attachments,  or,  if  he  improves  in  knowledge,  will  desert  his  former  fa- 
vourites, and  fdter  his  opinions.  It  is,  as  Johnson  says,  a  very  paltry, 
though  common  argument. 

P.  389.  '*  Sir  George  Baker."— This  celebrated  physician  will  long  be 
remembered  for  his  flowing  and  elegant  Latinity ;  in  which  he  is  hardly 
excelled  by  any  writer  of  our  country.  See  his  Opuscula  Medica,  1 77  It  8fo. 

In  his  Treatise  de  Aflectibus  Animi,  p.  125,  in  speaking  of  the  effect  of 
'<  Tristitia,**  to  whom  does  Sir  G.Baker  allude  in  the  following  description  ? 
''  Hujusce  rei  grave  nuper  exemplum  praebuit  vir  magni  in  primis,  et 
preestantis  ingenii.  Is,  postquam  Hiberniam  suam  poesi,  leporibusque 
Athenis,  et  eJoquio  omaverat,  dolens  nsqne  parem  meritis  non  respondisse 
favorem  et  observantiam,  pariterque  amicis,  inimicis,  et  sibi  iratus,  tandem 
in  exilem  hominis  imaginem  et  meram  quasi  umbram  extenoatus  est.  Cum 
autem,  prope  acta  jam  atque  decursa  sctate,  prs  tanta  morum  asperitateet 
immanitate  naturse,  mens  illi  subversa  essct ;  et  ingenium  iilud  exoelsum, 
sublime  et  eruditum,  turpissim^  deliravit ;  iilico  animatnm  senis  sibi  super- 
stitis  cadaver  nutriri  caepit,  et  pinguescere,  ab  hospite  tam  inquieto  lilie« 
ratum."  There  is  a  very  clever  and  classical  epitaph  by  Sir  G.  Baker,  on 
Maria  van  Butchell,  whose  body  was  preserved,  and  is  now  in  Sni^eons' 
Hall.     It  ends  thus : 

*'  O  fortunatum  vimm  !  et  invidendum ! 
Cui  peculiiure  hoc  et  proprium  contingit, 
Apud  se  habere  foeminam 
Constantem  sibi 
Et  horis  omnibus  eandem.'' 

P.  390.  ''  As  Johnson  was  undoubtedly  one  of  the  first  Latin  scbolan 
in  modem  times,  let  us  not  deny  to  his  fame  some  additional  splendour 
from  the  Greek.*'  No  doubt  but  that  Johnson  was  a  very  good  Latin 
scholar ;  and  could  compose  in  that  language  with  ease,  if  not  with 
finished  elegance,  or  critical  precision.  A  readiness  in  using  the  dnd 
languages  may  exist  without  any  profound  acquaintance  with  the  more  re- 
condite laws  that  regulate  their  structure ;  and  scholars  of  far  more  emdition 
than  Johnson  might  have  yielded  to  him  the  palm  of  rapid  composition,  or 
unembarrased  elocution.  Neither  Sigonius,  nor  Facciolati,  nor  Frienabe- 
mius,  nor  even  Salmasius,  6  irdw,  ever  ventured  to  Cfmvtr$9  in  I^t«B 
though  eminent  masters  of  it«  verbal  niceties,  its  most  refined  and  delicate 
beauties,  and  its  elaborate  and  entire  construction. 


1840.] 


The  Fire  of  Sovthwark  in  1676. 


359 


Mr.  Urban, 

THE  name  of  "The  Fire  of  Lon- 
don "  is  familiar  in  everybody's  ear ; 
our  thoughts  are  at  once  directed  to 
the  catastrophe  which  occurred  in  the 
year  1666,  which  is  otherwise  correctly 
described  as  "  The  Great  Fire."  But 
"The  Fire  of  Southwark"  was  one  I 
Iiad  not  heard  of,  when  I  met  with  the 
following  passage  in  the  Diary  (or 
rather  Common-place  Book)  of  the 
Rev.  John  Ward,  published  a  few 
months  ago. 

"  Groves  and  his  Irish  ruffians  burnt 
SoQthwerk,  and  had  1000  pounds  for  their 
pains,  said  the  narrative  of  Bedloe.  Gif- 
ford,  a  Jesuite,  had  the  management  of  the 
fire.  The  26  of  May,  1676,  was  the 
dismal  fire  of  Southwerk.  The  fire  be- 
gunne  att  one  Mr.  Welsh,  an  oilman,  neer 
St.  Margaret  Hill,  betwixt  the  George  and 
Talbot  Inaes,  as  Bedloe,  in  his  narrative, 
relates." 

On  reading  this  passage,  I  turned  to 
the  historians  of  the  metropolis,  ex- 
pecting to  6nd  this  calamity  duly  re- 
corded ;  but  I  did  not  find  that  to  be 
the  case.  Whether  their  sympathies 
had  been  wholly  absorbed  by  the  Great 
Fire  of  1666— or  whether  they  deemed 
Southwark  not  within  their  province,— 
or  whether  (which  is  most  probable) 
this  event  reallv  escaped  the  notice  of 
Strype,  who,  1  believe,  was  the  first 
London  historian  of  any  note  after  its 
occurrence, — in  either  case  they  keep 
a  total  silence ;  and  the  only  notice  of 
the  event  that  has  been  found  in  anv 
modern  publication  is  a  brief  paragraph 
in  Manning  and  Bray's  History  of 
Surrey,  iii.  549  (and  thence  transferred 
to  the  recent  History  of  London  by 
T.  Allen)  to  the  following  effect : — 


"  A  fire,  which  broke  out  26  May, 
1676,  burnt  the  Town  Hall  and  a  great 
part  of  the  town,  in  consequence  of 
which  an  Act  of  Parliament  was  passed 
erecting  a  Judicature*  concerning  dif- 
ferences touching  houses  so  burnt  and 
demolished  ;"  the  provisions  of  which 
act  (formed  on  the  model  of  the  Lon- 
don Fire  Act)  are  then  described,  but 
no  account  is  given  of  the  fire  itself. 

Having  made  this  investigation  I  now 
beg  to  supply  such  particulars  as  I  have 
been  able  to  glean  from  contemporary 
publications.  And  first  from  the  Lon- 
don Gazette,  Numb.  1098. 

"  London,  May  27.  Yesterday,  about 
four  in  the  morning,  broke  out  a  most  la- 
mentable fire,  in  the  Burrough  of  Souths 
work,  and  continued  with  much  violence 
all  that  day,  and  part  of  the  night  follow- 
ing, notwithstanding  all  the  care  and  en- 
deavors that  were  used  by  bis  Grace  the 
Duke  of  Monmoutkf  the  Earl  of  Craven, 
and  the  Lord  Mayor,  to  quench  the  same, 
as  well  by  blowing  up  of  nouses  as  other- 
ways  ;  His  Miyesty,  accompanied  with 
his  Royal  Highness,  in  a  tender  sence  of 
this  sad  calamity,  being  pleased  to  go  done 
(»iej  to  the  Bridge-foot,  in  his  Barge,  to 
give  such  orders  his  Migesty  found  fit  for 
the  putting  a  stop  to  it ;  which  through  the 
mercy  of  God  was  finally  effected,  after 
that  about  600  houses  had  been  burnt  and 
blown  up." 

The  next  quotation  is  from  Bedloe't 
Narrative,t  the  publication  referred  to 
by  Mr.  Ward  :— 

**  Several  other  attempts  were  made  on 
Southwark,  but  without  any  considerable 
effect,  until  the  26th  of  May  1676,  and 
then  they  fatally  acoomplisht  their  design, 
setting  fire  to  the  house  of  one  Mr.  Welsh 
an  oylman,  situate  near  St  Margaret's 
Hill,  between  the  George  and  Talbot  Inns» 


*  The  decrees  of  this  court  of  judicature  are  preserved  at  the  office  of  the  Town 
Clerk  of  London.  They  relate  only  to  such  property  as  was  the  subject  of  any  dif- 
ference between  landlord  and  tenant  or  neighbour  and  neighbour,  and  direct  the  sur- 
render or  extension  of  leases,  reduction  of  rents,  exchange  of  intermixed  property,  and 
other  arrangements  for  rebuilding  the  houses  destroyed  by  the  fire.  The  extent  of  the 
destruction  cannot  be  accurately  ascertained  from  these  records,  but  they  show  that 
the  ravages  of  the  fire  extended  to  both  sides  of  the  High  Street  northwanis  from  St. 
Margaret's  Hill,  Compter  Street,  (so  called  from  the  Borough  Compter  which  then 
stood  there,)  Three  Crowns  Square,  Foul  Lane  (now  called  York  Street),  and  oo 
the  north  side  of  St.  Saviour's  Churchyard  into  Montagu  Close,  where  a  bouse 
belonging  to  Mr.  Overman  was  blown  up  in  order  to  stop  its  progress.  Besides  the 
Town  Hall  and  Compter,  the  Three  Tuns,  Talbot,  George,  White  Hart,  and  King's 
Head  Inns  were  involved  in  the  destruction.  It  appears  fh>m  the  records  that  tha 
George  Inn  had  been  previously  in  great  part  burnt  and  demolished  by  a  violent  firv 
which  happened  in  Southwark  in  1670. — 6.  R.  C. 

t  Narrative  and  Impartial  Discovery  of  the  Horrid  Popish  Plot ;  carried  on  for  th« 
Burning  and  Dcstroving  the  Cities  of  London  and  Westminster,  with  thdr  Suburbs, 
&r.     By  Capt.  WiUiam  Bedloe.  fol.  1^9,  p.  18. 


360 


Southwark  Town-hall. — Common  Seal  of  Penrith,         CApriii 

''  Combuitum  an,  1676.  Reeii^lemtm 
annia  1685  el  1686.'* 

In  Concanen  and  Morgan's  Hittor 
of  the  Parish  of  St.  Savioar's,  p.  6S 
it  is  mentioned  that  when  the  Hal< 
erected  after  the  fire,  was  palled  dowi 
in  1793,  the  royal  statue  aboTe  men 
tioned  was  set  np  on  the  Watchhous 
in  Three  Crowns  Square,  on  whid 
some  wit  wrote — 

*^  Justice  and  Charles  have  left  the  HiD, 

The  City  claim' d  their  place  ; 
Justice  resides  at  Dick  West's  still ;  X 

But  mark  poor  Charles's  case — 
Justice  y  secure  from  wind  and  weather* 

Now  keeps  the  tavern  score  ; 
While  Charley,  turned  out  altogether, 

Stands  at  the  Watchhouse  door." 

This  Watchhouse,  I  am  informed 
was  taken  down  a  few  years  since 
when  the  statue  was  removed  to  tb 
garden  of  Mr.  Edmonds,  the  snrveyo: 
to  the  Commissioners  of  PaTements,  a 
Walworth ;  and  there  it  still  exists. 
Yours,  &c.     J.  G.  N. 


which  broke  out  about  four  of  the  clock  in 
the  morning,  and  was  carried  on  with  that 
art  and  yiolence  that  it  consumed  5(N) 
dwelling  houses  or  upwards,  many  stately 
Inns,  the.  Meal  market,  the  Prison  of  the 
Compter,  &c.  The  whole  loss,  as  to  what 
was  actually  destroyed,  was  modestly  com- 
puted to  be  between  eighty  and  one  hun- 
dred thousand  pounds,  besides  damage  to 
the  inhabitants  by  loss  and  interruption  of 
their  trade.  St.  Thomas's  Hospital  was 
happily  preserved,  chiefly  by  means  of  a 
new  invented  engine  for  conveying  of 
water." 

Bedloe  proceeds  to  affirm  that  one 
John  Groves,  recently  executed,  had 
confessed  that  he  was  chiefly  concerned 
in  contriving  this  fire,  together  with 
three  Irishmen,  procured  by  Doctor 
Fogarthy  ;  and  that  for  this  service  the 
Popish  Society  (Richard  Strange  then 
being  Provincial)  had  given  a  thousand 
pounds,  viz.  4002.  to  Groves,  and  200/. 
a  piece  to  the  three  Irishmen. 

in  another  publication  *  of  the  next 
year  the  same  story  is  thus  repeated. 

''The  next  considerable  fire  was  that 
in  Southwark,  which  happened  in  the  year 
1676.  This  fire  was  begun  by  one  John 
Groves,  who  had  several  fire  works  made 
for  that  purpose,  and  three  Irishmen  that 
were  his  assistants.  So  prosperous  in 
their  villainy,  that  they  set  an  oyl  shop, 
near  St.  Margaret's  Hill,  on  fire.  For 
which  noble  act  the  said  Groves  had 
400/.  and  the  three  Irishmen  200/.  a  piece 
paid  them  by  the  Jesuit  here  in  London 
that  set  them  on  work.  However,  the 
Jesuits  were  no  losers  by  the  bargain,  for 
by  the  dexterity  of  their  plundering  emis- 
saries they  got  no  less  than  2000/.  ster- 
ling by  that  desolation." 

The  Town-hall  of  Southwark,t 
which  was  involved  in  the  destruction, 
was  not  rebuilt  for  ten  years  after. 
The  front  (of  which  a  view  is  pre- 
served in  Wilkinson's  Londina  Illus- 
trata,)  was  then  adorned  with  a  statue 
of  King  Charles  the  Second,  beneath 
which  was  an  inscription  beginning  : — 


Mr.  Urban,  CariUle,  Feb,  1 1 . 

I  shall  be  much  obliged  to  yon  or  any  o 
your  readers  if  you  would  inform  mn 
whether  any  towns,  not  corporate,  had  i 
Common  Seal.  The  town  of  PeDrith,  ii 
Cumberland,  is  not  known  to  have  ere 
had  a  corporation,  and  yet  it  appears  U 
have  possessed  a  common  sesl.  This  sesi 
which  is  of  brass  and  about  8|  indies  ii 
diameter,  was  found  a  few  years  since  ii 
digging  out  an  old  hedge,  near  BrampCoi 
in  the  same  county.  It  is  supposed  U 
have  been  lost  by  the  Soots  when  retsrB< 
ing  from  one  of  their  predatory  ezcarsiooi 
in  Cumberland.  The  seal  is  now  in  tb 
possession  of  Mr.  Bell  of  IrthiDgton.  Tht 
inscription  is : — Sigillvm  CbsifiMnie  VUl^ 
de  Penreihf  surrounding  a  cross  of  St 
Andrew  (to  whom  the  church  is  dedicated,' 
the  spaces  between  the  limbs  of  which  an 
filled  up  with  ornaments  resemUing  qm- 
trefoils  and  trefoils. 

Yours,  &c.   S.  Jarpxaaov. 


*  *'  A  Compendious  History  of  the  most  remarkable  passages  of  the  Isst  14 
years,  with  an  Account  of  the  Plot  as  it  was  carried  on,  both  before  and  aftsr  ^ 
Fire  of  London,  to  this  present  time.     London,  1680." 

t  The  Town  Hall  and  Compter,  which  were  burnt,  appear  to  have  been  part  of  tfM 
Church  of  St.  Margaret,  which  was  granted  to  John  Pope  Oct  3,  1545.  The  CoMptet 
was  demised  by  the  Corporation  to  Wm.  £yre.  High  Bailiff  of  Southwsrk,  hy  Isssi 
dated  35th  Oct.  1664,  for  ninety-nine  years  if  he  should  so  long  live  and  coalimi 
Bailiff  of  Southwark,  at  a  rent  of  50/.  per  annum,  which  lease  was  surrendered  m  par- 
suancc  of  a  decree  of  the  Court  of  Judicature  after  the  fire,  and  a  new  Coupler  MBl 
in  Mill  Lane,  Tooley  Street,  where  it  now  is. — G.  R,  C. 

t  In  allusion  to  a  figure  of  Justice  which  supported  the  Lord  Msyot's  dialr  in  thi 
Town  Hall,  and  was  purchased  by  Mr.  West  of  the  Three  Crowns  Coflse«hoaaay 
placed  as  an  ornament  at  his  bar. 
3 


1 840.] 


The  Hisfory  of  Nour-Makai. 


361 


BIRTH,    MARRIAGB,  AND  AOVBNTURB8 
OF  NOUR-MAHAL. 

[Taken  from  the  *'  Histoire  de  I'Inde/* 
by  M.  de  Marl^  Appendix,  No.  8.] 

EVERYTHING  •  coDceroing  this 
celebrated  favourite  of  Jehaogaire  is 
8o  extraordinary,  that  in  reading  the 
history  of  her  life  we  seem  to  be  pe- 
rusing a  Persian  tale.  The  reader, 
perhaps,  will  not  be  displeased  to  be 
informed  of  its  principal  features. 

Shaja-Ayas,  her  father,  belonged  to 
an  old  but  a  poor  family  in  Eastern 
Tartary.  He  had  married  from  choice 
a  young  woman  who  was  no  richer 
than  himself.  At  first  the  young  pair 
did  not  feel  their  privations,  but  this 
pleasing  illusion  did  not  last  long. 
Being  utterly  destitute,  they  tum^ 
their  thoughts  toward  India,  the  ordi- 
nary resource  of  such  Tartars  as  wish 
to  make  their  fortune.  They  set  oot 
without  delay ;  their  whole  property 
consisting  of  a  bad  horse  and  some 
money,  the  produce  of  the  sale  of  a 
few  moveables.  The  wife,  who  was 
5wme  months  pregnant,  travelled  on 
the  horse  with  the  provisions,  while 
Shnja  walked  behind.  As  they  could 
only  make  very  short  journeys  ;  their 
money  was  soon  exhausted,  and  they 
found  themselves  altogether  withoat 
resources,  when  they  arrived  at  the 
border  of  the  great  desert  which  sepa- 
rates Tartary  from  Cabnl. 

As  they  entered  on  this  wild  wilder- 
ness they  felt  some  irresolution,  bat 
thev  considered  that  it  would  be  ho- 
miliating  to  retrace  their  steps,  to  re- 
turn to  their  own  country  still  poorer 
than  when  they  left  it,  and  plunged 
into  the  desert.  The  fatigues  which 
they  had  to  endure  were  innumerable ; 
the  want  of  food  for  three  whole  dars 
had  exhausted  their  strength.  The 
wife  could  hardly  keep  herself  on 
horseback,  the  husband  dragged  him- 
self along  and  could  not  get  on ;  the 
heat  was  overpowering,  they  stopped 
at  the  foot  of  a  solitary  tiee,  which 
they  fortunately  found,  and  which 
yielded  them  a  little  coolness  and 
shade;  but  the  wife  had  no  sooner 
alighted  from  the  horse  than  she  was 
taken  with  the  pains  of  labour ;  in  a 
few  moments  a  little  ^irl  was  bom. 

They  waited  in  this  spot  for  some 
hours,  in  the  hope  of  travellers  passing 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII. 


by ;  but  nobody  appeared,  and  as  the 
sun  began  to  decline  thev  thought  of 
setting  out  again,  to  reacn  the  nearest 
caravanserai.  The  fear  of  becoming  a 
prey  to  the  tigers  appeared  to  supply 
them  with  a  little  strength ;  never- 
theless, it  was  not  without  ^^reat  diffi- 
culty that  Shaja  succeeded  m  placing 
hiswifeon  the  horse;  but  invaih  did  she 
try  to  take  her  infant  in  her  arms,  she 
was  so  weak  that  she  let  it  fall.  Her 
husband  in  turn  made  unavailing  at- 
tempts to  carry  it  in  his  own ;  he  could 
not  walk  a  step  without  sinking. 

Still  the  sun  was  descending  toward 
the  horizon ;  night  was  nearly  coming 
upon  them  in  this  dismal  place ;  it  was 
necessary  to  depart  without  delay,  or 
to  make  up  their  minds  to  perish. 
After  painful  conflicts  between  the 
growing  tenderness  for  their  child, 
and  the  hard  necessity  which  com- 
pelled them  to  abandon  it,  Shija  made 
a  bed  of  leaves  at  the  foot  of  the  tree, 
placed  his  daughter  there,  and,  com- 
mending her  to  Providence,  set  oat 
again  with  his  wife,  all  in  tears.  They 
had  not  gone  a  quarter  of  a  league, 
when,  overcome  with  grief,  she  fell  off 
the  horse,  exclaiming,  "  My  child !  my 
child  I "  The  unfortunate  Shiya  found 
in  his  love  for  her  a  moment  of  enercy 
which  recalled  his  exhausted  strengu. 
He  helped  her  up,  comforted  her,  and 
promised  to  bring  back  her  child,  and 
went  to  look  for  her.  As  he  approach- 
ed the  mournful  tree,  his  reatless  eyct 
were  looking  out  for  the  cradle  of 
leaves.  The  first  object  which  strack 
his  sight  was  an  enormooa  serpent; 
which,  with  the  long  folds  of  hb  tail 
was  pressing  the  limbs  of  the  child. 
Shaja  uttered  cries  of  terror  and  dread ; 
nature  made  a  new  effort  for  him, 
lending  him  a  vigour  equal  to  his  lovo 
for  his  child,  and  he  advanced  with  a 
rapid  pace.  The  frightful  reptile, 
scared  by  the  voice  of  Shija,  went 
back  into  a  hole  of  the  tree,  which 
served  him  for  a  retreat.  Shi^  shed- 
ding tears  of  tenderness  and  Joy,  took 
up  the  child  unhurt,  raised  his  eyes  to 
Heaven  in  thanks,  and  hastened  to  re- 
join his  wife,  to  whom  be  related  what 
had  passed.  At  that  moment  the  noise 
of  several  horses  was  heard ;  it  was 
some  travellers  who  were  going  to 
Multao.  Shaja  and  hb  wife  received 
help  from  them  which  restored  them 

3A 


362 


The  History  of  Nour-Mdhal, 


[April, 


to  life ;  and  thus  they  arrived  happily 
at  Lahore*  where  the  emperor  Akhar 
was  then  holding  his  court. 

An  omrah,  named  Azof- khan,  a  dis- 
tant relative  of  Sbaja,  received  him 
kindly,  and  made  him  his  secretary. 
The  Tartar  shewed  abilities  which 
placed  him  far  above  a  subordinate 
employment;  Azof  presented  him  to 
the  emperor,  who,  being  quick  at  dis- 
cerning merit,  gave  him  a  command. 
Shaja  conducted  himself  so  well  in  his 
post  that,  having  attracted  his  master's 
attention,  he  was  not  slow  in  rising  to 
the  highest  employments  ;  he  became 
at  length  actimad-ul'dowla,  or  grand 
treasurer  of  the  empire.  As  he  did  not 
abuse  either  his  credit  or  his  fortune, 
he  made  himself  friends  and  acquired 
political  importance.  His  daughter, 
who  was  abundantly  gifted  with  per- 
sonal charms,  received  through  his 
care  the  most  finished  education.  She 
obtained  the  name  of  Mher-ul-NiBsa 
(sun  of  women) ;  in  fact,  she  might  be 
regarded  as  the  ornament  and  praise 
of  her  sex,  both  for  her  beauty  and  for 
her  various  talents  and  her  intelligence. 
As  for  her  disposition,  it  was  proud, 
and  jealous  of  independence ;  her 
humour  was  lively  and  fickle. 

Prince  Selim,  the  eldest  son  of 
Akbar,  and  already  designated  as  his 
successor  to  the  empire,  went  one  day 
to  see  the  grand  treasurer,  who,  to 
honour  his  noble  guest,  lavished  at- 
tentions and  festivities  upon  him. 
After  the  banquet,  when  all  the  guests 
were  retired,  except  the  prince,  wine 
and  goblets  were  brought,  and  the 
women  of  the  haram  came  to  perform 
songs  and  dances.  Among  them  was 
Mher-ui-Nissa;  she  could  not  see  the 
prince  without  feeling  a  wish  to  engage 
his  affections,  and  she  succeeded  but 
too  well.  She  sang  several  airs,  ac- 
companying herself  with  various  in- 
struments, and  then  performed  a  fas- 
cinating dance  before  him.  The  prince 
was  transported ;  he  burned  to  see  the 
features  of  the  person  who  had  excited 
such  emotions;  he  imagined,  he  sup- 
posed that  she  must  be  as  handsome 
as  her  figure,  her  manner,  and  her 
steps  appeared  enchanting.  What 
would  he  not  have  given  to  raise  the 
tiresome  veil  which  concealed  from  him 
a  face  of  doubtless  celestial  be»<*^  ■ 

Mher-ul-Nissa  observed  * 


and  read  in  his  eyes  the  fbeliDga 
possessed  him.  At  a  moment  whe 
hb  impassioned  looka  were  filed  apo 
her,  her  veil  slipped^  and  fell  ol 
Mher-ul-Nissa  then  appeared  in  d 
the  brilliancy  of  her  charms.  Sh 
remained  in  appearance  amaied  an 
confused  at  an  accident  which  dii 
covered  her  features  to  the  eye  of ; 
stranger;  her  own,  disconcerted  an 
trembling,  lifted  itself  timidly  on  th 
prince,  and  succeeded  in  carrying  agi 
tation  to  his  heart.  The  love-etnckei 
Selim  did  not  conceal  from  the  grand 
treasurer  the  impression  he  had  re 
ceived ;  but  Shaja  had  promised  hi 
daughter  to  the  ororah  Shece-Afknn 
and  resisted  the  prince's  entreatiei 
Selim  then  addressed  himself  to  th( 
emperor.  Akbar  would  not  force  hii 
minister  to  break  hit  word,  and  h( 
forbade  Selim  to  think  any  more  of  ai 
impossible  union.  Mner-al-Nisa 
became  the  wife  of  Shere.  He  was  i 
Turkoman,  proud  of  his  extraction 
of  his  exploits,  and  his  repntatioo 
He  had  spent  a  part  of  his  youth  ii 
the  service  of  the  king  of  Persia,  am 
had  distinguished  himself  therein  b] 
extraordinary  courage.  His  renowi 
had  increased  since  his  uriTal  ii 
India,  and  he  passed  without  contra 
diction  for  the  bravest  oflicer  in  th 
army. 

Fearing  for  his  wife,  Shere  retire 
into  Bengal,  where  he  was  goTemor  c 
the  district  of  Burdwan,  and  whil 
Akbar  lived  he  enjoyed  some  repose 
but  scarcely  had  Selim  ascended  th 
throne,  under  the  name  of  Jehangnin 
when  Shere  was  summoned  to  Selhi 
As  the  emperor  received  him  kindly 
and  even  granted  him  some  new  dis 
tinctions,  he  flattered  himself  the 
Mher-ul-Nissa  was  forgotten.  H 
was  mistaken.  Jehanguire  only  though 
how  to  obtain  his  charmer;  hat  hi 
secret  was  only  known  to  a  few  per 
sons,  and  Shere  might  not  be  awar 
of  it. 

The  emperor  set  out  for  the  chase 
and,  according  to  Asiatic  usage,  wa 
accompanied  by  all  his  omrahs,  and  i 
considerable  number  of  officers,  sol 
diers  and  servants.  An  enormoa 
tiger,  roused  by  the  huntsmen. 


toward  the  spot  where  the  cmwro 


happened  to  be,  Shere  being 

''Is  there  any  one  among  jtm  (hI 


1840.] 


The  History  of  Nour-Mahal 


363 


Jehanguire)  who  is  bold  enough  to 
attack  this  monster  alone?"  Every 
eye  was  turned  on  Shere  ;  but  he,  who 
perhaps  suspected  the  intentions  of  his 
master,  made  no  answer.  Three 
umrahs  then  presented  themselves  to 
Jclianguire,  to  solicit  the  honour  of 
the  enterprise.  The  pride  of  Shere 
was  stirred  ;  he  no  longer  considered 
the  secret  design  of  the  emperor,  and 
mindful  only  of  glory,  he  offered  to 
engage  with  the  tiger,  close  and  un- 
armed. Jehanguire  made  a  feigned 
effort  to  prevent  him  from  exposing 
himself  to  the  dangerous  conflict ; 
but  Shere,  hurling  his  sword,*  went 
up  to  the  tiger,  attacked  him,  van- 
quished and  slew  him. 

Nut  long  after  his  escape  from  this 
danger,  Shere  had  to  defend  himself 
against  an  elephant,  who  was  let  loose 
upon  him  in  a  very  narrow  street, 
through  which  he  was  passing  in  his 
palanquin.  The  emperor  was  at  a 
window,  and  had  the  mortification  to 
see  Shere  victorious  again.  Unable 
any  longer  to  conceal  his  conviction 
that  his  life  was  sought,  he  set  out  for 
his  fortress  at  Burdwan.  The  emperor 
dared  not  detain  him  ;  but  the  Soubah 
of  Bengal,  Cuttub,  who  was  in  his 
confidence,  determined  to  use  every 
attempt  to  rid  him  of  this  troublesome 
rival.  Forty  soldiers,  gained  over  by 
the  Soubah,  undertook  to  murder  the 
husband  of  Mher-ul-Nissa;  they  sucr 
coeded  in  getting  into  his  house,  and 
tvcn  into  his  chamber,  where  they 
found  him  asleep.  One  of  them,  when 
the  others  were  preparing  to  strike  him, 
exclaimed  with  a  loud  voice,  **  What ! 
are  you  not  ashamed  ?  forty  to  a  man 
asleep!  Awaken  him  rather."  In 
fact  Shere  woke  up,  snatched  his  sword, 
slew  several  of  these  assassins,  and  put 
the  others  to  flight.  The  man  whose 
voice  had  aroused  him  from  sleep  re- 
ceived an  ample  reward. 

llie  Soubah  was  only  bent  the  more 
on  Shcre's  destruction.  He  bethought 
himself  of  making  the  circuit  of  his 
province,  that  he  might  have  a  plausi- 
ble pretext  for  passing  by  Burdwan, 
without  the  appearance  of  design.  He 
supposed  that  Shere  would  come  out 


*  The  transUtor  is  not  certain  that  he 
haj»  AC4*urately  rendered  the  expression 
jfta  9on  tpie ;  bat  cannot  find  any  ezpla- 
nation  of  it. 


of  the  town  to  receive  him,  and  with 
this  idea  all  was  planned  for  the  ca- 
tastrophe. Shere,  indeed,  came  to 
meet  the  Soubah.  A  man  in  the  suite 
sought  a  quarrel  with  him,  under  the 
pretence  that  he  hindered  their  pass- 
ing ;  Shere,  little  disposed  to  bear  this, 
threatened  to  punish  the  man's  inso- 
lence, and  at  the  same  moment  a  hun- 
dred swords  were  drawn  against  him. 
Shere  saw  the  danger  without  being 
terrified,  and  considered  its  magni- 
tude; he  might  fall,  but  the  traitor 
who  sought  to  sacrifice  him  should 
not  rejoice  in  his  triumph.  Imme- 
diately urging  his  horse  toward  the 
Soubah's  elephant,  he  sprang  on  the 
animal's  hind- quarters,  broke  and 
overturned  the  amari  in  which  Cuttub 
was  inclosed,  and  with  a  back  stroke 
of  his  dreaded  sword  cut  off  his  head. 
He  then  turned  his  fury  against  the 
others,  many  of  whom  fell  under  his 
blows.  The  assassins  were  more  than 
three  hundred,  and  yet  they  were 
afraid  of  him ;  they  drew  off,  formed 
a  circle  around  him,  and  the  musque- 
teers  who  were  mingled  in  their  ranks 
fired  several  shots  at  him.  Shere  soon 
saw  that  all  resistance  would  be  un- 
availing ;  he  felt  that  he  must  perish, 
and  resigned  himself  to  his  fate.  Turn- 
ing himself  toward  Mecca,  he  awaited 
the  deadly  stroke,  and  soon  fell  pierced 
with  several  balls. 

Scarcely  had  Shere  ceased  to  live, 
when  the  Soubah's  lieutenant  went  to 
his  house  and  demanding  admittance 
into  the  haram,  he  informed  Mher-nU 
Nissa  that  her  husband  was  no  more, 
and  that  she  was  to  set  out  for  Delhi. 
This  fickle  woman  saw  only  in  the 
base  assassination  of  her  husband,  an 
accident  which  restored  her  to  her 
former  hopes  of  grandeur  and  eleva- 
tion. She  followed  the  ofllcer  of  Je- 
hanguire with  a  feigned  distress,  and 
when  she  mounted  the  closed  palan- 
quin, which  was  to  remove  her  to  the 
imperial  palace,  she  could  scarcely  re- 
tain her  joy.  She  was  severely  pun- 
ished for  this  culpable  feeling.  Jehan- 
guire refused  to  see  her.  It  is  true 
that  the  mother  of  the  emperor  re- 
ceived her  tenderly,  but  as  for  Jehan- 
guire, whether  another  passion  bad 
possession  of  his  heart,  or  whether  h» 
regarded  Mher-nl-Nissa  as  the  cause 
of  the  death  of  the  Soubah,  to  whom 
he  was  very  partial,  or  whether  he 


364 


The  History  of  Nour^MahaU 


[April, 


suffered  himself  to  be  influenced  by 
some  inexplicable  caprice, — ^he  sternly 
persisted  in  his  refusal,  and  even  as- 
signed to  her  the  worst  apartment  in 
the  haram,  and  appointed  for  her  main- 
tenance a  very  small  sum,  scarcely 
sufficient  to  supply  her  with  necessa- 
ries. 

For  several  days  Mher-ul-Nissa  gave 
herself  over  to  regret  and  anger ;  but 
too  high-minded  as  she  was  to  behave 
in  accordance  with  the  real  cause  of 
her  tears,  she  seemed  to  shed  them  for 
grief  at  the  loss  of  Shere-Afkun.  When 
she  saw  no  change  in  her  condition, 
she  took  courage,  dried  her  tears,  and 
bore  her  fate  with  all  the  appearance 
of  calmness  and  resignation,  awaiting 
everything  from  opportunity  and  time. 
She  well  knew  her  charms,  and  be- 
lieved herself  sure  of  bringing  the  em- 
peror to  her  feet,  if  he  could  only  see 
her,  but  several  months  passed  away 
in  vain  and  tiresome  expectation.   The 
mother  of  Jehanguire,    who  took  her 
part,  could  not  overcome  her  son's  per- 
tinacity, and  at  length  Mher-ul-Nissa 
lost  all  hope.    Then  the  privations  and 
the  constraint  which  she  endured  ap- 
peared harder,  and  wishing  at  least  to 
soften  the  rigour  of  her  confinement 
by  easy  circumstances,    she  applied 
herself  to  working  in  embroidery,  in 
which  she  excelled.    These  works  were 
taken  to  the  apartments  of  the  haram 
by  care  of  the  sultana  mother,  and  sold 
at  high  prices.     Everything  that  came 
from  the  hands  of  Mher-ul-Nissa  was 
in    high    demand,   even   in  the  city, 
where  the  women  of  the  richest  om- 
rahs  sought  them  at  any  price.     Thus 
she  acquired  the  means  of  furnishing 
and  ornamenting  her  apartment,  and 
maintaining  her  slaves  in  considerable 
luxury. 

Every  day  and  everywhere,  Jehan- 
guire heard  speak  of  the  wonderful 
productions  of  the  former  object  of  his 
passion.  It  was  already  four  years 
that  she  had  been  in  the  palace.  More 
than  once,  without  doubt,  in  this  long 
interval,  he  had  restrained  his  impa- 
tience to  see  her.  One  day,  being  no 
longer  able  to  resist  his  secret  wish, 
which,  to  release  himself  in  his  own 
eyes  from  his  resolution  to  avoid  her, 
he  called  in  mere  fancy  to  see  her  em- 
broideries, tapestries,  and  dies,  which 
she  had  made  for  lier  apartment,  he 
suddenly  went  to  visit  her  without  any 


announcement,  or  even  commanicatioii 
of  his  intention  to  any  one.  A  single 
moment  avenged  Mher-nl-NissA  /or 
four  years  of  coldness  and  indifference. 
It  was  now  the  emperor's  turn  to  sue  ; 
rapt  with  astonishment,  transport,  and 
love,  he  conjured  her  to  forget  his  in- 
justice, and  his  outrageons  injuries, 
vowing  to  sacrifice  all  for  her,  and  to 
devote  himself  to  her  for  the  rest  of 
his  life. 

On  the  morrow  Mher-ul-Nissa  be- 
came the  wife  of  Jehang;uire ;  sump- 
tuous feasts,  and  largesses  to  tne 
people  and  soldiery,  announced  the 
reign  of  the  new  favourite.  While 
the  emperor  lived,  she  presenred  the 
same  ascendancy  and  influence  over 
his  disposition  and  heart,  and  never  had 
any  rivals.  An  imperial./!rsMm  changed 
the  name  of  Mher-ul-Nissa  to  that  of 
Nour- Mahal  {Light  of  the  haram)  ; 
Shaja,  her  father,  was  raised  to  the  post 
of  grand-vizir,  and  in  that  eminent 
situation  proved  himself  gifted  with 
every  talent.  The  two  brothers  of 
Nour-Mahal  became  omrahs  of  the 
first  degree ;  one  of  them,  Asaph- Jah, 
succeeded  eventually  to  his  father,  and 
was  one  of  tlie  greatest  ministers  the 
empire  ever  saw  at  the  head  of  the 
government.  All  her  relations  hasten- 
ed  from  Tartary,  as  soon  as  the) 
learned  by  report  that  prosperiti 
had  entered  the  house  of  Snaja,  ani 
received  employments  suitable  to  theii 
merit.  However,  the  elevation  of  the 
father  and  brothers  of  Nour-Mahal 
excited  no  jealousy,  because  they  knen 
how  to  enjoy  it  with  moderation. 

The  foregoing  account  (which  re- 
minds us,  in  its  general  features,  ol 
the  history  of  Edgar  and  Elfrida,)  maj 
admit  of  a  more  favourable  construc- 
tion in  some  particulars.  The  grief  ol 
Mher-ul-Nissa  for  the  loss  of  her  hus- 
band may  have  been  real ;  and  thf 
unwillingness  of  Jehanguire  to  SM 
her,  may  have  arisen  from  a  feeling  ol 
remorse.  Under  this  conviction,  he 
may  laudably  have  preferred  stifling 
his  former  passion,  and  have  left  it  tc 
time  and  future  interviews  to  form  i 
new  one,  which  would  bear  a  mon 
honourable  character. 

Her  elevation  took  place  in  I6l0 
In  1617  she  lost  her  father,  for  whoM 
death  ^he  was  inconsolable,  and  de- 
signed to  raise  a  mausoleum  of  silvci 


1840.] 


On  SaHCiuaries. — St,  lialo. 


365 


to  his  memory.  But  on  hearing  a 
just  remark,  that  this  was  not  the 
way  to  preserve  it  to  posterity  (as  it 
would  be  exposed  to  depredations), 
she  decided  upon  one  of  stone,  which 
still  exists  at  Agra.*  Her  subsequent 
history  is  wound  up  with  that  of  Hin- 
dostan.  During  the  rebellion  of  the 
injured  Mohabet-Khan,  when  she  re- 
paired to  his  camp,  where  the  emperor 
was  detained,  that  officer  (who  re- 
garded her  as  his  inveterate  enemy), 
thought  of  putting  her  to  death,  and 
was  only  dissuaded  by  the  tears  and 
entreaties  of  J  ehanguire.  His  friends 
reproved  him  for  his  generosity,  which 
they  treated  as  weakness,  and  the 
event  justified  their  representations 
too  well,  for  not  long  after  she  sent 
one  of  her  slaves  to  assassinate  him 
in  the  emperor's  apartment.  Jehan- 
guire,  however,  warned  him  of  his 
danger,  and  advised  him  to  seek  his 
safety  in  flight ;  a  price  was  then  set 
upon  hib  head  by  the  vindictive  em- 
press, contrary  to  her  brother  the 
vizir's  wishes.  Mohabet  prevailed 
nn  the  vizir  to  bring  forward  the 
prince  Shah- J  than,  who  had  married 
his  daughter,  as  a  claimant  for  the 
throne,  but  the  sudden  death  of  Je- 
hanguire,  from  an  attack  of  asthma, 
saved  the  nation  from  the  horrors  of  a 
civil  war  (1627).  It  was  not  till  1645 
that  she  followed  him  to  the  tomb. 
"  Too  haughty  (says  the  historian)  to 
appear  at  court  without  aathority, 
power,  and  influence,  she,  who  had 
formerly  governed  the  empire,  had 
shut  herself  up  in  her  palace  at  La- 
hore ;  and  to  impress  others  with  the 
belief  that  this  choice  of  retirement 
was  not  a  concealed  vexation,  the  de- 
voted herself  entirely  to  study.  She 
probably  lived  more  happy  or  less 
agitated/'  (vol.  v.  p.  160.)  She  was 
buried  at  a  place  called  Shah- Dur rah, 
about  two  miles  south  of  Lahore,  near 
the  tomb  of  Jehanguire,  but  without 
any  inscription ;  to  have  composed 
one,  when  her  memory  was  held  in 
little  respect,  would  have  been  a  diffi- 


*  M.  de  Mv\6ut  who  states  this  at  vol. 
T.  p.  101,  says  at  p.  1S6,  that  Shija  is 
buried  at  Lahore.  Both  aooouuts  may  be 
true  ;  for  he  may  have  been  bnried  in  one 
place,  and  a  monument  erected  to  bis 
memory  at  another. 


cult  task.  Beside  her  tomb  is  another, 
nearly  in  ruins,  which  is  said  to  be 
that  of  her  confidential  female  atten- 
dant. Ctowxli. 


Mr.  Urban, 


Fe&.  20. 


I  AM  not  aware  that  any  English, 
or  indeed  any  foreign  writer,  has  in- 
vestigated the  subject  of  Sanctuaries, 
such  as  they  formerly  existed,  at  full 
length.  Nevertheless,  copious  mate- 
rials exist  for  such  an  inquirv,  and 
the  subject  is  connected  with  tne  his- 
tory of  almost  every  country,  during 
the  Middle  Ages.  This  remark  is 
suggested  by  a  circumstance  which 
occurs  in  our  own  history,  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  IV.  That  monarch, 
in  bis  fear  of  Henry  of  Richmond,  en- 
deavoured to  secure  his  person  in  Bre- 
tagne,  under  plausible  pretences  of 
attaching  him  to  his  interests,  by 
giving  him  one  of  his  daughters  in 
marriage.  Francis  H.  Duke  of  Bre- 
tagne,  had  nearly  fallen  into  the 
snare,  when  Cheulet,  one  of  his  coun- 
cil, opened  his  eyes  to  the  treacherous 
intentions  of  Edward*  and  the  Duke 
accordingly  dispatched  his  minister* 
Laodais,  to  prevent  their  taking 
effect.  What  followed,  I  shall  give 
in  the  words  of  Miss  Roberts,  in  her 
History  of  the  Houses  of  York  and 
Lancaster. — "  The  delay  of  an  hour 
would  have  changed  the  destinies  of 
Henry  Tudor,  upon  the  point  of  em- 
barking at  St.  Maloes,  to  meet  a 
doubtful  fate ;  his  voyage  was  arrest- 
ed by  the  joyful  interposition  of  tha 
Duke's  faithful  servant ;  a  stratagem 
was  necessary  to  recover  him  from 
the  grasp  of. Edward:  the  ambassa- 
dors were  secure  of  their  prixe,  and 
Landais  engaged  them  in  conversa- 
tion, whilst  Pembroke  and  Richmond, 
apprised  of  the  Duke's  change  of 
measures,  hattmied  hUo  Saneimarw,  and 
remained  protected  by  the  inviolable 
privileges  of  their  asylum  until  this 
returq  of  Edward's  messengers  to 
England."  Vol.  ii.  p.  151. 

M.  Delaporte,  in  his  Recheidbia 
sur  la  Bretagne,  vol.  i.  has  appropri- 
ately introduced  this  event  into  that 
work.  He  adds,  that  the  ambant 
dors  demanded  the  rcstoralioii  of 
Henry's  person  from  Landais,  but 
that  he  replied    it  was   impossible. 


366 


On  Sanctuaries  in  Bretagne  and  in  England. 


[April, 


"since  the  town  of  St.  Malo  was  a  place 
of  asylum/'  and  that  they  departed 
in  great  anger,  (p.  292.)  And  he  men- 
tions^ that  Conan  III.  of  Bretagne, 
(who  died  in  1148,)  is  said  to  have 
given  the  privilege  to  that  place.  At 
p.  268,  he  enters  more  fully  into  the 
subject :  he  derives  the  institution  of 
sanctuaries  from  the  reign  of  Theodo- 
sius,  and  says  that  it  dates,  March 
23,  431 ;  but  he  omits  to  say,  that 
the  person  meant  was  Theodosius  II. 
In  398,  the  Emperor  Arcadius  had 
enacted,  that  the  (Economi  of  churches 
should  discharge  the  debts  of  such 
creditors  as  the  ecclesiastics  refused 
to  deliver  up.  This  proves  its  anti- 
quity ;  and  in  fact  the  usage  may  be 
traced  up  to  Paganism,  and  even  to 
Judaism,  for  the  cities  of  refuge  were 
sanctuaries  in  cases  of  accidental  ho- 
micide.  In  431,  Theodosius  enacted, 
that  the  churches  should  be  open  to 
persons  who  were  in  danger,  and  that 
these  should  be  safe,  not  only  near 
the  altar,  but  even  in  all  the  buildings 
which  formed  a  part  of  the  church, 
provided  they  entered  unarmed.  This 
law  was  owing  to  the  profanation  of  a 
church  at  Constantinople,  where  a 
number  of  slaves  took  refuge  near  the 
sanctuary,  and  maintained  their  posi- 
tion, by  arms,  for  several  days,  when 
they  slew  themselves.  In  466,  the  Em- 
peror Leo,  by  a  law  dated  the  last  day 
of  February,  forbade  the  forcing  of  per- 
sons away  from  sanctuaries,  or  molest- 
ing the  bishops  or  the  (Economi  for  the 
debts  of  the  fugitives,  for  which  the 
law  of  Arcadius  had  made  the  latter 
responsible ;  Charlemagne,  however, 
ordered  by  the  capitulary  of  779*  that 
criminals  who  deserved  death  should 
not  be  protected  in  the  churches ; 
though  in  that  of  778,  (which  was  in- 
tended for  his  Saxon  subjects,)  he  re- 
cognises the  privilege  of  sanctuaries, 
which  are  to  serve  for  refuge  to  such 
as  seek  it,  nor  are  they  to  be  condemn- 
ed to  death  or  mutilation ;  hence  it 
seems  that  capital  punishment  was 
evaded  by  taking  refuge.  The  pre- 
ceding particulars  are  extracted  from 
Macquer's  Histoire  Ecclesiastiquc, 
a  work  drawn  up  in  annals,  after 
the  model  of  Henaull,  2  vols.  1/57. 
(Anonymous.) 
M.  Delaportc,   with    reference  to 


such  as  existed  in  Bretagne*  renuurb, 
that  "  They  were  places,  whitfaar  per- 
sons withdrew  who  had  commitUd 
crimes,  and  whence  they  could  not 
be  taken  for  punishment  \  their  clothei 
were  marked  with  a  croaa.  Places 
which  were  noted  for  the  residence  or 
the  penitence  of  some  celebrated  saiot, 
were  regarded  as  sanctuaries ;  of  this 
number  was  the  town  of  St.  Bfalo, 
because  it  had  formerly  served  aa  tiw 
retreat  of  several  saints." 

In  Bretagne  these  sanctuaries  were 
called  minihi,  a  term  of  doubtful  ori- 
gin. "  Some  (says  M.  Delaporte,) 
suppose  that  the  etymology  of  this 
'Word  is  mane  hie,  remnin  here ;  others 
say  that  it  comes  from  two  CcUic 
words,  which  signify  monk' 9  komm; 
and  others  derive  it  from  the  Celtic 
minichi,  which  means  immediately." 
(Franchise.)  Le  Gonidec,  in  bii 
Celto-Breton  Dictionary,  182 1 »  spelU 
it  menechi,  and  says,  "  I  have  no  doabt 
that  this  word  is  composed  of  sieaseft, 
the  plural  of  manacn»  monk,  and  of 
/t,  house;  menachi;  therefore,  mut 
mean  originally,  monastery,  house  of 
monks."  He  explains  it  by  aaik, 
franchise,  Ueu  de  rrfnge,  thus  lagreeiog 
with  the  second  and  third  opinions  re* 
lated  by  M.  Delaporte,  whose  first  is 
much  less  probable.  A  few  circnm- 
stances  may  be  added,  concerning 
their  restriction  and  abolition.  The 
Dukes  of  Bretagne  often  complained 
to  the  Pope,  of  the  abuses  which  these 
sanctuaries  caused.  In  1451,  April 
10,  Cardinal  d'Estouteville.  the  pspsl 
legate,  made  a  regulation  by  which 
their  number  was  diminished  in  that 
province.  In  1453,  Pope  Nicholas  V. 
commissioned  the  Abbot  of  Redon  to 
order  the  bishops  of  Bretagne  to  re- 
strict the  rights  of  asylum  to  churches* 
thereby  depriving  monasteries  of  it. 
"  Subsequently  (adds  the  historian) 
they  have  justly  been  suppressed  en* 
tirely." 

Macquer  mentions,  that  a  boll  is 
extant  of  the  year  1488,  by  which  the 
Pope  (Innocent  VI i I.)  restricted  the 
privileges  of  sanctuaries  in  England, 
at  the  request  of  King  Henry  VII. 
"These  privileges  (he  remarks)  had 
been  carried  to  the  greatest  aboie, 
without  considering  that  thus  more 
favour  was  allowed  to  crime  than  nal 


368 


Font  of  St,  Georges,  Soufhwark. — Gothic  lUng. 


[April, 


place  in  the  workhouse  amounting 
nearly  to  the  rebuilding  of  the  struc- 
ture, the  old  font  was  thrown  aside 
among  the  discarded  rubbish  of  the 
building,  as  not  suitable  to  the  dis- 
cipline of  the  new  system ;  and  it 
would  without  doubt  have  been  con- 
signed to  the  repair  of  the  road,  if  a 
gentleman,  who  takes  a  lively  interest 
in  the  history  of  the  parish  (Mr. 
Griffiths)  had  not  by  accident  heard  of 
its  original  use,  and  determined  to 
preserve  it. 

It  would  have  been  creditable  to 
the  parishioners  if  they  had  deem- 
ed it  proper  to  restore  this  ancient 
font  to  its  proper  station  in 
their  parish  church,  again  to  be 
applied  to  the  sacred  purpose  for 
which  it  was  designed  ;  but,  as  they 
did  not  consider  it  worthy  of  their 
attention,  it  is  pleasing  to  find  that  it 
has  been  rescued  from  destruction, 
and  is  likely  to  be  safely  preserved 
by  the  care  of  Mr.  Griffiths. 

It  is  somewhat  extraordinary  that 
the  font  should  be  in  such  good  pre- 
servation after  the  vile  use  to  which  it 
has  been  applied  for  upwards  of  a  cen- 
tury ;  but  it  is  observable  in  this,  as 
well  as  every  ancient  production,  the 
best  materials  were  used,  and  in  con- 
sequence such  works  will  stand  se- 
cure from  the  effects  of  time,  neglect, 
and  ill  usage,  whilst  modern  structures 
formed  within  memory,  are  from  tbe 
unsoundness  of  their  substance  already 
crumbling  into  decay. 

The  general  form  of  this  font  is  oc- 
tagonal, and  from  the  appearance  of  the 
shaft,  which  is  square  at  the  base,  and 
ingeniously  formed  into  an  octagon  by 
mouldings  at  the  angles,  it  had  origi- 
nally, in  addition  to  the  present  mem- 
bers, a  square  plinth.  The  basin 
has  a  panel  in  each  face  inclosing  a 
small  flower,  the  mouldings  are  sim- 
ple, and  less  expense  appears  to  have 
been  bestowed  on  it  than  is  usually 
seen  in  old  works. 

The  date  of  its  construction  may  be 
about  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  The 
church  being  entirely  modern,  and 
little  historical  matter  having  been 
published  concerning  the  old  edifice, 
there  is  no  means  of  ascertaining  the 
exact  date  of  the  font,  but  the  work- 
manship is  not#  earlier  than  the  period 
above  assigned.  The  old  church  under- 
went a  thorough  repair  in  1629»  (New 
View  of  London,  vol.  i.  p.  245,)  but 
4 


the  font  1^  evideDdy  older  ttu  dui 
period.    ' 

On  pulling  down  tbe  andent  ttei^ 
in  1733,  a  fragment  of  ad  inecriptMi 
was  discovered,  which  Is  preecrved  n 
Pegge's  Sylloge,  p.  56,  whidi  appevi 
to  relate  to  the  laying  of  the  fint 
stone  either  of  the  uiareh  or  iteeple; 
but  judging  from  the  engriTing  ii 
the  above  work,  it  was  to  ftr  owii* 
lated  as  to  afford  little  infonnt- 
tion.  Mr.  Pegge  states  that  ht 
received  the  copy  fruin  the  Re?. 
Mr.  Lewis  of  Margate,  and  oopiet 
appear  also  to  have  been  exhibited  is 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  by  Mr. 
Frederick  in  1734,. and  Mr.  AmeiiB 
1737>  and  it  is  also  engrarsd  u  Ar* 
chselogia,  vol.  ii.  pi.  xiii.,  and  illoi* 
trated  by  observations  made  by  Mr. 
Gough.  This  stone  has  not  bcoi  pre- 
served in  the  parish,  and  it  woold  be 
satisfactory  to  know  whether  it  aov 
exists.  E.  I.  C. 


Mr.  Urban,  Oj/oikI,  Fe4. 10. 
A  GOLD  ring  was  found  a  fev 
years  since  in  Rhdsilly  sands,  is 
Glamorganshire,  beariog  two  inscf^ 
tions,  or  poaia,  in  a  lang^nage  hitberts 
supposed  to  exist  only  in  the  IfoBiO* 
Gothic  version  of  tbe  New  TestaasaC 
by  Ulphilas.  But  as  ^e  Westcra  or 
Saracenic  Goths  were  settled  in  Spaia 
for  many  centuries, — say  from  the  5di 
to  the  8th, — we  may  condode  thcv 
carried  their  language  with  them ;  and 
some  of  them  mav  have  crossed  tbe 
seas,  or  passed  through  France  into 
South  Britain.  Certain  it  is,  tbat 
these  inscriptions,  though  perhaps 
from  the  hands  of  a  Gentilizing  Jew, 
are  in  pure  Zumeraet  Goikie,  They 
here  follow : 

1.  ZARA  ZAI  DE  ZBV£L,<< 

See  the  Sun !  "  (On  the  outride.) 

2.  DE  BAL  GVT  GVTTANI,  - 
Sun  (Baal)  is  the  God  of  the  Goths ; 
''  the  God  of  Gods."    This  Istiar 
was  in  the  inside  of  the  ring,  ■»>d 
with  the  Heathen  mythology  of  W< 
Europe.* 

It  should  be  added   tbat  a 
vessel  was  wrecked  about  a 
ago  near  this  8pot.t 

Yours,  dec. ,  J. 


L 


*  See  Hermes  Britamuciis,  te« 
f  But  it  does  not  leem 
such  a  circumstance  sboold  £a«e 
nezion  with  the  history  of  tbe  lii^. 


1840.]         Mr,  Hunter  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakeipeare. 


369 


Mr.  Urban,  March  1*. 

SIR  F.  Madden,  p.  203,  objects  to 
my  having  called  the  new  orthography 
"  unsightly."     1  will  tell  you  why  1  so 
call  it.    It  is  not  that  there  is  any  thing 
really  less  pleasing  to  the  eye  in  the 
combination    of   letters   which  forms 
Shak8j)prp,     than    when    by    another 
combination  we  obtain  Shakespeare.  It 
is  not  that  the  one  is  simply  new.    But 
that    it  exhibits  departure  from  long 
established  practice,  without  any  real 
advantage    being    gained,    and     also 
without,  as  I  conceive,  a  due  conside- 
ration of  all  the  circumstances  which 
ought  to  have  been  taken  into  account 
before  so   violent    an  innovation  was 
made,  and  I  venture  to  add  in  opposi- 
tion to  the  law,  by  which  affairs  of 
this  kind  ought  to  be  determined.     It 
is  "  unsightly,"  because  it  suggests  a 
short  and  sharp  pronunciation,  when 
in  all  our  poetry,  and  there  is  much 
fine  poetry  in  which  the  word  occurs, 
it  muHt  be  read  with  at  least  the  first 
syllable  long  and  grave :  and  it  is  "  un- 
sightly," because  it  carries  with  it  (at 
least  it  does  so  to  me)  an  appearance 
of  exact  knowledge  and  minute  atten- 
tion without  the  reality.     1  am  sure 
that  neither  Sir  F.   Madden  nor  Mr. 
Hrucc  will  interpret  this  in  a  manner 
to  be  inconsistent  with  the  high  respect 
I  bear  thiMn.     To  my  eye,  I  repeat,  it 
comes  like  the  wordn/acor  and  honor, 
which  one  may  sometimes  see;  proofs 
that   the    writer  of   them  has  seen  a 
certain  way  into  the  history  of  the  word 
further  than  the  generality,  and   has 
paid  attention  to  the  principles  which 
determine  our  orthography,  but  that 
be  has  not  seen  far  enough.    And  theie 
are  the  things  which  render  the  word 
to  me  "  unsightly." 

I  have  "(aid  that  there  is  not  an 
adequate  advantage  gained  by  this  dis- 
turbance of  an  ancient  practice.  So 
far  from  it,  I  see  not  the  smallest  ad- 
vantage, and  there  are  certain  positi' «» 
disadvantages,  one  of  which  issugije^t- 
e<l  by  Sir  F.  Nladden  himself,  lie  tells 
us  that  he  "is  in  much  perplexity  liow 
to  write  the  name  of  the  great  Reformer 
of  Lutterworth."  Now  this  arises 
r/ii>//y  from  Mr.  Baber  having  com- 
mitted on  this  name,  that  which  has 
been  committed  on  the  name  of  Shake- 
•^pcare.  There  may  have  been  here  and 
till* re  a  fanciful  or  a  careless  person 

Gk.nt.  Mao.  Vol.  Xlll. 


who  might  write  it  otherwise  ;  but 
the  great  body  of  English  authors  wrote 
the  name  with  unanimity,  }V%ckl\jft, 
till  Mr.  Baber  chose  to  print  the  name 
cut  down  to  Wiclif.  Before  Mr. 
Baber's  edition  of  the  version  of  the 
New  Testament  appeared  with  thu 
name  fVicltf,  no  writer  would  I  think 
have  found  himself  in  any  Btate  of 
perplexity. 

But  in  determining  the  question 
whether  we  shall  continue  to  write 
the  name  Shakespeare,  or  adopt  the 
proposal  to  change  it  for  Shakspert,  it 
is  not  the  sightliness  or  the  unsightli- 
ness  of  either,  or  the  advantage  or  dig* 
advantage  of  the  change  that  ought  to 
determine  us :  but  whether  there  are 
sufficient  reasons  shown  for  the  inno- 
vation. A  habit,  though  persevered  io 
for  two  centuries  and  a  half,  may  be  It 
bad  one,  and  evidence  may  spring  up 
at  the  expiration  of  two  centuries  and  a 
half,  which  may  convict  the  persons 
who  began  and  continued  the  practice; 
of  being  in  error.  This,  and  not  thi 
advantage  or  the  sightliness  of  the  pro* 
posed  change,  I  willingly  admit  to  be 
in  this  instance  the  material  point. 

llie  habit,  however,  of  writing  the 
name  in  the  form  for  which  I  have  of 
late  contended  is  of  very  respectabla 
origin.  The  first  time  in  which,  as  far 
as  our  knowledge  at  present  eitends^ 
that  name  appears  in  print,  it  is  in  the 
form  Shakespeare,  printed  by  the  poet 
himself.  It  would  seem  as  if  this  were 
sufficient  authority  for  all  other  persons 
to  do  the  same.  But  we  are  told  to 
consider  it  a  typographical  error,  or 
a  conceit  of  the  printer.  This  is  tha 
sheerest  conjecture,  and  few  conjec- 
tures can  be  more  improbable.  Tha 
name  of  an  author  is  the  last  word  In 
which  typographical  incorrectness  may 
be  expected  to  appear,  when  tM 
work  is  passed  through  the  press  by 
the  author  himself.  But  obsenre^ 
when  next  the  poet  prints  one  of 
his  works,  we  find  his  name  in  the 
same  orthography.  What  are  tha 
chances  that  a  typographer  will  twica 
blunder  in  the  same  word ;  or  that  a 
typographer  will  force  upon  an  author 
liis  own  fancy  respecting  the  node  in 
which  that  author  shall  print  his  own 
name  ? 

\Vc  begin  therefore  with  the  pott 
himself,  and  from  the  time  when  he 

3B 


370 


IMr,  Hunter  on  the  Orthogrttphy  of  Shakespeare*       [April» 


first  appearetl  as  an  author  there  is  a 
current  of  usage,  and  ifyou  will,  of  testi- 
mony, unbroken  or  nearly  so  until  we 
approach  the  times  in  which  we  our- 
selves have  lived.  It  is  this  concurrence 
of  the  whole  community,  which  con- 
stitutes the  uaagp,  the  authority  to 
which  in  questions  of  this  kind  I 
apprehend  we  ought  to  defer.  Sir 
F.  Madden  alittle  misunderstands  what 
I  mean  by  usage.  I  shall  go  into  the 
point  no  further  than  to  say  that  when  I 
spoke  of  usage  as  the  great  authority 
in  questions  of  orthography.  I  meant 
that  great  Jus  et  Nt/rma  which  deter- 
mines not  this  only  but  all  questions 
of  verbal  propriety,  the  consent  of  the 
cultivated  portions  of  society,  which 
consent  is  not  disturbed  by  the  acci- 
dent of  there  being  a  few  persons  who, 
like  a  celebrated  lawyer,  with  his 
autority,  shall  make  themselves  in  some 
point  exceptions. 

Having  thus  shewn  that  when  first 
the  name  was  presented  to  the  public 
in  the  pages  of  a  printed  book  it  ap- 
peared in  the  form  Shakespeare,  and 
that  this  was  under  the  eye  of  the  poet 
himself,  who,  in  another  work,  per- 
sisted in  presenting  the  name  in  the 
same  orthography,  and  that  therefore 
we  have  what  surely  is  an  authority 
which  on  a  first  view  at  least  ought 
to  be  commanding  ;  I  next  observe,  that 
in  every  book  printed  during  the  poet's 
life-time,  whether  his  own  single  plays, 
in  the  publication  of  any  or  all  of 
which  he  may  or  may  not  have  had 
any  concern,  or  the  writings  of  con- 
temporary poets,  the  name,  if  it  oc- 
cur, with  scarcely  an  exception,  is 
printed  Shakespeare,  and  never  Shak- 
spere.  This  is  surely  a  strong  reason 
why  we  should  so  print  it,  unless  there 
is  some  very  commanding  reason  indeed 
to  determine  us  to  the  other  practice  ; 
and  especially  when  it  is  considered 
that  the  persons  so  printing  it  were, 
many  of  them,  his  own  friends,  and 
all  those  whose  practice  is  justly  to  be 
esteemed  the  practice  or  usage  of  the 
cultivated  persons  of  the  time.  Who 
shall  say  that  Jonson,  or  Jonson's 
master,  Camden,  during  all  their  lives 
mis-wrote  the  name  of  the  friend  at 
least  of  one  of  them  ?  Ought  not  their 
testimony,  or  rather  the  usage  by 
them,  when  it  is  supported  by  the 
usage    of   numberless    other  writers 


of  the  time,  to  leave  withoat  excuse 
those  who  would  depart  from  the 
poet's  own  printed  authority  ? 

Go  then  next  to  the  generation  who 
succeeded  him,  or  rather  to  other  per- 
sons whose  testimony  comes  afler  the 
poet's  death.  Have  we  Shahmere  on 
the  monuments  at  Stratford?  The  name 
is  Shakespeare,  except  on  the  monu- 
ment of  the  poet  himself,  where  it 
is  Shakspeare.  When  Heminge  and 
Condell  published  the  collection  of 
the  plays,  they  were  the  plays  of 
Mr.  William  Shakespeare,  In  the  se- 
cond edition  the  orthography  is  the 
same,  and  so  in  the  third  and  fourth. 
When  Milton  wrote  the  verses  on 
Shakespeare,  his  orthography  is  the 
same,  and  it  is  clear  that  he  meant  the 
name  to  be  so  pronounced : 

*'  What !  needs  my  Shakespeare  for  his 

honoured  bones 
The  labour  of  an  age  in  piled  stones/'  &c. 

From  this  time  for  more  than  a  cen- 
tury onwards,  there  was,  I  believe,  a 
uniform  practice  of  writing  Shake- 
speare, with  or  without  the  final  e,  but 
Shakspere,  I  conceive,  is  never  to  be 
found ;  and  it  so  continued  till  the 
time  of  the  commentators  of  the  last 
age,  to  whom  it  became  known  that  in 
the  parish  register  of  Stratford,  in  the 
records  of  the  corporation  of  that  town, 
and  in  other  written  evidence,  the  name 
appeared  in  a  great  variety  of  ortho- 
graphical forms,  which  is  indeed  the 
case  ;  and  it  being  found  that  in  the 
majority  of  these  forms  the  first  sylla- 
ble wanted  the  e,  and  that  sometimes 
the  form  Shaxpere  was  found,  from 
whence  it  was  inferred  that  the  pro- 
nunciation of  the  first  syllable  was  as 
that  orthography  suggests,  the  e  was 
struck  out,  and  accordingly  in  Reed's, 
Malone's,  and  other  editions,  the 
name  of  the  author  appears  in  the  form 
Shakspeare, 

The  very  diversity  in  which  the 
name  presented  itself  when  seen  in 
wi^itten  documents,  ought  to  have  con- 
vinced them  that  written  documents  of 
that  age  are  not  the  kind  of  anthority 
to  which  an  appeal  in  questiona  of  this 
kind  is  to  be  made.  Every  person  ac- 
quainted with  the  mannscnpt  of  the 
Elizabethan  period  knows  that  there 
is  extreme  licentiousness  and  want  of 
uniformity  in  the   orthography,  and 


1840.]        Mr,  Hunter  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakespeare, 


especially  in  propet  names.     A  set  of 
documents  has  lately  passed  through 
my  hands  of  the  sixteenth    year  of 
Elizabeth,  in  "which  the  name  of  a 
Yorkshire  esquire  is  written   in   five 
several  forms,  Thurgarlande,  Thurger- 
kmde,    Thurgerland,    Thurghnd,    and 
Thnigland,    This  diversity  shews  that 
they  were  committing  themselves  to  a 
very   insufficient   authority,     and    it 
would  have  been,  I  conceive,  to  the 
credit  of  the  critics  of  that  age  if  they 
had  discerned  theunsuitablenessofthe 
toord  written    as   a   guide,   especially 
when  placed  in  opposition  to  the  word 
printed.     They  should  also  have  re- 
membered that  there  are  two  modes  of 
pronouncing  many  words,  surnames 
amongst  the  number,  that  of  the  vulgar 
and  that  of  the  cultivated,  and  that  it 
was  most  probable  that  the  writings  at 
Stratford  presented  what  was  the  pro- 
nunciation of  the    vulgar,    Shaxpere, 
while  the  printed  books  of  the  author 
presented  the  name  as  pronounced  by 
the  author  and  his  friends  of  the  better 
sort.     If  it  had  also  occurred  to  them 
to  look  at  the  poetry  in  which  the  word 
occurs,  they  would  have  seen  at  once 
that  the  Stratford  pronunciation  and 
the  Stratford  orthography  never  could 
have  been  that  by  which  Shakespeare 
was  known  or  could  wish  to  be  known. 
Read  only  the  verses  of  Ben  Jonson, 
or  those  written  in  noble   rivalry   of 
them,  signed   by   the   unappropriated 
letters,  J. M.S.      Could  these  writers 
mean  that  the  name  should  be  pro- 
nounced as  the  new  orthography  sug- 
gests, and  as  the  modern  critics  in- 
tended who  first  struck  out  the  e  from 
the  first  syllable?  Or  read  this  couplet 
of  Digges,  and  see  if  it  is  possible  that 
he  can  have  intended  to  have  the  word 
either  written  or   pronounced   Shak^ 
spere, — 

**  But  why  do  I  dead  Shakespeare's  praise 
recite, 

Some  second  Shakespeare  must  of  Shake- 
speare write.'* 

And  so  of  later  poets.  What  would 
Churchill  say  if  he  knew  that  he  could 
be  supposed  guilty  of  such  an  offence 
against  euphony  as  to  have  written, — 

*'  In  the  first  seat,  in  robe  of  various  dies, 
A  noble  wildness  flashing  from  his  eyes. 
Sat  ShakspereJ** 

But  enough  of  this.  The  innovation, 
however,  found  favour.    When  1  en- 


tered life  ShaJcspeare  was  the  fo 
which  the  name  was  usually   w 
Sir  F.  Madden,  I  doubt  not,  is 
right  when  he  says  that  I  have  m; 
printed  it.     In  fact  I  have  printet 
three  several  forms,  not  thinking 
upon  the  subject  till  roused  by  th< 
posal  of  the  new  novelty  of  Shak. 
and  entering  myself  into  the  coip. 
of  the  professed  critics   on  this  j 
author.     But  I   find  that,  in  a 
work   of  mine  printed  in   1829> 
name  is  uniformly  printed  Shakesp 
It  now  seems  to  me  that  a  s 
ought  to  have  been  made  against 
innovation  of  1 780  or  thereabouts, 
though  this,  as  every  deviation  f 
any  established  practice  is  sure  to 
found  favour  with  many,   yet    th*** 
were  still  a  faithful  few  who  adhered  to 
the  ancient  and  accustomed  practice ; 
and  I  beg  leave  to  name,  as  in  thU 
respect  particularly  deserving  of  ho- 
nour, Mr.  Pickering  and  Mr.  Rodd,  in 
whose  books  the  name  is  1  think,  uni- 
formly found    in   the    original    form 
Shakespeare. 

"  But  the  Poet  himself  wrote  the  name 
Shakspere,  and,  therefore,  we  ought  to 
do  the  same."  This  is  the  main  argu- 
ment on  the  other  side,  and,  therefore, 
it  must  be  fully  considered. 

The  position  which  I  take  here 
is  this  :  (I)  that  there  is  not  sufii* 
cient  evidence  that  he  did  so  uni- 
formly  and  designedly  ;  and,  (2)  that, 
if  there  were,  this  would  not  be  a 
sufficient  reason  for  disturbing  the 
orthography  which  he  used  in  his 
own  printed  works,  which  is  the  form 
in  which  his  contemporaries  exhibit 
the  name,  and  which  till  lately  had 
the  support  of  the  usage  of  all  men  of 
cultivation. 

(1)  There  is  not  sufficient  evidence 
that  he  did  so  uniformly,  or  in  other 
words  that  he  did  not  indulge  himself 
in  that  carelessness  about  the  form 
of  writing  the  name,  of  which  we  find 
so  many  examples.  There  is  very 
much  force  in  the  remark  of  Mr.  Bur- 
gon,  p.  265,  that  there  is  no  proof  of 
what  was  his  practice  in  writing  dur- 
ing the  first  forty-nine  years  of  his 
life,  and  he  died  at  fifty-two.  It  seems 
also  that  two  of  the  alleged  auto- 
graphs of  the  name  are  not  now  to  be 
produced,  and  when  we  consider  what 
tricks  have  been  played  with  Shake- 
speare documents,  and  that  thei'e  are 


372 


Mr,  Hunter  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakespeare.  [April, 


sHll  documents  of  no  small  importance 
OM  connected  with  his  history,  by  many 
deemed  genuine,  which  only  wait  their 
day,yre  must  not  too  readily  acqui- 
esce in  testimony  to  the  reading  of 
instruments  which  cannot  be  pro- 
duced. Mr.  Burgon  suggests  that  the 
signatures  to  the  different  sheets  of 
the  Will  can  hardly  be  counted  as  three 
independent  testimonies.  Yet  these 
five,  together  with  the  autograph  in  the 
Montaigne,  are  all  the  autographs  of 
Shakespeare  that  are  known  to  exist. 
So  that  the  testimony  of  his  own 
hand-writing,  originally  weak,  be- 
comes very  much  attenuated  indeed, 
and  cannot  be  thought,  (at  least  so  it 
seems  to  me,)  sufficiently  strong  to  es- 
tablish an  invariable  practice,  when 
against  it  we  have  to  set  that  in  his 
own  printed  works  he  prints  the  name 
Shakespeare, 

But  on  the  signatures  to  the  Will 
more  is  to  be  said.     I  do  not  doubt 
that  the  name  as  written  in  the  Mon- 
taigne at  the  Museum  is  a  genuine  au- 
tograph.    It  seems  to  me  to  speak  for 
itself,   as    being    of    the    time,    and 
to  be  so  like   the    signatures  to  the 
will,   as  to  deserve    to    be  regarded 
as  the  autograph  of  the   poet.    But 
there  is  no  absolute  proof  that  it  is 
not  the  autograph  of  some  other  Wil- 
liam Sbakspere  of  the  time.     The  sig- 
natures to  the  will  cannot  be  disputed. 
They  are  his  beyond  all  question.     But 
how  is  it,  if  he  was  tenacious  of  that 
mode  of  writing  his  name,  that  he  suf- 
fered the  name  in  the  body  of  the  in- 
strument to  be  written  differently  and 
did  not  correct  it,  when  the  corrections 
in   the  Will   are  so  exceedingly   nu- 
merous ?     1  shall  one  day  shew  how 
much  misread  by  all  who  have  printed 
it,   has  been  one  clause  of  this  well- 
known  document ;  which  I  am  happy 
to  say  has  lately  been   carefully  and 
most   judiciously    repaired,    by    Mr. 
Musset  of  Doctors'  Commons.     But 
the     most    remarkable    circumstance 
respecting  these  three  autographs  re- 
mains to  be  noticed.  It  is,  it  seems,  by 
no  means  certain  that  the   name    is 
written   Shakspere,     I  read   in  your 
last  number,  p.  262,  that  Mr.  Rodd 
and  Mr.  Dyce,  on  the  3rd  of  February 
last,  inspected  the  original  will  with 
a  view  to  the  determination   of  this 
very  question,  and  that  "  after  a  most 
patient  and  minute  examination  of  the 


signatures  by  the  aid  of  a    power* 
ful  magnifying  glass,  they  both  Mt 
perfectly  convinced  that  it  is  written 
in  each  instance,  Shakepeare,  the  eon* 
tested  a  in  the  second  syllable  being, 
in  fact,  as  clear  and  well  defined  as 
any  other  therein."    ThU  announce- 
ment must  have  come  with  a  kind  of 
surprise  upon  the  persons  who  have 
introduced  this  novelty  into  their  works. 
If  then  the  three  signatures  to  the  Will 
depose  to  another  orthography,  then 
there  is  evidence  that  the  poet  wrote  his 
name  diversely,  if  the  name  in  the  Mon- 
taigne be  his,  which  I  would  by  no 
means    be   understood   to    express  a 
doubt  of;  and  therefore  there  is  no 
ground  whatever  for  asserting  that  be 
uniformly  wrote  the  name  according 
as  it  is  now  contended  it  ought  to  be 
printed,   and    as    a  consequence  no 
ground  from  any  usage  of  his  own  for 
disturbing  the  long-accustomed  prac- 
tice. 
But,  (2)  were  there  any  stronger  testi- 
mony than  allowing  it  the  full  force 
which  Sir.  Frederick  Madden,  in  hit  pa- 
per in  the  Archsologia,  gives  to  it,  I 
should  still  contend  that  there  was  not 
in  this  sufficient  ground  for  disturbing 
the  established  practice.     First,  on  ac- 
count of  the  variety  of  forms  in  which  we 
find  the  same  name  written,  and  even 
when  written  by  the  same  person  :  and 
secondly,  on  account  of  the  mnltitude 
of  changes  which  we  must  now  set 
ourselves  resolutely   to   make  in  the 
mode  of  writing  the  names  of  the  men 
of  Shakespeare's  period,  if  their  own 
orthography,  and  not  the  usage  of  the 
cultivated  and  intelligent,  is  to  be  the 
guide. 

But  before  entering  on  this  part  of 
the  subject,  let  us  state  briefly  the  ac- 
count as  it  stands.  Taking  it  first  on 
the  supposition  that  Mr.  Dyce  and 
Mr.  Rodd  have  been  both  mistaken, 
v^'hich  is  hardly  possible,  we  have  then 
the  three  signatures  to  the  several 
sheets  of  the  Will,  the  name  in  the 
Montaigne,  and  the  name  in  the  two 
documents  not  now  to  be  produced  : 
all  it  is  said,  Shakspere :  and  per  con- 
tra, we  have  the  name  as  printed 
by  Shakespeare  himself  in  two  of  his 
works.  Again,  suppose  that  Mr. 
Dyce  and  Mr.  Rodd  have  read  the 
Will  correctly,  then  we  have  three  in- 
stances in  which  the  poet  writes  Uie 
name  Shakspeare,  in  a  docomeDt  of 


1840.]  Mr.  Hunter  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakespeare. 


S73 


indisputable  authenticity,  and  on  the 
other  side  two  signatures  said  to  be 
Shakspere  in  two  instruments  which 
cannot  now  be  inspected,  and  the 
name  in  the  Montaigne.  That  is, 
there  is  no  proof  that  he  wrote  his 
name  uniformly,  but  on  the  contrary, 
proof  that  he  indulged  in  that  licen- 
tiousness which  was  the  fashion  of 
the  age. 

The  rule  which  Sir  F.  Madden  would 
establish  is  very  simple,  very  intelli- 
gible, and  on  a  first  view  seems  to  be 
a  sound  one.     Show  me  how  a  perwn 
irrolp   his  name,  and  I  am  bound  now 
no  to  print  it.   But  I  have  shown  that,  if 
this  irt  a  rule,  the  historical   families 
of  Grey  and  Dudley  must  at  least  in 
a  very  eminent  member  of  them,  ap- 
pear with  their  names  in  a  very  dif- 
ferent orthography  to  that  in  which 
wc  find  them  everywhere  printed.     It 
must  no  longer  be  Lady  Jane  Grey, 
but  Lady  Jane  Gray   or  Grave,  and 
when  she  becomes  a  wife  Lady  Jane 
Duddloy.     I  mentioned  that  name  as 
the  first  which  occurred  to  me.     But 
the  number  is  great  of  historical   per- 
sonages whose  names  must  henceforth 
be  written  differently  from  the  form  in 
which  we  have  been  accustomed    to 
Hce  them,    and  which    their  descen- 
dants use,  if  the  rule  contended  for 
be  good    for  anything.       Sir   Heury 
Cromwell    of    llinchingbroke  for  in- 
stanre,  wrote  in  a  formal  hand  Ilenrpe 
(rumircU;  Sir  Jlcnry  Nevil  of  Berk- 
-hire,  Jtenri  Xprelt ;  and  Sir   Kdward 
Hastings  of  LticeHlcrshire,    hid.  lia^t- 
tyiujes.    'i'he  whole  family  of  the  Saint 
Jolins,  or  at  least  the  more  eminent 
members  of  it,  wrote  the  name  usually 
^fynt  .fohn.     And   what  shall    we  do 
with  the  people  who  took  the  liberty 
of  writing  the  Christian  name  of  John, 
Ikon,  of  which  I  have  seen  Kcveral  in- 
ittances,  and  among  them  ibthatof  John 
Lilly  the  dramatist.     But  I  will  con- 
fine  myself  to  printed  and  publi&hcd 
Mitographn  of  men  of  tlie  time.    If  tlie 
works  of  Shake8|>eare  are  to  appear  as 
llie  Pictorial  Shak»pf»re,  so  in  The  Pic- 
torial History  of  Enylaml,  consistency 
requires  that  when  it  reaches  the  reign 
of  Elizabeth  we  should  find  Philippe 
aidnty,    H.   Leycester,    Penbrokc,    E. 
Clfmton,  Francyi  Enyle/yld,  W.  Hauley, 
vor  some  otlier  of  the  many  orthogra- 
phietf,)  toM  or  Ftilkc  (for  there  arc 
Mb,)  UrttyU  or  QrtM,  for  there  are 


both,  Martin  Frobiser,  and  ArbeUa 
Seymaure.  In  fact,  when  once  exa- 
mined, the  rule  ceases  to  be  a  ruk. 
Under  it  "  Motley  would  be  your  only 
wear.** 

Mr.  Bruce,  p.  164,  in  remarking  on 
the  argument  raised  on  the  signatures 
of  the  family   of  Grey,  states  that  it 
is  of  little  force  because  the  name  be* 
fore   the    time   of    Lady    Jane    waa 
uniformly  written    Grey,    and  Lady 
Jane  only   fell  into  a  feishion  of  the 
time  peculiar  to  persons   of  elevated 
rank,  of  writing  in  new   and   some- 
what   fantastic    orthographies.     But 
with  submission   I   cannot  find  that 
there  was  ever  that  uniformity  which  is 
assumed  in  tlie  mode  of  writing  this 
name.     Long  before  the  days  of  Lady 
Jane,  it  a|)pears  as  Grey,  Gray,  Graye, 
Graa,  and  Cra.    In  fact,  there  never 
was  a  period,  till  the  art  of  printing 
gave  a  degree  of   stability  unknown 
before,  in  which  there  was  any  ap- 
proach to  uniformity  in  the  orthogra- 
phy of  pro|)er  names.    The  indexes  to 
the    Record    books   will    make    thii 
manifest  to  every  one.     Again  this  af- 
fectation, if  affectation  it  were,  waa 
not  |)eculiar  to  persons  of   elevatad 
rank.     Persons  of  far  inferior  dignity 
to  the  familv  of  Grey,  and  approaching 
nearer  to  the  rank  of  the  family   af 
Shakespeare,  often  wrote  their  namee 
in  a  manner  very  different  from  that 
which  U  now  the  universally  received 
orthography.     The   Drydens  of   the 
reii^n  of  Elizabeth  were  Dreydem, 

1  tru<)t,  then,  Mr.  Urban,  that  ithaa 
now  been  shewn  that  there  never  has 
l>oen  any  sufficient  reason  for  disturb- 
ing the  orthography  of  which  the  poet 
himself  in  his  own  printed  works  set  the 
example,  which  was  generally  used 
among  Itis  contemporaries  in  their 
printed  works,  and  which  long  coa^ 
tinned  to  be  the  unvaried  orthography 
of  the  press.  I  must  not  intrude  further 
upon  you,  but  1  beg  again  to  call  at- 
tention to  the  havock  which  roust  he 
made  of  some  cf  our  finest  poetry,  if 
we  are  to  pronounce  the  honoured 
name  of  Shakespeare  in  the  manner 
in  which  both  the  new  orthographies, 
Shaktpeare  and  Shaktpere,  suggest. 
Allow  me,  now,  to  ask  a  question  :^ 
1  low  did  thisname  of  Shakespeare ajri^} 
I'hdt  is,  how  has  it  happened  that  a 
family  became  thus  designated  :  There 
arc  few  names  with  which  it  can  be 


374 


Mr.  Bruce  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakapere,  [April, 


classed :  Breaksppar,  IVagstaff,  Shake- 
shitft,  and  Drawsword,  arc  all  which 
have  occurred  to  mc,  and  it  is  possible 
that  some  or  all  of  them  may  not  really 
be  composed  of  the  elements  of  which 
on  a  first  view  they  appear  to  consist. 
And  again,  what  is  the  earliest  period 
at  which  the  name  is  found  in  Kng- 
land  ?  I  have  not  succeeded  in  tracing 
it  to  an  earlier  period  than  the  close 
of  the  fourteenth  century,  when  1  find 
it  in  Warwickshire. 

The  following  curious  allusion    to 
the  name  is  found  in  Zachary  Bogan's 
additions  to  Rous's  Archaologia  At- 
tica, 5th    edit.    4to.,    1658,    p.  321  : 
"The  custom  first,  nakXeiv,  to  vibrate 
the  spear  before  they  used  it,  was  so 
constantly  kept,  that  *Ey;(«WaXof,  a 
Shake-spcare,  came  at  length  to  be  an 
ordinary  word  both  in    Homer    and 
other  poets  to  signify  a  soldier." 
Yours,  &c.         Joseph  Hunter. 
P.S. — I  was  not  aware  till  I  read 
Mr.  Rodd's  remark,  p.   260,  that    I 
could  have  been    supposed    to    have 
meant     to     intimate    that    he     was 
a  joint-editor  of  the  Pictorial  Shak- 
spere  with  Mr.  Knight.     The  remarks 
on  the  chronology  of  the  pla)*^  prefixed 
to  the  play  of  King  Henry  the  Fifth  are 
said  in  the  book  itself  to  be  a  joint 
work  of  Mr.   Rodd  and  Mr.  Knight. 
1  referred  to  them  to  shew  that  only  a 
few  months  ago  Mr.  Knight  had  pub- 
lished his  opinion,    being    supported 
by  Mr.  Rodd's,  that  the  Tempest  was 
a  late  play ;    while,   as    soon  as  my 
disquisition  appears,  Mr.  Knight  con- 
tends  that  to  the  early  period  to  which 
1  have  referred  it,  Mr.  Coleridge  bad 
long  ago  referred  it   in  an    arrange- 
ment which,  from  the  tone  in  which 
Mr.  Knight   speaks   of  it,   we    must 
suppose  that  he  most  highly  approved. 
Beyond  this  1  know  of  no  connection 
of  Mr.  Rodd's  with  this  work,    nor 
did  I  mean  to  intimate  that  there  was 
any. 


Mr.  Urban, 

THE  orthography  of  Shakspeue  is 
important,  because  it  involves  princi- 
ples which  are  extensively  applicable, 
and  the  proper  application  of  which  is 
a  question  of  some  interest.  I  con- 
tend for  the  affirmative  of  two  propo- 
sitions. 

First ;  That  a  man's  own  mode  of 
(spelling  his  own  name  ought  to  be  fol- 


lowed ;  except  his  practice^  in  tliat  re- 
spect, has  been  continuously  various, 
or  he  has  departed,  without  good 
reason,  from  an  orthography  previously 
well-ascertained. 

And  second ;  That,  as  an  educated 
man  generally  knows  his  own  name, 
the  testimony  of  his  autograph  signa- 
ture is  the  best  evidence  that  can  be 
obtained. 

In  applying  these  rules  to  the  case 
of  Shakspere  I  contend  for  the  uni- 
formity of  the  poet's  signature  tcponol/ 
tfie  occasions  that  have  yet  &em  cKa- 
covered,  1  distinguish  the  latter  clause 
by  italics,  because  it  involves  the  main 
question  raised  by  the  communication 
of  Mr.  Burgon,  inserted  in  your  last 
Magazine.  Mr.  Burgon's  treatment 
of  me  is  very  like  a  manoeuvre  virhich 
is  extremely  common  amongst  contro- 
versialists ;  he  mistakes  my  argument, 
refutes  his  own  mistake,  and  then  fan- 
cies he  has  obtained  a  victory  over  me. 
He  treats  me  as  if  I  were  a  dummy, 
plays  my  game  for  me,  loses  it,  and 
leaves  the  standers-by  to  infer  what  a 
poor  hand  I  am. 
Mr.  Burgon  says, 

**  The  syllogism  on  which  those  who 
advocate  the  adoption  of  Shakspere  pro- 
ceed, is  evidently  this.  The  poet  invaria- 
bly wrote  himself  *  Shakspere/ — names 
are  to  be  spelt  as  their  owners  invariaUy 
spelt  them ;  therefore  '  Shakspeare '  is 
to  be  spelt  Shakspere :  and  this  would  be 
all  very  well,  and  very  conclusivei  ff  it 
were  true ;  i)\it  itis  not  true.  The  premi- 
ses are  unsound  from  which  the  conclasion 
is  drawn.  In  the  first  place  there  is  no 
])roof  that  Shakspeare  invariably  spelt  his 
name  Shakspere^  as  I  will  presently  more 
fully  explain ;  and  in  the  second  place  we 
do  not  spell  names  as  their  owners  inva- 
riably spelt  them." 

If  this  were  really  a  statement  of 
what  I  wrote,  I  know  not  how  I  could 
have  been  sufficiently  grateful  to  Mr. 
Burgon  for  taking  the  trouble  to  put 
my  very  imperfectly  arranged  argu- 
ments into  such  a  pretty,  logical  form ; 
but — fortunately  for  me — J  can  relieve 
myself  from  the  burthen  of  so  much 
gratitude,  as  well  as  from  the  stigma 
of  having  stated  what  "  is  not  true." 

I  began  my  former  communication 
by  referring  to  the  number  of  signa- 
tures of  Shakspere  known  to  have  ex- 
isted— six — and  I  then  stated  <*We 
rest  upon  the  continued  and  consistent 
usage  of  the  great  Bard  liiinaelf,  and 


1 840.]  Mr.  Bruce  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakspere, 


375 


upon  his  unvaried  signature  of  his  own 
name,  vpon  all  the  occasions  that  have 
YET  been  discoi^ered.** 

Now  who  does  not  see  that  when 
Mr.  Burgon  represents  this  as  an  as- 
sertion that  "  the  poet  invariably  " 
wrote  hiraself  "  Shakspere  "  he  over- 
states what  I  wrote  ;  and  when,  after 
commenting  upon  the  six  signatures, 
he  proceeds  with  an  air  of  triumph — 

*♦  Let  me  ask,  what  kind  of  proof  have 
we  here  that  it  was  the  invariable  practice 
of  the  poet  to  write  his  name  Shak8])ere  ? 
We  do  not  possess,  as  far  as  we  know,  a 
single  scratch  of  his  pen  during  the  whole 
of  his  theatrical  career;  namely,  from 
about  1585  to  1613.  In  other  words  there 
exists  no  proof  whatsoever  of  the  as- 
sERTKD  uniformity  of  his  practice  in  this 
particular  during  the  first  forty-nine  years 
of  his  life!!  !  "— 

who,  I  again  ask,  does  not  see  that 
Mr.  Burgon  is  here  refuting  his  own 
mistake,  and  not  my  statement  ?  I  did 
not  assert  that  the  poet's  signature  was 
INVARIABLY  Shokspeve  ;  I  said  nothing 
about  the  first  forty. nine  years  of  his 
life.  My  argument  was — we  know  of 
six  iiignatures — they  are  all  alike — they 
are  the  best  evidence — as  far  as  they 
go  they  evidence  an  uniformity  of  sig- 
nature, and  we  follow  them. 

So  much  for  the  major  of  Mr.  Bur- 
gon's  syllogism  ;  now  for  the  minor. 
He  says  that  I  contend  that  "names 
are  to  be  spelt  as  their  owners  invari- 
ably spelt  them,"  and  his  answer  is, 
that  1  am  wrong  because  "  VVc  do  not 
spell  names  as  their  owners  invariably 
spelt  them."  That  is,  I  have  asserted, 
or  rather  Mr.  Burgon  says  I  have  as- 
serted, that  a  certain  practice  ought  to 
prevail,  and  he  replies  that  I  am  wrong, 
because  it  docs  not  prevail.  This  may 
be  logic — 1  dare  say  it  is  as  Mr.  Bur- 
gon employs  it — it  is  obviously  nothing 

more. 

It  is  quite  clear,  Mr.  Urban,  that  by 
such  means  as  Mr.  Burgon  has  used, 
anvthing  may  be  achieved.  Allow  a 
man  to  state  his  opponent's  argument 
for  him,  and  in  so  doing  to  misstate  it, 
and  to  shew  that  black  is  white,  is 
nothing  to  the  wonders  he  may  accom- 
plish. With  half  the  liberties  which 
Mr.  Burgon  has  taken  with  ray  argu- 
ments, many  an  ingenious  gentleman 
would  have  proved  his  opponent  to  be 
the    man-in-the-moon«    or    a    green 


cheese,  or  anything  else  that  suited 
his  fancy.  I  look  upon  it  as  extremely 
kind  in  Mr.  Burgon  that  under  these 
circumstances  he  has  merely  placed  me 
befoie  your  readers  as  an  assertor  of 
what  "  is  not  true." 

There  must  in  this  matter,  as  well 
as  in  every  thing  else,  be  a  something 
which  is  right,  and,  for  my  own  part, 
I  am  only  anxious  to  discover  that 
something,  and,  when  it  is  discovered, 
to  follow  it.  To  tell  me  that  "  we  do 
not  spell  old  names  as  their  owners 
spelt  them,"  that  "  we  never  inquire 
how  they  were  spelt  by  them — we 
spell  them  as  our  fathers  spelt  them," 
and  so  forth,  is  rather  to  reiterate 
my  objections  than  to  answer  them. 
When  a  practice  is  shewn  to  be  con- 
trary to  reason,  what  sort  of  argument 
is  it  against  a  change,  that  we  are  not 
in  the  habit  of  doing  what  is  right, — 
that  we  follow  our  fathers  and  never 
inquire  ? 

Nor  am  1  at  all  afraid  of  following 
out  anv  rule  which  I  have  ascertained 
to  be  reasonable,  just,  and  applicable. 
It  seems  to  roe  a  very  little  matter  that 
adherence  to  a  good  rule  would  extri- 
cate us  from  confusion  at  the  small 
expense  of  adding  an  /  to  Cecil,*  or 
an  e  to  Mason,  even  if  it  would  do  so, 
which,  at  this  present  time,  I  am  not 
inclined  to  inquire.  When  the  period 
for  making  that  inquiry  arrives,  every 
case  must  be  judged  by  its  own  facts, 
as  to  whether  it  is  within  the  rule  or 
not.  Of  the  instances  adduced  by  Mr. 
Burgon,  many  are  clearly  answered 
by  the  rules  I  have  laid  down,  but 
even  if  that  were  not  bo  I  should  remain 
quite  unterrified  by  any  of  the  con- 
templated consequences.  There  is 
nothing  which  alarms  me  in  CeciU; 
nothing  frightful  in  Mountague ;  no- 
thing unsightly  in  Leycester.  If 
there  were,  I  care  not.  Satisfy  me 
that  they  are  legitimate  consequences 
from  a  rule  which  is  clearly  right,  and 
1  should  adopt  them  without  hesi- 
tation.   

•  ^Tien  Mr.  Burgon  asks—"  What 
would  be  thought  of  a  person  who  chose 
to  spell  Sir  WiUiam  Cecil,  Ctcill  ?**  he 
treats  that  form  of  spelling  the  name  of 
our  great  statesman  as  if  it  were  more  en- 
tirely obsolete  than  it  is.  It  lives  on  the 
title  page  of  llaynes^s  State  Papers  pnb- 
lishea  in  17-10,  and  also  on  that  of  Mar- 
dln*i  Collection  published  in  17^9. 


376 


Mr,  Bruce  on  the  Oriho^raphy  ofShakqtertm 


[April, 


This,  however,  is  not  Mr.  Burgon's 
opinion;  and  he  seems  therefore  to 
have  fancied  that  the  puhlication  of 
his  letter,  and  his  exposure  of  the 
dreadful  consequences  which  he  con- 
ceives likely  to  ensue  from  the  Shak- 
spere  heresy  —  (the  conversion  of 
Cecil  into  Cecill  and  so  forth),  would 
produce  a  great  change  in  our  opi- 
nions. 

*'  I  suspect,  (he  says,)  and  cannot  sup- 
pose I  err  in  suspecting,  that  Mr.  Bruce, 
and  those  who  entertain  the  same  opi- 
nion as  himself,  must  henceforth  adopt 
one  of  the"  three  following  courses ; — 
1st,  return  to  Shakspeare  .  .  .  2ndly, 
stick  to  Shakspere . .  .  orlMly,  be  cousist- 
ent,  and  revolutionise  the  whole  system  of 
orthography  of  proper  names.  The  third 
would  be  an  impracticable,  besides  a  very 
disagreeable  alternative ;  the  second  cari' 
not  be  adopted  without  manifest  incon- 
sistency *  I  therefore  beg  leave  to  recom- 
mend Uie first  alternative." 

Any  recommendation  from  Mr.  Bur- 
goo will  of  course  be  received  with 
due  attention.  As  the  third  of  his 
suspected  results  is  said  to  be  very 
disagreeable,  I  rejoice  to  find  that 
it  is  also  impracticable ;  being  both, 
there  is  no  necessity  to  take  any 
further  notice  of  it.  Why  the  se- 
cond is  inconsistent,  or  with  what 
it  is  inconsistent)  I  do  not  know,  nor 
does  Mr.  Burgon  explain :  italics 
render  a  passage  emphatic,  but  do 
not  necessarily  make  it  clear.  I  am 
most  anxious  to  escape  any  thing 
like  inconsistency ;  and,  if  that  would 
be  the  result,  would  do  every  thing 
in  my  power  to  take  advantage  of  Mr. 
Burgon'a  recommendation — but  let  us 
see  what  he  says  in  favour  of  it.  He 
advises  us  to  lay  aside  our  revolution- 
ary opinions,  and  sink  quietly  down 
into  Shakspeare,  and  he  follows  up  his 
recommendation  by  the  statement  of 
nine  "circumstances,"  which  he  re- 
quests us  to  bear  in  mind. 

Thej5r«/  relates  to  the  autographs, 
and  the  substance  of  it  is — three  of  the 
signatures  are  to  the  will,  they  arc 
considerably  damaged,  and  being  ap  ■ 
pended  to  one  document  are  entitled 
to  only  one  vote ;  two  others  were 
not  clearly  Shakspere,  and  they  have 
disappeared ;  all  the  signatures  to- 
gether  do  not  prove  that  it  was  the 
inranahle  practice  of  the  poet  to  sign 
5 


Shakspere,  1  have  before  shown  that 
I  did  not  say  that  they  proved  any 
thing  of  the  kind,  nor  has  anybody 
else  said  so.  I  contend  that  three 
signatures  are  three  signatures,  whe- 
ther attached  to  a  will,  or  anything 
else.  If  they  arc  not  entitled  to  any 
more  than  one  vote,  then  what  is  the 
meaning  of  all  the  fuss  that  is  made 
about  the  want  of  clearness,  for  it  is 
nothing  more,  in  the  third  of  them  ?  I 
saw  them  a  few  days  ago,  and  I  am 
happy  to  assure  Mr.  Burgon  that  thev 
are  not  "  considerably  damaged. 
The  first  only  is  imperfect;  but,  by 
the  assistance  of  M alone 's/ac-atmt^. 
it  may  still  be  read  very  clearly ;  the 
second  is  plain,  perfect,  and  unques- 
tionable ;  the  third  is  as  complete  as 
ever  it  was,  but  certainly  the  last 
three  letters  are  shaky  and  indistinct. 
If  gentlemen  on  the  other  side  could  6nd 
a  clear  second  a  in  any  one  of  them,  I 
have  no  doubt  they  would  sever  them 
quickly  enough.  They  would  be  hot 
too  happy  to  prove,  in  that  case,  that 
these  signatures  are  entitled  to  more 
than  one  vote ;  and  why  should  thev 
be  entitled  to  less  when  they  tell 
against  them  ? 

As  to  Mr.  Burgon 's  criticism  upon 
the  two  autographs  to  the  deeds,  it 
admits  of  a  short  reply.  It  has  been 
clearly  and  satisfactorily  answered  by 
Sir  Fred.  Madden,  in  his  paper  in  the 
Archscologia,  xxvii.  120.  Mr.  Burgon 
takes  no  notice  of  that  answer.  Why 
is  this?  When  the  brains  are  beaten  ont 
of  an  argument,  why  should  it  not  be 
allowed  to  die  ?  It  is  neither  courteous 
nor  convenient  to  resuscitate  it  if  once 
defunct.  Mr.  Burgon's  remarks  about 
Grpy  and  Gray  are  in  the  same  predi- 
cament. Either  controvert  the  argu- 
ments which  have  been  adduced 
against  those  instances,  or  withdraw 
thcni.  I  should  fancy,  Mr.  Urban, 
that  your  pages  might  be  filled  more 
profitably  than  by  mere  revivifications 
of  arguments  which  have  been  refuted. 

There  is  nothing  here  in  favour  of 
Shakspenrc  :  but  let  ns  pass  on. 

Circumstance  2nd  is,  that  Shakspere's 
name,  placed  under  the  dedications  of 
the  first  editions  of  his  poems,  stands 
"  William  Shakespeare."  This  is  an- 
other resuscitation  ;  a  fact  which  has 
already  been  commented  upon  and 
answered.     But  the  oddity  of  it  is. 


1S40.]  Mr.  Bruce  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakupere. 


377 


that  Mr.  Bargon,  who  recommends 
us  to  adopt  Shdkspfarf,  in  order  to 
avoid  inconsii^tency,  should  direct  our 
attention  to  this  instance  of  a  diflferent 
orthography.  Shakspere's  dedications 
of  his  poems  are  subscribed  Shake- 
speare ;  therefore,  to  avoid  incontU' 
tency,  Mr.  Burgon  recommends  us  not 
to  copy  that  example  !  If  his  name 
subscribed  to  these  dedications  has 
anything  to  do  with  the  question,  why 
does  not  Mr.  Burgon  follow  it  ?  if  not, 
why  does  he  re-recommend  it  to  our 
conbideration,  after  we  have  already 
given  our  reasons  for  not  being  guided 
by  it  ? 

The  3d  circumstance  is,  that  a  single 
autograph  in  the  form  of  Shakspeare 
would  destroy  the  only  argument  ad- 
duced in  favour  of  Shakspere.  I  do 
not  know  that  it  would ;  but  de  non 
fxistentibua  et  non  appareniibta  eiidem 
ett  ratio  is  a  sound  rule  in  law,  and  I 
believe  also  in  logic.  Does  Mr.  Bur- 
gon think  that  we  should  forsake  a 
practice  which  is  consistent  with  what 
we  know,  because  we  may  possibly 
some  day  or  other  find  something  or 
other  that  may  run  counter  to  it  ?  If 
that  is  not  his  meaning,  what  is  it  ? 

The  4th  circumstance  is,  that  it  was 
not  coxcombry  and  affectation,  bat 
indifference,  that  led  men  in  Shak- 
spere's  age  to  spell  their  names  several 
different  ways.  I  cannot  accept  the 
compliment  which,  in  stating  this 
circumstance,  Mr.  Burgon  pays  to  my 
antiquarian  knowledge  at  the  expense 
of  my  honesty.  I  adhere  to  what  I 
have  stated  ;  and  if  I  am  anything  of 
an  antiquary,  which  Mr.  Burgon  is 
polite  enough  to  say  I  am,  I  suppose 
our  assertions  are  upon  a  par. 

The  5th  circumstance  is  Mr.  Bur- 
gon's  home-thrust.  He  says  that  the 
parish-clerk  spelt  the  name  of  the 
poet's  family  in  the  register  Shaktpere 
twenty- seven  times  out  of  thirty; 
but  he  adds  that,  in  1616,  Shakspere's 
l>eloved  daughter  spelt  his  name  on 
hin  monument  as  he  (.Mr.  Burgon) 
spells  it,  Shaktpeart ;  and  that  some- 
body or  other  in  1623  spelt  the  poet*s 
wife's  name  on  her  tomb  Shak^enre, 
and  that  the  same  orthography  occurs 
again  on  the  tomb  of  Dr.  Hall  in 
1635,  and  on  that  of  Shakspere's 
daughter,  Mrs.  Hall,  in  1649.  What 
do  these  alleged  facts  amount  to  ?  I 
read  them   thus : — on  the  one  hand 

Gent*  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


the  parish-clerk, — I  write  the  singular 
upon  the  authority  of  Mr.  Burgoo, 
who  knows,  I  suppose,  that  there  was 
but  one  parish-clerk  from  1558  to 
1623 — the  parish-clerk  wrote  Shak- 
spere twenty-seven  times  out  of  thirty, 
and  the  bard  himself,  I  beg  to  add^ 
wrote  so  upon  every  occasion  that  we 
are  acquainted  with;  on  the  other 
hand  the  bard's-beloved-daughter's- 
stonemason  inscribed  Shaktpeare  on 
the  bard's  monument,  in  161 1 ;  and 
the  bard's-beloved-daughter's-stone- 
mason,  or  somebody  else's  stone- 
mason, inscribed  Shakespeare,  in  1629, 
and  the  same,  or  some  other  stone- 
mason, or  stonemasons,  inscribed  the 
same  in  1635  and  1649.  Shall  we 
then  follow  the  parish -clerk  and  the 
hard,  or  the  stonemasons ;  and,  if  the 
latter,  which  of  them  ?  Mr.  Burgon 
prefers  the  bard's-beloved-daughter'a- 
first- stonemason  : — why,  does  not  ap- 
pear. 

The  6th  circumstance  is,  that  in  the 
first  folio  the  name  is  Shakespeare ; 
therefore,  to  avoid  inconsistency,  Mr. 
Burgon  would  not  have  us  speU  it  in 
that  way. 

The  7th  circumstance  it,  that  it  is 
rather  odd  that  the  printers  did  not 
spell  the  bard's  name  as  he  spelt  it ; 
agreed, — but  that  is  no  reaton  why 
we  should  not.  Mr.  Burgon,  to  avoid 
inconsistency,  would  have  ua  differ 
from  the  bard,  and  also  from  the  ma- 
jority of  the  printers. 

The  8th  circumstance  is,  that  it  ia 
$tiU  more  <h/(/  that  Shakspere'a  frieoda 
did  not  spell  it  as  he  spelt  it.  Per- 
haps so,  but  why  should  not  we  ?  If 
printers,  friends,  notaries,  lawyen^ 
lawyers'-clerks,  and  all  the  othera 
whom  Mr.  Burgon  enumerates,  are  of 
better  authority  than  the  bard  himself, 
they  ought  to  be  followed  ;  but  they 
are  various,  and,  therefore,  they  can- 
not be  followed,  except  we  throw 
aside  all  rule  and  be  wholly  indifferent 
about  the  matter,  as  Mr.  Burgon,  cut- 
ting the  throat  of  his  own  argument, 
tells  us  they  were. 

The  '9th,  the  last,  and  the  odd§§i 
thing  of  all,  is,  that  the  autographs 
should  never  before  have  suggested 
this  controversy.  Like  many  other 
very  odd  things,  all  that  this  assertion 
wants  is  accuracy.  I  refer  Mr.  Bur- 
gon to  your  vols.  lvii.  24,  125,  204, 
478,  480,  and  689,   ux.  494,   lxxii. 

3C 


378 


Mr.  Bruce  on  the  OrthografHiy  tf  Shaktp&e.  [AjMril, 


i.  310,  and  lxxvii.  i.  498,  ii.  98,  for 
proofs  that  this  is  not  a  new  question. 
It  would  seem  from  one  of  those  papers 
that  much  was  then  written  upon  the 
subject  in  various  publications. 

Of   these    nine    circumstances  the 
great  majority  are  mere  resuscitations 
of  defunct  arguments ;  but  admit  them 
all, — printers,  players,  friends,  stone- 
masons,— take  them  all  together,  with 
all  their  varieties  and  contradictions ; 
I  oppose  the  positive,  and,  as  far  as  we 
know,  the  uniform  testimony  of  the 
poet's  hand,  and  am  willing  to  abide  by 
the  decision  of  your  readers  as  to  whe- 
ther the  inconsistent  and  contradictious 
rabblement  do  not  kick  the  beam.  Above 
all, — and  this  is  more  germane  to  the 
matter  with  Mr.    Burgon, — there    is 
not  one  of  them  which,  directly  or  in- 
directly, does  not  contain  an    argu- 
ment  or    a  precedent  against  Shak- 
speare,  the  form  which  that  gentleman 
would  have  us  adopt.     He  must  in- 
deed be  the  most  heroic  of  mankind  ; 
one  who  not  only  holds  by  an  opinion 
in  defiance  of  his  own  arguments,  but 
who  even  seeks  to  make  converts  by 
the  influence  of  facts  which  tell  against 
him.     In  these  days  of  concession  it 
does  one's  heart  good  to  meet  with  a 
specimen  of   such   fine    old    English 
pertinacity.    These  powerful  "nine*' 
prove  Mr.  Burgon  and  the  other  fol- 
lowers of  the  bard's-beloved- daughter's 
-first-stonemason,  to  be  clearly  wrong ; 
and  yet  he  wishes  us  to  follow  him. 
He  cuts  the  ground  from  under  him- 
self, and  would  have  us  accompany 
him  in  his  descent.     If  we  will  not 
join  him  he  will  fall  alone,  for  he  has 
determined  that  he  will  "  always  write 
the  poet's  name  Shakspeare."    Far  be 
it  from  me  to  disturb  the  happy  equa- 
nimity of  his  settled  faith,  nor  indeed 
do  I  think  it  within  my  power  to  do 
so.   If  he  can  resist  his  own  arguments 
he  is  unconquerable. 

Mr.  Burgon  concludes  with  some 
well-meant  advice.  If  we  will  not 
forsake  the  bard  for  his  beloved- 
daughter 's-first-stonemasoD,  Mr.  Bur- 
gon would,  at  least,  have  us  imitate 
his  example.  His  way  of  defending 
Shakspeare  is  by  adducing  proofs  in 
behalf  of  Shakespeare :  he  advises  us 
in  like  manner  to  defend  our  con- 
sistency by  declaring  that  "  we  know 
we  are  inconsistent."    We  are  much 


obliged  to  him,  and  in  return  I  beg  to 
tender  to  him  a  little  of  my  advice. 
I    am   astonished  that  having,  as  it 
appears,  determined — coUte  qui  coite — 
to  adhere  to  Shakspeare,  he  should 
have  taken  upon  himself  to  reply  to 
me.     Gentlemen  of  his  very  decided 
turn  of  mind  should  keep  themselves 
out  of   controversies,   which  are,  or 
ought  to  be,  disputations  carried  on 
for  ,the  purpose  of  arriving  at  truth. 
But  how  can  truth  be  arrived  at  with 
an  opponent  who  meets  you  at   the 
outset  by  a  declaration  that  he  will 
not  alter  his  opinion  ?     Prove  that  he 
has  mistaken  facts, — it  is  no  matter ; 
that  his  arguments  are  overstrained, 
unfounded,    inapplicable,  —  it    is    to 
no  purpose.    He  shakes  his  impene- 
trable  head  with  most  edifying  ob- 
tuseness,  or  files  off  upon  the  wings 
of  some    of  those   extremely  subtle 
distinctions  in  which  gentlemen  delight 
who  argue  for  victory,  and  not  truth. 
A  controversy  to  be  conducted  upon 
such  terms  cannot  be  beneficial,  and, 
with  all    friendliness,    I    advise  Mr. 
Burgon    to  consider  well  before  he 
enters  further  into  it. 

And  having  thus  made  my  bow  to 
Mr.  Burgon,  permit  me  to  add  a  word 
or  two  upon  the  subject  of  the  auto- 
graph signatures  to  the  will.    Since  I 
read  Mr.  Rodd's  letter  in  your  last 
Magazine,  I  have  carefully  examined 
them,  and  I  most  unhesitatingly  and 
emphatically   declare    my    conviction 
that  there  is  not  the  smallest  trace  of 
an  a  in  the  second  syllable  of  the  first 
or  second  signature.    The  third  signa- 
ture is  no  doubt  a  difficult  one ;  but  in 
my  opinion  the  confusion  in   it  arose 
either  from  the  correction  of  an  in- 
cipient mistake  or  from  the  tremulous- 
ness  of  the  writer's  hand.     I  do  not 
think  it  was  intended   for  an  a.     In 
stating  my  opinion  upon  the  first  and 
second    signatures    I    do    it  without 
hesitation,  as  the  first  can  be  made  out 
very  easily,  and  the  second  is  as  clear 
as  can  be.    Upon  the  third  I  speak  with 
more  diffidence.  The  question  to  which 
it  gives  rise   is   one  which  ought  to 
be  determined  upon  the  testimony  of 
men  better  skilled  in  the  handwriting 
of  that  period  than  I  feel  myself  to  be, 
and  even  the  most  skilful  are  not  un- 
likely to  be  misled  by  their  preposses- 
sions.   Sir  Frederick    Madden's  ex* 


1 840.J 


Mr.  Corney  on  the  Autograph  of  Shakspere, 


379 


perience  In  such  matters  adds  infinite    the  orthography  of  the  period.    Now, 


weight  to  his  judgment,  which,  as  you 
know,  has  been  given  with  equal 
clearness  and  candour;  and  I  am 
authorised  to  state,  that  Mr.  Rodd's 
opinion  respecting  the  first  and  second 
signatures  has  astonished  him  beyond 


a  compositor  with  a  MS.  before  him  is 
always  more  or  less  a  critic— some- 
times a  pertinacious  critic ;  and  the 
orthography  of  the  period  was  re- 
markable for  a  superabundance  of 
vowels.     No  man   of    experience    in 


measure.     I  attribute   the  mistake  to     the   labours   of  editorship  can    deny 
that  abominable  magnifying  glass  :  it    the  truth  of  the  former  remark  ;  and 


is  a  clear  case  of   optical  illusion.     1 
am,  Mr.  Urban, 

Yours,  &c.     John  Bruce. 


Mr.  Urban,    Greenwich ,  March  1 8 . 

THE  preface  to  your  last  volume 
contains  a  grave  admonition  on  the 
blessings  of  peace  in  the  world  of  let- 
ters,— and  you  now  open  the  field  to  a 
host  of  combatants !  I  do  not,  how- 
ever, mean  to  tax  you  with  inconsist- 
ency :  it  is  only  a  new  proof  of  the 
magic  of  the  name  of  W,  Sh, 

I  have  had  frequent  occasion  to  re- 
flect on  the  orthography  of  names,  chiefiy 
with  reference  to  the  places  which 
should  be  assigned  to  them  in  diction- 
aries of  biography ;  and  1  submit  to 
your  correspondents,  rather  as  an  ex- 
perimentalist than  'as  a  dictator,  two 
aphorisms  which  bear  on  the  contro- 
versy : — 

"  1.  Names  not  recorded  by  the  in- 
dividuals should  be  spelt  as  in  coeval 
histories  and  documents.  If  such  au- 
thorities vary,  and  there  is  no  prepon- 
derance of  evidence,  as  in  the  best  re- 
cent histories. 

"  2.  All  other  names  should  be  spelt 
in  conformity  with  the  practice  of  the 
individuals.  If  the  specimens  vary, 
autographic  evidence  is  to  be  consi- 
dered as  superior  to  printed  evidence ; 
and  if  there  is  no  other  preponderance 
of  evidence,  the  decision  to  be  on  the 
bide  of  posteriority  of  date." 

It  remains  for  me  to  apply  these 
a|)horisms  to  the  point  in  dispute.  We 
have  three  principal  modes  of  writing 
the  name  of  our  dramatist ;  ] .  Shake- 
speare, 2.  Shakspearc,  and  3.  Shak- 
spere. 

I.  Shakespeare.— We  have  no  au- 
tographic authority  for  this  form — nor 
does  It  receive,  \n  a  single  instance, 
the  sanction  of  the  Stratford  Register. 
Be  it  admitted  that  I'tmua  and  Adonis 
in  l')0:i,  Lucrera  in  1504,  Richard  /if, 
l.'»9^,  the  Merchant    of  Venice  in 


in 


l6fX),  &c.  exhibit  it.     We  must  bear 
in  miad  the  habita  of  compotitor9«  and 


in  proof  of  the  latter,  I  shall  produce 
John  Stowe:  "Qtieene  Elizabeth  reigned 
44  yeares,  5  monetfis,  and  odde  dayes." 
While  such  a  system  prevailed,  the 
poet  might  indeed  write  Shakspere — 
but,  I  conceive,  the  compositors  would 
have  it  Shakespeare.  Once  in  print, 
there  would  be  every  chance  of  its  re- 
petition— for  the  compositors  would 
not  be  over-apt  to  criticise  their  own 
work.  The  poet,  moreover,  may  have 
acquiesced  in  it.  The  Comedies  of  1623 
have  this  mode  in  ev^ry  instance.  The 
circumstance,  remarkaDle  as  it  is,  seems 
to  have  been  the  result  of  chance 
rather  than  design — for  the  names  of 
the  editors  themselves,  which  appear 
only  thrice,  vary  !  We  have  John  He- 
mi  nge — John  Hemmings  ;  and  Henry 
Condell — Henrie  Condell.  The  arms  of 
the  poet  afford  no  evidence,  for  the 
grant  was  to  his  father;  and  the 
shake-scene  allusion  of  Robert  Greene 
(first  detected  by  the  ingenious  Oldys) 
is  of  the  same  stamp.  We  might  with 
as  much  reason  contend,  on  the  au- 
thority of  a  certain  pictorial  pun,  that 
the  new  translator  of  Demosthenes  De 
Corond  was  once  my  Lord  Broom, 

2.  Shakspeare.  We  have  no tneon- 
trovertible  autographic  evidence  in 
favour  of  this  form ;  but  it  has,  in 
three  instances,  the  sanction  of  the 
Stratford  Register.  It  also  appears  on 
the  monument  of  the  poet.  This 
might  be  deemed  valid  evidence, — bat 
the  monumental  inscription  of  his 
widow  has  Shakespeare ! — I  return  to 
the  autographic  evidence.  The  two 
signatures  to  the  deeds  of  16I3  are  ab- 
breviated, and  therefore  unsatisfactory* 
The  three  signatures  to  the  will  are 
controverted.  Between  the  tracing 
made  by  Mr.  Steevens  in  1776,  and 
the  engraving  published  by  Mr.  Gough 
Nichols  in  1829,  some  deterioration  ia 
evident, — yet  the  disputed  a  in  the  se- 
cond syllable  is  much  more  visible !  1 
almost  suspect  the  autograph  had  been 
touched  on.-*This  second  mode  has  be- 
come nearly  univerial.    It  hat  pre* 


380 


Document  t  elating  to  the  He  former  Wyclyff. 


[Apift 


vailed,  because  it  was  believed  to  have 
autographic  authority.  The  principle 
was  sound  ;  and  with  superior  infor- 
mation the  result  would  have  been 
critically  correct. 

3.  Shakspbbb.  —  This  form  has, 
with  only  three  exceptions,  the  sanc- 
tion of  the  Stratford  Register  from 
1558  to  1623.  It  is  that  of  the  only 
dutinct  autograph  of  the  poet — which 
was  written  in,  or  subsequently  to, 
the  year  1603 ;  and  it  appears  to  be 
that  of  the  signatures  to  his  will  in 
1616.  If,  in  behalf  of  truth,  we  can 
divest  ourselves  of  the  influence  of 
early  associations — if  we  can  resolve 
to  suppress  the  feelings  of  literary 
clanship— and  if  we  prepare  ourselves 
to  encounter  the  inconveniences  of 
reform— the  superior  claims  of  this 
latter  mode  must  inevitably  be  ad- 
mitted. 

Whenever  I  ask  you,  Mr.  Urban*  to 
do  me  the /avor  to  insert  a  communi- 
cation, it  is  always  converted  into  a 
favour  !  To  this  pertinacious  habit  on 
the  part  of  compositors  in  ^ome 
instances,  and  to  imitation  in  others, 
I  conceive  we  should  ascribe  it  that 
the  name  of  the  bard  of  Stratford  has 
been  printed  otherwise  than  William 
Shaksperb. 

Yours,  &c.     Bolton  Corney. 

Mr.  Urban^  isth  March. 

SIR  Frederick  Madden's  demand  for 
"  six  genuine  autographs  "  of  the  great 
Reformer  of  Lutterworth,  (p.  264,)  is 
ironical :  for  who  can  exfkct  the  pro- 
duction of  autographs  of  the  fourteenth 
century  ?  But,  as  I  have  been  always 
puzzled  in  writing  the  name  of  that 
glorious  individual,  and  (if  I  rightly 
remember)  one  of  his  biographers, 
Lewis  or  Baber,  hath  shown  fourteen 
different  ways  of  writing  it,  I  beg 
leave  to  furnish  a  document,  which 
seems  to  me  to  have  as  good  a  claim 
as  any  other  to  decide  this  doubtful 
point,  by  directing  us  to  write  "  John 
Wtclyff." 

It  is  a  copy  (on  which  I  have  acci- 
dentally alighted  at  this  moment)  of 
an  original  account  that  I  discovered, 
in  the  summer  of  1837»  among  the 
Miscellaneous  Records  of  the  King's 
Remembrancer,  at  Westminster.  I  do 
not  believe  that  the  document  is  in  the 
Reformer's  handwriting;  it  having 
been  the  ancient  practice  of  the  derkt 


of  the  Exchequer  to  ingroM  tht  parotia 
for  accountants  in  that  court.  Hit 
subjoined  is  a  literal  translation  :  tht 
transcript  I  shall  hand  over  to  Sir 
Frederick,  for  use  in  a  memoir  of  tht 
first  translator  of  the  Bible  into  Eng. 
lish,  which  (I  presume)  he  will  prefix 
to  the  version,  now  passing  through 
the  press,  under  his  able  tnperin- 
tendence.  W.  H.  Black. 

("translation). 
**  Parcels  of  the  account  of  Master 
John  Wyclyft,  Professor  of 
Theology,  of  his  receipts,  wages 
and  expenses,  in  going  as  the 
King's  Envoy  (eundo  inNumeium 
Regis)  1  toward  the  parts  of 
Flanders,  for  dispatcaing  the 
King's  affairs  there  in  the  48tii 
year.  [48  Edw.  III.  A.D.  1374.] 

**  The  same  rendereth  account  of  60/. 
received  by  his  own  hands,  at  the  Receipt 
of  the  Exchequer,  from  the  Treasurer  and 
Chamberlains,  upon  his  wages,  on  the  31st 
day  of  July,  in  Easter  term,  in  the  48th 
year.  "  Sum  of  receipt — 60/. 

'*  The  same  accounteth  in  his  wages,  at 
20s,  by  the  day,  from  the  37th  day  of 
July  aibresaid,  in  the  48th  year,  on  which 
day  he  took  his  journey  from  London  to* 
ward  the  parts  of  Flanders,  in  the  affkirs 
aforesaid,  unto  the  14th  day  of  September 
next  following,  on  which  day  he  returned 
thither;  to  wit,  in  going,  tarrying,  and 
returning,  by  50  days,  both  days  reckon- 
ed,—50/. 

*'  And  for  his  passage  and  repassage  of 
the  sea,  in  the  same  voyage,  (viagio,)"^ 
42*.  M, 

"  Sum  of  expenses— 5S/.  S«. 
•*  And  he  oweth— 7/.  Ifif .  9</." 
(W.  H.  B.) 


Mn.  Urban,        ^^'^f ^.f'""'^'' 

AS  the  last  number  of  your  Maga- 
zine is  embellished  with  an  engraving 
of  Heme's  Oak,  1  take  the  opportu- 
nity  of  making  a  short  reply  to  some 
statements  which  have  appeared  as  to 
the  identity  of  that  celebrated  tree, 
since  my  letter  on  the  subject  inserted 
in  your  January  number  of  last  year. 
1  allude  more  particularly  to  some  re- 
marks in  Mr.  Knight's  delightfully  il« 
lustrated  edition  of  "  Shakspere," 
vrhen  referring  to  Heme's  Oak  in  the 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  a  play 
which  has  been  embellished  and  com- 
mented upon  in  the  happiest  m  aimer. 

I  am  ready  to  admit  that  I  was  in 


1840.] 


On  the  Identity  of  ffdrne's  Oak. 


381 


error  respecting  the  old  foot-paths 
across  the  Little  Park  at  Windsor,  but 
this  circumstance  does  not,  I  think, 
weaken  my  argument  as  to  the  iden- 
tity  of  the  present  tree.  My  argu- 
ment rests  upon  the  following  facts. 


VIZ.  :• 


That  his  late  Majesty  George  the 
Fourth  constantly  asserted  that  Heme's 
Oak  had  not  been  cut  down  by  order 
of  George  the  Third,  but  that  it  was 
still  standing. 

That  I  have  been  personally  assured 
by  a  member  of  the  Royal  family,  not 
only  that  Heme's  Oak  had  not  been 
cut  down  by  command  of  George  the 
Third,  but  that  the  King  was  in  the 
constant  habit  of  pointing  out  the 
present  tree  as  the  real  Heme's  Oak. 

That  the  communication  made  by 
Mr.  Engall  to  me  of  the  present  oak 
having  been  placed  under  his  charge 
by  George  the  Third  as  the  real 
Heme's  Oak  would  appear  conclusive 
as  to  the  point  in  dispute,  as  this  was 
not  done  during  a  season  of  afHicting 
malady,  but  at  a  time  when  the 
King's  strong  and  retentive  memory 
was  in  full  force.  Mr.  Engall  is  inca- 
pable of  inventing  such  a  story,  and 
the  strongest  reliance  may  be  placed 
on  his  accuracy.  Mr.  Knight  says 
lie  did  not  reside  at  Windsor  forty 
years  ago.  1  said  about  40  years  ago, 
repeating  Mr.  Kugall's  words  which  I 
wrote  down  at  the  time.  They  might 
imply  generally  37  or  38  years.  The 
exact  date  can  be  readily  obtained. 

I  might  refer  to  the  late  Sir  Her- 
bert Taylor,  the  late  Sir  David  Dun- 
das  and  others  (who  had  the  best  op- 
portunities of  ascertaining  the  facts)  as 
constant  asserti^rs  of  the  identity  of 
the  present  Heme's  Oak.  1  will, 
however,  only  refer  to  many  aged  and 
re.-*pectable  inhabitants  of  Windsor 
who  have  assured  me,  that  they,  and 
their  fathers  and  mothers  before  them, 
had  always  considered  the  tree  in 
question  as  the  one  referred  to  by 
Shakespere. 

I  readily  admit  that  there  might  and 
probably  were  two  or  more  Oaks  in 
the  Park,  which  were  called  "  Heme's 
Oak,"  and  whether  one  of  these  was 
cut  down  by  order  of  George  the 
Third  or  blown  down  is  now  of  little 
consequence.  I  admit  that  an  old 
oak  was  cat  down  near  tha  pictureaque 
dcU,  which  Mr.  Knight  so  fuelingly 

amcAU  ihooid  b«Tt  beta  filled  up« 


and  that  that  oak  was  supposed  by 
many  persons  to  have  been  Heme's 
Oak.  I  admit  the  probability  o( 
George  the  Third  having  told  Lady 
Ely  that  he  had  inadvertently  given 
directions,  when  he  was  a  young  man,  for 
having  some  unsightly  old  oaks  in  the 
Park  cut  down,  and  that  he  was  af- 
terwards sorry  he  had  given  such  an 
order,  bepause  he  found  that,  amongst 
the  rest,  the  remains  of  Heme's  Oak 
had  been  destroyed.  But  having  made 
these  admissions,  I  must  again  refer 
to  the  constant  assertion  of  George  the 
Fourth,  viz.  that  George  the  Third 
thought  that  he  had  cut  down 
Heme's  Oak,  but  that  he  had  not. 
It  is,  I  think,  evident  that  he  was  af- 
terwards undeceived  in  this  respect. 

Lady  Ely  told  Mr.  Nicholson  that 
George  the  Third  informed  her  he  had 
caused  the  tree  in  question  to  be  cut 
down  when  fie  was  a  young  man.  Now 
George  the  Third  was  born  in  1738, 
and  Mr.  Knight  says  that  Mr.  Dela- 
motte  made  a  drawing  of  the  tree  from 
another  drawing  of  it  made  by  Mr. 
Ralph  West,  the  eldest  son  of  the  Pre- 
sident, some  fifty  or  sixty  years  ago ;  bo 
that  George  the  Third  could  not  then 
have  been  a  young  man,  although  Mr* 
Knight's  Heme's  Oak  must  have  been 
standing  at  that  time.  I  cannot  think 
that  Mr.  Croflon  Croker  has  added  any 
weight  to  his  friend  Mr.  Knight's  ar- 
guments. 

It  is,  however,  time  for  me  to  finish 
this  hasty  letter,  which  I  wish  to  do 
by  offering  my  thanks  to  Mr.  Knight 
for  the  very  agreeable  and  pleasing 
manner  in  which  he  has  discussed  this 
subject.  At  the  same  time  I  cannot 
but  express  my  regret  that,  whether 
right  or  wrong,  so  much  pains  shonld 
have  been  taken  in  several  quarters  to 
destroy  the  interest,  and,  I  might  add, 
the  enthusiasm  which  every  lover  of 
our  immortal  bard  must  feel  in  view* 
tng  Heme's  Oak,  even  ,  should  its 
identity  have  been  left  as  a  matter  of 
doubt.         Yours,  &c.  Edw.  Jesse. 


Mr.  Urban.  ^^^,V 

March  7. 

HAVING,  in  a  former  communica- 
tion, stated  to  you  that  the  passage  in 
the  Obituary  of  the  late  Sir  T.  J. 
Tyrwhttt  Jones,  published  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  December, 
1839,  which  described  him  ts  of  the 
sane  (tmiiy  with  Coloocl  John  Joaet^ 


382 


Colonel  John  Jones,  the  ttegicide. 


[April, 


the  Regicide,  was  erroneous,  and 
having  also  stated  that  Colonel  John 
Jones,  the  Regicide,  was  not  in  any 
way  connected  with  the  family  of 
Jones  of  Fonmon,  I  find  by  your 
number  published  on  the  first  instant, 
that  Mr.  W.  Hardwick,  of  Bridg- 
north,  the  writer  as  I  presume  of  the 
Obituary,  is  still  of  opinion  that  the 
passage  to  which  I  have  referred  is 
correct. 

As  I  am  quite  sure  that  Mr. 
Hardwick  would  not  have  stated 
that  which  he  did  not  believe  to  be 
true,  and  although  I  have  no  reason 
to  doubt  that  the  parties  whom  he 
quotes  in  his  letter  might  from  some 
of  the  causes  to  which  he  refers,  have 
been  of  opinion  that  a  relationship  be- 
tween the  families  of  Jones  of  Shrews- 
bury, Jones  of  Fonmon,  and  Jbnes 
the  Regicide,  did  exist ;  still,  you 
must  be  aware  that  no  proof  is  pro- 
duced by  Mr.  Hardwick  to  support 
that  opinion,  with  the  exception  only, 
as  to  one  fraction  of  it,  that  he  quotes 
a  passage  in  Mr.  Malkin's  work  on 
South  Wales,  with  reference  to  the 
Fonmon  family,  and  which  passage, 
unfortunately  for  Mr.  Hardwick's  the- 
ory, is  utterly  unfounded  ;  for,  so  far 
from  the  present  owner  of  Fonmon 
Castle  being  descended  from  John 
Jones,  the  Regicide,  as  Mr.  Malkin 
asserts,  he  never  had  an  ancestor  of 
the  name  of  John  Jones,  but  is  ac- 
tually the  descendant  of  Colonel  Phi- 
lip Jones,  of  Fonmon,  who  was  a 
Privy  Counsellor  to  both  the  Protec- 
tors, and  one  of  Oliver's  Lords  of  the 
Upper  House,  and  who,  having  sur- 
vived the  Restoration,  must  have  made 
his  peace  with  the  regal  government, 
for  he  was  in  1672  appointed  High 
Sheriff  of  Glamorganshire  ;  and  this 
you  will  find  confirmed  in  your  own 
pages,  in  the  Obituary  of  Robert 
Jones,  Esq.  of  Fonmon  Castle,  pub- 
lished in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine 
in  1834. 

That  Colonel  John  Jones  the  Regi- 
cide was  the  representative  in  the 
Parliament  of  the  Commonwealth  for 
Merionethshire  in  1640,  and  subse- 
quently, and  for  the  counties  of  Den- 
bigh [not  Derby,  as  Mr.  Noble  has  it] 
and  Merioneth  in  1656,  there  can  be 
no  question;  for  in  or  about  the 
year  1649,  Robert  Vaughan,  Esq.  of 
Hengwrt,  Merionethshire,  the  cele- 
brated antiquaryi  and  whQ  was  him* 


self  of  the  same  line  of  Antient-Bri- 
tish  descent,  compiled  the  Regicide's 
Pedigree,  and  having  traced  the  descent 
and  histor}'  of  the  family  from  Cadw- 
gan,  the  son  of  Bleddyn  ap  Cyofyn, 
Prince  of  Powis,  down  to  the  Colonel, 
he  thus  describes  him  : — 

**  Colonel  John  Jones,  Eiooire,  a 
Member  of  Parliament*  one  of  y*  honoar- 
able  Counsel  of  Estate  of  England." 

Mr.  Vaughan  also  states  his  wife 
to  be  Margaret,  daughter  of  John  Ed- 
wards, of  Stansty  (near  Wrexham), 
Esq.  This  lady  was  the  first  wife  of 
the  Regicide,  and  by  her  he  had  a  8on» 
John  Jones,  Esq.  who  was  living  at 
Wrexham  in  1702.  Dying  without 
issue,  his  property  passed  or  was  be- 
queathed to  the  relatives  of  his  mo- 
ther, whose  sister  Catharine  married 
Watkin  Kyffin,  Esq.of  Glaswed;  Anne, 
the  fifth  daughter  of  Mr.  Kyffin,  mar- 
ried Thomas  Edwardes,  E^q.  of  Kil- 
hendre,  and  the  issue  of  this  marriage 
being  two  daughters,  the  last  of  whom 
died  unmarried  in  1730,  the  estates  of 
Mr.  Edwardes,  with  many  family  do- 
cuments, including  the  pedigree  of  the 
Regicide's  family  as  written  for  him 
by  Mr.  Robert  Vaughan,  passed  to  the 
family  of  Merrall,  Mr.  Edwardes's  sis- 
ter Judith  having  married  John  Mer- 
rall, Esq.  of  Plas  YoUen,  co.  Salop ;  in 
the  possession  of  one  of  whose  de- 
scendants, Cyrus  Merrall,  Esq.  or  oi 
his  brother,  from  whom  I  had  the  loan 
of  it,  the  pedigree  to  which  I  have 
made  reference,  now  remains. 

In  the  collection  of  Pedigrees  made 
by  Owen  Salusbury,  Esc).  of  R£lg,  in 
the  county  of  Merioneth,  about  the 
year  1640,  and  subsequently  epiarged 
by  John  Salusbury,  Esq.  of  ErbistcKk, 
in  the  county  of  Flint,  about  the  year 
1650,  the  descent  of  the  family  of  Ed- 
wards of  Stansty  appears,  and  Marga- 
ret, the  fifth  daughter  of  John  Ed- 
wards, Esq.  is  there  stated  to  have 
married — 

"  John  Jones,  one  of  the  Counsel!  of 
State  a''  1641),  and  Colonell  for  the  Parlia- 
ment  of  England.** 

Against  which  is  written  in  ano- 
ther hand, — 

"  A  Grand  Rebel,  one  of  the  traitors 
executed  at  Tyburn." 

This  collection  of  Pedigrees  is  now 
in  the  possession  of  Sir  Watkin  Wil- 
liams Wynn,  Bart,  and  is  in  the  li- 
brary 9X  Wyiui8tay««-The  MS,  wm 


1 840.]  The  Arrangements  of  the  State  Paper  Office, 


383 


lent  to  me  by  the  late  honoured  Baro- 
net, and  1  copied  the  above  memo- 
randa from  it. 

Mr.  Pennant,  the  historian,  also 
states  that  Jones  the  Regicide  was  a 
Merionethshire  man. 

If  further  proof  were  wanting  that 
Colonel  John  Jones,  of  Maes-y-Gar- 
nedd,  in  Merionethshire,  was  the  Co- 
lonel John  Jones,  who  was  executed 
as  a  Regicide  on  the  17th  of  October, 
16G0,  it  will  be  found  in  a  curious  4to 
book  of  88  pages,  entitled  ''ENIAYTOS 
TEPA2TI02,  Mirabilis  Annus,"  &c. 
which  being  printed  and  published  in 
lG6l,  the  year  following  the  execution, 
and  I  need  scarcely  say  without  any 
reference  to  a  dispute  as  to  the  Colo- 
nel's  identity  or  connexions,  must  be 
admitted  to  be  good  evidence  in  the 
present  case.  In  this  book,  at  page 
43,  is  the  following  passage  : — 

"In  the  county  of  Merioneth,  in 
North -Wales,  in  a  field  or  close  which 
did  belong  to  Colonel  John  Jones,  who 
was  executed  at  Charing  Cross,  Oct.  17, 
\G(10,  was  8een  by  a  tennant  of  his,  going 
forth  into  the  said  field  that  morning  or 
very  near  the  time,  a  Crab-tree  covered 
all  over  with  blossomes.  He  was  so  as- 
tonished at  it  that  he  could  not  believe  it 
was  so  till  he  came  near  to  the  tree,  and 
rut  olT  a  bough  of  it,  which  he  carried 
home  with  him  and  shewed  to  his  fami- 
iic  and  divers  of  his  neighbours;  severall 
other  credible  persons  saw  the  tree  ;  and 
many  gentlemen  that  were  near  and  heard 
of  it,  8ent  for  boughs,  which  when  they 
saw,  they  were  convinced  of  the  truth  of 
the  report.  This  relation  we  received  first 
by  letters  from  the  aforesaid  tennant,  and 
a  further  confirmation  we  have  since  had 
of  it  by  some  very  credible  persons  inha- 
bitants there  eye-witnesses,  who  coming 
up  to  London  did  here  attest  it  tha 
voce.'* 

There  can  be  no  doubt,  after  what  I 
have  adduced,  I  think,  that  Jones  the 
Regicide  was  a  Merionethshire  man, 
and  this  extract  shows,  if  it  proves 
nothing  else,  that  he  was  well  known 
to  his  contemporaries  as  being  a  man 
of  that  county.  The  Jones's  of  Shrews- 
bury were  descended  from  Richard 
Jones,  of  Holt,  in  Denbighshire,  who 
had  adopted  the  surname  of  Jones  so 
early  as  the  reign  of  Henry  the 
Seventh,  and  which  afterwards  con- 
tinued to  be  the  surname  of  his  de- 
scendants. The  surname  of  Jones  was 
unknown  in  the  Regicide's  family,  un- 
til taken  by  his  fatlwr^who  called  him- 
self Thomas  Jones ;  the  grandfather  of 


the  Regicide  had  no  surname,  but  was 
called  "John  ap  Evan,  Gent,  of  Cwm- 
canel,  in  the  county  of  Merioneth." 
The  family  of  Jones  of  Fonmon  were 
still  later  in  adopting  a  surname.  The 
celebrated  Cromwellite  of  that  family. 
Colonel  Philip  Jones  before-mentioned, 
was  the  first  of  the  line  that  adopted  a 
surname,  and  in  early  life  he  was 
known  himself  in  Wales  as  "  Philip 
David  Philip,  Gent. ;"  his  father  hav- 
ing been  previously  known  by  and  al- 
ways used  the  name  of  "  David  Philip 
John,  Gent." 

I  trust  I  have  now  shown  that  I 
was  right  as  to  the  facts  averred  by 
me  in  my  former  communication  ;  and 
1  remain. 

Yours,  &c.    Joseph  Morris. 


Mr.  Urban,  March  18. 

YOUR  correspondent  Chartula- 
Kius,  whose  communication  was  in- 
serted in  your  last  Magazine,  has 
touched  upon  several  very  important 
subjects,  but  in  a  way  which  is  likely 
to  lead  to  conclusions  both  erroneous 
and  detrimental  to  the  public  interests. 

Speaking  solely  with  reference  to  the 
study  of  history,  and  to  the  mode  in 
which  ancient  documents  ought  to  be 
preserved,  her  Majesty's  State  Paper 
Office  is  an  institution  of  a  most  ano- 
malous and  prejudicial  character.  It 
contains  a  large  collection  of  papers 
which  are  said  to  be  highly  valuable  as 
materials  for  history,  but  they  are 
guarded  with  great  jealousy;  admission 
is  procurable  solely  through  the  order 
of  a  Secretary  of  State,  which  is  granted 
only  for  some  specific  and  assigned 
purpose;  and  literary  inquirers  have 
no  means,  as  far  as  I  know,  of  pre- 
viously ascertaining  whether  there  is, 
or  is  not,  anything  in  the  office  which 
will  assist  them. 

Amongst  the  persons  who  have 
lately  obtained  access  to  the  office  is 
the  gentleman  whose  name  is  men- 
tioned in  your  correspondent's  letter. 
Taking  advantage  of  the  facility  thus 
afforded  to  him,  he  has  published  va- 
rious documents  which  he  considers 
to  be  important ;  and  if  I  may  judge 
from  the  reviews  of  his  work  to  which 
Chartularius  has  directed  my  at- 
tention, his  estimate  of  their  value  is 
not  disputed.  Of  the  documents  which 
he  has  published^  some  are  derived 
from  the  Museum,  and  the  rest  from 
the  SUte  Paper  Office. 


381 


The  Arrangemenis  of  the  State  Paper  Ofiee. 


[April, 


Rut  it  is  asserted  that  his  work  con- 
tains various  errors  of  transcription, 
some  of  which  Ciiahtularius  has  ex- 
hibited  ;  and  upon  the  ground  of  the  ex- 
istence of  those  errors  you  are  requested 
to  infer  that  such  publication  of  docu- 
ments by  individuals  is  a  thing  which 
ought  not  to  be  allowed,  nay,  that  it 
is  a  serious  evil  which  is  proposed  to  be 
remedied  by  the  publication  by  the 
State  Paper  Commissioners  of  cata- 
logues, calendars,  or  abstracts, — the 
documents  themselves  being  still  kept 
under  what  are  termed  "  any  due 
restrictions,  or  office  copies  being 
furnished  to  applicants  under  certain 
regulations." 

There  is  a  good  deal  more  in  your 
correspondent's  letter  ;  but  1  believe  I 
have  stated  its  contents  as  far  as  they 
are  applicable  to  the  main  subject. 

His  reasoning  is  this ;  because  the 
work  of  the  gentleman  referred  to 
contains  various  errors  of  transcription, 
therefore  it  is  right  to  publish  abstracts 
upon  authority,  to  restrict  access  to 
the  originals,  and  to  furnish  only 
office  copies.  Now  the  errors  which 
Ch  A.RTULARIU8  has  pointed  out  happen 
to  be  in  documents  derived  not  from 
the  State  Paper  Office,  but  from  the 
British  Museum,  The  argument,  there- 
fore, stands  thus  :  Because  errors  have 
been  committed  by  an  individual  edi- 
tor in  printing  documents  derived  from 
the  British  Museum,  therefore  the  an- 
cient documents  in  the  State  Paper 
Office  ought  to  continue  under  res- 
trictions. 

Whatever  may  be  the  intentions  of 
the  Commissioners,  I  am  very  certain 
that  this  is  not  the  reasoning  by  which 
they  will  justify  themselves ;  but  my 
principal  object  is  not  to  expose  the 
singularity  of  your  correspondent's 
argument,  but  to  direct  attention  to 
the  restrictive  custody  of  the  ancient 
documents  in  the  State  Paper  Office, 
and  to  the  asserted  possibility  of  making 
abstracts  of  letters,  and  papers  of  that 
kind,  which,  for  historical  purposes, 
can  answer  the  objects  of  the  inquiser. 
The  papers  referred  to  are  admitted 
to  be  of  high  historical  value,  but  I 
do  not  fancy  that  it  will  be  alleged 
they  have  value  of  any  other  kind. 
They  are  the  property  of  her  Majesty 
as  a  trustee  for  the  nation;  the  es- 
tablishment which  mounts  guard  over 
thcra  is  paid  for  by  the  nation ;  they 
6 


relate  to  the  butinesa  of  the  nation ; 
why  should  the  nation  adopt  another 
description  of  custody  with  respect  to 
this  property  than   it  does  with   its 
other  similar  property  presenred  in  the 
British  Museum?    Be  it  observed  I 
confine  my  observations   to    ancient 
documents,  —  say  those  anterior    to 
the    restoration    of   the    House     of 
Stuart ;    and  1  ask  your  correspon- 
dent, or  any  other  person,  to  point  out 
any  good  purpose  that  is  answered  by 
shutting  up  documents  of  that   age, 
under  expensive  and  jealous  restric- 
tions;   or  what  possible    evil    could 
result  from  their  being  placed  under 
control  similar  to  that  exercised  at  the 
Museum,  or  being  at  once  transferred 
to  that  repository  ?    There  they  would 
be  useful ;  where  they  are,  toey  are 
almost  useless.     What  reason  can  be 
given  why  we  ought  to  be  indebted  to 
the  courtesy  of   official   persons    for 
qualified  permissions  to  use  some  part 
of  our  historical  documents,  when  other 
documents  of  precisely  the  same  kind 
are,  with  the  greatest  convenience  and 
propriety,  laid  open  to  us  and  to  all  the 
world?      I  shall  be  very  much  sur- 
prised if  any   good   answer    can   be 
given  to  these  questions. 

As  to  the  publication  of  abstracts,  I 
entreat  the  Commissioners  —  if  they 
entertain  any  such  notion — to  pause  be- 
fore they  put  it  into  execution.    There 
are  amongst  them  men  well  acquainted 
with  all  the  minuties  of  historical  in- 
vestigations, and    I    appeal  to    them 
whether  any  abstracts,    standing  in 
the  place  of  original  authorities,  would 
have  enabled  them  to  do  what  they 
have  done?    The  most  skilfol  maker 
of  abstracts  cannot  divine  all  the  uses 
to  which  a  document  may  be  put ;  or 
upon  how  many  different  arguments 
particular  parts  of  it  may  throw  light. 
The  very  words  of  a  date  are  of  valae 
at  one  time  and  for  one  purpose,  those 
of  a  superscription  at  another,  those 
of  some  ambiguous,  or    ironical,    or 
confident,  or  erroneous  assertiosn,  at 
others ;  and  none  can  foreknow  these 
various   uses.     All    who   have    ever 
meddled  in  these  matters  must  have 
been  taught  by  their  own  e:(perience 
that  even  the  abstracts  which  a  man 
makes  for  his  own  use  are  seldom^  if 
ever,  entirely  satisfactory;  and  why 
should  we  imagine  that  persona  conU 
be  found  who  would  lukt  rtttncts 


1840.] 


REtROSPECTIVE  ReYIEW. 


S85 


which  will  answer  oar  purposes  better 
than  those  which  we  ourselves  have 
made  ? 

i  am  not  arguing  against  abstracts 
of  formal  documents,  mere  lawyer's 
forms, — although  it  is  occasionally 
very  difficult  to  make  even  them, — the 
question  now  relates  to  letters,  and 
documents  of  that  class.  Nor  am  I 
contending  against  calendars,  as  as- 
sistances in  referring  to  the  originals  ; 
but  against  calendars  as  a  substitute 
for  access  to  the  originals,  and  an  ex» 
cuse  for  restraints. 

I  agree  with  your  correspondent 
Chartularius  that  it  is  a  bad  thing 
for  documents  to  be  published  incor- 
rectly,— all  error  is  bad  ;  but  I  should 
scarcely  have  thought  it  necessary  at 
this  time  of  day,  or  in  this  country,  to 
contend  that  freedom,  and  not  mono- 


poly, is  the  way  by  which  error  ought 
to  be  corrected.  Break  down  the 
barriers  by  which  inquiry  is  impeded ; 
open  the  windows  which  illibierality 
would  keep  closed  ;  let  in  the  lights 
and  that  will  remedy  the  evils  com- 
plained of.  If  error  is  to  justify  re- 
striction, then  you  must  restrain  not 
merely  the  State  Paper  Office,  but  the 
Britisn  Museum;  nay,  even  printed 
books,  for  I  have  known  gross  errors 
committed  in  transcribing  from  them. 
There  is  no  medium  in  politics,  re- 
ligion, literature,  or  in  anything  else^ 
between  a  censorship  which  puts  truth 
at  the  mercy  of  power,  and  freedom^ 
which,  with  all  its  abuses  and  incon- 
veniences, is  indeed  what  old  Barbour 
long  ago  pronounced  it  to  be,  "a 
noble  thing." 

Yours,  &c.    Philalbtbbs. 


RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW. 


The  Mould  of  Humilitie    acgoyned  to  the    Castle   of   Courteiie,    compiUd  hif 
James  Yates,  Serving  Man, 


Captious  conceiptSy 

Good  reader,  doe  dismis, 
And  friendly  weigh 

The  willing  mind  of  hii. 


Which  more  doth  write 
For  pleasure  than  for  praise. 

Whose  worthlesse  workes 
Are  simplie  pend  alwaies. 


Imprinted  hy  John  TFoffe,  dwelling  tn  Distaffe  Lane,  neere  the  iigne  1/  the 
Cattle,    4to.  black  letter.     Date  1582. 

TH.Svolumei.ofth.g«.t..trarity.    ^"-t^,.  ^tl^lT  "^^l^S:* 

s  may  be  known  by   the  following    .^If  from  lending  T.  P.  [Park] .    See  IbL 

of  Mr.  Heber  :—  gg  1  j^,^  p^i^  ^f  Badley '  [in  Suffolk]. 


From  some  circumstances  in  this  volume, 
he  seems  to  have  been  a  Suffolk  man.** 

On  this  volume,  see  also  Longpnan't 
Bibliotheca  Anglo -Poetica;  Ritson'a 
Biblioth.  Poetica,  p.  400;  Herbert's 
Ames,    D.   1186.    Mr.  Heber's  con- 


that 


as  may 
MS.  note 

**  Only  one  copy  of  this  book  appears 
to  exist.  It  had  formerly  belonged  to  T. 
Martin,  the  Suffolk  antiquary.  At  Major 
Pfanoni  sale  it  was  purchased  by  Mr. 
StecTeni  for  lOt.  6<f.,  and  at  Mr.  Stee- 
Tens'i,  by  Mr.  Park,  for  2/,  lOt.     With 

^J'^""^^^  r^^^'^T^&V  o^tilh?    jectufi  ttat  James  Yates  was  a  Suffblk 

and  thence  to  tne  sbop  01  Messrs.  ix>ng-  ' .                xn^^^^m  p  w   «li*n  \%m 

man.  Paternoster-row;  who  marked  it  in  2,  written  to  Master  F^  W.  when  ht 

their  Bibliotheca  Anglo- Poetica.  1815,  at  ^as  at  Ipswich.    Jo»°«^^  *J«  P^« 

52/.  lOf.  and  sold  it  to  Mr.  Midgelcy  of  mentioned  above,  is      P«  V"^°^^ 

Rochdale  in  Lancashire ;   at  whose  auc  Chastitie,  drawne  to   Publication  by 

tion,  by   Saunders  in    Fleet-street,  Feb.  dutiful   Desire,  Goodwill,  and  Com- 

1  HI 8,  it  was  sold  for  S3/.  St.,  and  placed  mendation.  Also  a  Dialo^e  betweena 

in  the  library  of  Sir  Mark  Sykes,  at  30/.,  Diana  and  Venus,  with  dittiet  devised 

on  whose  death  it  was  again  submitted  to  ^^  sundrie  collections  for    recrCAtion 

the  hammer  in  1824,  wd  knocked  down  ^      ,^^  j^^^U  i^  ^j^^y^  ^ert€  M  tn- 

GSNT.  Mao.  Vol.  XIIK  '                               ^  ^ 


d86 


Retrospectivb  REViEW.---Yat«B*i  Poems. 


[Aprt, 


ttaeih,  by  James  Yatis.*  1562."  The 
TohiQie  is  inscribed  to  Mistress  Eli- 
zabeth Reynouls,  wife  unto  his  ap- 
proved good  master  and  friend.  Mas- 
ter Henry  Reynouls,  Esq. 

Verses  unlo  his  Muse. 

Muse  not,  my  minde,  of  worldly  things, 
Hiou  see'st  what  care  to  some  it  brings  ; 
The  merriest  minde  from  folly  free, 
Sometimes  conceives  discourtesie ; 
^hich  is  the  occasion  oft  of  ire, 
Through  frowarde  wiUe  which    kindles 

fire. 
Bat  if  thou  wilt  live  well  at  ease, 
And  worldly  wi^ts  secke  for  to  please. 
Then  frame  thy  nature  to  this  plight, 
In  e«ch  respect  to  dcale  upright. 

Thou  see*8t,  my  Muse,  how  fancie  redes, 
And  what  desire  in  some  it  breedes  ; 
Thou  see*st  thatthose  which  have  been  well, 
HaVe  not  the  skill  thereof  to  tell ; 
But  think  to  get  a  better  place. 
Whereas  they  work  their  own  disgrace  : 
For  why  ?  from  Heaven  they  change  to 

HeU, 
In  deep  despite  for  time  they  dwell ; 
So  is  our  fickle  fancie  fraught — 
Whom  can  we  blame  but  tickle  thought  ? 

The  sillie  bird  that  dreades  no  ill, 
But  singes  with  joyful  notes  ful  shrill, 
Is  by  the  craft  of  birder's  arte 
Ketcht,  to  her  paine  and  carefuU  smart ; 
For  why  ?  the  lime  her  winges  doth  charge 
Who  erst  to  fore  did  fly  at  large  ; 
And  then  she  resteth  as  we  see. 
To  try  the  birder's  courtesie  : 
Eteft  so,  if  some  do  thee  entrap. 
Thou  must  needes  stay  to  trye  thy  hap. 

Sherefore,  who  well  can  them  content, 
ave  seldom  cause  for  to  repent ; 
For  if  thou  well  doe  feele  thyselfe, 
QlMU^ge  not  that  life  for  worldly  pelfe  : 
Tou  know  the  ease  of  quiet  minde 
If  happiest  gifte  by  Jove  assign'd. 
Admit  that  riches  docncrease, 
J^na  then  the  gayest  life  surcease  ; 
Wh^  i^'t  the  better  for  the  gilt, 
When  fretting  fiimes  sweet  rest  have  spilt  ? 

X 9  hare  both  welth  and  quyet  vaine — 
Ofh  1  happie  wights  that  it  attaine  ; 
Oh !  golden  dayes  of  quyet  state, 
t^ien  fortune  gives  no  crabbed  mate. 
And,  on  the  other  side,  I  say, 
Oh  !  eursed  life  that  every  day 
Doth  not  escape  from  furious  fittes, 
Whioh  heates  the  hearte,  and  woundes  the 
wittes ; 


The  merry  meant  I  hovld  for  beat, 
Oh  1  happie  wights,  that  it  iaveat. 

The  labouring  man,  with  breade  and  driiike 
Lives  merrier  in  minde,  I  thinke, 
Than  some  whioh  feede  on  daintier  fare, 
Whose  corpes  sufficed,  yet  hare  great  care ; 
For  sure  that  meate  digests  not  well 
Where  merrie  measure  doth  not  dwell. 
Oh  1  life  most  happie,  still  I  say, 
That  lives  at  rest,  and  hath  to  pay ; 
And  lyeth  down,  with  quiet  minde. 
The  rest  to  take  that  Jove  assign'd. 

Verses  which  sign{fle  the  eaee 

How  meddling  least  doth  not  diepleaee. 

The  busie  heads,  whose  harebrain'd  wits 
With  causelesse  cause  will  have  to  deale, 

Doe  often  shew  but  foolish  fittes, 
For  nothing  they  can  close  conceale. 

All  you  that  meane  to  live  at  ease, 

To  meddle  least  doth  not  displeaae. 

The  Royster,  and  the  quarrelling  foole 
That  standes  upon  his  garde  of  strength, 

May  meet  with  one  that  shall  him  coole, 
And  overcome  his  pride  at  length. 

All  you  that  meane  to  live  at  ease, 

To  meddle  least  doth  not  displease. 

The  Pratler,  he  cannot  abstaine, 

Nor  yet  keepc  in  his  tongue  from  prate ; 

Oh  !  blame  him  not ; — for  'tis  his  vaine : 
He  takes  a  glory  in  that  rate. 

All  you  that  meane  to  live  at  ease, 

To  meddle  least  doth  not  displease. 

'Tis  vaine  to  put  otur  hand  in  fire, 

Or  in  a  fray  to  take  a  parte, 
When  as  no  cause  d^th  so  require. 

Perchance  he  comes  unto  his  smarte. 
All  you  that  meane  to  live  at  ease, 
To  meddle  least  doth  not  displeaae'. 

The  proverb  often  thus  doth  shew. 
Which  warnest  us  in  this  respect ; 

Heere  much,  but  little  seeke  to  kno# 
That  any  tumult  may  ef^ct. 

All  you  that  meane  to  live  at  ease, 

To  meddle  least  doth  not  displeaie. 

By  busie  pates  strife  and  debate. 
Rancour  and  rage  be  rear'd  upright ; 

Envie,  disdaine,  and  cruell  hate 
Are  put  in  use  by  such  a  wight. 

All  you  that  meane  to  live  at  ease, 

To  meddle  least  doth  not  displease. 

So  may  you  well  be  bold  of  this, 
The  love  of  each   manne  thou  shalt 
winnc : 

And  have  likewise  eternall  blisse. 
For  quiet  state  you  lived  in. 

All  you  that  meane  to  live  at  ease, 

To  meddle  least  doth  not  displease. 


*  The  uncertainty  of  orthographv  in  proper  names  is  shewn  in  this  volume.  In  the 
Hould  of  Humilitie,  the  anthor's  name  is  always  spelt  *<  Yat«f,"  and  in  the  Chariot  of 
Chastiticf  invariably  **  Yatis." 


\ 


J  840.] 


Retrospective  RBViEW.-^Yatet's  Poem$, 


M7 


Of  meddling  least,  I  thus  define ; 

The  happie  state  in  it  doth  rest, 
And  like  a  Jewell  it  doth  shine 

Among  all  jewella  of  t]^  best. 
All  you  that  then  will  live  at  ease, 
To  meddle  least  doth  not  displease. 


Yalea  hia  Song,  written  presently  after 
his  comming  from  London, 

Why  should  I  laugh  without  a  cause  ? 
Or  why  should  I  so  long  time  pause  ? 
My  hateful  happes  for  to  declare, 
Sith  cTuell  causes  breedes  my  care, 
Devilish  disdaine  within  my  brest, 
Molesteth  me  with  greate  unrest. 
Agree  I  must  to  froward  fate. 
And  be  contt^ot  with  this  my  state, 
Hoping  in  end  all  may  be  well. 
For  proverbs  old  thus  doth  us  tell. 

The  rowling  stone  doth  get  no  mosse. 
The  r.iunger  much  doth  nought  bat  tosse 
In  places  tit  for  madding  mindes, 
'Till  youthful  yeares  the  folly  (indes; 
But  when  that  age  doth  call  them  backe, 
And  youthful  tricks  do  finde  the  lacke, 
Then  do  we  thiuke  our  youth  ill  spent, 
Which  ill  our  age  we  do  repent ; 
But  such  is  youth  and  youthfiill  toyes. 
To  follow  hckle,  foolish  joycs. 

How  fortune  turns,  we  neede  not  mose, 

For  daily  we  may  see  in  use, 

How  some  are  in  great  favour  cast, 

Vet  in  the  end  arc  out  at  last ; 

And  small  account  of  them  is  made, 

Such  is  the  guyse  of  fortunes  trade, 

To  place  aloft  and  to  bring  low 

Even  as  her  favour  seems  to  ktow. 

For  who  so  markes  shall  see  indeed, 

Fortune  to  faile  when  most  they  neede. 

(  ontent  is  best  to  please  (he  miudc. 
By  seeking,  yet  some  men  do  finde  ; 
By  rrourhing  low  to  hy  estates 
Is  good  for  to  avoyd  their  hates. 
But  he  that  hath  so  stubborn  heart 
As  wilfuU  will  will  not  convert, 
He  is  not  wise  in  my  conceite. 
So  much  to  stand  in  foolish  sleight ; 
The  bowing  reede  withstands  the  blast. 
When  stubbornc  oake  is  overcast. 

If  in  this  worlde  we  mean  to  live, 
Such  courteous  ipeeach  then  must  we  give 
As  we  may  win  the  hearts  of  those 
Which  otherwise  would  be  our  foes  ; 
For  smvling  lookes  do  not  availe 
When  friendship  favour  seems  to  quAile  ; 
The  want  whereof  doth  us  molest, 
With  pinching  pangs  in  private  brest, 
Yet  from  our  hearts  let  us  require, 
We  may  have  patience  in  our  ire. 

To  pleasure  lucb  as  we  are  boiuul. 
That  unto  them  our  liMurtMbt  lonii^, 


And  that  no  fayned  speech  be  keardy 
Least  all  our  doings  so  be  majr'd, 
For  smiling  lookes  and  hollow  hearts 
Be  often. times  the  caMse  of  smarto ; 
But  we  must  needs  comn^nd  of  tight 
All  such  as  in  the  truth  delight, 
And  say  from  heart,  and  so  consent^ 
It  is  a  heaven  to  be  content. 


An  Epitaph  upon  the  Death  qf  MoMter 
Poolie's  Wife  qf  Badly, 

You  Dames,  leave  off  your  bootlesse  tfi^res. 
Whose  vaine  complaints  can  do  nojgood ; 

Since  cruel  death  hadi  forced  your  feares. 
And  stroken  such  a  noble  blood  ; 

And,  though  you  waile  and  weepe  you^  f^i 

Yet  you  cannot  revive  your  wUl. 

For  if  high  Jove  doth  so  permit  [dart. 
That  dreadful  death  shall  strUc^  with 

It  is  in  vaine  to  mourne  for  it, 
Sith  he  can  joy,  and  he  can  smart ; 

He  can  graunt  life,  he  can  graunt  death. 

He  can  bereave  each  prince  of  breath. 

This  worthy  matron,  wrapt  in  clay, 
Was  wife  to  Master  Pooly  she : 

Whose  noble  race  *  for  to  display 
My  witte  unable  is,  I  see. 

Alas  !  my  penne  is  nothing  ryfc 

For  to  declare  her  virtuous  lilt. 

Wherefore  'twei^  vaine  to  pen  her  pr«iR, 
Sith  it  abrode  in  worlde  is  knowne. 

Alas  !  that  death  did  end  her  dayes. 
And  hath  her  life  so  overthrowne  | 

Wherefore  to  mourne  it  is  in  vaine. 

Since  you  no  more  her  can  attaine. 

Given  unto  Mi$trei$e  F.  W.  iffAeii  f Aee 
we%i  to  wait; 

To  waite  on  noble  dames 

Much  attendance  it  doth  crave. 

And  searcheth  out  in  each  respect 
The  service  that  you  have. 

Attendance  you  most  daonce 

In  chamber  all  the  day ; 
And  not  to  walke  abrode  in  fields^ 

If  truth  Report  doth  saye, 

Except  my  lady  go, 

Then  you  must  waite  on  her : 
Or  els  to  keep  her  chamber  itiu, 

And  not  abrode  to  stirre. 

And  when  she  plages  at  cturdes 
Downs  kneele  you  must  on  kni$$i 

And  so  to  fit  there  all  the  time, 
Until  she  winne,  or  leese. 

Oh  !  God  I  this  is  no  lifo 
Of  pleasure,  as  I  thinke, 


«  She  was  listar  ti»to  my  LUto  Went* 
worth. 


388 


Retrospectivb  Review.— Yatc«*s  Poems. 


[April, 


To  waite  in  chamber  all  the  day, 
Till  sleepe  doth  make  you  wixike. 

But  paradventure  you 

Do  thinke  preferment  there 

Will  hoyse  you  up  to  be  alofte. 
And  set  you  voyde  of  care. 

I  do  not,  I,  say  nay, 

For  it  is  like  to  be  ; 
And  I  as  glad  as  any  one 

That  happie  day  to  see. 

Thus,  gentle  mistresse  mine, 
The  gods  keepe  you  in  rest ; 

And  graunt  such  pleasures  to  abound 
As  sorrowes  not  molest. 


A  Thankesgeving  unto  God  for  the  hap- 
pie, peaceable,  and  fno8t  ghriouse 
reigne  of  our  singular  Sovereigns  and 
Ladie  Queene  Elizabeth. 

With  humble  heartes  and  faithfull  mindes 

Assemble  all  and  pray ; 
And  sing  high  laude  unto  our  God, 

Whose  goodnesse  to  display 

Surmounts  the  sense  of  mortallheades 

To  glorifie  the  same ; 
With  such  desertes  as  rightly  'longs 

Unto  his  blessed  name. 

Oh,  England  1  joy,  thou  little  isle, 

In  prayers  do  not  cease ; 
Both  day  and  night  give  laude  to  God 

For  this  thy  happy  peace 

Injoyed  under  peerless  Prince 

Elizabeth  thy  Queene, 
Whose  quietreigne  declares  that  God 

His  blessinge  would  have  seene 

Upon  her  grace  and  eke  her  realme, 
The  which,  O  Lord,  preserve 

With  seemely  cepter  in  her  throne 
The  GospeU  to  conserve. 

From  forraine  foe  and  faithlesse  friendes, 
From  all  that  mischief  workes. 

Lord,  breake  the  broode  of  envies  wyles 
In  secrecie  that  loorkes. 

Lay  open  to  her  Princely  vicwe 

All  they  that  faithlesse  be 
In  thought  against  her  Majestic ; 

Lord,  let  her  highnesse  see. 
We  must  confesse  unfainedly 

We  have  observed  thine  ire ; 
We  daily.  Lord,  be  prompt  to  sinne, 

Small  goodnesse  we  require. 

Yet  have  compassion  on  our  land, 

And  do  the  same  defend 
From  those  which,  under  shew  of  friendes, 

Their  malice  do  pretend 

Unto  our  Queene,  which  raigned  hath 
This  three  and  twentie  years ; 

In  peaceable  tranquillitie, 
As  well  to  us  appears. 

God  graunt  her  Highness  Nestor's  yetreg 
OT«r  tbii  realme  to  raigne } 


Amen,  Amen  for  Jesns  sake, 
Amen  1 — ^we  do  not  fidne." 

God  preserve  frith  joyful  life  oiirgra« 
clous  Queen  Elizabeth. 


A  GloBse  for  amorwue  Mojfdetu  to 
looke  in,  friendly  framed  as  a  Caoeai 
for  a  light  beHeving  Mojfden ;  which 
she  may  take  as  a  requisite  r^mke,  if 
she  modestly  meditate  the  matter. 

Fy,  maiden,  fy,  that  Cupid's  flames 

Within  you  so  abounde, 
To  truste  tiie  tatling  tales  of  some. 

Whose  wordes  prove  oft  unsoonde  I 

Should  every  knave  entice  you  so, 

To  talk  with  you  at  will ; 
What,  be  your  wittes  so  simple  now. 

And  of  such  little  skill. 

As  you  can  not  disceme  in  minde 

Who  leads  you  on  the  bit  ? 
Fy,  fy,  for  shame  1   Now  leave  it  oiF ; 

It  is  a  thing  unfit. 

I  promise  you,  it  grieves  me  sore, 

Because  I  am  your  friend. 
That  every  Jacks  should  talke  with  you. 

And  it  is  to  no  end 

But  for  to  feele  and  g^'opo  your  minde ; 

And  then  they  laugh  in  sleeve, 
And  say, — it  is  a  gentle  maide, 

Now  she  will  them  believe. 

Thus  do  the  knaves  so  cogge  and  foyst. 

And  count  you  as  a  foole ; 
And  say,  your  wittes  they  be  so  base. 

As  you  may  go  to  schoole. 

Wherefore,  love  no  such  fleering  Jaekes, 

And  give  to  them  no  eare  ; 
And  think  this  lesson  to  be  true 

Which  I  have  written  here. 

For  well  in  time  you  shall  it  finde 

To  breede  in  your  unrest ; 
Wherefore  to  leave  it  off  at  first, 

I  think  it  were  the  best. 

Give  not  your  mind  to  be  entic'd 

To  heare  each  tatling  tale  ; 
Where  constant  heades  do  not  abide, 

What  hope  doth  then  availe  ? 

You  will  not  warned  be,  I  see, 

Until  you  have  a  nippe ; 
You  knowe  the  horse  wnidi  draws  in  cart 

Is  ever  nye  the  whippe. 

But  when  too  late  yon  do  repent, 

Repentance  will  not  serve ; 
Wherefore  foresee — ^in  time  I  wame 

From  follie  fond  to  swerve. 

Take  heed,  I  say,  in  time  therefore. 

So  shall  your  state  be  blest, 
And  I  shall  cease  to  write  so  much 

My  pen  shall  take  its  rest* 


389 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


On  the  Relation  between  tlie  Holy  Scrip- 
tures and  some  parts  of  Geological 
Science,     By  J.  Pye  Smith,  D.I>. 

DR.  SMITH,  if  not  a  practical  geo- 
logist, is  well  conversant  with  the 
best  works  that  have  been  written  on 
the  subject ;  and  from  a  careful  con- 
sideration of  facts  and  reasonings 
has  formed  his  conclusions.  The 
object  of  his  work  is  given  in  his  own 
words  :  — 

*'A  vague  idea  has  obtained  circulation, 
that  certain  geological  doctrines  are  at 
variance  with  the  Holy  Scriptures.  This 
notion  works  with  pernicious  effect.  The 
semblance  of  discrepancy  is  indeed  undent' 
able  ;  but  I  profess  my  conviction  that 
it  is  nothing  but  a  semblance,  and  that 
like  many  other  difficulties  on  all  import- 
ant subjects,  which  have  tired  the  intellect 
of  man,  it  vanishes  before  careful  and  sin- 
cere examination.  '  Suppose,*  says  Pro- 
fessor Sedgwick,  *  that  there  are  some  re- 
ligious difficulties  in  the  conclusions  of 
Geology  ;  how  then  are  we  to  solve  them? 
not  by  shutting  our  eyes  tofactSf  or  de- 
nyxny  the  evidence  of  our  senses,  but  by 
patient  investigation  carried  on  in  the  sin- 
cere love  of  truth,  and  by  learning  to  reject 
every  consequence  not  warranted  by  direct 
physical  evidence.  Pursued  in  this  spirit, 
Geology  can  neither  lead  to  any  false  con- 
clusions, nor  offend  against  any  religious 
truth.'  " 

These  premises  being  stated,  as  a 
just  foundation  for  the  advancement 
of  scientific  argument,  we  first  find 
Mr.  Babbage  stating :  — 

"  The  mass  of  evidence  which  combines 
to  prove  the  great  antiquity  of  the  Earth 
itself,  is  so  irresistible  and  so  unshaken  by 
any  opposing  fact,  that  none  but  those 
who  are  alike  incapable  of  observing  the 
facts,  and  appreciating  the  reasoning,  can 
for  a  moment  conceive  the  present  state 
of  its  surface  to  have  been  the  result  of 
only  six  thousand  years  of  existence. 
Those  observers  and  philosophers  who 
have  spent  their  lives  in  the  study  of  Geo- 
logy have  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that 
there  exists  irresistible  evidence  that  the 
date  of  the  Earth's  first  formation  is  far 
anterior  to  the  epoch,  supposed  to  be  as- 
signed by  it  to  Moses ;  and  it  is  now  admit- 
ted by  all  competent  pertonii  that  the 


formation  even  of  those  strata  which  are 
nearest  the  surface,  must  have  occupied 
vast  periods,  probably  millions  of  years,  in 
arriving  at  their  present  state." 

Mr.  Maclaren,  in  his  Geology  of 
Fife  and  the  Lothians,  (p.  37)  esti- 
mates a  single  period  of  volcanic 
quiescence  over  the  site  of  the  basaltic 
hill  at  Edinburgh,  at^t7e  hundred  thou- 
sand years  .'  *'  Let  it  be  observed,"  says 
our  author, "  that  these  are  not  random 
guesses,  but  founded  upon  knowledge 
and  consideration."  Another  point 
connected  with  Scriptural  tradition 
and  Geological  inquiry,  is  that  of  the 
Deluge.     Dr.  Fleming  says — 

"There  is  reason  to  believe  from  the 
writings  of  Moses,  that  the  Ark  had  not 
drifted  far  from  the  spot  where  it  was  first 
lifted  up,  and  that  it  grounded  at  no  great 
distance  from  the  same  spot !  " 

Again, 

"  The  simple  narrative  of  Moses  per- 
mits me  to  beUeve,  that  the  waters  rose 
upon  the  earth  by  degrees  ;  that  means 
were  employed  by  the  Author  of  the  cala- 
mity to  preserve  pairs  of  the  land  animals  ; 
that  the  flood  exhibited  no  violent  impetu- 
osity, displacing  neither  the  soil  nor  the 
vegetable  tribes  which  it  supported,  nor 
rendering  the  ground  unfit  for  the  cultiva- 
tion of  the  vine.  With  this  conviction 
in  my  mind,  I  am  not  prepared  to  witness 
in  nature  any  remaining  marks  of  the  ca- 
tastrophe ;  and  I  find  my  respect  for  the 
authority  of  revelation  heightened,  when  I 
see  on  the  present  surface  no  memoriafs 
of  the  event,** 

Later  researches,  however,  have 
been  directed  to  the  subject  of  drift 
or  diluvium,  with  endeavours  to  dis- 
tinguish the  respective  ages  of  it  in 
different  countries  and  districts.  Pro- 
fessor Hitchcock  says,  (Geology  of 
Mach.  p.  148)  :— 

"  By  an  examination  of  all  the  diluvium 
which  had  been  previously  accumulated  by 
various  agencies,  and  which  had  been  modi- 
fied by  a  powerful  deluge  sweeping  from 
north  and  north-west,  over  every  part  of 
the  State,  not  excepting  its  highest  moon- 
tains  ;  and  since  that  deluge  none  but  al- 
luvial agendcf  have  been  operating  to 


390  Rkview. — Smith's  Holy  Scriptures  and  Geology.  [April, 


cliange  the  surface.'*  Prof.  Sedgwick  says, 
*  I  ventured  to  affirm  that  our  dilurial 
gravel  was  not  the  result  of  one,  but  of 
many  succesKive  periods  ;  but  what  I  then 
stated  as  a  probable  opinion,  may  be  now 
advanced  with  all  the  authority  of  estab- 
lished truth.*  *  *  *  *  Bearing  upon 
this  difficult  question,  there  is,  I  think, 
one  great  negative  conclusion  now  incon- 
teitably  established ;  that  the  vast  masses 
of  diluvial  gravel,  scattered  almost  over 
the  surface  of  the  earth,  do  not  belong  to 
one  violent  and  tran»itory  period.'  *  * 
Are  then  the  facts  of  our  science  opposed 
to  the  sacred  records  ?  and  do  we  deny 
the  reality  of  an  historic  deluge  ?  I  utterly 
r^ectsuch  an  opinion,"  &.c. 

Mr.  Greenhougli  (a  high  authority) 
observes  : — 

**  The  vast  mass  of  evidence  wliioli  Mr. 
Lyell  has  brought  forward  in  illustration 
of  what  may  be  called  diurnal  (icolor/if^ 
convinces  mc  that  if  five  thousand  years 
■go  a  deluge  did  sweep  over  the  entire 
globe,  its  traces  can  no  longer  he  diatin- 
guiahedfroM  more  modern  and  local  diS' 
iurbances.    The  inference,  says  our  au- 
thor, to  wliioh  these  observations  and  rea- 
sonings lead  is,  that  geological  evidence  is 
adverse  to  the  admission  of  a  deluge  simul- 
taneowt  and  universal  for  every  part  of 
the  earth*  s  surface.   Again,  supposing  that 
the  Noachian  Deluge  extended  over  the 
whole  earth,  the  mass  of  water  necessary 
to  cover  the  whole  globe  to  the  depth  sup- 
posed, would  be  in  thickness  about  five 
miles  above  the  previous  sea-level.     Tliis 
quantity  of  water  might  be  fairly  calcu- 
lated as  amounting  to  eight  times  that  of 
the  seas  and  oceans  of  the  globe,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  quantity  already  existing.    But 
snch  an  augmentation  of  water  could  not 
bave  come  without  being  attended  with 
violently  destructive  effects ;  whereas  the 
terms  of  the  sacred  nairative  appear  to 
exclude  the  idea  of  a  sudden  and  violent 
irruption,  and  to  present  that  of  an  eleva- 
tion and  afterwards  a  subsidence  compara- 
tively gentle,  so  that  the  ark  was  lifted, 
floated,  and  borne   over  the  fiood  in  a 
manner  we  might  call  calm  and  quiet,  if 
compared  with  an  inburst  of  the  sea  by 
the  immediate  breaking  of  a  barrier." 

Against  the  universal  spread  of  the 
deluge.  Dr.  Pyc  Smith  observes  that 

**  There  are  trees  existing  in  Africa  and 
America  (the  Adansonia  and  tciooodium), 
ifidivlduals  of  the  species  of  which  are 
proved  to  have  begun  to  grow  at  an  epoch 
long  before  the  date  of  the  deluge ;  had 
these  trees  been  covered  with  water  for 
tliree  quarters  of  a  year,  they  must  have 
been  destroyed ;  here  then  we  are  met 


with  another  independent  proof  that  the 
deluge  did  not  extend  to  those  regions  of 
the  eorth."  (p.  164.) 

In  order  to  overcome  the  difficulties 
which  appear  in  the  great  question, 
lying  between  the  Mosaic  narrative 
and  the  geological  discoveries,  Mr. 
Babbage  has  suggested  that  "  we  can- 
not so  depend  upon  our  ability  to  con- 
strue the  ancient  Hebrew  language  so 
as  to  be  sure  that  we  have  correctly  in- 
terpreted the  archaic  documents  before 
us."  This  position,  however,  is  easily 
disproved.  Prof.  B.  Powell  considers 
"  that  the  comment  of  Genesis  was  not 
intended  for  an  historical  narrative,  and 
if  the  representation  cannot  have  been 
designed  for  literal  history,  it  only  re- 
mains to  regard  it  as  having  been  in- 
tended for  the  better  ioforcement  of 
its  objects  in  the  language  of  Jlywet 
and  ;7oe/ry  :"  that  the  trutii,  in  fact, 
was  veiled  in  apologue  and  parable, 
and  that  a  more  striking  representation 
of  the  greatness  and  majesty  of  the 
Divine  power  was  intended  by  embody- 
ing the  expression  of  them  in  the  Ian- 
guage  of  aromatic  action  (see  Cons,  of 
Nat.  and  Div.  Truth,  by  the  Rev.  ^ 
Powell,  p.  260.)  This  Dr.  Pya  Smith 
considers  also  to  be  unnecessary  and 
untenable. 

Dr.  Pye  Smith  then  examines  the 
hypothesis  by  which  the  six  days  of 
the  creation  were  so  interpreted  as  to 
mean  six  long  indefinite  periods.  Sqch 
was  Cuvier's,  and  such,  we  may  ai^d, 
w^as  Bishop  Horsley's  opinion,  as  well 
as  others ;  but,  upon  investigation,  this 
interpretation  cannot  be  received ;  for 
which  sufficient  reasons  are  alleged. 
Then  he  proceeds  to  refute  the  hypo- 
thesis of  those  who  regard  the  interval 
from  the  creation  to  tlie  deluge  as  bu$- 
cient  to  afford  a  sufficient  lapse  of  time 
for  the  deposition  of  the  chief  part  of 
the  stratified  formations;  which  is 
proved  to  be  contrary  to  the  conviction 
of  the  most  learned  and  qualified  judges. 

So  far  we  have  been  employed  |i^ 
stating  difficulties,  or  in  sliowipg  the 
weakness  of  erroneous  arguments  an4 
rash  conjectures.  We  -now  prpaeed  ^ 
give  a  very  brief  summary  of  our  au- 
thor's method  of  understanding  the 
Mosaic  account  of  the  creation  and  of 
the  flood,  which  appears  to  him  to  be 
just  and  safe.  Dr.  Smith  seems  to  m- 
provc  of  the  Nebular  theory^  and  con- 


1 840.]         R£TiEW.-^mith'8  Holy  Scrijftur^i  and  Geohgy. 

Rulers  that  God  or igi Dally  gave  being 
to  the  prioMeval  elements  of  things,  the 
small  number  of  simple  bodies,  endow- 
ing them  each  with  its  own  properties. 
As  regards  the  meaning  of  the  word 
"  Earth,"  both  in  the  first  verse  and 
throughout  the  whole  description  of 
the  six  days,  as  designed  to  express 
"  the  part  of  nur  world  which  God  was 
adapting  for  the  dwelling  of  man  and 
the  animals  connected  with  him,*'  Dr. 
Smith  says,  "  it  never  entered  into  the 
purpose  of  revelation  to  teach  men 
geographical  facts  or  any  other  kind 
of  physical  knowledge."  Dr.  Smith 
does  not  consider  that  wc  need  extend 
the  narrative  of  the  six  days  to  a  wider 
application  than  this,  "  that  the  Deity 
by  a  series  of  oi>crations  adjusted  and 
furnished  the  earth  generally;  but, as 
the  particular  subject  under  considera- 
tion here,  a  portion  of  its  surface  for 
most  glorious  purposes,  &c.  This 
portion  of  the  earth  he  conceives 
to  be  a  large  part  of  Asia,  lying 
between  the  Caucasian  ridge, — the 
Caspian  sea  and  Tartary  on  the  north, 
the  Persian  and  Indian  seas  on  the 
south,  and  the  high  mountain  ridges 
on  the  eastern  and  western  flanks  ;  he 
considers  that  man,  first  created,  and 
for  many  ages  afterwards,  did  not 
extend  his  race  beyond  these  limits, 
and  therefore  had  no  connection    with 

the  extreme  east,  the  Indian  isles,  Africa, 

Km  rope,  and  Am(*rica,  on  which  regions 

jrc  have  ocular  demonstration  that  ancient 
and  reyetahle  creatures  had  existed  to  a 
vast  amount,  uninterruptedly,  through 
periods  past,  of  indescribable  duration. 

Secondly.   This   region  was  first,   by 

atmospheric  and  geological  causes,  of 
previous  operation,  under  the  will  of 
the  Almighty,  brought  into  a  condition 

of  superficial  ruin,   or  some   general 

disorder ;    and  that  this  state  might 

have  been  produced  by  the  subsidence 

of  the  region.     Then  "darkness  was 

upon  the  face  of  the  deep,"  but  by 

a  series  of   operations    the    creation 

was  perfected, — the  land  was  clothed 

with  vegetation — animals  were  pro- 
duced ;    last  of   all,  God  formed  his 

noblest    creature,    man.       Here    Dr. 

.Smith  repeats  what  we  consider  to 

l>e  an   indisputable  truth,   that    the 

primitive    document,    i.  e.    the    1st 

chapter  of  Genesis,   was    framed    in 

conformity    to    the    phraseology     of 

simple  man  in  anpolishcd  times,  and 


391 


that  the  successive  processes  are  de- 
scribed in  a  child-like  conversation 
form,  as,  let  there  be  light ;  Ut  us  make 
man,  &c.  Here  a  curious  question 
occurs,  of  which  Dr.  Buckland  has 
treated  in  a  late  sermon,  of  the  do- 
minion of  pain  and  death  over  the 
animal  creation  in  all  periods  of  tit 
existence. 

The  next  important  point  of  con-^ 
sideration  is,  "  the  account  of  the 
Noachian  deluge."  From  the  dis- 
coveries of  Geology  the  conclusion  ia 
drawn  that — 

'*  From  the  remote  point  of  time  in 
which  vestiges  of  life  first  appear,  there 
never  was  a  period  when  life  was  extinct 
on  the  globe ;  that  the  view  of  the  surface 
of  the  earth  in  large  districts  shows  that 
the  disturbances  it  suffered  were  not 
owing  to  any  one  transient  flood,  or  a 
deluge  so  briqfas  that  of  Noah,  but  give 
evidence  of  an  antiquity  reaching  farther 
back  than  that ;  also,  it  Is  impossible  that 
the  vegetable  and  animal  creation  hate 
all  proceeded  from  one  spot,  as  a  centre 
of  ancestry  ;  also,  that  the  inhabitants  of 
man  y  regions  should  have  migrated  from  va« 
nous  others.  Further,  it  has  been  observed 
that  the  water  required  to  cover  the  whole 
globe  would  be  an  addition  to  the  present 
ocean  of  eight  times  its  quantity ; — the 
preservation  of  all  animals  in  the  ark 
would  be  something  beyond  all  calcu- 
lation. Then  Dr.  Smith  mentions  '  the 
difficulty  if  we  suppose  that  the  resthu^ 
place  of  the  ark  was  the  mount  Aram 
pointed  out  by  tradition,  of  conceiving  bor# 
the  eight  human  persons  and  their  aoeon- 
panying  animals  could  descend  adeWn 
the  precipitous  cliffs,  a  difficulty  whieh 
amounts  to  an  impossibility,  unlese  weeall 
in  the  aid  of  Divine  Power,  operating  im 
the  way  of  miracle.'  From  any  of  these 
considerations,  the  probabilifjr  of  an 
universalljf  contemporaneous  flood  is,  to 
say  the  least,  rendered  very  small;  hA 
their  united  force  appears  to  sde  decMte 
of  the  negative  to  this  question.** 

Dr.  Smith  then  proceeds  to  show 
that  in  Scripture  universal  terms  are 
oflcn  used  to  signify  only  a  very  Utrge 
amount  in  number  and  quantity  (p.  304), 
as  "the  famine  was  upon  all  the 
earth,"  "all  the  earth  came  to 
Kgypt/*  &c- »  "  ^here  were  daily  at 
Jerusalem  Jews,  devout  men  out  of 
every  nation  under  Heaven,"  "all 
the  earth  sought  the  presence  of  So- 
lomon." Passages  arc  numerous 
where  the  phrase  "all  the  earth" 
signifies  only  the  country  of  Palestine. 
In  a  few  places  it  denotes  the  Chaldeav 


392  Rrvibw. — Smith's  Holy  Scriptures  and  Geologg. 


[Aj«I, 


empire,  in  one  that  of  Alexander. 
From  these  instances  of  Scripture 
idiom  the  author  thinks  that  the 
terms  in  which  the  Noachian  flood 
is  mentioned  do  not  oblige  us  to  un- 
derstand a  literal  universality.  If  so 
much  of  the  earth  was  overflowed  as 
was  occupied  by  the  human  race,  both 
the  physical  and  moral  ends  of  that 
visitation  were  answered. 
The  author  considers  that  in  the  days 

m 

of  Noah,  the  human  population  had 
not  spread  itself  far  from  its  original 
seat, — the  country  of  Kden, — that  its 
number  was  really  small ;  and  that  it 
was  in  a  course  of  rapid  progress 
towards  an  extreme  reduction,  which 
would  have  issued  in  not  a  very  dis- 
tant extinction.  Dr.  Smith  then  takes 
the  seat  of  the  antediluvian  population 
to  be  Central  Asia,  which  lies  conside- 
rably below  the  level  of  the  sea.  In 
addition  to  the  tremendous  rain,  he 
might  suppose  an  elevation  of  the 
bed  of  the  Persian  and  Indian 
seas;  or  a  subsidence  of  the  land 
toward  the  south ;  and  we  have  suffi- 
cient causes  for  submerging  the  whole 
district,  and  destroying  all  life  that 
was  not  preserved  in  the  Ark.  Opi- 
nions are  then  given  from  former 
writers  of  authority,  showing  their  be- 
lief that  the  flood  need  not,  from  any 
expression  of  Scripture,  be  supposed  to 
be  universal ;  as  from  Stillingfleet,  who 
says  "  the  flood  was  universal  as  to 
mankind"  from  Mat.  Poole,  the  author 
of  the  Synopsis,  who  says,  "  it  is  not 
to  be  supposed  that  the  entire  globe  of 
the  earth  was  covered  with  water; 
but  only  over  the  habitable  world, 
where  either  men  or  beasts  lived, 
which  was  as  much  as  either  the  meri- 
torious cause  of  the  flood,  the  sins  of 
men,  or  the  end  of  it,  the  destruction  of 
all  men  and  beasts,  required."  In  the 
same  way  Le  Clerc  and  Rosenmiiller 
might  be  quoted.  Lastly,  Dr.  Pye 
Smith  has  met  the  objection  that 
might  be  advanced  as  to  the  differenc 
between  the  language  of  Scripture,  and 
the  explanation  given  by  him  and 
others  of  the  facts,  which  are  men- 
tioned in  the  inspired  writings ;  and 


he  says,  justly,  '' The  Mosaic  nar- 
rative is  80  expressed  in  that  style  of 
condescension  suited  to  the  men  of 
primoeval  times.  Yet,  when  read  and 
understood  by  the  conversion  of  what 
is  figurative  and  idiomatical  into  plain 
diction,  it  is  ti  failftful  description  of  the 
facts  that  did  occur,  and  the  method 
and  order  of  their  concurrence."  Dr. 
Smith  then  sums  up  his  conclusions  :— 

'*  I  speak  my  own  conviction,  that  the 
alleged  discrepancy  between  theHoly  Scrip- 
tures and  the  discoveries  of  scientific  in- 
vestigation, is  not  in  reality,  but  in  sem- 
blance only ;  in  particular,  that  the 
Scriptures  fairly  interpreted  are  not 
adverse  to  a  belief  in  an  immeMiinldy 
high  antiquity  of  the  earth;  in  the 
reference  of  the  six  days'  work  to  a 
part  only  of  the  earth's  surface ;  in  the 
position  of  several  centres  of  creation 
distinct  from  each  other,  on  the  surface  of 
the  globe ;  in  the  reign  of  death  over  the 
inferior  animals,  from  the  earliest  exist- 
ence of  organised  earthly  beings ;  and  in 
a  limited  existence  of  the  Deluge^  which 
swept  away  the  remnant  of  a  self-destroy- 
ing race,  saving  one  family,  *  which  found 
grace  in  the  eyes  of  the  Lord.'  *  *  It  fol- 
lows then,  that  the  Bible  fairly  inter- 
preted, erects  no  bar  against  the  most 
free  and  extensive  investigation,  the  most 
comprehensive  and  searching  induction. 
Let  but  the  investigation  be  sufficient,  and 
the  induction  honest.  Let  experiment 
penetrate  into  all  the  recesses  of  nature ; 
let  the  veil  of  ages  be  lifted  up  from  all 
that  has  been  hitherto  unknown ;  religion 
need  not  fear ;  Christianity  is  secure ;  and 
true  science  will  always  pay  homage  to 
the  divine  Creator  and  Sovereign."  &c. 

As  regards  the  interpretation  of  the 
language  of  Scripture,  and  the  nature 
of  that  language,  we  shall  add  the  high 
testimony  of  Mr.  Coleridge.  "Tne 
language  of  Scripture  on  natural  ob- 
jects is  as  strictly  philosophical  as 
that  of  the  Newtonian  system,  perhaps 
more  so ;  for  it  is  not  only  equally 
true,  but  it  is  universal  among  man- 
kind and  unchangable.  It  de$eribes 
facts  of  appearance,  and  what  other 
language  would  have  been  consistent 
with  divine  wisdom  ? "  &c.  * 


*  See  Coleridge's  Literary  Remains,  vol.  i.  p.  3S4,  for  the  publication  of  whidi 
and  of  other  works  of  his  Uncle,  we  feel  most  grateful  to  Mr.  Nelson  Coleridge ;  they 
form  a  noble  monument  to  the  late  Mr.  Coleridge's  memory,  and  must  be  hddin  the 
highest  admiration  by  all  who  can  estimate  the  extraordinary  extent  of  his  levmingf 


1840.] 


Retiew.— Milnes's  Poems, 


393 


Poems.  PyR.  MonctonMilnes.  2  vols. 

POETRY,  says  Milton,  "should  be 
simple,  sensuous,  passionate."     This 
is  its  perfect  and  complete  state;  from 
which,  of  course,  most  poems  in  differ- 
ent degrees  depart,  and  below  the  de- 
mands of  which  most  fall.     The  de- 
fect of  our  authors  would  be  found  in 
their  not  fulfilling  the  second  quality 
— not  being  sufTiciently  sensuous  :  and 
it  is  from  this  being  wanting,  that  their 
real  merits  have  not  been   noticed  as 
they  deserve.     No  poetry  that  is  not 
"  sensuous,"   will  please  the  public ; 
and  that  which  is,  witness  Lord  By- 
ron's poems,    will  please  in  spite  of 
great    defects   and    omissions.       Mr. 
Milnes's   poetry   is   of  a   meditative, 
tranquil  kind  ;  delighting  in  describing 
the  gentle  emotions  and  the  amiable 
feelings  and  passions  of  the  mind  :  it 
is   therefore    "passionate."      It  has 
some  resemblance  to  the  manner  of 
Wordswoith,    presenting    a   minuter 
analysis  of  the  processes  of  thought, 
than  poetry  greatly  delights  in.     The 
versification  is  melodious  and  correct, 
the  language  easy  and  elegant ;  *  but 
there  is  a  considerable  difference  in 
the  respective  merits  of  the   poems, 
which  have    been  composed,    it   ap- 
pears, during  many  years.     We  shall 
give  a  few  specimens,  which  will  de- 
clare their  own  merit. 

O.N  Lady  C.  m  dbclinino  health. 
"  Geutly  supportf^d  by  the  ready  aid 
<  )f  lovini^  hands,  whose  little  work  of  toil 
Her  gThXetul  pro<li^lity  repaid 
>Vith  all  the  ben«<liction  of  her  imile, 
She  turned  her  failing  feet 
To  the  soft  pillow'd  seat, 
Dispensing  kindly  greetings  all  the  while. 

"  Before  the  tranquil  beauty  of  her  face 

I  bow'd  in  spirit,  thinking  that  she  were 

A  suffering  angel,  whom  the  special  grace 

C>f  Go<l  intmsted  to  our  pious  care. 

That  we  might  learn  from  her 

The  art  to  minister 

To  heavenly  beings  in  seraphic  air. 


"  Tliere  seemM  to  lie  a  weight  upon  her  brain. 

That  ever  press 'd  her  bluc-velnM  eyelids  down. 

But  could  not  dim  her  lustrous  eyes  with  pain. 

Nor  seam  her  forehead  with  the  faintest  frown. 

She  was  as  she  were  proud 

.So  young,  to  be  allowM 

To  follow  Him  who  wore  the  thorny  crown. 

"  Nor  was  she  sad,  but  over  every  mood 

To  which  her  lightly-pliant  mind  gave  birth, 

Gracefully  changing,  did  a  spirit  brood 

Of  quiet  gaiety  and  serenest  mirth. 

And  then  her  voice  did  flow 

So  beautifully  low, 

A  stream  whose  music  was  no  thing  of  earth. 

**  Woman  divine  *  ideal,  best-beloved ; 

Hers  was  thy  image  realised  to  me  : 

In  sensible  existence  lived  and  moved, 

The  vision  of  my  sacred  phantasy. 

Madonna !  Mary  mine ! 

Her  look,  her  smile  was  thine— 

And  gaxing  on  that  form  I  worshipped  thee." 

Death  in  Liri. 
"  I  pray  you,  dearest  friend,  nrge  me  no  more 

To  clothe  my  thoughts  in  melody  and  rhyme. 
And  lay  them  out  upon  the  open  shore. 

To  catch  the  breexes  of  this  wayward  time. 

"  For  you,  who  know  the  sum  of  my  hardfkte. 
Should  be  the  last  to  urge  so  hard  a  suit ; 

When  the  heart  reela  beneath  misfortune's 
weight, 
Oh  I  let  the  hand  be  still,  the  lips  be  mute. 

*'  You  know  what  I  have  won,  what  I  have 

lost— 

You  saw  the  glory,  tee  yon  not  the  gloom  ? 

Are  not  my  hairs  all  blancht  with  misery'i 

frost, 

Do  I  not  breathe  the  vapour  of  the  tomb  f 

"  But  even  were  I,  as  I  would  be,  calm, 
Thought  I,  when  she  is  gone,  that  I  couldfo ; 

Had  Hope  and  Memory  full  store  of  balm. 
To  heal  the  ceaseless  soreness  of  the  blow : 

"  Even  then,  in  this  my  solitary  lot, 
With  every  fibre  of  my  soul  onstmog, 

How  should  I  sing  to  those  who  know  me  not? 
How  would  they  listen  while  the  straogtr 
sung ! 

*<  In  truth,  I  do  not  hate  the  general  world: 
I  hold  my  brother-mortals  (kr  too  dear, 

To  watch  unhurt  the  critic's  lip  upcurrd, 
To  meet  with  smiles  the  pedant's  silent  sneer. 


the  vigour  of  his  intellect,  the  subtlety  and  originality  of  his  reasoning,  and  the  high 
polish  and  exactness  of  his  taste.  A  note  in  Mr.  Hallam's  late  work  reminds  iis» 
that  if  we  recollect  rightly,  Mr.  N.  Coleridge  has  not  given  us  among  his  Uncle  • 
Poetical  Reroaini ,  the  introductory  lines  to  one  of  the  Books  of  Joan  of  Arc.  in  the 
first  edition  ;  this  should  not  be  oveHooked,  as  the  original  edition  is  now  not  to  b« 
procured,  and  the  lines  are  too  fine  to  bo  buried  in  the  oblivion  of  an  edition,  long 
since  superseded  and  forgotten. 

♦  P.  2.    «•  Ensample  work  "  is  bad  enough  ;  nor  do  we  Uke  "  Gueriiott,"  p.  168 1 
nor  p.  120,  **  Athlete  mind.** 

GiNT.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII.  3  E 


394 


Review.'— Fair's  Remedy  far  NaAonalDUtriBS. 


[Aiwa. 


"And  if  perchance  my  wavering  spirit  swenred, 
Or  failed  in  words  to  mark  the  imaged  aim ; 

How  would  they  judge  the  penalty  deserved, 
How  would  they  weigh  the  pity  and  the  blame? 

"  I  am  too  faint  to  scorn  what  they  reprove, 
Too  broken  to  confront  their  rigid  law. 

Who  have  no  mantle  of  fkmiliar  love 
To  shield  the  frailty  and  conceal  the  flaw. 

"  It  was  not  thus  when  she  was  by  my  side, 
Under  whose  eye  the  current  of  my  song. 

In  all  the  power  and  bliss  of  peaceful  pride. 
Transparent  with  her  beauty  flowed  along. 

"  How  little  reck'd  I  then  what  others  thought. 
What  others  said,  the  many  and  the  cold ; 

Her  dear  content  was  all  the  praise  I  sought. 
And  with  her  smile  what  bosom  were  not  bold. 

"  This  is  all  gone !  but  her  immortal  part 
Still  holds  communion  with  its  former  home, 

That  inmost  charter  of  the  lover's  heart 
Where  even  you  and  friendship  cannot  come. 

"  And  when  this  image  of  my  glory  fled. 
Attunes  the  discord  to  its  holy  will ; 

Though  not  a  word  be  ifrit,  or  uttered. 
It  matters  not— 1  am  the  poet  still. 

"  So  let  me  rest— nor  think  that  yon  can  bless 
My  joyless  life  with  hope  of  other  fame, 

Than  that  the  memory  of  her  loveliness 
May  live  in  union  with  my  humble  name. " 


A  Remedy  for  the  Distresses  of  the 
Nation,  8fc,  By  the  Rev,  Thomas 
Farr. 

THE  author  of  this  very  ingenious 
and  interesting  brochure  endeavours 
to  prove  the  following  points,  which 
must  be  1  considered  sufficiently  im- 
portant : — 

1.  That  the  present  Corn  Laws 
cause  a  loss  of  50,000,0002.  to  this 
country. 

2.  That  they  deprive  the  Govern- 
ment of  a  revenue  of  3,000,000/. 

3.  That  if  the  author's  plan  be 
adopted,  bullion  will  no  longer  be  ex- 
ported,  and  the  exchanges  be  in  a 
healthy  state. 

4.  That  the  positive  value  of  land 
will  be  increased  20  per  cent,  and  all 
fixed  incomes  in  the  same  proportion. 

5.  That  5,000,0002.  additional  in- 
come  will  be  at  the  disposal  of  Govern- 
ment, all  of  which  will  be  paid  by  the 
foreigner. 

6.  That  half  the  custom  and  excise 
duties,  amounting  to  36,000,0002.  may 
be  taken  off,  and  a  surplus  revenue  of 
4,000,000/.  be  left  at  the  disposal  of 
Gk)vernment 

The  manner  in  which  such  golden 
promises  are  to  be  reaJized  is  the  fol- 
lowing : — 


1.  The  loss  of  50,000,0001.  to  the 
country  by  the  present  Com  Laws  is 
occasioned  by  the  present  scale  of  dn- 
ties.  Forty  millions  sterling,  (the 
amount  of  eight  shillings  a  quarter  on 
a  hundred  millions  of  qaarters,)  being 
paid  by  the  working  classes  into  the 
pockets  of  the  landlords.  The  author 
advocates  a  fixed  duty  at  60f.  bat  now 
corn  is  prohibited  coming  in  till  the 
average  is  above  70«. 

2.  Government  would  have  a  reve- 
nue of  4,000,000/.  by  adopting  a  fixed 
duty  instead  of  receiving  1«.  7d.  daty 
for  3,500,000  quarters  of  wheat. 

3.  With  a  fixed  and  not  a  fluctuat- 
ing duty  bullion  would  not  quit  this 
country,  nor  would  the  exchanges  fall 
below  par ;  the  fluctuating  duty  in- 
creases the  rate  of  discount  from  three 
to  six  per  cent,  and  in  some  cases  to 
twelve  and  fifteen  per  cent. 

4 .  The  fluctuating  motion  of  the  com 
duty  renders  it  necessary  for  the  mer- 
chant to  pay  by  bills  instead  of  s^od- 
ing  goods.  Cotton  is  subject  to  a  JEM 
duty,  and  consequently  no  gold  is  ex- 
ported in  payment  for  it. 

*'  What  I  complain  of  (says  the  aiitbor) 
is,  that  the  present  Com  Laws»  althoufh 
the  agricultarist  lays  that  60s.  is  a  1^ 
average  price,  prevent  com  coming  in 
until  it  is  rather  above  70t.;  that  from  three 
to  five  millions  of  quarters  of  grain  have 
been  imported,  and  a  very  small  daty, 
amoanting  to  some  hundred  thoosandi  of 
pounds,  nas  been  received,  when  we  might 
have  made  the  foreigner  pay  us  between 
two  and  three  millons,  and  the  grain  woaM 
have  cost  ui  a  fourth  less,  a  smaller  quan- 
tity of  bullion  would  have  been  sent  oat  of 
the  country,  and  a  smaller  quantity  of  biUi 
would  have  been  drawn— the  ezebangsi 
would  have  been  higher.  Nay  I  maintaip 
that  had  the  duty  heenflsta  instead  of 
fluctuating f  the  fear  of  being  caught  in 
the  corn  trap  having  been  done  away  with, 
neither  bills  nor  gold  would  have  been 
sent  out  of  this  country,  the  Bank  of  Eng- 
land would  not  have  been  forced  to  curtail 
its  issues,  nor  have  raised  the  price  of  dis- 
count," &c. 

5.  The  increase  of  twenty  per  cent-  in 
the  value  of  land  will  be  derived  from  a 
fall  of  icages  consequent  on  greater 
cheapness  of  commodities ;  in  the  same 
way  it  would  of  course  increase  in 
all  fixed  incomes. 

Lastly,  the  author  urges  the  pro- 
priety and  justice  of  altering  the  sys- 
tem of  taxation ;  of  taking  off  modi  of 


1640.]         RfiTiBW. — Timperley*8  Diclionury  qf  Printers. 


395 


the  Custom  and  Excise  duties,  which 
of  course  press  upon  the  poor;  and 
laying  on  a  property  tax  of  eight  per 
cent,  which  is  much  less  than  in  most 
European  countries,  where  it  seems  in 
some  shape  or  other  to  vary  between 
fifteen  and  twenty-five  per  cent. 

We  think  this  Pamphlet  to  be  high- 
ly   creditable    to   the  author's   abili- 
ties ;  his  observation  has  been  exces- 
sive, his  principles  philosophical  and 
just,  his  deductions  fair  and  logical, 
and  his    calculations   worked   out  in 
most  cases  with  fullness  and  accuracy. 
His  object  is  equally  to  support  agricul- 
ture, aud  to  relieve  commerce  and  trade ; 
to  make  property  pay  to  the  State,  and 
not  labour  ;  to  relieve  the  mechanic  and 
artisan,  and  to  demand  of  the  capital- 
ist his  just  share  towards  the  public 
burdens.     Assuredly  those  who  take 
the  opposite  side  of  the  question,  and 
would  insist  on  the  country  support- 
ing its  own  population  with  its  own 
corn,  do  not  take  into  consideration 
the  rapid  increase  of  that  population  ; 
which  we  believe  proceeds  at  more  than 
one  and  half  per  cent,  annually.     As 
far  as  we  understand  from  our  author, 
there  is  about  twenty  per  cent,  differ- 
ence  of  price   between  England  and 
other  European  countries ;  as  popula- 
tion   and    manufactures  are  also   in- 
creasing in  other  countries  as  well  as 
our   own,   we   may   expect    that  the 
price   of  wheat   will  advance   in   the 
foreign   markets ;  aud  that   a   nearer 
approximation  will  take  place  of  our 
rcUtive  prices,  which  will  be  most  de- 
sirable, as  removing  much  discontent, 
and   placing  our  manufacturers  in  a 
sounder  condition,  and  with  a  more 
equal  competition  before  them. 


A  Dictionary  of  Print er»  and  Printing, 
with  thfi  Proyrfis  of  Literature  an- 
rieni  and  modern ;  Bibliographical  Il- 
lustrations, 8fc,  By  C.  tl.  Timper- 
ley,  large  8i'o.  ;*/>.  10(X). 

THIS  is  a  very  valuable  volume; 
and  the  history  of  it,  with  that  of  its 
author,  deserves  to  be  told.  And  first 
of  the  author.  Mr.  Timperley  was  born 
at  Manchester,  and  was  educated  at 
the  free  grammar-school,  then  under 
tlie  Rev.  T.  Gaskell.  In  March  1810, 
at  the  tigjc  of  15,  he  enlisted  into  the 
thirtv-tiiird  regiment  of  foot,  from 
which  he  was  discharged,  in  conse- 


quence of  wounds  received  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Waterloo.  Having  been  appren- 
ticed to  an  engraver  and  copper- plate 
printer,  he  resumed  the  latter  trade  on 
retiring  from  the  army ;  but  in  1821 
he  adopted  the  vocation  of  aletter-preta 
printer,  under  indenture  to  Messrs. 
Dicey  and  Smithson,  proprietors  of  the 
Northampton  Mercury ;  to  whose  kind 
advice  and  direction  he  acknowledges 
bis  obligations.  He  then  became  anx- 
ious to  learn  the  history  of  his  adopted 
profession,  and  whilst  following  that 
pursuit  he  compiled  two  lectures  which 
were  read  before  the  Warwick  and 
Leamington  Literary  and  Scientific  In- 
stitution, were  favourably  received, 
and  form  part  of  the  present  work.  At 
Nottingham  be  published  "  Songs  of 
the  Press,"  and  he  has  since  published 
at  Manchester  a  "  Printer's  Manual," 
and  "  Annals  of  Manchester." 

The  present  arduous  undertaking  has 
been  accomplished   without   the  au- 
thor's having  neglected  his  labours  in 
the  printing  ofilce,  in  time  wholly  ab- 
stra^ed  from  rest  or  recreation.  Writ- 
ten under  these  discouraging  circum- 
stances, this  work  must  be  considered 
a  singular  proof  of  great  diligence  in 
collecting,  and  considerable  tact  in  ar- 
ranging, an  immense  mass  of  informa- 
tion, taken  from  the  best  aources  of 
bibliographical  and  biographical  infor- 
mation.    Almost  the  whole  contents 
of  several  eminent  works  appear,  in- 
deed, to  have    been   condensed  into 
Mr.  I'imperley'schronological  arrange- 
ment.    Among  these  may  be  enume- 
rated  the    labours   of  A.  Cjarke,  R. 
Watt,  W.  Beloe,  S.  E.  Brydges,  Sa- 
vage, Ottley,  Singer,  Dibdin,  Home, 
Nichols,    Townley,    Greswell,    D'la- 
raeli ;  and  the  works  on  Printing,  by 
Ames,  Herbert,  Luckombe,  Lemoine, 
Stower,  and  Hansard ;  and  '*  though  last 
not  least   (says  Mr.  Timperley)    the 
pages  of  Mr.  Urban,  for  the  notices  of 
modern    printers    and    booksellera/' 
From  these  and  numerous  other  aa- 
thors,    as  from  so    many    perennial 
springs  of  valuable  information,  Mr. 
Timperley  has  confidently   borrowed 
whatever  could  in  the  remotest  degret 
bear  upon   his  subject ;  we  wish  we 
could  add,  always  with  due  acknow- 
ledgment, as  then  the  degree  of  au- 
thority would  have  been  apparent,  and 
the   reader  might    have  pursued   the 
subject  with  advantage,  if  he  wished  so 


396 


Review.— Tlmperley's  Dictionary  of  Printers.  [A()ril, 


todo;  butas  Mr.  Timperley's  object  was 
compression,  so  as  tu  render  the  work 
as  cheap  as  possible  to  the  community 
at  large,  but  more  particularly  to  his 
brethren  of  the  trade,  he  thought,  pro- 
bably«  that  the  citati-^n  of  his  autho- 
rities  would  have  added  considerably 
to  the  size  of  the  work. 

Mr.  Timperley's  principal  aim  has 
been,  to  record — 

**  The  names  and  deeds  of  ancient 
and  modern  typographers,  who  have  be- 
nefited literature  by  their  labours,  soci- 
ety by  their  exertions,  and  whose  conduct 
it  would  be  easy  to  adopt,  and  desirable  to 
emulate ;  not  forgetting  many  of  our  hum- 
ble artists,  whose  meritorious  conduct 
when  living  obtained  the  meed  of  praise  ; 
and  whose  honourable  industry  deserves 
to  be  recorded  as  a  laudable  example  tu 
the  young  Typographer  who  wishes  to 
obtain  respect  from  his  fellow-men." 

But  the  work  is  not  confined  to 
Printing  and  Printers  only ;  almost 
every  author,  bookseller,  and  other 
person  connected  in  the  slightest  de- 
gree with  literature,  are  either  noticed 
in  the  text  or  brought  into  a  note.  For 
instance,  all  the  booksellers  whose 
characters  are  so  quaintly  drawn  by 
Dunton,  are  introduced  into  this 
work,  though  sometimes  a  good  deal 
out  of  their  chronological  order. 

The  origin  and  progress  of  News- 
papers, and  the  various  laws  and  du- 
ties relating  to  them,  are  all  recorded, 
not  forgetting  the  mistake  respecting 
the  supposed  origin  of  the  English 
Newspapers,  in  the  time  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  (as  first  given  by  G. 
Chalmers,)  and  lately  exposed  by  Mr. 
Watts  of  the  British  Museum,  Csce 
oui'  Mag.  for  Jan.  p.  Gl)  ;  but  in  this 
Mr.  Timperley  errs  in  good  com- 
pany. 

The  Introduction  treats  of  the  origin 
of  language  ;  and  the  modes  used  by 
the  ancients  in  transmitting  knowledge 
before  the  invention  of  Printing.  After 
detailing  and  combating  the  opinions 
of  those  authors  who  consider  the  in- 
vention of  language  and  alphabetical 
characters  as  of  human  origin,  Mr. 
Timperley  comes  to  the  conclusion,  that 
oar  first  parents  received  the  blessing 
of  language  by  divine  inspiration.  The 
whole  essay  is  creditable  to  its  author. 

In  his  first  chapter^  Mr.  Timperley 
tnteri  upon   the  state  of  literature 


prior  to  the  invention  of  Printing  ;  in 
this  part  of  the  work  will  be  found 
many  particulars  of  Stage  Mysteries 
and  other  curious  matters  ;  the  history 
of  block  printing ;  much  interesting 
biography,  &c. 

The  invention  of  letter-press  printing 
is  then  detailed;  and  the  merit  of  thegreat 
invention,  about  the  year  1420,  as- 
cribed to  Guttenburg,  a  native  of 
Mentz,  but  then  resident  at  Strasburg. 
From  that  period  to  the  present  day, 
the  history  of  this  all- important  art 
is  chronogically  traced,  century  after 
century,  intermixed  with  the  biogra- 
phies of  printers,  booksellers,  authors, 
and  all  persons  connected  with  the  art. 
In  a  volume  consisting  of  1000  pages 
of  very  small  type,  (equal  to  4000 
pages  of  common  sized  octavos)  de- 
tailing innumerable  facts,  names  and 
dates,  it  would  not  be  difficult  to  de- 
tect many  slight  mistakes ;  but  these 
detract  very  little  from  the  general 
merit  of  the  work,  which,  with  its 
author,  is  deserving,  and  we  hope  will 
receive,  public  support.  In  conclusion, 
we  will  make  a  few  remarks,  to  be 
corrected  in  any  new  edition. 

P.  206.  The  lines  on  the  Aldine 
Anchor,  attributed  to  Sir  E.  Brydges, 
are  the  production  of  the  Rev.  J.  M it- 
ford  ;  Mr.  Timperley  was  led  into  the 
error  by  the  History  of  Bookbinding, 
as  noticed  in  our  Review  of  that  Work, 
Vol.  VIII.  (N.  S.)  p.  272. 

P.  261.  Two  notes  on  Coverdale's 
Bible  contradict  each  other.  The  first 
details  where  copies  of  this  rare  volume 
are  to  be  found ;  the  second  says  no 
perfect  copy  exists.  There  are  no  re- 
ferences to  the  notes  in  the  text. 

P.  269.  To  Bp.  Bale's  published 
dramatic  pieces,  may  now  be  added, 
the  play  of  King  Johan,  lately  edited 
by  J.  Payne  Collier,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  for 
the  Camden  Society. 

P.  415.  For  Archbishop  Nare's, 
read  Archdeacon  Nares.  By  the  way, 
the  apostrophe  frequently  makes  an 
error  in  this  volume. 

P.  732.  For  Newberrj',  readNew- 
bery. 

P.  761.  Under  the  head  of  W. 
Richardson  is  introduced  a  portion  of 
the  history  of  Richard  Gough,  show- 
ing his  early  attachment  to  collecting 
books  ;  but  there  is  no  account  of  this 
eminent  writer  and  historian  of  books 


1 840.]  Review.— Timperley's  DicUonary  of  Printers, 


397 


under  the  day  of  his  death,  Feb.  20, 
1809.  (See  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  LXXIX.) 

P.  760.  The  death  of  T.  Fisher, 
printer,  Rochester,  is  noticed.  That 
of  his  more  distinguished  son,  Thomas 
Fisher,  Esq.  F.S.A.,  might  have  been 
added.  He  died  July  20,  183G.  (See 
Gent.  Mag.  N.S.  vol.  VI.  p.  434.) 

P.  610.  Mr.  Timperley  seems  to 
doubt  whether  John  Partridge  the 
almanac-maker,  immortalised  by  Dean 
Swift,  isaicalname.  Of  this  he  maybe 
convinced  by  reading  the  following 
epitaph,  now  in  Mortlakc  church- 
yard. 

*•  J  OH  ANN  US  Partridgk,  ostrologus 
et  inedic'inie  doctor,  natus  est  apud  East 
Sheen  in  comitatu  Surrey,  H<»  die  Januarii 
anno  HM4,  et  mortuus  est  Londini  24** 
die  Junii  anno  1715.  Medicinam  fecit  du- 
ohiis  Regibus,  unique  Reginae,  Carolo 
scilicet  Sicundo,  Williclmi  Tertio,  Regi- 
na.>(|ue  Mariic.  Creatui  Medicinw  Doc- 
tor Lugduni  Batavoruni." 

It  is  stated,  however,  in  the  Gen- 
tleman's Magazine  for  1785,  that  his 
real  name  was  Hcwson,  and  that  he 
assumed  that  of  Partridge.  (See  a  me- 
moir of  him  and  his  works,  Gent.  Mag. 
vol.  LV.  p.  267.) 

P.  738.  James  Christie,  Esq.  the 
learned  son  and  able  successor  of  his 
father,  died  Feb.  2,  1831,  aged  58. 
(See  a  Memoir  in  Gent.  Mag.  for  May 
is:u,  p.  471.) 

P.  793.  Speaking  of  the  present  T. 
N.  Longman,  the  celebrated  bookseller. 
It  is  jaid,  "  he  carried  on  the  bubincss 
of  a  bookbcllor  hitherto  unknown." 
Thia  aiticlc  i-*  borrowed  from  the 
Literary  Anecdotes,  VL  439,  but 
.Mr.  Nichols's  words  are,  "the  busi- 
nc.--^  of  a  whole  .-^alc  bookseller,  to  an 
extent  far  beyond  what  was  ever 
known  in  the  annals  of  the  Row." 

P.  sj:;.    col.  2,  1.  13,  for  172:>,  read 

i«o:>. 

P.  S70.  The  notice  of  Sir  Thomas 
IMiillipps'  Pres.^  is  too  slight.  See  a  list 
of  the  works  of  the  Middlehill  Press,  in 
Martin's  History  of  Privately- printed 
Books. 

P.  907.  It  is  said  Mr.  Stephen 
.loncs  was  the  son  of  (tilcM  Jones;  and 
in  7r)0  that  he  was  the  son  of  iir{ffith 
JoncB.  Possibly  the  last  is  the  mis- 
take. 

P.  9.J.J.  The  eminent  stationers 
fpcU  then  name  K**y  doI  iCay. 


P.  867.  John  Nichols  is  in  this 
page  said  to  be  now  a  member  of  the 
Court  of  the  Stationers*  Company. 
He  died  Nov.  16,  1826,  and  an  ample 
account  and  portrait  of  him  are  given 
in  a  subsequent  page  of  this  work. 

Ibid.  To  the  many  worthy  jour- 
neymen printers  recorded  in  the  vo- 
lume, may  be  added  the  character  of 
William  Morlis,  (noticed  as  one  of 
Mr.  Nichols's  annuitants  in  this  page.) 
He  died  Oct.  23,  1823,  and  an  account 
of  him  is  in  Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XCHL 
ii.474. 

Ibid.  There  are  some  omissions  in 
the  Indexes ;  as,  for  instance,  refer- 
ences to  two  others  of  Mr.  Nichols's 
annuitants  noticed  in  this  page;  but 
their  deaths  are  recorded  by  Mr.  Tim- 
perley :  James  Robinson,  under  Feb. 
24,  1832 ;  and  James  Rousseau,  under 
April  13,  IS38. 

P.  865.  Beale  I«lackwell  was  a 
very  extensive  maker  of  Printers*  ink  ; 
hence  arose  his  peculiarly  appropriate 
benefaction  to  poor  journeymen  prin- 
ters. 

P.  864.  The  Literary  Gazette  is 
said  to  have  been  the  first  newspaper 
devoted  to  literature  in  England.  This 
is  a  sad  and  unaccountable  oversight 
after  Mr.  Timperley  had  recorded  so 
many  previous  publications. 

P.'  894.  Mr.  Galabin's  intimate 
friend,  was  the  well-known  John 
Nichols. 

P.  863.  The  celebrated  bibliopole 
James  Edwards  deserved  a  long  notice, 
under  the  day  of  his  death,  Jan.  2, 
IS  16.  (See  Grnt.  Mag.  1816,  p.  180.) 
Rut  he  is  slightly  mentioned,  in  re- 
cording his  brother  Thomas *s  death  in 
p.  933. 

P.  923,  note.  It  should  have  been 
addjd  that  Mr.  Lockhart  published  a 
Rfjoindcr  to  the  Trustees  of  Mr.  Bal- 
lantine,  which  seems  to  have  settled 
the  question  of  the  nature  of  the  very 
singular  business  transactions  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott. 

We  shall  not  extend  these  trifling 
remarks  further,  but  beg  to  oiler  them 
as  a  proof  that  we  have  read  Mr.  Tim- 
perley's work  with  some  attention, 
and  that  we  consider  it  deserving  not 
only  of  present  encouragement,  but  of 
future  improvement. 


39S 


Review.*  Sir  Johu  Hay  ward's  EUgaheii, 


[April, 


Certaine.  yeerei  of  Queenc  FAizahfth*9 
Beigne;  by  John  Haywabd,  Knt, 
D,C.L.  Edited  by  John  Bruce, 
Esq.  F.S.A.  [Printed for  the  Cam- 
den Society.}     4  to. 

THK  editor  of  this  volume  intro- 
duces it  to  the  notice  of  the  members 
of  the  Camden  Society  by  the  follow- 
ing very  judicious  remarks  on  what 
may  be  termed  the  transition  period  of 
English  historical  composition. 

"Amongst  tlie  many  consequences 
which  followed  upon  the  Introduction  of 
Printing  into  Kngland,  one  of  the  earliest 
was,  that  it  made  our  hivtory  popular. 
Cazton's  Chronicle  effected,  in  that  re- 
specti  achanf^e  which,  half  a  century  later, 
would  have  been  the  result  of  the  dissolu- 
tion of  the  monasteries.  It  withdrew 
History  from  the  exclusive  care  of  the 
Church,  and  taught  her  to  speak  the 
language,  and  appeal  directly  to  the  feel- 
ings, of  the  people. 

"  But  the  vernacular  chroniclers  who 
succeeded  the  monastic  writers  of  history 
were  little  conscious  of  the  imi)ortance  of 
their  task.  They  followed  in  the  footsteps 
of  the  humblest  of  their  predecessors,  and 
seldom  aimed  at  any  higher  mark  than  that 
of  being  found  faithful  and  diligent  annal- 
ists. They  were  industrious  collectors  of 
facts,  pains-taking  chronologists,  honest 
narrators,  but,  as  a  body,  were  totally  de- 
void of  that  power  of  description  which 
makes  manifest  the  truth  respecting  past 
events  in  such  manner  as  to  render  it  ccn- 
ducive  to  the  instruction  of  mankind.  In 
such  hands  History  lost  much  of  its  useful- 
ness and  all  its  dignity,  and  greatly  is  it 
to  be  regretted  that  this  depression  of  liis- 
torical  literature  took  place  at  a  time 
when,  in  other  departments  of  human 
knowledge,  our  intellectual  strength  was 
at  its  height ;  when  Poetry  shone  with 
pre-eminent  brilliancy,  and  the  profound- 
est  depths  of  Theology  were  investigated 
with  an  acuteness  which  lias  never  been 
surpassed. 

'*  No  doubt  there  were  many  men  who 
saw  and  deplored  the  state  of  things  upon 
which  I  am  commenting,  and  there  were, 
at  any  event,  two  who  endeavoured  to 
amend  it — Camdc^n  and  llayward  ;  united 
in  their  lives  at  the  joint  historiographers 
of  King  James's  College  at  Chelsea,  and 
now,  after  the  lapse  of  two  centuries, 
again  brought  together  in  name, — the  one 
as  the  author  of  the  following  work,  and 
the  other  as  the  patron  of  the  Society  by 
whom  it  is  published.  Camden  and  Hay- 
ward  took,  indeed,  different  paths,  and  I 
by  no  means  seek  to  place  them  upon  an 


equality  ;  it  if  honour  enough  for  Hay- 
ward  if  it  be  allowed  that  botii  were  well 
acquainted  with  the  great  classical  models 
of  historical  composition,  and  wrote 
with  minds  imbued  with  a  strong  perma- 
sion  of  their  many  excellent  qnanties,  and 
an  anxious  desire  to  catch  tome  portion 
of  their  spirit ;  and  that  whUst  Camden 
was  setting  forth  in  pure  and  ample  Latin 
his  admirable  Britanniat  andhitiiiifi«lif, 
and  was  placing  before  the  world  some  of 
the  most  valuable  of  the  foondationa  of 
English  History  in  his  collection  of  Chro- 
nicles, Hayward  was  composing  in  onr 
own  language,  works  which,  notwith- 
standing their  many  defects,  were  of  a 
higher  character,  and  approached  more 
nearly  to  a  better  description  of  historical 
writing,  than  any  which  had  then  been 
published.'* 

Hay  ward's  maiden  work  was  a  hia- 
tory  of  the  first  year  of  the  reign  of 
King  Henry  the  Fourth,  a  work 
which,  as  on  a  subsequent  occasion  he 
declared  to  King  James,  was  "  under- 
taken with  particular  respect  to  your 
Majesty's  just  title  of  succession  in 
this  realm."  This  alone  could  not 
have  been  very  acceptable  to  Queen 
Elizabeth ;  but  it  is  probable  that  the 
essay  would  have  gone  by  without  any 
particular  notice, — for,  as  far  as  Mr. 
Bruce  has  observed,  it  does  not  con- 
tain any  allusion  to  passing  events,-— 
had  not  the  author,  with  the  utmost 
indiscretion,  attempted  to  take  ad- 
vantage of  the  accidental  interest  pro- 
duced by  the  Earl  of  Essex's  return 
from  Ireland,  and  prefixed  to  it  a  De- 
dication to  that  rash  nobleman,  couch- 
ed in  terms  of  almost  royal  adulation. 
This  great  imprudence,  which  appear- 
ed to  announce  the  book  as  an  eulogy 
of  rebellion,  subjected  Hayward  to  the 
extreme  anger  of  the  Queen,  who  is 
believed  to  have  kept  him  in  prison 
for  the  remainder  of  her  days,  and  who 
would  have  proceeded  to  some  severer 
punishment,  had  not  Bacon  kindly 
stood  the  author's  friend,  assuring  her 
Majesty  that  he  found  no  treason  in 
the  book,  but  much  felony — committed 
upon  one  Cornelius  Tacitus. 

Though  so  unfortunate  in- the  fiirst 
production  of  his  pen,  and  though  he 
docs  not  appear  to  have  derlvelim- 
mediate  advantage  or  countenaxice 
from  his  two  next  Essays,  an  Argi^- 
ment  in  favour  of  the  Successipo, 
(1603,)  and  a  Treatise  on  the  Umd 


1840.] 


RBtiiw.— Sir  John  Hayward's  EliMaMh, 


399 


of  England  and  Scotland,  (1604,)  yet 
we  find  his  reputation  was  sufficiently 
established  by  his  historical  researches, 
that,  when  King  James  founded  his 
College  at  Chelsea  in  1610,  Hayward 
was  selected  as  one  of  the  two  His- 
toriographers,Camden  being  the  other. 
About  two  years  after,  he  attracted 
the  notice  of  Henry  Prince  of  Wales, 
the  interesting  particulars  of  whose 
interview  with  our  author,  about  two 
months  before  his  Highness's  death, 
are  quoted  by  Mr.  Bruce.  It  was  this 
incident  jwhich  led  to  the  composition 
of  the  work  now  published. 

*'  Then  he  questioned,  whether  I  hid 
wrote  aoy  part  of  our  English  Historie, 
other  then  that  which  had  been  published, 
which  at  that  time  he  had  in  his  hands  ; 
I  answered,  that  I  had  wrote  of  certaine 
of  our  English  Kings,  by  way  of  a  briefe 
description  of  their  lives :  but  for  historic, 
I  did  principally  bend  and  binde  myselfe 
to  the  times  wherein  I  should  live;  in 
which  my  owne  observations  might  some- 
what direct  me  :  but  as  well  in  the  one  as 
in  the  other  1  had  at  that  time  perfected 
nothing. 

•*  To  this  he  said  ;  that  in  regard  of  the 
honour  of  the  time,  hee  liked  well  of  the 
lant ;  but  for  his  owne  instruction,  he  more 
desired  the  first :  that  he  desired  nothing 
more  then  to  know  the  actions  of  bisaun- 
cestoum  ;  because  hee  did  so  farre  esteeme 
his  descent  from  them,  as  he  approached 
neere  them  in  honourable  endeavours. 
Hereupon,  beautifying  his  face  with  a 
Kober  smile,  he  deiiired  mee,  that  against 
his  rrturne  from  the  progresse  then  at 
hand,  I  would  perfect  somewhat  of  both 
sorts  for  him,  which  he  promised  amply  to 
requite  ;  and  was  well  knowen  to  be  one, 
who  esteemed  his  word  above  ordinary 
respects.  This  stirred  in  mee,  not  onely 
a  will,  but  power  to  perfourme ;  so  as, 
engaging  my  duety  farre  above  the  mea- 
sure  either  of  my  leisure  or  of  my  strength, 
1  finished  *  The  Lives  of  the  three  Kings 
of  Norman  race,*  and  '  Certaine  yeercs  of 
Queene  Elizabeth's  Reigne.' 

"  At  his  retume  from  the  Progresse  to 
his  house  at  S.  James,  these  pieces  were 
delivered  unto  him;  which  bee  did  not 
onely  courteously,  but  joyfully  accept. 
And,  because  this  [the  Lives  of  the  Nor- 
man Kings]  seemed  a  perfect  worke,  he 
expressed  a  desire  that  it  should  be  pub- 
lished. Not  long  after  he  died  :  and  with 
him  died  both  my  endetvoon  and  my 
hopes.'' 

The  Lives  of  the  Three  Norman 
Kings  was  published  in  161 3#  shortly 


after  Prince  Henry's  death,  dedicated 
to  Prince  Charles.  Mr.  Bruce  states 
that  it  is  diligently  and  clearly  written, 
and  scarcely  deserves  the  disregard 
into  which  it  has  fallen.  The  modern 
reader  will  find  it  (in  two  portions)  in 
the  second  and  ninth  volumes  of  the 
Harleian  Miscellany. 

Hayward  did  not  again  solicit  the 
attention  of  his  contemporaries  as  an 
historical  author.  He  wrote  some  re- 
ligious tracts,  the  principles  of  which 
were  in  strict  conformity  with  the 
Church  of  England,  and  some  of  which 
were  certainly  popular.  But  it  was 
found  at  his  death  that  his  heart  had 
still  been  amongst  historical  researches, 
and  that  he  had  left  behind  him  a 
complete  History  of  the  reign  of  Eld- 
ward  VL  which  is  characterised  by 
Mr.  Bruce  as  "  a  work  of  higher  in- 
terest and  pretensions  than  any  he  had 
previously  written,  and  that  by  which 
his  name  has  since  been  principally 
known."  It  was  published  in  1630, 
reprinted  in  1636,  and  again  in  Ken- 
nett's  Collection. 

In  the  work  before  us  (which,  with 
the  exception  of  a  small  portion  ap- 
pended to  the  Edward  VI.  edit.  1636, 
has  hitherto  remained  in  MS.  and  is 
now  in  the  Harleian  Collection,)  the 
reader  roust  not  expect  to  find  those 
new  facts  developed  which  are  best 
derived  from  state  papers  and  evidence 
of  that  kind.  These  are  seldom  open 
to  the  contemporary  historian ;  who 
is,  however,  when  unwarped  by  party 
prejudices,  well  able  to  exhibit  the 
state  of  popular  feelings  and  opinions* 
The  following  extract  will  form  a  good 
illustration  of  this  remark,  and  will 
also  furnish  a  fair  specimen  of  Sir 
John  Hayward's  style.  It  treats  of 
circumstances  which  have  been  stated 
to  the  same  effect  by  several  of  his 
contemporaries,  but  we  think  nerer 
in  a  more  vivid  and  effective  way. 

**  The  Queene  was  not  negligent  on  her 
part  to  descend  to  all  pleasing  behavior, 
which  seemed  to  proceede  from  a  natural! 
gentlenesse  of  dispositione,  and  not  from 
any  strayned  desire  of  popularity  or  in- 
sinnatione.  Shee  gave  due  respect  to  all 
sorts  of  persones,  wherein  the  quicknesse 
of  her  spirit  did  worke  more  actively  than 
did  her  eyes.  When  the  people  made  the 
ayre  ring  with  praying  to  Uod  for  her 
prosperity,  shee  thanked  them  with  ex- 
ceeding livciinesse  both  of  countenance 


'100 


Rrview. — Sir  John  Hayward's  Elizabeth.  .  [April, 


ami  \ny«'o,  nnd  wislietl  iicitlitT  i>rosperity 
noi-sifity  t<i  lit'i'  >rlfo,  which  init^ht  not 
hri*  fur  th«ir  coinrnon  ^ood.  As  she 
j»a>Sftl  hy  tlif  Coinpanyi's  of  the  City, 
standiiii;  in  their  livcryrs,  shi'C  tookc  par- 
ticuhir  Lnowhulgi'  of  them,  and  graced 
thfui  Nvith  many  witty  formalityos  of 
sprci'h.  Shoe  dilicrntly  both  obscr\'cd 
and  cunimtMid'Ht  suoli  drviscs  as  were  pro- 
Fcntotl  unto  her,  and  to  that  rnd  some- 
times caused  her  coach  to  stand  still, 
sometimes  to  be  removed  to  places  of  best 
advantage  for  hearing  and  for  sight  ;  and 
in  tlie  mean  time  fairly  intreatud  the  peo- 
]de  to  be  >iicnt.  And  when  shee  under- 
stoode  not  the  meaning  of  any  rej)resen- 
tatitme,  or  could  not  jjcrfeetly  hearc  some 
s)>eeehes  that  wer  made,  shee  caused  the 
same  to  be  declared  unto  her.  •  *  *  When 
any  got>d  wishes  were  east  f<)rth  for  her 
vertuims  and  religious  government,  shee 
would  lift  up  her  hands  towards  Heaven, 
and  desire  the  people  to  answer,  Amen. 
When  it  was  told  her  that  an  auncient 
Citizen  turned  his  heade  backe  and  wept  : 
*  I  warrant  you*  (said  shee)  '  it  is  for  joy  ;* 
and  so  in  very  deede  it  was.  She  cheer- 
fully received  not  only  rich  giftes  from 
persons  of  worth,  but  Nosegayes,  Floweres, 
RoFe-marie  branches,  and  such  like  pre- 
sents, offered  unto  her  from  very  meane 
persones,  insomuch  as  it  may  truly  be 
saide,  that  there  was  neyther  courtesy  nor 
cost  cast  away  that  daye  uppon  her.  It 
is  incredible  how  often  shee  caused  her 
roach  to  staye,  when  any  made  offer  to 
approach  unto  her,  whither  to  make  pe- 
titione,  or  whither  to  manifest  their  loving 
affectiones. 

**  Hereby  the  people,  to  whom  no  mu- 
sicke  is  soe  sweetc  as  the  affability  of  ther 
Prince,  were  so  strongly  stirred  to  love 
and  joyc,  that  all  men  contended  how  they 
might  most  effectually  testify  the  same  ; 
some  with  plausible  acclamations,  some 
with  sober  prayers,  and  many  with  silent 
and  true-hearted  teares,  which  were  then 
seen  to  melt  from  their  eyes.  And  after- 
wardes,  departing  home,  they  so  stretched 
every  thing  to  the  highest  streyne,  that 
they  inflamed  the  like  affectiones  in  otheres. 
It  is  certaine,  that  thes  high  humilities, 
joyned  to  justice,  are  of  greater  power  to 
winnc  the  hearts  of  people  than  any,  than 
all  other  vertues  beside."  p.  16. 

Again,  after  giving  the  Queen's  re- 
ply to  the  Parliament's  recommenda- 
tion to  her  of  marriage.  Hay  ward  says, 

"  These  wer  her  wordes  ;  there  wantcth 
nothing  but  tlie  grace  wherewith  shee 
delivered  them,  which  gave  such  life  to 
that  which  shee  spake  that  not  onely 
satisfied,  but  almost  amazed,  those  that 
wer  present.  And,  having  once  wonne 
8 


opini(me,  every  poynt  of  her  behaviour 
was  afterwards  observed,  extolled,  admired 
as  excellent.  And  lo  this  purpose  have  1 
declared  this  passage  at  large,  that,  there- 
by, wj  may  perceive  by  what  actions  and 
abili:yes  shee  advanced  herselfe  to  the 
highest  pitch  both  of  love  and  feare  with 
ali  her  subjects,  the  true  temper  whereof 
is  the  heart  of  honour." 

In  editing  this  volume  Mr.  Bruce 
has,  with  his  usual  good  judgment, 
abstained  from  any  redundancy  of 
illustration ;  but  his  notes,  though 
they  occupy  little  space,  are  valuable 
from  the  references  they  supply,  and 
particularly  from  their  very  careful 
adjustment  of  dates.  With  the  intro- 
ductory memoir  of  the  author — a 
matter  hitherto  deficient  in  our  bio- 
graphical literature,  he  has  taken  more 
than  ordinary  pains,  and  we  beg  to 
point  it  out  to  notice  as  by  no  means 
the  least  interesting  portion  of  the 
volume. 


DeliciiB  Liieraria:    a  new  volume  of 
Table-Talk.  12wo. 

THIS  is  a  literary  banquet  com- 
posed of  a  variety  of  dishes,  of  foreign 
as  well  as  home  production,  and  very 
pleasantly  seasoned  with  the  attic  salt 
of  the  Modern  Athens.  The  editor 
has  evinced  much  skill  in  connecting 
"  old  saws  and  modern  instances ;" 
and  frequently  the  illustration  fur- 
nished to  a  fact  or  an  opinion  by 
juxta- position  is  as  unexpected  as  it 
is  apt  and  forcible.  We  give  as  a 
specimen  the  following  article  on 

"  MoNACHTSM.  —  One  of  the  Oxford 
divines,  whose  writings  are  now  much 
spoken  of,  has  so  expressed  himself  as  if 
he  wished  the  revival  of  some  kind  of 
Monachism.  *  Great  towns  will  never  be 
evangelized  merely  by  the  parochial  sys- 
tem ;  they  are  beyond  the  sphere  of  the 
parish  priest,  burdened  as  he  is  with  the 
endearments  and  anxieties  of  a  fiunily. 
....  It  has  lately  come  into  my  head, 
that  the  present  state  of  things  in  Eng- 
land makes  an  opening  for  reviving  the 

monastic  system I  think  of  patting 

this  view  forward  under  the  'title  of 
*  Project  for  reviving  Religion  in  great 
towns.'  Certainly  colleges  of  unmarried 
priests  (who  might  of  course  retire  to  a 
living  when  they  could  and  liked,)  would 
be  the  cheapest  possible  way  of  providing 
for  the  spiritual  wants  of  a  large  popu- 
lation  You  must  have  diteent  ior 

monachifm  in  a  Christian  country;   lo 


1840.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


401 


make  your  choice.'     (Froude's  Remain*, 
cited  in  Dr.  Pusey't  Letter  to  the  Lord 
Bishop  of  Oxford,  p.  208  note.)      These 
opinions  are  perhaps  more  strange  than 
new  ;  for  views  very  like  thete  were  held 
by  Swift.     '  The  institution  of  convents/ 
•aya  the  editor  of    Swiftiana   [or  Swift 
himsolf  ?]  seems  in  one  point  a  strain  of 
great  wisdom,  there  being  few  irregulari- 
ties in  human  passions,  that  may  not  have 
recourse  to  vent  themselves  in  some  of 
these  orders,*  which  are  so  many  retreats 
for  the  speculative,  the  melancholy,  the 
proud,  the  tileat,  the  politic,  and  the  mo- 
rose, to  spend  their  lives,  and  evaporate 
the  obnoxioua  particlei  t    /or    each    qf 
whom/    says    Swift   forcibly,    '  we   are 
forced  to  provide  a  teveral  eeet  of  religion 
to  keep  them  quiet  J*  " 

The  editor  has  made  a  considerable 
accession  to  his  "wee  bookie"  by  a 
selection  of  seventy- six  passages  from 
the  "  Democritie  "  of  Drummond  of 
Hawthornden,  which  he  gives  under 
the  title  of  Drummondiana,  In  his 
introductory  remarks  he  states  that 
"  the  ridiculous  charges  against  Drum- 
mond which  the  querulous  Gifford 
and  others  have  raised  up "  from 
Drummond's  "  Informations  be  Ben 
Jonson,"  "have  been  triumphantly 
refuted  by  Sir  Walter  Scott,  Mr. 
C'ampbeli,  Mr.  David  Laing,  and  Pro- 
fessor Wilson.  'The  furious  invective 
of  Gifford,'  says  the  judicious  Hallam, 
is  absurd.  Any  one  else  would  have 
been  thankful  for  so  much  literary 
anecdoteV  "  Whilst  this  last  remark 
is  very  just,  and  though  Gifford 's 
language  may  have  been  extravagant 


and  perhape  absurd,  still  we  cannot 
agree  that  Gifford  was  wholly  without 
grounds  for  his  reprobation  of  Drum- 
mond, or  that  it  is  possible  to  justify 
the  latter  entirely  in  his  sentiments 
towards  his  confiding  brother  poet. 
One  of  Drummond's  stories  is  this  :— 

"  To  a  youBg  boy  coming  to  seek  his 
godfather's  blessing  (who  was  thought  to 
be  too  familiar  with  his  mother)  a  atander 
by  prayed  him  not  to  take  the  name  of 
God  in  vain." 

Which  story  is  applied  to  Sir  William 
D'Avenant  and  his  godfather  Shak- 
speare,  as  told  to  Spence  by  Pope,  and 
qaoted  by  the  present  editor  in  his 
note.  The  fact  of  Shakspeare  frt- 
quenting  the  Crown  at  Oxford  when 
kept  by  Davenant's  father  is  stated  by 
Anthony  ^  Wood  in  his  memoir  of  Sir 
William  (Athenae  Oxon.) ;  and  U)e 
scandalous  story  of  Pope  and  Spence 
is  also  extant  in  Aubrey's  Anecdotes.f 

Again,  under  the  title  of  LeHrange- 
ana,  the  editor  has  availed  himself 
of  some  of  the  anecdotes  published 
by  Mr.  Thoms  in  his  Anecdotes  and 
Traditions  (for  the  Camden  Society), 
with  a  few  fresh  illustrations. 

The  only  error  we  have  noticed  in 
this  book  is  the  long-established  one 
on  the  origin  of  Newspapers  in  Eng- 
land, the  correction  of  which  by  Mr. 
Watts  was  noticed  in  our  number  for 
January,  p.  61,  hut  we  have  no  doubt 
our  author's  page  was  previously 
printed. 


The  Guide  qf  the  Hebrew  Student,  9(e. 
Bjf  II.  H.  Bernard  Holme,  Teacher  in  the 
Univereity  qf  Cambridge, — Mr.  Bernard, 
in  an  excellent  preface,  has  explained  the 
purpose  and  nature  of  his  volume ;  as  in 
this  country  there  exist  no  elementary 
books  in  Hebrew,  as  in  other  languages, 
the  Hebrew  learner  is  obliged  at  once  to 


go  to  the  Bible,  '<  at  once  the  most  aa- 
eient,  the  most  dassical,  and,  perhaps  we 
may  add  the  most  difficult ;  here  anoma- 
lous forms  and  sentences  of  intrinsic 
phraseology  retard  his  progress  at  every 
step.  Maeoretic  notes,  intelligible  only  to 
the  consummate  Hebraist,  bewilder  him 
in  every  line ;   Kerie  and  Kethibe  assail 


^  See  a  much  older  amplification  of  this  idea,  in  the  Ordre  de  Bel  Eyse,  a  satyrieal 
poem  of  the  age  of  Edward  I.,  printed  in  Wright's  Politioal  Songs,  published  by 
the  Camden  Society. 

t  Thus  (imperfectly)  printed  in  "  liCtters  from  the  Bodleian,  "  8vo.  1613 :  "  Mr. 
William  Shakespeare  was  wont  to  goe  into  Warwickshire  once  a  year,  and  did  com- 
monly in  his  journey  lye  at  this  house  in  Oxon,  where  he  was  exceedingly  respected. 
*****  (A  passage  omitted  of  which  the  import  is  left  to  be  guessed.)  Now  8'  W" 
would  sometimes,  when  he  was  pleasant  over  a  glasse  of  wine  with  Us  most  intimate 
friends,—^,  g.  Sam.  Butler  (author  of  Hudibras,  &c.)  say  that  it  seemed  to  him  that 
he  writt  with  the  very  spirit  that  Shakespeare  (ttc;,  and  seemed  contented  eaoogh  to  he 
thought  his  son." 

GiivT.  Mao.  Vol.  XIH.  3  F 


402 


Miscilluniaui  Reniewi. 


him  on  every  page,  and  aeemU  dhrenified 
in  use  as  in  shape  oppose  a  fonnidahle 
barrier  in  every  word."  It  appears  that 
in  Germany  the  want  of  Hebrew  school- 
books  was  felt  and  supplied  by  Wo\fijohn 
of  Breslau,  and  Ben  Zeeb  of  Vienna,  both 
great  Hebraists.  From  the  works  by  the 
above  aathors  this  volame  is  selected  of 
the  purest  Biblical  Hebrew.  It  is  divided 
into  three  sections  ;  from  the  study  of  it, 
master  of  nearly  all  the  particles,  acquaint- 
ed  with  most  of  the  idioms,  and  in  posses- 
sion of  the  greater  number  of  the  words 
that  occur  in  the  Bible, — the  student  may 
approach  the  divine  volume  with  a  feeling 
of  assurance  that  he  will  be  able  to  unlock 
the  treasures  of  its  divine  wisdom.  Of 
.the  value  of  the  work  we  think  no  doubt 
can  be  entertained,  and  we  should  confi- 
dently augur  its  success. 


and  improvement  of  the  Anurieu  QhucIi 
serve  to  confnte  the  RoiMnfat,  who  warn  1 1 1 
that  the  Church  of  England  li  nutaiiied 
merely  by  the  tecolar  arm,  tad  that  in  the 
event  of  her  losing  that  rapport  ibe  ntt 
of  necessity  become  extinct."  The  wlwle 
work  will  be  read  with  pkaaore  and  in* 
struction,  and  the  Appenoiz  containaeome 
curiousinformation  on  population,  cttmafcr, 
&c. 


Mariamne,  the  last  of  the  Atmonean 
Princeeees. — To  take  a  favourable  view  of 
this  tale  it  would  be  said  that  it  possessed 
much  splendour  of  description,  variety  of 
incidents,  and  many  interesting  changes  of 
passion,  and  much  striking  development 
of  character.  The  character  of  Mariamne 
is  well  sustained,  and  commands  through- 
out our  sympathy  and  admiration.  On  the 
unfavourable  side  it  must  be  observed  that 
many  of  the  characters  are  faintly  and  im- 
perfectly sketched,  that  of  Cleopatra  is  a 
complete  failure — that  there  is  a  kind  of 
tumidity  or  exaggeration  in  the  sentiments 
uttered ;  in  which,  as  being  beyond  the 
ordinary  line  of  our  general  feelings  and 
affections,  we  cannot  participate.  The 
story  also  being  drawn  from  Jewish  history 
perhaps  is  not  in  itself  inviting;  and  from 
the  remoteness  of  the  times  and  our  ig- 
norance of  the  habits  and  manners  of  the 
people,  the  details  of  such  fictions  can 
never  be  truly  and  naturally  filled  up.  If 
the  writer  ventures  beyond  the  outline, 
from  want  of  knowledge  he  is  sure  to  fail. 
We  must  add,  however,  that  whoever  was 
the  author,  is  a  person  of  talent,  and  ap- 
parently of  poetical  feeling ;  and  wants, 
perhaps,  only  another  canvass  to  make  a 
more  pleasing  picture. 

America  and  the  American  Church,  by 
Rev.  H.  Caswall. — We  recommend  this 
volume  as  containing  the  fullest,  and  most 
impoitant  account  of  the  Episcopal  Church 
in  America,  of  its  rise,  progress,  and  fu- 
ture prospects  that  we  have  ever  seen. 
We  hear  that  it  is  increasing  with  unpre- 
cedented rapidity,  and  that  a  thousand 
republican  clergymen  and  five  hundred 
thousand  republican  laymen  are  contend- 
ing for  a  liturgy  and  for  the  "  Sacred 
regimen  of  Bishops."  The  author  justly 
remarks  that  "The  wonderfdl  progreu 


FelthanCi  Retohee,  Dkrimt  amd  Moral, 
l2mo. — A  very  elegant  reprint  of  a  well- 
known  and  ingenious  work  wliidi  hit  been 
praised  as  much  ai  it  deaenret.  For  the 
character  of  the  author  the  best  worfca  to 
consult  are.  Censure  Literaria,  vol.  i.  p. 
24,  vol.  vii.p.379.  Bnmef  a  Spedmena, 
and  Hallam's  Introd.  to  Literaij  Hirtoiy. 
**  There  are  some  persons/'  aaya  an  in- 
genious writer,  ''who  consider  Charles 
the  First  as  a  sort  of  Ckriii  IJU  Seeomd. 
The  blasphemy  is  on  record ;  Owen  Fd- 
tham  is  the  person  who  cominitted«it."  It 
is  a  pity  that  Mr.  Pickering  did  not  iniert 
a  curious  and  little-known  poem  of  Fd- 
tbam's  that  we  possess,  whidi  hat  mmch 
merit ;  we  quote  four  lines, 

"  Nor  could  he  only  in  his  native  speech 
Robe  his  ripe  thoughts ;    bat  even  ^ 

copious,  rich, 
And  lofty  Greek  with  Latine  did  appear 
In  him,  as  Orient  in  their  proper  sphere,'* 

&c. 

This  poem  is  not  printed  in  his  Loioria. 
In  our  copy  of  this  author's  works  we  find 
several  notes  which  we  made  in  reading 
it;  among  others  two  or  three  paHages 
which  show  that  Pope  was  acquainted 
with  them  and  turned  them  to  advantage. 
In  c.  Ivii.  what  is  the  meaning  of  the  fol- 
lowing sentence :  "  Lewd  ones  (i.  e. 
vices)  are  like  the  miitaken  IdoUhorn  m 
88,  which  under  pretence  of  guiding,  will 
draw  us  into  ha«utl  and  loss  among  onr 
enemies."  Does  this  allude  to  any  frise 
signals  held  out  by  the  Englidi,  to  mis- 
lead the  Armada  ?  We  must  say  in  jus- 
tice that  Mr.  Pickering  is  the  only  pnb- 
Usher  who  puts  forth  new  editions  of  works 
of  standard  value,  amid  the  loads  of 
modern  rubbish  that  are  making  the  press 
sweat  and  groan ;  but  the  most  valuable 
work  in  the  whole  circle  of  English  litera- 
ture that  he  could  give,  would  be  a  new 
and  accurate  edition  of  "  Bacon  de  Dig- 
nitate  et  Augmentis  Sdentiarum,"  with 
a  good  introduction  and  notes.  We  also 
want  the  unpublished  sermons  of  Jeremy 
Taylor. 

J  View  of  all  Religimt  mow  erttmi 
among  Mankind,  Sfc.  ^e,  BpT.  Conder. 
— We  must  do  Mr.  Conder  the  justice 


1840.] 


Miscellaneovs  Reviews. 


403 


to  lay,  that  his  work  evidently  shows 
the  care  and  labour  with  which  it  has 
been  collected  ;  and  we  most  also  add, 
(generally  speaking)  the  fairness  and 
impartiality  with  which  the  materials  haye 
been  used :  and  when  the  author  shows 
any  leaning  towards  the  opinions  of  the 
religious  body  to  which  he  belongs,  it  is 
never  manifested  in  any  way  unb^oming 
the  historian.  The  bMt  authorities  have 
been  consulted  and  read,  and  a  vast  mass 
of  curious  and  uncommon  information  has 
been  the  result  of  Mr.  Conder's  studies  ; 
and  we  know  of  no  point  connected  with 
the  history  of  religion,  or  the  opinions 
of  mankind  upon  it,  in  which  this  work 
may  not  ))e  successf^ly  consulted  for  the 
information  required.  It  is  altogether 
written  in  a  very  superior  manner,  and 
with  far  wider  information,  than  any^of 
the  previous  works  on  the  same  subject. 


Practical  Sermons ^  by  the  Rev.  W.  M. 
Hunter. — ^This  volume  is  dedicated  to  the 
Lord  Bishop  of  Barbadoes,  to  whom  the 
author  is  chaplain.  The  sermons  are  plain, 
practical,  and  well  composed.  That  on 
the  character  of  Elijah,  and  some  towards 
the  conclusion  of  the  volume,  as  the  zv. 
and  xvi.  struck  us  as  being  well  reasoned, 
and  yet  the  reasons  and  arguments  made 
level  to  common  capacity.  On  the  sub- 
ject of  Sermons,  especially  those  addressed 
to  the  middle  and  lower  ranks,  it  strikes  us 
to  ask  whether  it  would  not  be  as  well  for 
preachers  not  alwayt  so  to  use  the  word 
"  Satan/'  as  to  convey  the  notion  of 
pernonaliiy  t  but  to  speak  also  of  the 
principle  of  evil,  as  distinct  from  the/iertoii 
of  the /alien  Angel;  on  this  subject  we 
should  like  to  know  the  opinion  of  our 
great  divines. 


Essays  on  Romanism  f  by  the  author  qf 
Essays  on  the  Church. — This  volume  may 
be  considered  as  a  commentary  on  Dr. 
Wiseman'b  Lectures,  in  which  the  author's 
purpose  is  to  confute  the  arguments  ad> 
vanced  in  favour  of  the  Roman  Religion 
and  the  Papal  Supremacy.  Differing  from 
the  author,  as  we  do  in  many  points,  in 
his  Essays  on  the  Church,  and  his  view  of 
the  Oxford  Divinity,  yet  we  gladly  ob- 
serve that  he  has  here  given  a  work  very 
useful  for  the  confutation  of  errors  most 
widely  spread,  most  triumphantly  disclos- 
ed, and  most  actively  inculcated.  The 
progress  of  Roman  Catholic  doctrines  in 
England  at  the  present  time,  among  the 
lower  orders,  is  a  fact  worthy  of  the  most 
accurate  investigation  as  to  its  causes,  as 
well  as  to  the  proper  means  of  arresting 
iu  fatal  profrefls. 


Sir  Redmond,  a  Metrical  Romance.  By 
Mrs.  S.  Thomas. — The  only  objection  we 
have  to  Mrs.  Thomas's  Poem  arises  from 
her  not  having  sufficiently  studied  the  na- 
ture of  English  Metrical  composition,  con- 
sequently many  of  her  verses  are  incorrect 
in  measure,  as 

"  Many  a  warrior,  knight,  and  lovely  dame," 
is  defective  in  nfoot,  and  at  p.  6. 
"  For  having  held  inviolate  honour's  laws," 
has  a  syllable  too  much;  again,  at  p.  5, 
**  gone''  and  ''borne"    cannot  be   ad- 
mitted as  rhymes.    We  should  adrise  her 
to  submit  her  future  manuscripts  to  some 
friend  on  whose  judgment  she  has  confi- 
dence ;  who  vrill  tell  her  that,  in  the  pre- 
sent day,  genius  without  correctness  and 
knowledge  vrill  not  procure  fame. 


Henry  of  Guise,  by  G.  P.  R.  James, 
£sg.  3  vols. — Mr.  James  chose  his  sub- 
ject with  judgment, — one  that  was  worthy 
of  his  pencil,  and  that  could  call  forth 
the  powers  which  he  possesses,  of  vigorous 
description,  both  of  nature,  and  of  the 
human  character;  and  we| think  that  he 
has  produced  one  of  his  most  successftil 
works.  The  interest  of  the  story  is  not 
only  well  preserved, but  increases  strongly, 
as  the  fate  of  the  Duke  of  Guise  ap- 
proaches its  fearful  termination ;  the  dir- 
cumstanoes  attending  which  are  brought 
together,  and  unfolded  vrith  good  effect. 
The  character  of  the  boT  *'  Ignati"  is 
pleasing  ;  that  of  the  Abbe  de  Boisguerin 
drawn  vrith  skill;  and,  though  we  are  un- 
able to  transcribe  any  parts  of  the  work 
as  specimens  of  its  value,  we  can  recom- 
mend it  as  one  that,  being  a  fiction,  ac- 
companies the  real  history  of  the  time  in 
no  unworthy  riralry. 


Minuiia ;  or  little  things  for  Chnt's 
Flock.  By  Rev.  J.  W.  Piers,  Rector  qf 
Morden,  8fc. — ^The  author  has  prefixed  a 
very  modest  and  becoming  address  to  the 
reader  in  his  little  work :  **  Every 
star  (he  says)  emits  light.  The  least  are 
not  useless,  though  imperceptible  to  the 
human  eye.  Little  things  are  beneficial 
and  necessary,  or  God  would  not  have 
made  them.  The  smaller  veins  through 
which  the  blood  circulates  conduce  to  the 
welfare  of  the  body.  The  vridow's  mite 
was  accepted.  If  my  mite  of  meditation 
may  but  be  blessed  to  the  poor  of  Christ's 
flock,  they  vrill  with  me  join  in  giving 
glory  to  God,"  «tc.  The  work  itself  con- 
sists of  meditations  and  thoughts  on  diffi- 
cult texU  of  Scripture,— which  are  justly 
deduced,  plainly  and  simply  expressed, 
and  bearing  marks  of  a  very  pioos  ud 
devont  miod. 


404 


FINE  ARTS. 


WORKS   or   eiBSON. 

Mr.  Gibson  (who  remains  at  Rome) 
will  this  jear  finish  his  Amazon,  executed 
for  Lord  Grosrenor.  This  statue ,  which 
would  be  six  feet  high  if  the  figure  were 
upright,  will  be  one  of  his  best  works. 
It  htti  been  his  aim  to  oombine  the  mas- 
ottline  character  with  the  feminine  form ; 
and  he  has  been  very  successful.  In  his 
Tenus,  exhibited  last  year,  he  endeaTOur- 
ed,  somewhat  in  the  same  spirit,  to  give 
more  of  the  sereritj  of  the  style  of  sculp- 
ture as  seen  in  the  Venus  of  Mylos,  than 
of  the  graces  and  delicacy  which  belong 
to  the  Medieean.  Mr.  Gibson  is  also 
proceeding  with  his  second  statue  of  Mr. 
Hnskisson,  intended  for  the  Custom  House 
at  Liyerpool.  It  is  larger  than  the  former, 
now  in  the  Liverpool  Cemetery,  and  is 
eight  feet  high.  The  right  arm  of  the 
statue  is  down  on  the  thigh,  holding  a 
scroll,  whilst  the  left  is  placed  across 
the  breast  near  the  face,  the  head  bent  a 
little  forward,  and  looking  downward  in 
deep  thought.  All  the  artists  who  have 
seen  this  statue  consider  it  to  be  Gibson's 
finest  work,  and  as  much  surpassing  his 
former  statue  of  Huskisson.  He  has  also 
lately  completed  a  bas-relievo  of  Jocaste 
separating  her  sons  Eteocles  and  Polyni- 
ces  when  about  to  fight ;  and  another,  for 
the  Earl  of  Carlisle,  of  Amalthea  giving 
goat's  milk  to  the  infant  Jupiter,  intended 
to  be  placed  over  a  chimney-piece.  A 
Cupid  disguised  as  a  Shepherd  is  nearly 
finished  for  the  Grand  Duke  of  Russia ; 
and  a  copy  of  Psyche  carried  by  Zephyrs 
is  in  progress  for  his  Imperial  Highness. 

His  brother,  Mr.  Benj.  Gibson,  has 
lately  sent  to  Liverpool  a  copy  of  the  last 
mentioned  work.  He  has  an  original 
composition  in  hand,  of  a  Shepherd  Boy 
and  Dog,  of  the  size  of  life. 

MR.  batter's  picture  OF  THE 
CORONATION. 

Messrs.  Hodgson  and  Graves's  gallery, 
in  Pall  Mall,  has  been  crowded  by  visi- 
tors to  see  the  picture  of  **  The  Corona- 
tion of  Her  Majesty  Queen  Victoria," 
painted  by  George  Hayter,  esq.  her  ma- 
jesty's historical  and  portrait  painter,  who 
has  produced  a  work  that  must  greatly 


add  to  the  already  well-desdnred  deputa- 
tion of  the  painter  of  **  The  iSial  of  Lord 
William  Russell.' '  The  point  df  time  se- 
lected by  Mr.  Hayter  is  that  at  which  her 
Majesty,  seated  in  St.  Edward's  Chsir, 
having  been  actually  crowned  by  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  is  attending 
to  the  most  reverend  prelate's  exhortation 
from  the  steps  of  the  altar. 

PANORAMA   OF  BENARB8. 

Mr.  Burford  has  just  openAl,  at  his 
lower  and  largest  room  in  Leioester-sq. 
one  of  the  most  picturesque  panoramas  that 
his  beautiful  and  fertile  art  has  ever  pro- 
duced. The  subject  is  the  sacred  Hin&>o 
city  of  Benares,  with  its  templesi  some 
Mahomedan  mosques,  and  splendid  Hrer 
scenery,  enlivened  with  native  vessels  of 
every  form  and  hue.  The  ludd  hnlUabcy 
of  the  water  throughout  is  admirable ; 
and  the  shores  are  thronged  with  a  busy 
concourse  of  devotees  and  inhabitants.  A 
dark  Hindoo  corpse,  committed  to  the  sa- 
cred waters,  is  seen  floating  kt  its  last 
bed  of  flags  and  rushes,  and  the  greedy 
vtdtures  are  performing  the  needfid,  but 
(to  European  ideas)  the  horrid  obsequks 
of  the  dead.  Altogether,  for  a  represent" 
ation  oTlndian  character,  costume,  and 
customs,  this  is  a  noble  performaneis ; 
and  combines  very  striking  festnres  of 
land  and  water  scenetry. 

In  George-street,  H«iover-sqw(r0y  Mr. 
Bewick  has  opened  to  Hew  his  tattSkntt 
cartoons,  or  large  studies,  from  the  works 
of  M.  Angdo,  the  Prophets  and  Sybfls, 
which  adorn  the  Sistine  Chapel  aft  MOtte, 
executed  for  the  late  President  of  the 
Royal  Academy.  Several  other  curious 
gems  of  art,  particularly  a  copy  of  Cupid 
and  Swans  after  Raffaelle,  are  also  from 
the  hand  of  the  same  artist. 

A  valuable  set  of  pictures  has  also  been 
received  at  the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Afts  at 
Paris,  being  twelve  large  copies  (18  feet 
by  12)  of  parts  of  paintings  in  the  **  Six- 
tine  Chapel,"  by  the  late  M.  Sigalon ;  they 
are  to  be  placed  where  his  copy  Of  "  The 
Last  Judgment"  has  long  been  filed,  fft  the 
chapel  of  the  former  convent  of  thePetits 
Augustins,  now  converted  into  theBO(de. 


LITERARY    AND  SCIENTIFIC    INTELLIGENCE. 


NEW   PUBLICATIONS. 

History  and  Biography. 
Letters  of  Horace  Walpole  Earl  of  Or- 
ford  :  a  new  edition,  with  Additional  Let- 
ters.   Vol.  I.  and  11.  8vo.  28*. 


Prince  Albert's  Ancestry.  A  bilef  His- 
torical Account  of  the  Dukedom  md  Doeal 
House  of  Saxe  Coburg  Gotha.  By  tike 
Rev.  Edward  TAUERscmnvr.  ISno. 
With  a  Portrait  of  Prince  iUbert.  4f.6if. 


1840.] 


Liletary  and  Saeniific  Iniellifenoe. 


405 


Letters  of  the  late  Earl  of  Dadley  to 
the  BUhop  of  LlandafT.     8to. 

The  Religious  Wars  of  France,  from  the 
Accession  of  Henry  II.  to  the  Peace  of 
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HVO.   1*. 

Christian  Reasons  of  a  Member  of  the 
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Account  of  Prices  and  of  the  State  of 
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406 


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[April, 


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8vo. 

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The  Elements  of  Algebra.  By  the  Rev. 
T.  G.  Hall,  M.A.  IVofessor  of  Mathe- 
matics in  King's  College,  London.  Crown 
Bvo.  6s.  6d, 

On  the  Influence  of  Artificial  Light  in 
causing  impaired  Vision,  and  on  some 
Methods  of  preventing,  or  lessening,  its 
ii^urious  Action  on  the  Eye.  By  James 
Hunter,  M.D.  Surgeon  to  the  Eye  Dis- 
pensary of  Edinburgh.  8vo.  with  Plate, 
3s.  6d. 

Law. 

Rogers's  Arrangement  of  Ecclesiasti- 
cal Law.     Bvo.  3\s.  6d. 

Case  of  the  Serjeants  at  Law.  By  J. 
Manning.    Bvo.  16*. 

Medicifie, 

The  Anatomy  of  the  Breast.  By  Sir 
AsTLET  Cooper,  Bart.  F.R.S.  D.C.L. 
G.C.H.  &c.     4to.  with  27  plates. 

A  Manual  on  the  Bowels,  and  the  Treat- 
ment of  their  principal  Disorders,  from 
Infancy  to  Old  Age.  By  James  Black, 
M.D.     12mo.  bs.  6d. 

Dictionaries. 

A  Lexicon,  Hebrew,  Chaldee,  and  En- 
glish ;  compiled  from  the  most  approved 
Sources,  Oriental  and  European,  Jewish, 
and  Christian ;  with  an  English  Index. 
By  Professor  Lee,  D.D.    Bvo. 

Bible  Cyclopiedi» ;  being  •  oomprehen* 


sive  Digest  of  the  Civil  and  Natural  His- 
tory, Geography,  Statistics,  and  Genenl 
Literary  Information  connected  with  tbt 
Sacred  Writings.    Bvo.  No.  1,  l«.  6d, 


PORBIGN  LITIRART  INTBLLIOBKCX. 

A  very  destructive  and  lamentable  fire 
has  occurred  in  the  library  of  the  Roman 
College.  Upwards  of  370  manuscripts 
have  been  destroyed,  indnding  twenty- 
seven  Arabic,  forty-three  Persian,  nine 
Armenian,  besides  a  collecti<m  it  the 
Hind(i  and  Chinese  dramas — all  of  which 
are  unpublished,  and  supposed  to  have 
had  no  duplicates  in  Europe.  The  num- 
ber of  printed  books  consumed  has  not 
yet  been  ascertained :  but  1500  volnmesy 
belonging  to  the  earliest  days  of  printing, 
are  unhappily  included  in  this  portion  of 
the  loss—  as  well  as  the  valuable  collection 
of  Greek  and  Latin  classics,  beqneatiied 
to  the  Roman  College  by  the  odebrated 
French  philologist  Muret  (Muretns),  en* 
riched  by  the  autog^ph  marginal  notes  of 
that  illustrious  scholar. 


His  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  Locca 
is  making  extensive  purchases  of  rare  old 
Bibles  and  Prayer-books,  and  some  costly 
old  illuminated  copies  of  the  works  of  our 
learned  thsological  writers.  Two  large 
cases  filled  with  these  valuable  literary 
remains  have  already  arrived  at  Naples. 

The  sale  of  the  library  of  M.  Klaproth, 
the  distinguished  orientalist,  has  tdien 
place  at  Paris.  It  was  particularly  rich  in 
Chinese  works,  and  the  catalogoe  contains 
a  vast  fund  of  information  in  the  notes,  and 
will  be  valuable  to  the  oriental  scholar. 


Numerous  manuscripts  have  been  found 
in  the  King's  Library  at  Paris,  containing 
official  documents  relative  to  the  Crusade 
against  the  Albigenses,  and  particularly 
the  greater  part  of  the  proceemngs  of  the 
Inquisition  of  Toulouse.  M.  Guisot  has 
ordered  the  whole  to  be  published,  as  con- 
taining the  most  authentic  and  curious 
account  extant  of  the  doctrines,  religious 
system,  and  manners  of  the  Albigenses, 
as  well  as  of  their  relations  with  their 
brethren  in  Italy,  and  of  the  dreadful  war, 
which,  while  it  annihilated  that  sect,  in* 
flicted  a  fatal  blow  on  the  civilisation  of 
the  south  of  France. 


A  new  edition  of  the  celebrated  Sanscrit 
Vocabulary,  entitled  Amarakochat  has  just 
been  published  by  M.  Loiseleur-Deslong- 
champs,  with  a  French  translation.  A 
second  volume,  containing  an  Index,  if 
now  in  the  presi . 


\ 


1 840.]                  Liitrary  and  Scientific  Intelligence.  407 

A   trtnalation  of  the  Arabian  Nights  Feb.  6.    Mr.  Lnbboek  in  the  chair. — 

into  Hindustani  was  recently  published  at  John  Parkinson,  esq.  and  the  Rev.  Charles 

Calcutta ;  and  to  Arabic  scholars,  who  un-  Pritchard,  M.A.  were  elected  Fellows. — 

derstand    Hindustani,   it  must  prove  of  Read,  Observations  on    the    Blood-cor- 

great  assistance,  being  executed  with  great  puscles  of  certain  species  of  the    genus 

simplicity  and  elegance.  Although  written  Cervus,  by  George  Gulliver,  esq. 

in  Egypt  by  Mussulmans,  the  origin  of  Feb.   13.     The    Marquess    of  North- 

the  Arabian  Nights  is  to  be  sought,  as  ia  ampton,  Pres. — Martin  Barry,  M.D.  and 

generally  believed,  in  Hindustan;  and  a  Joseph   Phillimore,  LL.D.  were  elected 

translation  into  the  current  language  of  Fellows. — Read,  Experimental  Researches 

the  East,  by  a  native,  must  afford  great  in  Electricity,  16th  series,  by  M.  Faraday, 

insight  into  the  meaning  of  obscure  pas-  esq.  D.C.L. 

&ages.  Feb.  20.     The  Marquess  of  Northamp- 

ton,  Pres. — J.  Caldecott,  esq.  was  elected 

M.  Augustin  Thierry  has  just  published  Fellow. — Read,  Observations  on  the  Wet 

a  new  work,  entitled  *'  Recita  des  Temps  Summer  of  1839,  by  L.  Howard,  esq. 

M^rovingiens,"  preceded  by  some  general  Feb.  S7.    The  Mara,  of  Northampton, 

remarks  on  the  history  of  France,  2  vols.  Pres. — ^William  Jory  Henwood,  esq.  was 

8vo.     This  work  is  admitted  at  the  Insti-  elected  Fellow. — A  paper  was  partly  read, 

tute  to  compete  for  the  Gobert  prixe.    M.  entitled.  On  the  chemical  action  of  the 

Mary-Lafon  has  sent  out  to  the  world  his  rays  of  the  Solar  Spectrum  on  prepara- 

*' Tableau,   Historique  et  Litt^raire,  du  tiona  of  Silver,  and  other  substances,  both 

12"**  Si^cle,*'  in  which  he  treats  at  great  metallic  and  non •metallic ;  and  on  some 

length  of  the  literature  of  Provence  and  Photographic  processes  ;  by  Sir  John  F. 

Aquitaine  at  that  period.    His  researches  W.  Herschel,  Bart. 

into  the  literary  history  of  Bertrand  de  March  b.    The  Marq.  of  Northampton, 

Bom  forms  one  of  the  best  parti  of  the  Prea.— Captain  John  Theophilus  Boileau 

work.  was  elected  Fellow. — The  reading  of  Sir 

John  HerschePs  paper    was  concluded, 

M.  Paul  Lacroix's  (Bibliophile  Jacob's)  and  three  other  papers  read  :  1.  Remarks 

collection  of  charters,  documents,  &c.  re-  on  the  theory  of  the  Dispersion  of  Light, 
lating  to  the  history  of  France,  in  180  vo-  as  connected  with  Polarization,  by  the 
lumes  folio,  which  be  had  been  many  years  Rev.  Baden  Powell,  M.A.  F.R.S. ;  2.  Fur- 
forming,  has  just  been  sold  at  Paris  to  M,  ther  Particulars  of  the  Fall  of  the  Cold 
Polain,  a  bookseller  of  Li^  in  Belgium.  Bokkeveld  Meteorite,  near  the  Cape  of 

Good   Hope,   by  Thomas  Madear,  esq. 

ROTAL  sociiTT.  F.R.S. ;   3.  An  Account  of  the  Shooting 

Jan.  16.  J.W.Lubbock,  esq.  V.P.  and  Stars  of  1095  and  1343,  by  Sir  Francis 

Treasurer,  in  the    chair. — Read,    1.  On  Palgrave,  K.H.  F.R.S.  and  F.S.A. 

Nobili'8  Plate  of  Colours,  a  letter  firom  

J.    P.    Gassiott,   esq. ;    2.    Geographical 

Position  of  the  Principal  PoinU  of  the  obological  bociity. 

TrianguUtion  of  the  Califomias,  and  of  Feb.  SI.     The  Anniversary    Meeting 

the  Mexican  Coasts  of  the   Pacific,  with  was  held,  when  the  following    Fellows 

the  heights  of  the  principal  points  of  that  were  elected  the  Officers  and  Council  for 

part  of  the  Cordilleras,  by  the  Comte  V.  the  ensuing  year : — 

Piccolomini ;   3.   A   Report  on  the  co-  n.  ^v    ^    --.   »      «_^^  »    ..,    .   « ^ 

^^^^^^   ^f  fk-   Pn«.iiin    m,.A   P.rm...  PretkUnL—Tht  Rev.  Prof.  Buckland,  D.D. 

operation   of  the   Russian   and  German  yi^^  PreHdent»,-0.  B.  Greenough,  ei.,  L. 

Observers,  in  a  system  of  simultaneous  Homer,  esq.,  Sir  Woodbine  Par&h,  and  the 

Magnetical  Observations,  by  the  Rev.  H.  »«▼•  W.  Wbewell.    <8e«re/ar<M,-^.  Darwin, 

Lloyd;  4.    On  M.gn.tic.1  Oh.erv.tion.  ^i^J^ll^A'^.  li:::Sfer^- 

in    Germany,   Norway,   and   Russia,   by  John  Taylor,  esa.    C#imd/,--Artbur  Aikin, 

Major  Sabine,  V.P.  esq.,  Francis  Baify,  esq..  Viscount  Cole,  Dr. 

Jan.   23.     Sir  John   Barrow,   V.P.—  fltton,  W.  Hopluns,e«i.,  It  Button^ 

—,«          luD       e-^urin .  LyeU,  esq..  Prof.  Miller,  R.  L  Murchison,  esq.. 

The  Rev.   John  Pye   Smith,   D.D.  was  gf  vT.  w!  tendarves,  eiq.,  P.  Pusey,  esq.,  ft! 

elected  Fellow. — Read,  1.  On  the  struc-  Rennie,  esq..  Prof.  Sedgwick,  and  D.  Sharpe, 

ture  of  Normal  and  Adventitious  Bone,  by  ^q* 

Alfred  Smee,  esq. ;  2.  An  attempt  to  es-  After  the  reading  of  the  Reports  from 

Ublish  a  new  and  general  NoUtion,   ap.  the  Council,  the  President  announced  that 

plicable  to  the  doctrine  of  Life  Contin-  the  Wollaaton  Medal  for  1840  had  been 

gencies,  by  Peter  Hardy,  esq.  awarded  to  M.   Andr^  Hubert  Dumont, 

Jan.  30.     J.  W.  Lubbock,  esq.  Treas.  for  hia  memoir  on  the  Geological  consti- 

V.P. — James  Annesley,  esq.  was  elected  tution  of  the  province  o(  Li^,  published 

Fellow.— Read,  Observationa  on    Single  in  1832,  having  obtained  the  prixe  offered 

Vision  with  two  Eyei ,  by  T.  Whtrton  by  the  Aeademy  of  Bnuaeli ;  and  one 

JoBct,  esq.  ywr*!  procMda  of  the  WoUiftoii  ftuid 


40R 


Uierarjf  and  Scientific  ItdclUgence. 


EApril, 


to  Mr.  James  de  Carle  Sowerby,  to  fa- 
cilitate  the  continuation  of  his  researches 
in  Mineral  Conchology. 

During  the  morning  meeting  Dr.  Buck- 
land  read  a  portion  of  his  address,  Tn- 
cluding  notices  of  the  following  deceased 
Fellows  and  Foreign  Members  : — Mr. 
Davies  Gilbert,  Capt.  Alexander  Gerard, 
Sir  John  St.  Aubyn,  Colonel  Silvertop, 
Mr.  Hunton,  Prof.  Esmark,  M.  Gim- 
bemat,  and  Prof.  Mohs ;  also  an  eulogy 
on  the  late  Mr.  William  Smith,  the  father 
of  English  Geology.  And  in  the  evening 
he  rei^  the  remainder  of  the  address. 


MICEOBCOPICAL  lOCIBTY. 

A  new  Society  has  been  established 
under  this  title,  under  the  presidency  of 
Professor  Owen.  The  first  meeting  was 
attended  by  upwards  of  a  hundred  mem- 
bers and  visitors.  The  President  an- 
nounced, that  since  the  Provisional  Meet- 
ing on  the  20th  of  December  the  number 
of  members  had  increased  to  110,  and  a 
further  addition  of  39  names  was  an- 
nounced in  the  course  of  the  evening, 
making  a  total  of  139  original  members 
of  the  Societv ;  it  having  been  determined 
that  those  who  joined  the  Society  on  or 
before  the  first  night  of  meeting  should  be 
considered  originid  members. 

Mr.  Owen  communicated  a  paper  **  On 
the  Application  of  Microscopic  Examina- 
tions of  the  structure  of  Teeth  to  the  de- 
termination of  Fossil  Remains.'' 

At  the  second  meeting  on  the  19th 
Feb.  a  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  Quekett, 
On  the  development  of  the  Vascular  tissue 
of  Plants. 

At  the  third  meeting  on  the  18th  March 
a  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  Edwards,  on  se- 
veral species  of  infusoria,  with  remarks  on 
the  analogy  which  they  present  between 
animal  and  vegetable  bodies.  An  animated 
discussion  ensued,  in  which  Dr.  Lindley, 
Dr.  Farre,  Mr.  Varley,  and  other  mem- 
bers,  took  part. 

ROYAL  BOTANIC   SOCIETY. 

March  10.  The  first  meeting  of  this 
Society  for  this  session  was  held  at  their 
apartments,  49  Pall  Mall ;  the  Marquess 
of  Northampton,  Vice-President,  in  the 
chair. — After  the  preliminary  business  a 
ballot  for  the  election  of  Fellows  took 
place,  when  189  noblemen,  ladies,  and 
gentlemen,  were  added  to  the  list.  At 
the  next  meeting  the  plans  for  laying  out 
the  gardens  in  Regent's  Park  (for  which 
there  is  a  great  competition)  will  be  exhi- 
bited to  the  Fellows  and  their  friends.  The 
designs  are  to  be  sent  in  on  Saturday, 
April  4th,  and  the  exhibition  of  them  will 
take  on  the  Wednesday  following. 


ROYAL  IK8TITUTI   OF  ]IRITI«H 
ARCHITRCTt. 

Feb.  17.  Mr.  John  Shaw  in  the  chair. 
Some  good  specimens  of  Coade*B  artifioial 
stone,  and  some  ornaments  in   stamped 
leather,  were  exhibited.     Mr.  C.  Henry 
Smith  read  a  valuable  paper  on  the  nature 
and  properties  of  various  stones  used  for 
the  purposes  of  building.   The  writer  con- 
fined himself  chiefly  to  the  lime-stones, 
reserving  the  oolites  for  another  opportu- 
nity.    Too  little  care  had  been  used  in 
England  in  the  selection  of  stone  for  build- 
ing, and  the  consequence  was   that  half 
the  ecclesiastical  and  baronial  edifices  re- 
maining, were  in  a  mouldering  condition. 
Neither  had  the  tint  of  the  atoiie  been  re- 
garded sufficiently;   in  Bristol  Cathedral 
for  example,  a  red  sandstone  and  a  yel- 
lowish magnesian  limestone  are  oaed  to- 
gether   indiscriminately.    It    aeema   un- 
certain whether  Caen  stone  was  used  here 
previous  to  the  Conquest ;  from  the  period 
of  that  event  however,  up  to  the  timt  of 
Henry  VIII.  it  was  extensively  employed, 
especially  for  deoorations.    St*  Geoi|;e*s 
chapel  at  Windsor,    the  centre  tower  at 
Canterbury  cathedral,  and   Henry  VH#*s 
Chapel  at  Westminster,  are  of  this  material. 
Reigate  stone  should  not  be  uaedezter- 
nally,  as  it  inevitably  decompoaes.    That 
portion  of  the  Banqueting-houie  at  White- 
hall which  was  restored  a  few  years  ago, 
namely  the  festoons  and  decorationa  at  the 
top,  were  of  Reigate  stone.  Cragleitii  aand- 
stone  is  an  excellent  material :  according  to 
Professor  Daniells  it  contains  ninety-eight 
of  silica.    The  cost  of  cutting  it,  in  eon- 
lequence,  ia  four  times  as  great  ••  that  of 
cutting  Portland  stone. 

March  2.  Mr.  HeSiry  Kendall  in  the 
chair.  The  Council  brought  np  their  re- 
port on  certain  essays  and  drawings  which 
had  been  submitted  to  them  in  competi- 
tion for  medals  ofifered  by  the  Inatitate. 
From  this  it  appeared  that  alihough  the 
productions  were  highly  creditable  to  their 
several  authors,  the  Council  did  not  con- 
sider them  of  such  a  character  aa  to  entitle 
them  to  the  reward  proposed. 

Mr.  Donaldson,  the  Foreign  Seoretary, 
read  a  description  of  the  discoveriea  made 
at  the  Porta  Maggiortt  Rome,  communi- 
cated by  Si^ore  Canina,  Corresponding 
Member.  Of  these  discoveries  an  acocmnt 
was  given  in  our  number  for  April  1839, 
p.  420. 

Mr.  Charles  Henry  Smith  deliTered  a 
second  lecture  on  the  properties  of  stones 
used  for  the  purposes  of  building,  con- 
fining himself  chiefly  to  the  oolites,  which 
extend  in  England  over  an  area  of  300 
miles.  He  justly  reprehended  the  «k- 
tensive  use  made  of  the  aofteit  of  the 
Bath  stones,  known  ••  Fadey-])owB  itoae. 


1840.] 


Literary  and  Scientific  InteUigenee, 


409 


That  from  Box  Quarry  was  infinitely  more 
enduring;  but  being  harder,  and  there- 
fore mor6  expensive  to  work,  had  been 
superseded  by  the  Farley-Down.  Henry 
the  Seventh's  Chapel  ut  Westminster, 
upon  the  restoration  of  which  jl,'40,00() 
had  been  expended,  was  already  in  a  state 
of  defcay,  and  in  120  years  would  be  a  ruin. 
Fdr  the  restorations  now  going  on  at  the 
Abbey  th^  same  sort  of  stone,  he  regretted 
to  say,  was  being  used.  Portland  stone 
was  first  used  extensively  in  the  metro- 
polis by  Ifllgo  Jones.  The  characteristics 
of  good  and  bad  Portland  stone  Mr. 
Smith  stated  to  be  in  his  opinion  ajs 
follow  : — 

Good, — Preponderance  of  weight ;  dark 
coloured  ;  of  uniform  colour ;  compact 
and  crystalline  ;  hard  to  crush. 

Bad. — Deficiency  of  weight ;  light  co- 
loured ;  party  coloured ;  open  and  pow- 
dery ;  friable. 

In  all  cases  the  north  and  east  sides  of 
old  buildings  arc  found  to  be  in  a  better 
state  of  preservation  than  the  south  and 
west  sides, — in  consequence,  doubtless, 
of  the  greater  alterations  of  temperature 
to  which  they  are  exposed.  In  the  words 
of  Davy,  since  human  science  has  disco- 
vered the  causes  of  decay,  it  is  not  too 
much  to  expect  that  human  art  will  ulti- 
mately be  able  to  apply  a  remedy. 

March  10*.  A  paper  was  read  on  a  new 
syHttin  of  framing  floors  and  roofs  of  Urge 
ripan,  and  applicable  to  bridges,  whether 
of  timber  or  iron,  communicated  by  Herr 
I^ves,  uf  Hanover,  Corresponding  Mem- 
ber. Sir  Gardner  Wilkinson,  Honorary 
Member,  proposed  a  question  respecting 
thf  "  origin  of  the  vertical  line  in  archi- 
ttcture,  and  the  return  to  the  horizontal 
line  in  Italian  buildings,"  which  led  to 
^ome  discussion. 

The  medals  of  the  Institute  will  be 
awarded  next  year  to  the  authors  of  the 
be!4t  essiays  on  the  following  subjects  : — 

On  tiie  distinctive  style  of  Inigo  Junes 
as  compared  with  that  of  other  architects 
of  the  ralladian  school. 

On  iron  r(M>fs,  shewing  the  comparative 
expense,  duraliility,  and  strength,  as  wn- 
traitted  with  timber  roofs,  illustrated  by 
existing  examples. 

The  hame  medallion  will  be  awarded,  in 
addition  to  a  premium  of  ten  guineas, 
oflVred  by  Miss  Haokett,  for  the  best  re- 
vtoratitm  of  Crosby  Place,  as  it  existed  in 
the  early  part  of  the  17th  century. 

THC  ARCHITICTrRR  OP  THE  .VINi:* 
TRINTH    CE.VTUBY. 

The  architectural  history  of  England, 
for  the  last  forty  or  fifty  years,  will  be 
read  with  peculiar  interest :  inasmuch  as 
it  records  a  series  offsets,  unpartUeled  in 

Gbnt.  M.\o.  Vol.  XIII. 


the  annals  of  any  country,  or  of  any  pe- 
riod of  time.  In  all  nations,  and  ineyery 
succeeding  age,  there  seems  to  have  been 
some  one  particular  style,  that,  for  the 
time  of  its  duration,  was  almost  unirer- 
sally  prevalent ;  and  when  the  fashion  of 
it  passed  away,  the  architecture  of  the 
periods  that  followed  was  in  each  of  them, 
to  about  an  equal  extent,  distinguished 
by  a  similar  uniformity.  In  the  ases  that 
have  passed,  we  can  scarcely  ever  discorer 
the  adoption  of  a  diversity  of  styles,  at 
one  and  the  same  time ;  and  we  cannot 
but  remark,  that  it  has  been  reserved  for 
the  nineteenth  century,  and  especially  for 
own  country,  to  exhibit  to  the  world  the 
every  day  ocosrrence,  of  buildings  being 
unceasingly  constructed,  in  styles  that  in 
a  chronological  point  of  view  are  the  most 
remote  from  each  other,  as  well  as  on 
principles  which  are  diametrically  oppo- 
site. 

All  these  styles  have  been  carefully 
studied  by  the  enterprising  architects  ojf 
the  united  kingdom ;  and  the  result  haa 
been,  that  both  in  the  domestic  and  eccle- 
siastical departments  of  the  art,  an  almost 
unlimited  variety  of  edifices  has  arisen, 
that,  wherever  the  means  have  been  ade- 
quate to  the  end,  would  have  done  honour 
to  the  several  ages  and  countries,  whose 
architectural  remains  have  aiforded  models 
to  exercise  the  ingenuity  and  application  of 
this  industrious  class  of  Brituh  artists. 
Were  it  not,  that  the  extent  of  our  printed 
records  of  late  years  has  been  altogether 
unexampled,  the  antiquaries  of  future  ages 
would  be  doubtless  lost  in  amaxement,  on 
contemplating  the  very  opposite  works» 
many  of  which  are  perfect  in  their  re- 
spective kinds,  that  have  been  raised  after 
the  examples  of  ancient  Greece  and  Ronie# 
-—of  Italy  during  the  middle  and  still  later 
ages, — of  England,  at  the  time  of  the 
Norman  Conquest,  and  of  the  three  svc- 
ceeding  styles,  that  have  each  been  long 
distinguished  for  their  peculiar  beautiat. 
Nor  have  these  been  all,  that  the  historim 
is  required  to  enumerate:  for  as>  from 
the  days  of  Dioclesian,  if  not  before  hii 
time,  the  five  orders  of  Roman  architec- 
ture had  for  several  centuries  been  de- 
based and  confounded,  till  their  revival  in 
a  modem  age, — so  were  the  three  stylet 
of  English  architecture,  that  successiTelr 
arose  from  the  twelfth  to  the  fifteenth 
centuries,  consigned  in  like  manner  to  e 
8|>ecies  of  debasement,  the  fortune  of 
which  has  been  singular  and  curious. 

After  the  decline  of  the  Norman  archi- 
tecture, which  was  but  a  debasement  of 
the  Roman,  it  was  succeeded  in  their  se- 
veral turns  by  the  three  styles  alluded  t% 
whicli  liave  been  called  by  Mr.  Rickroan, 
as   distinguishing  and  most  appropriate 

3G 


410 


Literary  and  Mentific  InteUigence, 


[April, 


t^rms,  Early  Enghuhf  Decorated  Engluh^ 
and  Perpendicular  Engli»h.  T)ie  debase- 
ment ensued  in  what  has  often  been  called 
the  T\tdor  Aye ;  and,  though  with  some 
considerable  variationM,  continued  to  be 
the  universally  prevailing  style,  through 
the  reigns  of  the  virgin  Queen  and  her 
successor  King  James  the  First.  De- 
basement though  it  be  accounted,  and 
strangely  mixed  with  no  small  portions 
derived  from  the  recently  attempted  re- 
vival of  the  Roman  orders,  it  is  yet  a  style 
that  in  our  times  seems  to  be  peculiarly 
dear  to  Englishmen.  And  justly  is  it  so. 
For,  in  the  construction  of  country  resi- 
dences, large  or  small,  there  is  no  other 
that  harmonizes  so  well  with  the  general 
■cenery  of  our  native  land.  Amid  the  va- 
riety of  orders  and  styles,  the  ornaments 
of  ages  more  or  less  remote,  that  have 
been  extensively  adopted  in  the  buildings 
of  the  present  century,  the  public  estima- 
tion has  decidedly  marked  this  peculiar 
style  as  its  own  ;  and  the  appropriate  term 
Elizabethan  will  descend  to  our  posterity, 
as  designating  the  many  fine  examples, 
that  have  lately  been  modelled  from  ex- 
isting edifices  of  the  last  reign  of  the 
Tudors,  and  the  first  of  the  Stuarts. 

Of  the  many  Churches  that  have  been 
built,  several  may  be  observed  as  success- 
ful erections  after  the  three  pure  orders 
of  Greece,  which  are  now  perfectly  well 
understood.  The  Roman  orders  have  not 
been  so  frequently  followed;  but,  as  in 
the  domestic  department,  the  designs  for 
a  considerable  majority  of  sacred  edifices 
have  been  sought  in  our  own  land.  With- 
in the  last  few  years  many  Norman  and 
Early  English  churches  have  arisen,  a  few 
of  the  Decorated,  and  still  more  of  the 
Perpendicular  style.  If  there  be  any  cause 
for  regret,  it  is  in  cases  where  the  means 
have  not  been  sufficiently  ample,  to  do 
justice  to  the  acknowledged  ta^te  and  skill 
of  the  respective  architects. 

The  styles  that  in  our  age  have  been 
adopted,  especially  for  Z>owm/ic  purposes, 
were  derived  however  from  a  still  wider 
range.  The  ancient  and  massive  temples 
of  Egypt  have  given  rise  to  some  correct 
imitations,  though  on  a  very  small  scale ; 
and  where  a  lighter  and  truly  oriental  style 
has  pleased  the  fancy,  China  and  Hindos- 
tan,  Persia  and  Turkey,  have  afforded  de- 
signs, which,  though  not  in  accordance 
with  the  general  taste,  have  contributed 
to  augment  the  variety,  so  strikingly  pre- 
sented by  modem  architecture.  To  come 
nearer  home  ;  the  timber  houses  of  Swit- 
zerland, with  their  exterior  stairs  and  gal- 
leries, and  the  older  mansions  of  the  same 
material,  so  general  in  this  country  and 
on  the  continent,  while  the  ancient  forests 
were  yet  in  being,  have  each  had  their 


practical  admirers,  and  with  eqtud  suc- 
cess. The  thatched  cottage,  which  seems 
best  fitted  for  the  abode  of  humble  life,  in 
the  more  retired  villages  and  fields,  has 
been  constructed  in  numerous  instances 
for  the  occasional  residence  of  the  highest 
classes  of  society,  and  even  of  royalty  it* 
self.  In  one  remarkable  instance,  (the 
Royal  Cottage  in  Windsor  Park)  the  re- 
quisite extent  of  building,  for  the  accom- 
modation of  a  large  establishment,  was  so 
judiciously  concealed  by  varied  plantations 
and  evergreen  fences  on  well  choten  spots, 
that  the  views  of  the  cottage  firom  differ^ 
ent  parts  of  the  lawns  and  gardens  could 
not  possibly  offend  the  eye  of  taste,  bjdii- 
playing  too  broad  a  mass  of  building,  in 
proportion  to  the  height,  which  of  neces- 
sity was  very  limited. 

The  old  castellated  buildings  of  France 
and  Scotland,  with  their  characteristic  ac- 
companiments of  round  embattled  towers 
and  high  conical  roofs,  appear  to  have 
been  but  once  imitated  in  England,  in  the 
Penitentiary  on  the  outskirts  of  West- 
minster :  while  a  style,  of  a  very  different 
class,  called  modem  Italian,  Romanesque, 
or  Tuscan,  has  met  with  many  admirers, 
and  been  extensively  adopted,  for  domestic 
use,  during  the  last  twenty  years.  It  may 
be  either  simple  in  its  outline  and  details, 
or  admit  of  considerable  and  even  extreme 
enrichment ;  and  it  is  well  suited  for  many 
important  purposes,  in  no  ordinary  de- 
gree. Several  judicious  and  commodious 
structures  of  the  kind  have  been  erected, 
varying  greatly  in  form,  as  occasion  may 
have  required,  but  all  evidently  bespeak- 
ing a  common  origin.  It  may  either  be 
square  and  compact  in  figure  ;  or,  consis- 
tently with  the  utmost  convenience,  and 
without  any  violation  of  rule,  it  may  be 
planned  with  the  greatest  possible  irregu- 
larity. The  effect  is  often  exceedingly 
picturesque ;  and  future  additions  may  be 
made,  without  the  slightest  injury  to  this 
desirable  and  attractive  quality. 

One  of  the  earliest  structiu*e8  in  this 
style,  that  excited  more  than  ordinary  at- 
tention, is  the  tower  ^which  was  bnut  on 
Lansdown,  near  Bath,  by  William  Beck- 
ford,  esq.  soon  after  he  had  disposed  of 
his  estate  at  Fonthill,  in  the  year  1992, 
Of  the  buildings  that  are  square  and  eom^ 
pacty  as  best  suited  for  street  architecture, 
perhaps  the  most  elegant  specimens  are, 
the  Travellers'  Club  House  in  Pall  Mall, 
the  two  fronts  of  which  were  designed 
from  the  Pandulfi  Palace  at  Florence ; 
the  Reform  Club  House,  recently  erected 
in  the  same  street;  the  Club  Chambers, 
about  the  same  time,  in  the  first  division 
from  thence  of  Regent  Street ;  and  the 
London  and  Westminster  Bank,  near  the 
Bank  of  England.    The  edifices  thathtTO 


1840.] 


Literary  and  Scientific  Inlelligenci, 


41  i 


been  designed  with  more  or  less  of  irre- 
f/ularity,  as  being  well  adapted  for  country 
residences,  are  already  very  numerous. 
There  are  indeed  many  to  be  admired ; 
and  without  depreciating  their  peculiar 
merits,  it  may  suffice  to  mention  the  hand- 
some and  commodious  house,  built  a  few 
years  ago  at  Bromley  Hill  in  Kent,  by 
the  late  Lord  Famborough ;  and  of  still 
more  recent  erection,  and  for  a  purpose 
interesting  to  humanity,  Tue  Brook  Villa, 
near  Liverpool,  the  property  and  residence 
of  John  Owen,  esq. 

In  the  last  century,  nearly  all  the  more 
costly  structures  of  the  period  were  pro- 
perly speaking  of  the  Palladian  School, 
They  were  according  to  the  revived  archi- 
tecture of  Rome  ;  and  admitted  of  no  de- 
viation whatever  from  the  strict  rules  of 
the  Fire  Orders^  as  laid  down  by  the  best 
professors  of  the  art,  in  the  Augustan  age. 
For  the  domestic  retirement  of  rural  life, 
neither  these,  nor  the  still  more  rigid  re- 
gulations of  the  pure  Grecian  orders,  have 
had  any  decided  preference  shewn  them 
in  our  days,  compared  with  the  much 
greater  number  of  mansions,  that  have 
been  raised  on  plans  of  more  unlimited 
freedom,  both  of  outline  and  decoration. 
This  liberty  has  been  found,  and  exten- 
sively acted  upon,  in  following  the  Eliza- 
bethan examples  of  our  own  land,  as  well 
as  those  of  modem  times  in  Italy,  which 
arc  correctly  designated  by  the  term  Ro- 
manesque. These  two  styles,  which  com- 
prise some  principles  of  affinity  to  each 
other,  that  have  occasionally  produced  a 
re»emblance  by  no  means  distant,  are  to 
he  seen  in  high  perfection,  as  the  omi- 
ments  of  many  a  fair  park  and  lawn,  in 
almost  every  district  of  the  kingdom. 

To  sum  up  these  remarks  on  the  Archi- 
tf <  turc  of  the  Nineteenth  Century,  it  may 
be  added,  that  in  the  hemisphere  which 
contains  Kurope,  Asia,  and  Africa,  the 
buildings  of  every  country,  that  either  is, 
or  has  been  civilized,  have  been  carefully 
examined,  for  the  advancement  of  the  art 
in  the  united  kingdom.  Saxon. 


OXFORD  ARCHITKCTURAL  hOCICTY. 

Feb.  JG.  A  paper  was  read  by  Mr. 
Derick,  on  St.  Mary  Magdalene  Church, 
Oxford,  showing  from  a  careful  examina- 
tion of  the  construction,  that  tlic  original 
chancel  is  the  work  of  the  twelfth  century, 
though  little  of  the  original  work  now  rc- 
mHins.  Tlic  very  ^inf^llar  ea»t  window 
he  showed  to  be  of  the  fourteenth  century, 
by  careful  drawings  and  sections  of  de- 
tails: this  window  is  remarkably  plain, 
though  belonging  to  the  st>Ie  culled 
••  Decorated."  The  north  aisle  is  the 
work  of  tb«  tbirtccQtb  century,  though 


much  mutilated.  The  beautiful  south 
aisle,  or  cha))el,  is  of  the  time  of  Edward 
II.,  and  supposed  to  be  founded  by  that 
monarch  as  a  chapel  to  the  monastery  of 
the  Carmelites  or  White  Friars,  he  having 
given  them  his  palace  of  Beaumont  for 
their  monastery,  in  fultilment  of  a  vow 
made  at  the  battle  of  Bannockbum,  by 
the  advice  of  his  confessor,  who  was  a 
monk  of  this  fraternity.  The  nave  and 
tower  were  rebuilt  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
VIII.,  but  in  the  tower  a  quantity  of  old 
materiab,  brought  from  Rewley  Abbey  at 
the  time  the  church  there  was  pulled  down, 
are  built  into  the  later  work.  Mr.  Derick 
showed,  by  his  drawings  and  sections,  that 
the  very  singular  window  on  the  west  side 
of  the  tower  is  quite  of  the  French  Flam- 
boyant style,  not  only  in  its  general 
character,  but  also  in  its  mouldings  and 
details,  and  by  the  manner  in  which  it  is 
built  into  the  other  work  must  have  been 
brought  from  some  other  building,  the 
masonry  as  well  as  the  style  being 
different  from  that  of  the  tower  itself. 
He  then  supported  the  conclusions  he  had 
drawn  from  the  examination  of  the  build- 
ing, by  extracts  from  Dugdale  and  Antony 
Wood. 

March  11.  A  letter  was  read  from 
Professor  Wilson,  on  the  subject  of 
Gothic  churches  in  India,  stating  the 
difficulties  which  would  have  to  be  en- 
countered. Some  remarks  upon  this  letter 
were  also  read,  showing  how  these  diffi- 
culties might  perhaps  be  avoided,  ob- 
serving that  good  taste  is  not  necessarily 
expensive,  but  often  the  reverse;  that 
elegant  forms  do  not  necessarily  cost  more 
than  ugly  ones  ;  and  that  ornament  is  not 
essential  to  Gothic  architecture.  That 
even  if  not  more  than  a  thousand  pounds 
could  be  raised  at  once  for  a  church,  that 
sum  might  suffice  to  build  a  chapel  on  the 
model  of  Littlemore,  which  might  after- 
wards become  the  chancel  of  a  large 
church.  And  this  pUin  appears  to  have 
been  frecjuently  acted  upon  in  the  middle 
ages  in  poor  districts.  Mr.  Sewell  men- 
tioned that  a  similar  plan  has  lately  been 
acted  upon  in  Ireland  with  great  advan- 
tage ;  the  chapel  which  is  to  form  the 
nucleus  of  a  future  church  being  also 
used  as  a  school -room. 

A  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  Parker  on  St. 
Michael's  church,  Oxford,  illustrated  by 
several  drawings.  The  tower  of  this  charch 
is  supposed  to  be  Saxon,  and  has  several 
balustre  windows,  also  long-and-short 
work  at  the  angles  ;  but  the  peculiar  form 
of  the  abacus  u«ed  in  all  the  windows,  and 
in  an  original  doorway  now  blocked  up, 
looks  more  like  Norman  thf  n  Saxon  work. 
l*hc  chancel  is  plain  and  Fomewhat  mde 
work  of  the  IJth  century  }  the  east  window 


112 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence, 


[April 


partly  Ailed  up,  and  its  proportions  spoil - 
cdi  to  accommodate  the  waimtcoting.  The 
BtfC  and  south  aisle  of  the  1 4th.  One  of 
the  windows  of  this  aisle  is  an  uncommon 
one,  a  plain  window  of  three  lancet- 
formed  lights  under  one  arch,  with 
mouldings  of  the  early  part  of  the  14th 
century,  very  clear  and  distinct.  The 
north  side  is  of  the  Ifith  century.  At  the 
east  end  of  it  are  three  very  elegant  niches 
of  an  unusual  form,  which  have  originally 
bfen  the  reredos  of  an  altar.  The  porch 
is  a  good  specimen  of  the  1 4th  century. 

OXFORD  MEMORIAL  OF  CRANMER, 
RIDLEY,  AND  LATIMER. 

A  meeting  of  the  subscribers  to  this 
undertaking  was  holden  in  the  Town 
Ilall,  Oxford,  on  Thursday  March  5th. 
The  Committee  have  found  it  im])racti- 
cable  to  obtain  an  eligible  site  fur  ''A 
Church  commemorative,  chiefly  by  ex- 
ternal decoration,  of  the  three  Martyr 
Prelates."  It  was  therefore  resolved,  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  spirit  of  the  Resolution 
of  January  31,  1839,  to  substitute  for  this 
a  Monumental  Structure  at  the  nortliern 
extremity  of  St.  Mary  Magdalene  church- 
yard, in  connexion  with  the  rebuilding 
and  enlarging  the  northern  aisle  of  the 
church,  so  as  to  be  capable  of  containing 
about  the  same  number  of  persons  as  it 
was  proposed  to  accommodate  in  a  sepa- 
rate building ;  that  aisle  to  be  called  the 
Martyrs'  aisle,  and  to  be  commemorative 
of  them  chiefly  by  external  decoration. 
The  monumental  structure  will  be  a  cross 
of  the  character  of  those  of  Queen  Elea- 
nor, and  the  alterations  of  the  church  will 
be  in  accordance  with  the  style  of  the 
monument.  A  Committee  was  authorised 
to  choose  a  design,  and  adopt  all  necessary 
measures  for  carrying  the  resolutions  into 
eflfect. 


THE  LITERARY  FUND. 

March  11.  At  the  anniversary  there 
was  a  general  re-election  of  the  President, 
Vice-Presidents,  and  other  officers  of  this 
excellent  Institution ;  and  a  manifest  im- 
provement on  their  efficiency  as  a  body 
was  made  by  reviving  two  offices  which 
had  fallen  into  desuetude,  viz.  the  offices  of 
Honorary  Solicitor  and  Honorary  Phy- 
sician. The  trouble  of  the  former  was 
generously  undertaken  by  William  Tooke, 
esq.  (already  one  of  the  Treasurers  of  the 
Fund);  and  for  the  latter.  Dr.  Fraser, 
now  returning  from  Rome,  also  offered 
his  services  in  the  most  liberal  manner. 
When  it  is  remembered  how  often  medical 
aid  may  be  administered  to  the  applicants, 
and  be  far  more  valuable  than  any  pecu- 
niary aid  which  could  be  given  themj  the 


value  and  importance  of  this  arrangement 
can  hardly  be  too  highly  estimated. 

RECENT   DESTRUCTION    OF   EXCHE<illSA 
RECORDS  AT  80MER8ET-HOU8B. 

The  attention  of  that  portion  of  thq 
public  which  entertains  a  regard  for  histo- 
rical literature  has  been  strongly  excited 
by  some  recent  disclosures  made  respect- 
ing the  destruction  of  a  very  large  mass 
of  valuable  national  records.  Th^  subject 
was  brought  before  the  House  of  Peers 
by  Lord  Redesdale,  and  an  address  was 
carried  for  copies  of  all  communications 
between  the  Treasury  and  the  Comptrol- 
ler of  the  Exchequer  respecting  this  unto- 
ward transaction.  These  communications 
were  laid  before  the  House  on  the  17th 
of  March,  and  have  since  been  printed. 
On  that  occasion  Lord  Monteagle  assured 
the  House  that  every  document  of  the 
least  value  had  been  preserved  ;  but  whe- 
ther his  Lordship  had  been  rightly  in- 
formed, our  readers  will  be  better  able  to 
judge  when  they  have  perused  what  fol- 
lows. It  appears  from  the  correspond- 
ence, that  the  first  intimation  of  the  state 
of  these  documents  was  conveyed  to  Sir 
John  Newport,  the  late  Comptroller,  in 
March  1836,  by  Mr.  Frederick  Deron, 
who  reported  that  they  were  lying  in  a 
vault  of  Somerset  House,  the  doorway  of 
which  had  been  built  up  for  many  years., 
and  which  he  entered  by  means  oi  a  lad- 
der at  a  place  which  was  once  a  window ; 
and  that  there  was  nothing  to  prevent 
their  being  stolen  by  any  one  who  knew 
of  their  situation.  A  communication  was 
made  by  Sir  John  Newport  to  the  Trea- 
sury ;  but  nothing  was  done  for  nearly 
two  years,  until  in  March  1838  an  agree- 
ment was  made  with  Mr.  Charles  Jay,  a 
fishmonger  in  Hungerford  Market,  for 
their  sale  at  the  price  of  8/.  a  ton.  The 
further  details  of  the  operations  we  shall 
give  in  the  words  of  Mr.  Ashburnham 
Bulley,  the  principal  officer  employed. 

*'  The  papers,  books,  parchments,  &c. 
contained  in  above  100  large  boxes,  be- 
sides an  immense  heap  upon  the  floor  of 
the  vault,  upon  removal  and  investigation, 
have  been  found  to  consist  of  all  varieties 
of  official  papers  connected  with  the  transac- 
tions  of  the  different  departments  of  the 
ancient  Exchequer,  ranging  from  the  time 
of  Edward  IV.  to  the  year  1788  in  the 
reign  of  George  III.,  referring  chiefly  to 
the  expenditure  of  the  State,  and  the  larger 
quantity  belonging  to  theperiodsapproadi- 
ing  our  own  times.  They  have  been  de- 
posited in  the  vault  at  different  uncertain 
periods  anterior  to  the  last  fifty  years,  and 
have  there  laid,  dirty,  mouldering,  and 


1 840.] 


LUerary  and  Scientific  IntelUgence, 


413 


rotting,  antU  thii  examination.  The  great 
mass  was  compoaed  of  Treaaury  letters  of 
direction,   rough   accounts    and  account 
books,  of  receipts  for  the  several  services 
Hiid  for  small  sums,  of  warrants  and  orders 
long  since  satisfied,  relating  in  great  mea- 
sure to  loans  raised  by  way  of  annuity,  lot- 
tery, &c.  to  carry  on  the  wars  in  which  this 
(x>untry  was  engaged  during  the  last  cen- 
tury.    These  documents,   although  pos- 
sessed of  no  real  value  at  the  present  time, 
would  probably,  if  allowed  to  go  out  in 
their  perfect  form,  originate  troublesome 
inquiries  and  mistaken  claims  upon  the 
(iuvernment  by  the  descendants  of  the  in- 
dividuals named  in  them  ;  it  has  there- 
fore been  considered  necessary  to  deprive 
each  order  and  warrant  of  its  signature, 
ikv. ;  the  books  also  have  been  effectually 
destroyed  ;    and  the  whole,  after  having 
been  thus  subjected  to  car^l  examina- 
lion  and  mutUatiorif  have  been  disposed 
of  under  the  contract  approved  by  the 
Treasury. 

"  The  Exchequer,  at  an  earlier  ))eriod, 
not  only  took  cognizance  of,  controlled, 
and  recorded  the  income  and  expenditure 
of  the  country  in  its  masses,  but  appears 
to  have  entered  into,  and  to  have  been 
the  dei>o»itory  of,  the  most  minute  details 
of  every  circumstance  connected  with 
matters  of  account.  It  could  not,  there- 
fore, but  be  anticipated  that  amon^t 
hucli  a  mass  of  papers  referring  to  its 
Trauhaetions  some  few  would  be  disco- 
vered, possessed  not  only  of  official  value 
as  records,  but  of  general  interest,  as 
bearing  the  most  authentic,  because  ori- 
l^inal,  evidence  upon  many  points  of 
curiosity  to  the  antiquarian,  or  of  doubt 
to  the  student  and  the  historian.  Ac- 
corilingly  I  have  the  satisfaction  of  stating 
below  the  titles  of  some  very  curious  and 
valuable  documents  which  have  been  pre- 
served, in  addition  to  the  rolls  and  books 
reserved  towards  supplying  the  deficien- 
cies of  the  bcrics  of  records  already  csta- 
bli>hccl  here.  The  entire  books,  docu- 
ments, \c.  having  been  subjected  to  the 
aciton  of  damp  in  a  vault  on  a  level  with 
and  in  the  immediate  nciyhbourhood  ^f 
the  ThamtM  for  Mpwatdu  qf  half  a  cen- 
tury, many  of  them  had  become  decom- 
posed, and  the  whole  mass  would,  if  still 
left  to  the  oiK'ration  of  the  same  influence, 
liave  shared  in  the  same  undistinguishing 
destruction.  I  trust,  therefore,  that  these 
results,  whiUt  they  prove  the  necessity 
and  advantage  of  the  examination  insti- 
tuted by  the  Lords  Commissioners  of  Her 
Majesty's  Treasury,  will  also  be  received 
an  evidence  of  the  care  with  which  it  has 
been  conducted,  and  will  be  satisfactory 
to  their  Lordahips  and  to  yourtelf. 


BOOKS    AND   D0CUMBNT8   HESERVED. 

U/.    As  Official  Records. 

Issue  Rolls,  various,  from  the  time  of 
Edward.  IV.  Receipt  Ditto.  Privy  Seal 
Books.  Patent  Ditto.  M^arrant  Ditto. 
Books  of  Issue.  Books  of  Receipt.  Privy 
Seals,  &c. 

'2d.    As  possessed  not  only  of  ojfficial  but 
general  interest  and  value. 

Imperfect  Books  of  entry  of  Letters  to 
Queen  Elizabeth,  concerning  Mary  Queen 
of  Scots,  and  various  other  subjects, 
Amio  1571-^,  dated  from  Bloisand  Paris; 
likewise  of  several  addressed  to  Lords 
Leicester,  Sussex,  Burghley,  and  other 
Statesmen. 

Quarterly  Returns  of  State  Prisoners  in 
the  Tower  of  London  and  Gatehouse  at 
Westminster,  signed  by  Lords  of  the 
Council  and  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower, 
with  expenses  of  the  same,  &c.  from  1570. 
(Incomplete.) 

Court  Rolls  from  the  Manor  of  Ber- 
meghem  (Elizabeth.) 

Copy  of  the  Bonds  delivered  to  the 
French  Ambassador  upon  the  payment  of 
6(),U00/.  into  the  Exchequer  from  the 
Queen  Regent  of  France,  due  from  the 
late  Henrj  IV.  of  France  to  Queen  Eliza* 
beth.     7  th  November  1612. 

Account  of  Jewels,  Gold,  Silver,  and 
Diamonds,  &c.  sold  (and  to  whom)  or 
coined  for  Her  Mi^esty^s  Benefit,  amount- 
ing to  the  sum  of  9,810/.  IGt.  lOJ.  Anno 
ItiOO.     42  Elizabeth. 

Accounts  of  a  like  nature. 

Sir  Benjamin  Tichbourne*s  (and  others) 
account  for  carrying  certain  Prisoners 
from  Bagshot  to  Winchester;  viz.  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh,  Sir  Griffin  Markham, 
Sir  Edward  Parham,  Lord  Cobham,  &c» 
Anno  1(>03. 

Articles  of  Agreement  between  Henrj 
VIII.  and  the  Parliament.  Signed  by 
the  King. 

Expenses  of  Diet  of  Lords  of  the  Coun- 
cil, Sic.  at  the  Star  Chamber,  from  1560 
to  ;  stating  (in  many  instancei)  the 

Lords   present  on  each  day,  with  name 
and  price  of  each  article  provided. 

Ditto  of  Lords  of  the  Council  at  the 
Palace. 

Ditto  of  Cardinal  Wolsey. 

A  few  Bulls  of  the  Pope  on  several  sub* 
jects  about  the  same  period. 

A  Diplomatic  Correspondence  (temp* 
Henry  Mil.)  partly  in  Latin  and  in  a- 
pher,  principally  addressed  to  Cardinal 
\Volsey. 

Twenty- three  Articles  of  Impeachment 
exhibited  against  the  Earl  of  Kiidare  by 
the  Earl  of  Ormonde.  Signed  by  Cardl> 
nal  Wolsey. 


414 


Literary  and  Sctentific  Intelligence. 


[April, 


Privy  Seals  of  Prince  Charles,  signed 
by  him.     Anno  1623. 

Household  Expenses  of  Prince  Charies. 
Anno  1618,  1619,  1620. 

Composition  Book  (in  counties),  stat- 
ing sums  paid  by  each  individual  to  be 
exempted  from  Knighthood  at  the  Coro- 
nation of  Charles  I. 

Original  Commission  for  Loans  in  the 
county  of  Derby,  with  Returns  of  the 
Sums  lent  by  the  several  Parties.  (^Charles 
I.  and  subsequently.) 

Number  of  Persons  touched  for  the 
King^s  Evil,  and  Medals  delivered  to  the 
same.  Signed  by  the  Clerk  of  the  Closet. 
Various  dates,  from  1669  to  167.'>. 

Rolls  of  Ushers  of  the  Exchequer. 
(Oliver  Cromwell.)     &c.  &c.  &c. 

**  These  Books  and  Documents  reserved 
are  in  the  Record  Room  of  this  Office, 
and  the  vault  at  Somerset  House  is  per- 
fect It/  clear,  and  is,  I  believe,  now  appro- 
priated to  the  use  of  another  Department. 
The  paper  disposed  of  (after  undergoing 
the  mutilation  above  mentioned,  and  under 
the  contract  approved  by  the  Treasury), 
amounting  by  weight  to  eight  tons  and 
three  quarters,  and  the  boxes,  have  pro- 
duced the  sum  of  79/.  2*.,  which  remains 
in  my  hands ;   the  purchaser  paying  all 
expenses  of  raising  from  the  vault,  and 
removing  them  to  and  from  the  Exchequer, 
which  alone,  as  I  am  informed,  cost  him30/. 
**  In  order  to  accomplish  the  examination 
within  the  shortest  period,  since  the  15th 
of  last  March,  with  few  exceptions,  to  the 
present  time,  the  following  persons  have 
been  engaged  in  it,  in  extra  official  hours  : 
— Myself,  upon  an  average  three  hours 
daily  ;  two  clerks,  each  five  hours  ;  two 
messengers,  each  six  hours ;  every  pre- 
caution having  been   successfully   taken 
against  fire;  and  for  this  extra  occupa- 
tion, during  a  period  of  nine  months,  under- 
taken by  the  direction  of  the  Lords  of  tlic 
Treasury,  and  to  be  specially  remunerated, 
no  remunerationhas  been  hitherto  received. 
In  respectfully  calling,  by  your  aid,  the  at- 
teutiou  of  their  Lordships  to  this  ponit,  I 
should  feel  myself  wanting  in  justice  to 
those  employed  under  me  in  the  task  if  I 
failed  to  point  out  the  extremely  disagree- 
able if  not  unhealthy  nature  of  the  em- 
ployment ;  and,  in  so  doing,  I  hope  to 
establish  a  claim  to  their  Lordships'  most 
liberal  consideration.     The   Papers,  &c. 
having  been,  as  I  have  stated,  for  above 
half  a  century  lying  in  a  damp  vault,  and 
many  of  them  mouldering  away,  tlie  room 
appropriated  for  their  examination  became 
constantly  charged  with  the  decomposed 
particles  and  dust,  to  be  inhaled  by  those 
engaged  in  the  operation ;  and  the  weight 
alone  of  papers  sold  (not  including  those 
entirely  destroyed,  rotten,  or  reserved), 


each  of  which  had  to  be  examined  and 
mutilated,  will  prove  that  the  duty  hat 
been  extremely  laborious ;  in  fkct  I  hare 
never  had  to  perform  a  more  ardnous  or 
unpleasant  task.*' 

For  the  performance  of  these  aerrices* 
the  sum  of  200/.  was  awarded  to  Mr. 
Bulley,  to  his  two  clerks  2/.  St.  per  week 
each,  and  to  the  two  messengers  a  gratnity 
of  30/.  each.  It  has  been  already  seen  that 
the  total  sum  received  from  the  fishmonger 
was  less  than  BO/.  Viewed  merely  in  a 
financial  point  of  view,  it  is  by  no  means 
satisfactory  that  the  papers  should  have 
been  brought  to  so  bad  a  market.  No 
sooner  do  the  dealers  in  autographM  hear 
rumours  of  the  game  in  view,  than  they 
go  and  offer  to  Mr.  Jay  a  profit  of  500/. 
per  cent.  We  are  informed  on  good  autho- 
rity that  Mr.  Waller,  a  dealer  in  curiosi- 
ties, gave  Jay  30f.  a  cwt.  for  such  por- 
tions only  of  the  documents  as  were  written 
on  paper,  those  on  parchment  being  more 
valuable.  Thus  the  first  profit  was  enor- 
mous ;  but  from  amongst  each  hundred- 
weight of  papers  there  were  doubtless 
many  documents,  the  market  value  of 
which  in  one  of  our  literary  auction-rooms 
would  be  some  pounds  each.  Thus  the 
amount  of  the  public  loss  by  the  fUh* 
basket  plan  is  incalculable. 

But  then  comes  the  more  important 
question — why  should  this  rich  and  intel- 
ligent country,  acting  upon  such  a  penny- 
wise  and  pound-foolish  system,  sell  its 
national  muniments  at  all  ?  Why  should 
an  employment  of  so  '*  extremely  cusagree- 
able  if  not  unhealthy  nature  "  be  imposed 
upon  the  delicate  frames  of  the  clerks  of 
the  Exchequer?  why  should  notdocuments, 
admitted  to  be  of  by-gone  times,  depo- 
sited  '*  the  very  latest  fifty,  and  many  of 
thcni  a  hundred  years  ago,"  be  removed 
for  sortation  to  the  dry,  warmed,  and  ven- 
tilated basement  story  of  the  British  Mu- 
seum, and  be  there  examined  by  another 
class  of  public  officers,  who  have  had  more 
experience  in  matters  of  the  kind  ?  It 
would  be  very  easy  for  the  Government 
departments  to  retain  the  power  of  recall 
upon  any  documents  which,  on  the  in- 
spe(;tion  of  an  inventory  or  calendar,  it 
might  be  considered  premature  to  submit 
to  the  public  eye :  but  to  pretend  that 
historical  documents  can  be  properly  esti- 
mated by  mere  arithmeticians,  account- 
ants, and  porters,  is  the  very  height  of 
absurdity. 

Of  the  truth  of  this  opinion  we  have 
ample  proof  in  the  statement  made  by 
the  Carl  of  Aberdeen  in  the  House  of 
Lords,  on  the  23d  March.  The  noble 
President  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries 
then  remarked,  that  he  had  no  doubt 
that  there  was  a  large  mass  of  papen 


1840.] 


Literary  and  Scientific  Inlelligence, 


415 


of  DO  value  whatever  which  had  been 
ordered  to  be  destroyed  ;  but  he  must  suy 
that  the  persons,  to  whose  care  the  exa- 
mination was  entrusted,  were  either  guilty 
of  great  negligence,  or  they  were  incom- 
j)etent  to  the  task.  He  had  learned  that 
there  was  a  great  mass  of  papers  in  the 
hands  of  the  auctioneers  of  London  for 
the  purpose  of  being  sold.  It  was  only 
the  day  before  yesterday  that  he  was  at 
the  British  Museum,  when  he  learnt  that 
a  portion  of  papers  had  been  offered  for 
sale  there,  which  had  fallen  into  the  hands 
of  a  bookseller.  He  had  no  doubt  that  the 
Museum  would  purchase  the  whole  of 
what  had  been  offered  ;  but  he  must  say, 
h<*  thought  it  a  little  hard  that  the  public 
should  have  to  purchase  their  own  records 
in  this  fashion.  One  of  the  first  papers 
which  he  examined  was  a  letter  addressed 
by  the  Secretary  of  State  of  Leo  the  Tenth 
to  Cardinal  WoUey,  which  accompanied 
the  cap  and  sword  which  it  was  customary 
for  the  Popes  to  transmit,  from  time  to 
time,  to  the  favoured  princes  of  Chris- 
tendom. The  next  subject,  which  was  on 
several  sheets  of  paper,  contained  a  list 
and  description  of  jewels  bought  for  Queen 
Elizabeth.  He  also  heard  of  another 
paper,  which  he  did  not  see,  which  was 
an  account  of  the  expenses  of  Charles  the 
First  during  his  imprisonment.*  He 
thought  that  such  documents  were  valu- 
able materials  for  history,  and  he  was  of 
opinion  that  they  ought  not  to  be  sold  or 
destroyed." 

We  shall  here  append  a  notice  of  seve- 
ral documents  which  have  come,  through 
these  me.ins,  into  the  hands  of  ananti* 
quarian  friend  of  our  own  :  — 

The  Charges  of  Sir  John  Puckeringe, 
Knt.  Serjeant  at  Law,  for  his  journeying 
and  piinstaking  in  the  arraignment,  in- 
dictment, and  execution  of  Mary  Queen 
of  Scots  :  signed  by  Lord  Burghley. 

The  Expenses  of  Sir  Benj.  Gonson,  one 
of  the  Captains  employed  against  the 
Spanish  Armada  in  ITiMH.  (Not  •'  muti- 
lated," but  complete.) 

A  return  of  the  number  of  persons 
touched  for  the  Evil  during  a  certain 
period  by  Charles  the  First ;  attested  by 
the  Bishops  of  London  and  Oxford. — This 
is  evidently  a  portion  of  the  series  of 
the  documents  stated  by  Mr.  Bulley  to 
have  been  carefully  reserved. 

The  Household  Expenses  (defrayed  by 
the  Treasury)  of  Nell  (iwyn. 


A  Letter  of  Bishop  Juxon  ;  and 
Receipts  signed  by  John  Duke  of  Marl- 
borough, his  Duchess  Sarah,  Sir  Isaac 
Newton,  Sir  Christopher  Wren,  Flam- 
stead,  Dryden,  Bishop  Burnet,  Sir  God- 
frey Kneller,  Grinlin  Gibbons,  Sir 
James  Thornhill,  &c.  &c.  for  money  lent 
to  the  Government  at  8  per  cent. 

We  may  also  mention  that  the  same 
friend  has  some  specimens  of  fines  and 
other  legal  records  which  escaped  a  few 
years  since  in  a  similar  or  still  more  disre- 
putable manner  from  the  public  archives. 
Mr.  W^aller  purchased  a  whole  attic-cham- 
ber full  of  them  from  the  house  of  a  size- 
maker.  Among  them  occurred  an  original 
grant  of  lands  from  Henry  VIII.  to  Win- 
chester College.  Part  of  these  documents 
were  seized  from  Mr.  Waller  (with  some 
apparent  injustice)  by  authority  of  the  late 
Record  Commission.  About  thirty  others 
were  purchased  from  another  dealer  at 
U.  a  piece.  Surely  all  these  matters  call 
aloud  for  due  investigation  ;  and  we  are 
happy  to  find  that  during  a  recent  debate 
in  the  House  of  Commons  (on  the  24th 
March),  both  Sir  Robert  Peel  and  Lord 
John  Russell  concurred  in  this  view  of 
the  matter.  The  former  observed,  *'  that 
with  respect  to  what  had  been  stated  of 
the  destruction  of  the  records,  he  thought 
it  would  be  desirable  that  some  inquiry 
should  be  instituted  on  the  subject.  There 
was  an  impression  abroad  that  a  destruc- 
tion of  valuable  records  had  taken  place, 
and  he  was  of  opinion  that  it  would  be 
advisable  to  refer  the  question  to  a  Select 
Committee,  to  ascertain  under  what  au- 
thority the  destruction  had  taken  place, 
and  what  was  the  nature  of  the  records 
that  had  been  destroyed.  He  thought  it 
ought  to  be  known  why  records  of  value 
should  have  been  destroyed,  and  why  they 
had  not  been  placed  in  the  safe  keeping 
of  the  British  Museum,  or  of  some  other 
public  institution." 

Lord  J.  Russell  said,  "  it  might  be  in- 
ferred, from  what  had  been  stated,  that 
the  Record  Commission,  not  now  in  ex- 
istence, were  answerable  for  the  records 
which  it  was  supposed  had  been  destroyed. 
When  that  Commission  to  which  he  had 
alluded  had  expired ,  at  the  demise  of  the 
Crown,  he  (Lord  J.  Russell)  did  not 
think  necessary  to  re-appoint  the  Commis- 
sion, and  since  that  period  there  had  been 
no  Commission  existing.  The  House  had, 
however,  agreed  that  there  should  be  a 


*  We  are  able  to  describe  this  document  more  exactly.  It  is  an  account  of  the 
expenses  incurred  by  certain  commissioners  of  the  Parliament,  and  includes  those  of 
the  trial  and  execution  of  Charles  the  First,  together  with  the  expenses  of  his  house- 
hold during  the  last  year  of  his  life.  The  bookseller  who  has  possession  of  this  docu- 
ment proposes  to  publish  it ;  let  him  do  so  forthwith. 


416 


Antiquaftah  Researches* 


[Aiim, 


Keeper  and  a  Deputy  Keeper.  The 
present  Keeper  of  the  Records  was  the 
Master  of  the  Rolls,  and  he  had  appointed 
as  Deputy  Keeper,  with  the  consent  of 
the  Secretary  of  State,  Sir  Francis  Pal- 
grave  ;  and  no  one  would  deny  that  those 
persons  were  perfectly  competent  to  the 
performance  of  the  duties  assigned  to 
them.  As  to  what  had  been  said  about 
the  destruction  of  the  records,  he  did  not 
believe  that  those  records  were  in  the 
keeping  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls,  or  of 
Sir  Francis  Palgrave  ;  but  he  agreed  with 
Sir  R.  Peel  that  there  should  be  an  in- 
quiry. It  ought  to  be  ascertained  why 
any  records  had  been  destroyed,  and,  if 


historical  records^  why  tfaer  shoidd  not 
have  been  placed  in  the  Brmsh  Muieiim, 
or  in  some  other  public  establishment, 
where  there  would  have  been  no  risk." 

Knowing  so  much  as  we  do  of  the 
administration  of  former  Record  Comnus- 
sions,  we  can  scarcely  with  a  calm  con- 
science ask  Lord  John  Russell  for  ano- 
ther :  but  this  we  ask,  that  the  anthoritj 
and  the  means  of  the  British  Mnaenm 
should  be  increased,  in  order  that  Ubonr- 
ers  for  the  public  instruction  may  hare 
their  inquiries  facilitated,  who,  as  Lord 
Aberdeen  justly  remarked,  "  sit  down  to 
such  a  task  with  as  much  appetite  and 
delight  as  others  do  to  a  feast.  ' 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY    OF   ANTIQUARIES. 

Feb.  27.  Henry  Hallam,  esq.  Vice-Pre- 
sident in  the  chair.  Theodore  Hook,  esq. 
was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Society. 

Dr.  Mantell,  F.R.S.  exhibited  two  ar- 
millse  of  bronze,  a  small  gold  ring  in  the 
form  of  a  torques,  and  a  flint  celt,  found 
at  HoUington  castle,  near  Brighton  ;  also 
a  very  small  bronze  statue  of  a  Cupid,  with 
a  quiver  slung  behind  him,  but  no  wings, 
two  other  flint  celts,  and  various  other  an- 
tiquities found  at  several  places  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Brighton  and  Licwes. 

J.  O.  Halliwell,  esq.  F.R.S.  and  F.S.A. 
communicated  some  remarks  on  the  his- 
tory of  the  reign  of  King  Edward  the 
Fourth  ;  accompanied  by  several  docu- 
ments hitherto  unpublished  ;  the  flrst  of 
these  is  a  brief  Sermon  on  King  Edward's 
accession  ;  next,  some  prophetical  rhymes 
regarding  the  same  ;  the  remainder  were 
deferred  to  another  meeting. 

The  names  of  Mr.  Barnwell,  Mr.  De- 
cimus  Burton,  Earl  de  Grey,  and  Sir  R. 
Westmacott  were  announced  as  Auditors 
of  the  Society's  accounts  for  the  present 
year. 

March  5.  Hudson  Gurney,  esq.  V.P. 

The  Rev.  W.  II.  Neale,  M.A.  of  Gos- 
port,  author  of  the  Mohammedan  System 
of  Theology,  &c.  was  elected  a  Fellow. 

The  reading  of  the  documents  appended 
to  Mr.  H  alii  well's  communication  was 
concluded.  They  consisted  of  the  follow- 
ing articles :  Two  letters  of  Richard  Duke 
of  York  and  Richard  Earl  of  Warwick  to 
Elizabeth  Wydvile  (aftenfs-ards  Queen) 
recommending  to  her  favour,  as  a  suitor, 
Sir  Hugh  John,  Knight  Marshal  of  Eng- 
land ;  these  remarkable  documents  are  un- 
dated, but  they  were  of  course  written  in 
the  reign  of  Henry  the  Sixth,  before  the 
lady's  flrst  marriage  with  Sir  JoI\n  Grey, 
10 


and  when  she  was,  probablv,  unknown  to 
the  Duke  of  York's  son,  her  future  lord 
and  master.  Mr.  Halliwell  also  added  the 
Proclamation  of  Edward  the  Fourth  to  the 
people  of  Yorkshire  in  1469 :  the  acta  of 
attainder  of  Richard  Welles,  Robert 
Welles,  and  Thomas  de  la  Liaund ;  and  of 
John  Earl  of  Oxford,  George  Vere,  and 
Thomas  Vere;  and  some  contemporary 
historical  notes  from  an  Arundel  MS. 

John  Bruce,  esq.  F.S.A.  communicated 
two  Letters  illustrative  of  the  Gunpowder 
Plot,  from  the  Cottonian  collection,  where 
they  have  hitherto  laid  concealed  between 
some  letters  thirty  years  earlier  in  date. 
They  are  both  addressed  to  the  chief 
conspirator  Catesby,  and  bear  marks  of 
having  been  kept  some  time  in  dirty 
pockets.  The  first  is  from  Thomas  Win- 
ter, and  dated  the  12th  of  October  (no 
doubt  1605).  It  is  written  from  the 
country,  in  a  dark  mysterious  manner,  but 
tells  little  except  the  movements  of  some 
of  the  conspirators.  The  other  letter  is 
more  important:  it  came  from  Lord 
Mounteaglc,  and  adds  very  materiallT  to 
the  presumptive  evidence  before  acqmred 
that  that  personage  possessed  a  guilty 
knowledge  of  the  plot.  It  is  written  from 
Bath,  and  addressed  to  Catesby  in  the  most 
flattering  terms,  inviting  him  to  join  the 
company  then  "  at  the  Bath,''  with  the 
writer,  "  who  accompte  thy  person  the 
only  sone  that  must  ripene  otnre  Aarvett  .-*' 
and  it  is  signed  *'  Fast  tyed  to  yourfrend- 
shipp,  W.  MowNTEAGLB."  It  is  ascer- 
tained that  Catesby  went  to  Bath — in 
consequence  of  this  invitation  —  about 
Michaelmas  1605  ;  and  that  Percy  ifiet 
him  there.  Percy  and  Catesby  were  both 
killed  at  Holbeach  ;  Lord  Mounteagle  was 
thus  saved  from  their  recrimination )  but 
there  remain  in  evidence  against  him  tht 


1840.] 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


417 


cviitent  erasure  and  inppression  of  his 
uame  in  several  records  regarding^  the  con- 
spiracj.  and  also  the  amount  of  the  pen- 
sioDS  (500/.  and  200/.  fee-farm  rent)  for 
the  nominal  service  of  merely  surrender- 
ing the  welUknown  letter  to  which  its  dis- 
covery was  attributed. 

March  12.     H.  Gumey,  esij.  V.P. 
JamcH  Whatman,  jun.  esq.  F.R.S.  of 
Orchard-st.  Portman  square,  and  Richard 
llusscy,   esq.    of  Birmingham,  architect, 
were  elected  Fellows  of  the  Society. 

The  Rev.  Henry  Christmas,  F.S.A.  ex- 
hibited two  miniatures  of  Oliver  Crom- 
well and  Hampden,  which  formerly 
belonged  to  Marmaduke  Trattle,  esq. 

Mr.  Godwin's  remarks  on  the  Ecclesi- 
astical Architecture  of  Normandy  were  con- 
cluded. The  present  ]K)rtion  related  to  the 
churches  at  Caen  and  Haute  Allemagne. 

A  description  by  Mr.  Herbert  Smith  of 
the  paintings  remaining  in  the  Galilee  of 
Durham  Cathedral  was  then  read,  in  illus- 
tration of  some  beautifully  accurate  draw. 
injpi  made  by  him  for  the  Society.  They 
an*  apparently  coeval  with  those  lately 
dis<*overed  at  Barfreston  in  Kent,  and  re- 
cently exhibited  in  the  Society's  room ; 
and  are  supposed  to  be  nearly  coeval  with 
the  architecture  of  the  (talilee.  The  most 
remarkable  portion;*  are  whole-length 
figures  of  a  king  and  a  bishop,  supposed 
t(i  represent  Henry  II.  and  Hugh  Pudsey. 
The  altar?!  at  which  these  paintings  remain 
are  known  to  have  been  dedicated  to  Our 
Lady  of  Pity  and  to  St.  Bede,  and  in  the 
account  which  is  preserved  of  the  state  of 
the  churcli  of  Durham  previous  to  the 
Refonnntion,  particular  mention  is  made 
of  the  painting  over  the  former,  represent- 
ing the  Virgin  in  that  particular  character 
|w«M|iing  over  the  body  of  Christ),  of 
which  some  relics  are  found. 

March  \[K  Hudson  Gumey,  esq.  V.P. 
The  Rt.  Hon.  Lord  Crewe  and  Thomas 
Stephen  Davies,  esq.  Fellow  of  the  Royal 
Societies  of  London  and  Edinburgh,  Pro- 
fe.ior  of  Mathematics  in  the  Royal  Military 
Academy  at  Woolwich,  and  author  of  the 
History  of  Magnetical  Discovery,  were 
elected  Fellows  <jf  the  Swiety. 

W.  H.  Rosser,  eK<|.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a 
rubbing  of  the  sepulchral  stone  (engraved 
in  the  manner  usual  with  brasses)  of  John 
Curwen,  Esq.  (the  name  spelled cbcrotD in) 
Conntablc  of  Porchester  castle,  who  died 
Oct.  U,  Mil.  He  is  in  the  armour  of 
the  time,  within  a  canopy,  which  is  richly 
ornnmrntrd  with  figures  of  saints.  Above 
each  khoulder  is  a  shield  of  his  arms  : 
1  and  4.  Fretty,  and  a  chief ;  2  and  -i. 
Barry,  three  co<*ks.  On  an  inescocheon, 
On  a  fess  three  (martlets.')  The  arms 
j)f  Curwen  of  Workington  are  Argent, 
fretty  gules  and  a  chief  azure.  The  whole 
Gknt.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII. 


stone  is  eight  feet  long,  by  three  tnd  a  hilf 
broad. 

J.  O.  Halliwell,  esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a 
MS.  English  calendar  in  vellum,  in  the 
form  of  a  pocket-book,  containing  a  spe- 
cimen of  the  instrument  called  the  volv^ih, 
formed  of  perforated  pieces,  rerolving  on 
a  thread,  and  showing  the  phases  of  the 
moon,  &c.  It  is  mentioned  by  Chancer 
in  his  treatise  on  the  astrolabe. 

A  dissertation  on  the  provinces  and 
towns  of  Ancient  Normandy,  by  Thomaa 
Stapleton,  esq.  was  then  read ;  being  a 
portion  of  his  Observations  on  the  Rolls 
of  the  Norman  Exchequer  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  II.  which  he  is  now  editing  for  the 
Societv 
March  2G.  H.  Hallam,  esq.  V.P. 
Lea  Wilson,  esq.  and  Lord  Albert 
Conyngham  were  elected  Fellows  of  the 
Society. 

John  Britton,  esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a 
plaster  model  and  various  prints  of  Bar* 
freston  church,  Kent. 

A  mask  was  exhibited,  supposed  to  be 
Eg^tian.  It  is  composed  of  turquoise 
stones  in  mosaic  work,  the  eyes  of  mother- 
of-pearl,  and  the  teeth  of  ivory.  It  la 
probably  from  India,  and  not  ancient. 

Mr.  Halliwell  communicated  a  paper  on 
the  contents  of  the  Speculum  Christiaiii, 
which  he  characterised  as  one  of  the  moit 
sensible  and  least  violent  of  the  Lollard 
writings.  After  briefly  describing  ita 
principal  parts,  he  remarked  that  there 
was  no  sufficient  ground  to  ascribe  ita 
authorship,  as  Tanner  and  Wharton  haTO 
done,  to  John  Whatton  ;  but  that  Casley 
has  with  greater  probability  assigned  It  to 
John  Morys,  a  Welchman.  Mr.  Halli- 
well concluded  with  a  descriptive  enume- 
ration of  the  various  MSS.  of  this  work 
which  he  has  found  in  several  public  U* 
braries. 


rRKN'CH    ANTIQUARIAN    1XTSLUOBNGB. 

Paris. — The  municipal  council  of 
Paris  has  at  length  authorised  M.  Albert 
Lenoir  to  form  a  museum  of  Christlail 
and  MediKval  antiquities  in  the  Palaia 
des  Thermes,  the  only  part  now  standing 
of  what  was  once  the  palace  of  the  Em- 
peror Julian.  This  eminent  architect apd 
antiquary  has  already  procured  several  in- 
teresting remains  for  it :  such  as  the 
series  of  capitals  of  St.  Germain-des-Pr^ 
from  which  the  capitals  now  existing  Im 
that  church  were  copied  as  fac-similei, 
when  it  was  restored  under  Charles  X. ; 
a  similar  series  from  St.  Germatn-PAu- 
errois;  and  a  third  from  the  abbatial 
church  of  St.  G^nevitWe,  destroyed  at  the 
revolution.  Several  precious  fragments 
of  various  ecclesiastical  buildings,  spe- 
cially from  the  abbey  of  St.  Germaia-det- 

3  H 


418 


AHtifuHrUm  Rtsearthes. 


CAprii; 


Pr^,  which  had  long  been  lying    in   a 
garden  attached  to  the  abbey  of  St.  Denis, 
have  also  been  receiyed  here. — It  is  not  yet 
known  at  what  period  of  the  present  year 
M.  Albert  Lenoir  and  M.  Didron,  the  two 
Professors  of  Christian  Archaeology,  will 
resume  their  course  of  lectures ;  but  the 
antiquarian  public  are  anxiously  expect- 
ing them. — ^The  Comity  Historique  des 
Arts  et  Monuments  has  decided  on  pub  • 
lishing  a  monthly  bulletin  of  its  transac- 
tions, with  an  analysis  of  the  principal 
communications  received  by  it :  the  first 
number  appears  this  month.     M.  Bridre, 
a  young  and  zealous  archaeologist,    has 
been  authorized  by  the  Minister  of  Public 
Instruction  to  open  a  third   course    of 
public  and  gratuitous  lectures  upon  the 
Tarious  religions  of  the  ancient   world, 
and  upon  Egyptian  hieroglyphics. — The 
ancient  church  of  St.  Julien-le-pauvre,  of 
the  early  part  of  the  13th  century,  and 
one  of  the  most  interesting  ecclesiastical 
remains  of  Paris,  has  been  ordered  to  be 
demolished  by  the    Council  General  of 
Hospitals,    because  its  place  is  wanted 
in  some  alterations  now  in  progress  at  the 
great  hospital  of  the  Hotel  Dieu,  of  which 
establishment  it  has  long  been  the  chapel. 
This  act  of  Vandalism  is  likely  to  be  frus- 
trated through  the  energetic  interference 
of  the   Comit^  Historique  des  Arts  et 
Monuments,    who  have  applied  to    the 
Ministers  of  Public  Instruction  and  the 
Interior  on  the  subject,  and  have  also 
made  a  strong  remonstrance  to  the  Prefect 
of  the  Seine. 

NisvRB. — ^The  Bishop  of  Nevers  has 
just  formed  a  museum  of  Christian  and 
Mediaeval  antiquities  in  the  ecclesiastical 
seminary  of  that  town,  and  has  founded  a 
Professorship  of  Christian  archaeology,  to 
the  lectures  upon  which  the  public,  as 
well  as  the  students  of  the  seminary,  will 
be  admitted  gratuitously.  Similar  lecture- 
sbipt  have  been  established  at  Troyes  and 
Beauvais  by  the  enlightened  prelates  of 
those  dioceses. 

SiiNE  Inpbribure.— The  Tour  Bigot 
at  Rouen,  one  of  the  most  venerable  re- 
mains of  that  city,  and  in  which,  accord- 
ing to  tradition,  Joan  of  Arc  was  confined, 
ii  in  danger  of  demolition  by  the  cupidity 
of  a  proprietor,  who  wishes  to  apply  the 
•tones  to  building  purposes  !  The  ancient 
church  of  St.  Nicolas-le-peintre  in  the 
lame  city,  which  was  consecrated  in  1533, 
forms  part  of  the  buildings  round  the  yard 
of  the  Poste  auz  chevaux ;  and  is  every 
day  receiving  fresh  damage.  An  offer 
was  made  some  time  since  to  the  owner 
of  the  property  to  buy  the  materials  of 
the  edifice,  in  order  to  transport  them 
•tone  for  stone  and  re-erect  the  church 
eliewhere ;  but  the  man  nAued.    Rouen 


with  so  many  wonderful  momniMBta  of 
the  middle  ages  which  it  containi^— jvst 
like  Toulouse  in  the  south  of  Franoe,--iB 
the  most  Vandalic  city  in  the  coimtrj. 

Moselle.— M.  Beaulieu  has  just  pub- 
lished vol.  I.  of  the  Archaeology  of  Lor*. 
raine :  it  is  well  spoken  of. 

IsERE. — An  interesting  discovery  has 
been  recently  made  in  the  plain  w^uch  lies 
imm^iately  south  of  Yienne,  on  the 
Rhone.  M.Contamin,  the  owner  of  a  small 
property  termed  Les  Gargaltes,  baa  had  a 
vineyard  broken  up,  and  in  so  doing  fomid 
the  traces  of  an  immense  number  <tf  Ro- 
man houses,  at  a  few  feet  bekyw  the 
surface.  It  appears  that  the  Roman  city 
extended  in  this  direction,  as  indeed  may 
be  inferred  from  the  Roman  monuments 
still  standing  by  the  road  to  Avignon.  A 
considerable  quantity  of  artidn  in  pot- 
tery of  all  kinds  has  been  colleoted  by 
this  gentleman.  From  what  haa  been 
observed  on  the  spot  there  ia  every  reason 
to  believe  that  this  quarter  of  the  Roman 
city  was  destroyed  by  fire. 

At  AuTUN  some  extensive  Roman  hatha 
have  been  lately  discovered,  near  the 
Roman  road  that  led  from  Cedelncam  to 
Augustodunum ;  and  a  thermal  sonroev 
used,  as  it  is  supposed,  to  supply  those 
baths,  has  also  been  found  in  thrir  imme- 
diate vicinity.  Large  quantities  of  coine» 
well  preserved,  of  Nero,  Vespasian,  Con- 
stantine,  &c.  have  been  dug  np  on  the 
same  spot. 

IMPERIAL    STATUES    POUND    AT 
CERVBTRI. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Academy  of  Archae- 
ology at  Rome,  held  on  the  30th  Jan.,  the 
Cav.  P.  £.  Visconti,  Perpetual  Sccretauy, 
read  an  account  of  the  discovery  of  se- 
veral statues,  exhumed  in   the  grounds 
of  Sig.  Paolo  Calabresi,  at  Cervetri,  about 
^5   miles  distant  from    Rome,    towards 
Civita  Vecchia.    They  were  found  lying 
at  length,    some    placed   crossways    on 
others,  and  are  altogether  ninein  number. 
The  heads  perfectly  agree  with  the  known 
portraits  of  the  Imperial  family  during  the 
first  century  of  the  Empire.    One  is  ss- 
signed  to  Tiberius;    he  is   seated,    the 
upper   part  of  his  person    naked,    anil 
crowned  with  oak  and  laurel,  in  the  cha- 
racter of  terrestrial  Jupiter :  it  is  said  to  be 
the  first  statue  of  this  emperor  that  has 
been  found  deified ;  it  is  about  ten  feet 
and  a  half  high.    There  is  another  of 
similar  form  and  attributes  of  Claudius. 
The  two  Drusi  are  represented,  the  elder 
in    the    toga,  and  the  younger  in    the 
cuirass.    Among  the  female    statuee    is 
one  of  Agrippina.    The  others   are    as 
vet  headless,   but  it  is  hoped  that  thfi 
beads  may   yet    be  found.    Two   are 


1840.] 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


4l9 


Kuppoied  to  be  Augustus  and  Livia,  and 
they  are  of  the  best  sculpture  in  the  col- 
lection. 8ig.  Visconti  gare  as  his  opinion 
that  these  fine  statues  were  thus  con- 
cealed fluring  some  great  public  calamity, 
to  save  them  from  destruction.  In  carry- 
ing on  the  excavation  to  the  depth  of  60 
palms,  the  sight  appears  to  have  been  that 
of  an  ancient  Etruscan  cemetery,  and 
many  fragments  ol  rases  have  been  found. 


ANCIBNT  imi8R   SEALS. 


ANCICNT  ARTICLES  OF  AMBER. 

In  cutting  a  ditch  across  a  meadow  at 
Laesten,  near  Viborg  in  Jutland,  in  1837, 
a  labourer  fouud  in  a  very  watery  bog  a 
very  large  collection  of  amber  articles, 
which  had  been  inclosed  in  a  wooden 
vessel,  whereof  only  a  few  fragments  re- 
mained. The  collection  consists  of  25  pieces 
not  perforated,  but  having  an  indenture 
round  the  middle,  so  as  that  they  could 
be  bound  fast ;  b(X>  larger  and  smaller 
pieces  without  any  other  workmanship 
than  simply  their  being  perforated  ;  fur- 
ther, I  liammer-shaped  and  .'>9  prism- 
sha]>rd  pieces,  4()0  cylindrical -shaped 
beads,  and  2^00  small  round  beads;  abo 
5()  oblong  pieces  perforated  with  4  or  5 
holes,  which  have  served  sh  middle  pieces 
in  a  necklace  of  :«everal  rows  of  beads,  and 
5  end  pieces  to  the  same.  The  whole 
quantity,  therefore,  consists  of  3,900 
piti'i'ii,  weighing  l.Olb.,  and  is  the 
largest  discovery  of  amber  articles  known 
to  have  been  made.  Tliey  were  deposited 
iu  the  Museum  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
Northern  Antiquaries  at  Copenhagen ; 
and  about  the  vame  time  there  was  re- 
rfi\ed  from  the  Island  of  MtTcn  several 
ninlKT  articlcH  of  precisely  the  same  sort, 
which  were  found  in  a  subterraneous 
chamber,  constructed  of  large  granite 
stones  in  the  lower  pirt  of  a  barrow, 
where  were  also  deposited  articles  of  flint 
and  bone,  and  several  unburned  bodies, 
but  nothins;  whatever  of  niet.il.  In  the 
liitchest  part  of  the  same  barrow,  quite 
vp  irated  from  the  lower  chamber,  was  a 
small  htone  coffin,  wherein  was  found  an 
urn  full  <)f  burned  bones,  above  which  lay 
several  cutting  instruments  of  bronze,  such 
as  knives,  pincers,  ^c.  This  upper  cham- 
ber, accordingly,  belonged  to  the  bronxe 
|ieriod,  but  the  lower  one,  in  which  the 
amber  articles  lay,  belongs  to  the  most 
remote  periotl,  or  the  stone  age  as  it  is 
called  by  the  antiquaries  of  Denmark,  who 
came  to  the  c*onclusion  that  the  former 
larife  discovery  of  amber  articles  l>elonged 
to  the  lame  period,  an  inference  which  is 
eorroboraled  by  the  rough  workmanship 
of  the  artielen,  executed  without  the  help 
of  turner's  lathe  or  borer. 


Mr.  Petrie  has  read  before  the  Rojal 
Irish  Academy  a  paper  **  On  Ancieat 
Seals  of  Irisli  Chiefs,  and  pertona  of 
inferior  rank,"  preserved  in  the  collac- 
tions  of  Irish  antiquities  formed  by  ibm 
Dean  of  St.  Patrick*s,  and  by  himadf. 
He  observed  that  this  dass  of  antiquiti«t 
had  been  but  little  attended  to  by  Iriak 
antiouaries, — a  circumstance  wluch  1m 
attributed  to  the  want  of  general  ooUee« 
tions  of  our  national  antiquities  till  a  re- 
cent period ;  and  hence,  if  the  question 
had  been  asked  a  short  time  since,  whe« 
the  Irish  had  the  use  of  signets  generally 
amongst  them  or  not,  it  would  have  been 
impossible  to  give  a  decisive  answer.  Tliit 
question^  however,  can  now  be  answered 
in  the  affirmative ;  but  the  period  at 
which  the  use  of  seals  commenced  in 
Ireland  is  still  uncertain,  as  no  Irish  seals 
anterior  to  the  Anglo-Norman  invaaion 
have  been  found ;  or,  if  found,  their 
discovery  has  not  been  recorded.  Aa^ 
however,  it  is  now  certain  that  seals  were 
used  by  the  Anglo-Saxons,  it  is  not  im« 
probable  that  their  use  may  have  been 
introduced  into  Ireland  also— more  es- 
pecially as  a  remarkable  similarity  pre* 
vailed  between  the  two  countries  in 
customs  and  in  knowledge  of  the  arti. 
The  Irish  seals  hitherto  discovered  art 
similar  in  style  and  device  to  the  contem- 
porary seals  of  the  Anglo-Normans  of 
similar  ranks  ;  and,  like  the  secular  seals 
of  the  latter,  are  usually  of  a  circnlar 
form,  whilst  the  ecclesiastical  seals 
usually  oval. 


MOrXT    ATHOS. 

Messrs.  Didron  and  Durand  daring  their 
recent  journey  in  the  East  passed  a  nKNidl 
at  Mount  Athos,  visiting  that  holy  land,  ii 
it  is  called  by  the  Greeks.  At  the  footi 
upon  the  sides,  and  on  the  heights  of  thil 
mountain  are  twenty  large  monasteries^ 
surrounded  by  crenellated  walla,  defended 
by  donjons,  which  are  there  called  arsenals| 
besides  these  there  are  ten  villages  called 
skites ;  240  cells  or  farms  rand  160  liermi* 
tages  :  the  whole  inhabited  exclusively  bf 
COOO  monks,  no  female  being  allowed  to  e»* 
ter  the  peninsula,  llie  chief  of  all  Uiese  es- 
tabliihments  is  the  town  of  Korea,  whioli 
is  also  peopled  by  monks,  and  is  the  sett 
of  the  monachal  government,  and  the 
ecclesiastical  court  to  which  all  differenoet 
are  subjected.  Mount  Athos  posscMes 
860  churches  or  chapels,  vis.  200  in  tiM 
monasteries,  300  in  the  skites,  200  in  Che 
cells,  and  about  ItvO  in  the  hermitages. 
The  monks  gave  the  kindest  reception  to 
the  French  Antiquaries,  to  whoa  they  isi* 


420 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


{April, 


parted  all  the  information  possible,  and 
from  whom  they  kept  concealed  none  of 
their   archaeological  treasures — the  trea- 
taries   of  the  churches,   the   sanctuaries 
into  which  in  general  none  but  priests  are 
allowed  to  enter,  the  libraries  contain- 
ing many  precious  MSS. — were  opened  to 
these  gentlemen  with  great  readiness,  and 
they  were   enabled    to  make    numerous 
drawings  of  all  the  monuments,  and  to 
take  valuable  notes  of  the  contents  of  the 
libraries,  as  well  as  of  the  domestic  and 
political  regime  of  this  singular  ecclesi- 
astical republic. 

SALONICA. 

The  town  of  Salonica,  sacked  as  it  has 
been  at  different  periods,  and  ravaged  by 
sieges  and  conflagrations,  is  one  of  high 
interest    to    the    student  of   Byzantine 
Greek  antiquities.     Its  streets  are  paved 
with  antique  marbles — its  numerous  foun- 
tains pour  their  waters  into  antique  sar- 
cophagi of  white  marble — Greek  inscrip- 
tions are  worked  into  the  walls — statues 
are  every  where  discovered  when  the  soil 
is  dug  for  foundations.     Little  visited  by 
antiquaries,  and  held  by  the  Turks,  who, 
whilst  they  make  no  new  buildings,  destroy 
no  old  ones,  this  city  possesses  many  im- 
posing   monuments ;     triumphal    arches 
and  porticoes  are  still  standing  in  it,  and 
the  fragments  of   other  monuments  are 
very  numerous.     Christian    antiquity  is 
represented  at  Salonica  by  three  fine  edi- 
fices, now  changed  into  mosques,  but  still 
well  preserved ;  these  are  the  Rotunda, 
Sta.  Sophia,  and   St.  Demetrius,   which 
may  be  taken  as  models  of  the  three  prin- 
cipal forms  usually  assumed  by  Christian 
churches.     The  Rotunda,  as  considerable 
a  monument  as  the  Pantheon  at  Rome,  is 
a  large  model  of  all  circular  churches. 
Sta.  Sophia,  built  nearly  upon  the  same 
plan  as  that  of  the  same  name  at  Con- 
stantinople, is  the  model  of  churches  built 
in  the  form  of  the  Greek  cross ;  while  the 
long    church  of   St.  Demetrius  may  be 
compared  to  the  finest  of  the  Latin  ba- 
silicse.     Plates    of    marble  and    mosaic 
work  with  golden  grounds  cover  the  sides 
and  ceilings  of  the  interior  of  these  build- 
ings. M.  Didron,  secretary  to  the  Comite 
Historique  des  Arts  et  Monuments,  has  vi- 
sited   and    studied    in  detail    all    these 
churches ;  and  the  result  of  his  labours 
will  be  published  in  his  general  report. 

ROMAN  SKELETON  FOUND  IN  LONDON. 

Dec,  9,  While  some  workmen  were  ex- 
cavating the  carriage-way  of  Bow-lane, 
Cheapside,  for  a  sewer,  they  discovered, 
at  a  depth  of  about  12  feet  from  the  sur- 
acc,  near  the  comer  of  Little  St.  Thomas 
the  Apostle,  a  human  skfleton,  embedded 


in  a  kind  of  coffin,  formed  of  tUes,  three 
on  each  side.  The  remains  were  re- 
moved with  great  care  to  the  Library  at 
Guildhall.  The  skull  has  a  character 
resembling  those  at  Hythe  church,  sup- 
posed by  Walker  to  be  Roman.  (See 
"  Physiognomy  founded  on  Physiology.*') 
Between  the  teeth,  which  are  of  a  beau- 
tiful white  colour,  was  found  a  coin,  of 
9nd  brass,  but  so  much  corroded  that  the 
Emperor's  head  could  not  be  recognised. 

EGYPTIAN  MUMMT. 

At  the  Islington  Literary  and  Scientific 
Institution  on  the  13th  Jan.  Mr.  Petti- 
grew  unrolled  a  mummy  in  the  presence 
of  a  numerous  audience.  The  inscriptions 
on  the  outer  case,  consisting  of  prayers 
for,  and  the  pedigree  of,  the  departed,  an- 
nounced its  occupant  to  have  been  Oh- 
ranis,  daughter  of  the  priest  of  Mandoo 
Bal  Snauf,  son  of  the  priest  of  Mandoo 
Bakenasht,   son  of  the  priest  of  Amman 
Re,  King  of  the  Gods,  Esintmal,    Ohranis 
was  born  of  the  lady  of  the  House  Nas- 
maut,  daughter  of  the  priest  of  Amman 
Re,  King  of  the  Gods,  Nashtafmauf.  This 
pedigree  is  accordant  with  the  statement 
made  by  Herodotus  that  the  priesthood 
amongst  the  Egyptians  was  hereditary. 
The  only  ornaments  found  on  the  body 
were  a  few  common  beads   and  a  ring. 
That  the  priestess  was  old  before  she  died, 
the  state  of  her  teeth  gave  proof.    The 
mummy  had  been  brought  from  Thebes, 
and  presented  the  characteristics  usually 
observed  in  the  embalming  of  that  locality. 

M.  Honncger,  a  learned  German,  who 
has  been  engaged  for  some  years  in  nu- 
mismatic researches  at  Tunis,  and  among 
the  ruins  of  Carthage,  has  obtained  an 
almost  complete  series  of  coins  from  the 
earliest  period  in  the  history  of  the  Tyrian 
colony  to  the  time  of  Scipio, — from  Csesar 
and  Augustus  to  Genserich,  and  from 
Genserich  to  Nassau,  who,  with  his 
Saracens,  in  696,  completely  destroyed 
what  remained  of  Carthage.  This  va- 
luable collection  is  destined  for  the  cabinet 
of  the  Prince  of  Furstemburg. 

M.  Goulianof,  a  Russian  orientalist, 
who  has  devoted  much  time  to  the  study 
of  Egyptian  archaeology,  has  recently 
given  to  the  public  three  volumes  on  the 
subject,  written  in  French,  and  published 
simultaneously  at  St.  Petersburg  and 
Paris.  M.  Goulianof  is  looked  on  as  in 
some  respects  an  antagonist  of  the  late  M. 
Champollion;  he  attributes  a  Fhoenico- 
Samaritan  origin  to  the  Egyptian  charac- 
ters, which,  though  at  the  beginniiig 
strictly  phonetic^  became  at  last  mixed  up 
with  the  idwographic. 


18400 


421 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


PROCEEDINGS  IN  PARLIAMENT. 


Hoi'SE  OF  Lords,  Feb,  21. 
Viscount  Melbourne  moved  a  vote  of 
Thanks  to  the  Indian  Army  in  the  foK 
lowing  terms : — *•  That  the  thanks  of  this 
House  bo  given  to  Major- Gen.  Sir  W. 
Cotton,  G.C.B. ;  Major-Gen.  Sir  T. 
Willshire,  K.C.B.  ;  Major-Gen.  Sir  J. 
Thackwell,  K.C.B. ;  Major- Gen.  E.  H. 
Simpson;  Major- Gen.  W.  Nott;  and  to 
the  several  officers  of  the  army,  both  Eu- 
ropean and  Native,  for  their  good  con- 
duct  and  gallant  exertions  during  the  late 
operations  to  the  westward  of  the  Indus.** 
'I  he  motion  was  carried  nem,  con.  Thanks 
were  also  voted  in  the  House  of  Commons 
by  a  bimilar  resolution. 

HoL'SE  or  C0M.M0NS,  Feb,  21. 

Mr.  More  O*  Ferrall,  the  new  Secretary 
to  the  Admiralty,  brought  fonvard  the 
Navy  Estimates.  He  announced  aeon - 
tcmulutcd  increase  in  our  naval  force,  the 
total  cost  of  which  was  to  be  5,659,000/. ; 
and  he  intimated  the  intention  of  Govern' 
nient  to  add  to  the  number  of  artifictn  in 
the  dockyards,  and  to  take  measures  for 
building  some  line  of  battle  ships  of  a  large 
claHs.  He  then  moved  that  35,165  men 
vbcing  an  increase  of  1000  men)  be  voted 
tor  the  year  ending;  the  31  bt  of  March, 
IHH,  including  IKXK)  marines  and  2000 
)K)ys.  Agreed  to,  af^cr  a  long  debate, 
without  a  division. 

Feb.  21-.  The  House  went  into  a  com- 
uiittee  on  the  liiisii  Municipal  Corpo- 
ra iionh  Bii.r.  After  several  amend- 
mentH  had  U'cn  rejc<'tcd  on  clause  32, 
which  fixes  the  qualilication  of  municipal 
burgcHSC!!  for  the  larger  towns  at  10/.  and 
for  the  ^n)alIt'r  at  Hi.  with  a  provision  for 
adopting,  after  three  years,  the  English 
riuaiification  —  Mr.  Shaw  moved  an 
amendment  for  making  10/.  the  uniform 
riualitication  in  the  small  as  well  as  in  the 
large  towns,  and  for  omitting  the  prospec- 
tive transition  to  the  English  qualilica- 
tion. — Lord  Morpeth  opposed  the  amend- 
ment, and  said  that  ample  concessions 
had  already  been  made  by  government. 
Mr.  f/Connetl  repeated  that  the  biffhcr 
franchise  ought  not  to  be  required  of  the 
poorer  country.  He  objected  to  any 
amount  of  rating  except  that  of  the  En- 
glish Municipal  Bill ;  and  assured  Mini- 
sters that  any  other  qualification  would  be 
(ar  from  popular  in  Ireland.     The  Houi« 


divided,  rejecting   Mr.   Shaw's    amend- 
ment, bv  130  to  85. 

On  the  28th  Feb,  in  committee  on  the 
same  Bill,  Mr.  Serjeant  Jackson  moved 
an  additionad  clause  for  giving  to  the  free- 
men entitled  to  vote  in  parliamentary 
elections  the  privilege  of  voting  in  muni- 
ci)>al  elections  also.  He  said  that  he  pos- 
sessed returns  of  the  number  of  houses 
occupied  respectively  by  Roman  Catholics 
and  Protestants,  and  he  was  satisfied  from 
those  documents  that  all  the  eleven  large 
towns  in  schedule  A,  except  Belfast, 
would  pass  from  the  hands  of  Protestants 
into  those  of  Roman  Catholics. — Lord 
Morpeth  said  that  this  proposal  was  utterly 
inconsistent  with  the  principle  of  the  pre- 
sent Bill,  and  with  the  whole  frame  of  the 
English  Corporation  Act. — Mr.  0*Qm- 
nell  said  the  very  value  of  the  Bill  con- 
sisted in  its  exclusion  of  these  freemen, 
and  in  the  substitution  of  the  resident 
property  of  the  town. — Mr.  Serjeant 
Jackson  stated  that  the  Koman  Catholics 
who  were  likely  to  get  the  towns  into  their 
hands  were  not  the  owners  of  the  pro- 
perty, but  only  the  occupiers  of  the  small 
houses.  The  House  divided — For  the 
clause,  41;  against  it,  97. 

Feb.  27.  Mr.  Liddetl  brought  forward 
a  motion  respecting  the  i>cnsion  granted 
to  Sir  John  Newport.  The  hon.  gent. 
Kaid  the  office  of  Comnlroller  of  the  Ex- 
chequer  was  one  which  should  be  inde- 

Cendent  of  the  Crown ;  but  where  would 
e  its  independence  if  the  Crown  were 
thus  to  hold  out  pensions  to  its  occupiers? 
11  ih  resolutions  were  mild,  but  they  would 
affirm  two  great  principles — that  of  the 
independence  of  the  Com^itrollcr,  and  that 
of  adherence  to  the  legitwnate  objects  of 
the  pension  list  — L^ord  Morpeth  defended 
the  grant  on  the  ground  of  Sir  J.  New- 
port's public  services  in  Ireland,  and  from 
the  fact  of  his  not  being  in  affluent  cir- 
cumstances at  the  time  of  retiring  from 
office,  and  as  an  amendment  moved  reso- 
lutions to  that  effect.— Sir  ytfWM  (irakam 
thought  the  Ministers  very  culpable. 
Finding  in  May  last  that  Mr.  Kicc  could 
not  succeed  as  S|>eaker,  thcv  kept  thia 
Comptroller»hip  vacant  till  the  I6ch  of 
October,  when  Parliament  had  risen,  and 
then  they  put  in  Mr.  Bice,  having  for  all 
those  intermediate  months  left  u  deputy 
to  fill  ib«  office.     The  House  dividc«l| 


422 


Parliamentary  Proceedings, 


lApril 


and  tbc  numbers  were,  for  the  motion 
240;  against  it  212:  majority  against 
ministers  28. 

March  3.  On  the  motion  of  Lord 
Mahon,  Mr.  Freeman,  the  medical  at- 
tendant of  Mr.  Sheriff  Evans,  was  ex- 
amined at  the  bar,  and  stated  that  the 
SheriiT  was  suffering  severely  from  a  liver 
complaint,  which  further  confinement 
might  render  dangerous.  The  evidence 
was  ordered  to  be  printed. 

Mr.  Baines  moved  the  following  rcso- 
lution  : — **  That  it  is  expedient  to  pro- 
vide for  the  abolition  of  the  First  Fruits 
AND  Tenths  of  the  clergy,  as  at  present 
in  force  in  England  and  Wales,  after  the 
next  avoidance,  and  in  lieu  thereof  that 
one-tenth  be  contributed  by  all  arch- 
bishops, bishops,  and  others  of  the  clergy 
whose  incomes  should  be  al)Ove  500/.  to 
be  applied  to  augment  the  stipends  of  the 
poor  clergy,  the  building  of  churches  and 
other  purposes.**  The  resolution  wns 
carried  by  38  against  17; — majority  21, 
and  leave  given  to  bring  in  a  bill  founded 
upon  it. 

March  4.  Lord  Mahon  resumed  the 
conversation  of  the  preceding  evening  re- 
specting the  alleged  ill  health  of  Mr. 
Sheriff  Evans,  and  moved  that  Dr.  Cham- 
bers  be  called  in  and  examined  on  the 
subject. — Lord  John  Russell  was  opposed 
to  the  motion. — After  some  further  con- 
versation the  Doctor  was  called  in,  but  as 
his  evidence  did  not  go  further  than  to 
prove  that  the  Sheriffs  health  would  be 
much  deteriorated  by  further  confinement, 
the  House  rejected  a  motion  for  his  dis- 
charge by  a  majority  of  125  to  84. 

March  5.  Mr.  Kwart  moved  a  resolu- 
tion for  the  discontinuance  of  the  Pcnish- 
ment  op  Death  in  nil  cases.  The  hon. 
member  argued  that  executions  had  a  de- 
moralising effect,  and  showed  by  statisti- 
cal references,  that  crime  had  dinn'nishcd 
in  proportion  to  the  diminution  of  capital 
punishments. — Lord  John  Russell  opposed 
the  motion,  on  the  ground  that  the  benefit 
which  had  attended  the  abolition  of  capi- 
tal  punishments  for  smaller  crimes  was 
no  eaniest  of  similar  success  with  respect 
to  an  offence  like  murder.  The  motion 
was  rejected  by  a  majority  of  161  to  1)0. 

Lord  John  Russell  moved  for  leave  to 
bring  in  a  Hill  dcriuring  llic  law  on  the 
subject  of  the  Piuviixges  of  the  IIoi'se. 
The  object  of  the  Bill  was  to  provide  that 
in  any  action  for  a  publication  by  order  of 
cither  House,  proceedings  should  be 
stayed  on  production  of  a  certificate  from 
the  Speaker  that  the  publication  had  taken 
place  under  such  order;  and  the  Bill 
would  include  a  proviso,  that  none  of  the 
privileges  of  the  House  of  Conmions 
should  be  thereby  affected.    The  debate 


on  the  question  was  adjourned  till  tbe 
next  daj^,  when  the  House  divided :— For 
the  motion  204 ;  against  it  54. 

Sir  James  Graham  moved  that  Me« 
Sheriff  Evans  be  discharged  upon  bail. 
— Mr.  P.  Howard  secondchd  the  motion, 
and  Lord  Howici  opposed  it. — Lord  /. 
Rnssell  said,  there  was  no  use  in  taking 
bail ;  it  would  be  better  to  let  the  Sheriff 
go  at  large  for  the  present,  requiring  Um 
to  appear  again  in  three  or  four  wcmcb. — 
Sir  Robert  Peel  acquiesced  in  Lorl  /eibiV 
proposal. — Mr.  Hawet  and  Lord  Hanriek 
were  both  exceedingly  displeaaed. — Sir  /. 
Graham  then  vvitbdrew  his  original  mo- 
tion, and  substituting  Lord  John  Ruttell'k 
proposal  for  his  own,   moved   that  tbe 
Sheriff  should  be  dischaived  on  hit  under-. 
Uking  to  appear,  if  required,  on  the  6di 
of  April.     The  House  divided;  for  tbe 
motion  129;  against  it  47 ;  majority  8S. — 
Mr.  T.  Buncombe  then  moved  an  amend- 
ment, that  the  words  directing  tbe  attend- 
ance of  the  Sheriff  on  the  6th  of  April 
next  be  omitted. — After  a  desultory  con. 
versation,   Sir  Robert  Peel  said  he   had 
voted  against  the  absolute  discbarge  of  the 
Sheriff,  and  he  was  prepared  to  repeat 
that  course.      The  House  divided;  for 
the  motion   (previously  agreed  to)  118; 
against  it,  and  in  favour  of  Mr.  Oun. 
combe'samendment,  31;  majority  87.  Mr. 
Evans  was  immediately  discharged. 

March  9.  Lord  Morpeth  moved  tbe 
third  reading  of  the  Irish  Municval 
Corporations  Bill.  Sir  Geo,  SimeMr 
moved  as  an  amendment  that  it  be  read 
a  third  time  that  day  six  months.  Tbc 
House  divided  :  for  the  third  reading  180 ; 
against  it  31 :  majority  148. 

The  House  went  into  Committee  of 
Slpfly,  when  Mr.  Maeaulay  mofed  tbat 
the  number  of  93,471  men,  exdusife  of 
men  employed  in  the  East  Indies  and  of 
non-commissioned  officers,  be  maintained 
for  the  service  in  the  United  Kngdom 
and  the  colonies. — Mr.  Hmme  moved  aa 
an  amendment  to  reduce  the  number  of 
men  now  proposed  to  the  number  voted 
for  the  service  of  the  years  1837^  via.  to 
81,319  men.  On  a  division,  there  ap. 
peared  for  the  vote  100,  for  Mr.  Hame"^ 
amendment  8. 

March  10.  The  Chancellor  qftke  Sjt» 
chequer  moved  for  a  Committee  upon  tbe 
effects  produced  on  the  drculation  by  tbe 
^-arious  Banks  Issuing  Not£8  payable 
on  demand.  The  subject,  he  said,  was 
one  of  which  the  consideration  could  not 
have  been  deferred  much  longer ;  for  in 
184i  tbe  charter  of  the  Bank  of  England 
would  expire.  The  general  conduct  of 
that  bank,  as  well  as  of  all  others  issuing 
notes  payable  on  demand,  would  come 
within  tbe  scope  of  bis  proposal,  not  witb 


1840.] 


Foreign  New$* 


423 


a  view  to  vindictive,  but  only  to  remedial 
legislation.  It  would  be  an  important 
question  for  the  Committee,  whetber  the 
present  privileges  of  the  Bank  of  Eng- 
land ought  to  be  sustained,  or  a  system  of 
free  bunking  substituted;  und  whether  its 
present  powers  were  such  as  they  ought 
to  be.  With  respect  to  the  Bank  of  Ire- 
land, he  should  wish  to  render  its  charter 
coterminous  with  that  of  the  Bank  of 
England.     The  motion  was  agreed  to. 

Mr.  Leader  then  submitted  a  motion 
for  an  address  to  her  Majesty,  praying  for 
a  free  pardon  to  the  Convicts  Frost, 
Jones,  and  Williams.  It  waa  seconded 
by  Mr.  Hume,  opposed  by  Mr.  fb*  MauUt 
and  after  a  short  debate  negatived  by  68 
votes  to  5. 

March  17.  Mr.  Wakley  moved  for  the 
appointment  of  a  select  committee  to  in- 
quire into  the  measures  adopted  for  car- 
rying into  effect  in  the  county  of  Middle- 
sex the  provisions  of  the  Act  1  Vic.  c.  C8» 
and  also  into  any  proceedings  of  the  jus- 
ticcs  oi  the  peace  in  relation  to  the  office 
of  CoRONKR. — Colonel  T.  Hoo</ suggest- 
cd  that  the  inquiry  should  be  genend,  and 


not  limited  to  Middlesex.— Mr.  Wakley 
having  consented.  Sir  T.  Premantle  was 
more  strongly  disposed  to  resist  the  mo- 
tion when  extended  to  every  county  in  the 
kingdom.  After  some  discussion  the 
motion  was  carried  by  a  majority  of  31  to 
17. 

March  \9.  The  Chancelior  qf  the Exm 
chequer  nominated  the  Banking  Com- 
mittee, and  proposed  that  it  should  con- 
sist of  the  following  Members: — The 
ChanciMor  of  the  Exchequer,  Sir  Robert 
Peel,  Mr.  Hume,  Mr.  Labouchere,  Mr. 
Goulbum,  Mr.  Mark  Phillips,  Mr. 
O*  Council,  Sir  James  Graham,  Mr, 
Clay,  Mr.  (risbome.  Sir  John  Kae  Reid, 
Mr.  Oswald,  Mr.  Charles  Wood,  Mr. 
Rickford,  Mr.  John  Parker,  Mr.  Patti- 
son,  Mr.  Herries,  Mr.  Ellice,  Mr.  Ser- 
geant Jackson,  Mr.  Hector,  Mr.  Grote, 
Sir  Thomas  Fremantle,  Mr.  John  Abel 
Smith,  Mr.  Strutt,  Mr.  Matthias  Att- 
wood,  Mr.  Morrison;  and  moved  that 
the  committee  be  secret,  which  was  op- 
posed  by  Mr.  Hume  and  other  members, 
but  carried  by  33  to  23. 


FOREIGN   NEWS. 


FRANCE. 

Louis  Philippe,  after  considerable  de- 
lay, has  formed  a  Ministry  in  the  room  of 
that  whifh,  under  Marshal  Soult,  sent  in 
its  resignation  upon  the  rejection  of  the 
Hill  for  the  dotation  of  the  Due  de  Ne- 
mours. M.  Thiers  is  at  the  head  of  this, 
the  eighteenth  Cabinet  that  has  held  office 
bince  the  Revolution  of  July ;  und  the 
uppointments  have  been  received  with 
more  popular  favour  than  usual.  It  was 
toiiiid  iin|>o<)sible  to  bring  about  a  coali- 
tion with  M.  Dupin  or  Count  Mol^,  but 
it  neems  now  by  no  means  improbable 
that  the  latter  mav  find  means  to  supplant 
h\s  rival  as  President  of  the  Council,  and 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs.  With  the 
exception  of  Admiral  Roussin,  the  late 
Ambassador  at  Constantinople,  who  has 
now  become  Minister  of  Marine,  the  sub- 

d  by  men 
I.  M.  dc 
Hat,  Home-office;  M.  Vivien,  Justice; 
M.  Cousin,  Public  Inntruction ;  M.Jau- 
liert,  Minister  of  Public  Works ;  Pelet 
(de  U  l.«oKere,)  Minister  of  Finance; 
General  Cubiercs,  War;  M.  Gouin, 
Commerce. 

CHINA. 

The  last  accounts  from  Canton  are 
dated  Dec.  Bib.     The  Emperor  had  ad- 


ordiiMte  offices  are  filled  by  men  of  no 
great  political  reputation.     M.  dc  Remu* 


dressed  to  Governor  Lin  a  decree  pro- 
hibiting the  importation  of  all  British 
goods,  and  the  trade  with  Chiiui  was  con. 
sequently  at  an  end.  The  Americans 
continued  to  pursue  their  trade  unmo- 
lested, and  their  ships  were  arriving  and 
departing  as  usual.  Intelligence  has  been 
received  that  the  Governor- General  of 
India  has  advertised  for  'IO,0(X)  tons  of 
shipping,  for  the  transport  of  troops  to 
China,  14,000  of  which  were  to  be  sup- 
plied by  Calcutta,  and  the  rest  by  Madras 
and  Bombay.  The  expedition  was  to 
rendezvous  at  and  sail  from  Calcutta;  the 
whole  expedition  was  to  consist  of  16^000 
men.  Sir  J.  J.  Bremer  Gordon,  who  by 
the  death  of  A  dm.  Maitland  becune 
senior  naval  officer  of  the  Indian  squad* 
ron,  appeared  on  the  17th  Nov.  off  Ma- 
dras, wbere  he  had  just  arrived  from  New 
South  Wales,  and  took  the  command  oJT 
the  squadron,  which  is  to  consist  of  the 
V'olage,  )^,  the  Hyacinth,  IS,  the  Lame, 
18,  and  the  Algerine,  10.  In  addition  to 
these,  the  following  ships  have  received 
ordera  for  the  same  service ;  the  Blenbeiro, 
1\  guns,  sailed  direct  for  China  from 
Portsmouth,  J 7th  Feb. ;  Melville,  74 
guns,    from    the    Cape;    Welleslev,    74 

funs,  from  the  Indian  station;  Blondet 
6,  from  Plymouth,  2Gth  Feb.;  Druid, 


424 


Domeaiic  Occurreneei. 


48,  from  the  Cape  via  Sydney,  5th  Nor. ; 
Pylades,  18,  from  Plymouth,  on  23rd 
Feb. ;  Nimrod,  20,  from  Plymouth,  on 
24th  Feb.  (with  duplicate  instructions  for 
Adm.  Elliott);  Modeste,  18.  from  the 
Cape,  5th  Nov.  ;  Wanderer,  18,  sailed  for 
the  Cape  12th  Feb.  from  Plymouth,  with 
orders  to  Admiral  Elliott  to  proceed  with 
all  his  corvettes  and  take  the  command  in 
China.  Besides  these  ships  another  74 
has  been  despatched.  Lord  John  Russell 
has  stated  in  the  House  of  Commons  that 
the  object  of  the  preparations  is,  in  the 
first  place,  to  obtain  reparation  for  the  in- 
sults and  injuries  offered  to  her  Majesty's 
Superintendent  and  her  Majesty's  sub- 
jects by  the  Chinese  (xovernment ;  in  the 
second  place,  to  obtain  for  the  merchants 
trading  with  China  an  indemnification  for 
the  loss  of  their  property  incurred  by 
threats  of  violence  olTered  b^  persons 
under  the  direction  of  the  Chinese  Go- 


[April; 

vemment ;  and,  ih  the  last  place,  to  ob- 
tain a  certain  security  that  penona  and 
property,  in  future  trading  with  Cfaina, 
shall  be  protected  from  insult  or  injury, 
and  that  their  trade  and  commerce  be 
maintained  on  a  proper  footing. 

CHIVA. 

On  Jan.  10  there  was  a  third  conflid 
between  the  Russian  and  Chivian  cavalry, 
commanded  b^  the  Khan  in  person.  The 
Cossacks  of  Siberia  and  the  Kjrgbis  fought 
with  a  valour  worthy  of  the  middle  ages. 
The  Khan's  horsemen  were  completely 
routed  and  pursued  to  the  city  of  CbiTa. 
Had  it  been  possible  for  the  Russian  in* 
fan  try  and  artillery  to  keep  up  with  the 
cavalry,  the  town  would  nave  been  in 
possession  of  the  troops.  General  Pe- 
rowski  was  to  sit  down  before  the  capital 
by  Jan.  25  at  latest,  and  it  waa  preramed 
it  would  surrender  at  diacretion. 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


Feb.  18.  The  Independent  Chapel,  in 
Great  George-street,  Liverpool^  where 
Dr.  Raffles  usually  preaches,  and  which 
was  the  largest  and  most  commodious 
building  belonging  to  dissenters  in  the 
town,  was  totally  consumed  in  an  hour. 
There  was  a  large  school-room  under  the 
chapel,  in  which  the  children  had  begun 
to  assemble  for  their  daily  instruction, 
but  they  were  all  got  out  and  sent  home 
in  safety.  The  fire  is  supposed  to.  have 
arisen  from  the  overheating  of  the  flues. 
The  building  was  insured  for  4000/. 

Feb.  29.  A  fire  at  Pewterers'  Hall, 
Lime-street.  Some  time  back  the  Com- 
pany let  the  Hall  to  Messrs.  Townsend's 
and  Co.  wholesale  hat-manufacturers,  who 
converted  it  into  a  warehouse,  with  a 
workshop  at  the  top  of  the  building.  The 
upper  floors  and  the  roof  were  wholly  con- 
sumed. The  offices  attached  to  the 
building  have  not  escaped  injury ;  both 
the  eastern,  north,  and  south  wings  of  the 
establishment  have  sustained  considerable 
damage.  The  east  wing  is  still  in  the 
occupation  of  the  Worshipful  Company 
of  Pewterers ;  their  books,  &c.  are  saved. 
The  Hall  was  built  in  the  year  1678,  and 
was  insured  in  the  Hand-in- Hand  tire- 
office,  to  the  amount  of  1,500/.  and  Messrs. 
Townsend's  property  to  the  extent  of  5,000/. 

At  a   Court  held  before   the  Under- 

Sherifi'of  Warwickshire,  to  assess  damages 

against  the  hundred  of  Hemlingford,  for 

injuries  done  during  during  the  riots  at 

11 


Birminffham,  in  July,  1839,  Messrs. 
Bourne,  grocers,  recovered  8,7261.  Sir. 
5d. ;  Mr.  Belcher,  bookseller,  1,280/.  16«. 
2d. ;  Mr.  Homton,  silversmith,  800/. 
Mr.  Legget,  bed  manufacturer,  Q92l,09.5d. 
Messrs.  Belcher  and  others,  for  damage 
done  to  the  house,  483/.  St.  Id. ;  Messrs. 
Harwood  and  others,  805/.  12«.  5d, ;  Mr. 
Banks,  chemist,  64>2/.  8«.  2d.i  which, 
with  various  other  sums,  make  the  total 
damages  awarded  amount  to  14,640/.  7«.  4<f. 
A  new  and  extensive  Cavern  has 
been  found  in  St.  Vincents  Rocks,  Clff^ 
ton,  as  the  workmen  were  engaged  in  ex- 
cavating the  road-wav  for  the  Suspension 
Bridge.  On  the  8th  Jan.  Dr.  Fairbro- 
ther  descended  into  the  cavern  bv  the 
aid  of  ropes,  for  the  purpose  of  exploring 
it.  From  the  mouth  of  the  cavern  to  the 
bottom  is  neariy  50  feet ;  but,  as  the  road 
is  about  10  feet  from  the  surface  of  the 
down,  the  whole  extent  is  about  60  feet. 
For  about  20  or  30  feet  it  descends  in  a 
zig-zag  direction,  and  for  the  remainder 
of  the  way  it  is  nearlv  perpendicular.  At 
inten'als  there  are  shelves  and  chambers 
varying  in  extent.  The  atmosphere  waa 
found  to  be  very  good,  as  the  candles  burnt 
freely;  but  on  approaching  the  bottom, 
the  heat  was  felt  to  be  very  great.  The 
temperature  was  found  to  be  61  of  Fah« 
renheit,  whilst  above  ground  it  was  at  zero. 
The  cavern  is  quite  airy  throughout,  and 
at  the  bottom  there  are  a  numTOr  of  laige 
stones. 


42r> 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazette  Pao motions. 

Auff.  15,  183M.  Kin;;htHl,  (-'aiit.  JaiiiPfl  Edw. 
▲Irxjuidrr,  Lieut.-Cul.  in  the  Purtu^use  Ser- 
\u'i\  aotl  Kiiiifht  of  the  Lion  anil  Sun. 

Ftb.  IV.  KniirlitetU  the  Hon.  Kdwanl  But- 
ler, Lieut-  of  Ilt*r  Miyeiit\*!i  Hon.  ("orvs  of 
Geiitli'incn  at  ArniH. 

Frb.  22.  Joho  Mitchell  Kemble,  eMj.  to  be 
K\aniin«Y  of  all  l*lays,  Tratfediesp  ComedieH, 
Operas,  KarcM,  Interludes,  or  any  other  Kn- 
tiTtaiiuneiit  of  the  Staj^e,  of  wliat  denomina- 
tion Noever,  in  tke  room  of  (liiif  father)  Charleii 


Kcnililf .  eMjL  rMirned.— Royal  North  Glouces- 
ter .Militia,  T.  H.  Rint;»cute,  ewi.  to  Im*  Colonel 
Commandant.- — Itedfordshire  Militia,  K.  T. 
Oilpin,  eiu|.  to  be  Muor. 

m.  34.  Thomas  Noel  Harris,  esq.  to  be 
one  of  thp  Gn>om!i  of  Her  MaiestyN  l*rivy 
ChamWr  in  Ordinary-,  rice  S.  ll.  I'aiet't,  e8i|. 
Tfrnignvil. 

frb.  ».  His  Royal  Hi^rhiiess  Prince  Albert 
has  lii'fn  iiIeRMed  to  appoint  liord  Kobert  Gros- 
MMiiir  to  lit*  hin  Groom  of  the  Stole  ;  .Mr.  (ieo. 
tl^UAnl  Anson,  Treasurer  ;  Lord  Georare  l^en- 
ii«)\  and  ViM-ount  Uorrinjrdon,  (ientlenien  of 
till*  iieilrhamlNT ;  Lieut. -(ol.  liuiverie.  Royal 
Horse  (tuardi  lllue.  and  Lieut.-Col.  Wylde,  R. 
Art.  ti)  Ih-  Kiiuerries:  and  Gen.  .Sir  Geonrt* 
An*toii.  G.C.Il.  anil  Lieuf.  .'Francis  r^eymour, 
1 9th  R«*^.  to  In>  Ghmihis  of  his  Befichamlier. 

Ffh.  2N.  37th  foot,  .Major  1).  M'Pherson  to 
be  Lieiit.-Col.  —  Cant.  S.  K.  Goodman  to  be 
.Major— 44th  Fita't,  brevet  .Major  J .  Crawfiint, 
from  nth  K«s»t,  to  lie  .Major.— Mnd  KimH,  brevet 
.Majftr  J.  Kitnoii,  from  44th  loot,  to  lie  Major. 

ilttreh  'i.  William  Bewley  Meeke,  of  the 
llrmtniN.  in  .*<tone,  ro.  StaflT.  eHf|.  a  mairiiitrate 
.iiid  depiit\-Iieut.  for  that  roniity,  anil  a  Caii- 
lain  in  the  Rfi>al  Ciinilierland  Militia,  to  take 
the  name  nf  Ta>|i>r  onlx.  in  res|ieft  to  the  me- 
iimry  nf  Kraiirin  Tayhir,  of  Yitrk, jc*""!* 

Marrh  3.  .Matthew  Ayrton.  of  Holdsworth 
hiMiM',  Halifax.  Kent,  to  take  the  name  i>f  Wadi- 
M  filth  iii<iteail  I  if  .\yrton,  in  romplianre  with 
I  he  will  of  Kli£alM'tb  Wailkworth,  spinster. 

Mtink  3.  Her  Majesty  has  l>ei>n  pleasetl  to 
dirlan-  and  <irdain,  that  Field  .Marshal  Hi- 
Kiival  HnchiH'vH  Fraiiri«  All)ert.\U|pustus(1ias. 
Kni'aniiel  Puke  of  :^axon>,  Pnnee  of  Saxe  Co- 
bunf  and  (kit ha,  K.G.  H«r  MajestjN  <'on*iort, 
Jihafl  heiireforth,  upon  all  o«Tasions  and  in  all 
ineetiiiiT'i,  exrept  where  otherwise  provideil  by 
Art  of  |*arliaiiient.  luive,  IkiIiI,  and  enjov  pfau-e, 
pre-emin»'nre,  ami  pretiHlence  next  to  Her  Ma- 
jvMtv  The  Hon.  Kdw.  Unyd  Mostrn  sworn 
Uird  Lieutenant  of  the  C<»untv  of  .Merioneth, 
and  Middleton  Hiddulnh,  eHi|.  Lonl  Lieutenant 
of  the  County  df  l>eiiblKh. 

March  G.  '  His  Ri»yal  Hii(hnes«  rrim-e  \\- 
liert  inxiMed  with  tne  ensiifiis  of  a  Kiiig'ht 
Graml  I'riMs  of  the  llath.— Knnrhteil,  1  hoiiiaM 
Marrable,  esij.  Secn-tary  to  the  Hoard  of  (in  en 
Cloth.— Oth  FiNit,  Capt.  J.  Michel.  fn»in  3fl 
FiMil,  to  l>e  M3,)or.-  l'iiattai-he«l.  brevet  Major 
V.  Y.  ItonaldMtn.  from  57th  FimiI,  to  Im>  Major. 
—  Hrf%et,  Caiit.  W.  ftteriie.  37 1  h  Fin  it,  to  lie 
Maior.— .<«tair,  brevet  dd.  H.  (i.  Smith,  to  W 
Ai^iitaiit-(ien.  to  the  (Jiieeir't  lnMi|ei.  MTVinir 
in  the  Ka«t  Indiei^,  rice  Ci»l.  Torrens;  bn'^et 
Lieut.-Cul.  A.  J.  Cloete.  to  lie  l»e)>uly  giiarter- 
maater-i^en.  to  the  trtNiini  ser^iiiK  at  the  CajN> 
of  GoimI  Hope,  rfreC>ol.  Hmith.— Hertfordshire 
.Mihtia.  Major  C.  H.  .MnNle  to  lie  Lieut. -Col. 

Marfk*j.  .\le\aniler  Youmr  Siii-aniiaii.  en<|. 
late  A««i4taiit  Secretary  to  the  Treasury,  en-- 
nte<l  a  Hanmet  of  the  I  iiiteil  KiiiKdom.— Sti- 
Marl  Henr>  l*affel.r<H|.  to  lie  Itiliie  Mairivtrafe 

(■I.M.   M  \(i.   Vf>l..    \III. 


at  Gibraltar.— .\ntliony  Browne  Johnston  Clo^- 
Ntoiin,  e.M].  to  lie  .Marshal  «if  Triniilad. 

Marck  10.  James  Henry  Hollis  ilradford  of 
.\nKerton,  in  Hart  burn,  Northumberland,  esu. 
eldest  son  of  Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Thomas  Ilradford, 
G.C.H.  by  Mar>--.\nn,  dau.  of  James  .\tkiniion. 
of  Newcastle,  est),  in  compliance  with  the  will 
of  Ralph  Atkinson,  esii.  to  take  the  name  of 
Atkinson  in  lim  of  Bradford,  and  bear  tlie 
anna  of  Atkinson. 

March  11.  John  Owen.  e.s<|.  Col.  R.  M.  De- 
puty Adjutant-reii.  of  the  Royal  Marine  Forcea, 
C.  B.  and  K.  H.  to  accept  the  cross,  of  the 
second  clasn,  of  St.  Fenlinand. 

March  13.  Andries  Stockenstrom,  of  Sfaas 
Stnmi,  Cape  of  Gooti  Ho|ie,  es<|.  Captain  iu  the 
army,  created  a  Baronet  of  the  United  Kiiif  • 
dom.— Her  .Majesty  lias  been  in'acioasly  pleMM 
to  direi't,  that  the  1 1th  Re^.  of  Light  Drairoons 
shall  be  armed,  clothed,  and  equipped  as  Htu- 
sars.  and  be  styled  the  Uth  (or  Pnnce  Albert's 
Own)  Hussars.— 18th  Foot,  Ma).  H.  W.  Adams, 
to  lie  Lieut.^^ol. ;  Capt.  N.  K.  Tomlinson  to 
be  Major. 

March  17.  Tlie  Hon.  Ralph  Abercromby 
(now  Minister  Plenipoteutiarx-  to  the  Germanic 
Confederation)  to  be  Knvoy  kxtraordinary  and 
Minister  I*l«.>ni}iotentiar>-  to  the  King  of  Str- 
dinia:  thcHon.Wm.Thoa.  Homer  Fox  Strmnf- 
ways  to  be  Her  Ma)esty*s  Knvoy  Extraordinary 
and  Minister  I1eni|iotentiar>-  to  the  Germanic 
Confeileration. 

March  18.  Jaiiies-Henry -Robert  Dnke  of 
Roxburghe  and  Arrliil»ald-John  Earl  of  Rose- 
lierry  invested  with  the  (»rder  of  the  Thistle. 
— Knigrlited,  Major  Richard  Henry  Bonnyctstle, 
of  the  Royal  Engineers. 

March  ao.  Knighted  by  patent,  Robert  Bou- 
fiier  Clarke,  esti.  .*^)licitor-gen.  in  Barbadoes. 
-7th  F<Mit,  .Major  Sir  W.  P.  Gallwey,  Bart,  to 
Ih>  Major,  rice  Major  John  Stuart,  who  ex- 
f-hange:*  to  the  Mth  Foot.— Brevet,  Major  T.  L. 
Goldie,  ecth  Foot,  to  lie  Lieutenant -Coloael. 

March  21.  Lieut.  John  Thompson,  R.  N.  to 
lie  Lieutenant  of  the  Port  of  Gibraltar. 

March 33.  Lieut.  James  Lynn,  R.  Kng.  to  ar- 
cept  therroMofa  su|MTnumerary  Knt.  of  Chas. 
III.  the  crosN  of  a  first  cUlms  of  San  Feraandii, 
and  tliat  of  a  Commander  of  thi-  order  of  Isa- 
liella  the  C«tholic.  conferred  by  the  Queen 
Regent  of  .*<pain,  for  his  senrices  as  British 
(>>mmiasioner  at  the  head  t|UArters  vi  the 
S|»anish  Army. 

Naval  Phomotions. 

Hon.  G.  Elliot, C.B.  to  l>eComnMnder-in-chief 
in  tlie  EaMt  Indies.— Lieut.  Young  Afipleby. 
to  be  a  retirefl  Ciunmaixler. 

slwtoimtmrittM.^CAiit.  M.  F.  F.  Berkeley,  to  the 
Thunderer ;  Ca|it.  W.  Runiet,  to  the  Magi- 
rienne  ;  Commander  W.  11.  (inin,  to  Persian ; 
Commander  l*arkin,  to  Cambndge;  Com- 
mander W.  Dawson,  to  the  Victor. 


yfembert  retnmfd  to  tit  in  PaHiamtnt, 

//Wj/0m.— John  Ba-Hset,  esq. 

ImrrrHCMg  hiirghM.  -Jamei  Morrison,  esf|. 

l^vrts.—UirJi  ViHcimnt  Cantilupe. 

J/i»r/ie/A.  —  l^rd  Leveson. 

/Vr/A«Af re— Henry  Home  Dnunmoml,  esq. 

II  ««rfWtfr/t.— Fre<leru-  Thesigcr,  m\. 

Eiri.CSIARTKAl.  PRFI'ERMKNT*. 

Rer.  K.  Halbiinl.  to  le   I*n'lieniUr>  nf  KilU- 
nnllv. 

*  I 


426 


Preferments,  Births,  and  Marriages, 


[April, 


Rev.  C.  M.  Arnold,  Lower  Darwen  P.  C.  Lane. 

Rev.  R.  Biron,  Lymuue  V.  Kent. 

Rev.  F.  B.  Brifj^ifs,  St.  StepheuVs  by  Saltash  V. 

Cornwall. 
Rev.  H.  Cooper,  Willersey  R.  Glouc. 
Rev.  J.  Cottle,  St.  Mary  Maf^dalen  V.  Taunton, 

Somerset. 
Rev.  H.  Dickenson,  Blyrabill  R.  Staff. 
Rev.  H.  S.  Dickinson,  Chattisham  V.  SuflTolk. 
Rev.  H.  Freeland,  Ovlng^ton  and  Silbury  RR. 

Rssex. 
Rev.  J.  Gibson,  South  Weston  R.  Oxon. 
Rev.  J.  G.  Girdlestone,  Kelling^  cum  Salthouse 

R.  Norfblkv 
Rev.  J.  R.  Hamilton,  Tara  and  Dunsany  V. 

CO.  Meath. 
Rev.  H.  Headly,  Brinsop  V.  Heref. 
Rev.  W.  L.  Jarrett,  Camerton  R.  Som. 
Rev.  J.C.  Jenkins,  Ashby  St.  Le«er»8  V.  N'pton. 
Rev.  R.  G.  Jeston,  Avon  Dassett  R.  Wans*. 
Rev.  G.  Martin,  St.  Pancras  R.  Exeter. 
Rev.  J.  A.  Partridgfe,  Baconsthorpe  R.  Norf. 
Rev.  Sir  G.  S.  Robmson,  Bart.  Cranford  St. 

John  R.  Northamptonshire. 
Rev.  R.  Scott,  Duloe  V.  Cornwall. 
Rev.  G.  S.  Simpson,  Bobbins  V.  Kent 
Rev.  H.  W.  Simpson,  Bexhiu  V.  Sussex. 
Rev.  A.  Smith,  Kuckin^e  R.  Kent. 
Rev.  H.  Stevens,  Waterinebury  V.  Kent. 
Rev.  C.  H.  Swann,  Stoke  Dry  R.  Rutland. 
Rev.  T.  Thexton.  Darton  V.  York. 
Rev.  —  Tripp,  Kirkby  Overblow  R.  York. 
Rev.  M.  Tucker,  St.  Martin's  R.  Exeter.  Devon. 
Rev.  W.  G.  L.  Wasey,  Morvill  and  Quatford 

P.  C.  Salop. 
Rev.  J.  Webster,  Hinlip  R.  Wore. 


Chaplains. 
Rev.  C.  M.  Mount,  to  the  Bishop  of  Bath  and 

Wells. 
Rev.  G.  W\T>'rrell,  to  the  Marquess  of  Doneg^al. 
Rev.  T,  Woodward,  to  Lord  Oranmore  and 

Browne. 


Civil  Preferments. 

David  Dundas,  esq.  to  be  Queen's  Counsel. 

Rev.  S.  Reay,  to  be  Laudian  Professor  of  Ara- 
bic, Oxfom. 

E.  W.  Relton,  to  be  Vice-Principal  of  the  Col- 
legiate  School.  Sheffield. 

Rev.  J.  H.  Goocn,  to  be  Head  Master  of  Heath 
School,  Yorksh. 

Rev.  H.  Stoker,  to  be  Second  Master  of  Dur- 
ham Grammar  School. 

G.  Jones,  esq.  R.A.  to  be  Keeper  of  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Arts,  vice  Hilton  dec.— Mr.  W.  L. 
Kennedy,  to  be  Travelling  Student. 

BIRTHS. 

Feb.  5.    At  Naples,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  K.  T. 

Wodehouse,  a  son. 11.  At  Kinjrscote-park, 

Glouc.  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  A.  G.  Cornwall, 

Rector  of  Newington  Bafrpath,  a  son. 12. 

At  Salsber^,  on  the  Lake  of  Constance,  the  wife 

of  Rob.  Studholm  Hodjrson,  esq.  a  dau. In 

King-st.  Soho,  the  wife  of  H.  >V.  Diamond,  esq. 

a  dau. 14.  At  Charlton  Marshall,  the  wife  of 

Geo.  Sloane  Stanley,  esq.  a  son. 16.  At  Flo- 
rence, the  Hon.  Mrs.  B.  N.  Gamier,  a  dau. 

At  Edinburgh,  Lady  H.  B.  Hamilton,  a  dau. 

17.  At  Bath,  the  wife  of  the  late  Charles  Pen- 
ruddocke,  esq.  Barrister-at-law,  a  posthumous 

daughter. 24.  At  Dane-court,  Kent,  the  wife 

of  K.  Rice,  esq.  M.P.  a  son. 29.  At  Titsey- 

place,  the  wife  of  W.  L.  Gower,  esq.  a  dau. 

At  Clopton-house,  Stratford-on-Avon,  the  wife 
of  C.  T.  Wanl,  esq.  a  son  and  heir. 

Lately,  At  Ardbraccan,  Ireland,  the  wife  of 

the  Hon.  Archdeacon  Pakenham,  a  son. In 

Dublin,  Ladv  Grace  Vanddenr,  a  son. At 

Naples,  the  \  iscountess  Duncan,  a  dau. ^At 

Acton,  the  wife  of  Sir  A.  1).  Croft,  Bart,  a  dau. 
— ^At  Adlestrop-house,  Glouc.  LMiy  Eleanor 


Catheart,  a  son. At  Florence,  Lady  Bcndle- 

sham,  a  son  and  heir. At  Wimblnoii,  the 

wife  of  Major  Oliphant,*  son.— At  GleTeriBc- 

hall,  the  Hon.  Mfs.  Vanneck,  aT  dan. The 

wife  of  W.  Levefion  Gower,  esq.  a  dau. At 

Edinburgh,  the  Countess  of  Aiiiie,  a  aoo. 

At  Edinburgh,  the  wife  of  Sir  James  BoiweJI, 
a  dau. 
March  1.    In  Upper  Grosvenor-st.  iMAy  Jd- 

liiTe,  a  dau. 2.  At  Preshaw-lM>ase|  the  irife 

of  Walter  Jervis  Long,  esq.  a  son  and  heir. 

The  wife  of  John  Vaughan,  esq.  of  Knowltoii- 

court,  Kent,  a  son. ^3.  In  Eaton-iriace,  T«dy 

Marcus  Hill,  a  son  and  heir.'=— -4.'At  Bath, 
the  wife  of  George  C.  Holford,  esq.  of  New-park, 

Wilts,  a  dau. ^The  wife  of  the  Hon.- and  Rev. 

P.  A.  Irby,  Rector  of  CottesbrodEe.  a  flon. 

6.  At  Over  Ross,  the  wife  of  Sir  E.  Head,  Bart. 

a  son. 7.  In  Grosvenor-sq.  Lady  Louiia 

Fortescue,  a  dau. ^At  Ifanydoini-park, 

Hants,  the  wife  of  Sif  R.  Rycroft,  Bart,  a  sob. 
0.  At  the  Earl  of  Euston's,  in  OroswBor- 

Elace,  Lady  Mary  Fhipps,  a  son. 10.  In  Staii- 
ope-st.  the  Hon.  Mrs.  H.  S.  Law,  a  dau. 

At  the  Rectory,  Maiden,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 

G.  Tre>elyan,  a  son. 11.  At  Bloxworth- 

house,  Dorset,  the  wife  of  Major  W.  Bragge,  a 
son. 


MARRIAGES. 

Dec.  19.  At  Mahaheshwa,  Mi^or-Gen.  Sir 
John  F.  Fitzgerald,  K.C.B.,  Cbmmander  of  the 
Eorces,  Bombay  Presidency,  to  Jean,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  Hon.  D.  Ogilvy,  of  Clove,  brother 
to  the  Earl  of  Airlie. 

Jan.  14.  At  Agra,  Edward  Thornton,  eaq. 
second  son  of  John  Thornton,  esq.  of  Clapbam, 
to  Louisa  Chieheliana,  dau.  of  tne  late  R.  C. 
Plowden,  esq.— 17.  At  Hammersmith,  the  Rev. 
H.  J.  Whitfield,  of  Humbe,  Heref.  aecond  son 
of  the  late  Dr.  Clarke  Whitfield,  to  Sarah,  dan. 
of  W.L.T.  Robins,  esq.— 18.  At  Madras.  M. 
Price,  esq.  S4th  Light  Inf.  eldest  son  of  M.  O. 
Price,  esq.  of  Brighton,  to  Elizabeth  Donald- 
son, eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  C.  Traveller.— 90. 
At  Allhallows,  Lombard-st.  T.  J.  T.  Pare?,  esq. 
of  Harl)orough-liall,  Leic.  to  Harriette,  otaiy 


E.  Ranken,  youngest  dan.  of  the  lateGipt.  S.G. 
Church,  R.N.— 23.  At  Weedon,  the  Rer.  K. 
Horton,  Fellow  of  Wore.  Coll.  Oxford,  and 
Vicar  of  Denchworth,  Berks,  to  Blixabeth, 
second  dau.  of  William  Smith,  esq. 

Feb.  3.  The  Hon.  and  Right  Rev.  Hugh 
Percy,  D.D.  Lord  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  to  the 
Hon.  Miss  Hope  Johnstone,  Maid  of  Honour 
to  the  Queen  Dowager. 

4.  At  Southampton,  John  King,  esq.  of 
Kxton,  to  Caroline-90])hia-Elixabeth,  widow  of 
Henry  Miiicliin  Clay,  esq. At  Cheltenham, 

F.  £.  Curry,  esq.  of  Lismore,  co.  Waterf<n^  to 
Anna-Matilda,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
A.  C.  Hamilton,  of  Movne,  Queen's  co. 

8.  At  Salisbur>-,  Roiiert,  second  son  of  the 
late  Geo.  K>tc,  e.s<i.  of  Warrens,  to  Harriett, 
youngest  dau.  of  tlie  late  Henry  Eyre,  esq.  of 
Botley  Gran/^. 

19.  At  Clifton,  by  his  father  the  Rev.  James 
Vaughan.  Rector  or  Wraxall,  Som.  the  Rev. 
K.  P.  Vaughan,  M.A.  to  Harriet,  dan.  of  the 
Rev.  John    Hensman,    Minister  of  Trinity 

church,  Clifton. At  Preston,  Lsnc.  the  Rev. 

N.  J.  Merriman,  M.A.  to  Julia^  youngest  dau. 

of  the  late  J.  Potter,  esq.  of  Darwen. ^At 

Bromley,  Kent,  Geoige  Holland,  esq.  of  Bock- 
land  Liuc.  to  Cathwine^  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  Henry  Marsh',  of  Blanndena  ffwcj. 

At  Edinburgh,  Joseph  Williams,  esq.  M.D. 

of  Tavistock-sq.  London,  to  Mandcnton,  third 
dau.  of  the  Ute  Archibald  Douglas,  esq.  Ad« 
Tocate. 


IS40.] 


Marriages. 


427 


'Ji).  At  Wjiruiik,  John  Ciil^s  T«>«»!iOi»il,  esi|. 
of  Hriilifi'Water,  t<»  Kli/.al)ftlu  eldest  dan.  c»f 

ThiMiias  llinin,es4|. At  Walcot,  Batli,  Iawj^- 

ton  Itnmcll,  <*n<|.  <»f  Keutisli  Town,  to  .Marv- 
Aiinr,  t'lil^'^t  ilau.  uf  ()apt.  I^'isrli  Lye,  of  liatfi. 

At  StoiiehoiiMf,   Lieut.  Wats(»ii,   R.^L   t«» 

Mary -Jam*,  ilaii.  of  Major  Kinsman,  K.M. 

At  Tinicewi(-k,  Kiicks,  lleury  Suiith,  fsu.  of 
Hiickini^liani,  to  Kli/.a  Lydia,  Uau.  of  the  Kcv. 
John  Itislev,  Kts'tor  of 'I  hurnton. 

22.  At  llarroht,  I<i>Jh.  c:.  (i.  R.<'nllins,  esf|. 
of  Sidniouth,  late  of  I6th  Ura:;.  tu  Annette, 
third  dau.  of  J.  N.  I^thbrid^e,  esq.  and  ^raiid- 
ilau.  of  Sir  T.  H.  J^thhridife,  Hart. At  Clif- 
ton, li.  \V.  UK'ke,  e*»u.  yount^est  mm  of  Feter 
IjOeke,  vni.  tu  Ann-(.ti]itia  Livin^on,  dan.  of 
the  lute  l*airirkM'l)onirAll,e9iI.  lif  M*l>onicall, 
and  relict  of  the  late  IVter  I'aniplH'll,  esi|.  of 
liallenrolan. 

25.  At  r't.  Pancras,  the  Ki'V.  M.  H.  Hale, 
IVriH'tual  Curate  of  Stroud,  Glonr.  to  Sophia, 

xouni^e.stdau.  of  the  late  Geo.  (Mode,  esq. 

At  RamH9:ate,\Viniani  Hurley,  of  York-i>l.  Port- 
nian-Ni|.  to  ranny-liarrison,  ehleat  dan.  of 
Knos  Smith.  late  of  Kiehnionil.  Surrey,  e>M|. 

2t;.  At  Salisbury,  Robert  ThrinfC,  esij.  of 
llonisev,  to  Karhael  Ann,  eldest  dau.  or  the 

latp  John  llattatt,  esij.  of  Nether  Wallop. 

At  LireriHKil,  (.'.  ('ampl»ell,  es«i.  banker, Glas- 
jrow,  to  Airnex,    ilau.    of  J.   Thonisim,    «m|. 

of    Northfield,      DumfrieHshire. At      St. 

Marti u'm  le  (irand,  York,  Roliert  Mowbray 
l>arnell,  esq.  of  Darlimrton,  late  of  llth  l)ra- 
ro<>n^,  to  Kllen-IIoare,  eldest  dau.  of  W.  II. 
KosM-r,  esq.  F.S.A.  of  pi*iiton\ille,  amlGrayS 
Inn. 

27.  At  Marylelxme,  J.  II.  Jairob,  vm\.  of 
.*<altMburv,  to  lleiihetta-.Sophia,  fourth  dau.  of 

th«'  late  jnhn  l)eni!«»n,  ejio.  of  Ossinjrton. 

At  St.CiiMjrjfe'!*,  1 1  an. -m|.  John  Willis  Fleming, 
ev|.  and  eldest  Mm  of  John  Flemiuir,  esii.  uf 
>toni'ham-)>Ark,  ti>  i^ily  Katherine-Klizar>eth 
('(H'hrane,  only  dau.  of  the  tjirl  of  Dunilonahl. 
.  _-.\t  St.  i^anrras,  the  R^v.  Dr.  .Moore,  Vicar 
iif  .'«i.  Paneras,  to  Mis?*  White,  of  C'amden-at. 

Camden-tiivtn. At   Great   Chesterton,  i}\- 

fordsh.  W.  PhilliPM.  e^q.  to  Mary,  flan,  of  J. 

Holland,  esi|.  of  Hruton-M. \t  St.  Geon^'Vs, 

Han.-sq.  Henry  Tayler,  esj^.  of  Kirk  men*  worth, 
tu  Priiwilla,  n-liit  of  R.  NewHam,  itmi.  fourth 
dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  T.  H.  iIodi;M)n,of  Isham. 

At  .S*arli>,  Line.  Samuel  II.  Kiri^inton,  ew]. 

of  North  Ferhbv,  rldent  xon  of  the  late  G.  Kir- 
::mtoii,  e«M|.  of' Hull,  to  ('harlotte,  younevNt 

rlati.  ot   the  late  11.  RiKuIley.  eHi|. At  St. 

Jiihn's.  Wr-tiniUHter,  Dr.  James  L.  Clarke, 
K  N.  Ill  J:ine  Lydia,  Mi-und  «lau.  of  the  late 

Jiilin  Cniirh.  ewj. At  I^'amin^lon,  the  Rev. 

H(i:;li  llithl,  Ris-tor  of  LlanvihantrelTalley  Lyn, 
Hri><'on,  to  ThisMhiMa-FranreN,  seeond  dau.  of 

Lieut. -(ien.  Sir  W.  Hutehinson,  K.C.H. At 

Kl|ihiii.  the  Rev  J  nil.  Panillon,  Rin-tor  of  Know  I- 
t<m  ami  Konnimrtun.  Kent,  to  Franres-.Vnne 
I'niilPiitia  lii'slie.ehlest  tlail.  of  the  liord  llihhop 
oi  KIphiii.  -At  Hisliam,  Iterks,(f.  J.  Harries, 
rsq,  of  PnsKilly,  Pemb.  to  ."iusan-C-andine, 
i'l«|r!«t  dau.  of  Henry  Skriiie,  esq.  of  .'^tubbino'it, 
near  Maidenln'ad- 

W.  Ai  l'l\ mouth.  Henry  ."^abine  Browne, 
esi).  <'apt.  H5th  Li:; lit  Inf.  to  NalM'MIarriet 
Ann, fourth  dau.  of  Capt.  .♦^ir  J.d.  Hremer.C.H. 
•J9.  At  St.  tieortfe's,  Han.-si|.  David  Colviii, 
e^»|.  to  .Mary  .Stewart,  ehlest  dau.  of  W.  B. 
liavlev   e^i. 

LtOU.  The  Rev.  RolMTt  riiichester,  <if  Ki:- 
nioi**,  til  Frames,  ilau.  of  the  lale  <ieii.  Hart, 
of  Kildetr\,  IMnml. At  Dublin,  John  Bar- 
ton, rM|.  siiii  of  the  Arrhdi-a4-oii  of  Ferns,  to 
M.irianiie.  dau.  ot  the  late  M.  Nhholsim,  es4|. 
\I.D.  .  ami  at  the  *anie  lime,  Ruhard  .•<>nins, 
rsq.  nt  Briilcnatrr,  !•»  .M.ir::arrt,  dau.  of  Ihi- 
«ami>  ffenll«-man,  ai  raiiil-ni**t-e  of  the  lale 
V|ie-Adm.  L(»n1  Shui  -am. 
Mnnfi  3.    At  Pnitoiiy  near  Drisrhton,  the 


Rev.  Walter  K»  lly.  Vicar  of  Preston  and  IIovc, 
Sussex,  to  Mary,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.- 

Col.  Buckner,(;.B. At  TrowbridfCf',  the  Rev. 

J.  P.  (.'lark,  ehlest  son  of  J.  Norria  Clark,  tm\. 
to  Kmma,  youiif^est  dau.  of  Geo.  Hannani,e8q. 

of  BnuiiHton  House,  Hant.s. At  Whitchorch, 

hltlward  Kniicht,  esq.  of  Chawton-hoiise, eldest 
son  of  Kdw.  Kniffht,eH4{.of  G«Hlmenihun*-pArk, 
to  .\dela,  ehlest  dau.  of  John  Portal,  esq.  of 

Freefolk  Priors. At  SaliHbnr>-,  the  Rev.  8t- 

iiiuel  Deiidy,  son  of  Arthur  l>endy,  eiHi.  of 
Dtirkiiiir,  to  Anna,  seeoiid  dan.  of  the  late  Rev. 

W.  .S.  Waitshare. At  Rickmansworth,  the 

Rev.  (Jharles  Webb<'r,  Canon  of  Chichester,  to 
Caroline,  iLiu.  of  the  late  RolH*rt  Webber,  esq. 

of  Broi^kley-hill,  Midflli>»ex. At  Tunbrid^ 

Wells,  Francis  Dirk,  est].  R.  .\rt.  iu>cond  son 
of  Rear-Adm.  Dick,  of  Southampton,  to  lAart- 
Chariotte,  sei*ond  dau.  of  the  late  W.  B.  Good- 
rich,  esq.  of  Lenlionmg^h,    Bucks,   and   th* 

R(K)ker>',  Dtslham,  Kasev. At  llampstead, 

J.  r.  Powell,  es4|.  eldt^st  s<m  of  James  Powell, 
esq.  of  Clapton,  to  Louisa.  >ounge8t  dau.  of 
the  late  C.Lloyd,  esii.  of  Olto'n  Green,  Warw. 

5.  At  St.  Alary leiMine,  Adderley  Howwd, 
eso.  of  I/)ni(  .Sutton,  to  Mary- Jane,  eldest  daa. 
of  P.  S.  (Jurtois,  es(|.  of  Witliam  I  louse.  Line. 

At  Stoke,  near  ('oventry,  WMlliani,  eldest 

«>on  of  Charles  Wrisrht,  esti.  of  Wirksworth,  to 
Anne,  only  dau.  of  the  late  L.  Bankes,  esu.^— 
At  Clifton,  Thomas  Newman,  esq.  of  Nelmes, 
Kss<'x,  to  Anna- Maria,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  C. 

H.  Parrv,  Vicar  of  Speen. At  Camberwell, 

J.  B.  ScfiriHler,  esi|.  of  Tavistock-sq.  to  Muia- 
1.1'na,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  Wemtnck. 
D.D. 

7.  At  Xmwj^  Asliton,  Henry  Dayman,  of 
MillbnNik,  Hants,  esq.  to  Elisabetn-Adains- 
Heaven,  ehlest  ilau.  of^J.  W.  CHudwick,  esq. 

10.  At  licyton,  Isaac  Braitliwaitc,  Jun.  esq. 
of  ( )ld  Broad-st.  to  liouisa,  third  dau.  of  John 

.Mastemian,  esi].  of  I^eyton,  Essex. At  Bes- 

ford,T.  B.  IJuyd  Baker,  es4|.  only  son  of  T.  J. 
Lloyd  Baker,  esq.  of  Hanlwicke  Court,  Gkrac. 
to  .Marv,  only  chdd  of  N.  L.  Fcnwick,  esq.  of 

Besfonl  Court,  Wore. Geo.  Kmmett  Greent 

esfi.  eldest  son.  of  (ieorze  Green,  eso.  of  Up- 
INT  Harley-street,  to   Louisa-Mary-Sheridan 

Macphemon. .\t  St.  Martin's,  jersey,  the 

Rev.  \.  J.  Brine,  of  Boldrc  Hill,  Hants,  only 
son  uf  the  late  Rear-Adm.  Brine,  to  Helen, 
eldest  dau.  of  Philip  R.  I^mpriere,  esii. 

n.  At  Krbistock.  Denb.  the  Rev.  Wm.  H. 
Kffertoii,  Fellow  of  Braaenose  Coll.  and  Rector 
of  the  lower  mediety  of  Maliias,  Clieshire,  to 
l^niisa,  eldest  dau.  of  Brooke  CunliiTe,  esii.  of 
Krbistock  Hall. 

I  a.  .\t  .Mar^iebone,  W.  K.  Cochrane.  cs(|. 
.Madras  Civil  Service,  to  Louisa,  second  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  C.  W.  I.e  Bas,  Principal  of  the  East 

liiflia  College. Rev.  Wm.  Atthill,  Jun.  of 

Braiidistoii,  Norfolk,  to  Catharine-Elizabeth, 
only  ilau.  of  the  late,  and  sister  of  the  present, 
Christopher  Toiiham,  es*!.  of  .Middleham  Hall, 

Yorkshire. .Vt   St.  Georre^s,  llloomsbury, 

John  Almon,  ehlest  son  of  J.  E.  Boulcott,  esq. 
of  Stratfonl  House,  Essex,  to  Kmmcline,  se- 
cond  dau.  of  W.  G.  Harrison,  esii.  of  U|iper 
Iks  Ifonl- place. 

II.  At  ("amberwell,  Henry,  second  son  oi 
Riihanl  ll4>vin7ton,  esq.  of  lUwie  Hill,  Worr. 
to  Klizalieth,  widow  of  T.  F.  Robinson,  esq.  of 


eor;re's.  I lan  .•«■!. 
the  Middle  Temple,  to  Ann-Frances,  dau.  of 
the  lale  Col.  John  Siiiith,  of  Ctnnb-hay,  t«oni. 

At  St  real  ham.  W.  B.  .Mtnet,  of  Denmark - 

Hill,  to  F.li/a.ehle'.i  dau.  of  J.  II.  Arnold.  fsf|. 
of  lUlbam  ;  and  Henry  Hanhastle  Border, 
rsfi.  ehb-^l  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Burder,  of 
Hackney,  to  Catliariiic-.Vui;u»ta,  second  dati, 
oii,  11.  Arnold,  cf«i. 


428 


OBITUARY. 


The  Earl  of  Mansfield,  K.T. 

Feb,  18.  At  Leamington,  in  bis  63d 
year,  the  Rigfat  Hon.  William  Murray, 
third  Earl  of  Mansfield,  in  the  county  of 
Middlesex  (1792),  in  the  peerage  of 
England ;  eighth  Viscount  of  Stormont, 
CO.  Perth,  Lord  Scone  (1605  and  1608), 
and  Lord  Balvaird  (1641)  in  the  peerage 
of  Scotland  ;  K.T. ;  Lord  Lieutenant  of 
the  county  of  Clackmannan,  Hereditary 
Keeper  of  the  royal  palace  of  Scone, 
D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,and  F.S.A. 

His  Lordship  was  born  at  Paris,  on 
the  7th  of  March,  1777,  the  eldest  son  of 
David  seventh  Viscount  of  Stormont, 
and,  after  the  death  of  his  distinguished 
brother  the  Lord  Chief  Justice  in  1793, 
the  second  Earl  of  Mansfield,  Lord  Pre- 
sident of  the  Council,  and  K.T.,  by  his 
second  wife,  the  Hon.  Ivouisa  Catharine, 
third  daughter  of  Charles  ninth  Lord 
Cathcart  (who  afterwards  re-married  her 
cousin  the  Hon.  Robert  Fulke  Greville). 
He  was  a  member  of  Christchurch,  Ox- 
ford, where  he  received  the  degree  of 
D.C.L.  July  a  1793.  He  never  sat  in 
the  House  of  Commons,  but  succeeded 
his  father  in  the  peerage  on  the  Ist  of 
Sept.  1796.  Early  in  life,  he  manifested 
his  attachment  to  agricultural  pursuits, 
and  up  to  the  present  time  he  has  culti- 
vated much  of  his  own  land,  particularly 
that  adjacent  to  his  beautiful  residence 
near  the  metropolis,  Cmh  Wood,  between 
Hampstead  and  Highgate. 

At  the  opening  of  the  new  Parliament 
in  1807,  his  Lordship  moved  the  address 
in  the  House  of  Peers.  More  recently 
he  opposed  the  Reform  of  Parliament, 
and  voted  in  the  majority  which  led  to  the 
temporary  resignation  of  Lord  Grey*s  ca- 
binet, on  the  7th  of  May  1832. 

His  Lordship  was  invested  with  the 
most  ancient  order  of  the  Thistle  in  1835. 

The  Earl  of  Mansfield  married,  Sept. 
16,  1797,  Frederica,  daughter  of  the  Most 
Reverend  William  Markham,  D.D.  Lord 
Archbishop  of  York,  and  by  her  ladyship, 
who  survives  him,  he  had  issue  three  sons 
and  six  daughters  :  1.  Lady  Frederica- 
Louisa,  married  in  1823  to  the  late  Lt.- 
Col.  the  Hon.  James  Hamilton  Stanhope, 
brother  to  the  present  Earl  of  Stanhope, 
and  died  in  1823,  leaving  an  only  son ; 
Sand  3.  Lady  Elizabeth- Anne  and  Lady. 
Caroline,  both  unmarried ;  4.  the  Right 
Hon.  William. David  now  Earl  of  Mans- 
field, who,  as  Lord  Stormont,  baa  repre. 
sented  Norwich  in  the  present  Parliament 
until  his  father's  death,  and  was  a  JU>rd  of 


the  Treasury  during  Sir  RoUrt  Piel*« 
administration.  He  was  bom  in  1806, 
and  married  in  1829  Loaiaa,  tluni 
daughter  of  Cothbert  EOiaoiH  esq. ; 
her  ladyship  died  in  1837,  lenviiy  one 
daughter,  and  one  son,  now  Viaeoiint 
Stormont,  bom  in  1835 ;  5.  Ladj  Geor- 
gina- Catharine,  unmarried;  6.  toe  Uoo. 
Charles  John  Murray,  who  BBanied  in 
1835  the  Hon.  Frances  Elisabeth  Anaon, 
second  surviving  daughter  of  Tbomaa  iUtt 
Viscount  Anson,  and  slater  to  tha  Earl 
of  I^lchfield  ;  7.  the  Hon.  David  Henry 
Murray,  Optain  in  the  Scots'  FndHer 
Guards ;  8.  Lady  Cecilia- Sarah,  whodiad 
in  1830,  aged  sixteen ;  and  9.  Lady  Emily, 
married  in  1839  to  Captain  Franeia  Htagk 
Seymour,  Scots'  Fusiner  Guarda,  Groom 
of  the  Robes  to  her  Majesty,  son  of  Capt. 
Sir  George  F.  Sejrmour,  K.C.H.,  nd 
cousin  to  the  Marquess  of  Hertford. 

Right  Hon.  John  Sullivan. 

Nov.  1.  At  his  seat,  Ricbin^  Lodjfe, 
near  Colnbrook,  aged  9U,  the  Ri^C  Hon. 
John  Sullivan,  a  Privy  Councillor  and 
formerly  a  Commistioner  of  the  Board  of 
Control. 

This  gentleman  was  uncle  to  the  pre- 
sent  Sir  Chariea  Sullivan,  Bart  Capt. 
R.  N.  and  was  the  second  son  of  Baa- 
jamin  Sullivan,  of  Cork,  attomey  at  law, 
and  Clerk  of  the  Crown  for  the  counties 
of  ('ork  and  Waterford,  by  Bridget, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Paul  Limrie,  D,D, 
of  Scull,  CO.  Cork.  His  elder  brother. 
Sir  Benjamin  Sullivan,  Knt.  was  one  of 
the  Puisne  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Judicature  at  Madras ;  ana  bis  yonnger 
brother.  Sir  Richard  Joseph  Sullivan , 
was  M.  P.  for  Seaford,  and  created  a  Ba- 
ronet in  1804.  He  was  the  author  of  se- 
veral works  relating  to  the  East,  and  also 
of  some  travels  among  the  Alps,  and  in 
England,  Scotland,  and  Wales. 

The  brothers  were  sent  to  India  under 
the  patronage  of  their  kinsman,  Laurence 
Sullivan,  esq.  Chairman  of  the  Eaat  In. 
dia  Company.  John  was  employed  in 
the  civil  department ;  but  returned  lionie 
before  1789,  when  he  married  Lady  Hen. 
rietta  Anne  Barbara  Hobart,  second 
daughter  of  George  third  Earl  of  Bnckti^. 
hamshire,  sister  to  the  present  Dean  of 
Windsor  and  to  Lady  Albinia  Cunabcr* 
land,  and  to  the  late  Maria  Countess  of 
Guildford.     Her  ladyship  died  in  18S8. 

Mr.  Sullivan  was  returned  to  Parlb. 
roent  for  Oldbam  at  the  general  election 
of  1790.    In  1795  he  pul&^  •<  Tncta 


1840.] 


Obituary.— jS'/r  W.  WiUiavM  Wynn,  Bait. 


429 


upon  India,  written  in  the  year  1770, 1780, 
and  17B8;  \ntb  subsequent  Observa- 
tions, **  8vo.  Wc  believe  be  did  not  sit 
in  the  fmrliament  of  1796-1802,  but  in  the 
latter  jear  he  was  elected  for  Aldborough 
in  Yorkshire,  being  then  Under-Secre- 
tary of  State  for  the  Colonial  Depart- 
ment. On  the  l4th  Jan.  1805  he  H-as 
sworn  a  Privy  Councillor ;  and  in  Feb. 
I  HOG  he  was  appointed  a  Commissioner 
of  the  Board  of  Control  for  the  afiairt  of 
India,  at  which  he  retained  his  seat 
for  thirty  years,  and  retired  with  a  pen- 
sion on  the  formation  of  Lord  Mel- 
bourne's administration. 


Sir  W.  W.  Wynn,  Bart. 

Jan.  5.  At  Wyiinstay,  co.  Denbigh,  in 
his  GHth  year,  Sir  Watkin  Williams  Wynn, 
the  tirst  Baronet  of  that  phice  (1(^), 
Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  counties  of  Den- 
bigh and  Merioneth,  M.F.  for  Denbigh- 
hhirc.  Colonel  of  the  Denbighshire  3li- 
litia,  and  Aid-de-Cump  to  her  Majesty  for 
the  Militia  service ;  President  of  the 
(^mmrodorion,  or  Royal  Cambrian  In- 
stitution, D.C.L.,  AlC.  AEC. 

The  late  Sir  Watkin  W.  Wynn  was 
)K>rn  Oct.  2<>,  177i,  the  vldcst  son  of  Sir 
Watkin,  the  fourth  Baronet,  by  his  second 
wife,  Charlotte,  daughter  of  the  Right 
Hon.  <roorgo  <rrenvilic,  and  sister  to 
(fcorge  first  ManiiicHs  of  Buckingham, 
K.<'.  and  the  late  Lord  Grenville.  He 
succeeded  to  the  title  and  the  large  estates 
of  his  family,  during  his  minority,  by  the 
death  of  his  father  on  the  29tb  of  July, 
17b{».  lie  entered  as  a  commoner  of 
(hristchurrh,  Oxford,  in  the  October  of 
the  Hame  year,  ami  had  the  honorary  de- 
^n-ee  of  D.C.L.  conferred  u|K)n  him  in  the 
'i'h<'atie  at  the  installation  of  the  Duke  of 
Portland,  July  4,  1793.  At  the  general 
flection  of  I7fNi  he  was  returned  to  Par- 
lininent  for  the  county  of  Denbigh,  which 
sent  had  Ik'i  n  kept  for  him  by  his  cousin 
Uolfert  Watkin  Wynn,  esq.  of  Plas- 
newydd,  from  the  time  of  his  father*s 
death.  Sir  Watkin  from  that  period  con- 
tinufHl  to  occupv  it.  we  Mieve  wholly 
undisturlied.  for  hin  inthience  mih  entirely 
predominant  in  hiM  own  county,  and  be 
was  often  j«)cularly  called  the  Prince 
uf  Wales.  His  lank,  as  a  commoner  of 
the  tirht  (*onNideratioii,  he  preferred  to  a 
peerage,  which  wasi  repeatedly  offered  to 
him. 

t^rly  in  life,  Sir  Watkin  accepted  a 
fommiMiion  in  the  lioval  Denbigh  .Militia, 
of  which  he  became  the  Colonel  in  1797. 
Part  of  the  regiment  extended  their  si*r. 
\ices  to  the  Provisional  Battalion  of  Mi- 
litia, and  were  stationed,  under  his  com- 
mand, at  Bourdeaux  in  I8U.  He  also 
raited  th«  Ancicnt-BhtUh  FcnciWe  Ca- 


valry  in  1701,  and  served  with  that  force 
during  the  rebellion  in  Ireland,  where  he 
was  present  at  the  attack  made  upoa 
Arklow  by  the  rebels,  when  they  were  re- 
pulsed with  considerable  loss,  and  at  the 
iMttles  of  Vinegar  Hill  and  the  White 
Heaps.* 

Sir  Watkin  supported  Mr.  Pitt*s  admi- 
lustration  during  the  war  with  republican 
France,  but  appears  not  to  have  approved 
of  the  peace  of  1802  ;  latterly  he  con- 
sistently voted  in  defence  of  the  constitu* 
tion,  in  church  and  state. 

lie  was  on  terms  of  intimacy  with  the 
Prince  of  Wales  (George  the  Fourth), 
and  ill  1803  he  made  a  speech,  in  which 
he  warmly  advocated  the  oecuniary  claims 
of  his  Royal  Highness.  In  Wales  he  was 
distinguished  for  unbounded  hospitality, 
a  princely  munificence,  and  great  public 
spirit. 

He  married,  somewhat  late  in  life,  on 
the  4th  of  Feb.  1817,  Lady  Henrietta 
Antonia  Clive,  eldest  daughter  of  Edward 
late  Earl  of  Powis,  and  sister  to  the  pre- 
sent Earl  and  the  Duchess  of  Northum- 
berhnd.  By  that  lady,  who  died  on  the 
^2d  Dec.  183>i,  he  had  issue  two  sons  and 
one  daughter :  I.  Henrietta- Charlotte, 
bom  in  1818;  2.  Sir  Watkins  Williams 
Wynn,  who  has  succeeded  his  father; 
he  was  bom  in  1820 ;  was  latelv  a  gentle- 
man commoner  of  Christchurch,  Oxford, 
and  now  a  Cornet  in  theiM  Life  Guards; 
3.  Herbert  Watkin,  bom  in  1822. 

Sir  Watkin  had  been  for  some  time 
an  invalid,  and  sunk  under  a  spasmodic 
attack.  1 1  is  funeral  took  place  on  the 
l.ith  of  Jan.,  when  his  body  was  deposited 
in  the  fumilv  mausoleum  at  Ruabon.  The 
park  at  "Wynnstay  was  crowded  by  the 
tenantry  and  inhabitants  of  the  sur- 
rounding villages,  for  many  miles  around, 
and  their  number  was  estimated  at  7,000. 
The  coffin  was  borne  through  the  north 
avenue  by  ten  of  the  family  tenants  to  the 
hearse,  which  then  proceeded  to  the  church 
of  Ruabon  (but  a  short  distance  from  the 
hall  I,  preceded  by  three  mourning  coacbei, 
rontaiiiing  tiie  pall-bearers,  Viscount 
Dungannon,  .M.P.,  Lord  Kenyon,  Hon. 
W.  Bagot.  Sir  R.  Cunliffe,  Bart.,  Sir  R. 
Kynastoii,  S,c,  Immediately  after  the 
hearse  followed  three  niouming  coaches, 
in  which  were  the  sons  of  the  deceased, 
his  three  brothers-in-law,  E^rl  Powi^, 
Lord  Delninvre,  and  the  Hon.  Robert  II. 
Clive,  M.P.  &c.     The  rear  was  brought 

*  An  ornamental  building  in  the  park 
at  Wynnstay,  built  after  the  denign  ut  the 
Capo  di  Bi)ve,  near  Rome,  is  dedieated 
to  the  ineiiiury  of  the  officers  and  soldiers 
of  the  regiment  of  Ancient- Brit iih  Ca- 
valry who  fell  in  Ireland 


430   Obituary,— -Sjr  C.  R,  Blunt,  Bart.'^Rear-Adm.  Hancock.   [April, 

And  at  the  last  election, 
Sir  C.  R.  Blunt  ....  413 
Hon.  H.  Fitzroy      ...  401 

T.  Brand,  esq 39B 

Captain  Lyon  ....  343 
Sir  Charles  inarrried,  March  2(^  1624^ 
Sophia,  daughter  of  Richard  Baricer,  of 
London,  esq.  and  widow  of  RiclMrd 
Achmuty,  esq.  late  of  Bengal,  bf  whom 
be  had  an  only  son.  Sir  Walter,  the  pre- 
sent baronet,  who  is  now  in  his  fourteenth 
year. 

Rear-Aom.  Hancock,  C.B. 

Oct.  12.  At  Dover,  aged  73,  John 
Hancock,  esq.  Rear- Admiral  of  the  Blue, 
and  C.B. 

This  officer  commenced  his  naval  career 
when  twelve  years  of  age  on  board  the 
Vigilant  6-i,  Capt  (afterwards  Sir  Ro- 
bert) Kingsmill,  and  was  engaged  in  a 
series  of  very  active  services,  induding 
the  whole  of  Rodney's  actions,  until  the 
termination  of  hostihties  in  1783.  When 
only  fifteen  years  of  age  he  saved  the  life 
of  a  lad  by  jumping  overboard,  and  keep- 
ing him  above  water.  From  the  Vinlant 
be  removed  with  Capt.  (Sir  INgby)  i>ent 
into  the  Royal  Oak  74s  and  he  afterwards 
served  as  Master's  mate  on  board  the  Eu- 
rope 64,  commanded  by  Capt.  Smith 
Child,  in  the  actions  off  the  Chesapeake, 
March  16  and  Sept.  5,  1781.  On  the 
first  of  these  occasions  his  left  leg  was 
broke  at  the  ancle  joint,  and  his  right  leg 
dreadfully  contused  by  a  splinter. 

Mr.  Hancock  next  joined  the  Goliath 
74,  which  bad  the  honour  of  leading  the 
van  division  of  Lord  Howe's  fleet  at  the 
relief  of  Gibraltar,  and  sustained  a  loss  of 
4  men  killed  aiid  16  wounded  in  the 
skirmish  off  Cape  Spartel,  Oct.  20,  178)?. 
A  fter  the  peace  with  America  be  was  aoain 
received  by  bis  first  Captain  as  a  midship- 
man on  board  the  Llizabeth  74,  from 
which  he  removed  to  the  Phaeton  frigate, 
and  served  on  the  Mediterranean  station, 
until  the  autumn  of  1787.  In  1790  he 
joined  the  Hannibal  74,  but  not  beinf;  in- 
cluded in  the  large  promotion  of  Nov. 
that  year,  he  had  resolved  to  quit  the  ser- 
vice, until,  on  t-eeing  Lord  Howe's  prizes, 
he  was  inspirited  to  make  another  effort* 
and  re-entered  on  board  the  Ro^ 
George,  bcanng  the  flag  of  Lord  Bnd- 
poit,  from  which  he  was  at  length  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant,  Oct.  24, 
1794,  and  was  appointed  to  the  Aquilon 
frigate,  commanded  by  tliat  excellent  offi- 
ccr  Capt.  (Sir  Robert;  Barlow,  in  which 
be  was  present  at  the  capture  of  three 
French  ^hips  by  Lord  oridport's  fleet, 
June  23, 17iKj.  In  the  ensuing  winter  he 
was  applied  for  by  Capt  Barlow  to  be  his 
First  Lieutenant  in  tne  Pbcebe ;  but  tbii 


up  by  more  than  fifty  carriages.  A  strong 
posse  of  police,  in  addition  to  the  staff  of 
the  Royal  Denbighshire  militia,  was  Jn 
attendance  to  preserve  order,  although '  ot 
the  slightest  irregularity  of  conduct  took 
place,  the  congregation  being  too  much 
overcome  with  sorrow  to  act  otherwise 
than  with  decorum  at  the  obsequies  of 
the  good  Sir  Watkin,  whose  death  has  de- 
prived- Cambria  of  one  of  the  most  indul- 
gent and  bountiful  of  her  sons. 

There  is  a  large  portrait  of  Sir  Watkin 
W.  Wynn,  engraved  by  Reynolds,  1802, 
from  a  picture  by  Hoppner. 

SiE  C.  R.  Blunt,  Bart.,  M.P. 

March  1.  In  Eaton  Place,  in  his  65th 
year,  Sir  Charles  Richard  Blunt,  the 
fourth  Baronet  (1720),  M.P.  for  Lewes. 

He  was  born  Dec.  6,  1775,  the  eldest 
son  of  Sir  Charles  AVilliam  Blunt,  the 
third  Baronet,  by  Elizabeth,  only  dau. 
of  Richard  Peers,  esq.  Alderman  of  Lon- 
don, and  sister  and  heir  of  Sir  Richard 
Peers  Simons,  Bart.  He  succeeded  to  the 
title  on  the  death  of  his  father,  at  Cal- 
cutta, on  the  29th  Aug.  1802. 

In  1819,  Sir  Charles,  who  was  senior 
merchant  on  the  Bengal  establishment, 
and  had  been  judge  of  the  Zillah  of  Beer- 
bhoon,  purchased  the  Heathfield  Park 
estate,  in  Sussex,  of  the  Newbery  family, 
who  had  bought  it  of  the  representatives 
of  the  celebrated  hero  of  Gibraltar,  who 
in  reward  for  his  gallantry  in  the  defence 
of  that  important  fortress,  received  from 
his  grateful  sovereign  the  title  of  Lord 
Heathfield.  Mr.  Francis  Newbery,  of 
St.  Paul's  churchyard,  to  commemorate 
the  valour  of  his  predecessor  in  the  estate, 
erected  the  lofty  tower  called  the  Heath- 
field monument,  which  forms  a  prominent 
feature  in  the  scenery  of  the  neighbour- 
hood, and  dedicated  it  by  a  tablet  placed 
over  the  entrance,  •*  Calpis  Defensori," 
to  the  defender  of  Gibraltar.  Sir  Charles 
added  much  to  the  improvements  of  the 
mansion,  ornamenting  it  with  a  collection 
of  pictures  by  the  best  artists,  and,  by  va- 
rious purchases  of  landed  property,  in- 
creased the  estate,  which  now  comprises 
iieariy  3,000  acres. 

In  1831,  Sir  Charles,  having  received 
an  invitation  from  a  portion  of  the  elec- 
tors of  Lewes,  offered  himself  as  a  candi- 
date for  that  borough  on  the  Kefomi 
interest,  and  was  elected  without  opposi- 
tion. He  continued  to  represent  ii  in  all 
the  bubsequeiit  parliaments  up  to  the  time 
of  his  death. 

At  the  election  in  1835  the  numbers 
were, 

Sir  C.  R.  Blunt  ....  512 
T.  R.  Kemp,  esq.  .  •  .  382 
Hon.  Henry  Fitzroy     .    •  358 


1840.] 


Obituary.— C«/)/.  miliam  Hill,  UN. 


431 


being  contrary  to  the  regulations,  he  re- 
mained in  the  Aqiiilon,  under  Capt.  W. 
K.  Caleraft,  until  the  summer  of  1798, 
when  he  exchanged  to  the  Valiant  on  tlie 
Jamaica  station.  Previously  to  the  final 
evacuation  of  the  island  of  St.  Domingo 
by  the  British,  he  greatly  distinguished 
himself  by  his  services  in  attacking  and 
destroyini^  a  post  of  the  black  insurgents 
at  Jean  Habel,  in  command  of  a  division 
of  boats. 

In  Oct.  1798  he  was  removed  to  the 
Hag-ship  the  Queen,  of  which  he  shortly 
after  l)ecamc  first  Lieutenant.  He  after, 
wards  served  on  board  the  Trent,  Royal 
(leorge,  and  London.  He  had  the  com. 
uiand  of  the  boats  at  the  battle  of  Copen. 
hagen,  and  was  the  means  of  saving  the 
Holstcin,  venturing  todisobeyhis  orders  to 
burn  her.  She  was  subsequently  named  the 
Nassau,  and  became  an  efficient  Gi  in  the 
British  navy.  Lieut.  Hancock  was  pro- 
moted  to  the  rank  of  Commander,  April 
'i,  1801,  and  appointed  to  the  Cruiser  18, 
in  which  in  June  1803  he  captured  two 
Freitch  armed  vessels,  each  carrying  four 
guns.  In  the  year  I80l>  he  was  engaged 
with  the  llattlcr  and  Amiable  in  an  action 
with  the  enemy's  flotilla  off  Flushing,  se- 
veral of  which  were  destroyed  or  taken  : 
\'iscount  Melville  addressed  a  letter  to 
(^pt.  Ilancock  and  Capt.  Mason  ac- 
knowledging the  zeul  and  promptitude 
with  which  they  made  the  attack,  and  as- 
suring them  that  their  meritorious  con- 
duct should  not  escape  his  recollection. 

In  Oct.  following  Captain  Hancock 
was  employed  as  senior  officer  off  Ostend, 
and  had  a  general  action  with  a  division 
of  the  French  flotilla;  and  during  that 
year  and  the  following  he  was  no  less  than 
HM  times  in  actions,  either  with  the 
(>nemy's  flotilla  or  land  batteries.  In  Jan. 
18U)  he  made  a  remarkable  seizure  of 
smugglers  coming  from  the  port  of  Flush- 
ing,  comprising  more  than  2G,000  gallons 
of  spirits,  besides  tobacco  and  other  con- 
tralxand  goods  :  the  largest,  it  is  believed, 
ever  made  at  one  time.  On  his  arri\'al 
in  port  with  his  prizes,  he  was  superseded 
in  Iiis  command,  having  been  included  in 
the  general  Trafalgar  promotion. 

In  Aug.  1807  C^pt.  Hancock  embarked 
as  a  volunteer  on  board  the  Agamemnon 
01- ;  and  did  not  discover  until  his  arrival 
off  (  openhagen  that  he  had  no  chance  of 
iM'ing  appointed  to  a  ship  without  express 
directions  from  the  Admiralty.  He  ac- 
repted,  in  conRi*auenc«*,  an  offer  of  Gen. 
John  M'Farlaiia,  and  served  with  that 
officer  on  shore,  during  the  whole  of  the 
siege. 

After  his  return,  be  \nLn  appointed  art- 
ing  Captain  of  the  Lftvinia  frigate,  in 


which  he  continued  for  about  a  year  on 
the  Oporto,  Rochefort,  and  Mediterrm- 
nean  stations.  In  the  spring  of  1809  he 
assumed  the  temporary  command  of  the 
Christian  VII.  and  in  Nov.  1810  was  ap. 
pointed  to  the  Nymphen  of  42  guns,  in 
which  he  served  first  on  the  North  Sea 
station,  and  afterwards  chiefly  in  com. 
mand  of  the  sauadron  watching  the  ports 
of  Kelooes,  Flushing,  and  Ostend.  In 
Feb.  181 1  be  captured  La  Vigilante  pri- 
vateer  of  14  gims;  and  in  May  1813  he 
conveyed  the  Duke  of  Cumberland  from 
Yarmouth  to  Gottenburgb.  He  was  finally 
superseded  in  his  command  of  the  Nym- 
phen in  April  1814 :  and  at  the  latter  end 
of  the  same  month  was  appointed  to  the 
Liffey  of  uO  guns,  in  which  he  escorted  a 
fleet  to  Canada,  and  afterwards  served  on 
the  Channel  station  until  she  was  put  out 
of  commission  in  August  1815.  He  re- 
ceived the  insignm  of  a  C.B.  in  the 
month  of  June  preceding.  He  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Rear-Admind  in 
June  1838.  Rear-Adm.  Hancock  mar- 
ried Nov.  18,  1811,  Elizabeth,  third 
daughter  of  Benjamin  Longuet,  of  Bath, 
esq.  and  coheiress  of  Thomas  Lilley,  esq. 
by  whom  he  bad  issue  three  sons  and 
three  daughters. 

[This  article  is  derived  from  an  ex- 
tended memoir  of  Rear-Adm.  Hancock, 
which  will  be  found  in  Marshall's  Royal 
Naval  Biography,  Supplement,  voL  I.  pp. 
4—31 .] 

Capt.  William  Hill,  R.N. 

Jan,  4.  At  Wood  House,  near  Chud- 
leigh,  aged  o6,  William  Hill,  esq.  Post 
Caotain  R.N. 

lie  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Hill* 
and  born  at  Hcnnock  near  Chudleigb, 
Nov.  23.  1783.  He  entered  the  Navy,  in 
Jan.  1795  :  and  was  a  Midshipman  on 
board  the  Colossus  74,  in  Lord  Bridporf  ■ 
action  off  L*  Orient,  on  which  occasion 
that  ship  had  five  men  killed  and  thirty 
wounded.  He  subsequently  proceeded  to 
the  West  Indies,  with  his  nnt  patron  Sir 
Charles  Morice  Pole,  Bart.,  in  the  Car- 
natic  74.  We  next  find  him  iu  the  Dili- 
gence brig,  Captain  Charles  B.  H.  Rosa, 
which  vessel  was  wrecked  on  the  Honda 
bank,  near  Cuba,  in  Sept.  1800.  His  first 
commission  bore  date  April  11,  1803, 
previous  to  which  he  had  been  wounded 
in  the  right  arm  and  side,  while  acting  aa 
Lieutenant  of  the  Rattler  sloop,  on  the 
Jamaica  station. 

Mr.  Hill  returned  to  England  in  the 
Vanguard  74,  after  an  absence  of  nearly 
nine  years,  during  which  time  he  waa 
very  frequently  employed  in  boat  service. 
He  then  joined  toe  Achille  74>  Capt. 


432        Capt.  W.  H.  B.  Prohy,  R.N^CMpt.  C.  PhilUps,  R.N.       [April, 


Richard  King,  under  whom  he  bore  a 
part  in  the  battle  of  Trafalgar.  His  last 
appointment  as  Lieutenant  was  to  the 
Amethyst  42,  in  which  he  assisted  at  the 
capture  of  la  Thetis  and  le  Niemeii, 
French  frigates  of  the  largest  class,  Nov. 
10,  1606,  and  April  6,  1609.  Being  the 
senior  officer  of  that  rank,  in  the  latter 
action,  he  was  immediately  afterwards 
promoted,  and  his  commission  dated  back 
to  the  day  on  which  it  was  fought.  From 
Sept.  1812  to  March  1819,  he  successively 
commanded  the  Rolla  and  Bacchus  brigs, 
the  Conway  24,  and  Towey  of  similar 
force,  in  the  North  Sea,  Bay  of  Biscay, 
and  South  America,  at  the  Leeward 
Islands,  and  on  the  East  India  station. 
His  advancement  to  post  rank  took  place 
Dec.  12,  1806. 

Captain  Hill  married,  in  1810,  Miss 
Upton,  of  Cheriton-Bisbop,  co.  Devon, 
by  whom  he  had  several  children. 

Capt.  W.  H.  B.  Proby,  R.N. 

Nov.  26.  At  the  Ryalls,  near  Seaton, 
Devonshire,  aged  45,  William  Henry 
Baptist  Proby,  esq.  Commander  R.N. 

Captain  Proby  was  grandson  of  the  late 
Dean  of  Lichfield,  and  great-nephew  to 
the  first  Lord  Carvsfort,  and  to  the  late 
Commissioner  Proby  of  Chatham  Dock- 
yard,  being  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
John  Baptist  Proby,  Rector  of  St.  Mary's, 
Lichfield,  by  Mary- Susannah,  youngest 
daughter  of  Sir  Nigel  Gresley,  Bart.  He 
was  born  at  Lichfield  on  the  15th  Oct. 
1794,  and  entered  the  royal  navy  in  March, 
1807>  as  Midshipman  on  board  the  Centaur 
74,  bearing  the  broad  pendant  of  Vice- 
Adm.  Sir  Samuel  Hood,  K.6.  (who 
married  his  cousin,  the  eldest  daughter  of 
Lord  Seaforth,)  under  whose  auspices 
he  continued  to  serve  until  the  demise  of 
that  highly  distinguished  officer,  in  Dec. 
1814.  He  was  consequently  present  at 
the  bombardment  of  Copenhagen,  and 
surrender  ^of  the  Danish  navy,  in  Aug. 
and  Sept.  1807  ;  the  occupation  of  Ma- 
deira,  Dec.  36th  in  the  same  year ;  and 
the  capture  and  destruction  of  a  Russian 
74,  on  the  Baltic  station,  in  Aug.  1808. 
He  was  also  at  the  reduction  of  Walcheren, 
in  Aug.  1809. 

In  1810,  Mr.  Proby  followed  Sir  S. 
Hood  into  the  Hibernia  120,  on  the  Mc- 
diterranean  station.  He  subsequently 
accompanied  him  to  the  East  Indies ;  and 
on  the  28th  of  June,  181.'^,  then  serving 
us  Midshipman  of  the  Hussar  fripte, 
Capt.  the  Hon.  George  Elliott,  assisted 
in  storming  the  defences  of  Sambas,  a 
piratical  state  on  the  western  coast  of 
Borneo.  For  his  gallant  conduct  on  this 
occasion,  Mr.  Proby  received  the  public 
thanks  of  Col.  Watson,  and  was  ap- 
12 


pointed  by  Sir  S.  Hood  acting  lAfnftMt 
of  his  ^g-ship,  the  Minden  74.  He  «m 
confirmed  into  the  Hesper  sloop,  Oiptain 
Charles  Biddnlph,  Jan.  fi,  1814;  and 
subsequently  served  on  the  Mine  ttetion, 
in  the  Leda  36,  Wellesley  74,  and  Owen 
Glendower  36,  which  latter  abip  wu  p^ 
ofiTMay  23,  1816. 

Lieut.  Proby  spent  part  of  tbe  enauing 
six  vears  in  a  free-trader  to  India,  being 
unable  to  obtain  employment  in  the  navy 
until  Feb.  14,  1822,  when  be  waa  ap- 
pointed to  the  Queen  ChaKotte  1U4,  ling- 
ship  of  Sir  James  H.  Whitdiedy  eon- 
mander-in-Chief  at  Portsmouth.  Hie 
subsequent  appointments  were,  nboat 
June  1823,  to  tbe  Cambridge  83,  Cnt. 
T.  J.  Maling,  destined  to  the  Poafic 
Ocean,  in  which  ship  he  continued  until 
June  21,  1827  ;  and  Dec.  8,  1898,  to  be 
first  of  the  Southampton  &0,  fittlitf  otiC 
for  the  flag  of  Sir  Edw.  W.  C.  R.  OweD, 
as  Commander-in-Chief  on  the  £aat  India 
station.  After  equipping  the  Southunp- 
ton,  he  was  advanced  to  the  nnk  of 
Commander  by  commission  dated  March 
19, 1829. 

Commander  Proby  married,  April  88th 
1831,  Louisa-Mary,  only  daughter  of  the 
late  Rev.  Samuel  How,  of  Stickland,  in 
Dorsetshire,  and  Southleigh,  co.  Defon. 

Capt.  Charles  Piiillipb,  R.N. 

Oct,  21.  At  Dumpledale,  near  Haver- 
fordwest,  Charles  Phillips,  esq.  a  Pott 
Captain  R.N.  and  F.R.S. 

Captain  Phillips  was  a  son  of  the  late 
Dr.  George  Phillips,  of  Haverfordwest. 
He  entered  the  royal  navy  at  an  earivage, 
as  midshipman  on  board  TAigle  fngate, 
Capt.  (now  Adm.  Sir  Cbarlea)  Tyler, 
with  whom  he  suffered  shipwreck,  near 
Tunis,  in  1796.  He  then  joined  the 
Marlborough  74,  Capt.  Thomas  Sothcby, 
employed  in  the  blockade  of  (?adlc ;  and 
subseqnendy  the  Warrior,  of  simifaw  force, 
commanded  by  Capt.  Tyler,  in  which  he 
continued  during  the  remainder  of  the 
\i*ar.  The  Warrior  was  ^ith  Lord  Keith 
when  that  officer  pursued  the  emnbined 
fleets  of  France  and  Spain  from  the  Me- 
diterranean to  Brest,  in  Aug.  1799;  from 
which  period  she  was  stationed  off  Ushant 
until  the  banning  of  18U1,  when  Mre  find 
her  attached  to  (he  expedition  under  8ir 
Hyde  Parker,  destined  to  act  against  the 
Northern  Confederacy.  On  tbe  8d  of 
April,  1801,  Mr.  Phillii>s  was  employed 
in  her  boats,  rendering  assistance  to  the 
Monarch  74,  one  of  Lord  Nelson*B  sop- 
porters  in  his  memorable  attack  upon  tne 
Danish  line  of  defence  before  CopenhMsn. 

On  her  return  home  from  the  &Uic, 
the  Warrior  was  ordered  to  join  Sir  Janes 
Saumarez,  then  commanding  a  squadron 


1840.] 


Obituary.— Cff/)/.  Charles  Phillips,  H.N, 


433 


off  Cadiz  ;  from  wbicfa  station  she  pro. 
reeded  to  the  West  Indies.  She  was  paid 
off  at  Plymouth,  in  the  summer  of  1802. 

During  the  remainder  of  the  peace  of 
y\ miens,  Mr.  Phillips  served  in  the  Spit- 
tire  sloop,  on  the  >liIford  and  Irish  sta- 
tions ;  and  subsequently  in  the  Canopus 
HO,  bearing'  the  dag  of  Rear-Adra.  (after- 
wards Sir  George)  Campbell,  off  Toulon. 
On  his  return  to  England,  he  was  ap- 
pointed sub- Lieutenant  of  the  Wrangler 
>,'un-brig,  in  which  vessel's  six-oared  cut- 
ter he  captured  le  Bien-Aimc,  French 
transport,  lying  under  a  very  formidable 
battery  near  Etapler.  For  this  service 
he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieute- 
nant, in  I' Argus  sloop,  on  the  West  In- 
dia station,  Sept.  7,  1806. 

We  next  tiad  Mr.  Phillips  commanding 
the  Affiance  schooner,  on  the  coast  of 
Demerara,  from  which  vessel  he  was  re- 
moved to  the  Phoebe  36,  Capt.  James 
Oswald.  After  serving  for  some  time  in 
that  frigate,  on  the  IM^mouth  and  Medi- 
terranean stations,  he  joined  the  Barfleur 
<)b,  bearing  the  Hag  of  Rear-Adm.  Tyler, 
and  employed  in  the  blockade  of  Lisbon, 
from  whence  nhe  escorted  home  the  first 
division  of  the  Russian  squadron,  sur- 
rendered bv  V'ice-Adm.  Siniavin,  in  the 
autumn  of  IHOH. 

Mr.  Phillips  next  served  under  Vice- 
Adm.  (Jeorge  Campbell,  in  the  Downs  ; 
and  during  the  Waleheren  expedition,  bjI 
flag- Lieutenant  to  Sir  R.  G.  Keats,  with 
whom  he  afterwards  proceeded  to  the  de- 
f<>Mee  ot  (Uidiz,  in  the  Implacable  74. 
While  employed  in  that  arduous  service, 
he  was  successively  appointed  to  the  com* 
mand  ot  the  Wizard  and  Tuscan,  16-gun 
brigs,  Onyx  10,  and  Hound  bomb;  which 
latter  appointment  appears  to  have  been 
confirmed  by  the  Admiralty,  but  not  until 
nearly  two  years  alter  the  date  of  bis  first 
acting  order.  In  the  course  ot  this  period 
he  was  frequently  engaged  with  the 
enemy's  batteries,  particularly  during  the 
last  heavy  bomlwrdinent  of  C^diz.  and  in 
other  active  services.  His  promotion  to 
the  rank  of  commander  took  place  Oct. 
(ilh.  1HI2. 

In  1S17,  Capt.  Phillips  submitted  to 
the  Admiralty  a  plan  for  pro|>elling  ships 
by  the  capstan  ;  and,  in  1819,  another,  for 
increasing  the  power  of  that  machine  by 
wheelwork,  which  was  the  Imsis  of  the 
im|)roved  capstan  now  bearing  his  name, 
and  for  which  he  had  a  patent.  Captain 
Sjr  W.  Parry,  in  the  narrati%'eof  his  third 
voyage  tor  the  discovery  ol  a  North  West 
pa^Hiige,  says  :  ♦•  Ry  means  of  Phillips's 
inviluable  capstan,  we  often  separated 
tloes  of  such  magnitude  as  must  otherwise 
have  l>affled  every  effort.     1  cannot  omic 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


this  opportunity  of  expressing  my  admi- 
ration  of  this  ingenious  contrivance,  in 
every  trial  to  which  we  put  it  in  the  course 
of  this  voyage.  By  the  perfect  facility 
with  which  the  machinery  is  made  to  act, 
or  the  contrary,  it  is  easily  altered  and 
applied  to  any  purpose  in  ten  or  fifteen 
seconds."  But  the  continuation  of  peace 
since  the  first  introduction  of  the  im- 
proved  capstan,  has  not  permitted  one  of 
its  greatest  benefits  to  be  shewn — that  of 
the  facility  which  it  gives  to  the  sudden 
equipment  of  an  armament  at  the  breaking 
out  of  a  war,  when  but  few  seamen  can 
be  obtained. 

This  most  excellent  invention  led  to 
Capt.  Phillips's  appointment,  Sept.  6th, 
1821,  to  the  Spey  of  20  guns  ;  and  it  has 
since  been  ordered,  that,  for  the  future, 
all  the  power  capstans  used  in  the  royal 
navy  shall  be  constructed  upon  his  plan, 
"and  that  any  ship  upon  being  commis- 
sioned, having  the  plain  capstan,  may  ex- 
change it  for  one  on  the  improved  prin. 
ciple,  with  any  ship  in  ordinary  having 
one  o^  equal  size,  provided  the  public 
service  is  not  interfered  with  by  any  delay 
in  the  exchange." 

The  Spey  proving  defective,  Capt. 
Phillips  was  removed,  on  the  SOth  Oct. 
18'il,  to  the  Bann  sloop,  of  similar  force, 
fitting  out  tor  the  African  station,  where 
he  rescued  HV.i  slaves,  in  a  cruise  of  foar 
months.  During  his  stay  there,  he  bad 
four  severe  attacks  of  fever  ;  and  in  the 
beginning  of  May,  \H'23,  his  ship,  then  at 
Ascension,  where  he  was  obliged  to  in* 
.«*alid,  had  already  lost  her  purser,  gunner, 
and  captain's  clerk,  two  midshipmen, 
twenty  sailors,  five  marines,  and  four  boys, 
all  of  whom  fell  victims  to  the  climate  of 
Africa.  His  post  commission  bears  date 
May  15,  1823. 

In  1825  Capt.  Phillips  inyented  a  me- 
thod of  suspending  ship's  compasses,  so 
as  to  prevent  their  being  affected  by  tbe 
firing  of  guns  in  action,  or  from  any  other 
concussion,  and  to  ensure  their  preserving 
a  horizontal  position  in  all  sorts  of  weather. 
Highly  favourable  reports  were  made  on 
this  instrument  by  Captains  Henry,  £. 
P.  Sturt,  and  Frederick  Marryatt. 

In  1827  he  applied  the  hydrostatic  prin- 
ciple, of  water  rising  to  its  own  level,  to 
the  pumpdales  of  ships,  by  which  they 
may  be  cranked  under  the  lower-deck,  so 
as  to  free  it  from  such  a  serious  incum- 
brance, and  yet  to  allow  the  water  to  de- 
liver itself  from  the  same  height  as  before. 
The  pumpdale  of  the  Asia  84.  intended 
for  the  Hag  of  Sir  Edward  Codrington, 
was  the  first  placed  according  to  this  plan. 
Captain  Phillips  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
the  Royal  Soaetyin  1829;  and  was  soon 

3K 


aft«T  appointed  to  tlio  rnmniaiul  of  the 
Ariudi)(>. 

He  innrricd,  Sept.  'Jo,  lb23,  Elizabotli, 
(laughter  of  William  Nicholson,  esq.  of 
St.  AlarfraretV,  Rochester. 


AM       Capt.  //.  Dirketmn,  C.B.-^Lmt.'Col.  8,  Holmei,  K.H.    [April, 

2Gth  Aug.  1829.  It  terminated  on  the 
17th  Sept.  in  an  honourable  acquittal,  his 
sword  being  returned  to  him  with  a  high 
eulogium  irom  the  president,  Adm.  the 
Hon.  Sir  Robert  Stopford,  and  the 
charges  pronounced  ^'frivolous,  ground- 
less, and  vexatious.*'  But  not  only  did 
his  spirit  never  recover  this  unexpected 
and  unmerited  shock,  but  his  bodily  health 
was  sacrificed ;  as  during  the  progress  of 
that  anidous  inquiry  (of  twenty-three 
days)  he  was  seized  with  an  acute  pain  in 
the  back,  which  never  afterwards  left  him, 
and  constantly  embittered  and  rendered 
his  life  most  painful  and  afflicting,  and 
ultimately  brought  him  to  a  premature 
grave. 

His  last  ship  was  the  Talbot,  28,  on 
the  South  American  station,  from  which 
he  returned  in  1833. 


Capt.  Rich  Alio  DirKKNBON,  C.B. 
Jan.  1.     At  Woodside,  aged  55,   Ri- 
chard Dickenson,  esq.  Captain  R.N.  and 
C.B. 

Captain  Dickenson  was  the  son  of  Mr. 
R.  Dickenson, of  Bamborough,  Northum- 
bcrland,  a  Master  in  the  Royal  Navy, 
who  fell  in  the  service  of  his  countrv. 
He  entered  the  service  in  1798,  at  twelve 
years  of  age  ;  was  with  Admiral  Mitchell, 
at  the  capture  of  the  Dutch  fleet,  result- 
ing from  the  operations  on  the  Helder,  in 
1799,  and  on  board  the  Cerberus,  at  the 
attack  on  Granville,  in  1803.  Having 
been  promoted  to  be  Lieutenant  29th 
August,  1806,  he  was,  in  1808,  appointed 
to  the  Loire  frigate,  which  ship  captured 
L'Hebe,  a  French  ship  of  20  guns  and 
1()0  men,  in  1809 ;  the  Loire  also  assisted 
at  the  reduction  of  Guadaloupe,  in  1810. 
He  remained  in  the  Loire  for  several 
years,  principally  as  first  Lieutenant,  and 
was  very  actively  employed  on  the  North 
American  station  during  the  late  war. 
His  nextappointment  was  to  the  Northum- 
berland, 74,  in  1815;  which  ship  was 
fitted  for  Sir  George  Cockburn's  flag, 
and  conveyed  Napoleon  Buonaparte  to 
St.  Helena.  In  Aug.  1818,  he  became 
first  Lieutenant  of  the  Salisbury,  Rear- 
Adm.  Campbell's  flag-ship,  on  the  Lee- 
ward Islands*  station  ;  and  at  length  ob- 
tained his  promotion  as  ("ommander,  Jan. 
29,  1821,  on  the  first  anniversary  of  the 
accession  of  George  IV.,  when  all  the 
first  Lieutenants  of  flag-ships  on  foreign 
stations  were  promoted. 

In  May,  1827,  Comm.  Dickenson  was 
appointed  to  the  Genoa,  74,  which  ship 
lost  her  Captain  (Bathurst)  and  suffered 
severely  at  the  battle  of  Navarino.  Not 
having  served  the  regulated  time  afloat  as 
Commander,  to  qualify  him  for  Post 
rank,  he  was  next  appointed  to  command 
the  Wasp,  and  on  the  1.3th  of  May,  1829, 
obtained  his  promotion  as  Captain,  having 
in  the  interim  been  nominated  a  C.B. 
and  decorated  with  the  Cross  of  St  Louis 
and  the  Order  of  St.  Anne.  He  also 
received  the  Cross  of  St.  Wladimir,  a 
second  Russian  order,  by  mistake,  as  was 
alleged  by  the  Russian  authorities.  This 
circumstance  gave  rise  to  a  discussion  with 
Sir  Edw.  Codrington,  his  late  Comman- 
der-in-chief, which  seems  to  have  led  to 
that  officer's  preferring  certain  charges 
touching  Capt.  Dickenson's  conduct  at 
the  battle  of  Navarino,  upon  which  he 
was  brought  to  a  Court-martial  on  the 


LiKUT.-CoL.  Stephen  Holmes,  K.H. 

Dec,  19.  In  Dublin,  aged  48,  Lieut.- 
Colonel  Stephen  Holmes,  K.H.  imat. 
tached.  Deputy  Inspector  -  General  of 
Constabulary  in  Ireland. 

This  deserving  officer  entered  the  ser- 
vice  as  Ensign  in  the  6th  Grarrison  Bat- 
talion, in  1806,  and  successively  obtained 
the  appointments  of  Lieutenant  and  Ad- 
jutant  in  the  same  corps.     In  the  latter 
end  of  1809  he  was  transferred  to  the 
24th  regiment,  then  in  Portugal,  which  be 
joined  in  Feb.  following,  and  in  which  he 
served  during  the  whole  of  the  campaigns 
of  1810,  1811,  and  1812.  being  present  at 
the  battles  of  Busaco,  Fuentes  d' Honor, 
Salamanca,  and  some  minor   affairs,  as 
well  as  at  the  sieges  of  Ciudad  Bodrigo 
and  Burgos.     At  the  latter  fortress  be 
volunteered  to  lead  the  storming  party, 
which  succeeded  in  the  assault  of   the 
main  breach  on  the  4th  Oct.  1812,  and  of 
his  conduct  on  this  occasion,  fjord  Wel- 
lington was  pleased,  in  his  dispatch  to 
Lord  Bathurst,  to  express  his  approba- 
tion, in  consequence  of  which  he  obtained 
his  promotion  to  a  company  in  the  8th 
W.  I.  regiment,  which,  however,  he  never 
joined.     In  the  course  of  the  foregoing 
service,  he  acted  as  Brigade  Major  to  the 
Brigades  of  the  line  in  the  1st  and  7th 
divisions,  under  the  command  of  Major 
Generals  the  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Stopford 
and  Sir  Edward  Barnes. 

In  Feb.  1814  Capt.  Holmes  was  trans- 
ferred  to  the  78th,  and  immediately  joined 
the  9.A  battalion  (then  employed  in  the 
blockade  of  Antwerp),  which  rormed  part 
of  the  army  in  Flanders  under  Lord 
Lynedoch,  and  he  continued  to  serve  with 
his  regiment  until  appointed  Brigade- 
nuijor  to  Major  -  General  Mfwlynrie's 
brigade.  When  that  brigade  was  booken  up, 
he  was  removed  to  that  of  Sir  IliQederick 


1 8 10.]      Obituary.— L^-C(;/.  Arnold, — Major  A.  E,  Byam' 


435 


Adam,  and  subsequently  to  Major-Ge- 
neral Johnstrm's,  in  the  (itii  division,  in 
which  hitti-r  he  served  durini;  the  eam- 
pttign  ot  1815 :  but,  owin^  to  its  not  bein^; 
lM-ou;(ht  into  action  ut  Waterloo,  be  lost 
the  chance  of  the  promotion,  which,  it  is 
believed,  was  obtained  by  every  brigade- 
major  whose  brigade  was  engaged  on  that 
day.  After  the  taking  of  Cambray,  in 
uhich  (icncral  JohnstonVs  brigade  was 
employed,  ]jient.-(ieneral  Sir  Charles 
rolvillc,  who  commanded  the  division, 
n  commended  ('ai>t.  Holmes  for  promo- 
Hon,  but  his  recoinmendalion  was  unat- 
»« Tided  with  succc>s.  Capt.  Holmes  con- 
tiriiicd  on  the  stalf  until  the  formation  of 
tile  army  of  occupation,  when  he  returned 
ro  Kn^hind  in  Jan.  IHlG,  with  the  troo]>s 
then  ordered  home,  and  on  the  *24th  ot 
i'eb.  foUowintr,  he  was,  by  the  reduction 
of  liie  *^d  battalion  ot  the  7Sth,  placed 
upon  half-pay,  and  so  remained  until  ap- 
l>oiiit.  d  to  the  M)th  in  Feb.  1^/1).  In  the 
^epr.  followini,'  he  pro<veded  to  Malta  and 
the  Ionian  Islands,  where  he  served  with 
iiis  ivgiment  until  appointed  major  of 
bii^MiIe  at  (.'orfu.  On  the  'ii-th  of  Dec. 
\^.i^),  he  obtained  an  unattached  majority, 
by  purchaM*.  and  continued  to  hold  the 
.tp]>ointnienr  of  briirade-mnjor  till  July 
ls-^7.  wluMi  -Major- (ten.  the  Hon.  V,  C 
ron^onby  appointed  him  military  sccre* 
tarv  on  hi^^  st.itTat  .Malta,  which  appoint, 
ni'-nt  he  coi'.riiiucd  to  hold  until  Sir  Fre- 
d.-riek'o  ••tate  of  health  comjielled  him  to 
lelintpiish  his  command.  In  l^'i8,  he 
was  ii:elu«led  amon-;  the  ;;eneral  brevet 
|)romotion  of  that  year,  and  thus  obtained 
I. is  lient.."i)lon;  lev. 

In  |*--j|  he  mrtrrici],  at   (  urtu,  the  «'l- 

•  I^si  d,iu::'ili  r  oi  Major- <  ieiieial  Sir  I*a- 
tiiek  Hoss,  ell:lt:n•lndin^  the  troiijisin  the 
Ionian  Isl;i:i'!>.,  ('dloiu'l  iloluics  beiiiL:  at 
tijiit  tiine  bri>;tde-ma;or  to  Sir  I'.iirick. 

Colo.'iel  Holmes  joined  tlii'  Jii^h  eon- 
s^  .buhiry  «s  pro\inci:il  in-jx-cfor  of  licin- 
sfiT  in  I>*n,  and  in  !>>  ^>  Vi  is  :ippointe<I 

•  ieputy  iii'-jieeto:  iieiuT.il.  i.oid  Kblllti^- 
ton  }iii<  ni.iiki-ii  ills  v(>n*>"  0!  Ccd.  Htdmen's 
-I  iv.e.-H  by  eonli'irini:  liie  vacant  a]ipoin. 

•  in'iil    on    Ms    IcotliiT.        I  he    prcmittiire 

d' cea t  ( 'oloiii-l  Holmes  was  rendered 

m'»rt'  drp!(ir.il>le  by  tiie  <■  .n  'nrntit  death 
of  hi^  ^:in,  ,1  ptoinisin::  boy  ol  nine  years, 
u  111)  \\.i>-  inteiief!  in  In.*  s.mu'  grave  with 
iiis  t.i:!:ir.ii  H-irohi"-.  Cn*'.-  ne.ir  Hiiblin. 
i-'oiir  i'Iiil<!:en  sur.ivi.  v, ifh  his  widokV 
uliovc  mentioiK  d. 

('ohMicl  ll'lmi  s  |,o>se.s.st"l  cvi-ry  qiiali- 
M'HtioM  to  « f>uie  re-pCi't  and  uir-'cliiHi. 
lliu'iily  pM'!>o^-e'>siii.;  in  appcaraiic ;  and 
"uinifrs,  iiuiy  .in!i.i!>le  i'l  ili-^positioii,  a 
i.ri.id  -oifiu  r.  .iini  .111  <*\ri  ilcnt  man,  hi  lias 
il'  <  I  ■  Ii  li  to  the  j;niv<\  fojiowcfl  by  llic 
K^pecl  and  ^soriow  ot  all  who  knew  liiui. 


Lt.-Colonki.  Aunold. 

Any,  :^K  At  (!abooI,  in  India,  Lieut.- 
Colonel  Holh?rt  Arnold,  commanding  the 
l<)tb  Lancerb,  and  serving  as  Brigadier 
with  the  army  of  the  Indus. 

This  oliicer  was  educated  at  Winches- 
ter, and  appointed  to  an  F^nsignry  in  the 
•Uh  Foot  in  180f),  and  to  a  Lieutenancy 
in  1812.  He  then  exchanged  into  the 
l()th  Light  Dragoons,  and  was  reduced  in 
1814.  In  lm.>  he  was  appointed  to  the 
lOth  Hu.ssars;  in  1818  he  obtained  a 
troop,  and  in  \Siii  a  Majority,  in  tliat  re- 
giment, each  by  purchase,  in  1 8:1^6  he 
was  promoted  to  a  Lieutenant- (.x)ionelcy 
unattached,  and  soon  afterwards  gave  the 
ditTerence  into  the  1 6th  lancers — pro- 
ceeding immediately  to  join  them  in  In- 
dia, and  has  commanded  them  ever  since. 

He  .served  in  the  Peninsula  in  1 811, 
181-A  XHV.l  and  1814— was  wounded  kc- 
verely  at  Badajoz  and  Vittoria,  and  at 
Waterloo  was  .shot  through  the  body  while 
charging  a  French  square  at  the  head  of 
his  troo|).  He  was  a  man  of  great  per- 
sonal intrepidity,  and  considered  one  of 
the  best  cavalry  officers  in  the  service,  par- 
ticularly on  outpost  duty.  His  mannem 
and  disposition  made  him  deservedly  es- 
teemed, and  his  death  generally  regretted, 
bv  his  brother  officers. 


.Ma.ior  a.  K.  By.vm. 

Sni'.  10.  At  Rondebosch,  near  Cape 
Town,  aged  31',  Major  Adoiphus  Eliza- 
betli  Byam,  Captain  of  the  lion.  E.  I, 
(.'.  Madras  Art i Her}'. 

The  Duke  of  Cambridge  and  the 
Landgravine  <d'  He.sse  Hombnrg  utood 
sponsors  to  this  genrlemaii,  and  he  wan 
nuriied  after  tbem  l)oth,  Adolphus  Eliza- 
ii-th.  lit*  was  r>on  ot  the  late  Samuel 
Hyam,  \K\),  one  of  the  CbaplainR  in 
onlinary  to  (jet)pp:e  III.,  and  Hector  of 
W  y!;"  !l(*gis  ami  Portland,  in  Dorsetshire; 
and  was  aUo.  wf  ivarn,  descended  from 
tiie  an<-icnt  family  of  the  same  name,  at 
one  time  spread  through  all  the  wcMtcm 
pirts  of  Somersetshire.  This  officer 
•  i-rvcl  in  tlie  .Madras  army  for  upwards  of 
sevcnltNTi  year>.  He  was  on  service  during 
tiie  Hiirmc-c,  Ciorg,  ami  (lormsur  warn. 
In  liiir.iiali  h*'  served  as  Artillery  officer; 
on  his  return  to  the  co.ist,  h(>  was  potted 
to  the  Hor.se  Artiller)*;  alterwards  he 
was  aiipointcd  Praate  Secretary  to  the 
lve>ident  at  liwieiab.td.  and  for  a  short 
period  had  the  clmr^";  oi'  the  Residency; 
then  made  a  (  a}»iain  Commnndant,  and 
for  several  v.-ars  eummandcd  a  KuRiNibah 

m 

ot  Iloisc,  In  til,"  «  onr/  and  (rormsur 
v.ar>.  !m*  served  as  a  Staff  and  davalry 
otheer :  an.i  xili'-n  fie  lett  Iniiia  for  the 
(  t,ir  ot  (iooil  n<pe,  oil  arcfiiint,  of  4  X- 
trume  ill  hculih,  iie  Vt-.t:>  Militaiy  r<ecre. 
lary  Mnd  Auditor  of   Account!)    in    lii» 


436 


Obituary. — The  Rev.  John  WordsxvoHh, 


[April, 


Highness  tlie  Nizam's  army,  with  the 
official  rank  of  Major.  During  his  whole 
career  in  India  he  has  been  beloved  by 
bis  brother  officers,  and  valued  and  es- 
teemed by  all  under  whom  he  served  ; 
and  no  one  bid  a  fairer  promise  of  rising 
to  distinction,  when  Almighty  God  was 
pleased  to  remove  him  from  this  world, 
deeply  regretted  by  his  widow  and  friends. 


The  Rev.  John  Wordsworth. 

Dec.  31.  At  Trinity  Lodge,  Cam- 
bridge, aged  31,  the  Rev.  John  Words- 
worth, eldest  son  of  the  Master  of  Trinity 
college,  and  a  Fellow  of  that  society. 

Mr.  Wordsworth  was  born  at  Lambeth 
on  the  1st  of  July  1805;  and  after  re- 
ceiving at  home  the  rudiments    of    his 
education,  was  sent  in  1819  to  Winchester 
school,  then  under  the  superintendence  of 
Dr.    Gabell.     In   Dec.   1823  he  quitted 
Winchester,  and  commenced  residence  as 
a  student  of  Trinity  college  in    October, 
]824>;  a  year  subsequently  distinguished 
by  unusual  success  in  the  classical  com- 
petitions of  the   University.      Of   those 
gentlemen  who  came  to  college   at  that 
time,  no  less  than  five  were  pronounced 
worthy  of  the  honour  of  a    University 
Scholarship,  and  in  fact  carried  off  all  the 
Scholarships  (four  in  number)  which  fell 
vacant  during  the  period  in  which  they 
could    be    candidates.      Amongst    these 
five  was  Mr.   Wordsworth,  who,  though 
ultimately  the  unsuccessful  candidate,  was 
re-examined  for  the  Craven  Scholarship  in 
1827,  along  with  another  gentleman,  to 
whom,  in  the  first  instance,  he  had  been 
declared  equal.     In  1825  he  was  elected 
one  of  Dr.   Bell's   University    Scholars, 
and  Scholar  of  Trinity  in   1826.     In  the 
same  year   he    obtained    the     **  Porson 
Prize  "  with  an  exercise  pronounced  by 
Scholars  to  be  one  of  more  than  ordinary 
merit ;  an  extraordinary  prize  for  a  similar 
exercise  was  awarded  to  him  in  the  fol- 
lowing year,  when  the  successful  candi- 
date   was    Dr.    Kennedy,     now     Head 
Master  of  Shrewsbury   School,  as  well 
as    honourable    mention    made    of    his 
**  Greek   Ode, "    which  was  ordered  to 
be  copied,  together  with  that  to  which  Sir 
Wm.  Browne's  Medal  was  adjudged,  into 
the  public  volume  of  University  Exer- 
cises.    He  obtained  also  prizes  for  das- 
sical  composition  in  his  own  college ;  and 
would  undoubtedly  have  occupied  a  very 
high  place  in  the  classical  honours  of  the 
Commencing  Bachelors,   if  he   had   not 
been  excluded  from  the  competition  by 
regulations  which,  however  just  in  prin- 
ciple, appear  to  have  (mainly  in  conse- 
quence of  progressive  alterations  in  the 
Mathematical  Examinations)  a  very  ques. 
tionablei  if  not  ipjurious  influence  on  the 


encouragement  of  the  classical  studies  of 
the  university. 

Mr.  Wordsworth  was  elected  a  Fellow 
of  Trinity  in  1830,  and  continued  gene. 
rally  to  reside  in  college  till   1B33,  when 
he  visited  the  Continent,  not  only  for  the 
purpose  of  general  improvement  in  body 
and  mind,  but  with  the  ardent  desire  of 
becoming  acquainted  with    the     critical 
treasures  of  foreign  libraries.      In    this 
journey  Italy  was  his  principal  object ; 
and  during  a  prolonged  stay  at  li'lorence 
he  collated  the  MSS.  of  .£schylu8  in  the 
Medicean  Library,  with  such    diligence 
and  success  as  led  him  to  devote  himself, 
on  his  return,   more  particularly  to  the 
study  and  correction  of  that  poet,   with 
hopes  of  giving  a  much  purer  text  than 
had  hitherto  been  obtained.     Some  por- 
tion  of  the  produce  of  his  collections, 
and  some  foretaste  of  what  he  would  have 
done  in  this  department  of  criticism,  is  to 
be  found  in  a  Review  by  him  of  Wel- 
lauer's  iEschylus,  published  in  the  first 
volume  of  the  Philological  Muteum ;- -of 
which  it  may  here  suffice  to  say  that  it  is 
understood  to   have   drawn  from  a  dis. 
tinguished  Prelate,  one  of  the  roost  emi- 
nent scholars  of  the  day,  the  offer  of  an 
appointment  conveying  the  highest  possi- 
ble testimony  to  Mr.  Wordsworth's  at- 
tainments and  character.     Soon  after  bis 
return  from  his  travels,  he  was  appointed 
to  the  office  of  Assistant  Tutor;  and  the 
classical  lectures   which   devolved    upon 
him  in  virtue  of  this  appointment  justified 
the  reputation  which  had  now  begun  to 
attach  to  his  name  ;  so  that,  on  occasion 
of  an  anticipated  vacancy  of  the  Greek 
Professorship,  Mr.  Wordsworth  was  an- 
nounced as  a  candidate  for  the  chair  of 
Porson,  with  the  general  expectation  that 
he  would  have  no  competitor  among  the 
members  of  his  own  society ; — and  when, 
shortly  after,  the  design  of  publishing  the 
unedited  Papers  and   (/orrespondence  of 
Bentley  was  undertaken  by  the  college, 
the  conduct  of  that  publication  was  com- 
mitted to  Mr.  Wordsworth. 

Mr.  Wordsworth  was  ordained  Deacon 
in  June,  1837,  and  Priest  soon  after,  by 
the  Bishop  of  Ely.  In  the  meantime, 
habits  of  laborious  study,  the  scnipulous 
diligence  with  which  he  prepared  himself 
for  his  public  lectures,  the  singular  fas- 
tidiousness with  which,  centor  mi  reli- 
giosissimusTf  he  examined  and  weighed 
every  suggestion  and  subject,  had  injured 
his  health ;  and  this,  added  to  the  desire 
of  devoting  himself  wholly  to  classical 
literature,  induced  him,  to  the  great  re- 
gret both  of  his  pupils  and  his  colleagues, 
to  resign  his  office  in  the  Tuition.  Per. 
haps  it  was  the  uneafiness  caused  by  these 
feelings  of  incipient  disease  which  prompu 
ed  him,  with  a  view  to  change  of  occu. 


1840.] 


Obituary. — Mr,  Luke  Clennell. 


43/ 


pations,  to  be  a  candidate  for  the  Head 
Mastrrship  of  King  Edward's  School  at 
iiirmirigham  ;  from  which,  when  well  as- 
surcd  of  success,  he  was  with  difficulty, 
and  only  through  a  dutiful  obedience  to 
tlie  remonstrance  of  his  nearest  friends, 
persuaded  to  withdraw.  He  continued, 
however,  to  prosecute  the  studies  he  had 
chosen,  and  to  collect  materials  for  some 
works  he  had  undertaken,  till  within  a 
few  weeks  of  his  death. 

We  are  happy  to  learn  that  the  fruits 
of  his  Ifibours  ure  not  likely  to  be  lost  to 
the  world.  The  papers  relating  to  the 
lientley  Correspondence  are  understood  to 
be  in  a  state  of  forwardness,  lie  had 
made  some  progress  in  the  preparation  of 
a  Classical  Dictionary,  which  would  have 
come  out  of  his  hands  as  much  distin- 
guished by  accuracy,  as  the  books  in 
common  u>e  on  that  subject  are  by  the 
want  of  it;  and  he  has  left  behind  him 
much  tJjat  is  likely  to  be  higlily  valuable 
to  future  editors  of  A-lschylvs,  besides  a 
great  variety  of  Critical  .-{dcersaria.  It 
will  be  one  of  the  many  consolations  of  a 
fu.Tiilv  to  which   l*rovidence  has  been  li- 

0 

beral  above  measure  in  mental  endow- 
ments, that  his  afflicted  parent  does  not 
yet  want  sons  capable  of  securing  to  the 
world  the  benefit  of  their  brother's  dili- 
gence and  sagacity. 

The  moral  character  of  the  deceased 
corresponded  to  his  intellectual  quali- 
ties.  With  an  uncompromising  tenacity 
of  opinion,  and  frankness  in  declaring  it, 
he  joined  a  dignitied  amenity  of  manners 
and  inoffensiveness  of  disposition,  which 
made  him  beloved  as  well  as  respected  by 
hU  ranks  of  the  society  to  which  he  be- 
longed. His  unobtrusive  piety — of  which 
the  surest  evidence  in  the  days  of  health 
and  cheerfulness*  was  to  be  found  in  the 
purity  of  his  lite  and  conversation,  his 
NJmplu'ity  of  character,  his  cimscientious 
performance  ot  duly,  his  humble-minded- 
ite««*«,  charitable  temper,  and  love  of  truth 
-had  its  more  pal])able  nmnifestalionson 
tin*  bed  ot  death,  when  the  sincerity  of 
('hri«itian  taith  was  exhibited  in  the  re- 
>igned  serenity  of  (Ihristian  hope. 

Ills  funeral  t(H)k  nlace  on  the  (>th  Jan. 
The  %enerable  father  of  the  deceased, 
i>up{)orted  by  his  second  son,  Mr.  Charles 
Wordsworth  ;  the  Kev.  Christopher 
Wordsworth,  I). I).  Master  of  Harrow, 
and  Mrs.  Wordsworth;  and  the  Kev. 
Mr.  Frere.  Rector  of  CotCenham,  were 
the  principal  mournen;  and  the  pall  was 
b«)rne  by  the  six  senior  Fellows  in  re- 
sidence, the  Vice- Master,  the  Dean  of 
Kly,  (he  Kev.  J.  Komilly,  Professor 
Whewrll.  Archdeacon  Thorp,  and  the 
Kev.  F.  Martin. 

We  arc  gUd  to  Icam  that,  at  the  timely 
5Ugg«ttion  of  a  fhvnd,  a  cast  wai  taken 


of  the  face  of  the  deceased,  with  the  view 
of  procuring  a  bust  to  be  placed,  by  sub- 
scription, in  the  antc-chapel  of  Trinity 
college. 

Mr.  Luke  Clf.nnki.l. 

Feb.  9.  At  Newcastle,  in  his  fifty- 
ninth  year,  Mr.  Luke  Clennell,  formerly 
a  very  promising  artist. 

He  was  the  son  of  a  farmer  at  Ulgham 
near  Morpeth,  in  Northumberland,  where 
he  was  born  on  the  30th  of  March,  1781. 
He  is  said  to  have  displayed  at  a  very  early 
age  a  passion  for  sketching  and  caricatur- 
ing, and  many  anecdotes  have  been  related 
by   his   schoolfellows  of  the  troubles  in 
which  it  involved  him,  for  his  slate  was 
sure  to  be  covered  with  rude  figures  of 
birds  and  beasts,  instead  of  those  of  arith- 
metic.    On  his  removal  from  school,  he 
was  apprenticed   to  his  uncle,  a  tanner, 
but  the   ruling  passion   still  swayed  his 
destiny.     He  was  on  one  occasion  so  ab- 
sorbed in  his  favourite  pursuit  as  to  be 
unaware  of  the  presence  of  a  customer, 
who  reproved  him  somewhat  sharply  for 
his   inattention.     Clennell    submitted  in 
silence — exhibited  the  skins — and  the  man 
ot  business  proceeded  to  examine,  com- 
pare,  and  select.     Unfortunately,  when 
about  to  depart,  he  caught  sight  of  a  can* 
cature  likeness  of  himself,  which  the  boy 
had  sketched   in  chalk  behind  the  door. 
These  manifest,  though  ill-timed  predilec- 
tions for  art  induced  his  friends  to  place 
him  with  Bewick,  of  Newcastle,  the  cele- 
brated wood-engraver,   to  whom  he  was 
now  apprenticed.     Soon  after,  his  parcnta 
were  involved  in  difficulties,  and  to  pro- 
cure a  lirtle  pocket  money,  Clennell  wai 
accustomed  to  dispose  of  the  productiona 
of  his   pencil  by  raffle  among  his  com- 
panions ;  and  some  of  these  earlier  speci- 
mens of  his  talent  are,  we  arc  informed, 
vet  to  be  seen  in  the  neighbouring  farm- 
liouses.     While  with  Bewick,  he  assidu- 
ousiy  availed  himself  of  all  opportunitieit 
to   prosecute   those    studies    which   had 
hitherto   been    to  him    only  a  source  of 
trouble  and  anxiety.     He  was  soon  so  far 
a  proficient   as  to  be   employed  by  his 
master  in  copying  drawings  on  the  block, 
and  in  executing  such  subjects  as  required 
freedom  of  outline  and  breadth  of  effect. 
In  IbOl,  shortly  after  he  had  served  out 
his  term  of  apprenticeship,  he  removed  to 
London,  and  there  married  the  daughter 
of  Mr.  Charles  Warren,  engraver.     The 
fame  of  his  talent  had  preceded  him,  and 
in  this  great  mart  for  genius  he  soon  found 
abundant  emplovment.     Among  his  best 
works,  are  the  illustrations  to  Falconer'H 
Shipwreck,  Kogers's  Poems,  after  draw- 
ings by  Stothard,  and  the  Diploma  of  thu 

Highland  Societ}*,  from  a  design  hy  the 
Preaident  West, '  «*  Cicnngll's  cuts/'  (sa^^ 


438 


Obituary. — Mr»  Luke  dennell. 


[April, 


Mr.  .luckaon  in  bis  Treatise  on  Wood 
Eiigniviii^%)  "are  distiii^uiMhcd  by  their 
free  and  nrtist.like  execution,  and  by  their 
exeelliMit  etfect.  An  udniirahlu  specimen 
ot"  his  engraving  is  tlie  vignette  in  Fal- 
coner— A  Ship  running  before  the  Wind 
in  a  Gale.  The  motion  of  the  waves  and 
the  gloomy  appearancre  of  the  sky  are 
repreitented  with  admirable  truth  and  feel- 
ing. Perhaps  no  engraving  of  the  same 
kind,  either  on  copper  or  wood,  conveys 
the  idea  of  a  storm  at  sea  with  greater 
lidelity.  The  drawing  was  made  by 
Thurston  ;  but  the  spirit  and  effect,  the 
lights  and  shadows,  the  apparent  seething 
of  the  waves,  were  introduced  by  ClcnncU." 
Jn  fact,  as  his  whole  life  proves,  Clennell 
was  an  artist :  while  yet  at  Newcastle,  he 
had  availed  himself  of'  his  hours  of  leisure 
to  make  sketches  of  rustic  and  marine 
scenery,  and  portraits  of  his  friends.  He 
now,  in  London,  met  at  the  house  of  liis 
father-in-law  with  men  of  congenial  taste, 
literary  men  as  well  as  artists ;  his  mind 
enlarged,  his  ambition  took  a  higher  aim, 
and  he  resolved  to  abandon  engraving  and 
become  a  painter.  Being  familiar  with 
the  use  of  water  colours — having  already 
made  many  drawings  for  Sir  Walter 
Scott's  **  Juorder  Antiquities  " — he  re- 
solved to  become  a  candidate  for  a  prize 
offered  by  the  liritish  Institution,  for  the 
best  sketch  of  "  The  Decisive  Charge  of 
the  Life  Guards  at  Waterloo."  lie  suc- 
ceeded, and  received  150  guineas;  an  en- 
graving from  this  picture  was  subsequently 
published  by  Bromley,  for  the  benefit  of 
the  artist's  family. 

In  ISH,  the  Earl  of  Bridgewater  gave 
Mr.  Clennell  a  commission  to  paint  .'i 
large  picture,  commemorative  of  the  dinner 
given  by  the  City  of  London  to  the  Allied 
Sovereigns,  in  which  he  was  to  introduce 
portraits  of  the  j)rineii)al  guests.  The 
artist  had,  of  course,  great  difTiculty  in 
procuring  the  required  portraits.  It  is 
believed,  indeed,  that  his  health  suffered 
from  unceasing  anxieties  on  this  j)oint. 
At  length,  when  he  had  collected  all  his 
materials,  finished  his  sketcli,  and  was 
proceeding  vigorously  with  the  great  work* 
itself,  his  mind  suddenly  became  a  blank 
in  April  1817 — to  the  astonishment  of  his 
friends,  for  they  had  no  previous  warning; 
he  was  fburKl  to  be  insane — and  he  never 
recovered.  It  is  gratifying  to  know,  that, 
during  liis  long  years  of  confinement,  he 
found  innocent  amusement  in  attempts  at 
musical  and  poetical  composition,  and  in 
drawing  and  wood -engraving.     Many  of 

*  The  picture  is  now  hung  up  in  one 
of  the  rooms  at  Ashridge.  Mr.  Jackson 
i^tates  that  it  was  finished  by  E.  Bird, 
K.A.  who  also  became  insane. 


these  we  have  seen.  Mr.  Jackson  has 
given  some  specimens  of  both,  and  some 
other  poems  have  been  recently  published 
in  the  AtheruBum  of  the  7th  of  March. 
*'  His  wood -engravings  (says  Mr.  Jackson) 
resembled  the  first  attempts  of  a  boy ;  but 
he  prized  them  highly,  and  ranked  them 
among  the  most  successful  productions  in 
the  art."  His  poetry  was  wild,  strange, 
and  generally  incoherent,  yet  not  without 
nmsic  in  its  flow,  and  vague  shadowy 
visions  of  the  beautiful. 

The  principal  characteristics  of  Luke 
Clenneli's  genius,  as  an  artist,  are  readi- 
ness of  composition,  spirit  of  touch,  and 
1)0 wer  of  execution.  Two  of  his  early 
pictures  are  sufficient  to  prove  this — his 
**  Arrival  of  Mackerel  Boats  at  Brighton," 
exhibited  in  the  British  Gallery,  and  his 
picture  of*'  The  Day  after  the  Fair,"  in 
the  possession  of  Mr.  Mark  Lambert,  of 
Newcastle.  This  latter  picture,  perhaps 
more  than  any  other,  possesses  all  tne 
charming  qualities  for  which  he  stood 
almost  unrivalled.  His  picture  of  "  The 
Decisive  Charge  of  the  Life  Guards  at 
Waterloo,"  also  bears  ample  testimony  to 
his  powers  in  the  command  of  his  pencil; 
it  is  full  of  dash  and  fire ;  every  touch 
evinces  the  confidence  of  conscious 
strength.  There  is  nothing  of  timidity 
or  hesitation — all  is  decision;  and  the 
strength  and  perfection  of  the  painter's 
thought  seems  transferred,  as  it  were,  at 
once,  magically,  to  the  canvas.  His  high 
talent  as  a  landscape  painter  is  sufficiently 
established  by  his  works  in  the  <<  Border 
Antiquities."  The  points  from  which  he 
selected  his  views,  show  what  an  eye  he 
had  for  picturesque  composition:  the 
powerful  effects  of  light  and  shadow 
thrown  into  these  views,  prove  his  deep 
knowledge  of  chiaro-scuro,  the  tastcfful 
manner  in  which  he  introduced  his  figures 
lent  an  additional  interest  to  the  scenes. 
His  delineation  of  rustic  groups  is  rarely 
surpassed — instance,  as  a  specimen,  the 
"  Cow  Hill  Fair,"  in  the  possession  of 
iiord  Durham  :  the  figures  are  full  of 
character  and  nature. 

Mr.  Clennell  has  been  described  to  us 
by  those  who  knew  him  well,  as  a  roan  of 
a  kind  and  gentle  disposition — of  pleasing 
manners— open-hearted,  fincere,  and  be- 
loved by  his  family  and  friends ;  and  we 
cainiot  close  this  notice  better  Uuin  with 
the  hope  expressed  by  Mr.  Jackson,  that 
though  his  condition  appeared  miserable 
to  us,  he  was  not  himself  miserable  }  that 
though  deprived  of  the  light  of  reason,  he 
yet  enjoyed  some  pleasures  of  which  wo 
can  form  no  conception  ;  and  that  his  con- 
finement occasioned  to  him  **  Small  feel- 
ing of  privation,  none  of  pain. "^/iSe/uwwi. 


1840.] 


Obituary.— r/er^y  Deceased, 


4:<9 


W.  J.  Ward,  Kfuj.  A.R.A. 

March  I.  Aped  -kl,  William  Jamrs 
Ward,  t>q.  A.K. A.  of  Albany. si rtH*t. 
Rf.uent's  Park.  Mezzotinto  Engraver  to 
tiifir  lute  Majesties  (ieorge  the  Fourth 
>.nd  William  the  Fourth. 

lie  was  the  son  of  the  late  Mr.  Ward, 
associate  of  the  Koyul  Academy,  and 
nephew  of  the  celebrated  animal  painter, 
.lames  Ward,  e^q.  K.A.  His  earliest  as- 
s(M*iations  were,  therefore,  with  the  arts; 
his  mother  being  the  sister  of  George 
.Morland,  and  bis  cousin  the  wife  of  John 
Jackson,  esq.  K.A.  He  exhibited  talent 
ill  very  early  life,  having  gained,  at  twelve 
years  of  age,  the  silver  medul  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Arts,  for  an  elaborate  copy,  in 
pen>aiul-ink,  of  the  Madonna  dclU  Seg- 
giola  of  Haphael.  in  the  style  of  art 
which  the  father  pursued,  the  ^on  greatly 
excelled  ;  he  has  left  but  few  engravers  in 
mezzotinto  of  etjual  merit.  iJe  combined 
an  extraordinary  depth  and  richness  of 
colour,  with  an  urtiMt-lilce  touch,  that  ren- 
dered his  purtraitB,  more  especially,  ex- 
ceedingly etfcctive.  His  manner  was 
peculiarly  adapted  for  transferring  the 
\\ork>  of  Hevnolds  and  Jackson  ;  the 
plates  lie  produced  alter  J^wrenee,  are 
flctiricnt  in  that  delicacy,  so  prominent  a 
Iraturt'  in  the  works  of  the  late  President. 
'Jill'  latt'ht  plate  be  executed  was  decidedly 
one  of  his  most  able  productions;  on  the 
\  cry  (vc  (»f  linishing  it,  he  was  attacked  by 
the  most  frightful  malady  th«it  "  tiesh  is 
licir  to" — insanity;  brought  on,  it  is  ap- 
prrhi  iidcd,  by  »  custom  in  which  he  in- 
diilgcd.  ot  plunging  into  a  cold  bath  every 
morning',  uintrr  or  summer,  the  instant 
\\v  li'tt  hi**  lH.'d.  Though  rc))eatedly  cau- 
tioned ak^aiiist  the  danger  of  iuch  a  course, 
he  p4>r«cvcrcd  until  the  evil  was  bi*yond 
itpttir.     (Art  I'nioti.J 


(  Li:K(;y  hkckased. 

Jan.  11.  At  Oxford,  aged  .i2.  the 
Kcv.  Joseph  Carter^  iUnrtor  of  Jiainton. 
^  orkshirc.  i ie  was  educatt^dat  Merchant- 
r.iviors'  schiMil,  London,  and  elected  to 
:t  M'liolarship  at  St.  John's  college,  Ox- 
lor<I,  in  .f'lni'  Is<Ki;  he  took  the  degree 
(it  1>.A.  in  lHi(),  uiid  proceeded  M.A.  in 
IsKi,  H.D.  iSil.  I.i  IH'A*  he  wa>  prc- 
vi-nfi-d  by  the  colleg«'  t«»  the  vicuraj:e  of 
.St.  <fileM*>.  by  Oxford;  which  he  re- 
NiuMied  III  l.Kl'i  tor  the  rtrrtory  ot  l»ainton, 
iilso  in  thcKitt  ot  the  college. 

Jau.  17.  At  Hatfu-ld,  Hcrtfordnhire, 
the  Ke\ .  liennj  Comyn^  < '-uratt*  of  that 
poisli,  late  of  Kxetcr  college,  Oxford, 
which  lu'  entered  a  <*ommon4*r  in  18.'jl), 
and  look  the  degice  of  B.A.  in  i8.'i.'{. 
ile  was  the  eldest  %o%\  of  Major- (ten. 
(omyn,  K.I.C.  service,  of  Cbcltenhaoi. 

Jn  London,   the  Rev.  Jamt»  EUioff, 


brother  of  the  R<»v.  (iin>orl  Fliiolt,  for 
some  time  Curate  and  Ch»|)lain  of  Dun- 
cannon  Fort,  Ireland,  and  lately  Curate 
ot  Brandon,  Suffolk. 

Jan.  21.  Aged  Gii,  the  Rev.  Henry 
BoireSf  Vicar  of  Taunton  St.  Alary 
Magdalene,  Rector  of  Orchard  Portman, 
Bickenhall,  and  Staple  Fitz  Payne,  and 
Chaplain  to  the  Earl  of  Rosebery.  He 
was  brother  to  Thomas  Bowyer  Bowes, 
esq.  of  Iwernc  Minster  house,  Dorset;- 
sbirc  ;  was  a  member  of  Queen's  coll. 
Oxford,  M.A.  17118;  was  presented  to 
all  his  livings  by  the  present  Lord  Port- 
man;  to  Orchard  Portman  in  1806;  to 
Steeple  Fitz  Payne,  with  Bickenhall,  in 
1811 ;  and  to  his  church  in  1813.  The 
advowson  of  the  last  now  belongs  to  Lord 
Asbbuiton.  Mr.  Bowes  has  left  a  nu. 
roerous  family,  of  whom  two  sons  are 
ministers  of  the  church. 

Jan.  23.  The  Rev.  W.  Eicbank, 
Rector  of  North  Witham,  Lincolnshire, 
to  which  he  wa«  i)rcsented  a  few  months 
since  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Kitchingman. 

Jan.  24-.  At  Torquay,  aged  21^  the 
Rev.  A(fred  Howell,  B.  A.  of  Caius  CoU 
lege,  Cambridge,  late  (;urate  of  Sedgley, 
Staffordshire,  fourth  son  of  Thonuis 
Howell,  esq.  of  Clapbam. 

Jan.  2j.  At  Stulisfield,  Kent, aged 71, 
the  Rev.  Patrick  Keith,  Rector  of  Ruck- 
inge,  and  Vicar  of  Stolistield,  and  also 
Perpetual  Curate  of  Marr,  in  the  county 
of  Vork.  He  was  collated  to  Riickinge 
in  ls->'^,  and  to  Stalisfield  in  1827,  by 
Abp.  Miumers  Sutton ;  and  recently 
presented  to  Marr  by  the  trustees  of  Mr. 
rhetlusson. 

Thi'  Rev.  Thomat  J'igot,  Rector  of 
Blymhill,  Staffordshire.  He  was  bom 
at  Hodnet,  near  Shrewsbury,  the  son  of 
Thomas  Pigot,  esq.  was  matriculated  of 
Christchurch,  Oxford,  in  17f^'>,  graduated 
B.A.  nii9f  M.A.  1M)2,  and  was  recently 
presented  to  hit  living  by  the  Karl  of 
Bradford. 

Jan.  27.  Aged  87,  the  liev.  J.  Skep^ 
herd,  for  more  thin  forty  years  Lecturer 
of  St.  ( jiles's  in  the  F'ields,  and  formerlv 
MiniKter  oi  the  FJpis<'opal  C'hapeT, 
Queen's  Square,  Westminster. 

Jau.  28.  At  Rochester,  aged  H(>,  the 
Hon.  and  Rev.  Jacoh  Martham,  \).\}, 
(4inon  of  Windi^or,  and  PrelK'itdary  of 
Rocrhester  and  Wells  ;  uncle  of  the  Karl 
ot  Romney.  He  was  the  third  >on  of 
Rotiert  second  J^ord  Romney  by  I'n^-ciila, 
sole   daughter  and    heiress   ot     {  if:irle^ 


Pymm,  es(^.  of  St.  Kiifs.  He  was  edu 
cated  kt  hton,  and  ulrerwardn  Ixraoie 
Fellow  of  King's  colbn;**.  Cambridge; 
and  graduated  M.A.  XlKi,  H.i).  I797! 
He  wan  collated  to  the  small  prclN'ud  of 
Wormiustcr  in  the  church  oi    WeiU  in 


440 


Orituary.— C/^^y  Deceaseds 


[April, 


ITs",  to  liiri  pri'bond  of  Rochester  in 
1797.  and  became  n  ('anon  of  Windsor 
in  \H).'j.  llo  married  in  HS-I-,  Amelia 
Kninci^i,  only  child  of  Joseph  Bullock, 
esq.  and  by  that  lady,  who  died  in  lK'i(i, 
liP  had  i«suc  five  sons,  the  eldest  of  whom 
is  Dr.  Marsham  the  present  Warden  of 
^Jerton,  two  others  are  clerp}'men,  and 
one  a  ('aptain  in  the  Navy,  and  live 
daughter«;.  He  was  a  very  benevolent 
man  and  sincere  Christian. 

Feb.  18.  At  Ciieltenham,  the  Rev. 
Henry  Birkett^  Felh)w  of  Queen's  col- 
lege, Oxford.  He  entered  as  a  commoner 
of  that  college  in  18'il-,  and  graduated 
«.A.  1828,  M.A.  1832. 

Feb.  5^0.  At  Little  Grimsby,  Lincoln- 
shire, aged  G4,  the  Rev.  Edward  Cove, 
Rector  of  Brimpton  and  AVoolhampton, 
Berks.  He  was  of  Balliol  college,  Ox- 
ford, M.A.  18(K),  and  was  instituted  to 
Brimpton,  a  family  living,  in  the  same 
year. 

Feb.  22.  At  Danbyhall,  Yorkshire, 
aged  76,  the  Rev.  William  Cusi,  Rector 
of  Danby  Wiske,  to  which  he  was  insti- 
tuted in  1811,  on  his  own  petition. 

Feb.  23.  In  his  32d  year,  the  Rev. 
Henrij  Ross  Ripley,  B'.A.,  Curate  of 
Gordon,  near  Manchester. 

Feb.  24.  At  Kellington,  Yorkshire, 
the  Rev.  John  Lowthian^  Vicar  of  that 
))arish.  He  was  formerly  Fellow  of 
Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  where  he 
graduated  B.A.  1797,  as  2d  Wrangler 
and  2d  Smith's  prizeman,  M.A.  1800; 
and  he  was  presented  to  his  living  by  that 
Society  in  1818.  Mr.  Lowthian  was 
formerly  a  frequent  correspondent  of  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine. 

Feb.  25.  At  Hastings,  in  his  74th  year, 
the  Ven.  Thomas  Birch,  D.C.L.  Arch- 
deacon of  Lewes,  and  Vicar  of  Bexhill, 
Sussex.  This  amiable,  learned,  and  pious 
man  was  educated  at  Merchant-taylors' 
School,  then  under  the  superintendence  of 
the  well-known  Mr.  Bishop.  He  was 
elected  a  probationary  Fellow  of  St. 
John's  college,  Oxford,  in  June  1785, 
and  proceeded  to  the  degree  of  B.C.L. 
18th  April,  1792,  and  to  that  of  D.C.L. 
14th  Jan.  1797.  He  was  preferred  to  the 
Deanery  of  Battle  in  1801,  to  the  Arch- 
deaconry of  Lewes  in  1823,  and  to  the 
vicarage  of  Bexhill  in  1836,  upon  which 
event  he  resigned  the  Deanery  of  Battle. 
On  the  30th  Jan.  1804  he  was  married  at 
Hampton  to  Maria  Rosara,  third  daughter 
of  the  late  Charles  Gordon  of  Wardhouse, 
CO.  Aberdeen,  esq.  sister  to  Rear-Adm. 
Sir  James  Alexander  Gordon,  K.C.B., 
and  niece  to  Sylvester  Lord  Glenbervie. 
By  this  Lady,  who  survives him,he  has  left 
issue:  1.  Thomas  Frederic  Birch,  Lieut. 
R.N.  born  16th  Jan.  1805,  now  com- 
13 


manding  H.M.  brig  the  Wizard  on 
the  South  American  station ;  2.  The 
Rev.  (-harles  Edward  Birch,  late  Fel- 
low of  St.  John's  college,  Oxford, M.A. 
Vic:ir  of  Wiston  in  Suffolk,  who  married 
Mary-  Anne, daughterof  Thomas  Burnett, 
of  keppelston,  co.  Aberdeen,  esq.  and 
has  issue ;  .3.  Sylvester- Douglas,  in  the 
Hon.  f]. I.e.  civil  service,  who  married 
in  1837  Isabella,  daughter  of  Dr.  Wilmot ; 
4.  James.  Alexander.  The  Archdeacon 
had  also  five  daughters,  who  all  pre- 
deceased him,  the  survivor,  Salvadora- 
Hannah,  having  died  at  Hastings  on  the 
1st  of  February  last,  in  her  16th  year. 

Feb.  25.  At  Dieppe,  the  Rev.  James 
Beaver,  formerly  Fellow  of  Corpus 
Christi  college,  Oxford,  and  for  many 
years  Rector  of  Childrey,  Berks.  He 
was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  James  Beaver, 
born  at  Lewkenor,  in  Oxfordshire,  elected 
in  1773  to  an  Oxfordshire  scholarship 
at  Corpus,  and  matriculated,  at  the  un- 
usually  early  age  of  twelve^  on  the  26th 
Nov.  in  that  year;  B.A.  1777,  M.A. 
1781 ;  elected  Probationer  Fellow  1784, 
Actual  Fellow  1786;  B.D.  1790.  In 
1800  he  was  presented  to  Childrey  (net 
value  in  1831,  604/.),  where  be  resided 
and  was  much  beloved  for  many  years. 
Latterly,  however,  his  time  has  been  alto- 
gether passed  on  the  continent.  Mr. 
Beaver,  in  early  life,  served  as  Chaplain 
both  in  the  army  and  navy.  Whilst  in 
the  latter  service  he  was  on  board  the 
Monarch,  in  the  battle  of  Copenhagen, 
that  battle  of  which  Nelson  himself  said 
that,  of  all  the  engagements  in  which  he 
had  borne  a  part,  it  was  the  most  terrible ; 
and  behaved  with  so  much  courage  and 
presence  of  mind  as  to  attract  the  notice 
of  all  on  board.  The  officer  who  had  the 
charge  of  an  important  gun  having  fallen 
early,  Mr.  Beaver  took  his  place,  and 
fought  his  gun  with  so  great  skill  and 
bravery  to  the  end  of  the  actioni  that  he 
was  honoured  with  the  especial  notice  of 
Lord  Nelson,  and  on  his  return  to  Eng- 
land had  a  gold  medal  presented  to  him, 
in  commemoration  of  his  heroic  conduct. 


DEATHS. 

LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINITY. 

Jan.  3.  Aged  48,  Mr.  Robert  Gray, 
for  the  last  eight  years  an  actor  in  the 
Norwich  Company;  brother  to  Mrs. 
Garrick,  of  the  London  boards,  at  whose 
house  in  Gerrard-street,  Soho,  he  hung 
himself.  He  was  a  good  representative 
of  elderly  gentlemen. 

Jan.  30.  Aged  71,  Mr.  John  Booth, 
of  Duke-street,  Portland-place,  an  emi- 
nent bookseller. 

Feb.  6.     At   his   son's,  in  Alfnd- 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


441 


place,  Bedford -square,  in  bis  82d  year, 
Mr.  James  Knovvles,  author  of  the  En. 
glish  Dictionary  that  bears  his  name,  and 
father  of  Mr.  Sheridan  Knowlcs  the 
dramatist  and  actor.  He  was  first  cousin 
to  the  late  Richard  Brinsley  Sheridan. 
His  body  was  interred  in  the  Highgate 
Ct^mttcry. 

f'eb.  7.  In  Upper  Seymour-st.  aged 
3.'i,  from  a  violent  attack  of  scarlet  fever, 
which  came  bn  36  hours  after  her  con- 
fincment,  the  Baroness  de  Moncorvo,  lady 
of  the  Portuguese  minister  at  this  court. 

Feb.  16.  Dorothy,  wife  of  John  Box, 
esq.  of  Doctors*  Commons. 

Feb.  IS.  At  Turn  ham  Green,  Susan- 
Eliza,  wife  of  James  Home  Kenton,  esq. 
of  the  Admiralty. 

Feb.  19.  In  Devonshire-place,  Miss 
Shepley. 

Feb.  20.  At  Clapham-common,  in 
her  60th  year,  Miss  Mercy  Mary  J3el- 
lamy,  daughter  of  the  late  John  Bellamy, 
esq.  of  the  House  of  Commons. 

Feb.  21.  At  Peckham,  aged  88,  Miss 
Sophia  Schutz. 

At  Hammersmith,  aged  64,  Robert 
Cory,  jun.  esq.  of  Burghcastle,  and  Great 
Yarmouth,  Norfolk. 

At  his  son's,  Mr.  Joseph  Kisch,  Broad- 
street-buildings, aged 76,  Benjamin  Kisch, 
esq.  surgeon  and  apothecary  to  various 
public  institutions  for  upwards  of  half  a 
rentury. 

At  Fitzroy-square,  aged  81,  Thomas 
Wilkinson,  esq.  formerly  of  the  Bombay 
Civil  Service. 

Feb.  22.  At  Sydenham,  in  Kent,  aged 
7.i,  the  widow  of  John  ParrWelsford,  esq. 

Aged  36,  Robert  Hancock,  esq.  of 
M.'irnilton. place,  New-road. 

At  St.  James's-place,  Hampstead-road, 
aged  52,  Mnry,  relict  of  C.  Leete,  esq. 
uf  Northumberland-st.  Strand. 

Feb.  23.  In  Hyde  Park-square,  Frances, 
relict  of  James  Wright,  esq.  60th  Reg. 
Mirgeon  to  the  forces  at  Martinique. 

Feb.  24.  In  Upper  Seymour-st.  aged 
59,  Frances,  widow  of  Geo.  Watkin«,e8q. 

At  Lee,  Kent,  aged  68,  James  Young, 
e«q.  one  of  the  Elder  Brethren  of  the 
Trinity  House. 

Susanna,  relict  of  William  Lane,  esq. 
of  Mercers'  Hall. 

Aged  il,  Joseph  Harrison,  esq.  of 
Balbam. 

At  Pentonville,  aged  77,  James  Bell, 
e«q.  late  of  Trowse,  near  Norwich. 

Feb.  2.i.  At  Sydenham,  aged  90,  Has- 
kett  Smith,  esq.  of  Bedford-square. 

Ftb.  20.  At  the  residence  of  her 
daughters,  Kensington,  aged  71,  Char- 
lotte, relict  of  John  Weston  Goss,  esq. 
of  Tcignmouth. 

(fENT.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


At  Clapham,  aged  78,  Josepb  Howlett 
Fenner,  esq. 

Feb.  27.  Aged  .%  Anne,  wife  of 
William  Frederick  Hodgson,  eiq.  df 
Hackney,  eldest  dau.  of  toe  late  Charles 
Piatt  Wilkinson,  esq.  of  Upper  Homer- 
ton,  and  Austin  Friars. 

In  Belgrave- square,  Mary-Anne,  lady 
of  the  Hon.  Col.  Grant,  M.P.  for  El- 
ginshire. She  was  the  only  dau.  of  John 
Charles  Dunn,  esq.  of  Higham  house; 
was  married  in  181 1 ,  and  has  left  a  ou- 
merous  family. 

In  Salisbury-place,  New-road,  Mary 
Ann,  ^ndow  of  Wm.  Winkworth,  esq. 

Feb.  28.  At  Hertford-st.  May-fair, 
Mary,  relict  of  Edw.  Bilke,  esq. 

At  Sydenham,  aged  72,  Tinmouth 
Dixon,  esq.  late  of  New  Bos  well -court. 

Feb.  29.  At  Tottenham  High-croiS» 
aged  76,  John  Marshall,  esq. 

At  Pentonville,  aged  51,  John  Weslej 
Clarke,  esq.  of  the  Record  Office,  Chapter 
House,  Westminster,  and  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Dr.  Adam  Clarke. 

Aged  82,  Richard  Hitchcock,  esq.  of 
Kensington,  an  old  inhabitant  of  th«t 
place. 

Lately.  In  Great  Coram-st.  aged  90, 
John  Tertius  Parkes,  esq. 

In  her  70th  year,  Susan,  relict  of  James 
Cowper,  esq. 

Patrick  Persse,  esq.  of  Brompton, 
who  has  bequeathed  10,000/.  stock  in  the 
Bank  of  England,  to  be  equally  divided 
between  the  Benevolent  Society  of  8t« 
Patrick,  the  Narional  Benevolent  Insti- 
tution, the  Philanthropic  Society,  the  Re- 
fuge for  the  Destitute,  and  the  Indigent 
Blind. 

March  I .  In  Dorset-square,  Jeremiah 
Scully,  esq. 

In  his  70th  year,  William  Wiley,  esq. 
of  Carthusian -St.  Charterhouse- squtre. 

March  2.  At  Battersea  Rise,  md 
24',  Harriet  Maria,  wife  of  Henry  Sykes 
Thornton,  esq. 

In  Manchester-sq.  Sarah,  widow  of 
Samuel  Jones  Vachell,  esq. 

In  her  6th  year,  the  Hon.  BlanclM 
Eliza  Howard,  eldest  dau.  of  Lord  How- 
ard of  Effingham. 

March  3.  Aged  51,  Mr.  Olipbant 
Samuel  Sheen,  ofHolbom-bill,  of  iunass 
occasioned  by  excessive  grief  for  the  un- 
timely and  unfortunate  loss  of  his  eld«it 
son,  Mr.  William  Henry  Sheen,  afsd 
23,  who  was  a  passenger  on  board  X\m 
ship  Tvrian,  which  was  run  down  while 
at  anchor  off  Gravesend  bv  the  stMUi- 
vessel  Manchester  on  the  l3th  Feb. 

March  5.  In  Edmund-street,  Kief's 
Cross,  aged  81,  John  Vamell,  esq. 

At  Burton-st.  Bnrton-crescent,  and 

3  L 


442 


Obituary. 


[  April, 


86,  Judith,  widow  of  Jamei  Devereux 
Hustler. 

March  6.  At  Lambeth,  aged  65, 
George  By,  esq.  of  her  Majesty's  Customs. 

In  his  73rd  year,  Caleb  Welch  Collins, 
esq.  of  Clapham  Rise. 

At  Finsbury. terrace,  aged  90,  Lydia 
Wright,  widow  of  Joseph  Palmer,  esq. 

At  Kensington,  aged  72,  Anthony 
Browne,  esq.  for  many  years  a  member 
of  Parliament,  and  for  nearly  half  a  ccn- 
tury,  and  down  to  the  period  of  his  de- 
cease, agent  for  the  Island  of  Antigua. 
He  was  first  returned  to  Parliament  for 
Hedon  in  1806. 

March  7.  Aged  69,  John  Shearman, 
esq.  of  Harpur-st.  Bloomsbury. 

March  S,  Aged  81,  Euphemia,  relict 
of  Andrew  Birrell,  esq. 

In  Smith-sq.  Westminster,  aged  58, 
Capt.  George  Kendall,  K.M.  He  had 
seen  much  service,  and  was  in  the  memo- 
rable engagements  of  Copenhagen,  the 
Nile,  and  Trafalgar. 

March  10.  The  Comtesse  De  Tour- 
ville,  of  Cambridge-terrace,  Hyde  Park. 

At  Highgate,  aged  65,  William  Crew, 
esq. 

March  11.  Aged  58,  Henry  John 
Rucker,  esq.  of  Clapham-common  and 
Mincing-lane. 

At  his  apartments  in  St.  James's 
Palace,  in  his  74th  year.  Sir  Thomas 
Mash,  for  many  years  attached  to  the 
Lord  Chamberlain's  Office  during  the 
reigns  of  George  III.  and  IV.  and  Wil- 
liam IV.  by  the  last  of  whom  he  was 
knighted  on  his  retirement  from  public 
life. 

At  North-end,  Hempstead,  aged  67, 
Esther- Sewell,  relict  of  Henry  Bankes, 
esq. 

March  12.  At  Clapham,  aged  17, 
Hannah  Matilda,  daughter  of  Gideon 
Algernon  Man  tell,  esq.  LL.D.  F.R.S. 

At  Clapham,  aged  81,  Thomas  Ni- 
cholas  Wittwer,  esq. 

March  13.  At  Wanstead,  aged  76, 
fioswell  Middleton,  esq. 

Aged  66,  Nathaniel  Palmer,  esq.  of 
Aldermanbury,  and  late  of  Streatham. 

At  the  house  of  his  friend  Dr.  Black, 
in  Salisbury. street.  Strand,  aged  72, 
James  Seaton,  esq.  of  Bridge-street, 
Westminster,  master  of  the  Company  of 
Apothecaries,  and  a  director  of  the  West- 
minster Fire  Office.  Hewasanativeofthe 
north  of  Ireland,  was  educated  at  Edin- 
bui^h  m  his  profession,  which  he  success- 
fully practised  in  the  parish  of  St.  Mar- 
garet, Westminster,  for  about  half  a  cen- 
tury. He  was  not  only  the  skilful  medi- 
cal  adviser,  but  the  warm  friend  of  nume- 
rous families,  who  will  long  respect  his 
memory.    He  was  buried  March  21,  at 


St.  Margarets,  where  the  remuns  of  his 
wife  were  deposited  a  few  yews  since. 
He  has  left  no  family. 

In  Wilton.st.  aged  90,  Mrs.  M.  Whit- 
tam,  sister  of  the  late  Geoive  Wbittam, 
esq.  clerk  of  the  Journals  of  the  House 
of  Commons. 

In  Belgrave-st.  Miss  Charlotte  H.  G. 
Mackenzie,  of  Bursledon  House,  Hamp- 
shire. 

March  14.  At  Chiswick  Grove,  Char- 
lotte Lydia  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Septimus 
Burton,  esq.  having  given  birth  to  a  son 
on  the  7th  inst. 

In  Gloucester-place,  aged  32,  Louisa 
Henrietta,  wife  of  John  Kingston,  esq. 
and  sister  to  Sir  Archibald  Edmoustone, 
Bart.  She  was  the  elder  daughter  by  the 
second  marriage  of  the  late  Sir  Chaises 
Edmonstone,  Bart,  with  the  Hon.  Louisa 
Hotham,  youngest  dau.  of  Beaumont  2d 
Lord  Hotham. 

In  Berners-st.  aged  24,  Ellen  Doro- 
thea, wife  of  the  Rev.  William  Hornby, 
of  St.  MichaePs-on-Wyre,  Lancashire. 

In  Brunswick-sq.  aged  50^  H.  Cheape, 
esq. 

March  15.  At  the  house  of  her  uncle, 
James  Vanhouse,  esq.  Camberwell,  aged 
28,  Sophia,  daughter  of  the  late  Mr. 
William  Vanhouse,  of  Mincing-lane. 

March  17.  In  Dorset-sq.  Rebecca- 
Anne,  widow  of  Capt.  E.  Scobell,  R.N. 
of  Poltair  House,  Penzance. 

In  Osnaburgh-terrace,  Regent's  Park, 
aged  59,  Hannah  Maria,  wife  of  Lieut- 
Col.  Maling,  Assistant  MUitary  Secre- 
tary, Horse  Guards. 

At  the  Globe  eating-house,  in  Bow- 
street,  in  a  violent  fit  of  coughiiw,  Mr. 
Dealey,  formerly  for  30  years  in  the 
employment  of  Messrs.  Ives  and  Co. 
Little  Queen-street,  Holbom.  His  wife, 
who  died  some  years  since  in  Switzer- 
land, was  a  novel  writer  of  some  cele- 
brity, under  the  assumed  name  of  Amui 
Maria  Roche. 

March  18.  In  Upper  Montagu-st. 
Mary  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Sheafe 
Gaskin,  esq.  Member  of  her  Majesty's 
Council  in  Barbadoes. 

At  Stamford-hill,  Catharine,  relict  of 
Seth  Thompson,  esq. 

Henry  Barton,  esq.  of  the  Six  Clerks' 
Office,  Chancery-lane. 

Bed^,— March  25.  At  Henlow- 
Grange,  Katharine,  wife  of  Georaa  Ni- 
gel Edwards,  esq.  last  surviving  £in.  of 
Robert  Peers,  esq.  late  of  Chislehampton. 

Berks.— JPe6.  24.  Mariana,  wife  of 
William  Bennett,  esq.  of  Faringdon. 

March  1.  At  Sandhurst,  aged  71* 
Thomas  Leyboume,  esq.  F.RS.,  and 
Senior  Professor  of  Mathematict  at  tibe 


1 840.] 


Obituary. 


443 


Military  College.  In  consequence  of  in- 
firmities be  retired  from  active  duty  in 
Nov.  last. 

March  2.  Frances- Mary,  wife  of  Lion- 
el Hervey,  esq.  of  Woodside,  Winkfield, 
uncle  to  Sir  F.  H.  Hervey  Bathurst, 
Bart,  and  cousin  to  the  Marquess  of  Bris- 
tol.  She  was  a  dau.  of  the  late  Vice- 
Adm.  Thomas  Wells,  was  married  in 
182%  and  has  left  issue  a  son  and  a  dau. 

March  9.  At  Benham. place,  Anna 
Maria,  wife  of  F.  Villebois,  esq.  dau.  of 
Robert  Jones,  esq.  of  Fonmon-castle, 
Glamorgan. 

March  17.  At  Reading,  Sarianne, 
wife  of  Francis  S.  Hurlock,  esq.  young- 
est dau.  of  the  late  Barnard  Cocker,  esq. 
of  Nassau-st.  Soho. 

Bucks. — Feb.  24.  In  his  63rd  year, 
W.  Clarke,  esq.  of  Hambledon,  formerly 
of  (/ompton,  Berks. 

March  2.  At  Broughton,  Sarah,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  Joshua  Cautley. 

March  18.  At  Denham-park,  aged  45, 
the  Hon.  Edward  Perceval.  For  the 
la.st  five  or  six  months  he  had  been  an  in- 
mate of  that  establishment  for  the  insane. 
He  managed,  during  the  temporary  ab- 
sence  of  his  keeper,  to  reach  the  window, 
raise  it  up,  and  cast  himself  therefrom,  a 
height  of  about  40  feet.  He  married  in 
1821  his  cousin  Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Rt.  Hon.  Spencer  Perceval,  but  she 
died  without  issue  in  1824. 

Cambridgi-u — Dt!c.  29.  At  Ely,  aged 
87,  John  Hall,  esq. 

fW/.  8.  At  Leverington,agcd  90,  Mr. 
Abraham  Lehair.  This  worthy  and  ve- 
nerable old  man  had  been  the  school- 
master of  the  village,  and  taught  "  the 
young  idea  how  to  shoot,**  from  the  year 
1779  until  a  few  years  of  his  death,  when 
hi^  5on  was  appointed  his  successor. 

Feb.  17.  At  Suham,  aged  52,  John 
Slack,  es<i. 

Feb.  tli.  At  Fenstanton,  in  his  80th 
year,  James  Mason  Margetts,  gent. 

Feb.  2j.  At  March,  aged  ()8,  Richard 
Matthew,  esq.  solicitor. 

('ursimii:. — March  7.  At  Euton. 
hall,  aged  18  months,  Arthur  Richard, 
youngf>t  son  of  Lord  R.  Grosvenor. 

March  8.  At  Winsford-lodge,  John 
Dudley,  jun.  esa.  the  eldest  son  of  John 
Dudley,  esq.  of  Wharton-lodge. 

CoR.vwAi.L. —  At  Helston,  Dinah,  wife 
of  Peter  Martin,  sexton,  in  her  96th  year. 
Her  husband,  who  survives  her,  is  in  his 
flHth  year,  and  is  able  to  walk  about,  and 
rnid  the  smallest  print  without  spectacles. 
ThiM  couple  had  been  married  iW  years, 

Di;voN.  -Jan,  .'iO.  At  Stonehouse, 
Dcv*»n,  aged  .Vi,  the  widow  of  Mr.  N. 
T.  Carriugton,  author  vl  *•  Dartmoor," 
and  other  poems. 


Feb.  23.  At  Torquay,  in  her  20th 
year,  Margaret  Fleming,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  Sir  James  Montgomery,  of 
Stanhope,  Bart. 

Feb.  24.  At  Teignmouth,  aged  74, 
Mary,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  (rriffith, 
Rector  of  West  Grimstead,  and  Warden 
of  Farley  hospital,  Wilts. 

Feb.  26.  At  Newton  Abbot,  aged  24, 
Joshua  Wm.  Hole,  only  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  William  Hole,  Rector  of  Belstone. 

March  2.  At  Exeter,  aged  27,  John 
Clitsome  Warren,  esq.  only  son  of  J.  W. 
Warren,  esq.  of  Taunton. 

March  6.  At  South  Molton,  aged  48, 
C.  R.  Goring,  esq.  M.D.  This  amiable 
gentleman  had  long  retired  from  the  busy 
scenes  of  life,  and  devoted  his  talents  to  the 
pursuits  of  science  with  very  great  success. 
His  works,  in  conjunction  with  those  of 
Mr.  Andrew  Pritchard,  published  under 
the  titles  of  '*  Microscopic  Illustrations,* ' 
"  Microscopic  Cabinet,*'  and  **  Microgim- 
phia,"  have  long  been  before  the  public, 
and  received  their  due  meed  of  praise. 
For  many  years  he  assiduously  devoted 
himself  to  effecting  improvements  in  the 
microscope,  and  by  bis  writings  and  ex- 
tensive patronage  of  artists,  he  elevated  it 
from  being  a  mere  pUything  to  one  of  the 
most  useful  and  important  instruments 
for  discovering  and  investigating  the  se- 
crets of  nature. 

Lately.  At  Shaftesbury,  aged  82,  Phi. 
lippa  Mary,  widow  of  Wm.  Trenchard, 
esq.  and  daughter  of  the  late  Samuel  Luke 
Angier,  esq.  of  Shaftesbury. 

Dorset.— Fe*.  21.  At  Dorchester, 
Charlton  Byam  Wollaston,  esq.  a  leading 
magistrate  of  the  county,  and  for  many 
years  the  able  Chairman  of  the  Quarter 
Sessions.  He  was  the  son  of  Charlton 
Wollaston,  M.D.  F.R.S.  Physician  to 
the  Queen's  Household,  by  Phillis  Byim, 
was  born  Feb.  16, 1765,  was  of  St.  John's 
college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1786,  M.A. 
1789,  and  called  to  the  bar  at  the  Middle 
Temple  in  1809. 

Durham. — Lately.  At  North  Biddek 
Hall,  aged  83,  Nicholas  Oofton,  esq. 

At  Hurwortb 'house,  near  Darlington, 
in  his  85th  year,  A.  Mowbray,  esq.  many 
vears  receiver- general  to  the  Bishops  of 
l)urham. 

Essex.— f>6.  20.  In  his  2 1st  jrear, 
Arthur  Archibald,  youngest  surviving 
son  of  the  late  Hon.  George  Winn,  M.P. 
of  Warley  Lodge. 

/>&.  21.  At  Star  Stile,  Halsted,  in 
her  6jth  year,  Sarah,  widow  of  John 
Vaizey,  esq. 

lately.  At  Chelmsford,  William  Bes- 
sy, better  known  as  ••  Black  Will,'*  who 
>\'as  in  the  habit  of  carrying  a  Utuikct  of 
oranges  about  Chelmsford,    lliii  mtti 


444 


Obituaby. 


[April, 


lived  in  the  most  wretched  manner,  deny- 
ing himself  the  common  necessaries  of 
Ufet  and  declaring  that  his  poverty  pre- 
vented  his  having  a  fire  in  his  room.  On 
hit  death  he  was  found  to  have  possessed 
800/.  in  the  3per  Cents.,  200/.  Long  An- 
nuities,  and  300/.  in  the  hands  of  Messrs. 
Sparrow,  the  bankers.  He  has  left  the 
money  to  two  brothers  and  the  widow  of 
another, 

March  1.  At  Colchester,  William 
Miison,  esq.  aged  79. 

Oloucebtee. — Feb.  13.  At  Wotton- 
under-Edge,  aged  76,  Samuel  Goodson 
Bauucey,  esq. 

JW^.  17.  At  Downend,  aged  90,  Bar- 
tholomew  Doyle,  esa.  upwards  of  50  years 
a  merchant  at  Bristol. 

Feb,  18.  At  Cheltenham,  Lady  Drake, 
widow  of  Sir  Francis  Henry  Drake. 

Feb.  19.  Aged  73,  Nathan  Windey, 
esq.  of  Bristol. 

March  6.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  81, 
Mary,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Chas.  Plumptre, 
Rector  of  Hougbton-le-Skem. 

March  13.  At  Bristol,  aged  56,  C. 
Hare,  esq. 

Hants. — Jan,  5.  At  Millbrooke, 
near  Newport,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  85, 
Mrs.  Isabella  Syme. 

Jan.  28.  At  Southampton,  aged  19, 
Maigaret  Maria,  daughter  of  A.  La 
Faigue,  esq.  of  Leicester,  and  niece  of 
H.  Holmes,  esq.  of  Romsey. 

Feb.  21.  At  Burton,  Christchurcb, 
from  the  effects  of  a  fall  from  his  horse  in 
June  last,  aged  83,  William  Rowlett,  esq. 
formerly  of  Little  St.  Helen's,  and  more 
recently  of  Warnford  Court,  London. 

Feb.  25.  At  Westbury  House,  Ara- 
bella Cecil,  wife  of  the  Hon.  T.  W.  Gage, 
and  daughter  of  the  late  Thos.  Wil- 
liam St.  Quintin,  esq.  of  Scampston  Hall, 
Yorkshire. 

Feb.  29.  At  Southampton,  aged  77, 
Mr.  William  Pardy,  formerly  an  eminent 
builder  of  that  town. 

Aged  67,  John  *Goolding  Seymour, 
esq.  banker,  of  Bishop's  Waltbam. 

Lately.  Captain  John  Terry,  fourth 
son  of  the  late  T.  Terry,  esq.  of  Dummer 
House. 

March  14.  At  Southampton,  aged  56, 
John  Webb  Weston,  esq.  of  Sutton 
Place,  near  Guilford,  Surrey. 

March  16.  At  Portsea,  aged  83,  Mary, 
relict  of  James  Hancock,^  esq. 

Herts. — March  14.  At  the  residence 
of  her  son-in-law,  A.  L.  Ffeil,  esq.  of 
Willenhall  House,  East  Barnet,  in  her 
89th  year,  Ann,  relict  of  Richard  Parkes, 
esq.  of  Luton. 

Huntingdon.— F«ft.  18.  At  the  house 
of  her  brother-in-law,  David  Veasey, 
esq.  Huntingdon,  Jane,  second  daughter 


of  the  late  Ingram  Chapawn,  esq.  of 
Whitby. 

March  12.  At  Hartford,  near  llunt- 
ingdon,  aged  72,  H.  J.  Nicholls,  esq. 
a  Deputv  Lieutenant,  and  in  the  commis- 
sion of  the  peace  for  the  counties  of  Gam« 
bridge,  Huntingdon,  Lincoln,  and  Nor- 
folk. 

Kent. — Fei.  22.  At  Folkington,  aged 
73,  Charles  Harrison,  esq. 

Feb.  24.  At  the  house  of  his  son,  Dr. 
Miller,  Gravesend,  aged  70,  Samuel  Mil- 
ler, the  elder,  esq. 

Lately.  At  Tunbridge  Wells,  Mr.  J. 
H.  Fry.  He  filled  the  office  of  Trea- 
surer  to  the  Dispensary  from  its  forma- 
tion, and  had  also  been  for  many  years 
one  of  the  Secretaries  to  the  Tunbridge 
Wells  Bible  Society,  and  mainly  instru- 
mental in  the  establishment  of  many  of 
the  societies  in  the  neighbourhood.  He 
has  left  a  widow,  but  had  lost  all  his 
children  in  early  life,  except  one,  the  pre- 
sent Rector  of  Sumpting. 

Nov.  29.  A  t  Chatham,  aged  72,  Com- 
mander Nathaniel  Belchier,  R.N.  As  % 
midshipman  he  was  a  messmate  of  the 
late  King.  He  obtained  the  rank  of 
Lieut.  1794,  and  commanded  the  boats 
of  the  Trent  32,  at  the  caj^ture  and  de- 
struction of  a  Spanish  ship  and  three 
schooners  at  Pprto  Rico,  in  March  1797. 
He  received  the  Turkish  gold  medal  for 
his  services  off  Egypt,  and  he  is  highly 
commended  in  a  letter  of  Capt.  6.  Muler, 
of  the  Thetis,  reporting  thecaptureof  Le 
Nisus  corvette,  and  the  destruction  of  the 
fortification  of  Des  Hayes,  at  Guadaloupe, 
in  1809.  He  was  advanced  to  the  rank 
of  Commander  while  serving  as  first  qf 
the  Neptune  98  at  the  Leeward  Islands, 
Oct.  21,  1810.  He  married  in  1803  the 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Brywt,  of 
Newport,  Essex,  and  became  a  widower 
in  1830. 

March  5.  At  the  seat  of  Lord  Wyn- 
ford,  near  Chiselhurst,  aged  72,  the  R(. 
Hon.  Mary- Anne  Lady  Wynford.  Her 
Ladyship  was  the  second  daughter  of 
Jerome  Knapp,  esq.  was  married  to  Lord 
Wynford  in  1794,  and  had  a  very  nu- 
merous family. 

Aged  74},  James  Barnes,  esq.  of 
Bough  ton -under- Blean. 

March  6.  At  Dover,  in  her  25th  yp^f 
Emily,  the  wife  of  G.  R.  JarviSy  esq. 
and  daughter  of  the  Rev.  the  Cbaacellor 
of  Lincoln  Cathedral. 

March  7.  At  Borden,  aged  68,  Mn. 
Vesey,  relict  of  Capt.  Vesey,  R.N. 

March  9.  At  Ramsgate,  aged  00, 
Mrs.  Mary  Ann  Rider|  daughter  of  In- 
gram Rider,  esq.  of  Boughton-place. 

March  14.  At  Shorne,  Ifield,  aged  77, 
Jarvis  Noakes,  esq. 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


445 


March  18.  Aged  71,  Thomas  Starr, 
esq.  of  Canterbury. 

LANCASiiiaE.— F(pA.  29.  Aged  50, 
Lieut.  R.  Low,  R.N.  Government  emi- 
gration agent  at  Liverpool  for  the  last 
seven  years. 

Lately.  At  Feamhead,  near  Warring- 
ton, Mr.  James  Cropper,  a  distinguished 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and 
the  principal  partner  in  the  firm  of  Crop- 
per, Benson,  and  Co.  merchants,  of 
Liverpool. 

Lkickster. — March  17.  At  her  bro- 
ther's, the  Rev.  James  Beresford,  Rector 
of  Kibworth,  Mrs.  Parsons,  wife  of 
Samuel  Parsons,  esq.  of  North-crescent, 
Bed  ford- sq. 

Feb.  19.  At  Belminsthorpe,  near 
Stamford,  aged  73,  Nathan  Croke  We- 
theiell,  esq.  B.C.L.  senior  Fellow  of 
University  college,  son  of  the  Rev.  Na- 
than Wetherell,  D.D.  Master  of  that 
Society  from  1764  to  1808,  and  brother 
to  Sir  Charles  Wetherell.  The  deceased 
had  been  for  45  years  in  lodgings  in  the 
village  of  Belminsthorpe,  under  the  me- 
dical care  of  Dr.  Willis.  He  took  his 
degree  of  xM.A.  Oct.  11,  1790,  and 
B.C.L.  Dec.  7,  1795. 

MiDDLKSKX. — Feb.  1(3.  At  Ashford, 
aged  70,  G.  S.  Segel,  esq. 

Feb.  20,  At  Cranford,  affedGI,  William 
Cane,  esq.  formerlvof  Pall  Mall. 

March  1.  At  the  Lodge,  Hillingdon, 
John  Cbippindale,  esq.  aged  77. 

Norfolk.— AfarcA  7.  At  Great  Var- 
moutb,  Harriott,  daughter  of  the  late 
Robert  Hrettingham,  esq.  of  Norwich, 
and  aunt  to  the  lady  of  Sir  Robert 
Smirke. 

Match  '2.  At  his  father's,  Swettisbam, 
aged  '^1,  Mr.  John  Lyas  Bishop,  late 
student  uf  King's  college,  London. 

NoaTiiA-MiTO.v. — Dec.  31.  At  Petcr- 
Inirough,  aged  S'^f  Mrs.  Catharine  Wes. 
ton. 

March  17.  At  Kettering,  aged  90, 
William  Roughton,  sen.  esq. 

NoRTHL'MBKiii.ANi). — Lately.  At  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne, aged  71,  Sir  Robert 
Shaft o  1  lawks.  He  received  the  honour 
of  knighthood  the  21st  April,  1817. 

Feb.  29.  At  Bcdlington,  aged  110, 
Mrs.  Mary  Lorimcr.  She  }>erfectly  re- 
membered the  rebellion  of  1746,  at  which 
time  she  was  in  service  at  Morpeth. 

Notts. — Feb.  18.  At  Wigtborpe,  near 
Worksop,  aged  90,  the  relict  of  the  Rev. 
Richard  Alorton,  Vicar  of  East  Retford. 

Oxford.— f>A.  29.  At  Cornwall 
House,  near  Chipping  Norton,  Harriot, 
third  daughter  of  toe  Ute  Francis  Penys- 
ton,  esq. 

Henrietta,  wife  of  the  Rev.  T.  E. 
Colston,  Vicar  of  BroadweU. 


At  Oxford,  at  the  house  of  her  son-in- 
law  James  Young,  esq.  aged  52,  Mrs. 
Servante. 

March  1 .  Aged  84,  Sarah,  the  wife  of 
Robert  Speakman,  esq.  of  Oxford. 

March  15.  Aged  27,  Louisa,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  James  Guillemard,  Vicar  of 
Kirtlingtou. 

Salop.— #^3.  13.  At  Preston  Mont- 
ford,  near  Shrewsbury,  Emily  Lissey, 
wife  of  Sir  F.  B.  HiU,  K.T.S.  youngest 
daughter  of  the  late  T.  J.  Powys,  esq. 
of  Berwick-house. 

Somerset.— Fci.  4.  At  Glastonbury, 
Mr.  Bulleid,  draper,  of  that  place ;  he 
threw  himself  from  the  tower  of  the 
church,  a  height  120  feet,  and  was  killed 
upon  the  spot.  Pecuniary  difficulties  had 
long  preyed  upon  his  mind. 

Feb.  21.  At  the  residence  of  his 
uncle,  Bath,  Ellis  Puget  Kitson,  M.A., 
of  Balliol  college,  Oxford,  only  son  ot 
Lieut.- Col.  Kitson,  26th  Madras  N.  Inf. 
He  entered  as  Commoner  of  Balliol  in 
1831 ;  at  his  examination  in  Michaelmas 
Term,  1834,  he  wta  placed  in  the  third 
class  in  Literis  Humauiorihttt  and  also  m 
DuciplinU  MathematietM  ei  Phyneis.  He 
took  the  degree  of  B.A.  1835,  M.A^ 
1838. 

Feb.  27.  At  his  Other's  residence, 
Perry  mead,  Thomas  Cruttwell,  esq.  of 
Doctors*  Commons,  eldest  surviving  ion 
of  R.  S.  Cruttwell,  esq.  Mayor  of  Bath. 

In  his  66th  year,  William  Kent,  esq.  of 
Bathwick  Hill. 

Feb.  29.  At  Bath,  aged  69,  Alicia 
Harriot,  relict  of  the  Rev.  H.  F.  MUla, 
Chancellor  of  York  Minster,  and  third 
daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Markham,  Arch- 
bishop of  York. 

March  3.  At  Stone  Easton,  aged  71, 
Samuel  Harris,  esu. 

March  7.  At  Mendip  Lodge,  aged  39, 
Mary- Agnes,  wife  of  LieuL- Colonel  W. 
Fawcett;  also,  on  the  9th,  Mary- Albioia, 
her  infant  daughter. 

March  16.  At  Bath,  aged  65,  Mary- 
Anne,  relict  of  Thomas  Boultbee,  esq. 

SvrtoLK.— Feb.  13.  Aged  7l,  John 
Hoy,  esq.  of  Stoke-by-Nayland. 

Slrrev.— Dec.  29.  At  Reigate,  in 
his  80th  year,  Wm.  Turner,  esq.  formerly 
of  Demerara. 

March  4.  At  Barnes,  in  her  18th  year, 
the  Lady  Alicia  Hope,  daughter  of  John, 
fourth  Earl  of  Hopetown. 

March  6.  At  Richmond,  Lady  Annt 
Bingham,  aunt  to  the  present  Earl  of 
Lucan,  and  sister  to  toe  late  Lavinia 
CountcKS  Spencer. 

March  11.  At  Egham,  aged  74,  Ann 
Thom^sine  Havnes,  wife  of  Robert 
Uaynes,  esq.  of  Barbadocs. 


^ 


446 


OfllTtJARY. 


[April, 


March  1 4.  Aged  68,  Felix  Ladbroke, 
esq.  of  Hedley. 

March  15.  Anna- Maria,  wife  of  Cbas. 
Barclay,  esq.  Bury  Hill,  near  Dorking. 

Sussex.— Fc*.  22.  Aged  74,  Charles 
Harrison,  esq.  of  Folkington,  justice  of 
the  peace  for  the  county. 

Feb,  25.  At  Shoreham,  aged  39,  Mr. 
Frank  Bridger,  brother  to  H.  C.  Bridger, 
esq.  of  Buckingham-place. 

Feb.  26.  At  Park-place,  Worthing, 
Mrs.  Cartwright,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Ed- 
ward Cartwright,  of  Leominster,  F.S.A. 
the  author  of  the  History  of  the  Rape  of 
Bramber.  She  was  his  second  wife, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Tredcroft, 
married  in  1808,  and  left  a  widow  with 
three  sons,  in  1833  (see  Gent.  Mag.  vol. 
cm.  i.  375,  652.) 

Feb.  28.  At  Woodmancote-place,  aged 
80,  John  Dennett,  esq. 

Feb.  29.  At  Hastings,  Elizabeth  Ann 
Watson,  only  child  of  the  Rev.  J.  Lister, 
of  Stanley,  near  Wakefield,  Yorkshire. 

Lately.  At  Worthing,  aged  85,  Mrs. 
D.  Venner,  eldest  dau.  of  K.  Venner, 
esq.  formerly  of  Bosenden,  Kent. 

March  5,  Aged  59,  John  Seaward, 
esq.  His  remains  were  interred  on  the 
11th,  at  Wisborougb-green. 

March  6.  At  Brighton,  aged  74,  Na- 
thaniel Snell,  esq.  of  Gloucester- place. 

March  7.  At  Petworth,  aged  80, 
Charlotte,  relict  of  Richard  Bragg  Blag- 
den,  esq. 

March  13.  At  Brighton,  in  his  78th 
year,  George  Bridges,  esq.  formerly  Al- 
derman of  Lime  Street  Ward,  to  which 
he  was  elected  in  1811.  He  was  Sheriff 
of  London  and  Middlesex  in  1816,  Lord 
Mayor  in  1819,  and  one  of  the  Members 
for  the  city  in  the  Pai'liament  of  1825-26. 
He  resigned  his  gown  in  1826. 

Warwick. — March  2.  At  Leamington 
Spa,  aged  55t  William  Tenison,  of  co. 
Monaghan,  esq. 

March  5.  At  Stratford-upon-Avon, 
aged  18,  John  Bowyer  W^ynn,  eldest  son 
of  John  Branston  Freer,  esq. 

March  10.  At  Edgbaston,  in  his  25th 
year,  Thomas  CJotterell  Scholefield,  son 
of  Joshua  Scholefield,  esq.  M.P.  for 
Birmingham. 

At  Birmingham,  Mr.  Charles  Pember- 
ton,  lecturer  on  elocution.  He  was  for- 
merly an  actor  at  Covent  Garden,  where 
he  represented  Hamlet,  Virginius,  and 
several  other  characters.  In  the  year  1 832, 
33,  and  34,  hecontributed  a  series  of  papers 
to  the  Monthly  Repository,  entitled  Au- 
tobiography of  Pal  Verjuice,  which  was 
believed  to  shadow  forth  some  of  the  vi- 
cissitudes of  his  own  early  life.  In  1833 
he  delivered  a  series  of  lectures  at  the 
London  Institution,  on  the  rules  and  na- 


ture of  Oratory,  and  be  was  tbougfat  to 
shine  much  more  as  a  critic  than  as  an 
actor.  He  was  also  the  author  of  some 
unpublished  dramas  and  lyrical  tales,  with 
which  his  lectures  were  occasionally  en- 
livened. 

March  12.  At  Kenilworth,  Mrs.  Re- 
becca Bird,  sister  of  the  late  W.  W.  Bird, 
esq.  formerly  M.P.  for  Coventry. 

Westmorland.  —  Feb.  16.  At  Big- 
gins, near  Kirkby  Lonsdale,  aged  71, 
Ed>\'ard  Rawlinson,  esq.  for  53  yean 
agent  to  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

Lately.  At  Appleby,  aged  80,  Mar- 
garet,  relict  of  J.  Hill,  esq.  Deputy 
Lieut,  of  Westmorland. 

March  13.  At  Temple  Sowerby,  aged 
78,  Jane,  relict  of  John  Jackson,  esq. 

Wilts. — March  14.  At  Salisbury, 
H.  W.  Markbam,  esq. 

York.— Fei.  10.  At  Little  Wood- 
house,  near  Leeds,  Francis  Thooaas 
Billam,  esq.  formerly  of  the  62d  foot. 

Feb.  16.  At  Hampball  Stubs,  aged  54, 
George  Broadrick,  esq.  of  that  place«  and 
of  Ottrington  Hall,  one  of  her  Majesty's 
Jusricesofthe  Peace  for  the  West  Riding 
of  Yorkshire,  and  also  for  the  counties  of 
Nottingham  and  Lincoln.  He  was  for- 
merly  a  Fellow  of  Jesus  college,  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  graduated  B.  A.  1805  as 
5th  Junior  Optime,  M.A.  1808;  and 
he  was  called  to  the  bar  at  Lincoln's  Inn, 
on  the  23rd  June  1817. 

Feb.  28.  At  Bridlington,  aged  78^ 
Bryan  Taylor,  esq. 

Feb.  29.  EUza,  the  wife  of  R.  J. 
Thompson,  esq.  of  Kirby  Hall. 

March  1 .  At  Reednes8,aged  78^  John 
Egremont,  esq.  for  many  years  an  active 
magistrate  for  the  West  Riding.  He  was, 
in  his  early  days,  a  great  admirer  of 
Charles  Fox,  and  he  retained  to  the  last 
an  unceasing  desire  for  the  support  and 
spread  of  liberal  principles.  In  proof  of 
this  may  be  mentioned  his  ardent  support 
of  Earl  Fitzwilliam,  when  Lord  Milton, 
in  the  memorable  contest  against  the 
house  of  Harewood,  and  on  several  occa- 
sions afterwards,  his  active  exerrions  for 
Lord  Morpeth,  and  more  especially  for 
Daniel  Gaskell,  esq.  the  first  member  for 
Wakefield. 

March  2.  Mrs.  Hannah  Dodgson,  of 
Herodwell,  near  Halifax,  aged  105  years 
and  seven  months;  this  venerable  lady 
has  left  eight  children,  63  grandchildren, 
and  16*1  great-grandchildren. 

March  2.  At  W^hitby,  aged  78,  Wil- 
liam Chapman,  esq.  brother  of  Aaron 
Chapman,  esq.  M.P.  for  Whitby. 

March  4.  At  York,  at  an  advanced 
age,  Charies  Liddell,  esq.  formerly  pro- 
prietor of  the  lead  works.  He  served 
the  office  of  Sheritf  for  that  city  in  ]822, 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


447 


Wai  ES.— /Vi.  22.  Aged  70,  Richard 
Jebb,  esq.  of  Rhiwlas,  Denbigh,  nearly 
•U)  years  agent  of  the  late  Viscount  Dun- 
gannon. 

Lately.  At  Llanferry,  Carmarthen, 
Anne,  wife  of  E.  Bevan,  M.D. 

At  Brecon,  Walter  Churchey,  esq. 

Scotland. — Feb.  4.  At  Ingleston, 
Strathmore,  Andrew  Dalgairns,  esq. 

Feb.  2.3.  At  Sanquhar,  Robert  Barker, 
esq.  late  Captain  of  the  20th  Foot,  and 
of  the  Rifle  Brigade. 

At  Edinburgh,  in  his  80th  year,  James 
(Jentle,  esq.  S.S.C. 

At  Auchterarder,  J.  Smeaton,  esq.  of 
Colli,  in  his  95th  year. 

March  2.  At  Eaglescorne,  aged  6, 
William  FVancis,  youngest  son  of  Lieut. - 
Gen.  the  Hon.  P.  Stuart. 


Irfland.  —  Feb,  17.  At  Lismore 
Castle,  William  Samuel  Currey,  esq.  for. 
merly  Lieut.- Col.  of  the  54th  regt. 

At  Ennis,  Miss  Macnamara,  sister  of 
the  late  Colonel  Francis  Macnamara,  of 
Moyreisk,  Clare. 

Abroad. — July  28.  On  board  the 
Anna  Robertson,  proceeding  on  her  voy- 
age from  London  to  South  Australia, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Morton,  wife  of  E. 
Morton,  esq.,  sixth  daughter  of  General 
Walker,  Lime- Park,  Devonshire. 

Oct.  11.  Drowned  in  an  attempt  to 
reach  the  shore  from  the  wreck  of  the 
Sunda.  off  the  N.  Coast  of  Hainan,  in  the 
China  Seas,  aged  55,  James  Ilbery, 
esq,  of  Clement's  Lane,  and  Doughty-st. 
Also,  in  the  same  wreck,  James  Macpher. 
son,  esq.  with  his  wife,  and  infant. 


Christened. 
Males         676 
Females     664 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  Feb.  18  to  March  24,  1840. 


1340 


Buried.  ^  2  and    5  ill 

Males         606  Kgj.  =  t    5  and  10    59 
Females     638  T^**  S  7  JO  and  20    45 

I  J  20  and  30    87 
Whereof  have  died  under  two  years  old.. .279   cp  f  30  and  40  128 

^40  and  50  127 


I 


50  and  60  119 
60  and  70  144 
70  and  80  99 
80  and  90  41 
90  and  100 


5 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  March  27. 


Wheat. 
i.  d. 
67    0 


Barley. 
t.     d. 

38     9 


Oats. 

M.     d. 

25    0 


Rye. 
/.     d. 

37     3 


Beans. 

s.     d. 

40    3 


Peas. 
«•     d, 

40    2 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,   March  27. 
Sussex  Pockets,  21.  Of.  to  31.  St.— Kent  Pockets,  21.  2#.  to  6/.  Off. 


PRICE   OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  March  27. 
Hay,  31.  15*.  to  4/.  17/.  6d Straw,  1/.  18#.  to  21.  4*.— Clover,  4/.  10*.  to  5/.  17*.  6rf. 

SMITHFIELD,  March  27.     To  sink  the  Offal—per  stone  of  81b8. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  March  27. 

Beasts.... 421     Calves  130 

Sheep 2910    Pigs    356 


Beef 

3i. 

6d.  to  4«. 

lOd. 

Mutton 

U. 

Id.  to  5/. 

2d. 

Veal 

5f. 

Od.  to  6i. 

Od. 

Pork 

4*. 

6d.  to  5i. 

4^. 

COAL  MARKET,  March  27. 
Walls  Ends,  from  16*.  Od.  to  24*.  6d.  per  ton.     Other  sorts  from  17*.  Od.  to  24f.  6d, 

TALLOW,  per  cwt.— Town  Tallow,  56*.  6rf.     Yellow  Russia,  53*. 
CANDLES,  8*.  Od.  per  doz.     Moulds,  9/.  6d. 

PRICES  OF  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Brothers,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 

23,  Change  Alley,  Comhill. 

Birmingham   Canal,  217. EUcsmere  and     Chester,  82. Grand   Junction 

165. Kennet  and  Avon,  26J. i^eds  and  Liverpool,   760. Regent's,    12. 

Rochdale,  105. London  Dock  Stock,  66i. St.  Katharine's,  101. East 

and   West  India,  105. Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railwav,  183. Grand  Junc- 
tion Water  Works,  66^. West  Middlesex,  96. Globe  Insurance,    128. 

(ruardian,  37|. Hope,  5|. Chartered  Gas,  56. Imperial  Gas,  53^. 

Phoenix  Gas,  dO^. Independent  Gas.  50. General  United  Gas,  35. Canada 

Land  Company,  33.— -Reversionary  Interest,  134. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIART,  bt  W.  CARY,  SrHAirb. 
Awa  FUnarp  S6  ta  ManH^,  1840,  fort  Inehuhn. 


Wither. 

3^1 

Mar 

doad; 

12 

Mr 

13 

D[oudr,aTiDtr 

14 

bir 

15 

do. 

IS   m 

do. 

17 

do. 

18 

do.  cloudy 

19 

do. 

80 

do. 

81 

do. 

82 

do. 

23 

do. 

81 

do. 

25 

mn.  cloady 

DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS, 
Pran  ntmary  87  lo  Mere*  86,  1S40,  iolh  inehuivt. 


'.  X,  KICHOLE  AMD  lOff  FKINIB&B,  25,  fAUIAliXm-KnEET, 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

MAY,  1840. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONTENTS.  ,j,„ 

Minor  Correspondence. — Partition  of  the  Mowbray  Inheritance  between 
Howard  and  Berkeley. — Monumenta  Anglicana. — Agas's  Map   of  Dun- 

wich,  &c.  &c 450 

Visits  TO  Remarkable  Places,  &c.     By  W.  Howitt 4M 

Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature.     By  Thomas  Green,  Esq.  of  Ipswich 458 

Church  of  St.  Bartholomew  and  St.  Benet  Fink,  London  fiw'M  a  View) 461 

Narrative  of  the  Sufferings  of  Mrs.  Foster,  a  Recusant,  at  York 465 

Review  of  Publications  respecting  Junius,  and  the  authenticity  of  *'  Junius*s 

Miscellaneous  Letters" 467 

Carved  Ceiling  at  Black  Boy  Inn,  Chelmsford  (trt'M  CutM) 469 

The  Council  of  Trent,  and  Struggles  of  Ciril  and  Ecclesiastical  Authority.. ..  471 

The  Emperor  Ferdinand  I.  and  Cassander.— Bossuet's  Exposition 47S 

The  Arrangements  of  the  State  Paper  Office •.....•  473 

Mr.  Burgon  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakspeare 474 

Elucidation  of  a  Passage  in  Plato's  Banquet 480 

Some  Particulars  respecting  Official  Maces •  481 

Maces  in  Courts  of  Law  ;  and  as  a  military  weapon 485 

Defence  of  the  Character  of  Dr.  Jortin •  ib. 

Vindication  of  the  Rev.  S.  Bishop,  Master  of  Merchant-Taylor*s  School 487 

Mutilation  of  Exchequer  Records,  with  specimens,  six. — 

Expenses  of  Prisoners  in  the  Tower,  1568 490 

Charges  of  Serjeant  Puckering,  in  the  Queen's  serrice,  1586 491 

Pay  of  the  Queen's  Ships  in  the  Narrow  Seas,  1595 492 

Messages  performed  for  Charles  Prince  of  Wales,  1620 493 

Persons  touched  for  the  King's  Eril,  1667 ih. 

Petition  of  Edward  Cocker  to  the  Lord  Treasurer H, 

C  ertiAcate  of  Earl  of  Rochester's  death,  1680 494 

Receipt  of  Sir  Richard  Steele  for  a  Free  Gift,  1714 ib. 

Sale  of  Exchequer  Records,  at  Sotheby's  auction  rooms 495 

Poetry. — Lines  to  Eton,  by  the  Marqnets  Wellesley •  •  •  496 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATION& 
The  New  General  Biographical  Dictionary,  497  ;  Dt,  Wilson's  Notices  of  the 
Fabric  and  Glebe  of  St  Mary,  Aldermary,  503 ;  Jones's  Cathedral  Bell,  a 
Tragedy,  504 ;  Bulwer's  Sea  Captain,  ib, ;  Hunter's  Ecclesiastical  Docu- 
ments, 505  ;    Kemp's  Nine  Dales'  Wonder,  507  ;  Bloomfteld's  Lexicon 

of  the  New  Testament,  510;  Encharistica 511 

FINE  ARTS.— Exhibition  of  Uie  British  Institution ik. 

LITERARY   AND    SCIENTIFIC    INTELLIGENCE.— New  Publications, 

51*2 ;  Learned  Societies,  513  ;  The  Martyrs'  Memorial  at  Oxford 514 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— Society  of  Antiquaries,  518  ;  Bronte 
Statue  at  the  British  Museum,  ib,\  Sculptures  of  the  Parthenon,  519; 
Roman  Coins  at  Pevensey,  Old  House  at  Shoreditch,  590 ;  Roman  Hypo- 

caust  at  Huddersfteld,  531  ;  French  Antiquarian  Intelligence 583 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 

Parliamentary  Proceedings,  536  ;  Foreign  News,  530. — Domestic  Occurrencei  533 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  534. — Births,  535. — Marriages 535 

OniTrARY;  with  .Memoirs  of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough;  Earl  ofEnnls- 

killen  ;  Earl  of  Morley  ;  Rt.  Hon.   Sir  George  Hewitt,  Bart. ;  Adm.  Sir 

Harry  B.  Neale,  Bart. ;  Gen.  Sir  Josiah  Champagne ;  Rear-Adm.  Tatham  ; 

Rear. Adm.  RoUes;  J.  T.  P.  B.  Treranion,  Esa.  ;  C.  B.  WoUaston,  Em).  ; 

Rev.  Dr.  Goodall ;  Sir  Jeffry  WyatriUe ;  T.  Darnell,  Esq. ;  M.  Prerost  ...537—551 

I)f. ATHS  arranged  in  Counties 551 

Bill  of  Mortality-MarkeU— Prices  of  Shares,  557— Meteorological  Diary-Stocks  559 

Embellished  with  a  View  of  the  Chuechbe  of  St.  Baetbolom bw  and  St.  Bbnb't 

Fink,  Lohpom  ;  md  lUpretmHtions  of  the  Boegw  of  t  cdUng  at  ftg  BtACK  Bot« 

CaiUfttFOED. 


460 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Partition  of  the  Mowbray  Inheritanee 
between  Howard  and  Berkeley. — Collins 
says,  that  in  15  Hen.  VII.  Thos.  Howard, 
Duke  of  Norfolk,  made  partition  with 
Maurice,  surviving  brother  of  William 
Marquess  of  Berkeley,  of  the  lands  that 
came  to  them  by  inheritance,  by  right  of 
their  descent,  from  the  coheirs  of  Mow- 
bray, Duke  of  Norfolk,  and  refers  for  his 
authority  as  follows  : — 
Covnmuu.  de  t.  Patch.  \5Hen,  7.  Roi,  1. 
which  is  evidently  taken  fh>m  Dugdale, 
who  has  nearly  the  same  words,  and  gives 
the  same  reference  for  his  authority  in 
the  margin  of  his  work.  On  ej^amination 
of  the  Roll  referred  to  amongst  the 
Common  Pleas  enrolments,  the  docu- 
ment  is  not  to  be  found.  A  search  at 
the  Chapter  House  and  in  the  Exchequer 
has  not  been  successful.  As  the  Parti- 
tion was  a  proceeding  of  some  import- 
ance at  the  time,  and  may  contitin  some 
accurate  facts  respecting  the  co-heirs  of 
Mowbray,  any  of  our  readers  who  may 
have  met  with  it,  or  can  afford  a  clue  to 
the  roll  referred  to  by  Dugdale,  will 
oblige  the  inquirer  by  communicating  anpr 
information  upon  the  subject,  F.  E, 

Monumenta  Anglicana*  —  A  Corres- 
pondent suggests  that  few  undertakings 
would  be  more  desirable,  in  conne&ion 
vrith  topographical  inquiries*  than  to  or- 
ganise  some  arrangement  by  which  the 
numberless  Monumental  Inscriptions,  oa- 
nually  perishing  in  our  churchet  from 
dampf  neglectt  and  wilful  mutilation^  may 
be  preserved  to  our  posterity  in  print,  or,  at 
least,  in  manuscript.  In  counties  which 
have  already  found  historians,  and  which 
nre  well  known,  this  step  is  not  requisite : 
but  in  those,  not  so  fortunately  situated, 
the  sooner  the  ravages  of  time  are  thwart- 
ad  the  better.  If  the  Society  of  Antiqua- 
ries, the  legitimate  mainspring  of  such  a 
movement,  cannot  or  will  not  come 
forward  and  employ  its  purse  to  do  this 
work,  let  a  Society  be  formed  pro  tern* 
porey  and  let  that  Society,  when  it  has 
collected  the  materials,  either  print  them 
or  hand  them  over  in  MS.  to  the  Bri- 
tish Museum,  if  possible,  with  an  index. 
For  the  sake  of  expedition  I  would  even 
be  content,  at  iirst»  to  have  the  few  names 
and  dates  on  the  monuments,  and  the 
armorial  bearings,  than  to  wa\t  for  an 
elaborate  inquiry  into  all  the  architectural 
details  of  the  building. 

L.  is  informed  that  the   Rev.  G.  H. 
Glasse  was  the  author  of  the  Latin  trans- 


lation of  «  Miss  Bailey.**    It  is  printed 
in  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  Ixxv.  750. 

Agas's  map  of  Dunwich  (see  Oct.  p. 
349)  was  engraved  in  Grardner's  History 
of  that  town,  4to.  1754.  A  copy  drawn 
by  Isaac  Johnson  of  Woodbridge  is  also 
now  before  me,  taken  <*  From  a  MS. 
copy,  formerly  in  the  oossetston  of  Mr. 
Gardner,  Author  of  tne  History  of  that 
town."  It  is  surrounded  by  inscriptions ; 
at  one  side  is  the  account  of  the  town, 
in  English,  which  Gardner  has  printed  at 
p.  80  of  his  History.  On  the  other  u^ 
and  in  three  other  vacant  spots  are  varie 
ous  extracts  from  Latin  records,  entitled 
**  Qusidam  annotationes  sumpta  ex  an- 
tiq.  monumentis  evident,  vil.  de  Dunwic 
specif,  quasd^libertates  consuet.  et  privil. 
ejosd.  villa.**  Some  of  these  Gardiner  has 
printed  at  pp.  13, 14,  of  his  work,  and  of 
the  others  he  has  no  doubt  elsewhere 
made  use.  J.  G.  N. 

The  Christian  Remembrancer  for 
August,  1832,  p.  497,  states,  »  Another 
Church  Bell  of  GIom  has  been  cast  in 
Sweden ;  its  diameter  is  six  feet,  and  its 
tone  is  said  to  be  beyond  comparison 
finer  than  that  of  any  metal  belL**  A.C. 
inquires  whether  any  of  our  correspon- 
dents  can  give  a  more  detailed  account  of 
this  description  of  Bell  ? 

E.  G.  B.  says,  in  looking  recently  into 
the  Harl.  MSS.No.7017,art.5l,  hefound 
a  document  bearing  the  following  title  in 
the  Catalogue,  <<  Description  of  a  Picture 
representing  a  Mausoleum  or  sepulchral 
Monument  of  King  Henry  Damly, 
husband  of  Mary  Q.  of  Scotland,  and 
father  of  K.  James  VI.  of  that  Kingdom, 
first  of  Great  Britain,  b^  Mr.  James  An- 
derson. This  picture  is  now  in  tlie  pos- 
session of  the  iTari  of  Pomfret,  81  pages, 
fairly  written.**  This  picture  is. alluded 
to  bv  Bridges  in  his  Historv  of  Northamp- 
tonshire, as  being  at  Elaston  Neston, 
from  whence  Mr.  Baker,  in  his  more 
recent  work,  states  it  to  have  disappeared. 
As  it  seems  to  have  been  a  very  singular 
specimen  of  the  allegorical  style  of  art  of 
the  16th  century,  and  possesses  several 
points  of  historical  interest,  our  corrta- 
pondent  is  anxious  to  ascertain,  if  pos- 
sible, in  whose  possession  it  at  praent 
remains,  or  whether  it  passed  to  Oxford 
with  the  ancient  marbles  from  the  man. 
sion,  through  Louisa,  widow  of  Thomas 
1st  Earl  of  Pomfret,  as  mentioned  by 
Baker.  ' 


THE 


GENTL.EMAN'S     MAGAZINE. 


VISITS  TO  REMARKABLE  PLACES,  Sec. 
By  W.  HowiTT.  8vo. 

THIS  volume  is  pleasantly  vnitten  and  elegantly  illastrated.  It  is  true 
that  Mr.  Howitt's  knowledge  does  not  appear  to  as  to  equal  his  enthusi- 
asm, and  he  is  somewhat  too  romantiG  and  florid  for  our  taste  ;  his  extracts 
also  from  historical  records  and  biographical  accounts  are  too  long,  seeing 
that  they  are  arc  not  drawn  from  any  curious  or  remote  inquiries,  but  are 
familiar  to  roost  readers  -,  but  his  work^  notwithstanding  these  alleged 
defects,  wc  have  no  doubt,  will  be  favourably  received  by  the  great  patron 
of  authors — the  public.  We  shall  make  a  rew  remarks  in  our  matter-of- 
fact  manner  ;  acting  like  a  humble  but  useful  drag-chain,  to  prevent  the 
wheels  of  an  author*s  genius  catching  fire  from  the  rapidity  of  his  course  ;  as 
Mr.  Howitt's  is  in  danger  of  doing  when  he  gets  on  the  banks  of  the  Avon. 

1.  From  his  account  ofPenshurst  (where  our  days  of  boyhood  were 
s|>ent,  and  where  we  saw  our  schoolfellow,  the  la$t  Philip  Sidney,  drowned 
in  his  own  lake)  and  the  pictures,  we  presume,  that  Mr.  Howitt's  readers 
would  consider  them  to  be  the  genuine  works  of  the  great  masters  men- 
tioned ;  as  he  enumerates  the  illustrious  names  of  Rubens,  Vandyck,  Mo* 
rillo,  Caracci,  &c.  whereas  the  greater  part  of  them  are  very  indifferent 
copies.  We  do  not  at  present  recollect  a  truly  fine  picture  in  the  house. 
There  is  a  noble  collection  of  genuine  pictures  in  the  same  parish,  but  Mr. 
Howitt  caught  at  the  shadows  at  Penshurst,  and  lost  the  tubstance  at  Red- 
leaf. 

2.  ^fr.  Howitt's  enthusiasm  glows  intensely  at  the  mention  of  Ann 
Hathaway,  better  known  by  that  name  than  by  the  more  honourable  one 
of  Shakspeare's  wife.  He  calls  her  "  the  first  honourable  object  of  the 
poet's  afiections,"  and  he  speaks  of  his  domestic  peace  with  his  "  true 
Ann  Hathaway,"  and  of  his  "  strong  and  changeless  affection  to  his  Ann 
Hathaway  ;"  and  another  author  in  the  same  spirit  says,  '*  To  him  every- 
thing was  Ann  Hathaway,  but  especially  all  wisdom,  goodness,  beautv*  and 
delight  took  from  her  their  existence,  and  gave  to  her  their  qualities." 
There  is  a  good  deal  of  what  Warburton  was  used  to  call  *'  artificial  non- 
sense" about  the  writers  of  the  present  day,  which  is  seen  in  remarkable 
luxuriance  of  bloom  among  the  Magazines  and  Annual  gentlemen  and 
ladies, 

"  Where  pare  description  holds  the  place  of  teiMt  /'* 

and  the  above  passage,  taken  from  "  The  Youth  of  Shakspere,**  seems  to 
us  to  be  a  genuine  portion  of  it.  We  had  rather  trust  one  vcllam-cotoared 
anti(|uary  as  regards  Shakspeare*s  historv,  than  a  thousand  sentimental 
journalists  ;  and  accordingly,  while  Mr.  Howitt  is  indulging  in  a  delicious 
daydream  on  the  dappled  slopes  of  Ann  Hathaway 's  orchard,  and  quoting 


452  Howitt*8  yhits  io  Uemarhahle  Places.  t^»y» 

sonnets  as  applied  to  her^  which  were  all  written  to  a  different  person 
with  very  different  motives  than  doing  her  honour^  and  not  one  of  which 
contains  the  slightest  allusion  to  her, — enters  a  very  grave  and  learned  per- 
sonage called  "  Sir  Industry,"  *  bearing  on  one  arm  a  shield^  on  which  are 
inscribed  in  large  letters,  Labor  et  Veritas,  in  the  other  hand  holding  a 
wand,  which  he  waves  over  the  scene,  and  which  has  the  power  of  sepa- 
rating truth  from  "  Illusive  Falshood  ;"  and  lo  !  a  sudden  and  strange  me- 
tamorphosis is  seen.  Instead  of  Ann  Hathaway  sitting  like  a  bride  in  her 
bower,  the  picture  of  innocence  and  beauty,  and  the  youthful  Shakspeare 
lying  like  Hamlet  all  diffused  at  her  ivory  feet,  warbling  delicate  and  per- 
fumed poetry  to  her  ear,  what  do  we  now  behold  ?  a  coarse  country  girl^ 
or  rather  a  woman  of  twenty-seven  years  of  age,  is  seen  trudging  along 
the  high  road  from  Stratford  to  Worcester,  showing  by  her  appearance 

That  her  shape,  ere  while  so  graceful  seen 
(Dian  first  rising  after  change  was  not 
More  delicate),  betray*d  her  secret  acts. 
And  grew  to  guilty  fullness.f 

At  some  distance  behind  a  young  lad  with  a  sheepish  countenance,  not 
more  than  nineteen  years  old,  is  seen  slowly  and  unwillingly  accompanying 
two  parish  constables  (Wart  and  Bullcalf)  who  have  got  a  magistrate's 
warrant  against  him,  and  who  are  not  going  to  leave  him  till  the  matri* 
monial  knot  is  tied,  which  is  to  release  the  parish  from  an  enfant  trouve, 
and  give  to  Miss  Ann  Hathaway  the  legal  title  of  Mistress  William 
Shakspeare.  **  I  think  it  has  not  been  observed,'*  says  Mr.  Hunter,  speak- 
ing of  the  bond  given  to  the  bishop  on  Shakspearc*s  licence  to  contract 
matrimony,  "that  the  marks  of  the  two  husbandmen,  Saudell  and  Richard- 
son, are  singularly  coarse, — coarser  I  think,  than  the  marks  of  marksmen 
of  that  period  usually  are ;  as  if  they  belonged  to  the  very  rudest  part  of 
the  population  ;  and  I  can  scarcely  forbear  coming  to  the  conclusion  th€U 
Shakespeare,  then  a  youth  of  eighteen,  was  rudely  dragged  by  them  to  the 
altar.*' I  So  much,  to  use  Spenser's  language,  for  the  "  doleful  ladle,'*  and 
the  "  two  greasie  villains. "§  And  now  what  says  Mr.  J.  P.  Collier,  6  dpa/iari- 
KtJTUTos.  *'  It  appears  to  me  little  short  of  absurd  to  suppose  that  Shake- 
speare was  more  immaculate  than  his  contemporaries,  living,  as  he  generally 
did,  apart  from  his  wife,  who  was  eight  years  older  than  himself,  and  who 
had  bum  him  a  daughter\\,  as  is  shown  by  recently  discovered  evidence, 
six  months  after  his  marriage.^  He  then  went  away  to  London  a  penniless 
fugitive,"  says  the  same  writer.  **  But  where  did  Mr.  Howitt  learn  that 
he  spent  the  last  sij:teen  years  of  his  life  at  Stratford?  Mr.  Campbell, 
the  last  biographer  of  the  poet,  observes,  ''  The  exact  period  when  Shak- 
speare quitted  the  metropolis  and  settled  in  his  native  place  has  not  been 
ascertained  5  but,  as  it  was  certainly  some  years  before  his  death,  it  cannot 


*  See  Thomson*8  Castle  of  Indolence,  book  ii. 

t  See  Crowe's  Lewesdon  Hill. 

X  See  Gentleman's  Magazine,  Feb.  1840,  p.  168. 

§  See  Faery  Queene,  lib.  iiii.  c.  12. 

II  It  must  be  observed  that  Shakspeare's  wife  never  brought  him  any  children  after 
1584  ;  that  is,  after  he  had  been  married  only  two  years.  We  think  the  leu  that  it 
said  on  this  subject  the  better.  ••  I  f  there  be  (as  Master  Slender  says)  no  great  love  ill 
the  beginning,  Heaven  may  decrease  it  upon  better  acquaintance.*' 

%  See  Letter  to  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter,  p.  8. 

«  *  Sec  Letter  to  Mr.  Aroyot,  p.  31 ;  Ibid.  p.  36, 


1840]  Howitt's  Visits  to  Remarkable  Places.  45S 

be  well  put  later  than  1611  or  1612."  He  died  on  the  23rd  April,  1616, 
''  being  (as  the  same  biographer  observes)  defrauded  of  between  a  third 
and  a  half  of  the  most  valuable  portion  of  existence.'*  As  for  Ann 
Hathaway  being,  as  Mr.  Howitt  says,  his  " all- the- world  in  his  latter 
days/*  we  are  constrained  to  say  that  she  was  not  even  mentioned  in  his 
toili ;  that  the  enraptured  husband  left  her  only  his  second-best  bed;  and 
that  Mr.  G.  Steevens  informs  us,  *'  It  appears  in  the  original  will  of  Sbak- 
speare  that  he  had  forgot  his  wife,  the  legacy  to  her  of  the  bed  being 
expressed  by  an  interhneation.**  Mr.  Hallam  also  informs  us  (for  wc 
give  no  statement  but  on  the  highest  authority)  that  '*  the  person  whom 
Shakspeare  chose  for  his  patron  and  intimate  friend  was  of  a  moral  cha- 
racter that  was  low,  of  which  there  are  continual  proofs.**  • 

3.  Mr.  Howitt*s  account  of  the  palace  of  Hampton  Court  reaches 
tlirough  more  than  fifty  pages,  and  yet  he  has  omitted  much  that  is  worthy 
of  notice  :  much  space  being  occupied  by  an  account  of  the  persons  whose 
hibtor)'  is  connected  with  the  building,  and  which  might  be  as  well  read  in 
(dllns's  Peerage  or  Chalmers's  Dictionary.  We  shall  accompany  him  in 
one  or  two  of  his  observations.  P.  134,  speaking  of  the  opening  of 
i:Iampton  Court  palace  to  the  public,  which  was  by  a  kind  and  voluntary 
act  of  the  sovereign,  Mr.  Howitt  remarks,  "  It  is  now  fitting  the  people 
should  have  their  own  again  :  of  all  the  palaces,  tlie  towers,  the  abbeys, 
and  the  cathedrals,  which  have  been  raised  by  the  wealth,  and  ostensibly 
for  the  benefit,  of  the  public f!),  none  till  lately  have  been  freely  open  to  the 
fo<)t8tcj)s  of  the  multitude,"  &c.  With  regard  to  "  towers,"  we  know  of 
none  but  the  Tower  of  London,  and  that  has  always  opened  wide  its  bos* 
pital)lo  gates  imparti<illy  either  to  Mr.  Howitt  or  Sir  Francis  Burdett.  We 
never  heard  that  cathedrals  and  abbeys  were  built  with  the  public  money: 
we  thought  that  they  were  founded  by  pious  liberality,  and  endowed  by 
the  same  spirit,  with  estates  to  support  them.  Mr.  Howitt,  it  appears, 
lives  at  Esher, — what  docs  he  pay  to  the  support  of  Westminster  abbey? 
We  grant  that  some  people  want  to  make  them  public  property,  not  for  the 
sakt;  of  more  freely  participating  in  their  ser^'iccs,  but  of  getting  possession 
oftlieir  revenues.  The  Reform  Bill  has  done  one  thing: — it  has  dragged 
out  to  light  all  the  mean,  base,  sordid  desires  of  the  selfish;  as  well  as 
given  encouragement  to  the  busy,  meddling,  swaggering,  vulgar  insolence 
of  the  low-boni  bully ;  the  former  of  whom  grudges  the  sovereign  what 
the  inenncbt  indivi<lual  has,  an  undisturbed  home ;  and  the  latter  is  not 
eontcnt  unless  he  can,  at  will,  imprint  his  hoofs  upon  its  polished  floors, 
Mr.  Ilowitt,  indeed,  is  far  above  all  such  feelings, — 

"He  bears  no  token  of  these  sable  streams ;" 

But  he  does  not  seem  to  recollect  that  this  palace,  and  the  others,  were 
built  or  bought  by  the  monarchs  of  the  country  at  the  time  they  {KMsessed 
their  own  indei>endent  property — magnificent  estates.  We  cannot  see 
how  by  any  reasoning  they  can  be  called  public  pro|)crty  ;  for  if  Buck- 
ingham palace  is  built,  or  Windsor  castle  repaired,  by  public  grants,  these 
grants  are  nothing  but  a  very  sorry  equivalent  fur  the  much  larger 
pro|KTty  which  the  Crown  has  given  up  to  the  people.  Again  :  **  This 
palace  has  been  made  the  daily  resort  of  any  and  of  all  tlie  English  people 
w  ho  choose  to  tread  the  imvements,  to  disport  themselves  in  the  gardens, 
and  ga/e  on  the  works  of  art  which  for  ages  used  only  to  be  accessible  to 


*  See  HalUm'f  InCrod.  to  Litsrttare,  voL  iiit  p.  502. 


4^4*  Howitt*8  Viiiti  to  RetMirkaHe  Phtei.  O^^y, 

the  royal,  the  aristocratic^  and  the  eceleaiastical  dignitaiy  and  UuHr  re« 
tainers."  On  this  statement  we  are  content  to  say  that  we  give  it  a  dhwef 
denial.  The  gardens  have^  ever  since  we  can  remember  from  boybo^d, 
been  open  gratuitously  to  the  public ;  and  the  state  apartments  on  the 
payment  of  a  trifling  fee  :  we  say  trifling,  for  if  a  party  went^  the  sam  of 
sixpence  each  would  be  sufficient  to  form  the  expected  remaneratloB  of 
the  housekeeper ;  therefore,  we  assert,  that  they  were  abtaye  aceesHble  to 
the  public.  What  Mr.  Howitt  means  by  specifying  '*  ecclesias^oal  digni> 
taries  '*  as  those  to  whom  it  was  peculiarly  accessible,  we  cannot  imagine ; 
there  is  no  dignity  of  the  sort  attached  to  the  palace  :  does  he  mean  Umt 
no  one  but  a  prince,  a  noble^  or  a  bishop,  could  enter  the  palace  >  if  be 
does  not  mean  this,  his  words  are  absolutely  wanting  in  meaning.  Coold 
not  a  rich  quaker-banker^  or  a  city-merchant,  or  a  wholesale  carcase- 
butcher,  or  an  opulent  dry-salter,  just  as  freely  examine  the  wmrks  of  ari 
as  my  Lord  of  Durham  or  of  Chester  ?  But  we  hope  to  live  to  hear  even 
Mr.  Howitt  say— 

"  E'en  in  a  Bishop  I  can  spy  desert." 

Mr.  Howitt  proceeds :  "  The  people  can  now  say,  with  an  air  qf  jmt 
authority,  we  demand  to  be  admitted  to  the  we  and  fruition  of  that  for 
which  we  have  given  a  noble  equivalent,*'  &c. 

We  will  put  aside  what  appears  to  us  somewhat  coarse  in  the  expres* 
sion  of  the  claim  made,  as  if  it  came  from  the  mouth  of  Jack  Cade  and  hia 
men — '*  it  was  never  a  merry  world  in  England,  since  gentlemen  came 
up  $*'  and  observe,  that  when  Mr.  Howitt  speaks  of  a  "  noble  equivalent,** 
he  forgets,  or  seems  to  forget,  that  the  Crown  always  made  very  bad  bargaim 
with  the  people,  and  much  to  its  own  diiadvantage  -*  and  in  his  next  edition, 
we  beseech  him,  as  he  is  a  lover  of  truth,  to  alter  this  part  of  the  sen- 
tence ;  and  as  he  is  a  lover  of  meekness  and  gentleness,  which  qualities 
have  been  pronounced  '' blessed,*' to  express  the  other  parts  in  words 
more  fit  for  those  who,  "  loving  the  brotherhood,  and  honouring  the  King, 
and  not  speaking  evil  of  dignities,'*  thereby  show  their  obedience  and  at- 
tachment to  the  commands  of  Christ,  ^'  who,  when  he  was  reviled, 
reviled  not  again  -,  when  he  suffered,  he  threatened  not;"  and  who  instead 
of  wishing  to  force  his  way  into  Herod's  Palace,  or  claiming  the  entrance 
of  Pilate's  princely  halls,  lived  as  he  could,  in  mean  and  borrowed  lodgings, 
having  of  his  own  not  even  a  garret  where  he  could  lay  his  head.  "  I 
have,**  says  Warburton,  *'  a  Master  above  and  a  master  below,— I  mean 
God  and  the  King,  to  them  my  services  are  bound.** 

Mr.  Howitt  proceeds : — '*  How  have  these  swarms  of  Londoners  of  all 
classes  behaved  ?"  We  will  answer  this  question,  by  saying  "  Much  in 
the  same  way  that  they  behave  at  Smithfield  or  Sheemess,  bona  terra, 
mala  gens.^f  "  With  the  exception  (says  Mr.  Howitt)  of  some  scratches 
made  on  the  pannels  of  the  great  staircase,  for  the  discovery  of  the  per- 
petrators of  which  an  ominous  placard  is  posted  on  the  door-post  in  ques- 
tion, offering  five  pounds  reward,  but  of  xvhich  slight  injury  no  one  can  tell 


*  Let  us  hear  what  a  great  statesman  and  patriot,  and  friend  of  the  people,  as  well 
as  servant  of  the  Crown — Lord  Chatham — says  on  this  head.  '*  Since  the  discovery 
of  America,  and  other  circumstances  permitting,  the  Commons  are  become  the  pro- 
prietors of  land;  the  Crown  hag  divefted  itn\f  qf  iti  great  eetmtett  the  Chwch 
(God  bless  it !)  has  but  a  pittance.  In  ancient  days,  the  Crown,  the  barons,  and  the 
clergy,  possessed  the  lands." 

t  See  Shakspeare'B  tUrd  part  of  Henry  tkt  Sixth. 


1 840.]  Howitt*5  Visiis  to  Remarkable  PlaceM.  4U 

the  date,  the  police^  who  arc  always  on  the  spot,  never  having  witnessed 
the  doing  of  it  since  they  were  stationed  there,  I  cannot  learn  that  the 
slightest  exhibition  of  what  has  been  considered  the  £nglish  law  of  demo- 
lition has  been  made/'  &c.  Now  we  will  first  speak  as  to  the  particular  ia<» 
jury  alluded  to.  1st,  If  the  policeman  had  mtnessed  the  commission  of  the 
injury,  we  should  think  there  was  no  necessity  for  the  placard  ;  2ndly,  The 
injury  was  committed  in  the  end  of  June  or  beginning  of  JiUy  1838,  and 
late  in  the  day,  a  little  before  the  palace  was  closed.  We  were  there  at  the 
time,  and  were  present  when  Mr.  Grundy  came  to  inform  us  of  the  injury* 
and  when  the  poUceman,  whose  business  it  is  to  take  the  sticks,  pointed  it 
out,  and  when  in  consequence  the  reward  was  offered  for  the  detection  of 
the  offender.  As  to  Mr.  Hewitt's  general  assertion  that  not  the  iliahteU 
exhii'Uion  of  the  latv  of  demolition  has  been  made,  we  beg  to  assert  tnat  it 
Lf  perpetually  going  on,  Wc  have  repeatedly  seen  offenders  brought  to 
the  house  where  we  were  staying,  and  fined  for  the  damage  which  in 
wanton  acts  of  mischief  they  bad  committed.  The  flowers  are  both  ggy 
thercd  and  stolen,  and  we  appeal  to  Mr.  Johnson  the  head  gardener,  whe« 
thcr  Sunday  is  any  longer  a  day  of  rest  to  him  or  to  his  workmen  -,  who 
have  to  be  perpetually  on  the  watch  against  depredators.  This  is  outside 
the  walls  ;  iuside,  instances  of  conduct  have  occurred  that  we  should  not  ex- 
pect to  have  heard  of,  and  which  we  could  not  name  with  propriety  bat 
i)y  borrowing  the  foreign  word  of  "  immondezza,**  and  to  prevent  repetitions 
of  which,  which  would  have  driven  all  the  respectable  persons  away*  was  the 
cause  of  the  police  being  appointed.  As  for  the  company  who,  in  the 
summer  mouths,  honour  the  place  with  their  presence  in  carts  and  vans. 
Froth  the  tapster,  and  Killcalf  the  butcher,  and  Smith  the  weaver,  and 
your  handicrafts  men  in  leathern  aprons,  their  behaviour  must  be  somewhat 
mended  since  we  saw  them  last,  or  they  have  not  ceased  to  be  the  most 
intolerable  nuisance  that  any  town  was  infested  with,  and  which  has  made 
1  lampton  Court  a  place  where  ladies  cannot  walk  out  unprotected, 

**  For  here  come  the  idle  'prentices  all, 
Who  live  in  London  lo  proper  and  tall,'* 

with  all  other  "  honest  men  who  go  in  hose  and  doublets.** 

P.  239.  Mr.  Howitt  says,  that  Wolsey  exceeded  Ximcnes,  RicbelieQ, 
Mazarine,  and  Dc  Retz  in  wealth.  &c.  It  did  not  require  much  to  sur- 
pass I)e  Retz  j  but  did  he  exceed  Mazarine  ?  we  have  doubts  on  the  sub- 
ject. Mazarine  died  worth  near  eight  millions  sterling,  probably  the 
largest  property  possessed  by  an  individual  in  modern  times.* 

P.  2 10.  It  is  stated  that  Wolsey  obtained  from  Henry  the  Eighth  an  order 
for  the  suppression  of  the  worst  monasteries.  No  such  word  as  "  worst" 
is  mentioned  in  the  order :  he  should  have  said  the  least. 

P.  241 .  Mr.  Howitt  says,  Wolsey  received  the  rich  rectory  of  Turning- 
ton,  in  the  diocese  of  Exeter.  We  beg  to  remark,  that  there  is  no  sncb 
place.     Probably  he  meant  Fremington. 

I*.  242.  We  ask,  did  the  po|)c,  as  Mr.  Howitt  savs,  "confer  on  Wolsey  the 
truth  of  all  the  revenues  of  the  clergy  ?'*     Where  is  this  seen  ? 

P.  244.  *•  Wolsey *8  structures  arc  every  where  remarkable  for  their 
superiority  to  the  general  style  of  the  age.**     It  may  be  so ;  but  we  never 


*  We  conAne  our  obienrationt  to  Suropf  :  what  treat um  hare  been  accumnUted  in 
Affia  wc  cannot  aflcertain.  After  the  lack  of  Delhi,  Nadir  Shah's  spoils  were  calcu- 
lated at  70,000,000 !  ! 


45  G  Howitt*s  Visits  to  Remarkable  Places.  [May, 

heard  this  from  our  friends  the  antiqaaries  and  architects.     What  does 
Mr.  Rickman  say  ? 

P.  245.  "He  built  one  third  of  <A^  bridge  over  the  lYne."      Quare, 
what  bridge  > 

P.  257.  ^'  Great  as  he  was  in  prosperity^  so  is  he  great  in  his  ruin. 
There  are  those  who  accuse  him  of  servility  and  meanness  $  but  they  do 
not  well  comprehend  human  nature/*  &c.  Now  on  this  subject  we  will 
give  the  sentiments  of  one  whom  Mr.  Howitt  will  not  accuse  of  a  want  of 
knowledge  of  the  human  heart  and  of  the  character  of  man.  Thus  writes  the 
great  Lord  Clarendon — *'  If  he  (VVolsey)  had  not  been  accompanied  with 
two  very  great  vices,  from  the  poverty  and  lowness  of  his  birth — the  one 
of  pride,  the  other  of  pusillanimity — he  might  have  been  as  glorious  in  his 
death  as  he  was  in  his  life  ;  but  an  exorbitant  pride  grew  up  with  him, 
as  is  most  natural  to  those  of  meanest  extraction,  to  so  unheard-of  a 
degree,  that  he  made  all  the  nobility  of  the  kingdom  his  mortal  enemies, 
upon  contests  which  had  no  relation  to  religion  -,  and  then  his  pusillanimity 
ioas  in  truth  his  deaths  when  all  the  indignation  of  the  King  could  not  have 
taken  his  life  from  him ;  but  his  poor  spirit,  thai  had  been  so  immoderately 
blown  up  by  his  prosperity,  expired  at  being  reduced  to  live  in  a  lower  orb ; 
whereas  he  might  have  raised  a  nobler  monument  of  his  virtue  in  his  mag- 
nanimous behaviour  in  his  misfortunes,  than  he  hath  left  behind  him  in  his 
palace  at  Westminster,"  &c. 

At  p.  284  and  following  pages,  Mr.  Howitt  gives  an  account  of  the 
pictures  in  the  palace.  Are  we  wrong  when  we  say  that  he  did  not  judge 
by  his  own  knowledge,  but  followed  the  authority  of  the  old  Cata* 
logues,  and  took  for  granted  the  authority  of  the  celebrated  names? 
In  consequence  of  an  entire  want  of  critical  precision,  his  account  is  value- 
less. There  are  few  original  or  good  pictures  at  Hampton  Ck)urt,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Cartoons  of  Raphael,  the  triumphs  of  Mantegna,  and  some 
historical  portraits  of  early  date  and  of  great  value.  But  the  equestrian 
figure  of  Charles,  which  Mr.  Howitt  praises,  is  not  by  Vandyck.  The 
sculptor  Bandinelli  is  not  by  Correggio.  A  Holy  Family  by  the  same 
master,  is  mere  trash ;  and  as  for  the  walls  of  the  Queen's  bedchamber 
being  adorned  by  the  pencils  of  M.  Angelo  !  Titian,  Giorgione,  and  others, 
we  can  only  say,  that,  familiar  as  we  are  with  the  palace  and  its  contents, 
we  have  never  yet  seen  them.  Mr.  Howitt  has  not  mentioned,  for  proba* 
bly  he  did  not  see,  some  of  the  most  interesting  parts  of  thepalace  ;  and  he 
is  ignorant  of  the  many  curious  traditions  attached  to  different  parts  of  its 
domain  -,  but  it  was  unpardonable  not  to  have  seen  Charles  s  rooms. 

We  must  conclude  with  extracting  a  line  specimen  of  logic  and  of 
knowledge  from  Mr.  Howitt*s  visit  to  Stony  hurst ;  when  a  Mr.  Daniells 
was  pleased  to  utter  the  following  nonsense,  and  Mr.  Howitt  was  gratefal 
enough  to  record  it.  If  all  the  Jesuits  at  Stonyhurst  resemble  Mr. 
Daniells  in  intellect  and  erudition,  the  Church  of  England  *  indeed 
must  tremble. 

*  Speaking  of  the  Church  of  England,  we  perceiye  by  the  last  Quarterly  Review, 
that  Mr.  Owen  and  the  Socialists  have  tried  to  enlist  an  illustrious  synonym  of  Mr. 
Howitt*8  in  their  cause  ;  having  republished,  for  the  instruction  of  the  public,  a  woilc 
called,  ''  A  Popular  History  of  Priestcraft,"  by  William  Howitt  1  Whoever  this  gen- 
tleman is,  we  are  sure  that  lie  most  deeply  regrets  being  griped  in  the  accursed  feelers 
of  these  poisonous  polypi ;  and  being  made  '<  to  do  tiieir  biddings,"  before  he  becomes 
their  prey. 

I 


1840.] 


Howitt's  Vixiis  to  Remarkable  Placti. 


457 


"  I  know  that  the  union  with  the  State 
was  the  destruction  of  the  Church  of 
Rome  in  this  country  in  the  sixteenth 
century,  and  it  is  destroying  the  Church 
of  England  now,  and  will  destroy  it.  Sir, 
we  have  read  history  as  well  as  the  Pro- 
testants, and  we  know,  as  wellat  we  know 
anything,  that  an  establishment  is  the  most 
fatal  curse  that  can  befall  any  Church. 
We  know  that  it  infuses  a  Lethean  lethar- 
gy ;  it  destroys  the  vitality  of  zeal ;  it 
breaks  up  the  living  interest  between  the 
prit'st  and  his  people.  That  is  the  noto- 
rious and  necessary  result  of  an  estab- 
lishment. That  has  been,  and  is,  and 
must  be  the  perpetual  tenden?y  of  every 
such  experiment ;  and  therefore,  what- 
ever may  be  the  desire  of  others,  mine  is, 
that  Catholicism  may  never  be  established 
by  law  in  these  kingdoms.  {He  doet  not 
mean    Cathoiicism,  but  the   Papal  reli" 


ffion.)  I  do  not  deny  that  I  deaire  to 
see  Catholicism  spread  and  prosper  ;  at  a 
zealous  lover  of  my  Church,  and  deeming 
it,  as  I  do,  the  best  form  of  Christianity, 
it  is  what  I  must  desire ;  and  here  we 
have  done  all  that  we  could,  and  shall 
continue  to  do  all  that  we  can,  to  extend 
its  sphere  and  its  influence.  I  do  not 
deny  that  we  love  power,  but  then  it  i«  on 
intellectual  and  moral  power ^  and  not  the 
unnatural  power  derived  from  a  poHtieml 
alliance,  which  in  the  end  brings  weak- 
ness to  the  State,  while  it  confers  a  spe- 
cious and  external  form  of  existence,  and 
like  a  vampire,  saps  the  very  life  of  the 
life  vrithin  its  victim.  If  I  desire  pros- 
perity and  power  for  my  Church,  all  his- 
tory has  shown  me  that  they  can  only  be 
derived  from  the  voluntary  zeal  of  the 
minister  and  the  affections  of  the  people." 


ysow,  as  Mr.  Flowitt  asserU  that  Mr.  DaoielU  the  Jesuit  brought  forth 
all  this  mass  of  froth  and  folly,  we  are  bound  to  believe  it ;  but  the  whole 
thing  reads  much  more  like  the  angry  invective  of  the  political  Dissenter, 
than  of  the  politic  and  crafty  Jesuit.  That  Mr.  Howitt,  however, approves  it, 
is  evident,  for  he  calls  it  "  sound  reasoning."  We  iiill  now  tell  him  what 
iound  reasoning  is  in  our  opinion.  "  The  Test  and  Corporation  Acts  have 
always  been  endured  with  extreme  ill  will,  by  the  excluded  parties,  and 
more  especially  by  the  Protestant  Dissenters.  But  the  contest  at  thai 
time  was  conducted  with  some  degree  of  modesty  ;  the  complainants  were 
conscious  of  their  own  weakness,  and  not  insensible  of  the  general  obliga- 
tions under  which  they  lay  to  the  best  Constitution  of  the  world.  Under 
these  circumstances  the  powers  of  that  combination  were  exerted  too  early. 
A  powerful  medicine  is  thrown  away  at  the  first  access  of  a  complaint, 
which  at  the  crisis  might  have  saved  the  patitnt's  life.  That  crisis  is  now 
arrived,  *  and  happy  had  it  been  to  this  country  if  the  universal  interest 
which  must  have  been  excited  by  the  first  appearance  of  such  a  workf 
could  have  been  reserved  for  a  moment,  **when  in  the  demand,  not  0/  eman* 
lipatlonfrom  restraints,  but  of  equal  and  universal  power ,  all  remains  of  de^ 
cency  are  lost  on  the  one  hand,  and  all  prudential  regards  to  the  great  seen* 
rities  of  the  constitution  are  in  danger  of  being  swallowed  up  in  timid  and 
lu'tplcss  acquiescence  in  the  other, \  Awful,  however,  as  the  present  crisis 
is,  and  as  far  as  men's  minds  are  now  gone  in  the  lethargy  of  religions  and 
I>olitical  indifference,  we  cannot  but  persuade  ourselves  that  a  republicatioa 
and  industrious  circulation  of  the  '  Alliance,'  wonld  even  yet  have  a  pow- 
erful effect  on  the  minds  of  all  who  have  not  ceased  either  to  reason  for 
themselves,  or  to  feel  for  their  country."} 


*  This  was  written  in  ISW:  \l*hat  would  the  writer  say,  were  he  writing  at  the 
present  time  ?  Since  the  Reform  Bill  has  made  the  shallow,  pert ;  the  Tulgar,  shame- 
less  ;  and  those  that  are  tolerated,  intolerants — what  a  mean,  sordid,  crafty,  eavioas, 
"  rascall-rout,"  are  we  become  !  ! 

t  i.  e.  Warbnrton's  **  Alliance  between  Church  and  SUte." 

:"  SecUries,*'  says  Warbnrton,  '*iNtf#/  either  kick,  or  be  kkked.  Tbsy  must  Mass 
persecute,  or  provoke  persecution.  To  be  in  this  turbulent  statt,  is  living  ia  their 
proper  element.'* 

^  The  words  we  have  quoted  are  those  of  the  very  leamtd  and  aoeompUshsd  Dr. 
\V  hi  taker,  the  historian  of  Yorkshire* 

Gji.^T.  Mao.  Vol.  Xlll.  3  N 


l» 


458 

DIARY  OP  A  LOVER  OF  LITERATURE. 
By  Thomas  Grien,  Esq,  qflpttdeh, 

(Continued  from  vol,  XII,  p.  459.J 

1806. — Jan.  22.  Looked  again  into  Gilpin  s  Essay  on  Prints.  He 
exposes  the  perversity  of  the  spirit  of  collection  by  instancing  a  connois- 
seur who  showed  as  a  prodigious  curiosity  a  Wouverman  foithout  a  horse 
in  it !  I  have  the  prints  I  suppose  from  this  very  picture  |  there  is  no 
quadruped  in  it. — Parry  called,  and  mentioned  many  tricks  of  Canlfield^ 
and  the  purveyors  to  portrait  collectors — himself  an  engraver  of  fac- 
similes. 

Jan,  24.  Finished  D' Israelis  Defence  of  James  the  First,  By  bright- 
ening the  fair,  and  lightening  the  dark,  parts  of  James's  character,  he 
irresistibly  produces  an  impression  in  his  favour ;  and  perhaps  we  may 
allow  that,  if  the  public  consulted  their  own  happiness  in  the  mond 
judgment  which  they  form  of  their  rulers,  this  monarch  woald  stand 
considerably  higher  than  he  does  in  the  public  esteem. — Read  Osborne* s 
Memoirs  of  Queen  Elizabeth  and  King  James.  Most  unconthly  written, 
but  highly  interesting  from  the  private  anecdotes  and  ephcmeroas  scandal 
which  they  involve.  He  mentions  as  the  custom  of  James's  reign  for  the 
principal  gentry,  courtiers,  and  professional  men,  to  meet  in  St.Paurs  church 
at  1 1>  and  walk  in  the  middle  aisle  till  12,  and  after  dinner  from  3  till  0, 
discoursing  of  business,  news,  &c.  The  story  of  the  king's  attendant,  who 
at  a  banquet  of  Lord  Carlisle's  ate  a  pie  composed  of  mixtures  of  amber- 
gris, magisterial  of  pearl,  and  musk,  till  he  almost  poisoned  his  family, 
and  like  the  Satyr  flew  from  his  own  stench,  is  excellent. 

Jan.  27.  Queen  Elizabeth's  pun  at  Cambridge,  recorded  by  Peck, 
when  Dr.  Humphrys,  a  puritanical  opposer  of  the  ecclesiastical  habits, 
approached  to  kiss  her  hand, — "  Mr.  Doctor,  that  loose  gown  becomes  too 
mighty  well :  so  I  wonder  your  notions  shoold  be  so  narrotff,*'— is  but 
poor.  I  have  made  two  better  in  my  life.  1st.  Looking  over  some 
books  of  Reports  at  Raw's,  Mr.  Pulham,  who  came  in,  observed,  "  So  yon 
have  law  before  you,  Mr.  Green  j  " — I  said,  "Yes,  sir,  and  divinity  too :" 

for  Miss was  standing  by  my  side.     2nd.  Admiring  the  prospect 

from  Mr.  Rogers's  windows, — "  But  what,  (said  I,)  Lucy,  is  the  matter 
with  the  hilly  field  opposite  which  looks  so  staring  white  ?  "  "  Oh  !  " 
said  she,  ''they  have  disfigured  it,  with  spreading  chalk  npon  the  surface.'* 
*'  Well !  "  said  I,  "  if  it  be  not  picturesque,  we  may  pronounce  it  at  least  to 
hesub'lime." 

Jan,  28.  Read,  in  Desenfans'  Catalogue  of  his  Paintings,  the  anecdote 
of  the  man  who  bore  so  wonderful  a  likeness  to  Louis  XIV.  that  the  King 
wished  to  see  him  ;  and  who,  upon  the  monarch's  inquiring  with  a  smile 
whether  his  mother  did  not  visit  the  court  during  his  father's  reign, 
replied  with  exquisite  naivete,  '*  No,  sir,  but  my  Jather  did,"  is  admi- 
rable. One  is  pleased  to  find  that  the  Grand  Monarquc  had  the  magna- 
nimity to  applaud  this  incomparable  repartee.  * 

Jem.  30.  Read  Weldons  Character  of  James  the  First.  The  physical 
part  of  it  inimitably  drawn.  It  brings  his  uncouth  person  and  manners 
immediately  and  vividly  before  us  :  his  exuberant  tongue,  and  rolling  eye, 


*  But  this  '<  incomparable  repartee  "  bad  been  previously  made  uk  the  weU-kaowii 
itory  of  Shakspeare  and  Davenant. 


1840.]  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature,  459 

and  fulsome  ogles,  ami  liabitual  oscitancy, — iiotliiug  can  !>c  better  in  its 
way.  It  is  curious  to  remark  the  contemptuous  virulence  with  which 
Wi'ldoti  treats  Haeon,  though  indeed  it  is  Bacon's  achievements  in  litera- 
ture .diMie  which  have  lescued  his  character  from  the  contempt  of  pobttrity. 

Jan.  .SI.  \Valked  by  the  embankment  round  W'hersiead  \ah\<^v.  j  l>eau- 
tifid  bright  and  warm  spring  day ;  a  grand  balluc  in  the  IWUtead  woods. 
A  wounded  pheasant  flew  towards  uie,  and  lighted  in  the  field,  near  my 
feet.     Sad,  cruel  sport  ! — yet  's  voice  predominant  ! 

l'\'h.  'J.  Desenfans  states  that  the  estimated  value  of  Paul  Veronese's 
Marriage  at  Cana  was  13,000/.  (No.  133)  Brewer,  he  anirms(No.  167), 
when  reproached  with  his  mean  birth^  retorted,  "  I  am  one  of  (lod's  no- 
bility, and  these,"  |)ointing  to  his  pictures,  *'  arc  my  letters  pat-cnt." 

Feb.  3.  Finished  Sanderson's  Aulicus  Coqu'mariie.  He  says  that  Prince 
Henry,  on  seeing  Bacon  magnificently  attended  after  his  fall,  exclaimed^ 
'*  Well,  do  whatever  we  can,  this  man  sconis  to  go  out  like  a  sn^fT:'*  com- 
mending his  undaunted  spirit  and  excellent  parts  3  not  without  regret 
that  such  a  man  should  be  falling  off; — this  is  as  it  should  be.  Where 
shoidd  we  have  been  Imd  Prince  Henry  lived  }*  His  riding  from  Richmond 
to  Sir  Oliver  Cromwell's,  near  Huntingdon,  and  arriving  thereby  10  a.m. 
ib  an  exploit  worthy  our  modern  equestrianism. 

Frf).  7,  Read  Sir  Edward  Peyton's  Catastrophe  of  the  House  of  Stuart, 
a  tissue  of  malignant  calumnies,  spun  from  a  mind  completely  poisoned  by 
Puritanism.  As  a  .specimen  of  his  judgment  he  maintains,  *'  That  all 
muni('ipal  and  civil  laws  are  no  way  justifiable,  but  as  they  correspond  to  the 
judicial  laws  of  the  Jews,  which  were  set  down  by  God  to  be  a  pattern  for  all 
to  be  patterned  by."  I  Ic  states  himself  to  have  been  "  fifty-four  years  back 
at  sch<K)l  at  Burv."  There  is  an  excellent  anecdote  in  a  note.  Lord  North, 
on  his  brother  being  appointed  Chancellor  by  Charles  the  Second,  having 
humbly  represented  as  his  bounden  though  |)ainful  duty,  that  his  brother^ 
though  perfectly  well  intentioncd,  was  not  qualified  by  his  talents  for  so 
high  an  olTice  :  the  witty  monarch  thanked  him  with  great  composure, 
and  said,  "  he  had  always  known  that  there  was  one  fool  among  the 
bn>th(TS;  and  he  was  obliged  to  his  lordship  for  showing  him  which  it 
was." 

Feb.  10.  Finished  in  the  evening  a  volume  endeavouring  to  establish 
the  identitv  of  Sir  P.  Francis  and  Junius.  The  coincidences  in  dates— 
in  opinions — in  sources  of  information — in  tem(>crament— in  party  politics 
— in  personal  feeling!*,  and  in  peculiarities  of  expression  and  idiom — most 
particularly  in  rc|)orted  speeches  of  I iOrd  Chatham  not  published  till  twenty 
years  afterwards  from  Sir  P.  Francis's  notes,  are  moat  remarkable,  and 
almost  persuade  me.  Some  of  the  heads  of  evidences,  as  is  natural,  are 
pushed  considerably  to^^  far  ;  but  the  result  of  the  whole,  so  happily  dove- 
tailing, is  unquestionably  powerful.     I  like  Sir  P.  Francis's  expression  of 


*  W'c  ^lululll  h.-ivc  hccQ  whcfu  we  are  now  :  though  the  ktrugf^lc  between  popular 
r''..'\\if  niul  rci^al  liuthurity  might  have  been  delayed,  and  possilily  carried  through^ 
witlioiit  "  bindinfi;  Kin:;:4  in  diains,  and  uobk's  with  links  of  iron.**  NotwithitandiDg 
the  ptT-ional  character  of  the  Kinji^,  perhaps  no  conceMion  that  could  have  been  made» 
^vltll  t!ic  »:\(triy  of  the  prorf>:;atiTti  and  the  dii^nity  of  the  Crown,  would  have  8atU6ed 
tli>'  •iisttirbcd  minds  of  thoM*  who  mide  use  of  the  suppression  of  the  abuses  only  as  a 
!.  ji  to  th'  Tinlition  of  the  n.;ht«  of  the  Crown.  After  all,  the  churj^e  of  *•  insincerity" 
i>  till-  i;i-f,-it  rhifKc  again  it  Charle-t  the  First:  his  ilesjMttic  views  and  lofty  conceptions 
iMinc  to  him  with  the  Crown;  and  when  wise  and  |H>iitic  measures  were  wanting,  h« 
had  uutortonately  Str^ffordf  and  not  C'eci/,  at  his  elbow, — EOt 


460  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature.  [May, 

his  latter  tboughts  on  a  reform  in  the  representation  : — '^  As  it  is,  the  milk 
throws  up  the  cream  ;  to  aim  at  a  perfect  system  is  attempting  to  baild  a 
Grecian  temple  of  brick-bats  and  rubbish.'*  Burke  said  of  Bacon's  style, 
**  there  is  no  gummy  flesh  in  it/* 

Feb,  15.  Carried  in  by  Mr.  Reed  to  see  his  paintings.  Struck  instantly 
by  St.  Francis,  by  Guido,  a  three-quarters — spread  with  the  paleness  of 
death — a  book  open  before  him — a  crucihx  (producing  an  awkward  spot 
of  light)  behind  Fiim — an  unfolded  volume  before  3  the  head  reclining — 
expression  of  great  anguish ;  the  hand  pierced — bent  backwards  ; — the 
whole  of  a  grand  iron-gray  tone.  Christ  expelling  the  Money-changers, 
by  Dietrici :  much  cleverness  in  the  subordinate  detail,  but  too  much 
display  of  contrivance  in  the  composition,  and  a  general  stiffness  and  heavi* 
ness  in  the  execution.  The  flesh  ill  coloured,  and  the  principal  figure 
uncouth  and  undignified.  An  exquisite  Vandevelde, — clear  and  forcible, 
and  the  clouds  grandly  fleeting.  Two  curious  Brnghels  ;  one  a  town  on 
fire,  with  extraneous  figures  in  the  sky  ;  the  other  the  building  of  the  tower 
of  Babel.  Several  small  pictures  by  Bird, — good  in  parts,  but  falling  mise- 
rably short  in  general  excellence  and  harmonious  result  to  Teniers.  Many 
express  copies  injure  the  respectability  of  the  collection. 

Feb,  16.  Began  Franklins  Private  Correspondence,  published  by  his 
Grandson.  In  his  first  letter,  (a  curious  one,)  to  Whit6eld,  he 
professes  nearly  the  same  religious  sentiments  that  I  feel.  In  a  letter  to 
Priestley  he  proposes,  in  doubtful  practical  questions,  setting  down  the 
reasons  pro  and  con,  in  opposite  columns,  forming  equations  of  them,  and 
exterminating  equiponderant  quantities  on  both  sides, — this  he  calls 
moral  or  prudential  algebra.  The  only  cure  against  corruption  in  this 
country,  he  states  in  the  same  letter,  is  to  render  all  places  unprofitable, 
and  the  government  too  poor  to  bribe.  Till  this  is  done,  he  thinks  we 
shall  always  be  plundered,  and  taxed  beside  to  pay  the  Philistines ;  bat 
he  speaks  in  anger.  By  the  enormous  patronage  and  emoluments  of  our 
great  officers,  he  says,  we  stimulate  two  passions  in  nature — avarice  and 
ambition — each  separately  too  powerful.  His  ruling  passion  and  doctrine 
(of  oeconomy)  is  strikingly  exemplified  in  his  argument  for  the  immortality 
of  the  soul. 

Feb,  20.  Pursued  Fra/i^/i/1'5  Letters,  He  recommends,  April  15,  1787, 
T.  Paine  to  the  Due  de  Rochefoucauld  at  Paris,  *'  as  an  ingenious,  honest 
man."  His  moral  notices  of  his  old  age  and  infirmities  are  frequently  very 
tender  and  beautiful.  "  I  seem  to  have  intruded  myself,*'  he  observes, 
*'  into  the  company  of  posterity  when  I  ought  to  have  been  a-bed  and 
asleep;"  and  in  another  letter  from  Passy, — ^'having  finished  my  day's 
task,  I  am  going  home  to  go  to  bed"  Most  heretics,  he  observes,  are 
virtuous.  The  virtue  oi  fortitude  they  have  by  their  profession ;  and  they 
cannot  afford  to  be  deficient  in  other  virtues,  lest  they  should  give  ad- 
vantage to  their  enemies.  In  1/89  he  mentions  ''noticed'*  used  as  a 
verb  as  an  American  innovation,  together  with  "advocate"  employed  in 
the  same  way.  This  I  should  hardly  have  suspected.  In  March  1766,  a 
period  of  general  election,  he  writes  from  England, — ♦*  In  short,  this  whole 
venal  nation  is  now  at  market,  and  will  be  sold  for  about  two  millions,  and 
might  be  bought  for  half  a  million  more  by  the  very  devil  himself.*'  Yet 
in  May,  in  the  same  year,  on  occasion  of  the  disturbances  respecting 
Wilkes,  he  writes, — *'  Some  punishment  seems  preparing  for  a  people  who 
are  ungratefully  abusing  the  best  Constitution  and  the  best  King  any  nation 
was  ^ver  blessed  with:*'— not  that  there  is  any  real  inconsistency  herej 


1840.] 


On  the  Hestruclion  of  City  Churches, 


461 


but  the  latter  sentiment,  I  confess,  I  should  hardly  have  expected  so 
broadly  slated,  Franklin's  letter  to  the  Public  Advertiser,  giving  a  history 
of  the  discussions  in  the  American  colonies,  is  admirably  well  reasoned. 
One  can  hardly  imagine  Franklin^  as  he  here  occasionally  appears,  a  Court 
intriguer.  He  had  hopes  for  some  time  of  the  King  personally;  but  at 
length  discovered  his  obstinacy.  In  a  subsequent  letter  he  beautifully  and 
touchingly  remarks, — "  The  loss  of  friends  is  the  tax  a  man  pays  for  living 
long  himself.     I  have  found  it  a  heavy  one.'* 

Feb.  23.  Franklin's  rage  against  England  as  the  rupture  and  the  war 
advances,  gradually  becomes  extreme.  He  talks  of  our  King  as  thirsting 
for  blood,  of  which  he  has  already  drank  a  large  draught.  He  threatens 
to  make  an  illustrated  school-book  of  our  barbarities  in  America.  He  ap- 
proves himself  afterwards  a  most  skilful  negotiator.  Mr.  Oswald,  appointed 
on  our  side  to  confer  with  him,  seems  but  a  poor  creature  with  very  good 
intentions.  Mr.  Grenville  (the  present  Lord,  1  presume,)  evinces  consi- 
derable skill  in  diplomacy.  Mr,  Oswald  mentions  twice  as  the  sure  in- 
tention of  our  Government,  if  driven  to  extremities,  to  stop  the  dividends 
of  our  funds, — at  least  all  sums  above  1000/.  Burke's  solitary  letter  is 
({uite  characteristic.  Fox's  display,  an  engaging  simplicity,  but  with  some 
little  awkwardness  and  uncouthness  of  expression. 

March  17.  Nectarines  beginning  to  set. — Walked  the  first  part  of  the 
(lay  by  the  ruins  to  Bramford  hill  in  search  of  violets  -, — plentiful  on  the 
bank; — returned  by  the  pathway  between  the  Whitton  and  Bramford 
roads — an  old  haunt  not  visited  for  a  long  time.  On  my  return  gardened 
for  the  first  time  this  season,  pruning  shrubs  and  trimming  my  Cambriau 
grasses.* 


THE  CHURCHES  OF  ST.  BARTHOLOMEW  BY  THE  EXCHANGE,  AND 

ST.  BENET  FINK,  LONDON. 

Onth  a  Plate  J 


THK  sweeping  design  of  destroying 
a  number  of  the  City  Churches  which 
was  meditated  in  the  year  1834,  and 
for  the  time  arrested  by  the  resolute 
opposition  made  to  the  measure  in  the 
instance  of  the  first  church  marked  out 
for  sacrifice,  St.  Clement's,  Eastchcap, 
it  may  be  feared  is  at  length  coming  into 
full  operation,  not  indeed,  in  the  open 
manner  in  which  it  was  diitplayed  at 
that  period  ;  but  in  an  insidious,  and 
therefore,  more  secure  mode  of  proce- 
dure. 


It  must  be  evident  in  the  case  of 
St.  Clement's  Church,  that  the  pre- 
text of  improvement  set  up  to 
warrant  the  intended  demolition,  had 
no  foundation  in  reality.  The  new 
street  being  now  completed,  it  is  plain 
that  it  would  not  have  been  encroached 
upon  by  the  Church,  nor  has  the  line 
been  at  all  altered  by  the  continuance 
of  the  building.  The  Church  remains, 
and  the  improvement  has  not  been  im- 
peded.    If  a  judgment  can  be  formed 


*  Such  noticei  an  the  above  are  inserted,  as  they  serve  to  throw  light  on  Mr. 
(iroeirM  character,  through  his  amusements  and  occupatioDs.  He  was  ardently  ena- 
inoured  of  the  charms  of  nature  ;  and  not  n  sequestered  spot  of  rural  beauty  in  tho 
nrighhourhood  of  Ipswich  escaped  the  observation  of  his  regular  and  daily  walks : 
from  them  he  returned  with  renewed  pleasure  to  his  books,  and  the  enjoyment  of  the 
vorksi  of  art  with  which  his  house  was  enriched.  The  Cambrian  pratses  allude  to 
plants  which  he  used  to  bring  from  Wales  in  pots  when  hr  returned  from  hi4  tiummer 
excursions,  and  which  he  carefully  preserved,  as  reminding  him  of  their  native  moon- 
tains— the  wild  land  of  their  birth,  which  it  was  his  custom  annually  to  frequent  and 
•xplore.  Mr.  Green  knew,  what  few  men  do,  how  rationally  to  use  and  enjoy  a  life 
of  ease  and  teis^^e. — £o. 


462 


Si.  Bartholomevi)s  hy  the  Exchange. 


tMay. 


of  the  alleged  pica  for  the  removal 
of  other  churches  from  this  example, 
it  may  be  fairly  doubted  whether  so 
imperious  a  necessity  exists,  as  to 
"warrant  the  destruction  of  any  other 
sacred  building. 

The  calamity  which  occurred  at  the 
Royal  Exchange  has,  however,  af- 
forded a  ground  for  the  removal  of  one 
church,  and  the  mutilation  of  another, 
and  as  the  existence  of  the  condemned 
edifices  in  their  present  state  will  be 
very  brief,  the  opportunity  has  been 
embraced  of  perpetuating  a  view  of 
the  site  and  the  appearance  of  the 
two  churches  at  the  present  time. 
The  drawing  from  which  the  engraving 
has  been  taken,  is  made  by  Mr.  HoUis, 
and  it  represents  the  buildings  in  a 
point  of  view  in  which  in  all  probability 
they  never  were  before  seen  at  any  pe- 
riod of  their  existence;  on  the  left 
hand  is  the  Church  of  St.  Bartholomew 
which  is  to  be  entirely  destroyed,  and 
in  front  that  of  St.  Benedict,  the  tower 
of  which  is  to  be  taken  down.  Both 
these  edifices  were  designed  by  Sir 
Christopher  Wren ;  and,  although  from 
the  manner  in  which  they  have  been 
blocked  up  by  adjacent  domestic 
buildings,  they  have  attracted  less 
notice  than  better  known  works  of 
this  great  master,  they  arc  no  less 
worthy  of  their  parentage  than  any 
other  designs  to  which  his  genius  gave 
birth. 

The  church  of  St.  Bartholomew  is 
situated  at  the  north-western  angle  of 
Threadneedle  Street.  There  is  a  small 
slip  of  ground  between  the  south  wall 
and  the  street,  which  has  afforded  an 
opportunity  of  building  two  shops  and 
a  coffee-room  belonging  to  a  tavern  ; 
in  consequence  this  portion  of  the 
building  is  hid,  and  the  usual  entrance 
to  the  church  is  through  a  dusky  pas- 
sage. The  west  front  is  unimcum- 
bered,  and  abuts  immediately  upon 
the  foot-path.  The  north  side  and  east 
end  are  free,  owing  to  the  proximity 
of  a  small  burying  ground. 

The  masonry  of  a  great  portion  of 
the  exterior  has  a  remarkable  appear- 
ance ;  it  is  built  of  small  stones  with 
large  joints,  and  not  worked  to  a 
smooth  face.  In  consequence,  the  build- 
ing poti:iesscs  a  character  of  gi cater 
antiquity  than  the  time  of  Wren,  and 
allows  oi  the  conclusion  that  the  outer 
walls  belonged  to  the  former  struc- 


ture ;  this  supposition  is  supported  by 
the  existence  of  several  confirmatory 
circumstances.  On  the  north:  side  is  a 
semi-octagon  turret  staircase  attached 
to  the  aisle,  which  possesses  a  more 
antique  character  than  is  to  be  met 
with  in  works  of  Wren's  period.  The 
centre  of  the  west  front,  and  the  upper 
termination  of  the  tower  are  built  with 
smooth  masonry,  and  the  clerestory 
is  constructed  with  brick ;  all  of  these 
portions  appear  to  be  works  of  a  more 
recent  date  than  the  other  walls  of 
the  building.  In  the  plan  the  old 
church  has  evidently  been  closely  ad- 
hered to.  It  appears  from  Stow  that 
Sir  William  Capel,  Mayor  1509, 
"  added  unto  this  church  a  proper 
chapel  on  the  south  side  thereof;"  tiiis 
chapel  has  clearly  been  retained  in 
the  present  structure,  which,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  usual  complement  of  nave 
and  aisles,  has  an  additional  aisle  or 
chapel  on  the  south  side,  opening  to 
the  church  by  an  arch  now  closed  up, 
and  used  as  a  vestry.  All  these  are 
indications  that  not  only  the  founda- 
tions were  adhered  to,  but  great  part 
of  the  masonry  of  the  old  church  was 
preserved.  The  arches  on  the  top  of 
the  tower  form  a  singular  and  by  no 
means  inelegant  termination  to  the 
structure,  and  afford  a  proof  of  the 
vcrsality  of  the  architect's  genius  in 
forming  so  many  designs  for  towers,  in 
none  of  which  is  there  an  absolute 
sameness. 

The  interior  is  far  beyond  what  might 
be  expected  from  the  unpromising  ap- 
pearance of  the  outside.  It  is  light  and 
graceful,  and  though  simple  and  by  no 
means  of  large  dimensions,  is  an  excel- 
lent example  of  what  a  parish  church 
ought  to  be.  The  nave  and  aisles  are 
divided  by  an  arcade  of  four  semicircu- 
lar arches  on  each  side,  springing  from 
Tuscan  columns,  and  having  enriched 
key-stones.  The  similarity  in  design 
with  the  quadrangle  of  the  late  Royal 
Exchange  will  not  fail  to  occur  to  any 
observer  who  may  be  acquainted  wilt 
the  latter  building.  The  clerestory 
diffuses  into  the  building  a  great  body 
of  light  with  good  effect.  The  hori- 
zontal ceilings  are  panneled,  and  the 
whole  structure  possesses  a  superior 
character,  resulting  more  from  the  ju- 
dicious arrangement  of  the  parts  than 
from  any  display  of  orsament  or 
grandeur  of  dimensions. 


1840.1 


Church  of  St.  Bend  Fink. 


463 


The  pulpit  and  sounding-board  are  of 
oak,  richly  carved,  and  in  the  western 
gallery  is  an  organ.  The  altar  and 
font  are  formed  of  expensive  materials, 
and  were,  without  doubt,  the  gift  of 
some  liberal  benefactor.  The  former 
is  not  a  table  of  wood  as  usual  in 
modern  churches,  but  consists  of  a 
slab  of  beautifully  veined  marble,  ap- 
parently Sienna,  sustained  on  gilt  sup- 
porters ;  upon  the  table  is  a  marble 
pedestal,  covered  with  a  smaller  ledger  ; 
this  is  hollow,  and  the  ledger,  being 
moveable,  forms  a  receptacle  probably 
designed  for  the  care  of  the  communion 
plate.  The  font  is  formed  of  the  same 
marl)le,  and  is  of  large  dimensions. 
Thus  it  is  to  be  seen  that  the  archi- 
tectural claims  of  this  structure  are  of 
no  common  order. 

The  church  is  dedicated  to  St.  Bar- 
tholomew the  Apostle,  and  as  there 
arc  two  other  churches  in  the  city 
under  the  patronage  of  this  saint,  it 
was  necessary  to  add  a  further  distinc- 
tive appellation,  and  it  was  therefore 
called  St.  Bartholomew  the  Little, 
though  in  modern  times  it  has  derived 
an  addition  from  its  proximity  to  the 
Kxchange,  which  it  is  evident  could 
not  have  been  its  ancient  distinction, 
the  church  existing  long  before  the 
Uoyul  Kxchange  was  contemplated. 

The  destruction  of  this  edifice  was 
contemplated  some  years  ago  ;  it  was 
then  averted,  and  has  now  been  re- 
vived, in  consequence  of  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  Royal  Kxchange. 

The  necessity  for  the  removal  of 
this  I'difice  appears  to  be  very  ques- 
tionable. It  seems  that  the  whole  of 
the  eantcrn  side  of  St.  Bartholomew's 
lano  is  to  be  taken  down,  to  widen 
the  thoroughfare, — an  act  which  at 
present  may  be  regarded  almost  as  a 
work  of  supererogation.  Some  years 
since  it  was  contemplated  to  make  a 
street  from  the  back  of  the  old  Royal 
Kxchange,  in  the  direction  of  Moor- 
fields,  and  then  the  widening  of  the 
lane  was  requisite ;  but  since  Moor- 
pate  street  has  been  formed — which 
has  proved  a  more  desirable  and 
uHcful  alteration — the  widening  of  St. 
Bartholomew's  lane  seems  to  be  of 
far  less  utility ;  and  as  it  involves  the 
sacrifice  of  the  church  it  is  greatly  to 
be  deplored  and  regretted. 

In  consequence  of  the  eitensive  al- 
terations in  this  ntighboarbood^ancw 


site  will  be  required  for  the  Sun  Fire 
Office ;  and  this  establishment,  it  is 
said,  is  to  occupy  the  place  of  the 
church  :  thus  are  buildings  of  religion 
set  aside  to  suit  the  purposes  of  com- 
mercial enterprize.  St.  Christopher 
le  Stocks,  the  loss  of  which  Pennant 
so  feelingly  deplores,  was  another 
church  destroyed  to  make  way  for  the 
immense  buildings  of  the  Bank.  It  is 
truly  lamentable  to  see  the  slight  ex- 
cuses which  may  serve  as  apologies  for 
the  destruction  of  a  church. 

There  is  one  circumstance  attendant 
on  the  removal  of  this  church,  which 
must  not  be  passed  over,  as  it  evinces 
that  greater  attention  to  the  ashes 
of  the  departed  has  been  bestowed 
in  this  than  in  former  instances.  A 
mausoleum  it  appears  is  to  be  erected 
on  some  part  of  the  consecrated  site, 
for  the  purpose  of  containing  such  of 
the  bodies  of  the  dead  as  may  not  be 
removed  by  the  existing  families.  This 
mausoleum,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  will  be 
an  ornamental  building,  and  such  as 
the  good  taste  of  Mr.  Cockerell  can 
readily  supply.  After  the  conclusion 
of  the  present  month  Divine  Service 
will  no  longer  be  performed  in  the 
church,  and  the  demolition  will  then 
commence. 

The  church  of  St.  Brkedict,  cor- 
rupted into  Benet,  has  the  affix  of 
Fink  joined  to  it,  to  distinguish  it  from 
several  churches  in  the  metropolis  de- 
dicated to  that  great  patron  of  mo- 
nachism.  This  is  derived  from  an 
early  benefactor  to  the  church,  Robert 
Fink,  whose  name,  softened  into  Finch, 
is  retained  in  the  adjoining  lane. 

This  church,  like  the  former,  was 
surrounded  by  incumbrances.  A  por- 
tion only  of  the  square  tower  was  visi- 
ble above  the  surrounding  houses ;  and 
the  north  side,  the  only  part  seen  from 
the  street,  was  partly  hid  bv  a  large 
dwelling  house,  and  further  disfignred 
by  a  watch-house,  built  with  peculiar 
taste  against  its  walls.  Few  persona 
casually  passing  this  church  wonld 
regard  it  with  any  particular  notice ; 
so  little  was  seen,  and  so  apparently 
irregular  was  the  edifice,  that  they 
would  scarcely  think  it  worth  their 
while  to  bestow  more  than  a  passing 
glance.  On  taking  down  the  adjacent 
buildings,  the  church  stood  out  in  to 
bold  a  point  of  view,  that  no  one,  except 
thoee  who  had  criticilly  examined  t&e 


464 


Church  of  St.  Bentt  Fink. 


[May, 


structure,  could  suppose  it  possessed 
80  much  merit  as  it  really  does. 

The  plan  of  the  church  is  uncommon, 
and  very  effective.  The  external  walls 
form  a  decagon  ;  in  the  interior  a 
peristyle  of  columns,  disposed  in  an 
oval  plan,  make  the  church  into  a 
nave,  with  a  surrounding  aisle, — the 
central  portion  being  covered  with  a 
dome,  which  had  formerly  a  lantern 
on  its  apex.  The  tower  is  built  against 
the  western  face  of  the  decagon,  and 
the  lower  story  forms  an  open  porch, 
covering  the  entrance  to  the  church  and 
churchyard.  This  tower,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  its  eastern  wall,  is  quite  free 
of  the  church,  and  rises  from  the  ground 
independent  of  the  main  edifice,  which, 
in  consequence  of  its  plan,  recedes 
from  the  tower.  This  is  the  only  in- 
stance in  London  of  a  similar  arrange- 
ment ;  yet  it  is  so  good  that  the  plan 
of  the  edifice  might  form  a  standard 
for  church  architects.  The  tower  is 
of  no  great  altitude  (110  feet),  but  the 
proportions  are  excellent.  It  rises 
square  and  unbroken  from  the  base 
to  the  parapet,  where  an  oval  window 
in  each  face  breaks  the  cornice  that 
finishes  the  elevation,  and  which,  in 
consequence,  sweeps  over  the  head  of 
these  windows.  A  dome  rises  above 
the  tower,  crowned  with  a  square  lan- 
tern, open  in  each  face,  and  finished 
with  a  low  spire,  ending  in  a  ball  and 
cross.  The  arch  of  entrance,  which  is 
on  the  north  side,  has  a  bold  and  hand- 
some frontispiece,  recessed  in  the 
manner  of  a  nich«. 

Viewing  the  tower  and  church  from 
the  open  apace  in  the  front,  the  boldness 
of  the  design  and  the  harmony  of  the 
parts  will  be  apparent  to  every  spec- 
tator. The  graceful  termination  of  the 
tower  by  its  gradual  and  welUturned 
dome,  leading  by  progressive  steps  to 
the  cross  at  the  apex,  forms  a  correct 
and  excellent  finish  to  the  square  de- 
sign,  and  gives  to  the  entire  structure 
that  artificial  height  which  the  ar- 
chitects of  our  fine  old  steeples  knew 
so  well  how  to  create  in  their  designs. 
The  eye,  descending  from  the  summit 
of  the  tower,  catches  the  side  walls  of 
the  church,  and  the  oval  dome  behind  ; 
and  here  it  will  be  seen  how  admira- 
bly the  architect  has  preserved  the 
leading  feature  of  his  design,  which  is 
a  dome,  throughout  the  whole  of  his 
composition.  The  loss  of  the  tower 
2 


will  prove  an  irreparable  injury  to  the 
church,  which,  denuded  of  this  appro- 
priate appendage,  will  appear  mean  and 
insignificant,  and  will  in  all  proba- 
bility, at  no  very  distant  period,  re- 
ceive a  similar  fate  from  the  hands  of 
some  future  band  of  improvers. 

A  notice  of  the  monuments,  and 
some  other  particulars  of  this  church, 
will  be  found  in  Gent.  Mag.  for  March 
1836,  N.8.,  vol.  V.  p.  256.  The  backs 
of  the  houses  in  Sweeting's  Rents, 
taken  down  for  the  improvements, 
abutted  on  the  burying  ground  at- 
tached to  this  church.  These  houses 
were  partly  built  over  the  churchyard, 
being  sustained  on  pillars,  forming  a 
kind  of  walk  or  cloister  on  one  side  of 
the  open  space  constituting  the  burial 
ground.  This  mode  of  buildins  will 
explain  the  meaning  of  dotttiia. 
which  are  so  often  mentigiicd  bj 
Stowe  as  appertaiuing  to  tlia.  piarHh 
churches  of  London,  as  wtU  aa  tba 
term  "jetty/'  so  oilan  met  with  in 
deeds  and  otlier  documents  relating  to 
the  dty  in  its  former  state.  Tike  present 
modern  colonnade  has  sapefiadcd  the 
ancient  cloisters  with  their  superin* 
cumbent  apartments  ;  and  th%' jetties, 
though  in  modem  times  laid  into  and 
forming  part  of  the  adjacent  bouses, 
are,  in  fact,  held  under  distinct  tenures. 

But  these  structures  are  not  the 
only  edifices  dedicated  to  the  purposes 
of  religion,  which  will  be  injured  by 
the  Royal  Exchange  improvement.  It 
is  said  that  the  French  Protestant 
church  in  Thread  needle  street  is  wholly 
or  in  part  to  be  taken  down.  This 
structure,  which  is  as  large  as  a  parish 
church,  and  fitted  up  in  a  similar  style 
to  the  majority  of  the  metropolitan 
churches,  stands  on  the  site  of  St. 
Anthony 's  Hospital,  thechapel  of  which 
has  remained  in  use  by  a  congregation 
of  foreign  Protestants  from  the  time  of 
the  dissolution. 

The  three  edifices  which  form  the 
subject  of  this  article  are  minutely 
described  in  Allen's  London,  vol.  iii. 
pp.  200,  202,  220. 

The  apathy  with  which  the  removal 
of  St.  Bartholomew's  church  has  been 
regarded  will  be  remembered  and  felt 
when  perhaps  the  loss  of  this  church 
will  be  found  a  trifle  in  comparison 
with  the  wholesale  destruction  to  which 
ere  long  the  churches  of  the  metropolis 
may  chance  to  be  destined.    £.  I.  C. 


1840.]  Sufferings  of  Mrs,  Foster,  at  York,  temp,  Etix*  465 

Mr.  Urban,  Feh,S,  ^^  the  town  (York)  wherein    she 

rt,,,,^  r  11  «.    r«.u     1     «.!.  dwelt  was  whollT  Cathohck  and  many  of 

THE  following  account  of  the  death  ^^em  reconciled  to  the  Church  ;  so  that 

of  Mrs.  Foster,  who  underwent  great  gometimes  when  the  beU  rung  to  service, 

persecution  and  imprisonment  at  York  the  minister  shut  up  the  church  doors  be- 

for  the  Roman  Catholic  faith,  and   to  cause  few  or  none  came  to  his  mmistry  or 

which  her  death  was  attributed,  is  ex-  service,  which  was  principally  imput^  to 

tracted  from  a  curious  and  interesting  Mrs.  Foster,  who  was  charged  to  be  so 

MS.   kindly    lent   me   by  the  present  great  and  monstrous  a  papist,   that  the 

community  of  Syon  Monastery  at  Lis-  neighbours  and  towns  there  about  were 

bon.    The  volume  contains  a  recital  of  «"d  to   be  led    and   perverted  by  her. 

the  wanderings  and  personal  treatment  ^°^^t''  f^°?*  ™  i^""  continual  alms 

of  the  Bridgetine  Nuns  of  Syon  Mo-  j^f.^  ^^n^%.Z  ^\  TT'    X^v 

^j.         ^1     r         *i:  -J  *"y  on    All    Souls*    day  and   such   like 

nasterv.  at  Isleworth   from  the  period  ^^^^^  whereby  they  proved  her  to  be 

of  their  second  dissolution   by  Queen  ,  notorious  and  bold  maintoiner  of  the  old 

Klizabeth.  to  their  settlement  at  Lis-  and  superstitious  popery  and  religion,  and 

bon  in  1594,  the  details  of  which  will  that  she  and   her  daughters,  with  Mrs. 

he  found  in  my  forthcoming  History  of  Clitherow  and  others,  their  companions, 

that  Monastery.  had  already  with  their  meetings  and  as- 

Mrs.  Foster  was  the  mother  of  Mr.  semblies,  and  even  at  their  gossiping  and 

Foster,    who.    when    the    Bridgetine  feasting,  done  much  hurt  in  York,   and 

Nuns  fled  to  the  Continent,  took  upon  ^o«l<*  ^^  ™»»ch  more  if  they  were  pcr- 

himself  the  affairs  of  the  community,  "*"«?•     Hereupon   Mrs.  Clitherow  was 

found  a  convent  for  them  at  Rouen.  *PP''jJ*^'*^^^  ^    ^^^t.  ^"^""^^^'^ 

,     -.  1      *.  *u  *       i,  *nd  Mrs.  Foster  with  her  two  daughters, 

and  afterwards  at  the  earnest  entrea-  j^„  p^^^^  ^^^  j^„  ^^^  p^^^^  ^^^ 

ties  of  his  friends,  and  of  the  Lady  committed  to  prison,  whose  imprisonment 

Abbess    and    convent,    entered    their  being  long  and  painful,  and  the  prison 

order  March  8th  1584,  and  was  elected  standing  over  the  great  river  Owse,  on  the 

their  Confessor- general.     No  notice  is  middle  of  the  bridge,  and  consequently 

taken  of   the    life    and    sufferings    of  cold,  moist,  and  very  unwholesome,  and 

M  rs.  Foster,  either  in  "  Dodd's  Church  the  comer  wherein  she  was  kept  very  little, 

History,"  the  "Memoirs  of  Mission-  close  and  uncomforUble,  quite  contrary 

ary   Priests,"   or   in   a   book   entitled  ^    ^^^   nature    and    custom,    her    life 

"  The    Persecution,    or    Martyrs    of  7^  ^^^^"^1  shortened,  and  with  divers 

Kngland,  written  by  a  Jeronvmite."  mfirmities  occasioned  by  her  pnson  she 

v,>.,..a    k,^      r    I    A«t'«ro«*B  '"'^^  brought  to  her  end  and  death.     At 

\  ours,  &c.     G.  J.  AuMOiER.  ^^.^j^  ^^^^  ^^^  ^.^  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^^^ 

*'  Mistress  Foster,  our  Father*s  mother,  womanish  fear  and  weakness,  nor  was  she 

was   prrsecutcd   and    apprehended   upon  unmindful  of  the  cause  for  which  she  died, 

two  or  three  accounts,  one  of  which  was,  but,  stirred  up  with  a  devout  and  deep 


*  The  subjoined  account  of  the  death  of  Mrs.  Clitherow  is  extracted  firom  a  scarce 
work,  entitled  "  Memoirs  of  Missionary  Priests,*'  vol  i.  p.  189.  This  lady  is  not 
notired  in  **  Dodd's  Church  History.** 

**  On  the  2r>th  March  1586,  Mrs.  Margaret  Clithero,  whose  maiden  name  was  Mid- 
dleton,  a  gentlewoman  of  a  good  family  in  Yorkshire,  was  pressed  to  death  at  York. 
She  was  prosecuted  under  that  violent  persecution  raised  in  those  times,  by  the  Earl 
of  Huntingdon,  Lord  President  of  the  North.  The  crime  she  was  charged  with  was 
relievintr  and  harl>ouring  priests.  She  refused  to  plead,  that  she  might  not  bring 
others  into  danj^er  by  her  conviction,  or  be  accessary  to  the  Jurymen's  sins  in  con- 
demning the  innocent,  and  therefore,  as  the  law  appoints  in  such  cases,  she  was 
pressed  to  death.  She  bore  this  cruel  torment  with  invincible  patience,  often  repeat- 
ing in  the  way  to  execution,  that  /Alt  way  to  Heaven  wat  at  thort  at  any  other.  Her 
husband  was  forced  into  banishment.  Her  little  children,  who  wept  and  lamented  for 
their  mother,  were  taken  up.  and  being  questioned  concerning  the  articles  of  their 
Rclifrion,  and  answering  as  they  had  been  taught  by  them,  were  severely  whipped, 
and  the  eldest,  who  was  but  twelve  years  old,  was  cast  into  prison.  Her  life  was 
written  by  the  reverend  and  learned  Mr.  John  Muth^  her  director,  who,  after  many 
years  lal)ouring  with  great  fruit  in  the  Bnglith  mission,  after  having  suffered  prisons 
and  chains,  and  received  even  the  sentence  of  death  for  his  faith,  died  at  length  in  his 
lN*d,  in  a  f^oo<l  old  a^^e  in  1G17.'*  Mr.  John  Mush,  born  in  Yorkshire,  wrote  an  ac- 
count of  the  RufTeTin^s  of  Catholics  in  the  northern  parts  of  England. — Dodd's  Church 
History,  vol.  ii.  p.  1  !.'>. 

(ih.VT.  Mau.  Vol.  XIII.  .1  O 


466 


Sufferings  of  Mrs.  Foster,  at  Yorkt  temp.  Eiiz, 


[May, 


consideration  thereof,  she  called  for  Dr. 
Darbyshire,  then  prisoner,  and  her  ghostly 
Father,  with  the  rest  of  the  Catholicks  in 
that  jail,  in  whose  presence  she  made  a 
Tery  zealous  profession  of  her  faith,  and 
took  them  all  for  witness  of  it  that  she, 
being  then  in  her  full  understanding  and 
perfect  senses,  died  there  in  the  cause  of 
Christ's    Church,     thanking    God   most 
humbly  for  it  in  a  devout  speech  to  that 
purpose.     After  this  she  called  for  the 
last  sacraments,  desiring  the  company  to 
assist  her  with  their  prayers,  and  after  she 
had   received  the   said   sacraments  with 
great  devotion  and  tears  she  desired  her 
ghostly  Father  to  write  for  her  the  follow- 
ing words :  *  I,  Ann  Foster,  though  most 
unworthy  of  this  grace  of  God,  do  die  in 
the  profession  of  the  Catholick  Faith,  and 
likewise  have  received  all  the  last  Sacra- 
ments of  the  Catholick  Church,  and  finally 
I  am  buried  after  the  rite  and  with  the 
ceremonies  of  the  true  Church  of  Christ, 
wherefore  my  last  will  and  testament  is 
this,  that  no  minister  nor  any  other  such 
person  have  anything  to  do  with  my  dead 
body/      And    this    writing,   which   was 
nothing  else  but  a  conformity  to  her  faith 
and  the  cause  of  her  imprisonment  and 
death,  she  besought  her  ghostly  Father  to 
put  in  her  hand  when  she  was  dead  ;  who, 
considering  her  great  zeal    and   blessed 
notion,   satisfied  her  desire,    which  the 
minister  of  the  parish  and  the  hereticks, 
finding  in  her  hand  and  reading  it,  it  is 
almost  incredible  how  they  chafed  at  it, 
but  especially  the  minister,  who  put  the 
whole  city  in  an  uproar,  and  also  com- 
plained to  the  Queen's  council,  and  to  tlie 
Earl  of  Huntingdon,  a  puritan,  and  the 
Queen's  President  in  that  city ;  he  com- 
plained also  to  the  Archbishop  and  the 
Dean  and  Chapter,  and  not  only  so,  but 
most  inhumanly  caused  the  dead  coarse  to 
be  brought  out  of  prison  and  laid  openly 
on  the  bridge  in  the  common  street,  for 
all  the  world  to  gase  and  wonder  at.     In 
the  mean  season  the  President  and  Council, 
Archbishop  and  Chapter,  were  assembled 
about  this  bold  and  traitorous  act  (as  they 
termed  it)  of  writing  her  last  will,  and  im- 
mediately sent  for  Mr.  Foster,   blaming 
him  for  this  heinous  trespass  of  his  wife ; 
to  whom  he  answered,   *  That  he  had  not 
offended  her  Majesty  m  anything,  and  that 
he  was  not  there  when  his  wife  died,  which 
is   all   (said  he)  that  I  can   say  in  this 
matter.' 

"  Finally,  while  some  gave  sentence  to 
bury  her  in  some  dunghill,  others  would 
have   her  cast  into  the   river  from   the 


bridge  on  which  she  lay.     Mr.  Foster  be- 
sought their  honours  to  consider  that  she 
was  but  a  woman,  and,  being  now  dead, 
never    could     offend    them    any    more ; 
whereat  the  Council  was  discontented,  and 
asked  him  how  he  durst  intreat  for  such  a 
papist,  and  began  to  call  him  in  question 
for  his   conscience,   affirming  that  they 
knew  well  enough  what  he  was,  and  would 
then  have  committed  him,  if  some  com- 
missioners on  the  bench  had  not  favoured 
him  ;  notwithstanding  all  this  he  replied 
thus,  '  That,  whatever  she  was,  she  was 
his  wife,  and  he  bound  by  the  law  of  God 
to  love,  honour,  and  protect  her,  and  this 
being  the  last  and  least  thing  he  could  do 
for  her,  he  humbly  besought  them  to  give 
him  leave  to   bury  her;'  which  request 
by  friends  present  was  at  last  agreed  to  in 
this  manner,  that  he  might  take  her  out 
of  the   minister's  power,   and  bury  her 
where  he  would  without  any  other  solem- 
nity than  only  to  put  her  in  the  grave. 
Very  glad  was  he  of  this  licence,  since  they 
could  not  have  done  a  greater  benefit  either 
to  him  or  her,  for  he  knew  very  well  the 
great  love  and   devotion  she  had  to  the 
Earl  of  Northumberland,  who  was  mar- 
tyred in  York,*  and  buried  in  Holy  Cross 
Church,  whose  grave  Mr.  Foster  opened, 
and  without  any  hindrance  laid  her  with 
that  blessed  Martyr's   relicks;   and  thus 
two  of  her  earnest  desires   were  in  one 
instant  fulfilled,  according  to  the  prophet 
in  the  144th  Psalm,  *  Vnluntatem  timen- 
tium  se  faciet.'     '  God  will  fulfill  the  de- 
sires of  those  that  fear  him.'     One  thing 
she  desired  was  to  be  buried  in  the  church 
where  the  foresaid  martvr  was  laid,  the 
other  to  be  buried  without  any  heretical 
ceremonies.     This  news  of  the  manner  of 
his  mother's  death  was  brought   to  our 
father  in  Rome,  and  was  more  fully  re- 
lated to  him  by  her  own  ghostly  father 
Mr.  John  Mush,  who  not  long  ago  died 
a  professed  religious  in  Syon.'* 

Mr.Ubban.     Morley^^  near  Leeds, 

March  4. 

THE  publication  of  "The  Corre- 
spondence of  the  Earl  of  Chatham" 
has  stimulated  the  literary  public  to 
renewed  exertions  to  unravel  the  mys- 
tery— who  was  Jnntus  ? 

In  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
1769,  the  first  letter  of  Junius  is  in- 
troduced with  this  brief  recommenda- 
tion. "The  following  pages  are 
written  with  a  knowledge  of  public 
affairs  beyond  the  line  of  ordinary  in- 


♦  Thomas  seventh  Earl  of  Northumberland,   beheaded  at  York,  after  the  risinc  of 

the  Northern  Earls,  Aug.  ^^i,  1572. 


1810.] 


Review  of  Publications  respecliug  Junius. 


467 


formatiun,  and  are  therefore  suSmitted 
to  the  inspection  of  our  readers."  That 
time  has  not  falsified  the  correctness  of 
Mr.  Urban's  opinion,  the  succeeding 
volumes  of  that  delightful  periodical 
bear  ample  evidence. 

Your  readers  are  aware,  Mr.  Urban, 
that  the  essays  or  letters  of  Junius 
were  iirst  printed  in  a  daily  newspaper, 
the  Public  Advertiser,  published  by 
Mr.  Henry  Sampson  Woodfall.  Im- 
mediately subsequent  to  the  appearance 
of  the  last  letter  of  Junius,  Mr.  H.  S. 
Woodfall  published  the  series  of  letters 
in  two  volumes,  and  the  work  came 
out  under  the  inspection  of  Junius 
hitnself.  In  the  preface  Junius  says, 
•'  The  cncouraL^ement  given  to  a  mul- 
titude of  s[)urious,  mangled  publica- 
tions of  Junius,  persuades  me  that  a 
complete  edition,  corrected  and  im- 
proved by  the  author,  will  be  tavour- 
ablv  received.     This  edition   contains 

0 

u!I  the  letters  of  Junius,  Philo- Junius, 
and  of  Sir  William  Draper  and  Mr. 
Home  to  Junius,  with  their  respective 
dates,  and  according  to  the  order  in 
which  they  appeared  in  the  Public  Ad- 
vertiser." The  public  was  satisfied 
with  this  explicit  declaration  of  the 
author,  until  the  year  1812,  when  Mr. 
(iL't)r^e  Woodfall,  tlie  sou  of  the  ori- 
;^inat  printer,  sent  forth  into  the  lite- 
rary world,  a  volume,  consisting  of 
one  Imndred  and  ten  letters,  which  he 
^ivled  "The  Miscellaneous  Letters  of 
Junius."  'J'hc  reputation  of  the  father, 
the  Woodfall  of  Junius,  gave  to  the 
collection  of  Mr.  (ieorge  Woodfall  a 
character  which  introduced  it  into  the 
libraries  of  the  admirers  of  Junius,  and 
without  exciting  any  suspicion,  it  was 
received  as  containing  the  genuine 
letters  of  Junius.  The  authenticity  of 
the  MibCcllaneousLettershad  never  been 
(|uebtioned,  until  the  year  1S31.  On 
referriui^  to  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine, vour  readers  will  find  a  short, 
yet  favourable,  review  of  a  small  pam- 
phlet, written  expressly  to  prove  that 
the  Mistcellaneous  Letters  were  spuri- 
<Kis.  And  in  a  second  edition,  pub- 
lished in  18.33,  the  proofs  of  their 
being  spurious  are  multiplied.  The 
title  of  the  pamphlet  is  "  Junius  Lord 
(*hatham,  and  the  '  Miscellaneous 
Letters*  proved  to  be  spurious." 

It  may,  |>erhaps,  be  useful  if  1  give 
your  readers  a  brief  account  of  the  dif- 
ferent  treatises  on  Juoius,    and    the 


names  of  the  presumed  authors  of  those 
Letters,  noticed  in  the  volumes  of  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  from  the  year 
1769  to  the  present  time.  Twenty 
volumes  of  this  Magazine  had  ap- 
peared, after  1769>  before  the  slightest 
notice  was  taken,  by  any  of  its  numer- 
ous correspondents,  of  the  Letters  of 
Junius. 

In  1 789  one  anonymous  writer  says, 
"Junius  was  no  other  than  the  late 
Thomas  Hollis,  Ksq. ;"  another  person 
points  to  Mr.  Wilkes,  and  a  third  to 
Mr.  Hart  and  Mr.  Gerard  Hamilton. 
In  this  year  P.  Thicknesse,  Esq.  pub- 
lishes a  work,  "  Junius  Discovered." 
He  names  Mr.  Home  Tooke.  The 
question  was  allowed  to  rest  for  ten 
years,  when,  in  1798,  Mr.  Wilkes' 
claims  are  again  revived,  and  Lord. 
G.  Sackville,  the  Right  Hon.  W.  G. 
Hamilton,  Mr.  Burke,  and  Mr.  Dun- 
ning, are  brought  forward  as  competi- 
tors for  the  prize. 

1799  introduces  us  to  Mr.  Hugh 
MacAulav,  who  assumed  the  name  of 
Boyd,  and  a  hint  is  given  that  Dr. 
Gilbert  Stuait  was  Junius. 

1800  brings  before  the  public  as  a 
candidate  the  Rev.  P.  Rosenhagen,  and 
then  a  second  long  respite  is  allowed 
to  the  shade  of  the  great  unkoowo,  to 
be  disquieted  in  the  year 

1812  by  Mr.  George  Woodfall,  who 
published  an  edition  of  tlie  Letters  of 
Junius,  including  others  by  the  same 
writer,  and  under  other  siguatures. 
The  year 

18 13  is  pregnant  with  competitors- 
Lord  Shelburne,  Dr.  Wilmot,  Mr. 
Greatrake,  and  a  small  volume  appears 
in  support  of  Dr.  Francis  and  his  sob 
Sir  Philip  Francis.  We  have  also  Mr. 
Roche's  work,  "  proving  that  Mr. 
Burke  was  Junius." 

1814  introduces  but  one  pretender, 
Mr.  Richard  Glover. 

1816.  Sir  P.  Francis  is  again  before 
the  public,  and  would  have  occupied 
its  undivided  attention  if  Dr.  Busby's 
"  facts  and  arguments  "  had  not  dis- 
tracted our  notice — he  "  demonstrates 
that  JohnLewisDeLoIme  was  Junius." 
But  how  vain  are  such  facts,  argu- 
ments, and  demonstrations.  De  Lolme 
is  rudely  pushed  aside ;  "  William 
Henry  Cavendish  Bcntinck,  stand  forth 
— for  thou  art  the  man." 

1817.  "lliat  profound  and  accom- 
plished scholar.  Sir  Wiliiam  Jt.nes," 


-t()8     Disputed  Authenticinf  of  Junius  8  ''  Miscellaneous  Letters.*'     [May, 


is  driven  into  the  IJAts,  to  be  expelled 
by  the  champion.  Sir  I'.  Francis. 

IS  19.  "A  refutation  on  the  claims 
preferred  for  Sir  P.  Francis  and  Mr. 
Gibbon." 

1822.  The  delightful  "  Reminiscen- 
ces of  Charles  Butler  "  appeared.  The 
Octogenarian  maintains  that  Lord  Sack- 
ville  was  Junius,  and  Sir  P.  Francis 
his  amanuensis. 

1S20.  iMr.  George  Coventry's  "  Cri- 
tical Inquiry  proving  the  Letters  of 
Junius  to  have  been  written  by  Lord 
Sackville." 

1826.  "Mr.  Burke  proved  to  be 
Junius." 

1827-  "The  claims  of  Sir  P.  Francis 
disproved.  Inquiries  into  the  claims 
of  Charles  Lloyd.  Observations  on 
the  character  of  Burke,  &c.  by  E.  H. 
Barker,  Esq."  This  work  contains  a 
mass  of  curious  information  on  this 
question. 

1830.  A  discussion  on  the  subject  of 
Lord  Temple's  being  the  writer  of  the 
Letters. 

1831.  "An  attempt  to  prove  that 
Lord  Chatham  was  Junius." 

1833.  "Junius  Lord  Chatham,  and 
the  '  Miscellaneous  Letters/  proved  to 
be  spurious." 

1838.  From  Mr.  Green's  "Diary  of  a 
Lover  ofLiterature,"December2, 1812, 
"  Called  at  Row's — Gibson  there.  He 
conjectured  Junius  to  be  Lord  G.  Sack- 
ville.     I  suggested  Lord  Chatham." 

"  The  conjectures  have  been  extended 
by  the  present  Sir  Charles  Grey  to 
Horace  Walpole."  Editor  of  Gent. 
Magazine. 

1840.  In  the  number  for  this  pre- 
sent month  of  March  there  is  a  Re- 
view of  "  Lord  Brougham's  Historical 
Sketches  of  Statesmen."  Mr.  Urban 
remarks,  "  Sir  J.  Mackintosh  came, 
after  careful  inquiries,  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  whoever  was  the  author  of 
these  Letters,  he  was  connected  with 
the  Grenville  party,  but  we  know  also 


that  the  late  Mr.  Windham  always 
suspected  Gibbon  to  be  the  author ;  " 
— "  Wilkes  threw  his  suspicions  on 
Butler,  Bishop  of  Hereford,  and  Dr. 
S.  Parr  was  positive  (according  to  his 
usual  disposition)  that  Mr.  Lloyd  was 
the  man  in  the  iron  mask." 

From  this  general  review  of  the 
subject,  so  far  as  it  is  noticed  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  it  appears  that 
few  attempts  had  been  made  to  dis- 
cover who  was  the  writer  of  the 
Letters  of  Junius,  prior  to  the  publi- 
cation of  the  "  Miscellaneous  Letters," 
and  it  is  as  undeniably  true  that  every 
work  written  after  the  year  1812, 
rested  the  pretensions  of  the  claimant, 
mainly,  if  not  entirely,  on  the  facts, 
arguments,  opinions,  and  assertions, 
to  be  found  in  the  "Miscellaneous 
Letters." 

It  is  not  necessary  for  me  to  enter 
into  the  question  of  the  authenticity 
of  those  Letters  ;  my  opinions  have 
been  for  many  years  before  the  public. 
I  may,  however,  be  permitted  to  pro- 
duce the  admissions  of  other  public 
writers  in  their  favour,  and  they  may 
be  entitled  to  particular  attention. 

The  Editors  of  the  "  Correspondence 
of  the  Earl  of  Chatham,"  observe  in  a 
note,  vol.  iii.  p.  305, — "  This  pane- 
gyric on  Lord  Chatham  adds  consider- 
able weight  to  an  opinion  entertained 
by  many  persons,  namely,  that  some 
of  the  Miscellaneous  Letters,  inserted 
in  Woodfall's  edition  of  Junins,  are 
erroneously  attributed  to  that  distin- 
guished writer."  It  would  have  been 
more  satisfactory  if  the  Editors  of  this 
note  had  stated  where  the  recorded 
opinions  of  many  persons  could  be 
referred  to.  However  little  merit  there 
may  be  in  having  proved  the  Miscel- 
laneous Letters  spurious  and  worthless, 
yet  I  cannot  tacitly  permit  any  one  to 
claim  that  little  honour  to  which  I 
consider  myself  fairly  entitled.*  Bat 
to  proceed.    My  object  is  to  bring  the 


*  In  the  Index  at  the  end  of  the  4th  volume  of  the  ''  Correspondence  of  the  Earl 
of  Chatham,"  voce  Junius,  is  this  curious  passage  :  **  Quotation  from  Junius,  bearing 


the  Editors  assuming  a  "false  fact.'*     They ^. ^^  .^_ 

markable  coincidences  **  in  the  Letters  of  Junius  and  the  speeches  of  Lord  Chatham : 
and  then  they  consider  as  proved,  that  the  reporter  of  those  speeches  must  have  been 
Junius,  because  the  sentiments  of  Junius  and  Chatham  are  most  remarkably  coincident. 
If  the  Editors  had  turned  to  the  pages  of  the  pamphlet,  "Junius  Lord  Chatham/'  they 
might  have  extended  the  number  of  coincidenoes. 


irt-10.] 


Cei/iiig  iftlw  Bl'ick  Boy  Inn,  Chtlmt/uid. 


4G9 


qucsliun  of  the  |>resume<l  authenticity 
nf  ttic  Miscellaneous  Letters  distinctly 
beiun-  the  p\ih)\c,  and  tlirnu(;h  tlie 
ini'ilium  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine. 
Tu  elucidate  this  question,  we  must 
search  fur  uur  arguments  ami  infer- 
All  (irhcrs  arc fallnciijus. untenable,  and 
HH~iir<l.  (!ui(led  in  our  judgment  by 
HUrh  curri'Cl  ilala,  how  shall  we  desig- 
n:ilL-  the  productions  of  Mr.  Tavior, 
Mr.  Coventry.  &c.  when  it  is  aii  ac 
knuwU'dgcd  fact  that  the  spurious 
[.etti'rs  were  coni^idtred  by  those  gen- 
tleman a<>  the  genuine  productions  of 
the  pen  ofJuLiius  >  If  the  Miscellane- 
ous Letters  had  not  had  an  eiialence, 
I'V.'u  the  hyixithesis  by  Mr.  Taylor  in 
r.ivriur  cif  Sir  Philip  Francia  could  not 
hitvt'  been  formed.  Such  an  investi- 
;:^i!iiin,  cmducted  on  logical  principles 
iiiid  just  inferences,  may  not  indeed 
I'liuhit'  us  to  detect   the  writer  of  the 

suredly  allow  us  to  devote  our  un. 
bi.isc'd  faculties  and  our  energies  io  its 
elucidation,  and  narrow  the  circle  in 
whirli  future  reneurches  must  be  car- 
ried. In  the  third  and  fourth  volumes 
of  the  "  Curres|iondence  of  the  Ear]  of 
Chatham,"  there  are  two  private  Let- 
leis  addrossed  bv  Junius  to  Lord 
Cliatham.  The  discovery  of  the  ei- 
i-tirre  of  thfse  two  letteia,  appears 
at  variance  with  the  claim  1  have  en- 
dinvourcd  (o  suhstanliate  in  favour  of 
that  nrihleiiian.  1  am  not,  however, 
convinced  that  my  conjectures  are  er- 
roneous, and,  with  your  permission, 
Mr.  l.'djan,  I  will  in  tiume  early  num- 
ber iifyour  Magazine  state  the  rea'oiis 
which  induenCF  me  in  the  belief,  that 
two  sniiulilitkrd  private  letters  written 
by  the  unknown  Junius  to  Lord 
('hnlliam.  arc  not  an  insuperable  ob- 
jection, to  the  opinion  which  I  hold, 
that  Lord  Chatham  was  Juniu«.  I 
will  conclude  thii  long,  yet  I  hope  not 
estiuK  letter  with   an   extract 


mentary  on  this  interesting  fact. 
With  afewshortei  tracts  from  my  pam- 
phlet of  1833,  I  will  finally  close  this 
communication.  "The  family  papera 
of  the  Karl  of  Chatham  were  be- 
queathed by  him  in  trust  to  Lady 
Chatham,  Richard  Earl  Temple, 
and  Charles  Lord  Camden."  Now, 
bearing  in  mind  that  Lord  Temple  and 
Lady  Chatham  were  in  the  relation- 
ship of  brother  and  sister  to  George 
GrenviUe,  and  of  uncle  and  aunt  to  the 
Marquess  of  Buckingham,  it  will  not 
require  a  great  stretch  of  imagination 
to  conceive,  "  that  the  Dute  of  Buck- 
ingham had  from  certain  document* 
found  in  his  archives  (at  Stowe)  dis- 
covered who  really  was  the  author  of 
the  Letters  of  Junius."  '"  The  Stowe 
archives  are  liept  as  a  sealed  book, 
and  no  ordinary  Inducements  will 
ever  lead  the  Grenvittes,  the  Bucking- 
hams,  Temples,  or  Chatbams  of  this 
generation  to   break    the   seal  of  aC' 

Youn,  &c.    John  Swihdik, 

Mb.  Urbas.  SprtHsfirld. 

I  SbIND  you  sketches  of  two  boaaet 
taken  from  the  ceiling  of  one  of  the 
rooms  at  the  Black  Buy,  Chelmsford. 

There  is  a  tradition  that  Richard 
in.  was  hunting  in  the  f.>rest,  and, 
being  missed  by  his  courtiers,  waa 
afterwards  found  at  this  house.  One 
of  the  bosses  has  the  figure  of  a  boar. 


fior 


hich  1    I 
er    Is;to,   from   the  "  Reminis- 
nt,"  the  late  Mr.  Charlea  Butler: 
"  1   believe  the  most  probable  ac- 
respecting 


the  d 


;    Stowi 


,   that   I 


r  wni  found  in  the  fnmily  pB|icrs, 

erlained  to  be  in  the  hand- 
<if  a  person  known  to  the  fn- 
1  will  not  indulge  in  a  com- 


painled  of  a  dark  blue,  surrounded  by 
a  border  of  the  same  colour,  with 
bright  red  stars  [mullets,] ;  the  panael 
within  is  of  a  deep  red.  The  other 
boss  is  a  ruse,  originally  painted  wliite. 


I H40.]  The  Strngglfs  of  Civil  and  Ecclesiastical  Authority.  471 


that  the  Black  Boy  belonged  either  to 
the  Karl  of  Oxford,  as  a  provincial 
town  house  or  hostelry,  or  to  one  of 
his  principal  friends  and  adherents, 
who  miiiht  display  the  heraldic  insig- 
nia of  his  lord. — Edit. 


Mr.  Urban,        Cork,  March  8. 
THE  observations  with  which  Mr. 
Hallam  has  honoured  my  notice  of  his 
History  of  Literature,  "  in  reference  to 
the  authority  of  the  Council  ofTrent," 
neither  do,  nor  are  meant  to  arraign 
my  assertion  of  the  unreserved  and  de- 
clared submission  of  the   Roman  Ca- 
tholic C'hurch,   as  represented   by  her 
clcrcy,  in  every  part  of  the  world,  to 
the  doctrinal  decrees  of  that  council, 
which  on  the   contrary  they  affirm  and 
recognize  ;     while    the    distinguished 
writer  owns  that,  as  applicable  to  the 
(iailican  Church,  his  expressions  "may 
have  conveyed  something  less  than  the 
truth  to  the  mind   of  a  reader  unac- 
quainted   with  the  subject."      So    it 
Ktruck  me  ;  and  this  was  the  impelling 
motive   of  my    late   appeal    to    your 
columns  ;  for,  as  the  greater   portion 
of  readers  must  be  presumed  little  fa- 
miliar with  the  topic,   I   wished  not 
that    the    shadow  of  a  doubt  should 
obscure  the  truth  ;  and  the  more  emi- 
nent is  Mr.  Hallam's  name  for  gene- 
ral impartiality  on  controverted  ques- 
tions, the  more  anxious  I  was,  that  his 
}iigh  authority   should   not  appear  to 
countenance  the  doubt  deducibic  from 
his  languafie.     If  I  did  not  introduce 
into  my  extract  from  his  paragraph  the 
words  of  which  he  mirks  the  omission, 
he   must  have   perceived  tliat  I   gave 
him,   in  the   preceding  sentence,    full 
credit  for  their  import,  in  stating  that, 
'*  with  a   knowledge  and   impartiality 
far   superior  to   most  of  our   English 
writers,  he  was,   in  general,  careful  to 
separate  the  obligatory  canons  of  doc- 
trine from  the  local  regulations  of  dis- 
cipline."      But  an   exception   to  this 
rare  merit  occurred,  and  that,  too,  on 
a  momentous  point,  which  I  could  not 
suffer  to  elapse  unnoticed. 

Mr.  Hallam's  transcript  from  De 
Thou  in  relation  to  the  Emperor  Fer- 
dinand's recurrence  to  George  Cas- 
sander,  with  a  view  to  reconcile  the 
Augsburg  Confession  and  the  Triden- 
tine  decrees,  rather  sanctions,  it  will 
1)0  found,  my  prtvisioTi  of  its  purport. 
IVrdin.ind's  solicitude  for  the  accom- 


plishment of  so  desirable  an  object  was 
perfectly  legitimate  and  laudable,  and 
not  less  so  that  he  should  consult  an 
able  and  moderate  theologian  on  the 
means  of  success ;  as  the  matter  was, 
of  course,  beyond  his  own  competence 
of  judgment.      He  was  disappointed 
that  the  Council  had  not  effected  its 
destined  purpose  of  conciliation,  and 
was  anxious  to  learn  whether  any  hope 
of  achieving  that  end  still  existed  ;  but 
it  could  not  be,  in  his  intention,  by  the 
surrender  of  any  essential  tenet  of  faith, 
of  which  his  own  declaration,  quoted 
by  me  from  Ranke,  deprecates  all  dis- 
cussion.    We  may  also  assume  that 
the  disregard   manifested  for  the  im- 
perial mandates  emanating  from  hfm- 
self  and   his    renowned    predecessor, 
must  have  been  a  source  of  irritation. 
Sovereigns  naturally  behold  with  jea- 
lousy  what    is  independent   of  their 
control,  or  counteracts  their  will,  as 
religion  generally  does,    though  cer- 
tainly   less   so   in  England,    at   least 
during  the  early  periods  of  the  Reform- 
ation,   than  elsewhere ;  for  there,  as 
Mr.  Hallam  has  remarked  in  his  Con- 
stitutional   History     (vol.   i.  p.   140, 
Paris  edition)  "  Henry,  Edward,  Mary, 
and  F2lizabeth  found  an  almost  equal 
compliance  with  the  varying  schemes 
of  faith,"  as  if  to  verify  the  old  obser- 
vation, that  reform  is  never  right  at 
first.    In  Germany,  however,  the  edicts 
of  Charles  and  Ferdinand  fell  power- 
less on  the  popular  conscience,  which 
probably  in  England  would  now,  like- 
wise, be  less  tractable.     The  effect  of 
this  resistance  to  the  ruling  authority 
on  the  unenduring  pride  of  Napoleoo, 
is    expressed   with  such  energy  and 
point  in  the  "  Report  of  the  Delibera- 
tions of  his  Council  of  State,"  that  1 
cannot  forbear,  and  I  trust,  will  be  ex- 
cused for  citing  his  words.    They  were 
uttered  in  consequence  of  the  bull  of 
excommunication  fulminated  in  1809 
by  Pius  the  Seventh  against  the  mighty 
conqueror,  in   which   the   unsubdued 
Pontiff  emphatically  asserted  for  the 
Holy  See,  as  John  Knox  did  for  hit 
order,  "  a  sovereignty  far  more  noble 
than   the  imperial    sway,  unless,  he 
adds,  it  be  contended  that  the  body  is 
superior  to  the  soul,  and  the  interests 
of  the  earth  above  those  of  heaven." 
Upon  which  the  Emperor  exclaimed, 
"  Voycz  rinsolence  des  pr^trcs  . . .  qui 
'.e  rt'servciit  Taction  ^ur  rintclligencc 


472 


Ferdindnd  L  and  Cassatider, — BossueVs  Exposition.         [May, 


.  .  .  ils  gardent  r&me  et  me  jettedt  le 
cadavre,"  And,  on  another  occasion, 
'when  made  conscious  of  the  impossi-i 
bility  of  reducing  religion  to  the  pas- 
sive subserviency  of  civil  rule,  he  ob- 
served, with  equally  vivid  illustration^ 
"  Je  cherche  en  vain  oti  placer  la  limite 
entre  Tautorrt^  civile  et  Tautoritd  r^li- 
gieuse.  J'ai  beau  regarder,  je  ne  voia 
que  des  nuages.  Le  gouvernenient 
civil  condamne  k  mort  un  criminel ;  le 
prStre  lui  donne  I'absolution,  et  lui 
promet  le  paradis."  And  our  own 
criminal  records  daily  contirm  this  con- 
trasted  jurisdiction.  (See  Thibeaudeau, 
and  Pelet  de  la  Loz^re,  now  minister  of 
finance,  "  Sur  le  Conseil  d'Etat,"  and 
Bignon,  tome  viii.  p.  269>  281.) 
.  Ferdinand's,  consultation  with  Cas- 
sander,  I  may  add,  produced  no  prac 
tical  fruit ;  nor  was  the  subject  pursued 
after  the  death  of  the  Emperor  and 
divine,  which  almost  immediately  en- 
sued ;  and  altogether,  indeed,  the  cir- 
cumstance was  scarcely  entitled  to  the 
importance  attached  to  it  by  Mr.  Hal- 
lam.  Similar  and  more  serious  efforts 
of  posterior  date  have  been  equally  im- 
potent of  effect ;  nor  could  it  be  other- 
wise, where  one  party  cannot  and  the 
other  will  not,  yield,  while  both,  under 
different  forms,  lay  claim  alike  to  in- 
errability.  The  most  celebrated  of 
these  essays  of  union  was  that  at  the 
close  of  the  seventeenth  century,  which 
is  detailed,  at  ample  length,  by  Cardi- 
nal Beausset  in  his  Life  of  Bossuet, 
(livre  xii,)  when  Leibnitz  proposed  as 
a  basis,  or  protocole,  of  negotiation, 
that  the  Council  of  Trent  should  be 
wholly  set  aside,  {comme  non-avenu) 
which,  of  course,  it  was  impossible  for 
Bossuet  to  grant.  But  that  great  pre- 
late and  Cassander  were  differently 
constituted ;  and  the  latter,  it  is  well 
known,  like  Melancthon  among  the 
protestants,  fell  under  the  imputation 
of  carrying  his  pacific  character  to  the 
verge  of  latitudinarian  indifference. 
Many  an  attack,  we  learn  from  Mo- 
sheim  (vol.  iv.)  was  directed  against  the 
mild  reformer,  under  the  title  of  De 
Indifferentismo  Melancthonis,  which,  in 
truth,  would  appear  to  derive  some 
support  from  the  advice  he  gave  his 
mother,  a  Catholic,  when  consulted  by 
her  in  1529,  on  the  controversies  of 
the  day,  to  continue  to  believe  and  pray 
as  she  had  hitherto  done,  **  Ut  pergerct 
hoc  credere  ct  orare  quod  crcdidissct 
3 


et  orasset  hactenus,  nee  pateretur  se 
turbari  conflictibus  disputationam," 
says  Melchior  Adam,  a  professor  at 
Heidelberg.  (.VitseTheologorum,  in  0pp. 
tom.  i.  Frank.  1706  and  Boyle,  art. 
Melancthon.) 

Since  I  last  addressed  you,  I  have 
read  more  at  leisure,  than  circumstan- 
ces had  then  permitted  me  to  do,  Mr. 
Hallam's  volumes ;  and  the  perusal 
has,  if  possible,  enhanced  my  admira- 
tion of  the  erudition  they  evince,  and 
the  spirit  in  which  that  erudition  is 
applied  to  the  illustration  of  his  subject. 
It  likewise  suggested  some  additional 
remarks,  but  with  which  I  shall  not 
now  encumber  your  pages,  though  you 
will  allow  me,  I  hope,  to  mark  a  few 
necessary  corrections  in  my  own 
article,  arising,  1  am  quite  aware,  from 
my  indistinct  writing. 

At  p.  146,  line  46,  for  considerable 
read  inconsiderable ;  pages  250  and 
255,  Boyle,  read  Bayle ;  page  255, 
second  column,  line  28,  anew  sentence 
should  begin  after  the  word  books ; 
page  256,  first  column,  line  28,  for  t»- 
tolerable  read  intolerant,  and  same  page, 
second  column,  at  bottom,  after  ptt6- 
lished,  add  by. 

Yours,  &c.  J.  R. 


Mr.  Urban, 

AS  you  have  admitted  many  long 
papers  from  "J.  R.,"  including  iu 
almost  every  division  an  apology  for 
the  doctrines  and  practices  of  the 
modern  Church  of  Rome,  you  will  not 
decline,  I  hope,  the  insertion  of  a 
short  correction  of  his  delusive  state- 
ments, as  regards  Bossuet's  noted  Ex^ 
position,  sometimes  put  forward  as  an 
authorised  announcement  (which  it 
was  not)  of  the  doctrines  of  the  Latin 
sect. 

''Mens,  de  Meaux's  Exposition  qf  the 
Doctrine  of  the  [Roman]  Catholic  Churchy 
which  is  here  so  much  extolled,  was 
a  greater  misrepresentation  of  genuine 
Popery  than  the  Reformed  writers  had  ever 
drawn  of  her ;  it  was  but  the  occasional 
accommodation  of  the  tenets  of  the  Galli- 
can  Church  to  the  scruples  of  the  poor 
affrighted  Huguenots^  many  of  whom 
were  more  than  half-proselyted  before  bj 
the  terror  of  Royal  Edicts  and  the  threats 
of  a  dragonade.  So  far  was  this  work 
of  his  from  being  a  full  refutatioa  of  ikt 
falsehoods  and  prevarications  ot  wmk 
Protestants,  that  he  was  in  soch  a  hasttlp 


1810.] 


The  Arrangements  of  the  State  Paper  Office. 


473 


convict  his  antagonists  of  calumniating  the 
creed  of  his  Church,  as  to  represent  her 
doctrines  very  different  from  what  they 
really  were  ;  and  instead  of  removing,  as 
he  pretended,  a  hideous  vizor  to  shew  her 
in  h.T  nntural  dress,  so  varnished  over  her 
face  to  hide  her  defects,  that  her  ancient 
worsliippers  did  not  know  her  again,  in- 
somuch that  the  Doctors  of  the  Sorbonne 
(see  Wake's  Exposition,  and  Defence  of 
the  same,  against  the  Bishop  of  Meaux, 
!()>())  were  much  displeased  to  see 
Popery  in  this  strange  disguise,  and  made 
so  many  strictures  upon  the  first  im- 
pression of  his  book,  that  he  was  obliged 
to  suppress  the  whole  edition,  and  change 
those  places  that  had  been  marked  by 
them,  and  to  put  out  anew  and  more  cor- 
rect impression  ;  and  yet,  after  all,  Mons. 
Imbrrt,  (see  Wake's  Appendix  to  the  first 
Defence  of  the  Exposition,  p.  1*22)  a  French 
ecclesiastic  of  some  note,  was  persecuted 
by  the  Archbishop  of  Jiourdeaux,  and 
threatened  with  chains  and  imprisonment, 
for  the  sole  offence  of  adhering  to  the 
doctrine  of  this  famous  Exposition.** — 
Pye's  Fire  Ijettert  on  Subjects  and  Afu- 
reprenentationM  of  Popish  Writers^  pp. 
1 1.  London,  17()i>. 

The  attempt  to  represent  Bossuet's 
Exfjo-^ition  as  an  authorized  document 
of  the  Church  of  Rome  lias  been  well 
exposed  in  Mendham's  Literary  Poll" 
cy  (tf  the  Church  of  Rome,  being  an  Ac- 
count I'f  the  Indexes  both  prohibitory 
and  expuryatory^  pp.  229.  London, 
ls:u).  to  which  J.  R.'s  attention  is 
humbly  directed. 

Yours,  &c.         Strabo. 


Mk.  Uruan,  April  10. 

YOUR  correspondent  Piiilalrtiies 
has  apparently  misconceived,  and  has 
certainly  misinterpreted,  what  was  ad- 
vanced by  me  in  reference  to  the  do- 
cuments in  Her  Majesty's  State  Paper 
Ofhce,  and  has  then  proceeded  to  cen- 
sure me  on  the  ground  of  his  otrn 
nii'^conntruction. 

In  the  summary  of  what  he  is 
plea^^ed  to  call  my  reasonins;,  he  says, 
that  because  Mr.  Tvtler's  work  con- 
tains  various  errors  of  transcription, 
I  have  recommended  that  abstracts  of 
the  papers  should  be  published  by  au- 
thority, access  to  the  original  docu- 
mentH  restricted,  and  **  only  office  co- 
pie*  "  be  furnished  to  inquirers.  (See 
"  I'iiilalrthrs"  in  pa^e  384  of  your 
number  for  April.)  Now,  what  I 
really  did  say  will  be  found  by  your 
readers  at  page  245  of  the  preceding 

(Jknt.  M/«.  Vol.  XIII. 


number, — there  I  suggested  that  the 
contents  of  the  State  Paper  Office 
should  be  made  known  to  the  public 
at  large,  by  kalendars  or  brief  abstracts 
arranged  in  the  chronological  order  of 
the  papers ;  using  the  term  abstract 
evidently  in  a  general  indicatorial 
sense,  as  will  be  seen  bv  reference  to 

m 

page  247  of  the  number  cited.  These 
kalendars  as  "abstracts  or  brief  chro« 
nicies"  of  the  papers  were  clearly  pro- 
posed in  order  that  the  public  at  large 
might  be  acquainted  with  the  different 
heads  of  the  MSS.  of  the  State  Paper 
Office,  just  indeed  on  the  principle  of 
Mrs.  Glass,  that  the  fish  must  be 
caught  before  it  can  be  cooked. 
Readers  must  know  the  particular 
stores  of  the  depository  before  they 
could  ask  for  them,  and  when  it  is 
considered  that  the  contents  of  the 
State  Paper  Office  would  make  aboat 
thirty  thousand  folio  volumes,  the  ne- 
cessity for  such  indicatorial  informa- 
tion need  not  to  be  particularly  en- 
forced. Such  comprehensive  view  of 
the  MSS.  in  the  office  being  first  com- 
municated to  the  literary  world  in 
kalendars,  1  then  suggested  that 
access  should  be  granted  to  applicants, 
who  wished  to  obtain  any  documents 
at  length,  or  that  office  copies  might 
be  furnished  to  them,  meaning,  of 
course,  when  that  mode  might  be 
preferred  by  the  applicant  for  his 
own  pleasure  or  convenience;  pro- 
posing, in  short,  that,  as  far  as  the 
nature  of  the  establishment  might  ad- 
mit, the  same  facility  of  admission 
should  be  allowed  to  the  MSS.  in  the 
State  Paper  Office  as  may  be  had  to 
those  in  the  British  Museum  ;  and  in 
the  mention  of  "due  restrictions/'  I 
had  in  view  that  very  proper  regulation 
by  the  Trustees  of  the  Museum,  that 
no  entire  transcript  of  a  MS.  should 
be  made  without  special  permission 
granted  to  the  reader.  The  reason  for 
this  is  obvious  ;  the  public  have  the 
copyright  and  property  of  their  own 
MSS.,  and  these  should  not  be  deteri- 
orated and  deformed  by  the  pens  of  in- 
competent persons  retailing  them  at 
second  hand.  I  could  have  produced 
many  glaring  and  ludicrous  instances 
of  the  blunders  of  transcribers,  hot 
was  content  to  select  a  few  of  those 
indicated  to  my  hand  by  the  Edinburgh. 
Review  ;  genume  blunders  (if  the  loca- 
lity be  material)  committed  in  tran- 

ap 


474 


Mr.  Burgon  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakspeare»  [May, 


scribing  at  the  State  Paper  Office, 
might  have  been  most  copiously  de- 
tailed in  support  of  my  assertions. 

That  the  most  liberal  access  should 
be  granted  to  state  papers  of  obsolete 
date,  in  an  official  sense,  was,  Mr. 
Urban,  "  the  very  head  and  front "  of 
my  suggestion,  as  plainly  expressed 
as  in  my  power  ;  and  it  was  far  indeed 
from  ray  anticipation  that  any  of 
your  readers  would  have  misconceived 
my  proposal,  as  one  for  restricting  ac- 
cess to  originals,  and  furnishing 
"  only  office  copies." 

I  might  indeed  retort  upon  Philale- 
THES,  whose  name  as  a  lover  of  truth 
should  have  imposed  on  htm  a  scru- 
pulous accuracy  in  quotation,  the  same 
accusation  that  Junius  prefers  against 
the  Rev.  John  Home, — "  he  alters  the 
text  and  creates  a  refutable  doctrine  of 
hiaown."*  PniLALETHESseemstodoubt 
that  any  matters  of  a  technical  cha- 
racter can  be  found  among  the  docu- 
ments of  the  State  Paper  Office,  but 
when  he  takes  into  consideration  that 
the  seizure  of  private  papers  by  the 
Secretary  of  State  was  no  unusual  oc- 
currence under  the  authority  of  gene- 
ral warrants,  until  the  notorious  John 
Wilkes  successfully  opposed  an  exer- 
tion of  prerogative  so  questionable,  he 
will  allow  that  many  matters  of  an 
extraneous  nature  may  have  found 
their  way  into  the  State  Paper  Office. 

Numerous  petitions,  grants,  war- 
rants, and  patents,  the  correspondence 
of  ambassadors,  and  other  persons  di- 
rectly or  indirectly  connected  with  the 
service  of  the  Crown,  must  necessarily, 
I  conceive,  have  formed  a  collection 
eminently  illustrative  of  the  foreign 
and  domestic  history  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland. 

That  these  particulars  should  be 
brought  under  the  notice  of  the  public 
by  well  digested  kalendars,  and  thus 
rendered  accessible  to  inquiry,  was,  as 
I  have  said,  Mr.  Urban,  the  whole 
gist  and  import  of  my  proposition. 

Yours,  &c.     Chartularius. 


Brvnswich  Square, 

Mr.  Urban,  April  8. 

1AM  surprised,  and  rather  sorry, 

to  notice  the  warmth  of  Mr.  Bruce's 

last  letter.     Surprised, — because  I  am 

not  conscious  of  having  given  him  any 

*  Letters  of  Junius,  letter  53, 


occasion  for  displeasure :  sorry, — be- 
cause I  think  that  the  general  cause  is 
injured  when  persons  engaged  in  a 
literary  controversy  suffer  themselves 
to  be  betrayed  into  anything  like  in- 
temperance of  style.  Again ;  I  am 
surprised, — because  the  point  at  issue, 
if  not  the  most  unimportant,  is  incon- 
testablv  the  most  minute  which  ever 
brought  gladiators  into  the  literary 
arena :  and  I  am  sorry, — because  if 
this  question  should  prove  so  pregnant 
with  the  elements  of  strife,  we  shalk 
never  attain  to  a  right  understanding 
on  the  subject.  I  will  endeaTour  to 
set  a  better  example  in  the  ensuing 
remarks :  indeed  I  would  have  at- 
tended to  Mr.  Bruce's  suggestion,  and 
abandoned  the  discussion  altogether, — 
content  to  leave  by-standers  to  decide 
the  point  in  dispute  ;  but  Mr.  Bruce 
has  put  so  strange  an  interpretatiott 
on  the  opinions  I  have  hazarded,  and 
(I  am  willing  to  believe)  so  far  misun- 
derstood my  reasoning,  that  I  think  it 
a  duty  I  owe  to  myself  to  explain.  I 
begin  to  feel,  with  Hamlet,  that  there 
has  been  "something  too  much  of 
this  ;"  but,  in  withdrawing  from  the 
controversy,  I  am  desirous  of  being  at 
least  clearly  understood. 

We  arc  at  issue  on  first  principles  ; 
and,  while  this  is  the  case,  it  is  not 
wonderful  that  our  opinions  should 
differ  in  judging  of  the  particular  point 
under  consideration.  Mr.  Bruce  con- 
tends that  Shakspeare's  name  ought 
to  be  written  Shakspere.  And  why  ? 
Because,  says  Mr.  Bruce,  "  A  man's 
own  mode  of  spelling  his  own  name 
ought  to  be  followed."  If  this  prin- 
ciple were  admitted,  there  would  bo 
no  longer  any  question  between  as ; 
a  mere  assertion  of  it,  therefore,  is  tan- 
tamount to  begging  the  question.  I 
do  not  think  that  **  a  man's  own  mode 
of  spelling  his  own  name  ought  to  be 
followed,"  for  a  great  many  reasons  ; 
and  what  is  much  more  to  the  pur* 
pose,  I  am  sure  that  it  is  not  followed  ; 
and  1  protest  against  applying  to  the 
particular  case  of  Shakspeare  a  rule 
which  has  never  yet  been  admitted 
into  the  critical  code.  Above  all,  I 
protest  against  applying  to  this  soli- 
tary name  a  rule  which,  if  rigidly 
acted  upon,  would  entirely  revolution- 
ize the  orthography  of  proper  names, 
— and  yet  leaving  every  other  proper 
name  in  the  language  in  statm  fwo^ 
Whether  we  ought  to  revolutionize  tb« 


18  40]  Mr.  Bu/gon  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakspeare. 


A75 


whole  body  of  proper  names  in  our 
language,  or  whether  we  ought  not, 
is  (]uite  another  question.  ]  have  al- 
ready stated  my  belief  that  such  an 
attempt  would  be  found  impracticable. 
Such  is,  in  brief,  the  position  of  the 
controversy  ;  and  such,  in  the  main, 
the  arguments  respectively  employed 
by  Mr.  Bruce  and  myself.  1  flatter 
myself  that  the  reasonableness  of  the 
view  I  seek  tj  establish,  will  become 
yet  more  apparent,  when  the  question 
is  pone  into  a  little  more  minutely. 

"A  man's  own  mode  of  spelling 
his  own  name  ought  to  be  followed," 
says  Mr.  Bruce;  and  he  qualities  the 
proposition  with  two  saving  clauses, 
which  I  shall  have  occasion  to  examine 
by  and  by.  I  meet  this  plausible  as- 
vsertion  with  observing,  that,  in  the 
Ko[)ublic  of  Letters,  no  dictatorship  is 
allowed.  Far  be  it  from  me  and  from  my 
friends  to  lay  down  a  rule;  and  then 
chiilo  mankind  because  they  refuse  to 
fall  into  what  we  have  asserted  "ought 
to  be  "  done  in  this  or  that  matter. 
'J'ho  Ropuhlicof  Letters  is  governed  by 
its  own  laws;  laws  which  have  been 
rnactod  bv  common  consent  of  its 
mombcrs.  In  other  words,  the  prc- 
vailiniz  opinion  of  the  literary  commu- 
nity, in  literarv  matters,  becomea  a 
law, — a  rojjent  and  binding  law  :  by 
departing  from  which  a  man  exposes 
himself  to  the  charge  of  affectation  or 
pedantry.  Now  these  laws  are  readily 
discoverabli'  by  the  diligent  inquirer 
I  seek  to  interpret,  for  example,  what 
has  been  the  sense  of  the  literary  pub- 
lic as  to  the  right  mode  of  spelling  old 
Kn<:lish  proper  names  ;  and  I  have  no 
didiculty  in  arriving  at  the  conclusion 
that  it  has  been  judged  advisable, — in 
order  to  facilitate  labour;  to  avoid 
confusion  ;  and  not  least,  in  order  to 
escape  the  horrors  of  that  predicament 
which  has  led  sensitive  minds  to  dis- 
cover that  a  dilemma  is  furnished  with 
horns, — it  has  been  judged  advisable, 
I  say,  not  to  perplex  ourselves,  now- 
a-days,  with  inquiring  how  proper 
names  were  spelt  anciently.  It  is 
universally  acknowledged  that  the  or- 
thography of  proper  names  was  an- 
ciently to  the  last  degree  unsettled, — 
almost,  if  not  quite  as  unsettled  as 
the  orthography  of  common  words  : 
the  ^ame  individual  not  unfrequently 
««poliin(;  his  name  in  two,  three,  or 
more  different  wavs.     Men  have  de. 


termined,  in  consequence,  not  to  con- 
sider autographs  as  guides  to  ortho- 
graphy ;  but,  when  a  doubt  is  enter- 
tained as  to  how  a  surname  should  be 
spelt,  it  has  become  the  universal 
practice  of  individuals  to  refer  to  the 
most  carefully  compiled  and  carefully 
printed  works,  and  to  observe  how 
the  name  is  spelt  there.  This,  there- 
fore, leads  me  to  perceive  that  a  rule, 
applicable  to  the  case  in  question,  has 
been  tacitly  framed  by  the  general 
voice  of  the  public :  and  I  interpret 
that  rule  somewhat  thus : — Proper 
names  are  to  be  spelt  as  they  are  speli 
in  the  printed  books  of  the  majority  of 
well  educated  persons, — and  not  other^ 
wise.  If  I  have  interpreted  the  rule 
incorrectly,  I  have  nothing  further  to 
say  :  but  if,  as  I  sincerely  believe,  I 
have  correctly  interpreted  it,  why  then* 
it  only  remains  to  inquire  what  mode 
of  orthography  has  been  established 
in  the  particular  case  of  Shakspeare? 
and  I  affirm  that  the  almost  universal 
mode  of  spelling  that  name,  is  the 
mode  which  I  am  endeavouring  to 
vindicate.  Lay  on  the  table  as  many 
editions  of  the  poet's  works  as  yoa 
possess, — add  lives  and  criticisms, — 
and  then  collect  reviews  and  news- 
papers where  the  poet's  name  occurs, 
— works  of  whatever  kind,  grave  or 
gay — and  you  will  find  the  name  spelt, 
nine  times  out  of  ten.  Shakspeare. 
The  tenth  time  it  will  be  spelt  Shake- 
speare :  but  it  will  fier^  be  spelt 
Shakspere,    The   inference  is  obvioot 

that  Shakspere  is  inadmissible 

I  am  unwilling  to  take  any  unfair 
advantage  of  Mr.  Bruce.  We  will 
suppose  one  of  his  own  books  laid  oil 
the  table ;  and  he  shall  himseif  be 
made  the  test  of  how  Shakspeare's 
name  ought  to  be  spelt.  I  have  no 
objection  to  take  his  last  work, — yes, 
his  edition  of  Sir  John  HavwanTs 
"  Annals  of  Klirabeth."  Turn  to  his 
very  valuable  and  judicious  Introduc- 
tion, p.  xiii.  and  you  will  find  the 
name  in  dispute  spelt  as  I  spell  it, 
four  times  in  the  same  note!  He 
quotes  the  "  Pictorial  Exlition  of  Shak- 
spere,"  and,  in  spite  of  Mr.  Knight, 
calls  it  the  Pictorial  Edition  of  Skak^ 
speare!  f  Turn  again  to  page  viii.and 
you  will  find  the  name  three  timet 
written  Shakspeare/.'!  Why,  how  i» 
this?  On  the  31st  of  October  last, 
Mr.  Bruce  wrote  the  oame,— 5Aa^« 


476 


Mr.  Burgon  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakspeare. 


[May, 


speare  :  the  proof-sheet  is  sent  to  him 
for  correction  in  November,  and  re- 
ceives his  imprimatur:  the  work  is 
published  in  the  following  February  ; 
and  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
the  very  same  month  appears  a  letter 
from  Mr.  Bruce,  in  which  he  throws 
down  the  gauntlet  to  his  less  mercu- 
rial contemporaries  :  and  wonders  at 
their  obtuseness  for  persisting  in 
spelling  the  name  of  the  bard  in  Feb- 
ruary 1840,  as  they  spelt  it  in  October 
1839  ! ! !  Upon  my  word,  this  does 
appear  to  me  a  most  marvellous  pro- 
ceeding. I  have  a  inemorandum  which 
shows  me  that  the  autograph  in  ques- 
tion, thanks  to  the  liberality  of  a  gen- 
tleman in  the  British  Museum,  was 
accessible  in  December  1836;  and  in 
January  1837,  Sir  Frederic  Madden 
gave  the  Antiquaries  a  valuable  paper 
on  the  subject,  together  with  a  fac- 
simile. What  new  lights  can  have 
broken  in  upon  Mr.  Bruce  all  of  a 
sudden,  that  he  should  in  February 
advocate  so  strenuously  a  mode  of 
orthography  to  which  in  October  he 
virtually  declared  himself  opposed,  I 
cannot  imagine. 

Let  me  observe  of  the  rule  above 
cited,  that  it  is  the  rule  by  which  the 
orthography  of  all  the  words  in  the  lan- 
guage was,  in  a  great  measure,  ascer- 
tained and  established  by  Dr.  Johnson 
when  he  compiled  his  Dictionary.  Our 
language  is  full  of  anomalies ;  and  we 
should  have  no  settled  orthography  if 
the  principle  of  what  "  ought "  to  be 
the  rule  were  once  admitted  in  lieu  of 
the  rule  itself.  Ritson  advocated  this 
principle  in  all  his  writings,  and  made 
himself  not  only  ridiculous,  but  almost 
unintelligible.  Once  admit  this  prin- 
ciple into  Englisb  orthography,  and 
you  immediately  open  the  door  to  end- 
less confusion.  Why,  in  such  a  case, 
display  partiality  to  one  class  of  our 
words  ?  Why  not  remodel  the  whole 
of  our  orthography  ?  Why,  to  speak 
of  proper  names,  should  we  not  call 
Hugo  Grotius,  HugodeGrote,  or  van 
Grole,  or  whatever  he  spelt  himself  ? 
And  the  Beaver  family, — why  do  we 
not  restore  the  ancient  and  real  oitho- 
graphy  ofBeauvoir  f  As  regards  names 
of  places  also;  why  should  we  con- 
tinue to  spell  that  town  which  the 
Italians  call  Livomo,  "Leghorn"? 
It  ought,  certainly,  to  be  '*  Livomo  " ; 
for  surely  the  It^Jiaos  must  be  the  best 


judges  of  the  names  of  their  own  towns. 
Nay,  "  Leghorn  **  is  admitted  to  be  an 
error ;  a  gross  corruption,  for  which  we 
are  probably  indebted  to  the  merchant 
adventurers  of  a  former  age.  We  spell 
Pisa,  Ravenna,  and  Palermo  right: 
why  persist  in  spelling  Livorno  wrong  ? 
Somewhere  on  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor, 
near  Smyrna,  there  exists  a  ruined 
fort,  called  by  the  Turks  Sanjak,  (which 
means  a  flag,)  from  the  circumstance 
of  a  flag  being  generally  hoisted  there. 
A  certain  French  navigator,  "speering" 
for  the  nomenclature  of  the  coast,  on 
hearing  the  name  above-mentioned, 
set  down  the  place  in  his  map  as 
"Saint  Jacques";  and  poor  John 
Bull,  falling  into  the  trap,  translated 
the  place,  in  his  simplicity,  '*  Saini 
James's  castle," — by  which  appellation 
the  spot  is  recognizable  in  our  best 
surveys  !  Here  is  a  glorious  oppor- 
tunity for  improvement.  No  one  will 
dispute  that  the  place  ought  to  be  called 
"  Savjak  "  ;  yet  who  will  call  it  so  ? 
Mr.  Bruce  wiil  perhaps  say  that  this 
has  nothing  to  do  with  the  question  ; 
but  1  think  it  has  at  least  thus  much 
to  do  with  it.  It  may  serve  to  show 
that  what  is  very  plausible  in  theory, 
is  often  very  awkward  in  practice :  and 
that  which  in  one  sense  ought  to  be 
done  in  the  remodeling  of  words,  in 
another  and  a  far  more  important 
sense,  decidedly  ought  not. 

So  much  then  for  first  principles. 
It  will  be  seen  that  what  I  plead  for  is 
consistency  ;  and  since  Mr.  Bruce  does 
not  understand  what  I  mean  by  the 
word,  I  must  explain  that  I  think  it 
would  be  inconsistent  to  alter  the  or« 
thography  of  Shakspeare,  and  not  to 
alter  the  orthography  of  an  immense 
body, — almost  all  in  fact,— of  the 
proper  names  in  the  language.  Shak- 
speare spelt  himself  Shakspere  six 
times,  says  Mr.  Bruce.  Good.  But 
Cecil  spelt  himself  six  hundred  timee 
Cecill ;  and  Mason  spelt  himself  six 
hundred  times  Masone.  Well,  says 
Mr.  Bruce, — 

*'  It  seems  to  me  a  very  little  matter 
that  adherence  to  a  good  rule  would  ez« 
tricate  us  from  confosion  at  the  small  ex- 
pense of  adding  an  /  to  Cecil  or  an  e  ta 
Mason:  " 

but  he  very  much  underrates  the 
responsibility  he  is  incurring.  He 
must  be  on  his  Ps  and  Qs  with  almost 
every  proper  name  in  tlie  language^ 


1840.]  Mr.  Burgon  on  the  Orthographif  of  SUt^peare* 


477 


if  he  would  be  congUteni,  The  cases 
of  CrumweU,  Moyntague,  Pffkeryng, 
Wyngfeld,  Mordante,  Penbroke,  JL^cy- 
center,  and  Shreweshury,  I  have  already 
enumerated.  Since  my  last  letter,  a 
few  more  names  have  occurred  to  my 
recollection.  The  Earl  of  Nottingham 
<JG03)  always  wrote  his  name  with 
one  / ;  Sir  Francis  Walsingham  wrote 
his  name  IValsyngham, — invariably,  1 
believe ;  and  Sir  Ralph  Sadler  and  Sir 
Henry  Sidney,  I  believe  invariably, 
signed  themselves  Sadleir  and  Sydf- 
ney.  The  Brabazons  and  Barnwells 
of  Ireland  wrote  themselves  Braboion 
and  Bamwall;  and  certain  of  the 
Croke  family,  if  themselves  are  to  be 
trusted,  were  Crooke,  The  Earl  of 
Suffolk  (1613)  spelt  his  name  Si(^o/lr«. 
Sir  Richard  Sackville,  in  every  example 
I  have  seen  of  his  autograph,  wrote 
himself  Sakevyle.  Did  Sir  Hugh 
Myddelton  spell  his  name  as  I  have 
just  written  it?  I  think  not.  I 
have  seen  more  than  one  autograph  of 
Henry,  Lord  Darnley,  where  the  name 
is  spelled  Vernley.  Sir  John  Throck- 
morton's signature  is  Throkmariom. 
Viscount  Lisle  (1538),  signs  himself 
LysBle.  Fleetwood,  the  recorder  of 
London,  so  many  of  whose  weekly 
letters  to  Burghley  are  in  existence, 
spelt  his  name  generally  (I  believe 
uniformly)  Fleetewoode :  1  am  almost 
certain  that  it  is  never  FUtlwood, 
Why, — as  I  asked  in  my  preceding 
letter, — why  perplex  ourselves  with 
these  novelties  ?  Things  are  going  on 
all  very  quietly  and  comfortably.  Oar 
errors  are  all  verv  pretty  errors  as  they 
stand.  Why  fall  out  in  our  old  age 
al)out  such  trifles  ? 

Now,  in  replying  to  a  few  pointa  in 
Mr.  Bruce's  letter,  (the  pUiyfulnm  of 
which  I  shall  neither  comment  upon, 
nor  retaliate,)  1  will  try  to  be  brief.  He 
lays  down  two  rules  for  the  ortho- 
graphy of  proper  names;  the  second 
of  which  is  a  non  iequitur,  and  unim- 
portant :  but  the  former  is  something 
worse.  It  is  obscure.  "  1  contend," 
says  Mr.  Bruce,  that — 

**  A  man's  own  mode  of  spelling  bis 
own  Dsme  ought  to  be  followed ;  except 
his  practice,  in  that  respect,  has  been 
continuously  vsrioos,  or  he  has  departed, 
withoat  good  reason,  from  an  orthography 
previously  well-ascertained.** 

What  is  the  memnins  of  "  continu- 
ously various  "  ?  and  who  it  to  decide 


whether  a  man  haa  had  "good  rem** 
son  "  for  playing  tricks  with  his  fa* 
mily  name  ?  There  is  something  almoet 
vaggiih  in  this  saving  clause.  Again : 
what  is  the  meaning  of  an  orthography 
"  previously  well-ascertained  "  ?  Horn 
long  previously  ?  and  "  well  ascertain* 
ed  "  by  whom  ?  How  are  conditions 
like  these  to  be  established  ?  See  how 
many  old  English  names  you  can  dia* 
cover  of  which  the  orthography  haa 
been  "well  ascertained"  previous  to 
the  age  of  Shakspeare.  No,  no.  Thia 
will  never  do.  We  must  have  better 
statutes  than  these,  or  we  shall  all  go 
to  loggerheads  in  a  trice.  Mr.  Bruee'a 
rule  has  been  evidently  framed  to  matt 
the  particular  case  of  Shakspeare^ 
which  is  not  fair.  Besides,  it  doea 
not  meet  the  case  of  Shakspeare  aatia* 
factorily,  after  all.  "A  man'a  own 
mode  of  spelling  his  own  name  ou|^ 
to  be  followed."  Good.  It  foUowa 
then  that  we  must  forswear  Shaktpfmn 
and  addict  ourselves  to  Shakvpere.  Bat 
decide  not  too  hastily.  "  There's  pip* 
pins  and  cheese  to  come."  "  Except 
nis  practice,  in  that  respect,  haa  been 
continuously  various."  I,  for  one,  nm 
of  opinion  that  the  poet  spelt  bia  namo 
in  at  least  two,  if  not  three,  diflferenk 
ways ;  and  I  endeavoured,  in  ray  last 
letter,  to  show  good  reason  for  be- 
lieving that  such  was  the  case.  At 
all  events,  I  maintained,  and  atlU 
maintain,  that  since  we  poaseaa  but 
six  autographs  of  the  poet, — thataiaco 
three  of  these  were  successively  anb* 
scribed  to  one  and  the  same  docnnitiit* 
and  two  are  contractions ;  and  sines  it 
cannot  be  proved  that  a  single  scraldi 
of  the  poet's  pen  during  the  first  forty- 
nine  years  of  his  life,  is  in  existence^-* 
from  a  review  of  these  conaideratiomy 
as  I  observed  in  my  former  letter,  I  can* 
not  see  suflScient  evidence  of  thatcon- 
sistencT  in  this  particular,  which  la 
made  the  argument  for  changing  tha 
spelling  of  his  name.  Assuming  ere*. 
(which  is  by  no  means  to  be  assooMiO 
that  a  man's  own  mode  of  spelling  hk 
own  name  is  to  be  followed,— what 
proof  have  we  that  Shakspeare's  "prac- 
tice in  this  respect  was  not  conttno- 
ously  various  ?"  De  non  egitimlibmi  ef 


i  tmpomiihui  eadfm  9§i  ratio,  replied 
Mr.  Bruce ;  but  however  good  in  law, 
I  object  to  the  application  of  thia  mla 
in  cases  like  the  present ;  for  it  wookl 
follow  firom  it  that  the  tiistenct  of  i^ 


478 


Mr,  Burgon  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakspeare, 


[May, 


single  autograph « (however  uncouth  an 
orthography  it  might  exhibit)  of  a  well 
known  name,  would  be  a  sufficient 
excuse  for  upsetting  the  established 
spelling,  and  introducing  a  reform.* 

Mr.  Bruce  is  of  opinion  that  1  have 
misstated  his  argument ;  for  which  I 
am  sorry.     I  did  not  misstate  it  wil- 
fully ;  nor  do  I  think  that  I  misstated 
it  materially.     If  he  does  not  "assert" 
that  *'  the  poet  uniformly  wrote  him- 
self   Shakspere/* — he    at    all    events 
assumes  that  there  is  good  reason   to 
6e/i>t7e  that  he  did  so  write  himself; 
else,  there  is  no  point  in  his  argument 
whatever ;    and    this    will    suit     me 
equally  well.     My  letter  was  intended 
to   show   that  there  is  no   reason  to 
believe  that  the  poet  was  uniform  in 
his  mode  of  spelling.     On  the  con- 
trary ;  I  enumerated  sundry  grounds 
for  believing  that  he  sometimes  wrote 
his  name  Shakespeare;  on  which,  Mr. 
Bruce  turns  slily  round  upon  me,  and 
says,  (with  reference  to  the  orthogra- 
phy I  am  vindicating)   that,    by  this 
very   statement,   1    am    "cutting  the 
throat  of  my  own  argument ;"  "  cut- 
ting the  ground  from  under  myself," 
and   inviting    others  "to   accompany 
me  in  my  descent,"  and  so  on  ;  since, 
if  Shakspeare  spelt  his  name  Shake- 
speare, why  do  I  not  spell  it  so  ?    Cut- 
ting remarks  these,  no  doubt ;  but  they 
show  more  inclination  than  power  to 
be  severe.     I  will  tell  Mr.  Bruce  why 
I  do  not  spell  Shakspeare  either  Shake- 
speare  or  Shakspere.  For  the  very  same 
reason  that  he  does  not  spell  Thomas 
Sackville,  Lord  Buckhurst,  either  Buc- 
hurst  or  Buckehur^.     I  have  before  me 
two    autographs   of    that    interesting 
nobleman.      In  one,  the  signature  is 
T.  BucHURST :    in  the  other  it  is  T. 
BucKEHURST.      But  notwithstanding 
this  evidence  I  still  stick  to  Buckhurst; 

and  so  does  Mr.  Bruce To  return 

to  that  gentleman's  strictures  upon 
myself,  I  beg  to  explain  that  when  in 
my  former  letter,  I  enumerated  several 
reasons  for  believing  that  Shakspeare 


in  early  life  wrote  himself  Shakespetare, 
1  merely  sought  to  establish  the  pro- 
bability that  the  poet's  practice  was 
"  continuously  various  ;"  and  that 
therefore,  did  we  but  possess  a  few 
more  of  his  autographs,  we  should 
probably  be  exonerated,  by  Mr.  Bruce'a 
own  showing,  from  the  necessity  of 
reforming  a  name  which  is  a  very  good 
name  as  it  stands. 

One  of  the  many  objections  to  spell- 
ing proper  names  as  their  owners  spelt 
them,  which  1  have  already  enume- 
rated, is  the  difficulty  which  must  arise 
when  two  or  three  members  of  the  same 
family  spell  their  family-name  dif- 
ferently. 1  cited  the  instance  of  the 
noble  family  of  Grey,  who  wrote  them- 
selves Grey,  Gray,  and  Graye.  Mr, 
Bruce  is  vexed  with  me  for  resuscitat- 
ing this  argument,  after,  as  he  says,  he 
has  "  knocked  the  brains  out  of  It." 
He  must  allude  to  the  following  pas- 
sage in  his  first  letter : — 

**  Now  this  is  a  totally  different  case. 
Here  is  a  well-known  family  name,  the 
orthography  of  which  was  settled  long 
before  it  became  the  fashion  (!)  to  vary  the 
spelling  of  proper  names  according  to  the 
caprice  of  the  owner.  It  had  existed  as 
Grey  for  more  than  two  hundred  years," 
&c.t 

This  may  be  called  giving  the  argu- 
ment a  good  smart  pai  on  the  back ; 
but  I  deny  that  there  has  been  any 
knocking  out  of  the  brains.  Hear  what 
the  Rev.  Jos.  Hunter, —  an  observing 
antiquary,  and  more  familiar  than 
most  of  us  with  ancient  documents, — 
says  on  this  subject : — 

"  With  submission »  I  cannot  find  that 
there  was  ever  that  uniformity  which  is 
assumed  in  the  mode  of  writing  this  name. 
Long  before  the  days  of  Lady  Jane,  it  ap- 
pears as  Grey,  Gray,  Graye,  Graa,  and 
Gra,''X 

But  we  are  not  restricted  to  the 
name  of  Grey.  Take  an  instance 
from  the  Neville  family.  Thomas  and 
Henry  Neville,  (uncle  and  nephew,) 
addressing    Secretary    Cromwell     in 


*  I  trust,  for  Mr.  Bruce's  sake,  that  Sir  John  Hayward  was  "  continuously  vari- 
ous *'  in  his  •'  own  mode  of  spelling  his  own  name."   Mr.  Bruce  spells  him  Hayward 
though  by  his  own  showing  the  old  knight  spelt  himself  Haywarde,  (Introd.  p  xL) 
t  Gent.  Mag.  Feb,  p.  164.  ^        ' 

X  Gent.  Mag  March,  p.  373.     **  In  fact/*  as  Mr.  Hunter  very  justly  observes 
"  there  never  was  a  period,  till  the  art  of  printing  gave  a  degree  of  stability  unknowir 
before,  in  which  there  was  any  approach  to  uniformity  in  the  orthography  of  proper 
Barnes."  Ibid. 


1840.]  Mr.  Burgon  on  I  he  Orthography  of  Shakspeare, 


479 


1535,  subscribe  their  names  to  the 
same  letter  ;  one  writing:  himself  T. 
Nlvyle  ;  the  other  H.  Nevyll. 
Now,  how  will  you  spell  these  two 
gentlemen's  names  ?  Apply  Mr. 
Bruce's  rule  to  the  case,  and  it  will 
be  found  that  you  must  spell  the  un- 
cle's name  one  way,  and  the  nephew's 
another  ;  which,  1  submit,  is  a  reduc- 
til)    ah    ahsurdum.     It    may   be  worth 


individual.  The  simple  aDOOUDce- 
ment,  *'  my  name  is  Burohlky," 
standing  alone,  would  be  full  of  sig- 
nificance :  the  words  implied  being 
obviously  enough, — "  so  of  course 
vou  won't  think  of  spelling  it  differ- 
ently." 

I  have  now  said  all  that  I  desired 
to  say  on  the  subject  of  the  orthogra- 
phy of  Shakspeare's  name.    Reluctant 


adilini^  that    I   have  seen  the  name  of     as   I  feel  to  occupy  so   much  of  your 


this  noble  family  yet  differently  spelt 
by  other  of  its  members.  One  of  the 
(lanehters  of  the  house  wrote  herself 
Maiigakkti-  NnrELL.  Will  Mr. 
Bruce  tell  us  that  this  also  is  a  *'  to- 
tally differt-nt  earner  "  Did  this  name 
"exist  as  Xevillp  for  more  than  two 
hundred  years  ?  "  Again  ;  Sir  Wil- 
liam Cecil,  as  already  remarked,  on 
all  occasions  wrote  his  name  Clcill  ; 
his  son  Robert,  in  every  case  which 
has  come  under  my  notice,  spelled 
him'^elf  Cecvll.  What  has  Mr. 
Bruce  to  say  to  this? — It  would  be 
ca«v  to  multiply  examples  ;  but  I  can- 
not find  it  in  my  heart,  like  Dogberry, 
"  to  hc-^tow  all  ray  tediousness  upon 
your  wor>hip." 

Mr.  Biuce  still  thinks  that  the  prac- 
tice of  our  ancestors  to  spell  the  same 
name  in  two  or  more  different  ways, 
ri"*ultrd  from  "  coxcombry  and  affec- 
tation." I  have  much  respect  for  his 
opinion,  but  believe  him  to  be  in  error. 
I  conft  r>s  1  ropard  our  ancestors  with 
more  induljrnce;  and  presume  the 
practice  alluded  to  proceeded  tVom 
carclefc3nes«»,  —  indifference  ;  nothing 
more :  and  will  mention  a  circum- 
stance which  confirms  me  in  this 
opinion,  — believinj^  that  Mr.  Bruce 
hns  no  other  wi-^h  than  to  arrive  at 
the  truth.  Lord  Burghley,  shortly  after 
he  was  raided  to  the  peerago,  wrote  as 
follows  to  his  friend,  Nicholas  Whyte, 


space,  I  cannot  forbear  repeating,  in 
conclusion,    an    observation   which   I 
made  in  my   former  letter  :   namely, 
that,   so  far  from  finding   fault  with 
those  gentlemen  who  have  adopted  the 
new  orthography  of  Shakspere,  1  ra- 
ther honour  them  for  the  practice  :  be- 
lieving as  I  do  that  their  reverence  for 
the  Bard  has  led  them  to  adopt  that 
mode  of  orthography.    What  1  oppose 
myselftoisMr.  Bruce's  attempt  to  write 
down  the  established  orthography.     I 
object  also  to  his  inconclusive  argu- 
ments ;  and  not  least  of  all,  to  the  air 
of  triumph  he  assumes  on  first  enter- 
ing the  lists, — before  he  has  tried  the 
goodness  of  his  steed,  the  strength  of 
his  lance,  or  the  temper  of  his  armour. 
1  recommend  to  his  attentive  consi- 
deration, the  temporate  and  unassum- 
ing style  of  Sir   Frederick  Madden's 
original  communication  to  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries,  on  the  subject  of  this 
autograph.     That  gentleman  declared 
that,  in  his  belief,  all  the  six  existing 
specimens    of    the    illustrious   poet's 
signature  exhibited  one  and  the  same 
mode  of  orthography  ;  in  consequence 
of  which,  he  tacitly  (and  very  natu- 
rally)  adopted  that  mode ;  to  which 
he  has  ever  since  consistently  adhered. 
I  felt  inclined  to  do  the  same  when  1 
first  saw  the  autograph,  and  read  his 
paper;   but  some  such  considerations 
as  those   which    1   have    ventured  to 


in    Ireland  :    "  My    stile    is.    Lord  of     throw  together  in  the  present  and  ray 


BritGiiiEV,  if  vou  meane  to  know  it 
for  your  wrytyrjg,  and  if  you  list  to 
vrrytff  truly : — tlie  poore!>t  Lord  in 
Kn^land  I  "  It  seems  to  rae  from 
the  peculiar  expression  of  his  Lord- 
^hip,  that  he  recognized  his  corres- 
pondent's right  to  spell  his  name  in 
any  way  he  pleased  ;  that  he  consi- 
(iired  it  quite  optional  whether  a  pro- 
per name  was  to  be  written  "  truly  " 
or  not.  Now-a-days,  I  cannot  con- 
ceive ^uch  a  passage  as  the  preceding 
occurring  in  the   letter  of  any  sane 


preceding  letter,  joined  to  the  strong 
reluctance  I  felt  to  remove  a  single  let- 
ter from  a  name  to  which  I  owe  the 
deepest  obligations,  determined  mc  to 
remain  faithful  to  the  established 
spelling.  "  I  would  certainly  not  go 
so  far  as  Malone,"  (Sir  Frederick 
Madden  candidly  admits,)  "  in  assert- 
ing that  if  any  other  original  letter  or 
MS.  of  Shakspcre's  should  be  disco- 
vered, his  name  would  appear  as  just 
written  :"  and  it  is  precisely  this 
possibility,  (in  which  I  perfectly  con* 


480 


On  a  Passage  in  Plato*s  Banquei, 


[May, 


cur,)  which  confirms  me  in  my  fidelity 
to  Shakspeare.  It  would  bedisingenu- 
OU8,  however,  were  I,  on  my  side,  to 
withhold  an  admission  which  I  do  most 
cheerfully  make :  namely,  that  1  be- 
lieve the  three  signatures  to  the  will 
to  be  Shakspere ;  and  that,  however, 
inconclusive  Shakspe  and  Shaksper 
may  be,  1  believe  that  the  orthography 
intended  in  both  these  cases  was  iden- 
tical with  that  which  appears  in  the 
signature  to  the  will. 

There  is  a  point  by  the  way,  on 
which  Mr.  Bruce  has  thought  fit  to 
be  rather  facetious  ;  and  on  which  in 
conclusion,  1  may  as  well  bestow  a 
remark.  I  must  say  that  it  is  rather 
unhandsome  in  Mr.  Bruce  to  quiz 
my  atonemasoTis,  seeing  that  I  did  not 
quiz  his  pariah-clerka,  I  am  willing 
to  go  the  whole  antiquary  with  Mr. 
Bruce  in  praising  Parish-Registers.  I 
will  admit  (if  he  wishes  it)  that  they 
are  extremely  light  reading ;  and  that 
in  point  of  style,  and  as  specimens  of 
idiomatic  and  grammatical  propriety, 
they  are  unexceptionable :  but  as 
standards  of  orthography,  1  submit 
that  they  are  the  very  last  class  of  do- 
cuments to  which  a  controversialist 
should  condescend  to  appeal. 

Lastly  and  finally  I  must  express 
my  sincere  regret  that  Mr.  Bruce 
should  suppose  that  I  argue  for  vic- 
tory, and  not  for  truth.  It  is  a  heavy 
charge,  and  an  uncourteous  one  ;  but  I 
acquit  him  of  having  meant  it  unkindly. 
I  am  willing  to  believe  that  he  used 
the  words  only  "  in  their  Pickwickian 
sense ;''  and  cheerfully  declare  that  I 
have  a  far  better  opinion  of  him  than 
he  seems  to  have  of  me 

In  accordance  with  his  advice,  I 
withdraw  from  the  controversy  from 
this  time  forth:  and  trust  he  will 
be  reconciled  to  my  determination  still 
to  spell  Shakspeare's  name  as  I  have 
hitherto  spelt  it,  by  the  promise  1 
hereby  make  to  spell  it  Shakspere, 
where  it  shall  have  become  the  usage 
of  the  land  to  spell  it  so ;  and  when 
Shakspeare  looks  as  quaint  and 
strange  in  my  eyes  as  Shakspere 
looks  now.     Yours,  &c. 

John  William  Burgon. 


On  a  Passage  in  Plato's  Banquet. 
Mr.  Urban, 
IN  vol.  X.  p.  171  of  Stephanus's 
edition  of  Plato  (with  Ficinus's  intcr- 
4 


pretation),  Agatho,  the  giver  of  the 
feast,  asks  Soci  ates,  who  has  just  en- 
tered, to  come  and  sit  by  him,  io  order 
that  he  (Agatho)  may  derive  by  the 
propinquity    some     portion    of    the 
Socratic  wisdom.     Socrates   does  so 
accordingly,  and  remarks,  *'  It  would 
be  well,  Agatho,  if  wisdom  were  & 
thing  of   such  a  nature  as  to  pass 
from  those  who  abound  with  it  into 
such  as  want  it,  when  they  sit  close 
to  one  another,  and  are  in  contact : 
like  water  running  through  the  wool, 
out  of  the  fuller  vessel  into  the  emptier. 
If    this    quality    attend    wisdom,    I 
shall  set  a  high  value  upon  partaking 
of  your   couch,    for    I    shall    expect 
to  have   wisdom  flow  into  me  from 
you  in  great  quantity,  and  of  a  kind 
which  appears  the  fairest.    As  for  the 
little  which  I  have,  it  mast  be  meaa 
and  trivial,"  &c.     This  is,  I   believe, 
Sydenham's  translation,  and  is  tobe 
found  in  p.  448  of  vol.  iii.  of  Plato's 
Works,  by  that  accomplished  Grecian, 
Taylor  of  Norwich,  a  man  who  seems 
to  have  inherited  the  very  mantle  of 
that  philosopher,  so  thoroughly  do  his 
remarks  partake  of  the  spirit  of  the 
great  original.   The  Greek  of  that  part 
to  which  I  most  desire  to  call  your  at- 
tention  is   ^<nr€p   TO   €v  raif  KvXi(ut 
voo)p,  TO  oia  Tov  cptov  d€ov  €K  rrf£  irXiy- 
ptoTtpas  (Is  TTjv  K€voiT(pav,     I  shall  in- 
sert Sydenham's  note  on  this,  and  then 
give  you  my  own  remarks. 

"  Aia  TOV  (piov.  It  is  possible  this 
may  mean  a  woollen  bag,  made  in  the 
manner  of  our  flannel  jelly  bags,  to  strain 
and  purify  the  liquor  running  through. 
Or  perhaps  it  means  a  string  of  wool 
lightly  twisted,  fastened  at  one  end  about 
the  mouth  of  the  cock,  in  a  ewer,  or  other 
vessel  out  of  which  the  water  is  to  nm, 
and  hanging  down  into  some  bason  or 
other  receptacle  ;  that  the  water,  as  it 
runs  along,  may  leave  behind  it  in  the 
nappiness  of  the  wool  any  dirt  or  impure 
particles  with  which  it  may  be  loaded. 
This  latter  conjecture  is  rendered  more 
probable  by  the  information  we  have  from 
a  certain  friend,  a  man  of  credit  and  ve- 
racity, that  in  some  parts  of  Wiltshire  the 
like  method  is  practised  of  porifying 
water,  by  letting  it  run  down  in  the  man- 
ner we  have  described,  along  twisted  wool, 
which  they  there  call  accordingly  the  twUt^ 
Comarius  says  in  his  Eclogs,  that  be  can- 
not conceive  what  wool  could  have  to  do 
in  the  affair ;  and  therefore  he  surooset 
that  instead  of  the  word  cpiov  ihoud  be 
read  opyavov,  meaningy  he  says,  a  e&m* 


18-10.] 


On  a  Passage  in  Plaio's  Banquet. 


481 


(luit  pipe  to  convey  water  out  of  one  cis- 
tern, when  full,  into  another.  Bat  by 
this  alteration  of  the  word  a  very  hnmor- 
ous  part  of  the  similitude  is  lost ;  that 
wliich  represents  wisdom  streaming^  out  of 
one  man  into  another,  as  it  were,  by  a 
strong  transpiration,  through  their  woollen 
or  cloth  garments  being  in  contact  to- 
gether." 

Now,  Mr.  Urban,  it  strikes  me  that 
the  explanation  of  the  Comrocotator  is 
almost  destitute  of  meaning,  certainly 
of  all  that  neatness  and  complete  appli- 
cahility  which  are  so  essentially  neces- 
bary  in  all  metaphorical  or  other  al- 
lusions, by  which  a  speaker  pretends 
to  help  out  or  illustrate  his  discourse. 
What  on  earth  could  Socrates  mean 
by  Agatho's  wit  being  strained  as  they 
strained  dirtv  water  ?  But  it  must  be 
evident  to  any  one  that  reads  this  dia- 
lop^ue,  or,  indeed,  any  discourse  what- 
ever in  which  Socrates  is  introduced, 
that  hid  remarks  arc  full  of  a  consi- 
deration for  others  :  a  modest  and  de- 
lightful diffidence  of  self  with  such  an 
elegant  and  kind  politeness  as  suffi- 
ciently distinguished  the  accomplished 
Athenian  geuthman.  Then  what  was 
Apatho's  wisdom  to  be  purified  for, 
and  what  was  Agatho  to  do  with  the 
sediment  ?  Retain  it  for  his  own  use, 
I  suppose. 

Take  a  couple  of  wine-glasses ;  let 
oni'  be  full,  the  other  empty  of  water  ; 
take  a  few  strings  of  worsted,  cotton, 
uT  anything  similar,  wet  them  and 
twist  them  together,  and  throw  them 
over  the  two  glasses,  so  that  an  end 
>hnll  be  in  each  ;  in  a  short  time  the 
water  will  have  mounted  up  the  wet 
thread-',  and  fallen  into  the  empty  glass: 
thi-^  will  go  on  with  a  gradually  dimi- 
nisbinc:  velocity  till  the  water  is  equally 
high  in  each. 

Well  may  Cornarius  wonder!  his 
emendation,  though  unnecessary  now, 
is,  however,  very  good  in  the  idea. 
Here,  however,  is  no  straining  throogh 
flannel,  but  the  gentle  transmission  of 
wisdom  by  contact.  Observe  also  how 
completely  the  position  of  the  two 
persons  Bide  by  side  on  the  sofa  tallies 
with  the  position  of  the  glasses.  Be- 
sides, the  commentator  seems  totally 
to  have  forgotten  the  nature  of  m/Xifty  : 
ii  it  possible  that  little  drinking  cups, 
wine-glasses  in  fact,  were  ever  sub- 
jected to  the  grave  and  ODeroos  duty 
{)i  straining  thick  or  dirty  liquor^  an 

G£«NT,  Mao,  Vol,  ^^Uii. 


operation  that  required  father  an 
ample  rum-puncheon  and  spiggott? 
It  is  unnecessary  to  refer  to  dictiona- 
ries, or  to  vol.  II.  of  Stephanas'* 
Thesaurus  (Art.  ki/Xccd)  to  see  that 
KvKi^  could  not  possibly  mean  any- 
thing beyond  the  smallest  possible 
drinking  vessel ;  for  a  little  further  on 
(p.  253),  Alcibiades  being  by  no  means 
satisfied  with  the  small  cups  on  the 
tabic,  orders  in  an  f«c7rca/za  firya  to 
drink  from,  and  at  last  puts  up  with  a 
wine-cooler  yfrvicnjp,  when  Eryzima- 
chus  (who,  by-the-bye,  seems  mightily 
fond  of  hearing  his  own  tongue,  even  to 
the  exclusion  of  the  mnsic,)  says,  "  Are 
we  to  say  nothing  over  our  caps,  but 
drink  like  people  who  are  dying  of 
thirst?"  The  /iri  rrf  kvXUi  in  thia 
speech  seems  equivalent  to  oar  "  over 
the  bottle,"  or  "glass,"  and  conM 
not  possibly  have  anything  to  do  witH 
the  pitcher  from  which  Alcibiades  was 
slaking  his  thirst ;  for  he  alone  drank 
out  of  that,  and  poured  oat  of  it  to 
Socrates,  all  which  important  pro- 
ceedings arc  as  usual  related  by  rlito 
with  the  greatest  minuteness.  But 
this  is  too  clear  a  point  to  dwell  on 
longer ;  and  not  to  encumber  mv  ex- 
planation with  unnecessary  help,  as 
its  truth  must  make  itself  evident,  I 
only  ask  every  one  to  consider  its  ex- 
treme simplicity,  neatness,  andpeffeei 
applicability,  and  to  reflect  how  natural 
it  was  to  make  use  of  such  an  ex- 
tremely delicate  allusion,  so  like  So- 
crates, and,  indeed,  so  like  the  Greeks 
in  general,  who  were  very  fond  of 
bringing  forward  these  little  experi- 
ments, and  descanting  upon  them: 
and  in  some  cases  very  prone  to 
wander  from  them  into  dark  and  diffi- 
cult theories  about  affections,  anti- 
pathies, &c. 

As  this  passage  has  never  been  ex- 
plained before  in  any,  to  me,  adaiis- 
sible  manner,  1  beg  in  all  humility  to 
offer  the  above  to  the  notice  of  your 
readers.  Yours,  &c. 

Jtlington.  W.  HoaWBMAN. 

Ma.  UaBAX,     Cambridge,  /V6. 18« 
THE  letter  signed  T.  T.    in  your 
Feb.  number  (p.   108)  induces  me  to 
assume  that  »ome  particulars  respect- 
ing Maces  may  not  be  unacceptable. 

The  Mace  is  a  weapon  of  great  an- 
tiquity, and  appears  to  have  been  of 
essential  utility  to  the  warrior  of  the 

3Q 


482 


Some  Particulars  respecting  Maces, 


[May, 


olden  time  from  its  applicabilitj^tothe 
purpose  of  crushing  the  armour  of  his 
adversary.^  It  subsequently  became 
an  appropriate  emblem  of  power,  and 
we  find  it  apparently  borne  as  an  en- 
sign of  regal  authority,  together  with 
the  sword,  by  one  of  the  dignitaries 
attendant  upon  the  Conqueror  in  the 
well-known  illumination  which  re- 
presents that  monarch  bestowing  lands 
upon  Alan,  Earl  of  Britany.a  This 
illumination,  however,  seems  to  be  no 
older  than  the  thirteenth  century. 

The  ornamental  Mace  is  called  by 
Guillim  a  Mace  of  Majesty,  "  to  dis- 
tinguish the  same  from  the  Mace 
borne  by  a  common  sergeant  not  onely 
in  forme,  but  also  in  use  ;  forasmuch 
as  this  is  borne  in  all  solemne  assemblies 
before  his  Majestic,  as  also  before  his 
Highnesse  Vice  Royes,  In  like  manner 
the  same  is  borne  before  the  Lords 
Chauncellour,  Keeper,  and  Treasurer  of 
England,  and  the  Lords  President  of 
Wales,  and  of  the  North  parts,  and 
the  SpeaJcer  of  the  Parliament  House 
in  time  of  Parliament."  ' 

Maces  were  carried  by  the  Serjeants- 
at-Arms  at  Coronations,  and  before  the 
Sovereign  at  other  public  solemnities. 
The  Serjeant  Trumpeter  also  bears  a 
Mace  at  the  Coronation.* 

The  custom  of  carrying  a  silver 
gilt  Mace  before  the  Lord  Chancellor 
is  at  least  as  old  as  the  time  of  Wolsey, 
though  it  seems  he  was  entitled  to  use 
this  ensign  of  office  as  a  Cardinal,  or 
at  any  rate  as  the  Pope's  Legate.5 

In  1344  the  Commons  prayed  the 
King  that  no  one  within  cities,  bo- 
roughs, or  towns,  should  bear  Maces 
of  silver,  except  the  King's  Serjeants, 
but  should  bear  Maces  of  copper,  and 
of  no  other  metal,  and  such  batons  as 
they  had  used  in  ancient  times  to  bear ; 
so  that  men  might  know  the  said  Ser- 
jeants from  the  others,  as  was  agreed 
in   the  then    last    Parliament.     This 


petition  was  granted  by  the  King, 
except  as  to  the  Serjeants  of  the  city 
of  London,  who  were  to  be  allowed  to 
bear  their  Maces  within  that  city  and 
before  the  Mayor  in  the  royal  prc- 
sence.6 

In  1354  Edward  III.  granted  to  the 
Mayor,  Sheriffs,  &c.  of  London,  that 
the  Serjeants  belonging  to  the  city 
should  have  liberty  to  bear  Maces 
either  of  gold  or  silver  any  where 
within  the  city  and  its  liberties,  or 
the  county  of  Middlesex,  in  the  pre- 
sence of  the  King,  his  mother,  consort 
and  children.7 

Richard  II.  in  1393  presented  Ro- 
bert Savage,  Lord  Mayor  of  York, 
with  a  large  gilt  mace,  to  be  borne 
before  him  and  his  successors  ;  and 
by  his  charter  to  that  city  he  empow- 
ered the  Serjeants-at-Mace  of  the 
Mayor  and  Sheriffs  to  have  Maces  gilt 
or  of  silver,  garnished  with  the  sign  of 
the  King's  arms.8 

In  the  17th  Richard  II.  the  Com- 
mons petitioned  that  no  Serjeant  in 
any  city  or  town  should  carry  his 
Mace  out  of  the  liberty  of  the  same. 
This  petition  was  unanswered.9 

Henry  the  Fourth,  in  the  fifth  year 
of  his  reign,  granted  that  the  Seijeants- 
at-Mace  of  the  Mayor  and  Sheriffs  of 
Norwich  might  carry  gold  or  silver 
Maces,  gilt  or  ungilt,  with  the  King's 
arms  thereon,  both  in  the  King's  pre- 
sence as  also  in  the  presence  of  the 
Queen  consort  or  Queen  mother  in 
the  city  and  its  county,  as  their  proper 
Serjeants-  at-Arms.^o 

Henry  the  Fiflh  gave  to  the  Guild  of 
St.  George  in  Norwich  a  wooden  Mace 
with  a  dragon's  head  at  the  top.  This 
was  formerly  carried  before  the  Al- 
derman of  the  Guild.ii  Amongst  the 
effects  of  this  monarch  is  enumerated 
"  One  Mace  of  Iron  garnished  with 
gold— price  £6."12 

The  following  letter,  addressed  by 


1  Fosbroke's  Encyclopedia  of  Antiquities. — Mr.  Fosbroke,  (vol.  ii.  p.  757,)  men- 
tions Dr.  Clarke's  supposition  that  the  origin  of  the  corporate  Mace  was  referable  to 
the  reverence  paid  by  the  Choeroneans  to  the  sceptre  of  Agamemnon.  This  supposition 
is  however,  I  should  suppose,  too  fanciful  to  meet  with  general  adoption. 

2  Gale,  Registrum  Honoris  do  Richmond  ;  Drake's  Eboracum  ;  Pictorial  Hist,  of 
England,  i.  o6b'.  3  Guillim's  Heraldrie,  edit.  1638,  p.  280. 

4  Ogilby's  Coronation  of  Charles  II.  ;  Sandford's  Coronation  of  James  II. 

5  Cavendish's  Life  of  Wolsey,  edit.  Singer,  44,  339.  6  Rot.  Pari.  ii.  155. 
7  Allen's  Hist,  of  London,  i.  1 11.  8  Drake's  Eboracum,  106,  181,  206. 
9  Cotton's  Records,  355.            10  Blomefield's  Norfolk,  8vo.  edit.  iii.  122. 

11  Ibid.  iu.  pi.  fig.  161,  iv.  351,  573.  12  Rot.  ParL  iv.  216. 


1840.] 


Some  Particulars  respecting  Maces, 


483 


Henry  the  Sixth  to  the  Mayor  of 
Reading  (or  more  correctly  speaking, 
perhaps,  the  Keeper  of  the  Guild 
there),  shows  the  jealousy  with  which 
the  right  of  carrying  a  Mace  was  then 
regarded  : — 

'*  Litere  regis  Henrici  Sexti  directe 
custodi  gilde  de  Redyng, 

**  Well  beloved,  we  greet  you  wel,  and 
how  be  it,  that  we  calle  to  our  remem- 
braunce  how  that  at  our  last  beyng  at  the 
towne  of  Redyng,  we  licensed  you  to  here 
oooly  the  mase  before  us,  so  that  it  be  not 
prejudicial!  unto  our  church  and  monas- 
terie  uf  Redyng.  Yet,  nathlesse,  ye  use 
it  other  wise  than  was  or  is  accordyng  to 
our  entent.  In  so  much,  that  as  we  sithens 
have  clierly  perceyvyd  by  sheweng  of  evi- 
dence and  credible  report  made  unto  us  of 
the  antique  usage  and  custume  had  in  the 
same  towne,  that  hit  is  contrarie  to  the 
franchise  and  libertees  of  our  said  church 
and  monasterie,  by  our  noble  aunciesterees 
graunted  and  by  us  confirmed,  you  to  be 
called  or  bere  other  in  name  or  in  signe 
other  wise  than  as  keeper  of  the  gilde  of 
Reding,  admitted  by  the  abbot  of  our  said 
monasterie,  and  not  by  us,  for  to  have  any 
mase,  or  eny  other  signe  of  officer  or  office 
to  be  born  by  you  or  any  other  man  with- 
ill  the  suid  town  and  franchisse  of  Reding. 
Savyng  oonly  two  tipped  staffs  to  be  bom 
by  the  bayhf  of  the  abbot  of  oure  said  mo- 
nahtcric,  graunted  and  yeven  to  the  abbot 
and  convent  of  the  same  our  monasterie 
at  the  first  foundac*on  thereof,  out  of 
court  of  niarshalsie  eldest  of  record  with 
al  nianer  court  plees  of  dette  of  trespace 
and  other,  and  also  execuc*on  of  the  same 
to  he  doon  by  his  baylif,  and  by  noon 
other,  :is  in  their  cliartent  of  graunte  and 
ronfirmae'on  more  evidently  hit  appereth. 
We  therfor  woll  and  charge  you  straitly, 
that  ye  ne  U!«c  nor  bere  any  mace,  nor 
other  signe,  nor  do  to  be  born  by  non 
other  personne  within  the  said  town  and 
franchise  thereof,  whereby  theinteresteand 
lii^ht  of  our  said  monasterie  might  in  any 
wyse  Ik!  interrupted  or  hurted,  which  we 
ne  wolde  nor  never  cntendcd,  savyng  oonly 
the  two  tipped  stafs,  in  manner  and  forme 
as  is  above  rehorsed,  as  ye  desire  to  plese 
us,  and  wol  eschew  the  contrary.  Yeven 
under  oure  signet  at  Eltham,  the  xxx  day 
of  Juill."»3 

The  right  of  having  Serjcants-at- 
Mace  was  subsequently  conceded  to 
the   corporation   of  Reading   by    the 


charters  of  Elizabeth  and  Charles  the 
First.i* 

On  Michaelmas  day  10th  Cdw.  IV. 
the  corporation  of  Cambridge  pur- 
chased four  Maces,  which  were  de- 
livered to  the  treasurers,  to  be  annually 
let  to  the  Serjeants,  to  the  use  and 
profit  of  the  treasury  of  the  town, — 
the  Serjeants  being  forbidden  to  use 
any  other  Maces.  On  the  same  day 
these  Maces  were  let  for  3«.  4d.  each, 
— the  parties  hiring  them  each  finding 
two  pledges  for  their  re-delivery.i5  It 
may  be  assumed  that  the  Serjeants 
amply  reimbursed  themselves  by  their 
fees  on  arrests. 

Edward  the  Sixth,  in  his  charter  to 
St.  Alban's,  granted  that  there  might 
be  two  Serjeants-at-Mace,  either  of 
whom  might  carry  a  mace  with  the 
King's  arms  engraven  upon  it,  before 
the  Mayor  within  the  borough.  16 

Queen  Elizabeth  in  1573  empowered 
the  Mayor  of  Thetford  to  have  two 
Serjeants,  who  might  have  two  silver 
Maces  before  him.i7  la  1578  this 
Queen  gave  a  Mace  of  silver  gilt  to  the 
city  of  Norwich,  where  it  used  to  be 
borne  before  the  Mayor  by  the  Cham- 
berlain ;  IS  and  in  the  Slst  year  of  her 
reign  she  granted  that  the  corporation 
of  Hertford  might  have  a  Serjeant  to 
carry  the  Mace,  with  the  royal  arms, 
before  the  bailiff.  In  1605  James  I. 
granted  that  there  should  be  two  Ser- 
jeants to  carry  within  that  borough 
before  the  Mayor,  two  maces  of  silver 
or  gilt,  with  gold  engraved  and  gar- 
nished with  the  King's  arms.i^ 

In  the  4l8t  Elizabeth  the  Queen 
granted  to  the  corporation  of  Leicester 
that  there  might  be  five  Serjeants-at- 
Macc  to  carry  gilt  or  silver  Maces,  or- 
namented with  the  arms  of  the  realm, 
before  the  Mavor  within  that  bo- 
rough. 20 

James  I.  granted  to  the  borough  of 
Ikrkhampstead  two  Serjeants  to  bear 
a  silver  Mace  before  the  bailiff.  This 
mace  was  to  be  adorned  with  the  arms 
of  Prince  Charles  (that  town  being 
parcel  of  the  duchy  of  Cornwall)  .21 

Charles  II.  in  his  Charter  to  the 
City  of  Gloucester,  authorised  the  ap. 


13  Conte.'s  Rea.ling,  (i(K         U  Ibid.  <).!,  Gii.         15  Cross  Book  of  Cambridge. 
10  Chauney's   llertVordiihire.  «vo.  edit.  ii.  VIM).  H  lUomcrtehrs  Norfolk,  Hvo. 

oiit.  ii.  i;t.'».      »»  Ibid.  iii.  3'iO,  pi.  fig.  i:»H,  iv.  :.|.*.      1'^  y^rnor**  Hertford,  7G.  HI. 
20  liibUolh.  Topog.  Britt.  via.  1)47.    21  Chauncy'a  Ucrtford|hire,  «vo.  vdit.  u.  ^6. 


484 


Some  Part'iitdart  respietUg  Moet$. 


[Hay. 


poiDtment  of  four  Serjeants-oi-Mace, 
each  of  whom  might  carry  before  thje 
Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  Sheriffs  {ac- 
cording to  the  pustom  long  nnce  there 
observed),  a  silver  mi^ce,  with  the 
arms  of  the  Kiog  an4  the  City  en- 
graved on  it  22. 

The  instances  I  hfjive  given  of  the 
right  to  bear  a  Mace  being  the  sub- 
ject of  an  express  grant  from  the 
crown,  might,  I  have  no  doubt,  be 
greatly  augmented,  and  the  charters 
of  most  towns  enumerate  Serjeant-at- 
Mace  amongst  the  corporate  officers. 

It  is  well  known  that,  on  occasions 
of  royal  visits  to  a  corporate  town,  the 
Mace  is  borne  before  the  Sovereign 
by  the  Mayor.  Whether  it  has  been 
usual  thus  to  honour  other  members 
of  the  royal  family,  I  know  not,  but  it 
appears  that  on  the  occasion  of  the 
Princess  Margaret  passing  through 
York  in  1503,  on  her  way  to  Scotland 
to  be  married  to  James  IV.  the  Lord 
Mayor  of  that  city  preceded  her  with 
the  Mace  on  his  shoulder  S8, 

At  Southampton,  it  was  formerly 
the  custom  to  carry  a  Mace  before  the 
Mayoress  on  stote  occasions  ^ ;  and 
at  Nottingham  there  was  a  Mayoress's 
Serjeant  ^. 

A  Mace  seems  to  have  been  no  un- 
usual gift  from  noblemen  or  gentle- 
men connected  with  corporate  bodies, 
as  appears  by  the  following  instances  : 
— In  1609,  the  Honourable  Edward 
Talbot,  second  son  to  the  Earl  of 
Shrewsbury,  gave  a  Mace  to  the  cor- 
poration of  Pontefract  ^4 .  and  in  1636 
Sir  Thomas  Posthumus  Hoby  made 
a  like  present  to  the  town  of  Scar- 
borough 24 ;  Sir  Joseph  Williams,  one 
of  the  Secretaries  of  State  to  Charles 
II.  gave  a  Mace  to  the  town  of  Thet- 
ford  36.  The  Mace  belonging  to  the 
corporation  of  the  Bedford  Level  was 
given  by  the  first  governor  of  that 
body,  —  William  Earl  (afterwards 
Duke)  of  Bedford  27.  In  1663  a  Mace 
was  presented  to  the  corporation  of 
Guildford  by  the  Honourable  Henry 
Howard;  and  in  1670-1  Lord  Henry 


Howard  (afterwards  Duke  of  Norfolk) 
gave  to  the  city  of  Norwich  a  Mace 
of  silver  gilt,  weighing  above  167 
ounces  S9.  Two  massive  and  j^egant 
silver  Maces,  each  SMrmounted  by  a 
crown,  were,  in  1680,  given  tp  the 
corporatioo  of  Newcast^e-under-Lymc 
by  William  Leveson  Gower,  esq.,  the 
lineal  ancestor  of  the  Duke  of  Suther- 
land 24.  In  the  reign  of  Queen  Anoe, 
Edward  Earl  of  Orford  (better  known 
perhaps  as  Admiral  Russell,)  gave  a* 
fine  large  Mace  to  the  corporation  of 
Cambridge ;  and  in  1703  tbe  Puke  of 
Hamilton  made  a  similar  present  to 
the  corporation  of  Preston  >*.  Ip  1724 
Thomas.Sclater  Bacon,  esq.  then  M.P. 
for  Cambridge,  presented  the  corpora- 
tion of  that  town  with  four  silver  gilt 
Maces.  In  1733  Sir  Robert  Walpole 
gave  the  city  of  Norwich  a  silver  gilt 
Mace,  weighing  168  ounces  V.  About 
100  years  since  Col.  Twisleton  gave 
two  Maces  to  the  city  of  Carlisle  ^ ; 
and  in  1810  George  Forrester,  esq. 
presented  a  Mace  to  the  corporation 
ofWenlockJH. 

The  corporation  Maces  appear  to 
have  been  anciently  of  a  less  ornate 
character  than  those  now  generally 
used ;  two  old  Maces  belonging  to  the 
the  city  of  Oxford  are  ensraved  in 
Dr.  Ingram's  Memorials,  where  they 
are  termed  Staves.  At  Dunwich  they 
have  or  had  a  small  silver  Mace  (appa- 
rently of  some  antiquity)  in  the  shape 
of  an  arrow.  This  measured  in  length 
ten  inches  and  a  half.  Upon  the  head 
were  engraved  the  arms  of  the  King 
and  of  the  borough  34. 

At  Llandilloes  were  two  old  Maces 
of  lead ;  and  at  Loughor  two  Maces  of 
wood  and  tin  were  replaced  by  brass 
onesW. 

At  Bridgnorth  and  Carlisle  the  tops 
of  the  Maces  were  convertible  into 
drinking  cups  ^*, 

When  the  Mayor  of  Nottingham 
went  out  of  office,  the  Mace,  covered 
with  rosemary  and  sprigs  of  bay,  was 
laid  on  a  table  covered  with  black 
crape.    This  was  called  kwyiug  the 


22  Atkyns*8  Glostershlre,  104.    23  Drake^s  Eboracum,  126. 


39  Ibid.  iii.  448,  pi.  fig.  160,  iv.  573.    M  Deering's  Nottttghtm.  107. 
»l  VoL  xvi.  p.  338. 


1840.] 


7%i  Afdiqyky  and  Uti  o/Macei. 


486 


Mace,  The  old  Mayor,  on  this  occa- 
sion, kissed  the  Mace,  and  presented 
it  to  his  succesaor  with  a  suitable 
coniplimeot  30. 

On  the  capture  of  a  fort  at  Agra  by 
the  British  Army  in  October  1S03, 
there  were  found  five  Maces,  three  of 
iron,  and  two  of  iron  and  copper, 
which  were  said  to  have  been  carried 
before  the  native  princes  on  grand 
public  processions.  These  are  engraved 
in  the  Archseologia  si. 

The  suggestion  of  T.  T.  that  the 
Mace  is  not  used  in  the  three  great 
common  law  courts,  because  the  Sove- 
reign is,  by  a  fiction  of  law,  supposed 
to  preside  there  in  person,  appears  to 
mc  inadmissible.  First,  because  the 
fiction  of  law  to  which  he  refers  ex- 
tends only  to  one  of  these  three  courts 
(the  Queen's  Bench).  Secondly,  be- 
cause the  same  fiction  of  law  applies 
to  the  Court  of  Chancery  (where  the 
Mace  is  used),  as  is  apparent  from  the 
significant  "  teste  meipso  "with  which 
the  writs  issuing  from  that  court  con- 
clude. 

I  forbear,  for  brevity  sake,  to  say 
any  thing  now  of  the  Silver  Oar,  the 
emblem  of  admiralty  jurisdiction,— of 
the  Verges,  borne  before  the  dignitaries 
of  cathedral  and  collegiate  churches, — 
or  of  the  Maces  (or,  more  properly 
speaking.  Staves)  used  by  the  autlio- 
rities  of  our  universities.  These  (to- 
gether with  the  Sword  of  State)  may 
probably  form  the  subjects  of  a  future 
communication. 

Yours,  &c.  C.  H.  Cooper. 


Ma.  Urban,  Cork,  F^b.  12. 

THE  Mace,  from  iua35a,  Saxon,  or 
ma^a,  Spanish,  is  spoken  of  as  a 
sceptre  or  ensign  of  royal  authority  by 
our  ancient  writers.  We  fiod  in  the 
Faery  Queen — 

"He  mightily  upheld  that  royal  maoe 
Which  now  thou  bearest.'' 

We  read  that  Walworth,  Mayor  of 
London,  with  his  Mace,  knocked  the 
rebel  Wat  Tyler  off  hit  horse  in 
Smithfield,  for  approaching,  in  an  in- 
solent manner,  too  near  the  person  of 
the  young  King  Richard  the  Second, 
and  that  he  then  dispatched  him  with 
his  dagger.  In  Uiose  troubled  davs 
it  was  absolutely  necessary  for  the 
magistrates  to  be  well  armed,  and  the 
Mace  here  spoken  of  was  so  formed 
as  to  senre,  on  emergtney,  m  a  wet- 


poo.  The  ancient  Mace,  in  shape* 
somewhat  resembled  a  coffee-mill : 
that  of  modern  times  is  different  ia 
form,  being  of  copper,  or  silver-gilt, 
with  a  crown,  globe,  and  cross,  and  U 
the  principal  ensign  of  authority  ia 
Great  Britain. 

The  word  Mace,  as  derived  from 
the  LAtin,  Massa,  and  the  French, 
Massue,  is  most  frequently  met  with 
in  its  meaning  of  a  heavy  blunt  wea- 
pon shod  with  metal.  Many  speci- 
mens may  be  seen  in  the  Tower.  The 
Mace  was  used  as  a  weapon  by  moet 
nations  until  about  the  end  of  the  six- 
teenth century,  and  is  common  among 
the  Turks  at  the  present  day.  Mura- 
tori  (Antiq.  Med.  ^Evi.  Dis.  26)  ob- 
serves, that,  in  a  close  engagement  of 
heavy  cavalry,  it  was  almost  impoi- 
sible  to  wound  powerful  men  in  ar- 
mour, sitting  on  horseback ;  for  their 
persons,  being  cased  in  hauberki, 
helmets,  and  other  iron  coverings, 
eluded  the  power  of  swords,  darts, 
and  arrows;  and  that  therefore  the 
Mace  was  a  most  efllcacioas  weapon, 
by  its  weight  crushing  and  overthrow- 
ing the  riders.  Ellis,  in  his  Fabliaux, 
says,  that  it  was  a  common  weapon 
with  ecclesiastics,  who,  in  conse- 
quence  of  their  tenures,  often  took  the 
field,  but  were,  by  a  canon  of  the 
church,  forbidden  to  wield  the  sword. 

The  pioneers  of  the  train-bands,  or 
city  militia  (London),  used  to  bear, 
till  near  the  close  of  the  last  centary. 
Staves,  at  the  end  of  which  were  sus- 
pended, by  chains,  iron  and  leaden 
balls  armed  with  spikes.  They  re- 
sembled, in  some  measure,  the  ancient 
Maces,  and  were  called  "Morgan 
Stern,"  or  Morning  Stars,  and  it  was 
with  a  weapon  of  this  kind  that  a 
certain  noble  Marquess,  notorious  for 
his  "  larking  "  propensities, 

**  Vexing  with  nurth  the  drowsy  eer 
of  night," 
was,  a  few  years  ago,  laid  prostrate  in 
the  usually  quiet  streets  of  Bergen, 

Yours,  &c.    M. 


Mr.  Urban,  April  6, 

IN  your  number  of  this  month  I 
read,  with  deep  regret,  another  gross 
calumny  on  the  memory  of  the  excel- 
lent Dr.  Jortin.  You  observe  (p.  363, 
in  the  notes  on  Boswell's  Johnson) 
"  that  you  quoted  the  judgment  (not, 
perhaps,  qmU  infallible}  of  the  li«e 


486 


The  Character  of  Dr.  Jortin  defended. 


[May, 


Mr,  Rose,  on  that  subject,  in  the  Ma- 
gazine of  February  1839."    You  did, 
indeed  !  and  a  more  base,  calumnious, 
and  unfounded  invective  has  seldom 
appeared  in  print.     Had  it  not  been 
given  on  your  respectable  authority, 
I  should  have  doubted  the  accuracy  of 
the  quotation.     Nothing  but  the  then 
recent  death  of  Mr.  Rose  would  have 
prevented  the  administering  a  most 
severe,  but  merited  castigation.     You 
now  favour  us  with  a  second  opinion, 
"pronounced,"  you  say,  "  by  another 
well-informed  writer."     You  are  per- 
fectly right.     These  writers  are  both 
equally  well  informed  on  this  topic, 
that   is,    they    arc    both    profoundly 
ignorant  about   it.     The   author  you 
quote  is  Mr,  Dowling, — 1  beg  the  gen- 
tleman's pardon,  perhaps  Doctor  Dow- 
ling.    If  this   Mr.  or  Dr.   possesses 
one-tenth  part  of  the  talents  and  lite- 
rature  of  Jortin,  I  promise    him   he 
will   make    no    small   figure    in   the 
world.     In  the  present  case,  however, 
his    unprovoked    abuse   must   excite, 
with   all   candid  persons,    just    con- 
tempt.    What !    is    every  malignant 
scribbler  to  insult  the  memory  of  him 
who  was  so  eminently  distinguished 
by  the  great  Seeker  and  his  immediate 
predecessor  in  the  archiepiscopal  see? 
Is  no  reverence  due  to  the   ashes  of 
the   ecclesiastic  who   was   the  Arch- 
deacon of  our  great  metropolis,   and 
the  Vicar  of  the  important  parish  of 
Kensington,  the  chief  residence,  about 
that  period,  of  the  Sovereign  ?    These 
preferments  are  now,  by  a   singular 
coincidence,  again  united  in  the  per- 
son of  a  most  learned  and  venerable 
divine,  and  long   may  they  so    con- 
tinue !     But   it  is   easy.   Sir,  to    see, 
with  Don  Quixote's  housekeeper,  on 
"  which  leg  these  two  worthies  have 
halted."    Jortin    was   the   strenuous 
and  persevering  opponent  of  Enthu- 
siasm and  Methodism.     He  was  the 
contemporary  of  Whitfield  and  Wesley, 
and  was  a  sorrowful  witness  of  the 
mischiefs  they    perpetrated.     He    is, 
therefore,  stigmatised    as    a    rational 
divine,  in   opposition,  as  it  were,  to 
spiritual ;  and  as  if  he  bad  never  pro- 
fessed any  reliance  on  the  great  doc- 
trines of  Divine   grace   and  Spiritual 
assistance.     But  if  to  be  as  holy,  as 
just,  as  temperate,  as  mild,  as  gentle, 
and  as  good  as  he  was,  is  desirable 
for  any  of  us,  wc  may  well  pray  that 


such  "  rationality  "  may  ever  flourish 
and  abound.  With  respect  to  the 
works  of  this  calumniated  author,  I 
readily  allow  that  "The  Life  of  Eras- 
mus "  is  dull  and  tedious.  But  why  ? 
From  being  over-loaded  with  quota- 
tions and  appendices.  We  may  next 
consider  "  The  Remarks  on  Ecclesias- 
tical History."  Here,  then^  comes  the 
rub  !  Jortin  has  anticipated,  perhaps, 
what  Mr.  Dowling  intended  to  have 
said,  or  rather  to  have  borrowed.  If 
Mr.  D.  takes  in  hand  to  enlighten  the 
world  on  the  History  of  the  Church, 
why  is  it  necessary  to  abuse  a  pioneer 
in  the  same,  perhaps,  rough  path,  who 
has,  at  any  rate,  removed  some  rub- 
bish out  of  his  way,  and  furnished 
some  hints  for  his  guidance.  The  fact 
is,  that  Jortin,  like  Bishop  Warbur- 
ton,  was  eminently  rich  in  classic 
lore.  I  do  not  suspect  that  Mr.  D.  is 
quite  their  equal.  Jortin,  perhaps, 
made  too  much  display  of  what  is 
called  profane  learning ;  but  we  had 
better  have  too  much  of  a  good  thing 
than  too  little.  To  assert  that  Jortin's 
remarks  are  "  a  vulgar  caricature,"  is 
to  talk  sheer  nonsense.  What  does  the 
poor  man  mean  ?  Whom  or  what  do 
the  remarks  hold  up  to  ridicule  ?  The 
Church,  or  the  Christian  Religion? 
assuredly  not.  On  the  contrary,  the 
folly  of  Paganism,  the  absurdities  of 
Popery,  and  the  gross  errors  of  the 
Methodists,  are  the  only  objects  of 
that  keen  and  elegant  satire,  to  the  ex- 
ercise of  which  Mr.  (or  Dr.)  D.  can 
prefer,  I  believe,  but  a  very  slender 
claim.   * 

The  truth.  Sir,  however,  must  be 
told  at  once.  Jortin  was  a  decided 
anti-Calvinist,  and  I  am  decidedly  of 
opinion,  if  he  had  not  been  so,  and 
had  passed  over  the  celebrated  Bishop 
of  Hippo  in  silence,  neither  Mr.  Rose 
nor  Mr.  (or  Dr.)  Dowling  would  have 
troubled  their  heads  about  him. 

He  accuses  their  favourite  Augus- 
tine (the  idol  of  the  Calvinistic  party) 
"with  a  partial  ignorance  of  the 
Greek  language,"  and  with  some  lean- 
ing towards  "  Manicheism,"  and  Uiis 
was  an  offence  not  to  be  forgiven. 
All  the  intimate  associates  of  Jortin 
are  long  since  gone  to  their  eternal 
rest ;  but  in  the  early  part  of  my  life 
I  had  the  pleasure  of  being  acquainted 
with  several  of  them,  and  I  distinctly 
remember  the  delight  witb  which  hi^ 


1840.] 


Vindication  of  the  Rev,  Samuel  Bishop, 


487 


character  was  pourtraycd.  The  pro- 
found scholar,  the  zealous  and  ortho- 
dox divine,  the  devout  and  humble 
believer, the  indefatigable  parish  priest, 
the  affectionate  father,  the  indulgent 
master,  the  kind  neighbour,  and  the 
faithful  friend,  were  the  lineaments 
with  which  it  was  adorned.  Mr.  (or 
Dr.)  Dowling,  therefore,  would  em- 
ploy his  time  much  better  in  imitating 
so  great  an  example,  than  in  attempt- 
ing (the  attempt,  indeed,  is  rather 
puny)  to  defame  or  lower  it.  I  need 
not  specify,  however,  against  what 
such  sparrow-shot  will  ever  be  dis- 
charged in  vain ! 

Mr.  Dowling  may  never  have  seen 
Jortin's  Sermons.  If  he  should,  per- 
adventure,  meet  with  them,  and  if  he 
is  competent  to  understand  them,  1 
hope,  and  I  believe,  that  his  heart 
will  smite  him  (provided  he  has  one) 
for  thus  wantonly  and  maliciously 
calumniating  their  learned  and  pious 
author. 

Yours,  &c.  A  Constant  Reader. 


Mr.  Urban, 

CONSIDERING  your  Magazine 
ns  one  long  devoted  to  the  cause  of 
Literature,  and  tenacious  of  the  just 
claims  which  scholars  and  men  of 
talent  have  on  lasting  approbation,  I 
report  to  it,  for  the  purpose  of  repelling 
a  most  unfounded  accusation  against 
an  individual,  who,  though  now  for 
many  years  removed  from  the  world,  is 
still  affectionately  remembered  by  near- 
ly all  those  survivors,  who  had  in  youth 
the  advantage  of  being  under  his  care, 
and  who  has  achieved  for  himself,  in 
public  opinion,  a  lasting  rank  amongst 
the  poets  of  our  country.  The  indi- 
vidual referred  to,  is  the  well-known 
Samuel  Bishop,  who  devoted  thirty- 
Mvvn  years  of  his  life  as  a  roaster  to 
Merchant-Taylors*  School,  being  for 
the  last  twelve  years  its  chief  di- 
rector :  and  the  charge  I  have  spoken 
of,  is  contained  in  the  recently  pub- 
lished Memoirs  of  Charles  Mathews, 
the  Comedian,  the  whole  of  which, 
indeed,  I  have  not  seen,  but  some  ex- 
tract«»  from  which,  contained  in  the 
Metropolitan  Magazine  for  January 
1^;»1),  have,  within  a  few  hours  only, 
forced  themselves  on  my  attention. 

That  part  of  these  Memoirs  to  which 
I  shall  refer,  appears  to  been  drawn  up 
by  the  aforesaid  ComedUa  himself. 


and  that  he,  a  man  born  to  laugh  at, 
or  laugh  with,  should  seek  to  make 
every  thing  he  treated,  ridiculous, 
need  not  surprise  us  ;  but,  as  he  might 
have  learned  enough  of  Horace  to  have 
translated, 

*'  ridentem  dicere  verum 

Quidvetat?" 

he  should  have  recollected,  that  there 
was  no  sentence  in  this,  or  any  other 
writer,  authorising  him,  "  ridentem, 
dicere  falsum." 

Schoolmasters  from  the  very  first 
appear  to  have  been  among  those,  of 
whom  he  sought  to  make  sport,  whilst 
in  his  Memoirs  he  endeavours  so  to 
caricature  them,  that  they  shall  seem 
to  the  very  last,  or  as  long  as  his  book 
shall  be  looked  into,  objects  of  con- 
tempt or  abhorrence.  Of  his  early 
instructors  at  St.  Martin's,  with  whom 
he  in  such  spirit  amuses  himself,  I 
know  nothing,  thinking  it  however 
very  probable  that  his  statements  re- 
specting these  are  much  overcharged  ; 
but  when  he  speaks  of  Merchant-Tay- 
lors' School,  and  especially  of  Mr. 
Bishop,  I  am  quite  certain,  that  ia 
endeavouring  to  produce  effect,  he  ca- 
lumniates rather  than  describes,  and 
distorts  rather  than  pourtrays.  He 
first  attacks  what  he  calls  "  his  huge 
powder'd  wig,"  though  it  was  only 
such  a  one  as  most  aged  clergymen  at 
that  period  wore,  and  proceeds  to  re- 
late, that  he,  and  his  school- fellows, 
shot  paper  darts  into  it,  till  it  looked 
like  "  a  fretful  porcupine." — ^Too  silly 
a  tale  for  any  one  to  credit,  who  knows 
that  the  school -room  is  the  largest  in 
England,  that  three  other  masters 
were  continually  in  it,  and  that  such 
missiles,  ifdischarged,  must  have  been 
seen  by  them,  as  well  as  by  all  the 
boys,  amounting  to  about  two-hun- 
dred, some  of  the  seniors  among 
whom,  out  of  respect  to  their  beloved 
master,  would  have  taken  the  law  into 
their  own  hands,  and  avenged  the  in- 
sult. After  this  attack  on  the  wig, 
the  Memoirs  proceed  to  relate,  that 
Mr.  Bishop  had  chalkstone  knuckles, 
which  he  used  "  to  rap  on  the  writer's 
head,  like  a  bag  of  marbles."  Now, 
that  the  joints  of  his  hands  had  been 
swollen  by  hereditary  gout,  is  true, 
but  the  disease  which  thus  enlarges 
enfeebles  likewise,  and  if  the  knuckles 
ever  made  an  impression  on  the  skull 
of  this  mime,  it  was  only  becaasc,  for 


488 


Vindication  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Bishop. 


fMay, 


all  purposes  of  useful  acquirement,  it 
wasaverysoftone.  Omitting  one  or  two 
other  matters,  of  trivial  consequence, 
but  exceedingly  overcharged,  I  hasten 
to  the  most  offensive  and  false  asser- 
tion,  that  "two  more  cruel  tyrants 
than  Bishop  and  Rose,  never  existed." 
Rose  was  at  that  time  second  master  ; 
i  was  not  in  any  part  of  the  school 
under  him,  but,  having  through  many 
years  witnessed  his  conduct  towards 
those  who  were,  I  can  positively  af- 
firm, that  he  was  by  no  means  a  severe 
disciplinarian,   nor,    whatever  might 
have  been  his  other  errors,  an  unkind 
man  ;   whilst  the  stigma  attempted  to 
be  fixed  on  Bishop,  is  as  gross  a  false- 
hood as  was  ever  uttered  I     I  am  not 
easily  excited  to  harsh  language,  but 
my  veneration  for  that  accomplished 
instructor,  and  my  gratitude  towards 
that  almost  paternal  friend, — I  speak  in 
reference  not  only  to  myself,  but  many 
others,— excite  me  to  a  decided  and  un- 
flinching refutation.   So  far  from  being 
a  tyrant,  he  not  only  seldom  resorted 
to  corporal  punishment,  but  the  whole 
tone  of  discipline  through  the  school, 
whilst  under  his  direction,  was  soft- 
ened.   Though  flogging  had  not  for 
some  previous  years  been  frequent  at 
Merchant-Taylors',   it  almost  ceased 
"when  he  was  Head- Master ;  and  as 
regarded  the  two  upper  forms,  which 
were  altogether    under  his  manage- 
ment, it  ceased  entirely.     In  the  well- 
known  picture  of  "  Flogging  Busby  " 
at  Christ- church,  there  is  a  portrait 
of  one   of   his   scholars,   who   looks 
smilingly  up  to  the  rod  and  the  mas- 
ter, and  is  said  to  be,  "  the  only  boy 
whom   he    never  flogged."     Had    it 
been  wished  to  have  delineated  Bishop, 
**  the  cruel  tyrant,"  in  a  similar  man- 
ner, the  difficulty  would  have  been  to 
have  found  a  boy  whom  he  had  flog- 
ged, though  every  reader  of  the  Come- 
dian's book  must  be  aware,  that  there 
was  one  who  well  deserved  it.     And 
whilst  the  rod  was  never  used,  even 
the  cane  was  rarely  and  moderately  ; 
not  but  a  teacher  so  intelligent,  dis- 
criminated between  the  idle  and  indus- 
trious, the  mischievous  and  orderly, 
knowing  well  how  to  awaken  shame  in 
the  former,  if  there  were  any  sense  of 
right,  any  dormant  feeling,  in  their 
minds ;  whilst  the  latter  it  was  his 
delight  to  encourage  and  commend. 
It  is  truly  said  of  him  by  his  biogra- 


pher,  Mr.  Clare,* — "  In  the  Aianage- 
ment  of  the  school,  his  discretion  was 
singularly  apparent — ^he    avoided  all 
unnecessary  severity,  endeavouring  if 
possible  to  interest  the  feelings  of  his 
boys,  to  win  the  affection  of  the  inge- 
nious by  kindness,  and  to  restrain  the 
turbulence  of  the  perverse  by  shame 
and  disgrace."    It  was  the  custom  in 
his  day,  when  the  senior  boys  had 
conned   their  appointed  task,  to  go 
with  their  master  into  a  contiguous 
apartment,  called  the  box-room,  where 
they  construed  it,  after  which  he  read 
over  the  whole ;  and  how  he  did  this 
shall  be  repeated  from  Mr.  Clare,  who 
has  told  it  very  happilv.^ — "  No  illus- 
tration was   withheld,    no    difficulty 
unnoticed,    no    allusion    to    ancient 
manners    or    customs    unremarked, 
no  beauty   of   diction  or  sentiment 
left    unobserved,    and    no    hint    for 
moral  or   mental    improvement  per- 
mitted to  pass  without  due  regard; 
and    all   this   was   done   with    such 
friendly  interest,  such  frank  famili- 
arity,  and  such  condescending  plea- 
santry, that  the  boys  actually  look- 
ed forward  to  the  time  of  lesson  as 
to  an  hour  of  delight."    And  whilst 
thus  performing  his  part,  how  Was  he 
pleased,   if  any  of  his  scholars  well 
performed  theirs  !    When  an  exercise 
was  correctly   done,  his  praise  was 
not  wanting ;  but  if  it  went  beyond 
correctness,  and  indicated  talent,  with 
what  pleasure  would  he  declare  his 
approbation,  and  quitting  th6  chair 
with  it  in  his  hand,  take  it  triumph- 
antly to  the  junior  masters,  that  they 
too  might  be  gratified.     No  teacher 
ever  commended  more  kindly,  no  one 
ever  felt  truer  interest  in  the  welfare 
of  those  whom  he  honoured  with  his 
approbation.    Never    shall    I    forget 
when  my  school-boy  life  Was  over,  and 
my  election  to  St.  John's  College  ar- 
ranged, the  affectionate   manner,  in 
which,   coming  out  of   the  Election 
Chapel,  he  told  me  to  go  into  it  and 
hear  my  destiny,  striking  me  playfully 
on  my  shoulder  with   the  collected 
sleeve  of  his  gown,  and  adding  an 
encomium,  which  it  would  be  too  vain 
to  repeat,  though  it  was  from  him 


*  See  Memoirs  of  Mr.  Bishops  pre- 
fixed to  his  Foeticsl  Woriu,  in  t#o  Tob. 
4to.  by  the  Rer.  Thomat  CUi«»  1199*  • 


1840.]     The  Rev,  S.  Bishop,-^  Destruction  of  Exchequer  Records.     489 


too  welcome   not  to  sink  deeply  into 
ray  heart. 

Of  my  contemporaries  at  Merchant- 
Taylors',  who  shared  the  advantage  of 
Mr.  Bishop's  instruction  and  kindness, 
the  far  greater  part,  alas !  have  been 
engulphed  in  the  grave,  several  among 
them  having  proved  by  their  lives,  that 
the   care  of    their  excellent   and    be- 
loved master   had  not  been  bestowed 
on  them  in  vain  ;    attaining   to   emi- 
nence by  their   talents,  and  to  high 
respectability  by  their  conduct.  Among 
these.  Van  Mildert,  the  distinguished 
Bishop  of  Durham,  may  be  enumer- 
ated ;    a   few,  however,   still  survive, 
among    whom    is    Carey,  Bishop   of 
Worcester,    and  others,   not  without 
distinction,  and  of  unblemished  cha- 
racter ;  and  if  any  attestations  were 
wanting  to  my  statement,  I  might  con- 
fidently appeal  to  them.     Should  some 
of  these  have  seen  the  attack  on  their 
venerable    and  most  kind  instructor, 
stigmatising  him  "  as  a  cruel  tyrant," 
the  only  reason  why    it  has  not  been 
already  repelled,  must  be  that  it  was 
not  thought  worth  while,  when  it  was 
considered    by   whom    it  was   made. 
Yet,  as  the  book  containing  it  is  circu- 
lating,   having    been  commended    by 
some    who   usually    influence    public 
opinion,  the  aspersion,  if  uncontradict- 
ed,   might   be   supposed    to    be    not 
wholly  undeserved. 

My  object  being  to  vindicate  Mr. 
Bishop's  hitherto  unattackcd  reputa- 
tion, I  shall  not  trespass  on  much 
more  of  your  space,  by  remarking 
the  gross  inaccuracy  appearing  in 
the  few  pages  containing  the  state- 
ments of  Charles  Mathews,  Come- 
dian, on  Merchant-Taylors'  School. 
Thus  he  talks  of  there  being  "  six 
forms  only,"  when  in  fact  there  have 
been  always  eight,  though  the  Petty, 
and  Division,  arc  not  numerically 
named  ;  and,  after  mentioning  "  Gard- 
ner," an  amiable  man,  as  lowest  in 
grade   among  the    Masters  when  he 


entered,  immediately  speaks  of  "  Lord 
as  fourth  Master,"  who  should  have 
been   described  as  third.  Other   mis- 
takes occur  about  the  latter ;  but  I  re- 
cur to  my  chief  object,  the  vindication 
of  Mr.  Bishop.   Though  speaking  of 
him  hitherto  chiefly  as  a  schoolmaster^ 
it  may  be  affirmed,  that  in  other  rela- 
tive situations,  his  character  was  of 
the   most  estimable    kind.      Had   he 
been  "  the  cruel  tyrant "  which  one 
of  his  scholars,  at  that  period  of  life, 
by  his   own  showing,   an  idle,   mis- 
chievous boy,  describes  him,  somewhat 
of  the  arrogance,  injustice,  and  seve- 
rity, mingled   up   necessarily  in  that 
vile  compound,  would  have  been  trace- 
able in  his  clerical,  matrimonial,  and 
parental  relations  ;  but  his  ministerial 
and    domestic    life   was,    it    is    well 
known,  of  a  directly  opposite  com- 
plexion ;  in  the  latter,  especially*  he 
uniformly  displayed  that  affectionate 
tenderness  by  which  his  annual  verses, 
addressed  to  Mrs.  Bishop,  are  so  beaa- 
ti fully  adorned  as  to   have   gained  a 
strong  hold  on  the  recollection  of  their 
readers.     The  two  of  these  most  cele- 
brated, "A  knife,  my  girl,  cuts  lovt, 
they  say,"  and  "  Thee,  Mary,  with 
this   ring  I  wed,"  after  being  fami- 
liarised among  past,   will   be   perpe- 
tuated among  future  generations.  But 
to  say  nothing  of  his  printed  Sermons, 
which  deserve  great  praise,  his  col- 
lected   poetry,   as    published    by   his 
friend  Mr.  Clare,  elevates  him  to  the 
first  rank  among  the  Epigrammatists 
of  our  country,  and  well  deserves,  in 
other  respects,  from  its  general  excel- 
lence, the  eulogium  prefixed  to  it,  in 
the  edition  specified,  from  one  of  his 
own  compositions. 

"  His  verse  still  lives,  his  sentimait 
still  warms, 
His  lyre  still  warbles,  and  his  wit  stiU 
charms." 

Having  merely  performed  an  act  of 
justice,  I  am. 

Yours,  flee.  JOHAIfNSNSIS. 


THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  EXCHEQUER  RECORDS. 


THAT  weak  and  foolish  man,  Hugh 
Peters,  gravely  proposed  to  the  per- 
sons engaged  in  remodelling  the  con- 
stitution, after  the  death  of  Charles  1. 
that  they  should  destroy  all  the  Re- 

Gii«T.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII. 


cords,  and  settle  the  country  upon  a 
new  foundation.  The  suggestion  was 
deeded  rather  too  violent,  even  at  that 
period,  and  it  has  remained  a  stigma 
upon  the  memory  of  the  fanatic  from 

3  R 


490 


Deairuction  of  Eit€hequ$r  Records. 


[May, 


-whom  it  emanated^  aixd«  as  it  might 
have  been  hoped>  a  warning  to  aU 
succeeding  meddlers  with  public  do- 
cuments. It  seems,  however,  that,  in 
these  enlightened  days,  we  do  what 
Peters  merely  proposed :  not  with  his 
view,  indeed — there  does  not  appear 
to  be  either  treason  or  madness  in  our 
folly — but  we  destroy  public  docu- 
ments of  great  interest  and  historical 
value,  for  three  reasons,  1.  To  save 
the  damp  the  trouble  of  destroying 
them ;  2.  That  the  public  may  pay  the 
expense  of  destroying  them;  and  3, 
To  put  large  sums  of  money  into  the 
pockets  of  certain  dealers  in  waste 
paper  and  autographs. 

In  our  last  Magazine  we  stated  all 
that  we  could  then  discover  respecting 
this  most  extraordinary  transaction. 
Before  we  again  go  to  press,  probably 
the  Committee  of  Inquiry  appointed 
by  the  House  of  Lords  will  have  made 
its  report,  and  we  may  then  resume 
the  subject ;  in  the  mean  time,  we  are 
enabled  to  lay  before  our  readers  a 
few  specimens  of  the  kind  of  papers 
which  some  enlightened  persons  think 
it  right  to  rescue  from  the  economical 
ravages  of  damp,  in  order  that  they 
may  be  destroyed  in  another  manner, 
and  at  an  expense  of  four  or  five  hun- 
dred pounds.  We  publish  these,  not 
as  the  most  valuable  of  the  documents 


saved  from  this  worse  than  Vandal  or 
Mahometan  destruction ;  on  the  con- 
trary, we  have  been  told  of  papers  of 
far  greater  importance,  some  of  which 
have  been  purchased  at  very  consi- 
derable sums,  but  these  are  all  that 
are  at  present  accessible  to  ua,  and 
we  may  safelv  put  it  to  all  persons  of 
education,  whether,— even  supposing 
that  there  were  no  documents  de- 
stroyed of  greater  value  than  the  fol- 
lowmg — it  is  creditable  to  us,  as  a 
people,  that  cartloads  of  such  monn- 
ments  of  our  past  transactions  should 
be  mutilated,  destroyed,  and  sold  to 
fishmongers ! 

Among  the  documents  stated  to 
have  been  "  reserved  "  by  the  officers 
employed  in  the  work  of  destruction, 
"  as  possessed  not  only  of  official  but 
general  interest  and  value,"  one  is 
mentioned  (see  p.  413)  under  the  title 
of  "  Quarterly  Returns  of  State  Pri- 
soners  in  the  Tower,"  &c.  from  1570, 
to  which  is  added  the  ominous  word 
"incomplete/*  That  the  series  may 
well  be  incomplete  will  be  evident, 
when  we  state  that  the  following  do- 
cument is  one  of  those  which  found 
its  way  to  the  fishmonger,  having 
been  first  torn  directlj/  down  the  ndddh, 
i$Uo  two  parUt  so  that  it  is  by  the 
merest  accident  that  it  is  again  re- 
united. 


The  demaundbs  of  S'  Fraunces  Jobson,  knight,  Liveten*nt  of  the  Tower  of 
London :  for  the  diettes  and  chargis  of  certein  prisoners,  there  remayning,  as 
hereaff  are  perticulery  declared,  viz. 

Arthube  Poole. — Inp'mis,  for  the  diettes  and  chargis  of  Arthure  Poole, 
beginninge  the  xxv^^  dale  of  June,  1568,  and  endinge  the  viij**»  daie  of  October, 
being  xv  wekes,  at  xiij"  iiij**  the  weke,  x" ;  for  one  keper,  at  v"  the  weke,  iij**  xv* : 
for  fewell  and  candell,  at  iiij*  the  weke,  iii"  .  .  .        xvj"    xv* 

Edmond  Poole. — Item,  for  the  like  diettes  and  chargis  of  Edmonde  Pool^ 
during  all  the  sayd  tyme  and  space,  amounteth  to  the  some  of    .        xvj*'    iV 

Cornelius  de  Lannoy.— For  the  diettes  and  chargis  of  Cornelius  de 
Lannoy,  begining  thexxv***  of  June,  1568,  and  endinge  the  viij»»»  daie  of  Oc- 
tober,  being  xv  wekes,  at  xiij«  iiij*  the  weke,  x" ;  for  one  keper  at  v"  the  weke, 
W]^  xv« ;  for  fewell  and  candell,  at  iiij*  the  weke,  iij»  .        .        xrj"    xf 


Richard  Cheiqhe.— For  the  diettes  and  chargis  of  Richard  Creighe,  be- 
gininge  the  xxvii'**  daie  of  June,  1568,  and  ending  the  x***  daie  of  October, 
beinge  xv  wekes,  at  xiij'  iiij**  the  weke,  x" ;  for  feWell  and  candell,  at  iiij»  the 
weke,  iij",  amountinge  to  the  some  of xiij" 


Sum 'a 


Ixiij*    V* 


At  the  foot  remains  part  q^tlie  signature  qf  Fba[unci8  JoBSOif]. 
Indorsed,  1568.    Bill  of  Ixiif  v%  for  the  diettes  of  certen  prisoHetf  in  flM 


1 810.]  Specimens  of  the  destroyed  Exchequer  Records.  49 1 

Tower.  Fraunc'  Jobson  milit'  allocat'  Ric'  Camblcr  termino  Sc'i  Mich'is 
Arch'i  ano  x". 

Arthur  and  Edward  Poole  were  brothers,  the  nephews  of  Cardiaal  Pole,  and  some 
))articulars  of  the  conspiracy  for  which  they  suffered  imprisonment  from  the  year 
loGi  to  their  deaths,  will  be  found  in  the  Archscologia,  vol.  xiii.  j).  74. 

Tlu  ir  plot  is  said  to  have  been  the  very  confused  one  of  making  Mary  of  Scotland 
Queen  of  England,  whilst  Arthur  Pole,  the  heir  of  the  Plantagenct  line,  was  to  be 
contented  with  the  dignity  of  Duke  of  Clarence.  Among  the  carvings  left  by  captit es 
in  the  Tower  on  their  prison  walls  are  some  by  both  of  these  brothers  :  in  one  place 
the  eldest  carved  this  sentence  (apparently  in  allusion  to  his  royal  pretensions)  :  Deo* 

SERVIRE  *    PENITBNTIAM    INIRK  *  FATO  *  OBEOIRE  *    BEONARB  EST.  APoOLE.    1564. 

Ills."     In  another:*   "St)^.    %  V^B$i9%t    ^txWXw^  MOiYittlz   %   Port  PUft.' 

j^tint.  'K".  1368.   'ftrttur  pOOle,  X4St.  .^ue  37  (and  his  name  again  in  cypher).*' 

Kdmond  Poole  was  ten  years  the  janior  of  Arthur,  as  appears  by  his  inscriptions  : 

in  one  placet  "  ^tj^*  <BUt   Aemlnaiit  Silt  %acbdmt^  in  <Si;u{tatione  inrte't. 

«e.  21.  ^.  pQOle,  «•.  1562.»»  Again,  t  **  Preirfe'tia  (afleurdelit)  §txti.  €br 
mound  Poolr,  f  utura  •  ;feprro.  %^.  27,  ^.  p.  SC«.  1668."  And  a  third  time, 
*'  EdMONdE  PooLE."  Both  brothers  died  in  the  Tower,  for  in  the  chapel  register 
arc  these  entries,  we  suppose  without  dates,  **  between  the  years  1565  and  1578.''§ 

**  Mr.  Arthur  Poole  buried  in  the  cbappeU.'* 

*'  Mr.  Arthur  Poole's  brother  buried  in  the  chappell." 

The  next  documeDt  we  have  to  offer  as  Rabington's  conspiracy  and  the  trial 

is  one,  which,  though  authenticated  by  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots.     It  is  in  a 

the   signature  of  Lord  Burgbley,  re-  mutilated  state,  but  the  greater  part 

latcs  to  events  so  utterly  unknown  to  of  the  deficiencies  may  be  readily  con- 

the  officers  of  her  Majesty's  Exchequer  jectored  t— > 

xxv°  die  Octobris  Anno  Regni  D'ne  n're  Elizabeth  R"«  &c.  xxix"». 

Allowed  unto  John  Puckering,  one  of  her  Maiestes  sergiauntes  at  the 
Lawe,  by  wave  of  Rewarde  for  his  travell  out  of  the  countrie  and  attendaance 
from  the  viij^^  of  August  untill  the  ix*^  of  October  Anno  D'ni  1586,  andforhya 
paynes  in  and  aboute  thexaminac'ons  indictmentes  and  trialls  of  Ballard,  Ba- 
bington,  and  the  reste  of  that  Conspiracye. 

And  for  his  travell  chardges  and  paynes  taken  in  the  matter  of  the  Queene 
of  Scottes  at  Fotheringhay. 

And  for  his  attendaunce  travell  and  paynes  taken  in  the  Draught  of  the 
Com'ission  and  sentence  and  in  other  the  proceeding  against  the  same  Q.  of 
Scottes  in  the  vacac'on  and  tearme. 

To  the  above  no  ntnuare  qfixed;  but  in  another  hand  ii  added  thi/oltowing,  fioip 
par  til/  torn  away  by  the  dutrQyere  :•— 

xxvij"°  Octobr.  1587. 

Allow  and  pay  unto  the  said  M'  Serge  [ante]  Puckering  in  full  8atisfact[ion  of] 
the  said  charges  and  expences  [the]  some  of  one  hundreth  markes. 

To  Mr  Ro.  Pe[tre  one  of  the]  foare  tellors  of  [the  Exchequer]  and  to  every 
of  them. 

{signed)  W.  Buroblbt. 

*  Engraved  in  Archsologis,  vol.  ziii.  pi.  v.  and  Bsyley's  History  ot  the  Toweri 
pi.  xviii. 

t  Mr.  Brand  (Archaologia)  did  not  eonneet  the  two  parts  of  this  inseriptioB  to* 
gether.  In  Mr.  Bayley*s  work,  plate  xviii.  it  is  engraved  complete  ;  but  it  is  extra- 
ordinary that  that  author  did  not  recognise  the  weU-known  text  of  Psalm  cxxtL  6. 
lie  has  printed  it,  "  Dio  eemin  .  .  in  lachrimie  in  exultatione  meter. *^  And  translated 
it,  "  God  sowcth  in  tears  to  reap  in  joy.*'  I  !  I     (Hist,  of  the  Tower,  p.  161.) 

t  Of  this  third  inscription  (as  of  the  last)  the  name  and  date  only  are  engraved  In 
Archeologia,  pi.  li,  and  copied  in  Bayley*8  work.  It  is  now  published  complete  for 
the  first  time.    J.  G.  N. 

§  ArehKol.  aiii.  77. 


492 


Specimens  of  the  destroyed  Exchequer  Records, 


[May, 


At  thefooit  in  Mr.  Petrels  handf — 

Mr.  StoDley,  I  pray  you  make  payment  of  this  some.  Robert  Pxtrb. 

Indorsed.     1587,  Warrant  for  Mr.  Serieant  Puckeringe.     §  Ixvj"  xiij*  iiij*. 
Sol'  p.  Stonley,  et  alio'  in  Termio  Mich'is  1587  Annoq'  xxix"«  R»«  Eliz'finieo'. 


The  VaUxNtguarde  250 


The  Aunswere 

100 

The  Tremuntanb 

.70 

The  Charles 

.50 

The  Moone 

.45 

The  Advise 

.45 

menn 

560 

[£.    8.  d.} 
^1722.00.00 


The  Quittance        100 


The  charge  of  a  Paye  to  he  made  to  all  her  Ma^'  shippes  servinge  on  the 
Narrowe  seas  for  iiij"'  monethes  and  xj.  dales  Begunnc  the  firste  of  Maye 
1595,  and  ended  the  laste  of  Auguste  next  following :  Viz. 

fFoT  the  Sea  wages  of  560  menne' 
'  serving  her  Ma"*  on  the  Narrowe 
seas  under  the  charge  of  S'  Henrie 
Palmer  knighte,  by  the  space  of 
iiij*''  monethes  xj  dales     Begunne 
^  the  first  of  Maye  1595  and  ended 
the  laste  of  Auguste  nexte  follow- 
inge  (bothc  dayes    included)    at 
xiiij"  every  manne  p.  Mens.  w'*» 
is  for  every  man  ilj"  xviij**    And 
.amountes  to  the  some  of  J 

rFor  the  Sea  wages  of  100  menne* 
servinge  her  Ma*^  as  aforesaide  by 
the  space   of   iiij"'  monethes   xj 
dayes,  begunne  the  xxvj*''  of  Aprill 
^  1595  and  ended  the  daye  above-  ^320.00.00 
saide,  after  the  lyke  rate  of  xiiij' 
every  raann  p.  mens,  w*^  is   for 
every  manne  iij"  iiij'  and  am*'  to  i 
^the  some  of  .  .  J 

"For  the  Sea  wages  of  60  menne" 
servinge  her  Ma^  in  the  Teigar 
and  the  Sonne  guarding  the  ryvers 
of  Theames   and   Medewaye    at 
Gravesend  and  Sha'pnesse  by  lyke  ^]84.  00. 00 
tyme  of  iiij'*'  monethes  xj  dayes 
begune  and  ended  as  abovesaide, 
and  after  the  lyke  rate,  the  sOme  i 
.of  ...  J 

"For  the  Seawages  of  70  menne 
servinge  her  Ma*'*  in  her  highenes 
saide  shippe  by  the  space  of  iij* 
monethes  begune  the  firste  of 
Maye  1595  and  ended  the  xxiij"* 
of  Julye  next  followinge,  bcinge 
then  appoynted  to  be  discharged, 
after  the  lyke  rate,  w***  is  for  every 
manne  xlij'  and  Amountes  in  the 
whole  to  the  some  of 


The  Tieoar 
The  Sonne 


40 
20 


i 


The  Scowtb 


70  ^ 


M47.  itam) 


Seastore 


LosiE  of  Boates^  &c. 


^  For  a  Supplye  of  Sea  store  to  all 
y  her  Ma*«'  shippes  serving  on  the 
(  narrowe  seas  the  some  of  (torn) 

rFor  the  losse  and  spoile  of  Boates 
I  and  Pynnaccs  by  reason  of  fowle 
I  and   stormye    weather  since  the 
J  firste  [of]   Maye  laste,  and    for 
trymmynge    of    sondry    shippes 
bo[ates]  in  divers  places  aloogest 
the  sea  coast  the  e^me  of  (torn) 


1 840.]  Specimens  of  the  destroyed  Excheqner  Records.  493 

^For  the  charge  of  a  Jeorney  to  the 

Narrow  [Seas  with]  her    Ma**' 

Treasure  to  make  the  saide  Paye, 

A  Jeorney  to  Dover  <  and    [the  carriage]  of  the  same 

from  London  to  Dover,  or   ells- 
where  [alongest  the]  coaste  where 
.the  shippes  shalbe,  the  some  of    {torn) 
The  lower  part  of  the  page  it  quite  torn  away. 

Indorsed,  Thoffice  of  the  Shippes.  The  charge  of  a  paye  to  all  her  Ma**" 
shippes  servinge  on  the  Narrowe  Seas,  to  ende  the  31  Auguste  1595,  2540*^ — 03*. 
— 04''.     And  then,  in  Lord  Burghley's  autograph,  an  order  to  pay  this, 

W.  BURGHLEY. 


Mensis  Maij  anno  Regis  Jacoby  Decimo  Octavo  1620. 

Thomas  Cooke  one  of  the  gromcs  of  the  Prince  his  Chamber  beinge  sent  in  his 
llighncs  service  by  the  com'and  of  M'  Peter  Newton,  Gentellman  Usher  Daily 
Waiter  to  the  Prince  his  Highncs,  of  one  messag  from  the  Court  at  Grenwicn 
to  Whitebaell  for  his  Highnes  bowes  &  arrowes,  w*^  service  being  Don  he 
Returned  to  the  Court  a  foer  said  w***  answer,  allso  beinge  sent  a  nother  time  by 
the  lick  com'and  from  Whithalle  to  the  Banckside  to  warn  the  M'  of  his 
Highnes  Barge  to  a  tend  at  Lambeth  that  daye  w***  one  barge,  w*^  service 
beinge  Don  he  Retorned  to  the  Court  a  foer  said  w*^  answer,  for  w'^  services 
he  i)raieth  to  have  a  lowance  for  his  boot  hier  and  chargis  to  &  fro  for  both 
messages  to  be  Rated  by  the  honerable  S'  Robart  Cary,  Knight,  Chamberlin  to 
the  Prince  his  Highnes,  &  to  be  paid  by  the  Right  worshipfull  S'  Addam 
Newton,  Knight  Baronet,  Recevor  Generall  of  his  Highnes  Tresur.      '    viij*. 

(signed)  Ro  :  Gary. 
This  casual  memorial  of  the  youthful  amusements  of  King  Charles  the  First  (at 
this  time  twenty  years  of  age)  is  written  in  a  plain  hand,  the  penmanship  being  su- 
pcrior  to  the  orthography.  It  was  probably  drawn  by  some  "  clerk  of  the  cheque,*' 
or  official  scrivener  attached  to  the  Prince's  Household;  and  the  amount  of  rewwd 
allowed  was  apparently  added  by  Sir  Robert  Cary  (afterwards  Earl  of  Monmouth) 
when  he  signed  the  bill. 

Again,  among  the  documents  "  re-  to  1675."     Our  present  specimen  is 

served"  (see  p.   414)  are  returns  of  not  from  those  "  reserved, "  hot  from 

the  "  Number  cf  Persons  touched  for  the     other    documents    which    were 

the  King's  Kvil,  and  Medals  delivered  "carefully  examined  and  mutilated" 

to  the  same.     Signed  by  the  Clerk  of  (sec  p.  413),  and  its  date  is  a  little 

the  Closet.     Various  dates,  from  1669  earlier  : — 

The  Right  hon^'*  the  Lords  Com'iss"  of  the  Treasury,  having  required  from 
time  tu  time  an  Account  of  the  numbers  touched  by  his  most  sacred  Ma**^ 
for  the  Kvill,  and  ordered  that  it  be  delivered  into  the  Excheq'  These  arc  to 
certifie  That  upon  Friday  the  sixth  day  of  March  1667  there  were  touch't  One 
hundred  Thirty  and  Three  Persons,  and  so  many  healing  Medalls  given. 

(signed)     Walt  :  Oxon 

Gierke  of  y  Closett. 
Indorsed,  Healing  Medalls  J.  Knioiit,  scrjeant  Chyrurgion. 

6th  March  1667. 

The  first  signature  is  that  of  Dr.  Walter  Blandford,  Bishop  of  Oxford,  and  after- 
wards Bishop  of  Worcester. 


To  the  right  Hono^**  Thomas  Earle  of  Southampton,  Lord  High  Treasurer 
of  England. 

The  humble  Petic'on  of  Edward  Cocker, 

SiiEWETii,  That,  about  six  months  since.  His  Ma'^  was  gratiously  pleased 
to  accept  of  yo'  Petic'on**  writing,  and  to  grant  him  a  Privy  Seale  for  150'  to 
encourage  his  further  Progress  in  the  Arts  of  Writing  and  Engraving,  which 
he  was  never  taught. 


494 


Specimem  of  the  destroyed  Exchequer  Records, 


Otay, 


And  your  Ilono"  Pclic'oncr,  by  reason  of  extrcame  want  and  necessity, 
being  hlndred  of  performing  such  Workcs  as  he  humbly  conceives  would  be  to 
the  honour  of  the  King  and  the  good  of  his  Ma**"  Kingdomes. 

Yo'  llono''  I'ctic'oner  doth  therefore  humbly  beseech  your  Hono'  to  order 
his  immediate  receipt  of  the  said  1 50^  whereby  he  may  be  enabled  to  proceed 
in  the  aforesaid  curious  Arts,  and  releevc  his  present  necessities. 

And  the  Petic'oner  shall  ever  pray,  &c. 

The  date  of  this  Petition  mubt  be  placed  between  Sept.  B,  1660,  when  the  Earl  of 
Southampton  wai  appointed  Lord  High  Treasurer,  and  May,  1667,  the  time  of  his 
death.  According  to  Alex.  Chalmers,  the  best  account  of  Cocker  is  to  be  found  in 
Massey's  "  Origin  and  Progress  of  Letters,''  and  some  further  particulars  were  com- 
municated by  Mr.  Halliwell  to  our  Magazine  for  May  1839,  p.  496.  This  renowned 
calligrapher,  who  appears  to  have  valued  himself  more  highly  on  his  Writing  than 
his  Arithmetic,  not  prescient  of  the  verdict  of  (the  bookseUers  of)  posterity,  died  in 
1677,  and  was  buried  in  St  George's,  Southward.  Mr.  HaUiwell,  in  his  letter,  has 
quoted  Manning's  History  of  Surrey,  as  stating  ''that  the  tombstone  of  Cocker  was 
then  [by  which  must  be  understood  the  time  of  Manning's  writing]  in  St.  Gteorge'a 
church  ;  "  but  it  does  not  appear  there  was  ever  any  inscribed  stone;  on  the  con- 
trary, it  is  stated  there  was  none.  The  words  in  the  History  of  Surrey  are,  "  In  the 
passage  ....  are  the  remains," — an  expression  by  no  means  dear,  and  the  authority 
for  which  should  have  been  given.  We  have  traced  it  out,  and  now  preaent  it  to 
Mr.  Halliwell :  "  In  the  Passage  at  the  W.  end  within  the  Church,  near  the  School, 
was  buried  (as  I  am  told  by  the  Sexton)  the  famous  Mr.  Edward  Cocker,  a  Person 
well  skilled  in  all  the  parts  of  Arithmetick,  as  appears  by  his  Books,  and  the  late  in- 
genious Mr.  John  Collini,  F.R.S.  his  testimony  of  one  of  them.  He  was  alto  the 
most  eminent  Composer  and  Engraver  of  Letters,  Knots,  and  Flourishes  in  his  time.'* 
Edw.  Hatton's  New  View  of  London,  1708,  p.  347  ;  where  see  further  what  it  laid  of 
Mr.  John  Hawkine,  author  of  Clavia  Comercii. 

Even  the  following  affidavit,  though  deathbed — our  readers  will  recollect 
it  may  detail  no  new  fact,  is  not  how  memorable  a  deathbed,  of  the 
without  interest  as  connected  with  the     once  gay  and  witty  Earl  of  Rochester : 

Sarah  Blancourt,  late  servant  of  John  Earle  of  Rochester  deceased,  maketh 
oath  that  shee  this  Deponent  did  see  &  was  p'sent  att  the  death  of  the  said 
John  Earle  of  Rochester,  who  departed  this  life  on  the  Twenty- sixth  dsy  of 
July  last  past,  about  Two  of  the  Clock  in  the  morning  of  the  same  day. 

(Signed)  Sarah  Blanooukt. 

Jurat'  Nono  die  Novembris,  Anno  D'ni  1680,  cor' 

(Signed)  W.  Mounta»v. 
Indoned,  Cert,  of  the  Earle  of  Rochester's  death.    Obijt  26  July,  80. 


Our  extracts  will  conclude  with 
another  memorial  of  an  eminent  au- 
thor, recording  a  Free  Gift  bestowed 
by  King  George  the  First  on  Sir  Rich- 
ard Steele.  It  was  formerly  the  prac- 
tice of  the  Crown  to  confer  such 
favours  at  pleasure,  without  creating  an 
annual  pension.  Lists  of  the  Free  Gifts 


during  the  greater  part  of  the  reign  of 
King  James  the  First,  were  publuhed 
in  "Truth  brought  to  Light  by  Time," 
and  they  have  been  reprinted,  with 
biographical  notes,  under  the  respec- 
tive years,  in  Nichols's  "  Progresses, 
&c.  of  King  James  the  First."  When 
they  ceased  we  are  not  aware. 


Richard  Stbel,  Esqr. 
Order  is  taken  this  x***  day  of  Jan%  17] 4,  By  virtue  of  his  Ma**  Gen"*  Lr'es 
of  privy  Scale,  bearing  date  the  29*^  Sept',  1714,  And  in  pursuance  of  a 
Warrant  under  his  Ma"  Royall  Signe  Manual  dated  the  6*^  instant.  That 
>ou  deliver  and  pay  of  Such  his  Ma*»  Treasure  as  remaines  in  your  charge 
unto  Richard  Steel,  Esq.  or  to  his  Assignes,  the  sume  of  Five  Handfed 
pounds,  without  account,  as  of  his  Ma*y'  free  Guift  and  Royall  Bounty,  and 
these,  together  with  his  or  his  Assignes  Acquittance,  Shall  be  your  '"*  ' 
herein. 


1840.] 


Sak  by  Auction  of  the  Exchequer  Recorde. 


495 


[The  iiffnaturet  of  the  Lords  qf  the  Treatury  signing  thii  order  have  been 
broken  off.] 

Receipt  indorsed,  12  Jan'y,  1714,  Received  the  full  contents  of  this  order, 
per  Die,  Richard  Steele. 

Witness,  J.  Fox,  H.  Collet. 

In  illustration  of  this  docmnent  it  may  be  remarked  that  its  date  is  that  of  the 
height  of  Sir  Richard  Steele's  success  as  a  political  writer,  as  will  be  seen  by  refer- 
ence to  the  Biographia  Britannica.  King  George  (whose  accession  was  on  the  Ist 
of  August  preceding)  had  already  rewarded  him  with  the  place  of  Surreyor  to  the 
Royal  Stables  at  Hampton  Court,  and  a  license  for  being  Chief  Manager  of  the  Royal 
Company  of  Comedians.  This  license  bore  date  Oct.  18,  and  on  the  19th  Jan.  fol- 
lowing (a  few  days  only  after  the  date  of  the  present  grant,)  Mr.  Steele  exchanged  it 
for  a  patent  appointing  him  Goyemor  of  the  same  Company  during  his  life,  and  to  his 
executors,  administrators,  and  assigns,  for  the  space  of  three  years  afterwards.  The 
biographer  also  proceeds  to  mention  that  in  August  1715  he  received  five  hundred 
pounds  from  Sir  Robert  Walpole  for  special  services.  The  authority  quoted  for 
this  fact  is  the  Report  of  a  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons,  so  long 
after  as  1741  and  1742,  where,  "In  a  table  of  monies  expended  by  Sir  Robert  Wal- 
pole, among  other  articles,  there  is  one  for  special  services,  in  which  is  the  following 
article  ;  Aug.  27,  1715,  500/.  to  Leonard  Welstead,  Esq,  But  this  gentleman  some 
years  declared,  that  he  received  the  money  for  Sir  Richard  Steele,  and  paid  it  to  him. 
(C  ommunicated  by  Mr.  Walthoe,  Alderman  of  St.  Alban*s.)"  Whether  Sir  Richard 
received  two  sums  of  500/.,  one  in  Jan.  1714-15  and  another  in  Aug.  following,  and  with 
what  other  grants  or  pensions  he  and  the  other  political  writers  of  the  day  were,  from 
time  to  time,  rewarded  by  Sir  Robert  Walpole,  it  would  have  gratified  the  inquirers 
into  biographical  and  literary  history  to  have  ascertained :  but  under  present  circum- 
stances we  must  be  contented  to  gather  up  merely  the  crumbs  which  have  fallen  on  the 
way  to  the  pig-stye. 


We  may  here  mention  that  the  two 
papers  relating  to  Cocker  and  Sir 
Richard  Steele  were  rescued  from  the 
general  destruction  by  a  gentleman, 
who,  with  the  view  of  increasing  his 
collection  of  Autographs,  has  been  at 
the  trouble  of  looking  over  a  very 
lar^e  mass  of  the  mutilated  papers, 
from  which  he  tells  us  he  has  "se- 
lected upwards  of  one  hundred  and 
fifty  pounds  weight  of  paper,  each 
sheet  or  scrap  of  which  contained 
much  curious  and  interesting  matter, 
or  the  autograph  signature  of  some 
eminent  person."  A  "Literary  Hu- 
mane Society  "  ought  to  be  founded 
for  the  occasion,  in  order  to  reward 
such  meritorious  services  with  a  first- 
class  gold  medal ;  but,  until  this  be 
done,  we  can  only  oflfer  him  and 
the  two  other  friends  to  whom  we 
have  been  indebted  for  the  preceding 
papers,  our  best  thanks,  on  the  part 
of  every  historian  and  biographer  pre- 
sent and  to  come. 

Hcforc  we  conclude,  we  must  record 
that  a  whole  day's  sale  of  these  "  care- 
fully mutilated"  papers  took  place  in 
the  auction-room  of  Mr.  S.  Leigh 
Sotheby  on  the  1 1th  of  April.  They 
chiefly  consisted  of  Treasury  warrants 
and  receipts,  which  were  curious  only 
from  their  signatures ;  but  such  papers 


as  these  were  sold  at  prices  ranging 
from  two  to  ten  shillings  apiece.  We 
will  specify  a  few  of  the  more  impor- 
tant lots : — 

9.  Three  documents  of  the  expenses  of 
William  Davison,  Esq.  her  Majesty's 
Agent  in  the  Low  Countries,  in  1577. 
Sold  for  W.  If. 

27.  An  order  signed  by  ten  members  of 
the  Privy  Conncil  for  repayment  to  the 
Earl  of  Hertford,  Lieutenant  of  Somerset, 
the  sum  due  to  the  County  for  levying  and 
clothing  troops,  3  Nov.  1616.    3/.  15f. 

28.  A  similar  order  of  Cmmcil  for  re- 
paying to  Edm.  Nicholson  his  disburse- 
ments in  levying  and  clothing  troops  em- 
barked at  Bristol  for  Ireland ;  dated  28 
Feb.  1601.     1/.  If. 

32.  A  warrant  signed  by  fifteen  Privy 
Councillors  for  the  payment  of  3000/.  to 
Sir  John  Fortescne,  late  Master  of  the 
Wardrobe,  *'  for  things  neeeisarie  for  the 
Coronation  *'  of  James  I,  \  dated  1  Mar. 
1G03.     91. 6f. 

43.  Five  docnments  relating  to  Theo- 
bald's Park,  1617,  1622,  and  1634.  2/.2t. 

48.  The  charges  for  the  entertainment 
of  Sir  Peter  Paul  Rubens,  22  Feb.  1626 ; 
and  an  order  for  300/.  expended  in  enter- 
taining the  Spanish  ambassadors,  &c. 
1630.     1/.  16f. 

55.  The  Book  of  Reparations  of  the 
Csstks  of  Montorgttell  and  Elisabeth  in 
Jersey^  signed  by  Bishop  Jaxon;  1637* 
\h9s. 


496 


Lines  to  Eton,  by  the  Marquess  Wellesley. 


IMay, 


69.  Order  of  Council,  with  the  order  of 
President  Bradshawe,  1659;  and  another. 
Ms. 

73.  Account  of  the  Reparations  of  the 
Cockpit  Lodgings,  for  the  Duke  of  Albe- 
marle, Keeper  of  St.  James's  Park, 
16^2-3  ;  and  two  others.     W.  2«. 

82.  An  assiicnment  of  monies  to  Robert 
Ryves,  by  *♦  Wiliam  Penn,"  the  Foun- 
der of  Pennsylvania,  1671.  W.  16«. 

93.  An  authority  by  James  Duke  of 
Monmouth  and  Buccleuch,  Master  of  the 
Horse,  authorising  Francis  Watson  his 
attorney,  to  receive  two  sums  of  8000/. 
and  2000/.  granted  to  the  Duke  by  the 
King,  1676.  2/.  2*. 


96.  A  warrant  to  issue  Tallys  under  the 
Great  Seal  for  paying  the  yearly  rent  of 
25003/.  9».  Ad.  to  Sir  Robt.  Viner,  Knt. 
and  Bart,  allowed  under  the  Act  for  taking 
away  the  Court  of  Wards,  1677.    12t. 

112.  A  receipt  of  Elionora  Gwynn,  for 
500/.  towards  the  support  of  herself  and 
Charles  Duke  of  St.  Alban*s,  for  one 
quarter  ended  at  Christmas,  1688.    l/.3#. 

1 42.  An  Exchequer  acquittance  for  mo- 
nies received  for  the  Mint,  1718,  with  the 
signature  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton.     1/.  It. 

171 .  A  bull  of  Leo  X  ,  I5I7,  with  the 
autograph  of  his  Secretary,  Cardinal 
Bembo  ;  and  a  bull  of  Adrian  VL,  1522, 
addressed  to  Henry  VIII. 


POETRY. 


LINES  TO  ETON. 
By  the  Marqubss  Wblleslxy. 

ME,  when  thy  shade,  and  Thames's  meads  and  flowers 

Invite  to  soothe  the  cares  of  waning  age. 
My  Memory  bring  to  me  my  long  past  hours. 

To  calm  my  soul,  and  troubled  thoughts  assuage  ! 
Come,  parent  Eton  1  turn  the  stream  of  time 

Back  to  thy  sacred  fountain  crowned  with  bays  ! 
Recall  my  brightest,  sweetest  days  of  prime  1 

When  all  was  hope,  and  triumph,  joy,  and  praise. 
Guided  by  thee  I  raised  my  youthful  sight 

To  the  steep  solid  heights  of  lasting  fame. 
And  hailed  the  beams  of  clear  ethereal  light. 

That  brighten  round  the  Greek  and  Roman  name. 
Oh  blest  instruction !  friend  to  generous  youth. 

Source  of  all  good  1  you  taught  me  to  entwine 
The  Muse's  laurel  with  eternal  truth. 

And  wake  the  lyre  to  strains  of  faith  divine. 
Firm,  incorrupt,  as  in  life's  dawning  morn. 

Nor  sway'd  by  novelty,  nor  public  breath ; 
Teach  me,  false  censure  and  false  shame  to  scorn. 

And  guide  my  steps  through  honour's  paths  to  death. 
And  thou  Time-honoured  fabric,  stand  I  a  tower 

Impregnable,  a  bulwark  of  the  state  t 
Untouched  by  visionary  folly's  power. 

Above  the  vain,  and  ignorant,  and  great. 
The  mighty  race  with  cultur'd  minds  adorn. 

And  Piety,  and  Faith ;  congenial  pair  1 
And  spread  thy  gifts  through  Ages  yet  unborn. 

Thy  country's  pride,  and  Heaven's  pare&tal  ciit. 
6 


W. 


497 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


The  New  General  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary, projected  and  partly  or- 
rnnged  by  the  late  Rev.  Hugh  J. 
Rose,  B.D.:  Edited  by  the  Rev. 
Ilenrv  J.  Rose,  B.D.  8vo.  1839—40. 
Parts  L^ir.  being  Vol,  L 
[Reviewed  by  a  CorrespoDclent.] 

IT  cannot  fail  to  be  a  source  of  gra- 
tification to  every  lover  of  sound 
literature,  notwithstanding  the  great 
and  prevailing  taste  for  vulgar  fic- 
tion which  forms  the  disgraceful  cha- 
racteristic of  the  present  age, — to  per- 
ceive in  the  reading  world  a  growing 
fondness  for  biographical  composi- 
tions. When  Chaucer,  Spenser,  Shak- 
speare,  Milton,  died,  their  contem- 
poraries did  not  care  to  inform  us 
even  of  the  leading  features  of  their 
lives ;  but  now,  where  is  the  little 
great  man  who  quits  the  scene  without 
a  memoir  ?  Even  Grimaldi's  memory 
is  embalmed  in  two  thick  8vo.  vo- 
lumes ;  and  we  look  forward  (not 
without  alarm)  to  the  day  when  the 
very  scene- shifters  of  the  theatre  will 
find  appropriate  chroniclers.  Mean- 
time, of  the  great  of  modern  days,  it 
may  be  safely  declared  that  a  lifetime 
would  be  insufficient  for  the  perusal 
of  their  several  biographies.  The 
two  solid  quarto  volumes,  it  is  true, 
have  disappeared,  but  they  have  left 
behind  a  more  numerous  progeny  ;  so 
that  it  has  become  an  act  of  injus- 
tice to  transmit  the  memory  of  an  es- 
teemed wiiter  to  posterity  in  less 
than  six  closely  printed  octavo  volumes, 
luxuriously  bound,  and  still  more 
luxuriously  embellished. 

That  a  Dictionary  of  General  Bio- 
graphy should  have  been  projected, 
while  the  public  showed  itself  so  ripe 
for  Biography  in  particular,  is  but 
natural ;  and  we  have  accordingly 
seen  two  such  schemes  announced. 
Little  can  be  said  concerning  that 
which  Mr.  Murray,  in  conjunction 
with  "  our  brothers  in  the  Row,"  has 
in  contemplation ;  since  nothing  be- 
yond an  advertisement  has  hitherto 
appeared.     Concerniog  tht  other  Dic- 

GiMT.  Mao.  Vol.  XUI. 


tionary,  "projected  and  partly  ar- 
ranged by  the  Rev.  Hugh  James  Rose, 
and  conducted  by  the  Rev.  Henry 
John  Rose,"  his  brother,  we  propose 
saying  a  few  words.  But  before  doing 
so,  it  may  not  be  improper  to  oflfer 
some  preliminary  suggestions  concern- 
ing the  nature  and  true  objects  of  a 
Biographical  Dictionary. 

Now,  it  is  not  difficult  to  sketch  out 
to  one's  self  the  outline  of  a  scheme, 
which  seems  calculated  to  ensure  the 
production  of  an  almost  perfect 
Dictionary ;  and  we  have  sometimes 
indulged  ourselves  with  the  idea 
that  the  time  has  arrived  when  such 
a  seeming  desideratum  might  be  ob- 
tained. The  continental  lives,  we 
have  thought,  should  be  contributed 
by  continental  literati, — translated, 
and  incorporated  into  the  great  mass 
of  lives  which  the  annals  of  our  own 
country  and  the  records  of  anti« 
quity  would  supply.  Of  British  wor- 
thies, not  one,  of  course,  should  be 
suffered  to  escape.  Contributors  on 
the  several  subjects  of  divinity,  sci- 
ence, the  fine  arts,  letters,  arms,  law, 
and  physic  might  be  instructed  to 
omit  from  their  catalogues  no  name 
on  which  fame  had  smiled  ever  so 
faintly.  The  memorable  brave  who 
fell  in  any  action ;  the  divine  who  had 
published  a  single  sermon ;  the  lite- 
rary man  who  had  been  guilty  of  a 
single  book  ;  the  poet  who  had  perpe- 
trated a  solitary  copy  of  verses,  and 
those  signed  with  his  initials  alone ; 
the  lawyer  who  had  pressed  the 
bench  at  any  period,  however  remote; 
the  author  of  a  single  discovery; 
all  these,  we  have  sometimes  thought, 
should  be  recorded.  Nay,  in  so  hoge 
a  temple  of  Fame,  even  local  wor- 
thies might  find  a  niche.  To  have 
been  painted  by  Vandyck  or  Sir 
Joshua  might  perhaps  be  considered 
to  constitute  a  sufficient  pretext  for 
admission.  While  it  must  be  super- 
fluous to  add,  that,  of  the  truly  great, 
the  lives  should  be  original  compila- 
tions— at  once  critical  and  copious. 

3S 


498         Review. — The  New  General  Biographical  Dictionary,     [May, 


A  little  reflection,  however,  will 
suffice  to  expose  the  impracticability 
of  such  a  scheme  as  we  have  been 
sketching  in  outline.  The  mere  me- 
chanical obstacles  which  present  them- 
selves at  the  very  outset,  would  be  al- 
most insurmountable.  The  vigilance 
which  suffices  for  the  control  of  a  small 
platoon  of  contributors,  would  prove 
wholly  ineffectual  when  a  large  host 
of  writers  called  for  its  inspections  ; 
and  we  can  conceive  that  about  the 
same  unity  of  purpose  would  ulti- 
mately result  from  their  united  efforts, 
as  would  be  manifested  in  an  edifice 
of  which  the  stones  came  from  Egypt, 
the  sculptures  from  Greece,  and  the 
bricks  from  Babylon. 

We  are  content,  however,  to  aban- 
don this  view  of  the  question ;  and 
feel  rather  inclined  to  take  up  higher 
ground.  Let  it  be  conceded,  for 
argument's  sake,  that  such  a  work 
as  we  have  been  imagining  were  ex- 
ecuted. The  difficulties  to  be  over- 
come, numerous  and  gigantic  as  they 
are,  do  not  amount  to  actual  impossi- 
bilities.  By  dint  of  correspondence 
and  deliberation  ;  by  an  extremely  ju- 
dicious selection  of  writers,  and  the 
exercise  of  great  precaution  before  their 
labours  were  printed,  it  is  possible 
that  a  work  might  be  produced  which 
should  be  as  nearly  perfect  as  a  ne- 
cessarily imperfect  work  can  be.  But 
in  how  many  hundred  closely  printed 
volumes  would  such  a  work  be  com- 
prised ?  and  who  could  afford  to 
buy  it  ? 

A  still  more  important  inquiry  to 
be  answered  is, — who  would  use  such  a 
Biographical  Dictionary  when  he  had 
houyht  it  f  and  it  is  to  this  question 
that  we  desire  to  draw  attention.  We 
maintain  that  a  Dictionary  such  as 
we  have  been  describing  is  not  a  de- 
sideratum in  literature.  What  in 
Germany  would  be  called  a  hand-hook, 
and  what  Englishmen  should  be  con- 
tent  to  call  a  manual,  would  be  of 
ten  times  the  utility.  Universal  Bio- 
graphical Dictionaries  never  have  been, 
nor  ever  will  be  appealed  to  as  au- 
thorities ;  and  the  real  use  and  object 
of  such  compilations  cannot  be  too 
distinctly  borne  in  mind.  They  are 
useful  only  as  works  of  casual  refer' 
ence.  They  are  to  be  resorted  to  only 
for  general  information,  or  as  a  pre- 
liminary step  to   more    minute    in- 


quiry. They  supply  the  leading  oat- 
lines  ;  and  do  more  than  is  reqaired  of 
them,  when  they  enter  into  minate 
particulars.  The  date  of  a  man's  birth 
and  death,  (and  still  more  frequently 
only  the  approximate  period  of  either,) 
together  with  his  profession  or  calling; 
a  general  notion  of  what  he  was  par- 
ticularly famous  for,  and  a  hint  at 
the  sources  where  more  information 
is  to  met  with : — this  is  all  we  seek 
in  a  Biographical  Dictionary.  A  mo- 
nograph of  every  individual  would 
not  only  be  impossible,  bat  it  is  not 
desired;  and  why?  simply  because 
<(f  every  individual  which  that  Die^ 
iionary  comwiemorates,  a  better  accmad 
may  in  ninety-nine  cases  out  of  a  k»m» 
dred,  be  easily  found  elsewhere. 

Little  need  be  said  to  coofioce  an 
unprejudiced  reader  of  the  jostica  of 
these  remarks.    Who  that  desires  co- 
pious and  accurate  infonoatioii  con- 
cerning Lord  Bacoo,  would  rest  till 
he  had  consulted  Basil  Montagu  i  or 
of  Johnson,  till  he  had  read  BloaweU, 
— aye,  and  Croker's  Boswell  too  ?  or 
of  Goldsmith,  till  he   had  ponesaed 
himself  of  Prior's  Volumes  ?  For  letter 
worthies,  who  does  not  know  where 
to  look  with  more  hope  of  tatitfactory 
information  than  in    the  paget  of  a 
Biographical  Dictionary?    When  m 
have  obtained  from   this  tonrre  the 
fact  that  auch  an  one  was  a  Pope  or  a 
Cardinal,  who  that  lovet  Biography 
knows  not  that  the  laboriout  work  of 
Ciaconius  is  almost  sure   to  supply 
more  satisfactory  information  than  it 
to  be  met  with  elsewhere?  Was  a  man 
remarkable  at  Oxford  ?    He  is  to  be 
found  in  Wood's  Athene.    Is  it  a  re- 
cent  virtuoso,  concerning  whom  we 
desire  to  know  something,— such  sen 
as  Lodge    and    Douce,  (tfaoa|^  the 
natnes  go  ill  together,) —the  obituaries 
which  are   monthly  and  yearly  put 
forth,  are  sure  to  be  more  satisfactory. 
Collections    of  Lives  of  any    parti- 
cular   set    of    men  —  churchmen-— 
statesmen — ^poets — painters;  lires  of 
the  worthies  of  any  particolar  county; 
the  biographical  notices  which  so  often 
precede  a  certain  class  of  works,  an- 
cient and  modern ;  such  writers  m 
Lloyd  and  Fuller ;  these,  and  such  as 
these,  are  the  sources  to  which  we 
confidently  refer;  sources  whidi  bo 
universal  oompiiatioB  can  ev«r  super- 
sede, or  erea  compete  with. 


1840.      ]RfiyiEw. — The  Ntw  General  Biographical Didtonary.       499 


Having  premised  thus  much  of  Bio- 
graphical Dictionaries  in  general,  wc 
do  not  hesitate  to  say  of  the  specimen 
before  us,  that,  in  design,  it  approaches 
as  nearly  to  our  standard  of  useful- 
ness and  excellence  as  we  expect  to 
sec  attained  by  such  a  compilation. 
The  principal  lives  are  copious  enough 
to  be  entertaining  ;  and  yet  not  so  co- 
pious as  to  threaten  an  interminable 
work.  In  a  numerical  point  of  view, 
as  we  shall  presently  show,  the  range 
of  names  is  immense.  The  English 
lives  are,  as  they  should  be,  more  full 
than  the  continental  ones  ;  and  those 
of  the  most  conspicuous  characters 
frequently  posssss  considerable  merit : 
while  a  manly  and  religious  tone  of 
sentiment  pervades  the  whole  work. 
It  is  time,  however,  to  descend  from 
generalities  to  a  few  particulars. 

We  have  before  us  the  four  first 
parts  of  the  Dictionary  whose  title  pre- 
cedes this  notice;  and  these  four 
parts, — ending  with  a  life  of  Lord 
Anson,  complete  the  first  volume  of 
the  work.  Within  the  same  range  of 
the  alphabet,  Chalmers  celebrates 
about  750  names  ;  Rose's  work  com- 
prises memoirs  of  at  least  1900.  A 
vast  accession  to  our  biographical 
stores  we  were  led  to  expect ;  but  we 
anticipated  nothing  like  this,  it  may 
be  some  explanation  to  the  circum- 
stance to  point  out  that  several  new 
continental  dictionaries  have  been,  in 
the  present  work,  for  the  first  time, 
laid  under  contribution  ;  we  allude  to 
the  Zeiti^cnoHsrn,  Wolff's  Encyclopa- 
die,  and  Tipaldo's  Hiografia, — whence 
a  large  body  of  German  and  Italian 
notices  are  derived.  Concerning  the 
system  on  which  Mr.  Rose  has  pro- 
ceeded in  the  selection  of  his  names, 
wc  shall  allow  him  to  say  a  few  words 
for  himself. 

"  His  object  has  been,  in  general,  to 
exclude  all  such  names  as  are  likely  to 
prove  of  so  little  interest  as  seldom  to  be 
referred  to.  This  is  a  limit  which  each 
man  draws  for  himself,  and  no  man  will 
cunwider  the  line  drawn  by  another  to 
form  the  exact  boundary  rcnaired.  The 
editor  belieres  that  he  has  offended  rather 
more  frequently  by  admittim^  too  many 
nameit,  than  by  the  omission  of  those 
which  ought  to  be  found  in  a  work  like 
thifl.  The  number  in  the  present  volume 
i%  far  beyond  that  found  in  any  amilar 


work,  not  excepting  the  Biograpbie  Uni. 
verselle. 

"It  will  be  seen  that  all  Scnpture 
names  are  excluded.  The  reasons  for 
such  a  course  are  so  obvious,  that  it  can 
hardly  be  necessary  to  dwell  upon  them. 
To  transcribe  the  Bible  would  be  super- 
fluous, for  it  is  hoped  that  every  cottage  in 
the  kingdom  possesses  that  book  ;  and  to 
state  more  or  less  than  the  Holy  Spirit 
has  thought  fit  to  lay  before  man  would 
only  lead  to  error.  It  is  quite  sufficient 
to  read  any  work  which  professes  to  give 
the  Bible  history  in  a  different  form,  to  be 
satisfied  on  this  point. 

*'  It  may  be  desirable  to  make  a  brief 
statement  also  concerning  the  historical 
names  found  in  this  volume.  It  appeared 
undesirable  to  fill  up  space,  which  can  ill 
be  spared,  by  information  easily  to  be 
found  in  Hume,  Gibbon,  Robertson,  or 
other  equally  common  histories,  and  in  all 
of  them  with  greater  detail  and  consecu- 
tiveness  than  can  be  attained  in  a  General 
Dictionary.  But  still,  many  reasons  ren- 
dered it  advisable  not  wholly  to  omit  such 
names.  They  have  accordingly  been  in- 
troduced, but  with  only  a  slight  outline, 
and  a  reference  to  other  histories  (e.  g, 
see  Andronicus).  In  those  countries, 
however,  whose  history  is  less  known, 
rather  more  detail  has  been  allowed. 

"  In  the  first  instance,  some  difficulties 
having  occurred  with  regard  to  the  Ori- 
ental names,  the  editor* s  attention  was 
particularly  called  to  that  department,  and 
special  arrangements  have  since  been  made, 
which  will,  he  hopes,  render  that  portion 
of  the  work  original,  authentic,  and  highly 
interesting.  He  appeals  to  the  lives  of 
Amr  Ebn  Al-as,  ^c.  in  confirmation  of 
this  assertion.  The  only  oriental  lives 
treated  of  at  any  great  length  previously, 
had  been  Ali  and  Akdar. 

"  With  regard  to  the  relative  length  of 
articles,  and  the  minuteness  of  informa« 
tion  desirable  in  these  works,  each  person 
will  form  his  own  judgment.  Every  one 
conceives  a  sort  of  ideal  model  of  what 
such  a  book  should  be;  and  this  ideal 
model  remains  quite  perfect, — till  its  au- 
thor attempts  to  put  it  into  execution," 
(Preface,  vii — ix.) 

The  manifest  superiority  of  many  of 
the  articles  in  this  dictionary  over  the 
corresponding  memoirs  in  the  Biogra- 
pbie Universelle  and  in  Chalmers,  will, 
if  the  same  excellence  be  maintained 
throughout  the  subsequent  volumes* 
set  it  immeasurably  above  both  those 
works.  We  allude  particularly  to 
such  lives  as  those  of  Aldhun,  Ai- 
DA.f ,  Alxxanoxr   of  TsALUM  and 


500       Review. — The  New  General  Biographical  Didionary,        [May, 


Alexander  of  Aphrodicia  ;  all  of 
'which  are  either  sadly  blundered,  or 
exceedingly  ill  done,  both  in  Chal- 
mers and  in  the  French  work.  The 
life  of  Sir  Thomas  Allen  is  not  only 
new,  but  curious  ;  and  there  is  a  valu- 
able notice  of  Alkindi,  an  Arabian 
physician,  of  whom  Chalmers  takes 
no  notice.  In  these  pages  we  are 
glad  to  see  many  names,  which  ob- 
tain undue  space  in  Chalmers,  con- 
fined within  reasonable  limits,— -Amo- 
rt and  Airman  for  example.  The 
latter,  a  small  Scotch  portrait  painter, 
obtains  from  his  countryman  as  much 
notice  as  if  he  had  been  a  Gainsbo- 
rough or  a  Lawrence  ;  "  his  touches," 
we  are  told,  "had  neither  the  force 

nor  the  hamhness  of  Rubens." We 

recognize  a  skilful  hand  in  not  a  few 
of  the  classical  articles, — as  Ammia- 
Nus  Marcellinus,  Alexander  Se- 
verus,  Livius  Andronicus,  and 
Alexander  the  Great.  The  scho- 
larship they  display  distinguishes  them 
from  the  vulgar  compilations,  miscall- 
ed "  classical,"  which  we  generally 
meet  with  in  dictionaries ;  while  their 
originality  and  research  render  them 
valuable  additions  to  our  biographical 
stores.... In  a  still  more  difficult 
branch, — the  Hebrew  lives, — there 
are  marks  of  a  learned  pen  :  we  appeal 
to  the  memoirs  of  Akiba  and  Anan. 
Our  limits  forbid  a  critical  comparison 
of  Rose  with  Chalmers  and  the  Biogra- 
phie  Universelle ;  but  we  recommend 
those  who  are  curious  in  the  depart- 
ment of  literature  to  which  these  lives 
belong,  to  institute  the  comparison  for 
themselves.  Rabbi  Akiba  is  unsatis- 
factorily dealt  with  in  both  the  last- 
named  works ;  and  by  Chalmers  his 
history  has  been  mistaken  and  blun- 
dered :  while  the  name  of  Anan  is 
mentioned  by  neither.  Nor  do  we  al- 
lude to  these  circumstances  in  order  to 
disparage  the  two  works  alluded  to ; 
but  rather  because  we  are  anxious  to  be- 
stow on  Mr.  Rose's  volume  the  praise 
due  to  it,  of  originality,  research,  and 
pains-taking  ;  even  in  a  department 
where  error  is  likely  to  be  little  scruti- 
nized, and  accuracy  to  be  but  rarely 
appreciated. 

Alberoni  and  Abdelmumen  among 
the  Spanish ;  Alessi  and  Ammanati 
among  the  architectural  lives,  are  en- 
titled  to  considerable  praise ;  and  it 
would  be  unjust  to  witUiold  our  dis- 


tinct commendation  on  the  laborioas 
articles  on  Abbott,  Abernbtby^  Ad- 
dison, Ambrose,  and  Anbon,  We 
cannot  afford  the  necessary  space 
which  a  critical  examination  of  these 
remarkable  names  would  require ;  bat 
it  may  be  remarked  in  passing  that  the 
professional  knowledge  they  display 
gives  the  notices  of  Alessi  and  Amma- 
nati considerable  value :  Alberoni  and 
Abernethy  are  agreeably  written,  and 
show  familiarity  with  the  subject. 
The  former  is  perhaps  too  discursively 
written ;  but  Abernethy  is  discussed 
in  extremely  good  taste.  Much  that 
is  valuable  appears  in  the  life  of  Abp. 
Abbot ;  the  length  of  which  we  are 
inclined  to  excuse  in  consideration  of 
the  curious  ecclesiastical  particulars  it 
developes,  and  the  MS.  sources  of  in- 
formation to  which  it  points.  The 
life  of  Addison  is  a  truly  valuable  mo- 
nograph of  that  gentle  philosopher; 
that  of  Ambrose  is  so  full  of  learning 
and  research,  that  a  mere  examination 
of  the  authorities  quoted  at  the  foot  of 
every  page  is  a  sufficient  commentary 
upon  the  spirit  in  which  it  has  been 
compiled ;  and  the  life  of  the  great 
circumnavigator,  Anson,  which  exhi- 
bits here  and  there  the  asperities  of  a 
professional  pen,  may  be  not  dis-ad- 
vantageously  perused,  together  with 
the  able  volumes  of  his  recent  biogra- 
pher. Sir  John  Barrow.  We  dismiss 
these  minuter  strictures  on  the  work 
before  us  with  a  particular  commen- 
dation of  the  remarks  on  the  philosophy 
of  Abelard  ;  as  well  as  certain  ob- 
servations of  a  similar  nature  in  the 
life  of  Guillaumb  db  St.  Amour, 
which  are  learnedly  and  ably  written. 
That  a  work  so  voluminous  should 
contain  blemishes,  is  to  be  expected ; 
and  the  critic  would  ill  discharge  his 
duty  if  he  bestowed  unqualified  praise 
on  the  specimen  before  him.  It  is 
much  to  be  regretted  that  the  dates 
have  been  omitted  in  some  of  the 
lives, — an  omission  which  materially 
detracts  from  their  interest  and  use- 
fulness. In  the  memoir  of  Allbn  the 
actor,  an  apocryphal  story  is  intro- 
duced, which  we  noticed  with  the 
more  displeasure,  because  it  regards 
Shakspeare  as  much  as  Allen.  There 
are  also,  here  and  there,  slips  of  the 
pen  to  be  detected;  but  there  is  a 
visable  and  progressive  improTement 
in  each  succeeding  Dumber  |  and  wt 


1840.] 


Review  —Parker's  Glossary  of  Archiieclure. 


501 


are  willing  to  believe  that  as  the  work 
advances,  these  will  be  less  and  less 
apparent.  So  vast  an  undertaking  in 
its  iirbt  stages  is  exposed  to  numerous 
practical  sources  of  error,  which  when 
the  system  of  the  work  becomes  more 
perfectly  organized,  may  be  readily 
obviated.  Far  from  important,  and 
better  deserving  of  being  brought  into 
prominent  notice,  do  we  hold  the  ge- 
neral complexion  of  the  work  to  be : 
of  this,  we  are  able  to  speak  in  the 
highest  praise  ;  and  indeed  of  this  the 
editor's  character  is  the  best  gua- 
rantee. 

We  take  leave  of  the  subject  with 
the  following  specimen  of  criticism, 
which  not  unfairly  represents  the 
texture  of  similar  portions  of  the 
work.  The  writer  is  speaking  of 
Akcnsidc's  Pleasures  of  the  Imagi* 
nation  : — 

"  It  is  rather  an  eulogy  on  mental  plea- 
^u^ci<,  than  on  pleasures  of  the  imagina- 
tion in  particular.  The  beginning  and 
the  end,— (the  eulogy  on  nature,  as  the 
expression  of  what  God  loves.) — arc  the 
most  agreeable  parts  of  it  ;  at  least  they 
are  the  simplest.  The  vision  of  Har- 
niodius,  in  the  second  book,  is  as  heavy 
as  allegory  can  make  it ;  although,  per- 
haps, not  so  dull  as  the  episode  of  Solon 
in  the  third  book  of  the  improved  poem. 
Indeed,  however  extraordinary  the  poem 
niiiv  appear,  as  the  work  of  a  yoimg  man 
of  twenty-three,  it  has  httle  to  make  it 
f^enerally  and  permanently  acceptable.  Its 
subject  precludes  its  general  popularity 
with  ordinary  people  ;  and  with  the  higher 
el.iji>  of  minds,  the  deficiency  caused  by 
confining  it»  contemplations  to  this  world 
nione  will  always  le-ivc  an  unsatisfactory 
impression.  It  is  written  in  the  conven- 
tiouHl  language  of  the  classical  school,  and 
belongs  to  the  didactic  and  descriptive 
class  of  poems.  It  will  always  maintain 
a  certain  reputation,  and  it  will  always  be 
more  praised  than  read." 

Ctlossary  of  Termt  used  in  Grecian, 
Hnmnn,  Italian,  and  (iothic  Architec- 
turr.  The  third  Edition,  with  700 
icood'Cittt,     8l'o. 

THK  improvements  which  have  been 
made  in  the  successive  editions  of  this 
very  pleasing  work,  evince  the  great 
care  which  hai  been  taken  by  tlie 
publisher  to  repay  the  extensive  patron- 
age it  has  received,  by  increasing  its 
utility  and  value.  The  present  edition 
has  been  enriched  by  variout  original 


contributions  by  many  eminent  anti- 
quaries. Mr.  Twopeny  has  supplied  the 
article  on  Domestic  Architecture ;  Mr. 
Willement  that  on  Stained  Glass ;  Mr. 
Bloxam  contributes  the  account  of 
Saxon  Architecture;  and  Mr.  Way 
has  written  copiously  on  the  subject 
of  Tiles  and  Sepulchral  Brasses.  Mr, 
Bloxam's  article  on  Saxon  Architec- 
ture relates  to  that  description  which 
is  known  by  the  quoins  of  its  masonry 
being  formed  alternately  of  long  and 
short  stones ;  it  contains,  probably, 
all  that  has  been  published  on  that 
peculiar,  though  rude,  mode  of  con* 
struction.  The  merit  of  drawing  at- 
tention to  the  style  lies  with  Mr. 
Ricktnan,  but  much  still  remains  to  be 
done  in  elucidation  of  its  peculiarities. 
Mr.  Way's  note  on  Sepulchral  Brasses 
would  form  the  ground-work  for  an 
essay  on  this  very  interesting  class  of 
antiquities.  In  allusion  to  a  very 
beautiful  class  of  Brasses,  the  existing 
specimens  of  which,  at  Lynn,  St.  Al- 
ban's,  &c.  are  enumerated  by  Mr. 
Way, — and  to  which  he  might  have 
added  another  very  little  known,  that 
of  Ralph  Kneventon,  at  Aveley 
Church,  Essex, — it  is  assumed  that 
all  the  known  specimens  are  the  work 
of  one  hand,  and  that  they  were  im- 
ported from  Flanders.  Much  of  the 
value  of  these  subjects,  as  authority 
for  costume,  would  be  lost  if  they  are 
of  foreign  workmanship;  and  when 
we  sec  only  in  the  specimens  adduced 
a  space  of  sixteen  years  occurring  in 
the  date,  we  cannot  readily  fall  iuto  the 
conclusion  that  all  arc  the  work  of  one 
hand.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that 
the  covering  of  the  whole  plate  with 
imagery,  as  in  the  Lynn  specimeni^ 
was  in  imitation  of  the  Mosaic  work 
of  the  Greeks,  and  w^e  fully  agree  with 
Mr.  Way  in  tracing  the  parentage  of 
these  curious  specimens  to  the  great 
fountain  of  art  in  the  middle  ages, 
Constantinople. 

The  latest  brass  existing  in  this 
country,  is  in  all  probability  that  of 
Archbishop  Harsnet  at  Chigwell,  1631 ; 
but  wc  learn  from  Mr.  Wajr,  that  the 
use  of  brass  memorials  is  stiU  in  prac- 
tice abroad. 

**  On  the  Continent  the  engraving  of 
sepulchral  brasses  cannot  be  considered  an 
art  deperditm,  a  noble  brass  of  full  size 
having  been  engraved  as  late  M  lt^7  at 


602        Review.— TA^  Fabric  and  Gkbe  ^  &  Mary  Aliermary.  [May, 

Cologne,  as  the  memorial    of    the  lata  were  takea  down  were  built  on   the 

Archbishop  ;  it  is  to  be  seen  in  the  mid-  glebe,  and  the  site  has  been  purchased 

die  of  the  choir  there."  by  the  Commissioners  of  Sewert  aod 

The  great    number    of  additional  Pavements,  for  the  purpose  of  widen- 

speciraens  given  in  this  edition  are  of  >»«  Watling  Street.    The  Rector,  Dr. 

the  highest  interest ;    they  have  been  Wilson,  (whose  name  is  already  well 

selected  with  care  and  judgment,  from  known  in  Antiquarian  Literature,  by 

a  multitude  of  ancient  structures  scat-  hishistory  of  Merchant-taylors'School, 

tered  over  the  country.    The  drawings  and  of  the  parish  of  St.  Laurence  Pount- 

are  in  general  of  a  very  superior  de-  ii«y*  &c.)  has  not  allowed  this  import, 

scription,  and  the  execution  of  the  wood  ant  alteration,  and  the  consequent  dis. 

engravings  is  highly  creditable  to  Mr.  closure  of  the  ancient  wall,  to  past  over 

Jewitt.  without  record,   and  has  added  this 

.  short    but  well -written  essay  to  the 

Brief  Notices  of  the  FUbrk  and  GUhe  """'^  library  of  London  Topography. 

i    c,.      ,,  ^  "«  x-"./          T    J  at  the  same  time  the  author  has  pro- 

i   fi'  /%    ^"^IT^n     T^n  •  °»i««d  ''^  the  event  of  a  second  edition 

By  the  Rev    H.  B.  Wilson,  D.D.,  y^^.^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^  .^^^^^  ^^ 

!'.:>. A.,  Hector.  ^^^^  ^^-^^^   notices,    with    additions, 

IN  consequence  of  the  removal  of  from   his    MS.   Collections,    on    the 

several    houses   which    screened   the  subject  of  his  parish, 

north  side  of  this  Church  from  obser-  Upon  the  name  of  the  church,  the 

vation,  the  external  wall  of  the  edifice  Doctor  observes,  that  it  is  known  by 

was  exposed,   and  shewed  some  re-  the  adjunct  Aldermary  or  Oldermary,  to 

mains  of  masonry  which  appeared  to  be  the  oldest  church  in  London  called 

have  belonged  to  the  old  Church.  Mr.  by  the  name  of  St.  Mary.    And  he 

Thomas  L.  Walker,  the  architect  who  adds — "  At  the  same  time  it  would  be 

was  employed  by  the  Rector  to  survey  uncandid    to  suppress  the  following 

this  part  of  the  Church,  has  favoured  MS.  note  which  occurs  in  one  of  the 

us  with  his  observations  on  the  archi-  copies  of  Hatton's  View  in  the  British 

tecture  of  the  structure,  which  will  Museum: — 'It  is    dedicated  to    the 

be  found  below.*    The  houses  which  companion  of  Mary  Magdalene,  whom 

*  Mr.  Walker's  communication  has  been  some  time  in  type,  but  was  omitted  for 
want  of  room.    We  now  append  the  substance  of  it  here : 

*'  In  rebuilding  the  Church  after  the  me-  *'  The  rebuilding  is  clearly  defined  by  the 
morable  Fire  of  London,  it  seems  that  rough  masonry  of  the  wall  above  the 
Sir  Christopher  Wren  not  only  retained  level  of  the  string  course,  and  this  wiU 
the  original  line  of  the  north  wall,  but,  seems  to  have  been  intended  at  the  time 
finding  it  unnecessary  to  pull  it  entirely  as  a  party  wall  between  the  Church  and 
down,  left  it  untouched  as  far  up  as  a  the  Glebe  Houses,  not  only  on  account  of 
string  course  which  formerly  ran  along  its  not  having  been  faced,  but  also  on  sc- 
the  whole  length  of  the  Church  under  the  count  of  the  entire  absence  of  openings 
sills  of  the  windows  of  the  north  aisle ;  for  light,  the  north  aisle  being  lighted 
traces  of  which  are  perfectly  discernible  from  above.  The  north  doorway  with  its 
to  an  eye  familiar  with  the  remains  of  an-  discharging  arch  in  rough  masonry  is  evi- 
tiquity,  from  the  north-east  angle  of  the  dently  an  insertion  in  the  original  wall, 
building  to  the  north  doorway.  The  ori-  and  the  recesses  over  the  doorway  teem 
ginal  buttresses  still  remain  with  the  to  have  been  intended  as  cupboards  for  the 
string  course  profiled  around  them  ;  they  adjoining  house,  as  the  masonry  of  their 
are  five  in  number,  and  in  one  or  two  arches  is  coeval  with  that  of  the  discban- 
places,  the  face  of  their  ashlar  is  as  per-  ing  arch  over  the  doorway.  Before  the 
feet  as  when  first  worked.  The  original  fire,  I  have  no  doubt  but  that  this  wall 
basement  moulding  can  also  be  traced ;  was  quite  unincumbered  by  any  buildings, 
and  the  original  ashlar  of  the  whole  of  this  first,  because  the  ashlar,  now  remaining, 
wall  still  remains  from  the  level  of  the  still  shews  a  fair  face ;  secondly,  because 
ground  to  that  of  the  string  course  men-  the  remains  of  the  buttresses  still  exist ; 
tioned,  and,  indeed  a  small  portion  of  it  and  thirdly,  because  the  basement  mould- 
is  left  some  five  or  six  feet  above  the  ing  and  the  string  course,  both  exterior 
string  course,  immediately  ai^oining  the  features,  can  be  dearly  pointed  out* 
easternmost  buttress.  There  must  therefore  have  been  a  spacsi' 


1 840.]  Review.— Wtf  Fabric  and  Glebe  of  St.  Mary  Aldermary.        503 


St.  Matthew  calls  the  other  Mary,  She 
was  the  mother  of  JamoB  and  Joses, 
ch.  xxvii.  verses  53  and  61,  id  est, 
Sancta  Maria  altera  Maria.'  "  But  the 
conjecture  appears  to  be  very  far  fetched, 
and  among  the  many  deeds  written  in 
the  Latin  language  which  have 
at  different  times  come  under  the 
Rector's  notice,  he  has  not  met  with 
one  that  affords  it  any  support.  We 
think  the  derivation  more  fanciful  than 
correct.  We  trust  Dr.  Wilson  will,  in 
his  sL>cond  edition,  be  able  to  give  his 
illustration  of  the  benefactor,  "Richard 
ChaircPT,  vintner,  who  was  buried  in 
the  church  in  1348."  Was  he  of  the 
same  family  as  the  poet? 

A  plate  is  given  of  the  north  wall  in 
the  state  it  appeared  after  it  had  been 
laid  open,  from  a  drawing  by  Mr. 
Walker;  and  though  there  is  little 
question  of  the  antiquity  of  the  walls  of 
the  church  up  to  the  window  sills,  we 
are  not  so  certain  that  the  buttresses 
possess  the  high  degree  of  antiquity 
which  has  been  attributed  to  them ; 
they  are  totally  distinct  in  character 
from  ancient  works,  approaching  much 
nearer  to  pilasters  in  appearance ;  they 
are  very  narrow,  and  project  but  little 
from  the  wall,  and,  in  lieu  of  having 
their  foundation  on  the  ground,  rise 
only  from  the  basement  cornice ;  in- 
deed, they  are  so  exactly  like  the  pi- 
laster buttresses  on  the  opposite  wall, 
tliat  wc  see  no  reason  for  assuming 
that  they  were  not  the  work  of  the 
same  hand  ;  if  not  of  Sir  Christopher 
Wren,  certainly  of  an  equally  impure 
Ck)thic  designer.  It  would  appear 
that  originally  a  space  existed  be- 
tween the  church  and  glebe,  and  this 
space,  small  as  it  necessarily  must 
have  been,  was  used  as  a  burial 
place,  (p.  17)  as  a  similar  slip  of 
ground  still  is  at  the  Church  of  St. 
Dionis  lUckchurch.  On  the  rebuild- 
ing of  London   after    the  fire,   these 


houses  were  set  back,  and  the  wall 
of  the  church  became  a  party  wall 
instead  of  an  external  one.  In  con- 
sequence, the  necessity  of  covering  the 
wall  with  ashlar  ceased  to  exist,  and 
it  was  left  in  the  rough  state  in  which 
we  now  see  it.  If  the  remains  of  the 
buttresses  be  compared  with  those  on 
the  south  wall,  which  there  is  little 
doubt  is  Wren's  work,  we  see  no 
sufficient  reason  for  assuming  that  the 
portions  in  question  were  not  alio 
produced  by  him. 

The  greater  part  of  the  tower  is  un- 
doubtedly older  than  Wren's  period; 
but  there  is  no  similarity  of  character 
or  design  between  the  architecture  of 
the  tower  and  the  pilaster- formed 
buttresses,  to  warrant  the  conclusion 
that  the  remains  now  discovered  are 
coeval  with  the  original  structure  ;  at 
the  same  time  that  the  conformity 
with  that  portion  which  we  under- 
stand to  be  Wren's  work,  leaves  little 
room  to  doubt  of  their  being  the  work 
of  one  architect. 

The  new  facing  of  this  wall,  exe- 
cuted from  a  design  by  Mr.  Tresa« 
will  be  in  accordance  with  the  south 
side,  having  blanks  in  the  place  of 
windows.  Of  this  design  a  plate  b 
also  given. 

The  diminution  in  the  value  of  the  en- 
dowment of  the  living  by  the  destruc- 
tion of  these  houses  is  to  be  lamented, 
and  the  Rector  complains,  with  an  ap- 
pearance of  truth,  of  the  inadequate 
compensation  he  has  received  for  the 
loss  of  income  arising  from  the  fLie 
houses  which  have  been  swept  away, 
a  circumstance  to  be  greatly  regretted, 
as  the  incomes  of  the  churches  rebuilt 
after  the  fire  of  London  are  far  from 
being  ample. 

It  is  truly  to  be  lamented,  that  pub- 
lic improvement  should  be  effected  at 
the  cost  of  individual  sacrifice. 


orifonally,  between  the  Church  and  the 
(;irfM>  lloasrs,  which,  on  acroant  of 
\Vntlin|(  Street  having  brrn  either 
n  itU-ned  at  the  time  or  removed  further 
towariU  the  Aouth,  was,  by  the  decrees  of 
the  Judfcff.  made  part  and  parcel  of  the 
githc;  thig  accountH  most  satigfactorily 
K>r  the  north  wall,  in  the  rcbaildinfff  bav- 
in t^  been  made  a  party  wall,  and  for  the 
north  Bi»le  having  been  lighted  from 
above,  and  also  for  the  right  of  way  hav- 


ing been  reserved  to  the  parishioners  from 
the  Street,  through  the  Glebe,  up  to  the 
north  doorway  of  the  Church. 

"  1  have  made  a  careful  elevation  of  this 
wall  as  it  appeared  on  the  27th  of  Nofvou 
her  last,  which  I  shall  be  most  happy  to 
shew  to  any  one  who,  like  myseU,  may 
take  an  interest  in  the  remains  of  anti- 
quity."— A  reduced  copy  of  this  drawing 
is  printed  in  Dr.  Wilson's  pamphlet. 


504      Review.*- Jones's  Cathedral  Be//.-»Bulvrer*s  Sea  Capiain.  [May, 


7%c  Cathedral  Bell;   a  Tragedy.    By 
Jacob  Jones.     1838. 

BY  some  accident,  we  know  not 
what,  this  play  slipped  from  the  file 
of  our  papers,  and  has  only  been  now 
recovered.  The  author  is  naturally 
anxious  that  his  play  should  be  acted ; 
with  this  view  we  should  advise  him 
carefully  to  consider  whether  some 
parts  should  not  be  altered,  that  might 
not  prove  successful  on  the  stage — 
such  as  the  character  of  the  maniac  : 
and  there  are  also  expressions  which 
produce  a  different  effect,  when  si- 
lently read,  from  what  they  would 
do,  when  pronounced  in  tragic  decla- 
mation. As  regards  the  play  itself, 
it  possesses  much  merit,  and  shews 
considerable  ability  and  poetical  feel- 
ing ;  but  there  is  not  sufficient  move- 
ment and  rapid  change  of  action  and 
event ; — too  much  is  said,  and  too 
little  done.  Nor  can  we  say  that  we 
are  much  interested  in  the  fortunes  of 
any  one  character.  Perhaps  it  will  be 
in  the  author's  power,  so  to  alter  and 
retouch  certain  parts,  or  to  make  it 
more  suitable  for  representation  on 
the  stage.  If  so,  we  venture  to  point 
out  one  or  two  passages  that  might 
be  improved. 

P.  17.  The  following  construction  is 
obscure  : — 

"If  before  set  of  sun  to-morrow  eve. 
The  place  be  not  surrendered  to  our  arms, 
Then  be  ye  witnesses  against  my  soul, 
Unless,  to  be  reveng'd,  I  shed  his  blood.** 

P.  26.  The  following  line  is  not  me- 
trical. 

"  Perhaps  this  poor  g^rl  you  chide,  might  shed 
a  tear.** 

P.  33.  The  expression  of  these  lines 
might  be  improved 

**  We  rode  the  seas— like  Phaetons,  the  storms 
Flogg^ing  the   waves  full  tumble   round   the 
globe.»* 

P.  54. 

"  In  raging  like  a  lion,  from  his  den 

Shut  out  and  tnuffing  ttrangerg  in  his  lair.** 

We  have  great  respect  for  Mr. 
Jones's  industry  and  poetical  zeal ; 
and  we  hope,  that  his  very  reasonable 
and  natural  wishes  may  be  crowned 
with  success ;  and  that  some  one  of 
the  managers  may  discover  the  merit 
of  his  plays,  and  bring  them  on  the 

7 


stage.  Let  him  not  be  displeased  at 
the  freedom  of  our  criticism  ;  for  we 
have  spoken  carefully  on  what  we 
read  attentively ;  and  it  is  only  by 
particular  and  minute  criticism,  that 
compositions  can  be  truly  improved. 

The  Sea  Captain,      By  Sir  Edward 
Bulwer. 

SIR  Edward  is  more  angry  in  his 
preface  against  his  critics  than  be- 
comes a  bard ;  he  ought  by  this  time 
to  be  critic-proof,  and  hear  their  clubs 
battering  on  his  helmet,  undisturbed. 
Besides,  they  do  not  seem  to  us  to 
have  directed  their  shafts  aright ;  and 
thus  they  have  given  him  the  advan- 
tage. We  like  his  talent  too  much,  to 
be  vexatious  about  petty  faults;  at 
the  same  time  we  do  not  consider  this 
drama  to  be  one  of  the  goodliest  of  his 
offspring. 

1.  We  object  to  the  ground- work 
of  the  plot ;  it  wants  the  nobler  and 
more  enthralling  passions.  All  is 
linked  with  meanness,  and  selfishness* 
and  duplicity,  except  the  character  of 
Norman,  and  that  is  overcharged,  and 
excites  little  sympathy.  The  author 
has  endeavoured  to  conceal  or  efface 
the  effect  of  the  baser  passions  in  Lord 
Ashdale,  Sir  M.  Beevor,  and  Lady 
Arundel,  by  the  noble  disinterested- 
ness of  Norman ;  but  the  contrast  is 
too  glaringly  made,  and  strikes  us  as 
unnatural. 

2.  Norman's  account  of  his  being 
cast  adrift  by  the  Pirate,  is  not  con- 
sistent with  truth ;  the  story,  as  a  fact, 
is  impossible;  and  what  would  So- 
phocles have  said  to  the  importance 
given  in  the  narrative  to  the  Ocean 
Monster  f 

3.  The  Poet  has  placed  Ladv  Arun- 
del in  a  situation  from  which  she 
cannot  be  relieved  without  a  violence 
or  force  inconsistent  with  the  feelings 
that  naturally  belong  to  Uie  charac- 
ters ;  therefore  it  is  effected  by  forcing 
Norman  to  an  effort,  which  was 
too  melo- dramatic  to  please  or  affect 
our  minds.  Ashdale's  quarrel  with 
Norman,  just  aflbr  the  latter  bad 
saved  his  life,  if  not  unnatural,  is 
most  unpleasing;  and  the  follow- 
ing speech  of  Norman,  after  Lady 
Arundel  has  blessed  him,  should, 
had  we  the  pen  of  a  poetic  licenser. 


1840.]    Review.— /vflfWy  History  of  the  Bishoprick  of  Somerset. 


505 


be  expunged,  simply  leaving  the  words 
"  Hark  !  she  has  blessed  her  son  !  " — 
the  rest  appears  to  us  to  be  not  formed 
of  sterling  metal. 

Hark  •  she  has  blessed  her  son !  1  bid  ye  wit- 
ness, [air, 
Ye  list'iiing:  Heavens  —  thoa  circumambient 
The  ocean  siifhs  it  back— and  with  the  murmur 
Rustle  the  happy  leaves.  All  nature  breathes 
Aloud— aloft— to  the  gjeat  Parent's  ear, 
The  blessincr  of  the  mother  on  her  child. 

Sir  M.  Beaver  is  painted  in  colours 
too  strong  and  coarse,  and  poetical 
justice  demanded  his  punishment; 
but  the  main  fault,  we  repeat,  of  this 
drama  is,  that  it  is  not  founded  on  the 
story  of  some  great  and  powerful  pas- 
sion with  which  we  can  freely  sympa- 
thize, but  is  employed  in  the  strug- 
gles of  a  painful,  ignoble,  and  guilty 
entanglement,  that  is  only  removed  by 
a  self-sacrifice  that  ought  not  to  have 
been  conceded,  and  which  leaves  no 
satisfactory  impression. 

Ecclesiastical  Documents:  viz.  I.  A 
Biipf  History  of  the  Bishoprick  of 
Somerspt  from  its  foundation  to  the 
ypur  1174.  If.  Charters  from  the 
Library  of  Dr.  Cox  Macro.  Now 
first  published  by  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Hunter,  F.S.A.  [Printed  for  the 
Camden  Society.] 

"THK  only  connexion,"  says  the 
Kditor,  "  between  the  two  portions  of 
this  volume  lies  in  this,  that  both  re- 
late to  affairs  of  the  early  English 
Church."  They  are  brought  toge- 
ther as  a  matter  of  convenience,  the 
original  of  the  former  having  been  no- 
ticed by  the  Editor  in  a  Register  of 
the  Priory  of  Bath,  preserved  in  Lin- 
coln's Inn  Library;  and  the  latter 
being  transcribed  from  a  valuable  col- 
lection of  charters  which  have  long 
been  in  his  own  hands. 

The  chronicle  is  one  of  very  early 
date,  having  been  composed  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  the  Second,  and  it 
contains  a  still  earlier  fragment  writ- 
ten by  Bishop  Gyso,  an  able  and  zea- 
lous prelate  who  was  not  only  a  wit- 
ness of  the  Norman  Conquest  of  Eng- 
lar.d,  but,  having  been  appointed  to 
the  Bishoprick  of  Bath  by  Edward  the 
Confessor,  was  so  fortunate  as  to  hold 
it  to  near  the  end  of  the  Conqueror's 
reign.  With  respect  to  the  second 
writer,  Mr.  Hunter  remarks  that  his 

"  object  was  two-fold.  First,  to  give  tho 

Gkmt.  Mao,  Vol,  XIII. 


best  account  he  could  collect  of  the  origin 
of  the  see.     This,  he  tells  us  in  the  pro- 
logue, was  his  principal  intention.  But  it  is 
manifest  that  he  had  his  eye  constantly 
fixed  upon  the  revenues  of  the  Charch, 
and  that  he  was  intent  on  producing  a 
work  to  which  reference  might  be  mi^e, 
should  questions  arise,  as  such  questions 
were   perpetually  arising,  respecting  the 
portions  which  were  set  aside  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  Canons  and  those  which  re- 
mained to  the  Bishop.     In  the  account 
of  the  see  under  the  later  Bishops  noticed 
by  him,  we  have  very  little,  except  what 
relates  to  the  temporal  possessions,  and 
disputes  concerning  them.     The   author 
was,  in  all  probability,  a  canon  of  Wells. 
In  one  phrase  we  have  a  verbal  confor- 
mity with  the  Historia  Minor,  (printed  in 
Wharton's  Anglia  Sacra,)  which  seems  to 
show  that  this  treatise  was  known  to  the 
author  of  that   meagre  performance,  or 
that  both  used  in  that  part  of  their  narra- 
tive a  common  original."  p.  5. 

**  It  contains  some  facts  which  are  pe- 
culiar to  itself,  to  some  transactions  it 
gives  a  different  colouring,  and,  on  the 
whole,  it  may  be  said  to  come  with  equal 
if  not  superior  authority  to  any  of  the 
three  on  whose  authority  hitherto  the 
writers  on  this  subject  have  proceeded.  No 
doubt,  the  whole  which  it  contains  respect- 
ing the  succession  of  Ina,  and  his  marri- 
age with  Queen  Ethelburga,  is  legendarj 
and  romantic  ;  but  when  the  history  ap- 
proaches the  time  of  the  Conquest,  it  as- 
sumes a  very  authentic  character ;  it  is 
minute  and  particular ;  and  so  continues 
in  respect  of  the  topics  selected  by  the 
writer,  to  the  reign  of  King  Henry  the 
Second,  in  which  it  was  composed."  p.  4. 

As  Mr.  Hunter  has  been  at  the 
pains  of  furnishing  the  reader  with  an 
English  version  of  this  Chronicle,  we 
roust  not  be  so  thankless  as  to  prefer 
the  original  Latin  for  the  following  ei- 
tract,  which  is  the  most  important 
part  of  the  auto- biographical  state- 
ment of  the  venerable  Anglo- Saxoa 
bishop: 

"To  this  said  Duduco  the  bishop,  I 
succeeded  ;  Gyso,  an  Hasbanian  from  the 
town  of  Saint  Trudo  (Hasbain  in  Lor- 
raine), in  the  year  of  our  Lord's  Incarna- 
tion 106f),  whom  King  Edward,  though 
by  any  merit  of  my  own  unworthy  of  the 
honour,  sent  to  Rome,  and  there  I  was 
consecrated  by  Pope  Nicholas  on  Easter 
Day,  the  seventeenth  of  the  kalends  of 
May,  and  the  King  received  me  in  an  ho- 
nourable manner  on  my  return,  bringing 
with  me  the  mark  of  apostolic  authority, 
the  synod  then  being  over,  (?)  in  the  se- 
cond week  after  Albs.    Then  taking  a 

3T 


506         IRzvii&vr.'^Earli^  HUtory  of  the  Biilioprick  of  Someriit.   [May» 


Burrey  of  my  cathedral  Church,  and  per- 
ceiving it  to  be  small,  and  the  four  or  five 
clerks  being  without  a  cloister  or  refectory, 
I  set  rnyse^  voluntarily  to  the  preparation 
of  these.     I  mentioned  this  our  poverty 
to  him,  who  was  inferior  to  no  one  in 
piety,  [of  course  the  Confessor  is  meant] 
and  obtained  from  him   the    possession 
which  is  called  Wedmore,  for  the  remu- 
neration of  an  eternal  recompense,  for  the 
increase  and  sustentation  of  the  brethren 
there  serving  God.     Queen  Edith  also, 
by  whose  assistance  and  suggestion  this 
was  effected,  increased  the  gift  with  faith- 
ful benevolence  by  giving  the  part  of  the 
said  lands  belonging  to  herself,  which  was 
called  by  the  inhabitants   Merken   and 
Modesley.    Then  the  town  which  is  called 
Wynesham,  which  had  been  granted  for  a 
term  by  some  one  of  my  predecessors,  but 
for  many  years  kept  from  his  successors 
without  any  service,  I  undertook  to  re- 
cover from  one  Alsie,  who  at  that  time 
held  it     Him  having   been    frequently 
canonically  admonished,  and  resisting  by 
force  after  there  had  been  a  sentence  of 
the  Provincials  by  which  he  was  deprived, 
and  it  was  declared  that  I  ought  to  be 
put  into  possession,  I  did  not  hesitate  to 
anathematize.     I  even  meditated  to  strike 
by  the  same  kind  of  sentence  Harold  the 
Duke,  whom  I  sometimes  privately  and 
sometimes  openly  rebuked  for  the  attacks 
which  he  made  on  the  church  committed 
to  my  charge.     But  King  Edward  having 
died  in  the  year  of  the  Incarnation  of  our 
Lord  one  thousand  and  sixty-five,   (Ha- 
rold,) on  taking  the  reins  of  government, 
promised  not  only  to  restore  what  he  had 
taken  away,  but  also  to  give  fresh  dona- 
tions.    But  the  judgment  of  divine  ven- 
geance overtaking  him  on  the  twenty-first 
day  after  the  victory  which  he  had  obtained 
over  his  camesake,  the  King  of  the  Nor- 
wegians, he  having  recruited  his  army, 
engaged  in  battle  with  William  Duke  of 
Normandy,  who  had  invaded  the  southern 
part  of  his  land,  and  then,  in  the  tenth 
month  of  his  reign,  with  hb  two  brothers 
and  a  great  slaughter  of  his  people,  fell  in 
battle.      Moreover,   the  Duke,  after  he 
had  obtained  the  victory,  and  had  taken 
upon  him  the  government  of  the  kingdom, 
and  had  heard  from  me  my  complaint  of 
the  injury  which  had  been  done  to  me, 
surrendered  Wynesham  to   the   church; 
and  confirmed  it  by  a  solemn  charter,  to 
the  effect  that  the  brethren  offering  in  the 
church  the  sacrifice  of  praise    to    God, 
should  pray  for  the  safety  of  himself,  his 
ancestors,  and  successors,  and  so  possess 
it  inviolably,  as  by  hereditary  right.     He 
promised  also  that  as  soon  as  he  was  able 
he  would  add  to  the  gift  the  monastery  of 
Oswald,    I  then,  in  order  that  I  might 


ttill  further  enlarge  the  property  of  my 
church,  obtained  by  purchase  from  one  of 
my  parishioners  called  Ai lere,  wiUi  the  con- 
sent of  William  the  King,  the  Una  which 
is  called  Combe ;  with  certain  other  lands 
called  Wurmeston  and  Littone,  which  I 
.  assigned  as  above  said,  for  the  angmenta- 
tion  of  the  canons  and  for  their  tapport. 
Another  estate  also  called  Kulmeton  I 
prevailed  with  EInedou,  abbot  of  Glaaton, 
to  give  to  my  church,  to  whom  it  had 
descended  by  hereditary  right  on  the  death 
of  his  mother :  but  this,  owing  to  the  dia- 
bolical interference  of  a  certain  powerfiil 
person,  I  did  not  hold  for  any  long  time. 
These  estates  thus  being  giyen  ror  the 
sustentation  of  the  brethren,  through  the 
bounty  of  Kings,  togeUier  idih  the  moft 
perfect  liberty  of  the  church,  I  enlarged 
the  number  of  them :  and  those  whom  the 
want  of  the  necessaries  of  life  had  before 
compelled  to  live  among  the  people  and  to 
beg  in  a  mean  manner,  being  thni  en- 
riched, I  brought  to  live  in  regular  order  in 
canonical  obedience.  I  prepared  for  them 
also  a  cloister,  refectory,  and  dormitory, 
and  I  added,  in  a  satisfactory  manner,  all 
other  things  which  they  required,  according 
to  the  maimer  of  my  own  country.  They 
unanimously  chose  one  of  themadTet, 
Isaac  by  name,  as  fitter  for  the  office  than 
the  rest  by  age  and  understanding,  who 
was  to  take  care  of  their  temporal  concerns 
without,  and  of  the  brethren  within.  I 
pronounced  the  sentence  of  anathema 
against  all  who  should  in  any  thing  violate 
the  arrangement  thus  canonically  made,  or 
should  take  away  any  part  of  the  posses- 
sions thus  appropriated  by  me  or  my  pre* 
decessors.'' 

On  most  of  the  places  here  men- 
tioned Mr.  Hunter  has  in  his  notes 
made  some  valuable  remarks,  of  which 
it  will  be  right  for  the  future  tope- 
graphers  of  Somersetshire  to  avail 
themselves.  It  is  not  necessary  to 
append  them  here  ;  but  we  will  quote 
the  following  curious  remarks,  made 
upon  a  place  subsequently  mentioned, 
and  now  called  Yatton : — 


tt 


Jaiiona  in  the  original;  but  Domesday 
book  presents  a  more  remarkable  ortho- 
graphy, Latune,  Of  the  conversion  of  tiie 
letters  l  and  Y  or  i  at  the  beginning  of 
proper  names  in  that  record  there  are 
other  instances.  Thus  a  place  in  the 
county  of  York  now  called  Y^adtm  occurs 
in  that  record  as  Ladun;  the  modem 
Yarum^  or  Yarmy  is  Larun  ;  and  a  place 
now  called  Lwertell,  occurring  thtee 
times,  namely,  in  the  Survey,  the  Raca* 
pitalation,  and  the  Clamores,  is  each  time 
written  with  a  variety  in  the  nrthoeraiilii. 
Geureihaief  ImtnBMi,  and  LounSSt. 


1840.] 


Review. — Kemp't  Nine  Dates*  Wonder, 


507 


Yatton  was,  as  before  observed,  the  land  of 
Johannes  Danus  t.  r.  e.,  and  it  is  sarpris- 
ing  that  Gyso  has  not  shown  us  how  it  was 
acquired  by  the  Church  of  Weils,  to  whom 
it  belonged  at  the  time  of  the  Survey.  It  is 
in  the  hundred  of  Wiuterstoke, near  to  Cou- 
^^resbury,  and  has  one  of  the  many  beau- 
tiful churches,  the  work  of  the  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  centuries,  with  which  the 
county  of  Somerset  is  adorned.'' 

The  Charters,  &c.  which  form  the 
Second  Part  of  this  volume,  are  only 
twenty-oue  in  number ;  but  most  of 
them  are  of  first-rate  importance  to 
our  ecclesiastical  and  monastic  history. 
They  relate  to  the  churches  of  Selby, 
London,  Norwich,  Tutbury,  Evesham, 
Lichfield,  and  others  in  various  parts  of 
the  kingdom.  Mr.  Hunter  has  pre- 
fixed to  them  some  account  of  the  his- 
torical collections  of  their  former  pos- 
sessor, the  Rev.  Cox  Macro,  LL.D., 
which  forms  a  valuable  addition  to 
literary  biography. 


Kemps  Nine  Dates  Wonder ;  Performed 

in  a  Dauncefrom  London  to  Norwich. 

With  an  Introduction  and  Notes,  by 

the  Rev.  Alexander  Dyce.    [Printed 

for  the  Camden  Society,] 

THIS  is  the  eleventh  publication- of 
the  Camden  Society,  but  the  first 
Reprint  that  it  has  produced,  nor 
do  we  find  any  others  hitherto  an- 
nounced in  the  long  list  of  its  pro- 
jected works.  We  regard  this  as  a 
pood  evidence  of  the  zeal  with  which 
its  views  have  hitherto  been  supported  ; 
as  the  publication  of  "  historical  re- 
mains '  which  have  hitherto  remained 
entirely  in  manuscript,  is  avowedly  its 
primary  object;  and  whilst  there  is  an 
ample  supply  of  these,  and  a  zealous 
succession  of  competent  editors,  the 
expectations  of  the  members  are  sure 
to  be  amply  fulfilled. 

Hut  the  present  case  is  one  in  which 
the  work  republished  completely  ranks 
in  point  of  rarity  with  a  MS.  Though 
the  pamphlet  (which  was  published  in 
1C(K))  was  evidently  popular  in  its  day, 
at  is  proved  by  the  numerous  allusions 
to  it  found  in  contemporary  authors, 
yet  there  is  only  one  copy  now  known 
to  be  in  existence,  which  is  in  the  Bod- 
leian Library,  among  the  books  given 
to  it  by  Robert  Burton.*    Moreover, 


the  late  Mr.  Giffbrd,  in  his  edition  o^ 
Ben  JoDson,  declared  it  to  be  "  a  great 
curiosity,  and  as  a  rude  picture  of  na- 
tional manners,  extremely  well  worth 
reprinting."  It  is  therefore  surprising 
that  it  has  never  been  resuscitated 
before. 

However,  it  ia  now  exceedingly  well 
republished :  the  text  being  literally 
followed,  and  the  whole-length  portrait 
of  the  labouring  "  dauncer,"  preceded 
by  his  "  taborer,"  carefully  copied  in 
the  title-page.  We  have  the  fullest 
confidence  in  Mr.  Dyce  as  a  most  accu- 
rate and  microscopic  Editor ;  whife  for 
the  extent  of  his  acquaintance  with 
the  literature  of  olden  times,  we  could 
not  refer  to  a  better  proof  than  the 
variety  of  information  he  has  brought 
to  bear  upon  the  trifle  before  us.  He 
has  shown  in  the  Introduction,  by  his 
quotations  from  the  works  of  Hey  wood, 
Nash,  and  Brone,  that 

"  William  Kemp  was  a  comic  actor  of 
high  reputation.  like  Tarlton,  whom  he 
succeeded  '  as  wel  in  the  fauonr  of  her 
Maiesty  as  in  the  opinion  and  eood 
thoughts  of  the  genendl  audienee,  he 
usually  played  the  Clown,  and  was  greatly 
applauded  for  his  buffoonery,  his  extern- 
poral  wit,  and  his  performance  of  the  Jig. 

"That  at  one  time, — perhaps  from 
about  1589  to  1593  or  later — he  belonged 
to  a  Company  under  the  management  of 
the  celebrated  Edward  AUcyn,  is  proved 
by  the  title-page  of  a  drama  called  A 
Knack  to  know  a  Knaue.  At  a  subsequent 
period  he  was  a  member  of  the  Company 
called  the  Lord  Chamberlain's  Servant^ 
who  played  during  summer  at  the  Globe, 
and  during  winter  at  the  Blackfriars.  •  •  • 

*'  When  Romeo  and  Juliet  and  Mmek 
ado  about  Nothing  were  originalbr  brought 
upon  the  stage,  Kemp  acted  Peter  and 
Dogberry ;  and  it  has  been  supposed  that 
in  other  plays  of  Shakespeare, — in  T%e 
Two  Gentlemen  qf  Verona^  As  you  like  it; 
Hamlet,  The  Second  Part  qf  Henry  the 
Fourth,  and  The  Merchant  qf  Venice,  he 
performed  Launce,  Touchstone,  the  Grave- 
digger,  Justice  Shallow,  and  Launcelot. 
On  the  first  production  of  Ben  Jonson's 
Every  Man  in  his  Humour,  a  character 
was  assigned  to  him ;  and  there  is  good 
reason  to  believe  that  in  Every  Man  out  qf 
his  Humour,  by  the  same  dramatist,  he 
represented  Carlo  Buffone. 

"  In  1599  Kemp  attracted  much  atten- 
tion by  dancing  the  morris  from  London 
to  Norwich  ;   and  as  well  to  refute  the 


*  Blomefield  (Hist,  of  Norfolk,  ii.  250)  mistook  it  for  a  MS. :  **  In  1599, 
one  Kemp  cams  daaciiia  the  whole  way  from  London  to  Konricb,  and  there  is  a 
MS^.  in  th«  B9dMui  uSnry  cvAUiiupg  ui  aocowU  Qi  itt '' 


508 


Keyiew.— Kemps  Nine  Dates*  Wonder. 


[May, 


lying  ballads  put  forth  concemiDg  this  ex- 
ploit,  as  to  testify  his  gratitude  for  the 
favours  he  had  received  during  his  '  gam- 
bols,' he  published  in  the  following  year 
the  curious  pamphlet  which  is  now  re- 
printed. Ben  Jonson  alludes  to  this  re- 
markable journey  in  Every  Man  out  of  his 
Humour t  originally  acted  in  1599,  where 
Carlo  Buffone  is  made  to  exclaim  '  Would 
I  had  one  of  Kemp's  shoes  to  throw  after 
you  I'  and  again  in  his  Epigrams : — 

"  or  which 
Did  dance  the  famo  us  morris  untoNorwich ." 

Mr.  Dyce  has  likewise  quoted  other 
allusions  to  it  from  the  works  of  W. 
Rowley,  Brathwait,  Dekker,  and  Web- 
ster ;  and  has  added  two  scenes  of  two 
early  dramas,  which  exhibit  Kemp  in 
propria  persona, — '*  The  Retvrne  from 
Pemassvs/'  and  "The  Travailes  of  the 
three  English  Brothers  (Shirley)." 

He  afterwards  adds  the  following 
remarks  upon  Kemp's  most  popular 
performance  on  the  stage,  called  the 
Jig,  and  answering  apparently  to  the 
ballet  of  the  modern  opera-house  : 

**  During  the  earlier  period  of  the  Eng- 
lish stage,  after  the  play  was  concluded, 
the  audience  were  commonly  entertained 
by  a  Jiff.  As  no  piece  of  that  kind  is  ex- 
tant, we  are  unable  to  ascertain  its  nature 
with  precision ;  but  it  appears  to  have 
been  a  ludicrous  metrical  composition, 
either  spoken  or  sung  by  the  Clown,  and 
occasionally  accompanied  by  dancing  and 
playing  on  the  pipe  and  tabor.  More  per- 
sons than  one  were  sometimes  employed 
in  a  jig ;  and  there  is  reason  to  believe 
that  the  performance  was  of  considerable 
length,  occupying  even  the  space  of  an 
hour." 

Mr.  Dyce  then  quotes  from  the 
Books  of  the  Stationers' Company  three 
entries,  recording  under  the  vears 
1591  and  1595  the  copyright  of  *''The 
Third  and  last  parte  of  Kempe's  Jigge," 
"A  ballad  of  Kempe's  Newe  Jigge  of 
the  Kitchen  Stuffe  Woman,"  and 
'*  Kemp's  newe  Jygge  betwixt  a  soul- 
dior  and  a  Miser  and  Sym  the  clown," 
and  states  his  belief  that  these  Jigs 
were  composed  by  regular  dramatists, 
and  were  called  "  Kemp's"  merely 
because  he  had  rendered  them  popular 
by  his  acting,  and  probably  by  flashes 
ofexteraporal  wit.  He  tells  us  that 
he  had  *'  spent  his  life  in  mad  Jigges  ;" 
and  to  one  of  those  many  entertain- 
ments Marston  alludes  in  The  Scovrge 
of  Fillanie,  1599 ; 


'<  Praise  but  Orchestra  and  the  skipping  Art, 
You  shall  commaund  him ;  faith,  you  fiiaae  his 

hart 
Even  capring  in  your  fist.    A  hall,  a  hall, 
Roome  for  the  spheres  I  the  orbes  celestial! 
"Will  daunce  Kempes  Jigge." 

Some  other  publications  besides  the 
"  Nine  Daies  Wonder "  have  been 
assigned  to  Kemp,  but  Mr.  Dyce  shows 
that  probably  none  of  them  were  his, 
and  that  the  present,  which  Gifford  has 
so  justly  characterised  as  "a  rude 
picture  of  national  manners,"  was  his 
only  work  as  an  author,  printed  pro- 
bably to  serve  as  an  introduction  for 
soliciting  those  "  rewardes  "  for  his 
atchievement,  of  which  he  tells  us  he 
had  received  large  promises,  which 
were  imperfectly  performed.  Still,  the 
whole  narrative  abounds  with  records 
of  the  abundant  hospitality  he  met 
by  the  way,  and  as  a  specimen  of 
the  manner  in  which  a  travelling 
contributor  to  the  public  entertainment 
was  then  received  in  "raerrie  Eng- 
lande  "  we  shall  extract — 

•*  The  fift  dayes  ioumey,  being  Wednesday 
of  the  second  weeke.* 

*'  Taking  aduantage  of  my  3  miles  that 
I  had  daunst  y*  day  before,  this  Wednes- 
day morning  1  tript  it  to  Sudbury ;  whe- 
ther came  to  see  a  very  kinde  Gendeman, 
Master  Foskew,  that  had  before  traoailed 
a  foote  from  London  to  Barwick,  who 
giuing  me  good  counsaile  to  obserue  tem- 
perate dyet  for  my  health,  and  other  ad- 
uise  to  bee  careful!  of  my  company,  be- 
sides his  liberall  entertainment,  departed, 
leaning  me  much  indebted  to  his  loue. 

*'  In  this  towne  of  Sudbury  there  came 
a  lusty,  tall  fellow,  a  butcher  by  his  pro- 
fession, that  would  in  a  Morice  keepe  mee 
company  to  Bury :  I  being  glad  of  his 
friendly  offer,  gaue  him  thanks,  and  for-  ^ 
ward  wee  did  set ;  but  ere  euer  wee  bad  * 
measur'd  balfe  a  mile  of  our  way,  he  gaue 
me  Guer  in  the  plain  Aeld,  protesting,  that 
if  he  might  get  a  100  pound,  he  woidd  not 
hold  out  with  me ;  for  indeed  my  pace  in 
dauncing  is  not  ordinary. 

"As  he  and  I  were  parting,  a  lusty 
Country  lasse  being  among  the  people, 
calM  him  faint  hearted  lout,  saving,  '  If 
I  had  begun  to  daunce,  I  would  hane  held 
out  one  myle  though  it  had  cost  my 
life.*  At  which  wordes  many  laughed. 
'  Nay,'  saith  she,    '  if  the  Dauncer  will 


*  Though  the  dance  was  performed  in 
nine  days,  the  performer  took  several  long 
rests  from  his  violent  exertions,  being  alto- 
gether twenty-four  days  on  the  road.  He 
was  detained  five  days  at  Buy  from  niQw* 


1840.] 


Review. — Kemp's  Nine  Dates'  Wonder* 


509 


lend  me  a  leash  of  his  belles,  He  venter  to 
treade  one  mile  with  him  my  selfe.'  I 
lookt  vpon  her,  saw  mirth  in  her  eies, 
heard  boldnes  in  her  words,  and  beheld 
her  ready  to  tucke  vp  her  russet  petticoate  ; 
I  fitted  her  with  bels,  which  she  merrily 
taking,  garnisht  her  thicke  short  legs,  and 
with  a  smooth  brow  bad  the  Tabrer  begin. 
The  Drum  strucke  ;  forward  marcht  I  with 
my  merry  Maydemarian,  who  shooke  her 
f;it  sides,  and  footed  it  merrily  to  Mel- 
foord,  being  a  long  myle.  There  parting 
with  her,  1  gaue  her  (besides  her  skinfull 
of  drinkc)  an  English  crowne  to  buy  more 
drink e  ;  for,  good  wench,  she  was  in  a 
pittious  heate  :  my  kindnes  she  requited 
with  dropping  some  dozen  of  short  court- 
hits,  and  bidding  God  blesse  the  Dauncer. 
I  bad  her  adieu  ;  and  to  giue  her  her  due, 
she  had  a  good  care,  daunst  trucly,  and 
wee  I  arted  friendly.  But  ere  I  part  with 
hor,  a  good  fellow,  my  friend,  hauin  writ 
an  odde  Rime  of  her,  I  will  make  bolde  to 
set  it  downe. 

'•  A  Country  Lasse,  browne  as  a  berry, 
Hlithe  of  blee,  in  heart  as  merry, 
Cheekes  well  fed,  and  sides  well  larded, 
Kuery  bone  with  fat  flesh  guarded, 
Meeting  merry  Kemp  by  chaunce, 
Was  Marrian  in  his  Morrice  daunce. 
Her  stump  legs  with  bels  were  garnisht, 
II er  browne  browes  with  sweating  varnisht, 
Her  browne  hips,  when  she  was  lag 
Tt)  win  her  ground,  went  swig  a  swag ; 
Which  to  sec  all  that  came  after 
Were  rcpleate  with  mirthfull  laughter. 
Yet  she  thumpt  it  on  her  way 
With  a  sportly  hey  de  gay : 
At  a  mile  her  daunce  she  ended. 
Kindly  paidc  and  well  commended. 

••At  Melford  diuers  Gentlemen  met 
mee,  who  brought  me  to  one  Master 
(oils,  a  very  kinde  and  worsbipfull  Gen- 
tleman, where  I  had  vncxpected  entertain- 
nunt  till  the  Satterday.  From  whose 
hou5C,  hauing  hope  somewhat  to  amend 
my  way  to  Bury,  I  determined  to  goc  by 
Clare,  but  I  found  it  to  be  both  farther 
and  fouler.'' 

The  description  of  the  host  of  Rock- 
land ill  the  eighth  day's  journey  is 
very  graphic  and  characteristic— so 
much  50  indeed,  that  Warton  (Hist, 
of  Knglish  Poctr>,  iv.  63)  would 
have  it  that  it  was  contributed  to 
Kemp  by  his  comra«le  Shakspcare.  It 
is  followed  by  some  verses,  also  very 
smart,  contributed  by  the  same  friend 
••  that  roaile  the  odde  rime  on  my 
Maidc-marian." 

"He  was  a  man  not  oucr  spare  ; 
In  his  eyebals  dwelt  no  care. 


*  Anon,  anon,*  and  *  Welcome,  friend.' 
Were  the  most  words  be  vsed  to  spend. 
Saue  sometime  he  would  sit  and  tell 
What  wonders  once  in  Bullayne  fell| 
Closing  each  Period  of  his  tide 
With  a  full  cup  of  Nut-browne  Ale. 
Turwin  and  Tumeys  siedge  were  hot, 
Yet  all  my  Hoast  remembers  not : 
Kets  field  and  Muscleborough  fray 
Were  battles  fought  but  yesterday. 
'  O,  'twas  a  goodly  matter  then 
To  see  your  sword  and  buckler  men  ! 
They  would  lye  heere,  and  here  and  there, 
But  I  would  meete  them  euery  where  : 
And  now  a  man  is  but  a  prick c  ; 
A  boy,  armM  with  a  poating  sticke. 
Will  dare  to  challenge  Cutting  Dicke. 
O  'tis  a  world  the  world  to  see  I 
But  'twill  not  mend  for  thee  nor  mee.' 
By  this    some    guest  cryes      *  Ho,    the 

house ! ' 
A  fresh  friend  hath  a  fresh  carouse  ; 
Still  he  will  drinke,  and  still  be  dry, 
And  quaffe  with  euery  company. 
Saint  Martin  send  him  merry  mates, 
To  enter  at  his  hostree  gates  ! 
For  a  blither  lad  than  he 
Cannot  an  Inkeeper  be. 

And  shortly  after  we  have  this  re- 
markable touch  of  City  customs,  in- 
troduced by  way  of  a  simile. 

"  For  euen  as  our  Shop-keepers  will 
hayle  and  pull  a  man  with  *  Lack  ye  ? 
what  do  you  lack.  Gentlemen  ? '  '  My 
ware  is  best,'  cryes  one,  '  Mine  best  in 
England,*  sayes  an  other  ;  *  Heere  shall 
you  haue  choyse,*  saith  the  third.'' 

Again,  in  p.  6  we  hear  of 

"  A  noted  cut  purse,  such  a  one  as  we 
tye  to  a  poasi  on  our  ttage^  for  all  people 
to  wonder  at,  when  at  a  play  they  are 
taken  pi(f ring.'* 

It  would,  however,  be  vain  to  at- 
tempt to  point  out  all  the  old  practises 
and  old  sentiments  which  this  veiy 
curious  picture  of  Elizabethan  life  au 
fords,  without  extracting  nearly  every 
line.  We  shall  therefore  now  con- 
clude, after  pointing  out  a  small  matter 
of  information  which  the  Editor  failed 
to  obtain,  though  he  evidently  took 
some  pains  to  acquire  it. 

Kemp  dedicated  his  narrative 

*•  To  the  true  Ennobled  Lady,  and  his 
most  bountifull  Mistris,  Mistris  Anne 
Fitton,  Mayde  of  Honour  to  the  most  sa- 
cred Mayde,  Royall  Queene  Elizabeth." 

on  which  Mr.  Dycc  has  made. this 
note ;— 


510 


BloomfieJd^s  Lexicon  io  the  New  TeUament. 


[May, 


*'  A  Mary  Fitton,  daughter  to  Sir  Ed- 
ward Fitton,  of  Gawsworth,  and  maid  qf 
honour  to  Qfteen  Elizabeihf  is  mentioned 
by  Ormerod,  HUt.  qf  Chethiret  iii.  393 ; 
and  *  Mn.  Fitton '  is  noticed  as  holding 
that  office  in  several  letters  of  Rowland 
Whyte,  printed  among  the  Sydney  Pa- 
pers, It  seems  unlikdy  that  the  Queen 
should  have  had  two  maids  of  honour 
called  Fitton ;  and  yet  we  can  hardly  sup- 
pose that  Kemp  mistook  the  Christian 
name  of  his  patroness.  I  may  add,  that 
an  examination  of  Sir  E.  Fitton's  will  in 
the  Prerogative  Court  has  proved  to  me 
that  his  daughter  was  named  Mary,** 

By  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Ormerod, 
the  reason  of  Mr.  Dyce's  ill-success 
has  now  been  explained.  In  the  same 
pedigree  in  the  history  of  Cheshire,  it 
-will  be  seen  that  Mary  Fitton  had  one 
sister,  who  is  described  as  "Alice, 
wife  of  Sir  John  Newdigate,  of  Ar- 
bury,  CO.  Warwick."  That  "Alice" 
is  a  misprint  for  Anne ;  and  she  was 
the  elder  sister,  as  is  stated  in  the 
title  of  her  husband's  epitaph*  at 
Harefield,  Middlesex, 

'*  In  funeribus  Johannis  Newdigate, 
Militis,  cui  in  connubio  stabili  juncta  fuit 
Anna,  Edwardi  Fitton,  Milit.  filia  primo- 
genita.'* 

We  find,  further,  that  her  son.  Sir 
John  Newdigate,  died  anno  1642, 
astat.  42,  and  therefore  was  born  about 
the  year  1600,  the  very  year  of  Kemp's 
publication ;  therefore  she  must  have 
changed  her  name  almost  immediately 

*  Wotton* 8  Baronetage,  1741,  vol.  iv. 
p.  623. 


A  Greek  and  English  Lejicon  to  the 
New  Testament,  By  the  Rev,  S.  T. 
Bloomfield ,  /).  D. ,  F,  8.  A, —This  will  prove 
a  very  serviceable  manual  to  the  student 
of  the  New  Testament  in  its  original 
language :  the  author's  great  experience 
in  this  particular  branch  of  learning  en- 
abling him  at  once  to  embrace  the  most 
copious  stores  of  his  learned  predecessors 
and  to  avoid  their  prolixity  end  redun- 
dancies. It  has  been  his  object  to  combine 
the  learning  of  Schleusncr,  Wahl,  and 
Bretschneider,  with  the  more  orthodox 
principles  of  Parkhurst  The  work  is  formed 
on  the  basis  of  a  Lexicon  by  Dr.  Robin- 
son,  of  America,  which  Dr.  Bloomfield 
.edited  in  this  country  about  three  years 
ago  ;  but  he  has  on  the  present  occasion 
introduced  a  considerable  proportion  of 
original  and  important  matter,  upon  the 


after  this  dedication  was  written,  and 
of  coarse  resigned,  on  her  marriage, 
the  post  of  Maid  of  Honoar  to  Uie 
Queen,  whereupon  it  is  probable  that 
her  younger  sister  ^fary  may  have 
been  appointed  her  successor.  It  may 
still  be  doubtful  which  was  the  lady 
who  was  one  of  the  maskers  at  the 
marriage  of  Lord  Herbert  to  Lady 
Anne  Russell  in  June  1 600,  when,  as 
Rowland  Whyte  told  Sir  Robert 
Sidney, 

**  delicate  it  was  to  see  eight  ladies  so 
pretily  and  richly  attired ;  Mrs.  Fetton 
leade,  and  after  they  had  donne  all  their 
own  ceremonies,  these  eight  ladies  mask- 
ers chose  eight  ladies  more  to  dawnce  the 
measures.  Mrs.  Fetton  went  to  the 
Queen  and  woed  her  to  dawnce.  Her 
Majesty  asked  what  she  was  ?  4<^Srr/loii, 
she  said.  '  Affection^*  said  the  Queen,  *  is 
false.*  Yet  her  Majestie  rose  and 
dawnced :  so  did  my  Lady  Marquis  \pt 
Winchester]." 

It  may  be  added  that  a  kneeling  ef- 
figy of  Lady  Newdigate  remains  in 
Harefield  church.  The  family  of  these 
Maids  of  the  maiden  Queen  had  pre- 
viously been  distinguished  bv  high  ap- 
pointments. Sir  Edward  tneir  father 
was  President  of  Munsteri  their 
grandfather,  also  Sir  Edward,  Lord 
President  of  Connaught  and  Thomond, 
and  Treasurer  of  Ireland;  and  their 
great-uncle  Francis  Fitton,  Esq.  who 
survived  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign, 
married  the  dowager  Countess  of 
Northumberland,  daughter  and  co- 
heiress of  John  Neville,  Lord  La- 
timer. 


merits  of  which  he  claims  it  to  be  re- 
garded as  at  least  an  independent,  though 
not  entirely  original  performance.  Its 
plan  is  as  follows:  ''The  etymology  of 
each  word  is  first  given,  when  tiioroughly 
ascertained,  as  far  as  respects  the  Greek 
and  Latin,  and  occasionally  the  Hebrew, 
and  even  the  Northern  languages.  The 
primary  signification  is  then  carefuUylaid 
down,  whether  found  in  the  New  Testa- 
ment or  in  the  Classical  writers  (In  the 
latter  case  usually  accompanied  by  some 
passage  in  proof,  adduced  either  verbatim 
or  by  reference) ;  and  from  thence  are  de- 
duced in  regular  order,  all  the  other  signifi- 
cations which  have  place  in  the  NewTesta- 
ment  writers,  but  not  in  others,  except  so 
far  as  they  maybe  necessary  to  ei^lish  the 
senses  there  found.  In  doing  this,  great 
care  hss  been  taken  to  dlicrimiMte  be- 


1840.] 


Fine  AHs. 


tween  the  intrinsic  significations  of  words, 
and  those  particular  senses  which  they 
may  bear  through  the  form  of  adjuncts. 
Again,  the  various  constructions  of  verbs, 
verbals,  and  adjectives,  have  been  care- 
fully noticed  ;  and  the  usage  of  the  New 
Testament  writers  has  been  illustrated  by 
a  reference  to  the  Septuagint  and  the 
Apocryphal  writings  connected  with  it 
and  the  New  Testament ;  as  also  to 
Josephus  and  Philo ;  and,  lastly,  the 
Greek  Classical  writers,  especially  those 
of  the  later  Greek  dialect,  from  the  time 
of  Polybius  downward." 

Eucharistica,      By  the  Rev.   Samuel 
"Wilberforce. — A  companion  to  the  holy 


Communion,  formed  of  select  pas 
from  old  English  divines,  with  a  ju 
Introduction  by  the  Editor.      ''  It  «< 
from  most  works  of  the  kind,  in  1 
wholly  gathered  from  the  writings  Oi 
divines  of  the  English  church  j  and 
secures  the  presence  of  that  raciness 
strength  which  are  so  rare  in  mc 
books  of  devotion.    Who  has  not  fel. 
difference  ^       Who   can  turn  from 
writings  of  St.  Augustin,  St.  Bemaru 
of  Hooker  and  Leighton,  to  most  of 
day,  without    remembering    the    8a« 
words,   **  No  man,  having  drunk  of 
wine,  straightway  desireth  new:  for 
saith,  The  old  is  better.*' 


FINE  ARTS. 


EXHIBITION  OF  THE  BRITISH 
INSTITUTION. 

The  collection  of  pictures  got  together 
at  **  the  Gallery  "  this  season,  is  not,  as 
a  whole,  in  our  humble  opinion,  particu- 
larly brilliant.  A  considerable  portion  of 
the  space  afforded  for  the  display,  which  is 
but  limited,  is  occupied  by  huge  compo- 
sitions, that  have  failed  to  find  purchasers 
at  the  exhibition  of  the  Royal  Academy  ; 
the  inevitable  consequence  is,  that  a  num- 
ber of  smaller  works  are  excluded.  The 
wiser  and  more  equitable  plan  would  have 
been  to  have  sent  these  large  and  meri> 
torious  productions  of  the  easel  on  their 
travels  into  Lancashire,  where  they  would 
be  welcomed  as  novelties,  afford  gratifi- 
cation to  many,  and  possibly  meet  with 
customers.  But  this,  we  suppose,  is 
reserved  as  a  last  resource,  so  that  they 
will  in  all  probability  continue  to  interfere 
with  the  less  influential  candidates  for  pub- 
lic favour. 

The  exhibition  of  this  year  is  graced  by 
scarcely  a  single  specimen  of  sculpture. 
Among  the  new  contributions  of  pictures 
the  most  conspicuous  and  numerous  are 
the  performances  of  the  academician  Lee. 
The  landscapes  of  this  gentleman  are  al- 
ways distinguished  by  their  excessive 
greenness,  and  an  absence  of  that  manl- 
pulative  skill  and  tone  which  are  the 
characteristics  of  a  legitimate  style  of  art. 
They  always  remind  us  rather  of  the 
paint-pot  than  of  the  palette.  Etty  has 
several  bright  little  pictures,  but  the  vi- 
sitor has  to  seek  for  them  amidst  the 
crudities  to  which  we  have  alluded.  Cook 
exhibits  some  landscapes  and  marine  sub- 
jects, which  may  be  regarded  not  only  as 
favourable  examples  of  the  artist's  talent, 
but  as  among  the  best  works  in  the  rooms. 
Landseer  has  one  little  picture.  It 
wants  tone  and  breadth  of  pencilling ; 
but  is,  otherwise,  not  inferior  to  the  former 


productions  of  the  same  hand.  Mr* 
Rothwell  exhibits  a  portrait  whidi. 
although  rather  tame  and  feeble  in  point 
both  of  cok)ur  and  handling,  is  neverthe- 
less very  pretty.  Miss  Kearslet  bidg 
fair  to  excel  in  this  line  of  art.  She  con« 
tributes  two  specimens,  the  larger  of 
which  is  worthy  of  every  commendation. 
The  other,  though  bu(  a  trifle,  is  also 
clever.  Inskipp  has  a  "  Neapolitan 
Fruit  Girl,''  and  another  transcript  from 
the  book  of  nature,  which  be  terms 
**  a  Wayfarer."  They  are  placed  side  by 
side  with  a  landscape  of  Turner's;  but 
such  is  the  depth  of  tone  and  colour  with 
which  he  has  invested  them,  that  the 
artist  comes  unscathed  out  of  the  conflict. 
The  power  of  the  master,  whose  simple  rustic 
subjects  will  afford  to  be  placed  upon  the 
verge  of  a  fiery  furnace,  needs  no  severer 
test.  Both  the  Wayfarer  and  the  Fruit 
Girl  will  bear  a  comparison  with  the 
chef-d'omvret  of  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds, 
Gainsborough,  and  others  of  the  good  old 
school  of  which  those  eminent  persons  were 
so  great  an  ornament.  We  need  not  go 
into  any  description  of  the  landscape  by 
Mr.  Turner,  as  it  has,  if  we  mistake  not, 
been  exhibited  before.  It  is,  at  all  events, 
one  of  those  fine,  misty,  poetical  compo- 
sitions for  which  the  master  is  celebrated, 
but  to  which  so  much  exception  has  been 
taken  by  the  public  on  account  of  their 
inordinate  warmth  of  colour.  Davis  has 
an  animal  piece  of  great  merit.  Jones, 
the  academician,  contributes  some  small 
street  views  in  his  usual  style.  We  like 
the  manner  of  this  artist,  although  we 
think  he  paints  rather  too  much  upon  one 
plan. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  hardly  any  of 
the  more  important  pictures  in  the  exhi- 
bition have  been  sola,  and  that  what  little 
patronage  is  exercised  should  b«  thrown 
away  on  low-priced  mediocrity. 


512 


LITERARY    AND  SCIENTIFIC    INTELLIGENCE. 


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AooLPHUs's  Reign  of  George  the 
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Personages.  2  vols.  8vo.  32«. 

Memoirs  and  Letters  of  Sir  Samuel 
Romilly,  with  his  Political  Diary.  Edited 
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Views  in  the  Department  of  the  I  sere 
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8 


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Capt.  Morris.   CI*. 

Hakon  Jarl,  a  Tragedy,  from  the  Da- 
nish.    5*. 

Sir  Elwyn,  a  Tragedy.     13mo.  2*. 

Erotophuseosi  or  the  Love  of  Nature. 
3*.  6</. 

Life,  a  Poem,  combining  both  the  Ridi- 
culous and  the  Sublime.  By  Young 
Nick.     2*.  Qd, 

Novel*  and  Tales. 

The  King's  Highway.  By  G.  P.  R. 
James,  Esq.     3  vols.  8vo.  31t.  6d. 

Jack  Ashore.  By  the  Author  of  "  Rat- 
lin the  Reefer."     3  vols.  3U.  6rf. 

P^re  La  Chaise,  or  the  Confessor,  a  Tale 
of  the  Times.  Edited  by  Gsorob  Sts- 
phens,  Esq.  Author  of  "  The  Introdnc. 
tion  to  the  Church  of  England  Qiiar* 
terly  Review."    3  vols,  post  Svo. 

Indian  Life.  By  Mrs.  Col.  Hartlxt, 
3  vols.  1/.  11*.  6d, 

The  Countess,  a  Novel.  By  Thbodori 
S.  Fay,  Esq.    3  vols.  31*.  6d, 

Arundel,  a  Tale.  By  Sir  F.  Vincent. 
3  vols,  post  Svo.  31*.  6d. 

Gerald,  a  Tale  of  Conscience.  By  G. 
Lowther,  Esq.     Post  Svo.  16*. 

Amusement  in  High  Life.  Post  Svo. 
10*.  6d. 

Indian  Orphans.  By  Mrs.  Sbkrwood. 
Fcap.  5*. 

Jeptha,  or  the  Maid  of  Giiead,  a  Tale. 
Fcap.  3*.  6d, 

Belfagor,  a  Talc.  Dedicated  to  the 
Ladies.     Post  Svo.  2*.  6d, 

Dimtdty. 

The  Victory  of  Faith,  and  other  Ser- 
mons. By  Julius  Charles  Hare,  M.A. 
Rector  of  Herstmonceux,  Sussex.  Svo. 
10*.  6rf. 

Sermons.  Byll.  E.  Head.  Svo.  10*.  Si, 

Crosth waiters  Sermons  on  Practical 
Subjects.     12mo.  7*.  Qd, 

Plain  Sermons,  on  Subjects  Practictl 
and  Prophetic.  By  the  Rev.  A.  M*Caul, 
D.D.  of  Trinity  CoUege,  Dublin.  ISmo. 
6*.  6J. 

Sermons  at  Stonehouse.  By  J.  Cooper. 
Fcap.  Svo.  5*. 

Romanism  and  its  Rules  in  Ireland. 
By  the  Rev.  Mortimer  O'Sullivan, 
D.  D.  and  the  Rev.  R.  M'Ghke,  BJL 
2  vols.  Svo.  24*. 


18  to.] 


Literary  and  ScientifU  Intelligence, 


513 


Roman  Misquotation  ;  or  certain  pai- 
sai^c>  from  the  Fathers,  adduced  in  a 
Work  entitled,  the  '*  Faith  of  Fathers/* 
IJy  the  llev.  Kicuard  T.  Pope,  A.M. 
8v(>.   l)4r.  (»r/. 

The  Church  of  Rome  Examined.  Trans- 
lated from  the  French  of  the  Rev.  C. 
Mahin,  D.D.  Paator  of  the  Church  of 
Testimony,  Geneva.  By  the  Rev.  J. 
CoRMACK,  D.U.  Minister  of  Stow.  8vo. 
;{*.  Gr/. 

On  the  Karly  Fathers,  an  Introductory 
lecture.  Hy  the  Rev.  J.  J.  Blunt, 
H.  I),  l^dy  Margaret's  Professor  of  Di- 
vinity in  the  Universitf  of  Cambridge. 
^'vo.  2*. 

Illustrations  of  the  Corporal  and  Spi- 
ritual Works  of  Mercy,  engraved  in  out- 
lin«',  and  accompanied  with  anecdotes  de- 
siTiptive  of  each  plate.  By  a  Sister  or 
riiK  Religious  Order  or  our  Lady 
OK  Mercy.     4to.   'J4#. 

Natural  History, 

SicMONn  and  Farre  on  the  Ceylon 
M()>s.     Post  xvo.  2*.  Gd. 

A.Ni)RKWs\s  Drawing  Book  of  Flowers. 
()l>lon.-.    *M. 

Dr.iwiii;;  Room  Botany.  By  James 
II.   Fl..\NKI.L.      ><vo.     19,  Gd. 

Spftrtt, 

The  Northern  Angler,  or  Fly  Fisher's 
(  oinp.-iiiion.     ]W  J.  KiRKHRiuK.     12mo. 

'..V.    <i//. 

Tin-  Book  »)f  Archery.  By  George 
A<.\K  Hansard,  Ks({.  Gwcnt  Bowman, 
with  rit'ti-en  I^ine  Kiigiavings  from  Paint- 
in;;s  l>)  V.  P.  Stephanoff,  Esq.  3 It.  Gd. 

Law  relating  to  India  and  Indian  Com- 
p.iiiv.      Uo.    M.  .\m. 

(  hnnary  Practice.  By  E.  R.  Daniell. 

.'  vols.    W.  1(»#. 

MedietM. 

Odontography,  or  Treati^  on  the 
Trtth.  Hy  R.'OwKM.  Part  I.  Plates, 
U*.  <>//.     Coloured  Win.  Gd, 

Trt'iitiM*  on  Amaurosis.  By  E.  A. 
lIorKKNM.    ><vo.   10*.  Gd. 

Science. 

Y«ar  Book  of  Fact*,  1H40,  ezhihiting 
ti.i  inoHt  iinportaut  Dincoveries  and  Im- 
pro\t  inent.H  in  .S<-ience  and  the  Art.s  of  the 
^  car.  Hy  the  Editor  of  Arcana  of  Science, 
Wit  I)  lllu>t  rated  Eiigrivingn.     tino.   .")«. 

Dictionary  of  (teology,  Mineralogy, 
«\r.     By  William  IIi'MBlk. 

PrrpartHjf  /or  PullicatUm. 

A    Numismatic   Manual,   or  Guide  to 
the  Collect iuB  ani  Stiulv  of  Gntk,  Ro- 
Glnt.  Mag.  Vol.  Xul. 


man,  and  English  Coins.  Qy  John 
YoNGB  Akrrmak,  F.S.A.  one  of  the 
Hon.  Secretaries  to  the  Numismatic  8o- 
cUity.     In  1  vol.  Hvo. 

A  new  edition  of  the  History  of  the 
Port  and  Borough  of  Sunderland,  com* 
prising  much  additional  matter,  topogra* 
phical,  statistical,  biographical,  and  com- 
mercial. By  George  Garbutt,  libra- 
rian to  the  Subscription  Library. 


FRENCH  LITERARY  INTELLIOENCJI. 

An  Inedited  grammar  of  the  "  Romane** 
language  of  the  thirteenth  century,  en- 
titled **  Donatus  Provindalis,'*  and  signed 
Hugues  Faidit,  has  been  pnbliiri»ca  by 
M.  Guessard ;  and  another  of  the  same 
epodi,  entitled  "  Draita  Maniera  de  Tro- 
ba/'  signed  by  Raymond  Vidal,  has  been 
given  to  the  public  by  the  same  gentle- 
man. Several  MSS.  of  these  works  had 
long  been  known  to  antiquaries ;  and  M. 
Raynouard,  in  his  *'  SelMted  Poesies  of 
the  Troubadours,"  had  notiosd  them  : 
they  are  similar  to  each  other,  being  both 
imitations  of  the  Latin  grammar:  die 
latter,  by  Raymond  Vidal,  is  the  more 
scientific  production  of  the  two. — if. 
Guichard  has  published  a  luminous  no- 
tice of  the  great  Latin  poem  of  the  four- 
teenth century,  the  "  Speculum  Hnmansi 
Salvationis." — A  very  interesting  notice 
of  Robert  Stephens,  the  great  printer, 
and  of  his  intercourse  with  Francis  I., 
has  been  compiled  and  published  by  M . 
Crapelet,  the  most  intelligent,  if  not  the 
most  extensive,  printer  in  the  French 
metrofMilis.  This  book  is  a  good  com- 
|>anion  to  Renouard^s  excellent  work, 
"  I.«e8  Annales  des  Aides.*'  The  typogra- 
)>ical  details,  and  the  account  of  Stephens's 
Mtablishmrnt  in  the  Rue  St.  Jean  de 
Beauvais,  are  well  worthy  of  perusal. 

ORKSHAM   LRCTU&St. 

We  are  happy  to  leem  that  the  Gresham 
Trustees  are  in  treaty  for  the  purchase  of 
('rosby  Hall,  and  most  sincerely  should  we 
rejoice  to  witness  the  re-establishment  of 
Grehuam  College  on  this  truly  classic 
S})ot;  so  peculiarly  appropriate  from  Its 
locality,  and  so  interesting  from  its  his- 
torical associations. 

On  two  recent  oecasions  the  subscribers 
to  the  fund  for  repairing  Crosby  Hall 
have  had  the  pleasure  of  assembling  under 
the  beautiful  roof  of  the  ancient  Ban- 
queting room,  which  has  been  preserved 
hy  their  xealous  exertions  from  impend- 
ing destruction.  On  Thursday  evening, 
March  U),  premiums  were  awarded  to  the 
Huccessful  artistes,  Mr.  D.  Pumore,  Mr. 
J.  Waudbv,  Mr.  R.  II.  Essex,  and  Mr. 
FcUx  Roffe,  for  their  Pictorial  Illustra- 
tions of  Croeby  Hall ;  and  on  Wednesday 

8U 


514 


f 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence^ 


[May, 


evening,  April  22,  Mr.  Vincent  Novello 
delighted  a  numerous  audience  by  a  Lec- 
ture, with  Illustrations,  on  the  Music  of 
Italy  and  England  in  the  16th  and  17th 
Centuries. 

It  will  be  seen  by  a  reference  to  our 
advertising  pages  that  another  meeting 
will  take  place  on  Thursday  evening,  the 
2l8t  of  May. 


STATISTICAL   SOCIETV. 

March  16.  The  anniversary  meeting 
took  place,  the  Right  Honourable  Sturges 
Bourne  in  the  chair.  After  the  annual 
report  of  the  Council  had  been  read,  it 
was  Resolved,  that  an  address  be  for- 
warded to  Prince  Albert,  requesting  his 
Royal  Highness  to  become  the  Patron  of 
the  Society.  The  following  noblemen  and 
gentlemen  were  elected  officers  for  the 
ensuing  year : — 

PreHdent,  Lord  Viscount  Sandon,  M.P.— 
Treasurer,  Henry  Hallam,  esq.— Honorary  Se- 
eretarieSf  Dr.  Clendinnin^,  J.  Fletcher,  esq.  R. 
W.  Rawson,  esq. — Council,  C.  Babbajre,  esq. 
Sir  J.  Boileau,  Bart.  Rt.  Hon.  Sturges  Bourne, 
J.  Bowring,  LL.D.  J.  Clendinning,  esq.  M.D. 
Rev.  E.  W.  Edgell,  W.  Parr,  esq.  Bight  Hon. 
£arl  Fitzwilliam,  J.  Fletcher, esq.  F.Groldsmid, 
esq.  W.  Greig,  esq.  H.  Hallam,  esq.  J.  Hey- 
wood,  esq.  J.  P.  iCay,  esq.  M.P.  Sir  C.  Lemon, 
Bart.  G.  C.  I^ewis,  esq.  N.  Lister,  esq.  M.U. 
Right  Hon.  Holt  Mackenzie,  Right  Hon.  Earl 
Lovelace,  H.  Men  vale,  esq.  the  Lord  Bishop 
of  Norwich,  W.  S.  O'Bnen,  esq.  M.P.  Sir 
Woodbine  Parish,  K.C.H.  G.  R  Porter,  esq. 
R.  W.  Rawson,  esq.  Lord  Viscount  Sandon, 
M.P.  R.  A.  Slaney,  esq.  M.P.  Col.  Sykes,  T. 
Tooke,  esq.  Major  TuUoch,  G.  W.  Wood,  esq. 
M.P. 

An  ordinary  meeting  took  place  in  the 
evening,  Lord  Viscount  Sandon  in  the 
chair.  Two  papers  were  read :  1.  A  Re- 
port prepared  by  a  Committee  of  the  So- 
ciety, "  On  the  Moral  and  Physical  Con- 
dition of  the  Working  Classes  in  the  Pa- 
rishes of  St.  Margaret  and  St.  John, 
Westminster."  2.  '«  On  the  Effect  of  the 
New  Postage  Arrangements  on  the  Num- 
ber of  Letters,"  by  Rowland  Hill,  esq. 

ROYAL    AGRICULTURAL    SOCIETY. 

This  Society,  which  last  year  held  its 
great  meeting  in  Queen's  College,  Oxford, 
and  has  this  year  been  invited  to  Downing 
College,  Cambridge,  has  just  received  from 
the  Queen  a  royal  charter  ;  her  Majesty 
becoming  the  Patroness  of  the  Society, 
and  naming  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond as  the  first  President.  The  charter 
confers  on  the  Society  the  style  and  title 
of  *'  The  Royal  Agricultural  Society  of 
England,"  and  her  Majesty  grants  the  in- 
corporation on  the  salutary  condition  that 
all  political  topics  and  discussions  on 
questions  pending,  or  about  to  be  brought 
forward  in  Parliament,  are  for  ever  to  be 
excluded  from  its  proceedings,  which  are 
to  be  cgoaected  solely  with  the  great  ob. 


ject  of  improving  English  Agricalture. 
The  first  Council  under  the  charter  was 
held  on  Monday,  March  30,  at  the  rooms 
of  the  Society  in  Cavendish -square,  when 
the  Duke  of  Richmond,  the  Duke  of 
Sutherland,  the  Hon.  Robert  Clive,  M.P. 
Sir  James  Graham,  Bt.  M.P.  Mr.  Henry 
Handley,  M.P.  and  Mr.  Joseph  Neeld, 
were  present.  An  address  of  thanks  was 
unanimously  moved  and  carried  to  her 
Majesty ;  and  the  Society  was  annonnoed 
to  consist  of  2,371  governors  and  mem- 
bers, between  300  and  400  new  members 
having  been  added  since  Christmas  last. 
The  Society  will  hold  its  next  yearly  meet- 
ing at  Cambridge,  in  the  month  of  July. 
It  was  hoped  that  the  Master  and  Fellows 
of  Trinity  College  would  have  permitted 
the  Society  to  have  had  the  use  of  one  of 
the  Courts  of  that  College,  as  the  qua- 
drangle of  Queen's  College  at  Oxford  was 
appropriated  to  the  purposes  of  the  last 
meeting.  It  is  now  arranged,  however, 
that  the  Society  will  dine  on  Parker's 
Piece. 


BOOKSRLLERS'  PROVIDENT  lN8TlTt7TXON. 

March  12.  The  third  annual  general 
meeting  of  this  benevolent  society  was 
held  at  the  Albion  Tavern,  James  Nisbet, 
Esq.  of  Berners 'Street,  in  the  chair.  This 
society,  which  has  been  only  in  existence 
three  years,  was  instituted  under  the  aus- 
pices of  Alderman  Kelly,  the  then  Lord 
Mayor ;  Cosmo  Orme,  Esq.  Andrew  Spot- 
tiswoode,  Esq.  and  in  fact  all  the  leading 
booksellers,  printers,  and  literary  men  in 
London.  Its  object  is  to  establish  a  fund 
for  the  permanent  assistance  of  booksel- 
lers and  booksellers'  assistants,  being 
members,  and  their  widows ;  and  Uie  tem- 
porarylassistance  of  members,  their  widows 
and  children,  when  in  necessitous  circum- 
stances. It  has  been  estimated  that  there 
are  within  the  limits  of  the  general  two- 
penny post  2,000  booksellers,  and  at  least 
1 ,000  assistants.  From  the  report  read  by 
Mr.  Meyrick,  the  honorary  secretary,  it 
appeared  that  the  number  of  subscribers 
on  the  31st  Dec.  1839,  was  as  follows: 
Honorary  life  subscribers  sixteen,  annual 
life  subscribers  four,  life  members  ^4, 
annual  members  148 — total  39S.  Amount 
of  donations  received  during  the  year 
1839,  186/.  2#.  ;  amount  of  annual  and 
life  subscriptions,  895/. ;  interest  allowed 
by  the  commissioners  for  the  redaction  of 
the  national  debt,  296/.  lOt.  lOd.^to- 
tal,  8,763/.  18«.  4d,  Expenses  incurred, 
237/.  19«.  2d.  leaving  an  accumulation  of 
8,525/.  19«.  2</.  from  the  first  establish- 
ment of  the  society  up  to  the  preMot 
time.  The  benevolent  objects  of  the  Amd 
will  come  partially  into  operaticm  when 
the  fonded  property  amounts  to  tO|000l. 
and  fiilly  wb«A  it  uriTCii  at  S0,000/. 


1840.] 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence, 


515 


THE    UNITED    SERVICE   INSTITUTION. 

March  7.  The  ninth  anniversary  meet- 
ing uf  this  institution  took  place  at  the 
Tliatched  House  Tavern,  St.  James's 
Street,  and  was  very  numerously  at- 
tended, the  Marquess  of  Londonderry  in 
the  chair.  From  the  general  abstract 
of  the  accounts  to  the  31st  of  Dec.  1839, 
it  appeared  that  the  receipts  during  the 
la5t  year  amounted  to  1,H6'2/.  19«.  3d, 
and  the  expenditure,  for  the  same  period, 
to  1,753/.  10*.  \d. 

The  report  of  the  council  stated,  that 
tlic  number  of  members  on  the  1st  of 
March  184(),  was  4,'i33,  of  whom  761  are 
life  subscribers.  The  number  of  visitors 
during;  the  year  was  16,248,  or  an  aver- 
age of  1 ,3.S4  per  month. 

Capt.  1*.  L.  Hay,  R.  N.  ;  Lieut. -Col. 
P.  S.  Stanhojw,  Grenadier  Guards ;  and 
("hark's  F.  Forbes,  M.  D.  who  retired  by 
rotation,  were  re-elected  for  the  ensuing 
ytar,  together  with  the  following  five  offi- 
i-t'rs.  Major  TuUoch  ;  Commander  J.  B. 
L.  Hay,  R.  N. ;  Major  Prosser,  unat- 
tached ;  Commander  F.  Warden,  R.  N. ; 
and  Lieut. -Col.  P.  Taylor,  K.  H.  unat- 
tacht'd. 


(ULLKGK    FOR    CIVIL    KNGINKKRfi. 

The  cuuncil  for  this  institution,  which 
i>  opined  on  the  1st  of  May,  have  elected 
thf  following  professors  in  their  Insti- 
tufion  : — Mechanics,  Mr.  Robert  Wal- 
Wallace,  M.A.  ;  Mathematics,  Mr.  Oliver 
Hunu',  and  Mr.  A.  W.  Horneman,  B.A., 
Cantab.  ;  Civil  Architecture  and  general 
(-un^t^uction,  Mr.  James  Elmes,  architect, 
( '.  10.  ;  .Naval  Architecture,  Mr.  J.  Water- 
man of  the  .Vdmiralty  ;  Physics,  Mr. 
Harnian  l^'wis, M. A., Cantab. ;  Chemistry, 
Mr.  Thomas  Kvcrett,  professor  of  chemis- 
try at  Middlesex  Hospital  ;  Mineralogy 
ami  (Jeohigv,  .Mr.  T.  Webster,  F.G.S.  ; 
Stati>tie.s  W.  C.  Taylor,  LL.D.  Trin. 
('ullet;r,  Dublin;  French  language  and 
literature,  Mr.  Lucien  de  Rudell,  M.A. 
Tniv.  <»f  Paris;  (u-rman.  Dr.  Stromeyer, 
I'niv.  of  Wurtemburg  ;  Greek  and  Latin, 
the  Kev.  J.  R.  i*age,  M.A.  Cantab.,  resi- 
dent Chaplain  to  the  College;  Secretary, 
Mr.  J.  E.  B.  Curtis. 


r\MnRID(;R  CAMDEN  SOCIETY. 

March  JH.  The  eleventh  general,  and 
tir^t  evening,  meeting  of  the  Cambridge 
C  amden  ScN!iety  was  hehl  at  the  Philoso- 
phji-al  Kooms.  .\fter  the  election  of  the  new 
mhiuIhtm.  among  whom  were  Lord  Chief 
.Iu.>tiee  Timlal,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Mill,  and 
Mr.  Riekm.in  the  architect,  the  Presi- 
di  nt  proe«>e«h-<l  t<»  o|K:n  the  business  by  an 
.i.lilre>s  on  the  ne^-essity  of  studying  Eeele- 
siastieal  Architecture  on  Kcclesiastical 
priuciplcs.    TUc  tinvi  Ji«  Mid,  wm  DmI 


passing  away  when  the  convenience  of  men, 
and  not  the  glory  of  God,  was  laid  down  as 
the  first  principle  in  the  erection  of  a 
church  :  and  proceeded  to  enumerate  the 
happy  effects  which  have  ensued  where 
not  only  the  useful,  but  also  the  orna- 
mental parts  of  an  ecclesiastical  building 
were  repaired  or  restored.  These  effects, 
he  remarked,  tended  among  other  advan- 
tages to  keep  alive  in  the  breast  of  the 
village  congregation  a  respect  and  love, 
not  only  for  their  own  place  of  worship, 
but  for  the  rites  and  ordinances  of  the 
church.  He  made  some  observations  on 
the  objection  that  these  studies  tend  to 
foster  superstition,  and  concluded  by  ex- 
horting the  society  to  keep  constantly  in 
mind  that  principle  of  its  constitution, 
which  required  that  they  should  be  pur- 
sued in  subordination  to  the  leading 
studies  of  the  university. 

A  paper  was  next  read  from  M.  H. 
Bloxam,  esq.  of  Rugby,  containing  de- 
scriptions and  drawings  of  the  chantry- 
altars  still  remaining  in  this  kingdom. 
He  more  particularly  instanced  those 
of  Bengeworth,  Worcestershire;  Enstone 
and  Broughton  Castle,  Oxfordshire ;  and 
Warmington,  Warwickshire.  Inilliutrm- 
tion  of  this  paper,  Mr.  Codd  of  St. 
John's  exhibited  a  drawing  of  the  magni- 
ficent Reredos  Screen  of  Harlton  church 
in  this  county. 

A  paper  was  then  read  from  the  Com- 
mittee, illustrated  from  several  private 
collections,  on  Ecclesiastical  Brasses.  A 
series  of  more  than  fifty,  from  1350  to 
lG3tf,  were  exhibited  and  described. 


ARCIIITKCTURAL  SOCIETY  OF  OXVOED. 

March  'J5  A  paper  "  On  Gothic  Archi- 
tecture'* was  read  by  the  Rev.  W.  Sewell, 
of  Exeter  College,  who  offered  the  fol- 
lowing remarks,  the  force  of  which  we 
think  will  be  generally  felt :  *Mie  ob- 
served that  no  religious  mind  could  hesi- 
tate for  a  moment  in  what  style  to  boild 
a  church  :  in  any  other  style  our  ideas 
could  only  be  associated  with  theatres,  or 
with  heathen  temples,  while  Gothic  archi- 
tecture we  could  associate  with  nothing 
but  Christianity  ;  and  the  more  deeply  we 
enter  into  it,  the  more  we  shall  In;  im- 
pressed with  the  ferment  piety  and  strong 
religious  feeling  of  those  who  dt*signed 
our  Gothic  churches.  Every  religion  has 
had,  and  must  necessarily  have,  an  archi- 
tecture of  its  own,  impressed  with  its 
own  character.  Thus  the  Egyptian,  the 
Greek,  the  Hindu,  or  the  Chinese,  each 
conveys  to  us  the  idea  of  the  religion 
which  it  emlM)died  ;  and  in  the  same 
manner  Gothic  architecture  is  essentially 
Christi.in  and  Catholic  in  its  true  and 
proper  sense — the  errors  and  su|icr(luities 

of  Roffltniim  vk  no  more  «f  icDtial  to  it 


515 


Literary  and  Schnti/ic  InteUigene^. 


[May, 


than  they  are  to  true  Chriatianity.  No 
one  can  enter  into  St.  PanVs  Cathedral 
with  the  same  feelinp^  with  which  he 
enters  Westminster  Abbey )  nor  will  all 
the  magnificence  of  St.  Peter's  at  Rome 
impress  the  mind  with  the  same  mysterioos 
sense  of  religions  awe  which  is  experienced 
in  York  Miiister." 


THK  MABTTRS'  MEMORIAL  AT  OXFORD. 

We  gave  in  onr  last  Number,  p.  41 3,  an 
account  of  the  alteration  of  plan  arranged 
by  the  Committee  for  this  public  monu- 
ment. We  hare  been  favoured  with  co* 
pies  of  several  documents  connected  with 
this  Resolution,  and  of  the  Instructions 
furnished  to  the  Architects.  Our  space 
will  only  allow  ns  to  make  some  extracts 
from  the  latter. 

**  The  Monument  is  to  be  that  sort  of 
Memorial  or  Monumental  Cross  which 
Edward  I.  caused  to  be  erected  in  fifteen 
places  to  bear  witness  to  his  affection  for 
his  deceased  Queen,  and  are  known  by 
the  name  of  '  Eleanor  Crosses*'  Three 
of  them  still  remain,  at  Geddington,  Nor- 
thampton, and  Waltham.  They  are  built 
upon  different  geometrical  principles,  the 
first  being  triangular,  the  second  octan- 
gtdar,  and  the  third  sextangular,  in  their 
bases,  and  in  the  general  arrangement  of 
their  sides  and  shafts. 

''  Of  these  kinds  of  Memorial  Crosses^ 
the  Committee  have  chosen  that  which  in 
its  general  geometrical  construction  may 
be  called  hexagonal :  with  certain  modifi- 
cations hereinafter  set  forth,  they  have 
adopted,  for  the  plan  and  purpose  of  their 
monument,  the  Hexagonal  Cross  at  Wal- 
tham, in  the  parish  of  Cheshunt,  Hert- 
fordshire.*' 

The  several  engravings  of  Waltham 
Cross  are  then  enumerated,  and  it  is 
observed,  that  upon  its  restoration  the 
terminating  member  of  the  structure,  as 
finally  executed  and  at  present  seen,  differs 
both  from  that  in  Mr.  Clarke's  outline 
engraving  of  it  in  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine (Aug.  1832,  p.  105),  and  also  from 
that  in  Cruciana,  8vo.  1835.  This  cross 
now  labours  under  the  defect  of  being  too 
heavy  and  dwarfish  in  its  basement-story. 
The  original  cause  of  this  loss  of  height 
is  to  be  found  in  the  repairing  and  raising 
of  the  turnpike-road,  and  afterwards  upon 
its  restoration,  in  giving  height  to  its  plat- 
form of  steps  at  the  expense  of  the  base- 
ment-story. 

The  dimensions  of  this  monument,  and 
its  several  parts,  as  recently  taken  by  a 
skilful  master-builder  of  the  neighbour- 
hood, are  then  detailed. 

Its  total  height  from  the  ground  is 
44ft  3iin. ;  the  first  or  basement-story 
being  12ft  S^in. ;  the  second  story,  from 
the  embattled  fret  of  the  firit  story  to  the 


embattled  fret  at  the  top  of  the  second 
or  statue-Btory,  12ft. ;  hmght  of  the  eta- 
tnes,  6ft.  4in.  $  that  of  the  third  story, 
8ft. ;  and  that  of  the  cross,  or  rather  of 
the  pinnacle  which  has  been  snbstitated 
for  a  cross,  I  Oft 

"  The  intended  cross,  therefore,  is  to 
be,  as  to  the  geometrical  principle  of  its 
construction,  hexagonal,  like  that  of  Walt- 
ham, and  in  form  and  character  it  is  to 
bear  a  general  resemblanee  to  it ;  second- 
ly, it  is  to  be  raised  on  an  hexagonal  plat- 
form of  steps,  four  feet  at  least  above  the 
plane  of  the  ground  adjoining ;  thirdly,  the 
shaft  or  body  of  the  cross  is  to  consist  of 
three  stories  set  ofi*  at  different  heights, 
following  in  this  particular  the  course 
which  has  been  pursued  in  all  the  Eleanor 
crosses ;  fourthly,  another  rule  is  to  be 
observed,  which  is  in  like  manner  ob- 
servable in  the  Eleanor  crosses,  that  the 
basement  or  lowest  story  be  the  least  de- 
corated and  the  most  substantial,  so  as  to 
serve  for  a  sure  foundation  to  the  upper 
masses  ;  fifthly,  it  is  fit  too  that  a  tiurd 
rule  or  principle  of  these  crosses  should 
be  attended  to,  namely,  that  the  middle 
and  upper  stories  should  be  the  most  de- 
corated.    But  as  to  the  constmction  and 
composition  of  the  tabernacle-work  and 
pannel-work  of  the  upper  stories,  as  also 
of  their  details  of  little  buttresses,  pedi- 
ments, canopies,  crockets,  finials,  and  as 
to  the  forms  or  modes  of  their  ascent, 
convergency,  and  termination,  architects 
are  left  to  the  exercise  of  their  own  taste, 
judgment,  and  knowledge  of  the  different 
styles  of  Gothic  architecture  belonging  to 
different  periods  of  time  ;  but,  in  the  use 
of  this  discretion,  they  are  to  bear  in 
mind,  first,  the  hexagonal  principle  which 
is  to  govern  their  compositions  ;  and,  se- 
condly, the  genef'al  form  and  character  of 
the  Waltham  Cross.    With  respect  to  im- 
provements introduced  into  the  pannel- 
work,  buttresses,  cornice,  fretwork  of  the 
first  story,  or  into  the  tabernacle- work 
and  pannel-work,  &c.  of  the  second  and 
third,  or  into  the  pinnacles  and  terminat- 
ing cross,  care  should  be  taken  that  they 
do  not  in  style  and  manner  become  in- 
congruous and  foreign  from  the  character 
of  the  Waltham  Cross  ;  they  ought  to  be 
formed  upon  such  principles  and  in  such 
a  style  of  architecture  as  prevailed  at  the 
latter  end  of  the  reign  of  Edward  1.,  or 
at  latest  under  that  of  his  successor. 

**  When  the  Comnuttee  adopted  the 
plan  and  principle  of  the  Waltham  Cross, 
they  approved  of  the  following  modifica- 
tions in  respect  of  height,  proportions, 
construction  of  the  niches  for  the  statues, 
and,  lastly,  as  to  the  apex  or  summit  of 
the  edifice. 

"1.  As  to  height.  The  present  height 
of  the  jreitored  okom  it  WuthMB  li  Ibity* 


1840.] 


The  Martyrs  Memorial  at  Oxford. 


517 


four  fec-t  tlircc  inches  aud  a  half;  the  old 
ht'ii^ht  forty  feet.  There  is  a  very  strong 
iinpresaion  ui>on  the  feelings  of  the  Com- 
mittee, tliut  the  Memorial  cross  which 
tlicy  wisli  to  see  erected  should  be  as  high 
as  tiie  celebrated  Market  Cross  at  Coven- 
try (now  no  more),  tifty-seven  feet,  and 
th:it  it  should  bu  placed  on  a  graduated 
platform  four  feet  high  at  least.  There  is 
an  engraving  of  the  Coventry  cross  ia 
Thomas's  edition  of  Dugdale's  Warwick- 
shire, voL  i.  p.  \4'2, 

"  .'.  As  to  proportions.  The  lowest 
or  basement  story,  by  a  suitable  increase 
of  it:i  height,  should  be  made  to  lose  that 
heavy  and  dwarfish  appearance  which  it 
now  presents  to  the  eye.  The  proportions 
may  linis  be  nia<Ie  to  resemble  those  as- 
si'j^ned  to  the  cross  in  the  old  engravings 
in  the  Vetusta  Monumcntn,  and  in  those 
to  l)e  seen  in  Farmer's  History  of  Walt- 
ham  Abb(ry,  and  Dr.  Stukeley's  Itinera- 
linm  (uriosum;  and  generally  the  pro- 
portions of  all  the  three  stories,  as  also 
(i(  the  terminating  member  or  members  of 
the  monument,  should  be  so  managed  and 
moditied  in  bulk  as  well  as  height,  as  to 
]>resent  un  outline  of  greater  elevation, 
and  a  .form  of  more  graceful  convergence 
than  those  «f  the  present  Wallham  Cross. 

"  :\.  Re^.l^d  beini(  had  to  the  main  ob- 
jeet  of  this  monument,  which  is  the  com- 
memoration of  the  martyred  Prelates,  their 
statues  should  be  to  placed  in  their  re* 
vpeetive  niches,  ami  the  niches  them- 
si^lves  so  constructed,  that  their  sculp* 
tured  f«irms  may  stind  forth  with  greater 
prominence  than  those  of  Queen  Eleanor 
in  the  Wultham  and  the  Northampton 
CTo<.si's,  and  more  like  those  in  the  Ged- 
ilin^ton  Cross. 

"4.  In  all  the  old  pictures  of  this 
Cro»!»,  the  third  or  highest  story  appears 
truneited  or  abruptly  rut  off.  The  rea- 
son of  this  is  to  be  found  in  a  local  cir* 
eum>tan(e.  The  ancient  abbey  of  Wal- 
tham  Holy  Cross  hiul  for  its  arms  a  cross 
planted  on  a  rock  ^ Mount  Calvary).  (See 
Fuller's  History  •)f  Walfham  Abbey.) 
The  sanu'  was  on  its  seal.  (See  Ogborne's 
History  of  Ks^ex.)  Hence  it  was  that 
tin:  5hnft  of  the  finial  Cross  at  Waltham 
was  <io  much  higher  than  that  of  the 
other",  beini;  tweire  feet  high.  It  was  of 
st«>ni',  and  very  massive.  It  therefore  l>e- 
camc  neccstary  to  give  great  strtwigth  to 
till-  highest  Ktory  of  the  structure,  that 
the  Cross  might  bo  lodged  in  a  substan- 
tial socket,  and  supported  with  nafety. 
To  this  necessity  is  to  be  attributed  the 
truncated  appearance  of  the  top  of  the 
upper  story  ;  but  such  necessity  does  not 
exist  in  the  present  undertaking.  There- 
fore the  workmanship  of  the  upper  story 
should  be  no  modified  m  to  preaent  no 


abruptness  of  termination,  no  heavy  cap, 
like  a  pedestal.  On  the  contrary,  the 
principle  of  continued  approximation  to  a 
point  should  govern  the  upper  as  well  as 
lower  parts.  The  buildine  should  be  con- 
tinuously carried  onwards  and  upwards, 
so  as  to  exhibit  a  structure  uniformly  and 
gracefully  pvramidical,  '  fine  by  degrees 
and  beautifully  less,*  like  the  famous 
Cross  of  Coventry. 

'*  These  four  points  of  modification 
having  been  duly  specified,  a  few  words 
will  be  added  upon  certain  points  of  de- 
tail. And  first,  as  to  the  collocation  of 
the  statues.  That  of  the  Archbishop 
should  occupy  the  niche  which  in  the 
W'altham  Cross  would  be  called  one  of  the 
large  central  niches  of  the  second  story. 
It  should  be  that  which  would  upon  the 
erection  of  this  monument  face  north- 
wards towards  St.  Giles's  Church.  The  ' 
statue  of  Bishop  Ridley  should  be  placed 
in  the  great  central  niche  of  the  second 
story,  to  the  right  hand  of  the  Archbi- 
shop's statue,  and  consequently  towards 
Balliol  College.  The  stetue  of  Bishop 
I^timer  should  be  placed  in  the  great 
central  niche  of  the  same  story,  on  the 
left  hand  of  the  Archbishop's  statue.  The 
statues  by  good  workmanship  should  be 
made  in  aspect,  apparel,  and  attitude^ 
characteristic  and  commemorative  of  the 
martyrs ;  but  the  statuary  work  belongs 
to  the  sculptor  rather  than  the  architect» 
and  need  not  be  further  described,  llie 
inscription,  as  settled  and  agreed  upon 
Nov.  17,  lk^.'i8,  is  to  be  cut  upon  that 
])annel  of  the  basement  story  which  is 
directly  under  the  statue  of  the  Arch- 
bishop. The  escocheons  of  Cranmeri 
Ridley,  and  Latimer,  coupled  with  those 
of  their  respective  sees  (in  further  com- 
memoration of  their  personal  and  episco- 
pal relations,  and  of  the  virtues  which, 
under  divine  aid,  enabled  them  to  fulfil 
the  duties  belonging  to  those  relations), 
are  to  be  laid  upon  the  panncls  of  the 
basement  story,  after  the  manner  of  the 
escocheons  of  Castile,  Leon,  and  Pon- 
tliicu.  laid  upon  the  basement  pannels  of 
the  Eleanor  Cross. 

*'  And  lastly,  as  to  the  finial  or  termi- 
nating cross,  it  is  in  shape  to  be  like  that, 
which  originally  formed  the  tcrminatiom 
of  the  Waltham  Cross  (being  like  the 
cross  of  Calvary,  as  seen  on  the  seal  end 
arms  of  the  .\bbey).'* 

The  designs  are  to  be  delivered  to  Dr. 
Macbride,  Principal  of  Magdalen  Ilsil, 
on  or  bt'fore  the  ITtth  of  May.  They  are 
to  be  drawn  tui  the  scale  of  four  feet  to  in 
inch,  and  shaded  in  Indian  ink  or  sepia, 
to  express  the  parts  in  relief.  The  suc- 
cessful competitor  will  be  employed  M 
•rcbitecti  or  recciTc  the  sum  of  40/. 


518 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY    OF   ANTIQUARIES. 

April  2.  Hudson  Gurney,  esq.  V.P. 

J.  A.  Repton,  esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited 
drawings  of  some  carvings  of  the  time  of 
Henry  the  Eighth,  chiefly  consisting  of 
arabesque  ornaments ;  they  were  formerly 
at  Halnaker,  near  Chichester,  but  are  now 
removed  to  Earl  Delawarr's  new  man- 
sion at  Buckhurst. 

Alfred  Surges,  esq.  F.S.A.  commu- 
nicated some  further  observations  on  the 
old  bridge  at  Bow :  illustrated  by  a  draw- 
ing. 

A  portion  was  read  of  an  account  from 
C.  Roach  Smith,  esq.  F.S.A.  of  several 
Roman  vases  containing  bones,  beads, 
armillee,  &c.  and  coins  near  them,  dis- 
covered at  Strood,  Bapchild,  Oare,  and 
Upchurch,  in  Kent ;  Mr.  Smith  exhibited 
three  of  the  vases,  with  drawings  of  se- 
veral others,  furnished  by  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Woodruffe,  of  Upchurch,  and  by  C. 
Charlton,  esq.  of  Rochester. 

April  9.  Mr.  Gumey  in  the  chair. 

C.  F.  Barnwell,  esq.  one  of  the  Audi- 
tors, read  the  report  of  the  Treasurer's 
accounts  for  the  year  ending  31st  Dec. 
1839,  from  which  it  appeared  that  the 
Society's  income  during  that  period 
amounted  to  1836/.  Os.  2d. ;  that  734/. 
&f.  Bd,  had  been  expended  to  Artists  and 
in  Publications  of  the  Society  ;  and  that 
500/.  stock  had  been  added  to  the  So- 
ciety's funded  property,  which  now 
amounts  to  7000/.  in  the  three  per  cent, 
consols. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Beaufort,  by 
Mr.  Hooper,  exhibited  the  original  grant 
of  the  lordship  of  Gower,  in  Wales,  to 
his  grace's  ancestor  by  Charles  the  Se- 
cond,— the  grant  having  on  the  face  of  it 
a  portrait  of  King  Charles. 

Lieutenant  H.  Worthington  exhibited 
two  ancient  guns,  or  chambers  of  guns, 
found  at  Dover,  with  a  drawing  of  a  simi- 
lar gun  taken  up  from  the  wreek  of  the 
Mary  Rose,  one  of  the  war  ships  of  Henry 
the  Eighth. 

Mr.  Gumey  exhibited  an  impression 
from  an  ancient  seal  in  the  possession  of 
Mr.  Delwyn,  bearing  the  legend,  "  Si- 
gillum  commune  Domus  Beati  Davidis 
de  Swanzey." 

The  Key.  J.  M.  Trahcme,  F.R.S.  and 
F.S.A.  exhibited  a  drawing,  accompanied 
by  a  description,  of  the  Culver  hole,  in  the 
side  of  a  hill  in  Gower,  which  was  con- 
verted into  a  place  of  defence. 

J.  O.  HaUiwell,  esq.  F.R.S.  and  F.S.A. 
communicated  some  additional  observa- 
tions on  a  seal  found  at  Cambridge,  and 


exhibited  at  a  former  meeting  (see  p.  304). 
It  probably  belonged  to  the  Vice  Warden 
of  the  house  of  Gray  Friars  of  Cam- 
bridge. 

Dr.  Bromet,  F.S.A.  referring  to  Mr. 
Repton's  drawings  of  the  canrings  for- 
merly at  Halnaker  Hoote,  exhibited  se- 
veral views  of  the  house  itself,  and  of  the 
interior  of  the  hall  before  it  arrived  at 
its  present  state  of  complete  ruin. 

The  reading  of  Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith's 
account  of  Roman  remains  found  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Strood  was  concluded. 

There  was  no  meeting  of  the  Society 
in  Passion  Week;  and  the  anniversary 
meeting  took  place  on  Thursday,  AprU 
23,  being  St.  George's  Day,  when  the 
President,  Treasurer,  Director,  and  Se- 
'cretaries,  were  re-elected.  The  new 
Council  are.  The  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  Tho- 
mas Amyot,  esq.  Charlet  F,  Barnwell, 
esq.  John  Bruce,  esq.  Deeimiu  Burton, 
eeq.  Nicholas  Carlisle,  esq.  T.  Crqfton 
Croker,  esq.  Sir  Henry  Ellis,  K.H.  J%o- 
mas  Earl  de  Grey,  Hudson  Gomeyy  esq. 
Henry  Hallam,  esq.  William  lUchard 
Hamilton,  esq.  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter, 
Sir  Frederick  Madden,  K.H.  Dr.  Mere- 
wether,  Dean  of  Hertford,  Thomas  Phil- 
lips, esq.  John  Gage  Rokewode,  esq. 
Charles  Roach  Smith,  esq.  Sir  Richard 
Westmaeott,  Knt.  the  Right  Hon.  C.  W. 
Williams  Wynn,  and  Charles  Otorge 
Young ,  esq. ;  those  in  Italics  being  the 
new  Members  of  the  CoundL  Sir  Henry 
Ellis  announced  the  death  of  twenty- 
eight  Fellows  of  the  Society  daring  the 
last  year,  and  three  withdrawn ;  also  the 
election  of  twenty-three  new  FeUows,  and 
one  Foreign  Member.  In  the  evening,  a 
good  muster  of  the  Society  dined  at  the 
Freemasons*  Tavern,  under  the  presidency 
of  Mr.  Hudson  Gumey. 

BRITISH  MUSEUM. 

The  Trustees  of  the  British  Mosenm 
have  recently  purchased  the  famous 
bronze  statue  of  the  collection  of  the 
late  M.  J.  F.  Mimaut.  It  represents  a 
young  man  the  size  of  life,*  entirely  naked, 
and  standing,  the  head  turned  to  the  right, 
the  arms  lightly  bent  before,  and  the  left 
leg  slightly  inclined  as  if  at  rest.  The  head 
is  bound  with  a  twisted  fillet  {stropMum), 
and  the  hair,  which  is  excessively  profuse, 
and  falls  in  curls  upon  the  shoulders, 
forms  a  kind  of  knot  in  front.  The  whites 

*  Only  four  and  twenty  bronzes  of  this 
size  are  known,  and  most  are  in  Italian 
collections. 


1840.] 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


r,in 


of  till*  ryos  nrr  inlaul  with  plates  of  silver, 
and  the  iii|)|)lt>»  of  the  hreast  cire  in  red 
rii|»p«r.  'J'liis  bronze,  whirh  is  considered 
\ery  superior  to  the  gilt  one  found  at 
IJlUhorine,  Ins  been  east  in  nine  ])ieees, 
(  ach  the  tiiieknoss  of  a  line.  Tlie  sutures, 
wliich  have  bei-n  hammered  together  with 
irreat  pn'rision.  are  only  discernible  in 
till'  tVacture  of  the  limb,  or  by  ))laein(;  a 
i-inille  in  the  interior  of  the  statue.  Part 
of  th«'  rii;ht  le^f.  the  foot  of  the  left,  and 
t)u'  plinth  of  the  Hi^ure,  which  were  melted 
by  the  Arab'*,  have  been  restored  by  M. 
ilii<<nii.  under  tht>  direction  of  M.  l)e  la 
Kontaine.  Opinions  are  at  present  di- 
\iiU'd  as  tf)  whether  it  represents  the 
iiKtfurfKn^ui^  it^l}t>\atTrjs  AttuXXo)!/  *'  the 
un-lioni  and  soft-tressed  Apollo,'* 
an  '•  Kids  Apteros,"  or  Ganymedes.  It 
\\a>  found  at  Ziftch,  and  is  apparently  not 
niui-h  oldrr  than  the  first  century  before 
(hrixt.  brim;  in  a  heavy  and  thick  style 
<»f  art.  It  is  saitl  to  have  been  purchased 
f«»r  12.jOt>  francs  (£."H»(0.  and  is  now  de- 
po><itt'd  in  the  ante- room  of  the  l'hyq;alean 
riMitn,  at  the  back  of  the  pilaster  where 
the  N'rnus  ]>rcsented  by  Kioi^  William  the 
Fourth  stands. 


rnK  rARTnr.NON. 

At  the  nieetiiu;  <if  the  Royal  Society  of 
Literature,  held  on  the  I'Jth  March,  the 
(  b«\alier  Hroiistcdl  read  a  very  import- 
ant paper  on  the  sculptures  of  the  West- 
ern I'eiliinent  of  the  Parthenon  :  previous 
to  uhieh,  Mr.  Hamilton  rend  the  follow- 
iiii;  extract  of  an  interestini;  letter  to  Or. 
llo.-tock  I'a  menibcrnf  the  Councih,  from 
liio  MUi.  Mr.  J.  A.  liostoek.  at  Athens: 

"  The  Parthenon  was  built  uptHi  tlte 
foundation^  of  the  fir*(t  teni]tle,  which  was 
destroved  bv  the  Persians;  and  these 
t<)unilations  are  still  seen  at  the  wentern 
front,  where  they  form  part  of  the  obloni; 
plitf'irm  on  whu^h  the  present  building 
.<tand-.  This  platform  is  not  flat,  but  is 
arrlicd  in  both  directitms,  the  four  corners 
btim;  consitlerably  lower  than  the  centre. 
Tbe  ciilunins  are  all  thirty-four  feet  hii;h, 
and  tlien  tore  the  capitaN  antl  the  rnta- 
bj.itiire  have  all  the  oame  arch.  It  is  not 
seen  at  a  distance,  but  is  ilistinetly  visi- 
ble  by  pl.ii'iui;  the  eye  .at  one  corner  of 
tbe  cornice,  or  any  other  of  the  lines, 
will  n  It  i«>  seen  toilcviate  from  the  straight 
ny  of  lii^ht.  The  axes  of  the  c(dumns 
-tUo  nre  not  perpendicular  but  ineline<l 
towaril^  tbe  centre,  or  rather  to  the  line 
ot  the  biKheyt  ridf^e  of  the  roof.  This 
irii'lination  in  jiroduceil  by  the  Ii>west 
-lone  of  eacli  column  brim;  an  incli  and  a 
lialt  lii;(her  on  one  side  (the  external) 
thin  on  the  other.  liotli  these  peculiari- 
tu  r  aiitl  much  to  the  strength  and  btdi- 
iiit\  of  the  whole  fabric,  aud  counteract 


the  tendency  of  the  eolnmnfl  to  l)c  forced 
outwards  by  the  weight  of  the  n>of.  We 
obscr\ed  the  same  thim;  in  the  temple  of 
Theseus,  which  is  nearly  in  its  original 
state.  There  appears  to  be  no  doubl 
that  the  whole  building  was  coloured; 
the  prevailint;  tint  was  red  ;  the  triglyphs 
and  gutta.'  were  azure  ;  fragments,  prov- 
ing this  to  have  been  the  case,  arc  now  in 
the  museum  at  Athens ;  and  I  found  in 
a  fold  of  drapery,  in  one  of  the  only  two 
figures  in  the  western  pediment  which 
still  remain  in  their  places,  a  large  piece 
of  blue." 

Mr.  BrOnstedt  began  his  very  interest- 
ing discourse  by  obser^-inir, '  that  the 
figures  were  smaller  on  the  Western  than 
on  the  Kastern  Pediment ;  and  he  inci- 
dentally gave  his  opinion  that  the  fitmous 
temple  at  Egina  was  a  Temple  of  Pallas, 
and  not,  as  has  been  imagined,  of  Jupiter. 
With  regard  to  the  immediate  matter 
under  discussion,  fewer  fragments  of  the 
Western  than  of  the  Easteni  Pediment 
had  descended  to  our  times,  and  drawings 
f»f  only  six  could  be  exhibited.  In  some 
measure  the  loss  was  supplied  by  the 
drawings  of  Carre,  who  copied  the  work 
as  it  api>eared  in  U'u.i  or  A.  It  then  con- 
sisted of  eighteen  figures  and  two  horses  ; 
the  original  having  been  complete  in 
twenty  figures  and  four  horses.  Fourteen 
years  after  the  time  of  Carry's  the  Par- 
thenon (this  portion  in  particular)  was 
nearly  destn)yed  by  an  explosion  of  gun- 
]iowder,  during  the  siege  of  Atliens  and 
the  war  bt>tween  the  Venetians  and  Turks. 
It  was  worthy  of  remark,  that  among  the 
troops  of  the  former  were  a  considerable 
number  fmm  the  north  of  Kuro|>c,  and 
}>y  these  many  of  the  fragments  scattered 
by  this  accident  were  carried  away. 
Among  others,  Koningsmark,  the  general 
who  commanded  the  Venetian  cavalry, 
preserved  two  heads  ;  and  they  were  dis- 
covered by  M.  Kronstcdt  in  the  Mnseum 
at  Copenhagen,  so  recently  as  the  year 
IHJK.  Me  accounted  for  their  havinic 
remained  so  hmg  unknown,  by  the  death 
of  M.  1 1  art  maun,  by  whom  they  had 
be<  II  transmitted,  without  any  statement 
of  what  they  were,  or  t<i  what  structure 
they  belongeil.  ^Knirravings  uf  these 
heads,  full  of  exprosion,  were  shewn, 
and  no  doubt  could  btr  felt  of  their  au- 
thenticity.) The  Chevalier  then  referred 
to  a  passage  in  *'  .\polIudorus,**  who  de- 
scribes the  Phidian  sculpture  on  the 
p<'diment  as  repn-senting  the  strife  be- 
tween Minerva  and  Neptune  for  the 
divinity  of  Attica  ;  ami  the  author  says 
that  the  figures  were  stated  to  consist  of 
the  River  (lods  and  I^ocal  llrnMrs  of  the 
place  ;  though  he  was  inclined  to  the 
opinion  that  they  might  be  the  twelve 


520 


Antiquarim  Btuarehei. 


CM»y. 


great  Olympian  Godi.*  To  the  former 
hypothesU  tiie  CheFalicr  adhered,  and 
thought  that  every  portion  of  the  design 
proved  that  the  queation  was  decided,  in 
conformity  with  tne  most  ancient  mytho- 
logy, hy  personages  of  local  worship, 
smeh  as  the  people  of  Athens  deified  two 
centuries  before  our  era  ;  whereas  the 
Olympian  Gods  had  only  grown  into  faith 
and  superiority  during  the  six  or  eight 
centuries  that  succeeded.  Before  the 
Alexandrine  time,  when  they  acquired  this 
supremacy,  Cecrops,  Erechtbeus,  and  other 
local  divinities,  were  invoked  at  Athens,  and 
the  same  occurred  in  other  parts  of  Greece. 
An  example  of  this  was  found  at  Corinth, 
where,  in  the  dispute  between  Apollo  and 
Neptune,  Briareus,  a  local  deity  like 
Georops  at  Athens,  and  not  an  Olympic 
God,  decided  the  question  that  Acro- 
Corinth  should  belong  to  Apollo,  and 
the  low  lands  to  Neptune.  Other  in- 
stances of  the  same  land  might  also  be 
quoted.  The  Chevalier  now  came  to  the 
figures  on  the  pediment ;  and  from  many 
cogent  reasons  and  references,  pointed 
out  that  the  centre  was  occupied  oy  Mi- 
nerva and  Neptune,  with  the  olive-tree 
between  them,  and  the  latter  as  if  moving 
to  depart.  On  the  side  of  Minerva  the 
next  figures  were  the  Victory  vrithout 
wings  (for  Minerva,  like  her  father  Ju- 
piter, could  never  be  vanquished)  guiding 
her  chariot,  and  attended  by  her  mytho- 
logical son.  On  the  side  of  Amphitrite, 
his  wife,  and  their  only  daughter,  occu- 
pied similar  places.  Towards  the  angle 
of  Minerva,  Cecrops  and  his  wife,t  and 
family  of  three  daughters  and  one  youth- 
ful son,  were  represented.  Towards  the 
other  angle,  Erechtheus  and  his  family 
appeared  ;  but,  not  being  so  numerous  as 
the  Cecropian  group,  they  were  balanced 
by  tiie  introduction  of  two  figures,  the 
first  the  Mythos  of  the  Land  of  Attica, 
and  the  other  of  the  Sea.  In  the  lap  of 
the  former,  two  children  appeared ;  and 
from  the  lap  of  the  latter.  Aphrodite,  the 
in£uit  -Venus,  was  rising.  Each  angle 
was  finished  by  Biver  Gods  and  Fountain 
Deities  belonging  to  the  soil,  and  the 
Chevalier  repudiated  the  notion  that 
those  on  the  right  were  Latona,  &c. ;  for 
Latona  was  much  later  in  the  Greek 
mythology,  and  could  not  be  present  at 
the  fij'st  exploit  of  the  great  Attic  divi- 
nity Minerva. — ^This  is  a  hasty  outline  of 
a  very  delightful  and  instructive  lecture, 
in  which  a  volume  of  classical  and  anti- 
quarian research  was  embodied. 

•  The  figures,  however,  as  before  stated, 
were  twenty  in  number.     Edit, 

f  Cecrops  and  his  wife  are  the  only 
figures    remaining,  being    preserved  by 
the  incumbent  fall  of  the  heavy  marble 
cornice  above  them.  ' 
9 


BOIfAN   COIN!  VOUKD    A.T    riVBVtST. 

A  short  time  since,  a  qoantity  of 
Roman  coins  were  found  in  the  south 
bank  of  the  Castle  at  Pevensey,  immedi- 
ately under  the  outer  wall.  They  are  as 
follows :  Of 

Constantine  the 

younger  •        2 

Constans   .        .        6 
Magnentitts  5 

Constantius  (Gallus)  5 
Valentinian        .        9 
Valens       •        •        3 
Gratian      .        •        1 
Coins  with  the  Head 
of  Rome,    <<  Urbi 
Roma,  *'      reverse 
'<The  Wolf    and 
Chihlren*'      .        3 
Constantinopolis        1 
Defaced  and  illegible  5 
Minimi,  several. 

These  coins  are  all  in  braas,  well 
preserved,  but  present  nothing  rare  or 
imiuual  in  their  types.  In  fact  they  are 
the  commonest  of  the  common,  being 
daily  found  throughout  the  vaat  extent  of 
what  were  once  the  provinces  of  the 
Roman  empire.  They  may,  howerer, 
serve  to  stimulate  the  antiquary  to  inves- 
tigate the  site.  The  bank  in  which  they 
were  deposited  appears  to  have  been  un- 
touched since  the  intentional  or  acciden- 
tal deposit,  and  it  is  possible  that  more 
of  the  building  may  be  of  Roman  con- 
struction than  is  generally  allowed. 


OLO   HOUSV   AT   8H0RIDITCH. 

A  relic  of  ancient  domestic  architecture 
has  been  recently  tiken  down  in  the  High 
Street  of  Shoreditch,  which,  although  pos- 
sessing little  of  interest  on  the  gronnd  of 
architectural  decoration,  was  remarkable 
from  its  antique  and  rustic  character,  and 
the  contrast  it  afforded  to  the  adjoining 
houses.  It  was  a  plain  example  of  the 
domestic  architecture  of  the  early  part  of 
the  sixteenth  century,  one  story  in  height 
above  the  ground  floor,  and  oondsted  of 
a  centre,  where  was  the  original  porch  of 
entrance,  flanked  by  two  acute  gables  with 
enriched  barge-boards,  and  pUstered.  This 
portion  alone  had  any  interest,  the  other 
parts  of  the  house  having  been  altered  to 
suit  the  convenience  of  the  modem  pos- 
sessors, it  being  divided  into  two  tene- 
ments, forming  Nos.  54  and  55  in  Shore- 
ditch.  At  the  period  of  its  erection  it 
was  probably  the  first  house  on  ttiat  aide 
of  the  road,  in  the  villagt  of  Shoredstdir 
similar  houses  being  found  in  sneh  sitaa- 
tions  in  almost  everj  conatry  villan.  ▲ 
group  of  old  houses  formerly  nxiatei  abe«t 
the  same  spot,  on  one  of  wiiicli  waa  (Im 
royal  tnni  of  a  sorereicii  oC  tho  Hovm 


1840.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


Ml 


of  Tudor,  which  was  noticed  in  Gent. 
Mixfr.  for  May  1822,  p.  40b'.  The  subject 
of  the  present  notice  was  almost  the  last 
remaining. 


ROMAN  IIVPOCAUST  NEAR  UUD- 
DKRHFIKLD. 

Mr.  Urban,  In  pursuance  of  my  promise 
I  s  hall  give  a  brief  description  of  the  remains 
of  a  Roman  llypocaust,  which  I  had  the 
good  fortune  to  discover  at  a  place  called 
Slack,  a  few  miles  from  Huddersfieldy  on 
thi'  site  of  the  ancient  Cambodunum. 

Some  labourers  in  search  of  stone,  for 
which  these  fields  have  been  the  quarry 
of  ai^es,  brought  to  light  a  ver}'  extensive 
pavement,    not  less  than  ten  feet  wide, 
with  a  wall  on  either  side.     Being  present 
at  the  time,  my  attention  was  attracted  to 
the  singular  appearance  of  a  flag  stone  of 
great  thickness,  through  which  there  was 
a  groove,  intended,  probably,  for  the  ad- 
mission of  air,  for,  on  its  removal  along 
with  a  large  maxs  of  Roman  cement,  we 
penetrated  a  cavity,    which  had    all  the 
characters  of  a  Roman  llypocaust.     The 
fragment:*   of  charcoal  that  were   visible 
within  and  around  it,  strengthened  this 
supposition  ;  on  subsequent  examination 
there  appeared  seven  tiers  of  pilasters,  of 
wliiih  tliere  were  also  seven  to  each  tier. 
The  roof  of  the  furnace  was  com]>osed  of 
s<|uare    stone,  above  which  there  was  a 
layer  of  Roman  bricks  of  a  handsome  ap- 
pe.iraiue,  each  twenty-one  inches  square. 
But  wh  It  particularly  excited  our  admira- 
tion, was  a  series  of  closely  cemented  flues 
or  tubes,  which   nearly    surrounded  this 
quadrangular  figure,  some  of  which  being 
M'ored    in    imitation   of  tesselated   pave- 
ment, gave  it  an  air  of  neatness  and  sym- 
metry, which  WHS  compared,  by  the  S])ec- 
tators,  to  the  front  of  an  organ.      The 
tubes  or  tlues  were  about  twelve  inches 
long,  and  at  the  end  six  and  a  halfby  five 
inehe>.     Some  of  the  flues  were  found  iu 
an  horizontal  position,  and  it  seems  pro- 
uh\c.  that  in   its  perfect  state  there  were 
many  others  intended  probably  to  convey 
warmth  to  the  adjacent  houses,  for  the 
remains  of  a  foundation  wall  nearly  a  yard 
ihiek  were  discovered  near  it.     The  nu- 
merous masfiy  fragments  of  Roman  mortar, 
Ixautifnlly  rhecquered  with  broken  brick, 
scemi'd  to  form  the  flo<}r  of  the  bath. 

Much  discrepancy  of  opinion  cxii^ted  at 
the  time  nn  to  the  real  nature  of  this 
structure,  som«r  regarding  it  merely  as  a 
brick  kiln ;  but  whoever  will  take  the 
trouble  to  runsult  Vitruvius  Pollio  will 
readily  adopt  the  designation  here  given  it. 
Til*'  late  Mr.  Taylor,  the  architect, 
kindly  favoured  me  with  a  drawing  of  the 
(  ntirvt  structure,  before  it  waa  removed  to 
the  residtrnce  of  the  late  Mr.  AlleOi  but  Us 

G£«>(T,  Mao.  Vol,  Xlil. 


present  appearance,  though  safficient  to 
shew  the  object  of  the  structure,  is  not  to 
well  calculated  to  convey  a  correct  know- 
ledge of  its  various  parts,  so  many  por- 
tions being  wanting,  and  others  matilated 
or  injured.  Imperfect,  however,  as  it  it, 
it  remains  a  singular  specimen  of  Roman 
ingenuity.  It  appeara,  however,  that  tkii 
hypocaust  is  not  the  only  one  that  hat 
been  discovered  at  this  Roman  itatioD|  a 
similar  one  having  been  recorded  bT  Uie 
late  Dr.  Whitaker,  in  his  account  or  thit 
place.  I  must  not  omit  to  mention  that 
several  pieces  of  bone  were  collected  at 
no  great  distance  from  the  floor  of  the 
hypocaust,  some  of  which  appeared  to 
have  escaped  decomposition  from  tlieir 
having  been  partially  calcined  and  em- 
bedded in  a  maas  of  charcoal  and  dneri- 
titious  matter.  There  wai  one  bone, 
however,  that  was  singolaiir  perfect,  a 
spheroid  bone,  which,  ttom  its  aitoatioay 
sustained  less  injury  from  the  flamet. 

I  have  little  doubt  that  near  thit  ipot, 
once  was  the  depository  of  the  ashet  of 
the  dead,  and  from  what  we  then  explored* 
from  the  general  appearance  of  diaperaed 
fragments  of  umt  and  bonet  and  charcoal^ 
that  at  the  period  when  this  place  wat  de- 
stroyed, this  cemetery,  among  the  rest, 
became  an  object  pf  plunder  and  deratta- 
tion.  Neither  can  there  be  much  doubt, 
I  apprehend,  on  a  careful  examination  (tf 
the  appearance  of  the  stones  and  the  ad- 
jacent soil,  that  one  mode  by  which  thit 
town  was  destroyed,  was  by  fire.  Among 
the  remains  many  pieces  of  iron  nailt, 
some  coated  with  mortar,  a  piece  of  lattioe 
made  of  iron,  and  a  fragment  of  what  ap- 
peared to  be  a  key,  now  in  my  possessioa, 
were  picked  np.  Various  bits  of  vitriied 
substance  were  also  collected. 

Nor  was  there  reason  to  doubt,  coa- 
trary  to  the  opinion  of  Dr.  Whitakat, 
that  this  place  was  occupied  by  *  Romaa 
garrison,  or  rather  by  a  garrison  in  tbo 
pay  of  Rome,  to  a  very  late  period,  for  on 
repeated  occasions,  when  excavatioiis  have 
been  made,  and  indeed,  very  lately,  a  large 
collection  of  tiles  have  been  dug  up,  simi- 
lar to  what  it  fell  to  my  lot  to  discorer 
sixteen  yean  ago,  with  the  inscriptioi!> 
con  IlII  BRE,  and  which  resemUe 
those  found  at  Grimscar,  near  Hndden- 
field,  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabetli. 
Some  very  beautiful  specimens  of  tilea* 
hearing  this  inscription,  will  be  exhibited 
at  the  approaching  exhibition  of  curioti* 
ties,  about  to  take  place  at  the  Philoto* 
))hical  Hall  in  this  town. 

It  should  seem  tliat,  from  the  perturbed 
state  of  the  empire  during  the  last  days  of 
('ambodunum,  the  garrison  duty  wat  con- 
fided to  auxiliary  troops,  and  among  otban 
to  the  fourth  cohort  of  the  firitont,  who 

3X 


522 


Aniiquariati  Reteofches* 


[May, 


appear  to  have  been  at  great  painii  to  leave 
behind  thrni  in  this  station  such  abund- 
ant attestations  cif  their  presence.     When 
the  flower  uf  the  Italian  troops  was  with- 
drawn  from  the  shores  of  Britain  to  assist 
in  repelling  the  attacks  of  hostile  barbari- 
ans at  home,  it  became  necessary  to  entrust 
the  guardianship  of  the  conquered  pro- 
vinces to  such  native  troops  as  could  be 
relied  u]H>n.     Such  was  the  case  in  all  the 
Roman  settlements  in  Britain  during  the 
waning  fortunes  of  the  empire.      Much 
may,  and  no  doubt  will   be  brought  to 
light  by  future  discoveries  in  this  place, 
which  was  so  entirely  destroyed  as  to  have 
sunk  into  oblivion  in  the  process  of  ages. 
We  have  no  inscription  of  a  later  date 
than  the  one  above  alluded  to.     Nor  is  it 
known  by  whom  the  town  was  finally  de- 
stroyed.   There  is,  indeed,  the  evidence 
of  a  Saxon  coin  to  shew  that  the  Saxons 
visited  the  place,  and  the  most  probable 
supposition  is,  that  it  was  a  battle  ground 
for  contending  armies  at  an  early  period, 
and  probably  the  name  by  which  the  place 
is  now  known.  Slack  (or  as  early  docu- 
ments have  it.  Slag)  may  have  arisen  from 
this  cause.     The  earliest  writings  called 
the  fields,  which  formed  the  ground  plot 
of  Cambodunum,  the  '^eald  fields,'' 
a  title  they  retain  to  the  present  day,  but 
we  still  recognize  in   the  name  of  the 
township  **  Scameden,"  as  it  is  written  in 
the  earliest  documents,  a  corruption  of  the 
Roman  appellation   Cambodunum.     The 
aspirate  prefixed  is  not  unusual  in  other 
languages  than  the  Saxon. 

There  is  a  hUl  called  Watch  HiU,  which 
formerly  had  some  remains  of  earth-work 
on  it,  and  this  has  usually  been  considered 
a  Saxon  work,  though  others  have  deter- 
mined it  to  be  Roman.  There  is  a  place 
not  far  from  this  hill,  and  situate  on  a 
gentle  declivity  on  the  side  of  the  Roman 
road,  which  the  most  ancient  deeds  call 
the  Laches.  This  term,  in  the  Saxon 
language,  signifies  "  Cadavera."  On  this 
very  spot,  not  more  than  a  century  ago, 
were  still  visible  a  considerable  number  of 
tumuli,  presenting  an  appearance  not 
unlike  an  ordinary  churchyard,  though  I 
can  detect  no  such  appearance  at  the  pre- 
sent day.  The  tradition  prevalent  ac- 
counted for  it  by  supposing  that  a  great 
battle  was  fought  there,  and  that  the  bodies 
of  those  that  fell  were  here  interred.  But 
it  seems  quite  as  probable  from  the  con- 
tiguity of  the  place  to  the  Roman  town, 
that  it  was  a  place  of  interment  ordinarily 
used  by  the  inhabitants,  especially  as  it 
was  a  common  practice  with  the  Romans 
to  bury  on  the  roadside,  and  if  this  was 
the  case,  it  must  have  been  so  used  after 
the  practice  of  burning  the  dead  and  urn- 
burial  was  discontinaedi  as  no  firagmeiits 


of  urns  have  ever  been  found.    It  it  not 
improbable  that  this  wai  the  burying  place 
of  the  inhabitants,  after  Chriatianity  was 
first  established  in  this  Roman  settlement. 
For  I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  in  this, 
as  in  most  of  the  principal  towns  situate 
on    the    great  roads,    Christianilj    was 
preached  during  the  Roman  dominion  in 
Britain.     I  have  noticed  in  so  many  in- 
stances the  marks  of  a  cross  on  portions 
of  tiles  and  bricks,   detached   from  any 
other  figure,  that  I  can  hardly  believe  it  to 
be  accidental,  and  I   fully  expect    that 
among  the  subterraneous  remains  of  this 
town,  yet  to  be  explored,  some  fbrtunate 
discovery  will  hereafter  be  made,  fSiat  shall 
establish  the  truth  of  my  opinion.    The 
small  number  of  coins  discovered  in  the 
different  excavations,  rather  proves  how 
completely  this  place  was  pillaged  at  the 
Kra  of  its  destruction,  than  that  it  was  a 
town  of  small  importance.      Many  coins 
have,  however,  been  found  here,  of  which 
no  record  is  preserved ;  others  are  record- 
ed by  Mr.  Watson  in  his  account  of  his 
own    discoveries  in   this   place.     Some 
years  ago  a  statement  appeared  in  the  pub- 
lie  papers,  of  a  discovery  made  in  a  quarry 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Slack,  of  a  valua- 
ble collection  of  coins;   of  these  many 
were  of  silver,  and  among  many  Roman 
several  Greek  coins  were  found.    1  have 
never  been  able  to  ascertain  whether  there 
existed  any  just  ground  for  crediting  this 
assertion,  whether  any  such  discovery  was 
ever  made,  or  into  whose  hands  so  valua- 
ble a  treasure  fell ;  and  yet  it  is  difficult 
to  believe  that  any  one  would  invent  such 
a   paragraph  for  the    mere   purpose   of 
amusing  a  few  antiquity-loving  readers. 
If  such  discovery  was  made,  it  is  Uie  duty 
of  the  fortunate  holder  of  these  treasures, 
to  favour  the  world  with  a  correct  and  cir- 
cumstantial description  of  them,  as  the 
coins  appeared,  from  the  account,  of  a  most 
valuable  kind.    It  is,  however,  beyond  all 
doubt,  that  within  a  few  miks  of  Slack 
many  interesting  discoveries  of  coins  have 
been  made  at  d^erent  times.     One  such 
was  made  not  long  ago,  near  Thurstonlandy 
of  which  I  gave  some  account  in  your 
publication .  The  discovering  a  goU  Roman 
coin  at  Holmfirth,  in  this  neighbourhood, 
shews  that  the  imperial  conquerors  were 
familiar  with  every  portion  of  this  numn- 
tainous  district.    Though  fifteen  centuries 
have  elapsed  since  this  coin  was'stmdc,  it 
appears  as  perfect  as  a  modem  coin,  and 
its  beauty  is  a  subject  of  admiration  to  all 
who  have  seen  it.    This  coin,  or  perhaps 
medal,  I  alluded  to  on  a  former  occasion. 
It  seems  to  have  been  struck  in  honour  of 
some  victory,  and  has  the  impression  of 
the  head  of  Carinus,  who  reigUDd  A.D. 
^4-5,  and  ii  one  of  tiie  few  gflM  eoiu  of 


1840.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


523 


that  emperor  discoveretl  in  Britain.  The 
monarch  whom  it  represents  was  one  of 
the  most  worthless  characters  in  history. 
The  inscription  is  quite  legible — on  the 
obverse  it  is  •*  Marcus  Aurelius  Carinus 
Nobilis  Caesar,"  with  the  head  of  Carinus 
with  a  fillet  round  it,  and  on  the  reverse 
"Victoria  August!,**  with  an  image  of 
victory  standing  upon  a  globe  in  the  act  of 
presenting  a  laurel  crown;  other  coins 
have  been  found  at  Elland,  in  Barkisland 
and  Stainland,  and  some  mouldt  qfcoint  in 
my  possession  found  at  Lingards.  Many 
other  indications  of  Roman  occupancy  are 
to  be  found  in  that  most  ancient  part  of 
the  parish  of  Huddersfield,  Longwood  and 
Srammonden.  In  brealdng  up  some 
common  land  of  my  own  near  to  my 
country  residence,  I  bad  the  pleasure  of 
bringing  to  light  a  Roman  milbtone,  which 
appears  afterwards  to  have  been  used  by 
their  Sason  successors.  But  should  any- 
thing of  particular  interest  be  discovered 
hereafter,  I  will  take  the  liberty  of  trani- 
initting  some  account  for  the  perusal  of 
your  readers.  J.  K.  Walker,  M.D, 

FRKNCH    ANTIQUARIAN    INTELLIGENCE. 

Paris. — The  Comit6  Ilistorique  des 
Arts  ct  Monuments,  has  resumed  its  la- 
bours since  the  Ist  of  January  last,  and  has 
met  eight  times.  It  has  examined  and 
analysed  40  memoirs  and  notices,  sent 
into  it  from  French  or  foreign  corret- 
pondcnts,  upon  subjects  of  archaeological 
interest ;  and  it  has  classified  100  series 
of  answers  returned  to  the  set  of  ques- 
tions which  were  issued  last  year,  and 
which  wc  laid  before  our  readers  soon 
after  they  were  published.  Within  two 
months  from  the  present  time  the  Co- 
mitC-  intends  to  publish  a  new  volume  of 
"  Instructions,"  relative  to  the  external 
architecture  of  Churches  of  the  Byxan- 
tine,  Romanesque,  pointed,  and  renais- 
sance stvles  :  it  will  also  issue,  about  the 
MHme  time,  the  first  numbers  of  the 
splendid  works  the  StaiUiique  Monu* 
mentale  de  Paris,  and  the  Mftnographie 
tlr  la  Cathedrale  de  Chartm.  During  the 
course  of  the  summer  the  monography  or 
description  of  the  Cathedral  of  Noyon 
will  be  published  under  its  orders,  and 
Also  a  volume  of  '*  Instnictions  *'  relative 
to  the  military  architectures  of  the  Middle 
Aice*.  AH  the.se  works  will  be  sent  to 
all  the  members  of  the  Comit^'*,  including 
the  corresponding  meml)«rs  for  England. 
After  an  immense  deal  of  trouble,  and  by 
dint  of  unwearied  solicitation  on  the  part 
of  the  ('omitf ,  the  present  Minister  of 
INihlic  Instntction,  M.  Cousin,  has  ctm- 
jkcnted  to  |>erform  the  promise  made  by 
hi.H  pre<leccssor  in  office,  M.  ViUemain, 
of  aUowing  the  Comity  to  pablbb  a  bul* 


letin  of  its  proceedings.  The  first  num- 
ber of  this  lughly  valuable  publication  hat 
just  appeared,  and  we  have  no  doubt  that 
it  will  be  duly  appreciated  by  the  archco- 
logists  of  all  countries.  It  will  be  sent 
regularly  to  all  foreign  members.  The 
object  of  the  bulletin  is  to  give  an  account 
of  the  business  transacted  at  each  sitting 
of  the  Comity,  together  with  extracts 
or  ritumis  of  the  memoirs  and  corres* 
pondence.  The  first  number  contains  an 
account  of  the  formation  of  the  Com- 
mittee under  M.  Guizot,  and  the  first 
report  of  transactions  for  1838  by  M. 
Gasparin.  The  second  number  is  to  con- 
tain a  report  of  the  proceedings  for  1839. 
After  that,  the  plan  of  the  bulletins  will 
be  as  mentioned  above,  and  they  will  ap- 
pear either  once  a  fomight  or  once  a 
month.  We  may  add  that  the  Comit^ 
has  received,  with  great  interest,  some 
reports  recently  addressed  to  it  from  some 
of  the  English  corresponding  members^ 
and  are  anxious  to  keep  up  a  constant 
communication  with  them.  This  first 
bulletin  publishes  the  complete  list  of  all 
the  members  French  and  foreign :  those 
for  England  are  as  follows :  Messrs.  Brit- 
ton,  Gage  Rokewode,  Gaily  Knight, 
Edward  Hawkins,  Michael  Jones,  Ixm- 
gueville  Jones,  Welby  Pogin,  Rickman, 
Whewell,  and  Thomas  Wright.  If  any 
more  English  members  are  appointed  by 
the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction,  we 
shall  publish  their  nominations. 

The  Minuter  of  Public  Instruction  has 
refused  to  ratify  an  appointment  made 
before  his  coming  into  office,  whereby  M. 
Didron,  secretary  of  this  Committee,  and 
Professor  of  Christian  Archaeology,  jointly 
with  M.  A.  Lenoir,  was  nominated  Libra- 
rian Conservator  of  Illuminated  MSS.  at 
the  Bibliothdque  du  Roi.  The  excuse  al- 
leged is,  that  the  funds  allotted  to  his  de- 
partment do  not  allow  of  this  increase  of 
expense,  1,800  francs  (£73)  per  annum. 
This  affair  has  produced  a  deep  sensation 
in  the  antiquarian  world.  The  minister 
has  also  refnse<l  to  allow  that  gentleman 
and  his  companions,  who  were  sent  out 
by  the  late  minister  M.  ViUemain,  to 
make  researches  for  objects  of  Christian 
archeology  in  Greece,  any  remuneration 
for  their  expenses,  alleging  the  same  rea- 
son— penury  of  the  public  chest. 

Recent  Antiquarian  Publicaiiom  in 
Paris, — M.  Merim<'*e,  inspector  general  Af 
historical  monuments,  has  published  a  vo- 
lume on  the  Antiquities  of  Corsica,  illus- 
trated by  numerous  lithographic  plates.— > 
M.  Achillc  Jubinal,  whoso  large  work  on 
ancient  tapestry  is  well  known  to  the 
public,  as  well  as  that  on  the  Armoury 
uf  Madrid,  has  done  good  service  in  mak- 
ing a  kind  of  abridgement  of  thoK  book« 


524 


/intiquarian  Sesearches  in  Franee. 


[May. 


in  two  volumes  8vo.,  thereby  placing  the 
principal  results  of  his  researches  within 
tho  reach  of  everybody, — The  third  vo- 
lume of  M.  Degaule*B  history  of  Paris 
and  the  environs  has  recently  appeared ; 
it  is  an  immense  improvement  upon  Du- 
Uure^s  history,  that  book  being  compiled 
altogether  in  the  iconoclastic  and  bar- 
harous  spirit  of  the  18th  century^  to  say 
nothing  of  its  being  fidl  of  errors.  M. 
Degaule  is  a  pupil  of  the  Ecole  des 
Chartes,  ^nd  is  a  learned  antiquary  i  im- 
l^ned  with  much  taste  and  apprehension 
c/t  th6  fine  arts. — A  small  book  upon  an 
isolated  portion  of  Parisian  antiquities  has 
been  sent  through  the  press  by  M.  Da- 
aield,  entitled  "  "Hie  Lafe  of  Mme-  Isa- 
belle,  sister  to  St.  Louis,  and  foundress  of 
the  Abbey  of  Long  Champs.**  Inde- 
pendently of  a  good  deal  of  interesting 
matter  relating  to  the  13th  century,  this 
work  contains  a  history  of  the  Abbey  of 
Long  Champs  on  the  western  side  of  the 
Bois  de  Boulogne,  once  a  splendid  con- 
ventual residence,  with  a  fine  chapel  of 
the  13th  century ;  but  of  which  nothing 
now  remains  except  the  farm  buildings, 
an  ancient  mill,  and  the  orchard  walls. — A 
publication,  coming  out  in  parts,  on  Anjou 
and  its  mediseval  monuments,  is  now 
nearly  terminated ;  it  will  form  two  oc- 
tavo volumes.  The  engravings  are  by  an 
English  artist,  IMr.  Hawke,  and  are  much 
admired. — ^The  third  number  of  the  Bib" 
iiothique  de  VBcole  des  Chartes  has  been 
issued.  Among  several  other  interesting 
articles,  we  have  remarked  in  it  a  valu- 
able notice  of  the  Horttu  deliciarum,  a 
MS.  Encyclopaedia  of  the  13th  century, 
which  may  be  justly  considered  as  one  of 
the  most  curious  documents  connected 
with  the  literary  history  of  France.  A 
portrait  of  Herrade  dc  Lansberg,  the 
learned  Abbess  of  St.  Odille,  who  com- 
posed the  Hart  us  t  copied  from  a  MS.  in 
the  Library  of  Strasburg,  accompanies  this 
notice.  M.  Lacabane  has  been  elected 
President,  and  M.  Bordier  Secretary,  of 
the  Society  de  1' Ecole  des  Chartes,  for 
the  current  year. 

Buildings,  8fc. — ^The  small  turret  of 
the  ancient  Abbey  of  St.  Victor,  near  the 
Garden  of  Plants,  which  the  prefect  and 
municipal  council  of  Paris,  on  the  earnest 
representations  of  the  Comite  Historiquc 
des  Arts  et  Monuments,  had  solemnly 
promised  should  not  be  destroyed,  but 
when  removed,  on  account  of  the  widening 
of  the  street,  should  be  re-erected  close 
to  its  former  site,  has  just  been  entirely 
destroyed  by  order  of  the  municipality. 
This  wanton  piece  of  vandalism  is  the 
>  more  inexcusable,  because  the  turret  was 
one  of  very  picturesque  appearance,  and 
would  have  formed  an  admxnble  tenni* 


nation  to  the  street  in  auestion.  It  wai 
the  only  relic  extant  of  the  magnificent 
Abbey  to  which  it  belonged.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  representationi  of  the 
Comit^  have  been  successful  in  laving 
the  Church  of  St,  Julien  le  Fauvre  from 
destruction:  but  there  is  always  danger 
from  a  body  so  decidedly  hostile  to  mcMOi- 
eval  antiquities  as  the  mmiicipalitT  of 
the  French  capital.  There  is  a  talk  of 
converting  the  ancient  collegiate  buildings 
of  the  Bemardins  into  a  barrack  for  the 
municipal  guards :  but  it  is  to  be  hoped 
that  some  more  suitable-  destination  will 
be  found  for  what  remains  of  that  fine 
establishment;  the  refectory  and  dor- 
mitory, of  the  14th  century,  are  some  of 
the  most  interesting  ecclesiastical  remains 
in  Paris.  If  any  British  antiquary  should 
chance  to  put  up  at  the  Hotel  Taitbont,. 
in  the  Rue  Taitbout,  let  him  beware  as  he 
mount  the  stairs  of  treading  lightly  on 
the  fragment  of  the  tombstone,  with  an 
inscription  of  the  14th  century,  that  lies 
at  the  foot  of  it.  This  is  one  of  the  nu- 
merous instances  of  precious  relics  of  the 
Middle  Ages  converted  to  vile  purposes 
during  the  Revolution,  that  are  lo  fre- 
quently to  be  met  with  in  Paris. — ^Tlie 
Parisian  architects  of  the  present  day  are 
making  the  amende  honorable  for  the 
neglect  of  the  two  last  centuries,  and  are 
erecting  magnificent  houses  in  the  style  of 
the  Renaissance  or  in  the  Palladian  style 
of  Italy.  Many  of  these  edifices  are  now 
made  to  form  squares  within  side,  their 
courts  being  tastefully  laid  out  and  planted, 
while  the  facades  externally  and  internally 
are  richly  sculptured,  and  have  nnmenws 
compartments  inlaid  with  verd-antiqne 
and  various  marbles.  There  is  a  very 
remarkable  instance  of  this  now  to  be 
seen  at  the  comer  of  the  Rue  St.  Laare 
and  the  Rue  St.  George.  The  interior 
making  a  double  quadrangle  is  sumptuous 
in  the  extreme.  The  rooms  are  kt  out 
to  different  families. 

AvEYRON. — ^The  Church  of  Conques, 
in  the  diocese  of  Rhodes,  one  of  the  most 
|>erfect  examples  of  the  Byzantine  style 
m  France,  and  upon  which  M.  Prosper 
Merim^'c  has  published  a  learned  notice, 
in  which  he  carries  its  date  back  to  the 
time  of  Charlemagne,  is  about  to  be 
thoroughly  repaired.  The  CommiMion 
des  Monuments  Historiques  under  the 
Minbter  of  the  Interior,  and  the  Comit€ 
Historique  des  Arts  et  Monuments,  have 
made  the  strongest  representations  to  the 
proper  authorities  concerning  the  preser- 
vation of  this  edifice.  A  small  sum,  10,000 
francs,  has  just  been  allotted  for  this  par- 
pose  by  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 

BoucBKs  Du  Rhonx. — A  turn  «f 
30,000  francs  has  been  allotted  )/f  ih» 


1840.] 


Antiquarian  Researches  in  France* 


525 


Coromission  des  Monuments  Historiques 
for  the  further  excavation  and  preserva- 
tion of  the  Roman  Theatre  at  Aries. 
The  works  now  going  on  have  laid  open 
tlie  Proscenium  ;  they  are  under  the  di- 
rection of  M.  Caristie,  Architect,  and 
their  total  cost  is  estimated  at  150,000 
francs.  The  firit  excavationB  made  at 
Aries  for  the  preservation  of  its  Roman 
monuments  were  commenced  in  1825 ; 
since  that  time  the  state  ;  has  ^^nted 
130', 000  francs  for  this  purpose  ;  the  de- 
partment 51,936  francs;  and  the  muni- 
cipality of  Aries  116,435  francs. 

Drome. — The  Council  General  of  this 
department  has  voted  a  large  sum  of 
money,  to  be  expended  in  successive 
years,  upon  the  reparations  and  restora- 
tion of  the  Church  of  St.  Paul-Trois- 
Chateaux,  founded  in  a.d.  800. 

Gard. — A  short  time  since,  some 
workmen  engaged  in  digging  for  founds  • 
tiuns  on  the  hill  aide,  near  the  Tour- 
niagne  (Turns  Magna)  at  Nismea,  found 
a  vase  with  a  considerable  quantity  of 
coius  in  it.  These  they  disposed  of  to 
various  persons,  and  only  10  have  as  yet 
fallen  into  the  hands  of  any  connoisseurs. 
They  prove  to  be  of  high  interest :  among 
them  arc  some  of  the  beginning  of  the 
Hth  century,  struck  at  Maguelonne,  the 
ancient  Mesua,  by  the  pirate  chiefs  who 
then  made  it  their  stronghold.  One  of  these 
coins  has  the  efiigy  of  one  of  these  chiefs, 
and  on  the  reverse  a  cross  with  crescents 
in  each  of  the  intervals  of  the  arms  of  the 
cross,  an  emblem,  pK)bably,  of  the  treaty 
made  between  the  Bishop  of  Maguelonne 
and  the  Saracens,  an  act  for  which  be 
was  censured  by  a  Council  of  the  Church. 
Others  of  these  medals  are  still  older,  and 
belong  to  the  Gauls.  One  of  them,  of 
extreme  rarity,  (only  one  is  known  to 
exist  elsewhere ;  it  has  been  described  by 
Mt'nard)  is  in  silver,  and  bears  a  head 
with  a  diadem  on  the  obverse;  on  the  re- 
verse is  a  horse  galloping,  the  rider  of 
which  hold  tlie  bridle  with  his  left  hand, 
and  in  his  rit^ht  brandishes  the  Gallic 
gfpsuvi.  Helow  the  horse  is  the  legend 
Nkma.  It  is  supposed  to  be  of  several 
centuries  prior  to  the  Christian  lera. 

(iiRONDK. — At  Ccstas,  near  Bordeaux, 
an  urn  was  found  not  long  since  by  some 
men  ciigging  up  the  roots  of  a  tree  in  a 
wood.  Jt  contained  about  lOO  bronxe 
medals,  of  the  time  of  Antoninus  Pius. 

UcRE. — There  have  been  discovered  at 
Vienne,  in  the  bed  of  the  Rhone,  the 
l^aters  of  which  have  been  unusually  low 
for  some  time  past,  the  torso  of  a  marble 
statue,  a  statuette,  and  some  fragments 
of  a  bronze  basso-relievo.  South  of  the 
town,  on  the  plain,  where  the  foundations 
of  numerous  Roman  houses  h«Te  been 


lately  found,  the  workmen  have  hit  upon 
another  mosaic  pavement,  and  the  frag- 
ment of  a  basso-relievo.  The  latter  is 
about  3  feet  square ;  one  of  the  figures  on 
it  is  that  of  Time,  which,  according  to  the 
Orphic  system,  is  represented  with  a 
lion*8  head  and  wings,  enveloped  by  a 
serpent,  and  ^holding  a  key  in  one  hand 
and  a  lyre  in  the  other.  By  his  side  is  an 
altar  with  a  flame  on  it,  and  above  is  a 
horse. 

La  Manchb, — M.  Langlois  of  Ronen, 
son  ofthe  late  eminent  antiquary,  has  been 
charged  with  the  making  of  a  complete 
series  of  drawings  and  historieal  noticw 
of  the  castellated  antiquities  of  the  arron* 
dissements  of  Cherbourg  and  Yalognei. 
They  will  form  the  baais  of  part  of  a  laiys 
work  on  the  antiquities  of  the  province  of 
Normandy. 

Makne. — At  Trefels,  near  Montmi- 
rail,  1 ,400  pieces  of  silver  coins  of  the 
reigns  of  Philippe  le  Bel,  and  Louis  la 
Hutin,  (1285—1316)  have  been  disoo« 
vered  under  the  foundations  of  an  okl 
house  recently  demolished. 

Pas  ds  Calais. — In  an  old  chest  of 
the  Mayor's  Office  at  St.  Omer,  there 
have  just  been  found  the  common  seal  sad 
counter  seal;  in  silver,  of  the  town  :  they 
are  of  the  13th  century.  Besides  them,  m 
private  seal,  the  die  of  the  money  stnaek 
at  St.  Omer  during  the  siege  in  l^SS^ 
and  other  objects  of  more  recent  daSa^ 

{>rincipally  of  the  time  of  the  great  Rero- 
ution,  have  been  found.    They  have  aU 
been  placeJ  in  the  town  museum. 

PuY  DB  DoiiB.— At  Martes  d'Artidvit 
near  Clermont  Ferrand,  a  commune  in 
which  a  great  number  of  Roman  anti* 
quitiea  have  been  found,  recent  ezcaTA* 
tions  have  turned  up  some  fine  pieces  of 
medieval  money  in  good  presenrttioM* 
Among  them  are  the  9oU  eoeroiMMilt  of 
Robert  Count  of  Provence,  King  of  Jeru- 
salem and  Sicily,  1309—1343 1  the  suae 
coins  of  ilia  successor  Jeanne,  CouateH 
of  Provence,  and  Queen  of  Jerusaleai  | 
the  silver  lions  of  Louis  II.  of  Malts, 
Count  of  Flanders,  1346—1384  i  a  silfw 
lion  of  Brabant,  of  the  same  time  sppe* 
rently  as  the  others,  with  the  legend  ifo* 
neta  Brtabnmt  and  on  the  reverse  by  tlie 
side  of  a  cross  SU  Nomen,  &c.,  under* 
neath  which  is  Jo.  Ihtjc.  Lot.  Brab.,  to- 
gether with  a  piece  of  Pope  Innocent  VI* 
1352,  who  was  74th  Bishop  of  Clermont* 
HiioNE. — The  ancient  church  of  the 
Cordeliers  at  Lyons  is  about  to  be  con- 
verted into  a  suocursal  chapel  for  one  of 
the  pariah  churches,  and  thoroughly  re- 
stored. It  was  erected  by  some  Floren- 
tines, after  the  designs  of  Midieel  Am« 
gelob 


52G 


[May, 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


PROCEEDINGS  IN  PARLIAMENT. 


House  of  Commons,  March  20. 

Lord  John  Russell  moved  the  third 
reading  of  the  Printed  Papers  Bill,  for 
the  protection  of  the  Privileges  of  Par- 
liament in  their  printed  papers.  —  Sir 
R.  H.  Inglis  moved  the  extension  of  pro- 
tection to  the  reprints  made  bv  news- 
papers, but  was  defeated.  The  Bill 
passed  after  a  division  of  i  10  to  40. 

Marches,    hovd  John  Russell  moveA 
for  leave  to  bring  in  a  Bill  for  settling 
the   political   constitution   of  Canada. 
He  observed  that  the  union  of  the  legis- 
lature of  the  two  provinces  was  a  measure 
which  would  not  have  been  expedient,  if 
repugnant  to  the  wishes  of  the  colonists 
themselves ;  but  they  bad  now  acceded 
to  the  principle  of  such  a   union,  leav- 
ing ,the  arrangement  of  its  details  to 
the    Imperial   Parliament.      The    evils 
which  a    union  would  cure  had  arisen 
from    various    causes — from   the  feudal 
laws,    from    the    mixed  tenures  of  the 
landsy   and  from  the  preponderance  of 
the  representatives  of  French  extraction 
—a  preponderance  which  had  given  them 
a  monopoly  of  the  legislation,  and  had 
amounted  to  a  practical  exclusion  of  the 
English  race.     Against  the  narrow  spirit 
thus  engendered  no  better  remedy  could 
be  devised  than  to  let  the  inhabitants  of 
both  provinces  send  members  to  an  As- 
sembly common  to  both,  the  effect  of 
which  measure  would  be  to  deprive  the 
French  majority  of  the  power  which  they 
had  so  ill  employed.     With  respect  to  the 
Legislative    Council,  or  Upper  House, 
the  Government  and  the  Imperial  Par- 
liament were  agreed  that  its  constitution 
ought  not  to  be  elective,  and  that  the 
seats  in  it  ought  to  be  for  life.  In  the  As- 
sembly, or  Lower  House,  he  proposed 
to  give  78  members,  or  39  for  each  pro- 
vince.    The  population  of  Upper  Canada 
was  indeed  less  numerous  at  present  than 
that  of  the  Lower  colony;     but  it  was 
increasing  so  rapidly,  that  it  bade  fair  to 
become    ere    long    the    majority.     The 
duration  of  the  Assembly  was  to  be  for 
four  years ;  and  the  qualification  a  value 
of  500/.  in  land.    Another  part  of  the 
plan  was  to  establish  municipal  govern- 
ments  for  local  districts,  with  powers  of 
local  taxation ;  and  measures  would  be 
taken  for  encouraging  emigration  by  faci* 


litating  moderate  grants  of  land  at  mode- 
rate prices.    The  most  important  point 
remaining  was  that  of  the  Cleigy  Reserves 
an  appropriation  made  under  an  act  of , 
Parliament,  of  one  seventh  of  the  lands, 
as  a  provision  for  the  church  in  lieu  of 
tithe.     The  LegisUture  of  Upper  Canada 
had  recently  passed  a  bill  upon  this  sub- 
ject.   They  had  not  been  willing  to  leave 
the  whole  of  these  reserves  to  the  churdies 
of  England  and  Scotland,  still  less  to  the 
church  of  England  alone ;  but  their  bill 
had  proposed  to  give  one  half  to  these 
two  established  churches,  and  distribute 
the  other  half  to  the  uses  of  the  varioas 
sects  existing  in  the  colony.     Whether 
or  not  this  arrangement  were  such  as  in 
the  abstract  he  should  have  approved,  he 
was  prepared,  now  that  he  found  it  had 
down  in  the  shape  of  a  bill,  to  advise  that 
it  should  be  sanctioned  by  the  Hoytl 
assent,  in  the  belief  that  it  would  restore 
peace  and  harmony. — Mr.  Hume  objected 
to  the  Noble  Lord's  plan  as  not  popoJar 
enough.  —  Sir   Robert   Inglis  and    Mr. 
Pakington  protested  against  the  Canadian 
Bill  for  the  appropqation  of  the  Clergy 
Reserves. — Sir  C.  Greyshottldlmvewished 
to  see  the  whole  of  the  Reserves  applied 
to   the    purposes    of    the    established 
churches,  and  grants  of  other  lands  con- 
ceded to  the  Dissenters.    Nevertheless, 
he  deprecated  the  interposition  of  the 
house  with  the  Crown  to  obtain  the  re- 
jection of  the  bill,  and  announced  his  in- 
tention  of   supporting  the  Government 
measure  in  general. — Sir  R,  Peel  thought, 
that,  until  the  House  could  see  the  Ca- 
nadian  Reserves  Bill,  and  the  bill  now 
proposed  by  Government,  dl  discussion 
would  be  premature. — Leave  was  given 
to  bring  in  the  bill. 

March  24.  Mr.  Law  Hodges  moved 
for  leave  to  bring  in  a  bill  to  render  ef- 
fective the  Constabulary  Forck  of 
England  and  Wales.  Its  principal  object 
is  to  enable  those  counties  which  do  not 
think  it  advisable  to  adopt  the  provisions 
of  the  Police  Act,  to  avail  themselves  of 
the  ancient  constabulary  force  of  the 
county,  and  to  establish  "  special  high* 
constables  '*  for  one  or  more  divisions  of 
a  county. — Leave  given. 

March  25.  Lord  Sianleg  moved  the 
second  reading  of  a  RsQxsTAAnoy  or 


1840.] 


Pttrliamentary  Proceedings. 


527 


Voters  (Ireland)  Bill. — Mr.  F.  French 
ituid  the  bill  would  curtail  the  elective 
franchise  when  it  ought  to  be  extended. 
It  would  throw  on  the  electors  the  onus 
of  defending  their  franchise  twice  every 
year,  and  subject  them  to  heavy  costs. 
He  also  objected  to  the  increase  of  duties 
which  the  bill  would  throw  on  the  judges, 
and  on  those  accounts  be  moved  that  it 
be  postponed  for  six  months. — Mr.  Hawet 
seconded  the  amendment.  —  Air.  Shaw 
supported  the  Bill.  Tl^  present  regis- 
t ration  continued  a  roan  on  the  registry 
for  eight  years,  and  produced  a  number 
of  liciitious  votes.  The  debate  was  con- 
tinued on  the  following  evening  ;  when  it 
was  closed  with  a  very  violent  harangue 
from  Mr.  O'ConnelL  On  a  division,  the 
second  reading  was  carried  by  a  majority 
of  2:i4  to21o. 

March  27.  Mr.  Hume  moved  for 
leave  to  bring  in  a  bill  to  suspend  the 
payment  of  the  Duke  of  Cumberland*! 
annuity  whilst  he  should  continue  King 
of  Hanover. — Lord  JoAji /2««tf// opposed 
it,  as  a  motion  to  take  away  an  annuity 
granted  for  life,  which  seems  to  comprise 
ull  that  it  can  be  necessary  to  observe  in 
answer.  After  a  short  debate,  the  mo- 
tion was  rejected  by  76  to  63;  majo- 
rity, l.'i. 

March  30.  In  Committee  of  Supply, 
I  iord  John  Ruuell  moved  the  considera- 
tion of  the  Queen's  message  for  confer- 
ring some  signal  mark  of  favour  on  Sir 
John  Colborne,  now  Lord  Skaton. 
Lord  John  enumerated  the  military  and 
other  sernces  of  that  distinguished  officer 
from  his  entrance  into  the  army  in  1794, 
und  proposed  a  pension  of  2,000/.  a  year 
tor  three  lives. — Sir  Robert  Peel  seconded 
the  motion,  and  observed  how  highly 
honourable  it  was  to  the  British  army, 
that  it  furnished  some  of  the  most  coh- 
spicuous  instances  of  civil  as  well  as  of 
Mjilitary  merit. — Mr.  Hume  opoosed  the 
Krant,  and  the  House  divided,  for  the 
^,Tant,  82  ;  against  it,  16;  majority,  66. — 
The  Hou<e  then  went  into  a  committee 
of  the  whole  house  on  the  Admiralty 
CoraT  (Ji'iMiKH)  Salary  Bill,  when  the 
Chairman  put  the  question,  '*  That  a 
yearly  salary  of  4,000/.  be  paid  to  the 
Judge  of  the  High  Court  of  Admiralty 
out  of  the  Consolidated  Fund  of  the 
L'nited  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland.** — Mr.  Hume  objected  to  the 
amount,  and  proposed  that  it  be  reduced 
to.'MNN)/.— Lord  JoAn  RuMMell  said  that 
the  amount  of  salarv  was  extremely  irre- 
gular. At  present  it  was  not  more  than 
:{,()00/.  but  in  case  of  a  war  it  would 
amount  to  7,000/.  or  H»000/.     J'bU  was 


too  much,  and  therefore  it  was  proposed 
to  give  an  uniform  salary,  and  to  fix  that 
salary  at  4,000/.  The  situation  was  one 
of  the  highest  importance,  requirinff  to 
be  filled  by  a  person  of  the  highest  abili- 
ties and  the  very  first  legal  attainments. 
It  could  not,  then,  be  expected  that  a  man 
should  abandon  a  lucrative  practice,  as 
in  this  instance  he  must  do,  for  a  lets 
sum  than  that  proposed.  The  House 
divided,  for  the  resolution,  86;  against  it, 
17:  majority,  69. 

March  31.  Mr.  Pakington  moved  the 
second  reading  of  the  Bekr  Bill. — Mr. 
Alston  proposed  that  it  be  read  a  second 
time  that  day  six  months. — Mr.  Darbf 
supported  the  Bill,  and  contended  that 
the  crimes  which  were  committed  in 
Beer-Kouses,  and  the  evils  resulting  from 
their  existence,  would  not  be  prevented 
by  the  most  efficient  police  that  could  be 
established.  It  was  well  known  that  the 
low  Beer-houses  were  kept  by  men  of 
the  very  worst  character — men  not  pes- 
sessing  a  single  shilling  in  the  world,  and 
who  were,  in  fact,  the  mere  servanu  of  the 
brewers. — The  Chancellor  of  the  Bxche* 
auer  would  not  oppose  the  second  reading, 
but  said  that  the  subject  was  one  of  mucli 
difficulty  to  legishite  upon. — After  an 
extended  conversation,  the  House  di« 
vided.  For  the  second  reading,  110; 
against  it,  30 ;  majority,  80. 

April  1.  Mr.  VilUere  moved  for  « 
Committee  to  take  into  consideration  the 
Act  9  Geo.  1 V.  regulating  the  importa-* 
tion  of  foreign  Corn.  He  implored  the 
majority  who  passed  the  bold  vote  of 
refusal  in  the  last  session  to  review  that 
decision.  The  law  had  worked  ill  e?cn 
for  the  agriculturists  themselves,  for 
whose  advantage  it  %vas  intended ;  it  had 
oppressed  the  working  cUimmm,  and  it  bed 
added  to  the  burdens  of  the  countrr* 
The  present  law  was  the  great  obstade 
to  an  arrangement  with  the  com«^rowiDf 
countries  of  Germanv  for  such  a  niodi'* 
fication  of  their  tariff  as  would  be  lugbl^ 
favourable  to  the  extension  of  Bntish 
nwnufactures.  If  the  existing  system 
were  to  be  maintained  it  would  be  im« 
possible  to  impose  any  new  tax  whidi 
should  be  borne  by  the  people  at  large ; 
the  only  one  at  all  practicable  under  sodi 
circumstances  would  be  a  tax  on  property 
to  indemnify  them  a  little  for  the  impoat 
on  their  food. — Lord  Darlington  was  the 
first  to  speak  in  opposition  to  the  mo* 
tion,  and  Mr.  Grote  followed  in  its  &« 
vour ;  and  the  debste  was  continued 
during  the  two  following  evenings.  At 
a  late  hour  on  the  .3rd  April,  Mr.  JVmr* 
burton  moved  another  adjournment  of  the 


528 


Parliameniary  TroeetHngg* 


[M«y. 


debate,  which  on  a  division  was  negatived 
by  245  against  129,  majority  116.  The 
same  hon.  member  then  moved,  'Hhat 
the  House  do  now  adjourn,*' and  the  pro- 
position was  carried  without  a  division. — 
The  effect  of  this  result  is,  that  the 
whole  discussion  fell  to  the  ground,  like  a 
*^  dropped  order,"  and  is  expected  to  be 
brought  on  again  after  Easter. 

House  of  Lords,  April  6. 
The  Lord  Chancellor  moved  the  se- 
cond reading  of  the  Printed  Papers 
Bill. — Lord  Denman  thought  their  lord- 
ships would  consult  the  public  interest 
by  acceding  to  the  motion  of  his  noble 
and  learned  friend.  His  lordship  in  an 
able  and  manly  manner  vindicated  the 
constitutional  law  of  the  kingdom,  and 
trusted  he  had  said  enough  to  prove  that 
the  Court  of  Queen's  Bench  had  done 
nothing  which  deserved  to  be  visited  with 
any  kind  of  stigma;  for  he  could  not 
help  thinking  that,  however  their  lord- 
ships might  exercise  the  highest  of  all 
tiieir  attributes,  that  of  wise  legislation, 
those  attributes  would  "be  appealed  to  in 
vain,  if  privilege  were  allowed  to  super- 
sede  the  law,  or  if  the  laws,  when  made, 
were  not  to  be  carried  into  execution  by 
fearless  and  independent  judges. — Vis- 
count Melbourne  and  the  Duke  of  WeU 
lington  concurred  in  recommending  a 
fiivourable  consideration  of  the  Bill,  which 
was  read  a  second  time. — The  first  Clause 
provides  that  proceedings,  criminal  or 
d^,  against  persons  for  publication  of 
papers  printed  by  order  of  Parliament, 
shall  be  stayed  upon  delivery  of  a  certifi- 
cate and  affidavit  to  the  effect  that  such 
publication  is  by  order  of  either  House 
of  Parliament.  The  second  enacts  that 
proceedings  shall  be  stayed  when  com- 
menced in  respect  of  a  copy  of  an  authen- 
ticated report,  &c.  (This  applies  to  all 
parties,  the  publishers  of  newspapers,  &c.) 
The  last  declares  that  nothing  herein  con- 
tained shall  be  deemed  or  taken,  directly 
or  indirectly,  to  affect  the  privileges  of 
Parliament  in  any  manner  whatsoever. 

In  the  House  or  Commons  on  the 
same  day,  Lord  John  Russell  moved 
the  second  reading  of  the  Ecclesiastical 
Duties  and  Revenues  Bill. — Sir  Ro- 
hert  Inglis  opposed  the  motion,  and  moved 
that  it  be  read  a  second  time  that  day  six 
months. — Sir  Robert  Peel  supported  the 
Bill  from  a  conviction  that  a  great  effort 
was  necessary  on  the  part  of  this  country 
to  remedy  the  sj)iritual  destitution  of  the 
people,  and  that  this  effort  would  not  be 
induced  without  an  example  set  by  the 
Church  herself,  of  making  some  sacrifice 
10 


from  her  higher  incomes  to  supply  the 
wants  of  religious  instruction.  After 
some  further  discussion.  Lord  John  JtM- 
sell  said  there  were  two  msin  grounds  on 
which  such  a  measure'  might  properly  be 
said  to  rest — the  expediency  of  amending 
defects  which  time  had  allowed  to  ereep 
into  the  cathedral  system,  and  the  neces- 
sity of  providing  resources  to  meet  the 
admitted  dearth  of  spiritual  instmction. 
It  was  not  his  plan  to  attach  ^Muochial 
duties  to  all  thft  preferments  with  which 
this  Act  would  deal.  Some  clergymen 
were  peculiarly  qualified  by  leal,  elo- 
quence, and  popular  address  to  produce 
great  effects,  both  in  the  pulpit  and  in 
private  exhortation,  among  the  parishion- 
ers of  a  large  district.  Others,  who  pos- 
sessed not  these  gifts,  were  yet  capable 
of  equallv  serving  the  cause  oi  religion  in 
another  department,  by  able  and  learned 
writings.  The  latter  class  of  men,  as 
well  as  the  former,  should  find  some  pro- 
vision in  our  Church.  The  House  di- 
vided, for  the  second  reading,  87;  for 
the  amendment,  11. 

April  7.  Sir  Jamn  Orakam  opened 
the  debate  on  his  motion  of  CEKSUftK  oH 
Ministers  respecting  the  aflhirs  of  China. 
Adverting  to  the  nugnitude  of  the  in- 
terests now  affected,  he  said,  that  one- 
sixth  of  our  whole  commeroal  revenue 
depended  on  the  maintenance  of  our  re- 
lations with  China.  It  would  be  unwise 
to  deceive  ourselves  by  adopting  the  vul- 
gar notion  of  her  weakness.  She  had 
350,000,000  of  people,  directed  br  one 
man,  with  one  language,  one  code  of  laws, 
one  religion,  one  national  feeling,  a  fertile 
and  well-watered  soil,  and  an  annual 
revenue  of  60,000,000/.  unencumbered  by 
debt.  The  East  India  Company,  while 
it  possessed  the  trade,  had  been  careful 
in  its  injunction  of  forbearance  to  Its 
supercargoes ;  but  since  the  openingof 
the  trade,  that  had  been  abandoned.  The 
recommendation  of  the  Duke  of  Welling- 
ton left  in  the  Foreign  Office  bad  been 
disregarded  by  Lord  Palmerston,  and 
other  suggestions  for  the  prevention  of 
smuggling  were  unheeded.  The  result 
was  we  were  now  engaged  in  a  war  of 
which  the  circumstances  were  as  formid- 
able as  the  stake  was  important.  He 
submitted  the  following  motion : — *<  That 
it  appears  to  this  House,  on  considenition 
of  the  papers  relating  to  China,  presented 
to  this  House  by  command  ol:  her  Ma- 
jesty, that  the  interruption  in  our  eom- 
mercial  and  friendly  intercourse  with  that 
country,  and  the  hostilities  which  have 
since  taken  pUice,  are  mainly  to  be  attri- 
buted to  the  want  of  foresigbt  and  pre- 
caution on  the  part  of  her  Majesty^  pre. 


18-100 


Parliamentary  Proceedings. 


529 


sent  advisers,  in  respect  to  our  relations 
with  Cl.irui,  and  especiully  to  their  neglect 
to  furni.>ii  the  Superintendunt  at  (\inton 
with  powers  and  instruetions  calculated 
to  provide  against  the  growing  evils  con- 
nected with  the  contralmnd  traffitr  in 
o])iuni.  and  adapted  to  the  novel  and  dif- 
lirnlt  situation  in  which  the  Superinten- 
dent was  placed." — Mr.  Macaulay  congra- 
tulated himself  and  bis  colleagues,  that 
the  charge  against  the:n  had  nut  been 
stronger.  It  was  wholly  retrospective, 
and  alleged  no  blame  but  that  of  omission. 
It  was  impossible,  even  in  this  country, 
with  the  aid  of  the  whole  preventive  ser- 
vice, to  put  down  smuggling.  He  feared 
that  too  many  were  disposed  to  vote  on 
this  (piotion,  as  if  the  armament  had 
been  undertaken  to  sustain  a  trade  in 
opium.  It  was  not  for  that  pur})ose  that 
a  force  had  been  sent  out,  but  for  the 
redress  of  instdts  and  injuries  no  longer 
endurable. — Sir  William  FoUett  sup- 
ported the  motion,  and  Sir  George  Staun- 
ton o[)posed  it.  The  debate  was  con- 
tinued during  three  nights,  and  termi- 
nated in  the  following  division  :  for  the 
motion,  '2C)V,  against  it  273;  majority  fur 
Ministers,  J). 

April  \A,  Lord  Jo  An  BtmseU  moved 
that  the  Lords'  amendments  to  the 
I*KiNTi  n  Paitus  Uif.l  he  considered. 
The  amendments  had  not  in  any  degree 
varied  the  object  of  the  i3ill.  but  had  va- 
ried it  in  thi"-  respect,  that,  instead  of  the 
certificHte  going  from  the  Speaker  of  that 
or  the  other  Ilou^ic  of  Parliament  to  the 
(»fhccr  of  the  court,  it  should  be  produced 
before  the  ctiurt  itself.  The  clause  with 
re^-pect  to  ai'tions  now  pending  had  been 
left  out  of  the  Hill,  and  therefore  in  the 
actions  that  had  lieen  commenced  against 
thi-  Serjeant-at-Arms  he  would  plead. 
He  propoM'd  that  these  amendments 
*.houhi  Ik?  agreed  to. — The  Solieitor^Ue' 
nrrtil  s:iid  the  Hill  came  luick  ten  times 
more  f)b)ectionable,  currying  every  objec- 
(ion  to  the  extreme;  doing  that  which 
wa-  profcNhed  to  l>e  disclaimed,  and  if 
|»a«*>ed  into  a  law  the  privileges  of  the 
(otnuions  of  England  were  ut  an  end. 
The  object  of  the  alteraticm  made  in  the 
Lords  was  to  compel  the  House  of  Com- 
mons to  appear  Iwforc  a  court  of  law, 
uheie  they  oucht  not  to  appear.  The 
Huu-e  had  suffered  by  ap[N>aring  there 
already,  and  he  must  hny  that  the  House 
of  Cotnnionrt,  tor  the  first  time  in  parlia- 
mentary hi<(tory,  exhibited  its  imbecility 
to  suHtain  the  rights  of  the  people,  by 
vanrtioning  the  juriMliction  of  the  courts 
of  law  un  the  question  of  its  privileges. — 


The  Attorney-General  said,  be  thought 
that  the  amendments  proposed  by  the 
House  of  Lords  ought  to  be  agreed  to. 
Tlie  House  had  been  })laced  in  a  difficul- 
tv,  from  which  the  present  Bill  relieved 
them,  and  he  had  no  apprehension,  that 
when  the  occasion  should  present  itself, 
the  House  would  fail  to  exercise  iti  jurit- 
diction.  With  the  judges  there  was  no 
discretionary  power  :  by  the  Bill  they  per- 
formed duties  purely  ministerial,  and  if 
they  refused  to  perform  them  they  coald 
be  impeached.  It  was  the  act  of  the 
House,  and  not  the  judge,  which  termi- 
nated the  action. — Sir  Robert  Peel  said  the 
Lords  had  shown  a  sincere  desire  to 
co-operate  with  the  Commons  in  tbe 
mainteiuince  of  the  privilege  asserted,  fend 
had  clogged  their  consent  with  no  iniid- 
missible  conditions.  It  was  most  mate- 
rial to  obsen-e,  that  they  had  retained  tbe 
preamble,  whereby  both  Houses  now  eon- 
curred  in  affirming  the  general  principle  of 
that  privilege.  He  did  not  regret  tbtt 
the  privilege  bad  been  asserted  by  tbe 
proceedings  of  this  House  itself;  but  be 
much  preferred  the  powers  wbicb  btd 
now  been  wisely  asked  of  the  Legiilft- 
ture.— The  House  divided,  and  tbeamend- 
ments  agreed  to  by  a  majority  of  68  to  88. 

The  C'AVAnA  Govrrnment  BiLLWte 
read  a  second  time  without  a  division. 

April  15.  Mr.  Hume^  having  oppoeed 
every  stage  of  Lord  SeATOK*R  Annvity 
Bill,  again  renewed  his  opposition  on 
the  third  reading,  both  on  the  score  of 
economy  and  on  the  ground  of  Lord  Sea- 
ton's  conduct  in  Canada.  lie  moved  tbat 
the  Bill  should  be  read  a  third  time  on 
that  day  six  months. — Lord  John  BumM 
said  that  the  frequent  discussion  wbicb 
hid  alr(>ady  taken  pUce  on  the  subject  of 
Lord  Seaton*K  services,  and  the  estimRtioo 
in  which  they  were  generally  held  t^per* 
sons  of  all  political  parties,  made  it  need- 
less for  him  now  to  enter  into  a  debate  on 
Mr.  Hume's  allegations. — Mr.  Hartfiaid 
that  he  would  not  discuss  the  merit!  of 
Lord  Seaton  ;  but  tbat  he  should  vote  for 
the  rejection  of  the  Bill,  because  be 
thought  the  grant  of  pensions  to  peen  for 
three  lives  involved  injurious  conao- 
queiirps,  as  tending  to  the  mtroductioii  of 
persons  into  the  peerage  whose  inconee 
were  not  adequate  to  toe  maintenance  of 
the  dignity. — The  House  divided,  and  tho 
numl>ers  were — Fur  the  third  reading,  77 1 
ttgninnt  it,  17 — majority  60. — Tbe  Dill 
was  then  read  a  third  time  and  passed. 

On  the  l.'ith  April  Parliament  Mraa  ad 
j  oumed  over  the  Kn?»ter  recess  to  tbe  89i 
instant. 


Ge.nt.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


530 


FOREIGN  NEWS. 


FRANCE. 

The  new  Premier,  M.  Thiers,  has 
achieved  a  great  triumph  in  the  Chamber 
of  Depiitic!*.  The  debate  on  the  secret 
service  fund  closed  on  the  26th  March, 
and  a  division  took  place  on  un  amend- 
ment proposed  by  M.  Dangerville  to  re- 
duce  the  sum  by  100,000  francs ;  when 
there  appeared — For  the  amendment,  158; 
against  it,  261;  Majority,  103.  The 
chiuses  of  the  bill  were  next  carried  pro 
forma,  and  then  the  important  question 
was  put  on  the  totality  of  the  bill,  when 
there  appeared — Ayes,  2-k> ;  noes,  160; 
majority,  86.  This  is,  perhaps,  one  of 
the  greatest  triumphs  that  a  minister  in 
the  difficult  position  of  M.  Thiers  could 
aecure.  The  result  is  far  beyond  his 
warmest  expectations,  or  that  of  his 
friends.  Toe  announcement  of  the  divi- 
sion  was  received  in  the  Chamber  with 
enthusiastic  cheering,  while  out  of  doors 
the  effect  produced  by  the  welcome  news 
of  the  King's  defeat,  as  it  is  generally  re- 
garded, was  even  more  striking,  and  the 
funds  rose  immediately.  An  unwonted 
activity  has  been  observed  in  the  several 
departments  of  State,  and  M.  Thiers  has 
obtained  high  popularity,  and  gained  ere- 
dit  for  much  tulent  and  sound  judgment. 

NAPLES. 

In  1816,  a  treaty  was  concluded  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  Naples,  by 
which  all  British  subjects,  resident  in  the 
Neapolitan  territories,  were  permitted  to 
buy  and  dispose  of  property,  particularly 
such  as  were  at  that  time  in  possession  of 
any  sulphur  mines,  or  who  should  become 
proprietors  or  lessees.  In  the  face  of 
this  stipulation  the  King  of  Naples, 
about  two  years  ago,  sold  an  exclusive 
monopoly  of  all  the  sulphur  in  Sicily  to  a 
company  of  French  merchants,  and  there- 
upon issued  an  edict,  by  which  he  com- 
manded all  the  sulphur-mine  proprietors 
in  Sicily,  including  the  British  residents, 
to  limit  the  production  of  their  sulphur 
mines  to  six  hundred  thousand  pounds 
per  annum,  and  to  deliver  and  sell  the 
whole  of  this  quantity,  at  a  price  fixed  by 
the  government,  to  the  French  company 
or  to  their  order  only.  Mr.  Temple,  our 
minister  at  Naples,  was  ordered  to  make 
the  necessary  remonstrance,  and  to  re- 
quire that  the  monopoly  should  be  im- 
mediately revoked  and  cancelled,  so  far 
at  least  us  regarded  British  subjects;  but 
having  received  only  evasive  and  unsal 
tisfactory    answers,   be  was   instructed, 


about  the  middle  of  March,  to  require  im- 
mediate satisfaction ;  and  on  the  2d  April 
he  informed  the  English  merchants  that 
**  circumstances  have  arisen  which  may 
very  probably  oblige  the  naval  forces  of 
her  Alajesty  to  exercise  reprisals  against 
vessels  navigating  under  Neapolitan  co- 
lours.*' On  the  7th  April  a  steamer  was 
sent  to  Admiral  Stopford,  with  instnic- 
tions  to  blockade  the  Neapolitan  ports ;  the 
next  day  the  Sardinian  Ambassaaoroffered 
his  mediation,  and  proposed,  as  a  system 
of  mutual  concession,  that  the  King  of 
Naples  should  annul  Uie  sulphur  contract, 
and  that  England  should  submit  the  ques- 
tion of  indemnity  to  the  arbitration  of  a 
third  power.  The  French  government 
has  undertaken  the  office  of  mediator,  or, 
in  other  words,  that  of  bringing  the  King 
of  Naples  to  his  senses,  by  giving  him  a 
very  intelligible  intimation  of  the  certain 
consequences  of  his  refusal.  It  appears 
that  Mr.  Temple  remains  very  quietly  at 
bis  post,  and  no  doubt  is  entertained  but 
that  the  matter  will  end  in  the  abolition 
of  the  monopoly,  and  a  just  reparation 
being  made  to  such  of  our  English  mer- 
chants as  are  sufferers. 

SPAIN. 

On  the  9th  April  the  Queen  accepted 
the  resignation  of  the  Ministers  of  Ma- 
rine, of  the  Interior,  and  of  War.  The 
first  has  been  replaced  by  M.  Sotela,  suh- 
secretary  of  that  department ;  the  second, 
by  M.  Armendarix,  a  deputy;  and  the 
last,  provisionally,  by  M.  Serzagary,  tub- 
secretary.  The  ministry  of  finance  has 
been  entrusted  to  M.  Santilhm,  a  deputy. 
These  selections  partake  the  opinions  of 
the  majority. 

The  sixtD  and  seventh  battalions  of  the 
Carlists  of  Anigon  were  surprised  and  de- 
stroyed by  Colonel  Zurbano,  on  the  6th 
April,  at  Petrarque.  419  officers  and 
soldiers  were  taken  prisoners. 

The  surrender  of  CasteUote,  a  Carlist 
fortress,  has  also  caused  great  emltation 
to  the  Christine  party.  The  eAege  had 
been  protracted  for  several  weeks,  the  gar- 
rison having  held  out  to  the  last  extre- 
mity. However,  the  spirit  of  Cariitm  is 
decidedly  on  the  increase  in  Navarre  and 
Biscay,  and  there  is  every  reason  to  ex- 
pect that  the  civil  war  wiU  not  terminate 
with  the  present  year. 

HANOVER. 

The  Hanover  Gazette  of  the  18th 
March  states,  that  the  King  reoeivod  all 


1840.] 


Fortign  News. 


531 


the  court  on  the  day  before,  the  50th 
anniversarv  of  his  entering  the  trmy,  and 
distributed  numerous  decorations  to  offi- 
cers. He  has  created  12  Grand  Crosses, 
8  Commanders,  and  11  Knights  of  the 
Order  of  the  Ouelphs.  Pmssia,  Bruns- 
wick, and  Mecklenburgh  hare  had  each 
their  share  in  these  royal  fiivours.  The 
promotions  in  the  army  were  nnmeroiis. 
A  deputation  from  the  officers  of  all  the 
regiments  presented  in  their  name  an 
equestrian  statue  of  his  Bf^esty  in  sU? er, 
iu  testimony  of  their  gratitnde  and  attach- 
ment. 

The  project  of  a  new  constitution  has 
been  submitted  to  the  Chambers.  The 
composition  of  the  Chambers  is  scarcely 
at  all  modified,  so  that  it  is,  in  fact,  but  a 
repetition  of  the  constitution  of  1819. 
Tne  new  constitution  reserves  to  the 
King  the  management  of  the  state  pro« 
perty  and  private  domains,  which  were 
given  up  to  the  public  revenue  by  die 
more  recent  reforms. 

CHIVA. 

The  much  talked  of  Russian  enaditlon 
against  Chiva  has  totally  ftdledl  The 
troops  had  not  seen  an  enemy,  execpt  in 
the  skirmishes  which  have  already  been 
mentioned ;  but  notwithstanding  the  ez« 
treme  care  with  which  this  expedition 
was  prepared  and  directed^  it  was  iinpoa-> 
Bible  to  withstand  the  inclemency  of  the 
climate.  Storms  and  snow  prevail  in 
such  a  degree,  that  even  the  camp  in 
which  General  Perowsky  bad  taken  re- 
fuge  to  wait  for  a  change  in  the  weather, 
was  not  tenable,  and  the  whole  se- 
dition was  obliged  to  be  given  up.  Wbat 
loss  the  troops  nave  suffered  is  noc  known : 
but  the  greater  part  of  the  camels  on  which 
the  expedition  depended  have  pefisbed. 
Thcgcneral-in-chiefrenuired  lOOOcaneb 
to  be  sent  in  all  haste  from  Arenbuig,  in 
order  to  convey  the  sick  and  the  baggsgr, 
and  even  the  corps  itself,  back  totfiat 
town. 

INDIA. 

The  French  accounts  from  Poodi- 
chernr  contain  numerous  dettdb  of  a 
dreadful  hurricane  and  inundation  of  the 
sea  on  that  coast  at  the  baginniiig  of 
IKicember.  The  foree  of  the  wind  was 
such  as  had  never  before  been  witneased 
tliere,  and  the  inroad  of  the  sea  was  dread- 
ful beyond  description.  Upwards  of 
10,000  corpses  had  oeen  found,  but  many 
thousands  more  bad,  no  doubt,  been 
washed  away.  So  many  bodies  Iving 
unburied  had  caused  a  pestilence,  ami  the 
condition  of  the  survivors,  wbo  bad  lost 


moat  of  tbeirpcoMrty,  was  ezceedinigly 
distressing.  The  British  autboritiea  luid 
settlers  had  shown  the  greatest  kindnaaa 
to  the  FVench  sufferers ;  but  the  ftctoir 
and  the  town  of  ITanaon,  which  alone  baa 
lost  1,500  inhabitants,  could  not  reeofer 
from  such  a  calamity  for  a  great  many 
years.  TbeGovemni«iteiiest,andmNt 
of  the  public  records,  had  been  pruaijnai. 
As  instances  of  the  extensive  seale  «ni 
which  this  great  natural  calamity  aelid» 
it  is  mentioiied  that  at  Talarivou«  ooe 
house  in  which  400  persona  had  takan 
refuge,  was  blown  down,  and  moat  of 
them  killed;  while  at  MaUavofUM,  a 
village  on  the  Enclish  territory,  only  19 
were  saved  out  of  8,000  inhabitants. 

In  oonseouenoe  of  a  letter  writtm  hf 
the  chief  of  Koonoor,  statins  his  intn- 
tion,  if  the  Russians  were  advandng^  to 
join  them,  Sir  Willouc^by  Cotton  oiw 
dered  a  military  force  to  attack  the  Ibr- 
tress  of  Peshoot,  about 40  miles  N.N.B. 
of  Candabar,  in  which  that  ehiefhin  bad 
taken  his  position.  Accordiiifly  at  4qr* 
break  on  the  I8tb  Jan.  the  attack  was 
made  by  a  force  under  the  eomnuuid  of 
Lieut-Col.  Orchard,  C.B.  Gapt.  Ab- 
bott and  lieut.  Pigott  succeeded,  alter 
two  hours' firing,  in  battering  down  tho 
outer  gate;  and  they  than  made  two  oU 
tempts  to  blow  up  the  inner  gati^  bot 
from  the  heavy  rain  that  fell,  and  the  bai 
quality  of  the  (Indian)  gunpowder,  Iht 
expkMon  did  not  tase  pbee.  OoL 
Orchard  then,  as  the  fort  is,  horn  h» 
position,  alffloat  unaasalhdile,  and  a  da* 
structive  fire  was  kept  up  by  the  ganlMMi 
withdrew  his  troops  about  half-past  11. 
A.M.  The  chief  afterwards  fiafatoi 
the  fortress  and  fied  to  the  bills,  and  tho 
detachment  took  possession  in  the  rmrii^ 
The  loss  of  the  British  was  severe,— fk. 
05  men  killed  and  wounded :  aoMMfAo 
huter  were  Lieots.  CoUinson,  of  the  mb, 
and  Hicks,  European  R^gioMOti  «ko 
are  recovering. 

AMIUUCA. 

On  the  11th  Feb.  the  St.  Lods  Ks- 
change  at  New  Orleans  was  destioyoi 
by  fire.  This  ExchsMe,  with  ita  n^f- 
nifieent  done,  cost  1,70IMX)0  doUm  aM 
it  was  under  mortgage  for  1,400^^)0  M. 
lars.  The  Improvement  Bank,  to  wUA 
the  building  belonged,  has  in  circolaltavi 
some  OOOtOOOdolkrs  in  bills,  and  aeara^jr 
any  specie  on  band.  The  Orleana  !■• 
surance  Company,  and  the  Ph(Bnlx»  of 
London,  bad  small  risks.  Tbo  Rot— fc 
was  the  most  msgnificciit  stnactuio  of  tbt 
kind  Iu  the  Union. 


53'i 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


At  the  Spring  Ad&iirs  scvcriil  of  the 
disturber*  ot  the  public  peace  have  been 
overtaken  byrrtributive  justice.  At  I'orjtt 
on  the  )^8th  March,  sentence  was  passed 
on  the  Chartists   couvicted  of  seditious 
oonspimcy,  riot,  and  using  seditious  lan- 
guage, at  Sheffield,  Bradford,  Barnsley, 
&c.      The    Shejfield    Chartist,    Samuel 
Holbcrry,  wmn  sentenced  to  l>e  imprison- 
ed in  the  gaol  of  Northallerton  for  four 
years,  and  at  the  expiration  of  that  period 
to  be  bound,  himiiclf  in  bOi,  and  two 
sureties  in  10/.  each,  to  keep  the  peace 
towards  her  Mi^est^-'s  subjects ;  Thomas 
Booker,  to  be  imprisoned  for  three  years ; 
Wm.  Booker,  his  son,  twoycais;  James 
Duffy,  three  years  ;  William    Wells,  one 
year ;    John    jVIarshall,    Thomus    Pen- 
tborpe,  and  Joseph  Bennison,  otherwise 
Benton,  two  years;    Wm.   Martin,  one 
year.     The  Bradford  Churtists,  Robert 
Feddie,  Wm.  Brooke,   Thomas  Drake, 
and  Paul  Ilolds\A>orth,  to  be  imprisoned 
for  three  years.    The  Barnsley  Chartists, 
Peter  Hoye,  John  Crabtree,  and  William 
Ashton,  to  two  years  imprisonment.    All 
are  also  to  enter  into  recognizances  for 
their  future  behaviour. 

At  the  same   Assizes,  Mr.   Feargus 
O'Connor  was  convicted  of  having  pub- 
lished, on  the  13th  and  20th  of  July  last, 
in  the  Northern  Star  newspaper,  of  which 
be  was   the  editor  and  proprietor,  sedi- 
tious libels,  inciting  to  insurrection,  and 
to  induce  her  Majesty's  subjects  to  dis- 
obey the  law,  in  order  to  lead  to  a  viola- 
tion of  the  public  peace. — On  the  30th 
March  Vincent  and  Edwards  were  con- 
victed at  Monmouth  of  a  conspiracy  to 
effect  great  changes  in  the  government  by 
illegal  means,  and  of  unlawful  assembly. 
Mr.  Baron  Gurney  sentenced  Vincent  to 
be  imprisoned  for  twelve  months,  and 
Edwards  for  fourteen  ;  to  give  sureties 
for  five  years,  themselves  in  500/.,  and 
two  in  100/.  each.     Both  defendants  are 
in  custody,  under  a  sentence  at  Inst  as- 
sizes ;  this  sentence  will  detain  Vincent 
eight   months,   and    Edwards    thirteen, 
after  the  expiration  of  the  former  sentence. 
—On  the  1st  April,  at  Warwick^  Brown, 
the    Bull-ring  orator,    and    "  delegate" 
from    Birmingham    to    the    **  National 
Convention,"  was  convicted  of  sedition, 
and  sentenced  to  18  months'  imprison, 
mcnt.     In  the  cases   of  Julian   Harney 
and  Henry  Wilkes,  whose  trials  had  been 
postponed,  no   evidence  was  offered,  it 
having  been  agreed  that  if,  in  the  interim, 
they  conducted  themselves  properly  they 
should  be  acquitted. 

March  23  and  24.  The  village  of  Jbr  J- 
infftOHf  adjoining  Porchester,  was  the  scene 


of  two  devastating  fires,  which  were  at* 
tended  with  very  great  destruction  of  pro- 
perty, particularly  amongst  the  poor  in- 
oabitanu.  The  first  broke  out  in  the 
chimney  of  a  brewhouse,  attached  to  the 
residence  of  Mr.  Elliott,  which  soon  ex- 
tended to  six  other  houses,  covered  with 
thatch ;  all  of  which  were  speedily  con- 
sumed.  That  on  the  next  day  broke  out 
in  the  chimney  of  a  house  occupied  by 
Mr.  Short,  a  carpenter  :  before  the 
ilames  could  be  subdued,  46  tbatcbed 
houses  caught  fire ;  all  of  whick  were  de- 
stroyed. These  calamities  rendered  about 
100  families,  comprising  more  than  250 
individuals,  entirely  homeless. 

A2)ril\.  The  ceremony  of  laying  the 
first  stone  of  a  new  wing  to  8t.  Thomm$*$ 
Hospital  was  performed  by  Alderman 
Sir  John  Cowan,  Bart.,  assisted  by  Abel 
Chapman,  esq.  Treasurer  to  the  Ho8« 
pital,  and  the  Governors. 

April  12.  The  Theatre  Royal,  Ckn-k, 
was  burned  to  the  ground.  The  house 
is  a  complete  skeleton,  and  the  loss  of 
property  very  great. 

By  the  intended  inclosure  of  More- 
combe  Bay,  and  the  Duddon  Sands,  on  the 
Lancashire  coast,  fifty-two  thousand  acres 
of  land  will  be  reclaimed,  which  will  form 
two  of  the  most  beautiful  vallejrs  in  the 
Luke  district  of  eighty-three  square  miles. 
The  sands,  being  composed  almost  en- 
tirely of  calcareous  matter,  washed  from 
the  surrounding  lime -stone,  are  capable 
of  being  formed  into  the  most  fertile  soil 
for  agriculture.  The  land  proposed  to  be 
reclaimed  will  form  an  area  of  half  the 
size  of  Rutlandshire ;  and  calculating  one 
individual  for  two  acres,  will  accommo- 
date a  population  of  26,()00,  being  about 
half  the  number  of  the  present  popalation 
of  the  counties  of  Huntingdon  and  West- 
rooriand,  and  5000  more  than  that  of  Rut- 
land. It  would  be  about  equal  in  popu- 
lation and  extent  to  the  adjacent  district 
of  Lonsdale  North,  which  is  a  penlDsula 
lying  between  the  two  bays  of  More- 
camoe  and  the  Duddon,  on  which  stond 
the  ancient  ruins  of  Furness  Abbey,  and 
is  also  a  rich  agricultural  and  manu&e- 
turing  district,  abounding  with  slate,  iron, 
and  copper  mines. 

The  New  Postage, — The  Lords  of  the 
Treasury  have  fixed  the  6th  of  May  for 
the  day  when  the  postage  stamps  are  to 
come  into  use.  The  issue  of  toe  stamps 
will,  in  the  first  instance,  begin  in  L<Nidon, 
and  be  extended  as  speedily  as  practicable 
throughout  the  whole  of  the  kingdom ;  but 
letters,  properly  stamped,  posted  in  any 
part  of  the  kingdom,  will  pass  free. 
The  stamps  will  be  purcbMeaUa  at 


18-10.] 


The  New  Postage  Stamps. 


533 


every  post-office  in  London,  and  of  all  li- 
censed vendors  of  stamps.  Stamps  of  two 
prices  will  be  issued — penny  and  two- 
penny. The  penny  stanr.pswill  be  printed 
in  fjlock,  the  twopenny  in  blue  ink.  Ac 
e:u*h  side  of  the  covers  directions  respect- 
ing the   rates  of  postage,  the  prices  of 


very  ample  guarantee    against    forgery. 
The  adhesive  stamp  has  the  advantage  of 

Eortability  and  lightness.  They  may  also 
c  sent  as  payment  for  pence  or  trifling 
sums.  The  artists  employed  are  Mul. 
ready,  Wyon,  Thompson,  and  Heath; 
and  the  Penny  Post  will  spread  models  of 


stam{)s,   &c.  arc  given.     The  prices  of     beauty  over  the  whole  face  of  the  coun- 


s tamps  are  as  follows: — 

At  a  Post^ffice,  Labels  Id.  and  2d. 
each.     Covers  Ijd.  and  2id.each. 

At  n  Stamp. distributor's,  as  above,  or 
as  follows  : — 

Hal r  ream,  or  240  penny  covers,  U.  2s. 
•U].,  f)enny  envelopes  1/.  Is.  9d. 

Quarter-ream,  or  120  twopenny  covers, 
W.  Is.  Id.,  twopenny  envelones  W.  !»•  Id. 

At  the  Starn[»-offices  in  London,  Dub- 
lin, and  Edinburgh,  as  above,  or  as  fol- 
lows :  — 

Two  reams,  or  9(30  penny  covers,  4/,  7s. 
penny  envelopes,  47.  .5s. 

One  ream,  or  4>J0  twopenny  covers, 
W.  .3s.  ()d.,  twopenny  envelopes,  4/.  28. 6d. 

(overs  may  be  had  at  these  prices, 
either  in  sheets  or  cut  ready  for  use. 
Knvclopes  in  sheets  only,  und  conse- 
(liuritly  not  made  up.  No  one,  unless 
(inly  licensed,  is  authorised  to  sell  postage 
>tirnpH. 

The  penny  stamp  carries  half  an  ounce 
rmlnid),  the  twopenny  >tamp  one  ounce. 
I'or  weiphts  exceedin^j  one  ounce  use  the 
proper  numlM'r  of  labels,  either  alone  or 
in  combination  with  the  stamps  of  the 
covers  or  envelopes. 

'ihtis,  it  appears,  that  between  the 
piircliuse  of  n  hingle  cover  and  of  960, 
there  will  be  an  allowance  of  about  14 
p«r  cent.  The  price  for  a  dozen  or  more 
rovers  purchased  of  a  licensed  vendor  will 
be  K  tt  tor  coinp4>titi(m.  The  covers  and 
e:iVi-lopes  are  {irinted  on  paper  manufac- 
tured   by    Mr.    John    Dickinson,  having 


try  and  amon^t  all  classes  of  the  people. 
Mr.  Wyon*8  die,  and  Mr.  Heath's  plate  U 
a  bead  of  the  Queen.  Mr.  Mufready'i 
design  for  a  stamped  cover  representf 
Britannia  in  the  act  of  dispatching  four 
winged  messengers.  The  figures  on  each 
side  of  her  are  groups  emblematical  of 
British  commerce,  and  communication 
with  all  parts  of  the  world.  On  the  ri^t 
are  East  Indians  on  elephants  directing 
the  embarkation  of  merchandise ;  next 
Arabs  with  camels  laden ;  next  Chinese; 
on  the  left,  American  Indians  concluding 
a  treaty,  and  negroes  packing  casks  <w 
sugar.  The  whole  design  occupies  rather 
more  than  an  inch  in  width  along  the 
face  of  an  ordinary  envelope.  In  what 
may  be  called  the  foreground  on  the  one 
side,  a  young  man  is  reading  a  letter  to 
his  mother,  whose  clasped  hands  expreM 
her  emotion  at  its  contents ;  on  the  other 
side  is  a  group  of  three  figures,  each  one 
eagerly  pressing  around  to  reftd,  or  mt 
least  to  catch  a  sight  of  the  welcooM 
letter.  The  whole  conception  forcibljr 
tells  its  story,  and  suggests  emotions  A 
gratitude  at  the  universal  blessings  that 
flow  from  unfettering  correspondence, 
which  is  but  speech  by  means  of  written 
characters 

^fareh  23.  Trinity  Church,  Grem. 
tricA,  which  has  been  recently  erected  M 
a  district  church  of  the  parish  of  St. 
Alnhegc,  was  consecrated  by  the  Biabop 
of  llochestcr. 

April  7.     The  Lord  Bishop  of  Gkra* 


.coloured   lines  inserted  in   the   woof  of     ceiiter  and  Bristol  consecrated  the  new 


tli(*  paper,  differently  disposc<I  on  the 
covers  and  the  envelope*.  The  lal)els, 
or  adhesive  stamps,  arc  printed  on 
water- marked  paper,  enrh  having  the 
watermark  of  a  crown  ;  and  the  sheet  of 
l.il)«l<,  hoi  din;:  '.MO,  has  the  word  "  post- 
a^Tf"  in  each  of  the  ft.ur  l>ordcrs.  Certain 
combinations  of  letters  of  the  alphabet 
are  inserted  in  the  two  comers  at  the 
loNMT  part  of  (he  lal>e]s  ;  and  as  they  are 
varircl,  in  every  one  of  210  labeU,  the 
piol»ubilitie«  nearly  amount  to  a  certainty 
that  no  one  having  a  less  stoi'k  than  2l4> 
will  have  two  stamps  with  the  same  Irt- 
terin;;  in  his  possession.  There  can  be 
no  doubt  that  ihe:»e  peculiaiiiies  afford  a 


church  at  Brinuieombe,  in  the  parish  of 
Minchinhampton,  which  has  been  ImiK 
by  bubscription,  aided  by  David  Ricardo, 
esq.  the  patron  of  the  parish,  who  has 
assigned  it  a  district,  and  engaged  to  tap- 
port  a  resident  clergjrman  until  the  divi- 
sion takes  place.  It  is  built  of  stone  and 
stone  tiled,  having  nave,  chanceU  and 
tower,  in  the  style  of  the  13th  century, 
with  iwinted  windows  and  carved  oak 
furniture,  and  will  accommodate  500 
persons,  above  one-fifth  of  the  kneelinga 
oeing  free.  Adjoining  are  school-rooma 
for  :^K)  children.     The  situation  is  highly 

Eicturesque,  on  the  hide  of  a  well- wooded 
ill,  overlooking  the  valley  towards  Strovd. 


534 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazktte  Promotions. 

March  7.  James  Norton  Smith,  esq.  to  be 
one  of  Her  Migmty'H  lion.  Corps  of  Gentle- 
men at  .\rmH,  rice  Smith,  retiretl. 

March  26.  Lieut,  (leon^e  William  Roper 
Yule,  R.  .M.  to  wear  the  cross  of  the  first  class 
of  the  National  and  Militar)-  Order  of  San 
Fernando ;  conferred  b>;  the  Queen  Reg^ent  of 
Spain  in  testimony  of  his  ser>'ices  in  various 
actions,  from  lOth  May.  183«,  to  Nov.  1837. 

March  27.  William  Peter,  est],  to  be  Consul 
for  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  to  resiile  at  Phila- 
flelphia.— John  Storey  Penleaze,  esq.  to  be 
Consul  at  Amsterdam. 

March  .%.  The  difcnity  of  a  Duchess  of  the 
Uniteil  Kinf^lom  f^autinl  to  the  Rieht  Hon. 
Ijidy  Cecilia  lietitia  Undemrootl  (eldest  sur- 
viving? dauf^hter  of  Arthur  Saunders,  second 
Earl  of  Arran,  by  Elizabeth,  his  third  wife, 
daughter  of  Richard  Underwoo<l,  late  of  Dub- 
lin, esq.)  by  the  title  of  Duchess  of  Inverness. 

April  3.  61st  Foot,  Major-Gen.  Sir  J.  Gar- 
diner, K.CIJ.  to  be  Colonel.— William  Mitchell 
Innes,  of  Parson's  Green,  co.  Kdinb.  esq.  only 
8ur\ivinjf  son  of  Alex.  Mitchell,  late  of  Cherry- 
1>ank,  esq.,  by  ELsiKJth  his  wife,  only  child  and 
heir  of  Tnos.  Simpson,  of  Darra-hill,  co.  Al)er- 
dceii,  by  Isabel,  only  sister  ha  vine  surviving 
issue  of  the  late  George  Innes,  of  Stow,  co. 
Edinb.  esq.  (sometime  Cashier  of  the  Royal 
Bank  of  Scotland,  and  Dep.  Receiver-gen.  of 
I^nd  Rents  for  Scotland)  who  was  the  father 
of  the  late  Gilbert  Innes,  of  Stow,  and  of  Jane 
Innes,  of  Edinburgh  and  Stow,  spinster, 
(lately  deceased)  to  continue  to  use  the  name 
of  Innes. 

April  6.  Knighted,  Lieut.-Col.  Charles  Chi- 
chester, 81st  root,  Brigadier-General  in  the 
service  of  the  Queen  of  Spain,  K.  S.  F.  &c. 

April  10.  2nd  Life  Guards,  Major  and  Lt.- 
Col.  G.  A.  Reid  to  be  L.-Col.  and  Col. ;  brevet- 
Major  J.  M'Dougall  to  l)e  Migor  and  Lt.-Col. 
—6th  Foot,  Major  H.  B.  Everest  to  be  Lt.-Col. ; 
Capt.  W.  Pottinger  to  be  Major.— 85th  Foot, 
Major-Gen.  Sir  J.  F.  Fitzgerald,  K.C.B.  to  be 
Colonel.— Lt.-Col.  I^ovell  .Bonj.  Badcock,  of 
15th  drag.  K.  H.  and  his  only  brother  Capt. 
Wm.  S.  Bailcock,  R.  N.  from  respect  to  the 
memory  of  their  ancestor  Sir  Salathiel  Lovell, 
Baron  of  the  Exclie(|uer,  to  take  the  name  of 
I>ovell  in  lieu  of  Badcock.— Royal  East  Mid- 
dlesex Militia,  T.  Carvick,  esij.  to  be  Major. 

April  17.  20tli  Foot,  Capt.  F.  Croad  to  be 
Major.— 65th  Foot,  C^pt.  C.  Wise  to  be  Major, 
by  purchase,  rice  Walker,  who  retires. 

April  18.  The  Lieut.-Governor  of  the  Ba- 
hama Islands,  (^x>l.  Francis  Cockburn,  to  be 
Governor  and  Commander  in  l^hief  of  the  said 
Islands. 

April  20.  Fiske  Goodeve  Harrison^  of  Cop- 
ford  Hall.  Essex,  esa.  in  memory  of  his  mater- 
nal gran(lfather  the  Rev.  John  Fiske,  of  Thorpe 
Moneux,  Suffolk,  to  take  the  name  of  Fiske 
before  Harrison. 

Naval  Puomotions. 

Tlie  following  officers,  now  extra  aides-de- 
camp, are  appointed  to  be  full  Naval  aides-de- 
camp  to  the  Queen  :  -Captains  J.W.  D.  Duii- 
ilas*.  C.  B.,  Henry  Hope,  C.  B.,  Sir  John 
Pechel,  Bart.,  K.C.H.  C.B.— (Captain  Sir 
David  Ihinii,  K.C.H-  to  the  Vanguard ;  Coni- 
jnaadcr  Frederick  Hutton,  to  the  Vanguard. 


Commander  T.  L.  Massie,  to  the  Thunderer. 
— F^dward  Stopford,  fh)m  the  Zebra  to  the 
Hydra ;  James  Stopford,  from  Hydra  to  the 
Zebra.— Lieut.  John  Miers  Greer  (1799).  to 
the  rank  of  retired  Commander,  retaining 
liis  out-pension  of  Greenwich  Hospital. 


Membert  returned  to  serve  in  Parliament, 
Inrerneu  Co.—H.  J.  Baillie,  Jan.  esq. 
Sutherland  Co.— David  Dunoas,  esq. 
ToMeM.— Barry  Baldwin,  esq. 

Ecclesiastical  Prefeiiments. 

Rev.  Tliomas  Gamier,  B.C.L.  to  be  Dean  of 
Winchester. 

Rev.  J.  C.  Hare,  to  be  Archdeacon  of  Lewes. 

Right  Hon.  and  Rev.  Lord  Wriothesley  Rus- 
sell, to  be  Canon  of  Windsor. 

Rev.  E.  Addenbrooke,  Spemall  R.  Warw. 

Rev.  Joseph  Baylee,  Woodside  New  Ch.  Li- 
verpool. 

Rev.  E.  Bellamy,  Dersinghkm  V.  Norf. 

Hon.  and  Rev.  C.  B.  Bernard,  Bantry  V.  Cork. 

Rev.  C.  Blencowe,  Marston  St.  Lawrence  V. 
CO.  Northamp. 

Rev.  J.  Boyle,  Brighonse  P.C.  Halifiuc 

Rev.  K.  Cust,  Danby  Wiske  R.  York. 

Rev.  W.  Dobson,  Tuxford  V.A.  Notts. 

Rev.  W.  C.  Flint,  Wellow  P.C.  Notts. 

Rev.  W.  C.  Frampton,  Buckland  Bipers  R. 
Dorset. 

Rev.  J.  Hanburgh,  St.  John's  V.  Hereford. 

Rev.  J.  Hayes.  Harpurhey  P.C.  Manchester. 

Rev.  J.  F.  Hoogson,  Horsham  V.  Sussex. 

Rev.  P.  J.  Honeywood,  Bradwell-nezt-Gogges- 
liall  R.  Essex. 

Rev.  W.  C.  Kitson,  St.  James's  New  Ch.  St. 
SitwelPs,  Exeter. 

Rev.  W.  Leeke,  Holbrooke  P.C.  Derby. 

Rev.  R.  Lovett,  Trinity  Church,  Walcot.  Bath. 

Rev.  S.  Luscombe,  Chedzy  R.  Somerset. 

Rev.  J.  H.  Marsden,  Great  Oakley  R.  Essex. 

Rev.  ().  Ormerod,  Birch  P.C.  Warrinrton. 

Rev.  F.  B.  Portman,  Staple  Fitzpalnc  cam 
Bickenhall  R.R.  Somerset. 

Rev.  E.  Robertson,  Shorwell  V.  cum  Mottiston 
R.  Isle  of  Wight. 

Rev.  H.  Robinson,  Haslebech  R.  Northamp.    * 

Rev.  W.  S.  Salman,  Shireoaks  P.C.  Notts. 

Rev.  W.  Stamer,  D.D.  St.  Saviour's  Walcot  R. 
Bath. 

Rev.  —  Whallcy,  Old  Hutton  P.C.  Westmorel. 

Rev.  C.  Whatejy,  Holy  Trinity  New  Church, 
Brinscomb,  Gloucester. 

Rev.  S.  H.  Widdrington,  Walcot  St.Swithin's 
R.  Bath. 

Rev.  C.  W^ightwick,  Codford  St.  Peter  R.  Wilts. 

Rev.  T.  Wilkinson,  Stanwix  V.  Cumberland. 

Rev.  T.  F.  Woodham,  Brancaster  R.  Norf. 


Chaplains. 

Rev.  T.  James  to  the  Bishop  of  Oxford. 
Rev.  H.  Melvill,  the  Tower  of  liOndon. 
Rev.  C.  F.  Smith  to  Viscount  Combermere. 


Civil  Preferments. 

Rev.  F.  Hodgson,  Provost  of  Eton. 

Rev.  G.  F.  W.  Mortimer  to  be  Head  Master  of 

the  City  of  London  School. 
I).  T.  Ansted,  esq.  M.A.  to  be  Profiessor  of 

Geology  in  Kind's  College,  London. 


1 840.] 


Births  and  Marriages. 


535 


BIRTflS. 

/•>//.  15.  At  LfKhorii,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 
S.  J.  Cianibier,  a  iIhu. 

Manh  -1.  At  NHi)le*i,  the  wifo  of  John  Keii- 
iirily,  rs«|.  II.  H.  M.  s<-crftary  <»f  I^Y^tion,  a 
ilaii.— -   H.  The  w  iff  of  ( 'apt.  Ii(N)ke  Pearson,  of 

th»'  \&\i  I^nrrrs,  a  dau. At  Heath  Hall,  the 

H«)n.   Mrs.  Snjjtli,   a  ilau. 13.    At   Itaron 

llill,    .\n:;I«".ry,   l^dy   Williams    Hnlkeley,    a 
•.«»ii. —  14.  At   HaythDrn  Park,  Ks^fx,  the'wife 

•  f   JHiiit*>   ILiyinonil,    es4i.   a    dan. 15.    In 

.M«»iuit-Htroi't,  fhf  Hon.  Mrs.  Kdnnind  Phipps, 

;i  sMii. 17.  At  Pudlieatt   House,  MrM.  Mor- 

tiiiur   Kirard(»,  a  «laii. 20.  In   Mansflehl-st. 

l-id\    Jfukins,   a   son. 21.    At   Hull-house, 

liroinptnii,   I^idy  Sarah   Iniceitre,  a   dau. 

'2:\.    At   Hriyhtoii,   tin-   H«n.   Mrs.  Anderson, 
;i  tliiii.-   -2:1.  At  Hath,  tlu»  wife  t»f  John  KnM»r, 

t>i|.   of    K«il!i«sl»y    Hall.    Norfolk,  a  dau. 

•-'s.  Af   Hnrkwall.  N'nrthiani,  Sussex,  the  wife 

«>f   Thomas  Kn-wen,  esq.  a  s«in. 29.  At  (iraf- 

lon  Maimr  Housr,  near  Hroms;rove,  the  wife 

tif  Hriij   ColU'tt.  r«.(i.  a  M»n. \t  Klaekheath, 

I  Jill  \  Harltara  Nrwtlii^ati-,  a  s«»n. At  Ma|)er- 

loii  HiMi-c,  ni'ar  \Vinranti)n,Sunerv>t,  tin- wife 

«'f  H«Mir>  Fit/irerald,  e^q.  a  son  and  heir. 

M).  At  Wrstw.HMl  Hall,  tin-  Hon.  .Mrs.  II.  C. 

Marshall,  a  son. .11.  In  IpiM-r  Harley-^t., 

tin'  wifr  iif  K.  PepNs,  f«i«|.  a  son. 
La/ilv.    The  wife  of  ('apt.   .Mathew,  M.P. 

a  s,iii. At  Minterne,  Doniet,  I^iiy  Thtresa 

ni;;l»y,  adau.    -  -At  Clonmel,  the  wife  of  the 

n.'ii.  F.  .<A\illf.  K.  A.  a  dau. In  Hrrtford- 

st..  May  fair,  tin*   Hun.  .Mrs.  S«M»tt,  a  sim. 

Tht'  I'lim  f<is  Dona  Paniphili  (dau.  of  the  Karl 
of  >lin-ws|iur) »,  a  dau.    —  In  Portnian-M|.  tlie 

flim.     .Mr«*.    Miint.iicu,    a  dau. At    Orwell 

HiMi-..-.  l>i>\on.tIii'  lady  uf  Sir  Kirhanl  Plaaket, 
a  dau.  At  Vrr-adh's.  the  wifr  o(  T.  <'. 
IliMipi-r,  rsi|.  iif  Hanliiii^on-park,  Soni.  a  dau. 
At  ('(Miliirk-IiMi^i*,  PuIjIiii,  L.'tdv  Kli/aU-tli 
HurniUi{li.  a  omi. 

.Ijtri/  :\.  At  <'a-th-t«i\%n,  rounty  Kilkenny, 
fill-  Aifi'  iif  ^^.  V.  Stuart,  t's4|.  Al.p.  k  son. — '-- 
■i  At  .Snithamptou,  thrwifi-  of  K.  JerMiiiirhain, 
•  sij.  a  «lau.-  -At  Walliiii,  (ilastiudiurv,  I^dx 
.1.  riiMiiir.  a  dau.        J.  At  .Mi'rkliMilHiri;li-v|'. 

MiH.  (ipiir;;i-    ViThnn  i'nttun,  a  son. 7.  \t 

i.<'.imiiit!tiiii,  thf  Will-  iif  JiiHrph  Hailv,  vn\. 
Mill,  a  son  and  hi-ir  -  .\t  l>riui,'las,  'ish-  of 
Nlan,  till*  wifr  of  Captain  .«»ir  T.  S.  Paslfv, 
K.N.  a  snii  -  10.  In  Hi'|;;ra\i*-stris-t,  thf 
("niinfrss  iif  I'ninfirt,  a  dau.  -  In  riirstiT- 
jil.ii  ■■,  III  Unix •■■sijuari',  thf  »ifi*  uf  .'"trphm 
K.im.  isi|.  :i  .,.111.         II,    \t  Duhliii,  thr  wife  of 

II.  H.  Jiiy,  I'sii.  HarrisfiT  at  l^w,  a  son. At 

till*  1  >•  iw .it;i>r   l^dy   .\ruiuleirM,  Ikivfr-st.  the 

Hull.    Mrs.    A.   .Vriindi'll.  a  dau. At    Toii- 

l.nd-f  WrIN,   till*  Hifr  of  M.  ('.  J.  IMhani, 

•■sq.  .1  mm  arid  hrir. 13.  At  Miuint  lli'a^ant, 

Ji-rsi  y,  till'  lady  i»f  Sir  <".  K.  ('arriiij'toii,  a 
SI. II.  At  Pakrnhani-l(Hli(i>,  Sulfulk.  tlir  wife 
<l     I",   'rhi^riihill,  jiiii.  rsq.  a  son. —    U.    At 

llm  klaiid,    Mrs.  ThiiM-kiiiortnn.  a  son. At 

iliU'litoii,  the  nifiMif  .\.  (iiNldani,  isq.  .M.P.  a 
dau.  I.'i.  Ill  Pif-eadilly,  thr  Hurhrss  nf  St. 
All»aii's,  n  sun  dinnl  Hurfunl).  -  -  22-  In  linis- 
vriiiirsq.  ihi-  linn.  Mis.  riiarlfs  Staiik\.  a 
■Ian.  93  In  llrlicravi'-M|.  the  Countess  )..is- 
t->^«i-Ii,  a  dau. 


aiai(KI/\(;ks. 

.V"i.  !->.  At  lluliart  Town,  the  Hi»ii.  I)a\id 
I'l-kiif.  .'lilt  Liclit  Inf.  thiril  sun  nf  l,iiril  Krs- 
kiin-.  Ill  Vniii'-Maria,  fhiest  dau.  nf  Jnsiah 
"*f'"l«-.   i".«i.  Chirf  Pnliri-   .Mau'istratc  nf  Van 

hniipirs  ijiiid. 

Iff'.  1.  At  Calciitta.  li<>nry  Ciiwie,  »-sq.  to 
Kfiiii\.  K.  M.  rldist  ilaii.  «»f  thr  R«'\ .  <Morifr 
MiHiL'li.  .M.  \.  .^M-ninr  Chaplain. 

II  \t  c^lnitta.  l-:il«iBrd  Pi'li-ri, i-sq.  Madras 
ri\d  Srvnr,  to  Au^tistA'Jaiie,  Aflli  itau.  of 


Sir  Jas|)er  Nirolls,  K.CB.  ('oinniander  of  tb 
Forres. 

2<).  At  Naples,  James  .Minet,  es<i.  second 
s<ui  of  thi'  late  J.  Miiu-t,  I'sq.  of  llaldwyuN, 
Kent,  to  FJizaU'th,  >imn:ffst  dau.  of  William 
liffirulden.  esq.  of  Naples. 

25.  .\t  lk)mliay,  William  FishiT.  esii.  Madra.s 
Civil  Sfrviie,  only  son  of  Capt.  W.  Fisher,  R.X. 
and  nephew  «if  the  H(ui.  Sir  J.  II.  Carnae,  Hart. 
(Jovernor  of  IVuiibav,  to  Franrcs  Hrise,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  latr  Rev.  Charles  Fisher,  M.A. 
Reetor  of  Oviiiifton-witli-Tilbury,  Kssex. 

27.  Rev.  William  U'es,  .M.A.  PeriH'tual  Cu- 
rate ©f  St.  Peter's,  <  Mtlham,  to  Sirah,  youiiK«Mt 
dau.  of  the  late  Nathan  Worthintrton,  ewi.  of 
Oldham.  ' 

March  2.    At  Hrandon.  .^uffnlk,  the  Rev.C. 
J.Cartwrijfht,  to  Kmilie-I.vdia,  fourth  dau.  of 
W  in.  (ireen,  rsi|.  of  liortield,  near  Hristol,  and 
i;rand-dau.  of  John  Hrewster,  es<i.  of  Brandon. 

7.  At  Drumroiutra-hnuse,  l)uhlin,  (?apt. 
Harv  ey,K7th  Fusilirrs,  to  .M  iss  CampMI,  ehlest 
dau.  of  Col.  Sir  Uuy  Campliell,  Hart.  Qnarter- 

ina.stfr-»reni'ral. At  Hiistid,  the  Rev.T.  A. 

Clarke,  of  Wijjii  Wxroinhi',  Jiurks,  to  Anne, 
elilfst  dau.  of  the  latr  Lieut. -Col.  Clarke,  of 
Uristtd. 

10.  At  St.  Panrras,  John  Hailey  Tunier, 
i*»il.  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Turner,  Vicar 
of  HenniM'k,  Devon,  to  Anne,  second  dau.  of 
I.^irhin  .Mackay,  esq.  Royal  Hijfhlandent. 

12.  At  Norwich,  (iwinre,  vouii;fest  son  of  the 
late  Charles  Willfs  Hi-art,  esq.  of  (Jreat  Yar- 
HKUith,  to  .Marian,  youngest  dau.  of  Robert 

Wriirht,  es<i.  nf  the  t'piK'r  Close. At  Mary- 

IflHine,  W.  K.  C(K-hraiie.  fM|.  .Madras  Civil  *r- 
vice.  to  I^iuisa,  sei-mul  dau.  of  the  Rev.  C.  W. 
Ia'  lias,  Princi|ial  of  the  Flast  India  Collci^e. 

At  St.  John's  ChaiM'l,  St.  I^imard's,  Capt. 

J.  W.  MtmtaiTU,  R..\.  son  of  the  late  Admiral 
Sir(Jeonre  Monta:{ii.  li.C.U.  to  Isabella- Klixa- 
iK'th,  dau.  nf  Charles  lk*aiirlerk,  esq.  »»f  »l. 
l^tuianTs  Forest,  Sus.scx. 

14.  At  I  ptoii.  Hucks,  Johnson  .Savaore,  rw. 
.M.D.  R.  A.  to  Mar\-h>dia,  rhlfst  dau.  of  Wil- 
liam HoiiM'y.fsq.  of  Shitii^h. At  St.Ck-orife'fi, 

Haii.-sq.  (tiiinri'  C^M-hrane,  rsq.  of  the  Middle 
Ttiiiolr,  liarristiT-at-law.  sun  of  the  latr  lion. 
Hasil  <'iN-liraii*',  tn  ,\iiii  Franrt's.  dau.  of  the 
lati*  Cnl.  Jrdin  Smith,  nf  C4M>mb  Hay,  ^nn. 

17.  At  .Maiilktiuic,  till-  Hrv.  T.  T.  Haker, 
H..\.  to  Klli'it  Wf»od.  dau.  of  the  Rev.  (ieoixe 

l»any.  H.A.     -  Al  St.  .Mary's,  Hryansto mi. 

Francis  Hamilton,  i-ii.  of  Keiisworth,  Herts, 
to  Mary-(  athaniir,  fiiily  ilau.  of  Henry  Distin, 

es4j.  of  Jamaica. At  Harhaiii  Court,   Kent, 

Jami's  Rnlli'stoii,  I'sq.  of  HarlMiriie,  Staff,  tu 
Isaliella-Jane.  i-hh-st  dau.  of  tin*  late  W.   B. 

Hainmoiid,  i^sq.  of  Halinir  i*ark. At  Sid- 

mouth,  thr  R»v.  C.  F.  Fishi-r,  only  Mm  of 
••      late   Licut.-Cni.   Fisher,  to  HeJena-CJIiar- 


th( 


lotti'.  si-iond  ilaii.  of  the  R«*v.  Vere  John  Al- 
stnn,  nf  i  KlHi,  ifctls.  — At  .-^t.  (Htirire's,  Man- 
sq.  th«'  Hon.  .Vnthniiy  John  .Vshh'y  CfN>|ier, 
you  nicest  son  of  tin*  kirl  of  Shaneslmry,  to 
Julia,  fidi-st  dau.  of  Ilfiiiy  Jnliii  (^onyers,  tnui. 

ofC'qit-hall.KNsix. AtSt.(Hs»rifi-'NBhM)niH- 

liiiry,  Hi'iirj  JfatTn'snii,  .M.D.  of  Finsbury 
Ciri'UH,  to  FraiM'i's,  i-ldest  dau.  of  John  li. 
Shuttli'worth,  i>Mi.  of  lUiirnnlplari'  ami  ilam|>< 
tonwirk.  -  -At  Itirlfast,  Archiliald  ('amitiN*!!, 
esq.  Capt.  32d  Ri;;imriit.  to  Jaiif,  rliiest  lUti. 
nf  till-  lair  W.  Clark«-,  esi|.  nf  I>oiii'iral-place. 

IN.  At  Camherwrll.  Jnliii  Hawkins,  f>iif|. 
of  PiM'khani,  to  Wilhrlmim,  widow  of  Jnhu 
Daiin,  I'sij.nf  <'|-ii\fnril. —  \l  CasthiiiN'k,  near 
Duldiii,'l..\.  |jin-om,i-s.|.  K.  Kiik'  toCiforiciua, 
dau.  of  Col.  l)'.\Kuilir.  C.ll.  D<'puty-.\dhitant* 

ir<'u.  Ill  In  land. .\t  (iirat  Stanmorr,  Roliert 

Hollond.  esii.  .M.P.  for  ila«tiiiKs,  to  Klh>n-Jului, 
i>iil\  rhild  nf  Thomas  Tc>  d,  fsq.  of  .Staiimore- 
hall. —  At  Dublin,  Charks  Ia-  Pint  Trench, 
eMi|.  second  sun  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  the  late 


OBITUARY. 


Tbe  Duke  of  Maslbowicgh. 
March  5.  At  Blenheim,  after  a  sbort 
illness,  wilfaii)  one  day  of  completing  his 
74th  year,  the  Most  Noble  Geowe 
Spencer- Cliurch ill,  fourth  Duke  of  Mart- 
borough  and  Marquess  of  Bhindford,  CO. 
Dorset  (1708),  aerenth  Earl  of  Sunder- 
land (1613),  fifth  Earl  of  MBrlborough 
(1689),  ninth  Baron  Spencer  of  Worm- 
leighton,  CO.  Warwick  (1603),  and  fiflh 
Baron  Churchill,  of  Sandridge,  co.  Hert- 
ford (1665)  1  a  Prince  of  the  Hal;  Roman 
Empire  ;  High  Steward  of  the  ei^  of 
Oiford,  and  of  the  borough  of  Wood- 
stock;  D.C.L.,  F.S.A.,  F.L.8.,  &c. 

The  late  Duke  of  Marlborough  was 
bom  on  the  6th  March  1766,  tbe  elder 
son  (the  younger  is  tbe  present  Lord 
Churchill  of  Wychwood)  of  George  the 
fourth  Duke  of  Mr rllio rough,  K.G.,  by 
Lady  Caroline  RuaselL  only  daughter  of 
John  fourth  Duke  of  Bedford.  He  vraa 
educated  at  Eton,  where  the  Rer.  Wil- 
fcai  Cole,  D.D.  (who  wrote  the  descrip. 
tlons,  in  Latin,  of  the  Marlborough  Gems) 
tras  his  tutor  :  and  subsequently  became 
a  member  of  Christ  church,  Oxford, 
where  the  lionor 
conferred  upon 
that  of  D.C.L.  June  20,  1792.  He  was 
returned  to  Parliament  as  one  of  tbe 
members  for  Oxfordshire  at  the  general 
election  of  1790,  in  tbe  room  of  bis  uncle 
Lord  Charles  Spencer,  but  relinquished 
tbe  post  again  to  that  nobleman  at  the 
general  election  of  1796. 

The  Marquess  became  Ma^or  of  tbe 
first  regiment  of  Reading  Volunteers, 
Jan.  3,  1B04;  and  he  was  afterwards 
Colonel  of  that  lody.  In  July  1804  he 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Lords  Com. 
misaioners  of  the  Admiralty,  which  office 
he  held  until  Feb.  1900.  Ac  the  latter 
date  be  was  called  up,  by  writ,  to  the 
House  of  Peers,  and  placed  in  his  father's 
barony  of  Spencer. 

On  the  30th  Jan.  1817  he  succeeded 
hli  htber  in  the  dukedom,  and  in  May 
following  he  was  authorized,  by  royal 
erpetuate  in 
:b  his  illus. 
like  of  Marl- 
added  such 
and  use  the 
lat  of  Spen- 
Df  Churchill 
cer,  together 
btarlngs  of 
iging  to  the 


bear  and  use  tbe  aapportert  borne  i 
used  by  John  Duke  of  Marlborouf  b. 

Whilst  Marquess  of  fiiandfnrd,  >< 
Grace  was  distinguished  by  the  magi 
cence  and  expense  with  which  he  indui)|. 
fail  taste,  particularly  in  his  garde 
and  his  libmry  at  White  Kniebts,  nbu 
Reading  (formerly  tbe  seat  of  tfie  ancient 
family  of  EngleGeld),  which  he  purchased 
of  Richard  Byam  Mar«n,  esq.  in  1798. 
"  A  descriptive  account  oi  the  Mansion 
and  Gardens  of  White  Knights,"  written 
by  Mrs.  Hofland,  and  illuslrated  hf 
twenty-three  engravings  from  picture* 
taken  on  the  spot  by  her  husband,  T.  C. 
Hodand,  esq.  was  printed  at  his  Graced 
expense  in  lar^  quarto.  It  also  comprises 
a  list  of  the  costly  collection  of  paintings  by 
the  old  masters.  A  classed  catalogue  of  bii 
Grace's  library  was  privately  printed  in 
1812,  4to. ,  and  some  account  of  tbe  most 
remarkable  treasures  which  it  contained 
will  be  found  in  Clarke's  Repertorium 
Bibliographicum,  1819,  pp.  231—238,  in 
which  volume,  at  pp.  316—324,  are  also 
some  notices  of  the  older  coUecUon  at 
Blenheim,  which  was  principally  farmed 
by  Charles  Eari  of  Sunderiand,  the  father , 
of  the  second  Duke  of  Marlborough,  who 
was  in  this  respect  a  powerful  riral  of  the 
Earl  of  0;iford,  as  Is  shown  by  a  curious 
note  of  Humphrey  Wanley  {the  librarian 
of  the  latter)  written  upon  Lord  Sunder- 

At  the  sale  of  the  library  of  the  Duke 
of  Roxburgbein  1813,  the  Marquen  of 
Blandfoi-d  engaged  with  his  cousin,  Eall 
Spencer,  in  the  memorable  competition 
for  Valderfer' sedition  of  the  Decamerone 
of  Boccaccio,  printed  at  Venice  in  1471, 
and  be  became  successful  at  the  enor- 
mous price  of  2260(,— by  much  tbe 
largest  sum  ever  given  for  any  book, 
either  printed  or  in  MS.  It  is  remark- 
able that  an  imperfect  copy  of  this  edi- 
tion was  previously  in  the  library  at 
Blenheim.  The  Marquess  became  one  of 
the  original  members  of  tbe  Roxbuigbe 
Club,  founded  upon  this  memorable  oc- 
casion, under  tbe  presidency  of  bis  de- 
feated rival. 

In  1815  he  bought  the  celebrated  Bed- 
ford Missal,  at  the  sale  of  the  library  of 
James  Edwards,  esq.  of  Pall  Mall,  for  tbe 
sum  of  698/.  5f. 

However,  most  of  the  Duke  of  MarU 
borough's  collections  have  been  long  since 
dispersed ;  and  during  the  latter  years  of 
his  life  bis  Grace  had  lived  in  utter  n- 
tirement  at  one  comer  of  bis  magnificent 
palace:  a  melancholy  inttsnce   of  the 


536 


Marriaget. 


[May, 


Airhd^ftcmi  r>r  Ar(Ui|r)i,  and  nephew  to  the  late 
Karl  (if  ('1aii(*art y,  to  his  coiiKin,  Mins  Finny 
TVench,  fniirtli  tUu.  of  the  late  Lord  Archbi- 
shop of  Tiiniii. 

19.  At  Kareham,  Major  llasnell  Moor,  R. 
Art.  to  Kliza,  )oiiiiirefft  dau.  of  the  late  Adm. 

John  Stanhoi>e. At  Xon*irli,  the  Rev.  Goo. 

Gibbon!*,  of  Arley,  Cheshirp,  to  Catharine, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  'late  K.  H.  Coneman,  esq.  of 

CottinhalU  Xorfolk. At  Ed}!i)a.*>ton,  Warw. 

the  Rev.  Tlionias  C  Ifaddon,  B.C.L.  Incnm- 
bent  of  TiMiNtall,  Norfolk,  to  Kninia-Matflda, 
dau.  of  the  late  (ieor^e  Ryder  Hird,  esq.  of 

Kdi^baston. .\t  St.  Luke  s,  Rirhanl  Hevan, 

esq.  of  Chf>lsea,  to  Klixabeth-Ann,  only  dau.  of 
the  late  James  Forbes,  e.su.  M.I>. 

21.  At  Aniberley,  the  Rev.  R.  M.  Caunter, 
LL.B.  brother  of  the  Orientalist,  to  .\nn,  dau. 
of  the  late  Mr.  Ilarrinon,  of  Mashani,  ro.  York, 
and  jn*nd-niere  of  the  late  Vicar,  tlie  Rev.  J. 

Hanley. At  Brif^hton,  Wni.  I1aslcwood,eji(|. 

Of  Staaichain-park,  Sussex,  to  Frances-Catha- 
rine, dau.  of  the  late  ("harles  Bishop,  esq.  of 

Saubury.  Middlesex. At  St.  Mary's,  Br\-an- 

aton-9(|.  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  I>ibdin,  Rector,  Eliza- 
beth'Ann  Dibdin,  to  Richard  Lewis,  Ks4i.  of 

In^testoue. At  the  same  Church,  Georg-e 

Mac  Call,  esq.  84th  Reg:,  to  Mar>',  youngest 
dan.  of  Boneiny  Dobree,  estj.  of  Great  Cum- 
berland-Bt. 

23.  At  All  Souls',  Lan^hain-place,  Philip  L. 
Powell,  esq.  to  Kliza-Sophia,  third  dau.  of  John 
Galliers,  esq.  late  of  Stapleton  Castle,  Heref. 

24.  At  Deptfonl,  Lieut.  W.  E.  Triscott,  R.N. 
to  Harriet  Butt,  youni^est  dau.  of  John  David 
Rolt,  esq. At  tne  same  Church,  J.  A.  Hard- 
castle,  of  Trill.  Coll.  Cambrid^,  esq.  eldest 
son  of  Alfired  Hardcastle,  of  Hatchain-house, 
esq.  to  Frances,  only  child  of  the  late  Henry 
IVilliam  Lambirth,  es<i.  of  Writtle. At  Pres- 
ton, the  Rev.  Lockhart  \V.  Jeffray,  M.A.  son 
of  I'rofessor  Jeffray,  of  Glasgow,  to  Catherine, 

dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Miller,  esq. At 

Exeter,  the  Rev.  H.  L.  Houldrich,  Vicar  of 
Holcombe  Burnell,  to  Susan-Isabella,  youngest 

dau.  of  the  late  Matthew  Cowper,  esiq. At 

Totnes,  Eilward  Bentall,  estj.  Civil  Serv.  Ben- 

Sl,  to  Clementina,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  W. 
arshall.  Rector  of  Cliickcrell. 

25.  At  St.  James's,  Piccadilly,  John  Charles 
Ord,  esn.  of  Knowl-hall,  Som'.  to  Elizabeth- 
Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  W.  Villiers  Sur- 

tees,  esq. At  St.  Mary's,  Bryanston-sq. 

Capt.  Charles  Trollope,  brother  to  Sir  John 
Trollope,  Bart,  to  Frances,  only  child  of  the 
late  John  Lord,  esq.  and  niece  of  S.  H.  Lord, 

esq. At  F^inburgrh,  the  Rev.  E.  B.  Field, 

Mountsorrel,  Leic.  to  Isabella,  dau.  of  the 
late  James  Hamilton,  esq.  M.D.  Professor  at 
the  University  of  Edinburgh. 

26.  Capt.  Robert  Beavan,  Bengal  Army,  to 
Cecilia,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Drury,  of  Har- 
row. 

28.  At  St,  Pancras,  Thomas  Vowe,  esq.  of 
Manor-house,  Hallaton,  to  Elizabeth- Jane,  only 
dan.  of  J.  W.  Fisher,  esq.  of  Burton-crescent. 

At  Sutton,  Surrey,  A.  Annand,  lun.  esq. 

third  son  of  A.  Annand,  esq.  to  Sarah  Selina, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  J.  Blunt,  esq.  of 

Wallop,  Hants. AtWingfield,  Berks,  Mr. 

Richard  Reece,  of  Walton-on-Thames,  to  Sarah, 
eldest  dau.  of  William  May,  esq.  of  Brock-hill. 

80.  At  Chelsea,  C.  Wentworth  Dilke,  esq. 
to  Mary,  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Wm.  Chatfield, 
of  the  Madras  Cav. 

31.  At  Holton  Beckering,  Line.  Thomas 
Brailsford,  esq.  of  East  Barkwith-house.  to 
Mary-Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  Hale, 
Rector  of  the  former  place. 

Lately.  At  St.  George's,  Han.-sq.  J.  H.  H. 
Atkinson,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Lieni-Gen.  Sir 
Thomas  Bradford,  to  Anne,  dan.  of  the  late 


Wm.  Ellice,  esq. ^The  Bev.  Wm.  H.  Eg^er- 

ton,  Rector  of  tne  Lower  Mediety  of  Malpas, 
to  Louisa,  dau.  of  Brooke  Conliffie,  esq.  of  £r- 

bistock-hall,  Flint. At  Dvblin.  John  Barton, 

esq.  son  of  the  Archdeacon  of  Ferns,  to  Mari- 
anne, dau.  of  the  late  BI.  Nicholson,  esq.  MJ). ; 
and  at  the  same  time,  Richard  Symes,  esq.  of 
Bndgewatcr,  to  Margaret,  dau.  of  the  sune 
gentleman,  and  grand-nieces  of  the  late  Viee- 
Adm.  Lord  Shuldham. — ^Capt.  H.  O'Brien, 
R.A.  to  Mary,  dau.  of  Lieut.-CoL  C.  ODm- 

wallis  Uausey,  C.B. ^At  Calpee,  India,  Cai^ 

W.  F.  Beatson,  K.F.  commanding  Bundelkund 
liCgion,  to  Marian,  dau.  of  the  lite  C^  Hum- 
fries. At  St.  George's,  Han.-sq.  William 

lievan,  esq.  of  Clifton,  to  Sarah,  widow  tA  Q. 
Martin,  esq.  of  Bristol. 

Aaril  1.  At  Baxterly,  near  Cheltenham, 
B.  N.  Arnold,  M.D.  son  of  the  Rer.  C.  Amd^ 
Incumbent  of  Meltor  and  Lani^,  Lane,  to 
Ijouisa,  Countess  of  Kintore  ((uvorced  from. 
the  Earl  of  Kintore,  by  a  decree  of  the  Scotch 
Court  of  Session  on  the  3d  of  March  last.) 

2.  At  Stapleton,  nearBristoL  John  SKtrarhan, 
jun.  esu.  only  sur\'ivin|r  son  of  John  fltarm<»i»««^ 
esq.  of  Thornton,  X.  B.  and  Qifden,  Deroa, 
Gentleman  Usher  of  the  Queen,  to  Mary-Anne, 
dau.  of  the  late  Isaac  Elton,  cm.  of  StaptoCon- 

liouse. At  St.  Pancras,  w.  Conlson.  esq.  of 

Frederick's-place,  Old  Jewry,  to  Maria,  aan. 
of  John  T.  Bartram,  esq.  of  Upper  FItannr-st. 

^At  St.  George's.  Sonthwark,  J.  W.  Medlej, 

esq.  to  Catherine  Hannah,  second  dau.  of  the 

late   Capt.  Sir  G.  M.  Keith,  Bart.  R.N. ^At 

Halifax,  George  N.  Emmett.  esq.  of  Hoomv- 
bury-sq.  to  Eliza,  younreat  dan.  of  Wm.  Em- 
mett, esq. At  Gateshead,  the  Rer.  Hnch 

Salvin,  Chaphiin  R.  Navy,  to  Alice-JnliL  elM 
surviving  uau.  of  the  late  Anthony ^utcea, 

esq.  of  Hammersley  Hall. At  Ardleigli, 

Essex,  John  Posford  Osborne,  esq.  of  Ardleigh 
Park,  to  Catharine,  second  dau.  of  tbe  Ber. 

Ileury  Bishop,  Vicar  of  Ardleigh. At  Fos- 

lingford,  Suffolk,  Timms  Henr^  £Iwcs,eaq. 
youngest  son  of  the  late  Lient.-Gen.  Eiwe^/to 
Louisa,  youngest  dan.  of  Col.  Weaton.  of 

Shadow-bush,   near  dare. At   Frenoiar, 

near  Bristol,  Edward,  eldest  son  of  Bdw*  D. 
Poore,  esq.  of  Flgheldean,  Wilts,  to  flnuiees- 
Maria,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  James  William^  of 
Matheme,  Monm. 

4.  In  Florence,  the  Baron  Paul  W.  D*Hof- 
guer.  of  the  Hagne,  to  Frederica-MaitlaM^ 
tiiird  dan.  of  Lieut.-Col.  the  Hon.  Gerald  de 
Courcy. 

7.  At  St.  Pancras,  Henry  Pyne,  esq.  of  the 
Inner  Temple,  to  Harriet,  dau.  of  Thomas 

James,  esq.  of  Gray's  Inn. ^At  Woolwidi, 

Alex.  Denholm,  esq.  of  BeatlainL  go.  LanariE, 
to  Elizabeth  Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  CoL  PJiKtenon. 

Roy.  Art. ^At  Liverpool,  J.  Fhilipa,  caqTor 

Shrewsbury,  to  Mary-Emily,  ooly  sunrivinr 

dau.  of  J.  B.  Tipton,  esq.  of  Elm  House. 

At  Moccas  Court.  Heref.  Tliomaa  Chester  Mo* 
ter,  esq.  M.P.  for  Cirenceater,  to  CaShariae- 
Elizabeth.  dan.  of  the  late  Sir  ueorfe  Coni»> 

wall. ^At  Speldhurst,  George  Bayley,  esq. 

of  Montagn-st.,  Russell-sq.  to  Mary-Aan.cidflat 
dau.  of  John  Carruthers,  esq.  of  Mitdielia^naar 
Tonbridge  Wells. 

8.  At  Paston,  co.  Northampton,  John  ftette- 
john,  esq.  of  Barbadoes,  and  Harehatch,  Berks, 
to  Laura,  youngest  dan.  of  Charies  Cole^esq. 

of  Paston  Hall. ^At  High  Wycomb^  BiMdu, 

Peter  Samuel,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Thoma 
Fry,  Rector  of  Emberton,  Budu,  to  Katherino- 
Eliza-Anne.  second  dan.  of  the  Ber.  J.  C. 

WiUiams,  Rector  of  Farthfngstone. At  Bed- 

ford,  Horatio  Nelson  Godoaid.  esq.  of  CIttb 
House,  and  of  Porton,  Wilts,  to jAanihBliii- 
beth,  dan.  of  the  late  Rer.  T.  Le  Momlflr, 
Rector  of  Haoghton-Io-SkcnNh  DuIiml 


537 


OBITUARY. 


The  Duke  of  MARLBOfcoiTGH. 

March  5.  At  Blenheim,  after  a  short 
illness,  within  one  day  of  completing  his 
74>th  year,  the  Most  Noble  George 
Spencer-Churchill,  fourth  Duke  of  Man- 
borough  and  Marquess  of  Blandford,  co. 
Dorset  (1708),  seventh  Earl  of  Sunder- 
land (1643),  fifth  Earl  of  Marlborough 
(1689),  ninth  Baron  Spencer  of  Worm- 
leighton,  co.  Warwick  (1603),  and  fifth 
Baron  Churchill,  of  Sandridge,  co.  Hert- 
ford (;1685) ;  a  Prince  of  the  Holy  Roman 
Empire ;  High  Steward  of  the  city  of 
Oxford,  and  of  the  borough  of  Wood- 
stock;  D.C.L.,  F.S.A.,  F.L.S.,  &c. 

The  late  Duke  of  Marlborough  was 
bom  on  the  6th  March  1766,  the  elder 
son  (the  younger  is  the  present  Lord 
Churchill  of  Wychwood)  or  George  the 
fourth  Duke  of  Marlborough^  K.G.,  by 
Lady  Caroline  RusselL  onhr  daughter  of 
John  fourth  Duke  of  Bedford.  He  was 
educated  at  Eton,  where  the  Rev.  Wil- 
tfem  Cole,  D.  D.  (who  wrote  the  descrip- 
tions, in  Latin,  of  the  Marlborough  Gems) 
was  his  tutor ;  and  subsequently  became 
a  member  of  Christ  church,  Oxford^ 
where  the  honorary  degree  of  M.  A.  was 
conferred  upon  him  Dec.  9,  1786,  and 
that  of  D.C.L.  June  20,  1792.  He  was 
returned  to  Parliament  as  one  of  the 
members  for  Oxfordshire  at  the  general 
election  of  1790,  in  the  room  of  his  uncle 
Lord  Charles  Spencer,  but  relinquished 
the  post  again  to  that  nobleman  at  the 
general  election  of  1796. 

The  Marquess  became  Major  of  the 
first  regiment  of  Reading  Volunteers, 
Jan.  3,  1804 ;  and  he  was  afterwards 
Colonel  of  that  body.  In  July  1804  he 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Lords  Com- 
missioners of  the  Admiralty,  which  office 
he  held  until  Feb.  1806.  At  the  latter 
date  he  was  called  up,  by  writ,  to  the 
House  of  Peers,  and  placed  in  his  father's 
barony  of  Spencer. 

OnthedOth  Jan.  1817  he  succeeded 
his  father  in  the  dukedom,  and  in  May 
following  he  was  authorized,  by  royal 
sign  manual,  **  in  order  to  perpetuate  in 
his  family  a  surname  to  which  his  illus- 
trious  ancestor,  John  first  Duke  of  Marl- 
borough,  by  a  long  series  of  transcendant 
and  heroic  atchievements,  added  such 
Imperishable  lustre,"  to  take  and  use  the 
surname  of  Churchill  after  that  of  Spen- 
cer, and  to  bear  the  arms  of  Churchill 
quarterly  with  those  of  Spencer,  together 
with  a  representation  of  the  bearings  of 
the  standard  of  colour?  belonging  to  the 
honor  or  manor  of  Woodstock,  and  to 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


bear  and  use  the  supporters  borne  > 
used  by  John  Duke  of  Marlborough. 

Whilst  Marquess  of  ]  dford. 
Grace  was  distinguished  b> 
cence  and  expense  with  whicu  u<  uig- 
his  taste,  particularly  in  his  (^ardc 
and  his  library  at  White  Knights,  nbw 
Reading  (formerly  the  seat  of  the  ancient 
familv  of  Englefield),  which  he  purchased 
of  Richard  Byam  Martin,  esq.  in  1798t» 
"  A  descriptive  account  of  the  Mansion 
and  Gardens  of  White  Knights,"  written 
by  Mrs.  Hofland,  and  illustrated  b^ 
twenty- three  engravings  from  pictures 
taken  on  the  spot  by  her  husband,  T.  C. 
Hofiand,  esq.  was  printed  at  his  Graced 
expense  in  large  quarto.  It  also  comprises 
a  list  of  the  costly  collection  of  paintings  hf 
the  old  masters.  A  classed  catalogue  of  his 
Grace's  library  was  privately  printed  in 
1812,  4to.,  and  some  account  of  the  most 
remarkable  treasures  which  it  contained 
will  be  found  in '  Clarke's  Repertorium 
Bibliographicum,  1819,  pp.  231—238,  in 
which  volume,  at  pp.  316 — 324,  are  also 
some  notices  of  tne  older  collection  at 
Blenheim,  which  was  principally  formed 
by  Charles  Earl  of  Sunderiand,  the  father^ 
of  the  second  Duke  of  Marlborough,  who 
was  in  this  respect  a  powerful  rival  of  the 
Earl  of  Oxford,  as  is  shown  by  a  curious 
note  of  Humphrey  Wanley  (the  librarian 
of  the  latter)  written  upon  Lord  Sunder, 
land's  decease. 

At  the  sale  of  the  library  of  the  Duke 
of  Roxburghe  in  1812,  the  Marquess  of 
Blandford  enpged  with  his  cousin,  Earl 
Spencer,  in  the  memorable  competition 
for  Valderfer's  edition  of  the  Decamerone 
of  Boccaccio,  printed  at  Venice  in  1471, 
dnd  he  became  successful  at  the  enor- 
mous price  of  2260/. —by  much  the 
largest  sum  ever  given  for  any  book, 
either  printed  or  in  MS.  It  is  remark- 
able that  an  imperfect  copy  of  this  edi- 
tion was  previously  in  the  library  at 
Blenheim.  The  Marquess  became  one  of 
the  original  members  of  the  Roxbui^he 
Club,  founded  upon  this  memora,ble  oc- 
casion, under  the  presidency  of  his  de- 
feated rival. 

In  1815  he  bought  the  celebrated  Bed- 
ford Missal,  at  the  sale  of  the  library  of 
James  Edwards,  esq.  of  Pall  Mall,  for  the 
sum  of  698/.  5s» 

However,  most  of  the  Duke  of  Marl- 
borough's  collections  have  been  long  since 
dispersed ;  and  during  the  latter  years  of 
his  life  his  Grace  bad  lived  in  utter  re- 
tirement at  one  comer  of  his  magnificent 
palace:   a  melancholy  instance   of  the 


538 


OniTrARY.— T/ftf  Earl  of  EnniskiUen* 


[May, 


results  of  princely  c xtravagaiiro.  1  fe  sel- 
dom qiiitti'd  the  spot ,  I'xcept  for  n  short 
visit  every  year  to  one  of  the  watering 
placeR. 

His  (Jmee  married,  Sept.  15,  1791, 
I^dy  Su«ian  Stewart,  daughter  of  John 
eighth  Karl  of  Galloway,  K.T.,  by  whom 
he  had  issue  four  sons  and  two  daughters  : 
I.  Ijady  Susan- Caroline,  who  died  an 
infant  in  17fr2:  )i.  the  Most  Noble 
(jeorge  now  Duke  of  Marlborough, 
who,  as  Marquess  of  Blandford,  has  sat 
in  the  present  Parliament  for  "Wood- 
stork  ;  he  was  born  in  1793,  and  married 
in  1819  his  cousin  Lady  Jane  Stewart, 
eldest  daughter  of  George  ninth  Earl  of 
Galloway,  K.T.,  by  whom  he  has  issue 
John. Winston  now  Marquess  of  Bland- 
ford,  two  other  sons,  and  one  daughter ; 
3.  I^rd  Charles  Spencer- Churchill,  an 
officer  in  the  army,  formerly  M.P.  for 
Woodstock,  who  married  in  1827  Ethel- 
dred- Catharine,  second  daughter  of  John 
Benett,  of  Pyt-house,  co.  Wilts,  esq., 
M.P.  for  the  southern  division  of  that 
county,  and  was  left  a  widower  in  De- 
cember last  with  several  children ;  •!.  the 
Rev.  Lord  George  Henry  Spencer- 
Churchill,  who  died  in  1828,  without 
issue,  having  married  his  cousin  Eliza- 
beth-Martha, eldest  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Edward  Nares,  D.D.,  (by  Lady  Charlotte 
Spencer,)  now  re-married  to  William 
Whatek'y,  esq.  barristcr-at-law  ;  5.  Lord 
Henry  John  Spencer- Churchill,  a  Capt. 
R.N.  and  now  in  command  of  the  Druid 
frigate  on  the  East  India  station,  who  is 
unmarried ;  and  6.  Lady  Caroline,  who 
died  in  1824^  having  married  the  late 
David  Pennant,  jun.  esq.  of  Downing, 
CO.  Flint. 

The  late  Duke's  funeral  took  place  on 
the  13th  March,  when  his  body  was  de- 
posited in  the  vault  of  the  chapel  at 
Blenheim.  It  was  attended  by  the  pre- 
sent  Duke  and  bis  three  sons,  the  Kev. 
Vaugban  Thomas,  W.  Whateley,  esq. 
&c. 

There  is  a  portrait  of  the  late  Duke  of 
Marlborough,  painted  byCosway,  R.A. 
and  engraved  by  Barney,  in  folio.  A 
painting  which  Cosway  made  of  the 
Duke's  two  boys  (the  present  Duke  and 
his  brother,  Lord  Charles)  represented  as 
playing  with  armour,  has  also  been  en- 
graved. 


The  Earl  of  Enniskillen. 
March  31.  At  Florence  Court,  co. 
Fermanagh,  in  his  72d  year,  the  Right 
Hon.  John  Willoughby  Cole,  second 
Earl  of  Enniskillen  (1789),  Viscount 
Enniskillen  (1776),  and  third  Baron 
Mountflorence,  of  Florence  Court,  co. 
Fermanagh  (17C0),  all  titles  in  the  peer* 


age  of  Ireland ;  and  the  first  Baron  Grin- 
stead  of  Grinstead,  co.  Wilts,  in  tbat  of 
the  United  Kingdom  ;  also  a  Represen- 
tative Peer  for  Ireland ;  K.  P. ;  Lord 
Lieutenant  and  Custos  Rotulorum  of  the 
county  of  Fermanagh,  &c. 

His  lordship  was  bom  on  the  23d 
March,  1768,  the  eldest  son  of  William - 
Willoughby  the  first  Earl,  by  Anne, 
only  daughter  of  Galbraith  Lowry  Cole, 
esq.  and  sister  to  the  first  Earl  of  Bel- 
more. 

He  represented  the  county  of  Ferma- 
nagh in  the  Parliament  of  Ireland,  and 
afterwards  in  that  of  the  United  King- 
dom,  until  the  death  of  his  father,  May 
22,  1803.  In  the  same  year  he  raised 
four  bodies  of  volunteers,  viz.  the  Tril- 
lick,  the  Taugher,  the  Lurdganderah, 
and  the  Callow-hill.  On  his  Other's  death, 
or  shortly  after,  he  was  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative Peer  of  Ireland ;  and  on  the  ilth 
Aug.  1815,  he  was  created  a  Peer  of  the 
United  Kingdom,  by  the  title  of  Baron 
Grinstead,  of  Grinstead,  co.  Wilts.  He 
was  nominated  a  Knight  of  St.  Patrick 
in  18H. 

The  Earl  of  Enniskillen  was  exceed- 
ingly popular  in  his  own  countiy ;  and 
nothing  could  exceed  the  terms  of  regret 
in  which  his  loss  is  lamented  by  sei^ral 
of  the  Irish  papers.  His  body  was  in- 
terred  in  the  family  vault  underneath 
Erne  church,  on  Monday  the  13tb  of 
April,  attended  by  his  two  sons,  the  pre- 
sent Earl,  and  the  Hon.  John  Cole;  and 
his  two  brothers,  Gen.  Sir  Lowry  Cole, 
and  the  Hon.  Henry  Arthur  Cole ;  Us 
brothers  in  law  Mr.  Townley  Balfour  and 
Mr.  Owen  Wynne,  of  Hadewood,  "nd 
other  relatives.  The  service  vnm  read  by 
the  Hon.  and  Rev.  J.  C.  Maude. 

His  lordship  married,  Oct.  15,  1805, 
Lady  Charlotte  Paget,  fourth  daughter  of 
Henry  first  Earl  of  Uxbridge,  and  siater 
to  the  Marquess  of  Anglesey,  K.G.9  and 
by  that  lady,  who  died  on  the  86th  Jan. 
1817,  he  had  issue  three  sons  whosuryive 
him,  besides  another  son  and  one  daugh- 
ter who  are  deceased.  Their  names  are 
as  follow:  1.  the  Right  Hon.  \^Uiam- 
Willoughby  now  Earl  of  Enniskillen, 
late  M.P.  in  the  present  Parliament  for 
the  county  of  Fermanagh ;  he  was  bom 
in  1807,  but  is  at  present  unmarried;  8. 
the  Hon.  Henry  Arthur  Cole*  Capt. 
7th  Dragoons,  Colonel  of  the  Ferma* 
nagh  Militia,  and  M.P.  for  Ennis- 
killen ;  3.  Lady  Jane  -  Annis  -  Louisa- 
Florence,  who  died  in  1831,  in  her  SOth 
year ;  4.  the  Hon.  John  Cole,  bom  In 
1815;  and  5.  the  Hon.  Lowry-Balfour, 
who  died  in  1818,  in  his  third  year. 


1 840.]  Obituary.— Ear/  of  Morley.-^Rt.  Hon.  Sir  G.  Hewett,  Bart. 


The  Earl  of  Morley. 

March  14.  At  Saltram,  near  Ply- 
mouth, in  his  68th  year,  the  Right  Hon. 
John  Parker,  first  Earl  of  Morley,  and 
Viscount  Boringdon,  of  North  Molton, 
CO.  Devon  0815),  and  second  Baron  Bo- 
ringdon,  of  Boringdon,  co.  Devon  (1784); 
F.R.S.  andD.C.L. 

His  lordship  was  bom  May  3,  1772, 
the  only  son  of  John  first  Lord  Boring, 
don,  by  his  second  wife,  the  Hon.  The- 
resa  Robinson,  second  daughter  of  Tho- 
mas first  Lord  Grantham,  and  aunt  to 
the  present  Earl  de  Grey,  and  the  Earl  of 
Ripon.  He  succeeded  to  the  peerage 
whilst  still  in  his  minority,  on  the  death 
of  his  father,  April  27,  1788.  He  was  a 
member  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  where 
he  was  created  D.C.L.  June  18»  1799  ; 
and  he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal 
Society  in  1795. 

When  a  young  man  Lord  Boringdon 
was  a  frequent  speaker  in  the  House  of 
Lords,  where  he  supported  the  ministers 
of  Mr.  Pitt  and  his  Tory  successors.  He 
was  raised  to  the  title  of  a  Viscount  and 
Earl,  with  the  titles  already  mentioned,  by 
patent  dated  Nov.  29,  1815. 

In  the  neighbourhood  of  Plymouth, 
the  Earl  of  Morley  was  universally  re- 
spected and  beloved.  Few  noblemen  pos- 
sessed  so  much  public  spirit,  for,  whenever 
any  plan  calculated  to  promote  the  public 
benefit  was  suggested,  he  was  always 
ready  to  use  all  his  interest  in  promoting 
it.  Among  the  improvements  in  that 
vicinity  for  which  the  public  are  indebted 
to  his  late  lordship,  is  the  beautiful  bridge 
of  the  Laira,  in  connexion  with  the  new 
road  to  Totnes.  His  lordship  also,  some 
years  since,  established  the  Plymouth 
Races,  on  a  fine  piece  of  ground  called 
Chelson  Meadow,  adjoining  Saltram 
Park,  and  situated  about  a  mile  and  a 
half  from  Plymouth.  Chelson  Meadow 
originally  formed  part  of  the  Laira 
Water ;  and  in  1809  his  Lordship  pro- 
cured an  Act  of  Parliament  for  forming 
an  embankment,  whereby  several  thou- 
sand acres  were  made  available  for  tillage, 
and  part  now  forms  the  race-course.  His 
lordship  patronised  in  the  most  liberal 
manner  all  the  public  institutions  of  Ply- 
mouth, and  all  the  charitable  societies 
had  his  name  enrolled  as  a  subscriber. 

His  lordship  was  twice  married.  His 
first  union  took  place  on  the  20th  June, 
1804,  with  Lady  Augusta  Fane,  second 
daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Westmorland, 
and  sister  to  the  Countess  of  Jersey ; 
which  marriage  was  dissolved  in  Feb. 
1809,  and  her  ladyship  is  now  the  wife  of 
the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Arthur  Paget,  G.C.B. 
There  was  one  son  of  this  marriage, 
Henry- Villiers  Viscount  Boringdon,  who 


died  in  1817,  in  his  12th  year.     The 
of  Morley  married  secondly,   Aug. 
1809,    Frances,    daughter    of    Th< 
Talbot,  of  Wymondham,    co.    Nor 
esq.  and  by  her  ladyship,  who  sur 
him,  he  had  issue  one  son  and  one  df 
ter,  the  Right  Hon.  Edmund,  now 
of  Morley,  and  Lady  Caroline-*Al 
drina,  who  died  in  1818^  in  her  i 
year. 

The  present  Earl  was  bom  in  U 
and  is  unmarried.     He  is  one  of  the  Gr 
tlemen  of  the  Bedchamber  to  his  Ro 
Highness  Prince  Albert. 

Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Geo.  HeweitI  Bart. 

March  21.     At  his  seat,   Fre 
Park,  near  Southampton,  aged 
Right  Hon.  Sir  Geoi^e  Hewett,  j>aT^.  • 
Privy  Councillor  in  Ireland,  General  iit'^ 
the  army,  and  for  forty  years  Colonel  of  ■ 
the  61st  Foot. 

He  was  descended  from  an  old  Leices?^ 
tershire  family,  and  was  the  only  son  <^ 
Major  Shuckbui^h  Hewett,  of  Melton 
Mowbray,  by  Miss  Anne  Ward.  He  was  - 
appointed  Lieutenant  of  the  70th  foot  the 
20th  April  1764,  Captain  the  2d  June 
1775 ;  Major  of  the  43rd  foot  the  31st 
Dec.  1781 ;  Colonel  the  1st  March  1794, 
Major.  General  the  3d  May  1796,  Colonel 
of  the  61st  foot  the  4th  April  1800,  Lieu- 
tenant-General  the  25th  Sept.  1803,  and 
General  the  4th  June  1813. 

He  served  in  America,  and  in  the  East 
and  West  Indies,  and  was  for  some  time 
Commander-in-chief  of  the  Forces  in  the 
East  Indies.  He  was  created  a  Baronet 
by  patent  dated  6th  Nov.  1813. 

He  married,  the  26th  July  1785,  Julia, 
daughter  of  John  Johnson,  of  Blackheath, 
esq.  by  whom  he  had  issue  twelve  chil- 
dren,  five  sons  and  seven  daughters.  The 
former  are:  1.  Sir  George  Henry  Hewett, 
who  has  succeeded  to  the  title,  and  is  a 
Lieut-Colonel  in  the  army  ;  he  was 
born  in  1791,  and  married  in  1816, 
Louisa,  youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Rt. 
Rev.  Henry  William  Majendie,  D.D. 
Lord  Bishop  of  Bangor,  by  whom  he  has 
several  children ;  2.  John,  an  officer  in 
the  army,  deceased ;  3.  Major  William 
"  Hewett,  who  married  in  1826  Sarah, 
daughter  of  the  late  Gen.  Sir  James  Duff, 
Knt. ;  4.  Charles  ;  and  5.  Philip,  who 
married  in  1828  Anne,  youngest  daughter 
of  Gen.  Sir  James  Duff.  The  daughters  : 
1.  Julia,  married  to  Gen.  Cary ;  2.  Eliza, 
married  to  Major  John  Johnson,  Deputy 
Adjutant-gen.  in  the  East  Indies,  and 
died  in  India ;  3.  Anne,  married  in  1818 

to Miller,  M.D.  of  Exeter,  and  died 

in  1833;  4.  Charlotte;  5.  Catharine- 
PVances;  6.  Frances,  died  in  18*27,  ut\- 
married;  and  7*  Maiianne, 


540        ObituarT.— i^cfoi.  Sir  Harr^  B.  Neak,  Bart.  G.C.B^      tJ^^J* 

In  1703  bo  was  apfKiinted  acting  Cap- 
tain of  the  Vengeance,  74  s  and  upon  tbe 
breaking  ont  of  the  war,  to  tbe  command 
of  tbe  Aiuuble,  32.  Under  Lord  Hood's 
orders  be  landed  the  seamen  and  marines 
wlio  assisted  in  tbe  defence  of  Toulon  ; 
and  was,  afterwards^  witb  Capt.  Ingle* 
field,  of  the  Aigle,  convoy  to  tbe  trade 
from  Smyrna  and  Salonica  to  Malta. 
Whilst  employed  in  the  blockade  and  n- 
duction  of  Corsica,  bo  Xook.  the  MoaeUe 
24,  which  surrendered,  after  an  eschaugo 
of  broadsides.  During  this  time  he  waa 
constantly  engaged  with  batteries,  or  in 
preventing  the  importation  of  suppliea 
from  France.  He  was  next  eflatjployed, 
in  conjunction  with  Capt.  logleneldt  in 
arran^ng  the  formation  of  a  naval  dep6t 
at  Ajaccio  in  that  island. 

On  the  15tb  April  1795  Sir  Harry 
Burrard  married  Grace- Eliiabetb,  eldest 
daughter  and  coheiress  of  Aobert  Neale, 
of  Shaw  House,  co.  Wilts,  eaq*  and  be 
thereupon  assumed  tbe  niuae  of  Neale, 
by  royal  sign  manuaL 

In  tbe  same  year  be  waa  appointed  to 
the  St.  Fiorenzo,  and  continued  in  )iei 
command  until  1800.  His  services  were 
chiefly  confined  to  the  Fieach  coast ;  and, 
in  company  witb  the  Phaeton,  Hon. 
Capt.  Stopford,  he  phased  La  Beaist- 
ance,  which  escaped,  after  aeveial  broad- 
sides, under  the  protection  of  the  bitte* 
ries.  In  1797,  in  company  witb  the 
Nymph,  Capt.  Cooke,  be  took  tlM  aama 
ship,  of  48  guns,  and  345  men*  and  the 
Constance,  24  guns,  180  men,  after  an 
action  of  half  an  hour,  without  tbe  Iom  of 
a  man  killed  or  wounded.  For  tUi  be 
received  the  thanks  of  the  Admirstof. 
La  Resistance  was  renamed  t)ie  fw^ 
guard,  in  allusion  to  her  return  from  the 
expedition  to  Wales.  He  then  took  aqd 
burnt  two  of  a  convoy,  which  be  chased 
into  Belleisle  Roads ;  and  he  afterwuda 
fell  in  with  the  same  convoy  again,  under 
the  protection  of  five  large  Frenob  Id- 
gates,  and  succeeded  in  capturinf  fimr 
more. 

In  the  same  year  be  was  ordered  to  the 
Nore,  to  convey  the  Frincesa  Royal*  um 
her  marriage,  to  the  Continent.  The 
British  fleet  was,  at. that  time,  in  e  kick 
state  of  mutiny ;  and,  although  Uiey  aue* 
ceeded  in  preventing  the  equipment  of  the 
vessels,  they  could  not  shake  tbe  loyeltj 
of  Sir  Harry's  crew.  In  oontequenee  oF 
the  ^uiet  state  of  the  St.  Fioremo^  coula- 
martial  were  ordered  to  assemble  on  board 
of  this  ship.  The  mutineen  sent  tlieir 
delegates  with  cutlassea  and  piatdia,  and 
posted  them  at  the  calmudoort;  Sir  Harrj 
ordered  them  firom  tbe  abipi  end  waa 
obeyed.  Tbe  mutineen  then  eoqpiainted 
the  St.  floieii«o»  that  if  hat  jmdfriU 


The  loss  of  Sir  Georgo  Hewctt  is 
greatly  regretted  by  his  family  and  nume- 
rous iriends,  but  more  especially  the  poor, 
to  whom  he  was  a  most  liberal  benefactor. 
Sir  George  was  the  fourth  on  the  list  of 
generals  ;  and  it  was  somewhat  singular 
that,  although  enjoying  tolerable  health  a 
long  time  preceding,  and  anxiously  wish- 
ing  to  see  his  old  comrades  once  more,  he 
took  to  his  bed  the  day  his  regiment 
landed  at  Southampton  on  their  return 
from  Ceylon. 

Adm.  Sir  H.  B.  Nealk,  Babt.  G.C.B. 

Feb.  1j.  At  Brighton,  aged  76,  Sir 
Harry  Biurard  Neale,  the  second  Baro- 
net, of  Walbampton,  CO.  Hants  (1769); 
G.C.B.  Admiral  of  the  Wbite. 

Sir  Harry  Neale  was  the  eldest  son  of 
Colonel  William  Burrard,  by  his  second 
wife,  Mary,  daughter  of  Joseph  Pearce, 
esq.  of  Lymington;  and  nephew  to  Sir 
Harry  Burrard,  who  was  created  a  Baro- 
net in  1769. 

He  entered  the  navy  on  board  the  Roe- 
buck, 44  guns,  Capt.  Sir  Andrew  Ham- 
mond (afterwards  Snape  Douglas),  in 
1778.  He  was  present  at  the  siege  of 
Charleston,  the  destruction  of  tbree 
American  frigates,  the  reduction  of  Sa- 
vannah-le-Mar,  and  the  capture  at  sea  of 
two  American  frigates,  the  Confederacy 
and  the  Protector.  In  1781,  he  was  in 
the  Chatham,  50,  Capt.  Sir  A.  Snape 
Douglas,  when  she  took  the  Magicienne, 
after  an  action  of  half  an  hour ;  and  was 
active,  also,  in  the  capture  of  several  pri- 
vateers. In  1783  he  >vas  appointed  act- 
ing Lieutenant  on  board  the  Perseverance, 
Capt.  Lutewick,  where  he  had  an  oppor- 
tunity  of  seeing  Gen.  Washington ;  and 
on  his  return  home  he  served  on  board 
the  Hector,  74,  Sir  William  Hamilton, 
and  the  £urope,  50,  bearing  Adm.  James' 
flag  in  the  West  Indies.  During  the  hur- 
ricane of  1785,  he  volunteered  to  save  tbe 
lives  of  five  men  floating  on  a  wreck,  and, 
with  extreme  personal  peril,  succeeded; 
for  this  he  received  the  thanks  of  the 
Admiralty  and  of  his  captain.  He  was 
afterwards  in  the  Flora,  Capt.  Storey, 
and  the  Astraa,  Capt.  Rainier.  In  1787 
his  Lieutenancy  was  confirmed,  on 
board  the  Expedition,  Capt.  Chetwynd ; 
and  in  1790  be  was  appointed  to  the 
Southampton,  Capt.  (afterwards  Sir 
Richard)  Keats,  and  next  to  the  Victory, 
100,  bearing  Lord  Hood's  flag.  He  was 
afterwards  made  Commander  in  the 
Orestes,  18,  and  was  employed  on  the 
Coast  Preventive  service,  and  to  attend 
his  Majesty  George  III.  at  Weymouth. 

Lieut.  Burrard  succeeded  to  the  title  of 
Baronet  on  the  death  of  bis  uncle,  the 
12th  April  1791.  ' 


IS  10.]    Obituary.— //(^M.  Sir  Hwrry  B.  Neale,  Bari,  G.C.B.  541 

in  with  the  Marengo,  80  guns,  Adin, 
Liiioia,  and  740  men,  and  the  Belle 
Puulc,  48  guns  and  Ci^O  men.  After  an 
nctiun,  which  lasted  three  quarters  of  an 
hour,  in  which  the  London,  from  her 
lowor-deck  guns  being  so  near  the  water's 
edge,  was  prevented  using  them,  the 
French  ships  separated  by  signal.  Tho 
Ramillies  came  up,  and,  passing  by  tbo 
London,  the  Marengo  surrendered  with- 
out tiring  another  shot.  The  Amaxon 
sailed  alter  the  iklle  Poule  and  took  her. 
The  London  lost  1  midshipman  (Mr. 
Hooke,  a  nephew  of  Sir  Harry)  who  was 
killed  bv  a  shot  from  the  Belle  Poule, 
lU  killed  and  a^J  wounded.  The  Admi- 
ral  and  Captain  of  the  Marengo  were 
wounded,  as  well  as  87  more,  and  G5 
were  killed.  Her  Majesty  Queen  Char- 
lotte wrote  with  her  own  hand  a  letter  of 
congratulation  to  Sir  Harry  Neole  upon 
his  success.  After  his  return  home  be 
was  again  appointed  a  Lord  of  the  Admi- 
ralty,  and  next  to  the  command  of  the 
Royal  Sovereign  Yacht,  in  attendance 
upon  the  King.  In  1808  he  was  made 
Captain  of  the  Channel  Heet,  under 
Lord  Giimbier,  in  the  Ville  dc  i'aris,  and 
wa.s  present  at  the  destruction  of  the 
French  ships  in  Basque  Roads.  His 
name  was  included  in  the  vote  of  thanks 
by  the  House  of  Commons  to  Lord  Gam- 
bier.  In  1810  he  was  made  Rear- Ad- 
mi ral,  and  was  second  in  command  in  the 
Channel  Fleet  in  the  Caledonia.  In  18U 
he  was  made  Vice- Admiral  and  Knigfat- 
(loninmnder  of  the  Bath,  and  in  1821 
riHreived  the  Grand  Cross  of  the  Order. 

in  Ih3i3  he  was  ap|>ointed  to  the  chief 
rommand  in  the  Mediterranean*  where 
he  wttM  succeeded  by  Sir  Edward  Codring - 
ton.  if  there  was  one  good  quality  more 
predominant  than  others  in  Sir  Harry,  it 
was  his  coolness  and  judgment ;  and  had 
ho  furtnnatdy  commanded  at  a  later 
pciitMl,  the  country  might  have  been  saved 
the  very  great  injury  which,  in  the  judg- 
ment of  MinihCers  themselves  the  impro- 
vident de>truction  of  the  Turkihh  fleet 
inflicted  upon  our  interests  in  the  Medi* 
trrranean. 

Sir  Harry  then  returned  to  his  seat  in 
HanijMhire,  where,  upon  the  death  of 
A  dm.  Sir  Thomas  Foley,  be  was  named 
by  King  William  1 V.  to  the  command  at 
I'ortsmuuth^tt  command,  the  King  added 
in  a  mo^t  flattering  manner,  which  had 
constantly  bevii  in  the  perMMial  nomination 
of  the  Crown,  and  neviT  had  lieon  consi- 
dered a  ministerial  ap|Miintment.  1  iowe«'er» 
Sir  James  Graham,  who  wan  at  this  time 
firfet  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  required,  as 
a  condition  for  confirming  the  appoint- 
ment,  that  Sir  Harry  Neale  shoula  resign 
hii  icat  fof  Lymington,   Thisj  Sii  IUii/» 


luit  cheer  with  the  others,  the  Defiance, 
(ils  should  run  ulungside,  and  tire  into  her. 
Anil  the  next  day  the  Detiancc  came 
down,  with  the  men  at  their  qiiurtcrd, 
iiiiitclu's  ii^Iited,  und  ^uns  loaded ;  but 
on! v" one  shot  was  tired,  fur  such  was  the 
"^treii^th  uf  the  wind,  and  rapidity  of  the 
tide,  that  the  attempt  was  frubtrated. 
The  loyalty  ot  the  crew  enabled  Sir  Harry 
to  aetiu.iin't  JOarl  Spencer,  then  First 
Lord  ot  the  Admiralty,  with  the  plans  of 
the  inutiiieers;  und,  when  the  favourable 
opporttinity  presented  itself,  the  St. 
Kionii/u  escaped  from  the  mutineers, 
.(Iter  receiving  the  lire  from  the  whole 
lUct,  which  very  much  damaged  the  ship. 
Stu  waN  followed  hy  the  Clyde,  und  ar- 
lived  sitely  at  Spitheud.  This  broke  up 
tlie  celebrated  mutiny  at  the  Nore.  For 
this  Sir  Harry  received  the  thanks  of  the 
iiieuiiiiiits  of  London,  as  well  as  an  ad- 
dre»  ii.oin  l^udlow,  conveving  VML  Sir. 
^iihMiilK-d  at  the  time,  to  be  distributed 
.iiiioii^.'nI  the  crew.  Karl  Spencer,  in  his 
leitd-  uj>ou  this  occasion,  said, — *Mie 
jollied  ill  the  Ktroiige»t  terms,  in  (lie  ap- 
plau^e  and  admiration  of  hi*  conduct,  and 
rr]t>ii-ed  that  none  ot  his  gallant  and  lo^'ul 
|u(>p!e  liail  Mitl'ered  in  the  execution 
ot  lii»  plan.*'  George  Hi.  assured  Sir 
Harry,  that  he  should  always  bear  in 
iiiiiid  this  most  important  service,  ond 
thai  it  wait  his  intention  he  should  have 
tlie  red  iibhoii  of  the  Hath,  then  a 
much  rarer  honour  than  at  present.  In 
n<ft)  he  was  under  I^ord  liridjMirt's  or- 
dei><  in  the  (  haiMiel,  when,  in  company 
with  the  Anuiia,  Hon.  (*apt.  Herbert, 
liiey  tell  in  with  three  I'Vench  frigates. 
La  \  en^cance,  4b  guns,  und  two  of  a 
MiLiller  ci.t«s.  A  violent  squall  troiu  the 
iiortli-we^t  had  ju<*t  carried  oir the  Ame- 
lu's  t«)|>  ma<)ts.  .An  action  ensued  for 
licaily  two  hours,  when  the  enemy  bore 
uj»  toV  the  Loire.  The  French  account 
sidttv  tlie  Coinnxxlore  to  have  been 
killed,  and  1  U)  men  killed  and  wounded. 
The  St.  Fioreiizo  had  1  man  killed  and 
Is  wounded;  tin-  Amelia  1  othcer,  1  man 
killed,  and  lil  wounded.  For  this  he 
iiK'.iiii  received  the  thanks  of  the  Admi- 
ralty. 

Ill  IMII  Sir  Harry  was  appointed  to 
ti:e  (  eiitaur  7t,  and  ufterwuids  to  the 
It  oval  Charlotte  Yacht,  in  attendance 
upon  tie  Kin^'.  In  Ihlil  he  hud  the 
coiiiinand  ot  eigiit  Irigutes  and  several 
f'UM. boats  Ht  the  mouth  of  the  Tliumes; 
und  the  iiame  year  was  nioile  a  Lord  of 
the  Admiralty.  In  iMK'i  he  wan  up|Kiint- 
id  to  the  Iloyal  Sovereign  Vu<;ht ;  and 
next  itiinnianded  the  Loiidon.  V^  gui'S 
III  the  ><iUHdron  of  Sir  J.  iL  Warren. 
The  London,  being  a  bad  sailor,  was 
sUtioiicd  to  the  wiudwwdi  when  ihe  fell 


642 


OBiTUARY.^Cren.  Sir  Josiah  Champagni, 


Ofay, 


as  a  man  of  honour,  could  not  do ;  and, 
accordingly,  the  King  regretted  that  he 
could  not  perforin  his  promise,  and  that 
what  had  iiichcrto  been  an  appurtenance 
to  the  Crown,  should  now  be  entirely  at 
the  disposal  of  Ministers.  It  is  fair  to  Sir 
James  Graham  to  add,  that  he  admitted, 
ill  the  presence  of  other  veterans  of  the 
Navy,  having  acted  erroneously ;  and  the 
subsequent  disposal  of  this  species  of 
ministerial  patronage,  proves  them  to 
have  taken  a  totally  different  view  of  the 
union  of  professional  and  parliamentary 
duties :  so  that  it  may  fairly  be  said,  in 
this  as  in  other  instances,  that  Sir  Harry 
JH&ae  always  deserved  what  he  got,  al- 
though he  did  not  always  get  what  he 
deserved.  In  reviewing  his  services, 
they  comprise  thirty-two  years.  He 
served  on  board  twenty  ships,  and  a 
similar  number  were  either  taken  or 
destroyed  under  his  orders. 

Sir  Harry  Ncale  was  for  the  greater 
part  of  his  life  one  of  the  representatives 
in  Parliament  for  Lymington  in  Hamp- 
shire,  where  long  family  connexion  had 
given  him  a  predominant  interest.  He 
was  first  returned  for  that  borough  at  the 
general  election  of  1790,  together  with 
his  cousin  Major  Harry  Burrard  (after- 
wards  created  a  Baronet  in  1807),  and 
was  re-elected  in  1796.  In  1802  his 
cousin  (then  Major- Gen.  Burrard)  was 
returned  in  his  place ;  but  in  1806  he  re- 
sumed his  seat,  and  he  continued  to  hold 
it  until  the  alteration  consequent  on  the 
Reform  of  Parliament 

His  personal  influence,  however,  arising 
from  his  suavity  of  manners,  warm  bene- 
volence, and  honourable  hospitality,  were 
very  great.  He  lived  in  the  world,  but 
never  neglected  the  couch  of  the  sick  or 
the  cabin  of  the  poor.  His  fellow-towns- 
men shewed  their  sense  of  bis  value, 
when  for  a  week  preceding  his  funeral 
the  shops  were  closed,  and  two  hundred 
tradesmen  spontaneously  attended  his  fu- 
neral though  intended  to  be  private.  His 
body  was  borne  from  his  house  at  Wal- 
hampton  to  the  grave  by  twenty-four  poor 
labouring  men. 

His  friends  have  determined  to  erect  a 
column  to  his  memory,  which,  erected  in 
his  native  place,  may  perpetuate  their  es- 
teem. During  the  iirst  fortnight  the  sub- 
scriptions amounted  to  more  than  800/. 
The  Queen  Dowager  and  the  Princess 
Augusta,  and  the  Duchess  of  Gloucester 
have  tendered  the  sums  of  50/.  each  (the 
maximum  admitted)  accompanied  by  ex- 
pressions which  lend  them  additional 
value.  It  is  proposed  that  the  testimo- 
nial shall  consist  of  a  pillar  or  obelisk  of 
60  or  70  feet  in  height,  having  an  appro- 
poate  inscription  on  ^qh  fa^e  of  the  pe^ 


destal,  together  with  such  ornamental 
bas-relief  in  illustration  of  the  profies- 
sional  services  of  the  deceased,  as  tibc 
funds  will  permit ;  and  be  erected  on  an 
elevated  and  conspicuous  spot,  opposite 
the  main  street  of  Lymington,  on  the 
Walhampton  estate,  and  left  bank  of 
the  river.  Such  an  object  would  be 
seen  at  a  considerable  distance  in  almost 
every  direction: — by  sea,  from  Stoke's 
bay  to  St.  Alban's  h«d  —  (compre- 
hending the  Isle  of  Wight,  the  Solent, 
Needles*  Passage,  &c.)  And  it  is  in- 
tended  (if  possible)  to  unite  utility  wiUi 
ornament,  by  rendering  the  pUhir  a  sea- 
mark for  clearing  the  shoals  in  the  Needles' 
Passage  and  Solent — thus  increasing  the 
interest  with  which  such  an  object  must 
be  ever  viewed— as  contributing  to  the 
safetv  of  that  fleet  and  service,  of  which  he, 
to  whom  it  is  to  be  erected,  was  so  gal- 
lant and  eminently-successful  a  leader, 
and  by  whom  he  was  universally  loved  and 
honoured. 

Sir  Harry  having  had  no  children,  the 
title  has  devolved  on  his  brother,  the  Rev. 
George  Burrard,  Hector  of  ^Tarmouth, 
1.  W.  who  has  a  numerous  family. 

Gen.  Sir  Josiah  Champagne,  G.C.H. 

Jan.  31,  In  Harley  Street,  aged  86, 
Sir  Josiah  Champagne,  G.C.H.,  a  Ge- 
neral in  the  army,  and  Colonel  of  the  17th 
foot. 

This  officer  received,  the  28th  of  Jan. 
1775,  an  ensigncy  in  the  3l8t  foot;  in 
March,  1776,  he  embarked  with  his  re- 
giment, and  landed  in  America  in  May ; 
and  remained  on  active  service  till  the 
peace,  when  he  returned  to  England. 
The  11th  July,  1777,  he  obtained  his 
lieutenancy ;  in  April  1783,  a  company 
in  the  99th  foot ;  and  in  March,  1784,  a 
company  in  the  3rd  foot.  Capt.  Cham- 
pagn<;  joined  his  corps  in  May  of  the 
latter  3rear,  in  Jamaica;  and  in  1785, 
went  with  the  expedition  to  the  Spanish 
main;  he  continued  in  the  West  Indiea- 
five  years,  and  then  returned  to  England. 
In  1793,  he  again  embarked  for  the  West 
Indies,  under  Sir  C.  Grey,  but  proceeded 
to  the  relief  of  Nieuport;  on  the  18th 
of  Sept.  was  appointed  to  a  majority  in 
the  80th  foot,  and  the  19th  £1^.  to  a 
Lieut..  Colonelcy.  In  179i  he.  again  went 
to  the  Continent,  and  returned  with  the 
army  in  1795;  be  twice  embarked  in  the 
latter  year,  in  command  of  his  regiitaent^ 
for  the  coast  of  France ;  the  misfortune 
at  Quiberon  prevented  the  first  ei]>edi- 
tion  from  proceeding  beyond  Plymouth ; 
the  second,  under  Major- Gen.  Doyle, 
took  possession  of  Isle  Dieu,  and  re- 
mained on  that  service  till  January  1796^ 
when  hereturqed  to  Eng^Uud. . 


1840.]     Obituary. — Eear-Jdm,  Tat  ham, ^^  Rear*  Adm,  Holies. 


543 


In  March  1796,  Lieut. -Col.  Cham- 
pagii*^  embarked  in  command  of  his  re- 
ginnMit  for  the  C^ipe  of  Good  Hope,  and 
ut  the  close  of  the  year  sailed  with  it  for 
the  F:a.st  Indies.  The  2Gth  of  Jan.  1707, 
he  was  appointed  ("olonel,  by  brevet; 
and  in  1800,  to  the  command  of  an  expe- 
dition against  Batavia,  with  the  rank 
of  Urigudier-Creneral;  but  which  was 
RubstMpiently  countermanded.  In  1801 
li(>  was  appointed  second  in  command  to 
the  army  which  sailed  from  India  for 
Kg)'])t ;  in  1803  he  returned  to  England, 
und  tlie  26th  Sept.  of  that  year  was  ap- 
pointed  Major. General  ;  on  the  25th  of 
July,  1810,  Lieut. -General;  the  25lh  of 
Feb.  1810,  Colonel  of  the  41st  foot ;  from 
which  he  was  removed  to  the  Colonelcy 
of  the  I7tli  foot  the  1  ith  June,  1819. 
lie  attained  the  full  rank  of  (General  19th 
July,  \^n. 

Rear.  A  DM.  Tatham. 

Jan.  2k  At  bis  seat,  Hornby  Castle, 
near  Lancaster,  aged  84,  Sandford  Ta- 
tliani,  esq.  a  retired  Hear- Admiral  R.N. 

Admiral  Tatham  was  the  son  and  heir 
of  the  Rev.  Sandford  Tatham,  M.A. 
Hector  of  Hutton,  co.  Cumberland,  and 
Vicar  of  Appleby,  co.  Westmorland,  by 
Kiizal>eth,  second  daughter  of  Henry 
Marsden,  of  Wennington  ball,  in  Lons. 
dale,  CO.  I^ncaster,  esq.  and  aunt  to  John 
Marsden,  esq.  of  Hornby  (^stle,  who 
died  in  182(). 

We  have  not  very  full  particulars  of 
hi<  professional  services.  During  the 
Hu^sian  armament  in  1791,  he  com- 
manded  the  Argo,  a  4l.gun  ship,  armed 
rnjinte,  in  North  America.  In  1793  he 
wuM  appointed  to  the  Dromedary  store 
•<hip,  and  accompanied  the  expedition 
under  Sir  John  Jervis  and  Sir  Charles 
Grey  to  the  West  Indies. 

On  the  8th  Feb.  1794,  whilst  employed 
in  covering  the  debarkation  of  the  third 
brigade  of  the  army  on  the  side  of  Cas  de 
Navires,  in  the  Island  of  Martinique,  the 
I  )romedary,  venturing  too  near  the  bat- 
tery on  Foint  Negro,  received  a  shot  be- 
tween wind  and  water,  and  a  second 
through  her  upper  works,  which  killed 
one  man  and  wounded  four,  among  whom 
wnH  Captain  Tatham. 

Our  oflicer  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Fost-Captain,  Nov.  4,  17M;  em- 
ploved  on  the  Impress  service  in  179H 
arifl  17i)9;  and  obtained  the  superannua- 
tion of  a  Hear-Admiral,  Dec.  7,  1813. 

During  the  latter  years  of  his  life  Adm. 
Taitham  was  engaged  in  one  of  the  most 
memorable  legal  contests  of  modem 
times.  Hornby  Castle,  near  Leeds,  the 
ancient  mansion  of  the  Stanleys  Lords 
Montcagle,  wu  purchaaed  in    17b9  bj 


John  Marsden,  of  Wennington  hall,  esq. 
from  the  Earl  of  Charteris.  Mr.  Mars- 
den died  issueless,  July  1,  1826,  appoint- 
ing in  his  last  will  George  Wright,  esq. 
of  Hexham,  as  his  devisee  in  trust  for 
the  heir.  The  Rev.  Anthony  Lister,  of 
Wennington  ball,  Vicar  of  Gargrove,  co. 
York,  pursuant  to  Mr.  Maiden's  will 
(dated  l4th  June  1822)  took  the  name  of 
Marsden  only  by  royal  license  dated  Feb. 
27,  1827  ;  and  was  then  reputed  the  suc- 
cessor to  the  property.  Adm.  Tatham 
claimed  as  cousin  and  heir  in  blood,  dis- 
puting the  sanity  of  the  testator.  At  the 
first  trial,  at  York  assizes,  the  will  was 
established  ;  but  further  proceedings  were 
taken,  and  the  litigation  was  finally  set- 
tled only  in  1836,  after  eleven  days*  trial 
at  Lancaster,  when  Adm.  Tatham  entered 
with  great  rejoicings,  upon  the  estate, 
the  rental  of  which  was  estinmted  at 
neariv  7000/.  (see  our  vol.  VI.  p.  428.) 
A  full  report  of  the  legal  proceedings  of 
Tatham  r.  Wright,  has  been  published 
in  two  volumes  octavo. 

Adm.  Tatham  has  left  a  widow,  without 
children.  He  has  devised  his  estates  to 
Pudsey  Dau*son,  esq. 


Robert  Rolleb,  Esq. 

Nov,  18.  At  Brighton,  aged  75,  Ro- 
bert Rolles,  esq.  Rear-Adroiral  of  the 
Red. 

At  the  commencemerit  of  the  war  with 
France,  in  1793,  this  officer  commanded 
the  Lord  Mulgrave  hired  armed  ship,  of 
20  guns,  employed  in  convoyine  the  trade 
between  Spithead  and  HuU,  the  under- 
writers of  which  port  presented  him  with 
a  handsome  piece  of  plate,  for  his  great 
care  and  diligent  attention  to  their  inte- 
rests whilst  on  that  station. 

On  the  12th  August  1795^  Capt.  Rollcfl 
was  posted  into  the  Laurel,  of  28  gnni ; 
and  in  the  spring  of  the  following  year, 
assisted  at  the  reduction  of  St.  Li^ii^  hj 
the  forces  under  the  orders  of  Sir  Hugh 
C.  Christian  and  Sir  Ralph  Abercroin^. 
He  subsequentiv  commanded  the  Rc- 
nomm^  and  Alarm  frigates,  on  the  Ja- 
maica station,  and  returned  to  Engkndin 
the  Utter,  about  the  year  1800. 

During  his  continuance  in  the  West 
Indies  this  officer  captured  several  of  the 
enemy's  privateers  and  armed  packets^  and 
a  Spanisn  national  schooner,  of  li  gOM. 
He  also  assisted  in  taking  the  Astunana, 
letter  of  marque,  mounting  24  guns  and  4 
brass  howitzers,  with  a  complement  of 
100  men,  from  Cadiz  to  Vera  Cruz,  rich- 
ly laden. 

We  nezt  find  Capt.  RoUes  comnuuid- 
ing  the  Lion  of  64  guna,  in  the  East  In- 
diet  {   from  whence  he  cooToyed  bone 


£44  J.  r.  p.  fl-  Treoanion,  Esq^^^C.  B.  WoUaH(m,  Esq.     CMay, 

Frendi  Burdett,  Bart  M.P.  uid  by  that 
lady,  who  lurfiyes,  he  had  one  daughter. 


aereii]  of  the  Hon.Coinpany*s  shiM ;  and 
for  thii  service  was  presented  oy  the 
Court  of  Directors  with  the  sum  of  500/. 
for  the  purchase  of  a  piece  of  plate.  On 
the 87th  Dec.  I80B,  the  Lion  captured  La 
Reciprocity  French  privateer,  of  14  guns 
and  45  men,  off  Beach v  Head. 

Early  in  181 1,  Capt.  Holies  obtained  the 
command  of  the  Edinburgh,  a  new  74, 
from  which  ship  he  removed  into  the 
Union,  a  second  rate,  on  the  Mediterra- 
nean atation,  where  he  remained  until  the 
peace.  His  commission  as  Hear- Admi- 
ral bore  date  June  4,  1B14. 

Adm.  Holies  married,  first,  Dec.  22, 
1801,  Miss  Scott,  daughter  of  Hear- Adm. 
Scott  of  Spring  Hill.  Secondly,  about 
Jan.  ieH05,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Rev. 
Dr.  Rawbone,  Hector  of  Hatford,  Berks. 


J.  T.  P.  B.  Trevanion,  Esq. 

Lately.  Abroad,  aged  GO,  John  Tre- 
vanion  Purnel  Bettes worth  Trevanion, 
esq.  of  Carhayes,  Cornwall,  Colonel  of 
the  Militia  of  that  county. 

He  was  the  son  of  John  Bettesworth, 
esq.  of  Carhayes,  by  Miss  Frances 
Tomkins,  of  Pembrokeshire ;  and  grand- 
son  of  John  Bettesworth,  esq.  LL.D. 
Dean  of  the  Arches,  by  Frances,  the  el- 
der daughter  of  John  Trevanion,  esq. 
of  Carhayes,  M.P.  for  (;orn\>'aU ;  sister 
and  coheiress  of  William  Trevanion,  esq. 
oif  Carhayes,  M.  P.  for  Tregony,  who  died 
in  1707. 

Mr.  Trevanion  succeeded  to  the  family 
estates  on  his  father's  death,  and  served 
the  office  of  Sheriff  of  Cornwall  in  1804. 
He  built  at  Carhayes  a  magnificent  Go- 
thic castle,  after  a  p.an  of  Mr.  Nash,  the 
architect  of  Buckingham  Palace  and 
R^ent  Street. 

Mr.  Trevanion  was  twice  married ; 
first,  in  1801,  to  Charlotte,  daughter  and 

coheiress  of Hosier,  esq.  ^^vho, 

with  the  whole  of  his  family,  witn  the 
exception  of  his  two  daughters,  Mrs. 
Trevanion  and  Marianne,  wife  of  Lieut. - 
Gen.  Sharpe,  was  lost  in  the  Grosvenor 
£ast  Indiaman  in  1782)  by  whom  he 
had  issue  four  sons  :  1.  John  Charles 
Trevanion,  esq.  married  to  Charlotte, 
daughter  of  Trelawney  Brereton,  esq. 
and  has  issue  a  son  and  heir,  Hugh ;  2. 
Henry  Trevanion,  esq.  who  married 
Georgiana,  daughter  of  Gen.  Charles 
Leigh,  and  neice  to  the  late  celebrated 
Lord  Byron,  and  has  issue ;  3.  George, 
Lieut.  R.  N.  who  married  Gertrude, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Daniell,  of  Trelisick, 
CO.  Cornwall,  esq.  and  died  in  1832;  4. 
Frederick  William. 

Mr.  Trevanion  married  secondly,  in 
1830,  Susannah,  second  daughter  of  Sir 
12 


Charlton  Byam  WollasItom,  Esq. 
Feb.  21 .    At  his  house  at  Dorchester, 
CO.   IXorset,    aged  75,   Charlton    Bymm 
Wollaston,  esq.  for  many  years  Chairman 
of  the  Quarter  Sessions  of  that  county. 

Mr.  WoUaston  was  the  son  of  the  uite 
Charlton  Wollaston,  M.D.  F.R.S.  Phy- 
sician to  the  Queen^s  Household,  by 
Phillis,  sole  daughter  and  heir  of  Samuel 
Byam,  of  the  island  of  Antigua,  esq. 
She  married,  secondly,  the  late  James 
Frampton,  esq.  of  Moreton,  the  head  of 
the  ancient  and  honourable  house  of 
Frampton,  of  Moreton,  co.  Dorset,  the 
issue  of  which  marriage  was  the  present 
James  Frampton,  esq.  and  Mrs.  Mary 
Frampton,  to  whom,  consequently^  Bfr. 
Wollaston  was  uterine  brother.  Mr. 
Wollaston  xms  bom  Feb.  16,  1765 ;  was 
educated  at  Winchester  and  Cambridge ; 
being  entered  of  St.  John's  College,  and 
proceeded  B.A.  1786,  and  M.A.  1789; 
and  was  called  to  the  bar  at  the  Bfiddle 
Temple,  in  1809,  and  practised  on  the 
Western  Circuit,  and  at  the  Dorsetshire 
Sessions,  until  he  was  appointed  Deputy 
to  the  Judge  Advocate  General,  which 
office  he  held,  with  q^t  advantap  to 
the  public  service,  until  the  condnsion  of 
the  war.  He  succeeded  the  late  Right 
Hon.  Nathaniel  Bond  as  Recorder  of 
Dorchester,  and  the  late  Thomas  Fidmrd, 
esq.  as  Chairman  of  the  Quarter  Sesaiona. 
He  resigned  the  one  office  at  the  paaaiiig 
of  the  Municipal  (>)rporation8  Act,  and 
the  other,  to  the  great  remt  of  his  bro- 
ther magistrates,  and  of  the  public  gene- 
rally, m  consequence  of  a  failure  of 
health. 

Mr.  Wollaston*8  classical  attdnmeota 
were  considerable,  and  kept  up  wonder- 
fully, almost  to  the  dose  of  his  life.  JElla 
acuteness  and  quick  perception  of  a  iub- 
ject  were  remarkable.  His  piety  waa 
real,  based  on  the  blessed  Gospel  of 
trutn ;  but;  It  was  between  God  and  hla 
own  soul,  void  of  all  ostentation.  Ita 
fruits,  however,  were  obvious.  Hla  be- 
nevolence, his  kind  -  heartedneai^  the 
friendly  feeling  which  all  who  knew  Um 
must  have  noticed,  were  such  in  kind  and 
degree  as  only  a  Chriatian  could  poafeaa. 
From  his  pious,  social,  aiid  benevioleDt 
disposition,  few  persons  have  ^^  mors 
deservedly  lamented. 

His  remains  were,  on  the  88th  of  Feb. 
deposited  in  the  vault  of  the  FVampton 
family  at  Moreton^  where  lie  intarrea  the 
remains  of  hia  mother;  and  during  the 
morning  there  was  observed  in  Dormtter 
a  genenl  manifeBtation  of  deep  and  sb- 
cere  mourning,  and  of  thit  endniqjg  es- 


1840.]    Obituary.— /?fi;.  Dr.  GoodalL-^-^hr  Jeffry  WyaivUU.         545 


teem  wbicb  lives  beyond  the  grave.  Until 
the  prcM'eshiuii  had  passed  out  of  the 
town,  the  shops  were  closed  and  business 
WU8  suspended. 


Kkv.  Di\.  GooDALL,  Provost  of  Eton. 

March  23.  At  Eton  college,  aged  80, 
i\w  Hev.  Joseph  Goodall,  D.D.  Provost 
of  Eton,  ('anon  of  Windsor,  and  Rector 
of  West  Ilsley,  Berks. 

This  distinguished  scholar  was  born  on 
tiu'  2nd  of  March,  J 760.  The  pages  of 
the  Musa*  Etonenses  contain  ample 
proofs  of  the  elegance  of  his  diction  and 
correctness  of  his  taste  and  scholarship 
in  early  years;  and  among  the  friends  of 
his  boyhood  were  included  the  most  ac- 
complished Etonians  of  that  period — 
the  lute  Professor  Porson,  the  late  Judges 
(ribbsand  Dampier,  and  (of  those  who 
still  survive  him)  the  Marquess  Welles- 
ley,  with  whom  through  life  his  friendship 
was  uninterrupted.  Mr.  Goodall  was 
admitted  from  Eton  College  to  King's 
College,  Cambridge,  in  1778.  He  there 
obtained,  in  1782,  a  University  Scholar* 
ship,  and  in  1781  and  1782,  Sir  William 
Browne's  medals  for  the  Greek  odes  and 
epigrams.  In  the  year  1783,  when  he 
became  Kellow  of  King's  College,  he 
WHS  recalled  to  Eton  as  an  Assistant 
Master.  In  this  laborious  and  respon- 
sibie  ofiice  his  success  was  as  remarkable 
as  nin^ht  have  ))een  expected  from  the 
fame  of  his  University  honours.  To 
have  been  a  pupil  of  Mr.  Goodall  was  in 
itself  a  distinction  sought  for  with  eager- 
iH>s,  and  remembered  with  pride  and 
Kniteful  atFeetion.  Nothing  could  exceed 
the  parental  kindness  with  which  he 
Kainrd  the  n>gard  of  his  pupils  (not  even 
the  depth  and  learning  of  the  scholar), 
which  pointed  him  out  as  certain  to  suc- 
ceed at  a  later  period  to  the  more  im- 
portant office  of  Head  Master.  To  this 
situation  he  was  appointed  on  the  resig- 
nation  of  Dr.  George  Heath  in  1801. 
The  rapid  increase  of  the  school  proved 
the  high  estimation  in  which  he  was  held 
by  the  true  friends  of  Eton,  and  the  im- 
pression of  admiration  for  his  talents  ai 
instructor,  and  his  kindness  as  a  roaster, 
is  indelibly  fixed  in  the  minds  of  his  nu- 
merous surviving  scholars.  In  1806  be 
bi'came  Canon  of  Windsor  by  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  Marquess  Wellesley; 
and  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Davies  he  at- 
tained  the  merited  reward  of  his  useful 
labours,  ))eing  appointed  to  the  Provost- 
ship  by  the  express  desire  of  George  the 
Third,  although  Mr.  Perceval  (then 
Prime  Minister),  from  feelings  of  per- 
sunal  friendship,  bad  propoaed  the  name 

Gknt.  Mau.  Vol.  XuI. 


of  another  individual  to  his  Majesty.  He 
accepted  the  rectory  of  West  Ilsley  (net 
value  537/.)  from  the  Dean  and  Chapter 
of  Windsor  in  1827. 

In  the  office  of  Provost  Dr.  Goodall 
has  lived  the  object  of  respect  and  affec- 
tion to  all  who  had  the  happiness  of 
knowing  him;  his  hospitable  table  has 
ever  been  open  to  a  large  circle  of  the 
Etonians,  and  to  the  nobility  and  gentry 
of  the  two  counties  of  Berks  and  Bucks. 
His  presence,  and  the  sound  of  his  voice 
at  the  annual  College  festivals,  and  at  the 
Eton  anniversary,  will  never  be  forgotten. 
His  fresh  and  Uvely  wit  and  benevolent 
cheerfulness  gladdened  every  heart,  and 
he  never  seemed  to  receive  so  much  plea- 
sure as  when  he  felt  that  he  was  com- 
municating  it  to  others.  The  abundance 
of  his  charities  probably  exceeded  those 
of  any  individual  possessed  of  means  so 
limited,  and  filling  a  situation  so  import- 
ant. His  hand  was  open  to  all,  whether 
the  demands  were  public  or  private. 
Until  within  a  few  days  of  his  decease  he 
continued  to  enjoy  the  society  of  his 
friends,  though  for  some  years  his  consti- 
tution had  become  gradually  decayed. 
In  his  last  illness  he  suffered  for  some 
days ;  but  he  passed  away  at  last  in  the 
full  possession  of  his  understanding,  with 
perfect  calmness,  in  the  place  in  which 
he  had  lived  a  long  series  of  years,  and 
where  he  was  beloved  and  honoured  in 
the  highest  degree  by  all  classes.  There 
is  a  portrait  of  Dr.  Goodall  by  Mr.  H. 
E.  Dawe,  of  which  an  engraving  in  mes- 
zotinto  is  about  to  be  published. 


Sir  Jeffey  Wyatville,  R.A. 

Feb.  10.  In  Brook-street,  Grosvenor- 
squarc,  in  his  74th  year.  Sir  Jeffry  Wyat- 
ville, Knt.,and  Knt.  of  the  Saxon  Emet. 
tine  Order,  a  Royal  Academician,  ud 
Fellow  of  the  Royal  and  Autiquarian 
Societies. 

Sir  Jeffry  Wyatville  was  the  son  of 
Joseph  Wyatt,  an  architect  resident  at 
Burton -upon.  Trent,  in  the  county  of 
Stafford,  where  he  was  bom  on  the  3lrd 
of  August,  1766.  His  father  was  consi. 
dered  clever,  but  indolent,  and  therefore 
afforded  but  a  poor  example  for  a  boy  of 
enthusiastic  and  enterprising  spirit,  such 
as  young  Jeffry  soon  prov^  oimself  to 
possess.  He  received  the  common  nidi- 
rocnts  of  education  at  the  free-school  of 
his  native  place ;  and  his  early  passion 
was  for  the  sea.  During  this  time,  be 
was  once  "  rigged  out  '*  for  a  voyage  with 
Admiral  Kempenfeldt,  on  boalrd  the 
Royal  Geargie,  out  was  fortunately  pre- 
vented  from  joining  that  noble  ship,  which 

4  A 


546 


Obituary.— -Sir  Jeffry  WffoMXUn 


[May, 


was  afterwards  lost  at  Spithead.  Home, 
however,  became  not  only  irksome,  but 
painful  to  him,  from  the  improvidence  of 
nis  father ;  and,  in  1783,  he  made  a  third 
and  successful  attempt  to  fly  from  both, 
and  seek  his  fortune  in  the  metropolis ; 
but  could  not  obtain  any  engagement  in 
the  naval  service,  as  the  American  war 
had  then  ceased. 

Upon  Jeffry*s  arrival  in  London,  he 
found  a  friend  and  protector  in  Samuel 
W^tt,  his  father's  orother,  then  an  ar- 
chitect  and  builder  of  repute ;  with  whom 
Jeffry  continued  more  than  seven  years, 
and  thus  acquired  considerable  knowledge 
of  the  ordinary  office  business,  and  of 
practical  construction.  Mr.  S.  Wyatt 
was  extensively  employed,  both  in  Lon- 
don and  at  the  seats  of  many  noblemen 
and  gentlemen  in  the  country,  namely,  at 
Eaton  Hall,  Tatton  Hall,  the  Trinity 
House  in  London,  &c.  all  of  which  were 
execu^d  from  his  designs;  and,  conse- 
quently, afforded  his  nephew  opportuni. 
ties  of  witnessing  all  the  processes  of 
designing,  estimating,  and  executing  build- 
ings of  various  kinds.  In  the  hope  of 
acauiring  further  professional  knowledge, 
and  particularly  with  the  view  of  culti- 
vating that  essential  requisite  in  art,  taste, 
young  Wjratt  sought  these  advantages  in 
the  offices  of  another  uncle,  Mr.  James 
Wyatt,  who  had  attained  a  higher  station 
on  the  ladder  of  fame  than  bis  brother. 
He  had  passed  some  years  of  architectural 
study  in  Italv,  and,  while  yet  a  minor,  he 
designed  and  built  "  the  Pantheon,"  in 
Oxford-street,  and  was  introduced  to  the 
appointment  of  Surveyor- General  of  his 
Majesty's  works,  bis  first  labours  being 
various  alterations  and  additions  at  Wind- 
sor Castle,  at  the  suggestion  of  King 
George  III.  In  the  office  of  Mr.  James 
Wyatt,  his  nephew  served  a  second  term 
of  apprenticeship ;  and,  besides  improve- 
ment in  practice,  thus  obtained  numerous 
introductions  to  influential  persons,  among 
whom  was  the  Prince  of  Wales,  who 
honoured  him  with  personal  notice  up  to 
1799.  In  this  year,  Mr.  Jeffry  Wyatt 
joined  in  business  an  eminent  builder, 
who, had  extensive  government  and  other 
contracts.  In  this  profitable  concern  he 
continued  till  1824;  when,  after  an  ab- 
sence of  twenty-five  years  from  rojral  in- 
tercourse, he  unexpectedly  received  from 
King  George  IV.  instructions  respecting 
designs  for  the  restoration  of  Windsor 
Castle. 

The  union  of  the  tradesman  with  the 
architect  was  deemed,  by  the  Royal  Aca- 
demicians, a  sufficient  bar  to  the  advance- 
ment of  Mr.  Jeffry  Wyatt  to  be  one  of 
their  society ;  and  he  was  allowed  to  con- 
tinue as  a  candidate  for  twenty  years,  be« 


fore  he  was  admitted  a  member.  Dming 
this  period  he  made  many  detignt  for 
public  and  private  buildings,  which  were 
erected  in  different  parts  of  the  kingdom, 
some  of  which  manifested  architectural 
talents  of  a  high  order.  He  was,  at 
length,  elected  an  Associate,  and  speedily 
afterwards,  one  of  the  Royal  Aaidemi* 
cians.  Among  various  designs  which  he 
had  exhibited  at  that  nursery  of  the  arts, 
was  one  called  "  Priam's  Palace,**  which 
attracted  much  admiration  during  the  ex- 
hibition. This,  and  his  other  architectu- 
ral drawings,  and  executed  buUdings,  are 
ample  evidences  of  his  devotion  to  his 
profession. 

One  of  the  firet  acts  of  the  new  Par- 
liament, after  the  accession  of  George 
IV.,  was  the  projection  of  great  aUeia- 
tions  and  improvements  in  the  magnifioent 
castle-palace  at  Windsor.  For  una  pur. 
pose  it  was  agreed  that  the  three  attached 
architects  to  tne  Board  of  Works,  Messrs. 
Soane,  Nash,  and  Smirke,with  Mr.  Jeffiry 
Wyatt,  should  be  directed  to  make  plans, 
drawings,  and  estimates.  The  sum  of 
£300,000  had  been  voted  by  Pailiament 
towards  the  expenses  of  these  improve- 
ments, and  a  commission  of  eight  noble- 
men and  gentlemen,  memben  of  the  ad- 
ministration and  of  the  opposition,  were 
appointed  to  advise  as  to  the  woria  and 
expenditure  of  the  money.  Among  these 
commissionere  were  the  Eail  of  Aber- 
deen, President  of  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries, and  Sir  Charles  Long,  (subse- 
quently Lord  Famborough^  both  men  of 
refined  taste  in  the  higher  departments  of 
art.  In  May,  1834,  the  respective  aidii- 
tects  above  named  (with  the  exception  of 
Mr.  Soane,)  submitted  their  dnwinga  \a 
the  commissionere,  when  the  designs  of 
Mr.  Jeffry  Wyatt  were  approved  of  and 
accepted.  The  commission's  next  visited 
Windsor;  the  plan  of  operatioDS  was 
settled,  and,  on  the  12th  of  August,  1894, 
the  birthday  of  Geoive  IV.,  the  fint 
stone  was  laid  by  tiie  &ing,  it  bri^g  part 
of  the  foundation  of  the  new  gatewi^  on 
the  southern  side  of  the  Great  Quamn- 
gle,  and  thenceforth  named  Gbom  tiM 
Fourth's  Gateway.  On  this  oceami  ths 
architect  received  the  royal  authority  for 
changing  his  name  to  Wyatville;  not 
merely  as  a  personal  compliment,  but  for 
the  purpose  of  distinguishing  and  aepenl- 
ing  the  Wyatt  of  that  reign  ^m  his 
uncle,  Mr.  James  Wyatt,  whose  share  in 
the  architectural  works  at  Windsor,  dur- 
ing the  reign  of  George  HI.,  has  already 
been  mentioned.  Fnrtbeimora,  Oeolrge 
ly.  suggested  and  conferred  an  additional 
armorifd  quartering  to  the  arddtect^  afms^ 
of  a  view  of  Geoige  the  Fooftb^gatmay, 
with  the  word  WmSaor^  as  a  moCto. 


1840.] 


Obituary.— Str*  Jtffr^  Wyatville. 


547 


At  the  time  that  Mr.  Wyatville  com- 
menced his  imiiroveroentfl,  in  1824,  the 
alterations  and  additions  made  in  the  Cob- 
tle  buildings,  from  the  commencement  of 
tlio  Tudor  dynasty  to  the  year  1824,  were 
not  only  inharmonious  with  the  castel- 
lated  character  of  the  older  works,  but 
wtTo   generally  tasteless  in  design,  and 
slight  and  bad  in  execution.     Hence  the 
fronts  of  the  latter  class  were  taken  down, 
when  the  whole  of  the  main  timbers  were 
found  to  be  decayed.     New  floors  and 
ceilings,  with  new  partition  walls,  were 
necessary;  and   to  improve  the  exterior 
effect  of  the  elevations,  each  wall  was 
raised  several  feet,  and  finished  with  bold 
cnilmttled  parapets.     The  angular  and  in. 
tennediate  towers  were  also  augmented  in 
height,  and  each  crowned  with  a  macbico- 
lated  summit.     The  chimney -shafts  were 
formed  into  stone  clusters,  and  made  to 
iussume  the  shapes  of  turrets.     Around 
the  south  and  east  sides  of  the  interior  of 
the  great  quadrangle  was  erected  a  spa- 
clous  corridor,  650  feet  in  length,  con- 
nected with  and  forming  grand  and  conre- 
nient  approaches  to  the  chief  suites  of 
apartments  which  belong  to  those  parts  of 
the  Castle. 

The  works  proceeded  with  such  ra- 
pidity, (the  architect  devoting  the  whole 
of  his  time  to  the  vast  undertmking,)  that, 
on  the  9th  December,  1828,  the  King's 
private  apartments  were  completed,  and 
his  Majesty  removed  from  his  rural  re- 
treat, the  Cottage  in  the  Great  Park,  and 
formally  took  possession  of  the  Castle. 
The  next  public  act  of  the  King  was  to 
confer  the  honour  of  knighthood  on  his 
architect,  who,  also,  was  permitted  to 
take  up  his  residence  in  a  commanding 
tower,  in  the  Middle  Ward,  at  the  west 
end  of  the  North  Terrace. 

The  progress  of  the  repairs  was  rather 
expedited  than  staged  by  the  King  having 
taken  up  his  residence  at  the  Castle. 
The  decayed  and  dangerous  state  of  the 
building  had,  however,  occasioned  an  ex- 
|>enditure  much  bevond  the  original  esti- 
mates ;  indeed,  at  Midsummer,  in  1830, 
the  cost  appeared  to  have  been  near]/ 
doubled. 

Application  was,  accordingly,  made  to 
Parliament  for  further  advances  ;  when, 
opposition  being  raised  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  investigate  the  Castle  works,  and  the 
probable  amount  of  money  requisite  for 
their  completion.  The  committee,  at 
length,  oroered  works  to  be  undertaken 
to  the  estimated  amount  of  148,70(>/.  to  be 
advanced  at  the  rate  of  ^,000/.  per  an- 
num. This  grant  was  made  exclusively 
tor  the  architect's  department,  independ- 
ent of  the  upboUccivr,  decorator,  and 


other  artisans.     Since  that  time,  much 
has  been  done.     The  Elizabethan  Gal- 
lery has  been  finished,  and  fitted  up  as  a 
librarv;  the  Waterloo  Gallery  has  been 
completed,  and  adorned  with  portraits, 
by  Lawrence,  of  the  principal  monarchs, 
statesmen,  and  generals  of  Europe ;  the 
old  principal  staircase  has  been  removed, 
so  as  to  present  an  uninterrupted  view 
from  the  northern  terrace,  through  the 
superb  yiie^  by  means  of  opposite  en- 
trances, to  the  unrivalled  Long  Walk  on 
the  south ;  a  noble  staircase  having  been 
elsewhere  constructed,  in  which  is  placed 
a  colossal  statue  of  George  IV.  9  ft.  6 
inch,  high,  by  Chantrey.    Lodges  have 
also  been  erected  at  the  junction  of  the 
Long  Walk  with  the  Home  Park;  and 
several  of  the  old  state  apartments,  at  the 
north-west  part  of  the  upper  court,  have 
been  enlarged  and  substantiaUy  repaired. 
At  the  north-west  angle  of  this  court. 
Sir  Jeffry  had  designed  a  splendid  chapel. 
The  heightening  of  the  Keep,  or  Round 
Tower,  by  some  feet,  is  also  an  improve- 
ment which  adds  pre-eminentlv  to  the 
dignity  of  the    ma^ficent    pile.     Voa 
Kaumer,  on  his  visit   in    1833,  found 
Windsor  far  exceeding  his  expectations, 
and  making  a  greater  impression  on  him 
than  all  the  other  castles  he  had  ever  seen, 
put  together.     This  was  high  praise  from 
a  native  of  Grermany,  that  region  of  ieu^ 
dal  monuments. 

Hitherto,  there  has  been  published  no 
fitting  record  of  this  grand  national  repair 
of  the  proudest  structure  that  Englaiid 
possesses.  King  George  IV.  in  true 
princely  state,  commanded  Sir  JeiSry 
Wyatville  to  publish  an  account  of  hu 
great  work;  the  missive,  in  the  hand- 
writing of  the  sovereign,  is  in  the  pos- 
session of  Sir  Jeffry's  executors,  as  is  also 
a  confirmation  of  the  command,  frooi 
Queen  Victoria.  Sir  Jeffry  had  made 
much  progress  in  his  task ;  he  having  ex- 
pended 3,00OA  upon  drawings  and  en- 
gravings. In  the  Picturesque  Annual, 
the  author  reUtes,  that  Geoiige  IV.  pro- 
posed to  send  a  coppr  of  Sir  Jeffrv's  work 
to  every  sovereign  in  Europe  ;  bat,  with 
the  exception  of  this  patronage.  Sir 
Jeffry,  it  is  believed,  although  working  at 
the  Koyal  command,  did  not  expect  as- 
sistance of  any  kind.  On  one  occasion, 
when  surprise  was  expressed  at  such  a 
condition,  Sir  Jeffry  replied,  in  the  spirit 
and  pride  of  art;  "  The  task  is  mine;  I 
am  preparing  my  own  monumenL'** 

*  We  are  informed  that  Mr.  Weale  baa 
received  instructions  to  publish  thia 
splendid  work  forthwith.  It  will  be 
edited  by  Henry  Ashton,  esq.  to  appear 
in  three  parti,  oo  grand  eij^ptpcc;  pric« 


548 


Orituaby,— Str  Jf^ry  WyatvUle, 


[May, 


Whilst  Windsor  Castle  is  the  ehtf- 
tTeeuvreof  Sir  Jeffry  Wyatville,  he  had 
wholly  built,  or  improved,  many  other 
edifices  in  different  parts  of  the  kingdom. 
He  has  left  some  of  his  works  in  thirty- 
five  out  of  the  forty  En^^lish  counties, 
and  four  out  of  the  twelve  Welsh.  From 
a  list  of  above  100  of  these  buildings,  the 
following,  with  the  names  of  their  owners, 
are  appended  to  the  memoir  which  ac- 
companies his  portrait  in  Fisher's  Na- 
tional Portrait  Gallery : — 

Badmington  House,  Gloucestershire, 
Duke  of  Beaufort. 

Woburn  Abbey,  Bedfordshire,  Duke 
of  Bedford. — Temple  of  the  Graces. 

At  Endsleigh,  Devonshire,  Duke  of 
Bedford. — A  spacious  and  commodious 
seat,  in  the  cottage  style. 

Chatsworth  House,  Derbyshire,  Duke 
of  Devonshire. — Some  magnificent  new 
buildings,  also  alterations  and  restorations 
of  the  old  mansion,  in  the  Italian  style. 
These  have  just  been  completed. 

Longleat  House,  Wiltshire.  Marquess 
of  Bath. — New  conservatory,  stables, 
offices,  staircase,  and  alterations  of  the 
hall,  &c. 

Ashridge,  Hertfordshire,  Earl  of 
Bridgewater.  —  The  completion  of  the 
house,  begun  by  James  Wyatt,  R.A.; 
the  Bridgewater  column  in  the  park,  and 
lodges. 

Bretby,  Derbyshire,  Earl  of  Chester- 
field.— rarts  of  the  house. 

Gopsall,  Staffordshire,  Earl  Howe. — 
A  new  lodge,  &c. 

Bel  ton  House,  Lincolnshire,  Earl 
Brownlow. — New  green-house,  and  al- 
terations to  the  mansion. 

Wollaton  Hall,  Nottinghamshire,  the 
Lord  Middleton. — Alterations  to  the  in- 
terior, and  new  lodges  to  that  fine  Italian 
house. 

Sidney  College,  Cambridge.  —  New 
gate-house,  and  fronts  to  the  whole  col- 
lege. 

Besides  the  above,  which  are  generally 
called  show  places,  Sir  Jeffry  has  designed 
and  executed  the  following  new  houses : — 

Lilleshall,  Salop,  Earl  Gower. 

Golden  Grove,  Caermarthenshire,  Earl 
of  Cawdor. 

Nonsuch  Park,  Surrey,  Samuel  Far- 
mer, esq. 

Dinton,  Wilts,  Wm.  Windham,  esq. 

Denford,  Berks,  Wra.  Hallett,  esq. 

2/.  12*.  6d  a  part,  proofs  4/.  14».  6d.  We 
have  been  informed  that  it  was  the  inten- 
tion of  Sir  Jeffry  to  present  to  the  British 
Museum  the  original  designs,  signed  and 
approved,  by  George  R.,  Wellington, 
Aberdeen,  Liverpool,  C.  Long,  &c.  toge- 
ther with  the  detailed  working  dra>ving8. 


Stubton,  Line.  Sir  R.  Heron,  Bart. 

Hillfield  Lodge,  Heref.  the  Hon.  G. 
Villiers. 

Trebursye,  Cornwall,  the  Hon.  W. 
Elliot. 

Banner  Cross,  York,  Gen.  Murray. 

Wimbom,  Dorset,  Wm.  Castleman, 
esq. 

Claverton,  Som.  John  Vivian,  esq. 

Hastings,  Sussex,  Comte  de  Vandes, 
&c.  &c. 

By  the  introduction  of  Queen  Ade- 
laide, Sir  Jeffry  designed  a  castle  at  Al- 
tenstein,  for  her  brother  the  reigning 
Duke  of  Saxe  Meiningen ;  as  also  a  pa- 
lace, with  extensive  stables,  and  a  riding 
house  for  Meiningen ;  for  which  works 
the  Duke  presented  him  the  grand  cross 
of  the  Saxon  Ernestine  order,  as  a  mark 
of  his  approbation.  In  the  summer  of 
last  year  he  designed  the  staUes  at  Wind- 
sor Castle.  This  design,  though  of  the 
utmost  plainness,  evinces  the  same  strong 
faculty  for  arrangement  under  difficult 
circumstances,  which  characterised  all  his 
former  works.  So  late  as  November  last, 
he  designed  lodges  for  the  Sheffield  and 
Derby .  entrances  to  Chatsworth  :  the 
latter  of  which  is  full  of  boldness  and  ori- 
ginality,  and  as  vigorous  as  any  design  he 
ever  produced,  although  his  Unt  work, 
except  an  Alcove  for  the  gardens,  which 
is  as  playful  as  the  work  of  a  younghand. 

Sir  Jeffry  Wyatville  was  proud  of  the 
Royal  patronage  which  he  enjoyed ;  and 
the  Sovereign  was  alike  proud  of  his  fa- 
vourite architect.     As  a  compliment,  a 
portrait  of  him  was  painted  by  Sir  Thomas 
Lawrence,  by  command  of  Geoige  IV. 
and  was  placed  in  the  royal  cdllection  at 
Windsor  Castle.    It  is  considered  to  be, 
altogether,  an  impressive  likeness :  there 
is  extraordinary  quickness  in  the  eye,  and 
the  forehead  is  lofty,  but  wants  breadth, 
such  as  indicates  superior  intellect.  Since 
his  death;  Sir  Francis  Chantrey  has  re- 
ceived command  from  her  present  Ma- 
jesty to  place  Sir  Jeffry's  bust  in  die  kmg 
Gallery.     We  believe  Sir  Jeffij  to  Imve 
been  in  no  degree  indebted  for  hu  siltocess 
to   sycophancy ;   for,  although  . "  of  die 
court,"  he  was  not  over  courteous  in  man- 
ner.    The  sort  of  consulting  committee, 
appointed  by  Parliament,  under,  the  title 
of  Commissioners,  enabled  .  Sir  Jeffiiy, 
then  Mr.  Wyatt,  to  maintain  his  opinions 
on  occasion  in  opposition  to  those  of 'his 
royal  patron,  who  was  by  no  nieani  in- 
clined to  push  a  difference  so  fkr  as  to 
hear  mention  made  of  the  Court  of  Ap- 
peal.    This  suited  the  humour  of  Sir 
Jeffry,  who  was  quite  as  resolute  io  liii 
way — a  veiy  rough  one— «8  his  Aii^feetj. 
An  illustrative  anecdote- wet  carvoBt'rit 
the  time,  which  Ims  aome  phmriWiiy  and 


1840.]     Obituary.— Sir  Jif^rj^  WyatvUk.—T  Daniell,  E$q.  549 


appearance  of  tnitb.  When  the  King's 
))rivate  apartments  were  under  considera- 
tion, his  Majesty  was  naturally  somewhat 
more  peremptory  than  usual,  especially  as 
to  their  relative  proportions,  and  it  is  well 
known  that  he  did  not  like  large  rooms. 
Wyatt's  head,  however,  was  full  of  a  pa- 
lace ;  and  when  the  King  suggested  what 
he  cunsidcred  a  proper  size  for  bis  dress- 
ing' room,  Wyatt  protested  that  such  a 
nipboard  was  better  suited  to  a  country 
curate  than  to  his  Majesty.  The  latter, 
however,  was  peremptory  on  the  subject, 
and  cut  short  all  remonstrance  with — **  It 
shull  be  so.**  The  works  went  on — the 
suite  of  apartments  was  finished  and  fur- 
nished, when,  in  the  exultation  of  the 
moment,  his  Majesty  good-humouredlv 
reminded  the  architect  of  their  former  dif- 
ference, and  triumphantly  referred  to  the 
admirable  adaptation  of  this  {Nirticular 
chamber.  **  I  am  glad  your  Majesty  ap- 
proves of  it,"  said  the  architect,  **  for  it  is 
exactly  twice  the  size  your  Majesty  di- 
rected." 

In  private  society  Sir  Jeffry  Wvatville 
wuH  full  of  frank  and  goodnaturca  anec- 
dote, and  though  he  hud  the  disadvantage 
oMuw  stature  and  inelegant  personal  form, 
he  won  attention  and  esteem  by  his  speak- 
ing eye  and  by  his  sincere  manner  of 
expressing  himself.  He  possessed  like- 
wise the  rare  virtue  of  knowing  him- 
selt  and  his  foibles,  pretending  to 
nothing  more,  either  of  education  or  genius, 
than  he  could  fairly  claim  ;  not  pune- 
proud  or  finical ;  respectful  in  bebaTiour  to, 
but  independent  of,  bis  superiors,  even  the 
most  illustrious;  and  only  proud,  we  should 
think,  with  the  proud.  These  sterling 
qualities,  no  doubt,  made  him  a  beloved 
viTViint  of  our  two  last  kings, — we  say  be- 
loved, l)ecausc  he  once  related  to  us  that 
when  shewing  his  plan  for  a  royal  chapel 
and  cemetery,  which  he  had  proposed  to 
build  in  the  space  between  the  Round 
Tower  and  tbc  north  side  of  the  Upper 
Ward,  Kin^  George  the  Fourth  said  that 
he  { Sir  Jeffry)  should  •*  come  in  too;*'  that 
even  death  should  not  disunite  them.  Sir 
Jetfry,  however,  declined  this  last  of  ho- 
nours, saying,  like  a  fond  father,  that  bis 
prave  hu(i  already  been  prepared  near  that 
of  his  deceased  daughter,  behind  the  altar  of 
St.  (veorgc's  Cha|)el.  Sir  Jeffry  was  also 
n  strictly  conscientious,  honest  man;  at 
all  timcN  anxious  tlwt  the  expense  of  bis 
works  should  not  exceed  his  estimates,  and 
as  careful  in  the  saving  of  a  sixpence,  as 
he  *aid,  of  the  public  money,  as,  from  early 
habits,  he  was  of  bis  own  ;  never  em- 
ploying, or  recommending  for  employment 
by  others,  any  of  his  own  numerous  re- 
latives, ur  workmen  that  could  not  work 
with  credit  to  him  or  cbemaelves. 

lie  languUbcd  for  tbc  iMt  five  jnn 


under  a  disease  of  the  chest,  which  hat 
visited  him  with  violent  attacks  from  time 
to  time,  and  fre<^uently  endangered  his 
life.  Still  his  mmd  never  gave  way,  or 
was  weakened  by  illness.  He  posseased 
the  same  good  sense,  industry,  and  inde- 
fatigable order  in  his  art  dunng  his  last 
illness,  as  at  any  former  period  of  his  ca- 
reer— which  was  markeid  by  simplicity 
and  integrity,  as  was  his  death  by  perfect 
cheerfulness  and  resignation.  His  last 
days  were  a  dignified  lesson  to  the  old,  as 
his  well -spent  life  had  been  a  model  of 
usefulness  to  the  young. 

The  body  of  Sir  Jeffry  Wyatville  was 
interred  in  St  George's  Chapel,  Wind- 
sor, on  the  25th  Feb.  having  arrived  at 
the  Winchester  or  Wyatville  Tower  on 
the  preceding  evening :  it  was  deposited 
in  a  vault  in  the  east  aisle  of  the  Chapel, 
just  behind  the  altar;  which  Sir  Jeffry 
had  prepared  some  years  since,  for  the 
reception  of  the  remains  of  his  daughter, 
Augusta  Sophia,  who  died  Oct.  14,  1825, 
aged  24,  in  consequence  of  a  cold,  taken 
during  her  attendance  at  the  ceremony  of 
la^g  the  foundation  stone  of  the  Bruns- 
wick Tower.  The  service  was  read  by 
Sir  Jeffry's  old  friend,  Dr.  Goodall,  Pro- 
vost of  Eton  (since  himself  past  to  the 
tomb),  assisted  by  the  Rev.  Messrs.  Can- 
ning, Knevett,  and  Charopneys.  Mr. 
Armstrong  (one  of  Sir  Jemy*%  most  in- 
timate friends)  walked  in  front  of  the 
corpse,  and  then  followed,  as  mourners, 
Mr.  Knapp,  sen.  Mr.  Knapp,  jun.  Mr, 
C.  Knapp,  Sir  Francis  Chantrey,  R.A. 
Mr.  Jones,  R.A.  and  Mr.  Henston. 


Thomas  Danikll,  Esq.  R.A. 

March  19.  At  EarPs  Terrace,  Ken. 
sington,  at  the  advanced  age  of  91,  Tho- 
mas Daniell,  esq.  R.A.  F.R.S.  F.S.A. 
and  F.R.A.S. 

He  served  his  time  to  a  herald  painter ; 
but  soon  released  himself  from  the  tram- 
mels placed  upon  his  mind  by  so  mecha- 
nical a  defiartment  of  art,  and  became  * 
student  of  the  Royal  Academy,  devoting 
himself  to  the  studv  of  landscape,  in 
which  he  made  rapid  progress.  At  the 
age  of  thirtv-five,  he  vojraged  to  India, 
accompanied  by  his  nephew,  the  lata 
William  Daiiiell,  R.A.  They  were 
absent  from  England  about  ten  yean, 
pursuing  their  profession,  with  profit 
and  advantage,  in  the  East,  and  gathering 
stores  in  a  land,  then  comparatively  unex- 
plored by  the  artist,  with  which  they  were 
destined  to  gratify  the  world  when  they 
returned  to  their  own  country.  At  Cal- 
cutta they  published  a  series  of  viewe  of 
that  city ;  and,  on  their  revisiting  Eng- 
land, commenced  the  folio  work  entitM 
•«  Unental  Scenerji'*!!!  lis  rolumct;  tb« 


550 


OpiTUABT.— if.  PnVMt. 


[May, 


whole  of  which,  however,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  volume  of  **  Excavations,** 
was  executed  by  Mr.  William  Daniell. 

Mr.  Thomas  Daniell  seldom  painted 
any  except  Eastern  subjects ;  but  some 

iiictures  of  the  house  and  grounds  of  the 
ate  Sir  Charles  Cockerell,  of  Sesincote, 
in  Gloucestershire,  formed  an  exception 
to  his  general  rule.  After  the  comple- 
tion of  the  large  Indian  work,  he  appeared 
before  the  public  only  in  his  productions 
annually  exhibited  at  Somerset  House; 
but  to  which  he  had  not  contributed  for 
many  years  prior  to  his  death.  On  his 
original  drawings  he  set  so  high  a  value 
that  he  never  would  part  with  any  of 
them,  although  on  his  return  from  India 
they  were  eagerly  sought  for  by  many  per- 
sons of  rank  and  wealth.  He  might  have 
formed  an  extensive  circle  of  friends; 
but  as  he  had  obtained  (chiefly,  we  have 
reason  to  believe,  by  his  nephew's  exer- 
tions) a  competency,  he  preferred  a  re- 
tired  life.  He  was  never  married,  and 
we  understand,  has  left  the  whole  of  his 
property  to  a  niece,  who  had  long  re- 
aided  with  him. 


M.  PREvorr. 

The  Marquess  of  Northampton,  in  his 
late  anniversarv  address  to  the  Royal 
Society,  gave  the  following  biographical 
sketch  of  M.  Prevost,  who  was  a  Foreign 
Member  of  the  Society,  and  whose  con- 
nexion with  English  literature  forms  a  de- 
cided claim  upon  our  notice. 

Pierre  Prevost  was  bom  in  1751,  and 
was  originaUy  destined  to  follow  the  pro- 
fession of  his  father,  who  was  one  of  the 
pastors  of  Geneva :  at  the  age  of  twenty, 
however,  he  abandoned  the  studv  of  the- 
ology for  ^at  of  law,  the  steady  pursuit 
of  which,  in  time,  gave  way  to  his  ardent 
passion  for  literature  and  philosophy :  at 
the  age  of  twenty-two,  he  became  private 
tutor  in  a  Dutch  family,  and  afterwards 
accepted  a  similar  situation  in  the  family 
of  M.  Delessert,  first  at  Lyons,  and  after- 
wards  at  Paris.    It  was  in  this  latter  city 
that  he  commenced  the  publication  of  his 
translation  of  Euripides,  beginning  with 
the  tragedy  of  Orestes;    a  work  which 
made  him  advantageously  known  to  some 
of  the  leading  men  in  tnat  great  metro- 
polis of  literature,  and  led  to  his  appoint- 
ment, in  1780,  to  the  professorship  of 
philosophy  in  the  College  of  Nobles,  and 
also  to  a  place  in  the  Academy  of  Berlin, 
on  the  invitation  of  Frederick  the  Great. 
Being  thus  established  in  a  position  where 
the  cultivation  of  literature  and  philoso- 
phy became  as  much  a  professional  duty 
as  the  natural  accomplisnment  of  his  own 
wishes  and  tastes,  he  commenced  a  life  of 
more  than  ordinary  liteiary  activity  uid 


prodoctivenets.  In  the  coune  of  the  four 
years  which  he  passed  at  Berlin,  he  pub- 
lished Obtfrvationt  mr  lea  mithod^  ms- 
plojfiei  pour  enaeigner  la  moralts  tur  la 
theoriedei  gaifu/ortuiti  t  9ur  lemouve- 
meni  pro$reu\f  du  centre  de  grmti  de 
tout  le  egetSme  eolairet  eur  Vorigme  dee 
viietaee  projectile*  s  eur  Vieomomie  dee 
aneietu  gouvemememte ;  eur  PHiat  deeji- 
naueee  d*Angleterret  and  he  also  com- 

{>leted  the  three  first  volumes  of  hie  trans- 
ation  of  £  uripides.     There  were,  in  fitct, 
few  departments  of  literature  or  philoao- 
phy  which  were  not  comprehended  in  the 
extensive  range  of  his  studies  and  pnblioa- 
tions.    In  the  year  1784,  he  zetumed  to 
Geneva  to  attend  the  death-bed  of  hia 
father,  when  he  was  induced  to  accept  the 
chair  of  belles  lettres  in  the  Univentty, 
an  appointment  which  he  found  on  tngl 
little  suited  to  his  taste,  and  which  be 
shortly  afterwards  resigned.    For  tome 
years  after  this  period,  be  was  compelled, 
more  by  circumstances  than  l^  inclination,  ' 
to  partake  largely  in  those  pc^tical  dia- 
cussions,  which,  for  some  years,  agitated 
his  native  city,  and  which  aftenrardt, 
resumed  upon  a  wider  theatre,  shook  to 
its  centre  the  whole  framework  of  Euro- 
pean society;  but  he  gradually  withdrew 
nimself  from  political  life  on  his  iq[>point- 
ment  to  the  coair  of  natural  philoaophy  in 
1792,  and  devoted  himself  ftom  tnence- 
forth,  with  renewed  activity  and  ardoor, 
to  pursuits  which  were  more  congenial  to 
his  tastes.     In  1790  M.  Prevost  pub- 
lished his  Mhnoire  eur  P4fuilikr9  dufm^ 
and  in  the  following  year  nis  BSekmrekm 
eur  la  ehaleur :  these  important  memoifs 
were  followed  by  many  outers  on  the  same 
subject  in  various  scientific  jonmalai  and 
the  general  results  of  all  his  reaeaicbet 
and  discoveries  were  exhibited,  in  a  sys- 
tematic form,  in  his  wdl-lmown  work 
Sur  le  cahrique  rayonnani,  which  wia 
published  in  1809,  and  in  which  he  fully 
developed  his  Theory  of  Bgehamgaif  and 
was  enabled  to  give  a  consistent  yfphwr 
tion  of  the  principal  facts  which  were  at 
that  time  known  respecting  the  natura 
and  propagation  of  heat.     It  would  be 
iinpossible,  in  the  very  short  eompait 
within  which  this  notice  ia  nrrrwnrllj 
confined,  to  enumerate  even  a  amall  part 
of  the  publications  of  an  author  wrae 
pursuits  were  so  various  and  whose  labonn 
were  so  unremitting.     He  contributed 
papers  to  our  Transactions  ia  1797  and 
1803 ;  the  first  containing  an  ^"p^nation 
of  some   optical  eiqpeiiments  of  Lofd 
Brougham,  and  the  second,  some  remarka 
on  heat  and  on  the  action  of  bodies  whioh 
intercept  it,  with  reference  to  a  paper  bv 
Dr.  Herschel;  and  in  1806,  be  tooiM 
oneof  theforeiga  memben  of  ov  bod|y. 


1840.] 


Obituart.«— if.  PrevoBt, 


551 


In  1799  he  obtained  tbe  first  aeemit  for 
an  essay  Sur  Vinjluenee  d9t  tianu  rtla* 
tiventent  tH  la  formatUm  det  idutf  which 
was  written  for  a  prixe,  adjudged  to  the 
celebrated   Degerando,  propoaed  by  the 
Institute  of  P'rance :  and  he  was  shortly 
afterwards  elected  a  corresponding  mem- 
ber uf  that  body.     His  Euaii  depkiiosO' 
phie,   et  itudet  de  Vtnrit  huimaint  ap- 
peared in  1801,  to  which  were  appended 
some  very  remarkable  Essays  of  his  friend 
and  ancient  preceptor  Le  Sage,  of  whom 
he  published  a  most  interesting  life  in  the 
following  year.     He  likewise  published, 
in  very  rapid  succession,  translations  of 
the  Rhetoric  of  Blair,  the   Essa^  and 
])osthumou8  works  of  Adam  Smith,  the 
Elements    of     Philosophy    of    Dugald 
Stewart,   the    Essay  on    Population    of 
Malthus,  Salt's  Travels  in  Abyssinia,  tbe 
Conversations  on  Political  Economy,  by 
his  wife's  sister-in-law,  Mrs.  Marcet,and 
many  other  works  of  leM  importance  and 
interest.      In  1823,  at  the  age  of   78, 
though  still  vigorous  and  active  both  in 
l>odyand  mind,  he  resigned  the  profes- 
sorship of  natural  philosophy,  in  wise  an- 
tiri  nation  of  the  approach  of  that  period 
of  life  when  men  naturally  feel  reluctant 
to  acknowledge  the  decline  of  their  faeul- 
ties,  or  incompetent  to  perceive  it.  From 
this  time,  though  still  consulted  by  his 
(*olleague<t  and  fellow-citixens  on  every 
important   subject  connected    with   the 
Academy  or  the  State,  he  retired  into  the 
lM>som   of  his  family,   which  contained 
within  itself,  in  a  very  uncommon  degree, 
(>very  clement  of  tranquillity,  contentment, 
and    happiness.      His   own  temper  was 
singularly  eciuable  and  tranquil;  and  his 
tastes  and  pursuits,  which  rarely  left  his 
rime  unoccupied,   saved  him  from  that 
t^rdium  vittf  which  sometimes  renders  old 
ag(>  <|uerulous  and  discontented.      Thus 
happily    disposed   and    happily  cirenm. 
stanced,  it  is  not  wonderful  that  his  life 
should  have  been  prolonged  beyond  the  or- 
dinary  limits  of  humanity.  He  died  on  the 
hth  of  April,  1KI9,  in  tbe88ch  year  of  hia 
age,  surrounded  by  his  family,  and  deeply 
regretted  by  all  who  knew  him.     The  pni- 
losophical  character  of  M.  Prevost  bad 
been  greatly  influenced  by    that  ol  hia 
master  Le  Sage,  a  man  of  great  originality 
and  profundity  of  thought,  but  whose 
siMrculationn,  particuUrly  those  which  at- 
tempted the  explanation  of  the  cause  of 
gravity,  trespassed  somewhat  bevond  the 
pro|)er  limiu  of  pbiloaophv.     We  conse- 
fjucntly  find  him  disposed  to  explain  the 
laws  of  the  propagation  of  beat  and  light 
<in  the  most  simple  mechanical  prindplea, 
and   to  trace    their  origin  and  progress 
much  further  than  the  experiments  or  facta 


will  properly  wvimt ;  thus  gifing  to  U* 
conclusions,  in  many  cases,  a  much  more 
hypothetical  character  than  would  other- 
wise have  attached  to  them.  M.  Pretoat 
had  little  acquaintance  with  the  more  re- 
fined resources  of  modem  analysis ;  and 
his  researches  on  many  important  branches 
of  experimental  and  philosophical  inquiry 
were  consequently  limited  to  reaaoniogi 
which  could  be  carried  on  by  the  most 
simple  algebraical  or  geometrical  pro- 
cesses. ]But,  notwithstanding  the  re- 
strictions which  were  thus  imposed  on  hia 
progress,  the  range  of  his  piiilosophical 
researches  waa  unusually  extensive  and 
various,  and  his  discoveries  on  heat  must 
always  be  considered  as  constituting  « 
most  important  epoch  in  a  brandi  of 
science  which  has  recently  received  ao 
extraordinary  a  developement  in  the  hands 
of  Fourier,  Forbes,  Mellonl,  and  other 
philoaophera. 

DEATHS. 

LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINrrY. 

March  18.  At  the  reaidence  of  her 
daughter  Mrs.  M'Culloch,  at  Kensingtoiw 
Louisa- Sarah- Anne,  widow  of  Wifiism 
White,  esq.  formeriv  of  Salisbury. 

Robert  Bayer  Patch,  esq.  M.A.  lata 
FeUow  of  Wadham  College,  Oxfoid, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Robert  Patch,  esq. 
of  Exeter.  He  took  the  dwreeof  M.A* 
Dec.  2,  1813. 

March  20.  In  Upper  Grosvenor-st* 
in  her  82d  year,  Catharine-Louisa  Ship, 
ley,  fifth  daughter  of  the  kte  Right  Rey* 
Jonathan  Shipley,  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph. 

March  21.  At  Percy-st.  Bedford^sq. 
aged  85,  William  Newton,  esq. 

March  22.    At  Kenaington,  i^  48, 
Harrison  Gordon  Codd,  eso.  one  of  ths 
nuigistrates  of  the   Mai7leDone   PoUes 
Court,  a  deputy  lord  lieutenant  of  the 
county  of  MiddJeaex,  and  equerry  to  his 
Royal  Highness  the  Duks  of  Susses. 
Mr.  Codd  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  hUis 
Major  Codd,  of  Kensington,  and  Rumssj 
Court,  Kent,  and  for  many  years  held  s 
situation  in  the  War^office,  at  the  Horsfl 
Guards.    Some  vcars  since  he  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  commissioners  to  in- 
quire into  the  operation  of  the  then  exist- 
ing poor  laws ;   and  from  the  abilities  he 
displayed  in  tbe  course  of  the  inquiry,  and 
the  strict  attention  he  paid  to  his  magiste- 
rial duties  as  chairman  of  the  Kensiogton 
bench  of  local  magistrates,  he  was  sp. 
pointed,  about  two  years  since,  by  Lotd 
John  RossellfOne  of  the  mai^strstes  of 
Worship-street  Polioe-offiee.  Mid  in  Au- 
gust last,  after  the  passing  ot  the  Metro- 
polis Police  Couru  Act,  Mr.  Codd  was 


Obituary. 


[May, 


treiiRforred  to    the  Marylebone    Police 
Court. 

At  Pentonville,  liged  OR,  Jamea  Cul- 
verwell,  esq. 

March  23.  Aged  59,  Henrietta-Caro- 
lina,  wife  of  W.  K.  Jenkins,  esq.  of  Not- 
tingham -place. 

In  his  G9th  year,  George  Lc  fiouteU 
lier,  CM.  of  Bow. 

At  Kensington,  Helen  Hutchins,  wife 
of  Harrington  Tristram,  esq.  only  dau.of 
the  late  Major- Gen.  John  Bellasis,  Com- 
mander  of  the  Forces  at  Bombay ;  and 
grand -daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Hutchins, 
the  iiistorian  of  Dorsetshire. 

March  2^.  At  John -St.  Bedford-row, 
J.  King,  esq. 

At  Paddington-grecn,  aged  28,  Wil- 
liam James  Benjamin  Hall,  of  Brynte- 
rion,  near  Cardigan,  esq. 

March  25.  Aged  2«'i,  Marianne,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  G.  Weight,  Curate  of  St. 
George  the  Martyr,  Southwark,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  Rev.  H.  L.  Mansell, 
Rector  of  Cosgrove,  Northamptonshire. 

At  the  residence  of  J.  Stratford  Best, 
esq.  Wilton-crescent,  Anne,  widow  of 
Captain  Halliday,  R.N. 

In  Chesham-place,  aged  85,  Lady  Mary 
Hussey,  widow  of  Thomas  Hussey,  of 
Galtrim,  co.  Meath,  esq.  and  aunt  to  the 
£arl  of  Orford.  She  was  the  last  surviv- 
ing daughter  of  Horatio  Earl  of  Orford, 
by  Lady  Rachael  Cavendish,  youngest 
daughter  of  William  third  Duke  of  De- 
vonshire, and  was  married  in  1777. 

March  26.  John  Brown,  esq.  of  Dor- 
set-place,  Regent*8-park. 

At  Torrington-square,  aged  79,  Mrs. 
General  Rayne. 

At  Great  James-st.  Bedford-row,  aged 
29,  Emma,  wife  of  G.  F.  Shipster,  esq. 
She  was  buried  at  the  Highgate  Ceme- 
tery. 

Isabella,  widow  of  Major- Gen.  Barrow. 

March  27.  In  Nottingham-place, 
Frances,  wife  of  Sir  Edward  Hamilton, 
Bart.  Trebinshum  House,  Brecon.  She 
was  a  dau.  of  James  Macnamara,  of 
Llangoed,  co.  Brecon,  esq.  was  married 
in  1^)4,  and  has  left  two  sons  and  two 
daughters. 

Aged  75,  Thomas  Hunter,  esq.  of 
Theresa-terrace,  Hammersmith. 

March  28.  At  Davies-street,  aged  65, 
John  Barrow,  esq. 

C.  B.  Palmer,  esq.  late  of  Calcutta, 
aged  40. 

In  Doughty-street,  aged  85,  Mrs.  Jane 
Mitchell. 

Mr.  Robert  Chipchase,  aged  80,  one  of 
the  brethren  of  the  Charter  House,  much 
respected  by  all  who  knew  him.  He 
was  a  native  of  the  city  of  Durham,  and 
formerly  a  merchant  in  London.  The 
13 


Duke  of  Wellington  presented  him  to 
the  Charter  House  in  1829. 

March  29.  Aged  23,  Mr.  Edward 
Harraden,  medical  student  in  the  London 
University,  and  second  son  of  Mr.  R.  B. 
Harraden,  of  Cambridge. 

In  Montagu-pl.,  Henrietta,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  Mr.  Justice  Guselee. 

In  Manchester-st.  Sarah- Amelia  Stew- 
art, sister  of  the  late  J.  H.  Stewart,  esq. 
of  the  Grange,  South  Ockendon,  Essex. 

March  30.  Aged  50,  Sarah,  wife  of 
William  Fox,  esq.  of  Chester-terracey 
Regent*B-park,  and  sister  to  Guy  Thom- 
son, esq.  banker,  Oxford. 

In  Cadogan-place,  by  his  own  hand, 
aged  52,  Captain  Ellers  Pameil  Hop- 
kins, late  of  the  4th  foot.  He  was  com- 
pletely blind,  but  could  find  his  way  about 
the  house,  and  always  shaved  himself. 
At  a  coroner*s  inquest,  Mijor  L.  M. 
Bennett,  64th  foot,  said,  he  had  known 
the  deceased  from  1806^  and  had  never 
noticed  any  thing  insane  in  his  manner 
until  the  evening  before  his  death,  when 
he  was  in  a  strong  fit  of  hysterics,  which 
lasted  during  a  few  minutes.  All  the 
time  deceased  appeared  violently  excited, 
and  with  uplifted  arms  he  frequently  ex- 
claimed, *<  My  mother,  my  mother !  She, 
is  burning — save  her,  save  her !  **  About 
five  years  ago  deceased's  mother  was 
burned  to  death  in  her  bed-room,  whilst 
deceased  was  in  the  house,  unable  to  save 
her  on  account  of  his  blindness. 

March  31.  In  Gloucester-placei  the 
Right  Hon.  Sarah  Lady  Thurlow.  She 
was  the  only  daughter  of  Peter  Hodg- 
son, esq.  was  married  to  Lord  Thurlow 
in  Nov.  1836,  and  leaves  issue  two  sons. 

Lately,  At  Kensington,  in  her  70th 
year,  Frances  Elizabeth  Selwyn,  young- 
est daughter  of  the  late  W.  Selwm  esq. 
K.C. 

At  Coward  college,  Torrington-sq. 
aged  58,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Mo^,  late 
Theological  tutor  of  the  ooUflj^,  well 
known  by  his  useful  contributions  to  edu- 
cational literature. 

April  1.  At  Kensington,  Catharine, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  late  J.  W. 
Skyrme,'  esq.  and  grand-niece  of  the  late 
Sir  John  Woolmore,  E1.C.H. 

April  2.  At  Islington,  Maiy,  wife  of 
George  Watkinson,  youngest  dMi.  of  the 
late  Capt.  Richard  DorriU,  R.N. 

In  Burton-crescent,  Anne^  eld.  dangb- 
ter  of  tho'late  Daniel  Mellan,  esq. 

April  4.  At  Old  Brompton,  and  7S, 
Mrs.  Frances  Louisa  Grimth,  reliet  of 
the  Rev.  John  Griffith,  JId.  A.  Fellow 
of  Christ  Church.  Manchester,  a  de- 
pendant of  the  odebmted  Evelyn,  the 
author  of ''Sylva." 

In  Alfred-place,  Bedford-iq.  in  lier 


J  840] 


Ojiituaht. 


553 


SOtli  year,  the  relict  of  Cht<.  Neviiwon, 
(>«{.  urily  ($i<jiter  of  the  late   Kev.   H.   K. 
IJoniify,    lliTtor  of  King's   Cliffe,  near 
Stumford,  and  uuiit  to  the  Archdeacons  of 
])i>dturd  and  Leicester. 

At  Hays  water,  aged  6(),  Miss  Tracy, 
late  of  Storinont  House,  Kensington. 

/tjjiiHi.  Aged  Sj,  *Mr.  Richard  Le 
Keiix,  a  mathematical Jnstrument  maker 
and  chart-sellcr,  who  had  resided  in  High- 
street,  Wappin^',  for  the  last  lifty  years, 
nnd  had  amasned  wealth  to  the  amount  of 
upwards  of  100,000/.  sterling  :  being 
noted  for  hU  eccentricities  and  his  penu- 
rious  habits.  He  was  of  French  extrac- 
tion, and  educated  in  Christ's  Hospital, 
to  witich  institution  it  is  said  he  has  left 
tiie  great  bulk  of  his  fortune. 

April  7.  At  Peckham,  aged  78, 
Wni.  i'rv,  esq. 

At  liampstead,  aged  45,  Mr.  WiU 
lium  Heath,  artist. 

At  Highgate,  aged  77,  Elizabeth,  re- 
lict of  J.  F.  Throckmorton,  esq. 

April  H.  At  Blackheath,  aged  70, 
Ann,  widow  of  II.  Woodmass,  esq.  ot' 
Montagu-sq. 

In  Kuston-square,  at  the  house  of  her 
son-in-law  Mr.  James,  aged  79,  Charlotte, 
relict  of  the  Rev.  Kdvr.  Lewis,  formerly 
UcrtdF  of  Newtown,  Montgomeryshire. 

April  \K  At  Kensington,  in  her  87th 
year,  Klizabeth  Wallace,  relict  of  the  late 
n.  W.  (iould,  esq.of  Ikentfurd-butts. 

April  10.  At  Cadopin-phice,  aged  81, 
.Inrob  Henry  Franks,  esq.  of  Misterton 
Hrill,  Ijeic. 

April  II.  At  Clapton,  aged  fio,  John 
MnHdox.  e«|. 

At  Nlington,  aged  6I>,  Matthew  Percy 
l>o\v,  c«jq. 

Klt/.alN>th,  wife  of  W.  H.  Ashpitel, 
eoq.  of  Claptoii.s«{. 

At  Stanhope-st.  aged  .'JO,  KUen,  wife 
of  the  \{a'v.  J.  S.  Hoone,  M.A.  late  Stu- 
dent of  Christ  Church. 

April  1^.  At  Eaton-sfjuare,  in  his 
7.>th  year,  Jeremiah  Harman,  esq. 

riic  lion,  'i'homaa  Annidell,  infant 
son  of  Lord  and  lindy  Arundell. 

April  IV.  In  Prince*s.st.  Hanover- 
«q.  Mary  Charlotte,  wife  of  Kindlay  An- 
derM)ii,  esq.  Madras  Civil  Service,  second 
dau.of  the  lute  Colonel  C.  M.  Edwards, 
and  niece  to  the  Ountessof  Lindsey,  and 
tlic  Kev.  B.  V.  lAiynu). 

At  Titciifu'ld-terrare,  Portland  Town, 
Harriet  Farrrr,  widow  of  Major- (ren.  J. 
.M.  Hudden,  K.  Art.,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  D.  F.  Hillcrsden,  esq. 

April  Ij.  In  Ilegent-st.  Elizabeth, 
wifrot  J.  H.  (ilcdstanes,  esq. 

In  Ilarli'v-street,  aged  81,  Ann  dow- 
ager Lady  liodncy,  mother  of  Lord  Rod- 
df'v.  and  sister  to  the  dowager  Countess  of 
GiNT.  Mao.  Vol..  XIII. 


Kinnoull.  She  was  the  second  daughter 
of  the  late  Right  Hon.  Thomas  Harley, 
son  of  Edward  third  Earl  of  Oxford,  and 
alderman  of  the  city  of  London,  by  AnR, 
dau.  of  Edward  Uangham,  esq.  In  AprU^ 
1781,  her  ladyship  married  the  late  Lord 
Ilodney,  by  whom  her  ladyship  had  a  fti- 
mily  of  fourteen  children,  five  of  wbooi 
survive  her  ladyship. 

Mary,  wife  of  James  Toplis,  esq.,  of 
New  Bridge-st.  and  St.  Paol's  Cboreh. 
yard. 

April  17.  At  Islington,  aged  61,  Eli. 
zabcth,  relict  of  Jams  Whalley,  eeq^  of 
Gloucester. 

April  18.  In  RegeiH-sC  Satab,  ee- 
eond  and  last  surviving  dau.  of  the  late 
James  Pearcc,  esq.  of  Lydbrook,  Glooe. 

April  19.  At  Tavistoek-sq.  wg^ 
(M7,  John  Bowden,  esq.  of  Ednaeten 
Lodge,  Derby. 

j1pril%\.  In  Great  Russell-st.  BkKMM- 
bury,  in  her  93d  year,  Sophia,  reUct  of 
Mr.  Whitbread,  of  St.  Alban's. 

yipril  ti.  Aged  40,  Arnie,  mft  of 
John  WarburtOD,  M.  D.  of  Gli£rord.«t. 
Bond-street. 


BjtDFoaD. — March  96.  At  Bedford, 
aged  24,  Caroline  Frances,  youngest  dw . 
of  the  Ute  Capt.  Danger,  1 1th  foot. 

lately.  At  Bedford,  aged  88,  ThooMa 
Kidman,  esq. 

BEaKS. — Aprii  5.  At  Hones-green, 
near  Wokingham,  Med  tt2,  Stfah,  r^et 
of  the  Ilev.  G.  K.  Whalley,  of  Trio. 
Coll.  Camb. 

Marek  tl,  Martha,  wife  of  the  Iter. 
Dr.  Williams,  Vicar  of  Bocklebury. 

Hl'ckh.— itf^n'i  10.  In  her  77th  year, 
Martha,  wife  of  the  Re?.  John  Haggitt, 
Curate  of  Denham. 

Cambbidgf.~4^i/4.  At  Cambridge, 
aged  8^,  accidentally,  in  endeavouring  to 
save  a  fellow-coUeglan  from  drownSay, 
Temple  Frere,  esq.  of  THnity  College, 
cHest  son  of  the  Rev.  Temple  Frete, 
Hector  of  Rordon,  in  the  county  of  Kor- 
folk,  and  Prcbendanr  of  Westminster,  and 
nephew  to  the  late  Dr.  Frere,  Master  of 
Downing  College.  The  deceased  waa 
educated  at  Eton,  and  was  an  excelfent 
swimmer.  Most  probably  death  ensued 
almost  instantaneously  from  apoplexy, 
caufffd  by  the  sudden  immersion  in  the 
water.  Hy  a  singular  and  melancholy  co- 
incidence, it  is  little  more  than  a  year 
since  a  younger  brother  of  the  deceased 
lost  his  life  in  an  attempt  to  save  that  of 
a  fellow -scholar  when  the  school  and  vi- 
.rarage  of  Warfield,  Berkshire,  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire. 

Ffb,  28.  At  Cambridge,  aged  93,  Mr. 
Samuel  Francis,  an  Alderman  of  the  old 
Corporation.      He  senred  the  office  of 

4  B 


r>s4 


Obituary. 


Mayor  four  tlmefi,  viz.  1796,  17fX),  1792, 

Mid  17»k 

CiiKBiiiRE.— 3farcA21.  At  Parkff&te, 
Anne,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Oswald  Head, 
Vicar  of  ChoUerton,  Northumberland. 

Cornwall. — Aprils,  At  Falmouth, 
aged  20,  Henry,  third  son  of  the  late 
James  Mill,  esq.  author  of  the  History 
of  British  India. 

At  Penzance,  aged  77,  A.  Scobcll,  esq. 

CcMBEiiLAND. — March  14.  Aged  13 
months,  Emily,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
C.  £.  Dukinfield,  Vicar  of  Edenhall  and 
Longwathby. 

Devon. — March  8.  At  Plymouth, 
aged  74,  Benjamin  Couch,  esq.  late  tim- 
ber and  store  receiver  in  her  Majesty*s 
dock-yard,  Devonport. 

March  12.  In  a  fire  at  Elliott's 
Royal  Hotel,  Devonport,  aged  74, 
Major  John  Doidge  Homdon,  late  of  the 
Cornwall  militia.  He  was  a  brother  of 
the  late  Col.  Homdon  of  St.  Dominick, 
near  Callington,  and  of  the  Rev.  D. 
Homdon,  of  Bicton,  Devon.  He  accom. 
panied  the  4th  Foot  in  the  Duke  of 
York's  expedition  to  Holland,  and  was 
severely  wounded. 

March  14.  At  his  grandfather's,  the 
rectory,  Bradninch,  aged  18,  John- 
Charleton- Tanner,  eldest  son  of  the  late 
J.  C.  Yeatman,  esq.  of  Garstons,  Frome. 

March  20.  At  Exmouth,  in  his  75th 
year.  Colonel  Pell,  late  of  Tiverton,  a 
magistrate  for  the  county,  and  a  brother 
of  the  late  Serjeant  Pell. 

March  2l.  At  Torquay,  aged  40, 
Martha,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Henrv  Venn, 
of  Holloway,  sister  to  Joseph  Sykes,  esq. 
of  Kirkella. 

March  25.  At  Primley  Hill,  Eliza- 
beth,  wife  of  Thomas  D.  Belfield,  esq. 
of  Parson's  Green,  Middlesex. 

March  26.  At  Torquay,  Augusta, 
fifth  and  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Dr. 
Winterbottom,  of  Newbury,  Berks. 

March  29.  At  Exmouth,  aged  70, 
Colonel  Adolphus  Hinuber. 

At  Stoke,  aged  26,  Eliza  Frances, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Major.  Gen.  Geo. 
Mackie,  C.B.  Govemor  of  St.  Lucia. 

^pril  9.  At  Torquay,  aged  15,  Eliza 
Jane  Devereux,  eldest  child  of  Sir  W. 
S.  R.  Cockburn,  Bart. 

April  10.  At  Stonehouse,  aged  73, 
George  Mottley,  esq.  late  agent  of  the 
Royal  Naval  Hospital  at  Haslar. 

Dorset.— 3farcA  6.  At  Charmouth, 
SoDhia,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Major 
Ballmer,  of  Lymington. 

March  26.  At  Lytchett  House,  aged 
92,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Trenchard,  sister  of 
the  late  Wm.  Trenchard,  esq.  and  last 
survivor  of  the  ancient  family  of  Trench- 
ard, of  Wolveton  House,  near  Dorchester. 


CMay, 

Lately.  Mary  Anne,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
James  Hargraves,  of  Morcomblake,  near 
Charmouth. 

Essex. — March  19.  At  Layer  Marney 
rectory,  aged  78,  Susannah,  relict  of 
Colonel  Kelso,  of  Dankeith,  Ayrshire. 

March  20.  At  Ardleigh,  Elizabeth, 
relict  of  Major- Gen.  Borthwicky  R.  Art. 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  T.  Warbur. 
ton.  Archdeacon  of  Norfolk. 

March  22.  Suddenly,  whilst  attend- 
ing divine  service  in  Chelmsford  church, 
aged  62,  Mary,  widow  of  Mr.  Meggy, 
sen. 

March  29.  At  Newton-hall,  near 
Great  Dunmow,  at  an  advanceid  age, 
Mary,  relict  of  Major- Gen.  Sir  Bridges 
T.  Henniker,  Bart.  She  was  the  eldest 
dau.  of  Wm.  Press,  esq.  was  married  in 
1791,  and  left  a  widow  in  1816,  having 
had  issue  the  late  and  present  BEm)net8, 
and  one  daughter,  Mrs.  Wythe. 

At  Pulham  Hall,  Essex,  at  an  ad- 
vanced age,  the  relict  of  Sir  Freeman 
Barton,  who  was  knighted  by  King 
George  III. 

April  1.  At  Albyns,  aged  61,  John 
Rutnerforth  Abdy,  esq. 

April  \l.  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Joseph 
Knight,  esq.  of  Saffron  Walden,  and  for- 
merly of  Fulham. 

April  19.  At  Southend,  Samnel  Shaw, 
esq.  formerly  of  Lloyd's,  and  Brunswick- 
square. 

At  Plaistow,  aged  43,  G.  Turner,  esq. 

Gloucester. — March  14.  Aged  68, 
Elizabeth,  widow  of  Thomai  Bliss, 
esq.  banker,  of  Bristol. 

March  15.  At  Bristol,  in  his  70th 
year,  Edw.  Stephens,  esq. 

March  18.  By  falling  throDgfa  a  timp 
in  the  stage  of  the  Bristol  theatre,  daring 
the  rehearsal  of  an  opera  of  Us  own  com- 
position, entitled  '' Lundy,**  Mr.  Corne- 
lius Brvan,  the  Organist  of  St.  Mary 
Redcliff,  and  also  of  the  Mbyot'b  Chaf»ef. 
He  stood  in  the  first  rank  of  the  Musical 
Professors  of  Bristol,  and  was  a  man  of 
mild  and  unassuming  manners. 

March  21.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  87, 
Mr.  Robert  Harvey  Place,  of  Lynwood, 
Upper  Canada,  fourth  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  John  Conyers  Pkce,  of  Mumhull, 
Dorset. 

At  Prestbury,  aged  51,  Mrs.  Mary 
Bradbury,  mother  of  the  ReT.  Leonard 
Bradbury,  Perp.  Curate  of  Tong,  Salop. 

Aged  89,  John  Baker,  esq.  of  iron  Ac- 
ton, formerly  of  Bristol,  one  of  the  Society 
of  Friends. 

March  22.  At  Clifton,  aged  93,  Martha, 
relict  of  Thomas  Hopkini,  esq.  of  Tjn» 
rheal,  near  Neath. 

March  27.  At  Clifton,  aged  41,  EH- 
zabeth  Anne,  widow  of  Maior  R»  fi. 
Orde,  R.A. 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


^55 


March  31 .    At  Bristol ,  aged  id,  Myles 
Ariel,  esq. 

At  Bristol,  aged  64<,  John  Bush,  esq. 
Lately,      At   Cheltenham,    aged    74^ 
Elizabeth,  relict  of  Richard  Clement,  esq. 

April  1.  Marv,  widow  of  Capt.  Wil- 
liam Reynolds,  R.N. 

At  Clifton,  aged  78,  Rachel,  relict  of 
Richard  Robinson,  esq. 

At  Clifton,  in  her  72nd  year,  Dinah, 
wife  of  William  S.  Jacques,  esq. 

April  4-.  At  the  rectory,  Burton-on- 
the-Hill,  in  her  65th  year,  the  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  S.  W.  Wameford,  dau.  of  Ed- 
ward Loveden  Loveden,  esq.  of  Buscot 
Park,  Berks.  By  the  meek  endurance  of 
protracted  illness,  and  the  exemplary  dis- 
charge  of  the  duties  of  piety  and  benevo- 
lence, she  practically  applied  the  precepts 
other  faith,  and  by  the  evidence  of  an 
union  of  forty-four  years'  duration,  she 
proved  that  between  herself  and  the  pious 
and  philanthropic  Dr.  Wameford  there 
wa8  n  community  of  principles,  feelings, 
and  affections. 

April  6.  At  Berkeley,  at  an  advanced 
ago,  the  mother  of  W.  J.  Ellis,  esq. 
Coroner  for  the  county. 

April  7.  Aged  75,  Abraham  Bagnell, 
esq.  M.D.  the  oldest  Phjrsician  in  Bristol, 
— a  man  of  considerable  literary  attain- 
ments. 

April  12.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  82, 
James  Clutterbuck,  esq.  a  deputy  lieu- 
tenant, and  one  of  the  oldest  magistrates 
for  Gloucestershire. 

Hants. — March  25.  Anne,  widow  of 
N.  A.  Halliday,  esq.  youngest  dauffhter 
of  the  Rev.  Henry  White,  formerly  Rec- 
tor of  Tryfield. 

March  2^.  Aged  88,  at  Fareham, 
Hants,  the  widow  of  Adm.  Prescott. 

March  29.  At  Winchester  School, 
llii^li  R.  F.  Honrc,  only  son  of  Capt. 
Riehard  Hoare,  R.N.  and  grandson  of 
Sir  H.  Hugh  Hoare,  Bart. 

April  2.  At  Portsea,  aged  72,  David 
Spieer,  esci.  a  magistrate  and  alderman  of 
Porthmouth. 

April  6.  At  Ridgway,  near  South- 
anipton,  aged  18,  Mary,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
John  Fowler,  Rector  of  Rampton,Camb. 

April  8.  At  Portsea,  Mary  Jane,  wife 
of  (apt.  W.  S.  Griffiths,  of  Wclbeck-it. 

April  9.  At  Portsmouth,  aged  80, 
Colin  (^mubell,  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Capt.  R.  Heslop,  (iOth  Rifles,  and  grand- 
bon  of  Jacob  Owen,  esq.  of  Dublin. 

.Ipril  10.  At  OslMrne  House,  near 
Hyde,  aged  26,  Fitzroy  Blachford,  esq. 
nrphew  of  the  Dnku  of  Gnifton ;  being 
the  son  and  heir  of  the  Utc  Barriiigtoti 
Pope  Blachford,  e»u.  who  died  in  1816, 
by  I>ady  Inabella  Fits  Roy.  He  was 
uiatncuUted  a  Commoner  of  BnMenose 


College,   Oxford,  in  1832  ;     proceeded 
B.A.  1896;  and  M.A.  1839. 

April  13.  At  Fairy  Hill,  near  St. 
Helen's,  Susan,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Wm. 
Glynn,  sister  to  Sir  William  Oglander, 
Bart,  of  Nunwell  House. 

ApHl  \5,  At  Ryde,  aged  33,  the  Hon. 
Caroline,  wife  of  Heniy  Every,  esq.  (ton 
of  Sir  Henry  Every,  Bart.)  and  second 
daughter  of  Viscount  Ashbrook.  She 
was  married  in  1829,  and  was  Mr. 
Everjr's  second  wife. 

Herts. — March  31.  At  Boxmoor, 
aged  29,  Charlotte,  wife  of  the  Rev.  F. 
W.  Gotch.  B.A. 

Anril  11.  At  Bushey  Heath,  in  hii 
83rd  year,  Charles  Lawrance,  esq.  for- 
merly of  Oxford. 

KENT.—AfaycA  19.  At  Sevenoaks, 
aged  85,  Martha,  relict  of  J.  Curteis,  esq. 
of  Tenterden,  and  fourth  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  T.  Curteis,  D.D.  Prebendary  of 
Canterbury,  and  Rector  and  Vicar  of 
Sevenoaks. 

March  25.  At  Charlton,  Sarah,  re- 
lict of  Charles  Whalley,  esq. 

March  26.  At  Canterbury,  aged  85, 
Thomas  Foord,  esq. 

Lately,  At  Folkstone,  aged  90,  T. 
Baker,  esq. 

April  1.  At  Forest- hilU  Sydenham, 
the  relict  of  John  Williams,  esq.  of  Jer- 
myn-st. 

April  12.  At  Margate,  aged  42,  Wil- 
liam  Frith,  esq. 

April  15.  Aged  86,  Mrs.  Raddiffe, 
widow  of  the  IWv.  Dr.  Radcliffe,  Arch- 
deacon of  Canterbury. 

Avril  16.  At  Tunbridffe  Wells,  aged 
83,  Mrs.  Anna  Catharina  Poole. 

Lancashire. — March  5.  Aged  90, 
Anna  Parker,  wife  of  T.  J.  Parker,  eiq. 
son  of  Colonel  Parker,  of  Lancaster, 
drowned,  with  Eliza  Kirkby,  daughter  of 
Mr.  B.  Kirkby,  shoemaker,  of  Ulverston, 
on  Ulverston  Sands. 

Lately,  At  Liverpool,  La  Petite 
Ducrow,  an  interesting  little  girl,  niece 
to  Mr.  Ducrow.  She  died  from  injuries 
received  in  the  latter  end  of  January, 
while  sitting  near  a  fire  in  a  room  m- 
joining  the  Amphitheatre,  where,  fatigued 
after  her  exertions,  she  fell  asleep,  and  a 
spark  or  cinder  caught  her  clothes. 

April  4.  At  Chaddock  Hall,  aged  86, 
Elizabeth,  relict  of  the  Rev.  D.  Biritett, 
Vicar  of  Leigh,  Lane. 

April  14.  At  Eton  House,  near  Li* 
vcrpool,  aged  80,  Mary,  the  widow  of 
Dr.  Crompton. 

April  21.  At  Liverpool,  aged  78, 
John  Stewart,  es<|. 

Lmckhtkr. — March  Ik  Aged  57, 
Anne,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Marriott, 
Rector  of  CotvtbMOi. 


659 


OsiTUABT* 


IM^ 


LiHcoLN. — March  21.  At  Crowle, 
aged  75,  th«  relict  of  the  Eev.  Jobn 
Harrison,  of  Altborpe. 

Afareh  30.  At  Bourne,  aged  60,  Au- 
guatus  Plincke,  ecq. 

April  16.  At  Stamford,  aged  49,  Mr, 
Rooert  Jobnsoii,  pubUaber  of  the  Lin- 
colDebire  Cbroniele. 

MiDDLSSEX. — March  26,  At  SnialU 
benry-green,  Hounslow,  aged  60,  Ricbard 
Hope,  esq. 

April  2.  Aged  80,  Abraham  Wil- 
kiiwon,  M.D.  of  White  Webba  Park, 
Enfield. 

April  4.  At  Sunbury,  aged  65,  Mra . 
PembertoD,  late  of  Gough  House,  Cbel- 


April  14<.  At  Hanwell,  aged  33^  Marv, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Emerton,  M.A. 
Principal  of  Hanwell  Collegiate  School, 
eldest  dau.  of  Mr.  Beiij.  Kent,  of  Rad- 
ley  UaU. 

April  16.  At  East  Acton,  Thomas 
Young,  esq. 

MoNUOuTH. — Lately,  At  Wolves- 
newton,  ag^  73,  Suiannah,  wife  of 
Fras.  Davis,  esq.  and  last  surviving 
daughter  of  the  late  Wm.  Jenkins,  esq. 
of  Trostra,  Dep.  Lieut,  for  this  county. 

Norfolk. — March  23.  In  her  90th 
year,  Margaret,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Tho- 
mas Bond,  Rector  of  Great  and  Little 
Ellingham. 

March  27.  Aged  24,  Capt.  John 
Frederick  Wythe,  second  son  of  Thomas 
Wythe,  esq.  of  Middleton. 

Aoril  6.  At  Norwich,  Maria,  young- 
est aau.  of  the  Rev.  £dw.  South  Thur.^ 
low,  M.A.  Prebendary  of  Norwich. 

Northampton.— JfarcA  17.  Aged  36, 
Eliza,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Gard- 
ner, Curate  of  Long  Buckby. 

March  28.  At  Peterborough,  aged 
37,  Mr.  Charles  Valentine  White,  se- 
cond son  of  Thomas  White,  esq.  bunker. 

Lately.  At  the  scat  of  bis  uncle  Col. 
Caldwell,  near  Northampton,  Capt.  Vere 
Caldwell,  of  the  90th  light  infantry  depot, 
quartered  at  Dover  Castle.  When  attempt- 
ing  to  remove  two  large  cast-iron  swans, 
placed  over  the  gate  at  the  park  entrance, 
one  of  them  fell  with  great  force  on  him, 
and  caused  his  death.  Capt.  Caldwell 
was  appointed  Ensign  in  the  90th  foot 
1628,  Lieut.  1832,  and  obtained  his  com- 
pany on  the  7th  Feb.  last. 

Notts.— ^jtfri/  13.  Aged  60,  Eliza- 
beth, sister  of  the  Rev.  C.  Williams, 
Rector  of  Gedling,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  Philip  Williams,  of  Compton. 

Oxford. — March  19.  At  Bicester, 
Marv  Anne,  eldest  daughter  of  Thomas 
Tubb,  esq.  banker. 

March  23.  At  Bampton,  aged  67, 
Lieut.  William  Fetoham  Kirke^  Roy«l 
Veterans, 


M€reh  25.  At  Oxford,  aged  68»  J«ne 
Devereux,  wife  of  George  Davenport,  Mq. 

SALOP.-«AiarcA  17.  At  DudiMtton, 
aged  67,  Lady  Lucy- Elisabeth  Ottoigi- 
ana,  wife  of  W,  W.  Whitmore,  esq.  mt 
M.P.  for  Bridgnorth,  and  sister  to  the 
Earl  of  Bradford.  She  *  was  the  ooly 
dau.  of  Orlando  Ist  and  lat^  Earl,  by  the 
Hon.  Lucy  Eliz.  Byng,  eldest  dau.  oi 
George  4tb  Viscount  rorringtoa ;  was 
married  in  1810,  and  has  left  a  oumeKOiu 
family. 

March  29.  At  Brompton,  Richard 
Edwards,  esq. 

Lately.  At  Westwood,  near  Bri4g- 
north,  aged  92,  John  Hincke6iiian»  eaq. 

BoMERSET.^ — March  17*  At  the  house 
of  her  father  George  Sheppandt  ssq. 
Fromefield,  aged  40,  Harriet  Byara, 
wife  of  the  R^v.  William  Dalby,  Vicar 
of  Warminster. 

March  18.  At  Bath,  aged  80,  Brid. 
get,  relict  of  Rev.  Richard  Abraham, 
Viear  of  Dminster,  and  Rector  of  Cha£> 
comb. 

March  21.  At  Woolcombe,  near 
Wellington,  aged  56,  Charles  Lewis  Henry 
Pye  Rich,  esq.  some  years  since  df 
Worthing  House,  Worthing. 

March  27.  At  WoodUnd  House, 
near  Stowey,  Anna  Maria,  vounmt 
dau.  of  Samuel  Drewe,  esq.  Ute  uU 
rector  of  the  Bank  of  England. 

March  28.  At  Bath,  aged  38L  Mr. 
John  Dyar,  solicitor,  of  Wotton  Uoder- 
edge.  Few  have  passed  a  more  useful 
and  irreproachable  life,  and  his  best  ex- 
ertions were  most  liberally  devoted  to  the 
numerous  charities  of  that  town. 

March  31.  At  Beach,  near  Balb, 
aged  64',  John  Bush,  esq. 

Lately,  At  Wells,  Hannah,  reUct  of 
the  Ute  N.  Lamont,  esq.  formerly  M.P. 
for  that  city. 

At  Bath,  Anne  Margaret,  second 
daughter  of  Colonel  Jervois,  K.  H. 

Hannah,  relict  of  Isaac  Gregory^  esq. 
of  Yatton,  one  of  the  Societv  of  Friends, 
leaving  a  fumilv  of  eight  orphan  children. 

April  \,  At  Taunton,  in  his  82d 
year,  Peter  Martin  Carey,  esq. 

April  11.  At  Bath,  Frances,  relict  of 
the  late  J.  W.  Willett,  esq.  of  Merly, 
Dorset. 

Stafford. — March  II.  Mr.  James 
Dewe,  of  St.  John's  Coll.  Camb.  young- 
est son  of  the  late  Rev.  John  James 
Dcwe,  Vicar  of  Alstonefieid. 

Suffolk.— J/areA  20.  At  Bungay, 
aged  76,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Rev.  James 
Chartres,  Vicar  of  Godmanchester  and 
West  Haddon. 

March  *30.  At  MildenhaU,  in  hia  7oth 
year,  John  Richnoan,  esq.  late  of  Lymiqg- 
too,  Hants,  solicitor. 

April  5.    At  his  fiithei's,   I^gfaam 


1840.] 


Obituaay. 


5»7 


Bury  St.  Edmund's,  9ged  10,  Chas. 
Worlledge,  of  Cuius  College,  Cambridge. 
He  had  in  the  previous  week  gained  a  first 
success  in  the  course  of  study,  by  winning 
a  i)rize  in  his  college  examination. 

April  12.  At  Bury  St.  Edmund's, 
aged  76,  F.   Poole,  esq. 

.^pril  16.  At  Bury  St.  Edmund's, 
Mrn.  Gedge,  mother  of  the  Rev.  Sydney 
(^edge,  M.A.  Master  of  King  Edward'a 
(irammar  School,  Birroingbam. 

April  19.  At  Halesworth,  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  liobert  Crabtree,  esq. 

SviuiEY.— March  25.  The  widow  of 
Captain  Halliday,  of  Ham  Lodge,  and 
sister  of  the  Rer.  C.  H.  Whita,  R«etor 
of  Shaldcn,  Hants. 

March  26.  At  Richmond,  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Thomas  Price,  esq. 

March  30.  At  Wallington,  Elizabeth 
Mary,  rehct  of  Dr.  George  Kier,  of 
Bombay  and  Milleam,  Perthshire. 

iMtely.— At  Kingston, aged  .'19,  Cbarlaa 
Stacey  Beazley,  only  son  of  the  kte 
Charles  Beaxley,  esq.  of  Whitehall. 

Aprkl  5.  At  Guildford,  aged  84, 
Sarah,  wife  of  John  Martyr,  esq. 

April  18.  At  Thamea  Ditton,  aged 
70,  Henry  Strudwicke,  esq. 

April  10.  At  Roehampton,  tbe  wife 
of  Henry  Stafford  Norlhcote,  esq. 

Aprir2\.  At  Hock  wood,  aged  70, 
Anna  Catharine,  wife  of  V.  H.  Blsooe, 
esq. 

ScsRKX. — March  24.  At  Lewes,  in 
his  7.>th  year,  John  Boys,  esq.  formerly 
of  Ashrombe. 

March  2^.  At  Brighton,  aged  4,  Alan 
l^ouis  Wiltshire,  third  son  of  Col. 
(irey. 

March  30.  At  Brighton,  (leorgiana, 
infant  dau.  of  Sir  Harry  Vemey,  Bart. 

April  X  At  Brighton,  aged  26,  Mary 
Marsh,  wife  of  the  Ilev.  8.  A.  Malan,  of 
Bishop's  College,  Calcutta. 

Jpril  7.  At  Brighton,  Emma,  only 
surviving  dan.  of  the  late  Adm.  Sir  Al- 
bemarle  Berrie,  Bart. 

V^AHwwK.— March  22.  At  Rugby, 
aged  34,  Henry  William  Townsend,  esq. 

March  2.>.  At  Meriden,  aged  7^ 
Sarah  Musson,  daughter  of  the  Ute  Rev, 
Bartholomew  Musson,  Rector  of  Begin- 
ton. 

Lalcly.  At  Edgbaston,  In  bis  25tb 
year,  Thomas,  son  of  Joshua  Scbolefield, 
esq.  M.P.  for  Birmingham. 

April  18.  At  Leamington,  aged  75, 
Elizabeth,  relict  of  Richard  Ackloro,  esq. 
of  Wiseton  Hall,  Notts,  and  sister  of 
Francis  first  Earl  of  Bandon.  Mrs. 
Arklom'sonly  child  was  married  to  Via* 
count  Altborp  ^now  Earl  Spencer)  in 
IHM,  and  died  without  iaaue  in  1818. 

Wilts.— JtfiirdI  17.    Aged  97,  Har- 


riet, teeood  daughter  of  H.  Wantey,  eeq. 
of  Samboume,  Warminster. 

Lately.  At  Oakaey  park,  aged  65, 
William  Maakelyne,  esq. 

At  Bishop's  Cannings,  aged  90,  Mr. 
John  Weston,  00  years  clerk  of  that  pa- 
rish ;  his  remains  were  carried  to  the 
grave  by  six  of  his  jrand-children,  whilst 
a  great-grandson  officiated  aa  derk. 

WoRCESTEB.^JforcA  16.  At  Kenp*. 
sey,  aged  21 ,  Ralph  George,  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  J.  T.  Fenwick,  Rector  of 
Northfield. 

April  7.  At  Hanbury  Hall.  Jeade 
Anna  Letitia,  wife  of  Patrick  Cnalmers, 
esq  of  Auldbar,  Forfarahire,  M.P.  for 
Montrose  Burghs. 

April  II.  At  her  residence,  Peach 
Fieid  Lodge,  Great  Malvern,  aged  96, 
the  Right  Hon.  Apphia  Lady  Lvttelton,* 
widow  of  Thomas  second  Lord  Lyttel- 
ton,  who  died  in  Nov.  1779.  She  wa» 
the  second  dau.  of  Broome  Witta,  of 
Cheping  Norton,  co.  Oxf.  esq.  was  mar. 
ried  first  to  Joseph  Peach,  eaq.  Go- 
vernor of  Calcutta,  and  secondly  to 
Lord  Lyttelton  in  1772.  With  meant 
comparatively  slender,  die  was  eminently 
charitable.  The  charity  aekools  fouadea 
by  her,  the  public  walks  laid  out  and  im- 
proved, tbe  House  of  Industry,  are 
standing  momimenta  of  her  beneficent 
diaposition.  In  all  actJ  of  charity,  in  ell 
plana  for  the  amelioration  of  the  comU* 
tion  of  the  poor,  she  led  the  way. 

York. — JfereA  3.  Aged  77,  Jane, 
wife  of  John  Newmardi,  eaq.  of  Hall. 

Fed.  26.  At  Leeda,  Sophia  Ann,  wife 
of  Robert  Green,  esq.  youngest  dsiu.  of 
the  late  Rev.  Jonathan  Harriaon,  Vioar 
of  Frodingham,  Linconshire. 

March  23,  Aged  22,  Soaamiah,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  J.  Liater,  Incumbent  of 
Staley,  and  Evening  Lecturer  at  Wakt* 
field  Church. 

March  28.  Aged  63,  Lydia,  wife  of 
E.  W.  Phillips,  esq.  of  Beverley. 

Aj^HI  I.  At  York,  in  her  OSd  ymt^ 
Jane,  widow  of  Tbomaa  Yorke,  esq.  ol 
Hatton  place. 

jfpirl  6.  At  Earl*s  Heaton,  and  79/ 
Eliza-Jane,  wife  of  Mr.  Jamea  Fhiltn« 
son 

AvrU  II.  At  MiUtanda,  SheiBeU, 
aged  64,  Mr.  Jaroea  Graban^,  only  aon  of 
the  Ute  James  Grmban,  M.D.  of  Pall 
Mall. 

ApHl  13.  At  Maltby,  aged  38,  Tbo. 
mas  Lee,  eso.  son  of  Richard  Lee,  eeq* 
formerly  of  Lombard -street. 

AprU  U.  At  Eastbuni,  near  Driffield^ 
aged  7.%  Bethuel  fioyes,  esq. 

j4pril  10.  At  Hull,  aged  74^  tbe  re- 
lict  of  Corndiaa  Burton,  eso.  and  mother 
to  hAn.  Finoock  Tigar,  of  GiovelMNaat, 


558 


OBlTVARt* 


Walks. — Jan,  6.  At  Henllys,  Pwll- 
heli, aged  about  140  years  (according  to 
his  own  book),  John  Oliver.  He  had 
travelled  the  country  for  about  a  century, 
occasionally  as  a  sieve  and  basket-maker, 
but  generally  as  a  repairer  of  clocks  and 
watches. 

March  12.  Margarette,  wife  of  the 
Rev.  William  Thomas,  vicar  of  Llan- 
gonoyd,  Giamoi^ganshire. 

March  15.  At  Aberayron,  aged  35, 
Sackville  Gwyn  Owen,  second  son  of  the 
late  John  Owen,  esq.  of  Maindiff  Court, 
near  Abergavenny. 

March  19.  Aged  76,  Lieut.  William 
Nicholson,  late  of  the  Brecon  and  Mon- 
mouth Militia. 

March  27.  Aged  81,  Samuel  Lewin, 
esq.  of  Womaston  House,  Radnorshire, 
35  years  a  magistrate  for  the  county. 

Lately, — At  Penlline  Court,  in  his 
59th  year,  awfully  sudden,  Robert 
Smith,  esq.  late  of  Craig  Afon,  Glamor- 
ganshire. 

April  As,  At  Iscoed  House,  Carmar- 
thenshire, aged  85,  Cbarlotta  Maria,  re- 
lict of  the  late  Rev.  Edward  Picton. 

Scotland. — March  14.  At  Mary- 
field,  Easter-road,  Edinburgh,  Richard 
Maddock  Hawley,  M.D.,  F.R.C.P.E. 

March  17.  At  Park  Hall,  Lanark- 
shire, aged  72,  James  Gillespie,  esq. 

March  17.  At  Eden,  Aberdeenshire, 
aged  7u,  the  relict  of  Sir  Whitelaw 
Ainslie. 

March  20.  At  Haylebank,  Ayrshire, 
aged  77,  Alexander  Wyllie,  esq.  sen. 

Lately,  At  Edinburgh,  Henry,  young- 
est son  of  the  late  Lieutenant-Colonel 
John  Thomson,  of  fiallingall,  E.LC. 
service. 

At  Edinburgh,  aged  84,  Christian, 
daughter  of  the  late  Colonel  R.  Hep- 
bume,  of  Rickarton. 

At  Glengartholm,  Canonbie,  aged  79, 
Robert  Elliot,  esq. 

Ireland.  —  March  7.  At  Dublin, 
Mary,  wife  of  Sir  Thomas  Esmonde, 
Bart.     Her  maiden  name  was  Payne. 

March  17.  At  Cork,  Mr.  Luke  H.  Bol- 
ster, bookseller.  He  was  persevering  and 
industrious,  no  less  than  nve  or  six  works 
of  considerable  interest,  by  different  au- 
thors, having  during  the  last  twelve 
months,  been  the  result  of  his  unwearied 
exertions.  His  body  was  interred  at  St. 
Micbaers,  Blackrock,  and  the  Rev.  F.  de 
M.  St.  Georpe,  Rector  of  St.  Paul's, 
delivered  an  affecting  address  on  the  occa- 
sion. 

March  22.  At  Dublin,  Roderick  Con- 
nor, esq.  one  of  the  Masters  of  the  Court 
of  Chancery. 

March  28.  At  Parkanour,  Tyrone,  in 
hi^  3rd  year,  Cleiqeuts  Keppel,  third  son 


[May, 

of  John  Y.  Burgess,  esq.  andgimcboii  of 
the  Earl  of  Leitrim. 

Lately.  At  Portarlington,  aged  80, 
Miss  Elizabeth  Handcock,  sister  to  Lord 
Castlemaine. 

At  Tralee,  aged  86,  Maurice  0*Coa. 
nor,  esq.  one  of  the  senior  magistntes  of 
Kerry. 

In  Dublin,  Major  Spread ;  at  an  cariy 
period  he  distinguished  himself  in  tM 
military  service,  and,  at  the  capture  of  the 
Cape,  and  several  afiairs  in  the  West  In. 
dia  islands,  was  remarkable  for  die  gal« 
lantry  of  his  conduct. 

At  Black  Castle,  Meath,  in  hia  65tli 
year,  Richard  Ruxton  fItzherliMt,  esq., 
Vice-Lieutenant  of  the  county. 

In  Dublin,  aged  9^  Miss  Bnigfa,  aunt 
to  Lord  Downes. 

At  Granard,  co.  Longford,  in  his  83d 
year,  John  Daly,  esq. 

At  Fermoy,  Martha  Plunket,  at  the 
extraordinary  age  of  108. 

At  Lacca,  Queen*s  County,  in  hia  05Ui 
year,  Andrew  Despard,e8q.  fate  a  Lieut.- 
Colonel  79th  Regt.  He  entered  the 
army  at  the  age  of  14,  and  waa  a  Lieute- 
nant commanding  a  company,  at  Bun* 
ker's  Hill. 

At  DubUn,  Lady  Tynte  (Caldwell), 
widow  of  Sir  Charles  Tynte,  Bait. 
and,  secondly,  of  the  late  Fltzmaurice 
Caldwell,  esq.  brother  of  the  late  Sir 
John  Caldwell,  Bart  By  her  ladyship's 
death  Mr.  Pratt  Tynte,  second  son  of 
Col.  Pratt,  of  the  County  Cavan  militia, 
has  succeeded  to  the  extensive  estates  of 
his  grandfather,  Sir  Charles  Tynte. 

Thomas  Stannus,  esq.  Sovereign  of 
Portarlington. 

At  Killane,  aged  95,  Mrs.  Margaret 
Keating,  mother  of  the  Ri^t  Rev.  Vr, 
Keating,  of  Wexford. 

In  'fralee,  aged  109,  the  relict  of  Mr. 
John  Higgins.  She  bad  a  perfect  reooU 
lection  of  the  great  frost  of  1739-40,  and 
of  the  famine  that  followed.  She  lived 
to  see  the  fifth  generation  of  her  own  off- 
spring. 

Affril  9.  At  Achadoe  House,  Kerry, 
affed  59,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Charles  Allanaon 
Winn,  Baron  Winn,  of  Aghadoe,  and  a 
Baronet  of  Enghuid.  He  succeeded  to 
the  title  and  estates  on  the  death  of  his 
father,  the  first  Lord,  the  9th  April  1798. 
In  November  1825,  his  lordship  married 
Miss  Matthews,  but  had  no  issue.  He 
is  succeeded  by  his  nephew,  Mr.  Cbaries 
Winn,  son  of  the  late  Hon.  Geonre  Winn. 

East  Indies.— AToe.  13.  Killed  at 
the  storming  of  Kelat,  Lieut.  Thomas 
Gravatt,  of  her  Majesty *s  2d  or  Queen's 
Royal  Regiment.  He  became  Ensign  bf 
purchase  in  1829,  and  Lieut,  in  IBSI. 

Nov,  18,    At  Patna,  •g^  9^  Utnrj 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


559 


Douglas,  esq.  son  of  the  late  Adm.  Sir 
James  Douglas,  Bart,  of  Spring^vood- 
park.  (The  gentleman  answering  to  this 
description  was  formerly  a  judge  at  Patna, 
but  was  bom  in  1753.] 

Dec.  11.  At  Almoran,  brevet  Capt. 
J.  H.  Phillips,  42d  N.  In.  and  First  As- 
sistant  to  the  Agent  of  the  Governor  Ge- 
neral  at  Delhi. 

Dec.  12.  Drowned  in  crossing  the  In- 
dus, from  the  upsetting  of  a  boat  during  a 
heavy  gale,  Capt.  William  Hilton,  16th 
dragoons  ;  together  with  nine  privates  of 
the  same  regiment.  He  was  appointed 
Cornet  1806,  Lieut.  1809,  Captain  1832; 
and  was  the  only  oflScer  in  the  regiment 
who  had  not  purchased  any  of  his  com- 
missions. 


Dee.  19.  At  Cawnjpore,  Fanny  Agnet^ 
youngest  daughter  of  Capt.  C.  J.  Lewei^ 
50th  Bengal  N.  Inf.  Assistant  Commis- 
sary. General. 

Lately.  At  Moulmein,  East  Indies, 
Major  Francis  Joyner  Ellis,  of  the  62d 
regt.,  only  son  of  the  late  Sir  Henry  W. 
Ellis. 

At  Bombay,  Wm.  B.  C.  Graham, 
eso.  M.D. 

West  Indies.— -At  Jamaica,  aged  82, 
Harry,  voungest  son  of  T.  Swaine,  hA.D. 
late  of  Kochford,  Essex. 

At  St.  Luda,  Lieut.  George  Gore, 
son  of  the  late  Wm.  Gore,  esq.,  chair, 
man  of  the  Board  of  Stamps,  Ireland, 
and  grandson  of  Dr.  Gore,  Bishop  of 
Limerick. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  March  31  to  April  21,  1840. 


Christened. 
Males        510 
Females     570 


} 


1080 


Buried. 
Males        503  )  ,^0,; 
Females     522  ] 


Whereof  have  died  under  two  years  old.. .249 


2 

5 

10 

20 

30 


and 
and 
and 
and 
and 


5 

10 
20 
30 
40 


40  and  50 


105 
42 
32 
69 

84 
99 


50  and  60  89 
60  and  70  119 
70  and  80  100 
80  and  90  28 
90  and  100      9 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  April  24. 

Peas. 

40  II 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,   April  24. 
Sussex  PockcU,  2/.  Ot.  to  3/.  5t.— Kent  Pockets,  2^  2«.  to  6/.  0«. 


Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

t.    d. 

«.     d. 

/.    d. 

t.     d. 

«.    d. 

68  11 

39   10 

25    8 

37    4 

41    5 

PRICE   OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  April  25. 
Hay,  :U.  Oi.  to  4/.8f Straw,  1/.  16f.  to  2/.  Ot.— Clover,  4/.  0#.  to  5/.  12«. 

SMITHFIELD,  April  27.     To  sink  the  OffaU-per  stone  of  8Ibs. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  April  87. 

Beasts 2442    Calves  86 

Sheep  and  Lambs80^630    Pigs    480 


Beef 3/.     2d.  to  4#.  4<f. 

Mutton 3f.  \0d.  to  4#.  8tf. 

Veal 4».    8J.  to5f.  6rf. 

Pork 4f.    4J.  to  5#.  &/. 

Lamb •  • . .  ..6ff.    8<f.  to  It.  ^d. 


COAL  MARKET,  April  24. 
Walls  Ends,  from  17#.  dd,  to  23«.  d<l.  per  ton.     Other  sorU  from  15«.  6<f.  to  22«.  Oi. 

TALLOW,  per  cwt.— Town  Tallow,  52i.  Oi.     Yellow  Russia,  53*.  M. 
CANDLES,  8«.  Qd.  per  doz.    Moulds,  9«.  6d. 

PRIC£S  OF  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  BaoTHEM,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 

23,  Change  Alley,  Comhill. 

Birmingham  Canal,  217. Ellesmere  and    Chester,  82|. Grand  Junction 

\:a). iCennet  and  Avon,  26}. Leeds  and  Liverpool,  700. Regent's,   12. 

Rochdale,  105. London  Dock  Stock,  66}. St.  Katharine's,  100. East 

and   West  India,  104.— —Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railway,  183.~Grmnd  June- 

tion  Water  Works,  66|. West  Middlesex,  96. Globe  Insunnce,    125.— 

Guardian,  :n|. Hope,  5|.  — Chartered  Gas,  57. Imperial  Gas,  54. 

Phcsnix  Gas,  dO|. IndepMident  Gas,  50. Genend  United  GM,ai. Canada 

Land  Company,  35.-— *R«Ttnioiiarjr  Intefttt,  134. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  bt  W.  CARY,  Stbahd. 

From  Uareh  86 1*  Jpril  S5, 1840,  tMA  tmelath*. 


FafaKRiHil't  Thtm. 

o-d 

'i    ' 

^ 

1 

;'  TnOw. 

1 
dondr,  <Ur 

13     i^ 

Mr 

U 

JHW 

,;cl«iidr,bir 

15 

^ 

I'faif 

IS 

3i! 

,'ds.nia 

17 

.Mr 

18     21 

-K    V* 

d    0. 

19 

do. 

80 

ilo. 

81 

Icl«i4y 

DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS, 
n  March  87  to  April  87,  1840,  both  bulutivt. 


:  1,  mcHou  ANA  KIM,  raiHisu,  85)  rABLUuxt-nuR, 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

JUNE,  1840. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONTENTS. 

Minor  Coeeispondsnck. — Boisuet^i  Eippsition. — Arms  of  Vere  Duke  of 

Ireland. — Various  Queries ^68 

CoRRESPONDENCB  or  William  Pitt,  Earl  OF  Chatham 577 

The  Hundred  and  Parish  of  Hoo.  co.  Kent,  and  Church  of  St.  Werburga  (with 

a  Plate) 563 

The  ArrangemenU  of  the  Sute  Paper  Office 584 

Remarks  on  the  New  General  Biographical  Dictionary,  Part  V 58S 

Mr.  Bruce  in  reply  to  Mr.  Burgon  on  the  Orthography  of  Shakspere 591 

Mbmoeials  of  Literary  Charactees,  No.  XXVIII. — Mad.  de  Stael  add 
M.  deLaUyTolendal. — M.  de  la  Place. — The  Parentage  of  Richard  SaTagt. 
—The  Register  of  Milton's  Second  Marriage 597 

Ancient  Geography. — ^The  Testus  fluvius  or  Coesnon. — La  Manceli^re 598 

Latin  Lines  by  the  late  Robert  Surtees,  Esq.  translated 599 

Epitaph  of  the  Gounter  Fanuly  in  Racton  church,  Sussex i^. 

Cocker  the  Arithmetician  and  bis  MSS. — Presenration  of  Epitaphs 60O 

On  the  presenration  of  Monuments  by  Parochial  Clergymen 601 

The  Mutilated  Exchequer  Records. — Charges  of  W.  Davison,  Esq.  sent 
into  Scotland  in  1582,  601 ;  Bills  of  John  Shakespeare  the  King's  Bitmaker, 
1621,  604  ;  Payments  to  Vandyck,  Le  Soeur,  and  Hollar,  605  ;  Letters  of 
Sir  Robert  Long,  during  the  Pligue 60S 

Rkteosfectiye  Review. — Zimmemuui's  Aphorisms  and  Reflections 607 

REVIEW  OP  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 
Lord  Mahon*s  Spain  and  Charles  the  Seeond,  609;  Cattermole's  Forty  Sermons, 
613  ;  Danilefsky's  History  of  the  CampEicn  in  France  in  1814, 614 ;  Leigh's 
Voyages  in  South  Austnlia,  ib. ;  Cq>t.  Marryat*s  Diary  in  America,  615 ; 
Mils  Prescott's  Poems,  616;  The  Jewels  and  other  Poems,  by  T.  Slope, 
617  ;  Poems  by  Elisa  Cook,  Percefil's  Apostolical  Succession,  Lady  Bles* 
sington's  GoYemess,  Prideanx*s  Poems  of  Chivalry,  and  other  Miscellaneous 
Reviews 618 

FINE  A RTS.^The  Art  Union,  623  ;  Sir  Simon  Clarke's  Pictures 6M 

LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE.—New  PublicaUons, 
6S6;  Universities,  6S7  ;  Royal  Sodety,  628;  Royal  Asiatic  Society,  629; 
Camden  Society,  t^. ;  Horticultural  Society,  630 ;  Topognmhical  Societies, 
for  Wilts,  Berks,  and  Suffolk,  630 ;  BritUh  Architects'  Institute 632 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— Society  of  Antiquaries,  633;  Cambridge 
Antiquarian  Sodety,  635 ;  Cambridge  Camden  Society,  i5. ;  Roman  An- 
tiquities at  Stonr-piaine,  Dorset,  and  at  Huddersfield,  636 ;  Roman  Academy 
of  Archeology,  ib, ;  French  Antiquarian  Intelligence 637 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 
Parliamentary  Proceedings,  639 ;  Foreign  News,  641.— Domestic  Oocurreiieet    642 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  644. — Births  and  Marriages 645 

OBITUARY;  with  Memoirs  of  the  Eari  of  Stair ;  Sir  C.  W.  Burdett,  Bart.; 
Sir  F.  G.  Cooper,  Bart. ;  Mijor-Gen.  the  Hon.  Lincoln  Stanhope ;  Lieut- 
Gen.  Sir  W.  Thornton;  Migor-Gen.  Sir  A.  Dickson;  General  Durham; 
General  Wilkinson ;  Capt.  Sir  John  Phlllimore,  R.N. ;  William  Poynts, 
Esq. ;  Dr.  Rennell,  Dean  of  Winchester ;  Thomas  Drummond,  Esq. ;  John 
Hinckesman,  Esq.;  Alexander  Nasmyth,  Esq.;  Bir.  William  Pitts;  Mr. 
Poisson 647—601 

Clergy  Deceased,  663.— Deaths  arranged  in  Counties,  665.— Additions  to 

Obituary , 670 

BaiofMortaUty-.Markets-PrioetofSbaret,671-MeteorolofiGalDitr7..8todci    67S 
EmbcUithcd  with  a  VifW  of  the  CauBGB  of  Hoo  St.  Wibbvaoa,  Koit. 


562 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 

We  have  received  a  letter  from  Mr.  appearing  on  the  monument  of  a  tervant 
Weever,  the  author  of  *'  Monumenta  of  the  Royal  Household,  may  be  men- 
Antiqua.'*  defending  his  »*  Druid's  Hermi-     tioned  (in  addition  to  those  in  p.  142)  that 

i.  m       .m  •     "         •       A? 1_*-1. ^f   n:^!...^     13...*^^        A.^n.Mk       til^i^t  ^mjtlr     *^ 


print  for  au.s.)  _         _          _                        ..      .  -- 

no  doubt  that  the  inscriptions  are  the  Agnes  uxor  ejus,  qui  obiit  zxiiu**  die  Julii 

work  of  some  hermit  of  comparatively  A?  do'  M«  cccc»  xliii.  qV  ai'aba  propids- 

modem  times.    The  first  will  be  found  tur  deus."    Above  this  inscrurtion  ii  a 

towards  the  end  of  Cicero  de  Senectute,  royal  shield  of  France  and  Enghmd  qiiar. 

and  the  second  is  probably  a  quotation  terly.  Lysons  (Environs  of  London)  has 

from  Varro  de  Re  Rustica.  spoilt  this  memorial  by  printing  *•  Maj»»* 

J.  R.  remarks :  "In  reply  to  your  **  coc*." 
Correspondent  Straho'a  extract  from  J.  P.  inquires  for  information  mpect- 
Page's  Fhe  Letters  (page  472),  and  his  ing  the  history  of  a  Proclamation  or  Jo- 
invitation  for  me  to  read  Mendham'a  Lite-  slab  Martin,  Governor,  &c.  of  the  Pro- 
raty  Policy  qf  the  Church  of  Rome,  rela-  vince  of  North  Carolina,  whidh  Pkoda* 
tive  to  Bosuet's  Exposition  of  the  Roman  mation  is  dated,  "  On  board  hli  Ma- 
Catholic  Faith,  I  beg  to  refer  him  to  jesty's  ship  Cruiser,  now  lyiiw  in  the 
Beausset*s  Life  of  Bossuet,  book  iii.  sec-  Cape  Fear  river  this  8th  day  of  Avgut, 
tioDS  xiv,  XV.  with  the  justificatory  docu-  A.  D.  1775,"  aigned  '*  Jo.  liflartin«"  and 
ments  in  the  appendix,  where  the  whole  countersigned  "J.  Biggleatont  D.  Bicfe- 
controversy  is  Ailly  elucidated.  The  tary."  It  wai  printea  and  firaely  diatri- 
Pope's  explicit  approval,  and  the  sanction  buted  over  the  PfovincOy  and  a  printed 
of  the  highest  theologians,  which  are  pre-  copy  is  now  lying  before  me.  It  donb^ 
fixed  to  the  volume,  sufficiently,  we  may  less  waa  transmitted  to  the  Britiah  minis- 
suppose,  authenticate  its  doctrine,  which  try,  and  deposited  in  some  one  of  the 
is  additionally  attested  by  the  impression  numerous  offices  in  which  tihia  ooantry 
of  the  Irish  translation,  a  most  accurate  abounds.  This  Proclamation  ia  enriona  as 
one,  at  the  Propaganda  in  Rome— equi-  containing  evidence  of  a  declaration  of  in- 
valent  in  authority  to  the  insertion  of  a  dependence  bv  some  dtizena  of  one  of 
royal  proclamation,  order  of  Council,  or  the  counties  in  North  Carolinni  fifteen 
Act  of  Parliament  in  the  London  Gazette."  months  prior  to  th$  **  Declaration  of  In- 

R.  A.  remarks  :  '*  Your  editorial  note  dependence*'  of  the  4th  of  Jnlv  1776. 

respecting  the  boar  and  mullets  on  the  Artifex  inqaires»  **  Where  he  ean  find 

ceiling  at  the  Black  Boy  Inn  at  Chelms-  the  best  memoir  or  account  of  John  Tlmzi- 

ford,  engraved  in  p.  470,  no  doubt  cor-  ton,   a  very  eminent  artist.     He  waa  a 

rectly  explains  that  they  were  intended  native  of  Scarborough,  and  died  at  Hol- 

for  the  insignia  of  the  Veres  Earls  of  Ox-  loway,  in  the  parish  of  Islington,  Hid- 

ford,  whose  castle  at  Hedingham  is  in  the  dlesex,  in  the  year  18S1.**    We  can  only 

neighbourhood,  as  well  as  their  priory  of  refer  him  to  a  brief  notice  of  BCr.  Thnrr- 

Colne. — I  take  this  opportunity  of  ap-  ton  in  Jackson's  History  of  Wood  En- 

propriating  the  arms  on  a  pavement  tUe  graving,  p.  613. 

engraved  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  Sir  Thomas  Warner,  the  Fovnder  of 

for   Oct,  1818,  which  appears  to  have  the  Colonies  in  the  Leeward  Islands  fai 

been  found  in  Essex.    The  arms  are  de-  the  West  Indies,  married  bis  seoond  wife 

scribed  as  Three  crowns  quartering  mul-  Rebecca    Payne,    daughter    of  Hiomaa 

lets.     They  are  the  arms  of  Ro^rt  de  Payne,  of  Surrey,  in,  or  a  short  previously, 

Vere,  Earl  of  Oxford,  who  was  the  fa-  to  16^9.     He  died  March  IMS^  in  the 

vourite  of  Richard  II.  and  by  him  created  West  Indies,  leaving  a  wife  and  young 

Marquess  of  Dublin  and  Duke  of  Ireland,  children  behind  him.     D.  F.  W.  wisbss 

On  which  occasion  the  King  gave  him  for  to  ascertain,  whether  his  seotmd  wiis  sar- 

his  arms :  '  Az,  three  croirns  or,  within  vived  him,  or  whether  be  married  a  tliird. 

a  border  arg. '  quartered  with  his  own  Errata.  —  P.  220,  a.  lines  2  and  3 

coat  of  De  Vere,  **  Quarterly  gules  and  from  bottom, /or  Benton  reedBenaon. 

or,  in  the  first  quarter  a  mullet  argent  J*  P.  326,  b,  line  6  from  bottom,  reed  tlie 

He  died  without  issue  IGth  Richard  II.,  Rev.  Isaac  Nicholson;  he  wuin  Us  70th 

and  was  the  only  member  of  his  family  year. 

who  bore  this  quartering  of   the  three  P.  491,  line  3,  ybr  Edward  wad  Ed- 
crowns.     His  arms  are  so  remaining  now,  mond. 

beautifully  carved  in  stone,  on  the  porch  P.  495,  line  21,  rend  years  efter. 

of  the  church  at  Lavenham  in  Suffolk."  P.  496,  line  1,  /br  order  of  FiriUfliir 

As  another  example  of  the  royal  arms  Bradshawe,  readautognylu 


THB 


GENTLEMAN'S     MAGAZINE. 


Correspondence  of  William  Pitt,  Earl  of  Chatham.    Vol.  I.^^IV, 

NO  History  of  Lord  Chatham,  worthy  of  the  greatness  of  his  character 
and  his  mind,  has  appeared;  and  had  a  writer  equal  to  the  subject  been 
desirous  to  engage  in  it,  he  would  have  had  to  lament  the  very  scanty  and 
imperfect  materials  from  which  his  work  was  to  be  formed.  Those 
splendid  specimens  of  oratory  which  have  been  likened  to  the  most 
finished  speeches  of  Demosthenes  and  TuUy,  have  passed  away  with  the 
voice  that  uttered  them  ;  and  of  the  private  life  of  the  great  statesman  ia 
his  hours  of  retirement,  few  memorials  were  preserved,  except  in  the  re- 
collection of  his  family  and  friends.  The  sketches  which  we  possess,  brief 
and  unsatisfactory  as  they  are,  come  from  no  friendly  pens  ;  and  the  por- 
traits that  are  drawn  by  Waldegrave  *  and  Walpole  mast  be  compared  and 

*  K*  Lord  WaldegraTe's  Memoin  are  not  in  the  hands  of  all  our  readers,  we  shall 
trxtract  his  character  of  Mr.  Pitt : — 

"Mr.  Pitt  has  the  finest  geniui,  improved  by  studj,  and  all  the  ornamental  parts 
of  clantfical  learning.  He  came  early  into  the  House  of  Commons,  where  he  soon  dis- 
tini^uishetl  himself,  lost  a  cometcj  of  hone  which  was  his  only  subsistence,  and  in  lest 
tlian  'iO  yearH  had  raised  himself  to  be  first  Minister*  and  the  most  powerful  subject  in 
this  country.  He  has  a  peculiar  clearness  and  facilitj  of  expression,  and  has  an  eye 
art  tfiguiticant  as  his  words  ;  he  is  not  always  a  fair  or  conclusiTe  reasoner,  but  com« 
niandH  the  passions  with  sovereign  authority,  and  to  inflame  or  captivate  a  popular  as- 
Hcmhly,  is  a  consummate  orator.  He  has  courage  of  everr  sort,  cool  or  impetuooSy 
artivc  or  deliberate;  at  present  (175H)  he  is  the  guide  snd  champion  of  the  people^ 
wliethcr  he  will  lung  continue  their  friend,  seems  somewhat  doubtful ;  but  if  we  may 
judge  from  his  natural  disposition,  as  it  has  hitherto  shown  itself,  his  popularity  and 
zeal  fur  public  liberty  will  have  the  same  period ;  for  he  is  imperious,  violent,  and  hn- 
placable,  impatient  even  of  the  slightest  contradiction,  and,  under  the  mask  of  patri- 
otism, liuK  the  despotic  spirit  of  a  tyrant.  However,  though  his  political  sins  are 
black  and  dangerous,  his  private  character  is  irreproachable ;  he  is  incapable  of  a 
treacherous  ungenerous  action,  and  in  the  common  offices  of  life  is  justly  esteemed  a 
man  of  veracity,  and  a  man  of  honour .f     He  mixes  little  in  company,  tonfining  bis 

t  Hence,  how  absurd  to  attribute  to  Lord  Chatham  the  Letters  of  Junius,  in  which 
great  ability  and  utter  want  of  principle,  honour,  and  of  gentlemanly  feeling  art  aUke 
eouMpietious.  We  consider  the  letters  of  Junius  to  have  been  composed  by  a  small 
knot  of  clever  and  factious  men,  probably  connected  with  the  Grenville  party,  ol 
whom  Sir  P.  Francis  was  one,  perha|Mi  Darrd,  Dunning  and  others ;  and  that  Mr. 
Caieraft  was  in  their  secret,  and  assisted  them.  Thc9c  Letters  could  not  have  been 
written  by  a  man  of  high  character  or  exalted  station  ;  the  malignitr,  baseness,  and 
scurrility  of  the  Letters  to  the  Dukes  61  Bedford  and  Grafton  forbid  this :  they  woold 
not  hare  been  written  by  underlings  or  men  who  had  no  fortune  or  power,  unsnp* 
ported  and  unassisted  by  higher  influence,  for  they  would  not  have  had  conrage  or  deter- 
mination. Had  they  been  the  production  of  any  ofie  man,  before  this  time  vanity  or  some 
other  light  motive  would  have  opened  the  lock  of  the  secret ;  but  who  was  to  derife 
fame  from  being  one  only  of  a  confederation  ?  A  single  individual  is  master  of  hit  own 
secret,  to  retain  or  to  divulge  it  at  will,  but  the  pledge  of  fidelity  in  a  party  might  be 
re<|uired  to  be  sacred  and  inviolable,  and  might  have  been  secured  by  fneans,  all  b^ 
impoiiiblc  to  defeat,     The  Letters  differ  ciceedingly,  not  only  in  merit  b«t  to 


564  Correspondence  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham.  [June, 

corrected  with  more  temperate  and  impartial  judgments,  before  tbey  are 
received  as  authentic  resemblances,  and  stamped  with  the  approbation  of 
history.  The  present  volumes  afford  materials  such  as  would  scarcely 
have  been  expected,  and  cannot  be  too  highly  esteemed.  Not  only  are 
the  distinct  events  of  Lord  Chatham's  political  life  recorded,  hot  the 
principles  and  motives  of  his  conduct  are  presented  to  our  new.  We  arc 
admitted  into  the  secrets  of  the  palace  and  the  cabinet, — 

Apparet  domtis  intus  et  atria  longa  patescant. 

and  we  find  in  the  correspondence  of  the  friends  or  rivals  of  Lord 
Chatham,  the  difficulties  he  had  to  encounter  and  overcome,  the  unpa- 
ralleled vigour  with  which  he  pursued  his  objects,  and  the  extraordi- 
nary ascendancy  which  his  superior  genius  gained  and  maintained  over 
statesmen  of  no  humble  character  and  fame  to  whom  he  was  either  allied 
or  opposed.  Yet,  great  and  commanding  as  were  his  talents,  and  wise 
and  sagacious  as  were  his  views,  it  was  a  firm  reliance  on  the  nnsnllied 
integrity  of  his  purpose,  on  his  zeal  for  the  honour  of  his  country,  on  his 
freedom  from  all  sordid  interests  and  petty  entanglements,  on  his  hitfb  and 
unquestioned  patriotism,  that  gave  such  a  lustre  to  his  name,  as  has  throirn 
those  of  the  greatest  of  his  contemporaries  comparatively  into  the  shade. 
"  Sic  Anglus  ille  Pitt,  (says  a  very  learned  writer,  in  a  work  where  we 
should  not  have  expected  to  have  met  his  name  or  eulogy),  Comes  de 
Chatham  laudatur,  et  pro  Magno  viro  habetur  ;  quia  in  omnibus  rebos  non 
snam,  sed  reipublics  utilitatem  spectavit.'** 

That  he  was  violent,  overbearing  and  impracticable,  were  defects  that 

society  to  a  small  junto  of  his  relations,  with  a  few  obsequioos  friends,  who  oontiilt 
him  as  an  oracle,  admire  his  superior  understanding,  and  never  preinme  to  have  an 
opinion  of  their  own.  This  separation  from  the  world  is  not  entirely  owing  to  pride, 
or  an  unsociable  temper ;  as  it  proceeds  partly  from  bad  health  and  a  weak  eonstita- 
tion.  But  he  may  find  it  an  impassable  barrier  in  the  road  of  ambition ;  for,  though 
the  mob  can  sometimes  raise  a  minister,  he  must  be  supported  by  people  of  higher 
rank,  who  may  be  mean  enough  in  some  particulars,  yet  will  not  be  the  patient  fol- 
lowers of  any  man  who  despises  their  homage,  and  avoids  their  solicitations.  Beddet, 
it  is  a  common  observation,  that  men  of  plain  sense  and  cool  reflection  hafie  more 
useful  talents,  and  are  better  qualified  for  public  business,  than  the  man  of  tho 
finest  partSt  who  wants  temper,  judgment,  and  a  knowledge  of  mankind.  Even 
parliamentary  abilities  may  be  too  highly  rated ;  for  between  the  man  of  eloquence 
and  the  sagacious  statesman,  there  is  a  wide  interval ;  however,  if  Mr.  Pitt  should 
maintain  his  power,  a  few  years'  observation  and  experience  may  correct  many  faults, 
and  supply  many  deficiencies.  In  the  mean  time  his  enemies  must  allow  that  he  haa 
the  firmness  and  activity  of  a  great  minister  ;  that  he  haa  hitherto  conducted  the  war 
with  spirit,  vigour,  and  tolerable  success  ;  and  though  some  favourite  schemes  may  have 
been  visionary  and  impracticable,  they  have  at  least  been  more  honourable  and  leas 
dangerous  than  the  passive  unperforming  pusillanimity  of  the  late  adminiatntioD." 
*  See  Scheller,  Precepta  Styli  Latini,  p.  640. 


the  manner  of  thought  and  expression.  H.  Tooke  wishes  Junius  joy  of  the  reeoPirg 
of  hit  ttyle.  U .  Tooke  beat  Junius  by  pinning  him  down  to  facts.  We  think  the  cUima 
of  all  the  candidates  for  the  honour  of  Junius  may  be  dismissed  at  once,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  three  or  four.  Speaking  according  to  our  present  knowIedge,Sir  P.  Firancis 
may  be  considered  as  the  central  figure  of  the  groupe :  Barr^,  Donning,  perhaps 
Lloyd  and  G.  Hamilton  placed  round  him.  We  are  not  prepared  to  say,  who  weretho 
great  pa/ron«  of  the  junto ;  but  that  it  was  a  party  concern  we  are  convinced.  And  it  Sa 
by  looking  at  it  otherwise,  that  so  many  additional  difficulties  have  been  created.  He 
who  considers  that  an  apparent  uniformity  of  style  would  not  admit  the  ivppoaitioB  of 
several  writers,  may  be  referred  to  the  evidence  of  Dr.  '^liite*s  Bampton  Lectarv, 
which  were  the  composition  of  three  persons,  of  very  dj^jniilfr  habits  of  mind  and 
fiterary  acqnirtments. 


1 840.]  Cormpnndence  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham.  565 

seemed  to  spring  as  it  were  out  of  the  very  strength  and  massiveness  of 
his  noble  qualities  ;  "  par  un  malheur  (says  Montesquieu,)  attache  k  la 
conditiou  huwaine,  Ics  grands  homraes  mod^r^s  sont  rares."  Of  his  parlia- 
mentary elo(|ueuce,  it  has  happened  to  him  as  to  Lord  Bolingbroke, 
that  with  some  few  exceptions,  we  must  believe  its  excellence  and  power 
from  the  report  of  his  contemporaries  )  yet  what  we  possess,  is  sufficient 
to  evince  its  qualities,  though  not  to  exhibit  them  in  their  full  varietv  and 
extent.  To  express  the  manner  in  which  the  torrent  burst  upon  his  au- 
ditors when  he  rose,  we  must  adopt  the  Homeric  term  hvopovat.^  His  style 
was  weighty  and  sententious,  short  in  the  construction  of  the  sentence8> 
admirable  and  select  in  the  choice  of  the  words  5  it  abounded  in  what 
Plato  calls  pt'ifiara  /3puxca  Kai  iiiiofivrjfioyivTiKa,  with  something  perhaps 
too  much  of  exaggeration  for  men  of  temperate  judgments  and  delicate 
and  fastidious  taste,  yet  well  adapted  to  produce  a  powerful  effect  on  a 
large  and  mixed  assembly. f  J^rd  Waldegrave,  when  comparing  it  with 
that  of  Charles  Townshend,  calls  it  awful  and  compulsive. 

If  the  great  art  of  oratory,  and  indeed  its  peculiar  province  is  that  of 
commanding  the  passions,  swaying  the  will,  and  leading  the  opinions  of 
others,  that  of  Lord  Chatham  possessed  this  in  a  degree  not  often 
equalled.^  It  would  equally  inspire  hope  and  confidence  in  his  friends^ 
and  awaken  fear  and  distrust  in  his  adversaries.  To  use  the  language  of 
the  great  Roman  historian,  "  Ita  magno  et  elato  animo  Scipionis  instar^ 
in  Senatu  disscmit,  ut  ardorem  eum  qui  residerat,  excitaret,  rursus  no* 
varetiiuc,  ct  impleret  homines  certioris  spei  quam  quantam  fides  promiaii 
humani,  aut  ratio  ex  fiducia  rerum  subjicere  solet.**§  And  when  we  coo- 
sider  this  great  statesman,  standing  as  it  were  alone,  or  relying  only  on 
the  general  feeling  and  approbation  of  his  fellow  countrymen ;  opposed  to 
the  power,  open  and  concealed,  of  the  sovereign,  ||  to  the  secret  influence  of 
some,  and  to  the  open  and  declared  enmity  of  others,  yet  never  coropromis- 
ing  the  interests  of  his  country,  or  yielding  to  the  difficulties  and  embarraw- 
ments  of  his  situation,  we  cannot  help  calling  to  mind  the  words  of  a  very 
elegant  ancient  writer,  where  he  is  speaking  of  the  similar  situation  of  Dm- 
sas.  *'  In  iis  ipsis,  (wc  are  quoting  the  words  of  Paterculus)  queproSeoatii 
moliebatur,  Scnatuni  habuit  adversarium  ;  deni(|ue  ea  fortuna  Drusi  foit, 
ut  in<ilefacta  advcrsariorum  quam  ejus  optimb  ab  ipso  cogitata  Senatus 
probaret  mngis  ;  et  honorem,  qui  ab  eo  defcrebatur,  spemerct ;  injurias  qiUB 
ub  aliis  intendcbantur,  lequo  animo  reciperct,  et  hujus  summs  glorin  in- 
videret,  illorum  modicum  ferret.*'^ 

It  is  not,  however,  our  intention  to  enter  into  the  general  subject  of 
I/ord  Chatham's  character,  cither  as  a  minister,  politician  or  an  orator ; 

•  Vide  Horn.  11.  a.  248. 

t  "  Sane  TeriMimum  est,  ft  tanquam  Mcrftam  qnoddam  naturae,  hominain  tnimo 
rum  congregati  »int,  mngis  quam  cum  toll  lint,  affectibua  et  impreiiioiiibaa  patere.*' 
Vide  Haron,  Augm.  Scient.  2,  c.  .1. 

I  '*  Yet  in  all  dcbateiof  consequence,**  says  Lord  Waldegrave,  *'  Murray  the  Atlor- 
nr  j.Cicneral  had  greatly  the  advantage  over  Pitt  in  point  of  argument;  and,  abnae  onlf 
eicrptcd,  was  not  much  his  inferior  in  any  part  of  oratory.''  Vide  Memoirs,  p.  53.  Ytt 
when  Murray  retired  to  the  House  of  Peers,  the  same  writer  observea,  **  Pitt  stood 
without  a  rival,  no  orator  to  oppose  him,  who  had  the  courage  even  to  look  him  in 
the  face.**n.  82. 

§  Vide  Ltv.  lib.  zzvi.  c.  19. 

II  "  TeU  him/*  said  the  King  to  Lord  Waldegrave, "  I  do  not  look  upon  myself  ■•  Kiiif , 
while  I  am  in  the  hands  of  these  9Cowndr§h  .'*'  p.  96,  i.  e.  Pitt,  Lord  Temple,  G« 
Gre nville,  Scr. 

^  Sff  V.  PaimaU  Hist.  lib.  u.  c.  13. 


566  Cormpandenee  oftU  Bart  of  CMkam.  (Jwm^, 

dnce  it  has  been  exanuned  and  recorded  with  consummate  sldll  and 
knowledfle  by  a  great  atatesman  and  accomplished  writer  of  the  present 
day,  and  we  can  refer  with  pleasure  to  the  very  eloquent  and  instructife 
pages  of  Lord  Brougham.*  We  have,  however,  a  word  to  say  on  the  passage 
which  we  find  tomrds  the  conclusion  of  the  sketch ;  which  we  think 
might  in  some  degree  be  modified  in  expression  without  violating  the 
purity  of  truth. 


*'  Without  allowing  (he  sajs*)  consider- 
able admixture  of  the  claj  which  forms 
earthly  mortals  to  have  entered  into  his 
oomposition,  how  can  we  account  for  the 
violence  of  his  feelings  when  George  the 
Third  showed  him  some  small  signs 
of  kindness  in  the  Court,  upon  his  giving 


mp  the  seals  of  office.  *  I  oonfeiSy  Sir,  I 
had  but  too  much  reason  to  expect  your 
Majesty's  displeasure;  I  had  not  come 
prepared  for  this  exceeding  goodness ; 
pardon  me^  Sir,'  he  fHuHomatefy  ex- 
claimed, *  it  overpowers,  it  oppretSM  me,* 
and  he  burst  into  teartf**  &c. 


Undoubtedly  in  the  present  day  it  does  appear  somewhat  strange 
to  hear  of  statesmen  weeping  cither  in  fear  of  their  sovereign's  displeasure, 
or  in  gratitude  for  his  bounty ;  but  as  the  age  of  chivalry  is  gone,  so  we 
fear  the  days  of  loyalty  are  departed  with  it.  A  King  was  then  something 
more  than  a  name,  and  was  consecrated  in  the  mind  of  the  wise  and  ^rtu- 
OttS,  as  the  genius  and  palladium  of  the  country,  as  the  living  image,  the 
embodied  representation  of  that  social  law,  that  due  subordination,  which 
is  the  foundation  of  a  nation's  prosperity  and  happiness^  and  which  derives 
its  origin,  and  indeed  maintains  its  dominion  from  the  will  of  Ood.  As  to 
the  particular  direction  which  Lord  Chatham's  feelings  took  in  the  out- 
ward expression  of  tears,  and  which  seemi  in  the  above  passage  quoted,  to 
be  considered  as  unworthy  of  a  man  3  we  have  only  to  observe  that  not 
only  in  ancient  times,  when  men  were  not  ashamed  to  express  real  emo- 
tions by  the  simple  and  unaffected  language  of  nature  ;  when  tears,  aS  the 
poet  elegantly  and  strikingly  observes,  were  things  ;t  but  it  will  find  an  au- 
thority in  times  close  to  those  of  Lord  Chatham  himself,  in  the  person  of 
a  statesman  who  like  him  gloried  in  the  name  of  patriot,  and  who  vras 
not  ashamed  to  use  this  powerful  part  of  oratory,  now  called  weakness, 
but  once  considered  the  lawful  and  potent  auxiliary  of  words  and 
actions ;  and  this  not  in  the  presence  of  a  single  person,  and  him  his 
sovereign,  but  in  a  large  and  crowded  deliberative  assembly!  and  before 
the  wise  and  grave  legislators  of  the  State.  Lord  Chesterfield  says, 
speaking  of  Pultcney,  "  He  was  a  most  complete  orator  and  debater  in 
the  House  of  Commons,  eloquent,  entertaining,  pursuasive,  strong  and 
pathetic,  as  occasion  required  ;  for  he  had  arguments,  wit  and  tears  at  his 
command."  {  We  are  able  also  to  afford  another  and  more  striking  ex- 
ample in  the  person  of  one  of  Lord  Chatham's  most  brilliant  contempora- 
ries^ and  one  too  of  a  temper  and  disposition  not  easily  ruffled  or  swayed 
fh>m  its  composure. 

**  There  was  a  debate,**  says  Mr.  Cal-  thecourseofit^Mr.  Wedderburn  wasfuUy 

craft  **  on  Ellis's  Motion,  on  the  breach  paid   for  his    insolence,  by  Barr6    and 

of  Privilege,   (March  28,   1771)    which  Sergeant  Glynn.    The  former  addressed 

lasted  till  11  o'clock,  but  so  division.   In  him  with  dignity,  propriety,  and  great  se- 

•  See  Characters  of  eminent  Statesmen,  Vol.  1.  p.  17 — 47. 

t  **  Sunt  lacrynuB  rerum,  et  mentem  Mortalia  tangunt,*'  the  force  of  this  ex- 
pression will  be  folt,  when  it  is  seen  to  be  opposed  to  its  contrtry,— "  Lacrymie  vol- 
vuntur  titanef." 

X  See  Chesterfield's  characters  (Pulteney)  p.  26, 12mo. 


1 840.]  Cormpondence  of  ihe  Earl  of  Ciaiham.  567 

▼erity.     Lord   North  disclaimed  going  he  would  weather  out  the  atonii»  but  hU 
out,  though  he  wished  much  for  ease  and  pathetic  manner   and  teart  rather  con- 
retirement.     He  added  that  nothing  but  firmed,  than  remoyed  any  suspicions  of 
the  King  or  the  mob,  who  were  near  de-  his  very  anxious  perplexed  situation/' 
stroying  him  to  day,  could  remove  him  : 

Rich  as  the  letters  before  us  arc  in  the  materials  of  Lord  Chatham's 
official  and  public  history,  they  have  also  disclosed  to  view  portions  of  his 
retired  hours  and  private  life,  more  fully  than  we  could  have  expected ; 
and  have  given,  to  the  somewhat  austere  character  of  the  stem  and  un- 
compromising statesman,  the  softer  touches  of  domestic  tenderness,  while 
they  have  also  afforded  us  a  view  of  his  familiar  occupations  during  his 
relaxation  from  tlie  great  commanding  duties  of  his  life.  Jjord  Brougham 
has  remarked  that  '*  he  delighted  in  poetry  and  other  light  reading,  was 
fond  of  music,  loved  the  country,  took  peculiar  pleasure  m  gardening,  and 
had  even  an  extremely  happy  taste  in  laying  out  grounds,***  We  believe 
this  to  be  the  fact ;  both  from  some  passages  in  the  correspondence  where 
he  was  complimented  on  his  taste  in  this  delightful  branch  of  art,  which 
may  be  called  *'  painting  with  Nature's  own  brush,  and  the  colours  of  her 
own  easel,"  as  well  as  from  some  traditionary  accounts  ;  and  we  beliere 
that  Lord  Chatham  possessed  what  he  himself  called  the  "prophetic  eye 
of  taste,"  at  a  period  when  the  principles  of  the  art  were  but  imperfectly 
develo|)ed  or  understood,  and  before  those  who  are  now  considered  as  its 
great  authorities,  had  appeared. f  Of  Lord  Chatham's  genius,  however^  in 
this  favourite  pursuit,  no  memorials  unfortunately  remain.  Of  what  he 
may  have  done  at  his  seat  at  Burton  Pynseut,  in  Somersetshire,  we  are 
ignorant.  South  Ixxlge  in  Enfield  Chase,  the  house  of  a  friend>  afforded  the 
earliest  specimen  of  his  abilities,  but  all  traces  of  his  hand,  we  believe,  have 
disappeared  ^  and  his  own  favourite  place,  Hayes,  near  Bromley,  in  Kent» 
has  not  been  more  faithful  in  preserving  the  beauties  with  which  he  de- 
lighted to  adoni  it.     In  either  case  the  "  Genius  loci  *'  has  to  moam  bis 


•  **  See  Chatham's  Correspondence,*'   vol.  Iv.  p.  138. 

f  Lancelot  Drown  was  the  landncape  gardener  of  the  day  in  Lord  Chatham's  timet 
patronized  by  the  King.  He  was  originally  a  gardener's  boy  at  Stowe,  and  raised  himself, 
Dotwithiitanding  the  disadvantage  of  a  low  but  hononurable  marriage,  to  respectability 
and  wealth.  See  some  account  of  him  in  the  Correspondence,  vol.  iv.  p.  430.  Bishop 
Warburton  said,  **  In  gardening  Lord  Chatham's  tajtte  is  inimitable — ^far  superior  to 
Urown'tt."  It  appears  from  a  letter  of  Lord  Lyttelton,  that  Lord  Chatham  tasitted 
to  form  the  beauties  of  Hagley.  At  Admiral  W  cst's  seat  near  Wickham,  in  Keatf 
was  a  walk  made  by  Pitt,  which  is  mentioned  by  Dr.  Johnson  in  his  life  of  West  the 
Puet.  These  are  iuflicient  evidences  of  hifl  love  of  the  art,  perhaps  of  his  skill.  Aa 
we  are  on  this  subject  we  may  be  ))ermitted  to  remark  that  we  cannot  agree  in  Die 
reason  assigned  bv  Mr.  Twining  in  his  Translation  of  Aristotle's  Poetics,  of  the  poetry 
of  the  Greeks  notfbeing  picturesque  like  that  of  the  moderns  ;  he  savs,  '*  They  had  no 
ThouiMons  because  they  had  no.  Claudes."  But  they  had  the  picture  drawn  by  a 
greater  than  Claude  before  them — that  of  nature ;  and  could  not  the  noet  select  SS 
well  afl  the  painter  from  her  beauties,  what  was  appropriate  for  his  art  r  The  faet  by 
pure  (le^ription  is  not  the  proi)er  province  of  poetry ;  it  is  a  sure  mark,  where  It 
prevailM,  of  a  feeble  and  declining  taste — this  the  severe  and  chaste  character  of 
ancient  poetry  refused  to  adopt.  After  all,  the  few  touches  of  human  character  and 
pait.Hion  as  in  the  stories  of  I^iviuia,  Celadon  and  Amelia,  are  the  moit  popular  parts  of 
Thomson's  poetry.  That  the  anoient.H  iiitens<-ly  loved,  and  well  understood  the 
beauties  of  nature,  the  choice  of  scenery,  and  the  composition  of  a  line  landscape, 
mav  be  seen  not  only  by  passages  in  their  writings,  both  in  prose  and  verset  but 
eminently  in  the  fine  situation  of  their  villas,  which  are  chosen  with  eiqiiisite  taste ; 
we  might  extend  the  same  remark  to  the  position  of  some  of  their  dtiee,  as  of  Pompeii* 
We  shall  therefore  alter  Mr.  Twining*s  sentence  and  say,  '*  They  had  no  TAojufOUt, 
because  they  considered  pure  description  as  the  province  of  their  Claudes.** 


56S 


Correspondence  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham. 


{jhttktf 


deserted  and  desecrated  shades. — We  have  now  ouly  to  select  a  towU 
share  of  that  part  of  the  correspondence  of  Lord  Chatham  which  relates 
to  his  private  life,  which  will  seem  to  confirm  and  illustrate  what  we  have 
said.  In  the  group  of  the  family  picture  we  have  also  endeavoared  to 
bring  prominently  forward  that  portion  in  which  the  figure  of  his  illiutrious 
Son  appears,  we  think,  to  great  advantage  5  in  his  earliest  dawn  giying 
promise  of  the  lustre  of  his  subsequent  career,  and  presenting  the  same 
masculine  virtues  of  a  mind  which  found  both  its  delight  and  reward  in  the 
pleasure  attending  on  a  settled  and  habitual  attention  to  its  dnties,  whether 
in  the  improvement  of  its  growing  faculties,  or  the  exertion  of  its  matured 
strength  :  the  following  letter  is  to  Lady  Chatham : — 


**  HayeSfJulyl,  1758. 
**  My  Dear  Love,  I  hope  this  letter 
will  find  you  safe  arrived  at  Stowe,  after  a 
journey  which  the  little  rain  must  have 
made  pleasant.  Hayes  is  as  sweet  with 
these  showers  as  it  can  be  without  the 
presence  of  her  who  gives  to  every  sweet 
its  best  sweetness.  The  loved  babes  are 
delightfully  well,  and  remembered  dear 
Mama  over  their  strawberries.  They  both 
looked  for  her  in  the  prints,  and  told  me 
*  Mama  gone  up  there — Stowe  garden.'  As 
the  showers  seem  local,  I  may  suppose 
my  sweet  love  enjoying  them  with  a  fine 
evening  sun,  and  finding  beauties  of  her 
acquaintance  grown  up  into  higher  per- 
fection, and  others,  before  unknown  to 
her,  and  still  to  me,  accomplishing  the 
total  charm.  The  messenger  is  just  arrived 
and  no  news.  Expectation  grows  every 
hour  into  more  anxiety:  the  fate  of 
Louisberg  and  Olmutz  probably  decided, 
though  the  event  unknown — the  enter- 
prize  crowned  with  success,  or  baffled  at 
this  moment,  and  indications  of  a  second 
battle  towards  the  Rhine.  I  trust,  my  life, 
in  the  same  favouring  providence  that  all 
will  be  well,  and  that  thitt  almost  degene- 
rate England  may  learn  from  the  disgrace 
and  ruin  it  shall  have  escaped,  and  the 
consideration  and  security  it  may  enjoy,  to 
be  more  deserving  of  the  blessing.  Sister 
Mary's  letter  of  yesterday  will  have  carried 
down  the  history  of  Hayes  to  last  night, 
and  the  continuator  of  this  day  has  the 
happiness  to  assure  my  sweetest  love  of 
the  health  of  its  inhabitants,  both  young 
and  old.  The  young  are  so  delight- 
fully noisy  that  I  hardly  know  what  to 
write.    My  most  affectionate  compliments 


to  all  the 
husband. 


congress. 


Tour  ever    loviag 

"  W.  Pitt." 
"  Nov.  19, 1759. 
**  My  Sweetest  Love, — After  much 
Court  and  more  House  of  Commoiu  widi 
Jemmy  Rivers*  since  a  hasty  rqMst,  what 
refreshment  and  delight  to  fit  down  to 
address  these  lines  to  the  dearest  object  of 
my  every  thought.  I  will  be^  by  teUing 
you  that  I  am  well,  for  that  it  if  my  hap- 
piness to  know  my  adored  first  wifhes  to 
hear ;  and  I  will  next  tell  myself,  and  tnift 
in  Heaven  that  my  hopea  do  not  deceive 
me,  that  this  letter  will  find  you  and  all 
our  little  angels  in  perfect  hraltb  ;  them 
in  joyful,  and  you  in  serene  and  happy 
spirits.  The  bitter  wind  has  forbid  all 
garden  occupations,  and  little  Williamt 
will  naturally  have  called  your  attentkmf 
more  towards  that  springing  human  plant 
than  to  objects  out  of  doors.  I  wait  with 
longing  impatience  for  the  groom*f  retam 
with  ample  details  of  you  and  yoors. 
Send,  my  sweetest  life,  a  thousand  particn- 
lars  of  all  those  littU-grtat  things  which, 
to  those  who  are  blessed  as  we  are,  fo  hr 
surpass  in  excellence  and  foceeed  in  at- 
traction, all  the  great 'little  things  of  the 
busy,  restless  world.  That  laborioofl  world 
forbids  my  wished-for  journey  on  Wed- 
nesday, and  protracts  till  the  evening  onr 
happy  meeting.  No  news  but  what  your 
faithAd  papers  administer  at  breal^Bft, 
except  what,  perhaps,  they  may  not  notice, 
viz.  that  Lord  George  Sackville  kaeekown 
hie/ace  at  the  opera  ;  the  event  i»  kmrdt^ 
worth  mentioning y  ae  nothing  woe  wm^timg 
to  complete  that  great  num*e  heroic  «fmtr- 
ance.    Your  ever  loving  husband.* '$ 


*  One  of  the  Under  Secretaries  of  State. 

f  Theirsecond  son,  William  Pitt. 

X  The  following  extract  from  a  note  to  Lady  Chatham  shews  the  oocnpation  of  Loid 
Chatham's  retired  hours  with  "  his  pretty  prattlers,"  as  Sir  R.  Lyttelton  calls  them. 
*'  The  principal  events  of  Hayes  is  Hetty's  chase  of  a  butterfly,  which  she  panraed 
over  the  daisy  lawn  with  the  ardour  of  a  little  nymph  of  Diana'f  tndn.  ^le  ipoit 
was  growing  too  hot,  and  we  wisely  agreed  to  whip  off  and  renew  the  host  ' 
day.*' 

1 


J  8  10.1 


Correspondence  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham. 


569 


Bath,  Nov.  18, 1763. 
Tliank  Ileaven  that  I  am  able  to  hold  a 
pen  und  tell  ray  love  the  feats  I  have  tliu 
(lay  ptTforiiied.  I  have  visited  the  fair 
dill'  of  (.'luvtTtDn  with  all  its  piny  forests, 
ami  have  drunk  one  glass  of  water,  as  I 
nturned,  sittinjjj  in  my  coach  of  state  in 
Still-stret't.  Hitherto  all  goes  prosper- 
ously with  iny  bodily  concerns.  So  that  1 
Ii:i\i>  no  pain  worth  mentioning,  but  that 
of  l)eini;  separated  from  my  kind  love,  and 
not  soeinij  five  little  faces  which  form 
round  htT  a  ^roup,  which  seems  all  de- 
light.— all  vihich  my  heart  can  ta-^te.  It 
IS,  iiititcd,  a  pleasure  to  think  that  I  am 
writim;  whit  will  give  my  dearest  heart 
pie  i>urc,  and  help  to  make  the  hours  of 
.sep.vration  m.)re  ca^y  and  comfortable.  It 
rains  civilities  upon  me  here  from  various 
ipLirttT-',  a:»il  It)  imv  own  sense  of  things 
only  rcude^^^  my  Mtualion  more  unaccount- 
able, not  to  say  ridiculous  ;  but  no  more  of 
thi-:  — 

••  \V!.i)  sc,»,  not  l*r()\idenr»»  all  kind  and  wise, 
A!ik«'  ri  what  if  jfiants  and  what  denies  ?" 

The  lIooiU  arc  prctiy  well;  the  Captain 
and  Mr.  Jai.ien  (.irenvillo,  as  also  Mr. 
Major, are  all  tiiat  I  have  opened  my  doois 
to.  Many.  I  find,  are  enough  di>poscd 
tt)  t  I'lvr  a  vi.-w  of  me,  whether  from  mere 
curio>itv  to  >ee  a  ^t^an^c  new  creature, 
vi/.  a  leader  whom  nobody  follows,  or  any 
other  re.ison — why,  I  do  not  conjecture.  I 
must  now.  my  lift-,  draw  to  a  conclusion, 
for  my  hand  adaioniahe»  me  not  to  be  too 
bidd.  Ki^isis  upon  kisses  to  the  little 
chihlren.   Your  ever  loving  husband, 

"  W.  Pitt." 

•*  Rath,  May:^,  17(»G. 
"  My  dearest  life   will  be  glad  to  sec 
und(  r    my   hand  that   1  am    safe   at   my 


journey's  end.  It  was  only  an  airing 
from  Hayes  hither.  I  lay  at  Speenham 
land,  and  dined  here  with  ease;  am  now 
in  my  old  corner  at  Mrs.  Griffith's.  The 
country  all  the  way  was  delightful,  but 
with  all  its  verdure  nothing  so  pleasing  to 
my  eye  as  poor  old  Hayes,  perhaps  not 
Hayes  itself,  but  what  I  left  there.  When 
will  you  come  ?  not  till  business  is  done» 
the  .sooner  after  that  the  happier  for  the 
wanderer,  who,  with  all  the  waters  of 
these  copious  springs,  will  not  wash  awaj 
for  a  moment  the  memory  of  parting,  nor 
the  wish  of  meeting.  I  trust  Wednesday 
will  bring  me  a  letter,  and  everything 
good,  ui)on  which  pleasing  hope  1  shall 


e. 


liv 

Again,  **  The  sight  of  your  hand,  my 
dearest  life,  and  the  contents  of  your 
wi-hed  for  IcttiT,  have  made  my  day  happy, 
absentee  excepted,  and  some  aniiety  for 
William.  The  exceptions,  indeed,  are 
not  small,  but  hope  of  approaching  meet- 
ing and  of  a  l)etter  account  next  post  of 
ourh>ved  boy,  are  sweeteners  of  the  present 
lot.  1  am  quite  delighted  with  the  first 
fruit.s  of  little  Mr.  Secretary's  pen.*  Pray 
tell  him  so,  aniWncourage  all  to  write  to  me; 
it  will  do  them  good  and  give  Papa  plea- 
sure. I  hoi>e  my  letter  of  Monday  will 
have  been  with  you  to-day,  as  I  know  the 
contents  will  not  be  uninteresting  to  yon. 
I  am  ashamed  to  find  myself  so  well  and 
not  sweating  in  St.  Stephen's  Chapel.  I 
never  bore  a  journey  so  well.  Was  it  that 
I  turned  my  back  upon  the  little  tricks 
of  childish  mcTi,  and  was  rapidly  borne 
towanU  the  depths  of  Somersetshire  by  an 
*  alacrity  at  sinking,*  to  borrow  Falstaif' ■ 
phrase,  *  1  would  with  ease  post  all  the 
world  over,  provided  always  it  was  to  fly 
from  such  a  world.'    Yours,*'  &c. 


*  Little  Mr.  Secretary,  afterwards  the  great  Prime  Minister;  this  youthful  portrait^ 
sketched  by  bin  father's  |H>ncil,  is  very  iuteresting.  In  the  August  of  the  same  year, 
17(i(»,  Mr.  Wilson,  the  tutor  in  Lord  Chatham's  family,  writes  to  the  countess,  **  My 
Lord  Pitt  is  much  iK'tter,  Lady  llesther  quite  well,  and  Mr.  William  very  near  it. 
1'he  last  gentleman  is  not  only  contented  in  retaining  his  P.ipa's  name,  but  perfectly 
happy  ill  it.  Thrfc  months  ngi>.  he  told  me  in  a  v^ry  serious  conxersation,  *  he  was 
gtiil  he  was  not  the  el  li-^t  roii,  but  that  he  womM  ser\r  his  ctMintry  in  the  House  of 
CiMiiiuoiis  liki-  hi^  Pipi.'  Mr.  Wilson  was  of  Pembroke  Hall,  afterwnrd.i  Canon  of 
\Viii(U«M-,  Prelnndary  «»f  <Ilou^•l•^ter,  and  for  mor«'  than  thirty  years  Rect«>r  of  Bir- 
tirld,  where  he  (lied  in  lhU4.  "  Though  a  boy  in  years  and  appearance,"  hay<  Dr.  Tom- 
lit'f,  "  Mr.  Pitt'a  manners  were  formed  and  his  behaviour  lutnly.  He  mixed  in  con* 
ver.salion  with  unutfected  vivacity,  and  delivered  hi»  ^cntiments  wifii  lurfect  ease, 
etpially  free  from  shyness  and  flippancy,  and  always  with  htnct  attentii>n  to  propriety 
uiid  decorum.  Lord  Chatham,  who  C4)uld  not  but  be  aware  of  the  powers  of  his  son's 
mind  and  underr«tan<ling,  had  encouraged  him  to  talk  without  reserve  upon  every 
subje  ;,  which  frcipicntly  afforded  op|)ortunity  for  conveying  useful  information  and 
jiiot  ncti'iiis  of  persons  and  things.  When  his  Lordship's  health  would  permit,  ho 
Mi-ver  sutfi  rt-d  a  d.iy  to  p.i:.-  witltout  giving  instruction  of  some  sort  to  his  children, 
{  o<l  -<  Mom  V. ir!jiii;t  reailin:;a  chipter  of  \\U  Hilite  with  them."  See  Memoirs,  i.  p.  4. 
Ill  lb  M'T  to  lady  Chatham  in  177^,  I^ird  Chatham,  whi>  had  taken  his  second  son 
v.it.i  hull  \\rife4.  "They  may  all  re>t  satisftnl  that  Pitt  is  everything  that  can  please. 
11'*  i.H  a  sweet  ntle  iNty,  he  i.n  a  i^eaaible,  conversable,  dis<Ti-et  inin,  sense  or  nonsense, 
%er>r  or  pro^e.  Homer,  Mouse,  taste,  all  ^hine  alike,  and  draw  perpetual  applauses 
from  Papa  and  Mr.  Wilson."  vol.  iii.  p.  -170. 

CiEM.  .Mao.  Vol.  XHL  4  D 


570  Correspondence  of  the  Earl  0/  Chatham,  [Jsne, 

The  follov^ing  letter  from  the  Earl  of  Chatham  to  Dr.  Addington*  is  the 

one  alhided  to  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  his  Diary^  May  24,  1808.     (See 

Lockhart*s  Life  of  Scott^  vol.  ix.  second  edition)  which  Lord  Sidmooth 

showed  him  when  the  poet  dined  with  him  at  Richmond  Park. 

**  Nov,  23,  1771.  like  a  fanner  abroad,  I  retam  home  tad 

**  Dear  Sir,— I  embrace  with  particu-  eat  like  one.    I  rejoice  that  PuiiameBft 

lar  pleasure  Lady  Chatham's  deputation,  meets  so  late,  for  if  I  must  go  thither  I 

in  acknowledging  the  favour  of  your  very  shall  be  induced 

obliging  letter  to  me.     A  small  cold  oc-  ** discedere  tristem 

casions  her  committing  her  pen  to  my  Quaodocunqne  trahant  invisa  negotia    Ro- 


hand,  which  at  present  seconds  well  my 

inclination  to  take  it  up,  on  such  an  oc-  Your  obliging  inquiries  justify  all  detaili 

casion  as  writing  to  you.    All  your  friends  about  health  and  regimen.    iUe  then  goes 

here,  the  flock  of  your  land,  are  truly  on  admirably  and  agrees  perfectly.    My 

sensible  of  the  kind  attention  of  the  good  reference  for  it  too  is  increased,  having  jwl 

shepherd.     Our  dear  WiUiam  has  held  out  read  in  the  manners  of  our  remotest  Cdtio 

well  on  the  whole.    Pitt  lives  much  abroad  ancestors  much  of  its  antiquity  and  inYigo- 

and  grows  strong;  the  hounds  and  the  rating  qualities.     The  boys  all  kmg  for  Ble* 

gunaregreatdelights,  without  prejudice  to  seeing  rapa  drink  it,  but  we  do  not  try 

literary  pursuits.    I  sometimes  follow  him  such  an  experiment.    Such  is  the  force  <x 

after  a  hare— longo  sed  proximus  inter-  example  that  I  find  I  must  watch  myielf 

yallo.     My  last  fit  of  the  gout  left  me  as  it  in  all  I  do,  for  fear  of  misleading;  if  your 

had  visited  me,  very  mildly.     I  am  many  Mend  William  saw  me  smoke,  he  would 

hours  every  day  in  the  field,  and  as  I  live  certainly  call  for  a  pipe,'*  &c. 

It  is  not  easy  to  select  from  the  many  letters  in  the  fourth  Tolume 

which  describe  the  scenes  of  domestic  life  and  rural  enjoyment^ 

" the  happier  hour 

Of  lettered  ease,  but  ill  exchanged  for  power.*' 

all  of  which  present  the  great  statesman  and  orator  in  the  milder  scene  of 
his  private  retirement,  and  surrounded  with  his  parental  affections ;  bot  we 
must  confine  our  extracts  to  those  which  seem  to  reflect  the  double  image 
of  the  father  and  the  son,  more  pleasing  by  being  placed  in  gentle  contrBSt 
together. 

**  Jam  senior  Peleus,  nee  adhuc  maturus  Achilles.*' 
Lord  Chatham  saw  with  a  father *s  pride  the  early  dawn  and  promise  of 
his  son's  rapidly  expanding  talents  ;  and  the  son  held  out  to  himself  the 
father's  character,  as  the  great  model  and  example  on  which  to  form  his 
own.^  Disliked  as  he  was  by  the  sovereign  he  served,  dreaded  by  the 
party  with  whom  he  acted,  looked  on  in  the  world  either  with  awe  or 
distrust,  it  was  in  the  bosom  of  his  own  family  that  the  virtues  of 
Lord  Chatham  seemed  to  unfold  and  blossom  as  in  a  soil  and  atmosphere 
they  loved :  the  terrors  of  the  statesman  were  laid  aside,  the  thunders 
of  his  voice  and  the  lightning  of  his  eye  were  quenched,  and  the  purest 
fountains  of  connubial  love  and  paternal  affection  were  permitted  to  flow 
at  will, 

"  Sic  felix,  simplexque  domus,  fraudumque  malamm 
Inscia,  et  hospitibus  superis  dignissima  sedes.*' 

*  Dr.  John  Johnson,  in  his  Life  of  Hayley,  says,  that  '*  during  his  residence  at 
Lyme  in  Dorsetshire,  1773,  he  became  acquainted  with  the  two  sons  of  Lord  Chatham. 
William  was  then  a  wonderful  boy  of  fourteen,  who  endeared  himself  not  a  little  to 
the  poet  by  admiring  his  favourite  horse,  and  by  riding  to  show  him  several  romantic 
spots  in  the  vicinity,  where  an  earthquake  is  supposed  to  have  produced  a  wOd  and 
beautiful  singularity  of  appearance  in  the  face  of  nature.'*  Lord  Chatham  tmya  in 
one  of  his  letters,  ''  It  is  a  delight  to  see  William  see  nature  in  her  free  and  wild 
compositions ;  and  I  tell  myself  as  we  go  that  the  general  mother  is  not  ■■*»»"*H  of 
her  child.  Indeed,  my  life,  the  promise  of  our  dear  diildren  does  me  more  good  tfiaa 
the  purest  of  pure  air,'*  &c. 


1840.] 


Correspondence  of  the  Bar!  qf  Chatham. 


671 


We  must  now  pass  on  rather  more  rapidly  than  we  could  have  wished, 
to  the  time  when  William  Pitt  exchanged  the  paternal  roof  for  the  learned 
shades  of  Cam,  where  his  young  laurels  soon  thickened  round  him.  '*  Al- 
though/* says  Dr.  Tomline,  who  was  one  of  his  tutors,  "  he  was  little  more 
than  fourteen  when  he  went  to  reside  at  the  university,  and  had  laboured 
under  the  disadvantage  of  frequent  ill  health,  the  knowledge  which  he 
then  possessed  was  very  considerable  ;  and,  in  particular,  his  proficiency 
in  the  learned  languages  was  probably  greater  than  was  ever  acquired  by 
any  other  person  in  such  early  youth.  In  Latin  authors  he  seldom  met 
with  difficulty,  and  it  was  no  uncommon  thing  for  him  to  read  in  English 
six  or  seven  pages  of  Thucydides,  which  he  had  not  previously  seen, 
without  more  than  two  or  three  mistakes,  and  sometimes  without  one.  It 
was  by  I^rd  Chatham's  particular  desire  that  Thucydides  was  the  first 
Greek  book  which  Mr.  Pitt  read  after  he  came  to  college.  The  only 
other  wish  ever  expressed  by  his  Lordship  relative  to  his  son's  studies  was 
he  that  1  would  read  Polybius  with  him."* 

The  following  letter,  the  second  he  wrote  after  his  arrival  at  college,  is 
far  too  interesting  and  too  honourable  to  the  writer  to  withhold.  In  how 
few  years  after,  this  yonth  was  then  reading  Qnintilian  with  his  tutors, 
was  to  be  prime  minister  of  England,  and  Arbiter  ofthe  destinies  of  Europe ! 

"  Pembroke  Hall,  Oct,  15.  1773. 
*•  My  dear  father  will,  I  hope,  believe 
that  nothing  could  make  me  more  happy 
than  his  kind  and  pleasing  letter;  and  is, 
I  truMt,  assured  that  its  flattering  contents 
must  incite  mc  to  labour  in  manly  Tirtue 
and  useful  knowledge,  that  I  may  be  on 
some  future  day  worthy  to  follow  in  part 
the  glorious  example  always  before  my 
eyes.  How  ill  timed  was  the  neglect  of 
the  post,  that  could  damp  with  any  degree 
of  anxiety  the  rejoicings  on  the  happy 
ninth  of  October  !  Our  thoughts  as  ar- 
dently hailed  the  auspicious  day  as  your 
renowned  western  luminary,  who,  I  trust, 
by  tlie  next  morning,  though  he  sunk  that 
night  probably  in  a  bowl  of  punch, — 


*  Had  trirk'd  his  beams,  and  with  new  span- 
gled ore 
Flamed  in  the  forehead  of  the  momiog  tky  ; ' 

Sunday  being  the  day  which  he  usually 
celebrates  in  the  gold  waistcoat.  Lectures 
in  Quintilian  will  shortly  call  me  away 
from  the  pleasure  of  writing  to  you ;  so 


that  I  shall  be  able  to  add  but  little  more. 
You  see  by  this  that  I  am  now  fettled  to 
business ;  and  the  tutors  make  a  favoar- 
able,  I  fear,  a  partial  report  to  the  master, 
who  has  obligingly  taken  the  trouble  of 
hearing  me  himself,  and  1  tnut  is  not 
wholly  dissatisfied.  Health  smiles  on  my 
studies,  and  a  college  life  grows  every  day 
more  and  more  agreeable.  I  received  yet* 
terday  another  most  kind  letter  from  Bur- 
ton, for  which  I  am  infinitely  obliged.  I  was 
very  sorry  to  find  that  anything  of  goat 
was  felt,  but  I  hope  all  those  sensationi 
are  before  now  perfectly  dispersed.  I  wu 
in  hopes  to  have  had  a  few  minutes  to 
write  to  my  dear  mother,  and  thank  her 
for  her  letter ;  but  1  find  I  must  defer  it 
to  the  next  post.  I  therefore  beg  lee?e 
to  trouble  you  with  my  duty  to  her,  as 
well  as  love  to  brothers  and  sisters.  Many 
many  thanks  to  the  latter  for  their  oblig- 
ing epistles,  which  1  wish  1  had  time  to 
answer.     I  am,  my  dear  father, 

"  Your  dutiful  and  afiectionate  son, 

"  W.  PlTT."t 


The  Honble.  Wm.  Pitt  to  the  Earl  of  Chatham  :— 

*•  Pembroke  Hall,  July  3,  1774.  tunity  of  beginning  my  weekly  journal  of 

"My  drarFathkr — As  I  consider  my  ('ambridge  intelligence.     The  first  article 

last,  which  gave  an  account  of  our  arriviU  is,  that  college  life  hitherto  agrees  ex<xed- 

hcre,  as  an  extra  letter,  I  take  this  oppor-  ingly  well,  and  pleases  in  the  same  degree. 

*  Vide  Life  of  Pitt. 

t  Soon  after  this  letter  was  written  Mr.  Pitt  was  attacked  with  a  serious  iUnesi, 
which  confined  him  near  two  months,  and  at  last  reduced  him  to  so  weak  a  state,  that 
after  he  was  convalescent  he  was  four  days  in  travelling  to  1/ondon.  It  was  a  crisie 
in  his  constitution.  Hy  great  attention  to  diet,  exercise,  and  to  early  hours,  he  gra- 
dually gained  strength,  and  his  health  became  progressively  confirmed.  At  the  age 
of  eighteen  he  was  a  healthy  man,  and  he  continued  so  for  many  years. 


572 


Correspondence  of  the  Earl  6f  Chatham. 


[fme\ 


The  society  is  not  so  much  reduced  as  we 
expected  :  but  it  will  be  somewhat  thinner 
in  a  short  time.  However,  with  regard 
to  tutors  I  think  it  is  settled  very  well,  as 
either  Mr.  Farmer  or  Mr.  Pretyman  will 
be  here  constantly  through  the  summer. 
They  bad  both  proposed  to  be  absent,  but 
when  they  heard  I  was  coming,  they  rea- 
dily altered  their  plan.  The  master,  I 
understand,  intends  to  be  at  Margate  part 
of  the  summer ;  but  upon  the  whole,  the 
college  will,  I  believe,  not  be  empty,  con- 
sidering the  time  of  year.  I  have  as  yet 
made  no  new  coffee-house  acquaintances, 
but  I  have  been  considerably  entertained 
by  a  paragraph  in  all  the  papers  there, 
that  Lord  Chatham  was  soon  to  make  the 
tour  of  Italy  for  the  establishment  of  his 
health.  This  letter  I  fear  may  scarce 
reach  you  before  your  departure,  hut  I 
hope  not  to  be  left  ignorant  of  your  future 
direction :  on  which  account  I  trust  I 
shall  not  be  long  without  receiving  a  letter 
that  may  give  me  some  information. 
However,  if  this  good  reas6n  should  fail, 
there  will  be  always  other  causes  to  pro- 
duce the  same  effect,  when  the  intelligence 

"  P.  Hall,  July  27,  1774. 
"  Dear  Father, — To  tell  you  that  I 
was  made  very  happy  by  the  receipt  of 
your  letter,  or  how  much  I  am  obliged  to 
you  for  it,  would  be  taking  up  your  time 
to  no  purpose.  Therefore,  without  giving 
you  the  trouble  of  reading  what  I  trust 
you  are  already  assured  of,  I  shall  proceed 
to  give  you  satisfaction  on  one  of  the 
points  mentioned  in  your  letter,  by  in- 
forming you  that  broad  daylight  is  the 
constant  witness  to  my  conversations  with 
the  Nine ;  and  that  even  in  that  period  they 
are  not  wooed  with  too  mnch  assiduity, 
nor  any  one  of  them  with  partiality.  Tbu- 
cydides,  Quintilian  and  philosophy  share 
in  my  attention.  I  know  that  you  will 
not  be  surprised  to  hear  that  the  historic 
muse  captivates  extremely  ;  but  at  the 
same  time  I  beg  you  to  be  persuaded  that 
neither  she  nor  any  of  her  sisters  allure 
me  from  the  resolution  of  early  hours, 
which  has  been  stedfastly  adhered  to,  and 
makes  the  academic   life  agree  perfectly. 


coDcems  my  dear  father  cfr  any  of  hit 
companions.  I  am  not  without  hopM 
that  today's  post  may  furnish  me  with 
some  account  of  them.  I  have  this  moming 
for  the  first  time  mounted  my  horse,  and 
was  accompanied  by  Mr.  Wilson  on  his 
beautiful  cart-horse,  who  succeeds  to  ad- 
miration. We  find  it  by  no  means  an 
easy  matter  to  get  any  grass  for  them,  aa 
most  of  the  lands  about  this  place  con- 
tinue enclosed  no  longer  than  the  first  of 
August,  being  what  are  called  lammaa- 
grounds.  Upon  the  whole,  Mr.  Wilson 
and  myself  have  found  on  a  just  calculation 
that  it  will  be  full  as  cheap,  and  much 
more  convenient,  to  keep  them  in  the 
house, — the  master  having  most  obligingly 
offered  us  the  use  of  his  stable,  which  is 
close  to  the  college.  My  duty  to  my 
mother,  and  kind  love  to  my  sisters  and 
James.  Here  the  dinner»bell  brings  this 
scrawl  to  a  conclusion,  so  that  1  must 
beg  you  to  excuse  my  assuring  you  in 
haste,  that  I  am,  my  dear  father, 

'*  Your  dutiful  and  affectionate  son, 

*•  W.  PlTT.'» 

Quintilian  I  fiod  an  agreeable  book,  and 
it  is  very  methodical  on  the  subject  it 
treats  ;  and  the  philosophical  studies  have 
the  same  charm  as  formerly.  In  the  in- 
terval of  these  occupations,  which  is  no 
very  small  one,  riding  claims  atteotion, 
and  Nutmeg  performs  admirably.  Even 
the  solid  shoulders  of  Peacock  are  not 
without  admirers :  and  they  have  jogged 
Mr.  Wilson  into  tolerable  health  and 
spirits  ;  though  at  first  the  salutary  exer- 
cise had  an  effect  that  for  some  time  pre- 
vented his  pursuing  it.  The  rides  in  the 
neighbourhood  afford  nothing  striking,  but 
at  the  same  time  are  not  un))lca8ing  when 
one  is  a  little  used  to  a  flat  open  country. 
The  com,  which  is  ripening  very  fast,  has 
a  pretty  appearance,  and  there  is  a  great 
deal  hereabouts.  This,  I  think,  is  all  upon 
the  article  of  farming,  and  after  this  there 
remains  only  the  favour  of  you  to  give 
my  duty  to  my  mother,  and  love  to  sisters 
and  James,  when  you  see  him. 

I  am,  &c.   W.  Pitt." 


it 


The  Earl  of  Chatham  to  the  Hon.  William  Pitt  :— 


''Hayes,  Sept.  2,  1774. 
**  I  write,  my  dearest  William,  the  post 
just  going  out,  only  to  thank  you  for  your 
most  welcome  letter,  and  for  the  affec- 
tionate anxiety  you  express  for  my  situa- 
tion, left  behind  in  the  hospital  when  our 
flying  camp  moved  to  Stowe.  Gout  has 
for  the  present  subsided,  and  seems  to 
intend  deferring  his  favours  till  winter,  if 
autunm  will  do  his  duty,  and  bless  us  with 
a  course  of  steady  weather — those  days 


which  Madame  de  Sevign6  so  beautifully 
paints, — *  des  jours  fiMs  d*or  ct  de  soie.» 

"  I  have  the  pleasure  to  tell  you  that 
your  mother  and  sisters  returned  perfectly 
well  from  Bucks,  warm  in  praises  of  mag- 
nificent and  princely  Stowe,  and  full  of 
due  sentiments  of  the  agreeable  and  kind 
reception  they  found  there.  No- less  than 
two  damages  in  the  short  time  they  passed 
there.  One  escape  from  a  wasp**  ^est, 
which  proved  only  an  adventure  to  talk 


1 8 10.] 


Correapondence  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham, 


573 


of,  by  the  incomparable  skill  and  presence 
of  mind  of  Mr.  Cotton.  Driving  our  girls 
in  his  carriage  with  four  very  fine  horses, 
and  no  po>tilion,  they  fell  into  an  ambus- 
cade of  wasps  more  fierce  than  Pandorus, 
who  beset  these  coursers  of  spirit,  not 
inferior  to  Xanthus  and  Podarges,  and 
stung  them  to  madness.  When  disdaining 
the  master's  hand,  he  turned  them  short 
into  a  hedge,  threw  some  of  them,  as  he 
meant  to  do,  and  leaping  down  seized  the 
bridles  of  the  leaders,  afforded  time  for 
your  sisters  to  get  out  safe  and  sound, 
their  honour  in  point  of  courage  unhurt, 
as  well  as  their  bones :  for  they  are  cele- 
brated not  a  little  on  their  composure  in 
this  alarming  situation.  I  rejoice  that 
your  time  passes  to  your  mind  in  the 
evacuated  seat  of  the  muses.  However, 
knowing  that  these  heavenly  ladies,  unlike 
the  London  fair,  delight  most  and  spread 
their   choicest   charms    and  treasures  in 


Bweet  and  retired  solitude,  I  do  not  wondei' 
that  their  true  votary  is  happy  to  be  alone 
with  them.  Mr.  Pretyman  will  by  no 
means  spoil  company,  and  I  wish  you  joy 
of  his  return.  How  many  commons  have 
you  lost  of  late  ?  Whose  fences  have  yon 
broken  ?  and  in  what  lord  of  the  manor*! 
pound  have  any  tirayi  qf  science  been 
found,  since  the  famous  adventure  of 
catching  the  horses  witli  such  admirable 
address  and  alacrity.* 

**  I  beg  my  affectionate  compliments  to 
Mr.  Wilson,  and  hope  you  will  both  beware 
of  an  enclosed  country  for  the  future. 
Little  Jaines  is  still  with  us,  doing  pe- 
nance for  the  Aiffh  Hting  so  well  described 
to  you  in  Mrs.  Pam's  excellent  epistle. 
All  loves  follow  my  sweetest  boy  in  more 
abundance  than  I  have  time  or  ability  to 
express.  I  desire  my  best  compliments  to 
the  kind  and  obliging  master  who  loTei 
Cicero  and  you.*'t 


Wc  now  shall  give  a  letter  from  Mr.  Pitt  to  his  mother,  the  Countess  of 
Chatham,  describing  the  effect  of  Liord  Chatham's  speech,  Jan.  20,  1775, 
on  a  motion  he  made  on  America,  when,  to  use  his  own  words,  "  he 
knocked  at  the  door  of  a  sleeping  or  confounded  ministry,'*  and  on  the 
day  previous  to  which  he  wrote  to  the  Countess,  "If  gout  does  not  put  in 
a  veto,  wliich  I  trust  in  Heaven  it  will  not,  I  will  be  in  the  House  of  Lords 
on  Fridav,  then  and  there  to  make  a  motion  relative  to  America.  Be  of 
good  cheer,  noble  love —  ' 

Yes,  I  am  proud — I  must  be  proud — to  see 
Men  not  afraid  of  God,  afraid  of  me. 

Look   fresh  and  merrily  to-morrow,  and  I  will  look  to  doors  and  wio- 

clows,"  &c. 


••  Bond  St.  Jan.  21,  1775. 
*•  My  Dkar  Mothkr — My  Fnthcrinnow 
gcttirikc  up,  and  has  had,  I  am  told,  a  good 
ni^ht.  I  have  this  minute  been  to  him  with 
your  nu'S!«agt*,  which  he  cannot  answer  till 
he  is  up  and  breakfasted,  as  he  cannot 
form  hi^  rcsohition  about  coming  till  then. 
In  tlic  Mirintime  I  offer  a  word  or  two  in 
answer  to  your  letter.  Nothing  prevented 
his  npc< ch  from  Ix'ing  tho  most  forcible 
tint  (Mil  be  imagined,  and  administration 
fully  flit  it.  Th<'  matter  and  mi»ntT  both 
were  ^triking  far  beyond  what  I  can  ex- 


press. It  was  everything  that  was  supe- 
rior ;  and  though  it  had  not  the  desired 
effect  on  an  obdurate  House  of  Lords,  it 
must  have  an  infinite  effect  without  doort» 
the  bar  being  crowded  with  Americani,^ 
Btc.  Lord  Suffolk,  I  cannot  say,  answer- 
ed him,  but  spoke  after  him.  He  vfas  a 
contemptible  orator  indeed,  with  paltry 
mittrr,  and  a  whining  delivery.  Lora 
Shelburne  spoke  well,  and  supported  the 
motion  warmly.  XjotA  Camden  was  9U» 
pretne  with  one  only  exception,  and  if 
zcidoud  as  possible.     I^ord   Rockingham 


•  Tlii««  allude*  to  a  letter  from  Mr.  Pitt  to  his  mother,  August  21,  relating  an  ad* 
venture  of  turning  the  horse*  over  a  hedge,  who  gallujyed  away,  leaving  the  reverend 
tutor  and  the  disconsolate  pupil  a  mile  behind,  and  too  late  for  college  commons. 

t  This  alludes  to  a  pansage  in  a  previous  letter  of  Mr.  Pitt's.  "  During  the  iDtenral 
of  a  liny  or  two  before  the  arrival  of  the  latter,  (iJr.  Pretyman,^  the  master  reed  with 
Mie  some  part  of  Ciecro  de  Sene(*tute,  of  which  he  is  a  great  admirer.'' 

t  Dr.  Franklin  was  present  on  this  memorable  orcasion.  as  may  be  teen  in  bis 
Memoirs.  l>ord  Chatham  himself  introduced  him,  taking  him  by  the  arm,  and  de- 
li\ering  him  to  the  dtMirkeepers.  said  aloud,  **  This  is  Dr.  Franklin,  whom  I  would  have 
mlinitted  into  the  House.*'  He  said  to  Franklin,  *'  I  am  sure  your  presence  at  thi« 
day's  debate  will  be  of  more  service  to  America  than  mine." 


574 


Correspondence  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham, 


[Jatfe, 


spoke  shortly  but  sensibly,  and  the  Dnke 
of  Richmond  well,  and  with  much  can- 
dour as  to  the  Declaratory  Act.  Upon 
the  whole  it  was  a  noble  debate.  The 
Ministry  were  violent  beyond  expectation, 
almost  to  madness.  Instead  of  recalling 
the  troops  therein,  they  talked  of  sending 
more,  &c.  I  can  now  tell  you  correctly 
my  father  has  slept  well,  without  any 
burning  in  the  feet  or  restlessness.  He 
has  had  no  pain,  but  is  lame  in  one  ankle 
near  the  instep,  from  standing  so  long. 


No  wonder  he  is  lame ;  h!i  iint  smmIi 
lasted  mboTe  an  hour,  and  the  tecond  half 
an  hour,  surely  the  two  finest  speedies  that 
ever  were  made  before,  unlew  by  him- 
self.* He  will  be  with  you  to  d^er  by 
four  o*clock.  Adieu,  my  dear  mother, 
a  thousand  loves  all  around  you.  I  wish 
I  had  time  and  memory  to  give  an  aooount 
of  all  I  heard  and  all  I  felt.  Tovr  ever 
dutiful  son, 

"W.Pitt." 


We  arc  now  approaching  to  a  conclnsion  of  these  singnlarly  interesting  let- 
ters, in  which  the  characters  of  Lord  Chatham's  eloquence  are  drawn,  and 
its  effects  witnessed  and  described^  by  an  orator  in  some  points  superior  to 
himself — his  own  accomplished  son.  Writing  to  his  mother  on  Ixnrd 
Chatham's  second  speech  on  the  30th  May,  for  the  cessation  of  hostili- 
ties, he  says — 


"  He  spoke  a  second  time  in  answer  to 
Lord  Weymouth,  to  explain  the  object  of 
his  motion,  and  his  intention  to  follow  it 
by  one  for  the  repeal  of  all  the  acts  of 
Parliament,  which  form  the  system  of 
Charter-party.  This  he  did  in  a  flow  of 
eloquence,  and  with  a  beauty  of  expression 
animated  and  striking  beyond  conception. 
The  various  incidents  of  the  debate  you 
will  undoubtedly  learn,  so  that  I  need  not 


detain  you  with  an  account  of  them. 
You  will,  I  think,  also  hear,  that  smong 
the  supporters  of  the  motion.  Lord  Shel« 
bume  was  as  great  as  possible.  His 
speech  was  one  of  the  most  intereitiBg 
and  forcible  I  think  that  I  ever  heard,  or 
even  can  imagine.  Lord  Mansfield  ap- 
peared to  me  to  make  a  miserable  attempt 
to  mislead  his  hearers,  and  to  cavil  at  the 
question." 


*  These  celebrated  speeches  were  taken  down  by  Mr.  Hugh  Boyd,  and  published  by 
Dodsley  in  the  year  1779.  We  must  extract  one  passage  as  a  specimen  of  that  style  of 
oratory  which  produced  a  powerful  effect  on  a  popular  assembly  when  accompanied  by 
dignity  of  manner,  form,  and  modulation  of  voice,  and  great  animation  and  leal  in  the 
cause  that  is  maintained.  **  When  your  Lordships  look  at  the  papers  transmitted  to  us 
from  America,  when  you  consider  their  decency,  firmness,  and  wisdom,  you  cannot  but 
respect  their  cause,  and  wish  to  make  it  your  own.  For  myself,  I  must  declare  and 
avow,  that  in  all  my  reading  and  observation — and  it  has  been  my  favourite  study— I 
have  read  Tbucydides,  and  have  studied  and  admired  the  master-states  of  the  world — 
that  for  solidity  of  reasoning,  force  of  sagacity,  and  wisdom  of  conclusion,  under  such 
a  complication  of  difficult  circumstances,  no  nation  or  body  of  men  can  stand  in  pre- 
ference to  the  general  Congress  at  Philadelphia.  I  trust  it  is  obvious  to  your  Lord- 
ships, that  all  attempts  to  impose  servitude  upon  such  men,  to  establish  despotism  over 
such  a  mighty  continental  na/ton,  must  be  vain,  must  be  fatal.  We  shall  be  forced 
ultimately  to  retreat.  Let  us  retreat  while  we  can,  not  when  we  must«  I  say  we 
must  necessarily  undo  these  violent  oppressive  acts ;  they  must  be  rq^ealed^-fou  witi 
repeal  them.  I  pledge  myself  for  it,  that  you  will  in  the  end  repeal  them,  I  stake 
my  reputation  on  it.  1  will  consent  to  be  taken  for  an  idiot,  if  they  are  not  Jbudfy 
repealed.  Avoid  then  this  humiliating  disgraceful  necessity.  With  a  dignity  be- 
coming your  exalted  situation,  make  the  first  advances  to  concord  and  peace  and 
happiness,  for  that  is  your  true  dignity  to  act  with  prudence  and  justice ;  that  you 
should  first  concede  is  obvious,  from  sound  and  rational  policy.  Concession  comet  with 
better  grace  and  more  salutary  effect  from  superior  power ;  it  recondlei  siq>eriority  of 
power  with  the  feelings  of  men  ;  and  establishes  soUd  confidence  on  the  foundation  of 
affection  and  gratitude.  So  thought  a  wise  poet,  and  a  wise  man  in  politieal  sagacity — 
the  ftiend  of  Mecsenas,  and  the  eulogist  of  Augustus.  To  him  the  adopted  ton  and 
successor  of  the  first  Csesar,  to  him,  the  master  of  the  worid,  he  wisely  urged  *K«« 
conduct  of  prudence  and  dignity — ^Tuque  prior,  tu  parce,  projice  tela  menu  |  •  •  • 
To  conclude,  my  Lords,  if  the  ministers  thus  persevere  in  mindviiing  and  mi«i— jKw^ 


1 840.]  Correspondence  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham.  575 

The  following  is  the  last  letter  which  appears  in  the  correspondence 
addressed  by  Pitt  to  his  father,  who  died  in   the  May  of  the  following 

year. 

"  Pembroke  Hall,  Sept.  26,  1777.  a  solitary  lamp  in  a  gloomy  cloister ;   or 

*'My  Dear  Father — If  that  employ-  any  other  image  of  magistracy,   than  a 

meat  of  your  pea  is  the  best  which  creates  ragged  corporation   presiding  over  Stri^ 

tlie  most  sincere  and  genuine  happiness,  bitch  fair,  and  performing  the  functions 

it  is  indeed  impossible  even  for  you  to  that  so  long  ago  characterised  their  office. 

employ  it  half  so  well  as  in  addressing  to  ,» wx-.                        j-           *t 

me*  those   most  kind  and  welcome  lines,  "  ^  "^^""^  ^^  ^'^'^'  Z'f^  "J^'^  .. 

which  have  afforded  me  such  singubir  sa-  ^^*^^>  pannosus  vacms  «diUs  ulabns.  - 

tisfaction,  and  I  am  sure  it  is  as  impossi-  By  a  letter  from  Harriet,  the  other  day, 
ble  for  mine  to  employ  itself  so  naturally  I  learn  that  you  have  had  the  happiness  of 
or  agreeably  as  by  indulging  the  overflow-  hearing  from  the  sailor.  I  hope  he  it 
ings  of  joy,  and  carrying  the  warmest  tri-  as  prosperous  in  his  element  of  water,  ■■ 
bate  of  thanks  to  the  source  fr6m  whence  Lord  Mahon  in  his  of  fire.  We  have  not 
they  had  issued.  Your  pen  cannot  revive  had  a  word  of  news  here.  So  that  I  am 
without  reviving  with  it  a  thousand  at-  confined  strictly  to  my  ancient  politicly 
tendant  pleasures  and  advantages.  Rhe-  though  not  without  some  impatience  to 
torics,  politics,  and  ethics,  seem  already  relieve  my  suspence  by  an  excursion  into 
to  shew  me  more  consideration,  having  these  modern  times,  which,  however,  the 
such  credentials  with  me  ;  at  least  from  silence  of  the  Gazettes,  &c.  denies  me* 
some  cause  or  other,  from  them  and  every  I  am  called  away  by  the  irresistible  ram- 
other  channel,  since  the  receipt  of  your  mons  of  a  dinner  bell,  which  on  an  ere§9d 
letter,  I  derive  double  satisfaction.  1  am  inff  day,  as  this  is,  with  a  time  of  in* 
very  sorry  to  be  at  a  distance,  for  the  creased  solemnity,  requires  my  presence 
speculative  Lord  Mahon  is  to  exhibit  on  in  the  hall  to  do  justice  to  the  character  of 
Friday,'*'  which  has  every  thing  to  interest  a  collegiate,  more  weighty  on  this  occaaioii 
the  eye  and  the  mind.  The  magistrates  of  than  even  your  own  of  a  farmer.  Adieu  t 
such  a  city,  seeing  such  a  flame  disarmed  then,  my  dear  father,  and  believe  the  hastj 
of  its  terror,  present  themselves  to  my  scrawl  which  assures  you  how  sincerely  I 
imagination,  though  in  the  objects  near  am  ever  your  dutiful  and  affectionate  ioiiv 
me  I  have  nothing  to  aid  my  idea  of  so  '*  William  Pitt.** 
superb  an  illumination  but  the  dimness  of 

We  shall  end  by  giving  two  specimens  of  Lord  Chatham's  poetical 
|)owcrs.  While  on  a  visit  at  Mount  Edgecumbe,  Garrick  received 
the   following  poetical  invitation  from  Lord  Chatham  to  visit  Barton 

Pynseut. 

"  Leave,  Garrick,  the  rich  landscape,  proudly  gay, 
Docks,  forts,  and  navies  brightening  all  the  way  ; 
To  my  plain  roof  repair,  primeval  seat, 
Yet  there  no  wonders  your  quick  eye  can  meet, 
Save  should  you  deem  it  wonderful  to  find 
Ambition  cured,  and  an  impassion'd  mind, 


the  King,  I  will  not  say  that  they  can  alienate  the  affections  of  his  sabjecta  from  hit 
crown  ;  but  I  will  affirm,  that  thif  will  make  the  eretvn  not  worth  hit  wearing,  I 
will  not  say  that  the  King  is  betrayed,  but  i  will  pronounce  that  the  kingdom  is  undoneP* 
*  Among  the  ingenious  discoveries  of  Lord  Mahon  (after  Lord  Stanhope),  waa  a 
method  of  renderiog  buildings  fire-proof.  So  confident  was  he  in  the  efficacy  of  his 
plan,  that  he  erected  in  the  park  at  Chevening  a  wooden  building,  in  the  upper  story 
of  which  he  invited  a  party  of  scientific  friends,  to  partake  of  ices  and  other  refresh- 
ments,  and  then  lighted  an  immense  bonfire  in  the  room  below,  and  on  one  fide  of  Cho 
house.  A  full  account  of  the  invention  and  experiment  was  published  in  the  Phil. 
Transactions  for  1778,  and  republished  in  the  Annual  Register  of  thefoUowing  rear. 
*'  Had  our  dear  friend,'*  writes  Lord  Chatham,  **  been  bom  sooner,  Nero  and  the 
second  Charln  conld  never  have  amused  themjelvei  by  rediiciii(  to  ashes  tbo  two 
noblest  cities  of  the  world.*' 


576  Correspondence  of  ihe  Earl  of  Chatham,  [June, 

A  statesman  without  power  and  without  gall. 

Hating  no  courtiers,  happier  than  them  all. 

Bound  to  no  yoke,  nor  crouching  for  applause, 

Votary  alone  to  freedom  and  the  laws. 

Herds,  flocks,  and  smiling  Ceres  deck  our  plain, 

And  interspersed  an  heart-enlivening  train 

Of  sportive  children  frolic  o'er  the  green ; 

Meantime  pure  love  looks  on  and 'consecrates  the  scene. 

Come,  then,  immortal  spirit  of  the  Stage, 

Great  Nature's  proxy,  glass  of  every  age, 

Come  taste  the  simple  life  of  Patriarchs  old, 

Who,  rich  in  rural  peace,  ne'er  thought  of  pomp  or  gold." 

'*  I  am  charmed  with  your  verses,"  writes  Lord  Lyttelton,  '*  which  I 
have  sent  to  Garrick,  who  will  answer  them  himself.  I  will  only  say 
about  them,  that  it  would  have  been  thought  unconscionable  in  Cicero,  if 
he  had  made  verses  as  well  as  Catullus  or  Horace.  It  is  usarpatioo  in 
you  to  go  ou^  of  your  province,  and  because  you  do  not  rule  the  state,  as- 
sume a  domipion  over  Mount  Parnassus/*  &c.  Garrick  writes  in  return, 
*'  Indeed,  my  Lord,  you  have  put  my  wits  to  a  severe  trial,  and  it  is  some 
small  compliment  to  them  that  my  vanity  has  not  overset  them.  The  only 
excuse  I  can  possibly  make  for  not  sooner  acknowledging  the  great 
honour  conferred  on  me  is,  that  I  did  not  find  my  mind  sufficiently  settled 
to  appear  before  your  Lordship,  though  I  am  thoroughly  bumbled  as  a 
poet,  and  not  a  little  as  an  actor,  more  enquiries  being  made  after  the 
verses  addressed  to  noe,  than  after  Lear  or  Macbeth/'  &c.  iv.  p.  196. 

The  subjoined  verses  are  addressed  by  Mr.  Pitt  to  Harriet,  wife  of 
Richard  Elliot,  Esq.  grandfather  to  the  present  Earl  of  St.  Germains.  Thb 
Lady  was  married  in  1 726,  and  had  three  children  at  the  age  of  nineteen. 
Mr.  Pitt  being  one  day  in  company  with  Mrs.  Elliot,  in  a  house  in  the 
country,  withdrew  from  the  conversation  to  an  adjoining  window,  and 
being  asked  by  her  what  he  was  doing,  replied — *'  Drawing  your  picture. 
Madam,*'  and  immediately  recited  these  verses : — 

'^  To  view  that  airy  mien,  that  lively  face. 
Where  youth  and  spirit  shine  with  every  grace, 
We  form  some  sportive  nymph  of  Phoebe's  train. 
Some  sprightly  virgin  of  the  sacred  plain. 
But,  lo  I  a  happy  progeny  proclaim 
Love's  golden  shafts,  and  Hymen's  genial  flame. 
So  the  gay  orange  in  some  sylvan  scene, 
Blooms  fair  and  smiles  with  never  fading  green, 
Her  flowery  head  with  vernal  beauty  crown'd. 
Speaks  tender  youth,  and  sheds  perfume  around, 
While  fruits  ambrosial  deck  the  lovely  tree, 
The  heavenly  pledge  of  blest  maturity. 
In  pleasing  contrast  with  surprise  we  sing 
The  fruits  of  autumn  and  the  bloom  of  spring.'* 


1810.] 


;>// 


THE  CHURCH  OF  HOO  ST.  WERBURGA,  KENT. 

(H'ith  a  View.) 


THE  Hundred  of  Hoo  is  a  small 
district  of  five  parishes,  lying  between 
the  rivers  Thames  and  Medway,  on 
the  opposite  bank  to  Brompton  and 
Gillinghara,  well-known  places  a  little 
l)eyond  Chatham.  The  extreme  por- 
tion of  the  same  tongue  of  land  con- 
sists of  salt  marshes,  known  as  the 
Isle  of  Grain,  or  Grean.  Hasted 
(who  wrote  about  sixty  years  ago) 
after  quoting  an  ancient  distich,  some- 
where preserved  by  Holinshed,  viz. 

He  that  rides  into  the  Hundred  of  Hon, 
Besides  pilferiug  seamen,  will  find    dirt 
enou  ; 

pronounces  the  same  to  be 

' '  A  very  true  saying  of  it  at  this  time. 
Formerly  it  used  to  be  noted  for  the 
wealth  of  the  yeomen  who  inhabited  it,  but 
there  are  now  few  but  bailiffs  and  lookers 
wlio  live  in  it ;  the  farmers  and  occupiers 
of  the  lands  dwelling  at  Rochester  and 
Stroud,  and  elsewhere.  Nor  is  there  a 
gentleman's  house,  or  a  clergyman  resid- 
ing in  it,  owing  to  the  depth  of  the  soil, 
the  dirtiness  of  the  roads,  and  the  un- 
wholesome air  from  the  neighbouring 
marshes.'* 

It  is  satisfactory  to  know  that  the 
improvements  of  the  last  half  century 
have  wrought  a  considerable  change 
in  this  miserable  picture.  At  present, 
not  only  are  the  roads  as  good  as  any 
in  England,  but  the  Hundred  contains 
wealthy  yeomen,  who  live  upon  the 
lands  they  cultivate.  There  are  also 
resident  clergymen,  and  several  re- 
spectable private  residences.  Still, 
there  arc  no  mansions  of  large  landed 
proprietors  ;  although  some  of  the  an- 
cient manor-houses  are  still  existing, 
(jccnpied  as  farm-houses. 

The  whole  Hundred  of  Hoo  was 
originally  one  manor,  and  it  is  sur- 
veyed as  such  in  Domesday  Book.  It 
seems  to  have  been  royal  demesne  in 
the  Saxon  times,  for  in  the  year  738 


Edbert  King  of  Kent  gave  to  the 
church  of  St.  Andrew  at  Rochester 
ten  plough-lands  in  Hou,  called 
Stoches  (which  gave  name  to  the  present 
parish  of  Sioke).  Shortly  before  the 
Conquest,  the  manor  of  Hou  be- 
longed to  Earl  Godwin  ;  it  was  given 
to  the  Conqueror's  half-brother  Odo 
Bishop  of  Baieux,  and  after  his  dis- 
grace it  appears  to  have  remained  in 
the  Crown,  until  granted,  in  exchange, 
to  the  family  of  Bardolph  in  the  reign 
of  Richard  the  First. 

It  is  supposed  that  the  first  church 
founded  in  the  manor  was  that 
of  St.  Werburga*,  the  present  struc- 
ture of  which  is  represented  in  oar 
Plate.  It  is  situated  at  the  southern 
side  of  the  district,  not  far  from 
the  Medway,  and  its  spire  is  a  con- 
spicuous object  from  Rochester  and 
Chatham,  as  well  as  a  useful  point  of 
sight  in  the  navigation  of  the  river. 

Hasted  (folio,  i.  568)  apparently  on 
the  authority  of  Sir  Edw.  Twysden'a 
MSS.  remarks,  that  "  there  are  two 
parishes  mentioned  in  the  Textus  Rof' 
fentu,  by  the  names  of  Ordnufre§ 
circt  de  Hou,  and  Deremannet  circe  de 
Hou,  which  certainly  mean  this  pa- 
rish {St.  Mary's)  and  that  of  Alkal- 
lowM  adjoining.  I  should  imagine  the 
former  was  the  name  belonging  to  this 
parish  of  St.  Mary." 

The  names  referred  to  will  be  found 
at  p.  230  of  Hearne's  edition  of  the 
Textus  RofTensis,  in  the  cap.  213, 
which  enumerates  the  number  of 
churches  in  the  diocese  of  Rochester, 
and  the  rents  paid  by  each  when  they 
received  the  holy  crisra  from  the 
mother  church  of  the  diocese.  The 
churches  all  paid  Qd,  and  the  chapelt 
6rf.     Thus— 

"  Sancta  Wereburh  de  Hou  ix  den. 
Derewoldes    treow   ix   den.      Ordmsret 


*  Tlie  dedication  of  this  church  being  unusual!  and  its  patroness  an  English  Saint* 
it  may  be  requisite  to  say  that  St.  Werburi(;a  was  the  daughter  of  Wulpbere  the  second 
Christian  Kint(  of  Mcrcia,  by  Ermenilda,  who  was  also  canonised,  daughter  of  Er« 
rombrrt  King  of  Kent ;  and  great-great-granddaughter  of  Ethelbert  the  first  Christiai 
King  of  Kent.  She  was  married  to  her  cousin  Ceolred,  son  of  Etbelred  King  of 
Mercia.  St.  Etheldreda  of  Ely  was  her  aunt ;  as  was  St.  Kenebm*ga.  Tbeshnne  of 
St.  Werburga  still  remains  in  Chester  cathedral,  surrounded  with  the  figures  of  these 
and  her  other  relations  ;  a  description  of  which  may  be  seen  in  Onnerod's  Cheshire, 
vol.  i.  p.  250. 

Gent.   Mao.  Vol.  XIII.  4  E 


578 


Church  of  Hoo  St.  Werburpa,  Kent. 


[Jane, 


circe  de  Hou  ix  den.    Dodes  circe  ix  den. 
Deremannes  circe  de  Hou  ix  den." 

Again,  among  the  cbapels — 

«'  Capella  de  Hou  vi  den." 

In  the  former  passage  we  find  men- 
tioned about  Hoo,  besides  Ordmser 
and  Dereman,  two  other  personages 
of  the  earliest  times  in  topographical 
history,  Derewold  and  Dode  or  Dodo. 
It  would  be  desirable  to  ascertain 
when  these  several  personages  flou- 
rished ;  but  what  church  was  desig- 
nated by  the  name  of  Derewoldes 
treow  seems  now  to  be  forgotten. 
Possibly  "  Dodes  circe"  is  a  name  de- 
rived from  Bishop  Odo  of  Baieuz,  the 
Conqueror's  half-brother,  who  was 
lord  of  the  manor  of  Hoo  at  the 
Domesday  survey ;  but  which  church 
is  intended  does  not  appear. 

There  seems,  however,  to  be  little 
or  no  difficulty  in  identifying  the 
founder  of  "Ordmaeres  circe"  with 
"  Ordmerus  nepos  Wolwardi,"  who 
gave  the  tithes  of  Rundale  and 
Twonge,  in  the  parish  of  Shome,  to 
the  church  of  Rochester;  he  was 
nephew  or  grandson  (nepos)  of  Wol- 
ward  surnamed  Henry,  who  had  pre- 
viously given  to  the  monastery  tithes 
in  the  parish  of  St.  Mary  in  Hoo: 

'*  —  item  decimas  in  parochia  sancte 
Marie  in  Hoo,  ex  done  Wolwardi  cogno- 
vine  Henrici ;  item  decimas  de  Rundale 
et  Twonge  in  parochia  de  Shorn,  ex  dono 
Ordraeri  nepotis  dicti  Wolwardi.*** 

A  connection  being  thus  traced  be- 
tween Ordmser,  who  is  elsewhere  ge- 
nerally called  Smaleman  of  Shorne,i* 
and  Henry  Wolward  of  Combe  in  the 
parish  of  St.  Mary,  Hoo,  It  may  cer- 
tainly be  fairly  presumed  that  "  Ord- 
mseres  circe"  was  that  of  St.  Mary. 

The  name  of  Henry  the  Wlfward 
carries  us  back  into  a  very  early  state 
of  things.  This  designation  did  not 
arise,  as  might  be  imagined,  from  its 
owner  being  a  diligent  warehouse- 
man, the  collector  or  keeper  of  the 
wool  of  the  district,  but  from  his  act- 
ing   in    the   more  arduous   office  of 

^    '  I  ■     I     —       — M     .1  II  ■         Wl^— ^^^M^— — M^H^^B    !■■■■  — ^M^^M^^^,^    ^^ 

*  Thorpe's  Registrum  Roffense,  p.  133. 

t  In  various  documents  (Reg.  Roff. 
pp.  47.  59,  87,  117,  52iJ,  5290  the 
tithes  of  Rundale  and  Twonge  are  stated 
to  have  been  the  gift  of  Smaleman  de 
Sbornes. 


guarding  the  country  from  itwivef .  In 
Uie  great  authority  for  matters  relat- 
ing to  the  church  of  Rochester,  the 
Textus  Roffensis,  his  name  appears 
under  the  form  of  the  Wlfward  of  Hoa, 
named  Henry.  When  his  hunting 
days  were  over,  he  became  a  monk  of 
the  monastery,  and  on  that  occasion 
gave  it  all  his  tithes  at  Cobham ;  and 
at  another  time  he  bestowed  on  the 
house  half  his  tithe  of  Hon,  which 
portion  was  subsequently  called,  from 
his  manor  in  Hoo,  the  Combe  portion, 
and  still  belongs  to  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  Rochester,  being  let  (by 
the  lessee)  in  1773  for  I3l.  per  ann. 
(Hasted,  i.  570.) 

**  Wlfuuardus  de  Hou,  cognomine  Hen- 
ricu8|  accepit  societatem  Monachonim 
ecclesise  Sancti  Andres,  pro  qua  dedit  eis 
totam  decimam  suam  de  Cobbieham.  Pos- 
tea  vere  alia  vice  decimam  suam  de  Hon 
dimidiam  concessit  eis,  et  terdam  partem 
suae  substantise  post  mortem  suam.  Qnod 
uxor  illins,  et  filius  suns  Rodbertus,  et 
fratres  sui,  Herewardus  videlicet  et  Si- 
wardus  et  Edwardus,  libentissime  conces- 
senmt."    (Textus  Roffensis,  cap.  105.) 

We  are  here  presented  with  the  names 
of  several  of  the  relations  of  Henry 
the  Wolf- ward ;  and  we  are  again  told 
of  Siward  of  Hou,  and  of  his  wife,  in 
another  place. 

"  Eilnothus  de  Hou  dedit  i««Hiinim 
valentem  xv«. 

**  Lienrnn  uxor  Si  ward!  de  Hon  dedit 
mariscum  valentem  zl#."  (Reg.  Roff. 
p.  116.) 

These  benefactions  are  stated  to  have 
been  made  "  after  the  Conqaest."  Be- 
sides the  Wolf-ward's  nepo»  Ord- 
mser,  we  also  hear  of  a  niece,  named 
Ordiva,  a  lady  who  always  faitbfiilly 
attended  all  the  rites  of  the  church  at 
Rochester,  with  the  whole  of  her 
family. 

"  Quedam  matrotoa  neptis  Wlnordi 
Henry,  nomine  Ordiva,  dedit  dedmaa 
de  quadam  terra  sua  in  Cobeham,  que 
vocatus  Bethenecurt.  Que  domina  com 
omni  familia  sua  solita  erat  venire  ad 
Rofam  percipere  omnes  rectitudines  tuas, 
ut  est  de  confessione  et  oonmumkmey  et 
ceteris.'*    (R^.  Roff.  p.  1S2.) 

The  "Bethenecurt"  here  mentioned 
should  evidently  be  read  Bechenecnrt, 
being  the  same  with  Beechingcoart  (of 
Beechencourt)  mentioned  by  Hasted 
under  the  parish  of  Shome.  (i.  613.) 
We  are  told  of  yet  ano^r  ffwmbw 


1840.] 


Church  of  Hoo  Si.  fVerburga,  Kent. 


of  tbe  same  pious  family,  by  the  name 
of  Henry  of  Taange,  who  confirmed 
the  gift  of  the  tithes  of  Taange»  or 
Thong,  in  Shorne,  made  by  his  grand- 
father Smalman  or  Ordmser.* 

So  much  for  the  church  and  family 
of  Ordmaer.  The  name  of  Dereman 
we  find  owned  by  Walter  Dereman 
who,  by  a  charter  without  date,  gave 
to  the  church  of  Rochester  two  acres 
of  marsh,  lying  between  his  marsh  of 
Delce  (which  is  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Margaret's  Rochester),  and  the  marsh 
formerly  belonging  to  the  monks. 
(Reg.  Roff.  p.  536.) 

On  the  whole,  it  would  appear  that 
those  churches  of  Ordmser  and  Dere- 
man were  founded  during  the  first  half- 
century  after  the  Conquest.  The  ear- 
liest date  connected  with  the  persons 
mentioned,  that  can  be  gathered  from 
the  confirmatory  charters,  is  from  a 
confirmationf  of  Henry  Wlfward's  gift 
of  the  Combe  portion  of  tithes  in  Hoo, 
granted  by  Bishop  Gundulph  in  the 
year  1091.  We  have  thus  ascertained 
a  very  early  date  for  the  church, 
or  chapel,  of  St.  Mary  in  Hoo; 
and,  whatever  that  date  may  be, 
we  know  a  still  earlier  must  be  as- 
signed to  that  of  St.  Werburga.  In 
a  charter  of  Laurence  bishop  of  Ro- 
chester dated  in  1274,  the  chapeU  of 
Halstow  and  Hoo  St.  Mary  are 
stated  to  have  been  tributary  to  their 
mother  church  of  St.  Werburga,  from 
beyond  memory — 

<*  Capellas  de  Halgestowe  et  sanctse 
Mariee  de  Hoo  nostrs  dice,  a  tempore 
cujus  non  exstat  memoria,  pensionarias 
fuisse  ecclesise  sanctse  Werburgse  de  Hoo, 
scil.  nostrse  dice,  tanquam  suae  matrici 
ecclesise,  capella  viz.  de  Halgestowe  in 
duabus  marcis,  et  capella  sanctse  Marisein 
dimid.  marc." 

which  payments  the  bishop  then  con- 
firmed 4 

About  twenty- one  years  before,  the 


same  bishop    had  appn 
church  of  St.  Werburga, — w  wj 
chapel  of  Allhallows  was  unit 
more  closely  than  the  two  chap 
noticed ;  for  master  William  de  j 
feld,  the  last  Rector  of  Hoo,  ha^ 
sessed  ''  ecclesitoi  sancte  Werl 
Hoo    cum    capella    Omnium 
torum,*' — to  the  prior  and  conv 
Rochester,  on  the  plea  of  incr 
their  means    of  hospitality  in 
almonry.§     This   appropriation 
confirmed  by   a  bull  of  Pope  j 
ander.li 

At  the  taxation  made  in  the  pro 
of  Canterbury  by  the  bishops  of . 
coin  and    Winchester,ir    (com 
known  as  Pope  Nicholas's  taxa 
the  church  of  Saint  Werburga  1 
rated  at  20/.  and  that  of  All  Hall< 
at  6/.  13#.   4rf. ;   the  vicar  of  tl 
united  parishes  received  the  same 
at  which  the  latter  was  valued, 
whole  20Z.  going  to  the  priory.    jx% 
the  same  time  the  other  churches  in 
the  hundred  were  thus  rated.  £  9.  (f. 
Ecclesia  de  Stoke  8    0    0 

Vicarius  ejusdem  4  13    6 

Eccl'ia  B'e  Marie  in  Hoo      10    0    0 
Kccl'ia  de  Hilgestowe  13    6    8 

In  the  year  1337  bishop  Hamo  de 
Hethe  accorded  new  ordinations  of 
both  the  vicarages  of  St.  Werburga 
and  All  Hallows.  At  St.  Werburga's 
the  rectory  manse  with  its  lands  and 
the  glebe  meadow  of  the  church,  and 
all  tithes  of  corn  as  well  from  lands 
dug  by  the  foot  (ierrispedefosais,  from 
which  we  may  infer  some  spade  hus- 
bandry was  then  in  practice,)  as  from 
those  cultivated  by  the  plough,  were 
to  remain  to  the  religious  of  the 
priory  of  Rochester;  and  they  were 
to  bear  the  burthen  of  repairing  the 
chancels  and  rectory  houses,  and  of 
furnishing  a  lamp  in  the  church  accord- 
ing to  ancient  custom**,  and  also  of 
furnishing  books,  vestments,  and  other 


»  Hasted,  i.  512,  quotmg  Selden's  Tythes,  p.  317.  t    Reg.  Roff.  p.  87. 

t  Reg.  Roff.  p.  403.  The  document  is  printed  again  under  Hoo,  p.  422,  where  the 
last  word  should  be  quarto  not  quinto,  for  Bishop  Lawrence  de  St.  Msurtin  died  before 
the  termination  of  the  twenty '/our/A  year  of  his  episcopate. 

§  Ibid.  p.  421.  II  Printed  ibid.  p.  422.  f  Ibid.  p.  108. 

**  By  a  charter  without  date,  Robert  Bardolph,  who  was  Lord  of  the  manor  of  Hoo, 
had  given  to  the  church  of  St.  Werburga  all  his  land  called  Elwruetche,  adjoining  his 
field  called  liese,  and  half  an  acre  of  land  lying  between  Wylehfeld  (i.e.  probably,  the 


580 


Church  of  Uoo  St.  Werburga,  Kent. 


[Jane. 


ornaments  not  belonging  to  the  due  of 
the  parishioners,  except  only  surplices, 
rochets,  albs,  and  other  linen  habits 
and  ornaments  (which  it  is  after- 
wards stated  were  the  part  of  the 
yicar) ;  and  were  besides  to  give  the 
vicar,  from  the  rectory  granges,  when 
they  sowed  wheat  one  quarter  thereof, 
when  palm  barley  one  quarter  thereof, 
and  when  peas  two  bushels  thereof, 
for  porridge,  and  also  a  cart-load 
of  straw  for  his  bed  ;*  all  to  be  carried 
and  delivered  at  his  house.  The  Vicar 
was  to  enjoy,  for  his  portion,  the 
vicarage  manse,  with  its  adjoining 
garden  and  yard,  and  all  tithes  of 
rushes,  hay,  lambs,  wool,  calves, 
cheese  and  milkmeats,  pigs,  geese,  flax, 
hemp,  mills,  dovecotes,  falling  wood, 
eggs,  fruit,  bees,  curtilages,  rabbits, 
fisheries,  gardens,  pannage,  herbage, 
fowlings,  businesses,  and  all  per- 
sonal tithes  whatsoever,  and  offerings 
at  funerals  (mortuaries)  in  the  parishes 
of  the  churches  of  St.  Mary  and  Hal- 
ghestoo,  and  other  parishes  of  the 
churches  in  Hoo,  which,  from  old  cus- 
tom, were  bound  to  bring  their  dead 
for  interment  to  the  churchyard  of  St. 
Werburga,  {quorum  corpora  ex  antiqua 
consuetudine  in  ciineterio  dicte  ecclesie 
tancte  Werhurge  ieneantur  et  debeant 
tepelirt)  and  all  other  offerings  what- 
soever. The  Vicar  was  to  bear  the 
charge  of  procurations  to  the  Arch- 
deacon  of  Rochester ;  and  was  to  pro- 
vide the  linen  surplices,  &c.  and  the 
repair  of  his  house  and  of  the  books, 
vestments,  &c.  before  mentioned  as 
provided  by  the  religious ;  also  to  pro- 
vide bread  and  wine  for  the  sacrament 
of  the  altar,  processional  tapers,  and 
other  lights  of  the  ministers  of  the 
church,  and  other  necessaries  for  di- 
vine worship  not  due  from  the  pa- 
rishioners. At  the  time  of  this  ordi- 
nation Sir  John  Reginald,  of  Chatham, 
was  the  vicar.f 


On  the  rating  of  the  Valor  Eccleai- 
asticus  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  the 
farm  of  the  rectory  of  Hoo,  parcel  of 
the  property  of  the  Priory  of  Roches* 
ter,  together  with  the  glebe  lands  and 
fixed  rents  there,  was  returned  at 
17/.  16». ;  and  the  value  of  the  Tica- 
rage,  of  which  Thomas  Shawe  was 
incumbent,  was  18/.  I3t.  6d.l  a  pro* 
portion  much  more  favourable  than 
ordinary  to  the  "working"  clergy- 
man. The  monastery  of  Boxley  had 
a  valuable  manor  in  Hoo,  which,  with 
its  appurtenances  in  the  marshes,  was 
worth  the  yearly  sum  of  23/.  3«.§ ;  and 
other  ecclesiastical  foundations,  as 
Dartford  priory,  and  the  College  of 
Cobham,  possessed  property  within 
the  hundred. 

In  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne  the 
clear  yearly  value  of  this  vicarage 
was  46/.  3s,  and  it  was  consequently 
discharged  from  the  payment  of  tenths. 
The  net  income  returned  in  1831  was 
395/.  The  present  incumbent  is  the 
Rev.  Daniel  Francis  Warner,  B.D.  of 
Magdalen  hall,  Oxford,  Head  Master  of 
the  King's  School,  Rochester,  who  was 
presented  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter, 
and  instituted  on  the  6th  Jan.  1836.   . 

The  present  Church  of  St.  Werburga 
of  Hoo  is  a  very  spacious  structure, 
consisting  of  a  nave,  north  and  south 
ailes  (both  of  ample  dimensions),  a 
chancel,  a  tower  and  spire  at  the  west 
end,  and  porches  both  on  the  nortli 
and  south,  the  latter  being  now  con* 
verted  into  a  vestry. 

The  external  length  of  the  nave  is 
about  seventy  feet,  and  that  of  the 
chancel  about  thirty-seven  feet ;  the 
width  of  the  former  about  sixty-eight 
and  a  half  feet,  and  that  of  the  latter 
about  twenty-six  feet.  The  height  of 
the  tower  is  55  feet ;  that  of  the  spire 
(which  is  covered  with  shingles,)  60 
feet,  and  from  its  point  to  the  summit 
of  the  ball  is  7  feet  more,  making  a 


willow -field)  and  the  land  of  Hugh  son  of  Eawhel — for  his  soul,  and  the  soul  of  Hugh 
his  brother,  his  ancestors  and  successors,  to  find  a  lamp  to  bom  every  night  before  toe 
altar  of  St.  Werburga,  where  the  body  of  Christ  was  placed.     Registr.  Roff.  p.  435. 

*  *'  Pro  lectistemio/'  which  Hasted  has  translated  **  for  litter  for  his  cows,*'  but 
it  was  the  litter  for  the  parson*8  own  couch. 

t  See  the  original  ordination  in  Registnun  Roffense,  p.  424,  and  in  pi.  433  the  ordi- 
nation of  the  church  of  All  Hallows.  The  former  is  improperly  headed  *'  QrdiDslio 
Secunda,''  for  it  is  prior  in  order  of  date  (though  in  the  same  year)  as  well  u  import- 
ance. 

t  Valor  Ecclesiasti.  102,  lOD.  (  Ibid.  79. 


1 840.] 


Church  of  Hoo  St.  Werburga,  Kent. 


total  of  122  feet  from  the  ground.  The 
spire  of  Hoo  has  been  fired  by  light- 
ning, some  say  three  times,  but  cer- 
tainly twice  ;  that  is,  on  the  2nd  Aug. 
1822,  and  again  on  the  5th  June 
1837.  A  great  crack  down  the  tower 
is  a  memorial  of  the  former  catastro- 
phe. On  the  last  occasion  the  fire 
was  extinguished  after  it  had  destroyed 
some  yards  of  the  upper  part  of  the 
spire.  There  is  now  a  lightning  con- 
ductor, which  is  carried  down  the  west 
front  of  the  tower. 

The  style  of  the  building  is  uniform 
throughout,  and  of  the  Decorated  pe- 
riod, with  the  exception  of  the  chancel, 
which  is  somewhat  later,  and  must  be 
classed  as  Perpendicular.  It  appears 
from  arches  now  filled  up  at  the  ex- 
tremities of  both  the  ailes,  that  they 
each  originally  extended  further  to- 
wards the  east. 

The  tower  contains  a  very  musical 
peal  of  six  bells,  cast  in  1825,  1641, 
1662,  1738,  1781,  and  1558  j  this  last 
has  round  it  the  legend  "By  me 
Gyles  Reve*  Bell  founder."  There  is  a 
rose,  surmounted  by  a  crown  on  it, 
together  with  a  griffin  or  lion. 

The  tower  is  parallel  with  the  walls 
of  the  ailes,  excepting  a  staircase  turret 
at  its  north-west  angle,  the  form  of 
which  is  octangular.  Its  parapet  is 
embattled,  as  is  that  of  the  tower. 
At  the  eastern  angle  of  the  north  aile 
is  another  small  staircase  turret,  which 
is  now  blocked  up.  The  church  is 
now  entered  by  the  north  porch,  which 
is  wide,  and  has  a  small  unglazed 
window  on  each  side  the  door.  Its 
parapet  is  embattled,  but  it  is  the  only 
portion  of  the  north  side  of  the  church 
which  remains  so  ornamented  ;  on  the 
south  side  the  embattled  parapet  re- 
mains perfect. 

The  windows  of  the  church  are  all 
of  the  original  architecture  of  the 
building,  and  their  mullions  exhibit 
various  elegant  designs  of  Decorated 
tracery  ;  they  also  contain  considerable 
remains  of  the  stained  glass,  with 
which  all  of  them  were  filled.  The  re- 
maining portions  consist  *  chiefly  of 
architectural  canopies,  pinnacles,  &c. 
and  there  are  several  heads,  both  male 
and  female ;  but  no  entire  subject 
remains,  except  in  the  great  east  win- 
dow, in  the  upper  lights  of  which  may 


be  recognised  the  figures    of  CI 
crowning  the  Church,  ^and  also 
shield  of  arms,  Barry  argent  and  az 
In  the  south  aile  is  again  the  same  c 
and  in  the  windows  of  the  north . 
are  these : — 

1.  Or,  three  hands  erect  azure,  ] 
of  a  label  with  a  black-letter  leg 
below,  ..  ..ecmpe. 

2.  Vaire  (apparently). 

In  the  east  window  of  that  aile, 

1.  Barry  argent  and  azure. 

2.  Argent,  three    bars  azure,  ea 
charged  with  two  fleurs  de  lis  or.       * : 

3.  Barry  argent  and  azure,  a  ben^ 
or  (or  of  the  first) . ' 

It  is  also  evident  that  the  whole  of 
the  interior  of  the  building  was  painted 
in  fresco.  The  nave  is  on  each  sid6 
divided  from  the  ailes  by  three  corre-, 
spondent  pointed  arches,  rising  froni 
circular  columns,  which  /have  pluia 
moulded  capitals.  The  clerestory  win- 
dows above  them  are  large  and  bold, 
and  throw  a  fine  flood  of  light  into 
the  interior  of  the  edifice :  they  are 
square-headed.  The  arched  beams 
supporting  the  roof  of  the  nave  rise 
from  timber  pilasters  ornamented  with 
grotesque  heads,  to  some  of  which 
are  added  plain  shields.  On  a  square 
painted  tablet  in  the  gallery  is  this 
record : — "This  Church  was  Ceiled  in 
the  year  of  our  Lord  1786.  John 
Waine  &  Thomas  Day,  Church- 
wardens." 

The  font  is  a  plain  octangular  basin, 
resting  on  a  base  of  the  same  form. 

In  the  chancel,  south  of  the  altar, 
are  three  sedilia,  each  having  a  uni- 
form canopy  of  cinquefoil  tracery,  and 
they  are  divided  by  two  light  columns 
of  Purbeck  (or  Bethersden)  marble ; 
eastward  of  them  is  a  small  niche  or 
closet,  with  a  correspondent  head. 
Against  the  screen,  within  the  chan- 
cel, have  been  six  wooden  stalls,  of 
which  the  three  on  the  north  side  have 
given  way  to  a  pew ;  but  those  on  the 
south  remain.  At  their  backs  are 
holes  perforated  to  the  nave. 

Fixed  on  the  west  wall,  above  the 
singing  gallery,  are  the  royal  arms, 
somewhat  singularly  displayed  in  two 
distinct  correspondent  paintings,  on 
panel,  alike  dated 


1  6 


J    R        0  7 


At  the  neighbouring  church  of  Cuiton  is  a  bell  by  the  same  founder  or  his  son. 


582 


Church  of  Hoa  St.  fVerburga,  Kent. 


[Jane, 


One  of  them  contains  the  quarter- 
ings  of  France  and  England  only,  with 
the  old  sapporters  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
the  lion  and  dragon;  the  other  has 
France  and  England  quarterly  in  the 
first  and  fourth  quarters,  quartering 
Scotland  and  Ireland,  and  for  sup- 
porters the  lion  and  unicorn.  Each  is 
without  crest,  but  surmounted  by  a 
crown,  and  surrounded  with  the  Gar- 
ter;  and  the  motto  below,  Dieu  bt  mon 
Droit. 

On  the  same  wall  is  affixed  a  board 
recording  several  Benefactors,  as  fol- 
lows : — 

"  A  Table  of  Benefactions  to  the  Pa- 
rish of  St.  Werburgh,  otherwise  Hoo,  in 
Kent.  Erected  anno  1781. 
"Thos.  Walker  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Wer- 
burgh, Hundred  of  Hoc  in  Kent,  Yeo- 
man, by  his  will  dated  21  August  1639, 
and  proved  at  Rochester,  24  April  1640, 
gave  to  Tbos.  Fearness  and  to  his  heirs 
for  ever,  the  house  that  he  then  dwelt  in, 
with  two  parcels  of  land  thereunto  be- 
longing, eight  acres  more  or  less,  always 
provided  that  the  said  Thos.  Fearness,  his 
heirs,  executors  and  assigns,  should  pay 
yearly  out  of  the  said  house  and  land, 
fifty  shillings  by  the  year  for  ever  at  the 
feast  days  of  the  birth  of  our  Lord  God, 
and  the  first  day  of  Whitsuntide  in  the  af- 
ternoon, at  the  Church  porch  of  St.  Wer- 
burgh, to  the  Churchwardens  and  Over- 
seers for  the  poor  of  the  Parish  of  St.  Wer- 
burgh aforesaid,  to  be  distributed  to  the 
poor  of  the  said  Parish  according  to  the 
discretion  of  the  said  Churchwardens  and 
Overseers  for  the  time  being,  five  and 
twenty  shillings  on  each  day. 

**  The  said  Testator  also  gave  to  John 
Fearness  a  parcel  of  land  called  Puckles, 
which  his  father  purchased  of  Mr.  Dam- 
port,  containing  24  acres  more  or  less, 
provided  that  the  said  John  Fearness,  his 
heirs  or  assigns,  should  pay  yearly  for  ever 
the  sum  of  fifty  shillings  at  the  feast  days 
aforesaid,  to  the  said  Churchwardens  and 
Overseers  immediately  after  evening 
prayer,  in  the  Chiurch  porch  aforesaid,  to 
be  distributed  to  the  poor  of  the  said 
Parish  at  the  discretion  of  the  said 
Churchwardens  and  Overseers  for  the 
time  being,  five  and  twenty  shillings  on 
each  day.  And  in  default  of  payment  of 
the  annuities,  the  Churchwardens  and 
Overseers  have  power  to  enter  upon  the 
premises  and  hold  the  same  until  the 
arrears  thereof  shall  be  paid. 

**  Note.  The  house  in  which  the  Testa- 
tor dwelt,  and  the  two  parcels  of  land 
thereto  belonging,  are  situate  upon  the 


hill,  near  the  windmill  in  Hoc,  and  tlie 
same  are  now  the  property  and  in  the  oc- 
cupation of  Wm.  Gilbert. 

**  The  parcel  of  land  called  PncUM  liei 
near  Dean  Gate  in  Hoo,  was  late  the  es- 
tate of  Robert  Carl,  deceased,  and  now 
belongs  to  his  children,  and  with  other 
lands  in  the  occupation  of  James  PeUiam, 
as  under  tenant  to  Tobias  Hammond." 

There  remain  in  this  Charch  seTe* 
ral  ancient  sepulchral  memorials^  par- 
ticularly brasses,  of  which  a  coociae 
account  will  here  be  sufficient,  as  the 
inscriptions  of  most  of  them  will  be 
found  in  the  series  of  Church  notes 
appended  to  Thorpe's  Custumale  Rof- 
fense,  p.  4/1. 

In  the  nave  is  a  brass  slip  to  the 
memory  of  John  Beddyll,  who  died  T 
June  1500. 

Also  two  small  figures  of  men  in 
gowns,  with  hanging  sleeves  and 
pointed  shoes,  their  hands  in  prayer, 
to  the  memory  of  Stephen  Charlis  and 
Richard  Charlis,  the  latter  of  whom 
died  28  June,  1446. 

At  the  entrance  of  the  chancel  a 
similar  small  figure,  standing  on  a 
dog,  the  inscription  now  gone. 

In  a  row  before  the  altar  rails  these 
five  stones : — 

1.  A  man  between  two  wives,  the 
plates  removed. 

2.  A  half-length  priest,  to  John 
Broun,  vicar;  but  probably  about 
1450,  as  it  closely  resembles  that  of 
William  Gysborne,  Vicar  of  Faming- 
ham  (no  date). 

3.  Figures  of  Mr.  James  Plamley, 
"  who  lived  in  the  parsnig  of  thb  pa- 
rish," and  died  Aug.  26,  1646,  and 
Ann  his  wife.  They  are  represented 
standing  with  their  hands  joined  in 
prayer;  he  bareheaded,  in  a  cloak, 
doublet,  and  shoes ;  his  wife  in  a  hat 
and  raff.  Below  are  groups  of  three 
sons  and  four  daughters,  dressed  like 
their  parents. 

4.  A  fine  figure  of  a  priest,  his  head 
now  gone ;  to  the  memory  of  Richmrd 
Bayly,  vicar,  1412. 

5.  A  single  slip  of  brass,  and  now 
gone. 

Within  the  altar  rails  is  a  brass 
plate  of  a  whole-length  figure,  turning 
to  the  right,  with  hands  in  prayer,  to 
the  memory  of  Dorothye,  wife  of  John 
Plumley,  who  died  in  1615.  «'  Dona 
by  James  Plumley  ber  soq/' 


1840.] 


t^hurck  o/Hoo  Si.  Werburga,  Kent. 


&83 


In  the  south  aile  are  the  figures  in 
hrass  of  Thomas  Cobham  esquire*  who 
died  on  the  8th  June,  1465,  and  Ma- 
tilda his  wife.  He  is  represented  in 
armour,  with  a  sword  suspended  from 
a  belt  in  front.  The  Isdy  is  in  a  wim- 
ple, long  mantle  and  cordon,  and  a 
little  dog  at  her  feet.  Their  hands  are 
raised  in  prayer.  Four  small  shields 
have  been  removed  from  the  corners 
of  the  stone.*  This  member  of  the  dis- 
tinguished house  of  Cobham,  probably 
resided  at  the  manor-house  of  Bell- 
uncle,  in  the  parish  of  Hoo. 

Near  this  is  the  most  ancient  me- 
morial in  the  Church,  a  stone  carved 
with  a  cross  flory,  five  feet  in  length, 
of  which  a  representation  is  here 
given. 


One  other  sepulchral  stone  is  re- 
corded by  Thorpe,  as  existing  in  tht 
north  aile,  but  it  is  either  now  rt- 
moved,  or  concealed  by  pews.  lit 
inscription  was 

"  Of  yo'  charitie  pray  for  the  ioule 
of  W*in  Alton  and  Gelyane  bis  wifo,  and 
all  his  wifet  ioiilet,  his  childrens  souks 
and  ail  chrystya  scull.  Jh'u  have  m  *cL*' 

"All  the  wives"  of  this  person 
were /our  in  number,  but  their  figurek 
and  that  of  himself  were  gone,  but 
those  of  his  fifteen  children  remained. 


Near  the  Cobham  monoment  is  a 
stone  with  these  quaint  verses,  whkh 
Thorpe  has  not  printed. 

"  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  Joseph  Mffler 

now  at  rest. 
Whose  soul  with  Crist  wee  hope  is  Uest, 
Long  sfter  him  wee  shall  not  stay. 
Let  us  prepare  against  that  day. 
He  lieth  here  under  this  heap  of  dust, 
Waiting  the  resurrection  of  tiie  just. 

He  was  the  sonn  of  Joseph  &  Hamiali 
Miller,  who  departed  this  lilb  the  10  of 
January  1678,  aged  7  years.** 

This  inscription  is  engraved  on  a 
solid  stone  in  capitals;  and  there  is 
only  one  other  of  that  period,  to  Tha- 
mar,  wife  of  Edw.  Holmwood,  G«it. 
and  daughter  of  Edward  Blagrave, 
Gent,  who  died  6th  Sept.  1677,  aged 
37  years. 

llie  remainder  are  comparativeljr 
modern.  There  is  a  tablet  in  the  south 
aile  to  the  memorv  of  the  Rev.  Tbo« 
MAS  Thompsoic ,  B.D.  Rector  of  8ta- 
plehurst  and  Vicar  of  this  parish,  who 
died  the  38th  March  1786,  aged  74  s 
and  two  others  thus  inscribed, 

''Sacred  to  the  memory  of  Lieut* 
Cbaelxs  JoanAN,R.N.  who,  after  hav* 
ing  si|nalised  himself  by  his  gaUaat  eon- 
duct  m  the  West  Indies,  was  unhappflj 
shipwrecked  in  the  North  Seas  in  tba 
month  of  Dec.  1779,  aged  39.  This  tab- 
let  is  erected  to  his  memory  by  his  asoit 
aisctionate  brother,  Ridiaro  Jofdn» 
A.M.  l^car  of  this  parish." 

'*  To  the  memoryof  the  Rev.  RiOKaa* 
JoauAN,  A.M.  Viear  of  MouuHUy, 
in  the  eouaty  of  Susmbk^  Chspiata  to 
the  Most  NoUe  the  Marquess  Caadao, 
Senior  Mhior  CoMu  of  the  CaOednl 
Church  of  Rochester,  and  84  years  Yiear 
of  this  parish.  He  died  at  RodMster  91 
Aaa.  1835,  and  was  buried  in  tb^  vanlt 
of  his  Htfher  in  the  parish  ehurdi  of 
Bfaidstone,  in  the  77th  year  of  his  sge." 

Of  all  the  ancient  popnlatton  wte 
once  pursued  their  dailv  toil  in  tlia 
peninsula  of  Hoo,  and  who  as  we  art 
told  were  accustomed  to  bring  all  thair 
dead  for  interment  in  thb  dmrdu 
yard,  almost  the  only  remaining  mo« 


«.-  engranng  of  tnese  orssses  is  incimiea  in  wo  marmm  v.  «r^-rr''*^T!^TT^ 
the  famUy  of  CoSiam,  (chiefly  ffom  the  Collegiate  Church  of  Cobhass,)  wUeh  I  am 
oow  preparing  for  pabUeation.^^.  G«  N. 


5S4 


The  Arrangements  of  the  State  Paper  Office. 


[Jnne, 


numents  are  the  spacious  church  in 
which  they  once  worshipped,  and  a 
large  and  very  picturesque  yew-tree, 
the  girth  of  which  is  full  twenty  feet. 

On  an  old  upright  stone  on  the  out- 
side of  the  south-east  corner  of  the 
south  aile  this  epitaph  is  in  good  pre- 
servation : 

"  Here  lyelih  the  body  of  Robt.  Scott, 
of  y*  parish,  yeoman,  and  Mary  his  wife, 
and  6  children.  He  departed  this  life  the 
24th  Dec.  1677,  aged  70  years;  and  she 
departed  this  life  the  24th  Dec.  1681, 
aged  47  years." 

Near  the  north-east  corner  of  the 
chancel  is  an  upright  stone 

"  In  memory  of  William  White,  of 
this  Parish,  Yeoman,  who  was  on  Sunday 
evening,  the  11  Dec'.  1808,  most  barba- 
rously murdered  in  the  bosom  of  his  af- 
flicted family,  by  a  gun  discharged  at  him 
thro*  a  window,  whilst  sitting  by  his  fire- 
side. The  perpetrator  of  this  horrid  deed 
is  not  yet  discovered,  but  there  is  one 
'*  Who  is  about  our  path  and  about  our 
bed,  and  who  spieth  out  all  our  ways," 
who  will  sometime  bring  it  to  light.  He 
lived  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him,  and 
his  sad  end  is  universally  regretted.  He 
left  issue  6  sons  and  5  daughters  to  be- 
wail his  loss,  and  died  at  the  age  of  58 
years.  This  stone  was  erected  June  the 
24»'',  1809. 

By  whose  assassinating  hand  I  fell, 
Rests  yet  conceal*  d,  and  none  but  God 
can  tell ; 


Drop,  Reader,  o*er  my  grave,  one  nlent 

tear, 
(And  9iUl  remimb^ring  thai  pour  Ood  ii 

nearj) 
If  Rich  or  Poor,  or  Relative  yofu  be. 
Strike  your  own  breast,  and  say.  It  waf 

not  me." 

The  victim  of  this  village  tragedy 
is  generally  supposed  to  have  been  kill- 
ed by  his  own  son  ;  but  nothing  was 
ever  proved  against  the  young  man, 
who  afterwards  died  in  New  Soath 
Wales,  to  which  settlement  he  had 
been  transported. 

There  is  a  very  handsome  modem 
tomb,  surmounted  by  an  urn,  and 
presenting  slabs  inscribed  as  follows : 

**  The  Family  Vault 
OP  Mr.  RicHABn  £vbri8T,  1830. 

*<Mr.  Richard  Everist  died  37  Jan. 
1831,  aged  74  years,  leaving  a  widow,  six 
sons  and  eight  daughters,  to  lament  the 
loss  of  a  kind  husband  and  indolgent  fa- 
ther. He  Uved  and  died  a  pattern  to  all 
men. 

"  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Everist  his  wife,  died 
9  Nov.  1837,  aged  65. 

**  A  loving  mother  and  a  virtaons  wife, 
Faithful  and  just  in  every  part  of  life. 

**  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  Mr.  Henry  Everist, 
of  this  parish,  died  4  May  1836,' aged  45. 
"  Mr.  PhiUp  TomUn,  of  this  parish, 
died  29  Sept.  1834,  aged  54." 

J.  G.  N. 


Mr.  Urban, 

YOUR  correspondent  Chartula- 
Rius,  io  his  first  letter,  ((rent.  Mag. 
for  March,  p.  245)  complained  of  a 
grievance,  and  proposed  a  remedy. 
The  grievance  stated  was,  that  a  gentle- 
roan  who  has  had  access  to  the  docu- 
ments in  the  State  Paper  Office,  and 
has  published  some  of  them,  has  done 
so  inaccurately.  in  verification  of 
that  assertion  your  correspondent  gave 
us  no  evidence  of  his  own,  but  bor- 
rowed, from  a  review,  a  statement  of 
certain  alleged  errors  in  documents 
published  by  the  same  gentleman  from 
the  British  Museum.  We  are  now 
told  that  the  proof  might  have  been 
carried  further,  and  that  instancesof  in- 
accuracy in  transcribing  from  the  State 
Paper  Office  mi^ht  have  been  super- 
added. If  so,  they  ought  to  have  been 
produced.  It  is  scarcely  just  to  ask 
the  public  to  give  credence  to  charges 
3 


of  inaccuracy  of  a  specific  kind  simply 
upon  the  assertion  of  an  anonymous 
correspondent,  of  the  competency  of 
whose  judgment,  and  whose  meant  of 
information  we  are  totally  ignorant. 
But  let  that  pass.     Few  collections  of 
ancient  documents — those  who  know 
the  difficulties  of  the  subject  would, 
perhaps,  agree  with  me  were  I  to  say 
that  no  collection  of  ancient  documents 
can  be  believed  to  be  faultless,  and  we 
may  therefore  agree  that  some  imper- 
fections may  be  found  in  the  book  io 
question  ;  but — the  remedy  ? 

Chartularius  proposed  the  pub- 
lication of  catalogues  of  the  contents 
of  the  State  Pa})er  Office,  and  "  when 
documents  are  desired  at  length,  occett 
to  them  might  be  granted  with  oh^  dme 
restrictions,  or  office  copies  furnished 
to  applicants  under  certain  reguUl- 
tions." 

Chartularius  now  8a3r8   that  by 


1840.]  The  Arrangements  of  the  Stale  Paper  Office. 


585 


acce98  with  any  due  restrictions,  he  meant 
that,  "  as  far  as  the  nature  of  the  es- 
tablishment might  admit,  the  same  fa- 
cility of  admission  should  be  allowed 
to  the  MSS.  in  the  State  Paper  Office 
as  may  be  had  to  those  in  the  British 
Museum/'  and  that  "  in  the  mention 
of  due  restrictions  he  had  in  view  that 
very  proper  regulation  by  the  trustees 
of  the  Museum,  that  no  entire  tran- 
script of  a  MS.  should  be  made  with- 
out special  permission  granted  to  the 
reader." 

If  that  was  his  meaning,  nothing 
could  be  more  unfortunate  than  his 
mode  of  expressing  it.  The  regulation 
of  the  trustees  referred  to  does  not 
apply  to  any  documents  of  the  kind 
published  in  the  book  out  of  which 
this  discussion  arose,  and,  therefore, 
has  really  nothing  to  do  with  it ;  and, 
moreover,  it  is  not  a  restriction  upon 
access  but  upon  transcribing.  The 
whole  passage  is  obviously  non-de- 
scriptive of  the  practice  of  the  British 
Museum,  where  there  is  really  no  re- 
striction upon  access,  and  office-copies 
are  unknown  ;  but  it  is  strikingly  appli- 
cable to  the  practice  of  another  de- 
pository, which  it  instantly  called  to 
my  mind — the  Prerogative  Office  in 
Doctors'  Conmions.  There,  access  to 
the  wills  is  granted  "  with  due  re- 
strictions," and  officv  copifs  are  fur- 
nished to  applicants,  and  if  that  office, 
and  not  the  British  Museum,  did  not 
sit  for  your  correspondent's  picture,  I 
cannot  congratulate  him  upon  his  skill 
in  portrait-painting. 

Aiiain.  if  your  correspondent  meant, 
and  desired,  that  the  practice  of  the 
State  i*aper  Office  should  be  assimi- 
lated to  that  of  the  British  Museum, 
what  becomes  of  his  suggested  remedy  ? 
The  proof  of  his  complaint  was  de- 
duced from  inaccuracy  in  publication 
from  the  British  Museum.  He  now 
tells  us  that  hit  proposed  remedy  for 
this  serious  eril,  as  he  de<^ignated  it, 
WAS,  that  gentlemen  should  have  equal 
facilitii's  for  inaccurate  publication  from 
the  Stat«'  I*aper  Office.  He  munt  ex- 
cute  me  for  having  t^iven  him  credit  for 
designing  something  more  consonant 
to  the  ordinary  character  of  a  remedial 
measure.  It  seems  I  mistook  him. 
He  designed  to  put  a  stop  to  inaccu- 
racy by  enlarging  the  opportunities  for 
falling  into  blunders.  Gentlemen  who 
argue  in  such  a  manner  ought  not  to 

Gem.  Maq.  Vol.  XHI. 


be  surprised  if  common  people  occa- 
sionally misunderstand  them. 

Your  correspondent  comments  upon 
the  title  by  which  I  have  designated 
myself;  but  what  am  I  to  say  to  his, 
CiiAaTULARivB — A  Record  Kbbpbk  ? 
The  recommendation  of  office  copiee 
gives  it  a  verisimilitude,  and  the  con- 
fident assertion  of  inaccuracies  in  the 
printing  of  documents  derived  from  the 
State  Paper  Office,  a  probable  home ; 
but  can  it  be  possible  that  any  gentle- 
man connected  with  that  office,  to 
whom  the  title  of  Record  Keeper  it 
properly  applicable,  is  of  opinion  that 
**  the  most  liberal  access  "  should  be 
granted  to  the  documents  in  his  cus- 
tody— that  the  same  facilities  should 
be  allowed  with  respect  to  their  mana- 
Bcripts  and  those  in  that  invaluable  in- 
stitution the  British  Museum  ?  If  so 
I  indeed  rejoice,  since  such  an  opinion 
is  an  explicit  and  valuable  condem- 
nation of  the  present  system.  Un- 
reasonable as  that  system  is  in  itself, 
and  condemned,  universally  and  loudlf^ 
by  all  disinterested  persons  competent 
to  form  a  judgment,  if  it  be  also  con- 
demned by  those  acting  under  it,  there 
is  hope  that  a  better  day  is  not  far 
distant.  Until  it  dawns,  and  the 
obsolete  papers  of  the  State  Paper 
Office  are  made  accessible  to  all  in- 
quirers— whether  they  desire  "docu- 
ments at  length  "  or  are  mere  search- 
ers after  truth — we  do  but  dream  of 
history  ;  within  sight  of  vast  stores  of 
knowledge  we  are  kept  ignorant ;  with 
the  truth  at  hand  we  are  compelled  to 
put  up  with  fables. 

Yours,  &C.  PlIILALSTHBt. 


Mr.  Urrav,    Greenwich,  Majf  18. 

THK  amateur  review  of  the  first 
volume  of  the  New  General  Uiograpkieal 
Dictionary  [Vide  pp.  497—501.]  recalls 
my  attention  to  the  progress  of  that 
work.  I  had  resolved  to  leave  it  to  itt 
fate,  and  could  only  persuade  myself 
to  glance  over  the  third  and  fourth 
paits  of  it.  However,  as  the  gentle 
reviewer  announces  a  "visible  and 
progressive  improvement  in  each  suc- 
ceeding number," — and  even  predicts 
its  superiority,  its  immeanrabie  supe- 
riority, to  the  rival  works  of  Michand 
and  Chalmers — I  have  been  induced  to 
examine  the  fifth  part,  ver^  recently 
published,  with  more  curiosity. 

I  cast  the  result  of  this  eiaminatiOD« 

4F 


586 


The  Nett)  General  Biographical  Dictionary,  Part  F.      [Jnne, 


as  on  previous  occasions,  in  the  epis- 
tolary mould — for  I  could  not  presume, 
without  apprenticeship  to  the  craft,  to 
attempt  a  formal  review. 

As  a  considerable  portion  of  the  New 
General  Biographical  Dictionary  is 
avowedly  based  on  the  more  extensive 
work  of  M.  Michaud,  it  may  be  de- 
sirable to  inquire  how  far  the  new 
biographers  possess  the  art  of  epito- 
mising. I  shall  therefore  transcribe 
the  FIRST  article,  which  is  epitomised 
from  that  work  ;  and  submit,  in  pre- 
cisely  the  same  space,  a  new  epitome 
of  it. 

"  Anson,  (Pierre  Hubert,  1744—1810,) 
a  French  writer,  and  an  able^finaDcier. 
After  having  practised  some  time  as  an 
advocate,  he  was  taken  into  the  office  of 
the  comptroller-geDeral  of  finance,  and 
occupied,  successively,  several  posts  con- 
nected with  that  department.  He  wrote 
some  historical  memoirs  ;  and  translated 
Lady  M.  W.  Montague's  Letters,  and 
Anacreon ;  besides  being  the  author  of 
several  short  poems  and  songs.  (Biog. 
Univ.)" 

Anson,  (Pierre  Hubert)  a  French 
writer,  was  bom  at  Paris  in  1744.  He 
was  bred  to  the  law ;  successively  obtained 
various  financial  situations  ;  and  that  of 
Administrateur  dea  Pottesj  which  he  held 
at  his  death  in  1810.  He  published  his- 
torical accounts  of  Milly  and  Nemours, 
1766;  a  translation  of  Anacreon,  1795, 
sm.  8vo.  and  of  the  Letters  of  Lady 
Montagu,  1795,  2  vols.  12mo.  He  also 
wrote  poems,  songs,  etc.  —  Beuchot, 
B.  U. 

To  record  as  many  important  facts 
as  possible  within  the  allotted  space, 
and  to  arrange  them  judiciously,  should 
be  the  principal  aim  of  the  new  bio- 
graphers— but  there  is  not  one  of  the 
first  six  articles  which  deserves  praise 
on  either  score.  They  are  below  the 
level  of  those  of  Watkins  and  Gorton. 

1.  Anson  (P.  H.).— I  leave  this 
article  to  speak  for  itself.  2.  An- 
SPACH. — On  the  latter  portion  of  the 
life  of  the  Margrave  of  Anspach  it  is 
merely  said,  "  He  died  in  England  in 
1806."  It  might  at  least  have  been 
said.  He  purchased  La  Trappe,  after- 
wards celebrated  as  Brandenburg 
House,  in  1^92;  and  died  at  Speen, 
in  Berkshire,  in  1806.  3.  Anspach. 
— The  works  of  the  Margravine  of 
Anspach  are  very  imperfectly  enume- 
rated,  and  the  date  assigned  to  the 
Memoirs  is  erroneous.    It  should  be 


1826.  4.  Ansprand. — This  article  is 
not  so  much  an  epitome  of  that  of  M. 
Sismondi  as  an  assemblage  of  frag- 
ments of  it.  It  is  the  life  of  a  monarch 
without  the  date  of  his'  accessioa  to 
the  throne !  Cunibert,  another  mon- 
arch, is  miscalled  Canibert.  6.  Anstbt 
(Christopher). — ^The  birth-place  of  the 
poet,  his  education  at  Eton,  the  date 
of  his  scholarship  at  Cambridge,  his 
degree  of  B.A.  in  1746,  etc.  are  omitted. 
The  New  Bath  Guide  is  the  only  one 
of  his  poetical  progeny  which  is  named; 
and  on  his  other  progeny,  thirteen  in 
number,  the  oracle  is  mute.  It  is  not 
said  where  Anstey  died,  nor  that  his 
Poetical  Works  were  edited  by  his 
second  son,  1808,  4to.  nor  that  the 
volume  contains  an  account  of  his  life 
and  writings.  Can  such  an  article  be 
termed  biography  ?  6.  Anstis  (John). 
— ^This  learned  heraldic  writer  is  treated 
with  some  care,  but  the  authority,  as 
in  the  case  of  Anstey,  is  omitted.  Was 
it  Brooke  ?  or  Nichols  ?  or  Noble  ?  or 
Chalmers  ?  The  fact  should  have  been 
stated,  for  the  biographers  are  at  vari- 
ance on  the  date  of  his  appointment  as 
Garter  King  at  Arms,  and  of  his  death. 
Brooke  remains  in  manuscript.  Nichols 
first  published  his  account  in  1782; 
Noble,  who  was  much  indebted  to 
Nichols,  in  1804  ;  and  Chalmers,  who 
refers  to  both,  in  1812.  Chalmers, 
however,  copies  Noble  almost  verhatim, 

I  must  here  express  the  surprise 
which  I  have  repeatedly  felt  at  the  ab- 
sence of  references  to  the  Liienny 
Anecdotes  of  Mr.  Nichols,  who,  as  a 
female  writer  justly  remarks,  has 
"  poured  forth  such  a  flood  of  literary 
and  biographical  anecdote  as  is  not  to 
be  equalled,  for  variety  and  interest, 
by  any  work  in  the  English  language." 

After  this  examination  of  conseca- 
tive  articles,  I  may  be  allowed  to  select 
from  the  remaining  portion.  The 
Spanish  articles,  said  to  be  contributed 
by  one  who  "  has  cultivated  Spanish 
literature  with  the  most  distinguished 
success,"  shall  receive  particular  at- 
tention. 

I.  Antelui  (Joseph).  —  The  an- 
thority  cited  at  the  end  of  this  article 
is  the  Bioyraphie  Universelle,  I  con- 
ceive we  should  read,  Alexander  Glol- 
mers,  Millin,  the  learned  author  of 
the  article  in  the  former  work,  gives 
no  general  character  of  Antelmi,  but 
Chalmers  and  the  new  biographen 


1840.]       The  New  General  Biographical  Dictionary,  PaH  V.  587 


supply  that  deficiency,  and  they  coin- 
cide to  admiration!  Behold  the  evi- 
dence : — 

"  Antelmi  died  at  Frcjus,  June  21, 
\6i)7,  leaving  the  character  of  a  man  of 
acutencss,  lenruing,  and  integrity,  but 
credulous,  and  too  ready  to  deal  in  con- 
jecture."— A.  C. 

"He  [Antelmi]  died  at  Frejus  in  1697, 
leaving  the  character  of  a  man  of  acute- 
ncss, learning,  and  integrity ;  but  credu- 
lous, and  too  fond  of  dealing  in  conjec- 
ture."—N.  G.  B.  D. 

2.  A.NTHONY  (Derick). — The  name 
of  this  seal  engraver  appears  to  have 
been  introduced  in  order  to  serve  as  a 
vehicle  for  announcing  a  discovery. 
The  Antony  Doric  of  Horace  Walpolc 
should  be  Deric  Antony !  The  new 
biographer  deserves  praise  for  his  dis- 
covery. 1  cannot,  however,  convince 
myself  that  Derick  Anthony  has  a 
better  claim  to  be  commemorated  than 
Charles  Anthony — who  was  engraver 
of  seals,  &c.  to  James  I.  for  more  than 
ten  years ;  and  on  whom  some  inte- 
resting facts  have  recently  become 
more  accessible. 

3.  Antillon,  (Isidore,)  a  Spanish 
patriot. — In  lieu  of  this  name  and 
designation  I  have  to  propose — Antil- 
i.oN,  (Uidoru  dc)  a  very  eminent 
Spanish  geographer.  Antillon  was  the 
author  of  Klvmentm  dr  la  Geogrqfta 
A8trnn4mira,  natural  y  poHtica,  de  Ei- 
paiin  y  Partuyal,  Madrid,  1808,  8vo. 
Valencia,  IS  15,  8vo.  Madrid,  1824, 
svo.  It  is  the  best  account  of  the 
IVninsula,  and  a  choice  specimen  of  an 
elementary  essay.  He  also  composed 
/.'•'  rinnos  do  (ioo<jraf{a  Uonoral,  2  vols. 
But  pcrha|>9  he  deserves  still  more 
praise  for  his  Cartas  Esforicas  del 
iirando  Oro'ann,  dol  Oce'ano  Hounidn,  dtl 
Orrano  Atltlntico,  etc.  The  analyses 
preHxe<1  to  these  charts  arc  equally  re- 
markable for  the  rich  display  of  au- 
thorities, and  the  impartial  appropria- 
tion of  discovery.  To  Sir  Francis 
Drake  he  has  done  an  act  of  justice, 
which  is  denied  him  by  our  own 
geographers  :— 

**  Denotanios,"  nays  lie,  **  con  cl  nom- 
hre  de  hlat  Klinabttidan  .i  todn-t  lis  que 
roilran  pf)r  <).  y  S.  la  tierra  dol  Futgo, 
por»|ur  iiiti  Uf(  lliimo  en  l.'»7H  cl  primer 
Kur«>|»eo  fpie  lleg/i  4  verlas,  el  Ini;le«i  Fran- 
n'.ro  Drake,  queriendo  rternizar  en  hus 
(lrs«'iil)t  imientoN  AuMtr.iles  la  mcmoria  dc  la 
Kevua  Isabel  dc  laslatcrra.'' 


The  authority  cited  is  the  Biographie 
Univeraelle ;  and  it  proves  to  be  one  of 
the  few  anonymous  articles  in  that 
work.  Our  anonymous  biographers 
seem  to  have  a  predilection  for  anony- 
mous authorities ! 

4.  Antonio  de  Lebrija,  (1442— 
1522.) — ^This  article  has  no  reference 
to  the  authority.  It  is  a  mere  scrap 
in  comparison  with  the  excellent  article 
of  M.  Weiss,  which  is  contained  in  the 
thirty-first  volume  of  the  Biographic 
Univeraelle.  The  sagacious  biographer 
passes  over  the  grammatical  and  lexi- 
cographical works  of  Lebrija,  the  Speci- 
men of  Mayans,  and  the  Elogio  of 
Munoz.  M.  Weiss  characterises  Le- 
brija, I  believe  very  justly,  as  "  Tun 
des  plus  savants  hommes  dc  son  si^cle, 
ct  celui  qui  a  le  plus  contribue  k  faire 
refleurir  les  lettres  et  les  sciences  en 
Espagne."  I  suspect  the  article  of  M. 
Weiss  escaped  our  biographers. 

Chaudon  and  Delandine  celebrate 
Antonio  de  Lebrija  as  Antoinb  Ne- 
brissensis ;  Chalmers  celebrates  him 
as  Antonius  i£lius  Nebrissensis ; 
Michaud,  as  Nebrissensis  (ifilins 
Antonius)  ;  and  D.  Vicente  Salvd  has 
it,  perhaps  more  correctly,  Lebrija 
(Antonio  de) . — So  much  for  the  alpha- 
betical order  in  biography,  whicn  is 
supposed  to  deserve  the  preference  on 
account  of  the  superior  facility  which 
it  affords  to  research.  In  every  other 
point  of  view  it  is  extremely  objec- 
tionable. 

A  biography,  with  the  articles  io 
proper  order,  would  exhibit  each  indi- 
vidual in  the  midst  of  his  contempo- 
raries. It  would  form  a  series  of  pic- 
tures of  the  times— of  the  progress  of 
social  life,  of  science,  of  literature,  and 
of  the  arts.  A  biography,  in  the  cus- 
tomary order,  approximates  the  Visigoth 
Alaric  and  oir  own  Queen  Anne, 
Cicero  and  Collcy  Cibber;  and  it  sepa- 
rates, almost  as  widely  as  possible, 
Aurelian  and  Zcnobia,  Addison  and 
Steele,  AH>crl  and  Victoria.  It  is  a  mass 
of  anachronism  and  incongruity. 

5.  Antonio,  (Nicolas,  1617  — 
1(384,)  of  Seville,  the  celebrated  lite- 
rary biographer,  &c. — Nicolas  Anto- 
nio, to  whom  biographers  are  in- 
debted for  a  vast  mass  of  information, 
is  commemorated  in  a  very  slovenly 
manner.  There  is  no  mention  of  his 
elaborate  treatise  J)e  Exilio,  nor  of  his 
Ceiwura  de  Hi^toriat  f^bulieQ;  nor  of 


588 


The  New  General  Biogritphieal  Diciianartf,  Part  PC      [Jiiiie^ 


the  life  of  him  written  by  Mayans, 
nor  of  that  by  Bayer.  The  dates 
and  size  of  his  Bibliotheca  HU- 
pana  Vetut,  and  Bibliotheca  Hispana 
Nova,  and  the  reprint  of  the  former, 
are  also  omitted.  Cardinal  Aguirre  is 
called  Aguine.  This  article,  or  rather 
imperfect  memorandum,  concludes  with 
a  curious  specimen  of  the  inverted 
style,  of  which  I  shall  attempt  a  par- 
tial imitation  : — 

**  By  Bayer  of  Valencia  the  Bibliotheca 
Nova  was  augmented  and  improved.  Ma- 
drid, 1783."— N.  G.  B.  D. 

**  By  Bayer  of  Valencia  the  Bibliotheca 
Vetut  was  augmented  and  improved. 
Madrid,  17B8.*'—C. 

G.  Anville,  (Jean-Baptiste  Bour- 
guignon  d',  born  at  Paris,  July  11, 
1697,  died  Jan.  28,  1782.)— The  life 
of  d'Anville,  the  very  eminent  geo- 
grapher, is  treated  at  considerable 
length,  but  without  much  neatness  of 
composition.  There  is  no  attempt  to 
guide  the  student  to  those  of  his  nu- 
merous works  which  it  is  roost  essen- 
tial to  possess;  no  particulars  as  to 
dates,  sizes,  &c.  His  memoir  of 
Gravelot,  a  name  familiar  to  English- 
men, should  have  been  indicated.  We 
should  also  have  had  a  reference  to 
the  excellent  Notice  des  Ouvragea  de 
M,  d'Anville,  &c.  Paris,  1802,  8vo. 
It  is  by  M.  Barbi^  du  Bocage — le 
Btul  4lhe  qu* ait  fait  M,  d'Anville,  The 
new  biographer  states  that  d'Anville 
formed  no  scholars.  The  statement  is 
correct — but  may  lead  to  misappre- 
hension. 

7.  Apthorp,  (East,)  an  English  di- 
vine.— This  article  is  extremely  im- 
perfect, and  the  authority  is  most  in- 
judiciously chosen.  The  Bibliotheca 
of  Watts  IS  not  a  work  to  be  resorted 
to  for  biographical  facts.  An  ample 
account  of  this  very  learned  and  worthy 
man,  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Nichols,  and 
revised  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Calder,  may 
be  met  with  in  the  third  volume  of  the 
Literary  Anecdotes  of  the  Eighteenth 
Century.  There  is  also  a  memoir  of 
him  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  1816.  i.  467. 

8.  Aranjo  de  Azevedo,  (Antonio 
de,  1752—1817,)  Conde  de  Barca.— 
This  article  is  rather  a  fragment  than 
a  memoir.  Aravjo  de  Azevedo  is  com- 
memorated only  as  a  diplomatist  and 
minister :  he  was  also  a  man  of  letters. 
He  wrote  a  defence  of  Camoens  in 
Answer  to  La  Harpe,  and  two  dra- 


matic pieces.  He  also  translated  the 
odes  of  Horace,  some  of  the  pocma  of 
Gray,  and  the  Cecilian  ode  of  Drydco. 
A  very  interesting  summary  of  his  life, 
from  the  pen  of  Costancio,  hat  been 
printed  in  the  fifty-sixth  volume  of  the 
Biographie  Univer$elle, 

9.  Arbuckle,  (James,  bom  1700, 
died  1734,)  a  native  of  Glasgow,  he. 
— ^This  article  is  chiefly  copied  fltm 
Chalmers,  who  was  not  satisfied  with 
his  authorit}'.  The  new  biographen 
add  the  Collection  of  Letters  and  E$saf9, 
but  they  reject  the  M.A.  More  re- 
search should  have  been  exercised  on 
this  occasion.  I  shall  give  a  speci* 
men  of  the  poetical  powers  of  Ar- 
buckle from  his  Monimia  to  PkUa^ei, 
Dublin,  1728,  12mo.  Monimia  thus 
addresses  her  faithless  lover  :-— 

'^  Lost  to  the  world,  abandoned  and  forlom, 
Exposed  to  infamy,  reproach  and  scorn. 
To  mirth  and  comfort  lost,  and  all  for  yon. 
Yet  lost  perhaps  to  your  remembrance  too. 
How  hard  my  lot  I  What  refuge  can  I  try  .^ 
Weary  of  life,  and  yet  afraid  to  die  ; 
Of  hope,  the  wretch's  last  resort,  bereft, 
By  friends,  by  kindred,  by  my  lover  left.** 

10.  Arco,  (Alexis  del,  1625—1 700,) 
a  Spanish  painter,  &c.-— The  account  of 
this  artist  occupies  about  twelve  lines. 
The  authority  cited  is  Michael  Bryan. 
I  shall  spare,  on  this  occasion,  ny 
rapidly-diminishing  store  of  condem- 
natory phrase,  and  substitute  a  list  of 
errata :  1.  Alexis  del  Arco-^Alonso  del 
Arco.  2.  Poionusio-^Palomino.  3. 
Assumption  of  the  Virgin — Annuncia- 
tion of  the  Virgin.  4.  Trinitarioa 
Descalios— Trinitarios  Descaizos.  I 
have  only  to  add  that  my  authority  is 
D.  Juan  Agustin  Cean  Bermudez. 

H.  Ardemans,  (Teodoro,)  a  Spa- 
nish architect. — This  article,  though 
it  occupies  half  a  column,  is  very  de- 
fective. We  arc  not  told  that  Arde* 
mans  was  a  native  of  Madrid-^nor 
that  he  had  served  in  the  royal  gaards 
— nor  that  he  was  a  tcrt/er— nor  that  he 
died  at  Madrid.  The  proofs  of  his 
authorship  are,  Declaraeion  y  extenaiim 
sobre  las  Ordenanzas  de  Madrid,  1719, 
4 to.  and  F^uencias  de  la  iierra  y  cicrto 
snbterrdneo  de  las  Aguas,  1724,  4to.-— 
There  is  no  authority  appended  to  this 
article.  Cean  Bermudez  and  Alvarez 
y  Baena  should  undoubtedly  have  been 
consulted. 

I  may  here  note  the  utility  of  rt- 


1840.]      The  Niw  General  Biographical  Dictionary,  Part  V. 


cording  the  birth- place  of  an  individual^ 
— a  piece  of  information  too  frequently 
omitted  by  our  new  biographers.  Had 
it  been  stated  that  Ardemans  was  born 
at  Madrid,  the  inquisitive  reader  would 
at  once  have  been  led  to  the  Hijo8  de 
Madrid, — where  more  ample  informa- 
tion might  be  obtained. 

12.  ARELI.ANO,  (Juan  de,  1607-- 
1670,)  a  Spanish  flower- painter,  &c. 
— This  article  is  from  the  French  of 
Durdent.  It  is  not  worth  criticism ; 
but  I  shall  correct  the  dates,  and  pro- 
duce a  specimen  of  the  mode  of  trans- 
lation. As  to  dates,  D.  Juan  Agus- 
tin  Cean  Bermudez  informs  us  that 
Arellano  was  born  at  Santorcaz  in 
1614,  and  died  in  1676.  Now  comes 
the  specimen  of  translation  : — 

'^  Arellano  mourut  k  Madrid,  en  1670| 
k  Vkge  de  soixante-troia  ans.  La  oha- 
pelle  de  Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Conseil, 
dans  cette  ville,  poss^de  quatre  de  ses 
tableaux." — Durdent. 

''He  [Arellano]  died  in  the  chapel  of 
Notre  Dame  de  Bon-Conseil,  at  Madrid, 
in  which  city  there  are  four  of  bis  pic- 
tures."—N.G.  B.D. 

The  invinble  editor  has  no  doubt 
some  very  learned  and  celebrated 
names  on  the  invmble  list  of  contri- 
butors ;  but  it  would  be  impossible  to 
deny,  after  such  a  specimen  of  travesty 
translation,  that  the  list  wants  revi- 
sion. 

13.  Ahfe  (Juan  de). — The  account 
of  this  able  artist  is  nearly  six  times  the 
length  of  that  in  the  Biographie  Uni- 
verselle,  but  it  is  very  defective.  We 
have  no  mention  of  the  interesting 
wood-cut  of  Alonso  de  Ercilla,  1569, 
— nor  of  the  curious  description  of  the 
custodia  in  the  cathedral  of  Sevilla, 
1587.  The  new  biographer  also  omits 
to  notice  a  publication  which  even 
Durdent  records.  It  is  entitled, 
Qvilatador  de  la  Plata,  Oro,  y  Piedras, 
compveato  por  Joan  Arphe  de  Villa/ane  : 
natural  de  Leo  :  vezino  de  Valladolid, 
Valladolid,  1572,  4to.  The  wood-cut 
in  the  title  of  this  very  curious  book 
is  his  own  masterly  design,  and  per- 
haps the  initial  letters,  &c.  I  have  a 
copy  of  this  book  with  the  autograph 

of  the  author. 

14.  Arf£,  (Juan  de,)  born  at  Se- 
ville in  1603. — ^This  article  is  a  literal 
translation  from  the  French  of  Dur- 
dent. "  Qui  se  souvient  aujourd'hui," 
says  M.  Dorozoir^  "de  Dturdeot  et  de 


ses  ouvrages?"    The  answer  is> 
new  biographers.    Now,  I  man 
that  the  works  which  .are  ascril 
Juan  de  Arfe  were  executed  by  « 
de  Arce, — that  there  is  no  eviden< 
his  birth  at  Sevilla  in  1603, — i 
his  journey  to  Italy — and,  in  bj 
that  the  article  is  a  piece  of  flctiok^ 
refer  once  more  to  D.  Juan  Agu 
Cean  Bermudez,  who  obtained  his 
formation  from  the  archives  of  the 
thedral  of  Sevilla.  » 

15.  Arobnsola.  Two  brothers  of 
this  name  are  entitled  to  a  particdhf 
mention  in  the  literary  annals  it 
Spain : — 

1.  Leonardo  de  Lupercio,  (1565^'«i> 
1613.) 

2.  Bartkolome  Juan  Leonardo  de, 
(1566—1631.) 

The  new  biographers  have  some- 
times shewn  an  excessive  attachmenl 
to  groups — but  I  do  not  censure^  cm 
that  score,  the  writer  who  has  united 
lo9  doa  hennanoB,  1  censure  him  oalf 
for  omitting  to  consult  the  best  source 
of  information,  for  arrogance  of  sen-^ 
timent,  and  for  exhibiting  himself  ra* 
ther  than  his  subjects.  The  best  acr 
count  of  Lupercio  Leonardo  y  Argen* 
sola,  (1563 — 1613,)  and  of  Bartholome 
Juan  Leonardo  y  ArgensoIa»  (1564-^ 
1631)  is  that  of  Pell icer— which  is  pre- 
fixed  to  the  Enaayo  de  tma  Bibliotheca  de 
Traductores  Espanolea,  Madrid,  1778, 
4to.  It  occupies  142  pages  ;  and  con- 
tains inedited  letters  of  Lupercio  and 
Bartholome,  of  Mariana,  Justus  Lip- 
sius,  theCondedeLemos,and  D.  Carlos 
de  Borja.  From  such  materials  should 
the  article  have  been  compiled.  *'  Las 
noticias  pertenecientes  d  las  vidas  de 
los  dos  hermanos  Argensolas,"  says 
D.  Ramon  Fernandez,  "  se  hallan  re- 
cogidas  con  tanta  diligencia  en  la  obra 
intitulada :  Enaayo  de  una  Bihlioteea  de 
Traductorea  Eapanolea,  que  no  parece 
se  puede  aiiadir  d  lo  que  su  erudite 
Autor  ha  investigado. — Creo,  que  nin^ 
gun  erudito,  amante  de  nueatra  hiatoria 
liieraria,  carecerd  de  eata  obra," — -An 
eminent  historian  has  recently  favoured 
me  with  his  opinion  that "  lives  should 
consist  principally  o(  facta,  not  criti- 
cism." Chardon  de  la  Rochette,  who 
once  projected  a  biographical  diction- 
ary, was  of  the  same  opinion.  If  any 
argument  would  convert  me  to  that 
opinion,  it  would  be  the  critical  rhap- 
sody on  the  two  Argensolas. 


590  Tlie  New  General  Biographical  Dictionary,  Part  V,      ZJtme, 


16.  Argenville,  (Ant.  Joseph,  1680 
-— 1766,)  an  amateur  engraver  and 
man  of  letters,  born  at  Paris.  His 
family  name  was  Dezaillier. — ^The 
choice  of  authorities,  a  point  of  great 
importance  in  biography,  receives  less 
attention  in  this  work  than  it  deserves. 
The  account  of  Argenville  may  serve 
to  justify  the  remark.  Antoine- Jo- 
seph DEZA.LLIER  d'Argenville  vtras  a 
Drench  naturalist;  and,  like  many 
other  naturalists,  occasionally  made 
trial  of  the  graver.  The  new  biogra- 
phers, however,  refer  to  Heinecken — 
the  German  biographer  of  engravers, 
or  rather  recorder  of  their  works. 
Now,  mark  the  consequence.  The 
Argenville  of  the  New  General 
Biographical  Dictionary  can  scarcely 
be  recognised  as  the  Dezallier  of  the 
Necrologedes  Hommes  celebres  de  France, 
or  of  the  Nouveau  Dictionnairc  His- 
torique,  or  of  the  Biographie  Universelle, 
The  new  biographers  misreport  his 
name,andhis  claims  to  commemoration; 
omit  the  titles  of  his  works  in  natural 
history,  and  his  election  as  a  Fellow  of 
our  Royal  Society  in  1750  ;  and  mis- 
report  the  date  of  his  death.  He  died 
the  29th  November,  1765.  Had  they 
consulted  the  Biographie  Universelle, 
they  would  also  have  given  us  some 
account  of  Antoine-Nicolas  Dezal- 
lier, a  miscellaneous  writer,  who 
died  in  1794. 

To  these  specimens,  which  need  not 
be  augmented,  I  shall  add  some  short 
remarks  of  a  general  nature. 

Our  attention  has  been  called  to  the 
number  of  names  to  be  found  in  the 
Dictionary,  If  antiquity  is  to  be  wholly 
revived, —  if  every  epigrammatist,  if 
every  writer  who  is  known  by  frag- 
ments or  a  solitary  quotation, — if  every 
artist  on  record  is  to  be  admitted — the 
names  may  easily  be  increased.  Fa- 
bricius  will  supply  those  of  the  former 
classes ;  and  Sillig,  or  the  Comtc  de 
Clarac,  those  of  the  latter  class.  In 
fact,  the  catalogue  of  the  Comte  de 
Clarac  alone  contains  as  many  as  sixty 
names  which,  on  such  principles, 
should  appear  in  the  part  under  con- 
sideration. But,  do  not  such  names 
rather  belong  to  a  classical  dictionary  ? 
Is  the  system  practicable  with  respect 
to  those  who  lived  at  subsequent  pe- 
riods? Would  the  adoption  of  it 
promote  the  declared  object  of  forming 
"  one  harmonious  whole  ? "    On  §uch 


points  it  becomes  the  editor  to  medi- 
tate. I  commend  him  for  admitting 
several  names  which  should  have  ap- 
peared in  Chalmers ;  bat  I  could  point 
out  other  candidates  of  unquestionable 
claims — men  who  have  left  more  in- 
teresting traces  of  their  existence  than 
a  solitary  epigram  I 

The  general  superiority  of  articles 
written  by  persons  who  are  "pecu- 
liarly conversant  with  the  subjects 
requisite  to  illustrate  the  lives  of  which 
they  treat,"  may  without  hesitation 
be  admitted.  Nevertheless,  such  wri- 
ters are  apt  to  be  very  discursive — and 
without  strict  control  may  deviate 
more  from  the  just  model  of  biography 
than  the  mere  compiler.  I  shall  ven- 
ture  to  note,  as  an  exemplification  of 
this  remark,  the  articles  Antagoras, 
Apollodorus  the  architect,  Apollonius 
Pergaeus,  Apollonius  of  TyaxkB,,  Apple- 
ton,  Mariot  Arbuthnot, Thomas  Archer 
the  architect,  &c. 

The  bibliography  of  the  articles  is 
very  defective :  there  is  indeed  no  ap- 
pearance of  system.  Thus,  art.  Apol- 
lonius, the  editions  are  enumerated  ; 
art.  Appian,  they  are  omitted.  It  is 
not  sufficient  to  give  the  title  and  date 
of  a  work;  the  size  and  number  of 
volumes  should  also  be  stated.  The 
student  may  wish  to  be  informed 
whether  the  Register  of  the  .Most 
Noble  Order  of  the  Garter  is  an  Svo. 
pamphlet,  or  in  two  volumes  folio. 

The  references  to  the  Biographie 
Universelle  are  numerous ;  but  I  can 
point  out  articles  which  have  been 
drawn  from  that  storehouse  without 
acknowledgment,  viz.  Antenor,  Silvio 
Antoniano,  Antoninus  de  Forciglioni, 
the  Infanta  Antonio,  Manuel  de  Aran - 
da,  Robert  d'Arbrissel,  John  Arcken- 
holz,  Paul  Aresi,  Argyre,  etc* 

There  are  some  typographical  errors; 
as  p.  3,  Agensi  for  Agnesi;  p.  91, 
Hempcr  for  Hamper,  etc.  The  ttgle 
is  improved;  but  I  rather  object  to 
the  "steam  boiler,"  p.  4;  to  the 
"  cpitomators,"  p.  23 ;  to  "all Padua," 
etc.  p.  24  ;  to  "  literally  buried  him- 
self," p.  25 ;  to  the  "  refiction, "  p. 
40 ;  to  the  "  second  century  A.D." 
p.  93  ;  to  "Livoume,"  p.  107,  etc. 

It  can  be  no  reflection  on  the  learn- 
ing  and  ability  of  the  former  editor  of 
the  New  General  Biographical  Dictio- 
nary, (who  appears  to  proceed  with  his 
welcome  labours  as  a  c(»trilmtMr«}  U 


1840.] 


The  Orihography  of  SA&iipere. 


591 


1  pronounce  the  fifth  part  of  the  work 
to  be  in  some  particalars  superior  to 
the  first  and  second  parts.  Neverthe- 
less, as  the  work  is  now  only  at  its 
alpha,  and  has  the  chance  of  obtain- 
ing extensive  circulation,  the  above 
critical  observations  may  have  their 
utility,— especially  as  the  periodical 
critics  have  shown  remarkable  apathy 
on  this  very  important  occasion. 

From    the  fifth   part  of  the  New 
General  Biographical  Dietionary,  I  re- 
turn  to  the  amateur  reviewer  of  the 
preceding  parts ;  but  there  is  only  One 
of  his  statements  which  I  propose  to 
examine.     He  asserts  that  "  Universal 
Biographical  Dictionaries  never  have 
been,  nor  ever  will  be  appealed  to  as 
authorities."     Now,  the  authority  of 
a  writer  depends  on  his  qualifications 
— not  on  the  form  of  writing  which  he 
may  have  had  occasion  to  adopt.  We  are 
chiefly  to  consider  the  means  of  in- 
formation which  he  had  at  command, 
his  capability  of  forming  correct  opi- 
nions, his  love  of  truth,  and  habits  of 
accuracy ;  and  if  we  have  reason  to 
be  satisfied  on  those  points,  we  may 
appeal  to  him  as  an  authority,  whether 
his  statements  chance  to  appear  in  the 
graver  shape  of  history,   in  a  biogra- 
phical sketch,  in  a  familiar  letter,  or  in 
a  marginal  note  to  a  poem  or  romance* 
Has  the  Biblioiheea  of  Conrad  Gesner 
never  been  appealed  to  as  an  autho- 
rity ?    Can  the  gentle  reviewer  name 
a  work  which  has  been  more  frequently 
({uoted  than  the  Grand    Dieiimmaire 
HUtoriqne  of  Mor^ri  ?     I  must  also 
instance   the    Biographie   Unkfer9eUe. 
When,  in  that  admirable  publication, 
Boissonade  or  Letronne  touch  on  a 
classical  subject ;  Daunon  or  De  Ba- 
rante  on  French  historv ;  Ginguen^  or 
Sismondi  on  Italian  atrairs ;  Delambre 
or  Biot  on  physics ;  Cnvier  on  natural 
science ;  Silvestre  de  Sacy  on  Oriental 
literature  ;  Malte-Brnn  or  De  Rosstl 
on  geography,  etc.  etc. — majr  we  not 
appeal  to  them  as  authorities  ?    Mr. 
Hallam  admits  that  hitmrobabtf  ekiuld 
never  have  underiakem  the  composition 
of  his  late  important  volames  withoat 
the  Biofraphtt  Univ€r$eUe.    Has  Mr. 
Hallam  committed  the  capital  fault  of 
relying  on  a  work  which  was  never 
intended  to  be  appealed  to  as  an  autho- 
rity ?  But  I  have  broa|;ht  op  a  troop  of 
horse  to  encoonttr  a  will-o'-a-witp  I 
la  finally  withdmriaf  from  tho 


critical  examination  of  the  New  General 
Biographieal  DicHonary,  (a  task  which 
would  interrupt  more  agreeable  pur- 
suits,) I  recommend  to  the  present 
active  editor  of  the  woric,  and  to  ths 
various  contributors,  an  axiom  Tery 
unlike  that  of  the  gentle  reviewer,-«fui 
axiom  which,  I  charitably  hope,  would 
stimulate  their  research  and  attention 
to  accuracy, — an  axiom  which,  if  they 
would  have  the  manliness  to  avow 
themselves,  their  own  work  might 
eventually  tend  to  confirm : — 

t^  Universal  Biographical  Dictio« 
naries  ever  have  been,  and,  iffnperig 
executed,  ever  will  be  appealed  to  as  an* 
thorities. 

Yours,  kc,  Bolton  CoMfir. 


Ma.  Urban, 

THE  argument  between  Mr.  Borgon 
and  myself  having  almost  degeneratsd 
into  a  mere  discussion  of  bye-points» 
it  is  time  to  bring  it  to  a  dose.  I 
shall  make  a  few  comments  upon  tlio 
new  matter  contained  in  Mr.  Bargon'a 
last  communication,  and  leave  tlio 
issue  in  the  hands  of  your  readers. 

Mr.  Burgon  regrets  my  wmwik, 
laughs  at  my  meoiint/eiicy,  and  com* 
plains  of  my  dogwutiitm, 

I  admit  the  weamth,  and  jnstify  it. 
Mr.  Burgon  told  you,  in  snbstance^  that 
I  had  OMHTted  what  was  mat  irme.  I 
trust  I  am  not  more  thin-skinned  than 
my  neighbours,  but  I  avow  that  neithor 
the  manner  nor  the  matter  of  the  aecs- 
sation  pleased  me ;  nor  has  Mr.  Bvr- 
gon's  further  explanation  coovinccd 
me  that  I  was  wrong.  Soch  aocnsa* 
tions  are  not  consistent  with  the  oidi-i 
nary  courtesies  of  society;  nor  am 
thej  be  need  withoat  creating  a  soa- 
picion  of  meditated  offmoe;  and, 
although  I  rejoice  to  learn  that  Mr. 
Burgon  did  not  contemplate  ofl^Dca, 
and — now  I  come  to  know  him  bat- 
ter— am  pleased  to  believe  that  ha  la 
too  good  tempered  and  honest  miodad 
to  have  dreamt  ofanjrthingofthakind, 
yet  I  cannot  but  hope  that  the  thM 
may  never  arrive  when  I  nay  Yicw 
anything  approachin|[  to  an  impotii- 
tion  of  want  of  veracity  with  mwoD- 
cem.  There  is  so  little  troth  in  tilt 
world  that  it  is  criminal  to  be  ntgligaiit 
of  that  little. 

And  now  to  chann  the  sotne  and, 
if  I  can»  the  tone,  Mr.Bmpmktmiil^^ 
cawrwi  ilmHwm  topnrfiftaf,    HthM 


592 


The  Orthography  qf  Shaktpere. 


[JUM^ 


done  me  the  honoar  to  look  into  some 
of  my  literary  peccadilloes,   and  has 
found  out — wretch  that  I  am  1 — that 
in   the  month    of   October    1839*   I 
did  not  use  the  mode  of  spelling  Shak^ 
apere  which  I  strenuously  advocated 
in  February  1840,  and  have  continued 
to  advocate  from  that  time  up  to  the 
present  moment.     His  astonishment 
is  unbounded.     He  sets  me  down  as  a 
mere  mercurial  scribbler;  calls  to  his 
aid  a  whole  phalanx  of  marks  of  admi- 
ration, and  declares  he  cannot  imagine 
"  what  new  lights  could  have  broken 
in  upon  me  between  October  and  Feb- 
ruary."  It  is  all  very  true,  Mr.  Urban ; 
I  am  caught  in  the  fact.     1  must  con- 
fess the  soft  impeachment.     Until  the 
1st  day  of  January  1840  I  really  was 
wicked  enough  to  spell  Shakspere  as 
Mr.  Burgon  does,  and  for  precisely  the 
same  reason — because  other  people  did 
so.     But  on  that  1st  January — "  a  day 
to  do  good  deeds  on," — I  was  con- 
verted from  the  error  of  my  way,  and 
I'll  tell  you  how.     On  that  day  you 
sent  forth  Mr.  D'Israeli's  first  paper 
upon  this  subject.    I  read  it ;  it  startled 
me  and  set  me  upon  inquiry ;  it  sent 
me  to  Sir  Frederick  Madden's  excel- 
lent communication  to  the  Archaeolo- 
gia,  which,  to  my  shame  be  it  confessed, 
I  had  never  read ;  and,  in  the  end, 
Mr.  D'lsraeli  converted  me  to  Madden- 
ism.     My  case  was  like  that  of  the 
learned  Doctor  who  began  by  reading 
A  Defence  of  Periwigs,  and  ended  by 
throwing  his  own  into  the  fire.     If  it 
be  mercurial  for  a  man  to  quit  a  prac- 
tice which  he  is  convinced  is  wrong, 
or  to  defend  one  which,  after  investi- 
gation, he  finds  to  be  right,  then  truly 
"  I  am  the  guiltiest  soul  alive."     In 
defence  of  his  way  of  spelling  Shak- 
spere,  Mr.  Burgon  contends  : — 
'*  It  must  be  right,  he's  done  it  ft'om  a  boy," 
and   almost  everybody  else   does   it : 
on  behalf  of  mine,  I  tender  the  con- 
viction   of   my    understanding — the 
result  of  an    investigation    to  which 
I    was   stimulated    by   the    means    I 
have  described.    Is  the  man  mercurial 
who,  after  the  recovery  of  his  sight, 
leaves  off  those  practices  which  were 
proper  in  his  state  of  blindness  ?  or  he 
who  having  found  that  the  Strand  is 
the    direct  way  from  Temple  Bar  to 
Charing  Cross,  not  only  ceases  himself 
to  wander    round  by   Holborn,   but 
4 


seeks  to  set  right  those  who  an  goiog 
astray  ?  If  1  am  mercurial,  pray  let  it 
be  remembered  that  I  am  one  of  Mr. 

D'Israeli's  converts. 

And  now  for  the  dogmatitm :  Mr. 
Burgon  sets  himself  in  oppoaition  to 
what  he  calls  my  attempt  to  write 
down  the  established  ortiiography— 
he  tells  yoii  that  I  say  that  '*  a  man's 
own  mode  of  spelling  his  own  name 
ought  to  be  followed,"  and  he  meets 
this  "  plausible  assertion  "  by  remark* 
ing  that  in  the  republic  of  letters  oo 
dictatorship  is  allowed,  and  that  far 
be  it  from  him  and  his  friends  to  lay 
down  a  rule  and  then  chide  mankind 
because  they  refuse  to  fall  into  what 
they  have  asserted  "  ought  to  be  done 
in  this  or  that  matter." 

I  do  not  know  that  I  exactly  ander« 
stand  the  charge  of  attempting  to  write 
down  the  established  orthography ;  but 
if  I  do,  I  can  only  say,  that  if  the  es- 
tablished orthography,  or  anything  elee 
is  thought  to  be  incorrect,  I  tee  no 
harm  in  any  man's  attempting  fairly 
to  expose  what  he  conceives  to  be  its 
incorrectness.  The  instance  uf  dog- 
matical enunciation  of  an  opinion  which 
Mr.  Burgon  has  adduced  is  certainly 
not  mine.  I  did  not  in  any  dictatorial 
way  promulgate  the  opinion  that  "a 
man's  own  mode  of  spelling  hie  own 
name  ought  to  be  followed ;"  I  stated 
it  not  as  a  sentence,. a  dictum,  an  an- 
thoritative  expression  of  opinion,  but 
simply  as  one  of  two  propontitnm  for 
the  affirmative  qf  which  I  coa/eiuM.  Is 
that  dictatorial  ? 

But  all  this  is  beside  the  question— 
ought  we  to  write  Shakeperef  Mr. 
Burgon's  objections,  although  stated 
differently,  are  still  the  same;  i.  It 
would  be  new.  Proper  names  are  to 
be  spelt  as  they  are  spelt  in  the  printed 
books  of  the  majority  of  well-edacated 
persons  :  that  is,  as  we  are  in  the  ha- 
bit of  spelling  them,  without  reference 
to  right  or  wrong ;  and  ii.  The  conse- 
quences !  oh !  think  of  the  consequences 
of  an  alteration  I 

The  objection  of  novelty  weighs  not 
a  grain  with  me.  Is  it  right  ?  is  the 
question  ;  not.  Is  it  new  ?  The  ques- 
tion of  right  or  wrong  may  be  Tiewed 
thus. 

i.  A  man's  name  is  the  word  which 
we  use  in  speaking  or  writing,  to  dii- 
tinguish  him  from  his  fellow  men* 


1840.] 


The  Orthography  of  Shahspere, 


593 


ii.  He  derives  that  word  from  his 
ancestors,  or  acquires  it  for  himself, 
and,  in  either  case,  what  it  is,  is  a 
fact  within  his  own  knowledge. 

iii.  His  evidence  upon  the  subject 
is  testimony  of  the  first  class ;  testi- 
mony to  a  fact,  by  a  witness  who  has 
all  the  particulars  within  his  own 
knowledge. 

iv.  Such  evidence  is  the  best  of 
which  the  case  admits. 

The.'*e  seem  to  me  to  be  all  mere 
self-evident  propositions,  leading  con- 
vincingly to  the  conclusion  that  a 
man's  own  testimony  is  the  best  evi- 
dence as  to  what  his  name  really  is. 
But  then  comes  the  question — what  is 
the  most  satisfactory  form  in  which  a 
man's  testimony  upon  such  a  subject 
can  be  procured  ?  I  answer  in  the 
words  of  Mr.  Bolton  Corney,  in  his 
lucid  and  excellent  paper  in  your  Ma- 
gazine for  April,  p.  379*  "  autogra- 
phic evidence  is  to  be  considered  as 
superior  to  printed  evidence " — cer- 
tainly, and  for  the  plainest  of  all  rea- 
sons. In  the  autograph  you  are  at 
once  brought  into  contact  with  the 
man  himself.  You  have  before  you 
his  own  direct  testimony.  In  any 
other  form,  it  may  be  the  testimony 
of  the  man  himself,  but  it  comes  to 
you  second-hand ;  some  critical  printer, 
or  injudicious  editor,  stands  between 
you  and  the  witness,  retailing,  and 
perhaps  garbling,  what  he  has  said. 

But  suppose  the  autographs  vary  ? 
Then  inquire^  into  the  nature  of  the  va- 
riety, and  if  anyjman's  practicehas  been 
continuously  various,  i.  e.  (1  beg  to  add 
forMr.  Burgon's especial  information,) 
if,  throughout  all  those  periods  of 
his  life  during  which  we  possess  bis 
autographs,  he  wrote  variously,  then 
the  autographs  can  be  no  guide  and 
one  must  be  found  elsewhere  ;  but  if, 
as  is  probably  Ralegh's  case,  he  wrote 
variously  up  to  a  certain  period,  and, 
afler  that  time,  was  constant  to  one 
spelling,  it  seems  but  reasonable  to 
follow  that. 

But  suppose  the  signature  is  fantas- 
tic ;  an  Karl  of  Pembroke,  for  instance, 
signing  Penbroke,  what  is  to  be  done 
then  ?  I  answers-do  what  is  reason- 
able. The  title  it  the  name  of  a  town, 
the  orthography  of  which  was  probably 
well  ascertained  before  it  was  given  to 
my  I^)rd  for  a  title  :  do  not  follow  his 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


Lordship  in  his  affectation,  but  spell 
his  title  properly. 

These  considerations  seem  to  me  to 
prove  the  reasonableness  of  the  adher- 
ence to  Shakspere's  autograph,  and, 
from  them,  I  deduce  the  two  propoai- 
tions,  for  the  affirmative  of  which  I 
have  stated  that  I  contend. 

Oh !  but  the  consequences !  only 
think  of  Sanjak !  I  thank  Mr.  BurgoQ 
for  the  anecdote ;  it  reminds  me  of  a 
story  of  the  Berbers,  who  never 
use  water  for  cleansing  themseWea, 
but  prefer  a  little  occasional  dry- rub- 
bing with  sandstone.  The  conse- 
quences may  be  conceived ;  and,  when 
one  of  their  chiefs  was  remonstrated 
with  upon  the  subject,  he  replied,  that 
water  was  given  to  man  to  drink,  and 
to  cook  with,  and,  however  proper  it 
might  be  to  be  clean,  the  proposed  use 
of  the  precious  liquid  woaid  be  new  to 
the  Berbers,  and  he  was  afraid  that 
something  terrible  would  happen  if 
they  departed  from  their  established 
practice.  So  with  Sanjak,  Mr.  Bur- 
gon  shows  the  absurdity  of  the  cor- 
rupted substitute  in  a  very  pleasant 
manner,  but  it  has  got  into  use, 
and  he  will  not  consent  to  its  altera- 
tion. "  No  one  will  dispute,"  he  says, 
"  that  the  place  ought  to  be  called  Slaa- 
jak ;  yet  who  will  call  it  so?"  I  shall, 
for  one ;  and  this  discussion  would 
not  be  without  its  use  if  Mr.  Burgoo 
would  derive  this  lesson  from  it  t— 
"  At  all  times,  in  all  circumstances, 
and  upon  all  subjects,  do  what  omghi 
to  be  done,  and  never  fear  the  conse- 
quences ! " 

But  you  roust  "  alter  the  orthogra- 
phy of  an  immense  body — almost  all 
in  fact — of  the  proper  names  in  the 
language."  There  is  a  great  deal  of 
misunderstanding  here.  I  contend  that 
in  the  case  of  every  person  you  should 
follow  his  autograph  signature,  with 
the  qualifications  before  mentioned.  I 
have  no  where  contended,  nor  am  I 
inclined  to  contend,  that  the  practice 
of  an  individual  is  to  be  the  rule  for 
all  generations,  or  all  persons  of 
the  same  family.  Let  each  case  stand 
by  itself,  and  be  judged  upon  its 
own  merits.  Mr.  Burgon  is  drcaminf 
when  he  imagines  that  I  have  advocat- 
ed any  principle  which  would  briiiff 
back  Beaver  to  Btawmr :  that  would 
be  a  consequence  of  the  doctrine  of 

4  O 


The  Orthography  of  Shahpere. 


594 

the  true  and  genuine  Shakespcare-men, 
which  I  opposed  in  my  first  letter. 
What  I  have  said,  and  continue  to 
•ay,  i»,— /0//01P  Me  autograph  of  the 
individual  But,  adds  Mr.  Burgon, 
that  would  make  the  uncle  Nevyle 
and  the  nephew  Nevyll ;  and  the  fa- 
ther Cecill  and  the  son  Cecyll,  which 
is  a  reductio  ad  ahturdum.  How  does 
that  appear  ?  It  would  be  contrary  to 
modern  usage,  but  is  it  therefore  ab- 
surd ?  The  absurdity,  if  there  is  one, 
ii  in  reducing  the  diversities  of  ancient 
practice  to  the  monotony  of  our  own 
dead  level.  If  our  ancestors  allowed 
varieties  of  this  description,  why  should 
we  not  preserve  the  memory  of  the 
fact  ?  We  cherish  other  antique  forms, 
why  not  those  of  names  ? 

1  might  now  go  on  to  comment 
upon  various  inaccuracies  in  Mr. 
Burgon's  letter;  but  I  agree  with 
him  that  there  has  been  something  too 
much  of  this,  and  therefore  forbear — 
noticing  only  one  seeming  mistake: 
and  that  because  it  does  not  affect 
myself,  but  may  mislead  future  in- 
quirers.   Mr.  Burgon  says, — 

*'  Lord  Burgbley,  shortly  after  he  was 
raised  to  the  peerage,  wrote  as  follows  to 
his  friend  Nicholas  Whyte  in  Ireland: 
'  My  stile  is,  Lord  of  Burghley,  if  you 
meane  to  know  it  for  your  wrytyng,  and 
if  you  liit  to  write  truly: — the  poorest 
Lord  in  England !" 

and  his  comment  is  as  follows  : — 

'*  It  seems  to  me  from  the  peculiar  ex- 
pression of  his  Ijordship,  that  he  recog- 
nised his  correspondent's  right  to  spell 
his  name  in  any  way  he  pleased ;  that  he 
considered  it  quite  optional  whether  a 
proper  name  was  to  be  written  '  truly '  or 
not." 

Now,  the  words  of  Lord  Burghley's 
letter  are  quoted  accurately  enough,  but 
I  think  their  sense  is  altogether  alter- 
ed by  the  manner  in  which  they  are 
pointed.  Burghley,  as  is  well  known 
to  all  who  are  familiar  with  his  mode 
of  writing,  was  in  the  habit  of  using  a 
long  slanting  stroke  in  the  place  of 
that  we  now  term  a  period  or  full 
stop,  using  the  period  in  the  place  of 
a  comma,  and,  occasionally,  where  a 
significant  pausa  was  required,  as  be- 


[Jnne, 


fore  words  which  we  shoald  place  be- 
tween inverted  commas.  Now  anv  one 
who  will  refer  to  the  original  letter 
from  which  Mr.  Burgon  has  quoted 
(Lansd.  MS.  102,  art.  84),  will  see 
that  there  is  the  slanting  stroke  after 
the  word  "wrytyng,"  and  a  full  stop 
after  "truly;"  and,  looking  at  the 
whole  passage,  I  think  he  will  not 
doubt  that  the  proper  way  of  quoting 
the  words  is  as  follows  :«— 

**  My  stile  is,  '  Lord  of  BurgUey/  if 
you  meane  to  know  it,  for  your  wrytyng. 
And,  if  you  list  to  wryte  truly,  'the 
poorest  Lord  in  Eng^d.'  " 

The  words  are  a  postscript  to  a  letter 
to  Whyte,  who  was  in  constant  official 
and  friendly  corresnondence  with 
Burghley ;  and  from  tne  circamstance 
of  there  being  one  of  Burghley's  nsoal 
slanting  strokes  through  ue  letter  t  of 
of  the  first  "  if,"  it  seems  to  me  that 
the  whole  postscript  was  probably 
written  thus:  He  first  wrote«  "My 
stile  is  Lord  of  Burghley/'  concluding 
the  sentence  with  his  substitate  for  a 
period;  looking  at  the  words,  they 
probably  appeared  rather  abrapt,  and 
he  added — writing  through  the  slanting 
stroke  he  had  put  after  fiurghley — "  if 
you  meane  to  know  it  for  your  writ- 
ing." There  he  again  concluded ;  but 
the  little  pleasantry  about  his  poverty 
flashing  across  his  mind,  he  finally 
subjoined, — "  and  if  you  list  to  write 
truly,  '  the  poorest  Lord  in  England.' " 
It  will  be  perceived  that  this  render- 
ing is  totally  at  variance  with  the  con- 
struction put  upon  the  passage  by  Mr. 
Burgon. 

And  now  farewell  to  Skaktper^  for 
the  present ;  and  I  trust  in  peace  and 
harmony  with  all  1  There  is  a  care- 
lessness in  Mr.  Burgon's  statements 
of  the  contents  of  my  letters  which  I 
sincerely  wish  had  not  ezisted«  because 
it  prevents  my  looking  upon  him,  as 
an  opponent,  with  all  the  aatisfketion 
I  could  have  desired ;  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  his  good  temper  and  the  gene- 
rosity of  his  disposition  shine  so 
clearly  through  what  he  has  written, 
that  it  would  grieve  me  to  part  from 
such  a  man  upon  anv  other  terms 
than  those  of  certain  firiendahip. 

Yours,  &c.    John  Bbvce. 


595 


MEMORIALS  OF  LITERARY  CHARACTERS,  No«  XXVIII. 


Madamb  dx  Staxl  akd  M.  ds 
Lallt  Tolsndal. 
THE  late  M.  de  Lally  Tolendal  was 
soQ  of  the  uafortonaU  Lally,  who 
perished  on  the  scaffold  in  the  reign 
of  Louis  XV.  On  tha  appearance  of 
the  first  Tolume  of  the  Biograpkk  Um' 
ver$elle,  he  agreed  with  Madame  de 
Stael,  (who  was  daughter  of  the  cele- 
brated Necker,)  that  each  should  for- 
nish  to  that  publication  a  memoir  of 
the  other's  father.  Such  an  agree* 
mcnt  does  honour  to  their  filial  affec- 
tion, for  each  had  already  undertaken 
the  tusk  of  vindicating  a  parent's  me- 
mory. Unfortunately^  though  pro- 
jected, it  was  not  completed,  as  the 
death  of  Madame  de  Stael  prevented 
her  from  redeeming  her  part  of  the 
mutual  pledge.  The  life  of  Lally  in 
the  Biogrttpfue  is  anonymous. 

M.  Dx  La  Placb. 

M.  Pierre  Antoine  de  la  Place,*  who 
was  editor  of  the  Merewn  d»  F)nme9 
from  I7fi2  to  176S,  was  a  most  extra- 
ordinary instance  of  vanity.  He  was 
afilicted,  all  his  life,  with  a  passion  for 
celebrity,  which  his  talents  were  too 
mediocre  to  satisfy.  In  order  to  make 
a  noise  about  himself,  he  hit  on  the 
singular  idea  of  giving  himself  out  for 
deill  in  the  public  papers,  and  lament- 
ing, in  the  same  announcement,  the 
loss  of  so  promising  a  person.  The 
OMuary  does  not  appear  to  have  ex- 
cited any  great  sensation,  and  when 
he  was  found  to  be  still  alive,  it  was 
treated  as  a  good  joke,  which  probably 
saved  him  from  merited  contempt. 

In  1762  he  was  appointed  to  the 
editorship  of  the  Mmxwn  d»  fWraef, 
through  the  Pompadour  interest,  which 
was  then  predominant.  Aaaociattd 
with  him  in  the  editorship  was  a 
person  named  Lagarde,  who,  on  ac- 
count of  his  character  as  a  jmU-birdf 
was  called  Lagwrdt  Bieiire,  and  be- 
tween them  the  publication  was 
brought  to  the  brink  of  min  in  three 
years.  As  the  editorship  was  in  the 
gif^  of  government,  it  was  taxed  with 
|ii>nsions  to  certain  literary  men,  and 


the  conductor  made  his  profit  out  of 
the  remainder.  Under  Uie  anspieea 
of  La  Place,  it  fell  off  so  rapidly,  that 
the  subscribers  withdrew  in  nnmben, 
the  pensions  could  no  lon^r  be  paid, 
and  he  was  deprived  of  his  appoint* 
ment  More  fortunate,  however,  than 
those  who  had  thus  suffered  by  hia 
incapacity,  he  obtained  a  rttiriag  al- 
lowance of  5,000  francs,  yet  he  eon- 
plained  perpetually  that  nis  laboars 
and  merit  were  not  appreciated. 

The  history  of  his  Piieit  wkrm- 
soalet  e/  ptm  to  wast  is  corioos.  He 
had  obtained  possession  of  a  MS.  eoa- 
mon-place  book,  entitled  MmmrM, 
which  belonged  to  the  celebrated  Do- 
clos,  whose  thoughts  and  extracts  were 
sure  to  prove  interesting.  This  he 
took  the  Xxhtttj  of  printing,  and  as  tha 
whole  impression  vras  soon  disposed 
of,  he  brousht  ont  anotiier  vwmM, 
containing,  indeed,  some^firagmenta  of 
that  writer's,  and,  fliongh  inferior  to 
the  former,  it  also  sold.  Tlua  was 
trying  the  pulse  of  the  pohUe  te 
enough,  hot  he  had  the  asawanoe  to 
bring  out  six  more  vohimci,  copied 
from  the  Jhim^  the  Dictionariaa  of 
Anecdotes,  hz.  te.  and  crammed  with 
insipidities,  a  great  portion  of  whtt 
were  his  ovm  adventnres,  correspond- 
ence, and  conversations.  La  narpa 
observes,  sarcastically,  that  his  poetrj 
might  surely  be  tensed  mlett|M»  tm^ 
aiies,  but  he  alone  could  call  tliem  In-* 
/eressaalet.  He  gives  a  strmnge  b- 
stance  of  bhiodering  on  die  part  of 
LaPlaoe.  PiMcai  had  dtfined  the  in- 
mensity  of  DeitT.  "A  ctrde  wfaoat 
centre  is  everywners,  and  the  cirona- 
ferenee  nowhere.*'  But  La  Plaoe,  wIm 
admired  the  definition,  in  deferenee  to 
the  public  voice,  eonld  notnnderstaBd 
it,  and  printed  it  thus.  "A  cirdii 
whose  arenmference  is  everywhere, 
and  the  centre  nowhere."  Yet  he  \mi 
the  aadadtr  to  call  himself  l» 
dsf  feat  dt  mtm, 

A  few  particulars  may  be 
concerning  the  Mtrmn.  Itwasca* 
Ublished  in  1672  by  Viatf^t  (whom 
M.  Sabatier  calls  a  jNNwre  dMwia,) 


*  See  Genu  Msg,  for  Joly,  1839.       t  Jsmi  DeoMM  de  U  TW. 


596 


The  Mercure  de  France. — Richard  Savage, 


IJvne, 


under  the  title  of  Mercure  galant.  La 
Bruy^re  esteemed  it,  as  it  was  con- 
ducted in  his  time,  au  dessous  du  rien. 

After  some  interruption,  it  assumed 
the  title  of  Mercure  de  France,  at  his 
death  in  1710.  M.  Antoine  de  la 
Roque,  having  lost  a  leg  at  the  battle 
of  Malplaquet,  obtained  the  editorship 
sometime  af^er  as  a  reward,  and  su- 
perintended it  till  his  death  in  1744. 

Connected  with  his  editorship  is  an 
amusing  story,  which  has  already  been 
told  in  the  notice  of  M.  Desforges 
Maillard,  alias  Mile.  Malerais  de  la 
Vigne.  (Vol.  XII.  p.  23,  July  1839.) 
The  Mercure  was  afterwards  consigned 
to  La  Harpe,  whose  first  Literary 
essays  had  appeared  in  it.  A  com- 
plete collection  forms  about  1,300 
volumes.*  Cydwbli. 

RICHARD  SAVAGE. 

In  Johnson's  Life  of  this  extraordi- 
nary  man,  he  relates  that  a  Mrs.  Lloyd, 
his  godmother,  left  him  the  sum  of 
300/. ;  that  her  death  happened  in  his 
tenth  year,  and  that,  "  as  he  had  none 
to  prosecute  his  claim,  to  shelter  him 
from  oppression,  or  call  in  law  to  the 
assistance  of  justice,  her  will  was 
eluded  by  the  executors,  and  no  part 
of  the  money  was  ever  paid." 

Upon  this  anecdote  the  sage  Bozzy 
remarks,  "If  he  had  a  title  to  the 
legacy,  he  could  not  have  found  any 
difficulty  in  recovering  it ;  for,  had  the 
executors  resisted  his  claim,  the  whole 
costs,  as  well  as  legacy,  must  have 
been  paid  by  them,  if  he  had  been  the 
child  to  whom  it  was  given." 

It  seems  pretty  clear  that  while 
Bozzy  (who  was  a  bit  of  a  lawyer)  was 
planning  his  note,  he  forgot  his  text ; 
which  does  not  say  that  the  executors 
resisted  his  claim,  but  that  the  un- 
friended boy  had  none  to  prosecute  it. 
The  editor,  however,  subjoins  a 
note — " This  reasoning  is  decisive:  if 
Savage  were  what  he  represented  him- 
self, nothing  could  have  prevented  his 
recovering  it."  Nothing  certainly — 
except  the  awj^ward  circumstance  of 
being  wholly  unable  to  attempt  the 
recovery. 

It  is  asserted  that  the  child,  born 
Jan.  16,  1697-8  to  Lord  Rivers  by 
Lady  Macclesfield,  died  in  its  infancy, 
and  that  at  the  age  of  seventeen  or 


eighteen,  or  not  before,  Sa^nge,  the 
shoemaker's  son,  assumed  its  name. 
What  is  meant  by  "  infancy"?  Sappcwe 
under  five  years  :  then  for  about  twelve 
or  thirteen  years  or  more,  no  stir  was 
made ;  the  whole  matter  was  at  rest. 

But  we  are  told  that  there  was  a 
child  placed  by  Lady  Mason,  the  mother 
of  Lady  Macclesfield,  at  a  school  near 
St.  Alban's ;  and  that  this  child  was 
Savage,  the  son  of  Lady  Macclesfield, 
and  grandson  of  Lady  Mason.  Is  it 
denied  that  oi^  child  was  so  placed? 
or,  if  admitted  that  some  child  was, 
whose  was  that  child,  and  what  became 

of  it? 

Is  it  not  a  fact  that  Lord  Tyrconnel, 
the  nephew  of  Lady  Macclesfield,  be- 
lieved Savage  to  be  the  son  of  the  Earl 
and  the  Countess  ?  After  the  quarrel 
between  the  viscount  and  the  poet,  was 
it  ever  asserted  by  the  *'  Right  Hon- 
ourable Brute  and  Booby,"  as  Savage 
most  grossly  denominates  him,  that  he 
(Savage)  was  an  impostor. 

Again  :  It  is  acknowledged  that  the 
baptism  of  a  child  called  by  the  Chris- 
tian name  of  Lord  Rivers, — Bkhard — 
and  the  assumed  name  of  his  mother. 
Smith,  is  entered  in  the  registry  of  St. 
Andrew's,  Holborn,  on  the  18th  Jan. 
1696.7.     Has  any  register  been  found 
of  his  death ;  and  what  became  of  the 
nurse  ?  And  of  the  letters  from  Lady 
Mason  to  her  ?    Lord  Rivers  died  in 
1712,  fifteen  years  after  the  birth  of 
this  child,  and  it  is  said  that  then'only 
was  the  Lord  informed  of  his  child's 
death .    And  it  is  suggested  by  Boswell, 
in  justification  of  Lady  Macclesfield, 
that  the  person  who  had  then  (i.  e.  at 
the  time  of  the  Earl's  death)  assumed 
the  name  of  R.  Sayage  was  known  to 
her  to  be  an  impostor ;  but  it  is  also 
said  that  no  impostor  appeared    till 
two  years  after  the  decease  of  the  Earl. 
It  is  evident  from  these  remarks  that 
there  remain  some  further  inquiries  to 
be  satisfactorily  answered  before  we 
can  adopt  the  conclusion  that  Savage's 
biography  is  a  tissue  of  lies,  and  Uiat 
he  made  S.  Johnson  his  dupe,  and  half 
the  world  beside.  R.  C. 

TOOKB,  JUNIUS,  LORD  BLDON,  AlID 
SIR  P.  FRANCIS. 

In  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
Feb.  1838,  p.  131,  is  the  following 
quotation  from  (Treea't  IHary. 


•  La  Harpe,  Art.  on  La  Place,  appended  to  his  L7€^.«--Ssbttieri  Les  trois 
— 'BMUTois,  Diet.  Historique. 


1840.]        Ibok€,Juniu$9  8fC.'--^Mili6n*8  Second  Marriage. 


t€ 


23  Dec.  1812.  I  once  asked  Tooke/ 
if.  he  had  a  guess  at  Junius^  but  he  de- 
clared he  had  not  the  slighjtest." 

Stephens,  in  his  Life  of  Tooke,  vol. 
i.  p.  415,  informs  us  :  *'l  have  been 
assured  more  than  once  by  the  subject 
of  this  memoir  (Tooke)  that  he  abso- 
lutely knew  the  author"  (of  Junius's 
Letters) .  And  in  vol.  ii.  p.  358,  "  June 
21,  1807.  One  of  the  company  now 
asked  if  he  (Tooke)  knew  the  author 
(of  Junius's  Letters)  ?  On  the  ques- 
tion being  put  he  immediately  crossed 
his  knife  and  fork  on  his  plate,  and, 
assuming  a  stern  look,  replied  '  I  do/ 
His  manner^  tone,  and  attitude,  were 
all  too  formidable  to  admit  of  any 
further  interrogations." 

In  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
March,  1838,  p.  31/,  it  is  said,  in  the 
Life  of  Lord  Eldon,  that  "  A  few  weeks 
after  these  trials  (at  the  Old  Bailey  in 
1794)  Lord  Eldon  met,  in  Westminster 
Hall,  Mr.  Home  Tooke,  who  walked 
up  to  him  and  said,  '  Let  me  avail 
myself  of  this  opportunity  to  express 
my  sense  of  your  humane  and  consi- 
derate conduct  during  the  late  trials.'  " 
Lord  Eldon,  the  Attorney  (xeneral, 
had  commenced  his  reply*  with  a 
solemn  protestation  in  the  presence  of 
God  that  he  could  look  only  to  His 
support  to  enable  him  to  execute  his 
duty  as  he  ought  to  the  prisoner  and 
the  country. 

In  the  margin  of  his  own  copy  of 
the  second  volume  of  Gurney's  Report 
of  the  Trial,  vol.  ii.  p.  232,  Tooke  de- 
nominates this  to  be  "A  pretty  pro- 
testation from  a  mercenary,  deliberate 
murderer."  The  words  are  in  his  own 
hand-writing,  and  the  book  was  pur- 
chased by  Mr.  Heber  for  QL  159.  at 
the  sale  of  Tooke's  library  in  May 
1813.  In  the  catalogue  it  was  stated 
to  be  "full  of  MS.  notes  by  Mr. 
Tooke." 

In  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
March  1838,  a  quotation  from  Sir 
Philip  Francis  is  given  criticising  an 
expression  used  by  Tooke, "  Of  the  first 
he  is  silent,"  "  To  be  silent  of  a  thing ! 
O  thou  inexorable  judge  of  S.  Johnson. 
With  all  thy  grammar  thou  art  the 
poorest  always,   and    frequently  the 


*  See  State  Trials,  vol.  xxv.  p.  497,  and 
trial  of  H.  Tooke  by  Garney,  vol.  ii.  p« 

232, 


faultiest  writer  of  the  very  lauj 
you  hav€  studied  most."  . 

This  in  the  Magazine  is  mefel* 
precated  as  very  hard  upon  a  kii 
spirit  in  politics  (kindred  indci 
Had  the  writer  recollected  the  fol 
ing  lines  in  Milton,  he  would, 
doubtediy>  have  pronounced  it  U. 
very  silly. 

"  I  alone  first  undertook 
To  mog  the  desolate  abyss,  to  spy 
This  new  created  world,  whereof  m  hell 
Fame  is  not  nlent,** 

And  this  Sir  P.  Francis  (the 
pected  author  of  Junius),  in  his  ex 
nation  upon  Tooke's  trial,  deposed 
he  had  consulted  Tooke  upon  a  ] 
of  reform,  "  knowing  or  believing  j 
to  be  one  of  the  most  learned  men 
the  kingdom,  particularly  with  resp« 
to  the  points  to  which  that  plan  had  in- 
ference, namely,  the  antiquities,  the  his- 
tory, and  constitution  of  this  country/' 
vol.  ii.  p.  54. 

Here  we  have  Junius  consulting 
Parson  Home ! !  Sir  P.  Francis  con- 
sulting the  poorest  writer  of  the  very 
language  he  (said  poorest  writer)  had 
studied  most.  Sir  Philip,  however, 
had  more  modesty  than  Coleridge,  who  ^ 
thought  himself,  and  declares  that  he 
thought  himself,  a  Junius  and  Tooke 
combined.  R.  C. 

The  Register  of  Milton's  Second 
Marbiaoe. 

In  Dr.  Johnson's  Lives  of  the 
Poets,  Milton's  second  marriage  is 
noticed  thus : 

**  He  had  now  been  blind  for  some 
years,  but  his  vigour  of  intellect  was  such 
that  he  was  not  disabled  to  discharge  his 
office  of  Latin  Secretary,  or  continue  his 
controversies.  His  mind  was  too  eager 
to  be  diverted,  and  too  strong  to  be  sub- 
dued. 

**  About  this  time  his  wife  died  in 
childbed,  having  left  him  three  daughters. 

**  As  he  probably  did  not  much  love  her, 
he  did  not  long  continue  the  appearance 
of  lamenting  her ;  but  after  a  short  time 
married  Catharine  the  daughter  of  one 
Captain  Woodcock  of  Hackney,  a  woman 
doubtless  educated  in  opinions  like  his 
own.  She  died  within  a  year,  of  child- 
birth, or  some  distemper  that  followed  it, 
and  her  husband  honoured  her  memory 
with  a  poor  sonnet." 

This  marriage  took  place,  and  is  re- 
corded as  follows  in  the  Register  of 
the  Parish  of  St.  Mary  Aldermanbiiry# 
London. 


598  Aneierd  Geographt^^^Tntui  flmmts.'-^La  ManeeUhre.     fJime, 

Publications  and  Marriages  1656. 
"  The  agreement  and  intention  of  marriage  between  John  Milton,  Esq.  of 
the  parish  of  Margarets  in  Westminster,  and  Mrs.  Katharine  Woodcocke,  of 
Marys  in  Aldermanbury,  was  published  three  several  market  days  in  three 
several  weeks,  (viz.)  on  Monday  the  20th,  and  Monday  the  37th  of  October, 
and  on  M  onday  the  3rd  of  November ;  and  no  exceptions  being  made  against 
their  intentions,  they  were,  according  to  the  Act  of  Parliament,  marriA  the 
la^  of  November,  by  Sir  John  Dethicke,  Knight  and  Alderman,  one  of  the 
Justices  of  the  Peace  for  the  City  of  London." 


Ma.  UasAN,  April  20. 

THE  following  piece  of  conjectural 
criticism,  taken  from  a  French  anti- 
quary, affords  sufficient  proof  that 
ancient  geography  cannot  be  satisfac- 
torily elucidated  without  some  know- 
ledge of  the  places  in  question. 

In  the  Roman  geographical  tables  a 
river  in  the  north-western  part  of 
France  is  denominated  Testus  Flwius, 
Peutinger  has  given  the  name  thus; 
and  Dezauche,  Danville,  and  others, 
not  being  acquainted  with  the  locality, 
have  copied  his  nomenclature.  M. 
Poignand,  (Judge  at  the  Tribunal  of 
Montfort,)  considers  that  the  first  word 
should  be  printed  as  an  abbreviation, 
iest^,  i.  e.  iestaceusfluvius.  The  river 
which  is  so  called  in  ancient  geography, 
is  the  Couesnon,  a  little  stream  which 
divides  Normandy  from  B'ritany.*  In 
fact,  the  river  answers  exactly  to  this 
description ;  the  locality  (observes  M. 
Poignand)  will  sufficiently  indicate  to 
whoever  examines  it  that  the  word  is 
an  abbreviation,  for  at  its  mouth  it  is 
covered  with  shells.  The  error,  he 
further  remarks,  has  been  repeated, 
because  none  of  the  authors  above- 
mentioned  had  examined  the  matter 
themselves,  t 

M.  Poignand  derives  the  word 
Couesnon  from  the  Celtic,  Coen,  fine,^ 
and  aon  a  river.  This  etymology  may 
appear  fanciful,  and  the  difficulty 
would  be  endless  of  speculating  on 
the  derivation  of  a  Word  which  is  spelt 
in  six  other  wavs  in  old  documents, 
viz.  Coet-non,  Cosnon,  Coeno,  Coetnus, 
Cosnun,  Cotmun,  to  which  another 
name  may  be  added,  and  that  a  very 
dissimilar  one,   Lerra,     Such  is  the 

*  Erroneously  called  Coesoron  in  the 
iramlation  of  M.  Thierry's  Normau  Con- 
quest, vol.  i.  p.  27. 

f  Antiquit^8  Historiques  et  Monomen- 
tales,  Bvo.  Renues,  1820,  p.  111. 

t  Qy.  dear  ?  if  the  locality  wiU  admit 
of  it. 


statement  of  the  Abb^  Manet,  in  hii 
prize  essay  on  the  Bay  of  Cancale. 
He  mentions  that  this  river  has  chanaed 
its  course  since  the  inundation  which 
took  place  in  the  eighth  century.  Con« 
sequently  it  should  seem  that  the  limita 
of  the  adjacent  districts  are  altered, 
and  that  Mont  St.  Michel  would  dse 
have  been  included  in  Britany,  accord- 
ing to  an  old  rhyme,  which  the  Abb^ 
has  quoted, — 

"  Si  CoSsnon  a  fkit  folk, 
Si  est  le  Mont  en  Normandy." 

Which  may  be  thus  rendered,— 

''  The  wild  vagaries  CoSsnon  has  fday'd, 
A  part  of  Normandy  the  mount  have 
made." 

As  the  bay  into  which  the  river  flows 
was  formerly  covered  by  the  forest  of 
Sciscy,  it  is  possible  that  Coetwon  may 
be  the  proper  appellation,  since  Co^t  is 
the  Celtic  iox  forest.  Though  indeed, 
if  any  of  the  above-mentioned  appella- 
tives should  coincide  with  a  Welsh  or 
Breton  word  for  shell  or  shsU'fsh,  it 
would  be  entitled  to  a  preference,  in 
consequence  of  the  Roman  name  having 
had  that  meaning. 

While  1  am  on  the  subject  of  ety- 
mology, allow  me  to  ask  another 
question.  M.  Manet  mentions  a 
place  near  Dol  in  Britanny,  called 
la  Mancelikre,  in  the  parish  of  Baguer- 
picau ;  and  there  is  another,  of  the 
same  name,  marked  in  Herisson's  map 
of  Normandy  (in  the  Avranchin  and 
department  of  La  Manche),  which 
latter,  I  think  I  have  read,  gave  its 
name  to  a  prebend  in  the  cathedral  of 
Coutances.  What,  then,  is  the  mean- 
ing of  the  word  ?  Hie  word  Manaean 
(or  Mancel  in  old  French)  means  an 
inhabitant  of  the  province  of  Maine  : 
which  suggests  a  question,  whether 
these  places  were  colonbed  by  settlers 
from  diat  part  of  France  at  any  remote 
period.  The  family  of  Manael  are  itatod 
to  have  come  into  EngUmd  iviUi  the 


1840.] 


JMin  lines  by  Mr.  Surteei,  translated. 


Conqueror,  but  the  name  does  not 
usually  occur  in  copies  of  the  Battle 
Abbey  roll.     It  is  found,  however,  in 


one  of  Fuller's  lists,    printed   it 

Church  History,  from  Stow's  Chro 

Yours,  &c.    J.  T. ; 


Mr.  Urban, 

THE  following  Latin  lines,  written  on  the  early  death  of  a  favourite 
in-law,*  were  the  composition  of  the  late  Mr.  Surtees  of  Mainsforth,  an  o 
sional  contributor  to  your  Magazine.  Mr.  Taylor  has  given  them  to  the  ] 
lie  in  his  memoir  of  the  Author  prefixed  to  the  fourth  volume  of  the  His 
of  Durham,  just  published ;  and  I  have  attempted  a  translation  of  tl 
for  which  if  you  can  find  room,  you  will  honour. 

Yours,  &c.  W.  E,  Surteee 


*<  Amsenis  spatior  in  hortis 
Ssepe  lacrymis  obortisi 
Nam  prse  oculis  quicquid  ago 
Tristis  vertitur  imago 
Emmee — nomen  jam  amarum 
Msestum  semper,  semper  charum 
Heu  qukm  subita  proceli& 
Mea  periit  puella  I 
Rosa  velut  matutina 
Carpta  vesper!  pruin&. 
Heu  decus  fugax  et  inane 
Vitas  umbratilis  et  vanse  1 
Ergo  cespes  tegit  illam 
Tenuem  versamin  flavillam. 
Et  violas  et  rosam  vemam 
Dilectam  sparsi  super  urnam. 
Dis  florem  meam  spoliavit, 
Et  genus  pulvere  faedavit.*' 


T&ANSLATION  BY  W.  E.  SuRTEES,  ! 

In  vain  I  seek  amid  my  flowers 
The  calm  delights  of  former  years  fx- 

My  sunny  walks,  my  shady  bowers, 
Now  witness  but  my  firequent  tears* 

For  at  each  haunt,  whatever  I  do. 
Will  Emma's  image  still  appear— 

Emma!  a  name  how  saddening  now, 
Yet  through  all  time  to  me  how  dear  t 

Alas,  by  what  a  sudden  storm 
To  us  was  our  sweet  maiden  lost ! 

Thus  falls  the  yet  unfolded  form. 
Of  some  young  rose  beneath  the  frost. 

Alas  all  loveliness,  how  vain  I 

In  life,  that  fleets  with  shadowy  pace  I 

Else  earth's  dark  arms  would  not  con- 
The  ashes  of  so  bright  a  face,     [tain 

The  violet  and  the  rose  of  spring,        ' 
Fit  offerings,  I  have  strew'dfor  thee, 

Where  thou,  my  own  flower,  withering 
Return* st  to  dust  at  God's  decree. 


Mr.  Urban,     Chichester,  Feb,  9. 

THE  annexed  inscription  was  faith- 
fully copied  (March  30,  1835)  from  a 
monument  in  Racton  Church  in  the 
county  of  Sussex,  to  the  memory  of 
the  Gounter  family,  the  surviving 
daughter  and  heir  of  whom,  Frances 
Catharine,  became  the  wife  of  Wil- 
liam Legge,  second  Earl  of  Dartmouth, 
in  1754. 

Owing  to  the  perishable  quality  of 
the  stone,  several  words  are  totally  ob- 
literated; this  is  denoted  by  dots. 
Where  a  letter  was  left  and  legible,  it 
has   been  attempted  to  supply  what 


was  wanting  by  conjecture — marked 
by  parentheses.  Unfortunately,  the  date 
is  destroyed,  but  the  quaintness  of  the 
style  of  composition,  (of  which  it  is 
one  of  the  most  curious  specimens  I 
ever  met  with,)  renders  it  highly  proba- 
ble that  it  was  the  production  of  some 
pedant  of  King  James's  days.  I  have 
searched  Dallaway  in  vain.|  If  any 
of  your  readers  can  supply  what  is 
wanting  to  complete  this  curious  epi- 
taph, or  direct  me  to  the  proper  source 
of  information,  it  will  much  oblige 
Yours,  &c.  Old  Mortality.' 


*  Miss  Emma  Robinson  who  died  10  June  1815,  aged  21. 

t  **  You,  I  understand,  have  an  additional  interest  in  her  (Nature's)  productions,  by 
being  a  great  botanist."  Sir  Walter  Scott's  letter  to  R.  Surtees,  Esq.  of  Mains- 
forth, 12  Nov.  1816,  given  in  Mr.  Taylor's  Memoir  of  the  latter. 

t  Dallaway,  in  his  Rape  of  Chichester,  has  omitted  the  epitaph  altogether,  notwith- 
standing there  was  acopy  in  the  Burrell  MSS.  5699,  f.  603.  The  latter  has  enabled 
us  to  supply  some  words  to  the  copy  sent  by  our  correspondent,  distinguished  [thus] , 
though  in  other  parts  it  is  less  perfect  than  his.  Edit. 


600 


Cocker  the  Arithmetician.'^Preservaiion  ofEpHaphs.       [Jone^ 


Sabtus  Jacent, 
Quos  Torus  et  Uma  et  Marmor  sociarunt 
Unus,  Una,  Unum, 
(Joann)es  Counter,  Georgii  Militis  fil.  et  Joanna  u(xor)  (ejus) 

(Am)bo  olim 
[ob  amores]  mutuos,  conjugalem  castitatem,  liber (ot) 

geminata  sexus  utriusque  pignora  in  Tic 

hac,  ut  cum  illo  haec,  cum  hac  ille  ne 

morte  abjunxerint 

simuljam 

(a)brepti,  inter  equitandum  cadens  ille, 

ilia  inter  pariendum  denata  ;  ille  [annorum  ?]  armi  .  .  r 

.  .  .  nam  30mi  et  ilia  cum  28  lineam  attigisset 

setatis  quasi  meridie  occiduus 

una  posthac 

[revecturi]  cum  hie  communi  resurget  postquam  [Umen  ?] 

et  novo  totius  mundi  partu  ilia  rena8c(et) 

....  hinc  est  •  .  . 
[Si  quando  msestiss.  filii]  non  madent  ocul(i) 
[Hoc  ipsum  quod  posuit]  (n)on  lacryms  p  .  .  .  mari ....  [marm.  •  •  •  ?] 

The  pedigree  in  Dallaway's  Rape  of  daughter  of  [John]  Knight,  of  Cfaawtoo, 

Chichester  states  that  John  Gunter,  Hants ;   and  secondly  ....  daughter 

(ob.  V.  p.)  son  of  Sir  George  Gunter,  of  Bradshaw  Drew,   remarried  to  Sir 

(temp.  Jas.   I.)  married  first,  Joane,  Gregory  Norton,  Bart. 


Mr.  Urban,  May  6. 

IN  addition  to  the  very  interesting 
mor^eau  you  presented  to  your  readers 
in  the  last  number  of  your  Ma- 
gazine regarding  Edward  Cocker,  the 
penman  and  arithmetician,  I  may 
mention  that  Thomas  Heame,  in  a  let- 
ter to  Mr.  West,  preserved  in  MS. 
Lansd.  778,  fol.  60,  r^  asserts  that  he 
"  died  (in  very  mean  circumstances)  in 
the  King's  Bench."  This  accounts  for 
his  burial  at  St.  George's  South- 
wark.  Masscy's  article  contains  very 
little  information  regarding  his  per- 
sonal history,  being  for  the  most  part 
merely  an  enumeration  of  his  pub- 
lished works ;  he  adds,  however, 
that  the  most  curious  of  Cocker's 
manuscripts  were  procured  by  a  no- 
bleman at  a  high  price.  From  the 
sale  catalogue  of  Sir  Norton  Knatch- 
buU's  library,  it  is  difficult  to  say  whe- 
ther some  of  the  numerous  works  of 
Cocker  there  enumerated  might  not 
have  been  in  manuscript,  for  the  MSS. 
and  printed  books  are  placed  together ; 
if  so,  he  may  have  been  the  '*  Noble- 
man" referred  to  by  Massey,  and  the 
present  possessor  of  these  MSS.  is,  I 
believe,  unknown. 

Yours,  &c.    J.  O.  Halliwell. 


Mr.  Urban,  May  20. 

I   PERFECTLY   agree  with  your 
Correspondent  (p.450)  that  much  valu- 
able information  might  be  preserved 
5 


and  rendered  easily  accesaible,  if  the 
inscriptions  in  churche8,.charch>yardt, 
and  other  cemeteries,  were  collected 
into  one  receptacle,  commencing  with 
those  inscriptions  now  m,  or  aboot, 
churches  proposed  to  be  repaired,  en- 
larged, or  rebuilt.  For  I  have,  oo  tach 
occasions,  seen  many  costly  memo- 
rials wantonly  destroyed,  and  other 
illegal  misdemeanours,  if  not  sacri- 
lege, committed  by  the  parochial  aa- 
thorities  of  several  places,  among 
which  I  have  already  alluded  to  a  mar- 
ket-town on  the  Thames  in  Bucking- 
hamshire ;  not  to  mention  something 
very  lately  perpetrated  in  a  celebrated 
Abbey  much  nearer  to  you. 

These  inscriptions  would,  however, 
become  more  valuable  if  recorded  in 
some  uniform,  condensed  manner, 
shewing  only  their  useful  portions,  and 
omitting  all  bad  poetry,  and  common 
place  phrases  of  eulogy  or  regret 
For  such  a  skeleton  form  I,  there- 
fore, look  to  your  Correspondent; 
suggesting  to  him,  in  the  mean  time, 
that  the  precise  locality  of  the  memo- 
rial should,  by  some  method,  be 
stated,  as  also  that  of  the  interment ;  a 
very  necessary  point  when  not  covered 
by  the  memorial,  as  frequently  ocean 
in  the  interior  of  churches. 

Such  a  form,  well  matured,  might 
lead  to  a  better  mode  of  general  regis- 
tration than  that  ordered  by  Uie  recent 
statutes  on  this  subject. 


1840.] 


This  Preservation  of  Sepulchral  Monuments. 


appears  to  me  insufficient  in  many  par- 
ticulars  for  the  purposes  of  the  Gene- 
alogist or  Historian. 

Yours,  &c.     Plantaqbnet. 


Mr.  Urban,  May  4. 

I  WISH  to  draw  the  attention  of 
your  readers  to  a  subject  of  more  im- 
portance than  at  first  it  may  appear 
to  be. 

There  is  at  this  time  a  most  laudable 
disposition  abroad  for  the  improvement 
of  churches,  and  this  generally  leads 
to  the  repairing  of  the  monuments  in 
churches  so  fortunately  selected  for 
improvement.  I  beg  earnestly  to  re- 
quest that  every  clergyman  who  may 
happen  to  read  this  letter  will  seri- 
ously consider  the  purport  of  it. 

I  recommend  that  every  clergyman 
should   examine  the  monuments   and 
tablets  in  his  church,  and   ascertain 
who   are  the  representatives  of   the 
persons  commemorated  whose  monu- 
ments require  repairs.     If  he  will  then 
take  the  trouble  to  apply  to  the  parties, 
calling  their  attention  to  the  fact,  and 
appeal  to  the  duty  they  owe  to  their 
ancestors,  and  proba,bly  to  the  memory 
of  persons  whose  bounty  they  are  ac- 
tually existing  on,  I  am  certain  that  in 
many  instances  the  application  would 
lead  to  the    necessary   repairs.      No 
person  could  consider  the  communi- 
cation impertinent,  and  if  any  excuse 
be  considered  necessary,  a  reference  to 
this  published  letter  will  probably  be 
sufficient.     I  have  in  many   instances 
(without  being  a  clergyman,  or  having 
any  excuse  but  a  desire  for  the  pre- 
servation of  the  antiquities  and  national 
memorials  of  this  country,)  made  ap- 
plications which  have  been  not  only 
attended  to,  and  money  liberally  spent, 
but  ray  intimation  has  been  received 
with  expressions  of  gratitude. 


National  history  is  composed  < 
of  individuals.  If  one  application) 
nature  in  one  hundred  lead  to  the 
ration  of  a  decaying  monument,  w 
that,  in  this  great  empire,  tend  li 
to   the  preservation  of  our    nat 
historv,  and  I  am  certain  that  a  i 
greater  proportion  will  be  success 
Persons  living  at  a  distance  fr< 
memorials  of  their  ancestors,  wiiu 
most  serious  wish  to  preserve  tl 
procrastinate  unintentionally,  not 
fleeting  on  what  time  may  have  di 
since  they  last  saw  them,  until,  at 
dentally  visiting  their  ancient  ho 
they  find  the  monuments  gone  to  i 
or  so  far  going  to  decay  as  to  be  irre* 
parable.     If  my  letter  be   considered 
worth  attending  to,  it  will  lead  to  the 
improvement  of  many  churches — to  the 
employment  of    many  poor  working 
men — and    that  without  cost  to  the 
clergyman  or  parish  funds — and  I  am 
sure  it  must  gratify   every  good  man 
(with  the  means)  to  have  pointed  out 
to  him  an  opportunity   of  performing 
an  important  duty. 

I  venture  to  add,  as  somewhat  con- 
nected with  this  subject,  that  in  many 
churches  there  are  hatchments  without 
any  other  memorial  of  the  person 
commemorated;  the  descendants  would 
probably  have  them  cleaned  and  re- 
paired on  application,  and  I  recommend 
that  the  name  of  the  party  and  year  of 
death  be  distinctly  painted  on  the  mar- 
gin. The  restoration,  cleaning,  and  re- 
touching of  a  hatchment  will  cost  very 
little,  and  I  beg  to  remind  those  de- 
scendants that  the  respectability  and 
station  of  their  family  is  best  se- 
cured by  preserving  the  monuments  of 
their  ancestors  —  showing  ancient 
wealth  and  importance. 

Melford,  Svff,        Yours,  &c.  R.  A. 


THE  MUTILATED  EXCHEQUER  RECORDS. 

THE   Committee  of  the  House  of  ments  which  have  been  dispersed  oyer 

Peers  has  hitherto  made  no  Report  on  the   town.     For   the   first  we  are  in- 

this   subject:   but  we  are  enabled  to  debted   to    the   kindness   of    H.    W. 

continue  our   specimens  of  the  docu-  Diamond,  esq.  F.S. A. 

THE  postinge  Charges  of  Will'm   Davison,  Esquire,    beinge  sent   by  her 
Mat^«  into  Scottlande  in  special!  message  to  the  Kingc  ther  in  December  1582. 

For  X  post  horses  from  Lon-  For  x  post  horses  from  Ware 

don  to  Ware    i        t        »  zudiitf.  in}d,  to  Roystone     .        .        .     zzi«.  viij<7. 

to  two  guides      ...                ii«.  to  two  guides       .        .        .             zvjef. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII.              '  4H 


G02 


Thi*  Mutihtetl  Exchequer  Documents. 


[Jane» 


xijif. 


xiijjr.  iiijrl. 
xijr/. 
xij(/. 


XI IJ*. 


■  •  ■  •    « 

injff. 
xij</. 
x\yl. 

XV*. 

xij//. 
xijr/. 

xxir. 

Xijf/. 

xij^Z. 


To  tlip  constuhlp^  ftt  Waiv    . 
For  x  post  horsi's  from  Roy- 

htoii  to  Cixslon 
to  two  f^uitU's 

to  the  ronKtiihlcH  nt  Royston 
For  till*  likr  from  CftXKtoii  to 

lIuDtiui^ilim     . 

to  two  Kwi'^i'J* 

T«>  thf  coiirttablt'R  at  Caxston 

For  the  likt*  from  lluntinf^ttm 

to  Stilttm 
to  two  f^uidi's 

To  till'  n)nstabh»«  at  Huntinf^don 
For  X  ])opt  h»>rs«'s  from  Stilton 

to  Stamfordo     . 
to  wo  slides 

to  the  fonstahles  at  Stilton  . 
.  For  the  like  from   Stamfordo 

to  Witham       .         ,{tom)  [xiii».  iiijJ.] 
to  two  guides  (torn) 

to  the  eonstables  at  Stamforde 
For  the  like  from  Witham  to 

(irauntham 
to  two  guides 

to  the  constables  at  Witham 
For  the  like  from  Grauntham 

to  Newarke 
to  two  guides 
to  the  constables  at  Grauntham 
for  the  like  from  Newarke  to  Tuxforde  . . 
to  two  guides 

to  the  constables  at  Newark 
For  the  like  from  Tuxforde  to  Scrubie   . . 
to  two  guides  • . 

[to  the  ('on]  stalilcs  at  Tuxforde 
[For  the  like]  from  Scrubie 

to  Doncaster    ... 
[to  two  guides  •  • 

[to  the  constables  at  Scrubie 
[For  the  like  from  Doncaster 

to  Wetherbye  ...  • . 

[to  two  guides 
[to  the  consta])les  at  Doncaster  *] 


xiij«.  iiija.J 


[xiij*.  iiijrf.] 


For  the  like  from  Wetherbye 

to  Uorowbridgc        .         .      xiijf.  iiij<f. 
to  two  guides       .         .         .  jx\d. 

to  the  constables  at  Wetherby  zij^. 

For  the  like  from  Borrow- 

bridge  to  Allerton     . 
to  two  guides 

to  the  constables  at  Borrowbridge 
For  the  like  from  Allerton  to 

Derinton 
to  two  guides 

to  the  constables  at  Allerton 
For  the  like  from  Darinton  to 

Durraham        .        .         .  xxiijt. 
to  two  guides 

to  the  constables  at  Darinton 
For  the  like  from  Durrabmto 

Newcastell 
to  two  guides 

to  the  constables  at  Durrahm 
For  the  like  from  Newcastle  to 

Morpitt  .         • 

to  two  guides 

to  the  constables  at  Newcastell 
For  the  like  from  Morpitt  to  Anwicke  xz«. 
to  two  glides      .        .        .  xij<f. 

to  the  constables  at  Morpitt  •  zij</. 

For  the  like  from  Anwicke  to  Belfbrde  xzi. 
to  two  guides      .        •        .  xijcf. 

to  the  constables  at  Anwicke  .  xijif. 

For  the  like  from  Belforde  to  Barwicke  xz«. 
to  two  guides      .        •        •  xij  J. 

to  the  constables  at  Belforde  .  zijif. 

For  the  like  from  Barwicke 

to  Edenburghe         .         iij/.  yjt.  yiij J. 
for  the  charges  of  the  same 

tenne  horses  two  nights    •  zzt. 

to  two  guides       ...  ijt.  yjef. 

to  the  constables  at  Barwicke  zijif. 

Geaven  the  warders  at  Barwicke  kepinge 

(torn)  for  me  after  ther  hower  z#. 

The  some  {torti) y^d 


XTS. 

xij</. 
i\}d, 

zx«. 

zij</. 
xij<f. 

luja. 
xijif. 
xij<f. 

XZf. 

xijd. 
xij(f. 

xxt. 
xijif. 
xijcf. 


The  postingc  Charges  of  Will'm  Davison,  Esquier,  retourninge  out  of  Scott- 
land  in  April  1583. 


For  xi  post  horses  from  Eden- 

bourghe  to  Barwicke  iij/.  xiij«.  iiijrf. 
for  the  charges  of  the  same 

horses  two  nightes  .  xxij«. 

to  two  guides       .         .        .  ijj?.  vj(/. 

For  xi  horses  from  Barwicke 

to  Belford         .         .        .  xxij*. 


to  the  warders  and  porters  at 
Barwick  gates  . 

to  two  guides       .        .        • 

to  the  officers  for  providinge 
the  horses         .         .         • 

For  the  like  number  from  Bel- 
ford  to  Anwicke        •        • 


xzijt. 


[The  rest  it  is  unnecessary  to  transcribCt  as  Mr,  Davison  returned  by  the  same 
road  as  lie  iccntf  incurring  the  same  charges  except  the  additional  eOMt  ^  one  pott 

horse  f  as  he  employed  eleven  instead  often,'] 

Mony  disbursed  by  Wiirm  Davison,  esquier,  for  intelligence  and  other  spe- 
ciall  occasions  during  his  aboad  in  Scotland,  being  sent  in  December  1582  and 
returning  in  May  1583. 

First,  bestowed  uppon  Mr,  G.  Y.  for  sondry  copies  of  i'res  and  other  intel- 
ligence receyved  of  him  during  my  being  there.  •  •  •         T* 


*  These  lines  are  torn  off,  but  the  names  of  stages  are  sapplied  from  the  fooond  pert 
of  this  document. 


1 840. J  The  Mutilated  Exchequer  Documents.  603 

To  a  servant  of  the  Clerk  Register  secretly  employed  betwixt  his  Mr.  and 
mc,  all  the  tymc  of  my  being  in  Scotland,  and  for  sundry  copies  of  things  where 
I  used  his  labo'  .......         iij" 

Bestowed  on  a  gentleman  of  my  L.  of  Cowries  of  whome  1  received  divers 
speciall  advertisements  ......         iij^^ 

For  the  charges  of  my  servaunt  Burmct,  sent  twycc  into  Fife,  to  Mr.  Ja. 
M.  uppon  speciall  occasions     ......        xxx* 

Bestowed  uppon  a  kinsman  and  servant  of  the  said  Mr.  Ja.  sent  to  S*. 
Johnstone  uppon  the  convenc'on  there  between  Arran  and  certen  other  LL. 
and  afterwards  to  Carnyc  uppon  lyk  occasion  ....  iij" 

To  the  same  man  sent  afterwards  to  Sterling,  and  from  thence  to  Dunbretoa 
uppon  speciall  service  ..,..•  iij" 

For  a  paier  of  Bracelcttes  given  at  my  coming  away  to  the  bailif  of  A.  by 
whom  1  had  receyved  sondry  speciall  advices  touching  the  intents  and  pro- 
cedingsof  the  French  ......       {torn) 

Delivered  to  Rocquo  Bonnctti  w*^  the  previtc  of  M'.  Secretary  Walsingham, 
for  some  service  done  by  him  ......       (torn) 

To  one  of  the  garrison  of  Berwick,  sent  w**»  my  Tres  to  M'.  Bowes,  uppon 
my  Arryvall  at  Berwick  outwards        .....       {torn) 

To  an  other  of  the  same  garrison  sent  unto  him  in  lykc  sort  w***  my  I'rcs  from 
Berwick,  in  my  returnc  homewards     .....       {torn) 

(siynf^il)  Fra  :  Walsyxgham.    Sum*  totalis  xxxij"  vj»  [viij**] 

Jho  iho  Signature  of  \V.  Davison  teoj  apparently  added,  but  crated,  and  is 
now  warly  torn  off. 

Indorsed,  Mr.  Davisonnes  Rcconinge  for  his  iorncy  into  Scotlandc,  his  Intel- 
ligences xxxij"  vj*  viij**.  His  postinges  to  and  from  Scotland  lix  ".  And  the  re- 
niayne  of  his  diettes  to  pay  Ixxiiij'^     In  all  clxv''vij'  iiij**. 

In  another  hand,  Sol'  p.  Killigrcw  et  alio'  in  Termlo  Paschc  1583. 

In  Sir  Harris  NicolasN  Life  uf  Mr.  Secretory  Davison,  his  going  to  Scotland  at  the 
end  of  l.')>^ J  is  noticed  at  p.  Vi.  The  present  document  shows  that  he  returned  to 
Ki)i;Innd  in  the  following  April,  of  which  bis  biographer  was  not  aware ;  but  he 
iiiii.Ht  linvr  afterwards  gone  back  to  Scotland,  which  he  did  not  finally  leave  until  the 
until  tun  of  ir)'<4.  The  latter  items  exiiose  the  bribery  fur  intelligence  which  was  then 
))r:t('tiscd  ;  and  the  earlier  part  of  the  account  is  runous  as  exbibiting  the  mode  of 
tra\<'llin(;  post  in  the  reign  of  F^Iizabeth. — Some  other  documents  relating  to  DavisoOy 
which  were  sold  at  Sotheby's,  were  mentioned  in  p.  -!&.*>. 

Mk.  Urban,      I 'pper  \orton  Street,  of    payments    to    Vandyck   and    the 

IN  addition  to  the   IVtition  of  Kd-  sculptor  Le  Socur,  which  1  send   in- 

\\  Jiril  Cockir,  and  Order  for  payment  of  closed;  together  with  an  order  (also  im- 

.)(H)/.  to  Sir  Richard  Steele,  inserted  in  jicrfect)  for  the  payment  of  a  Free  Gift 

\ our  Magazine  for  last  month,  1  now'  to   Wcnceslaus  Hollar,    in  the    year 

.M'rul  you  copies  of  '^omc  other  Kxchc-  1(368. 

«|iur  papers  in  my  possession.     The         It  is  not  my  intention  to  take  any 

i.ettir  of  Sir  Robert  Long  (who  was  i>art  in  the  controversy  carried  on  in 

ihr  then  Chancellor  of  the  Kxcluquer,)  your  Magazine,  re»|K'cting  the  mode 

dati'd  :»th  July   l(><i5,  was  broken  in  of  s|>€lling   the    name   of    our  great 

two.  but  1  was  bO  fortunate  as  to  tind  I'oct;  but  it  may  not  be  uninteresting 

both  parts  among  the  mutilated  mass  to  your  readers  to  seethe  fragments  of 

o(  papers.    The  other,  of  which  1  send  the  accounts   of  one    **  John  Shake- 

\ou   an  extract,   is  in    three   pieces,  speare"   the  royal    bitmaker,  in   the 

loll  11(1  by  me  at  different  periods  ;  there  year  1621. 

an-  -till  two  jwrtions  wanting.     Both         When    I    sent    you    the    copy    of 

l.rtlrrs  were  written  whilst  thi- plague  Cocker's    Tctition    I    oui;ht    to   have 

wa-.  ra«ing  in  London.  statrd  that  at  the  loot  of  the  original. 

Among  "the  Iragmenls  I   fount!  part  which  ifi  a  most  beautiful  siieciiuen  of 

ut  a  leaf  of  a  book  cuntaiDing  entiiea  peumaiuhip,  theic   appears  to   have 


604  The  MutUaied  Exchequer  Daeumenis.  [June, 

been  a  certificate  or  recommendation  tertain  no  doubt  of  the  certificate  bav- 
in  support   of   Cockcr'B   pretensions  ing:  been  in  the  handwriting  of  Sir 
and  talent  as  an  artist ;  tlio  whole  of  Philip  Warwick,  some  of  whose  Let- 
which,  except  a  few  words,  has  been  ters  have  also  been  rescued  by  me. 
torn  off,  but  from  what  remains  I  en-  Yours,  &c.     Robert  Colx. 


John  Shakespeare,  Bitmaker,  demandeth  [allu]wancc  by  vertue  of  a  War- 
rant for  [his  Ma*'*"]  Stable,  dated  the  ixvij*^  of  September  1621,  for  these 
parcels  follow  inge. 

[For  fortie-fiv]e  Watringe  Bits  at  X*  per  peece    ....  xxij^x* 

[For  thirtie]  paire  of  guilte  Bosses  at  xi*  p.  pare                 .         .  xxx'* 
[For  twentic  wa]tring  Snaffols  at  iij>  iiij^  p.  peece               .           iij''  vj*  viij^ 

[For  twentie  Bits]  w*  guiite  Bosses  at  xxx*  p.  peece                       .  xxx^ 

[For  twentie]  watringc  bits  at  x'l'y  vj**  p.  jieece     ....  xij''  x* 

w' cast  and  graven  bosses             ....  iiij" 

[For  foure  watjringc  Bits  at  xij'  p.  peece ij^  iiij* 

with  cast  and  guilte  bosses           ....  ii/' 

[For  twelve]  watringe  Bits  at  xij»  p.  peece          ....  vij^  iiij* 

[For  twentic-fuure  b]yts  w*  guilte  bosses  at  xvij»  iiij'*  peece         .  xx'*  xvj* 

[For  twelve  watrin]ge  Bits  at  xij»  p.  peece         ....  vij"  iiij' 

[For  eighteen]  bits  at  iij' iiij' p.  peece 3" 

[For  twenty-four  bi]t8  at  vj*  viij<' p.  peece         ....  viij** 

Torn  away  par]ticuler  Parte. 
Snafllcs  at  ij<'  p.  dosen         xx*' 

There  are  several  other  items,  hut  the  particulars  of  them  are  nearly  torn  away. 

The  total  of  the  bill  amounts  to  the  large  sum  of  302/.  1  Is.  8d. 

Another  fragment  is  still  more  imperfect ;  but  we  gather  from  it  this  information, 
that  these  handsome  accoutrements  were  Kometimes  made  for  presents.  The  two  first 
items  in  the  second  fragment,  which  also  belongs  to  the  year  l()21,are  for  six  bitts 
guilte  and  graven  with  the  armes  of  Denmark,  and  for  six  watringe  Bitts  at  iij*  iiy*' 
p.  ])eece  for  [the  King  of  De]nmarkc  ;  the  next  for  foure  riche  B[o8ses  ?]  silvered,  at 
v'^  p.  [peece]  and  eight  watringe   [Bitts]   at  i^*  iiij*' p.  peece  for  •  .  .re   .  .  .oles; 

and  the    remaining  two    for    two    Snaffles  at    iij and   for    three    silver 

and  gu[ilte ]  cast  and  graven  bosses  for  [  ?  Longujevile. 

The  existence  of  tliis  John  Sliake8()eare  has  been  noticed  by  Mr.  Collier  in  his 
Annals  of  the  Stni^e,  vol  ii.  pp.  4«,  a5 ;  where  he  has  given  some  extracts  from  the 
account  books  of  Sir  Humjthrey  Mildmay,  in  which  the  name  occurs,  and  has  noticed 
a  privy  seal  of  the  13th  Car.  I.  (11)37)  which  directed  the  payment  of  1,6*99/.  lU. 
to  **  Mary  Shakespeare,  widow  and  executrix  of  John  Shakespeare,  our  late  Bitt- 
maker  deceased." 


Brooke.      His  Remaync  ended  Sc'do  August!  1637 

Receipts  usq'  primu  Scptembr'  1(337 
0     0  New  Imposic'ons 

6    8  Small  farmes. 


(Payments,  in  another  hand.) 
To  Thomas  Mynnc,  Esq.,  knight  Harbinger,  part  of .  .  .  . 
0.  4.  for  lodgeings  taken  upp  in  Westm',  for  the  Serv  .   .  . 

of  the  Prince  Elector,  and  Prince  Rupert 

To   Francis   Browne,  Administratrix  to  Richard 
Browne,  under  (torn) 

On  the  head  of  the  other  side — 
.     .     .     Sc'do  Augusti  1C37  171.     9.     4, 

Scptembr'  1('»37 


used  in  gildingc  and  silver  diagroascd,  &c.  ^ 

Deane  Forrest  ^^^99- 


2.     4, 


1840.]               The  MuHUdei  SMheqn^  Domm&iii.  60S 

{Pap»etU$.) Sir  Ant]liODyVuidil»Kii' put  of  1900*  fori  3QQ^ 

.'.'*..' le  Seiir,  Sculptor,  tmxt  of  730^      l  ^nn 

Statoet  and  Inuiga  ) 

79.  1.  8. 

Now,  it  would  have  been  particaUrly  interesting  to  haTo  known  what  were  the 
uurk8  of  art  for  which  the  illastrioos  men  abovementioned  received  payment.  The 
unly  known  productioni  of  Hubert  le  Soeor  remahdn|[  in  Alt  oonntrj  are  the  mm 
triau  8Utue  of  Charles  the  First  at  Charing  Cross,  whidi  he  made  at  the  charge  ei  the 
Karl  of  Arundeli  not  of  the  King ;  and  his  brasen  statne  of  William  EaH  of  Finbroke 
ut  Oxford. 

After  our  hearty commendaciont  By..... • 

generall  Letters  patents  dormant  dated  the  eigfa 

September  One  thoosand  six  hundred  and 

-  ance  of  his  Mat'  order  in  Cooncell  of  the 

instant  These  are  to  pray  and  require  you 

Orders  for  paym*  of  the  some  of  fifty  pounds 

Hollar  his  Mat*  Stenographer  or  hb  Atsi ••  • 

of  his  Mat*  free  guift  and  Royall  Bounty 

some  services  by  him  performed  for  his  M. ...  • 

the  same  to  be  payed  unto  him  out  of  the. 

uounds  payable  into  the  Receipt  of  the  Ex.... 

Napper,  Esq.  Receiver  of  hia  Mat^  Rev 

of  Cornwall  as  soe  much  by  him  received 

Widow  in  the  name  and  nature  of  a  Fine .  .. 

Estate  in  a  certaine  Tcnem*  in  the  maonoF 

said  County  and  for  toe  doing  this  ih 

Whitehall  Treiry  chamb^.  the  twen 

One  thousand  six  hundred  sixty  eif^t 

(*  Monk  Duke  of  Albemarle.)  *  Ai.b.... 
(•  •  Lord  Ashley.)  •  •  A.. 


>  •  a 


LXTTXaS   OP  8ia    aOBSRT  LONQ,   CBAXfCXLLOB   OP  THB  IXCUqVU. 

"  Mr.  BuROBSt 
"  1  have  signed  a  new  debentnr  for  Mr.  Kirk,  though  it  doe  nol  appeare  hf 
the  reraayne  that  the  tenths  of  Cbeeter  to  answer  the  iame  art  in  the  Bi» 
chequer ;  pay  it  out  of  that  money  and  noe  other,  and  eancall  the  iatmm 
dcbentur.  1  send  you  a  debentur  for  100/.  for  Tom  Killigrew  upon  hia  pentini 
uf  400/.  It  must  be  paid  to  Mrs.  Rose,  my  Lady  KiUigrew's  nayde,  and  to 
noe  other ;  lett  her  have  it  when  the  comet  for  it.  This  it  tht  saeond  lOOL 
and  intreat  Mr.  Wardo'  from  me  to  Utth  (qu.  let?)  thit  patte  w*^  thall  bt  Uw 
last.  1  have  signed  200*  for  Emgen ;  tell  him  it  it  all  I  can  doe  and  all  henniit 
expect  at  this  tyme.  I  have  signed  900  for  Moitiant,  upon  Aug.  cotloawt*  I 
have  signed  Solbies  order  of  250*.  tenths  of  Winton.  1  have  signed  tht  lathw 
order  and  Mr.  Wardo"  of  20*.  and  by  the  Remayne  you  will  see  how  theflMmay 
is  to  be  taken.  I  have  signed  Vaux  hit  order  to  the  Thr*er  of  the  ChiuBbtr  Ibt 
352  1  4  and  I  looli  to  have  feet  for  it,  being  for  a  particular,  at  yoo  know  tha 
(  offerer  payes  fees  when  he  receyvet  for  S'  W".  Wale  and  other  particulart ;  dot 
you  take  care  to  admit  it  upon  the  Thr'cr  of  the  chambers  atsignem*  of  y*  rojfall 
ayd  according  to  the  warrant.  1  have  signed  28  16  3  for  Mrt.  Caninghaoi, 
w'''  in  all  she  is  to  expect  at  this  tyme.  I  nave  signed  300*  to  y*  Thr'er  of  y* 
chamber  for  y*  maundy.  I  have  signed  140  11  3  for  Walker  the  Usher  upon 
my  lord  Ashleys  letter  w<^  1  send  to  you.  Send  me  debentnrt  for  the  oOotft 
of  the  worket,  and  of  the  tents  and  toylcs,  but  puU  dowme  aee  tmmme,  ta^f  9tii 
brlow  hnw  sMicA  ii  U  a  yeure  oad  ktm  km§  hekmd,  W^  mk  eittjti  la  dU  tMtwimm 
ri'ffularlif.  The  talley  should  be  strooke  upon  the  Grcenwax,  upon  the  oldest 
arere,  unless  we  had  my  lordThr'er's  warrant  to  doc  otherwise;  andtoenrowla 
my  lady  Villar's  patent  and  to  make  allowance  of  soe  moch  ycarely  of  that 
rent  at  tbaiiappcace  by  her  acquittaacet  to  have  btcat  paid  toker}  bat  al 


€06  The  Mniilated  Exchequer  Documenis,  {June, 

this  tvme^  when  wc  want  money,  1  leave  it  to  yoa  and  Mr.  Ward  to  doe  as 
you  shall  thinkc  fitt.  S'  W°>  Swan  having  all  his  areres  assigned  upon  tenths 
of  Salisbury  or  other  dioces,  advertise  me  how  much  y  whole  comes  to. 

"  I  pray  use  all  possible  care  to  preserve  yourselves  and  my  house.  Send  for 
things  to  bume,  and  make  use  of  them  dayly.  Lett  noe  body  stirre  oat,  nor  any 
suitors  come  into  the  house  or  office.  Lett  every  one  take  every  morning  a 
little  London  treacle,  or  the  kirnell  of  a  walnutt,  with  5  leaves  of  rue,  and  a 
grayne  of  salt,  beaten  together  and  rosted  in  a  figg,  and  soc  eaten  ;  and  never 
stirre  out  fasting.  Let  not  the  porter  come  into  the  house ;  take  all  coarse 
you  can  agaynstthe  ratts,  and  take  care  of  the  catts ;  the  little  ones  that  will 
not  stirre  out  may  be  kept,  the  great  ones  must  be  kild  or  sent  away. 

"  Rob.  Long. 
Indorsed,  My  Masters  L're  "  July  5th  1665." 

5th  July  1665. 

"Mr.  Burges, 

"  I  have  obtcyned  an  order  of  Councell  for  a  proclamation  to  remove  the 
Exchequer  from  Westminister  to  the  Queenes  house  at  Nonsuch.     I  send  yoa 
the  order  and  the  substance  of  the  proclamation  by  w*^  it  must  be  done.     Lett 
Bembow  carry  both  to  Mr.  SoIlicito^  who  is  at  his  house  neere  Kensington, 
and  gctt  the  proclamation  drawne  up,  that  we  may  have  the  King's  hand  and 
great  scale  before  the  remoovc  of  the  Court  if  it  be  possible,  w'^  will  be  upon 
Thursday  next,  soe  that  we  have  but  this  day  and  too  morrow.     Be  preparing 
all  things  for  the  remoovc,  and  in  the  meane  tyme  take  care  of  yourselves ;  and 
to  the  end  you  may  remoove  securely,  I  will  send  barges  from  here  to  bring 
up  all  things  by  water  to  Kingston,  and  carts  to  carry  them  from  thence  to  the 
great  house  at  Nonsuch.*    I  have  likewise  a  warrant  from  my  lord  Thr'er  to 
the  officers  of  the  workes  to  fitt  up  some  roomes  in  that  house  (w^^  is  something 
ruinous)  for  this  purpose,  and  care  shall  be  taken  for  a  guard  for  the  security 
of  the  King's  money.     Make  sufficient  provision  of  paper  and  other  things  for 
o'  use.    Mr.  Packer's  brother  was  Sunday  at  Hampton  Court,  and  will  provide 
all  things  if  desired.  Write  over  this  paper  of  the  substance  of  the  proclamation 
and  add  to  it  what  shall  be  further  necessary  and  then  send  it,  and  the  order 
of  councell,  and  send  both   to  Mr.  Sollicito' ;  that  if  it  be  possible  it  may  be 
dispatched  to  be  heere  tomorrow.   I  have  a  warrant  from  my  lord  Thr'er  to  draw 
up  an  order  for  200^  vpon  the  gcncrall  dormant  privy  scale  to  be  paid  to  you  for 
the  charge  of  the  remoovc,  but  cspetially  for  the  fitting  the  roomes  heere  by  the 
officers  of  the  workes.     1  have  for  expedition  drawne  up  th^  order  heere  as 
well  as  I  could  and  have  sent  it  to  my  Lord  Thr'er  and  Lord  Ashley." 

Here  follow  nome  directions  on  official  matlergf  in  the  handwriting  of  another 
person  .■  a  quarter  of  the  sheet  is  then  wanting ^  having  been  torn  off;  indeed  the  letter 
originallg  consisted  of  five  sides  of  foolscap  ^  hut  two  quarter  sheets  have  been  broken 
qj^;  in  what  remains  is  the  following  : 

"  You  know  y*  I  sent  10^  to  y*  parrish  when  I  came  away,  3'  for  >*  worke 
house  and  5'  for  y*  visited  ;  and  thcirforc  I  pray  Ictt  mec  know  if  y^  rate  bee  sett 
upon  mec  equally  w***  y*  Tellers  and  others.  1  intended  to  send  5'  more  to  y* 
parridh  for  y'  visited,  but  since  they  tax  mc  soc  hey  (high)  1  will  send  my 
charrity  cUcwheare,  for  w*^^  I'll  give  you  direction  in  my  next  Letter,  though  I 
intended  itt  out  of  y^  30'  if  y*=  bill  had  bin  paid. 

"  July  25.  Rob.  Long." 

Indorsed,  My  Masters L' re  25  July  16C5. 


*  Rc.Hprctingtlic  removal  of  the  Exchequer  to  Nonsuch,  see  the  account  of  that  palace 
in  our  Magazine  for  Au|i^.  1^;{7f  vol.  VIJL  p.  143,  where  some  passages  in  the  diaries 
9f  Evelyn  and  Pcpys  relating  to  this  subject  arc  quoted. 


607 


RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW. 


Zmmermann's  Aphorisms  and  Reflections,  12mo.  London,  1800. 

THE  work  of  Zimmermann  on  Solitude,  has  so  completely  establishet 
author's  reputation,  as  to  obscure  the  other  productions  of  his  pen.   His  i 
risms,  which  were  first  published  in  this  country  in  1800,  contain  soi 
remarks,  of  which  some  specimens  are  given  below,  but  they  do  not  pmw 
habits  of  thinking  in  so  estimable  a  point  of  view  as  the  Solitude.     The  ) 
ability  which  characterises  that  work  disappears  in  a  great  measure,  or 
loyed  by  ascerbity,  and  by  a  more  than  freedom  of  opinion  which  we  st 
hardly  have  expected  to  find.     It  is  possible  that  the  melancholy  tendencii 
his  disposition  may  have  impaired  the  moral  as  well  as  the  mental  quali 
The  former  supposition  is  suggested  by  some  of  his  Aphorisms  ;  the  lattei 
too  evident  from  his  own  history.     When  the  French  entered  Hanover,  dui 

the  revolutionary  war,  he  was  persuaded  that  their  object  was  to  destroy  * 

residence,  an  idea  which  became  dominant  amid  all  the  symptoms  of  his  hy« 
pochondriac  disorder.  It  is  painful  to  add,  that  he  died  in  a  state  of  premature 
decrepitude  in  1798.  His  constitution  was  certainly  of  a  melancholy  cast,  but 
the  evil  was  aggravated  by  the  bad  health  of  his  wife  and  children,  and  per- 
haps by  a  double  want  of  firmness  in  meeting  his  afflictions,  and  of  patience  in 
supporting  them. 

The  following  passages,  as  is  already  said,  are  taken  from  the  Aphorisms^ 
and  they  are  some  of  the  most  favourable  specimens. 


**  Gain  a  firiend  by  a  quarrel,  if  it  is 
possible ;  never  lose  one,  however,  this  is 
possible  ;  for  there  is  a  peculiar  mode  of 
conduct  even  when  dissention  reigns,  that 
commands  veneration,  and  generates 
esteem. 

The  more  you  speak  of  yourself,  the 
more  you  are  likely  to  lie. 

Always  to  speak  what  you  think  is  the 
way  to  acquire  the  habit  of  thinking,  and 
acting  with  propriety. 

The  strongest  instance  of  friendship,  or 
of  disinterestedness,  shall  be  the  least  re- 
garded, if  it  thwarts  our  wishes,  or  crosses 
our  inclinations. 

Excellent  is  the  advice  of  the  poet 
Shenstone,  whatever  situation  in  life  you 
wish  or  propose  to  yourself,  acquire  a 
clear  and  lucid  idea  of  the  inconveniences 
attending  it. 

To  please  those  who  have  antipathies 
against  us,  is  almost  impossible. 

A  youth  introduced  suddenly  into  life, 
feels  as  awkwardly  as  one  immersed  for 
the  first  time  in  water,  and  the  chances 
are  that  he  sinks  as  soon. 

Silence  is  the  safest  response  for  all  the 
contradiction  that  arises  from  imperti- 
nence, vulgarity,  or  envy. 

Disguise  reproof  in  a  question  ;  let  it 
not  follow  the  offence  too  rapidly,  and 
utter  it  in  a  mild  tone. 

Opinionatrety  and  contradiction  have 
not  inaptly  been  compared  to  paper-kites ; 


they  only  keep  up  while  you  pull  against 
them. 

One  of  the  greatest  instances  of  cruelty, 
is  to  require  what  you  condemn. 

There  is  a  mode  of  presenting  that 
gives  a  value  to  anything. 

Insure  your  own  pleasure  by  pleasing 
others. 

Ill-directed  activity  of  mind  has  pro- 
duced all  those  great  national  disorders 
that  society  so  feelingly  deplores. 

When  the  ceremonies  of  a  religion  are 
scoffed  at,  or  its  ministers  despised,  it 
will  not  be  long  before  its  principles  will 
be  detested. 

When  the  good  assemble,  they  are  in  a 
fair  way  to  grow  better. 

It  is  infamous  to  allow  pre-entertained 
opinions  to  sway  more  than  facts. 

He  will  do  great  things,  who  can  avert 
his  words  and  thoughts  from  past  irreme- 
diable evils. 

As  you  treat  your  body,  so  your  house, 
your  domestics,  your  enemies,  your 
friends :  your  dress  is  a  table  of  your 
contents. 

Between  passion  and  lying  there  is  not 
a  finger's  breadth. 

Who  has  many  wishes,  has  generally 
but  little  will.  Who  has  energy  and  will, 
has  few  diverging  wishes. 

It  is  fruitless  to  chide,  if  you  smile  ;  or 
threaten,  if  you  do  not  enforce ;  children 


608 


Rrtrospectivb  Rrview. 


[Jane, 


will  discover  and  take  advantage  of  this 
weakness,  .so  ohvious  and  resistible  is  it. 

Advice  is  sure  to  be  relished,  if  you 
can  contrive  to  echo  the  sentiments  of 
those  who  seek  it. 

The  instant  our  successor  is  fixed,  we 
look  upon  him  with  secret  infelt  detes- 
tation. 

Keep  all  disappointments  to  yourself; 
trust  him  who  has  deceived  you  do  oftener 
than  you  can  help. 

Sincerity  is  indicative  of  an  exalted 
mind. 

Lavater  insists  that  we  should  not  say 
we  know  another  entirely,  till  we  have  di- 
Tided  an  inheritance  with  him. 

Anger  continued  terminates  in  revenge  ; 
and  by  calling  up  the  anger  of  the  oppo- 
fite  party,  converts  a  temporary  disagree- 
ment into  an  everlasting  hatred. 

The  Atheist's  only  hope  ceases  where 
the  Christian's  strongest  hope  begins. 

Occasionally  declare  your  principles, 
lest  what  you  are,  and  wish  to  be,  should 
be  liable  to  dubiety,  or  misinterpreta- 
tion. 

Under  the  banners  of  patriotism,  most 
revolutionists,  or  reformers,  have  enlisted 
for  their  own  advancement ;  yet  these  very 
reformers,  in  their  cry  for  reformation, 
always  faroel  themselves  [i.  e.  to  reform 
themselves]. 

There  are  few   mortals  so    insensible 
that  their  affections  cannot  be  gained  by 
mildness,   their  confidence   by  sincerity, 
their  hatred  by  scorn  or  neglect. 

[It  is  observable,  that  in  this  passage 
Zimmcrmann  says  rniidnesft,  and  not 
kindnesx,  Ditl  he  mean  to  lay  a  stress  on 
manner,  rather  than  on  actions  ?  for  cer- 
tainly it  is  the  more  winning  of  the  two, 


and  perhaps  one  reason  is,  that  it  does  not 
lay  us  under  the  same  obligations.] 

He  observes  at  p.  291,  that  *  all  defen- 
sive causes  must  be  good.*  This  b  not 
true,  in  an  absolute  sense,  but  perhaps  he 
meant,  that  sympathy  is  always  upon  their 
side.  For  this  reason,  in  disputes  with 
others,  we  should  be  careful  not  to  make 
thfirft  the  defensive  cause. 

Those  who  refuse  to  risk  an  eaconnter 
with  ingratitude,  will  never  become  ex- 
tensively benevolent. 

In  proportion  to  hope  and  pride,  is  the 
pain  that  refusal  gives. 

Women  must  be  gained  by  degrees,  if 
they  are  wooed. 

Me  that  takes  credit  [i.  e.  from  a 
tradesman]  confesses  his  poyerty. 

It  requires  much  consideration  to  deter- 
mine on  the  dissipation  of  agreeable  or 
consoling  illusions. 

Before  a  reputation  is  established,  il 
passes  through  all  the  gradatory  shades 
from  black  to  white. 

Rejoice  in  the  enemies  you  have,  if 
they  arc  good  ;  curse  the  friends  you  may 
possess,  if  they  are  specious. 

Economy  appears  to  be  nearly  allied  to 
-  probity. 

Those  who  speak  with  the  greatest  pre- 
cision have  the  fewest  ideas  ;  those  whose 
ideas  are  most  numerous,  are  most  con- 
fused. 

Probable  obstacles  and  possible  acci- 
dents, should  always  be  taken  into  calcu- 
lation. 

It  is  )>ossible  to  infuse  such  candour  in 
your  refusal  that  the  disappointed  will 
not  murmur. 

Neglect  yourself,  and  you  will  neither 
be  respected  or  respectable." 


A  few  extracts  from  Lavater's  Aphorisms  arc  introduced  into  this  volame, 
from  which  the  following  are  selected. 


*•  He  knows  nothing  of  man,  who  ex- 
pects to  convince  a  determined  party-man. 

The  wrath,  that  on  conviction  subsides 
into  mildness,  is  the  wrath  of  a  generous 
mind. 

He  submits  to  be  seen  through  a  micro- 


scope, who  suffers  himself  to  be  caught 
in  a  fit  of  passion. 

He  who  reforms  himself,  has  done 
more  to  reform  the  public,  than  a  crowd 
of  noisy  impotent  [impudent?]  patriots.*' 


The  following  sentence  is  quoted  from  Voltaire.  "  La  chute  de  rhomme 
d^genere  est  lo  fondcment  de  la  theologie  de  prcsque  toutes  les  anciennes  na- 
tions." It  is  a  remarkable  admission,  and  is  entitled  to  the  same  weight  as 
Cicero's  famous  argument,  *'  Consensus  omnium  populorum  probat  Deura 
esse."  Cydweli. 


1840.] 


609 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


Spain  under  Charles  the  Second;  or 
Extracts  from  the  Correspondence  of 
the  Hon.  Alexander  Stanhope,  Bri- 
tish Minister  at  Madrid,  1690 — 
1699.  From  the  Originals  at  Che- 
vening,     Lond.  8vo.  1840,  pp.  ]73. 

SPAIN  under  Charles  II.  was  a  na- 
tion in  the  very  depth  of  degradation  ; 
the   King   sickly  and  imbecile ;     the 
court  venal  and  full  of  intrigues  ;  the 
ministers  without  ability;  the  public 
measures  mere  temporary  expedients 
for  raising  money ;  the  people  ignorant, 
priest-ridden,  starving,  and  rebellious. 
This   volume   contains   extracts   from 
the  correspondence  of  the  Hon.  Alex- 
ander Stanhope,  the  youngest  son  of 
the   first    Earl    of   Chesterfield,   and 
British    minister    at     Madrid     from 
1689  to  1699,  selected  with  a  view  of 
exhibiting  the  state  of  that  unhappy 
country,  and  we  have  no  doubt  that 
Lord  Mahon,  its    skilful  editor,   has 
made  a  judicious  selection.     The  pe- 
riod, although  interesting  with  a  view 
to  subsequent  incidents  of  vast   mo- 
ment in  European  history,  was,  in  it- 
self, singularly  devoid  of  great  events, 
and  the  following  extracts  will  pove 
to  what  a  state  of  misery  and  degrada- 
tion    "  manifold  corruptions  and  long 
continued  misrule"  will  reduce  even 
the  greatest  empires. 

The  French  had  invaded  Catalonia, 
and  several  fortified  places  had  fallen 
successively  into  their  hands,  when, 
early  in  1694,  the  Court  of  Madrid 
pretended  to  bestir  itself,  and  great 
levies  were  talked  of. 

"  What  they  may  do  in  the  pro- 
vinces/* writes  the  Ambassador,  **  I  know 
not:  but  have  seen  in  Madrid,  that  in 
four  months'  time  they  have  not,  with 
all  their  diligence,  been  able  to  get  a 
thousand  men,  though  they  are  beating 
the  drums  every  day;  for,  as  fast  as 
new  ones  come  in,  the  former  run  away ; 
and  of  them  that  at  any  time  march 
out  of  town,  I  am  assured  that  always 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol,  XIII. 


about  one  half  of  them  drop  off  before  i 
reach  Catalonia,  and   that  by  consen 
their  officers,  having  listed  them  only 
those  terms,  to  make  a  show  in  marc! 
out  of  town.     In  short,  nothing  of  g< 
can  be  expected  hence  either  by  land 
sea.     The  Spanish  armada  is  never  rex 
to  go  out  till  mid-August,  and  then  c 
not  keep  the    sea    above    fifteen    da 
without  going  into  some  port  to  careoH 
and  refit."  (p.  41.) 

The  results  verified  the  Ambassa- 
dor's anticipations.  On  the  30th  of 
May  1694,  we  learn — 

''  The  French  and  Spanish  armies  lie 
in  sight  of  each  other  near  Gerona ;  only 
a  river  between  them.  Though  the  French 
are  much  more  numerous,  yet  the  Spanish 
contemn  them,  and  seem  resolved  to  fight. 
I  fear  they  will  suddenly  be  disabused  by 
their  success,  though  they  are  of  the  opi- 
nion in  general  that  one  Spaniard  can 
beat  three  GavachosJ'^* 

A     battle    ensued     in    which    the 
Spaniards  were    defeated  with  great 
loss,  and  their  ill- success,  which  was 
attributed   to  the   new   raised  horse, 
(p.  47,)  placed  the  whole  country  at  the 
mercy  of  the  French,  who  "  destroyed 
and  burnt "  wherever  they  came.    On 
the  21st  June  they  sat  down  to  the 
siege  of  Gerona,  (p.  49,)  which  sur- 
rendered on  the  30th,  (ibid,)  and  "  as 
never  any  place  defended  itself  worse, 
so    never  any   surrendered   on   more 
infamous  conditions.  .  .  .  These  dis- 
asters coming  so  thick  and  no  visible 
remedy  appearing,  had  raised  a  very 
high   ferment   in    the   minds   of   the 
people  here,"  [in  Madrid,]  but  upon 
the  arrival  of  a  British   squadron  on 
their  coasts,    "all  that  fear  is  now 
over,   and  joy  appears  in  all  counte- 
nances." (pp.   50,    51.)    The  English 
fleet,  however,  could  do  no  more  than 


*  A  nickname  for  the  French  in  Spain; 
it  was  much  used  in  the  War  of  Inde- 
pendence. 

4  I 


610 


Review.— Spain  under  Charles  the  Second, 


[JqiMf 


secure  the  coast,  whilst  all  the  inland 
country   was    at    the   mercy  of   the 
French,  who  successively  captured  all 
the  fortified  towns  before  which  they 
set  themselves  down.  On  the  approach 
of  winter  the  English  fleet  retired,  and 
the  war  lingered.      In  the   spring  of 
1695,     the    Catalan     peasants     took 
arms,  and  their  undisciplined  valour, 
exerting    itself    in   defence    of   their 
homes,  effected  much  more  than  their 
government  had  been  able  to  accom- 
plish.   The  French  were  kept  at  bay 
until  the  summer  of  1697,  when  the 
Due  de  Vendome  marched   suddenly 
upon    Barcelona,   and  after  a   sharp 
siege  procured  possession  of  that  im- 
portant city.     This  success  seemed  to 
pave  the  way  for  the  dismemberment 
of    the  Spanish   monarchy,    but  the 
course  of  French  ambition  was  sud- 
denly turned  into  another  channel  by 
the  alarming   illness  of  the  sovereign 
against  whom  they  were  contending. 
The  prospect  of  his  death,  which  had 
been  regarded  as  an  event  far  distant, 
and    the    probable    succession  of   a 
Bourbon,  totally  changed  the  charac- 
ter of  the  French  policy,  and  rendered 
them  unwilling  to  increase  their  unpo- 
pularity in  a  country,  which  they  saw 
clearly  was  about  to  be  almostunited  to 
their  own.   The  peace  of  Ryswick  was 
immediately  concluded,  and,  most  un- 
expectedly, all  the  French  conquests 
were  restored  to  Spain. 

The  health  of  the  King,  and  the 
question  of  the  succession,  were  now 
the  great  subjects  of  interest  in  Spain, 
and  the  book  before  us  contains  a  good 
many  interesting  particulars  illustra- 
tive of  the  state  of  feeling  upon  both 
those  subjects.  The  King  was  only  be- 
tween thirty  and  forty  years  of  age,  but 
his  infirmities  were  those  of  a  naturally 
weak  constitution,  aggravated  by  some 
physical  deformities,  and  by  injudi- 
cious treatment 

**  He  has  a  ravenous  stomach,  and  swal- 
lows all  he  eats  whole,  for  his  nether  jaw 
stands  so  much  out,  that  his  two  rows 
of  teeth  cannot  meet ;  to  compensate 
which  he  has  a  prodigious  wide  throat, 
so  that  a  gizzard  or  liver  of  a  hen  passes 
down  whole,  and  his  weak  stomach  not 
being  able  to  digest  it,  he  voids  it  in  the 
same  manner."  p.  79- 

With    such    a    frame    it   is    no 


wonder  that  he  was  sicklv,  with 
"  a  great  weight  of  melancholy  and 
discontent  upon  his  spirita^"  (p.  81,) 
"  speaking  very  little,  and  that  not 
much  to  the  purpose,"  (p.  101,)  and 
fancying  that  "the  devils  are  very 
busy  tempting  him."  (ibid.)  "Buf- 
foons, dwarfs,  and  puppet  shews" 
(p.  101)  were  called  in  to  amuse  him, 
but  in  vain  ;  every  thing  said,  or  done, 
was,  in  his  estimation,  a  tempting  of 
the  devil,  and  he  never  thought  him- 
self "  safe  but  with  his  confessor  and 
two  friars  by  his  side,  whom  he  made 
lie  in  his  chamber  every  night" 
(p.  102.)  Probably  it  was  these  latter 
worthies  who  suggested  the  bringing 
to  his  Majesty  the  body  of  St.  Diego 
of  Alcala.  At  any  event  that  expedi- 
ent was  tried,  and  the  King  partially 
recovered  after  it,  which  was  esteemed 
a  very  notable  miracle,  (p.  95.) 

But  the  influence  of  the  virtues  of 
the  saint  soon  evaporated.  "  Hb 
Majesty's  ancles  and  knees  swell 
again,"  says  the  ambassador,  "his 
eyes  bag,  the  lids  are  red  as  scarlet, 
and  the  rest  of  his  face  a  greenish 
yellow.  His  tongue  is  travada,  that 
IS,  he  has  such  a  fumbling  in  his  speech, 
those  near  him  hardly  understand  bin, 
at  which  he  sometimes  grows  angry." 
(p.  108.)  He  was  taken  abroad  daily, 
and  it  was  his  royal  pleasure  to  en- 
tertain himself  with  any  country 
people  he  chanced  to  meet,  ordering 
his  attendants  to  keep  their  distance. 
Of  his  conversation  upon  Uiese  occa- 
sions we  have  one  specimen.  Having 
been  told  by  his  physicians  that  his 
disease  was  occasioned  by  "  obstruc- 
tions," his  Catholic  Majesty  inquired 
of  a  simple  gardener  "  whether  there 
were  any  obstructiom  in  the  country 
thereabouts  ?"  The  gardener  inno- 
cently answered,  "  he  did  not  know 
what  they  were,  nor  whether  there 
might  be  any  in  that  country,  but  this 
he  was  sure,  that  he  had  never  planted 
any  of  them  in  his  garden."  With 
which  na'iveU,  adds  the  ambassador, 
the  King  was  much  pleased,  and  as 
such  related  it  to  his  courtiers  when 
they  joined  him.   (p.  107.) 

But  in  spite  of  the  combined  influ- 
ences of  the  saint,  the  doctors,  country 
air,  these  innocent  amusements^  an& 


1840.] 


Review.— -iS/^am  under  Charles  the  Second, 


a  "diet  of  hens  and  capons,  fed 
with  viper's  flesh,"  (p.  110,)  his  Ma- 
jesty continued  as  far  as  ever  from 
recovery;  "he  looks  like  a  ghost, 
and  moves  like  an  image  of  clock- 
work." (ibid,)  Shortly  afterwards, 
however,  an  Aragonese  doctor  was 
called  in,  and  he  applied  a  plaister  to 
the  patient's  stomach.  The  King  at 
once  revived,  and  "  better  hopes  were 
entertained  of  his  recovery."  The 
doctor  had  the  credit,  but,  probably, 
it  ought  to  have  been  shared  with 
some  other  person,  under  whose  ad- 
vice he  drank  "  two  or  three  glasses  of 
pure  wine  every  meal,  whereas  he  had 
never  taken  any  thing  before  in  all 
his  life  but  water  boiled  with  a  little 
cinnamon."  (p.  118.)  Under  the  in- 
fluence of  these  stimulants  he  rallied 
for  six  months,  at  the  end  of  which 
we  find  it  stated  — 

"  His  Catholic  Majesty  grows  everyday 
sensibly  worse  and  worse.  It  is  true  that 
last  Thursday  they  made  him  walk  in  the 
public  solemn  procession  of  Corpus,  which 
was  much  shortened  for  his  sake.  How- 
ever, he  performed  it  so  feebly,  that  all 
who  saw  him  said  he  could  not  make  one 
straight  step,  but  staggered  all  the  way ; 
nor  could  it  otherwise  be  expected,  after 
he  had  had  two  falls  a  day  or  two  before, 
walking  in  his  own  lodgings,  when  his  legs 
doubled  under  him  by  mere  weakness.  In 
one  of  them  he  hurt  one  eye,  which  ap- 
peared much  swelled  and  black  and  blue, 
in  the  procession  ;  the  other  being  quite 
sunk  into  his  head,  the  nerves,  they  say, 
being  contracted  by  his  paralytic  distem- 
per. Yet  it  was  thought  fit  to  have  him 
make  this  sad  figure  in  public,  only  to 
have  it  put  into  the  Gazette  how  strong 
and  vigorous  he  is."  (p.  141.) 

Sad  exhibition  indeed  !  Miserable 
mockery  !  But  the  end  was  not  yet. 
The  Spanish  pharmacopeia  was  ex- 
hausted, but  there  was  yet  one  more 
resource,  and  that  nothing  might  be 
left  untried,  it  was  had  recourse  to 
before  death  came  to  his  relief ! 

"  The  doctors,  not  knowing  what  more 
to  do  with  the  King,  to  save  their  credit 
have  bethought  themselves  to  say  his  ill 
must  certainly  be  witchcraft,  and  there  is 
a  great  court  party  who  greedily  catch  at 
and  improve  the  report,  which,  how  ri- 
diculous soever  it  may  sound  in  England, 
I  can  assure  you  is  generally  believed  here, 
and  propagated  by  others  to  serve  a  turn. 
They,  finding  all  their  attempts  in  vain  to 
banish  Madame  Berlips,  think  this  cannot 


fail,  and  all  possible  endeavours  arc 
to  find  out  any  colourable  pretei 
make  her  the  witch.     Nor  is  it  th, 
time  that  game  has  been  played  he 
with  success.'*  (p.  143.) 

Nay,  they  sent  for  a  famous  e: 
from  Germany,  of  whom  it  was 
that— 

"  He  dissolved  several  charms  by  ^ 
the  King  has  been  bound  ever  sii* 
child  ;  yet  not  all  of  them,  but  the 
great  hope  of  the  rest ;  and  then  he 
not  only  have  perfect  health,  but  su* 
sion."  (p.  150.) 

• 

Yet  these,  remarks  Lord  MahcNB^ 
were  the  contemporaries  of  Locke  dtf 
Newton  !  Many  other  facts  no  1^ 
strikingly  opposed  to  the  mild  phi- 
losophy of  those  illustrious  men  will 
be  found  in  this  volume,  and  especialljr 
those  relating  to  the  religious  condition 
of  that  wretched  country*  The  am** 
bassador's  son,  the  future  first  EmtI 
Stanhope,  writing  from  Majorca  OH 
May  5,  IfiQl,  says, — 

*'  I  arrived  here  the3rdinst.,  and  could 
get  but  very  ill  accommodations,  by  reason 
of  the  concourse  of  people  which  are  here 
at  this  time  to  assist  at  the  Auto  da  F^, 
which  began  this  week,  for  Tuesday  past 
there  were  burnt  here  twenty-seven  Jews 
and  heretics,  and  to-morrow  I  shall  see 
executed  above  twenty  more  ;  and  Tuesday 
next,  if  I  stay  here  so  long,  is  to  be  another 
Fiesta f  for  so  they  entitle  a  day  dedicated 
to  so  execrable  an  act.  The  greater  part 
of  the  criminals  that  are  already  and  will 
be  put  to  death  were  the  richest  men  of 
the  island,  and  owners  of  the  best  houses 
in  the  city."  (p,  12.) 

Again,  the  ambassador  writes": — 

**Mr.  Freeman  left  us  last  Saturday. 
The  same  day  I  engaged  in  his  place  a 
Swiss  Protestant,  a  jeweller,  formerly  re- 
commended to  me  by  your  friend  Raab, 
who  going  from  me  that  night  to  his  old 
lodging,  promising  to  return  and  bring 
his  trunk  next  morning  to  stay  for  alto- 
gether, he  not  coming  at  his  hour,  I  sent 
to  see  what  was  become  of  him,  and  Mr. 
Champion  found  the  officers  of  the  Holy 
Office  registering  what  little  he  had,  and 
they  told  him  the  person  he  inquired  for 
was  carried  away  prisoner,  by  six  that 
morning,  by  orders  of  the  Inquisition, 
never,  as  I  suppose,  to  be  heard  of  more ; 
and  every  body  tells  me  I  can  have  no 
remedy."  (p.  16.) 

The  following  is  no  less  striking, 
and  a  more  decided  exhibition  of  the 


612 


Rkview,— S/>ai;i  wider  Charles  the  Second, 


[Jone^ 


state  of  mannrrti  and  society  amongst 
the  people  of  the  Spanish  metropolis  : 

"The  23ril  instant,  Mr.  OrccnwooJ, 
my  chaplain,  died  of  a  dysentery,  ^hen 
I,  not  knowing  how  to  dispose  of  his  hody, 
there  being  no  ])lace  o^nigncd  for  burying 
hill  Majesty's  subjects,  as  by  our  articles 
of  peace  there  ought  to  be,  and  desirous 
to  proceed  with  the  greatest  caution  pos- 
Hible  not  to  give  offence,  and  to  avoid  any 
disturbance  that  might  happen  among  a 
people  that  have  such  an  abhorrence  to 
our  religion,  up<m  the  burial  of  one  of  our 
ministers,  thought  I  could  not  apply  my- 
self more  properly  for  jirotection  against 
the  rubble  than  to  the  Corregidor  de  Ma- 
drid, who  at  present  is  brother  to  Uon 
Pedro  de  Koncpiillo.  So  I  sent  him  a 
message  acquainting  him  \vith  what  had 
happened,  and  desiring  the  favour  of  him 
to  appoint  some  place  in  the  fields,  in 
some  piece  of  ground  belonging  to  the 
town,  where  we  might  lay  the  body  to  rest 
in  quiet,  and  that  he  would  please  to  ap- 
point some  officer  to  be  present  at  the 
interment,  to  prevent  any  mischief  which 
might  happen,  or  that  my  servants  who 
assisted  might  not  be  taken  us  murderers, 
burying  somebody  they  had  assassinated 
in  private.  The  Corregidor  received  the 
application  with  great  civility,  said  he 
could  do  nothing  in  it  without  the  appro- 
bation of  the  President  of  Castille,  and 
offered  himself  to  accompany  my  agent 
immediately  to  him.  So  they  went  to- 
gether to  the  President,  and  ofter  the 
President  and  Corregidor  had  discoursed 
some  time  alone,  the  Corregidor  came  out 
to  my  agent,  telling  him  the  President 
had  ordered  an  alguazil  should  go  along 
with  him,  and  they  two  choose  any  place 
in  the  fields  near  the  town  they  should 
judge  proper  for  the  occasion,  and  that 
the  alguazil  should  be  ready  to  attend  at 
tlie  place,  at  the  time  a])pointed,  the  same 
evening ;  all  which  was  accordingly  done, 
and  I  sent  the  body  out  in  my  coach  be- 
tween 7  and  8  at  night,  with  half  a  dozen 
of  my  servants  ;  and  the  alguazil  meeting 
them  as  was  appointed,  they  laid  the  body 
in  the  grave,  and  so  departed.  1  hoped 
he  might  have  rested  in  quiet  till  the  re- 
surrection ;  but  next  day,  about  5  in  the 
afternoon,  I  found  I  was  mistaken,  when 
word  was  brought  me  it  was  taken  up  by 
an  Alcalde,  and  carried  to  the  Carcel  de 
Corte,  the  coffin  broken  open,  his  shroud 
torn  off,  the  body  exposed  to  public  view, 
and  a  consult  of  surgeons  sat  upon  him, 
on  pretence  it  was  some  person  murdered. 
I  sent  my  secretary  immediately  to  the 
President  of  Castille,  who  being  then  in  a 
Junta  of  Council,  could  not  be  spoken 
with,  but  the  complaint  being  sent  into 


liim,  he  only  ordered  that  the  body  should 
be  restored  to  my  secretary,  whereas  he 
might  have  considered  I  was  in  the  same 
difficulties  how  to  proceed  as  at  first,  and 
that  a  body,  after  having  been  buried  a 
day  and  night,  and  taken  up  again,  will 
not  admit  of  the  Spanish  phlegm  in  re- 
solving what  is  to  be  done  wiUi  it.  To 
conclude,  the  body  was  again  brought  to 
my  house,  and  I  forced  immediately  to 
bury  it  in  my  cellar.  They  had  cut  and 
mangled  it  in  several  parts,  and  some  not 
decent  to  be  named,  and  tore  o£f  most  of 
the  hair  of  his  head.  This  happened  on 
Thursday  last,  and  is  the  general  enter- 
tainment of  all  companies  in  town;  yet 
to  this  hour  I  have  not  had  any  message 
either  from  the  President  or  the  Alcalde 
who  acted  the  barbarity  to  excuse  it,  so 
that  I  could  no  longer  dissemble  so  sen- 
sible on  affront,  believing  their  Majesties* 
honour  highly  concerned  therein  as  well 
as  the  law  of  nations,  and  humanity  itself 
notoriously  violated.  I  send  your  Lord- 
ship a  copy  of  the  memorial  which  I  de- 
livered on  Monday  to  the  Marques  de 
Mancera.'*  (pp.  17 — 19.) 

A  civil  answer  was  retorned,  and 
there  the  matter  ended.  Upon  a 
subsequent  occasion  the  ambaasador 
writes, — 

' '  I  have  since  interceded  by  our  Queen^s 
command,  and  in  her  Majesty's  name,  for 
the  liberty  of  four  others  of  the  same  na- 
tion [France]  in  the  Inquisition  at  Bilbao, 
and  have  had  a  flat  denial,  the  King  an- 
swering me  that  he  never  intermeddius  in 
any  proceedings  relating  to  matters  of 
religion,  though  against  his  own  dcunes- 
tics."  (p.  58.) 

Who  can  be  surprised  that  of  a 
country  in  which  such  practices  were 
treated  in  such  a  manner  it  might  also 
be  written, — 

**  The  scarcitv  of  money  here  is  not  to 
be  believed  but  oy  eye-witnesses,  notwith- 
standing the  arrival  of  so  many  flotas  and 
galleons,  supplies  not  to  be  expected  again 
in  many  years,  for  the  last  flota  went  out 
to  India  empty,  and  M  nihih  nikii  fit. 
Their  army  in  Catalonia,  by  the  laigest 
account,  is  not  8000  men,  one  hau  of 
them  Germans  and  Walloons,  who  are  sll 
starving  and  deserting  as  fiist  as  they  can. 
When  I  came  first  to  Spain  they  had 
eighteen  good  men  of  war ;  these  are  now 
reduced  to  two  or  three,  I  know  not  which, 
A  wise  council  might  find  some  remedy 
for  most  of  these  defects,  but  they  hate 
and  are  jealous  one  of  another  ;  and  if  i(nj 
among  them  pretends  to  public  spirit  toi 
advise  anything  for  the  good  of  the  oovn* 
try,  the  rest  fall  upon  him,  nor  is  ho  tq 


1840.] 


Reniw. — Csitennole's  Forty  Semumf. 


013 


hope  for  any  support  from  his  matter,  who 
has  the  greatest  facility  of  any  prince  in 
the  world  in  parting  with  his  best  friends 
and  dearest  favourites. 

*'  This  is  a  summary  account  of  the 
present  state  of  Spain ;  which,  how  wretch- 
ed soever  it  may  seem  to  others,  they  are 
in  their  own  conceit  very  happy,  believing 
themselves  still  the  greiiest  nation  in  the 
world,  and  are  now  as  proud  and  haughty 
as  in  the  days  of  Charles  the  Fifth."  (pp. 
120,  121.) 

Such  was  Spain  under  Charles  the 
Second !  Lord  Mahon's  yolume  is  not 
only  an  important  addition  to  oar  stock 
of  historical  materials,  bat  conveys  also 
a  political  lesson  of  no  ordinary  inte- 
rest and  value. 


Forty  SermoM.  By  the  Rev.  R.  Cat- 
termole. 
THIS  Volume  is  dedicated  to  the 
Bishop  of  London,  and  has  an  intro- 
ductory essay  on  the  National  Church, 
chiefly  from  the  author's  recollection 
of  a  conversation  with  the  late  Mr. 
Coleridge.  In  the  first  Sermon,  p. 
13,  should  the  "final  condition  of 
the  redeemed"  be  compared  to  "  the 
condition  of  Adam  in  his  nntiied  in- 
nocence "  ?  or  rather,  should  it  not 
find  its  proper  comparison  with  the 
state  to  which  we  prenme  Adam  would 
have  been  exalted  by  God,  when  his 
paradisiacal  existence  had  reached 
its  allotted  limit?  (P.  170.)  "  Gkid  is 
80  far  from  being  the  Author  qf  8m, 
that  he  has  by  an  infinity  of  methods 
endeavoured  to  draw  us  awav  from  it," 
&c.  Would  it  not  be  of  advantage  if 
divines  would  explain  to  their  readers 
the  true  signification  of  those  pass- 
ages which  occur  in  Scripture,  where 
God  is  said  to  be  /Ae  author  </  evt/, 
as  "  I  make  peace,  and  create  eviL" 
Itaiah,  Also,  it  is  to  be  observed  that  on 
this  mysterious  subject  the  language 
of  our  divines  is  not  always  consist- 
ent with  each  other.  With  regard  to 
parables  (p.  282),  we  conceive  that 
the  primitive  method  of  teaching  wm 
by  symbols,  to  which  the  Jews  had 
been  accustomed  from  the  days  of  So- 
lomon to  those  of  Christ ;  thos  Pytha- 
goras taught,  and  thus  Socrates  (and 
the  Socratic  wisdom  is  said  to  be  pre* 
berved  in  the  ifisopian  fables)  ;  there- 
fore it  docs  not  appear  to  os  to  be  ne- 
cessarv  to  have  recourse  to  the  kUmd'- 
H€$$  of  the  Jews  as  the  rcMon  of  oar 


Lord's  parables  i  or  to  suppose  with  oar 
author,  "  that  tlie  langaage  of  instroc- 
tion  (i.  e.  of  direct  moral  instraction, 
in  plain  langaa^,)  would  be  plainer 
than  the  figurative  characters  of  pa- 
rables." On  the  subject  of  oar  Lord's 
relation  to  the  Virgin  Mary  (p.  341), 
and  his  filial  duty  and  regard,  is  not 
the  silence  of  the  Evangelists,  with 
regard  to  the  Virgin  Mary  in  the  in- 
terval between  our  Lord's  resurrecv 
tion  and  ascension,  Tery  remarkable  ? 
Mary  Magdalene,  and  Mary  the  mo« 
ther  of  James,  and  other  women  were 
at  the  tomb ;  where  was  the  mother  of 
Jesus  ?  who  was  confided  to  St.  John's 
care,  and  who  must  have  heard  of  the 
reports  from  the  Apostles  of  their 
Lord's  appearance  upon  earth.  Per- 
haps the  argument  of  our  author iNi 
the  subject  of  "  Mary's  maternal 
claim  being  extinguished  at  the  death 
of  Christ,"  may  partfy  account  for  this 
awful  and  mysterious  circumstance^ 
where  all  was  mysterious. 
At  p.  386  the  author  justly  obserfct  t 

"A  service  purely  spiritual  or  intd- 
lectual  is  unsuited  to  our  eondition. 
Unless  there  be  sometiiing  without  to 
rouse  and  recal  men  to  tie  perlbnn* 
aace  of  religious  duty,  the  Diety  of  the 
best  will  beoome  languid ;  whUe  from  thi 
minds  of  the  worst,  all  thou^t  of  lell- 
gion  will  wear  awav  by  degrees,  sod  he 
forgotten.  It  has  been  stated  as  a  AmC, 
that  among  all  those  sects  wfaldh  spraag 
flrom  the  rsligioas  and  poUtieal  fSBnuent 
of  the  1 7th  century,  that  which  Ud 
chOm  to  the  purest  spirituality  (L  e.  tfaa 
QMAtrt),  ami  that  most  expressly  seomad 
the  use  of  ceremonies  and  litoal  ob- 
servances, however  simple  or  venenbiet 
as  needless  and  ImpSitineQt  IntnMJoni 
between  the  soul  of  man  and  Us  CreataTi 
has  long  since  hardened  into  a  fixed  and 
almost  sordid  worldliness." 

The  fact  is  undoubted ;  the  curiow 
part  of  the  question  is,  how  much  haa 
been  owing  to  the  failure  of  tha  fai* 
temal  principle,  set  op  as  the  guide  af 
conduct,  how  much  to  the  efiSct  pro. 
dnced  upon  a  peculiarly  sensuous  soci- 
ety from  without.  It  would  be  wortfi 
knowing,  also,  how  they  reeoncila 
their  mi/t-seda/ system  with  the  ad- 
vocacy of  the  most  Ii6eral  sentineato. 
on  all  moral  and  political  questions. 

This  Volume  of  Sermons  may  be  rt- 
commended,  both  for  the  eamestncaa 
with  which  the  great  duties  of  rsli* 


G14      Review.— H»/0ry  0/  the  Campaign  tn  R'once  in  1814.        [Jidtie,' 


gion  are  enforced,  and  the  propriety 
and  elegance  of  the  language  in  which 
they  are  conveyed. 

//tf/ory  of  tfip  Cninpaign  in  Francff  in 
1814,  from  the  Ru89ian  of  H,  M. 
Danilefskv. 

A  VERY  copious,  elaborate,  and 
apparently  accurate  account  of  that 
Campaign  which  for  ever  closed  the 
military  operations  and  triumphs  of 
Napoleon.  The  author  says  (p.  157), 
•'  in  this  Campaign,  whicli  is  errone- 
ously held  up  as  a  masterly  display  of 
Napoleon's  military  skill,  if  wc  accept 
hisadmirablc  movements  from  Sezanne 
against  Bliichcr,  he  did  not  shoir  Af'm- 
selfi'qual  to  his  (jreat  reputation.'*  At 
p.  1G9,  the  author  observes,  that 

**  *  After  the  victories  of  Napoleon  in 
France,  the  EmptTor  Alexander  refused 
to  listen  to  the  general  voice,  and  steadily 
rejected  a  peai*e,  demanded  by  a  short- 
slighted  policy,  which  never  reflected, 
that  such  a  peace  must  proTC  the  source 
of  endless  woe  in  Europe.*  '  The  Aus- 
trians  had  their  eyes  continually  turned 
to  the  army  of  the  south  at  Lyons,  which 
was  destined  to  secure  not  only  our  com- 
munications with  Swizerland  and  Germany, 
but  what  was  to  them  more  important, 
and  to  a  certain  degree  the  object  in 
the  war,  to  aid  in  the  Conquest  of  Italy, 
while  Alexander  insisted  that  the  true 
object  was  the  overtlirow  of  Napoleon. 
The  Austrians  did  not  de.sirc  the  down- 
fall of  Napoleon  ;  on  the  contrary,  they 
wished  to  help  him  on  the  throne,  but 
with  the  frontiers  of  1 792,  and  for  that 
reason  were  purposely  slow  in  their  ope- 
rations."* (P.  135.) 

At  p.  244,  we  have  the  closing  view 
of  Bliichcr's  military  actions.  After. 
Napoleon's  retreat  from  Laon, 

*'  Bliicher,  the  most  indefatigable  of  the 
allied  commanders,  inflexible  in  his  hatred 
to  Napoleon,  with  an  army  under  his 
command  far  more  numerous  than  that  of 
the  enemy,  remained  till  7  March,  that  is 
nine  days,  in  complete  inaction,  placing 
his  army  in  cantonments,  and  spending 
his  time  in  making  arrangements  in  the 
commissariat.  *  The  true  object  of  our 
stay  here  was  not  a  military  one,'  he 
wrote  to  Wintzingerode  on  the  2nd 
March.  *  The  only  object  I  have  in  view, 
is  to  give  repose  to  a  harassed  army,  and, 
as  far  as  possible,  provide  It  with  bread.' 
That  to  such  a  degree  his  bodily  sufferings 
had  gained  the  ascendant  over  BlQcher*s 


mental  faculties,  is  prored  hf  the  fbUow- 
ing  occurrence :  —  The  Quaiier-Maitar 
General  of  C.  Langereau'a  corps,  haviiif 
waited  on  him  at  Imh  for  orders,  finuia 
him  sitting  by  the  fire,  apparency  fai  deep 
meditation.  He  announced  his  arrirafi 
and  requested  orders  relative  to  certain 
matters  submitted  to  BlOcher's  dedsion 
by  the  commander  of  the  corps.  Hie 
Field  Marshal  answered  not  a  word ;  the 
Colonel  repeated  his  questions,  but  atOl 
got  no  answer.  He  remained  standing 
for  some  minutes  before  BlQcher  in  a  state 
of  embarrassment,  from  which,  howerer, 
he  was  relieved  by  Greneral  Gneisenav, 
who  was  sitting  at  a  table  In  a  comer  of 
the  room,  and  said  to  him,  '  Don't  you  see 
that  the  Field  Marshal  is  not  in  a  condi- 
tion to  give  you  an  answer  ? '  The  fact  isi 
that  from  the  day  of  the  battle  at  Laon, 
BlOcher  was  so  weak,  that  during  the  re- 
mainder of  the  campaign  till  the  taking 
of  Paris,  he  rode  in  a  carriage,  being  un- 
able to  sit  on  horseback.  By  confining  hlu 
to  a  sick  bed,  and  not  allowing  him  to  aaaisk 
in  giving  the  death-blow  to  Uie  Frenbhi  It 
seemed  as  if  Fate  had  resenred  the  finil 
destruction  of  Napoleon  for  that  army  in 
which  Alexander  was  present.'* 

P.  412.    Of  the  Russian  army  the 
author  says — 

"  In  our  firit  campaigns  ttgalnst  Ni* 
poleon,  the  French  were  undoubtedly  mi- 
perior  to  us  in  skill  and  experience.  But 
from  the  pear  lUlS,  their  inferiority  was 
evident  to  all.  *  *  *  "We  may  add 
that,  from  the  year  181S,  discipline  aad 
precision  in  the  service  of  the  front 
as  well  as  the  commissariat,  had  Tidbly 
decayed  in  Napoleon's  armies,  while  they 
advanced  towards  perfection  in  the  army 
of  Alexander.  The  care  bestowed  by  the 
latter  on  these  important  ob|ect8  neter 
slackened,  while  the  former  became  erery 
day  more  indiffierent  to  the  Inereeiikg 
disorder  among  his  troops.  To  the 
Russian  army,  case-hardened  in  the  fin 
of  many  combats,  bearing  eTCnly  the  re* 
straint  of  strict  discipline,  and  filled  widi 
the  warmest  sentiments  of  duty  to  God 
and  to  their  sovereign,  was  reserved  the 
chief  parts  in  the  campaign  of  France,  ih. 
which  the  remains  of  Napoleon's  l^onii 
were  destroyed,  and  the  deliiretanoe  of 
Europe  achieved." 


Reconnoitring  Voyagw,  Sre.    tn  SmUk 
Australia.   By  W.  H.  Leigh,  JBtqt 

WITHOUT  any  pretensions  to  su- 
perior scientific  knowledge,  or  any 
boasts  of  his  acquirements,  Uie  adthor 


1840.]       Rsviiw.P-*Leigli's  Vojfeffei  te  Swih  AufMHa. 


016 


of  this  yolume,  a  fturgeon  onboard  the 
South  Australian  Emigrant  barque, 
lias  given  us  the  result  of  hia  experience 
during  hit  travels  in  a  very  pleasing 
Yolume.  It  may  be  read  with  profit 
by  those  who  never  intend  to  move 
from  England's  shores  i-*to  those  who 
intend  trusting  their  fates  and  fortanei 
in  the  laud  ofkangaroos  and  opossums 
it  will  be  of  great  practical  use.  The 
author  noted  down  what  he  saw,  and 
has  given  us  his  Journal.  This  plan, 
if  judiciously  followed,  is  always  suc- 
cessful. We  want  observations,  not 
reasoning ;  facts,  not  theories :  and 
we  want  to  have  them  fresh  from  the 
leaves  in  which  at  the  time  they  have 
been  described.  The  author  observes 
(p.  1 9)»  on  the  colour  of  the  sea,  when 
about  crossing  the  line,— 

' '  I  have  many  timei  remarked  upon  the 
colour  of  the  sea ;  and  in  these  latitudes 
there  are  good  opportunities  for  noticing 
its  sudden  and  ourions  ohanges)  one  day 
it  is  a  dark  indigo,  then  it  beoonies  a  deep 
green  f  another  time  it  is  a  vivid  mUtm^ 
marine.  These  changes  cannot  be  effect- 
ed by  the  bottom,  as  in  cases  where  the 
depth  if  inconsiderable  :  thus  a  fine  light 
sand  produces  an  apple-green ;  black  mud 
a  dark  blue  water;  near  the  mouth  of 
rivers,  being  mixed  with  earth,  it  is  of  a 
brownish  colour.  The  deception  of  the 
colour  of  the  sea,  as  it  is  aiscted  by  the 
sun  and  clouds,  can  only  be  observM  by 
looking  through  a  long  tube,  near  to  Its 
surface :  a  small  cloud  often  makes  a 
great  change  in  it.  It  is  not  therefore  the 
water  that  changes,  but  a  combinatiOD  be- 
tween the  bottom  and  atmosphere.  The 
green  water  of  Greenland  forms  one  par- 
ticuUr  feature  between  the  parallels  of 
74''  and  80°,  as  it  regards  the  depth  of  the 
sea  and  the  light  of  the  sun  at  various 
depths.  At  679  feet  below  the  surface  of 
the  ocean  it  is  quite  dark  ;  at  311  feat  it 
is  moonlight.*' 

P.  20  :— 

*'  We  eanght  a  fiying  fish  aUve,  and  pat 
it  into  a  bucket  of  water  to  watch  its 
movements;  after  swimming  round  and 
reconnoitring  he  prepared  fdr  his  flight, 
vhiek  tret  ptrfimntd  kg  mowing  ki9  Ml 
very  rapidlr  from  side  to  side  till  he  ap- 
peared to  have  obtained  suAcient  mo- 
mentum^—then,  lncUnln|  a  little  on  one 
side,  out  he  Jumped,  ftis  he  perfbrmed 
several  times,  tul  the  braises  flrom  the 
hard  deck  finished  him.** 

The  author  says,— 


<'  I  do  not  smt  to  the  notion  that  tfw 
cause  of  tiielr  m^t  Is  the  pnrsidt  ol  thsir 
enemies,  nor  do  I  think  they  sre  the  nMt 
harassed  of  sU  fish,"  ^. 

In  this  we  agree.  Their  flight  ia  pfo« 
bably  for  the  moat  part  in  aport,-HUi 
a  lamb  sports  in  the  meadows,  or  a 
dog  delights  in  plunging  into  tha 
water. 


Viarg  in  America.    Part  Second,    Bf 
Captain  Marryat.    3  ooii. 

WE  have  been  much  interested  by 
many  parts  of  this  book  $  both  aa  n* 
gards  the  Interest  of  the  fhcta  and  iho 
lively  and  animated  manner  In  whidk 
they  are  described.  The  accovnt  of 
the  steam  disasters  in  the  first  volame» 
and  particularly  the  loss  of  the  Mo* 
selle,  is  given  in  characters  of  deep 
and  tragic  eloquence ;  we  also  recom* 
mend  the  author'a  history  of  the  mU 
^ration  to  the  native  States,  aa  poasaaa 
ing  much  useful  information.  Capt* 
Marryat  haa  entered  into  tba  aaMoel 
of  the  newspaper  press,  and  haa  gma 
us  some  anecdotes  concerning  It,  wUdi 
are  highly  amusing  and  charaeterlatle. 
Some,  he  says,  do  great  credit  to 
American  talent,  bat  many  an  dis« 
gracefiil,  vulgar,  and  personal ;  othafo 
are  full  of  ignorance  and  bombasts  «i« 
An  editor  down  Eaat,  speaking  of 

is  own  merits,  thus  concludes :— 


Si, 


"I  sm  a  real  catsstrophe— a 
creation — Mount  Vesavins  at  tha  top, 
with  red-hot  lava  pouring  down  the  cratVp 
and  roasting  nations— my  fiMa  are  loefc- 
ing  mountains— arms,  wulg-Uberty  polsa, 
with  iron  springs ;  every  step  I  take  iiaa 
earthquake  every  blow  I  strike  Is  a  elip 
of  thunder— and  every  breath  I  brsathrm 
a  tornado  { — my  disposltloa  Is  Dneesol'a 
best,  and  goes  off  at  a  flesh  i  wliea  | 
blast,  there  will  be  nothfa^^  left  Vol  a 
hoto  3  feet  In  dreumfereneai  and  ao  eaA 
hi  ito  di^." 

The  publisher  of  a  weatem  pap* 
says,  in  honour  of  hb  oralW— 

"  Many  who  have  aequlrsd  great  ham 
and  oekbrity  In  the  world,  began  CMr 
career  asprinters*  Sir  W.  Blsekstone,  tka 
lesmed  EagUshoasDmentatoroflaireiWae 
a  printer  by  trade.  Kkig  Ckmrkt  Me 
Firaiwoiomrinior,tmdmoinmfl^onmt$h 
worked  oi  tic  trmio  yTer  koJM  eitwdfl 
lAe  ikrono  ^MmglmJL'* 


Gir> 


Review. — Marryat*8  Diany  m  America. 


[June, 


The  account  of  ^fr.  Kennet.  the 
Kditor  of  the  Morning  Herald  of  New 
York,  is  an  admirable  example  of  the 
character  of  pcme  of  his  brotherhood 
not  so  far  off  as  America.  Before 
Capt.  Marry  at  had  been  six  weeks  in 
the  country,  he  was  attacked  bv  this 
wretch,  and  at  the  same  time  the  paper 
was  sent  him  with  this  note  on  the 
margin : — 


II I 


StMid  twenty  dollars,  and  it  shall  be 
stopped.'  '  I  only  wish  you  may  get  it/ 
said  1  to  myself.  We  all  too  well  know 
the  base  und  licentious  character  of  some 
IMurt  of  the  press  in  England:  ^The  mis- 
creants who  talk  of  honor,  and  tlic  slaves 
who  declaim  on  liberty.'  But  C.  Hamil- 
ton says,  *  Our  newspaper  and  periodical 
press  is  bad  enough.  Its  sins  against  pro- 
priety cannot  be  justified,  and  ought  not 
to  be  defended.  But  its  virtue  is  meek- 
ness, its  liberty  restraint,  and  even  its 
atrocities  are  virtues  when  compared  with 
that  system  of  brutal  and  ferocious  out- 
rage which  distinguishes  the  press  in 
America ;  in  England,  even  an  insinuation 
against  personal  honour  is  intolerable.  A 
hint,  a  breath,  the  contemplation  even  of 
a  possibility  of  tarnish,  such  things  are 
sufficient  to  poison  the  tranquillity,  unless 
met  with  prompt  vindication,  to  ruin  the 
character  of  a  public  man ;  but  in  America 
it  is  thought  necessary  to  have  recourse 
to  other  measures.  The  strongest  epi- 
thets of  a  ruffian  vocabulary  are  put  into 
requisition.' " 

In  his  chapter  on  Authors,  Books, 
&c.  Capt.  Marryat  informs  us  of  a 
circumstance  attending  the  republica- 
tion of  English  works  in  that  country, 
so  flagitious,  as  to  demand  public  ex- 
posure and  abhorrence. 

'*  I  cannot  (he  says,)  dismiss  this  subject 
without  pointing  out  a  most  dishonest 
practice,  which  has  latterly  been  resorted 
to  in  the  United  States,  and  of  which,  a 
copyright  only,  I  am  afraid,  can  prevent 
the  continuance.  Works  which  have  be- 
come standard  authorities  in  England,  on 
account  of  the  purity  of  their  Christian 
principles,  are  republished  in  America, 
with  whole  pages  altered^  advantage  being 
taken  of  the  great  reputation  of  the  Or- 
thodox writers  to  disseminate  Unitarian 
and  Socinian  principles.*' 

There  are  many  other  subjects  treat- 
ed of  in  this  work,  which  will  be  found 
full  of  interest — as  that  of  the  Society 
on  the  Mississipi,  if  Society  it  may 
7 


be  called,  where  every  man  carries  a 
Bowie-knife  in  his  bosom.  Another, 
on  the  feelings  in  the  United  States 
towards  England,  which  Capt.  Mar- 
ryat says  he  soon  discovered,  were  of 
"  deep  irreconcileable  hatred."  1^  ac- 
countof  the  Indian  Tribes,  and  of  the 
Florida  war,  in  the  third  volame,  will 
be  read  with  interest. 


Poems  written  in  Newfoundland,     By 
Henrietta  Prescott. 

MISS  Prescott  has  nothing  to  do, 
but  to  proceed  in  the  course  which 
she  has  so  well  begun ;  Poetry  re- 
quires a  good  ear,  good  taste^  and  good 
feeling;  and  she  possesses  a  compe- 
tent share  of  these  qualities.  We 
give  a  specimen  of  her  productions 
with  pleasure. 

A  STORY. 

''  Come,  you  would  have  me  tell  a  story, 

Of  ramble  in  a  grassy  lane. 
Or  visit  to  the  castle  hoary, 

Or  gay  shell-gathering  by  the  main — 
One  of  the  many  tales  I  've  told, 
Of  times  when  I  was  only  six  yean  old. 

I  love  to  think  of  those  gone  day». 
When  I  'd  one  sister  and  a  brother. 

And  we  together  sang  glad  lays, 
Or  sate  in  silence  round  my  mother, 

And  hung,  as  you  do  now,  on  every  word, 

Of  well    known    tale,  more  lov'd,  the 
oft'ner  heard. 

That  brother  is  beyond  the  sea, 
That  sister  seen  but  in  my  dreamt, 

But  ye  grow  up  in  love  to  me, 
Our  parent's  smile  upon  us  beams. 

So  'tis  not  sad  to  think  of  that  gone  time, 

Though   we  are  dwellers  in  a  stranger 
clime. 

Come  then  I  sit  round,  and  I  will  talk — 
You  dear  one,  rest  upon  my  knee ; 

My  tale  shall  be  about  a  walk. 
Not  of  the  castle,  nor  the  sea. 

But  of  a  hill  with  low  thick  gnas  o*er- 
spread, 

To  which  a  long  and  shady  pathway  led. 

It  was  a  pleasant  place,  that  hill, 
Altho'  no  tree  grew  on  its  fiu», 
No  sound  was  near  of  gurgling  rill, 
And  yet  it  was  a  pleasant  place. 
For  there  the  happy  village  child  mUit 

find 
The   early  blae-bells  dandng    in    tht 
wind. 


1810.]        Rkview. — Poems  by  Miss  Prescott  ant/ T.  Slope. 


617 


And  as  the  bee  was  passing  by, 

The  rich  thyme   flowers  might   tempt 
her  there, 
Or  in  the  furze  bush  she  might  lie, 

Rock'd  in  that  nest  so  sweet  and  fair. 
Humming  aloud,  all  through  the    lively 
day, 
To  call  her  sister  bees  to  come  and  play. 

And  there  were  often  moths  that  flew 
Close  to  the  thyray  grass  at  even, 

Their  small  wings  lined  with  tender  blue 
Bright  as  the  hue  of  summer  Heaven; 

How  many  a  time  I've  watched  those  fair 
moths  skim  [dim. 

Across  the  blooming  turf  when  day  grew 

It  was  in  summer  long  ago, 
When  I  was  but  a  little  child. 

Not  like  the  ancient  dame  you  know, 
But  very  young  and  very  wild, 

I  went  with  others  young  and  wild  as  I, 

Up  that  rude  hill — a  merry  company. 

Far  off  we  saw  the  water  shining 

And  tall  masts  bending  to  the  breeze, 

Far  off  we  saw  green  branches  twining, 
And  glad  birds  singing  in  the  trees  ; 

And  in  the  cornfields  all  along  the  lane. 

Red  poppies  gleam'd  and  danced  among 
the  grain. 

All  these  were  sights  we  loved  right  well. 
And  yet  we  did  not  linger  long. 

But  u'er  each  mound  and  down  each  dell. 
With  laugh  and  joke  and  shout  and  song. 

Bounding  in  joy  beneath  the  cloudlesi  sun. 

We  paused  not  till  the  destin'd  place  was 
won. 

And  then  how  gay  and  pleased  were  we ! 

A  large  and  pictured  kite  we  brought. 
The  time  was  come !  we  let  it  free. 

And  up  it  rose  as  quick  as  thought. 
Till  like  a  tiny  speck  on  high  it  hung, 
So  far  we  hcarce  could  tee  the  shade  it 
flung. 

Oh  !  had  you  heard  our  laughter  then. 
Kinging  along  the  broad  bill  tide; 

It  must  have  startled  every  wren. 
That  in  the  hawthorn  bush  did  hide, 

Sitting  within  her  warm  and  mossy  nest. 

Her  blue  eggs  covered  by  her  russet  breast. 

It  must  have  startled  every  bee 
That  flew  within  long  space  around. 

For  over  fleld  and  over  sea 

Rnng  gaily  out  that  merry  sound. 

While,  like  a  living  thing,  our  beauteoai 
kite 

Rose  up  still  higher  in  the  lunny  light. 

This  is  my  ule  ! — is  it  too  short  ? 

Then,  dear  ones,  I  will  tell  yea  more, 
It  shall  not  be  about  our  iport. 

For  that,  when  night  came  on,  waso*er. 

But   rather   of.  the  friends  who    played 

together  [weather. 

Thro*    that  long  happy  day  of  luromer 

GiNT.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII. 


My  children,  some  of  these  I  said 
Were  gay  and  vrild  and  fall  of  play, 

Are  numbered  with  the  quiet  dead. 
To  them  the  cheerful  light  of  day, 

The  things  they  loved,  the  things  most 
dear  to  us,  [that  ? 

Are  nothing  now — know  you  why  it  is 

I  see  you  do — remember  then 

To  cast  unkindness  firom  your  heart. 

We  know  not  how,  we  know  not  when, 
We  may  be  summoned  to  depart. 

Let  us  then  love  each  other  on  the  earth, 

In  storm  and  calm,  in  sorrow  and  in  mirth. 

For  'tis  a  bitter  thing  indeed, 

When  those  we  lov'd  are  dead  and  gone. 
To  know  we've  made  their  kind  hearts 
bleed, 
Tho*  many  a  time  we  might  have  done 
Some  action  we  should  love  to  think  of  now, 
While  cold  damp  clay  lies  on  thelov'done*s 
brow. 


The  Jewel ;  being  Sacred,  Dvmetiie, 
Narrative,  and  Lyric  Poemt ;  teUeted 
by  Thomas  Slope. 

THIS  is  a  very  pleasing  and  ju- 
dicious selection  of  short  poems.  We 
will  give  one  of  Professor  Wilson's, 
p.  27. 

Magdalen's  Hymn. 

The  air  of  death  breathes  thro'  our  souls. 

The  dead  all  round  us  lie. 
By  day  and  night  the  death-bell  tolls. 

And  says, — Prepare  to  die. 

The  face  that  in  the  morning  sun 
We  thought  so  wondrous  fsir. 

Hath  faded  ere  his  course  was  run, 
Beneath  his  golden  hair. 

I  see  the  old  man  in  his  grave, 

With  thin  locks  silvery-grey, 
I  see  the  child's  bright  tresses  wave 

In  the  cold  breath  of  the  clay. 

The  living  ones  we  lov'd  the  best. 

Like  music  all  are  gone  ! 
And  the  wan  moonlight  bathes  in  rest 

Their  monumental  stone. 

But  not  when  the  death  prayer  is  said. 

The  life  of  life  departs, 
The  body  in  the  grave  is  laid, 

Its  beauty  in  our  hearts. 

At  holy  midnight,  voices  sweet 

Like  fragrance  fill  the  room. 
And  haply,  ghosts  with  noiseless  feet. 

Come  brightning  from  the  tomb. 

We  know  who  sends  the  visions  bright. 
From  whose  dear  side  they  came ; 

We  veil  our  rage  before  thy  light, 
We  bless  our  Saviour's  name. 

This  frame  of  dust,  this  feeble  breath 
The  plague  may  soon  destroy  ; 

4  K 


618 


RBViBw.—Elixa  Cook's  Poems. 


[Jbbc, 


We  think  on  thee,  and  feel  in  death, 
A  deep  and  awful  joy. 

Dim  is  the  light  of  vanished  yean. 

In  the  glory  yet  to  come  ; 
Oh  I  idle  grief  I  oh  I  foolish  tears, 

When  Jesus  calls  us  home. 

Like  children  for  some  bauble  fair, 
That  weep  themseWes  to  rest. 

We  part  with  life— awake,  and  Thee— 
The  jewel  in  our  breast. 

Poemt.  i?y  Eliza  Cook.  18mo. 
WE  prefer,  in  this  volume,  the 
shorter  and  lighter  pieces  to  the  more 
elaborate  poems ;  and  the  story  of 
Melaia  is  too  much  like  Lord  Byron  to 
please  our  taste,  which  was  formed 
before  his  Lordship  wrote.  We  select 
the  following  as  a  pleasing  specimen  : 

THY    KINGDOM    COMK. 

'Tis  human  lot  to  meet  and  bear 
The  common  ills  of  human  life. 

There's  not  a  breast  but  hath  its  share 
Of  bitter  pain  and  Tezing  strife  ; 

The  peasant  in  his  lowly  shed, 
The  noble  'neath  a  gilded  dome, 


Each  will  atsome  time  bow  his  head. 
And  ask  and  hope — Thj  Kingdom  come  I 

When  some  deep  sorrow,  sorely  slow, 

Despoils  the  cheek  and  eats  the  heart. 
Laying  our  busy  projects  low, 

And  bidding  all  earth's  dreams  depart— 
Do  wf  not  smile,  and  calmly  turn 

From  the  wide  world*a  tumultnuns  ham. 
And  feel  the  immortal  essence  yearn. 

Rich  with  the  thoaght— Thy  Kingdom 
come  I 

The  wares  of  care  may  darkly  bound 

And  buffet,  till,  our  strength  outworn, 
We  stagger,  as  they  gather  round. 

All  shattered,  weak,  and  tempest-tom ; 
But  there's  a  light-honae  for  the  soul 

That  beacons  lo  a  stormless  home. 
It  safely  guides  through  roughest  tidies. 

It  shines — it  sares — ^Thy  Kingdom  cornel 

To  gaxe  upon  the  loTed  in  death. 

To  mark  the  closing  beamless  eye, 
To  press  dear  lips,  and  find  no  breath. 

This,  this  is  life's  worst  agony  ; 
But  God,  too  merciful,  too  wise. 

To  leave  the  lorn  one  in  despair. 
Whispers  while  snatching  those  we  prise — 

My  Kingdom  come !    yell  meet  them 
there. 


j4h  Apology  for  the  Doctrine  of  Apos- 
tolical   Succetnon,  j-e.     By    the   Horn, 
and  Rev.  A.  Perceval. — A  very  learned, 
well-reasoned,  and  interesting  inquiry  into 
the  mode  by  which  the  authority  of  God  is 
conveyed  into  the  acts  of  the  Christian 
ministry,  and  into  the  Apostolical  Succes- 
sion  of  its  Bishops.     The  author  examines 
the  scheme  of  the  Independent  t  or  the  Con- 
gregational scheme,  and  that  of  the  Pret- 
byteriane ;  and  after  the  rejecting  those,  he 
proceeds  to  shew  that  the  system  of  Epis- 
copacy is  unassailable,  even  if  the  evidence 
of  Divine  institution  shall  fail.  The  Eccle- 
siastical testimony  in  support  of  Episco- 
pacy is  shewn  by  the  universal  consent  of 
the  Christian  World  for  1800  years,  and 
traced  carefully  through  the  Fathers  of  the 
Church.     There  are  some  curious  and  va- 
luable papers  in   the  appendix — among 
which  are  tables  of  the  Episcopal  descent 
of  the  present  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
This  work  cannot  be  well  abridged,  but  we 
strongly  recommend  it,  as  examining  an 
important  point,  with  strength  of  argu- 
ment, and  fairness  of  discussion. 


The  Govemees.  By  Lady  Blessington, 
2  vols. — Lady  Blessington  is  a  very  clever 
person,  and  writes  very  entertaining  books. 
The  present  production,  The  Governess, 
though  evidently  sketched  in  baste,  and 


coloured  a  little  extravagantly,  presents 

several  striking  portraits  of  the  vain,  the 

selfish,  and  the  vulgar,  drawn  with  force 

and  humour.     The  incidents  are  not  very 

natural,    nor    are    some    of    the    monJ 

changes  produced  in  the  characters  very 

probable ;  but  the  story  is  well  told  ;  the 

contrasts  lively  and  agreeable,  and  some 

of  the  details,  and  particular  converss- 

tions  and  occurrences,  wrought  out  widi 

effect.     Mrs.  Marsden  and  her  son  Her- 

cules  are  described  to  the  life  ;  and,  we 

can  answer  for    it,   vrithout   caricature. 

Miss  Vincent  Robinson  is  also,  though  a 

little  too  absurd,  admirably  drawn ;  but 

Mr.  Seymour  is  too  faintly  sketched,  and 

the  Quakers  are  somewhat  theatrical.   At 

p.   Ill,  vol.  i.  Lady  Blessington  (litmg 

where  she  does)  ought  to  have  known  that 

Healing   or   Hacton    coaches,    never  go 

from  the  White  Horse  Cellar,  Piccadilly. 

Christian  Watci^fuiness  in  the  prospect 
qfSicknesSt  Mourning,  and  Death.  By  the 
Rev.  J.  Eames,  D.D.  ISmo. — ^We  have 
read  this  little  volume  vrith  pleasure,  for 
it  is  composed  with  much  care  and  know- 
ledge, and  its  pages  are  ornamented  with 
a  warm  and  devout  spirit  of  Christian  ho- 
liness. The  great  subjects  of  a  Cbristisn 
life,  the  duties,  the  trials,  the  temptations 
of  the  world  are  practically  examined,  and 
accompanied  with  the  advice  and  exhorta- 


1840.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


619 


tionA  which  the   Scriptures  afford.    The 
offices   and    service  of    the   ministry  are 
commented  on,  and  their  excellence  point- 
ed out ;  and  the  whole  work  is  written 
in  a  manner  to  engage  the  affections,  and 
satisfy  the  understanding  of  all  serious  and 
Christian  people.     As  we  have  only  room 
for  one  extract,  we  shall  take  it  from  our 
author's  admirable  character  of  Sir  Mat- 
thew  Hale,   p.  341. — "  A  writer  not  less 
eminrnt  for  his  piety  and  wisd("m,  than 
for  his  practical  application  of  them,  has 
testified   to  this  truth  in  a  passage  so  full 
of  force,  that  I  cannot  forbear  alluding  to 
it.    The  secret  direction  of  Almighty  God 
is  principally  seen  in  matters  relating  to 
thf  j^ood  of  the  soul ;  yet  it  may  also  be 
found  in  the  conrerns   of  this  life,  which 
a  tc'>0(l  man  that  fears  God,  and  be^s  his  di- 
mtit)n.  shall  very  often,  if  not  at  all  times, 
tiiul.      1  cm  call  your  experience  to  testi- 
fy, that  even  in  the  external  actions  of  my 
whole   life,   I  was  never  disappointed  of 
the  best  guidance,   and  direction,   when 
I    iiHve    in     humility   and    sincerity   im- 
pl<)re<l    the    secret  direction     and    guid- 
ance of  divine  wisdom."     This  testimony 
is  in  itself  valuable,  because  unquestion- 
able, when  we  look  at  the  character  of  tht 
witness.     He  was  not  only  a  Christian  of 
exemplary  piety, — that  were  enough,  and, 
as  fur  as  he  himself  was  individually  con- 
cerncd,   all    in  all, — but,  in  reference  to 
his  iiitluence  on  society  at  large,  he  was 
far  more,  and  his  example  is  pro}H)rtioQ- 
ally  of  wider  itifluence.     He  was  a  man  of 
extcii.sive    erudition,    vast    acquirements, 
ff.ii;acious  discernment,  sound  discretion, 
Hiid   noble  judgment.     Of  honour  unim- 
prarhed,  even  in  times  of  unparalleled  dif- 
ficulty, he  pursued  with  inflexible  integri- 
ty the  path  of  virtue  and  honour.  Through 
good  report  and  evil  report  he  kept  on  his 
way,  unmoved    by   either   from  his  ap- 
pointed course;  and,  leaving  his  envious 
maligner   to   the   bitterness    of  bis   own 
heart,   he  committed  his  way   unto   the 
Lord,  and  calmly  waited  God*s  leisure  to 
nkuke   his  righteousness  clear.     He   was 
what  every  truly  great  man  was  found  to 
be,   humble   before   God,  in    proportion 
to  the  blessings  vouchsafed  to  him,  and 
kindly  disposed  towards  his  fellow  crea- 
tures,   in   proportion  as  he  was  exalted 
above  them.     He  never  forgot  the  unan- 
swerable question — *  What  hast  thou,  that 
thou  hast  not  received  ?  *  Nor  was  he  ever 
unmindful  that  for  the  use  of  every  talent 
committed  to  his  charge,  whether  learn- 
ing, wealth,  or  station,  or  the  influence 
arising  from  either,  he  would  be  finsUy  re- 
sponsible to  God. 


Poems  qf  Chhalry,  Faery,  and  the 
Olden  Time,  By  Walter  Prideanz,  Esq. 
— The  Poems  in  this  little  volume  are 
written  with  animation  and  elegance. 
The  versification  is  varied,  and  in  har- 
mony with  the  subject.  The  express- 
sion,  except  in  one  or  two  instances,  (as 
p.  105,  *'  a  lovely  island  /ay«,")  is  correct. 
W'e  should  have  quoted  as  a  specimen  of 
the  author's  genius  the  Lay  of  Sir  Amys, 
but  it  is  too  long  to  extract ;  and  a  shorter 
quotation  would  not  do  it  justice.  We 
therefore  give,  from  p.  131, 

THE  hunter's  song. 

*'  The  woodcale  in  the  forest  has  just  began  to 

sing,  [the  wing ; 

The  hare  is  in  the  mead,  and  the  rooks  are  on 
In  the  eye  of  every  blossom  the  night  has  left 

a  tear,  [disappear. 

The  moon  begins  to  pale,  and  the  stars  to 

The  hunters  are  meeting. 
With  horse  and  with  bound. 

And  blithe  hearts  are  greeting 
The  horn's  merry  sound. 

The  Baron  and  the  Squire,  the  Yeoman  and  the 

Knight,  [dight. 

With  many  a  gentle  lady,  in  cap  and  kirtle 
Are  riding  from  the  castle,  a  noble  sight  to  see. 
And  the  treih  air  is  ringing  with  merriment 

and  glee ; 

Away  to  the  green  glen  t 
Away  to  the  wood ! 

When  hunted  with  his  yoemen 
The  bold  Robin  Hood. 

By  meadow  and  by  stream  to  the  green  wood 

we  go,  [the  roe  ; 

Prom  the  bed  in  the  fern  leaves  we  frighten 
His  eyes  are  wild  and  beaatiftU,  his  antlers  are 

wide,  [glance  of  pride. 

And  round  him  for  a  moment  he  throws  a 

Then  onwards  he  boondeCh, 
In  the  face  of  the  mom, 

And  merrily  sonndeth 
The  voice  of  the  bom. 

From  leash  and  tether  loosenM,  o*er  thicket 

and  o'er  lea. 
Away  go  our  dogs,  and  then  follow  we. 
Away  goes  the  venison  thro'  forest  and  thro' 

mead,  [steed. 

And  then  follow  we  with  hound  and  with 

Onwards  before  os. 
Right  nobly  he  bounds. 

And  merry  is  the  chorus 
Of  horns  and  of  bounds. 

O'er  brook  and  o'er  briar,  away  flies  the  dear. 
Still  we  pursue  him,  our  dogs  foUow  near, 
Old  Herod's  on  his  haunch,  and  RuAis  on  hie 
side,  [hide. 

And  brave  Chanticleer  has  flwten*d  on  his 
Thro'  the  wide  stream  be  dashes. 

And  sinks  in  his  gore. 
Where  the  hill-truant  splashes 
The  rork-bedded  shore. 


620 

Then  back  to  onr  homes  rigfbt  merrily  we  ride, 
Dispersing  thro'  the  coontry,  by  vale  and 

mountain  side,  [hall, 

The  Yoeman  to  the  farm,  and  the  Baron  to  his 
The  bound  to  the  kennel,  and  the  banter  to  bis 

stall. 

The  faggot  boms  cheerily. 
The  wassail  bowl  is  bright, 

And  merrily,  right  merrily, 
We  pass  the  winter  night." 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[June, 


of  Oxford  on  the  sabject  of  tbe  Oxford 
writers  has  been  most  wise  and  jndicioaf, 
and  very  worthy  of  his  high  atation  and 
character. 


New  Pantheon ;  or^  Mythology  of  all 
Nations,  ByGeorgeCrabb.il.lf.  18mo.— 
Mr.  Crabb  (the  author  of  the  Technico- 
logicaland  HistoHcal  Dictionaries,)  is  an 
experienced  writer,  who  may  well  be 
trusted  to  compile  a  useful  manual  of  this 
kind  :  but  we  cannot,  in  this  age  of  ex- 
cellent woodcuts,  speak  highly  of  its  em- 
bellishments ;  and  what  could  be  in  viler 
taste  than  the  first,  in  which  a  stupid- 
looking  boy,  in  a  jacket  and  white  trow- 
sers,  the  Bible  lying  aside  clotedt  is 
being  instructed  in  "  Crabb's  Mythology" 
by  a  balf>naked  Mercury  1  We  do  not 
imagine  any  harm  is  meant;  but  we 
really  think  the  design  is  worse  than 
foolish. 


^  Call  to  Union t  on  the  principles  of 
the  English  Reformation  ;  a  Sermon,  By 
W.  F.  Hook,  b,D 

The  Gospelf  and  the  Gospel  only^  the 
Basis  of  Education.  By  W.  F.  Hook, 
D.D. — We  esteem  these  among  the  most 
valuable  discourses  which  have  reached  us 
for  a  very  long  period.  The  former  is 
distinguished  by  extensive  and  familiar 
knowledge  of  the  subject,  sound  and  judi- 
cious reasoning,  candid  statement,  and  a 
truly  Christian  feeling,  **  forbearing  and 
forgiving.'*  Dr.  Hook's  vindication  of 
the  Oxford  tracts  is  most  complete  and 
triumphant :  and  his  observations  on 
the  liturgy,  offices,  and  ceremonials  of 
our  church  at  the  present  day,  compared 
with  primitive  usages,  and  with  the  original 
meaning  and  intent  of  these  usages,  is  im- 
portant, and  we  think  will  lead  to  much 
practical  benefit.  The  real  principles  of 
the  Reformation  are  stated  with  accuracy, 
and  we  trust  that  his  and  other  publica- 
tions that  have  lately  appeared,  especially 
those  from  Oxford,  will  make  these  prin- 
ciples more  clearly  known,  and  more 
willingly  received  than  they  have  been. 
With  regard  to  Mr.  Fronde's  Remains, 
valuable  as  the  book  is,  and  sorry  as  we 
should  have  been  not  to  have  had  it,  we 
think  it  ought  to  have  been  accompanied 
by  cautionary  notes,  and  short  exposi- 
tions and  statements  of  doctrines,  which, 
in  his  forcible  and  somewhat  intemperate 
manner  of  expression,  are  liable  to  mis- 
representation. The  conduct  of  the  Biihop 


Church  Rates,  a  reply  to  the  Eiim-' 
burgh  Review.  By  the  Rev.  W.  Goode, 
M.A.  Rector  of  St.  AntholnCe.  Letter 
L — ^We  have  only  room  to  say  tliat  Mr. 
Goode  has  completely  overthrown  the 
assertions  of  his  adversary,  and  fnUy 
proved  the  superior  accuracy  of  his  reason- 
ing, the  soundness  of  his  statements,  and 
extent  of  his  knowledge.  We  consider 
this  question  of  Church  Rates  to  be  most 
important  indeed  ;  it  is  the  strong  out- 
work of  the  edifice  of  the  national  church, 
the  overthrow  of  which  would  go  far  in 
these  times  to  encourage  the  spirit  and 
increase  the  number  of  its  enemies.  The 
thanks  of  every  churchman  are  due  to 
Mr.  Goode,  for  his  most  able  exposition 
of  the  subject,  which  we  are  sorry  that 
want  of  space  forbids  us  entering  into 
more  minutely. 

The  Plague  and  Quarantine,  By  John 
Murray.  S2  vols — ^The  object  of  this  very 
sensible  and  judicious  pamphlet  is  to  give 
a  short  account  of  the  facts  connected 
with  the  question  of  Epidemia  and  Bnde- 
mia,  in  referehce  to  contagious  and  infec- 
tious disease,  and  to  describe  the  best  pro- 
phylactic means  Some  forcible  observa- 
tions are  made  on  Dr.  Bowring*s  opinions 
regarding  the  non-contagious  nature  of 
the  plague,  and  some  valuable  remarks  on 
the  treatment  of  hydrophobia. 

An  Inquiry  into  the  morbid  ^ecU  ^ 
Deficiency  qfFood,  Sfc.  By  R.  B.  How- 
ard, M,  D. — ^The  observations  of  the 
writer  are  directed  towards  the  occurrenos 
of  distresses  among  the  destitute  poor, 
occurring  from  bad  or  insufficient  food. 
The  symptons  of  disease  are  careftUly 
noted,  and  the  method  of  treatment.  It 
is  an  able  pamphlet. 

''  This  is  my  Body,**  a  Sermon  prtsieked 
hrfore  the  Lord  Mayor,  ^\st  April  1839. 
— **  Our  Father,**  do,  26/A  May  1839.— 
♦•  A  Citizen  of  no  mean  City,**  do.  S8/A 
Sept,  1839.  By  Rev,  Charles  Cator, 
A,M. — The  second  of  these  discourses 
enforces  the  duty  incumbent  on  a  Chris- 
tian nation,  to  spread  among  unenlight-i- 
ened  people  the  knowledge  of  the  ChristisB 
faith :  not  only  the  Bible  as  the  test  of 
truth,  but  also  the  Liturgy  of  the  Chnrch 
of  England,  as  the  purest  form  of  sacred 
words  extant.  The  first  treats  of  the 
errors  of  popery,  and  the  spirit  of  Rmmb- 
ism.  The  third  shows  the  evils  irfiich  hxm 
been  produced  by  dissent  and  methodisB. 
The  whole  of  them  are  worthy  of  the  re- 


1840.] 


Miscellaneimi  Remetos.' 


621 


patation  of  the  preacher,  and  of  the  per* 
sons  to  whom  they  were  addreased.  Mr. 
Cator  writes  with  the  leal  end  knowledge 
of  a  pious  and  learned  chnrelmiany  and 
we  trust  he  will  long  oontinue  *'  one  of 
the  faithful  watchmen  of  the  little  flock  of 
the  Church  of  England.*' 

j4  Lecture  mtrodueiorp  to  the  ttudjf 
of  Philosophy,  delivered  ut  the  College  ^f 
Cheihnnt.  By  Joseph  Sartain,  PkUoe* 
Tutor. — k  xerj  logical,  acnte,  and  ex- 
cellent disquisition,  which  we  recommend 
to  students  as  an  useful  introduction  to 
the  studj  of  philosophy. 

A  Letter  to  T.  D,  AeUmd,  Eeq.  M.P. 
on  the  eye  tern  of  Education  in  the  Dio» 
cesan  Schoole  for  the  Middle  Claeue.  By 
Rev.  R.  Hussey,  B.D.—K  Letter  diatln- 
guished  for  the  soundness  of  its  viewt, 
and  its  judicious  obsenrations  on  different 
points  connected  with  the  education  of 
the  middle  classes. 


trodnetion  it  giten,  containisgMi  aoeomt 
of  the  natand  method,  daariflcation,  and 
a  sketch  of  botanical  geography.  It  i^ 
peara  that  Great  Britain  prodnoef  nmny 
two  floweriesa  for  one  flowering  plant* 
The  wmmktr  of  genera  (bond  about  Lon- 
don is  about  ft^  sixths  of  the  nnmber 
found  in  Great  Britain.  « 


The  Pilyrim's  Proyreea.  By  John 
Bunyan,  \tith  notee,  by  Rep.  •/.  Seoti, 
— This  singular  and  captirating  pro- 
duction, which  in  the  opinion  of 
many  is  among  the  tery  foremost  of 
uninspired  productions,  and  which  by  all 
is  allowed  to  present  the  doctrines  and 
duties  of  the  Christian  religion  in  a  most 
happy  and  ingenious  form,  both  in  the 
spint  of  the  characters  and  the  conduct 
of  the  narratiTC — this  work,  which  at  once 
fascinates  the  young  and  eren  detains  the 
old,  and  which  may  be  considered  on  the 
whole  as  the  most  popular  book  in  our 
language,  has  never  been  produced  with 
such  elegance  of  illustration  and  beaaty 
of  type  as  in  the  present  edition.  The 
genius  of  Stothard  is  here  seen  in  its  hap- 
piest hour  of  inspiration ;  the  designs  are 
delightful,  and  the  one  at  p.  61,  of  Pru- 
dence, Piety,  and  CharitT  meeting  the  Pil- 
grim, is  all  purity,  loTeliness,  and  grace. 
Our  young  female  acquaintance  need  not 
lament  the  Ions  of  *'  annuals,*'  when  their 
place  is  supplied  by  such  ▼olumes  as  this ; 
for  it  is  only  exchanging  a  seat  at "  VmnUW' 
JaW  "  for  a  better  one  in  the  **  Beantiftil 
Temple.'* 


Short  FkmUy  Prmyeroi  ky  m  Memktr 
qfthe  Betabttehed  Ckureh.  We  can  !•• 
commend  this  little  work  with  pleasure  as 
being  an  unexceptionable  manual  of  prajar 
for  domestic  and  daily  use.  They  are 
chiefly  composed  of  the  collects  of  our 
Church,  and  of  prayers  composed  Irf 
Bishop  Andrewes,  Jeremy  Taylor,  Wilsoi^ 
Dr.  jTohnson,  and  oUiers,  preceded  br 
appropriate  passages  from  the  Pfealms  and 
Scriptures. 

Plant  OmoeretOione  comeemimy  tkf 
Ckmrck  qfBmgUmd,  by  a  Lt^^Membor. 
19mo.  —  Whoerer  this  Lay-Member  be» 
he  has  shown  himself  well  aoquslatad 
with  the  doctrines  of  Scripture,  upon 
which  the  Church  of  England  has  founded 
her  claim  to  the  title  of  an  Apoatolieal 
Church.  He  has  defended  her  doiifiiaai 
and  constitution  with  knowledge  and  asat  | 
and  he  has  in  a  small  compass  oonpoaad 
a  work  whidi  may  be  of  great  utiliW  la 
conflrming  a  Churchman  »  the  mstiift^ 
nance  of  the  tenets  in  whidi  he  waa  edu- 
cated, and  arming  him  aghast  the  lasi* 
dions  or  open  attacks  of  those  who  wo«ld 
lead  him  into  sectarianism. 


The  London  Flora.  By  Alexander  Ir- 
vine.—The  limiu  of  the  London  Flora 
extend  to  Southampton  west,  to  North- 
amptonshire north,  and  eastward  to  the 
shire  of  Essex.  The  pisnts  are  arranged 
both  by  the  Linnean  and  natural  systans ; 
copious  indexes  are  subjoined,  and  tbe 
work  will  be  found  moat  nscAU  to  tiM 
botanist  in  his  excursions  In  the  sottthem 
part  of  the  Island.    A  very  excelleat  In- 


A  Letter  to  Retf.  W.  H.  MBU.  By  Of 
Ret.  S.  R.  Maitland.^Thls  letter  com* 
tains  some  very  acute  strictures  on  Mr* 
Bates*8  work  entitled  *'  Tbe  aneieot  Yd- 
lenses  and  Albigenses,"  and  partieriailf 
on  chapter  10,  on  <•  the  fidaeiiood  of  Iha 
allegation  of  Maalcheiiaa  ageiMt  Iht 
Almgenses,  demonstrated  fkoss  ^e  oaaa 
of  tbe  Canona  of  Orieaoa."  Mr.  Mdl. 
land  considers  it  to  be  an  Indispiitabla 
fust  that  the  Canona  of  Orleans  and  tlM 
Albigenses  were  Manichean  bereties  t  nA 
he  **  shows  the  way  in  which  history  la 
penrerted  for  the  purpoees  of  eo^ro* 
▼ersy,"  and  "gives  a  spedaien  (to  wm 
his  words)  of  a  book  which  Is  perilaya 
one  eC  the  boldest  and  weakest  that  a 
reoklass  itrie  of  controversy  has  pro* 
duced."  The  sutqeet  Is  a  very  oani— 
one,  and  tbe  reader  will  be  giattfled  wmik 
Instraetedby  the  light  thrown  oaltlathfa 
traet. 

CgtmUme  t  er,  tkt  RtmMU  Cmtfitaey :  tm 
Hittorieea  Drmm.    Bf  Join  8.  ~ 
(Privately  printed.)— Ala  tii«edy 
not  be  elective  on  the  ftiya  bnt 


G22 


Miscellaneous  Reviewi, 


[JnnCy 


on  the  itage  is  no  proof  of  tragic  ezcel- 
Ifnce.  It  in  far  better  to  read&  good  play 
than  to  n^f  it.  The  best  performera  are 
the  reader's  own  imagination  and  sensi- 
bility. The  present  drama  is  written  with 
taste  and  poetical  feeling  :  the  characters 
well  delineated ;  the  Kentiments  appro- 
priate, dii;iiiti<'d  and  just ;  the  language 
and  versiticntion  elegant  and  correct  Mr. 
Keade  has  a  true  feeling  of  dramatic  ex- 
cellence, and  a  genius  that  we  trust  will 
present  us  some  more  examples  of  its 
power. 

HemiM :  or^  Classical  and  Antiquarian 
Researches.  Bif  Henry  Fox  Talbot,  Esq, 
F.R.S.  IMS.— T/ie  Antiquity  of  the  Book 
of  Genesis,  By  the  same.  1839. — The 
of  rmer  of  these  works  contains  some  very 
curious  and  learned  disquisitions  and  in- 
genious conjectures  on  the  origin  of  various 
words  and  names  in  the  Latin  language. 
The  object  of  the  latter  is  to  show  that 
the  knowledge  of  the  book  of  Genesis  ex- 
isted among  nations  that  are  commonly 
believed  to  have  been  ignorant  of  it,  espe- 
cially the  Phrygians.  We  have  received 
both  pleasure  and  instruction  from  it,  and 
we  recommend  both  thsse  tracts  to  the 
consideration  of  scholars. 


Village  Lectures  on  the  Litany.  By 
the  Rev.  W.  Palin,  i3.^.  — Mr.  Palin 
must  not  think  that  we  are  insensible  to 
the  merit  of  his  volume  if  we  profess  our 
inability  to  give  any  detailed  account  of  it, 
or  transcribe  passages  as  specimens  of  the 
manner  in  which  it  is  executed.  Such 
works  as  his  are  to  be  estimated  rather 
by  a  feeling  of  the  general  merit,  the 
soundness  of  the  doctrine,  the  justness 
and  propriety  of  the  illustrations,  the 
force  of  the  reasoning,  and  the  clearness 
of  the  style.  To  exhibit  these,  or  do  the 
author  justice,  would  require  of  us  a  space 
equal  to  that  of  an  entire  lecture ;  but  we 
have  read  his  work  with  attention,  and 
can  recommend  it  as  a  very  sensible  and 
sound  commentary  on,  or  exposition 
of,  our  admirable  Litany,  the  brightest 
jewel  that  throws  its  sacred  splendour  over 
the  whole  of  our  Liturgical  service  ;  and 
if  it  were  repeated  by  a  whole  congre- 
gation, in  a  spirit  of  love,  piety,  and 
faith,  would  fill  the  temple  of  worship 
with  its  exceeding  lustre.  We  think  these 
lectures  would  form  excellent  discourses 
to  be  read  in  families,  when  time  or  bu- 
siness would  not  admit  any  prolonged 
withdrawal  from  the  engagements  of  liife. 


impossible  it  is  for  oral  diieiuaicms 
on  important  subjects,  even  when  carried 
on  by  persons  of  the  gravest  character  and 
most  sacred  profession,  to  be  conducted 
without  much  indecent  acrimony  and 
casual  violence.  Great  part  of  this  to- 
lume  must  be  offensive  to  Christian  feel* 
ings,  and  some  is  absolutely  unfit  for 
general  perusal.  Much  harm  is  done  to 
Christian  charity,  and  little  is  gained* 
however  skilful  the  combatants  i  a  con* 
troversy  like  this  turns  chiefly  on  the 
errors  and  abuses  of  the  respectiva 
Churches, — in  other  words,  the  struggle 
and  main  tug  of  the  war  lies  in  carrying  on 
the  attack  into  the  enemy's  country,  and 
in  a  triumphant  display  of  all  the  offences 
that  can  be  discovered  and  enumerated. 
Men  do  write,  even  on  things  that  affect 
their  interests  or  passions,  temperattijf 
and  trutl^fully  in  books ;  but  personal 
conferences,  in  the  presence  of  a  deeply- 
interested  audience,  are  dangerous  to  the 
parties  meeting,  and  tend  to  produce  and 
Inflame  passions  in  those  that  listen  to 
them,  most  advene  to  the  sacred  cause 
which  is  the  subject  of  discussion.  If 
controversy  is  necessary,  it  will  be  most 
beneficially  carried  on  through  the  instru- 
mentality of  the  press. 

Sunday  Evening  Instruction  f  or,  /At 
Cfitechism  of  the  Church  qf  Engiand 
familiarly  explained.  By  a  Clerg3nmLan's 
Wife. — One  of  those  excellent  little  works 
which  deserves  the  highest  praise,  and 
defies  criticism. 


The  Prayer  of  the  Church :  a  connected 
Series  of  Rfflections  on  the  Liturgy. — The 
author  says, — **  Because  in  too  many  in- 
stances words  which  have  been  carekMnlj 
repeated  for  a  succession  of  yean  fiiil  to 
communicate  the  depth  and  fulness  of  tiheir 
meaning  to  the  renewed  mind,  it  is  hoped 
that  the  present  attempt  to  lead  such 
minds  to  the  quiet  and  candid  conton- 
plation  of  their  excellence  may  be  blest 
by  Him,  the  Spirit  of  whose  Holy  Word 
is  breathed  in  every  line  of  the  worship 
of  the  Church  of  England  Protestants.*' 
The  design  of  the  author  is  very  fidrlj 
executed. 


Authenticated  Report  of  the  Discuasion 
between  Rev.  T.  Grey  and  Rev.  T.  MaC' 
guire. — This  book  is  a  proof  how  morally 


Rudiments  of  English  ComposUfont  S^» 
By  Alex.  Reid,  A.M. — ^This  dementary 
work  will  be  found  useful  to  the  pupils  of 
a  school,  where  the  master  is  at  hand  to 
explain  the  difficulties  and  enforce  the 
illustrations  by  word  of  mouth.  It  la 
well  calculated  to  direct  the  attention  of 
the  young  scholar  to  the  structure  of  his 
own  language,  and  make  him  senaibla  of 
inaccuracies  and  ineleganciei  of  stjte. 


1840.] 


Fine  Arts. 


Extraettfirom  SMf  Wrift  and  ftarhw 
Authors  t  andintmdwffimcipaUyfor  Sol' 
diers  and  Seamen.  ^  Captain  Sir 
Nisbet  Willoughby.-*-We  have  examined 
the  contents  of  this  volume  with  at- 
tention,  and  must  express  our  approba* 
tion  of  its  design,  and  partly  of  its  execiN 
tioD.  But,  when  a  new  edition  appears^^ 
we  recommend  a  separation  of  the  texts 
of  Scripture  from  the  moral  sentences 
and  religious  maxims  of  uninspired  wri- 
ters :  on  this  ground,  that  uneducated  per- 
sons might  be  very  apt  to  place  them  on 
an  equality,  and  to  think  as  highly  of  the 
productions  of  Mason,  or  H.  More,  as  of 
those  who  wrote  under  the  inspiration  of 
God.  This  improvement  we  think  abso- 
lutely necessary.  The  Bible  texts  should 
form  the  first  division,  and  should  be  fol- 
lowed by  the  others ;  we  think  a  third 
division  might  be  made  of  anecdotes  and 
histories  connected  with  naval  life  and 
actions  (some  of  which  our  author  has 
given),  and  which  either  tend  to  show  the 
piety  and  faith  of  those  mentioned,  or 
the  signal  mercies  and  goodness  of  God, 
as  exhibited  in  cases  of  peril,  which  seem- 
ed to  admit  no  hopes  of  escape  by  human 
means. 


Analysis  of  one  hundred  Voyages  to  and 
from  India  and  China ;  with  remarks  on 
the  advantages  of  Steam  Power  as  an 
auxiliary  aid  to  Shipping,  and  a  ife- 
seription  qf  Melville's  Patent  Propellers. 
By  H.  Wise. — ^The  object  of  this  able  and 
interesting  little  work  is  twofold.  First, 
to  show  the  advantage  of  using  steam 
power  as  an  assistant  to  sailing  vessels 
during  calms,  light  airs,  &c. ;  and,  in 
short,  as  assistance  to  be  used  when  the 
ship  without  it  does  not  proceed  at  more 
than  three  knots  an  hour ;  the  effect  of 
this,  in  shortening  voyages  to  the  East,  is 
shown  by  tabular  analysis  of  a  hundred  voy- 
ages, in  which  the  time  lost  in  calms  and 
light  breezes  is  shown.    The  second  part 


relates  to  Mr.  Melville's  Patent  Prop 
which  the  author  recommends  as  su] 
to  the  present  paddle-wheels,   hot 
efficiency  and  safety :  they  also  hav 
advafatage  of  taking  up  but  little  ? 
and  being  conveniently  stowed.     ] 
are  given  of  the  machinery,  withnect 
descriptions  ;  aiid  we  anticipate  thai 
time  will  not  be  long  before  every 
going  to  the  East  will  be  fitted  up 
thid  additional  means  of  making  her  vo 
with  celerity,  and  consequentiy  with 
creased  safety. 

Complete    EngUsh-Latin   Dictiw 
By  Rev.  J.  E.  Biddle,  A.M.  Svo.    x 
observed  by  the   aullior   that  this 
lume  is  independent  of  itB  unsatbfaci 
predecessors.   It  has  been  composed  \ 
the  aid  of  good  dictionaries,  including 
German  of  Linneman  and  the   Frei 
Latin  of  NoSl.    The  leading  objects  1 
been  to  give  good  Latin,  and  to  exb        m.*- 
complete    English  vocabulary,   witu 
meanings  carefully  decided  and  arranj 
The  book  is  designed  as  a  companiott 
the  Latin  and  English  Dictionary  alreauj 
published  by  the  same  author.    The  an- ' 
thor,  like  his  predecessors,  complains  of 
the  weariness  and  labour   of  his  gram- 
matical tasks,  which  he  now  leaves  for 
pursuits  more  strictly  professional.     For 
the  work  itself,  we  have  no  hesitation  in 
saying,  from  an  accurate  inspection  of  it 
in  different  parts,. that  it  is  executed  with 
great  accuracy    and  knowledge,    and  is 
safely  to  be  recommended,  where  it  will 
be  most  useful,  to  schools  and  colleges ; 
but  at  the  same  time  the  best  scholar  will 
not  find  it  without  its  benefit. 


Moral  Lessons  for  Infant  Schools. — 
Great  pains  appear  to  be  taken  to  make 
these  elementary  little  works  as  intelli- 
gible and  useful  as  possible.  The  present 
one,  written  by  the  author  of  **  Lessons 
on  Objects,"  is  most  excellent. 


FINE  ARTS. 


THB  ART  UNION. 

April  27.  The  fourth  Annual  Meeting 
of  this  Association  was  held  at  Mr. 
Rainy's  Gallery  in  Regent  Street,  the 
Marquess  of  Northampton  in  the  chair.  At 
the  request  of  the  Committee  George  God- 
win, jun.  esq.  F.R.S.  officiated  as  Hono- 
rary Secretary,  and  read  the  report. 
From  this  it  was  seen  that  the  number  of 
members  had  increased  from  1058  to 
1970,  and  that  the  total  amount  sub- 
scribed was  2250/:  of  this  the  Commit- 


tee had  allotted  the  sum  of  1400/.  for  the 
purchase  of  forty-two  works  of  art,  on  the 
following  scale,  namely,  one  at  200/.,  one 
at  150/.,  one  at  100/.,  one  at  80/.,  one  at 
GfU.,  five  at  50/.  each,  two  at  30/.,  ten  at 
357.,  ten  at  15/.,  and  ten  at  10/.  each. 
Besides  these  various  sums,  sixty  proof 
impressions  of  the  engraving,  to  be  here- 
after published  by  the  Society,  were  added 
as  prizes. 

The  report  congratulated  the  meeting 
on   the   establishment    of    Local    Art- 


G24 


Fine  Arts. 


[Jane, 


Unionii  throughout  the  country,  several 
uf  them  direct  consequences  of  the  Art 
Union  of  London.  *'  Liveri)ool,  Birming- 
ham, Manchester,  Leeds,  Norwich,  Bath, 
and  Bristol,  are  each  taking  their  part  in 
the  efforts  now  being  made  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  aits.  In  the  sister 
kingdom  too,  Ireland,  where,  up  to  this 
time,  the  arts  have  been  grievously  ne- 
glected, a  similar  association  has  been 
formed,  and  i.s  proceeding,  it  is  said,  with 
good  success.*'  The  couimittre  mention- 
ed  their  intention,  notwithstanding,  to  in- 
crease greatly  their  list  of  local  secreta- 
ries, so  as  to  ntake  it  include,  if  possible, 
a  resident  in  every  important  town  in  the 
United  Kingdom.  Scrutineers  having  been 
appointed,  the  distribution  was  made  by 
lot ;  and  the  following  were  announced  as 
the  names  of  the  highest  prizeholders  : — 
Walter  Boyd,  200/.;  John  Marshall, 
150/.;  Charles  Pigeon,  100/.;  R.  Bal- 
chin,  80/.  ;  D.  R.  Blane,  (iOL ;  and  J.  B. 
Montefiore,  David  Lidderdale,  Luke  Min- 
chall,  C.  Adlard,  and  Walter  Ellis,  50/. 
each. 


SIR  SIMOy  CLARKE*S  PICTURES. 

This  famous  and  beautiful  collection  of 
works  by  the  old  masters  was  sold  by 
Christie  and  Manson  on  the  8th  and  9th 
of  May.  We  copy  from  the  catalogue  the 
names  of  those  pictures  which  brought 
higher  sums  than  200/.,  with  the  names 
of  the  parties  by  whom  they  were  pur- 
chased. 

A.     Cara CGI.— Assumption  of    the 
Virgin.     (G.  Holford.  esq.  220/.  10a.) 

A.  Van  Osiade. — Cottage  interior, 
dated  IGGB.  From  the  collection  of 
Prince  de  Conti,  &c.  exhibited  at  British 
Gallery,  1815.  (Mr.  Nieuwenhuys, 
325/.  10».) 

A.  Van  Ostade — Two  Peasants  at 
Cards,  the  companion,  10*73.  (The  same, 
325/.  10«.) 

Rubens. — Portrait  of  Helena  Forman. 
From  the  collections  of  M.  Pasquier,  the 
Due  de  Praslin,  and  M.  Robit.  (Mr. 
Brown,  309/.  15«.) 

Claude. — A  Woody  Landscape,  with 
the  Virgin  seated  with  the  Infant,  to  whom 
an  angel  is  presenting  fruit ;  St.  Joseph 
is  occupied  with  the  ass  near  them.  (Mr. 
Sherrard,  262/.  10«.) 

Berghem.  —  Roman  Ruins  near  a 
Bridge,  over  a  Cascade  ;  a  brilliant  even» 
ing.     (Mr.  Holford,  252/.) 

Berghem. — The  Ruins  of  a  Roman 
Aqueduct,  evening ;  the  companion.  (Sir 
Robert  Peel,  404/.  5#.) 

Rachel  Ruysch,  1720. — A  Group  of 
8 


Fruit,  in  a  Wood,  with  insects,  and  a  li- 
zard attacking  a  bird's-nest.  Formerly  in 
the  cabinet  of  the  Prince  Regent.  (Mr. 
Daubeny,  287/.  14«.) 

The  Same,  1719.— A  Group  of  Flow, 
era  in  a  glass  vase,  in  which  the  window  of 
an  apartment  is  reflected.  The  com- 
panion.    (Mr.  Cope,  210/.J 

Rembrandt  Van  Rhtn. — Le  Port 
Drapeau ;  Rembrandt  in  the  character  of 
a  Standard  Bearer.  From  the  collection 
of  the  Chevalier  Verhulst,  M.  le  Boeof, 
and  M.  Robit ;  was  afterwards  in  that  of 
George  IV.,  who  exchanged  it  with  M. 
Lafontaine  for  other  pictures.  (Baron 
Lionel  RothschUd,  840/.) 

RuTSDAEL. — A  Waterfall,  placed  be- 
tween a  woody  bank,  on  which  is  a  cot- 
tage, and  rocks  on  which  two  fignrea 
are  conversing.  (M.  Nieuwenhnys, 
55G/.  10*.) 

NicoLQ  PoussiN. — ^The  Holy  Family, 
with  a  Group  of  Four  Angels.  Engraft 
by  Pesne.  From  the  collection  of  the 
Due  de  Deux  Fonts,  M.  Robit,  and  Lord 
Radstock.  (T.  H.  Hope,  esq.  M.P. 
273/.) 

Terburo. — Reading  a  Letter.  From 
the  collection  of  M.  Ponlain,  M.  Proley, 
M.  Robit,  and  G.  Hibbert,  esq.  Elxhim- 
ted  in  British  Gallery  1815.  (M.  Niea- 
weuhuys,  435/.  I5a.) 

Karel  du  Jardin. — A  Bnllocki  an 
Ass,  some  Sheep  and  Croats,  under  a  gronp 
of  trees  in  a  warm  sunny  landscape,  ftc 
From  the  collection  of  M.  Robit.  (Sir  B. 
Peel,  976/.  lOt.) 

Rubens. — Diana  departing  for  the 
Chase ;  from  the  collections  of  M.  Won- 
ter,  Walchemer,  and  G.  Hibbert,  esq. 
(M.  Nieuwenhuys,  610/.  10«.) 

Teniers. — The  Industrious  House- 
wife ;  a  woman,  in  a  red  corslet,  t*^»»v^^g 
a  pot  upon  a  tub,  and  a  man  looklnf  at 
her  from  a  vrindow.  From  the  coUectioBS 
of  M.  Julienne,  M.  Nyert,  the  Prince  de 
Conti,  Count  de  Merle ;  and  purdiaied 
by  Sir  S.  Clarke  from  the  collection  of  H. 
Noir  de  Breuil,  in  1821.  (Baron  Liond 
Rothschild,  283/.  10«.) 

Paul  Veronese. — ^Venus  seated  on  a 
Couch,  withholding  the  bow  of  Cupid. 
Formerly  in  the  Colonna  Palace,  and  sob* 
sequently  in  the  collection  of  Walsh  Ftor- 
ter,  esq.     (Mr.  Artaria,  3S5/.  10«.) 

Brill  and  Rot£NHabmb&. — ^Dlaaa 
and  Actseon.    (G.  Byng,  esq.  Bi.P.  815£i) 

CuTP. — A  castle  on  a  rotnt,  orerioold^f 
a  bay,  in  which  teasels  are  lying,  a  biilliaBt 
moonlight.     (Earl  of  NormanUm,  d57M 

GuiDO.  —  The  Magdalen  aeatad.  (6. 
Byng,  esq.  M.P.,j^lO.) 

GuiDo.  —  Head  of    the   MagdakB, 


J  840.] 


Fine  Arts, 


625 


her  hand  on  her  breast,  which  id  nearly 
covered  by  her  huir.     ^National   Gallery, 

Rkmbrandt  Van  Rhyn.— ♦•  The  Tri- 
bute Money,"  dated  lb'4.">.  Probably  the 
j»ioture  engraved  by  MeArdell,  at  the  time 
it  was  in  the  eollectiou  of  John  Black- 
wijod,  ejj(|.  From  the  collection  of  M. 
Kobit.  Kxhibited  in  the  British  Gallery 
in  l^'l.'i.     (Mr.  Woodburn,  jfe'(i30.) 

DoMKNiC'iiiNO. —  '*The  Ma<fdalen  in 
(  onteniplution  ;*'  in  a  red,  yellow,  and 
blue  draperv,  restini^  ou  a  stone  pedestal. 
((;.  Molford',  esq.  £(m  .1*.) 

Wii.MAM  MikRi>9  — "A  Man  and 
Woman  "  at  a  iicul])tured  window,  with 
rriinped  fi>h  and  a  glass  of  li(|Uor.  (Mr. 
Artaria,  £24(1  i:»t.) 

Adrian  Va.n  i)e  Vki.de,  lO'Gy. — "A 
Woman  milking  a  Cow."  (Mr.  Acraman, 
of  Bristol,  £\4G  10*.) 

GuKRCiNo. — ••  Christ  and  the  Woman 
of  Samaria."  From  the  Balbi  Palace. 
(Lord  Northwick,  i:3'i5  10*.) 

Clai'dk. — '•  A  Sea-port  at  Sunrise.** 
From  the  collection  of  Madame  Bande- 
ville  and  Monsieur  Robit.  Exhibited  in 
the  British  Gallery  lUJI.  (Mr.  Norton, 
i:7.J3.) 

Carlo  Doi.cf.. — St.  John.  From  the 
(iallery  of  I^iieien  Buonaparte.  (M. 
Nieuweuhuys,  ;t'504.) 

Carlo  Uolce.  — St.  Matthew.  The 
('  >mpanion  picture.  ^Mr.  Artaria,  £i)'t'i 
1()«.) 

RL'YsnAKi. — "A  Winter  Scene;"  a 
canal  \%ith  a  \illage.  From  the  collection 
ol  M.  Geldemecster.  (Mr.  Artaria,  £210.) 
WorvKRMANJ*. — •*  Le  Depart  des  Ca- 
valiers,' A  party  of  cavalry  soldierji  with 
three  hor>e!i  preparinjc  to  depart  from  a 
ituttler's  booth  erected  near  the  centre  of 
a  barren  landscape  at  the  side  of  an  old 
tree.  From  the  collections  of  Le  Mar- 
(|uii  de  Pant^e,  M.  Monlribhmrl,  and  M. 
Foloznn.  Engraved  by  Moyreau.  (M. 
Nieuwenhuys,  £4A'i  15*.) 

.\DRtAN  Van  i)k  Vklue. —  Under  the 
shade  of  some  noble  trees  peasants  are 
pasiiiig  a  ford  with  cattle.  From  the 
collrctiou  of  M.  Robit.  (Sir  Robert 
Peel.  jr,[)H  lOt.) 

Jan  .*<t««n.— *•  The  Tired  Traveller.** 
Fn>m  the  collections  of  the  Due  de  Va- 
lentinoi<i,  and  J.  F.  Tuffen,  e»q.  181 H. 
Kihibited  in  the  British  Gallery  IHlD. 
(H.  Bevan,  esq.  ^.^UK.) 

William  Van  dk  Veldi.^"  A  calm.*' 
with  a  Dutch  fleet  at  anchor,  awaiting  a 
roval  personage,  who  is  embarking  from  a 
yacht.     (Mr.  Brown.  £\(m.) 

NicoLo  PorsaiN. — "  Venus  appearing 
to  .iCneas.*'     From  the  coUectioni  of  the 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XIII. 


Prince  dt  Carignan  and  M.  Robit.  Ex- 
hibited  in  the  British  Gallery  in  183S2. 
(M.  Nieuweuhuys,  i'SG'i  ll»jr.) 

(i  AMR  I  EL  Metzu. — Le  Corset  Rouge  ; 
the  companion  to  the  celebrated  Corsat 
Bleu.  From  the  collections  of  R.  de 
Boi.sset,  M.  Destouches,  M.  Wat  tier,  and 
M.  Kobit.  Exhibited  in  the  British  Gal- 
lery  in  ltil3.  (M.  Nieuwenhuys,  £5^i 
111.) 

CuYP. — "  .\  woman  milking  a  Cow  ;" 
a  view  near  the  river  Maes.  From  the 
collection  of  M.  Robit.  Exhibited  in  the 
British  Gallery  in  1B'.'9.  (Mr.  Artaria, 
iry.").!  10*.) 

Rubens. —  "Tlic  Holy  Family  ;**  a 
composition  of  four  tigures,  as  large  as 
life,  seen  to  the  knees.  This  capital  pic- 
ture is  stated  to  have  been  painted  for  a 
M.  Grouin,  in  whose  family  it  continued 
until  it  was  purchased  for  the  Preale  Col- 
lection, from  whence  it  was  transferred  to 
the  collections  of  M.  Robit,  M.  Wouter, 
Valekenier,  Mr.  Bryan,  and  G.  Hibbeit, 
esq.  Engrtved  by  J.  W*^ard.  (G.  Hol- 
ford.  esq.  £945.) 

Teniers. — •*  The  Freemasons.*'  For- 
merly in  the  collection  of  M.  Bellanger, 
1747.  and  engraved  by  Lepicier,  wider 
the  title  of  "  Les  Francs-Masons  Fla- 
mands.**     (Mr.  Cone,  iTtitil  10*.) 

MuRiLLo.  — '^The  Good  Shepherd," 
from  the  collection  of  M.  Robit.  (Baron 
Lionel  Rothschild,  £304.).) 

MuRiLLO.— "The  Infant  St.  John," 
from  the  s-ime  collection.  (The  National 
Gallery,  X\',100.) 

The  amount  obtained  for  the  collection 
exceeded  £26,000.)  Two  pictnrea,  it 
will  be  seen,  are  adde<l  to  the  National 
Gallerv,  a  Guido  and  a  Murillo. 

PICTURE  BY  WEST. 

The  vestry  of  Marylebone  have  sold  bj 
public  auction,  for  the  sum  of  ten  pounds, 
the  "  transparent  picture  **  of  the  Annun- 
ciation, ])ainted  by  the  late  Benjamin 
West ;  for  which  a  former  vestry  paid  the 
sum  of  irHOO.  There  was  but  one  bidder 
— a  Mr.  John  Wilson,  to  whom  it  waa 
"knocked  down;**  but  it  is  said  that 
within  a  few  minutes  after  he  waa  offered 
for  it,  and  refused,  ten  times  the  amount. 
It  formerly  occupied  a  large  space  in  the 
centre  of  the  organ  of  Marylebone  New 
Church  ;  but  in  the  year  IH26  it  waa  re- 
moved, and  has  since,  for  fourteen  yeara, 
been  lying  in  a  lumber  room  at  the  Alarr- 
lebone  Court  House,  until  directed  to  M 
sold.  It  is  to  be  lamented  that  no  pnblio 
spirited  individual  waa  by,  in  order  to  havo 
placed  it  where  it  might  be  mcd  and 
valued. 

4L 


626 


LITERARY    AND  SCIENTIFIC    INTELLIGENCE. 


NEW  rrBLICATIONH. 

Ilittory  and  Biography. 

The  Monumental  Kffigies  of  Great  Bri- 
tain. Drawn  and  Etched  by  Thomas 
Holms  and  Georgk  IIollis,  corre- 
sponding with  the  work  of  C.  A.  Stothard. 
Part  I.     10  plates.  V2h,  6d. 

Chronological  Tallies  of  Universal  His- 
tory, from  the  licginning  of  Time  to  the 
Present  Day,  5(c.     fol.  Mt,  GJ. 

Fuller's  History  of  the  University  of 
Cambridge.  By  the  Rev.  M.  Prick ett, 
M.A.,  F.S.A.  and  T.  Wright,  M.A., 
F.S.A.  Trin.  Coll.  Cambridge,    ^vo.   Ut. 

Life  of  the  Rev.  T.  M'Cric,  D.D.  by 
his  Son.     Bvo.  9«. 

Ecclesiastical  History  of  the  English 
Nation,  by  the  Venerable  Bede,  translated 
into  English  from  the  Text,  as  amended 
by  Stevenson  ;  with  Introduction,  Notes, 
&c.  By  tlie  Rev.  Dr.  Gilek,  late  Head 
Master  of  the  City  of  London  School. 
8vo.  8«. 

The  Early  English  Church ;  or.  Chris- 
tian History  of  England  in  early  British, 
Saxon,  and  Norman  Times.  By  the  Rev. 
Edward  Churtox,  M.A.  Rector  of 
Crayke,  Durham.  (''  Englishman's  Li- 
brary," vol.  VI IL)     fcap.  8vo.  4*.  G'rf. 

Historical  Records  of  the  British  Army : 
The  Second  Dragoons,  or  Scots  Greys. 
Hvo.  8#. 

The  Spanish  Armada  in  1588.  By  the 
Rev.  T.  Lath  BURY.    fcap.  3«. 

TYavehy  Sfc. 

Narrative  of  a  Whaling  Voyage  round 
the  Globe.  By  F.  D.  Bennett,  esq. 
F.R.G.S.     2  vols.     8vo.  28#. 

Three  Years'  Residence  in  Canada.  By 
T.  R.  Preston.     2  vols.     8vo.  21». 

A  Personal  Narrative  of  a  Visit  to 
Ghuzni,  Kabul,  and  Afghanistan,  and  of 
a  Residence  at  the  Court  of  Dost  Moha- 
raed ;  with  Notices  of  Runjit  Sing,  Khiva, 
and  the  Russian  Expedition.  By  G.  T. 
Vigne,  esq.  F.G.S.     Bvo.  2U. 

The  British  Empire  in  India.  By  M. 
de  Bjornstjerna.  Translated  from  the 
German.    8vo.  8«.  6d. 

Letters  on  India.  By  the  Rev.  W. 
Buyer.     12mo.  bs. 

Description  of  British  Guiana.  By 
R.  H.  ScHOMBOURGK.     8vo.  5«. 

Digest  of  the  Evidence  upon  China. 
Sto,  3«.  6d. 

Divinity, 

The  Standard  of  Catholicity.  By  the 
Rev.  G.  E.  BiBBR,  LL.D.    8vo.  14*. 


Justification  as  revealed  in  Scripture. 
By  J.  Bennett,  D.D.     8vo.  9t. 

Tracts  on  Popery.  Parts  I.  to  V.  com- 
pleting the  Volume,  containing  theTncts 
published  in  1G87,  under  the  title  of  "  The 
Notes  of  the  Church,  as  laid  down  by 
Cardinal  Bellarmine,  Examined  and  Con- 
futed," written  severally  by  Archbiihop 
Tenison,  Bishops  Kidder,  Patrick,  Wil- 
liams, Fowler,  Stratford,  and  Grove,  Dn. 
Sherlock,  Clagett,  &c.  Vol.  I.  7«.  6<f. 
bds. 

Patterson's  Lectures  on  St.  John, 
ch.  14, 15,  16.     ISmo.  6«. 

Maritime  Discovery  and  Christian  Mis- 
sions,  considered  in  their  Mutual  Rela- 
tions, &c.  &c.  By  the  Rev.  Jobn  Camp- 
bell, Author  of  '*  Jethro,"  aPrixeEnay* 
bvo.  12*. 

Early  Days  in  the  Society  of  Friends, 
exemplifying  the  obedience  of  Fnth,  in 
some  of  its  First  Memben.  By  Mabt 
Ann  Keltt.    1$,  6d. 

Clasncal  Literature. 

TheMensechmeiof  Flautai,  with  Notes 
and  a  complete  Glossary.  Br  Jamsb 
HiLDTARD,  M.A.  late  Fdlow  of  Chriit*i 
Coll.  Camb.     2nd  edit.     8vo.  7«.  6d. 

The  Aulularia  of  Plautua,  with  a  Glos- 
sary and  Notes.  By  the  same  Editor. 
Bvo.  7*.  ^d, 

A  Review  of  Lord  Brougham's  Tniis- 
lation  of  the  Oration  of  DCTioBthenei  on 
the  Crown.  Reprinted  from  the  Times 
Newspaper.    Post  8vo.  7#.  6i7. 

Tacitus — Grermania,  Agricola,  and  An- 
nals I. ;  with  Notes  in  English  firom  Bn- 
perti,  Passow,  Walsh,  and  Bflttloher'i 
Remarks  on  the  Style  of  Tacitus.    ISmo. 

Euripides — Iphigenia  in  Anils,  with 
English  Notes.     8vo.  6«. 

Plato— The  Apology  of  Socrates,  tiie 
Crito,  and  part  of  the  Phoedo ;  with  Notes 
in  English,  from  Stallbaiun  and  Schlder- 
macher's  Introductions.     12mo.  fir. 

Life  of  Socrates.  By  Dr.  O.  WieeiES. 
Translated  from  the  German,  with  Notei. 
12mo.  3«.  Qd, 

Cicero  de  Senectnte,  firom  the  Text  of 
Otto,  with  English  Notes.    ISmo.  Sr.fitf. 

Literature,  ^. 

The  Hieroglyphics  of  Hsrapollo  l^niosi- 
By  A.  T.  Cory,    post  Bvo.  7«.  M. 

Pethbram's  Historical  Sket«diof  An* 
glo-Saxon  literatore.    Sa. 

Poetrp^ 

Poems.     By  W.  H.  LiiTHAM,    8to« 

108,  6d, 


1840.] 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence, 


627 


Christ  and  Antichrist  ;  a  Poem,  in 
Seven  Cantos.  Bj  a  layman  of  the 
United  Church  of  Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land,    fcap  8vo.  7#.  6</. 

Poems,  chiefly  Dramatic.  Edited  by 
Thomas  Hill  Lowe,  Dean  of  Exeter. 
l-?mo.  (j*. 

Gregory  the  Seventh,  a  Tragedy.  By 
R.  H.  Horns.     Hvo.  5«. 

The  Regrets  of  Memory ;  a  Poem;  with 
Minor  Poems  and  Translations.    8vo.  .'>#. 

rx>ss  of  the  Tigris ;  a  Poem.  By  H. 
RiCHARDSOX.      8vo.  At.  6d. 

Joan  of  Arc  ;  a  Play.  By  Mrs,  Sar- 
<;ant.     Hvo.  4*. 

The  Hyacinth,  and  Lyrics.    By  Joseph 

MiDDLETON.       iHmO.    i?*. 

Tlie  Rubi,  a  Tale  of  the  Sea ;  a  Poem, 
in  Six  Cantos.  By  Frederic  W.  Mant, 
late  R.N.     fcap  Hvo.  4#.  6d. 

Poems,  Tales,  and  Essays.  By  C. 
HooLKV.     \'2mo.  4«. 

NorelM  and  Taie*. 

Precept-s  and  Practice.  By  Theodore 
Hook.     .{  vols.   Mg.  6d, 

The  Countess  of  Salisbury ;  an  Histo- 
rical Romance.  To  which  is  added,  '*  The 
Maid  of  Corinth."     3  vols.  31#.  (></. 

Rivalry.  By  Hknry  Milton,  esq. 
{  vols.   Ms.  Cid. 

Krnotinc ;  or,  the  Child  of  Mystery. 
'A  vols.   31*.  (id. 

Hflwkwood  ;  a  Romance  of  Italy. 
.'•  v(»lf«.  31#.  (id. 

The  Interdict;  a  Novel.  By  Mrs. 
Stkward.     3  vols.  3 It.  lid. 

The  .Maid's  Huhband  ;  a  Novel.   3  vols. 

Timoii,  l)ut  not  of  Athens.  2  vols.  2\». 

liii^liston.  By(iRArK\VKHSTKR.  H)9.6d. 

The    ()r)>han    of   Nepaul.      post   'Ivo. 

The  I*ast  Days  of  a  Condemned.  From 
the  Freuih  of  Vittor  Hi'go.  By  Sir 
V.  H.  Flkktwooi>,  Bart.     Hvo.   7».  Cd. 

Law. 

Woodf.iU's  Landlord  and  Tenant.  By 
S.  H.  IIarrison.     Royal  Hvo.  31#.  €td. 

('or)TK'H  I^w  of  I  landlord  and  Tenant. 
Royal  *<vo.  '2\». 

VVictRAM'H  Intrinsic  Evidence  on  Wills. 
>'vo.   I0#. 

Perpetuation  or  Extinction  of  the  Ec« 
cI(•^*ia^ti<*al  Jurihdiction.  By  T.  Clark. 
Imp.  ''\o.  'J*,  (id. 

Medicine, 

Observations  on  the  Diseases  incident 
to  l'regn.incy  and  (.'hildl>ed.  By  F. 
(hi  Hriiit.i.,  M.D.     Hvo.   K*J». 

letter  to  .Sir  B.  C.  Brodie  on  Local 
Nr^^ouA  Affections.  By  W.  Goodlad. 
>'\o.    t'ul. 

Trcfitiie  on  Canctr,  Ate.    By  J.  MvL« 


lkr,  M.D.    Translated  from  the  German 
by  C.  West.     Part  I.     8?o.  7#.  6d, 

Natural  HUtory, 

Botany  of  the  Himalayan  Mountain!. 
By  Professor  J.  Fobbks  Rotlk,  M.D., 
V.P.R.S.,  &c.  &c.  Part  IL  Imp.  4to. 
20«. 

A  Treatise  on  Shells  and  Shell-fish. 
ByW.  SwAiNSON,  F.R.S.  (Cabinet  Cy- 
clopsedia,  vol.  I'Zl.)     6$. 

Fine  Af  tt. 

Theory  and  Practice  of  Water  Colour 
Painting,  elucidated  in  a  Series  of  Letters. 
By  George  Barrett.  Royal  8yo. 
10*.  Gd. 


OXFORD. 


The  judges  appointed  to  decide  on  the 
Denyer  Theological  Prizes  have  awarded 
that  "  on  the  Doctrine  of  Faith  in  the 
HolyTrinity,"  to  the  Rev.  Charles  Brooks- 
bank,  M. A.  of  Christ  Church  ;  and  that 
"  on  the  Duties  of  Christianity,  compre- 
hending Personal,  Family,  and  National/* 
to  the  Rev.  Edward  ilalifax  Hansell, 
M.A.  Demy  of  Magdalen  College. 


trinity    college,    DUBLIN. 

A  statute  wholly  repealing  the  celibacy 
of  the  Fellows  of  this  College,  and  appoint- 
ing ten  new  Fellowships,  has  been  issued 
by  the  Crown  under  letters  patent.  Four 
only  of  the  new  Fellows  are  to  be  tatori« 
the  remaining  six  being  probationers,  to 
rise  into  vacant  tutorships  according  as 
they  occur.  These  probationers  are  to  be 
eligible  to  all  other  offices  to  which  Junior 
Fellows  are  at  present  entitled,  and  are 
also  to  have  their  commons  and  chamben 
free.  One  of  the  new  Fellowships  is  to 
be  filled  up  this  and  every  year  for  the 
neit  nine  years  until  the  whole  number 
be  completed,  and  afterwards  there  is  to 
be  an  examination  held  every  year,  bat 
never  more  than  two  vacancies  filled  up  at 
any  one  time ;  and  if  at  any  time  there  bo 
more  than  two  vacancies,  the  surplns 
vacancies  are  to  be  held  over  and  filled  by 
the  best  answerers  at  the  examination  at 
which  these  vacancies  existed. 

The  prize  of  50/.  for  the  best  Essay  oa 
"  Tlie  Impediments  to  Knowledge,  cre- 
ated by  logomachy,  or  the  sJbuse  of 
Words,"  proposed  to  the  Graduates  of 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  by  Philin  Bory 
Duncan,  esc|.  Fellow  of  New  CoUaget 
Oxford,  together  with  i25/.  for  the  ez- 
p<-nse  of  printing,  hss  been  awarded  to 
the  Rev.  W.  Fitzgerald,  author  of  a 
pamphlet,  entitled  "  Episcopacy,  Tradi- 
tion,  and  the  Sacraments,  considered  in 
reference  to  the  Oxford  Tracta.*' 


CJ3 


Literal^  and  Scientific  InitUigence, 


[June, 


KtliHhuryh.—'nxQ  Pitt  Prize  of  MH.  for 
the  best  Essay  *'  On  the  Influence  of 
Creeds  and  Confexsions  upon  the  Progress 
of  Theology  as  a  Science,"  has  just  been 
decided.  The  motto  of  the  successful 
Essay  is,  "  Opinionum  commenta  delet 
(lies,  naturae  judicia  confinnat ;  **  and  the 
address  in  the  sealed  note  accompanying 
the  Essay  waa  found  to  be,  '*  Mr.  John 
Baillic,  Greenside  House,  Edinburgh.** 
This  prize  arises  from  the  interest  of 
8000/.  set  apart  for  the  purpose  by  the 
Pitt  Club  some  yean  ago,  on  its  dissolu- 
tion. 


3 1  St  Dec.  1839,  there  was  receiYed  (in- 
cluding the  balance  on  the  31rt  Decem- 
ber, 1838),  19,@(>9/.  9«.  5c2. ;  and  that 
there  had  been  disbursed  in  the  tame 
period  19>554/.  3t.  %d.  leaving  a  balance 
in  the  treasurer's  hands  amounting  to 
315/.  .■>«.  Od, 


Eton  Co/Ztf^t.— The  Ncwcattle  scho- 
larship election  terminated  on  April  G. 
Examiners:  Lord  Lyttelton  and  \V.  E. 
Gladstone,  M.  P.  Scholar  —  Seymour. 
Medalist — Hallam,  son  of  the  author  of 
••  The  Middle  Ages. '» 

KING'r    COLLEGE,    LONDON. 

April  30.  The  annunl  general  court  of 
proprietors  was  held,  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury,  visitor,  in  the  chair.  Tlie 
report  of  the  council  stated  that  the  total 
number  at  present  studying  in  the  college 
was  777.  The  Civil  Engineering  depart- 
ment had  already  answered  their  expecta- 
tions ;  the  number  of  pupils  had  increased 
since  the  last  re|>ort  from  31  to  50.  In 
this  department  a  new  class  had  been 
opened  for  the  purpose  of  affording  to  the 
students  practical  instruction  in  the  manu- 
facture of  machinery.  The  students  in 
this  branch  had  the  aidvantage  of  visiting, 
accompanied  by  their  instructor,  the 
various  manufactories,  in  order  to  wit- 
ness the  operations  of  the  steam-engine, 
&c.  and  a  large  room  had  been  fitted  up 
in  the  institution  for  workshops,  for  the 
superintendence  of  which  the  council  had 
engaged  the  services  of  a  comjietent  per- 
son. In  the  medical  department  the  nam  • 
ber  of  admissions  had  considerably  in- 
creased, owing  to  the  announcement  last 
year  of  the  expectation  of  the  council  that 
a  hospital,  in  connection  with  the  college, 
would  soon  be  established.  Thnt  hos- 
pital was  now  open,  to  the  extent  of  50 
beds,  and  it  was  hoped  that  on  the  1 2th 
of  May  it  would  have  100  beds.  The 
council  proposed  to  provide  chambers  for 
the  residence  of  the  medical  students  at- 
tached to  the  college,  who,  nt  present, 
were  scattered  in  various  parts  of  the 
metropolis.  This  plan  the  council  pro- 
posed to  carry  out  by  means  of  shares  of 
hi,  each,  and  no  large  sum  of  money  would 
be  required  for  the  purpose.  A  labora- 
tory for  operative  chemistry  has  been 
opened. 

By  the  general  statement  of  account,  it 
appeared  that,  from  the  let  Jan.  to  the 


LONDON  UNIVERSITY  COLLXOK. 

May  I .  The  annual  meeting  took  place, 
the  liight  Hon.  Sir  Stephen  Lushington 
in  the  chair.  The  report  of  the  last  year 
showed  that  there  were  414  students  in 
the  medical  school.  The  distribution  of 
the  fj^oXA  medals  and  first  certificate  was 
as  follows — Class  of  Surgery,  Mr.  Henry 
Beaumont,  of  Huddersfield.  Obstetric 
Medicine,  Mr.  II.  S.  Taylor,  of  Guild- 
ford. Anatomy,  Mr.  J.  C.  Bucknill. 
Chemistry,  Mr.  Edward  Ballard,  of  Is- 
lington. Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Mr. 
T.  H.  Kelson,  of  Bath.  Comparative 
Anatomy,  Mr.  Ricliard  Quain,  of  Mal- 
low. Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics, 
Mr.  William  Preston.  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine, Mr.  Thomas  P.  Matthew.  Fellows' 
Clinical  gold  medal  to  Mr.  C.  B.  Sewell, 
of  Linton,  and  Henry  Flggins,  of  London. 
Silver  medals  and  certificates  were  also 
awarded. 


ROYAL  SOCIETY. 

March  12.  The  Marquess  of  North- 
ampton, Pres. — Read,  1.  On  certain  varia- 
tions of  the  mean  height  of  the  Barometer ; 
mean  temperature,  and  depth  of  Rain, 
connected  with  the  Lunar  Phases,  in  the 
cycle  of  years  from  1815  to  18S3,  by  Jjuke 
Howard,  esq. ;  2.  On  the  theory  of  the 
dark  bands  formed  in  the  solar  spectrum 
from  partial  interception  by  transparent 
plates,  by  the  Rev.  Baden  Powell. 

March  19.  The  President  in  the  chair. 
— A  paper  was  read  entitled.  Contributions 
to  Terrestrial  Magnetism,  by  Mqor  E. 
Sabine. 

March  2G.  The  President  in  the  chair. 
Tiie  reading  was  resumed  and  ccmcluded 
of  Professor  Faraday's  Seventeenth  series 
of  Researches  in  Electricity,  being  on  the 
source  of  power  in  the  Voltaic  Pile. 

Ajyril  2.  'llie  President  in  the  chair. — 
The  Duke  of  Richmond  and  John  Gwyn 
Jefferys,  esq.  of  Swansea,  were  elected 
Fellows  of  the  Society.  Read,  I .  Post- 
script to  Mr.  Faraday's  Sercnteenth  series 
of  V  xperimental  Researches  in  Electrid^ ; 
2.  Additional  note  to  the  Eleventh  lenes 
of  Researches  on  the  Tides,  by  the  Rev. 
W.  Whewell ;  and  3.  On  the  Nerrons 
System,  by  Sir  Charles  Bell. 

April  9.  The  President  in  the  chair.— 
J.  P.  Gassiot,  esq.  andT.  Henderson,  eiq. 
Astronomer  Royal,  were  elected  Fellows. 
—Sir  Charlei  Bell's  paper  wai  condaded  ( 


1 840.] 


Litcrarjf  and  Scientific  Intelligence, 


629 


and  another  road.  On  the  constitution  of 
the  Resins,  Part  IV.  by  J.  F.  W.  John- 
ston,  esf|.  M.A. 

April  30.  Tlir  Presiident  in  the  chair. 
— His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert,  Lord 
Lyttelton,  Thomas  Wharton  Jones,  esq. 
and  John  (irant  Malcolmsoa,  M.D.  were 
fleeted  Fellows. — Read  1.  A  letter  from 
Sir  John  Barrow,  Bart,  communicating 
from  the  Lords  Commissioners  of  the  Ad- 
miralty various  observations  made  on  board 
her  Majesty's  ships  on  the  magnetic  dip 
of  the  Needle ;  *.  PostscrijJt  to  Major 
Sabine's  })aper  on  the  same  subject,  notic- 
ing tiie  success  which  has  attended  the  use 
of  Mr.  Fox'.-*  instrument  in  the  Antartic 
expedition  ;  .).  a  few  Remarks  on  n  Rain 
Tii))le  and  Map,  by  Joseph  Atkinson,  esq. 
4.  Kxtractsfrom  a  Meteorological  Journal 
kept  at  Allonheuds,  Northumberland,  by 
the  Rev.  W.  Walton  ;  and  .").  Description 
of  an  Aj«tronomir.il  Clock,  invented  by  the 
late  Ca])t.  Henry  Kater,  F'.R.S. 

May  7.  J.  W.  Lubl-ock,  esq.  V.P. — 
Read,  1.  On  the  Odour  accompanying 
Kicrtrieity,  and  on  the  probability  of  its 
belonging  to  a  new  substance,  by  Pro- 
fessor Faradav  :  "•*.  On  the  Ova  of  Mam- 

m 

malia,  by  Dr.  Barry. 


ROYAL    ASIATIC    SOCIETY. 

May  9  This  Society  held  its  .Seven- 
teenth Anniversary,  the  Right  Hon.  C. 
W.  Williams  Wynn.  President,  in  the 
ehair. — The  annual  Rc|>ort  of  the  Coancil 
was  read,  commencing  with  the  ordinary 
financial  statements  and  details  of  deaths, 
resignations,  and  new  elections.  The 
members  whose  deaths  were  particularly 
njenti«)ned  were  —  Runjret  Singh  ;  (ieneral 
A  Hard  ;  Professor  Hohlen  ;  and  Canelly 
V'enkata  I.ulciuiii.ih,  a  native  of  Madras, 
\vhi>srki)owled;;e  of  languages,  both  Asiatic 
and  Kn^lish,  his  l>4*en  applied  by  him  to 
hterary  ren.-areh  to  an  extent  very  uii- 
CMiiuniin  ainonu  Hiiid(K>s.  The  report 
hNo  runtained  an  iiitn'e>tiiig  meinoir  of 
Jame^  Prinsep,  e^q.  which  shall  be  trans- 
fencd  to  our  Obituary  liercufler.  AUunioii 
was  then  made  to  the  important  discoveries 
made  in  PerMa  by  Major  Rawlinson.  The 
Mi«-ce.*«ful  proi»rr*s  of  the  laliours  of  the 
OiirnialTran*lition  (''jminittce  wis  state- 
ed  .  and  a  detail  was  uiven  of  the  valuable 
1^|lrkH  now  in  eour.-e  of  printing  and  trana- 
l.itioii  iiniler  the  auspiris  of  that  dtntin- 
gninhed  bmly. 

The  Right  Hon.  Sir  Alexander  Johii- 
hton.  as  Chairman  of  the  Committer  of 
Corre^pondenrr,  detailed  the  various 
matters  that  had  engaged  the  attention  of 
the  (.'oinmittee  during  the  past  year,  which 
had  for  their  object  to  procure  information 
a.H  to  the  moral  and  political  rhanges  which 
i»err  going  on  lo  Turkey,  C'cutral  Amc, 


India,  and  China.  He  also  remarked  ol^ 
the  gradual  increase  of  interest  which  th^ 
public  in  England  are  acquiring  on  Asiatic 
matters.  The  report  of  the  Committee  o^ 
Commerce  and  Agriculture  was  read  by 
Colonel  Sykes,  and  contained  a  summary 
of  the  principal  o|)erations  of  that  body 
during  the  year.  One  of  the  subjects  al- 
luded to  was  the  cultivation  of  cotton  in 
India,  on  which  they  had  printed  valuable 
papers,  by  General  Briggs,  Dr.  Lush,  and 
Mr.  Heath.  This  subject  was  under- 
going investigation,  and  the  result  of  an 
analysis  of  various  cotton  soils  from  dif- 
ferent parts  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America, 
by  Mr.  Solly,  would  be  published  shortly. 
Papers  on  the  production  of  sugar  and 
cocoa-nut  oil  in  Ceylon,  on  the  improve- 
ment of  Indian  wool,  on  the  wool  of  the 
Angora  goat,  on  opiiun,  safflower,  silk, 
Indian  tea,  caoutchouc,  &e.  had  been  reatl 
before  the  Society.  The  President  then 
addressed  the  meeting,  and  among  other 
topics  alluded  to  the  progress  of  tea  culti- 
vation in  India ;  and  on  the  merits,  gene- 
rally, of  the  gentlemen  in  the  East  India 
Company's  service,  both  civil  and  military, 
and  said  that  they  well  deserved  the  en- 
comium bestowed  on  them  by  Canning, 
of  uniting  the  wisdom  of  statesmen  with 
the  research  of  scholars. 

Sir  George  Staunton  proposed  a  vote  of 
thanks   to  the  President,  and    noticed  a 

Siper  on  the  commerce  of  China,  by  Mr. 
all,  whose  long  residence  in  the  country, 
and  knowledge  of  Chinese  affairs,  gave  an 
interest  to  his  lucubrations,  which  could 
be  given  only  by  a  i)erson  who  hatl  been 
in,  and  had  profited  by,  his  situation.  He 
thought  the  publication  of  the  paper  was, 
at  this  critical  moment,  most  opportune, 
and  would  be  a  valuable  guide  in  the 
formation  of  opinions  on  the  matter  at 
issue  between  us  and  the  Celestial  Empire. 
The  meeting  then  proceeded  to  ballot  the 
council  and  otfirers  for  the  ensuing  year. 
The  following  gentlemen  were  elected  into 
the  Council  in  the  room  of  those  going 
out  by  rotation  : — Sir  Jeremiah  Bnrant, 
C.H.  ;  .Sir  Charles  Forbes,  Bart;  J.  M. 
Heath,  Esq.  ;  Sir  Richard  Jenkins, G.C.B. 
M.P.  ;  Sir  James  L.  Lushington,G.C.B. ; 
the  Rev.  W.  H.  Mill.  D.D. ;  WiUiam 
Newnham,  Esq.  ;  and  Henry  Wilkinson, 
Esq.  All  the  officers  of  the  preceding 
year  were  re-elected. 

CAMPKN    aOriKTY. 

May  J.  The  annual  meeting  of  this 
SfN'iety  was  held  at  Prermasons*  Tavern, 
when,  in  rimsequencc  of  the  abience  of 
the  PreMdrnt,  l<onl  Fr<inris  Egertun,  who 
is  tra\ellinK  for  the  re-i>tablishment  of 
his  health,  the  chair  was  taken  by  Mr. 
Amyot,  tU«  Director,  wbg  waa  supported 


G30 


Liierarff  and  Scientific  InteUigeneet 


[June, 


by  Mr.  (ially  Knight,  M.P.  Sir  Henry 
Kllis,  Mr.  W.  Tookc,  nnd  many  other 
gentlemen  of  literary  eminence.  The  chair- 
man having  npiMieil  the  meetini;  with  dome 
appropriate  observations,  jVIr.  Thorns, 
the  Secretary,  procecdetl  to  read  the  re- 
port of  the  Council,  which,  announcing 
that  the  Society  wan  in  a  state  of  in* 
creased  and  increasing  prosperity,  was  re- 
ceived with  gencri&l  a]>prob»tion,  and 
votes  of  thanks  to  the  Council  and  the 
Editors  of  the  Society's  publications  were 
warmly  agreed  to.  The  report  of  the 
auditors  having  been  then  read,  and  found 
highly  satisfactory,  the  meeting  proceeded 
to  the  election  of  officers,  when  Ijord 
Francis  Kijerton  was  elected  President, 
and  the  fidlowing  irentlcmen  the  Council 
of  the  Society  for  the  ensuing  yc.ir  ;  Tho- 
mas Amyot,  esq.  Char  lex  Fred.  Jlarmcelf, 
esq.  Lord  Brnybrunkt>,  Jolm  Bruce  esq. 
J.  P.  Collier,  es<i.  C.  P.  Cooper,  esq.  the 
Right  Hon.  Thomas  P.  Courtcnuy,  T. 
('rofton  Croker,  esq.  the  Rev.  Alexander 
Dyce,  Sir  Henry  Kllis,  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Hunter,  Sir  Frederick  Madden f  Thomas 
Stapleton,  esq.  William  John  Thoms,  esq. 
Thomas  Sv right,  esq.  (The  new  mem- 
bers are  in  Italics.)  The  following  gen- 
tlemen were  elected  Auditors,  James  Or- 
chard H  alii  well,  esq.  John  M.  Kemble, 
esq.  and  William  Tooke,  esq. 

HORTICULTVRAL    ROCIKTV. 

Mai/  1.  The  Anniversary  Meeting  took 
place  this  day,  J.  R.  Gowen,  Ksq.  in  the 
chair. — From  the  Report  of  the  Auditors 
it  appeared,  that  the  actual  receipts  for 
the  past  year  amounted  to  (>, 5 60/.  IT*,  lorf. 
and  the  expenditure  (exclusive  of  2,2.'^G/. 
2s.  ^2d.  paid  on  account  of  the  new  Con- 
servatory) to  4,90J)/.  10^.  H)d.  showing  a 
surplus  of  income  over  expenditure  of 
1,5G1/.  7*.  The  auditors  stated,  tliey  had 
much  pleasure  to  observe,  that  the  cash 
receipts  for  the  past  year  exceeded  those 
of  the  previous  year  by  K39/.  Tff.  6d.  They 
had  also  to  congratulate  the  Society  on  the 
still  further  reduction  of  the  bonded  debt 
which  had  taken  place  in  the  past  year  to 
the  amount  of  700/. — the  bonded  debt  of 
the  Society  now  being  9,150/.  and  that  on 
open  accounts  .'{,754/.  10*.  making  to- 
gether 15i,904/.  10.«. ;  to  meet  which,  there 
was  due  to  the  Society  f»,.509/.  9*.  lOr/. 
exclusive  of  the  annued  subscriptions  due 
on  the  1st  of  May.  At  the  same  time, 
the  property  of  the  Society  was  much  in- 
creased in  value,  by  the  erection  of  the 
splendid  (Conservatory  at  the  garden. 

Dr.  Liiulley  read  a  very  voluminous 
Report,  i)repared  by  order  of  the  Council, 
on  the  })resent  state  and  management  of 
the  Society,  with  a  review  of  the  progress 
the  Society  had  made  from  the  year  1830, 


when  the  new  arrangement!  (under  which 
the  affairs  of  the  Society  are  condncted) 
were  first  established,  and  with  the  happiest 
results,  as  was  proved  by  the  gradual  dimi- 
nution of  the  Society's  debts,  and  the 
increasing  value  of  the  Garden,  not  only 
as  regarded  mere  property,  but  the  impuUe 
it  gave  to  Horticulture  generalljf  in  the 
magnitude  of  its  distributions  of  rare  and 
valuable  roots  and  seeds,  collected  in  dif- 
ferent quarters  of  the  globe,  and  the  es- 
tablishment of  an  extensive  foreign  cor- 
respondence, (there  being  on  the  books 
of  the  Society  not  less  than  SI  7  Foreign 
Corresponding  Members),  and  also  iSie 
encouragement  it  gave  to  merit  in  the 
distribution  of  prizes  and  rewards  for  the 
cultivation  of  ornamental  and  usefbl  garden 
shrubs  and  plants,  and  the  investigation 
of  new  ]>rocesses  in  horticulture,  neyer 
omitting  to  reward  the  skill  by  which  any 
improved  variety  or  successiul  mode  of 
culture  might  be  produced.  The  number 
of  gold  and  silver  medals  awarded  during 
the  last  ten  years  amounted  altogether  to 
upwards  of  1,400,  and  the  total  cost  to 
3,319/.  12«.  Neither  were  opportunities 
of  improving  the  garden  n^lected,  as  was 
shown  by  the  erection  of  the  wing  of  the 
new  Conservatory,  at  an  expense  of  4,000/. 
(the  greater  part  of  which  has  been  paid). — 
Both  Reports  were  unanimously  adopted  ; 
and  the  meeting  then  proceeded  to  the 
election  of  officers  for  the  ensuing  year, 
when  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  Devonshire 
was  re-elected  President,  T.  Edgar,  Esq. 
Treasurer,  and  G.  Bentham,  Esq.  Secre- 
tary ;  and  E.  Foster,  Esq.  J.  RogerSi  jun» 
Esq.  and  W.  H.  F.  Talbot,  Esq.  were 
elected  into  the  Council,  in  the  room  of 
Sir  O.  Mosley,  Bart.  £.  Barnard,  Esq. 
and  H.  Be  van,  Esq.  retiring. 

THK    NORTH-WEST  PASSAGE. 

The  problem  of  a  North- West  Passagey 
so  long  the  subject  of  speculation,  has 
been  at  last  solved.  Messrs.  Peter  W. 
Dease  and  Thomas  Simpson,  of  the  Hod- 
son's  Bay  Company,  who  set  out  in  June 
last  for  the  purpose  of  prosecuting  dis" 
coveries  along  the  shores  of  the  Norm  Sea, 
have  returned,  after  haying  succeeded  in 
their  object.  It  will  be  recollected  that 
there  still  remained  an  interval  of  unknown 
land  between  Parry  and  Ross's  discOTeries 
from  the  east,  and  those  of  Beechey  and 
Franklin  from  the  west.  This  intervening 
space  has  now  been  traversed  by  those 
adventurers  ;  and  thus  the  link  has  been 
supplied  which  carries  a  connected  chain 
of  discovery  from  the  Atlantic  to  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  This  is,  however,  merely 
a  curious  point  of  science.  The  passage 
can  never  be  of  the  smallest  ntiUty  for 
navigation,  being  coniigaed  to  Uw  do* 


1840.1 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


iQinion  of  darkness  and  of  winter  for  a 
great  part  of  the  year,  and  the  transient 
gleam  of  summer  being  too  short  to  thaw 
the  solid  masses  of  ice,  so  as  to  allow  of 
any  secure  passage  from  one  sea  to  the 
other. 


THE    ANTAKCTIC   EXPEDITION. 

Letters  have  been  received  from  Cap- 
tain Ross's  Antarctic  expedition,  dated  St. 
Helena,  the  beginning  of  February. 
Lieut.  Lefroy  of  the  Royal  Artillery,  who 
is  to  conduct  the  magnetic  observatory  on 
that  island,  had  been  landed  with  his  in- 
struments and  assistants,  and  occupied 
Napoleon  Buonaparte's  house  at  Long- 
wood,  which  has  been  assigned  as  his 
residence,  and  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
which  his  observatory  is  to  be  built.  From 
St.  Helena,  Capt.  Ross  proceeds  to  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  to  establish  Lieut. 
Eardley  Wilmot,  R.A.  and  his  party,  in  a 
similar  observatory,  where  corresponding 
observations  are  to  be  made  during  the 
three  years  in  which  the  expedition  will 
remain  in  the  Southern  hemisphere.  By 
adopting  proper  precautions,  the  officers 
succeeded  in  making  magnetic  observations 
at  sea  with  as  much  precision  as  on  land, 
the  two  ships  sometimes  telegraphing  to 
each  other  the  same  minute  of  dip.  The 
importance  of  this  success  towards  the 
prosecution  of  the  objects  of  the  voyage 
will  be  estimated,  when  it  is  considered 
how  large  a  portion  of  the  southern  hemis- 
phere is  covered  by  the  sea.  Captain 
Ross  obtained  soundings  in  the  middle  of 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  far  distant  from 
any  land,  with  a  line  of  2,500  fathoms, 
being,  it  is  believed,  by  far  the  greatest 
depth  that  has  ever  been  reached  by  a 
sounding  line. 


TOPOGRAPHICAL    SOCIETIES. 

The  recent  establishment,  and  un- 
precedented success,  of  the  Camden  So- 
cietyt — the  formation  of  other  Societies 
for  the  promotion  of  antiquarian  studies 
at  Oxford  and  Cambridge, — and  the  ex- 
tensive and  increasing  influence  of  scien- 
tific and  literary  institutions  in  the  me- 
tropolis, and  in  most  of  the  chief  cities 
and  towns  of  the  kingdom,  have  sug- 
gested the  formation  of  two  associations 
of  this  kind  for  the  promotion  of  the 
topography  of  particular  counties. 

Mr.  Britton,  whose  first  literary  pro- 
duction was  "  The  Beauties  of  Wiltshire," 
in  two  volumes  octavo  ;  and  who  has  fur- 
ther published  upon  the  county,  not  only 
in  a  more  recent  volume,  forming  the  third 
of  that  work,  but  also  in  the  Beauties  of 
England  and  Wales,  the  Architectural 
Antiquities,  the  History  of  Salisbury  Ca- 
thedral, and  the  History  of  Fonthili  Ab- 


bey, has  lately  issued  a  prospectc 
formation  of  an  association  of  ge. 
under  the  title  of, 


tt 


THE   WILTSHIRE   TOPOGRAPH 
SOCIETY," 

its  principal  object  being  to  colli 
an  assemblage  of  valuable  topogi 
materials  as  may  eventually  lead 
production  of  a  well-digested  Hi 
North    WUtshire,    which    is    lefl 
scribed  in  the  magnificent  work 
Richard  Hoare,  relating  to  the  So' 
Division.     The  Society  is  to  be  unl 
in  respect  to  the  number  of  its  me 
and  to  be  governed  by  a  Presideuv, 
Vice-Presidents,  and  a  Council  of  f- 
other  members ;    including  a  Tre 
and  two  Secretaries.     A  subscriptii«« 
one  guinea  a-year  will  constitute  a 
ber ;  and  the  sum  of  ten  guineas,  ua 
payment,  a  member  for  life. 

THE    BERKSHIRE    A8HM0LEAN  80CIBTT» 

Instituted  for  the  publication  of  **  tiie 
Historical,  Ecclesiastical,  Genealogiotl; 
and  Topographical  Remains  of  the  Coontjr 
of  Berks,"  held  its  first  General  Meeting 
on  Saturday  the  23d  May,  the  anniversary 
of  Ashmole's  birth,  in  the  council  cham- 
ber of  the  borough  of  Reading,  the  use  of 
which  was  granted  for  the  occasion  by  the 
Mayor.  The  meeting  was  numerously 
attended  by  Members  of  the  Society,  re- 
sident not  only  in  Reading  and  in  the 
county  of  Berks,  but,  thanks  to  the  Rail- 
road, by  several  also  from  London.  Laws, 
constructed  upon  the  model  of  those 
of  the  Camden  Society,  were  settled ; 
the  Earl  of  Abingdon,  Lord  Lieutenant 
of  the  county,  was  elected  President ; 
the  Marquess  of  Downshire  and  Arch- 
deacon Berens,  Vice  -  Presidents  ;  and 
fifteen  gentlemen,  comprising  many  per- 
sons of  considerable  eminence  in  the 
county,  were  chosen  upon  the  Coun- 
cil. Thanks  were  then  voted  to  John 
Richards,  esq.  of  Reading,  F.S.A.  the 
active  and  zealous  Secretary,  to  whose  ex- 
ertions the  rapid  progress  of  the  Society 
is  mainly  attributable.  Supported  in  a 
most  praiseworthy  manner  by  the  gentry 
of  the  county,  and  by  gentlemen  who  have 
had  experience  in  other  Societies,  we  make 
no  doubt  of  its  success,  and  shall  watch 
its  publications  with  interest.  The  So- 
ciety is  limited  to  three  hundred,  of  which 
number  above  one  hundred  have  already 
joined.  The  annual  subscription  is  one 
guinea. 

We  have  also  received  a  proposition 
for  the  establishment  of  a  similar  Society 
for  the  County  OF  Suffolk.  Our  Corres- 
pondent, who  signs  Olim  Suffolcien- 
818,  remarks  :  *'  Rich  and  rare  materials 


C32 


Literarf/  and  Scientific  Intelligencf. 


[June, 


have  befn  Already  collected,  and  are  at 
hand,  and  Mr.  <iage  Rokewode  liasi  shewn 
us  tliat  we  liAve  at  Ifa^t  one  architect  who 
ran  mould  thcni  into  form  and  rear  the 
pile.  From  the  lar^c  and  valuable  eollee- 
tions  of  Jcrmyn  and  Davy,  and  numerous 
other  repositories  of  suinller  extent  which 
are  known  to  exist, — under  tiie  auspices 
v(  8urh  men  as  Mr.  Kokewode,  Mr.  Davy, 
and  Mr.  Mitford,  and  with  the  assistance  of 
the  very  many  industrious  local  topogra- 
phers whioh  the  county  affords,  wliat  a 
magnificent  monument  may  be  construct- 
ed. All  that  is  w:intcd  is  pecuniary  en- 
couragement ;  Suffolk  is  a  populous  and 
enlightened  county,  it  is  not  thin  in  men 
of  ancient  birth  or  wealth.  Let  the  at- 
tempt be  made,  aud  I  could  almost  answer 
for  it  that  nearly  every  parish  squire, 
nearly  every  beneficed  clerg}'man,  and  a 
considerable  number  of  the  legal  profes- 
sion, would  become  subscribers  ;  and  the 
work  being  brought  out  in  parts,  and  at 
regular  intervals,  the  expense  would  not 
faU  heavier  upon  us  than  many  an  embel- 
lished publication  of  far  inferior  interest, 
which  monthly  or  quarterly  finds  its  way 
upon  our  drawing-room  tables.' ' 

LONDON    INSTITUTION. 

April  30.  At  the  annual  meeting  of 
proprietors,  Sir  T.  Baring,  Bart.  F.R.S. 
President,  in  the  chair,  the  report  of  the 
auditors  announced,  that  the  receipts  of 
the  past  year  were  4,G57/.  8«.  lorf.  of 
which  1,772/.  15«.  was  derived  from  an- 
nual subscriptions  and  arrears,  and  an 
extra  sum  of  1 ,00.9/.  from  the  sale  of  Ex- 
chequer Bills.  The  current  expenses  of 
the  year  were  3,731)/.  18*.  and  there  re- 
mained a  balance  in  the  treasurer's  hands 
of  917/.  The  present  invested  capital  of 
the  institution  was  stated  as  37,630/.  in 
the  Three  per  Cents.  The  report  of  the 
managers  announced,  that  the  repairs  of 
the  buildings  of  the  institution,  rendered 
necessary  by  the  causes  referred  to  in  the 
report  of  last  year,  had  been  completed, 
the  total  expenditure  in  the  year  being 
963/.  Is.  2d.  The  unexpected  demands 
upon  the  funds  of  the  institution  had  been 
met  by  the  sale  of  1,000/.  in  Exchequer 
Bills,  which  sum  was  the  result  of  previous 
savings,  and  intended  as  a  reserve  fund 
for  such  purposes  ;  so  that  no  diminution 
had  taken  place  in  the  permanent  vested 
income  of  the  institution. 


ROYAL  INSTITUTE  OF  BRIT.  ARCHITECTS. 

March  30.  Mr.  Hamilton,  Honorary 
Fellow,  in  the  chair. 

A  communication  was  read  from  M. 

Vaudoyer,  of  Paris,  accompanying  a  copy 

of  a  report  on  the  state  of  art  in  France, 

during  a  period  of  thirty  years.    Mr.  Do- 

9 


naldton  spoke  of  the  improTementi  which 
had  been  made  in  England  within  the  Uit 
twenty  years,  and  suggested  the  import- 
ance of  a  similar  report  here :  on  which 
subject  a  conversation  took  place,  where- 
in Mr.  Fowler,  Mr.  Hamilton,  and  Mr. 
Ciodwin  bore  part. 

Mr.  Donaldson  read  a  description  of  an 
ancient  Pelasgic.  tomb  (similar  to  that  of 
Agamenmon  at  Mycenae)  recently  disco- 
vered at  Cervetri,  between  Rome  and  Ci- 
vitTi  Vecchia,  communicated  by  the  Cava- 
liere  Canina. 

Some  remarks  on  Garden  Walla  hj 
Mr.  J.  B.  Watson  were  also  read. 

April  27.  The  Marquess  of  Northamp- 
ton in  the  chair. 

Mr.  George  Alexander  read  a  paper  on 
Egyptian  Architecture,  the  chief  object  of 
wiiich  was  to  apportion  the  varions  tem- 
ples remaining  to  their  several  periods, 
and  to  classify  as  far  as  possiUe  the 
changes  observable  in  the  style.  It  is 
now  generally  understood  that  many  hnild- 
ings  in  Egypt,  that  were  formerly  assigned 
to  an  extremely  remote  date,  were  not 
erected  until  after  the  Roman  invasion.  No 
building  of  the  time  of  the  Pharoahs  has 
a  portico ;  the  date  of  the  earliest  portico 
in  Egypt  is  that  of  the  reign  of  the  last 
king  but  two  previous  to  the  Persian  in- 
vasion under  Darius :  columns  were  used 
in  interiors  nevertheless.  Mr.  Alexander 
entered  into  some  remarks  on  the  E^p- 
tian  Hall,  Piccadilly,  and  shewed  where 
errors  had  been  fallen  into,  through  want 
of  correct  information. 

In  relation  to  the  pyramidal  form  given 
to  Egyptian  buildings,  Mr.  W.  Han^ton 
mentioned  as  a  fact,  that  none  of  the  co- 
lumns in  the  Parthenon  at  Athens  are 
perpendicular,  but  that  on  both  sides  they 
all  incline  slightly  towards  the  ridge  of 
the  roof. 

Mr.  George  Godwin,  jun.  afterwarda 
oflPered  some  remarks  to  the  meeting  on 
the  question  raised  by  Sir  Gardner  Wil- 
kinson, respecting  the  origin  of  the  verti- 
cal line  in  architecture.  The  tenor  of  Sir 
G.  Wilkinson's  argument  was,  that  the 
vertical  line,  admitted  to  be  the  principal 
feature  distinguishing  Gothic  architectnre 
from  the  Greek  style,  whereof  the  predo- 
minance of  horizontal  lines  is  a  eiuurac- 
teristic, — originated  at  a  mnch  earlier  date 
than  the  style  it  now  distinguishet,  and  it 
to  be  found  extensively  in  the  rnina  of 
ancient  Rome.  The  appearance  tiiat  it 
presented  at  Rome  may  he  nndentood 
irom  the  following  extract  from  Sfar  Ghffd- 
ner's  paper :  '*  In  an  ardi  of  Triumph,  a 
Roman  composition,  though  the  monlaingt 
and  many  other  details  are  borrowed  from 
the  Greek,  the  vertical  line  oommeiioM 
with  the  pedestal  of  the  cdanmi  q^iwiidM 


1840.] 


Aniiptarian  JResearches* 


to  iti  side,  and,  extending  upwards  with 
the  column,  breaks  through  the  entabla- 
ture, which  it  obliges  to  come  forward  to 
carry  out  and  mark  its  direction,  requires 
a  projection  of  the  attic  to  correspond 
with  the  capital  above  the  cornice,  and 
terminates  in  a  statue ;  thus  continuing 
it  uninterruptedly  from  the  base  to  the 
summit  of  the  building.'*     Mr.  Godwin 
ascribed  this  mode  of  arrangement  simply 
to  the  introduction  of  the  arch  as  a  chief 
feature  in  construction,  and  the  want  of 
pure  taste  on  the  part  of  the  Roman  peo- 
ple.    In  Greece,  said  the  writer,  and  in 
the  earlier  sacred  edifices  of  Rome,  built 
before  the  introduction  of  the  arch,  and 
in  imitation  of  those  of  Greece,  columns 
bore  the  beams  of  wood,  or  blocks  of  stone, 
forming  the  upper  part  of  the  building, 
and  were  a  constituent  portion  of  the  fa- 
bric.   When  however  it  became  necessary 
to  cover-In  larger  spaces  than  could  be 
conveniently  spanned  by  single  beams  or 
blocks,  reaching  from  pillar  to  pillar,  and 
the  principle  of  the  arch  became  generally 
understood  and  acted  on,  a  continued  waU 
from  which  the  arch  might  spring,  became 
requisite,  and  took  the  place  of  columns. 
The  Romans,  hdwever,  who  had  little  real 
appreciation  of  harmony  and  fitness  (with 
a  love  of  which  the  Greeks,  as  a  people, 
were  thoroughly  imbued) ,  could  not  con- 
sent to  abandon  the  columns,  but  used 
them  in  the  shape  of  accessories  in  all 
structures  the  destination  of  which  would 
allow  of  this  introduction.     They  were 
placed  against  the  faces  of  buildings, — at- 


tached to,  but  not  made  a  portion  oi 
Probably,  where  a  great  projection) 
thought  advisable,  the  height  of  t 
lumn,  as  by  that  of  course  the  d: 
must  have  been  regulated,  was  le». 
and  a  pedestal  fcolutnn*s  footj  was 
to  raise  them  to    the  required  h 
Something  to  bind  the  upper  part  c 
column  to  the  building  was  however  f< 
site,  and  the  entablature,  then  surroui 
the  structure  itself,  may  have  been  bn 
out  for  that  purpose  over  each  of  th< 
lumns.    This  of  itself,  namely,  col 
bearing  nothing, — simply  standing  b. 
a  building  with  which  Uiey  seemed  to 
little  connection,  must  have  failed  to 
pleasure ;  offering,  however,  as  they 
a  convenient  plinth  for  vases  or  sculpt 
figures,  these  were  found  in  some  d 
to  lesien  the  objection,  an4  it  is  not . 
prising,  therefore,  that  they  were 
thus    terminated,   sometimes  wit«i, 
sometimes  without,  the  intervention  (m  « 
similar  projection  of  the  attic  under  t^ 
figure. 

May  4.  At  the  Annual  General  Mei^ 
ing  Earl  de  Grey  took  the  chair.  Tb# 
following  gentlemen  were  elected  to  form 
the  Council  of  the  ensuing  year :  Messrf. 
Kay,  Blore,  and  Burton  as  Vice-Pred^ 
dents ;  Chawner,  Ferrey,  Mocatta,  Salvin, 
Mylne,  Papworth,  and  Inman,  as  ordinary 
members ;  C.  Fowler  and  A.  Poynter,  as 
Honorary  Secretaries.  The  report  which 
was  read  showed  that  the  affairs  of  the 
Society  were  in  a  flourishing  condition* 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY    OP   ANTIQUARIES. 

April  30.   W.  R.  Hamilton,  esq.  V.  P. 

His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Buckingham 
and  Chandos  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the 
Society. 

W.  D.  Haggard,  esq.  presented  to  the 
Museum  of  the  Society  a  sacrificial  in- 
strument found  in  one  of  the  ancient 
tombs  of  Etruria,  which  had  been  exhi- 
bited  on  a  former  occasion.  This  present 
was  warmly  welcomed,  as  being  the  first 
made  to  the  Society  since  the  erection  of 
some  cases  at  the  end  of  their  meeting- 
room  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting  their 
accumulated  stores — a  measure  which  it  is 
hoped  will  be  the  occasion  of  an  instruc- 
tive addition  to  the  Society,  which  in  re- 
spect of  a  Museum  is  at  present  far  sur- 
passed by  the  Antiquarian  Society  of  New- 
castle, and  by  many  provincial  Institu- 
tions. The  design,  however,  can  scarcely 
be  brought  into  full  operation  until  an 
increase  of  accommodation  can  be  acquired 
either  in  Somerset  House  or  elsewhere. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


John  Gage  Rokewode,  esq.  Director, 
exhibited  some  small  gold  ornaments  dis- 
covered in  a  pyramid  at  Meroe  in  Nubia, 
consisting  of  a  scarabaeus,  two  links  of  a 
necklace,  an  Indian  dog  or  jackall,  and  a 
diminutive  bell. 

Charles  R.  Smith,  esq.  F.S.A-  mW- 
bited  a  variety  of  relics  discovered  in  ca- 
verns in  the  limestone  hills  two  miles 
north-east  of  Settle,  in  Yorkshire,  and 
communicated  to  him  by  Mr.  Joseph  Jack* 
son  of  that  place  ;  together  with  a  plan  of 
the  caves.  The  relics  consisted  of  Roman 
coins,  chiefly  those  termed  mtntmt,  fibulse, 
an  enamelled  stud  or  button,  fragments  of 
pottery,  rings  and  armillae  in  bronze  and 
jet,  heads  in  glass  and  jet  (some  incrusted 
in  stalagmite),  bone  ornaments  and  pins, 
bone  hooks  (such  as  are  now  used  by  the 
South  Sea  Islanders  for  fishing),  and  bones 
and  teeth  of  the  hog  and  other  animals. 
The  aperture  to  these  caves  was  at  a 
height  of  about  50  feet,  and  so  small  that 
a  man  could  scarcely  effect  an  entrance 

4  M 


634 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Jooe, 


but  by  crawling  in  ;  but  the  chamben 
themtelvet  are  very  spacious :  the  pas- 
lages  leading  from  one  to  another  are  very 
narrow.  One  was  found  rudely  walled. 
The  remains  exhibited  were  found  in  the 
clay  which  to  the  extent  of  two  feet  in 
depth  covered  the  floors.  It  appears  pro- 
bable that  these  caves  were  resorted  to  by 
the  Romans  and  Britons  as  a  temporary 
place  of  refuge  from  the  northern  barba- 
rians, after  the  departure  of  the  Romans. 

George  Ormerod,  esq.  LL.D.,  F.S.A. 
communicated  an  account  of  two  leaden 
Fonts  existing  in  the  parish  church  of 
Tidenham  in  Gloucestershire,  and  in  the 
ancient  chapel  of  Lanraut  in  the  same  pa- 
rish.  They  were  evidently  cast  from  the 
same  mould,  and  in  each  the  design  is 
three  times  repeated  ;  the  whole  forming 
a  range  of  twelve  alto-relievo  figures  within 
arches.  Their  style  is  Saxon,  and  resem- 
bles that  of  the  Benedictional  of  St. 
Ethel  wold,  of  which  the  presumed  date  is 
the  latter  part  of  the  ninth  century.  Mr. 
Ormerod's  paper  was  iUustrated  by  some 
remarks  on  the  lines  of  Offa's  Dyke  and 
the  Akeman  Street  near*the  junction  of 
the  rivers  Wye  and  Severn  in  Tidenham 
parish,  and  in  that  district  of  country  which 
may  be  termed  the  forest  peninsula  of 
Gloucestershire,  lying  immediately  under 
view  from  the  heights  of  Piercefield.  The 
manor  of  '*  Dyddenhame'*  was  given  to 
the  abbey  of  Bath  by  a  charter  of  King 
Edwy  dated  in  the  year  956,  which  is 
printed  in  the  Monasticon  AngUcanum. 

May  7.  Mr.  Hamilton  in  the  chair. 

J.  A.  Cahusac,  esq.  of  Tibber ton- square, 
Islington,  and  Mr.  Augustus  William 
Gadsden,  of  Hull,  were  elected  Fellows  of 
the  Society. 

Mr.  Combe  exhibited  a  rubbing  of  the 
monumental  brass  of  Thomas  Boleyn, 
Earl  of  Wiltshire  and  Ormond,  K.G.  at 
Hever,  Kent  (engraved  in  Thorpe's  Mon. 
Inscriptions,  appended  to  the  Custumale 
Roffense). 

Sydney  Smirke,  esq.  F.S.A.  presented 
various  architectural  views  of  the  tower  of 
S.  Gottardo,  attached  to  the  Palace  at 
Milan,  with  some  remarks  on  its  struc- 
ture. It  is  of  great  height  and  elegance, 
built  chiefly  of  brick,  and  ornamented 
with  small  columns  of  marble,  stone  being 
very  sparingly  used,  in  combination  with 
the  iron  ties,  &c.  It  contains  a  large  bell, 
six  feet  in  diameter,  which  was  cast  in  the 
year  1400  by  an  English  Benedictine. 

J.  O.  Halliwell,  esq.  F.R.S.  and  F.S.A. 
communicated  a  Second  Series  of  Obser- 
rations  on  the  history  of  certain  events 
in  English  History  during  the  reign  of 
Edward  the  Fourth ;  deduced  from  various 
documents  which  he  has  discovered  chiefly 
by  means  of  actual  inspection  into  the 


Tolames  preserved  io  public  repodtories 
of  MSS.  undeterred  by  the  nnpromising 
statements  of  the  Catalogues.  This  re- 
mark applies  particularly  to  a  royid  Pro- 
clamation made  at  Dunst«bl«,  8th  May 
1459,  found  in  the  Cotton  MS.  Tib.  A. 
X.  and  to  two  contemporary  dimries  or 
narratives  found  in  the  Lambeth  library, 
Nos.  306  and  448. 

May  14.     Henry  Hallam,  esq.  V.  P. 

John  Gough  Nichols,  esq.  F.S.A.  exhi- 
bited a  beautiful  drawing  of  tlie  sepulchral 
effigies  of  Richard  II.  and  his  Queea, 
Anne  of  Bohemia,  in  Westminster  Abbey, 
made  by  Mr.  Thomas  HoUis,  in  neariy 
half  the  scale  of  the  originals,  in  order  to 
shew  the  singularly  curious  and  elegant 
manner  in  which  it  has  been  discovered 
that  the  royal  robes  are  adorned  with  va- 
rious cognisances  and  other  devices,  as 
the  White  Hart,  the  Broom -plant,  the 
Ostrich  of  Bohemia,  &c.  &c.  These  or- 
naments have  been  utterly  unknown,  from 
the  accumulated  dust  of  centuries.  Mr. 
J.  G.  Nichols  promised  some  further  re- 
marks upon  them  on  a  future  occasion.  ' 

The  reading  was  continued  of  Mr. 
Halliwell's  **  Observations  on  the  His- 
tory of  certain  Events  in  the  Reign  of 
Edward  the  Fourth,''  illustrated  by  va- 
rious orig^al  documents. 

The  Duke  of  Argyle  was  present  at  the 
meeting,  and  exhibited  three  bracelets  of 
solid  gold,  found  in  Scotland.  Two  of 
them  terminate  in  the  two  cup-like  ends, 
like  the  larger  sort  of  those  articles  found 
in  Ireland,  which  Sir  William  Betham  has 
classed  as  ring-money. 

May  21.  The  Eari  of  Aberdeen,  Pres. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert  at- 
tended  this  meeting,  and  inscribed  his 
name  in  the  Admission  Book  of  the  So- 
ciety. The  following  gentlemen  were 
elected  Fellows :  William  Burge,  esq.  of 
Lincoln's  Inn,  Q.  C. ;  Richard  Gardiner 
Alston,  esq.  of  Harley  Street  (grandson 
of  the  late  Jeremiah  Milles,  D.D.  Dean  of 
Exeter,  President  of  the  Society)  ;  Scrope 
Ayrton,  esq.  Barrister- at-law;  and  Charles 
James  Richardson,  esq.  architect. 

John  Gage  Rokewode,  esq.  Director, 
exhibited,  with  some  brief  remarks,  the 
results  of  an  investigation  of  the  only  re- 
maining barrow  of  the  Bartlow  group, 
that  had  not  previously  been  explored. 
It  was  opened  by  Lord  MaynanI,  the 
landlord,  in  the  presence  of  a  numerous 
party  of  scientific  friends,  on  the  31st  of 
April  last.  The  antiquities  found  were, 
as  with  the  former  barrows,  all  of  the 
Roman  sera.  They  consist  of  sixteen  ar- 
ticles :  1 .  a  square  glass  urn,  containing 
bones  whitened  bv  cremation ;  2.  a  dark 
urn,  containing  other  portions  of  bones ; 
3.  a  bronze  prtefericnlum,  with  an  ele- 


k 


1 840.] 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


gantly  shaped  mouth,  of  the  pattern  called 
by  Wedgwood  the  club  pattern ;  4.  a 
bronze  patera ;  5.  and  6.  spherical  earthen- 
ware vessels,  with  necks,  of  yellow  ware  ; 
7,  8,  and  9,  three  vessels  of  red  earthen- 
ware,  two  cups  (one  of  them  has  the  mark 
POTTACVS)  and  one  saucer ;  10,  II ,  12, 
and  13,  four  small  dark  earthenware  urns  ; 

14.  an  iron  lamp,  much  corroded,  resem- 
bling those  found  in  the  other  barrows ; 

15.  a  long-necked  glass  vessel,  of  the  kind 
formerly  called  lacrymatories ;  and  16.  a 
vessel,  of  particularly  fine  and  clear  glass, 
resembling  in  shape  the  graduated  mea- 
sure of  apothecaries.  Many  of  these  ar- 
ticles were  examined  by  Prince  Albert 
with  much  apparent  interest. 

CAMBRIDGE    ANTIQUARIAN   SOCIETY. 

May  7.    The  first  meeting  of  this  So- 
ciety for  the  seasQn  was  held  at  the  lodge 
of  St.  John's  College,  the  Rev.  Ralph 
Tatham,  D.D.  Master  of  St.  John's,  and 
Vice-chancellor  of  the  University,  Presi- 
dent, in  the  chair.    M.  Guizot,  Profes- 
sor Von  Huber,  of  Marburg,  and  John 
Gough  Nichols,  esq.  F.S.A.  were  elected 
honorary  members  of  the  Society.    The 
following  communications  were  read :  1 . 
'  A  List  of  MSS.  in  his  Collection  relat- 
ing to  Cambridge,'  by  Sir  Thomas  Phil- 
lipps,  Bart  M.A.  F.R.S. ;  2.  *  A  Mea- 
surement of  Part  of  Ely  Cathedral  in  the 
13th  Century,  from  a  MS.  in  the  Cotto- 
nian  Collection,'  by  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps, 
Bart. ;  3.   '  A  Catalogue  of  the  Books 
given  to  Catharine  Hall  by  the  Founder,' 
by  the  Rev.  G.  E.  Corrie,  Norrisian  Pro- 
fessor of  Divinity.     4.  *  The  Statutes  of 
King's  College  in  Latin,  with  an  English 
Translation,'    by   James   Hey  wood,  esq. 
F.R.S.    5.  *  A  Copy  of  an  Abbreviated 
Chronicle,  from  A.  D.    1377   to   A.  D. 
1469,  containing  Curious  Notices  of  Uni- 
versity Proceedings,'   by  the  Rev.  J.  J. 
Smith,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Caius  Col- 
lege,  and  Treasurer  of  the  Society.     6. 
*  A  Legendary  Account  of  the  Founda- 
tion of  the  Town  of  Cambridge,  from  a 
MS.  in  Lambeth  Palace,'  by  James  Or- 
chard  Halliwell,   esq.   F.R.S.   of   Jesus 
College,  Secretary  of  the  Society.     7.  *  A 
Poem,  entitled,  *  Ebrietatis  Compendium,* 
by  Henry  Rogers,  Fellow  of  King's  Col- 
lege in  the  early  part  of  the  Seventeenth 
Century,  from  MS.   No.  83,  in  the  Li- 
brary of  the  Royal  Society,'  by  Mr.  Hal- 
liwell.    Mr.  Deck  exhibited  to  the  So- 
ciety several  relics  of  Roman  antiquities 
found  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Cambridge. 
Sherman's  *'  History  of  Jesus  College," 
which  has  recently  been  published  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Society,  edited  by  Mr. 
Halliwell,  the  Secretary,  was  announced 
M  reftdy  for  delivery. 


CAMBRIDGE    CAMDEN  SOCIE" 

May  8.    The  anniversary  mec 
this  Society  was  held  at  the  rooms 
Philosophical  Society.    After  the 
of  several  new  members,  among 
were  the  names  of  the  Chancellor 
University  and  the  Marquess  of 
ampton,  the  report  was  read.    It 
bited  a  brief  view  of  the  proceedings 
Society  during  the  past  year,  and  w< 
dered  to  be  printed,  together  witi- 
President's  address.    A  paper  was 
read  by  Mr.  Charles,  of  Tnnity,  on  !r 
It  pointed  out  the  various  steps  by  ^ 
they  csune  to  be  held  in  such  venera 
and  contained  some  curious  inscrip. 
from  various  parts  of  the  country, 
discussion  arose  on  this  paper,  in  wl 
some  interesting  statements  were  madi 
Prof.  Corrie  on  the  **  Shriving  "  bell. 

Mr.  Webb,  of  Trinity,  read  the  first 
a  series  of  papers  on  the  Crypts  of  Lo«- 
don.  The  subject  of  the  present  was  that 
in  Basinghall-lane.  This  gave  rise  to  a 
long  conversation  on  the  original  design 
and  nature  of  Crypts. 

On  the  14th  a  party  of  the  Society 
joined  the  President  in  an  architectural 
visit  to  the  churches  of  Swaffham  Prior, 
Burwell,  and  Fordham,  in  this  county ; 
and  on  the  18th  a  party  visited  the  chapel 
of  Jesus  College. 


We  are  glad  to  learn  that  Sir  Thomai 
Phillipps,  Bart,  of  Middlehill,  Worcester- 
shire, proposes  to  print  the  Heraldic  Vi- 
sitation of  Cambridgeshire  in  I6l9f  as 
soon  as  a  sufficient  number  of  subscribers 
can  be  obtained.  This  visitation  contains 
150  pedigrees ;  and  was  made  by  Sir 
Henry  Saint  George,  whilst  Richmond 
Herald,  as  deputy  to  Camden. 


ROMAN    ANTIQUITIES   AT  STOURwPAINE, 

DORSET. 

Mr.  Urban,  Much  speculation  hav- 
ing been  excited  among  the  curious  in 
antiquarian  researches  in  these  parts 
with  regard  to  some  circular  perforated 
atones  with  flat  sides  which  were  dug  up 
in  the  course  of  last  summer  between  the 
front  of  a  Roman  camp  and  the  outer 
agger  of  some  British  works  on  Hod  Hill 
in  this  parish,  and  participating  myself  in 
the  curiosity  so  generally  felt  as  to  their 
age  and  use,  permit  me  to  draw  the  at- 
tention of  your  contributors  on  such  sub- 
jects to  the  stones  in  question,  and  to 
solicit  their  elucidation  of  the  purpose  for 
which  they  were  employed,  and  which  at 
present  remains  but  problematical  with  all 
who  have  examined  them,  and  many  of 
whom  are  not  devoid  of  sagacity  and 
learning. 

The  material  of  which  these  stones  con- 


6S6 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


IJuat, 


sist  ii  a  fine  sandstonr,  and  certainly  far 
too  loft  and  friable  in  its  nnture  for  grind- 
ing  com,  or  for  sliarpcniuf^  implement!!  of 
agriculture,  or  any  other  articles  of  cut- 
lery. Their  diameters  vary  from  ISJ  to 
9  Inches;  their  circumference  from  44  to 
3  feet,  their  depth  from  r>|  inches  to  3 
inches.  Each  is  perforated  with  a  eircnhr 
hole,  the  diameter  of  which  in  the  largest 
■tone  is  4i  inches  at  the  top,  and  3  J  inches 
at  the  bottom  :  in  the  smallest  4  inches 
at  the  top,  and  'A  at  the  bottom.  These 
holes,  be  it  remarked,  are  rircvfar,  and 
gradually  diminishing  in  diameter  from 
one  side  of  the  stones  to  the  other ;  and 
this  fact,  in  my  humble  opinion,  at  once 
itrovei  the  impossibility  of  their  having 
been  used  for  the  purposes  of  grinding, 
or  sharpening,  independently  of  the  con- 
sideration of  the  nature  of  their  material. 

It  mar,  perhaps,  be  superfluous  to  say 
that  of  the  various  conjectures  concerning 
their  use,  some  are,  not  to  say  as  absurd, 
yet  as  amusing  as  the  opinion  prevalent 
in  our  Tillages,  and  which  therefore  I 
have  presumed  to  call  the  village  hypothC' 
8%My  with  respect  to  the  puq>ose  for  which 
the  tumHii,  or  mounds,  on  our  downs  were 
constructed,  to  cover  thone  who  trere  mur- 
dered by  tramps  ;  but  one  conjecture,  and 
which  it  is  but  due  to  the  worthy  indi- 
vidual to  state,  first  occurred  to  a  highly 
respectable  and  well-informed  yeoman  in 
the  neighbourhood,  appears  to  me  so  well 
grounded  and  sagacious  that  I  cannot  help 
submitting  it,  through  your  columns,  to 
the  consideration  of  the  antiquarian  world. 
The  gentleman  alluded  to  is  of  opinion 
that  the  stones  in  question  were  used  by 
the  Roman  officers  for  the  purpose  of 
keeping  steady  their  amphora  or  jars  of 
wine.  These  jars  we  know  tapered  from 
their  shoulders,  and  ended  in  a  narrow 
base ;  and  we  also  know  that  the  ancient 
Egyptians,  and  likewise  the  Romans,  fixed 
their  wine  jars  in  stones  of  this  descrip- 
tion, for  the  reason  above  mentioned. 

J.  C.  Prattbnt. 

Stottr-paine  Vicarage. 


nOMAN  ANTiaUITIES  AT  HUDDKRSFIELD. 

Mr.  Urban,  Since  I  forwarded  my  com- 
munication on  the  Roman  remains  found 
on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Cambodunum 
within  a  few  miles  of  Huddersfield,  (in- 
serted in  your  last  number,)  a  labourer  has 
acquainted  me  with  a  discovery  made  by 
him  a  short  time  ago,  in  digging  in  the 
fields  (called  the  Eald  Fields)  of  a  great 
variety  of  fragments  of  urns  and  vases, 
which,  it  is  very  singular,  should  be  so 


much  scattered  and  broken.  How«fer» 
by  placing  with  great  care  some  of  these 
fragments  in  a  state  of  juita-position,  it 
appears  designed  to  represent  a  himtiiig 
scene.  There  is  the  fignre  in  relief  of  • 
greyhound  in  full  chase  after  m  hare,  the 
whole  well  executed  and  forming  put  of 
a  vase.  I  have  thought  it  worm  wUte 
communicating  this  additional  diacoreiy 
to  yon,  as  it  is  evident  that  this,  Rke 
many  other  remaint  brought  to  Uglit  from 
time  to  time  on  the  lite  of  die  ancient 
Cambodunum,  would  toon  bt  forgnitm^ 
unless  recorded  in  a  work  like  yonrii 
which  will  never  cease  to  be  a  work  of  re- 
ference to  distant  ages.  While  on  tbe 
subject  I  beg  to  call  the  attention  of  your 
readers  to  an  inscription  formerly  dis- 
covered in  this  Roman  settlement  on  a 
walling  stone. 


3  REBURRHUI 


This  inscription  is  supposed  \xf  Mr. 
Watson  to  be  the  name  of  a  centurion.-^ 
Gibbon  in  his  Decline  and  Fall  of  the 
Roman  Empire  has  the  following  pMnge. 
<*  But  this  native  splendour  (aUnding  to 
the  city  of  Rome)  is  degraded  and  snUied 
by  the  conduct  of  some  nobles  {  who  nn- 
mindful  of  their  own  dignity,  and  of  tliat 
of  their  country,  assume  an  nnbonnded 
licence  of  vice  and  folly.  They  contend 
with  each  other  in  the  empty  vanitr  of 
titles  and  surnames ;  and  ourionaly  ■etoetv 
or  invent,  the  most  lofty  and  eeworwii 
appellations,  Rehurrau  or  Fabnnins,  Pkgo- 
rius  or  Tarrasius,  which  may  impreta  tiie 
ears  of  the  vulgar  with  astonishment  and 
respect." 

I  have  not  met  with  the  name  RriMuriittB 
in  any  other  author  ancient  or  modemy 
but  it  is  evident  that  an  ofioerof  that 
name  commanded  at  Slack,  and  that  too 
at  a  very  late  period  of  the  Roman  do* 
minion  in  Britain. 

May  8.  J.  K.  Walkbe,  M.D. 

RGMAN    ACADEMT   OF   AnOHiBOLOCT. 

March  S6.  D.  Ketro  OdeaoalfH 
President. 

The  perpetual  Secretary,  the  ChevaUer 
P.  E.  visconti,  gave  an  acoovnt  of  an 
important  inscription  lately  foond  near 
Cervetri,  where  the  Statnes  had  been  pre- 
viously discovered.  In  so  doing,  -ttJs 
learned  archeeologist  took  oocanon  to 
attribute  the  merit  of  the  excavatimi- 
made  there,  which  had  led  to  anch  inte- 
resting results,  to  the  Ducheaa  di  Senno- 
neta,  whose  seal  for  archmdogy  was  well 
known.    The  inscription  was  as  ibUowa  :-* 


TI.  CLAVDIVS  .  AVO.  LIB.  BVC0LA8  .  PRABOVSTATOB   .  TMCLINAmO  • 
PROG.  A  MVNERIB.  PROG.  AftVAR.  PROG.  CA8TRKN8IS  .  OVM.  Q.  OIiAT9IO.^ 
FLAYIANO  .  riLIO  ,  ET  .  SVLPICXA.  CANTABBA  .  MATJUI.  »•       "        ' 


1840.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


637 


The  Abbate  A.  Coppi  read  to  the  Aca- 
demy ail  historical  notice  on  Politorio, 
Tellene,  and  the  Castles  of  Casa  Ferrata, 
Decinio,  Romano,  and  Porciliano,  in  the 
Agru  Romano,  now  all  deserted.  He 
mentioned  the  attempts  made  by  Cardinal 
Alberuni,  on  leaving  Spain,  to  induce 
settlers  to  inhabit  these  places,  and  the 
bad  success  of  his  endeavours,  on  account 
of  the  noxious  climate  and  the  malaria  of 
the  localities. 


FRKNCII    ANTIQUARIAN     INTELLIOBNCE. 

Paris. — M.  de  Montalembert  has 
frtarted  the  discussion  in  the  Comit^  His- 
tori(|ue  des  Arts  ct  Monuments,  whether 
it  be  possible  and  suitable  to  tit  up 
Churches  at  the  present  day  in  the  style 
of  the  middle  ages.  An  answer  in  the 
aftinnative  has  been  given  by  the  Com- 
mittee ;  and  a  Commission,  appointed  to 
recommend  some  general  plan  for  car- 
rying the  idea  into  execution,  comprises 
the  Count  de  Montalembert,  Baron  Tay- 
lor, M.  Vitet,  M.  Deleclu7e,  M.Schmidt, 
and  M.  Albert  Lenoir,  the  eminent  archi- 
tect nn<l  Professor  of  Christian  Archaeo- 
logy. This  Commission  will  draw  up  a 
set  of  recommendations  to  the  clergy  on 
the  subject. 

Nine  statues  in  stone,  of  the  natural 
^ize,  richly  painted  and  gilt,  have  been 
found  underground,  in  the  cellar  of  a 
lioune  at  the  ct>rner  of  the  Rue  St.  Denis, 
and  the  Rue  Mauconseil.  They  are 
supposed  til  have  belonged  to  the  Chnrch 
of  the  Pelerins  de  St.  Jac({ues,  and  to  be 
of  the  l.Sth  century.  M.  Didron,  Secretary 
(»f  the  Cdiiiite  llirttorique  dcs  Arts  et 
Monument]!,  has  published  a  letter  calling 
on  the  vtatc  to  purchase  these  statues  for 
the  Museum  of  Christian  Antiquities  in 
the  Palais  dcs  Thermes,  and  to  remon- 
strate against  the  rude  and  ignorant  man- 
ner in  which  they  have  been  extracted 
from  the  ground,  whereby  they  hare  been 
much  damaged. 

HooKH. — M.  I^plane*s  History  of  Sis. 
trron,  one  of  the  most  curious  towns  of 
a  part  of  France  rarely  visited  by  foreign- 
ers, \h  well  hpoken  of.  There  is  an  im- 
mense deal  of  new  matter  for  the  antiqua- 
rian traveller  throughout  the  whole  coun- 
try, include<l  between  Che  Pennine  Alps 
and  \]ic  Rhone,  down  to  its  mouth.  The 
ilistrict  may  be  said  to  be  perfectly  un- 
known to  British  Archfeologists.— The 
Annuaire  dn  Ilat$et  Alp€t  is  a  very  use* 
fill  book  for  m:iny  topics  of  local  infor- 
mation.— The  second  numlicr  of  the  bul- 
letin of  the  ComiU  Hittoriqui  de9  Arh  ei 
Monummtt  has  not  yet  appeared.  There 
i«  a  hitch  somewhere  in  the  complicated 
machinery  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Minifter 
of  Public  lAftniction. 


The  Rtvu€  d€  VArehU§eiur9  et  TVoMiur 
Publiqun  ii  now  at  its  Fourth  Number. 
The  Fifth  is  also  on  the  point  of  appear- 
ing. The  engraving  department  of  thit 
work  continues  to  be  on  a  acale  of  great 
beauty,  joined  to  professional  precision 
and  minuteness  of  detail  and  measure* 
ment.  It  is  a  work  suited  for  the  archi- 
tect and  engineer,  as  an  authoritatire 
book  of  reference.  There  is  a  very  inte- 
resting article  in  Nos.  3  and  4  on  the 
Monuments  (extant,  or  of  which  repre- 
sentation remain),  erected  to  the  memorj 
of  architects  of  the  middle  ages,  and  two 
admirably  executed  wood-cuta  are  given 
with  it  of  brasses ;  one  to  the  memory  of 
Maistre  Hngues  Libergier,  architect  of 
tlie  Church  of  St.  Nicaise  at  Rheims; 
the  other  to  Alexandre  de  Bemeval  and 
one  of  his  pupils,  the  architect  of  St. 
Ouen  at  Rouen.  There  ia  a  curious  pat- 
sage  in  this  article  stating  how,  in  \ii%7^ 
on  the  Saturday  before  the  Festival  of  St. 
Giles  and  St.  Leu,  Estienne  de  Bonoeil, 
*'  Tailleur  en  pierres,  maistre  do  faira 
I'Eglise  de  Upsal  en  Su^,"  (Sweden) 
declared,  in  presence  of  the  Provost  of 
Paris,  that  he  had  borrowed  forty  livres 
of  two  Swedish  students  for  the  ezpenies 
of  the  journey  which  he  was  about  to 
make  thither,  accompanied  by  ten  com- 
panions and  ten  Baekelert,  in  order  to 
carry  on  the  work  fbr  which  be  had  been 
commissioned. — There  is  also  a  good 
article  in  No.  4,  on  Domestic  Architec- 
ture, in  which  the  Editor,  Mr.  Daly, 
points  out  tlie  disadvantages  ariiiog  to 
the  formation  of  a  national  school  of 
architecture  in  England  from  the  cirenm* 
stance  of  each  family  occupying  almoil 
always  a  single  house  to  itself.  He  ahowi 
that  on  this  account  a  large  majority  of 
the  houses  in  London  have  ever  been 
small  in  sixe,  and  nearly  devoid  of  til 
external  architectural  ornamentation,  to 
say  noUiing  of  architectural  grandenr; 
whereas,  in  Paris,  where  each  bouse  ii 
occupied  by  a  great  number  of  fiuniliet» 
and  the  buildings  are  very  extensive,  • 
much  greater  degree  of  architectural  dig- 
nity and  ornamentation  haa  long  pre- 
vailed. 

Rhone. — The  waters  of  the  RhoiM 
being,  in  consequence  of  the  extraordi- 
nary drought,  lower  this  year  than  hag 
ever  been  known  in  the  memorv  of  man, 
several  interesting  discoveries  nave  beaA 
made  in  the  bed  of  the  river  at  Lyoaa. 
At  the  foot  of  one  of  the  piers  of  abndga, 
a  stone  has  been  laid  dry,  upon  which  waa 
found  an  inscription  in  French  to  the  fol- 
lowing purport : 

"  He  who  hath  seen  me  hath  wept ; 

He  who  seeth  me  shall  weep.* 
Some  eztanaiva  repain  aad  aHeratioiia 


63{< 


Antiquarian  Researches . 


[Jane, 


have  been  uiuicrtaken  nt  the  Quay  Ful- 
chiroii ;  the  workmen  in  removing  some 
ancient  piles  from  the  bed  of  the  river, 
found  under  them  the  bronze  leg  of  a 
horse,  evidently  of  the  beat  period  of  Ro- 
man art.  This  relic  has  been  since  ascer- 
tained to  belong  to  the  tono  of  a  bronze 
horse,  long  since  placed  in  the  Museum  at 
Lyons.  Other  discoveries  are  expected 
to  be  made  on  the  same  spot. 

OisE. — ^The  Bishop  of  Beanvais  has 
just  instituted  an  Archaeological  Commis- 
sion at  Beauvais,  to  superintend  the  Chris- 
tian antiquities  of  his  diocese.  Among 
the  instructions  issued  to  all  curates  and 
ecclesiastics  under  the  Bishop^s  jurisdic- 
tion, it  is  especially  enjoined  them  not 
to  allow  of  any  reparations  or  alterations 
being  made  in  any  ecclesiastical  building, 
except  in  the  primitive  style  of  that  build- 
ing ;  and  also  not  to  allow  of  the  sale  or 
transfer  of  any  object  of  antiquity  belong- 
ing to  such  buildings  without  the  pre- 
vious consent  of  the  diocesan.  It  is  also 
enjoined  them  to  make  returns  of  the  state 
and  style  of  the  churches. 

Seine  et  Oise.  —  At  Montfort-PA- 
raaury,  part  of  the  ancient  chateau  of 
the  Amaurys  threatening  to  fall  down,  the 
municipal  council,  instead  of  propping  up 
the  wall,  about  forty  feet  high,  which 
might  have  been  done  at  small  expense, 
ordered  it  to  be  pulled  down ;  and,  to 
effect  this,  the  locad  architect  employed  a 
great  number  of  men,  and  an  immense 
system  of  levers  formed  by  beams  of  the 
largest  dimensions,  to  root  up  the  part  of 
the  wall  in  question.  The  act  of  Van- 
dalism was  completed  on  the  24th  of 
April  1840,  at  a  cost  three  or  four  times 
as  great  as  it  would  have  taken  to  pre- 
serve the  wall  entire.  It  is  a  pity  that  the 
Municipal  Council  and  the  architect  were 
not  under  the  wall  at  the  time  it  fell ! 

Corsica. — M.  Merim^e,  in  his  work 
on  this  island,  just  published,  entitled. 
Notes  of  a  Tour  in  Corsica^  observes 
that  there  are  no  churches  remaining 
there  of  a  date  anterior  to  the  eleventh 
century ;  and  that  the  greater  part  of  the 
mediaeval  churches  are  all  anterior  to  the 
fourteenth  century,  most  of  them  resem- 
bling the  sacred  edifices  of  Pisa  in  the 
stj'le  of  their  architecture.  The  most  re- 
markable is  the  Canonica,  the  ancient  ca- 
thedral of  Mariana,  an  edifice  standing  by 
itself  in  the  midst  of  a  plain,  where  the 
shepherds  come  in  summer  to  pasture 
their  flocks.  All  the  other  early  churches, 
such  as  San  Perteo,  that  of  Carbini,  the 
church  of  Paomia,  and  the  ancient  cathe- 
dral of  Nebbio,  all  reproduce  the  Byzan- 
tine characteristics  of  the  Canonica.  The 
church  of  St.  Michel  of  Murato  is  one  of 
remarkable  purity  and  elegance  of  archi- 
tecture ;  that  of  St.  Nicholas,  near  Mu- 

rAtO;  is  not  l^s  worthy  of  notice,  on  ac< 


count  of  its  ornamentation.  The  only 
traces  of  the  pointed  style  are  to  be  fomid 
at  Bonifacio,  and  there  the  specimens  are 
not  good  ones.  There  are  numeroiis  Cel- 
tic or  Gaelic  remains,  dolmens,  crom- 
lechs, &c.  in  the  inner  parts  of  the  island. 
The  Roman  remains  are  peculiarly  scanty. 

DoRDOGNE. — On  the  application  of  the 
Bishop  of  Pdrigueux,  the  minister  of  jus- 
tice and  public  worship  has  made  an  an- 
nual grant  of  1500  francs  towards  the 
repairs  of  the  cathedral  of  P6riguens»  be« 
sides  a  sum  of  4500  francs  fbr  present  ne- 
cessities. The  complete  restoration  of 
this  fine  building  is  expected  to  be 
shortly  taken  in  hand. 

GiRONDE. — ^The  medals  and  coins  lately 
discovered  at  Cestus,  near  Bordeaux,  are 
all  of  the  second  century,  except  two  of 
Domitian  of  the  first  century,  and  two  of 
Alexander  Severus  of  the  third.  Among 
them  are  one  of  Sabina ;  two  of  Anto- 
ninus Pius ;  one  of  Marcus  Aurelios, 
large  brass  ;  on  the  reverse  of  this  medal 
are  funeral  piles  and  a  car.  There  are  also 
among  them  a  Faustina  Junior,  hearing  on 
its  reverse  Cybele  seated  between  two 
lions ;  one  of  Julian  I.  (Didius  Julianas) 
middle  brass,  on  the  reverse  a  fismalB 
standing  between  two  standards.  This 
medal  is  extremely  rare.  All  the  medals 
are  well  preserved. 

Haut  Rhin. — The  Minister  of  the  In- 
terior has  granted  1000  firancs  to  each  of 
the  three  buildings, — the  church  of  Ros- 
heim,  of  the  eleventh  century,  one  of  the 
most  interesting  of  France ;  the  abbey 
church  of  Marmoutier ;  and  the  erypt  of 
the  abbey  of  Andlau. 

Saone  et  Loire.  In  the  Bois  de  St. 
Jean,  near  Autun,  the  tomb  of  a  Roman 
female  has  been  uncovered  by  some  wood- 
cutters. The  covering  is  a  rough  stone 
1*15  metres  long,  by  *35  metre  wide.  The 
upper  end  is  deeply  chiselled,  and  bears 
a  female  head  in  relief,  below  which  is 
the  word  MINVCIA.  Underneath  the 
stone  was  found  a  small  vase  of  yellow 
earth  filled  with  ashes,  by  the  side  of 
which  was  a  bronze  ring. 

Belgium. — ^The  tower  of  the  Hotel 
d'Egmont,  at  Mechlin,  to  which  so  many 
historical  and  national  recollections  were 
attached,  has  just  been  demolished.  The 
magnificent  gateways  of  the  city  of  the 
15th  century,  had  been  previonsly  taken 
down  by  order  of  the  barbaroM  nnuiici- 
pality. 

WuRTEHBERG. — A  considerable  Aom* 
bcr  of  Roman  antiquities  have  been  dis- 
covered a  few  weeks  back,  near  the  hill 
of  Alkenburg,  on  the  left  bank  of  tiie 
Neckar.  Among  them  an  several. ooins- 
of  Maximinus  and  SeTWWy  wd  fOHM  of . 
Fhilippni,  A.D«  248, 


039 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


PROCEEDINGS  IN  PARLIAMENT. 


House  of  Lobds,  May  4<. 

The  Judges  attended  to  give  their 
answers  in  reference  to  the  Canadian 
Clergy  Reserves.  They  are  of  opinion 
that  the  words  **  a  Protestant  clergy,"  in 
the  31st  Geo.  III.  cap.  31  (sections  35  to 
42),  are  large  enough  to  include,  and  do 
include,  other  clergy  than  clergy  of  the 
Church  of  England,  and  Protestant 
bishops,  and  priests  and  deacons  who 
have  received  episcopal  ordination.  And 
to  the  second  part  of  the  question,  "If 
any  other,  what  other?"  they  answered, 
clergymen  of  the  Church  of  Scotland. 
With  respect  to  the  second  question, 
they  are  of  opinion  that  the  41st  section 
of  the  31  St  Geo.  III.  is  entirely  pro- 
spective,  and  that  the  power  whicn  it 
gave  to  the  Legislative  Council  and  As- 
sembly of  either  of  the  provinces  of  Ca- 
nada  is  limited  to  future  allotments  and 
appropriations,  and  cannot  affect  lands 
already  appropriated.  With  respect  to 
the  last  question  proposed,  they  all  agree 
in  opinion  that  the  Legislative  Council 
and  Assembly  of  Upper  Canada,  have 
exceeded  their  lawful  authority  in  pass* 
ing  an  act  "  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  the 
Clergy  Reserves,  and  for  the  distribution 
of  the  proceeds  thereof,**  and  that  any 
sale  made  under  its  provisions  will  be 
contrary  to  the  provisions  of  the  7th  and 
8th  of  Geo.  IV.  and  therefore  void. 

The  second  reading  of  the  Irish  Mu- 
nicipal Corporations  Reform  Bill 
was  strongly  opposed  by  the  Earl  of 
JVinckilsea,  the  Marquess  of  West- 
meathf  Lord  Montcashelf  and  the  Duke 
of  Newcastle.  The  Duke  of  Wei. 
lington  should  not  oppose  the  second 
reading,  but  should  watch  the  measure 
closely  in  committee  ;  when,  if  not 
amended  to  his  satisfaction,  he  should 
oppose  the  third  reading. — The  Earl  of 
Winchilsea  having  moved  that  the  Bill  be 
read  a  second  time  that  day  six  months, 
their  lordships  divided,  and  the  amend- 
ment was  lost  by  a  majority  of  99,  or  131 
against  32. 

In  the  House  of  Commons  on  the 
same«day,  Lord  John  Russell  brought  in 
two  Bills  to  remedy  the  defects  in  the 
Registration  of  Voters.  His  lord- 
ship laid  it  down  as  a  general  principle 
that  the  great  object  of  the  Legislature 
should  be  to  give  facilities  for  the  fran- 
chise, not  to  place  impediments  in  the 
way  of  its  exercise.    As  remedies  for  the 


*o       MV 


varying  judgments  of  the  revising 
ters,  and  for  frivolous  notices  of 
tion,  he  proposed — first,  a  fixed  ct 
permanent  revising  barristers,  fift 
number,  who  should  go  their  c 
through  the  kingdom.  He  would 
the  voter,  as  is  now  the  practice  in 
land,  to  register  without  proof  of  t 
not  objected  to  ;  at  the  lisk,  howc 
such  a  case,  of  being  questioned  at  < 
sequent  registration.  But  if  the 
should  regularly  prove  his  title  t< 
satisfaction  of  the  barrister,  the  regi 
tion  of  his  vote  on  such  proof  shou.- 
final,  unless  the  vote  should  be  disp 
by  appeal,  or  unless  the  circumstant 
his  qualification  should  afterwards 
changed.  In  case  of  frivolous  objecti^m 
costs  should  be  allowed.  The  appcitl 
should  be  only  on  questions  of  Jaw, 
leaving  the  barrister's  decision  final  upon 
facts.  Of  the  fifteen  barristers  there 
should  be  appellate  judges,  taking  a 
smaller  share  of  the  circuit  business. 
Such  a  tribunal  would,  ere  long,  have 
the  effect  of  reconciling  discordant  deci- 
sions, and  settling  a  body  of  uniform  law. 
The  judges,  by  the  present  law,  named 
the  revising  barristers.  He  proposed 
that  each  of  the  judges  should  name  three 
candidates,  giving  forty-five  in  all :  from 
which  forty- five  the  fifteen  should  be 
selected  by  the  Speaker.  This  would  be 
a  practical  recognition  of  the  right  of  the 
House  to  adjudicate  upon  questions  of 
parliamentary  election.  The  fifteen  so 
chosen  by  the  Speaker  should  not  be  re- 
movable, except,  like  the  superior  judges, 
by  address. 

The  proposals  of  his  other  Bill  are, 
that  in  boroughs  at  least  51.  of  the  10/. 
qualification  shall  be  in  house  pro- 
perty as  distinguished  from  property  in 
land.  In  counties  joint  occupiers  of 
sufficient  value  to  qualify  each,  may  vote 
as  they  do  in  boroughs.  The  long.com- 
plained-of  requisition  of  paying  up  taxes 
before  registration  is  altered,  to  a  provi. 
sion  that  it  shall  not  be  necessary  to  have 
paid  any  assessed  taxes,  nor  any  poor- 
rates  not  due  at  least  six  months  before 
the  election.  No  person  to  lose  his  vote 
at  an  election  by  reason  of  a  change  of 
residence  since  the  last  registration. 


House  of  Lords,  May  5. 

May  5.  The  Earl  of  Aberdeen  moved  the 
first    reading  of  a  Bill  to  arrange  the 


640 


Parliafneniary  Proeeedlngg, 


[Jane, 


dispute  relative  to  the  right  of  presen- 

TATION  TO    LIVINGS    IN    SCOTI.AND.      The 

agitation  which  at  present  prevails  has 
t&en  its  rise  from  an  act  of  the  General 
Assembly,  b^  which  a  niajoritj  of  the 
heads  of  families  in  a  parish  are  enabled, 
in  the  case  of  any  presentation,  to  pro- 
hibit the  Presbytery,  by  the  mere  expres- 
sion of  their  dissent,  from  proceeding 
with  the  examination  of  the  patron's  no- 
minee, who  is  consequently  rendered  in- 
capable  of  profiting  by  his  representation. 
A  person  tous  dissented  to  had  brought 
the  case  before  the  Court  of  Session, 
who  pronounced  the  **  Veto"  an  illegal 
interference  with  the  patron's  rights; 
their  decision  was  appealed  a^iust,  and 
the  House  in  its  appellate  jurisdiction 
bad  confirmed  the  judgment.  The  Ge- 
neral Assembly,  instead  of  rescinding  their 
act,  had  merely  suspended  its  operation 
for  one  year ;  and,  during  this  period,  the 
Committee  had  prohibited  the  Presbytery 
from  proceeding  with  the  examination  of 
a  person  to  whom  the  congregation  dis- 
sented. The  Presbytery,  being  aware 
that  the  *'  Veto"  had  been  pronounced 
illegal,  declined  to  obey  this  prohibition, 
and  a  majority  of  their  number  were  in 
consequence  immediately  suspended.  In 
order  to  remedy  this  state  of  things,  the 
Noble  Earl  said  that  by  the  system  which 
he  proposed  to  establish,  the  nominee  of 
the  patron  would  be  directed  by  the  Pres- 
bytery to  preach  in  the  parish  church, 
and  an  intimation  would  be  afterwards 
given  that  they  would  receive  any  objec- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  parishioners  to 
the  minister,  either  generally  or  to  his 
settlement  in  that  particular  parish,  which 
objection  should  on  a  day  appointed  for 
the  purpose,  be  carefully  considered  and 
decided  upon,  the  appeal  on  either  part 
being  to  the  superior  ecclesiastical  courts. 
The  nuke  qf  Buccleitch,  the  Duke  qf 
'Argyll^  and  Lord  Oalloway  having  ex- 
pressed their  entire  concurrence  with  the 
principles  of  the  Bill,  Lord  Melbourne 
expressed  a  wish  that  the  subject  should 
meet  with  the  fullest  consideration ;  and 
the  Bill  was  read  a  first  time. 

May  11.  The  Lord  Chancellor  moved 
the  second  reading  of  his  Bill  for  the 
better  AoMiNiSTaATioN  of  Justice.  His 
lordship  made  a  long  statement  to  show 
that  the  Chancery  Courts,  as  at  present 
constituted,  were  insufficient  to  perform 
the  immense  increase  of  business,  and 
proposed  various  alterations,  of  which  the 
following  are  the  leading  points : — that 
there  should  be  two  new  Judges  in  Chan- 
cery to  be  called  Vice-chancellors, 
making  altogether  three  Vice  Chancel- 
lors ;  that  there  should  be  a  Law  Master 
in  Chancery;  that  the  Master  of  the 
10 


Rolls  should  be  pennuiently  Yice-Preai- 
dent  of  the  Jumdal  Committee  of  the 
Privv  Council ;  that  this  Committee 
should  have  the  power  to  call  on  the 
fifteen  judges  for  their  opinion;  that  the 
equity  Jurisdiction  of  the  Court  of  Ex- 
chequer should  be  abolished.  The  Bill 
was  read  a  second  time. 

MayXb,  The  House  hmvingretolved  it- 
self into  a  committee  of  Ways  and  Meant, 
the   Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  pm- 
ceeded  to  open  his  Budget.     He  begaa 
by  stating  toe  income  and  expenditure 
of  last  year,  and  explained  that  the  de- 
ficiency of   1,457,000/.  was  not  all  of  it 
to  be  provided    for    now,     I  000,00(K. 
having  been  alreadv  raised  in  Exchequer 
bills,  and  other  bxchequer-bills  to  the 
amount  of  $^,000/.  having  been  issued 
to  the  Irish  cleiigy,  and  afterwards  fund- 
ed.    These  sums  deducted  from  the  be- 
fore-mentioned deficiency,  left  a  present 
deficit  of  only  197.000/.  to  be  actually 
provided  for.     Coming  to  the  calculation 
for  the  current  year,  he  stated  that  the 
total  expenditure  would  be  49,432,000/. 
and  the  probable  income,  from  the  al- 
ready    existing    resources,    47,034,000/. 
From  this  latter  sum  he  would  deduct 
300,000/.  on  account  of  a  probable  dimi- 
nution in  the  Customs  from  certain  re- 
ductions  of  duty  which  would  follow  upon 
the  completion   of  a  commercial  treaty 
now  in  progress  with  France ;  and  34,000/. 
on  account  of  a  remission  of  the  duty  on 
carriages  let  for  hire — a  necessary  relief 
to  the  keepers  of  posthorsea,  now  seri- 
ously injured  by  the  operation  of  the 
railways.      The     tax    now    upon   hack 
chaises  was  4/.  5«. ;  upon  pair.borse*car. 
riages  5/.  5«. ;  upon  four-wheeled  car- 
riages  4/.    10«. ;  and  upon  two-wheeled 
carriages  3/.  5f ;  all  of  which  he  pro- 
posed   to  reduce  to  3/.      Tlie  income 
would  then  stand  at  46,700,000/.     The 
deficiency  therefore  would  be  2,732,000/. 
which  he  would  now  state  his  plan  for 
supplying.     He  was  not  disposed,  except 
for  occasional  expenses,  such  as  those  of 
the  Canadian  and  Chinese  armaments,  to 
resort  to  merely  temporary  expedients  of 
finance.     He  must  look  to  a  revenue  of 
a  more  permanent  nature.     In  doing  this 
his  first  object  would  be  that  the  hand  of 
the  tax-gatherer  should  be  placed  on  no 
new  object  of  taxation.     Except  where 
the  old  taxes  had  been  raised  to  so  high  a 
point  that  the  increase  of  impost  pro- 
duced only  decrease  of  consumption,  and 
consequently  of  revenue,  an  addition  to 
old  taxes  was  better  than  a  creation  of 
new;  for  no  fresh  establishments  were 
required,  and  no  fresh  vexations  nor  de- 
rangements  occasioned.  He  would  there- 
fore propose  an  addition  of  5  per  cent,  on 


1840.] 


Foreign  News, 


641 


the  Cu'-toma  ami  Excise,  with  exceptions 
us  to  certuin  articles,  aiul  an  addition  of 
10  per  cent.,  or  2!>.  in  the  pound,  on  the 
assessed  taxes.  The  first  exception  from 
tlu'  5  per  cent,  duty  would  be  in  the 
article  of  spirits,  on  which  he  would  pro- 
)>(>se  a  general  duty  of  4d.  a  gallon  ;  a 
second  would  be  in  the  article  of  corn, 
which,  as  the  duty  was  not  levied  for 
piir|)oses  of  revenue,  he  proposed  to  leave 
wholly  untouched;  and  the  third  would 
be  in  the  duties  on  post-horses,  and  in 
the  licenses  upon  stage  coaches,  which 
would  also  be  exempted  from  all  addi- 
tion. He  thought  it  expedient,  for  the 
fairer  levy  of  the  window- tax,  that  a  new 
^urvey  should  be  made  ;  and  the  produce 
from  all  these  sources  would  be  as  fol- 
lows :  — 
6  per  cent,  on   Customs  and 

Kxcise  .i,M  ,4.26,000 

-k/.  per  gallon  on  spirits  .  484,800 
10 per  cent,  on  assessed  taxes  276,000 
Increase  from  new  survey    .  150,000 


Total  new  revenue      2,336,800 
Mr.   Hume  moved  as  an  amendment 


that  a  |Ax  on  the  descent  of  real  property 
on  a  scale  varying  from  1  to  10  per  cent. 
according  to  the  tax  on  the  transmisaion 
of  personal  property.  On  division  there 
appeared  for  the  resolution,  156  ;  for  the 
amendment  39  ; — majority,  1 15.  On  the 
second  resolution  of  5  per  cent,  on  the 
('ustoms,  and  4r/.  per  gallon  on  spirits 
being  proposed,  Capt.  Jones  and  Gen. 
Johnson  opposed  it.  For  the  resolution, 
111;  against  it  15  ; — majority,  96.  The 
resolution  empowering  an  addition  of  10 
per  cent,  on  the  Assessed  Taxes  was 
then  agreed  to,  and  the  ,House  resumed. 
May  18.  After  the  presentation  of  a 
great  many  petitions  for  and  against  the 
Kegistration  of  Voters  (Ireland)  Bill, 
the  order  of  the  day  having  been  read  for 
going  into  committee  upon  it,  Sir  Wil^ 
Ham  S&merville  moved  as  an  amendment 
that  it  be  committed  that  day  six  months. 
A  protracted  debate  ensued,  which  was 
continued  on  the  two  following  evenings. 
On  the  division  there  appeared  for  uie 
amendment,  298';  against  it,  301 ;— ma- 
jority against  ministers,  3. 


FOREIGN   NEWS. 


FRANCE. 

On  the  12th  of  May,  in  the  Chamber  of 
Dejitities,  the  Minister  of  the  Interior 
brotif;lit  forward  a  project  of  law  for  the 
vote  of  a  million  of  fratics,  to  defray  the 
exjM'nse  of  an  expedition  to  St.  Helena, 
under  the  command  of  the  Prince  de 
Joinville,  to  bring  from  that  island  the 
ashes  of  the  Emperor  Napoleon,  in  order 
that  they  may  find  their  last  resting-place 
in  France.  '*  The  government,  anxious 
to  accomj)Ii»h  a  national  duty,  addressed 
it.selfto  Kngland,  and  requested  the  sur- 
render of  that  precious  de|>osit  which  for- 
tune had  placed  in  her  hands.  The  wish 
had  hardly  l>een  expressed  when  it  was 
complied  with.  These  arc  the  words  of 
our  magnanimous  allies  : — 'Her  Majesty's 
government  hopes  that  the  promptitude 
with  which  the  answer  is  given  will  be 
considered  in  France  as  a  proof  of  its 
w  ish  to  enise  the  last  trace  of  those  na- 
tional animosities  which,  during  the  life 
of  the  Kmi>eror,  armed  France  against 
Kngland.  Her  Britannic  Maiesty*s  go- 
vernment wishes  to  believe  that  if  any 
remains  of  such  a  sentiment  still  exist, 
they  will  be  buried  in  the  tomb  where  the 
la«st  remains  of  Napoleon  shall  be  de- 
posited.' England  is  right,  gentlemen; 
this  noble  restitution  will  strengthen  the 
bonds  which  unite  us,  and  will  contribute 
Glut,  Mau.  Vou  XIII, 


to  efface  our  painful  recollections  of  the 
padt.  The  period  is  arrived  when  the 
two  nations  snould  only  have  the  remem- 
brance of  their  glory !  The  credit  which 
we  now  ask  of  the  Chamber  has  for  its 
object  the  removal  of  the  remains  of  the 
Emperior  to  the  Invalides,  the  funeral 
ceremony,  and  the  erection  of  a  tomb. 
"  His  tomb,  like  his  glory,  will  belong 
only  to  his  country  !"*  The  minister,  dur« 
ing  his  speech,  was  frequently  interrupted 
by  the  most  enthusiastic  cheering,  ana  the 
grant  required  would  have  been  carried  by 
acclamation  bad  not  the  regulations  of  th« 
Chamber  required  twenty-four  hourt' 
notice  for  the  presentation  of  a  new  law. 
A  statue  of  the  Genius  of  Liberty  has 
been  raised  on  the  summit  of  the  column 
on  the  Place  dc  la  Bastille.  The  figure 
is  13  feet  in  height,  and  weighs  between 
3,(HX)lbs  and  i.OUOlbs.  It  is  winged,  and 
bt>ars  in  the  right  hand  a  flaminff  torch« 
and  in  the  left  a  broken  chain.  One  foot 
rests  upon  a  globe,  the  other  being  in  the 
air.  On  the  four  faces  of  the  colnmn  are 
brass  plates,  upon  which  there  are  inscrip- 
tions. That  towards  the  east  is  this 
— <*  La  loi  du  13  Decembre,  1890:  Un 
monument  sera  consacr^  k  la  m^moire  det 
ev^nemens  de  Juillet.  Li  loi  du  9  Man^ 
1833:  Art.  2,  Ce  monument  sera  ^rig^ 
sur  la  Place  de  k  Bastille.**  That  towardi 


6'12 


DofMitic  Oecurreneei. 


[Jane, 


the  west — ''  A  la  gloire  den  Citojens 
Fran^ais  qui  8*armfTpnl  et  comlmttireiit 
pour  la  drfvnst*  dcd  Liberty's  publiqucR 
dans  les  M^inorablcs  Jouriiecfi  des  27,  28 
et  29  Juilli't,  IHai).-  Those  towards  the 
north  and  south  bear  only  the  dates  27, 
28  et  29  Juillet. 

BPAIN. 

A  new  Carlist  insurrection  broke  out 
in  Navarre,  Bt  the  end  of  April,  and  arm- 
ed bands  of  Guerillas  Rimultaneously  ap- 
peared at  different  points  ;  but  they  have 
been  defeated  in  two  or  three  skirmishes, 
and  Espartero  is  gradually  reducing  the 
fiew  fortresses  still  held  by  the  Carlists, 
while  the  indomitable  Cabrera,  who  has 
been  so  long  the  sole  support  of  the  cause, 
is  said  to  be  so  enfeebled  by  severe  and 
protracted  illness  as  to  be  scarcely  able  to 
move.  Maella,  and  only  one  or  two 
other  towns,  still  hold  out,  but  as  Espar- 
tero is  enabled  to  concentrate  his  forces 
against  them,  and  has  at  his  disposal  an 
immense  matiriel,  it  is  supposed  that 
they  will  not  be  able  to  make  any  formid- 
able resistance. 


AniCA. 

The  French  army  has  travened  the 
])lain  of  Mitidja,  and  the  vallevs  of  the 
Oued-el-Hachemand  Oued-Bdioc.  Five 
combats,  all  honourable  to  the  titMips, 
have  taken  place.  Marshal  Vallte  has  ror. 
tified  a  camp  at  the  foot  of  the  Atlaa,  at 
Haouch-Mouzaia,  and  brought  thither  a 
considerable  supply  of  provisioni,  but  no 
sooner  has  he  marched  his  army  to  the 
foot  of  the  Atlas,  than  the  plain  behind 
him  is  swept  b^  the  Arab  horaemen ; 
Chcrchel  is  besieged  for  six  days  |  Al- 
giers is  menaced  to  such  a  degree  that  he 
is  obliged  to  detach  1500  men  from  the 
invading  army  to  save  it.  Military  men, 
in  criticising  his  operations,  find  that  he 
committed  a  grand  fault  in  extending  so 
much  the  basis  of  his  operations.  Among 
the  schemes  discussed  for  the  protection 
of  the  colonists,  is  a  wall  like  that  of 
China,  or  those  of  the  Romans  in  Britain, 
to  keep  away  the  Arab  horsemen.  It  has 
been  suggested  by  a  man  of  considtmble 
talent,  and  they  say  put  forward  in  so 
feasible  a  point  of  view  that  it  will  at  least 
be  considered. 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


April  6.  The  following  estimates  were 
opened  by  the  Nelson  Testimonial  Com- 
mittee, for  the  erection  of  Mr.  Railton's 
column  in  Trafalgar-square,  Messrs.  Peto 
and  Grissell,  the  builders,  being  the 
successful  candidates  : — Messrs.  Peto, 
17,860/.;  Baker,  17,940/.;  Jackston, 
18,200/.  ;  Grundy,  19,700/. ;  Hicks, 
20,500/. ;  Mallcott,  27,000/.  The  erec- 
tion is  to  be  of  granite,  and  is  to  be  finish, 
ed  in  two  years.  The  pillar  is  to  50  feet 
higher  than  the  Duke  of  York's  column, 
and  the  figure  of  Nelson  will  be  without  a 
cloak. 

April  23.  The  ceremony  of  laying  the 
first  stone  of  a  new  gaol  at  Peterborough 
was  performed  by  Earl  Fitzwilliam,  aided 
by  Mr.  Royce,  sen.  who  presented  his 
Lordship  with  a  handsome  trowel,  &c. 
the  property  of  the  Peterborough  Lodge 
of  Freemasons.  The  Lord  Bishop  offered 
up  an  appropriate  prayer,  partly  quoted 
from  our  excellent  liturgy,  praying  God 
'*  to  bless  and  keep  the  magistrates,  giv- 
ing them  grace  to  execute  justice  and  to 
maintain  truth."  On  the  foundation 
stone  was  engraved  the  following  inscrip. 
tion  : — *'  This  foundation  stone  of  a  prison 
for  the  liberty  or  soke  of  Peterborough 
was  laid  April  23,  1840,  by  the  Right 
Hon.  Charies  William  Earl  Fitzwilliam, 
Custos  Kotulorum,  &c. ;  architect,  W.  J. 
Donthorn,   Esq. ;    contractors   for  the 


building,  J.   Royce  and   Sons,  and   R. 
Woolston." 

Mav  3.  A  dreadfiil  fire  occurred  at  the 
vitriol,  saltpetre,  and  white-lead  works  pf 
Messrs.  firandram  (brothers)  and  Co., 
situate  in  the  Lower  Peptford-rand, 
Rotherhithe.  The  manufiustory  is  con- 
sidered, for  its  extent  and  completeness, 
one  of  the  most  important  in  the  metro- 
polis. It  is  entered  by  a  lai^  meadow, 
opposite  Old  Rotherbitbe  workhouse, 
and  occupies  a  Isrge  space  of  groimd* 
about  260  feet  in  length,  and  160  feet  in 
depth,  surrounded  by  several  reseryoirs  of 
water.  The  fire  was  first  observed  in  the 
colour  manufiictory,  a  building  40  ^tet 
square,  which  was  speedily  ooqaqmed. 
The  flames  then  attacked  the  coloar  store- 
house adjoining,  and  theAce  continue 
their  progress  to  an  extensive  building  in 
the  rear,  80  feet  in  length  and  nwily  40 
in  breadth,  called  the  "  wash**  depart- 
ment. In  these  premises,  as  well  as  tlie 
colour  manufactory,  there  was  a  grent 
quantity  of  patentpresses  and  macblPffy 
propelled  bv  a  200-horse-power  aieiip 
engine.  While  the  firemen  were  scidhig 
the  roof  of  the  whitekad  numoAetoiy, 
which  occupies  the  w^t  wiqg  of  the 
works,  a  laive  tank  in  the  **  wash"  do* 
partment,  holding  several  hundred  tuqa  of 
oil,  exploded ;  adding  to  the  fniy  of  ih/b 
flames  and  the  terrorof  thQaeenj|ig9d,o|v|q| 


1840.] 


Domestic  Oceurrencei. 


643 


to  its  being  contiguous  to  the  saltpetre 
manufactory,  (the  eastern  wing).  At  this 
crisis  Mr.  Braidwood  brought  the  prin- 
cipal portion  of  the  fire  brigade  to  bear 
upon  the  latter  manufactory ;  which  was 
in  great  danger,  and  one  portion  of  the 
roof  on  fire.  The  firemen  ascended, 
greatly  to  the  astonishment  of  the  by- 
standers, and,  after  great  difficulty,  at  the 
risk  of  their  lives,  succeeded  in  saving  it 
from  destruction.  The  conflagration  con- 
tinued for  some  hours  after ;  but  was  pre- 
vented from  communicating  to  any  other 
purt  of  the  works. 

A/ai/  !Jl.  The  annual  general  meeting 
of  the  Incorporated  Society  for  Building, 
Knlar^ing,  und  Repairing  (churches  and 
(  hapels,  took  place  in  their  board-room, 
No.  I,  St.  Martin's-place.  The  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  in  the  chair.  The 
number  of  grants  during  the  past  year  has 
been  149,  being  28  more  than  the  pre- 
vious year,  which,  in  itself,  exceeded  any 
former  year.  Fifty-eight  of  this  year's 
grants  were  for  new  churches  and  cha- 
p(>ls.  The  amount  of  money  granted  was 
2l-/M>7/.,  being  l,U(X)/.  more  than  has  ever 
been  granted  in  any  previous  year.  The 
numl)er  of  additional  sittings  gained  is 
.'}2,i)W\  of  these  34,000  are  free,  being 
also  a  great  increase  upon  any  former 
year.  Since  its  commencement,  in  1818, 
the  Society  has  directly  assisted  in  the 
building  375  new  churches  and  chapels, 
nf  enlarging  1,380  parish  churches,  and 
thus  ftrovidini?  additional  sittings  to  the 
number  of  4b7,53<>,  of  which  341,316  are 
free  ;  and  the  whole  amount  of  money 
tfxpetided  out  of  the  society's  funds  is 
"^Hl  ,0 1 3/.  The  present  state  of  their  fund 
is,  up  to  31  At  Alarch  last,  received  under 
authority  of  the  Queen's  letter  30,()00/. ; 
the  balance  in  favour  of  the  society  being 
7,Ni7/.  Since  then  10,000/.  additional 
have  b«>en  received  from  the  same  source ; 
but  the  grants  have  more  than  proportion- 
ably  increased,  and  the  balance  now  re- 
maining at  the  disposal  of  the  society 
doe^  not  exceed  3,000/. 

On  the  occasion  of  the  foundation 
utone  of  a  new  chapel  being  laid  in  the 
parish  of  Martorkt  Somerset,  a  large  num- 
ber of  the  farmers  and  yeomen  of  the 
neighbourhood  voluntarily  agreed  to  bring 
all  the  stone  necessary  for  the  building 
horn  the  celebrated  quarries  nt  Ham -hill, 
about  tive  miles  distant.  Their  waggons, 
tu  the  number  of  70,  were  loaded  early  in 
tlie  morning,  and  went  in  regular  proces- 
sion to  the  ground,  which  they  reached 
hcfou!  nine  o'clo<*k  ;  the  waggons  and 
tiauM  were  adorned  with  laurels  and  li- 
lacs, and  the  whole  of  the  inhubitants 
seemed  to  welcome  the  procession,  wiiich 
extended  half  a  mile  in  length.     Though 


the  site  of  the  chapel  was  remote  from 
any  town»  and  the  morning  was  at  first 
very  unfavourable,  the  ceremony  was  at- 
tended by  at  least  4000  or  5000  persons. 
This  is  an  example,  in  the  true  spirit  of 
catholic  religion,  which  is  well  worthy  of 
imitation  among  the  laity  of  the  church. 

Bristol  Cathedral,  which  has  been 
closed  for  six  weeks,  was  re-opened  for 
Divine  service  on  Good  Friday.  In  the 
interval  the  restoration  of  the  beautiful 
stone  altar-screen  has  been  effected  by 
the  erection  of  a  central  arch  corresponii- 
ing  with  those  that  were  discovered  two 
or  three  years  ago,  and  which  had  been 
walled  up.  These  arches  are  in  the  florid 
pointed  style  of  the  fifteenth  century,  and 
the  divisions  between  them  are  occupied 
by  handsome  niches.  The  arms  and 
shields  have  been  divested  of  successive 
coats  of  paint.  The  superbly  ornamented 
facade  at  the  base  of  the  east  window, 
over  the  altar,  has  also  been  cleared  of  ac- 
cumulations of  lime  and  plaster,  and  now 
presents  an  interesting  object.  Two 
handsome  chairs,  made  from  the  oak  seat- 
ing which  not  long  ago  stood  in  the  outer 
choir,  occuj)v  the  side  recesses.  In  the 
screens  which  divide  the  choir  from  the 
aisles,  plate  glass  has  been  substituted  for 
oak  pannelling,  thus  materially  aiding  the 
general  effect.  The  wooden  altar  screen, 
which  had  so  long  disfigured  the  church, 
has  not  yet  passed  into  the  hands  of  the 
Irvingites,  by  whom  (though  not  directly 
of  the  Chapter)  it  was  purcnased  for  their 
new  chapel ;  and  it  is  said  a  law-suit  baa 
been  commenced  for  its  possession. 

May  20.  At  a  quarter  before  nine  at 
night  the  south-west  tower  of  Vork  3iiHm 
iter  was  found  to  be  on  fire,  and  in  half 
an  hour  after  the  flames  had  so  far  gained 
ascendancy  that  all  chance  of  saving  it  WM 
rendered  hopeless.  The  fire  assumed  an 
awfully  grand  appearance,  the  successire 
falling  in  of  the  burning  rafters  and  of 
portions  of  the  roof,  caused  a  continuous 
shower  of  fire,  which  a  bribk  north- 
easterlv  wind  carried  to  a  great  distance 
over  the  city.  The  horror  was  greatly 
heightened  bv  the  falling,  at  intervals,  of 
the  fine  peal  of  bells.  At  near  eleven 
o'clock  the  tiro  in  the  tower  api>eared  to 
have  almost  exhausted  itself,  but  between 
eleven  and  twelve,  the  roof  of  the  nave 
begun  to  full  in,  and  the  flames  now  having 
free  vent  shot  up  in  vivid  columns  in  the 
air,  whilst  the  painted  windows,  rich  in 
the  symbols  and  recollections  of  the 
*'  olden  time,"  displayed  their  bright  and 
vuri<'gfited  transparencies,  a  melancholy 
contrast  to  the  dcKtruetion  atound  them. 
Abcnit  half- past  twelve,  the  whole  of  the 
roof  having  gone  in,  the  flames  gradually 
subsided,  and  between  one  and  two,  thle 


644 


Promotions  and  Preferments, 


[Jiine» 


danger  appeared  to  be  surmounted. 
Dreadful,  however,  has  the  destnu:tion 
been,  and  the  south-western  tower,  with 
the  uoble  nave,  now  present  a  inuM  of 
ruin  as  afllieting  to  look  upon  as  that 
which  the  toreh  of  the  incendiary  Martin 
inflicted  u|H)n  the  noble  choir.  It  may 
be  remarked  that  this  is  the  very  tower  in 
which  Jonathan  Martin  made  his  tirst  at- 
tempt to  destroy  the  Minster,  on  the  night 
of  the  2d  Feb.  1829. 

One  of  the  windows  near  the  western 
entrance  was  partially  destroyed  ;  the  great 


western  window  was  entirely  preserved ; 
and  the  others  have  sustained  but  trifling 
injury.  No  damage  has  arisen  to  the 
choir — nor  indeed  to  the  beautiful  screen 
or  valuable  organ,  which  at  one  time  were 
placed  in  much  jeopardy.  £Tery  pillar  in 
the  nave  has  been  more  or  less  injured. 
The  belfry  presents  the  appearance  of  a 
shell,  the  interior  framework  being  com- 
pletely destroyed.  The  fire  is  supposed 
to  have  originated  during  the  proceedings 
of  the  workmen  engaged  in  repairs  of  the 
clock. 


PROMOTIONS,  PRE  FERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazettk  Promotions. 

Marek  9.  Denliii^hshire  Militia,  Koh.  M. 
Biddulph,  CM],  to  lie  Lieiit.-Col.  Commandant, 
with  the  rank  uf  Colonel. 

March  24.  .SanilN)nip  2^tucloy  Palmer,  uf 
Timsbury-houH«>,  near  Hath,  pstj.  to  take  the 
name  of  >Bmbomc  after  Palmer,  and  bear  the 
arms  of  Sambome. 

April  1.  Cornwall  Militia,  Capt.  T.  J.  Phil- 
lips to  be  Lieut. -Colonel. 

April  \.  (ieonce  Napier,  esii.  Advocate,  to 
be  sheriir  Depute  of  Peebles,  vice  John  Wood, 
esq.  resifirned.  —  Herts  Militia,  Capt.  Kdw. 
Hampson  to  1>e  Major. 

Aprils.  Royal  Artillor)-,  brevet-Major  P.  W. 
Walker  to  be  Lieut. -Col.— Charles  Henry  Phil- 
lips, esq.  to  be  Surgeon  to  her  Majesty*n  House- 
hold. 

April  24.  First  or  Grenadier  Foot  Guards, 
Lieut,  and  Capt.  G.  M'Kinnon  to  be  Captain 
and  LJeut.-Colonel. 

April  25.  Lieut. -Colonel  the  Hon.  George 
Ralph  Abercromby  to  lie  Lieutenant  and  .SiierifT 
principal  of  the  shire  of  Clackmannan. 

Apnl  29.  Royal  Artillery,  C:ol.  Sir  H.  D. 
Ross,  K.C.B.  to  be  l>eputy  Adjutant-fjreneral. 
— Sherwooti  Rangers,  Sir  T.  W.  White,  Bart, 
to  be  Lieut. -Col. ;  the  Earl  of  Lincoln  to  be 
Major. 

ilav  1.  1st  Drauroon  Guards,  Gen.  the  Hon. 
Sir  \V.  Lumley,  G.C.B.  to  be  CoIonel.-€tli  Dra- 
goons, Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  J.  Straton  to  be  Colonel. 
— 8th  Lig^lit  Dragoons,  .Major-Gen.  P.  Philpot 
to  be  Colonel. —1 1  th  Lijf  ht  Dra^oon.s,  Field  Mar- 
shal his  Royal  HijU^hness  Francis  Albert  Au« 
gustus  Cliarles  Kuianuol  Duke  of  Saxe,  Prince 
of  Saxe  Cobourg  and  Gotha,  KG.  and  G.C.B. 
to  be  Colonel. 

3//iy4.  Royal  Artillery,  brevet  Lieut.-Col. 
A.  Maclachlan  to  be  Lit'ut.-Col. 

May  6.  Arthur  White,  esq.  to  be  Si'cretary 
of  Trinidad.— John  Turnbull,  es(j.  to  be  Consul 
at  Granville. 

Map  8.  13th  Lip:ht  Dragoons,  Major  A.  Wa- 
then,"  from  the  15th  Light  Dragoons,  to  be 
Major,  vice  Hake,  who  exchanges. 

May  9.  James  Ivory,  esq.  to  bo  onr  of  tlic 
Lords  of  Session  in  Scotland.— Thomas  Alait- 
land,  esq.  Advocate,  to  be  Solicitor-General 
for  Scotland. 

May  11.  John  Kwart,  of  the  Beeches,  in 
Slaugham,  Sussex,  eldest  son  of  John  Manship 
Ewart,  esq.  son  of  Simon  Goodman  Ewart,  of 
Norden-uark,  Surrey,  esq.  by  Anne,  daughter 
of  John  Manship,  ot' London,  merchant,  and  a 
Director  of  the  Ka.st  India  Company,  to  take 
the  surname  of  Man.ship  before  Ewart. 

^ay  13.    Samuel  Gale,  esq.  of  Charlton- 


King^s,  ro.  Glouc.  esi].  Barrister-at-law,  only 
son  of  John  Gale,  est],  by  Susanna,  dan.  of 
Charles  Higgs,  and  sister  of  Samuel  Higgs, 
both  of  Charlton  King's,  esqs.  deceaaedl,  to 
take  the  name  of  Higgs  before  Gale. 
May  15.    First  or  Grenadier  Goards.C^. 


^'1/ 


f-'s  Advocate  at  Sierra  Leone. 

May  20.  Capt.  Sir  Edmund  Lyons,  Knt.  Mi- 
nister  Plenipotentiary  at  Athens,  created  a 
Baronet  of  the  United  Kingdom. 

May  21 .  David  Maclaugnlin,  M.D.  to  accept 
the  insignia  of  the  Lejpon  of  Honomr,  con- 
ferred by  the  King  of  the  French  in  apnrotia- 
ti(»n  of  liis  conduct  towards  the  wounded  of 
the  French  army  after  the  battle  of  Salamanca 
in  1812. 

May  22.  Major-Gen.  Sir  Edw.  Bowater, 
G.C.II.  to  be  one  of  the  Equerries  of  H.R.H. 
Prince  Albert.  

Naval  Paomotions. 

To  be  Commander  (retired)  William  Styles.— 
C^ipt.  J.  Jones  to  the  Curafioa.— Gapt.  F.  T. 
Mitchell  to  the  Magicienne.— Capt.  R.  Maan- 
scll  to  the  Rodney. 


Members  returned  to  serve  in  ParliamenL 
Armagh.— J.  D.  Rawdon,  esq. 
Cambridge  foiTH.—Sir  A.  C.  Grant,  Bart. 
Elgin  ami  AViiVm.— C.  L.  Cummingf  Iknce,  eaq. 
Fermanagh  Co.— Sir  A.  B.  Brooke,  Bart. 
LM(//oir.— Beriah  Botfield,  esq. 

PJCCLKSIASTICAL  PREFERMENTS. 

Ven.  W.  T.  P.  Bn'mer,  to  be  Canon  of  WeDa. 
Rev.  T.  L.  Iremonjfer,  to  be  Prebendary  of 

Whenvell,  Hants. 
Rev.  C.  Atlay,  Barrowden  R.  Rutlandahire. 
Rev.  H.  de  Foe  Baker,  North  Witham  R.  Line. 
Rev.  T.  S.  Basnett,  RoUeston  V.  Notts. 
Rev.  J.  Bateman,  Huddersfield  V.  York. 
Rev.  W.  Belgrave,  Preston  R.  Rutland. 
Kev.  I).  B.  lie  van,  Brede  R.  Sussex. 
Rev.  R.  Blunt,  Beltoa  V.  Leicestershire. 
Rev.  W.  Burdett,  North  Alolton  V.  Devon. 
Rev.  T.  Cane,  Halloughton  P.C.  Leic. 
Rev.  J.  Cottle,  Taunton  St.  Mary  Magdalen  V. 

Somerset. 
Rev.  J.  C^x,  Runcorn  Ch.  Cheshire. 
Rev.  S.  Creswell,  Radford  V.  Notts. 
Rev.  J.  Downes,  Stonnall  P.C.  Stalfordshire. 
Rev.  W.  Edgecombe,  ITiombury  R.  Devon. 
Rev.  P.  Von  Essen,  Harriurton  R.  Camb. 
Kev.  A.  T.  Gillmor,  (^Ory  V.  SUgo, 


1840.] 


Births  and  Marriages, 


645 


Rrv.  ().  Hollinjfwortli,  Stalisfield  V.  Kent. 

Rev.  T.  Hoopor,  KIk.ston  R.  Glour. 

Rev.  li.  P.  Junes,  Ilazleton  cum  Yanworth  R. 

(iloiK'. 

R<'V.  J.  Lan^eld,  Holme  Whallcy,  St.  John's 

PC.  Lane. 
Rev.  W.  P.  Mellersh,  Salperton  P.C.  GIouc. 
Rt'v.   R.  Milner,  Craven    St.  Michael-le-Gile 

P.C.  York. 
Ri'v.  J.  Mitton,  Osmotherley  V.  York. 
Rev.  F.  L.  Moysey,  Combe  St.  Nicholas  V.  8om. 
R**v,  T.  S.  Norj^ale,  Si>arham  R.  Norf. 
R<'\ .  S.  L.  Ohlacres,  Woodborough  P.C.  Notts. 
Rev.  C.  R.  Rojwr,  St.  Olavc  R.  Exeter. 
Rev.  —  Ro|H»r,  Mona^han  R.  Ireland. 
Rev.  W.  St.  G.  Sargent,  Hinckley  New  Church, 

lA'ir. 
Rev.  F.  Shei»hord,  St.  E<Iward'H  P.C.  Camb. 
lU'v.  R.  Simpson,  Ba.sfurd  V.  Notts. 
Rev.  C.  K.  Smitli,  St.  Mary,  Brediii  V.  Canter- 

Imry. 
lUn.  T.  W.  Smythc,  Woolfardisworthy  P.C. 

Devon. 
Rrv.  W.  J.  Travis,  Lidgate  R.  Suffolk. 
R*\.  J.Twrlls,  Katon  V.  Notts. 
R.'\.  ('.   J.    Wade,   Upi^r  Gravenhurst  P.C. 

Ii«Mltonlshire. 
R«v.  J.  R.  Whyte,  Kimrsnympton  R.  Devon. 
Rrv.  —  \Voo(lio<"k,    St.    Ijiwrence  R.   Win- 

ehi'Nter. 
Rev.  R.  Wylde,  Morton  P  C.  Notts. 


C II A  PLAINS. 

Yen.  S.  Wilbcrforee,  to  be  Hampton  I>erturer. 

Rev.  ('.  Alexander,  to  the  VmtI  of  Caledon. 

R»v.  T.  M.  Hrowne,  to  tlie  Bishop  of  Glouces- 
ter and  Hristol. 

Rev.  R.  Croly,  to  Partis'  CoUejce,  Bath. 

Rev.  J.  N.  Harwaril,  to  the  Bishop  of  Roches- 
trr. 

Rfv.  K.  L.ibatt,  to  the  Karl  of  Knniskillcu. 

Rrv.  II.  J.  Stevenson,  to  the  Bishop  of  Sodor 
and  .Man. 

(liviL  Pkkflrmk.vts. 

Rm  hard  .Moore,  e^r|.  Q.  C.  to  Im*  serjeant-at- 
law  III  Irelan<l,  in  the  nNim  of  Mr.  Curry, 
now  Master  in  ('han«"orv. 

Mr.  (Jr.iy  lo  be  Avsistant  ke«'p«'r  of  the  Natu* 
I  il  lli«>tor>  eollniionHnt  the  British  Museum, 
'  n  >'  (liildmi. 

Mr.  Cliilti'inlen.  to  Im"  Head  .Master  of  the  Kxe- 
fir  hnHT'^111  lii>nrd  of  F.dueation  .S-h(H)|. 

Rr\.  F.  <*o\,  to  111'  Hi'Ail  Master  of  the  Ayles- 
lMir\  (irantmar  .S-Iuh>I. 


lUKTIIS. 

.(/»;-// n.     At  Til'-    Ray,   near   .Maidenhead, 

Uiil>  IMiillimore,  a  ptisthunmu'*  dau. II.  \t 

Vi'\a\  I'll  Sni-'M*,  til*'  « iff  of  John  Pate  Ne\ille, 
<<M|.  ot'  Skelbrooki-  Park,  Doiienster,  a  Hon 
and  iM-ir.         \C*.  \\  Clie-^ham  Plare,  the  wifi> 

itt  NNilliaiii  Ru'^M'll,  rsii    A  .s«ni. IH.  \\  ital- 

u;»i\M',  \\\v  Hon.  Mrs.  Freil.  S.  \Ve<hlerburn,  a 
son.  -IJ>.  '\'\\v  wife  of  .\ithiir  ('.  Phipps,  es<|. 
a  dan.  -'H).  \\  Staplcton  Paik,  the  \\ire  of 
J.  W.  ILirton,  es.|.  a  itan.  — 21.  At  Dublin, 
thf  wife  iif  Li*>nt. -(%>!.  H.  II.  Fanpiharson,  a 
•xiri.  'I'l.  \\  .■ihabden  Park,  .Surrey,  the  lady 
i>t  ."^ir  r.  B.  Hepburn,  liart.  M.P.  a  dan.  —23. 
At  Bindon  Hoiise,  S»»ni.  .Mrs.  Krni'st  IVrceval, 
a  -on.-    — .\t  (Jn»^%enor-plaee,  the  wife  of  John 

Di-nniHtoun.  *'Hi|.  .M.P.  a  dan. 24.  The  wife 

iif  Henry  .Sli»st>n,  eiMi.  a  son.  'I'he  wifi» 
of  K.  B.  Hartopp,  i^|.  of  Dalby  Hall.  I^'ie.  a 
d.i  I.  -25-  In  OroHvenor-plaee,  I^il>  Lilford. 
n  -on.  —26.  In  (in»s\«*nor-plare,  the  wife  of 
ChfirleH  i  )rby  Wombwrll,  es«|.  a  da«i.-  -  27-  \i 
ivtMiirtli.  the  nifi»  of  .\rthur  Daintry,  •••"|.  a 
."••n  and  heir. 'Pi,  M  *Vshley  P*rki  Surrey, 


Lady  Fletcher,  a  dau. 30.  At  Westhorpe 

House,  Marlow,  the  wife  of  Rice  R.  Clayton, 

es<i.  a  son. In  Notting^ham-place,  the  Vis* 

countess  Hoo<l,  a  dau. 

Lately.    At  Hazlewood,  co.  Sli;ro,  Lady  Anne 

Wynne,  of  twin  sons. At  Baliyrawley,  Irc^ 

land,  the  lady  of  Sir  H.  Stewart,  Bart,  a  soi^ 

In  Connaught-terrace,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  E.C» 

Curzon,  a  dau. In  Edinburfi^h,  the  lady  of 

Sir  N.  M.  Lockhart,  Bart,  a  dau. ^At  Anker- 

wycke  House,  Bucks,  Mrs.  Harcourt,a  dau. 

May  2.    In  Upper  Seymour-st.  the  wife  of 

John  Barneby,  esq.  M.P.  a  son  and  heir. 

At  Worcester,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Frank  Hew- 
son,   B.A.  and  dau.  of  John  Hardy,  esq.  of 

Portland-pl.  a  dau. 7.  The  wife  of  Arch- 

deacon  HoUing^orth.a  dau. At  Upper  Clap* 

ton,  the  la»iy  of  the  Rev.  Sir  W.  Dunbar,  liart. 
a  dau. H.  Lady  Robert  Grosvenor,  a  daa. 


MARRIAGES. 

Fth.  13.  At  Ban«:alore,  Donald  Macfarlane, 
esq.  M.D.,  assistant-surgeon  Madras  Art.  to 
Christina-Isabella,  .second  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
D.  William.son,  minister  of  Newburffh,  Fife. 

March  14.  At  Wiston,  Upper  CanacUi,  the 
Rev.  C.  Dade,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Caius  coll. 
Camb.  to  Helen,  second  dau.  of  the  Rcv.Thos. 
Phillips,  D.D.  late  Vice- Principal  of  Upper 
Canada  college. 

April ».  At  St.  Mary's,  Bryanston^sq.  G.  H. 
Bell,  esq.  F.R.C.S.  Edinb.,  to  Caroline- Jane, 
youngest  dau.  of  J.  Underwood,  esq.  of  Gkra- 

cester-place. At  Harrow,  the  Rev.  William 

Oxenharo,  jun.  to  Rachel-Charlotte,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  J.  Gray,  esq.  or  Wembley 

Park. At  Eastbourne,  Richard  Chamberi, 

esq.  M.D.,  of  Upton-on-Sevem,  to  Cecilia, 
sixth  and  youngest  dan.  of  the  late  Alex.  Bro- 
die^  D.D.— -— Coas.  Ellis,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Edw. 
Ellis,  esq.  of  Harley-st.  toGatharine,  only  dau. 
of  J.  E.  Conant,  esq.  of  Upper  Wimpole-st.— — > 
At  Leghorn,  the  Rev.  J.  W.  \a  Touche,  Rector 
of  Montrath,  Queen's  Co.  to  Elisabeth,  eldest 
dau.  of  Alex.  Bowker,  esq.  of  King's  Lynn, 

Norf. -At  Eastingtou,  Glouc.  theUlev.  Henry 

Hamilton,  of  Tboina.stown,  co.  kildare,  to 
Frances- Margaret;  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Ralph 
Peters,  of  Plat  Bridge  Hall,  Lane.  esq. 

10.  The  Right  Hon.  Henry  Labouchere, 
M.  P.  to  Frances,  youngest  dau.  of  Sir  T. 
Baring,  Bart. 

11.  At  Greenwich,  Fred.  George  Hammond, 
eaq.  of  Blackheath,  to  S<tphia  Catty,  of  Stock* 
bury  Park,  near  .Sittingboume,  widow  of  Capt . 

Catt\,  R.  Kng. At  .•^t.   Paiicras,  W.  T.  8. 

Daniel,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  barrister-at-Law,  to 
Sarah,  only  dau.  of  the  Utc  Rev.  A.  W.lYt>l- 
lope,  D.D.  Head  Master  of  Clirist's  Hospital. 
— -At  Watnall,  Edward  Heneage,  esq.  M.P. 
to  (;iiarlotte-Frances-Aiin,  youngest  dau.  of 
L.  Rolleston,  esq.  M.P. 

14.  At  St.  (ieorge'.s,  Hanover-sq.  Henry, 
youngest  .non  of  the  late  (Seorge  Grant,  e.nq.  of 
Shenley  Hill,  Herts,  to  .\nne,  .second  dau.  of 
Roliert  (!halmers,  esq.  of  F.bury-ktreet. 

18.  At  St.  John's,  \Vest minster, Robert  Mar- 
riott, esq.  to  Anna-Kleanor,  youngest  dau.  of 

the  late  Capt.  Daniel  Ross,  H.N. .\t  .«<t(»ke 

Newington,  Roln-rt  William  I..<'wi«,  eM].  of 
Breiitw(N>i|,  to  .Mary-Catharine,  only  dnu.  of 
th  •  late  W.  Cressy,  rsq.  of  .<ti»rk,  Essex. 

2*).  At  Tor,  De\on,  the  Rev.  W.  W.  Wing- 
fiehl,of  Gulvai.  Cornwall,  to  Eiixalieth-Francffl- 
Anne,  dau.  of  the  late  W.   I'ortesrue,  e.<«q.  of 

Writtle  l/xlge,   Fjtsex. .\t  Stratlifleldsaye, 

Kdwartl  Lloyd  Edwards,  esii.  only  son  of  Jonn 
Edwards,  cs*|.  of  Dolserey,  Merioneth.Hhire,  to 
Georifiana,  eldest  dan.  of  (J.  E.  Beamhamp, 

^\*\.  of  the  Priory,  near  Reading. .\t  \Val« 

(ot,  Bath,  .^lajor-deii.  Sir  W.  I>avy,  C.B.  au'l 
K.r.H.,  of  Tiacy  Paik,(ilou('.  ti>.^>pliia,  eldest 
dau.  of  R.  F.  \\ilMm,  cs*!.  of  Melton,  Yorksli, 


646 


Marriagei. 


Jmic, 


ai.  At  St.  MAry's,  Bry»nston-Hq.  Skefflnfr- 
ton  IlrUtuw,  MUJ.  Lieut.  2Ath  rn^t.  to  Juliana, 
oldeNt  dau.  uf  the  late  Lt.-Uen.  H.  K.  Knifht. 

At  the  Manic  church,  lienrv,  the  elileit  aon 

of  Oeonrc  Shuni  ritnn-y,  cflq.oi  I  lam-common, 
8nrn>y,an(l  Arcnt,  Nurthumberland,  to  Eioma, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  K.  C.  Cooper,  cm|.  of 

llrifrhton,  SuHxex. At  AVardinf^ton,  Oxon, 

the  Ker.  Georfra  Wini^eld,  Rector  of  Glattoo, 
Hantt,  and  younKcnt  Ron  of  J.  Winfcflekl,  esq. 
of  Pickencotc,  Kutbind,  to  Houhia-KUzabeth, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  U.  Wasey,  Rector  of 

Ulcombe,  Kent. At  rit.  Ueorfce's,  HanoTer- 

aq.  the  Rcr.  W.  Marnta,  D.l).  Hector  of 
Ht.    'riiomaH'ii,    Diriiiini^ham,    to   the    Lady 

Ixraisa  Cadnin^n. ^Die  Her.  John  T.  White, 

A.M.,  to  Anna-Gri\es,  youiifrvflt  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  W.  Harrison,  D.l).  Chaplain  of  St. 

8aTiour*B,  Southwark. At  Uackthorn,   the 

Rev.  diarleH  .M.  U.  JarviN,  s(t*ond  son  of  G. 
R.  P.  Jarvis,  exq.  of  iHMidinjnon  ll&ll,  Line, 
to  Auicuiita,  second  dau.  of  Robt.  Cracroft,  e^q. 

of  Hacktborn  and  Harrintrton. At  Llaniren- 

nerh,  (!annarthcnnhire,  John  (iwyn  JetTreyn, 
«if  SwanHca.  enq.  to  Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  K.  J. 
Nrvill,  of  LlanipiMinech  IHirk,  ewi. At  War- 
den, North uuiherland,  the  Rev.  W.  RiceMark- 
hsni,  Virar  of  Morelnud,  Westmoreland,  to 
Jane,   youngest    nurvivinir   dau.  of  the   late 

Nathaniel  Clayton,    esMj.    of  Chewters. At 

Ryton,    Durlinui,    Drwickr    Dlackburn,   esq. 

Jrounfi^est  son  of  I*.  Ulackburn,  esq.  of  CIai>- 
lam-common,    to    iHabella-Afi^nefl.   ^oun^cflt 

dau.  of   H.  I^mb,  esq. At  Trinity,  near 

Rdinburfch,  Henry,  tliinl  son  of  (ieorsre  Dun- 
bar, esq.  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  Univ.  of 
Kdinburfch,  to  Anna-Jeanctta,  dau.  uf  the  late 
John  Murray,  esq.  W.S.,  A^nt  for  the  Clinrch 

of  Scotbind. At  Iticklinfr,  Norfolk,  the  Hon. 

and  Rev.  Alfretl  Wodehouse,  von  nicest  won  of 
liord  Wo<lchou.se.  to  Kmnia-Ilamilton,  second 
dau.  of  Rei^inahl  Macdonald,  Chief  of  Clan- 
roiiald. At  Horkciley.  Essex,  the  Rev.  Ar- 
thur Capel  J.  Wallace,  M.A.  late  Vicar  of  Coe- 
geshall,  and  now  Curate  of  Hadlei{?h,  In  Suf- 
folk, to  Miss  KIwes,  dau.  of  the  late  Gen. 
Elwes,  of  Stoke  l)y  Clare. 

33.  At  St.  Pancras,  Arthur  Burrows,  of 
lincoln'a-inn,  younf^est  son  of  Dr.  Burrows,  of 
Upper  Gower-st.  to  Prances-Diana,  young;e8t 
dau.  of  the  late  Major  Bromley,  Bombay  army. 

At  All  Souls,  Lanffliam-place,   Edm.    L. 

Wells,  esq.  of  the  Middle  Temple,  second  son 
of  the  late  Dymoke  Wells,  esq.  of  Grebby 
Hall.  Line,  to  Mary-Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  John 
Gallins,  esq. ;  late  of  Stapleton  Castle,  Heref. 

^At  Edinbuixlii  Licut.-Col.  M*Phcr.son,  late 

of  89th  rei^.  to  >irs.  Mary  M'Culloch  M'Bar- 
net,  widow  of  Alex.  M'Bamet,  esq.  of  Atta- 

dale. At    Helensburijrh,    Dumbartonshire. 

Alan  Colquhoun  Duulopj  esq.  to  Anne,  third 
surviving  dau.  of  the  late  James  Hay.  esq.  and 

the  Lady  Mary  Hay. At  Dawlish,   R.  A. 

Buckling,  esq.  of  Caius  coll.  eldest  son  of  the 
Rev.  A.  I.  Suckling,  of  Barsham,  Suffolk,  to 
Anna-Maria,  dau.  of  John  Yellowly,  esq.  M.D. 
At  Barham,  in  Suffolk,  the  Rev.  John  Free- 
man, M.A.  to  Lucy-Cliarlotte^  only  Hurviving 
dau.  of  the  late  Robinson  Kittoe,  esq.  R.N. 

At  Great  Waltham,  Essex,  the  Rev.  Richard 

Roundel]  Toke,  M.A.  Rector  of  Hani.ston,  to 
Catharine,  eldest  dau.  of  J.  J.  Tuff^nell,  esq.  of 
Lnngleys. 

23.  At  St.  Pancras  New  Church,  Robert  N. 
Bancroft,  es([.  of  Manchester,  to  Septima- 
Elizabetli,  dan.  of  the  late  Dr.  Thornton,  the 

botanist. At  St.  Olave's,  Hart-street,  John 

Hutchinson,  os<|.  of  Sheriff-hill.  Durham,  to 
Ann-Sarali,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Henry 

Buckle,  fsq.  of  Mecklenbnrgh  Square. At 

Chelmsford,  Henry  William  Field,  esq.  of 
Blackheath,  son  of  John  Field,  of  her  Mt^jesty's 
Mint,  esq.  to  Aiyie,  dau.  of  the  late  Ikv.  T. 


Mill!,  Yicur  of  HeUoni   Bmnpitetd^ ^At 

Frodsham,  Cheshire,  H.  B.  Flawcett,  of  the 
Inner  Temple,  esq.  to  Sarah-Barlow,  aeoond 

dau.  of  the  Rev.  John  Collina. M  Sooth 

Stoneham,  Hants,  Captain  Dtubener,  f9th 
regt.  eldest  son  of  Col.  Daubeney,  ILH.  of 
lUth,  to  Amelia,  only  child  of  the  Ute  SL  D. 

Liptrap,   esq.  of   Southampton. ^At  St. 

Georire's,  Bloomsbury,  H.  Orainnr*  6tq.  of 
F.ast-bill.  Wandswortn-commonf  to  CutHine, 
dau.  of  the  late  W.  Flower,  esq.  of  Upper  Bed- 
ford-pi.  At  St.  John's,  Faddlnn^ron,  Wm. 

Rawes,  esq.  M.D.  to  Henrietta,  widow  of  the 

late  R.  A.  Cottle,  esq. ^At  TrinitT  Chiuth, 

Mar>'Iebone,  Edwin  Oower,  esq.to  Janc^Blea^ 
nor,  dau.  of  Dr.  H.  Younf,  of  Devonahin- 
nlare. At  Ivy  Bridge,  Devon,  G.  T.  Short- 
land,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  to  Harriett,  eeooad 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Jamea  CoUina,  LUD. 

Rector  of  Thorpe  Abbots,  Norfolk. ^At  BiUa- 

bury,  the  Rev.  W.  C.  Radcliffe,  Rector  of  Vont- 
hill  Gifford,  to  Mary-Anne,  yonnmt  dMk  of 
the  late  John  Dowling,  esq. ^AtRipoiif  To- 
rn yns  Scott  Dickins,  eaq.  barriater-at>Uw,  to 
Eliza,  eldest  surviving  dau.  oi  W.  Morton, 

esij. ^At  Guernsey,  Henry  St.-Geo.  MmiU, 

esq.  late  of  the  4th  dragoons,  to  Uturriat,  otdy 
dau.  of  the  Very    Rev.  N.  Cirey,  Dam  of 

Guernsey' ^At  Greenwich,  the  K&w.  Hip- 

pesley  Maclean,  of  Coventry,   to  Gb^otte, 

dau.  of  Richard  Smith,  esq. ^At  Leminf- 

ton,  William  Charles  Evans  Freke,  esq.  nephew 
of  Lord  Carbery,  to  Lady  Sophia,  widow  of 
Sir  T.  whichcote,  Bart,  and  sister  of  the  Earl 

of  Harborough. At   Florence,  IheqpUhu 

Clive,  esq.  to  Frances-Caroline,  second  ma.  of 
Lieut.-Gen.  Lord  Edward  Somerset,  O.C.B. 

25.  At  Kenw>'n,  William  Crooke,  ma.  R.N. 
C()inmander^  of^  ^®''_^^^!7'f,P^*^^  ftftwlg 

M. 

toAnne, 

second  dau.  of  the  lato  George  Fllnf,  eiq.— ^ 
At  Greenwich,  Thomas  cSUawmy,  eeq.  of 
Southwark,  to  Mary  Ann,  second  dan.  of  the 

late  J.  Carttar,  esq. ^At  St.  George's,  Han.- 

8(1.  John  Thomas,  esq.  of  Mjuniaen-hoaee, 
Essex,  to  Mary-Ann,  ddeat  dan.  of  J.  H*  Ilos- 
ter,  esq.  late  of  Norwich. 

26.  At  St.  George's,  Han.-aq.  J.  W.  Duu- 
comb,  esq.  son  of  the  Hon.  J.  Danacontb^  of 
St.  John's,  Newfoundland,  to  Caroline  B., 
youngest  dau.  of  Mi^or-Gen.  Dnmftiidt  ^  the 
Royal  Engineers. 

28.  At  St.  George's,  Han«-8q.  Folke  Ore- 
villc,  esq.  to  Lady  Rosa  Nugent,  dan.  of  the 

Maniuis  of  Westmeath. ^Tbe  llev.  Thomaa 

Hayes,  of  Heckfield,  Hants,  to  LoniurHf^ie, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  ReT.  J.  Hitchings,  Vicar  of 

Wargrave,  Berks. ^At  Salisbury,  Bernard 

Senior,  esq.  of  Compton  Fauncefoot,  Som.  to 
Jane,  youngest  dau.  of  W.  B.  Blackmoore,  esq. 

At  Kensington,  Wm.  J.  H.  Money,  eiq. 

Bengal  civil  service,  eldest  son  of  wlgtam 
Money,  esq.  to  Elizabeth-Ma^|;aret-DonKlai^ 
only  dau.  of  Wm.  Moflkt,  esq.  of  Hiraertoti, 

Roxburghshire. The  Rer.  C.  M.  Tnmer» 

Rector  of  Studland,  Dorset,  to  Henrietta,  dan. 
of  the  late  Robert  Lang.  esq.  of  Moor-nailc. 

Surrey. At  Walcot,  Bath.  Geom.  eldest 

son  of  W.  G.  Harrison,  esq.  of  Umier  Bedlbrd- 

£1.  to  Seymour- Louisa,  yoimgeat  dan.  of  C. 
[ammond,  esq. 

30.  At  St.  George's,  Bloomabory,  WDttim 
Brown,  esq.  of  Clapham  Common  (only  iob  of 
Mr.  Alderman  Brown),  to  Mary  neahUflU, 
youngest  dan.  of  Mr.  F.  B.  King,  late  cf  Stoke 

Newington. At  Beaminster,  Jolm  DiOotti 

esq.  3^  regt.  to  Fanny,only  dan.  of  T.  Fin,  eaq. 

At  Camberwell,  Charles  Arthur,  ddeet  eOn 

of  Charles  Dodd,  esq.  to  Agnes,  third  dan.  of 
the  late  Wm.  Christie,  esq.  of  Suiibiii|li« 


647 


OBITUARY. 


Thi  Earl  of  Staib. 

yfarch  20.  At  his  hotel  in  the  Rue 
de  Clicby,  Paris,  aged  55,  the  Right 
Hon.  John  William  Henry  Dalrymple, 
seventh  Earl  of  Stair,  Viscount  Dalrym- 
ple, Lord  Newliston,  Glenluce,  and 
Stranraer  (1703),  eighth  Viscount  of 
Stair,  Lord  Glenluce  and  Stranraer 
(1690),  and  a  Baronet  of  Nova  Scotia 
(IGfri). 

This  nobleman  was  born  on  the  I6th 
Nov.  1784,  the  only  child  of  William 
Dalrymple,  esq.  brother  of  the  5tb  Earl,  by 
Marianne-Dorotbv  .second  daughter  of  Sir 
Robert  Harland,  bart.  He  had  a  Cornet's 
commission  in  the  5th  Dragoon  Guards  in 
IbOl^  but  we  are  not  aware  to  what 
rank  he  rose  in  the  army.  He  succeeded 
to  the  peerage  on  the  1st  June,  1821 ,  on 
the  death  of  his  cousin -german,  John  the 
sixth  Earl. 

His  Lordship  married,  May  88,  180i, 
Johanna,  eldest  daughter  of  Charles 
Gordon,  esq.  of  Clunie,  by  whom  he  had 
no  issue,  and  the  marriage  was  annulled 
in  June  1820.  For  the  last  eleven  years 
his  lordship  had  been  confined  to  his  bed, 
speechless  and  almost  unconscious. 

The  peerage  has  now  devolved  on  Lieut.- 
(ienorai  Sir  John  Hamilton  Dalrymple, 
of  Cousland  and  Fala,  Bart.  Colonel 
of  the  92d  Foot,  he  being  the  great, 
grandson  of  the  Hon.  Sir  James  Dal. 
ryinple,  of  Borthwick,  second  son  of  the 
tirnt  Vificouni.  His  Lordship  has  been 
twicx'  married,  his  present  Countess  being 
a  itister  of  the  Eairl  of  Camperdown;  but 
he  has  no  i^sue.  The  neit  heir  ure- 
suniptive  is  his  only  surviving  brother, 
North  Dulrymple,  ot  CleUnd  and  Fordel, 
evq.  who  has  two  sons. 

Sir  C.  W.  Burdett,  Babt. 

D«c. .  At  Columbo,  in  Ceylon,  in  his 
69th  year.  Sir  Charles  Wyndham  Burdett, 
the  tifth  bdronet,  of  Acomb,  ro.  York 
(l(i(ij) ;  formerly  a  Lieut.- Colonel  in  the 
army,  and  C.  B. 

He  was  born  the  l9tb  July,  1771,  the 
eldest  son  of  Sir  Charles  the  fourth  Ba- 
ronet, by  Sarah,  daughter  of  Joseph 
llttlsey,  esq.  of  Boston  in  New  England. 
HIn  baptismal  names  were  derived  from 
his  great-grandfather,  Charles  Wyndham, 
ttq.  of  Stokesbv,  Norfolk,  whose  daughter 
and  heiress  Elisabeth  was  the  wife  of  Sir 
Francis  Burdett  the  second  Baronet,  of 
Acomb.  He  succeeded  to  the  title  on 
the  death  of  his  father,  the  19th  July 
1803. 


He  was  appointed  Ensign  in  the  6th 
Foot  1790,  Lieutenant  1794,  Captain 
in  the  13th  Foot  Feb.  1795;  in  the  37tb, 
Oct.  following;  in  the  30th  1803;  bre- 
vet  Major  1808;  Major  5th  Foot  1810; 
brevet  and  Lieut..Colonel  1814.  After 
serving  in  Nova  Scotia,  New  Bruns- 
wick, Barbadoes,  and  St.  Vincent's,  he 
embarked  in  1794  with  the  expedition 
under  Sir  C.  Grey,  and  was  present  at  the 
captureof  Martinique  and  St.  Lucia.  He 
served  in  Gibraltar  from  1796  to  1797 1 
and  from  Aug.  1798  to  March  1800; 
when  he  again  embarked  for  the  West 
Indies,  and  served  at  St.  Vincent's.  Of 
his  subsequent  career  we  are  not  informed. 

Sir  Charles  Burdett  was  unmarried; 
and  the  title  has  devolved  on  his  nepbewi 
now  Sir  Charles  Wentworth  Burdett,  son 
of  the  late  Capt.  Jerome  Burdett 

Sir  F.  G.  Coopie,  Bart. 

Jan-  23.  At  Barton  Grange,  SomerseU 
shire,  aged  71,  Sir  Frederick  Grey  Cooper, 
the  sixth  Baronet,  of  Gogar,  N.  B.  (1638). 

He  was  the  younger  son  of  the  Rigot 
Hon.  Sir  Grey  Cooper,  a  Lord  of  the 
Treasury,  (whose  first  wife  was  an  aunt 
of  Earl  Grey,)  by  his  second  wife,  Miss 
Kennedy,  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

He  succeeded  to  the  Baronetcy  on  the 
14th  Jan.  1836,  on  the  death  of  his  ne- 
phew Sir  William  Henry  Cooper,  Bart. 
(see  our  vol.  V.  p.  314). 

He  married  in  1805Charlotte-Dorotbet, 
eldest  daughter  of  Sir  John  Honywood,  the 
fourth  Baronet,  of  Evingtoii,  ICent,  by  the 
Hon.  Frances  Courtenay,  daughter  of 
William  second  Viscount  Courtenay  ;  she 
died  in  July  1811.  He  is  succeeded  In 
the  title  by  his  son,  now  Sir  Frederick 
Cooper. 


Gen.  the  Hon.  Lincoln  STANHon. 

Fib.  20.  At  Harrington  house,  Privy 
Gardens,  aged  58,  the  Hon.  Lino^ 
Edwin  Robert  Stanhope,  a  Major-Ge* 
neral  in  the  army,  and  C.B. ;  brother  to 
the  Earl  of  Harrington,  the  Duchesses  of 
Bedford  and  Leinster,  &c. 

Colonel  Lincoln  Stanhope  was  bom  on 
the  26th  Nov.  1781,  the  second  son  of 
Charles  the  late  and  third  Earl  of  Har- 
rington, by  Jane- Seymour,  daughter  and 
coheiress  of  Sir  John  I'lening,  Bart.  He 
entered  the  armjr  on  the  S?6tb  of  April, 
1708,  as  Comet  in  the  lOtb  Light  I>m. 

?oons  ;  was  appointed  Lieutenant  on  the 
th  Feb.  1800 ;  Ceptain,  the  25th  Oct 


G-lf) 


OniTiARY, — Licut.'Crn.  Sir  W.  Thornton,  K.C.B.         [June, 


It-O^;  Miijor.  the  1 1th  Jiino  I  HOT  ;  Kiriit.- 
roloiK'l  in  thi*  I7ih  Li^'ht  Dragoons,  the 
^nd  Jhii.  iHl'^:  rctirt'd  to  huU-imy,  iiiiiit- 
tachrd,  on  the  iHth  Oct.  lH:JG ;  promoted 
to  Coloiu'l,  by  brevet,  the  *4^2nd  July 
1830;  Hnd  ^lajor-fteniTal,  the  28th  June 
IKiH.  lie  served  in  the  iN'riinsuhir  war, 
and  was  proseiit,  comuiundin^r  hb  Major 
Kith  IJght  Dragoons,  at  the  l>attie  of 
Talavera,  fur  whieh  he  reeeived  a  medal. 
He  \vu8  subiiequi  ntly  in  India,  and  there 
served  as  A  id -de- cam ]>  to  the  Marquess 
of  Ilafitings. 

His  retirement  from  the  active  duties 
of  his  profeshion  in  l^Jti  threw  him  into 
all  the  gay  frivolities  of  a  London  life; 
and  aK,  from  that  period,  his  singularly 
noble  figure  might  have  been  almost  daily 
seen  in  the  different  places  of  fashionable 
resort,  the  many,  who  knew  no  better, 
might  natunilly  enough  confound  his 
character  with  those  pursuits.  Few, 
perhaps,  knew  that  in  the  aristocratic- 
looking  lounger,  Lincoln  Stanhope,  they 
beheld  a  soldier  of  AVellington,  and  one 
who  had  purchased  repose  for  the  latter 
years  of  his  life  in  the  enjoyment  of  those 
amusements,  at  the  price  of  his  blood,  and 
of  nearly  'X)  years  of  active  and  brilliant 
service,  at  a  time  when  his  country  most 
needed  them — that  in  pacing  along  on  his 
well-known  gallant  grey,  or  driving  his 
four-in-hand,  they  beheld  the  leader  of 
one  of  our  most  distinguished  regiments 
of  dragoons  on  the  bloody  field  of  Tala- 
vera — that  he  also  was  the  man  who  com- 
manded the  17  th  Light  Diagoons  for 
many  years  on  the  burning  sands  of  India, 
where  he  made  himself  respected  alike  by 
friends  and  foes,  became  the  father  of  the 
Bombay  Native  Cavalry,  and  the  adored 
of  all  who  served  under  him.  Nor  could  it 
be  generally  known  that  he  was  no  less  dis- 
tinguished for  bis  private  worth  than  for 
bis  merits  as  a  soldier :  for  few  have 
passed  through  such  a  long  career  of 
fashionable  life  with  a  mind  so  little 
tainted  with  the  vices  of  his  order  as  did 
Lincoln  Stanhope,  or  whose  conduct  has 
been  so  blameless.  His  naturally  sound 
and  vigorous  constitution  and  abstemious 
habits  gave  him  as  likely  a  chance  of  living 
twenty  years  longer  as  any  man  ;  but  it  was 
otherwise  ordained,  and  he  is  now  num- 
bered with  his  fathers. 

JVIajor- General  Lincoln  Stanhope  was 
unmarried.  His  body  was  taken  for  inter- 
ment to  the  family  vault  at  Elvaston, 
Derbyshire. 

Lie.ut.-Gen.  SirAV.  Thornton,  K.C.B. 

April  G.     At   Stanhope   Lodge,   near 

Han  well,    Lieut. -General    Sir    William 

Thornton,  K.C.B.  Colonel  of  the  85th 

Foot. 

11 


This  officer  received  his  connnisaioii  as 
Ensign  in  the  89th  Foot  the  Slat  March 
1790.      He  was  employed  on  regimental 
duty  in   Ireland  during  the  time  of  his 
having  this  rank.     In  April,  1707,  be  ob- 
tained  u  Lieutenancy  in  the  46th  Foot ; 
and  the  25th  of  June  1803,  a  Company 
in  the  same  corps.     He  was  appointed  to 
the  Staff  early  in  1803,  as  Aid-de-Camp 
to    Lieut  .-General,    Sir    James    Heniy 
Craig,     Inspector-general    of    InliBiitry, 
afterwards  in  command  of  the  JSastern 
District  in  England.     In  1805,  continu- 
ing to  hold  the  same  appointment,  he 
accompanied  that  General  to  the  king- 
dom of  Naples  with  a  British  force  In 
co-operation    with  a   body  of    Rustian 
troops,  having  the  final  view  of  forming 
a  junction  with  the  Austrian  wnaj,  at 
that   time  serving  under  the  Archduke 
Charles  of  Austria,  in  Italy.     The  mi]i. 
tary  occurrences  which  then  took  plam 
having  rendered  this  object  ineffectua], 
Capt.  Thornton  retunied  to  England  in 
1806  with  the  General,  after  visiangtbe 
Islands  in   the   Mediterranean.      When 
the  state  of  Sir  James  Craig's  health 
occasioned  his  declining  to  continue  on 
the  staff,  this  officer  was  appointed  Aid- 
de-Camp  to  Lieut.- Gen.  ffarl  Iiudlow, 
commanding    the    Kent    district;    and 
served  in  that  capacity  to  the  period  of 
his  promotion  to  a  Majority  in  tne  Royal 
York  Rangers,  viz.  in  Nov.  1806.    He 
served  in  this  rank  in  Guernsey,  in  com- 
mand of  his  regiment  i  and  in  Aug.  1807, 
being  appointed  Military  Secretaijand 
first  Aid-de-Camp  to   Gen.  Sir  James 
Henry   Craig,    Governor  in  Chief  and 
Captain- Gen.  in  Canada  and  its  depen- 
dencies, he  embarked  and  proceeded  to 
that  country.     The  28th  of  Jan.  1806^  he 
was  appointed  Lieut. -Colonel  and  In- 
specting l-leld  Officer  of  the  Militia  in 
Canada,  and  he  served  in  that  capacity 
and  in  those  above  mentioned  to  the 
period  of  Sir  James  Craig's  return  to 
England  in  1811. 

Ill  Aug.  1811  he  was  appointed  Lieut.. 
Colonel  of  the  34th  regiment,  and  in  1818 
removed  to  the  Duke  of  York's  Greekliglit 
infantry,  being  then  nominated  Assistant 
Military  Secretary  to  U.R.H.  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief. He  continued  in  this 
office  to  Jan.  1813,  when  he  waa  nomi- 
nated to  the  command  of  the  85th  Light 
Infantry,  upon  the  adoption  of  the  meamre 
which  was  at  the  time  found  expedient^  of 
changing  the  entire  corps  of  officeraof  that 
regiment ;  and,  in  Julysucccodtift  Ke  em- 
barked and  proceeded  to  the  PeninsokJ 
On  the  latter  service  he  was  present  at  the 
successful  assault  on  the  town  of  St. 
Sebastian  in  Spain  (where,  howmir»  the 
85th  regiment  was   solely  empk^  in' 


1840.]      Obituary Limf.-Gen.  Sir  U\  Thornton,  K.CB. 


619 


thirateninp  an  nttark  on  the  north  side  of 
thi'  castle,)  in  tlie  pnssnge  of  the  rivers 
Hidassoa,  Nivelle,  Nive,  and  Adour, 
commanding  the  85th  Light  Infantry  on 
these  occasion.s  and  in  all  the  attacks 
<'onsequent  thereon,  in  which  the  left 
column  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington's 
army  was  employed,  including  the  invest- 
ment of  Bayonne.  He  bad  the  honour  to 
receive  a  medal  for  the  battle  of  the  Nive. 
In  May  IBU  he  embarked  with  his  regi- 
ment at  Bourdenux,  and  sailed  with  the 
expedition  under  Major- Gen.  Ross  for 
America.  He  commanded  the  light 
brigade  and  ad%-ance  of  this  expedition  in 
the  first  operations  in  the  ('nesapcake, 
and  at  the  battle  of  Bladensburg,  which 
le<l  to  the  capture  of  Washington.  In 
consequence  of  a  severe  wound  received 
on  that  occasion,  he  U'as  left  a  prisoner 
in  the  hands  of  the  Americans ;  but,  being 
released  in  exchimge  for  ('ommodore 
Barney,  of  the  navy  of  the  Tnited  States, 
he  proceeded,  in  October  followmg,  with 
the  army  destined  against  New  Orleans, 
lie  commanded  the  advance  of  the  army 
f>n  the  landing  of  the  first  part  of  the 
tr(Mj)>s  on  this  expedition,  and  in  the 
severe,  but  successful,  (*onflict  which 
aftcrwHrds  took  place  when  attacked  by 
the  United  States  army.  He  was  en. 
giifTod  in  all  the  subsequent  affairs  which 
touk  place  on  that  service  until  the  gene- 
nil  attack  on  the  enemy's  lines  on  the 
Htli  of  Jan.  IHl.*,  when  the  command  of 
a  detached  corps  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
river  Mississippi,  with  a  co-0{>eniting 
flotilla  of  the  navy,  was  placed  under  his 
direction  and  command,  lie  was  severely 
wounded  on  this  occasion,  and  it  was 
(lee III ed  nece^-s.iry  for  his  recovery  to  send 
liim  home,  and  he  arrived  in  England  in 
.March  following:.  He  re<'eived  the 
brevet  of  a  (.'olonel  in  the  army  the  4th 
of  June,  LSil;  the  Is^th  of  August  181f), 
he  wa><  appointed  Deputy  Adjutant-den. 
in  Ireland;  he  Attained  the  nuik  of  Major- 
(teneral  in  18*23,  that  of  Lieut. -(leneral 
in  IK'JH  ;  was  ap)>ointed  to  the  Colonelcy 
of  the  !Wth  Foot  in  iH-'l..,  and  to  that  of 
the  K")th  Foot  on  the  death  of  Sir  ller- 
hi'Ti  Taylor  in  lK'«r 

Sir  William  Thornton  had  for  the  la^t 
three  or  four  yean  resided  in  a  villa  at 
t\u'  retired  village  of  (treenford,  called 
Stanhope  Ji^Mlge,  and  lor  some  time  he 
had  ocea«ioiiiilly  exhibited  lingular  ecceii- 
tricitirs  of  cliaru<ter.  Amon^*«t  other 
delusions  was  a  taiuy  that  he  liud  been 
aeeuM'd  of  smuggling,  and  that  informa- 
tions had  lM>en  laid  against  him  l>efore 
the  lM*nch  of  local  maicistrates,  who  had 
i'l'tued  wnrranta  for  liis  apprehension. 
That,  however,  gradually  wore  off,  and 

UhVT.  Mag.  Vol.  XIll. 


was  succeeded  by  an  idea  that  he  had  a 
number  of  foi^ged  Bank  of  England  notes 
in  his  possession,  and  whenever  any  per- 
son paid  him  money  in  notes  be  declared 
they  were  forged  ones.  On  the  day  b«l 
fore  his  death  (Sunday),  being  unable  to 
find  a  receipt  for  some  plate,  of  the  value 
of  about  1000/.  which  he  had  deposited 
in  the  hands  of  his  bankers  in  London, 
he  hastened  up  to  town  in  the  fear  that 
it  had  been  surreptitiously  removed ; 
but  on  his  arrival  at  his  bankers*,  being 
positively  assured  that  his  property  wia 
quite  safe,  he  returned  to  Greenford, 
appeared  more  quiet,  and  declared  he 
would  no  more  take  such  foolish  fandea 
into  his  head.  He  retired  to  rest  at  hia 
usual  hour,  and  nothinff  was  heard  of 
him  during  the  night ;  nut  about  seven 
o'clock  the  next  morning  a  report  of  fire- 
arms proceeded  from  his  bedroom,  and 
on  its  ueing  entered  it  was  found  that  he 
had  destroyed  himself. 

At  the  depot  of  the  85th  the  following 
order  was  issued  : — *'  It  is  with  the 
deepest  regret  the  commanding  officer  haa 
to  announce  to  the  officers  and  men  of 
the  depot  the  death  of  their  Colonel, 
Lieut.. General  Sir  William  Thornton. 
This  gallant  and  distinguished  officer 
commanded  the  regiment  in  the  army 
under  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  and  sub- 
sequently in  the  campaigns  of  1814  and 
1815,  on  the  continent  of  America;  and 
it  i4  to  his  unremitted  seal  and  noble 
example  the  regiment  is  principally  in- 
debted for  that  high  character  which  It 
has  ever  since  maintained.  The  officere. 
as  a  mark  of  respect  to  their  lamentea 
chief,  will  wear  crape  on  the  left  arm 
during  this  month."  No  officer  was  ever 
more  successful  in  securing  the  love  and 
respect  of  his  comrades  in  arms  than  Sir 
Wm.  Thoniton.  His  body  was  interred 
on  the  (kh  Ann\  in  the  churchyard  of 
Greenford.  The  first  mourning  coach 
contained  Major  Thornton  the  brother  of 
the  deceased,  Colonel  Dowall  and  Mr. 
Todd,  also  relatives,  Sir  Duncan  M*Dou- 
gall,  and  the  Hev.  J.  H.  Dakins ;  the 
second  containing  Sir  William  de  Bathe, 
Colonel  Woo<l,  Colonel  Browne,  Miyor 
DeHlion,and  the  Ilev.  G.  M.  Glei|f;  the 
third.  Sir  John  M*l>onald  (Adjutant- 
general),  Sir  Arthur  Brooke,  Col.  John-  , 
son.  Capt.  Wall,  and  Capt.  Belstead ; 
the  fjiurth,  Major  Cam|>bell,  Dr.  Holmea, 
and  Messrs.  Brown  and  (rillespie;  and 
a  filth,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Walmesley  (Rector 
of  Hanwell),  Mr.  IJaillic  (magistrate  of 
ilanwcll),  and  Messrs.  Ilaffenden  and 
(Jibbs.  They  were  followed  by  a  long 
line  ot  carriages. 

Sir  William  Thornton  was  unmarried. 

40 


650 


Obituary.— Affl/or-GcM.  Sir  A,  Dickson,  G,C.B.         (June, 


Major. Gen.  Sir  A.  Dickson,  G.C.B. 
Aftril  22.  In  (/harles- street,  Berkeley- 
square,  in  his  G2d  year,  Major- Genenil 
Sir  Alexander  Dickson,  G.C.B.  K.T.S. 
and  K.C.H.  Director-general  and  Deputy 
Adjutant-general  of  Royal  Artillery. 

He  was  appointed  Second  Lieutenant  in 
that  corps  the  6th  Nov.  1794';  First  Lieut. 
7lh  Oct.  1 793 ;  Capt.-Lieutenant,  1 4th  Oct. 
1801  ;  Second  Captain,  19th  July  1804>; 
and  Captain  10th  April  1805.    He  served 
at  the  capture  of  Minorca  in   1798  ;  the 
blockade  of  Malta  and  surrender  of  La 
Valetta,  1800;  the  siege  and  capture  of 
Monte    V^ideo,   and  attack   on    Buenos 
Ayres,  1807.     He  served  throughout  the 
campaigns  of  the  Peninsula,  France,  and 
Flanders,  including,  in   1809,  the  affair 
at  Grigo,  the  capture  of  Oporto,  and  ex- 
pulsion of  Marshal  Soult  from  Portugal ; 
in  1810,  the  battle  of  Busacoand  lines  of 
Lisbon;   in    1811  the  affair  at    Caropo 
Mayor,  the  siege  and  capture  of  01iven9a  ; 
the  first  and  second  siege  of  Badajoz  ;  the 
attack  and  capture  of  the  forts  at  Alma- 
rez ;   the  siege  and  capture  of  the  forts 
and  battle  of  Salamanca;  the  capture  of 
the  Retiro,  Madrid,  and  siege  of  Burgos  ; 
in  1813  the  battle  of  Vittoria,  siege  and 
passage  of  the  A  dour,  and  battle  of  Tou- 
louse.      He  received  for  these  events  a 
cross  and  six  clasps.     The  officers  of  the 
Field    Train    department,    who    served 
under  his  command   in   the    Peninsula, 
presented    him    with   a   splendid    piece 
of  plate  ;  and  he  likewise  received  a  mag- 
nificent sword  from   the  officers  of  the 
artillery  who  served    under   him  in  the 
campaigns  of  1813  and  1814.      He  next 
served    in    the    unfortunate    expedition 
against  New  Orleans  ;  subsequently  in 
P  landers,  and  was  present  at  the  battle 
of  Waterloo.      He  also  commanded  the 
battering  train   in  aid   of  the    Prussian 
army  in  the  sieges  of  Mauberg,  Landre- 
cies,  Philippeville,  Marienberg,  and  Ro- 
croy.      He  became  a  Major- General  in 
June  1837. 

The  following  is  a  passage  from  one  of 
the  Duke  of  Wellington's  despatches, 
dated  Gallegcs,  the  20ih  Jan.  1812  :— 

"  Major  Dickson,  of  the  royal  artillery, 
attached  to  the  Portuguese  artillery,  has, 
for  some  time,  had  the  direction  of  the 
heavy  train  attached  to  this  army,  and  has 
^  conducted  the  intricate  details  of  the  late 
operation,  as  he  did  those  of  the  late 
sieges  of  Badajoz  in  the  last  summer, 
much  to  my  satisfaction.  The  rapid  exe- 
cution produced  by  the  well-directed  fire 
kept  up  from  our  batteries,  affords  the 
best  proof  of  the  merits  of  the  officers  and 
men  of  the  royal  artillery,  and  of  the 
Portuguese  artillery  employed  on  this 
occasion." 


The  following  general  orders  have  been 
issued  by  the  Master -general  of  the  Oni- 
nance  :  —  "  General    Order,     AV^oolwich, 
April  23,   1840. —  It  is  with  sincere  and 
heartfelt  grief  that  the  Master-general  has 
to  announce  to  the  ordnance  corps,  and 
to  the  department  generally,  the  death  of 
Major- General   Sir  Alexander  Dickson, 
G.C.B.    Deputy- Adjutant-general    and 
Director-general  of  the  Royal    Artillery. 
Indefatigable  in  the  discharge  of  bis  duty, 
able  as  he  was  zealous,  anxious  to  reward 
merit  in  others,  and  considerate  to\%'ards 
all,   this   most  distinguished  officer    has 
closed  a  career  of  uninterrupted  service, 
during  46  years  ;  the  earlier  part  of  which 
was  passed  in  combating  the  enemies  of 
his  country  wherever  its  armies  were  most 
actively  engaged,  and  the  latter  in  the  cul- 
tivation of  professional  science,  and  pro- 
rooting  the  interest  of  his  corps  and   the 
service.     In  Sir  Alexander  Dickson  the 
officers  of  the  artillery  have  lost  a  brother 
— the  men,  a  father  and  a  friend — the 
regiment  one  of  its  brightest  ornaments— 
and    her   Majesty  one  of  her  best  and 
bravest  soldiers.       The    Master-general 
feels  confident  that  every  individual  be- 
longing to  the  ordnance  corns,  and  to  the 
department  generally,  at    Woolwich,  will 
join  with  him  in  paying  the  last  mark  of 
respect  by  accompanpng  to  the  grave  the 
remains  of  this  most  excellent  and  admir- 
able man."     The  funeral  took  place  at 
Plumstead  church,  on  Tuesday  toe  28th 
April.    Precisely  at  eleven  the  troops  aj- 
sembled  on  the  parade  in  front  of  the  gar- 
rison ;  the  whole  appeared  in  review  order, 
the  officers  weiiring  crape  round  the  left 
arm  above  the  elbow  and  at  the  hilt  of 
their  swords.     At  10  minutes  to  12  the 
hearse  and  mourning  coaches  arrived  at 
the  south-eastern  gate,  and  proceeded  at 
a  slow  pace  to  the  end  of  the  parade,  and 
when  the  body  had  been  placed  on  the  car, 
the  troops,  already  fallen  into  line,  saluted 
the  corpse,  after  which  they  broke  into 
open  column,  and  the  procession  moved 
on  with  reversed  arms  towards  the  place 
of  interment.    On  the  cortege  turning  the 
comer  of  the  barracks,  towards  the  hos- 
pital,  the  sight   was  truly   magnificent, 
there  being  upwards  of  2,000  soldiers,  and 
not  less  than  10,000  persons  congregated. 
When  the  procession  had  passed  the  Ar- 
senal  the  minute  guns  ceased. 

The  procession  moved  in  the  subjoined 
order : — 

Superintendent  of  Police. 

Three  Inspectors. 

A  squadron  of  the  Royal  Horse  Artillery. 

Battalion  of  the  Royal  Marines. 

Battalion  of  th«  29tb  Regiment. 

Band  of  the  29th,  with  drums  muffled 

and  instruments  trimmed  with  crape. 


1 840.]       Obituary.— Gewera/  Durham.'^General  WiMnson* 


651 


Royal  Sappers  and  Miners. 
Buglers  of  Royal  Sappers  and  Miners. 
Gentlennen  Cadets. 
Eleven  six-pound  Field  Batteries. 
Royal  Artillery  Band,  drums  muffled,  &c. 
Chaplains — the  Rev.  M.  Robert  Scott, 
and  Rev.  George  B.  Tuson. 
Medical  Attendants, 
Mutes  and  Feathers. 
The  Car,  drawn  by  eight  horses,  each  at- 
tended by  a   man   of  the    Royal    Horse 
Artillery ;    being   the   waggon   of  a  six- 
pounder  covered  with  the  British  colours, 
on  which  was  placed  the  coffin,  covered 
with  a  black  velvet  pall ;  on  the  top  of  the 
cofhn  was  the  cap  and  feathers,  sword  and 
Hush,  and  the  different  orders  of  knight* 
hood  which  the  gallant  deceased  received  ; 
the  pall -bearers  walking  on  each  side. 
Groom.         Charger.         Groom. 
Three  Mourning  Coaches,  drawn  by  four 

horses, 

each  horse  being  led  by  an  Artillery-man, 

containing  the  Mourners. 

Gentlemen  of  the  Public  Departments 

four  abreast. 

Military  Officers. 

Officers  of  the  Royal  Navy. 

Ordnance  Medical  Department. 

General  Staff. 

The  Commandant  Lord  Bloomfield. 

The  Master- General  Sir  R.  H.  Vivian, 

and  the  Members  of  the  Board. 

Rear  (luard  of  Royal  Ilorsc  Artillery. 

The  l*rivate  Carriages  of  the  Friends 

of  the  deceased  General. 
On  the  arrival  of  the  royal  horse  ar- 
tillery at  iMumstead  church,  about  two 
nnles  from  the  garrison,  they  halted,  and 
turned  otf  to  the  right  and  left.  Thci?9th 
iet;i(nent  formed  in  line  along  the  road, 
and  the  battalion  of  the  royal  artillery 
lined  both  sides  of  the  lane  leading  down 
to  the  church,  to  which  the  gentlemen 
cadets  passed  at  once.  On  the  arrival  of 
the  car  at  the  church  gate,  the  coffin  was 
leeeived  by  Sir  J.  Webb,  Col.  Conolly, 
Col.  (.'(M-kburn,  Col.  Harding,  Co\.  I'at- 
tison  and  Col.  Parker,  the  pall-bearers, 
and  the  curate,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Kimber. 

The  band  of  the  royal  artillery  was 
^rationed  in  the  church,  and  those  of  the 
.".Kli  regiment,  royul  marines,  and  royal 
sap])erK  and  miners,  who  had  alternately 
relieved  each  other  in  playing  the  Dead 
Mareli  in  Saul  along  the  whole  line  of  the 
proees««ion,  were  stationed  outside.  The 
iixii  il  prayers  were  delivered  by  the  Rev. 
Matthew  Robert  Scott,  w!i«  ii  the  mourn- 
ers proccede<l  to  the  vault  in  the  church- 
yard, whieh  had  been  surrounded  by  the 
•^tatf-sergeants  and  nou-eoinuiissioiied 
officer'^.  At  the  termination  ol  the  ser- 
vice the  whole  of  the  infantry  tiied  three 
rounds  siinultatieuublyi    the    btuids   and 


trumpets  sounding  between  each  dis- 
charge. The  field  batteries  then  rendered 
their  last  tribute,  by  giving  the  usual 
compliment  of  guns  for  a  Major- General, 
namely  1 1  ;  the  whole  concluding  with  a 
flourish  of  trumpets,  and  the  bands  playing 
the  national  anthem. 


General  Durham. 

Feb.  6.  Aged  86,  General  James 
Durham  of  Lai'go,  co.  Fife. 

General  Durham  was  bom  the  14th 
Jan.  1751*,  the  eldest  son  and  heir  of  James 
Durham,  esq.  of  Largo, by  Anne,  daughter 
of  Thomas  Calderwood,  esq.  of  Pobton, 
the  son  and  heir  of  Sir  William  Calder- 
wood, one  of  the  senators  of  the  College 
of  Justice,  by  Margaret  his  wife,  daughter 
of  Sir  James  Stewart,  of  Goodtrees, 
Bart. 

This  veteran  officer  had  been  in  the 
service  no  less  than  seventy  years,  having 
entered  the  army  as  a  cornet  in  the  2d 
dragoon  guards  the  22d  June  1769.  He 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant 
in  March  1775,  and  to  that  of  Captain 
in  March  1779.  In  1783  he  was  placed 
on  the  half-pay  of  the  82d  foot,  and  re- 
mained so  until  1793,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed Lieutenant  in  the  94th.  Whilst 
on  half.pay  he  served  as  Aid-de-camp  to 
the  Marquess  Townsbend.  On  the  1st 
of  Sept.  1794,  he  received  the  brevet  of 
Major;  and,  hanng  raised  the  Fifeshire 
Fencibles,  he  was  appointed  Lieut.- Co- 
lonel of  that  corps,  the  23d  Oct.  1794. 
In  April  18(X)  he  was  again  placed  on 
half-pay;  the  1st  Jan.  1801  was  made  Co- 
lonel, by  brevet ;  in  Jan.  1803  Colonel  of 
the  6th  garrison  battalion,  and  reduced  in 
Feb.  I80j.  From  March  18M  to  Dec. 
1808  he  served  as  Brigiidier  and  Major- 
Creneral  in  Ireland.  The  25th  April 
1808  he  received  the  rank  of  Major- Ge- 
neral ;  and  in  December  was  placed  on 
the  staff  in  Scotland.  He  attained  the 
rank  of  Lieut.- General  in  1813,  and  that 
of  General  in  la**). 

General  Durham  was  twice  married ; 
first  in  1779  to  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Colonel  Shelden,  of  Fletwick,  co.  Bed- 
ford ;  and  secondly,  in  1827,  to  Margaret, 
eldest  daughter  of  Colonel  John  Anstru- 
ther,  of  Charlton,  CO.  Fife:  but  had  no 
issue,  lie  has  been  succeeded  in  his  es- 
tates by  his  next  surviving  brother, 
Williim  Durham,  esq. 

General  Sir  W.  Wilkinso.v. 

March  IH.  At  Durham,  aged  85, 
Sir  William  Wilkinson,  a  General  in 
the  army. 

lie  was  Hpjiointed  Knsign  in  the  .')Oth 
foot  the  Sth  Fib.  177.'),  ijieutenant  the 
luih  April  1775,  and  Optain  the  17th 


Obituaby.— *ra;)^.  Sir  Jckn  PhilUmores  RJI,  [Jiine« 

In  the  Belette,  Lieut.  Phillamere  per- 
formed many  important  servioei»  •oquir- 
ingthe  reputation  of  a  very  active  officer. 
Being  attached  to  Lord  Gambler's  fleet 
ill  his  attack  on  Copenhaffen  iu  1807,  )m 
distinguished  himself  by  his  zeal  apd  in- 
telligence, and  on  one  occaaion  gallantly 
repulsed  an  attack  of  Danish  gun-boats 
in  a  calm,  sinking  three  of  the  enemy's 
vessels. 

On  the  ISth  Oct.  1807  he  obtained 
post  rank,  and  remained  on  half-pay  untU 
June,  1809,  when  he  w^s  appoint^  to 
command  the  JV|arlborough  74i»  during 
the  temporary  absence  of  her  Cf ptiin. 
In  that  snip  he  proceeded  on  the  expeiiT. 
cion  to  the  Scheldt,  and  was  actively  em- 
ployed in  detached  service  in  coiyiinc*^ 
tion  with  the  troops,  until  supersedi^  b^ 
Capt.  Moore  in  tpe  fall  of  the  yew*  His 
next  appointment  was  to  the  Diadem 
store-sin p,  in  June  1810 ;  and  on  the  4th 
May,  1813,  he  was  appointed  to  th9  £u- 
rotas,  a  new  frigate,  m  which  h^  was  pre- 
sent at  the  capture  of  the  Dutch  firigvte 
La  Trave,  on  the  23rd  Oct.  following ; 
and  on  the  25th  Feb.  18  U,  he  fell  in 
with  the  French  ftigate  Glorinde,  when 
a  desperate  action  ensued,  in  which  Capt. 
Phillimore  was  severely  wounded,  and 
the  Eurotas  being  totfiUy  dismasted, 
while  the  Clorinde  had  her  fofepifkit 
standing,  the  enemy's  ship  succeeded  in 
getting  out  of  gun-shot.  No  time  was 
lust  in  repairing  damages,  and  b^^^ 
noon  on  the  following  daV)  the  Eurotas 
was  completely  riggea  under  jury-qn^ts, 
and  in  chase  of  the  Clorinde  at  the  litB 
of  seven  miles  an  hour,  to  renew  the  De« 
tion  ;  when  the  Dryad  and  another  ve<^ 
sel  made  their  appearance,  and  the  French 
frigate  surrendered  without  further  fip, 
sistance.  In  this  action,  the  Eurotas  bM 
20  men  killed,  and  40  wounded,  wbUit 
the  loss  on  board  the  French  frigate  WM 
twice  as  great. 

On  the  4th  June,  1815,  Capt.  PhiUit 
more  was  nominated  a  C.B.,  and  ^^ 
mained  unemployed  until  1820,  when  be 
was  appointed  to  the  Willivn  and  Jiiuy 
yacht,  and  knighted  by  the  Lord  Lieute- 
nant of  Ireland,  while  in  attendance  upon 
his  Excellency,  on  the  l^th  X>ec,  1881. 

In  1823  he  carried  out  the  Commif- 
sioners  appointed  to  inq^uire  into  the  po- 
litical state  of  Mexico,  in  Uie  Thetis  (H^ 
gate ;  and  in  the  following  year  returned 
to  Plymouth  with  a  very  rich  Arcdgbt  ^ 
specie  and  cochineal.  In  May,  lfflt4^  be 
proceeded  in  the  same  ship  to  th^  coiat 
of  Africa,  and  arrived  at  Gup^  Coas( 
Castle,  with  suuplies  at  a  very  critica) 
moment,  the  Ashanteos  being  then  en- 
camped in  vast  numbers  round  the  town^ 
Having  landed  a  pprtioq  pf  I^jji  vtpff^  ^ 


652 


Nov.  17A0.  Uc  served  one  campaif^n  in 
South  Carolina,  ut  the  latter  end  of  the 
American  war ;  and  ut  die  commencement 
of  the  French  revolution,  he  served  in 
the  Mediterranean  as  a  Murine  Oflicer, 
and  acted  as  Town  Mi^or  at  Toulon. 
On  the  '27th  May,  I7f)5,  he  was  appointed 
Major  in  the  .'30th  Foot;  and  Lieut.- Col. 
the  1st  Sept.  folluwin>r.  He  served  also 
in  Corsica,  in  Ireland  (during  the  re- 
bcllion),  in  Malta,  in  EKy|)t,ana  in  India. 
He  was  made  Colonel  by  brevet  1803, 
Maior-General  IKIO, Lieut- General  1814, 
and  General  IK'H. 

Sir  W.  Wilkinson  was  very  deaf,  and 
had  fur  a  long  period  led  a  secluded  life, 
never  mixing  in  society,  and  taking  such 
exercise  as  his  health  required  invariably 
alone.  His  manner  was  strongly  marked 
by  eccentricity,  but  no  part  of  his  conduct 
had  ever  excited  suspicion  of  insanity. 
A  coroner's  inquest  >vas  held  on  his 
body,  when  it  appeared  that  he  shot  him- 
self with  a  pistol,  lie  is  understood  to 
have  died  very  rich. 

Capt.  Sir  John  Phillimore,  R.N. 

March  21.  At  the  Ray,  near  Maiden- 
head,  Sir  John  Phillimore,  Knt.  and  C.B. 
a  Post  Captain  R.N.  and  a  Naval  Aid- 
de-camp  to  her  Majesty. 

Sir  John  Phillimore  was  a  son  of  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Phillimore,  Rector  of  Or- 
ton  on  the  Hill,  Leicestershire;  and  a 
brother  of  Joseph  Phillimore,  LL.D. 
Commissioner  of  the  Board  of  Control 
for  the  affairs  of  India. 

He  commenced  his  naval  career  under 
the  auspices  of  Vice- Admiral  Sir  George 
Murray,  in  1795,  with  whom  he  served 
successively  in  the  Nymphe  frigate,  the 
Colossus,  Achille,  and  Edgar,  74>s.  In 
the  Edgar  he  was  present  at  the  victory 

fained  by  Sir  John  Jervis,  14th  Feb. 
797 ;  and  the  Edgar  led  the  van  of  Lord 
Nelson's  division  in  the  attack  on  the 
Danish  fleet,  April  2,  1801,  on  which 
glorious  occasion  she  suffered  severely, 
having  31  men  killed  and  111  wounded. 
The  first  Lieutenant  of  that  ship  hav- 
ing fallen  in  the  action,  Mr.  Phillimore 
succeeded  to  the  vacancy,  and  continued 
to  serve  under  Capt.  Murray  in  the 
Baltic,  until  the  peace  of  Amiens,  after 
which  he  became  First  Lieutenant  of  the 
Gannet  sloop-of-war  for  a  short  time, 
and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Com- 
mander, 10th  May,  1804.  In  the  follow- 
ing year  he  was  appointed  to  the  Cormo- 
rant on  the  North  Sea  station,  and  in 
1806  removed  to  the  Belette  brig  of  18 
guns,  under  the  orders  of  Commodore 
Owen,  when  that  ofHcer  made  an  attack 
on  the  Boulogne  flotilla,  in  order  to  try 
the  effects  of  Congreve  rockets. 


1840.] 


Obitcary.— W^ittiaw  $,  Poyntz,  Esq. 


G53 


held  the  savages  in  check,  and  made  such 
ndiuirable  arrangements,  that  in  the  ge- 
neral attack  of  the  llth  July,  they  were 
defeated  with  great  loss,  and  their  army 
dispersed.  The  Thetis  returned  to  Eng- 
Uiid  at  the  close  of  the  year,  and  was 
Mib*iequently  employed  in  conveying  some 
diplomatic  pci'sonages  to  Naples,  Con. 
stantiiiople,  and  South  America.  In  Nov. 
IH26,  she  was  paid  off  at  Plymouth,  from 
whicli  period  lie  had  retired  from  active 
service. 

Sir  John  Phillimore  was  appointed  one 
of  the  Navul  Aides-de-camp  to  King 
William  the  Fourth  in  Sept.  1831,  and 
retained  that  appointment  to  her  present 
Majesty. 

He  married,  Feb.  17,  1830.  Katharine 
Harriet,  daughter  of  Capt.  Raigersfeld, 
U.N.  by  whom  he  has  left  a  numerous 
youn^'  family,  to  which  an  addition  has 
been  made  Mince  his  death  by  the  birth  of 
a  i)osthumous  child. 

W.  S.  I*oY.NTZ,  Esq. 

April  8.  At  his  house  in  Hampton 
Court,  aged  71  years,  William  Stephen 
Poyntz,  e>(|.  of  Cowdray  Park,  Sussex, 
and  of  Midgham  House,  Berks,  a  Deputy 
Lieutenant  of  Sussex  and  Hampshire. 

This  greatly  respected  gentleman  was 
descended  from  a  very  ancient  family; 
his  grandfather  was  the  Right  Hon. 
Stephen  Poyntz,  educated  at  Eton  and 
Kings  College,  Cambridge,  M.A.  1711, 
who  held  several  responsible  situations  in 
the  reign  of  Georse  II.  and  was  by  that 
monarch  appointed  Preceptor  to  Prince 
William  of  Cumberland.  He  married  the 
Hon.  Miss  Mordaunt,  one  of  the  Maids 
of  Honour  to  (^ueen  Caroline;  and, 
dyin^  in  17.j<),  was  succeeded  by  his  son 
Wilham  i*oyntz,  esq.  Inspector  of  Prose- 
cutions in  the  Exchequer,  and  High  Sheriff 
of  lierks  178<i.  He  married  one  of  the 
CO  heiresses  of  KcUand  C-ourtenay,  esq. 
by  whom  he  had  two  sons,  Williaai 
Stephen,  the  subject  of  this  notice,  and 
Montagu  Morduunt,  \\ho  died  early  in 
life;  and  four  daughters,  (he  Lady  John 
Townshend,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Dridgman, 
who  died  during  the  present  year  (see  p. 
'X\\)  the  Countess  of  Cork  and  Orrery, 
and  the  Hon.  I^adv  Courtcnay  Boyle. 

In  early  life  Air.  Poyntz  held  a  com. 
mission  in  the  10th  or  Prince  of  Walea's 
l>rai;oons.  On  the  2lth  Nov.  I7li-l  he 
received  a  commission  as  ('aptain  of  tho 
Midhurst  corps  of  volunteer  ('avalry. 
Subsequently  to  the  general  election  of 
1 1\H\  he  came  into  Parliament  for  the 
borough  of  St.  Allmn'tf  on  Eail  Spencer's 
iiitcrc'«t,  the  vacancy  being  made  by  the 
late  Earl  of  Lucaii,  Lady  Spencer's 
brother,     lie  \vua  re-clcctcd  in  180;^  aud 


1806 ;  to  the  Pariiament  of  1807  be  was 
returned  for  C'allington  Rafter  the  general 
election)  and  again  to  tnat  of  1812-18  ; 
he  sat  for  Chichester  from  1823  to  1826, 
and  for  Asbburton  from  1831  to  1835, 
when  he  was  returned  for  Midhurst, 
where  he  was  recently  succeeded  bv 
his  son-in-law,  Captain  the  Hon.  P. 
Spencer,  having  resigned  his  seat  from  il( 
health  and  advanced  years. 

Mr.  Poyntz's  political  principles  were  of 
the  old  constitutional  Whig  school;  but 
of  a  tendency  too  aristocratical  to  permit 
him  to  identify  himself  with  the  radicalism 
of  the  present  day.  He  was  a  firm  sup- 
porter of  the  established  church,  and 
maintained  its  rights  and  property  by  his 
votes  in  Parliament,  thougli  in  opposition 
to  the  party  with  whom  he  generally 
acted.  He  was  greatly  beloved  by  an  ex- 
tensive circle  of  friends,  who  knew  the 
kindness  of  his  heart  and  the  sincerity  of 
his  attachment  to  them.  A  large  and  re- 
spectable body  of  tenantry  will  deeply 
lament  the  loss  of  their  kind  and  con- 
siderate landlord,  and  the  labouring  poor 
in  the  vicinitv  of  his  residence  will  feel 
the  want  of  his  judicious  bounty.  In  his 
religious  sentiments  be  was  warmly  at- 
tached to  the  doctrines  and  discipline  of 
the  Church  of  England,  and  worshippefl 
according  to  her  Liturgy  in  the  spirit  of  t 
true  Christian.  And  it  is  a  consolation 
to  his  surviving  friends  to  reflect  that 
while  ill  health,  during  the  latter  years  of 
his  life,  drew  him  from  the  world,  it  was 
at  the  same  time  the  happy  cause  of  lead- 
ing him  to  contemplate  more  seriously 
the  concerns  of  eternity.  He  married  in 
1701  the  Hon.  Elixabcth  Mary  Browne, 
only  sister  and  sole  heiress  of  George  8th 
Viscount  Montagu,  whose  melancholy 
death  in  attempting  to  pass  the  falls  of 
Schauffbausen  in  1703  is  related  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  that  year,  p. 
10.H.  By  this  amiable,  pious,  and  highly 
respected  lady,  the  last  aescendant  of  the 
Montagus  of  Cowdray,  who  died  in  Dec. 
18.'X),  he  had  two  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters ;  the  former  both  came  to  an  untimely 
end  by  the  upsetting  of  a  pleasure  yacht 
at  Bognor,  Sussex,  1815,  (together  with 
their  tutor  and  the  two  daughters  of  Adm. 
Parry,  ('oloncl  Poyntz  alone  escaping,  as 
related  in  our  Magazine  for  that  year, 
Part  ii.  p.  70).  In  consequence  of  this 
distressing  calamity  his  three  surviving 
daiighterfi,  the  dowager  Lady  Clinton 
fnow  the  wife  of  Sir  Horace  Seymour, 
K.C.H.),  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Spencer  (wife 
of  ('apt.  the  Hon.  Frederick  Spencer, 
C.B.  next  brother  to  Earl  Spencer),  and 
the  Marchioness  uf  Exeter,  have  become 
co-heireshcs  to  all  the  extensive  i>roperty 
of  that  ancient  and  once  powerful  family. 


654 


Obituary.— Dr.  Rennell,  Dean  of  JVinchester.  [Jane, 


V 


The  following  paragraph,  relating  some 
interesting  particulars  connected  with  the 
causes  of  toe  illness  and  death  of  Mr. 
Poyntz,  deserves  insertion  here.  •*  The 
death  of  this  gentleman  presents  a  singu- 
lar fact  in  pathology.  He  expired  sud- 
denly, at  his  house  at  Hampton  Court,  at 
dinner,  with  convulsive  movements  of  the 
face  and  hands,  the  consequence  of  a  want 
of  power  in  the  heart  to  carry  on  their 
circulation.  This  cessation  of  nervous 
energy  in  the  heart  was  the  result  of  an 
injury  received  by  him  seven  years  ago. 
In  1833  Mr.  PoynU  fell  from  his  horse 
on  his  head,  when  his  chin  was  forced  on 
his  breast,  and  produced  a  dislocation  in 
the  spine,  which  was  found  at  the  post 
mortem  examination  made  by  Mr.  Liston, 
of  Old  Burlington.strcet,  and  Mr.  Hol- 
berton,  the  medical  attendant  of  Mr. 
Poyntz.  Since  that  accident  he  had  never 
been  so  well  as  before,  and  during  the  last 
two  or  three  years  had  occasionally  ex- 
perienced brief  faintings,  from  a  total  ces- 
sation  of  the  heart's  action,  presenting 
symptoms  precisely  like  those  which  were 
now  described  to  the  jury,  but  with  this 
difference,  that  from  the  last,  which  lasted 
under  a  minute,  he  did  not  recover.  The 
surgeons  discovered  the  procesnu  den- 
tatuM  of  the  spine  displaced  fonvards,  di- 
minishing the  spinal  canal,  and  conse- 
quently the  spinal  marrow  one-third  in 
diameter,  just  below  the  skull,  where  the 
chord  begins  to  meet  the  brain.  The 
injury  was  evidently  of  old  standing,  and 
in  Mr.  Holberton*s  opinion  was,  through 
the  heart,  the  cause  of  death.  Thus  was 
established  the  singular  fact,  that  death 
resulted  almost  instantaneously  from  an 
injury  inflicted  years  before.  Singularly, 
no  paralysis  or  injury  of  the  intellect  fol- 
lowed the  injury  of  the  spine  in  18-'^. 
All  the  valves  of  the  heart  were  healthy, 
and  no  unnatural  sounds  were  ever  de- 
tectable in  the  chest.  The  dura  mater  of 
the  brain  was  found  attached  firmly  to  the 
skull,  and  effusion  under  the  arachnoid 
membrane.  When  will,  the  pulse  counted 
about  25  or  26  in  the  minute;  at  other 
times  not  more  than  eight  or  nine." 

The  body  of  Mr.  Poyntz  was  deposited 
in  the  family  vault  at  Eascbourne,  Sussex, 
on  the  JGth  of  April.  The  cavalcade 
WHS  met  at  Farnhurst  !)y  the  Marr}ucss 
of  Exeter,  the  Hon.  Capt.  F.  Spenrer, 
Sir  Horace  and  Mr.  Seymour,  and  nearly 
70  of  the  tenantry  ;  and  a  procession  was 
formed,  which,  moving  slowly,  arrived  at 
the  church  of  Easebuurne  about  eleven 
o'clock,  where  they  were  joined  by  Col. 
Brid^eman,  Charles  Shirley,  esq.  Sir 
Charles  Taylor,  bart.  William  Townlcy 
Mitford,  esq.  of  Pits-hill,  Rev.  Robert 
Ridsdale,  liector  of  Tillington,  and  the 
resident  Clergy ;  and  after  the  coffin  bad 


been  exposed  to  the  view  of  the  sorrowing 
multitude,  which,  at  a  moderate  calcok- 
tion,  amounted  to  3000,  it  was  quiedj 
consigned  to  the  earth.  As  a  last  tribate 
of  respect,  all  the  tradesmen  of  Midhant 
closed  their  shops  until  after  the  inter- 
ment. 


Dr.  Rennkll,  Dean  of  Winchestke. 
March  31 .  At  the  Deanery,  Winchester, 
in  his  87th  year,  the  Very  Rev.  Thomas 
Rennell,  D.D.  Dean  of  the  Cathedral. 

Dr.  Rennell,  the  representative  of  aa 
ancient  and  respectable  family  in  Devon. 
shire,  and  a  near  relative  of  the  celebfat- 
ed  Major  Rennell,  was  the  only  son  of 
the   Rev.  Thomas  Rennell,   Prebendary 
of  Winchester,  a  man  eminent   for   his 
piety  and  learning,  to  whose  early  instruc- 
tion and  constant  care  may  be  ascribed  in 
great  measure  the  subsequent  superiority 
and  reputation  of  his  son.     When  about 
thirteen   years   of  age  Dr.    Rennell  was 
sent  to  Eton,  where  the  keen  eye  of  Dr. 
F'oster,  the  head  master,  first  oiscovered 
the   capacity  and  abilities  of  his  pupil; 
and  under  the  tuition  of  that  acute  scholar 
Dr.  Rennell  soon  rose  to  high  distinction. 
A  letter  still  exists  in  which   Dr.  Foster 
declared    that     Rennell    was    the     best 
scholar  he  had  ever  sent  out  from  Eton : 
and  his  pupil  always  retained  and  express- 
ed  the  warmest  affection  and  gratitude  to 
the  memory  of  his  old   master.      Upoa 
being  removed  to  King's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, Dr.  Rennell  prosecuted  his  studies 
with  intense  ardour.  The  leisure  afforded 
by  the  peculiar  nature  of  that  foundation, 
and  the  exemption  from  University  exer- 
cises and  examinations,  so  dangerous  a 
privilege  to  many  young  men,  was  to  him 
of  peculiar  advantage,  for  it  enabled  him 
to   follow  up  without    interruption   the 
course  of  study  most  congenial  to  the  dis- 
position of  his   mind,  without  reference 
to  whether  it  might  "  tell  *'  or  not  at  any 
future  examination.     He  read  from  thirst 
for  information,   and  from  pure  love  of 
letters,  "  ingenti percuUut  amorej**  rather 
than   from  any  mere  ambition  of  literary 
fame.     During  his  University  career  Dr. 
Rermell  sought  and  was  readily  admitted 
to  the  society  of  persons  renowned  for  their 
genius  and  learning.   He  was  at  this  time 
greatly  assisted  by  the  able  and  judicious 
advice  of  Dr.  Glynn,  a  most  distinguished 
scholar  and  physician,then  resident  at  Cam- 
bridge,  and  a  Fellow  of  the  same  college ; 
and  his  views  were  enlarged  and  matured 
by  frequent  conversation  with  the  learned 
Mr.  Bryant.   With  his  contemporaries  the 
late  Dr.  Mansel,  Master  of  1  rinity  Col- 
lege, and  Mr.  Muthias,  the  author  of  the 
**  Pursuits  of  Litemture,**  both  men  of 
*  infinite  wit,"  and  likewise  with  his  old 
schoolfcUoMrsi  the    hie    Chief  Justice 


1840.]  Obituary.— Dr.  Kennelly  Bean  of  Wkchesttr. 


C55 


(libbs,  and  Mr.  Justice  Dampier,  lielivcfl 
in  liabits  of  the  warmest  intimacy,  which 
lasted  through  their  lives.  At  the  Uni- 
versity also  he  was  first  introduced  by  Dr. 
(ilyim  to  the  then  Mr.  Pretyman,  after- 
wards Bishop  of  Winchester,  and  to  his 
illustrious  pupil,  with  both  of  whom  he 
continued  in  after  life  on  terms  of  mutual 
esteem  and  regard.  In  the  year  1778  he 
gained  the  Bachelor's  prize  for  a  Latin 
essay  on  the  subject  of  Government,  re- 
uiarkable  for  the  deep  philosophical  views 
he  took  of  the  question,  and  the  vigour 
and  elegance  of  the  language.  Dr.  Ken- 
nel continued  at  Cambridge  until  he  en- 
tcred  into  holy  orders,  when  he  took  the 
<uracy  of  Barnack,  a  retired  village  in  Nor- 
thamptonshire, and  became  as  severe  a 
student  in  Theology  as  he  bad  previously 
been  in  classical  and  general  literature, 
and  to  this  subject,  in  all  its  various 
branches,  henceforward  through  life  were 
the  powers  of  his  mind  almost  exclusively 
given.  \\c  was  appointed  at  an  earlier  age 
than  usual  to  a  prebend  in  Winchester 
( jithcdral,  being  already  remarkable  as  u 
divine  and  a  scholar ;  and  during  his  resi- 
dence in  the  Close  derived,  by  his  own 
account,  invaluable  aid  in  the  promotion 
of  his  theological  studies,  from  frequent 
intercourse  with  the  celebrated  Dr.Balguy, 
of  whom  he  never  ceased  to  speak  with 
admiration  and  reverence. 

In  1786  Dr.  llennell  married  the  eldest 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Blackstone,  a 
lady  in  every  way  worthy  her  husband 
and  her  father ;  and  soon  after  undertook 
the  charge  of  the  populous  parish  of 
Alton,  and  entered  zealously  and  actively 
upou  the  practical  duties  of  a  parish 
priest.  Alton  was  at  that  time  full  of 
the  sect  called  Quakers,  among  the  higher 
class  of  whom  were  to  be  found  many 
shrewd  and  intelligent  persons ;  with  these 
Dr.  Kenncll  freely  associated,  and  in  the 
course  of  frequent  conversations  and  ar* 
gumcnts  held  with  thcmr  gained  a  consi- 
derable insight  into  their  doctrines  ;  what- 
ever might  have  been  his  conclusions 
upon  these  matters,  he  commanded  their 
respect  by  his  learning  and  moderation, 
and  their  esteem  hv  his  kindness. 

In  the  year  I7J>7  he  resigned  the  prcben- 
dal  stall,  in  consequence  of  his  acceptance 
of  the  Mastership  of  the  Temple,  a  situ- 
ation of  all  others  for  which  be  was  pecu. 
liaHy  fitted,  and  which  had  been  offered 
find  even  urged  upon  him  by  Mr.  Pitt.  Dr. 
liennell  felt  all  the  deep  responsibility  be 
was  incurring  in  accepting  this  important 
])o^t,  but  was  encouraged  in  the  attempt 
by  the  friends  who  were  best  acquainted 
with  him,  especially  by  Dr.  Tomline,  the 
liishop  of  Lincoln.  How  worthily  be 
lultiUcd  the  duties  of  the  Mastership 
many  now  living  am  be«t  testify.     They 


consist  chiefly  in  preaching  during  the 
terms;   and   the    profound   learning  and 
fervid  eloquence  of  his  discourses  are  still 
remembered.        lie    ever   regarded  this 
period   of  his   professional  labours  with 
satisfaction  and  pleasure  in  after  life.     It 
brought  him  into  contact  with  congenial 
minds,  and  he  enjoyed  the  friendship  and 
respect  of  an  Eldon,a  Stowell,a  Kenyon, 
an  Erskine,  and  a  host  of  other  able  and 
high-minded  lawyers  of  that  day.      He 
was  also  fond  of  and  courted  the  society  of 
the  students  and  younger  part  of  the  Bar ; 
to  whom,   in  their  early  career,  he  was 
most  kind  and  attentive,  and  of  consum- 
niatc  service  to  the  cause  of  genuine  reli- 
gion, in   enabling  those    who  consulted 
him  to  meet  the  arguments  of  its  oppo- 
nents, and  in  directing  the  attention  of 
fair  inquirers,  anxious    to    satisfy  their 
reason  upon  the  evidences  of  Christianity 
during  their    few   leisure   hours,  in    the 
most  compendious  manner,  to  the  nearest 
and   best  sources  of  information.      He 
never  shunned  the  acquaintance  of  a  voung 
man    whose    inquiring    mind   miyit  be 
tainted  with   sceptical    notions,  on   that 
account,  and  many,  it  is  believed,  were  led 
to  sincere  belief  by  his  aid.  In  the  follow- 
ing year  he  took  his  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  at  Cambridge,  and  preached  the 
commencement  sermon,  in  which  he  ex- 
posed the  tendency  of  the  wide  spreading 
doctrines  of  the   French  revolution,  and 
denounced  them  in  a  strain  of  such  vigor- 
ous and    argumentative  eloquence  as  to 
excite  the    admiration  and  gratitude  of 
every  lover  of  religion  and  order,  and  to 
call  forth  the   abuse   and  never  ceasing 
enmity  of  the  Jacobinical  party  in  this 
country.      It  was  on  this  occasion  that 
Mr.    Pitt  applied  to  him  the  term  of 
**  the  Demosthenes  of  the  pulpit." 

In  1905  he  was  promoted  by  that  con- 
stant and  kind  friend  to  the  Deanery  of 
Winchester,  an  appointment  equally  ho- 
nourable to  his  patron  and  himself ;  for 
Dr.  llennell  had  for  many  years  been  an 
active,  ardent,  and  effectual  opponent  to 
the  claims  of  the  Roman  Catholics,  the 
granting  of  which  had  been  a  favourite 
scheme  of  policy  with  Mr.  Pitt,  and  upon 
which  point  not  long  before  he  bad  been 
obliged  to  retire  from  office.  Dr.  Ren- 
nell  never  compromised  bis  sentiments  on 
this  great  question  either  in  substance  or 
degree,  and  his  honesty  and  zeal  were  ap- 
preciated by  that  great  minister.  All 
the  duties  of  his  new  station  were  per- 
formed in  the  most  exemplary  manner, 
for  his  heart  was  interested  in  them.  He 
loved  the  solemnity  of  the  choral  service, 
and  gave  effect  to  it  by  his  impressive 
voice,  and  continued  to  a  late  period  to 
speak  from  the  pulpit  as  one  deeply  con- 
cerned in  the  salyation  of  himself  and 


656 


OBxrrART.— Df .  RelmeU,  Dem  of  WlAiAi^tr.         [June, 


others.  In  the  Cathedral  some  of  his 
best  sermons  were  preached,  particularly 
that  '^  on  gaming/*  the  most  celebrated 

f>erbaps,  and  which  has  had  a  wider  circu- 
ation  than  any  one  he  published.  It  was 
in  his  time  that  the  extensive  repairs,  by 
i/lrhich  so  much  was  done  to  obviate  decay 
and  to  restore  the  beauty  of  the  fabric  of 
that  splendid  pile,  took  place.  In  1827 
Dr.  Rennell  resigned  the  Mastership  of 
the  Temple,  being  unable,  from  growing 
infirmity,  any  longer  to  perform  the  duties 
satisfactorily  to  his  own  conscience.  On 
this  occasion  he  addressed  to  each  of  the 
two  societies  a  letter  replete  with  deep 
feeling  and  nervous  energy,  which  was 
afterwards  printed,  together  with  the  kind 
comjplimentary  answers  to  it. 

'liie  evening  of  his  existence  was 
passed  chiefly  at  Winchester,  where  he 
exercised  a  plain  and  generous  hospitality, 
especially  to  strangers ;  living  on  the 
kindest  terms  with  all  around,  and  re- 
spected and  esteemed  by  the  body  he  had 
presided  over  for  so  many  years,  and  by 
all  tBi  surrounding  clergy.  Late  in  life 
he  experienced  severe  domestic  affliction, 
for  he  lived  to  mourn  the  death  of  his  be- 
loved wife  and  of  two  sons,  both  of  rare 
endowments;  which,  although  it  bowed 
liim  down,  never  took  from  him  that  steady 
cheerfulness,  so  peculiar  an  element  in 
a  Christian's  mind. 

He  came  at  length  to  his  grave  in  full 
years,  *<  like  as  a  shock  of  com  cometh 
in  its  season,**  to  enter  upon  the  reward 
of  a  long  and  useful  life,  spent  in  the 
service  of  his  Redeemer  and  the  glory  of 
God.     He  has  left  one   son    and    two 
daughters  to  feel  the  loss  of  such  a  parent 
Ab  a  theologian  and  a  scholar,  in  the 
most  comprehensive  sense  of  the  words, 
Dr.  Rennell  was  perhaps  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  and  accomplished  men  of  his 
age ;  few  persons  have  read  and  digested 
so  much,  and  being  endowed  with  an  ex. 
traordinary  memory  his  stores  were  always 
at  hand  for  his  own  or  for  others*  use. 
The  philosophy  of  antiquity,  especially 
that  of  Plato,  whom  he  regarded  as  **  on 
the  very  threshold  of  Christianity,*'  he 
had  studied  deeply,  and  its  bearings  on 
the    Christian    religion    had    been    well 
weighed  in  his  thoughtful  mind.     He  was 
intimately  acquainted  with  the  writings 
of  the  fathers,  and  the  whole  range  of 
the  great  theological  writers  of  the  Eng. 
lish  church,  the  masculine  tone  of  whose 
minds  was  in  perfect  unison  with  his  own. 
He  was  also  well  read  in  foreign  divinity. 
As  a  scholar  he  was  deep  and  accurate, 
without   having  entered  much  into  the 
minutiae  of  verbal  criticism,  to  the  uses  as 
well  as  abuses  of  which,  however,  he  was 
fully  sensible;  while  the  study  of  it  was 
12 


uncongenial  to  his  vigorous  understanding, 
which  would  always  rather  be  dealing  win 
matter  than  words.   lii  the  clasaical  woild 
Homer  was  his  great  favourite,  and  hardly 
second  stood  Sbakspeare,  of    whom  be 
would  sav  that  his  divinity  was  sound  And 
good.   Nor  was  he  less  extensively  rened 
in  history,  than  in  other  branches  of  lite- 
rary knowledge.     He   had   collected  la 
extensive  and  noble  library  which  micht 
have  been  regarded  as  an   epitome  ofnii 
mind.     Theology,  classics,  both  andaK 
and  modern,  and  history,  formed  the  staak 
commodity ;  to  which  were  added   (eo- 
piouslv)  biography,  voyages  and  travels 
and  elegant  literature  m   all  languages; 
and,  altnough  there  were  many  very  ^pfai- 
did  editions,  especially  of  favourite  au- 
thors, all  were  for  ate;  there  was  hardly 
to  be  found  one  mere  eurioeity. 

In  his  character  as  a  Coristian,  Dr. 
Rennell  was  a  nuin  of  deep  and  ferveit 
piety,  free  from  the  slightest  taint  of  &- 
naticism.  His  benevolence,  springliv 
warm  from  the  heart,  was  of  a  practicsl 
kind,  and  in  his  charities  he  \i-as  muni. 
ficent. 

In  social  Intercourse  his  conversattoo 
was  full,  and  rich  in  anecdote ;  and  he 


fond  to  the  latest  period  of  his  life  of  seeisg 
his  friends  around  him.  To  borroW  tile 
words  of  a  person  distinguished  ftSt  cUtsd- 
cal  and  lenl  attainments,  now  high  in  sta- 
tion,  **  What  a  treasure  of  recollectioiis 
and  anecdotes  of  byegone  days  are  gone 
with  him ;  what  a  feature  in  Winchester, 
what  a  centre  for  how  many  friends  of 
diflTerent  ages!** 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  one  volume  of 
discourses,  chiefly  preached  at  the  Tem- 
ple, is  all  that  Dr.  Rennell  ever  published 
with  his  name  attached. 

Dr.  Rennell  was  presented  to  the  rec- 
tory of  St.  Magnus,  London  firidge,  1792, 
which  he  resigned  in  1808 ;  to  the  rectory 
of  Alton,  Hants,  in  1809 ;  and  to  the  vi- 
oarage  of  Barton  Stacy,  Hants,  in  1814. 

Thomas  Drummond,  Esq. 

Anril  15.  At  the  Viceregal  Lodge, 
in  the  Phowiix  Park,  Dublin,  Captain 
Thomas  Drummond,  Under  Secretary 
of  State  for  IreUnd. 

Few  men  combined  so  numy  high  and 
sound  qualiflcations  as  Mr.  Drummond 
for  the  discbarge  of  \'aried  and  important 
public  duties.  His  scientiflc  reputation 
18  associated  with  the  tight  which  bears 
his  name,  and  whidi  conferred  celebrity 
upon  him  before  his  talents  had  ilrawn 
him  conspicuously  into  the  sphere  of 
political  and  official  labours.  Larly  dis- 
tinguished  by  his  mathematical  attain, 
ments,  he  displaved  throughout  the  whole 
of  the  responsible  employnents  to 


1843]      Obituary. —  T.  Drummond,  Esq. — J.  Hinckesnum,  Esq,       657 

son  of  Richard  Hinckesman,  gent«  and 
Ann  his  wife,  of  Overwood  in  the  parish 
of  Neen  Savage  in  that  county,  and  born 
in  1747.  He  was  in  his  early  life  the 
worthy  agent  of  the  Actons  of  Aldenham, 
and  continued  to  transact  the  business  of 
that  family,  and  of  others,  with  great 
punctuality  and  propriety  towards  his  em- 
ployers, and  with  great  honour  and  credit 
to  himself,  till  his  principal  at  Aldenham, 
in  the  long  turn  of  life,  and  great  age,  be- 
came unable  to  keep  and  conduct  himself 
in  the  usual  line  of  correctness,  and  proper 
sense  of  discretion,  when  Mr.  Hinckes- 
man  retired  from  that  concern.  He  was 
eminently  loyal  to  the  sovereigns  it  was 
his  happiness  to  live  under,  and  greatly 
attached  to  the  church  of  England,  being 
paternally  descended  from  several  of  its 
worthy  divines.  When  menacing  danger 
threatened  thegovemment,andthe  country 
became  alarmed,  he  was  at  all  times  ready 
to  meet  the  assessed  subsidies,  which  at 
length  so  materially  assisted  to  put  down 
the  tyrant  of  Europe.  Placing  himself 
and  horse  in  martial  array,  he  marched 
into  the  ranks  of  a  regiment  of  cavalry,  to 
defend  the  state,  and  all  its  institutions 
by  law  established,  having  a  strong  pa« 
triotic  desire  to  exist  or  perish  with  them. 
Thus  he  contributed  to  fill  the  martial 
ranks  of  his  sovereign  during  the  whole 
period  of  the  two  List  wars.     The  im* 


he  was  subsequently  called,  that  clearness 
and  precision  of  purpose,  which  an 
understanding,  originally  masculine  and 
vigorous,  might  be  expected  to  derive 
from  a  mental  discipline  so  searching  and 
jirartical.  The  schedules  of  the  Reform 
law  were  based  upon  Mr.  Drummond^s 
culrulations  the  accuracy  of  which  weire 
unshaken  by  the  opponents  of  that  great 
constitutional  measure.  While  he  held 
the  office  of  private  secretary  to  Lord 
Althorp,  then  Chancellor  of  the  Exche- 
quer, bis  assiduous  devotion  to  the  public 
service  justly  acquired  for  him  that 
marked  confidence  which  afterwards  led, 
in  the  changes  of  the  administration,  to 
his  appointment  as  Under  Secretary  for 
Ireland.  In  his  private  capacity  Mr. 
I)riunmond  was  much  esteemed  by  men 
who  were  strongly  opposed  to  his  politi- 
cal opinion'i,  and  by  those  who  had  offi- 
cial dealings  with  him  he  was  much  re* 
spected  fur  his  prompt  business-like 
hahits  and  kind  demeanour  at  all  times. 
On  the  2 1st  of  Apnl  his  remains  were 
removed  from  the  Lodge  in  Phoenix  Park 
to  Mount  Jerome  Ometery.  The  fune- 
ral procession,  which  consisted  of  up- 
wards of  l.j()  carriages,  and  some  few  cars, 
left  the  Park  about  1 1  o'clock.  The  prin- 
cip  il  mourners  were  his  brother  Mr.  John 
Druminond,  Air.  Brady  the  Attorney-ge- 
neral, and  Mr.  Pigotthe  Solicitor-general, 
in  the  first  carri  tge ;  his  Excellency  the 
Lord  Lieutenant  and  Lord  Morpeth  in 
the  second  carriaj^e.  The  pall-bearers 
were  the  Lord  C'hancellor,  Sir  M. 
O'Loughlin,  Master  of  the  Rolls,  Lord 
Morpeth,  Judges  Perrin,  Rail,  and 
Richards,  and  .Major- (ten.  Sir  J.  Bur- 
goyne.  Amongst  the  train  of  carriages 
were  also  tho^^e  of  the  Duke  of  lj<'inster, 
the  Karl  of  Ro^^common,  Earl  of  Charle- 
mont.  Lord  (3loncurry.  Lord  Ventry,  the 
Archbishop  of  Dublin  (Dr.  Whateley), 
the  Bishop  of  ('nshel,  Mr.  Daniel  O'Con- 
nell,  M.P.,  Mr.  Henry  Gratfan,  M.P., 
the  O'Conor  Don,  M. P. .Mr.  F.  French, 
M.F.,  Mr.  James  Power,  M.P.,  the 
Provost  of  Trinity  (-ollege,  the  Chief 
Remembrancer,  Sir  Edward  Blakeney, 
(.'ommander  of  the  Forces,  Sir  J.  Mur- 
ray, ('olonels  d'Aguilar,  Halloway,  Thos. 
White,  W.  Smith,  Sir  Guy  Campbell, 
Sir  'I  homas  Esmond,  Serieant  Green, 
Dr.  Anster,  LL.D.  &r.  '1  he  procession 
imswed  through  the  principal  streets  of 
Dublin,  and  reached  the  cemetery  about 
half -past  \2  o'clock. 

John  Hisckksman,  Esq. 

Aprif  H.  At  West  wood  in  the  parish  of 
Old  bury  near  Bridgenorth,  co.  Salop,  aged 
D3,  John  Hinckesman,  esq.  of  that  place. 

He  was  the  younger  and  last  surviving 

Glnt.  Mag.  Vol.  Xlll. 


portant  privileges  and  liberties  of  his 
country  ne  deemed  no  sacrifice  too  much 
to  preserve,  and  defend ;  and  it  was  bis 
ardent  wish  to  see  the  arts  and  sciences 
of  his  country  flourish  in  his  day,  and  his 
prayer  was  that  tbe^  might  continue  so  to 
do  to  the  end  of  time.  He  was  highly 
respected  by  his  friends  and  neighboars, 
exhibiting  himself  at  all  times,  with  ft 

f generous  feeling  towards  all  laudable  pub- 
ic pursuits,  and  towards  the  poor  of  his 
neighbourhood,  being  hospitable  to  all. 
His  habits  were  early,  his  exercise  re- 
gular and  continuous,  and  his  diet  mode* 
rate.  He  lost  his  sight  about  two  years 
before  his  death.  He  possessed  a  valu- 
able  memento  of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Samuel 
Johnson  of  Lichfield,  the  great  writer 
and  critic, — nothing  less  extraordinary 
than  that  learned  man*s  fowling-piece. 
It  came  into  the  family  by  purchase  of 
Mr.  Charles  Hinckesman  tbe  deceased's 
brother,  at  the  doctor's  sale  at  his  house 
in  Lichfield,  Mr.  Cbsrles  Hinckesman 
being  the  subsequent  occupier  till  his 
death.  The  deceased  was  one  of  the  two 
existing  trustees  of  the  free  school  of 
Neen  Savage,  in  which  parish  his  ances- 
tors had  resided  roanv  years  upon  their 
estate  which  descended  to  him.  His 
Christian  code  was  **  Fear  God,  honour 
tbe  King ;  and  do  unto  all  nen  as  you 

4P 


658 


Obituary. — Alexander  Naamyth,  Exq. 


[Jan 


would  they  vbould  do  unto  you."  lie 
wai  interred  in  the  family  vault  in  the 
cemeterv  of  Oldbury  on  Thursday  the  23d 
of  i\prif|  wbert'  a  great  number  of  towns 
people  from  HridKenorth  as  well  as  neigh- 
bours had  assfUibled  to  see  the  last  rite 
performed  U])on  an  individual,  who  had 
for  nearly  a  cviitury  been  a  close  resident, 
and  for  a  considerable  lime  a  daily  visitor 
to  that  town,  and  a  constant  attendant 
inquirer  into  the  state  of  its  inarketff. 

Allxandkr  N  a  SMYTH,  Erq. 

April  10.  In  York-place,  Edinburgh, 
aged  b3,  Alexander  Nasmyth,  esq.,  the 
much  vent-rated  father  of  the  Seottisth 
School  of  Landscape  Painting. 

Mr.  Nasmyth  was  bom  in  Edinburgh, 
where  he  received  his  elementary  educa- 
tion. In  his  youth  he  went  to  London, 
and  became  the  apprenticed  pupil  of  Allan 
Ramsay  (son  of  the  poet),  at  thai  period 
one  of  the  most  esteemed  portrait  painters 
of  the  metropolis.  He  afterwards  visited 
Italy,  where  he  pursued  his  studies  tor 
several  years,  in  the  society  of  the  best 
Roman  artists  of  the  time,  and  in  the 
fellowship  of  some  contemporary  students 
from  England,  whose  names  have  since 
become  classic  in  English  art.  While 
ostensibly  studying  his  chosen  depart- 
ment of  historical  and  ])ortniit  painting, 
he  was  led  by  his  natural  bias  to  landsoipe, 
though  rather  from  pleasure  than  any 
lateral  professional  design,  to  fill  many 
portfolios  with  careful  and  elaborate  draw- 
ings of  the  ancient  ruins,  the  more  modern 
palaces,  churches,  and  other  ediiices,  and 
the  exquisite  landscapes  of  Italy.  Nor 
was  the  study  of  the  great  masters  dis- 
regarded or  neglected  by  him ;  on  the 
contrary,  besides  numberless  sketches,  he 
carried  home  with  him  a  roost  refined 
percej)tion  of  the  peculiar  excellence  of 
each,  and  his  conversation  on  the  various 
works  was  equally  distinguished  by  the 
skill  of  the  professional  connoisseur  and 
the  apprehension  of   the    well-educated 

fentleman.  His  eminent  countryman,  Sir 
)avid  Wilkie,  who  ever  regarded  the 
character  of  his  respected  father  in  art 
with  great  veneration,  having  met  him 
shortly  after  his  own  return  from  Italy— 
his  mind  full  of  the  glories  of  ancient  art 
— afterwards  expressed  both  surprise  and 
admiration  at  the  extent  of  observation, 
the  exactness  of  memory,  and  justness  of 
criticism,  with  which  Mr.  Nasmyth  com- 
mented upon  those  celebrated  works, 
which  he  could  not  have  seen  for  at  least 
fifty  years  previous. 

Having  retnrned  to  his  native  city,  he 
commenced  practising,  with  great  success, 
as  a  portrait  painter,  and  had  the  honour 
of  pourtraying  many  of  the  most  distin- 


guished  men  and  women  of  his  time.  Tobi« 
friendship  with  Bums  the  world  is  indebted 
for  the  only  authentic  portrait  which  exists 
of  the  great  Scottish  poet.  His  passion 
for  landscape,  however,  had  been  gradual- 
ly gaining  ground ;  and  the  pleasure  he 
had  in  executing  some  of  bis  earlier  land- 
scapes, and  the  applause  with  which  they 
were  received,  led  him  for  the  most  part 
to  abandon  portrait,  and  give  himself  up 
to  his  favourite  pursuit.  The  distinetife 
characteristics  of  his  chaste  and  elegant 
compositions  are  well  known  ;  his  industry 
and  popularity  have  been  so  unceasing, 
that  there  is  hardly  a  mansion-house  in 
England  or  Scotland,  besides  more  hum- 
ble domiciles  innumerable,  on  whose  walls 
a  smiling  production  of  Nasmyth  is  not  to 
be  iound. 

As  he  numbered  among,  his  early  em- 
ployers many  of  the  noble  and  wealthy  of 
Scotland,  he  became  a  frequent  visitor  at 
their  country  mansions,  where  his  general 
as  well  as  his  professional  talents  made 
him  an  honoured  and  cherished  guest. 
On  these  occasions  his  ever  active  mind 
found  an  agreeable  relaxation  in  suggest. 
ing  improvements  connected  with  the 
scenic  efifects  of  garden,  park,  and  other 
pleasure  grounds  ;  and,  as  these  sugges- 
tions were  mnde  with  equal  genius  and 
soundness  of  judgment,  and  had  ever  ft 
due  regard  to  practicability  and  economy  in 
execution,  they  were,  to  a  very  great  extent, 
adopted  by  proprietors,  to  the  manifest  im- 
provement in  the  beauty  of  their  domains. 
His  celebrity  in  this  delightful  depart- 
ment of  art,  which  can  be  successfully 
exercised  only  by  those  skilful  in  the 
composition  of  landscape,  but  which,  for 
years,  he  only  practised  as  an  amateur, 
from  a  desire  to  gratify  many  noble  and 
generous  patrons,  eventually  made  his 
advice  to  be  so  frequently  sought  for,  in 
these  matters,  as  to  cause  too  serious  in- 
roads to  be  made  on  his  time.  He  vas 
thus  induced  to  adopt  it  as  a  lucrative 
branch  of  his  profession.  To  hit  sug- 
gestions and  plans,  and  to  the  principles 
he  promulgated,  much  of  the  beautv  of 
some  of  the  finest  park  scenery  of  oeot- 
land  is  to  be  attributed. 

The  improvement  of  his  native  citj  in 
])icturesquc  and  architectural  elegance 
was  ever  one  of  his  most  iavourite  topici 
of  study,  and  of  evening  convemtlOD. 
Not  a  few  of  the  most  ingenious  and 
beneficial  changes  in  the  street  architec- 
ture of  Edinburgh  may  be  traced  to  his 
invention ;  and  he  has  left  behind  him 
numberless  sketches  of  partiallv  ekecuted 
or  suggested  improvements,  which  demon- 
strate how  very  much  he  was  iqterHited 
in  the  embellishment  of  that  OMMt  ro- 
mantic of  cities,  and  hpv  aiach  Uf  nfe- 


1840.] 


Obituary. — Alexander  Nasmytk,  Esq* 


659 


mory  and  services,  in  this  particular,  de- 
serve the  respect  of  his  fellow-citizens. 

For  many  years  he  employed  u  consi- 
derable portion  of  his  time  in  giving^  tuition 
at  his  hou'ie  in  the  (U'inciples  and  practice 
of  his  art  (so  important  in  purifyini^  and 
directing  the  springs  of  public  taste)  ;  and 
of  his  merits  in  this  department  we  are 
assured,  by  the  tc>timonyof  many  accom- 

f)lished  persons  who  benefited  largely  by 
lis  instructions,  and  by  the  fact  that  he 
received  a  larger  income  from  this  source 
than  any  teacher  who  has  yet  succeeded 
him.  His  life  has  been  so  fur  extended 
that  one  generation  of  those  of  his  disci. 
pies  who  have  adopted  art  as  a  profession 
have  been  distinguished  rather  as  his  suc- 
cessful rivals  than  as  his  scholars.  Most 
of  the  living  landscape  painters  of  Scot- 
land are,  however,  in  some  measure  sprung 
from  his  schoul,and  dthough  his  peculiar 
manner  is  not  to  be  traced  in  their  works, 
we  believe  that  all  of  them  acknowledge 
and  retain  the  highest  respect  for  the 
soundness  and  simplicity  of  those  prin- 
ciples and  instructions  which  he  enforced, 
er|iially  by  his  niiixims  and  practice,  and 
by  alternate  reference  to  nature  and  the 
great  niasters. 

Hut  the  value  of  his  instnirtions  as  a 
master  can  receive  no  better  illastration 
than  in  the  evidence  afforded  by  tiie  emi- 
ncMce  ot  several  of  his  own  family.  The 
land-capt's  of  the  late  Mr.  Patrick  Nas- 
mytli,  his  eldest  son,  who  was  cut  off"  by 
(h'ath  in  the  prime  of  manhood,  are  un- 
rivitlied  by  tho>ie  of  any  living  artist,  in 
their  |)eculiar  and  highly  beautiful  walk  of 
Kiiglish  runil  and  forest  scenery.  Pos- 
sessing a  character  intensely  English, 
many  of  them  v\c  with  the  work^  of 
Kuysdael  and  llobbima ;  not  a  few 
have  been  sold  for  more  than  ten 
times  the  sum  which  the  artist  received 
for  them,  and  they  continue  to  rise  in  the 
estimation  of  the  first  collectors  in  Eng. 
land.  The  genius  of  Anne,  on  whom  the 
mantle  of  her  deceased  brother  neemed  to 
have  descended,  was  rapidly  conducting 
her  to  professional  eminence,  when  her 
marriage  with  Mr.  Bennett,  an  eminent 
rrtgineer  in  Manchester,  transferred  those 
talents,  from  which  the  public  e.x|)ected 
so  murh,  to  the  adoriunent  of  private  so- 
ciety. The  artistic  acquirements  of  Mrs. 
Richardson,  formerly  Mrs.  Terry,  which 
«he  had  not  exercised  professionally  during 
Mr.  Terry*s  life,  were,  with  a  feeling 
of  independence  becoming  her  father's 
daughter,  nobly  and  successfully  exerted 
in  behalf  of  her  family,  on  her  husband's 
misfortunes  and  death.  The  compositions 
of  Jane  have,  within  the  last  few  years, 
evinced  great  study  and  consequent  im- 
provement, and  they  are  now  cbaracterixed 


by  great  richness  in  detail,  chastened  by  a 
refined  and  even  classic  elegance  of  ar- 
rangement. Nor  are  the  pictures  of 
Margaret  and  Barbara  undistinguished  by 
similar  characteristics ;  while  Charlotte, 
the  youngest  daughter,  is  successfully  fol- 
lowing the  track  of  her  eminent  brother. 
George  and  James,  the  two  youngest  of 
the  family,  who  have  inherited  their  me- 
chanical genius  from  their  father,  were 
also,  at  an  early  period,  initiated  in  the 
principles  of  art.  This  they  industriously 
applied  in  eUborate  delineations  of  ma- 
chinery and  architecture,  by  means  of 
which  they  were  enabled,  during  their 
studies  as  engineers,  to  lay  up,  for  their 
future  practice,  great  store  of  valuable 
working  drawings  ;  and,  on  their  com- 
mencing business  on  their  oun  account, 
to  plan,  and  entirely  to  construct,  without 
any  other  professional  assistance,  their 
own  magnificent  and  beautiful  establish- 
ment, an  edifice  capable  of  accommodating 
700  workmen.  They  are  now  the  leading 
partners  in  the  firm  of  Nasmyths,  Gaskell 
and  Co.  engineers,  Patricroft,  near  Man- 
Chester,  a  bouse  originally  reared  upon 
the  reputation  of  James's  brilliant  pro- 
fessional genius,  and  that  of  the  great 
ability,  indomitable  perseverance,and  bifffa 
principle  of  both  brothers.  It  now  ranks 
among  the  most  eminent  in  England,  and 
has  executed  most  important  commissions 
for  our  own  Government,  and  those  of 
most  of  the  other  nations  of  Europe.  We 
may  mention  that  James,  besides  evincing 
consummate  ability  in  several  departments 
of  science  totally  unconnected  with  his 
arduous  profession,  has  it  also  in  his 
power,  if  his  time  would  permit,  to  prove 
himself  a  great  artist.  The  sketches  which 
he  executes  in  his  hours  of  relaxarion  are 
most  masterly,  and  the  subjects  be  selects 
are  equally  varied,  original,  and  poetic. 

Mr.  Nasmyth  took  an  active  interest 
in  all  the  institutions  established  in  Edin- 
burgh for  the  promotion  of  art.  He  was 
one  of  the  few  distinguished  members  of 
the  original  Society  of  Scottish  Artists ; 
he  was  one  of  the  first  elected  associatea 
of  the  Royal  Institution,  tu  whose  ex- 
hibitions he  became  a  principal  contri- 
butor ;  and,  although  bis  great  age  at  the 
period  of  the  union  of  the  artists  of  that 
Dody  with  the  Royal  Scottish  Academy, 
prevented  his  joining  their  institution,  he 
allowed  himself  to  be  named  as  an  honorary 
member,  and  ever  conrinued  to  feel  deeply 
interested  in  its  prosperity.  Shortly  De- 
fore  bis  last  illness,  a  few  of  the  mem- 
bi*rs  of  the  Academy,  having  agreed  to 
subscribe  for  the  purpose,  requested  him 
to  sit  to  Mr.  Duncan  for  hit  portrait, 
which  it  was  their  intention  to  present  to 
the  collection  of  the  Academy,  oat  of  a 


660 


Obituary. — Alexander  Noimifth,  Esq. 


[JoDe, 


feeling  of  gntitude  and  retpect  for  hit 
MtrioHc  lemces  to  Scottish  art.  He 
Dad  given  his  consent  to  their  request, 
which  he  considered  a  high  honour,  but  it 
came  too  late  to  be  effected. 

It  was  ever  his  desire  to  keep  up  the 
most  friendly  relations  with  his  brethren 
in  art ;  he  hud  the  honour  to  rank  among 
his  friends  the  most  distinguished  artists 
of  his  time,  both  at  Edinburgh  and  in  the 
metropolis  ;  and  he  had  great  delight  in 
pointing  out,  and  in  descanting  upon, 
their  various  excellencies.  Young  artists 
who  sought  his  society  ever  found  in  him 
a  kind  and  courteous  companion  and  ad- 
viser,  and  all  received  an  unvarying  wel- 
come in  that  unostentatious  hospitality 
which  ever  animated  his  evening  domestic 
circle.  His  general  information  (in  which 
he  kept  abreast  of  society) — his  accurate 
reminiscences  of  remarkable  events — his 
numberless  anecdotes  uf  distinguished 
men  of  the  last  and  present  centuries, 
with  many  of  whom  be  had  enjoyed  a 
familiar  intercourse — his  youthful  and  un- 
impaired interest  in  passing  occurrences 
— his  perception  and  appreciation  of  de- 
parted and  contemporary  talent,  in  what- 
ever phase  exhibited — his  masterly  dis- 
quisitions  on  the  works  of  the  great  mas. 
ters  in  his  own  art,  rendered  his  conver. 
■ation,  seasoned  as  it  was  with  humour, 
wit,  and  originality  of  remark,  in  the 
highest  degree  agreeable  and  instructive. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  the  occupations 
and  amusements  of  his  children,  and  the 
most  juvenile  of  their  associates,  and  was 
considered  b^  them  as  much  their  com- 
panion as  their  instructor. 

It  is  pleasing  to  observe,  from  his  very 
latest  works,  that  the  fineness  of  his  in- 
tellect  and  the  freshness  of  his  fancy  con- 
tinued unimpaired,  and  that  these  actually 
appear  to  have  given  that  wonted  anima- 
tion and  decision  to  his  pencil  which  his 
general  debility  would  seem  to  have  ren- 
dered impossible.  His  last  picture  but 
one,  *'  The  Bridge  of  Augustus,*'  as  well 
as  others  now  on  the  walls  of  the  Royal 
Scottish  Academy,  will  sustain  the  accu- 
racy of  this  observation. 

In  the  little  story  of  his  last  work  of 
all,  there  is  something  buth  remarkable 
and  affecting.  A  few  days  before  he  was 
taken  ill,  be  expressed  himself  to  his 
daughter  Jane  as  somewhat  at  a  loss  what 
to  paint ;  at  last  he  said  he  would  paint 
a  little  picture,  which  he  would  call 
**  Going  Home."  He  immediately  com- 
menced a  landscape  under  a  quiet  after- 
noon or  evening  effect.  The  grey  clouds 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  sky  mingle  with 
some  dark  and  not  very  distant  hills  ;  in 
the  middle  ground    is  a  lonely  retired 


cottage,  with  the  smoke  rising  from  its 
rustic  chimney,  shewing  that  the  evenin|^ 
meal  is  preparing  to  welcome  the  return 
of  the  master.  In  the  fore^ound  is  an 
ancient  oak  tree,  surrounded  by  some 
vouoger  denizens  of  the  forest,  who  may 
have  sprung  from  it ;  among  them  is  a 
tall  though  blasted  stem  of  what  might 
have  proved  a  stately  tree.  One  of  the 
great  arms  of  the  oak,  bearing  a  look  of 
decay,  droops  over  a  dancing  stream 
which  gambols  past,  under  a  broken  rus- 
tic bridge,  on  which,  supporting  himself 
by  the  slender  railing,  and  accompanied 
by  his  faithful  dog,  which  looks  round* 
impatient  at  his  dilatory  step,  an  old  la- 
bourer, having  finished  his  day's  work,  i* 
seen  **  going  home.**  It  is  a  touching 
little  picture,  even  apart  from  the  circum- 
stances under  which  it  was  produced. 
We  need  not  say  it  is  considered  an  in- 
valuable  treasure  by  his  family. 

Although  retaining,  in  their  full  vigour, 
his  high  intellectual  faculties,  bis  occa- 
sional physical  debility  for  the  last  few 
years  evinced  too  plainly  the  wearing  out 
of  the  mortal  machinery.     He  was  seized 
with  his  last  illness  about  five  weeks  be- 
fore his  death.      He  met  his  death  with 
calmness  and  dignity,  and,  as  far  as  great 
bodily  suffering  would  allow,  with  con- 
tentment and  happiness ;  saying,  that  he 
had  lived  long  enough,  and  could  not  die 
at  a  better  period  than  when  surrounded 
by  affectionate  and  dutiful  children,  whose 
eminence  and  prosperity  he  had  lived  to 
rejoice  in. 

It  were  difficult  to  calcukte  the  amount 
of  elegant  and  "  unreproved  pleasures,'* 
which  the  multitudinous  works  of  Na- 
smyth  have  diffused  over  this  country. 
The  eloquent  and  philosophical  affirma- 
tion  of  Lord  Jeffrey,  on  a  late  festival 
connected  with  the  fine  arts,  that  the 
artist  is  to  be  considered  as  among  the 
greatest  moral  benefactors  of  society, 
miy,  we  think,  receive  an  illustrative 
confirmation  in  the  life  and  professional 
practice  of  the  subject  of  our  notice. 

Mr.  Nasmyth,  soon  after  his  return 
from  Italy,  married  the  sister  of  Sir  James 
Foulis  ot  Woodhall,  Colinton.  She  still 
survives,  the  benevolent  and  much  re- 
spected mother  of  his  numerous  and 
talented  family.  Along  with  the  young 
ladies  her  daughters,  she  leaves  Edin- 
burgh  to  reside  permanently  at  the  resi- 
dence of  her  eldest  son,  near  Manchester. 
We  are  certain  they  will  carry  with  them' 
the  sympathies  and  good  wishes  of  the 
citizens  of  Edinburgh,  to  many  of  whom 
their  domestic  virtues,  no  less  thah  their 
talents,  have  lastingly  endeared  them. 

{Edinburgh  Courant,) 


1840.] 


Obituary.— Afr.  William  Pitts. 


661 


Mr.  William  Pitts. 

April  16.  At  Piinlico,  aged  50,  Mr. 
William  Pitts,  an  eminent  sculptor  and 
atniable  man. 

Mr.  Pitts  was  born  in  1790,  and  like 
many  of  the  early  Italian  sculptors  com- 
niericed  his  career  as  a  chaser  in  silver, 
bcin^  apprenticed  to  his  father.  He  ob- 
taiiii  d  the  gold  Isis  medal  from  the  Society 
of  Arts  in  1812,  for  modelling  two  war- 
riors. His  earliest  work  of  celebrity  was  a 
great  portion  of  the  Wellington  Shield,  de- 
«»igried  by  Stothard,  for  Messrs.  Green  and 
Ward,  and  ht^  afterwards  chased  the 
Shit'id  of  Achilles,  designed  by  Flaxman, 
under  whose  direction  it  was  executed. 
This  inagniticent  work  of  art  was  produced 
for  .Messrs.  Kundell  and  Bridge,  and  eli- 
cited the  highest  admiration.  He  also 
modelled  La  ScBur*s  Statue  of  King 
Charles  the  First,  which  was  executed  in 
silver  for  Lord  Arden. 

Mr.  Pitrs  married  at  the  early  age  of 
nineteen,  and  was  obliged  to  apply  him- 
self sedulously  to  his  profession.  He  pro- 
duced, in  rapid  succession,  the  following 
works,  selected  with  the  most  refined 
taste  and  displaying  in  their  conception 
no  ordinary  genius  :  the  Deluge,  a  sketch, 
in  lH:^i;  the  Creation  of  Eve;  Samson 
killing  the  Lion;  Herod*8  Cruelty;  the 
Pleiades,  a  most  beautiful  group  ;  Cupid 
under  the  Mantle  of  Night ;  Pandora 
brought  to  Epimetheus;  and  Puck,  from 
the  Aiidsummer  Night's  Dream. 

In  subjects  of  pure  classical  taste,  he 
stood  unrivalled,  and  his  talents  were 
highly  appreciated  by  the  late  celebrated 
Flaxman,  by  Sir  Richard  Westmacott, 
K.  A.  and  by  Sir  Francis  Chantrey,  R.A. 

Ill  1H29  he  executed  two  bas-reliefs, 
eneh  eight  feet  in  length,  for  Mr.  Sim- 
niouf*  ot  the  Regent's  Park :  the  Rape  of 
I'roserpine ;  and  the  Nuptials  of  Piri- 
thous  and  Hippodamia,  with  the  outrage 
of  the  Centaurs ;  these  have  been  en- 
graved in  outline,  and  are  described  in 
••  The  Knglish  School  of  Art.** 

Mr.  Pitts  had  previously  modelled  the 
Shield  of  J^^neas,  three  feel  six  inches  in 
diameter,  from  the  splendid  description  of 
V^irgil ;  and  some  of  the  compartments, 
execu'ed  in  silver,  have  recently  been  ex- 
hibited at  the  Koyal  Academy.  The  com- 
pletion of  this  work,  valued  at  2,0(.K)/. 
has  been  interrupted  by  his  sudden  death. 

in  1H3I)  he  designed  and  executed  all 
the  buH-reliefs  in  the  bow-room  and  draw- 
ing rooms  of  Buckingham  Palace.  In  the 
first  is  represented  Eloquence  attended 
by  Pleasure  and  Harmony  ;  in  the  north 
room,  the  Origin  and  Progress  of  Plea- 
sure, in  twelve  compartments  ;  and  in  the 
south  room  are  illustrations  of  the  lives 
of  the  poets,  Shakspeare,   Spenser,  and 


Milton.  He  also  submitted  to  Mr.  Nash 
four  designs  of  sculpture  for  the  throne 
room,  their  subjects  from  classical  history. 

A  very  bold  piece  of  sculpture  was  exe- 
cuted  by  him  for  the  pediment  of  St. 
Martin's  vestry  room,  of  St.  Martin  di- 
viding his  cloak  with  the  beggar. 

The  Shield  of  Hercules  from  Hesiod 
he  modelled  in  1834,  and  was  em- 
ployed in  making  drawings  of  the 
several  compartments  for  the  purpose 
of  being  laid  before  the  Emperor  of 
Russia.  A  bas  relief  of  a  succession 
of  the  Sovereigns  of  England  from  Wil- 
liam the  Conqueror  to  William  the  Fourth, 
with  their  several  attributes,  was.exhibited 
in  1837.  In  1839  he  sent  in  a  design  for 
the  Nelson  Memorial  to  the  committee, 
founded  upon  the  description  of  Fame  in 
the  fourth  book  of  the  ^neid  :  — 

"Fame,  the  great  ill,  from  small  beginninn 

grows— 
Swift  from  the  first ;  and  every  moment  brings 
New  vigour  to  her  flights,  new  pinions  to  her 

wings. 
Soon  grows  the  pigmy  to  gigantic  sise : 
Her  feet  on  earth,  her  forehead  in  the  skies." 

A  second  design  for  the  same  purposei 
represented  a  colossal  figure  of  Nelson  on 
a  lofty  pedestal,  in  which  the  sculptor 
aimed  at  the  attainment  of  grandeur  and 
simplicity. 

He  was  at  the  same  time  employed 
upon  five  large  compartments  in  has  relief, 
for  the  front  of  the  Literary  Institution  of 
Leicester ;  the  subjects  of  which  were  the 
Muses  between  the  British  and  Greek 
poets,  and  emblems  of  the  four  quarters  of 
the  globe. 

In  Isleworth  House,  the  seat  of  the  late 
Rev.  Sir  W.  A.Cooper,  Bart,  are  three 
bas-reliefs  by  Mr.  Pitts.  Three  others, 
the  Triumph  of  Innocence,  I^lorawith  the 
Seasons,  and  Pledges  of  Virtue,  are  in  the 
house  of  George  Harrison,  esq.  Carlton 
Gardens.  He  modelled  several  busts ; 
among  which  were  those  of  Capt.  Fitz- 
Herbert  of  Swinnerton,  and  Sir  W. 
Home. 

Mr.  Pitts  designed  with  great  facility ; 
and  in  drawing,  as  well  as  modelling,  used 
equally  the  right  and  the  left  hand,  and  even 
both  at  the  same  time.  He  projected  a 
series  of  illustrations  of  Virgil,  and  com- 
pletpd  the  drawings  in  outline,  but  two 
numbers  of  the  work  only  were  published. 
A  series  of  illustrations  of  Ossian  he  also 
commenced,  and  two  large  plates  were 
engraved  in  mezzotint,  but  it  is  believed 
were  not  published.  He  made  drawings 
in  illustration  of  Horace,  and  for  tiro  of 
the  tragedies  of  Euripides,  Bacchae  and 
Ion.  As  a  proofof  the  extent  and  variety 
of  his  talents,  it  may  be  mentioned  that 
be  painted  two  pictures  on  suhjects  of 


G62 


Obituary.— /l/r.  William  Pitts. — M.  Poisson. 


[Jnne, 


"acred  history,  now  in  the  po^ses^ion  of 
hill  family :  — I  )uvid  find  Saul,  and  the 
Return  of  thu  Prodi i^l  Son. 

At  a  late  period  Mr.  Pitts  executed 
many  works  for  ^oldKmiths,  hi:*  do^iirns 
not  only  iH'ing  highly  ehtimated,  but  a 
method  whioli  he  had  acquired  of  raising 
the  silver,  nro<*urcd  a  detrided  preference 
for  hiit  woricmanNhip.  lie  desif^ned  and 
executed  the  cup  wiiich  was  prc«(ented  to 
Mr.  Charles  Keinhle  on  hin  retiring,'  from 
the  xtu^e  ;  and  a  htrc^e  eiiridied  CHiidelu- 
brum  for  the  Speaker  of  the  House  <}f 
Commons,  in  lH.'i7.  He  also  desi^^ned 
four  candelabra  of  rirh  workmanship  for 
her  Alajcsty  Qiiccn  Adelaide,  and  exc- 
cuted  them  fur  Mossr8.  Storr  and  Morti- 
mer in  If^lit^.  lie  had  previously  modelled 
H  dinner  st>rvi«-e  ior  King  Willi:) in  the 
Fourth,  which  was  produced  in  cliina  by 
Messrs.  Davenport.  lie  executed  in 
silver  several  epergnes  from  a  very  taste- 
ful design,  representing  u  group  of  boys 
bearing  a  basket ;  a  large  salver,  of  a  Louis 
Quatorze  {Mttern,  and  u  round  waiter,  of 
an  Elizabethan  pattern,  were  also  re- 
peated by  him. 

In  1820  Mr.  Pitts  designed  a  shield  in 
relief,  representing  Achilles  casting  lots 
for  a  chariot  race,  and  subsequently 
another,  bearing  on  its  surface  the  siege  of 
Badajos,  with  the  Duke  of  Richmond 
leading  the  trooi>s.  One  of  bis  last  de- 
signs that  was  executed  was  an  enriched 
cup,  knife,  fork,  and  spoon  for  her  Majesty 
Queen  Victoria,  for  presentation  at 
christenings.  His  drawings  were  very 
numerous  in  this  branch  of  art,  and  com- 
prised  almost  every  description  of  orna- 
mental plate.  Shortly  betore  the  death 
of  King  George  the  Fourth,  he  designed 
and  partly  modelled  a  Brunswick  Shield, 
representing  the  King  environed  by  groups 
indicative  of  the  historical  events  in  the 
several  reigns  of  the  House  of  Hanover. 

A  most  beautiful  design  for  a  masonic 
tribute  to  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke 
of  Sussex,  four  feet  high,  is  engraved  and 
described  in  the  Freemasons*  Quarterly 
Review  for  June  1838.  Designs  were 
made  by  Mr.  Pitts  for  candelabra  pre- 
sented to  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  by  the 
Agricultural  Society,  to  Sheriff  Solomons, 
to  Alderman  Wilson  after  his  mayoralty, 
and  to  Stephenson  the  celebrated  en- 
gineer ;  his  last  drawing  was  a  small  ele- 
gant tazza  for  presentation  to  Macready 
the  tragedian. 

The  monuments  of  the  late  Lord  and 
Lady  Boston,  and  of  the  nephew  of  the 
present  Lord  Boston,  of  David  Ricardo, 
Esq.  and  a  cenotaph  to  Mr.  Ricardo's 
grandson  in  Gatcombe  Park,  were  by 
Mr.  Pitts ;  also  the  monuments  of  Dr. 
Young  at    Eton,    Miss   Wainwright  at 


Sandgate,  and  of  the  wife  of  the  Governor 
of  Van  Dieman's  Land. 

The  small  but  beautiful  bas-relief  of 
the  Triumph  of  Ceres  now  exhibiting  at 
the  Royal  A(*ademy,  was  modelled  by 
Mr.  Pitts  in  1829,  and,  as  an  emblem 
of  agricultural  prosperity,  was  probably 
intended  for  the  centre  of  a  salver  for  the 
Agricultural  Society. 

A  rash  engagement  relative  to  a  la- 
borious and  expensive  work,  which  Mr. 
Pitts  had  entered  into,  is  supposed  to  have 
preyed  upon  his  mind  and  to  have  created 
that  depression  under  the  influence  of 
which  he  committed  the  fatad  act  of  ter- 
minating  his  life  by  poison.  Although  his 
works  were  numerous  and  important;  and 
included  many  that  are  not  enumerated  in 
the  preceding  list,  it  is  certain  they  pro- 
duced little  profit.  Mr.  Pitts  suffered 
nmch  from  illness,  and  has  left  a  widow  and 
five  children,  who,  it  is  much  to  be  feared, 
are  totally  unprovided  for. 

M.  PoissoN. 
April 25.  At  Paris,  M.  Poisson,  Pre- 
sident of  the  Academic  des  Sciences,  a 
Peer  of  France,  and  a  Foreign  Member 
of  the  Royal  Society  of  London.      M. 
Poisson   was    born    in    1782;   and   his 
whole  life  may  be  said  to  have  been  con- 
secrated to  the  promotion  of  analytical 
discovery    and    scientific    investigation. 
The  principal  work  by  which  his  name 
became    spread    over    Europe  was  his 
"  Trait6  de  M6canique   Rationelle;"  a 
work  in  which  the  deepest  powers  of 
analytical  calculation  are  made  subservient 
to  the  enunciation  and  demonstration  of 
the  various  branches  of  the  subject ;  and 
which  has  since  become  the  text  book, 
the  tna^um  qpuSf  for  all  who  enter  into 
the  subject  of  mechanics  at  all  profoundly. 
Among  the  other  works  of  M.  Poisson 
may  be  mentioned  his  *'  Researches  on 
Planetary  Perturbations ;"  «  On  the  Os- 
cillations of  Fluids  ;**  **  On  the  Move- 
ment of  Elastic  Fluids  in   Cylindrical 
Tubes ;"  '*  The  Theory  of  Wind  Instru- 
ments ;"  *<  The  Treatise  on  Heat,  and  on 
the  Distribution  of  Heat;"  as  also  his 
**  Essay  on  the  Doctrine  of  Chances." 
In  1825  M.  Poisson  published  his  method 
of  comparing  the  magnetic  condition  of 
the  earth  anterior  to  its  condition  as  now 
existing,  in  which  he  entered  into  the  in- 
quiry as  to  whether  the  action  of  the 
earth  on  the  magnetic  needle  had  in- 
creased or  decreased.       fiesides   these 
works    M.    Poisson   published  several 
minor  essays  on  the  vibrations  of  sonorous 
bodies,  the  propagation  of  motion   in 
elastic  fluids,  &c.     M.  Poisson  had  long 
been  one  of  the  Ezaminen  of  admistion 
at  the  Ecole  Polytechmque^  and.  at  Ae 


1840.] 


Obituary. — Clergy  Deceased. 


663 


time  of  his  death  was  President  of  the 
A^'ademy  of  Sciences,  and  a  Peer  of 
t  ranre.  He  was  elected  a  Foreign  Mem- 
ber of  the  Royal  Society  of  London 
in  1>^1H.  For  some  years  past  he  bad 
resided  at  Sceaux,  about  five  miles  south 
of  Paris ;  and,  though  during  the  last 
twelve  months  he  had  been  almost  a  con- 
stunt  invalid,  he  always  filled  the  presi- 
dential chair  at  the  weekly  meetings  of 
the  Academy. 

His  funeral  was  conducted  on  a  scale 
of  unusual  ceremony,  and  was  especially 
remarkable  as  being  attended  by  nil  the 
<.avans  of  Paris.  Deputations  from  the 
Chambers  of  Peers  and  Deputies,  from 
the  Academies  of  the  Institute,  and  from 
all  the  scientifH;  bodies  of  Paris,  formed 
part  of  the  funeral  cortege.  The  pupils 
«)f  the  Ecole  Polytechniqueand  the  Ecole 
Normale  were  also  present  at  the  cere- 
mony; the  Minister  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion, M.  Victor  Cousin,  headed  the  line 
of  mourners,  and  wsis  accompanied  by  the 
Kin^''s  youngest  son,  the  Due  de  Mont- 
ponsier,  who  was  anxious  to  pay  a  last 
tribute  of  respect  to  his  old  professor. 
IV I.  Arago,  Al.  de  Pontecoulant,  and 
other  distinguished  men  of  science,  de- 
livered harangues  over  his  tomb;  and  the 
Minister  of  Public  Instruction  most  ap- 
projiriately  summed  up  the  merits  of  the 
deceased  by  styling  him  •*  The  first  geo- 
metiician  of  Europe."  M.  Poisson  has 
left  four  sons,  one  of  whom  is  a  lieu- 
tenant in  t))e  Artillery. 

CLFIIGY  DECEASED. 

Jan.  23.  At  Harford,  near  Leaming. 
ton.  aged  07,  the  Rev.  Lewis  H  ay,  for- 
merly of  Stansted  Park,  Sussex,  and  of 
the  Hotel  Marboeuf,  I'aris.  Air.  Way 
was  the  son  of  lienjumin  Way,  esq.  of 
ihnham  Park,  near  Oxbridge;  was  ma- 
triculated of  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
April  2.^,  I71K);  took  the  degree  of  13.  A. 
.Inn.  I i,  l7!>.'i;  was  alterwards  elected 
F»  How  of  Melton  college,  and  proceeded 
M.A.  Oct.  Vl  \VJ().  Ill  ]H)'l  xMr.Way 
had  A  very  large  foi  tune  bequeathed  to  him 
by  a  namesake,  but  no  relation,  Mr. 
Jcjhn  Way,  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench, 
(See  (ieiit.  Mag.  vol.  lxxiv.  795,  974-.) 
lie  purchased  Stansted  Park  in  l^)o,  and 
sold  it  a  few  years  after  to  Sir  T.  Acland. 
Mr.  Way  was  distinguished  by  his  active 
exert ion*i  in  many  important  religious  un- 
dertakings ;  particularly  in  the  establish. 
ment  ol  the  first  English  chapel  at  Paris, 
( with  the  exception  of  that  in  the  AmtKifl. 
sadorS  hotel,)  and  in  the  Society  for  the 
Conversion  of  the  Jews. 

Feb.  2.').  At  Harrington,  Cumberland, 
aped  Uy,  the  Rev.  John  Curwen^  Rector 
ot  that  parish,  brother  of  Henry  Curwen, 


of  Workington,  esq.  and  fourth  son  of  the 
late  J.  C.  Curwen,  esq.  M.P. 

Feb.  26.  Aged  82,  the  Rev.  John 
Hanieyt  Rector  of  Clipstone,  Nortbamp- 
tonshire,  and  Vicar  of  Amberley  with 
Houghton,  Sussex.  He  was  formerly  a  FeU 
low  of  Christ's  college,  Cambridge,  B.  A. 
1780,  as  5th  Junior  Optime,  M.A.  1792, 
was  collated  to  Amberley  in  1795  by  Dr. 
Ashburnham,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  to 
whom  he  was  for  many  years  chaplain, 
and  presented  to  Clipstone  by  his  college 
in  1812.  His  beneficence  and  hospitality- 
will  long  be  remembered. 

Feb.  26.  In  his  52d  year,  the  Rev. 
Cornelius  Pitty  Rector  of  Rendcomb  and 
Hazleton,  co.  Gloucester.  He  was  the 
eldest  son  of  Joseph  Pitt,  esq.  of  East 
Court,  Wilts,  proprietor  of  Pittville  Spa, 
Cheltenham.  He  was  of  Oriel  college, 
Oxford,  where  he  graduated  B.  C.L.  1810. 
He  was  presented  to  Hazleton  in  1824  by 
Lord  Chancellor  Eldon,  and  instituted  to 
Rendcomb  in  1831  on  his  own  petition. 
He  died  in  a  fit  when  walking,  on  his  re- 
turn from  a  petty  sessions. 

Feb.  28.  At  Morpeth,  the  Rev.  C. 
Rapier  y  B.A.,  Head  Master  of  Ed  ward  the 
Sixth's  Grammar  School  in  that  town. 

Feb.  29.  Aged  84.  the  Rev.  H. 
Shield^  Rector  of  Preston  and  Stoke  Dry, 
Rutlandshire,  to  the  latter  of  which,  m 
the  patronage  of  the  Marquess  of  Exeter, 
he  was  instituted  in  1791,  and  to  the 
former,  in  his  own  gift,  in  1802. 

Lately.  At  Giltown,  Kildare,  the  Rev. 
Joseph  BorroweSt  son  of  the  late  Sir  Kil- 
dare 1).  Borrowes,  Bart. 

The  K^v.  Maurice  Co/emon,  one  of  the 
Senior  Curates  of  Trinity  Within,  Water- 
ford. 

At  Llangefni,  in  his  93d  year,  the  Rev. 
T.  Evans y  for  fifty-one  years  Rector  of 
Hen  Eglwys,  Anglesea,  in  the  gift  of  the 
Bishop  of  Bangor. 

The  Rev.  T.  Sneyd,  Vicar  of  Lavy, 
CO.  (/a van. 

The  Rev.  John  Williatns,  Rector  of 
Ludehurch,  and  Vicar  of  Marlowes,  Pem- 
brokeshire; to  the  former  of  which  be  was 
presented  in  1H06  by  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
and  to  the  latter  in  1812  by  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Eldon. 

Marrh  8.  Aged  8G,  the  Rev.  WiUiam 
/folton,  Curate  of  Brancaster,  Norfolk. 
He  was  formerly  of  Trinity  college, 
Cambridge,  where  he  graduated  B.A. 
1775,  M.A.  1780. 

March  6.  At  the  residence  of  his 
mother,  Paul's  Walden  Bury,  Hertford- 
shire, the  Rev.  George  Tyrwhitt  Drakep 
Vicar  of  the  Higher  Mediaty  of  Malpas, 
Cheshire.  He  was  a  son  of  the  late 
Thomas  Drake  Tyrwhitt  Drake,  esq. 
M.P.  for  Aroershani,  by  Anne,  dau.  and 


GG4 


Obituary. — Clergy  Deceased. 


[Jane, 


ro.hfir  of  the  Kov.  William  Wickbam,of 
(larftiiigtoii,  OxfordKliire.  He  wasamein- 
berof  Jtsuscollfpc,  Cainb.  LL.B.  1818; 
and  was  presented  to  his  living  by  his 
brother  in  1H30. 

March  (5.  At  Warkworth,  Northum. 
berland,  ajred  52,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Care 
WinMcow,  \'icar  of  that  parish,  lie  was 
of  Trinity  collepe,  Camb.  B.l).  IW.'i ; 
and  was  preitented  to  Warkworth  in  1820 
by  the  Bishop  of  (larlisle. 

March  9.  At  Stirling,  in  his  87lh  year, 
the  Right  Rev.  Ceorffe  Gieig,  LL.I). 
Bishop  of  Rrerhin,  primus  of  the  Scottish 
Episcopal  church.  He  was  ordained  a 
priest  in  177.'j,  and  consecrated  Bishop  of 
the  Dim'ese  of  Brechin  in  1808.  Besides 
the  labours  of  his  diocese,  he  was  the 
author  of  "  Papers  on  Morals  and  Meta- 
physics," which  at  the  time  acquired  preat 
celebrity.  For  some  years  jiast  he  had 
retired  from  active  life,  and  in  18.37  the 
Right  Rev.  David  Moir,  D.D.  of  Brechin, 
was  consecrated  assistant  and  successor  to 
his  diocese.  As  a  scholar,  a  theologian, 
a  metaphysician,  and  a  critic,  his  name 
has  for  more  than  sixty  years  stood 
amongst  the  most  eminent.  His  piety 
was  remarkable,  yet  cheerful ;  his  mind, 
until  Hgc  prevailed  over  it,  was  singularly 
vigorous ;  his  heart  warm  and  generous, 
and  his  hospitality  unbounded.  He  wus 
father  of  the  excellent  and  highly  gifted 
Chaplain  of  Chelsea  Hospital,  the  Rev. 
G.  R.  Gleig,  M.A.  author  of  the  "  Sub- 
altern," &c. 

In  his  75th  year,  the  Rev.  Fuhrar 
Craven  Fowh,  Vicar  of  Kentbury,  Berks, 
•  and  Rector  of  Elkstone,  Gloucestershire. 
He  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Fowle, 
of  Kentbury,  by  a  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
John  Craven,  of  Chilton,  Wilts,  nephew 
to  William  Lord  Craven.  He  was  matricu- 
lated of  St.  John's  college,  Oxford,  the 
19th  June  1781,  and  graduated  B.  A.  1785, 
M.A.  1788;  and  was  instituted  to  both 
his  livings  in  1798. 

At  Manchester,  in  his  54th  year,  the 
Rev.  William  Nunn,  M.A.  Minister  of 
the  Episcopal  chapel  of  St.  Clement's  in 
that  town.  He  was  formerly  of  St.  John's 
college,  Cambridge,  where  he  graduated 
B.A.  1814,  M.A.  1817. 

March  10.  At  Northallerton,  aged 
37,  the  Rev.  William  Clere  Surges,  B.  A. 
Vicar  of  Osmotherley,  Yorkshire,  and 
formerly  Curate  of  Northallerton,  where 
he  was  much  esteemed  for  his  piety  and 
usefulness.  By  a  melancholy  fatality 
three  of  his  children  had  died  on  the  2d 
and  .3d  of  the  month,  and  one  other  on 
the  day  before  him,  viz.  his  daughters, 
Selina,  Susan,  and  Charlotte,  aged  3,  6, 
and  10  years,  and  his  son,  William- Clere, 
aged  4  years.     He  was  presented  to  the 

1,3 


vicarage  of  Osmotherley  bj  the  Bbbop 
of  Durham  in  ia38. 

March  11.  At  Marston  St.  Law- 
rence,  Northamptonshire,  aged  56,  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Blencowe^  Vicar  of  that  pa- 
rish :  uncle  to  the  present  John  Jackson 
Blencowe,  esq.  and  the  son  of  Samuel 
Jackson,  esq.  who  took  the  name  of 
Blencowe,  pursuant  to  the  will  of  his 
maternal  uncle.  He  was  of  Oriel  college, 
Oxford,  where  he  took  the  degree  of 
M.A.  in  1807,  and  he  was  instituted  to 
the  vicarage  of  Marston,  on  the  presen- 
tation of  his  father,  in  1809. 

March  13.  At  Bury  Green,  Cbes- 
hunt,  aged  54,  the  Rev.  WUlicm  BoUand, 
Vicar  of  Frampton  and  Swineshead,  and 
Minister  of  Trinity  Chapel,  Waltbam 
Cross.  He  was  a  son  of  the  late  Thomas 
Bolland,  esq.  of  Leeds ;  vnA  formerly  a 
Fellow  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
where  he  took  the  degree  of  B.A.  in  1806 : 
and  was  presented  to  the  vicarage  of 
Swineshead  by  that  society  in  1811,  and 
to  Fnimpton  in  the  same  year  by  Mr. 
Tunnard.  He  had  been  recently  ap. 
pointed  Incumbent  of  the  new  church 
erecting  at  Bradford,  Yorkshire,  but  bad 
not  entered  on  his  new  duties.  His  death 
was  occasioned  through  an  accident.  On 
the  evening  of  the  Queen's  marriage,  Mr. 
Bolland  and  his  lady  accompanied  some 
friends  to  London  in  their  carriage,  to 
witness  the  illuminations.  While  looking 
at  the  gay  and  busy  scene,  Mr.  Bolland 
and  another  gentleman,  who  were  in  the 
dicky  of  the  carriage,  were  thrown  out  by 
the  sudden  moving  on  of  the  vehicle,  and 
the  former  unhappily  fell  on  his  bead. 
He  was  taken  home,  and  after  aome  time 
was  pronounced  so  convalescent  that  be 
publicly  returned  thanks  in  his  church  at 
Wultham  cross  for  his  restoration.  A 
few  days  aftenvards,  while  in  London 
making  arrangements  for  taking  pottea- 
sion  of  his  new  curacy  in  Yorkshire,  be 
felt  himself  unwell  in  bis  head,  and  on  bis 
return  home  took  to  his  bed,  and  in  two 
or  three  days  was  a  corpse.  Mr.  Bolland 
was  most  zealous  in  the  discbarge  of  bis 
pastoral  duties,  and  exemplary  in  all  the 
relations  of  life.  His  body  was  followed 
to  its  resting  place  at  Chesbunt  church  by 
a  very  numerous  assembhige  of  friends. 
He  has  left  a  widow  and  several  childmi 
to  mourn  their  severe  loss. 

At  Compton  Martin,  Somerset,  in  his 
80th  year,  the  Rev.  James  Boyle,  Rector 
of  that  parish.  He  was  of  St.  John's  col- 
lege, C/ambridge,  B.A.  1820,  M.A.  18S8| 
was  formerly  for  thirty-three  years  Rec- 
tor of  Hilgay,  Norfolk ;  and  was  pre- 
sented  to  Compton  Martin  by  the  Dake 
of  Buckingham  in  1816. 

Aged  26,  the  Rev.  J.  /.  HamiUon,  B. A. 


1840.] 


Obituary. 


of  St.  Jobn*8  college,  Cambridge,  late 
Curate  of  Woking,  Surrey ;  second  son 
of  Mr.  A.  Hamilton,  of  Hatton  Garden, 
London. 

At  Littlebury,  near  Saffron  Walden, 
aged  67,  the  Rev.  Henry  Built  Vicar  of 
tbat  parish  and  Rector  of  Salcott,  both  in 
Essex.  He  was  the  second  son  of  the 
Rev.  John  Bull,  Rector  of  Inworth, 
Essex,  where  he  was  born ;  educated  at 
Dedham  Grammar  School,  in  the  same 
county,  and  afterwards  ut  St.  Peter's  col- 
lege, Cambridge,  of  which  society  he  was 
elected  a  Fellow.  He  graduated  B.A. 
1795  as  3d  Senior  Optime,  M.A.  1798; 
was  presented  to  Littlebury  in  1813  by 
the  sinecure  Rector  (who  is  appointed  by 
the  Bishop  of  Ely),  and  to  Salcott  in  1834. 
He  ^vas  characterised  by  kindness,  bene- 
volence to  the  poor,  and  a  strict  and  con- 
scientious discbarge  of  his  duties  as  a 
minister  of  religion,  and  was  forward  in 
every  good  work  in  the  town  of  Saffron 
Walden  and  its  neighbourhood.  He  has 
left  a  widow  with  two  sons  and  two 
daughters. 

March  15.  In  his  80th  year,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Dyer,  Vicar  of  Norton  with 
Lenchwick,  Worcestershire.  He  was 
formerly  of  St.  John's  college,  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  graduated  B.A.  1782, 
M.A.  1785;  and  was  presented  to  his 
living  in  1828  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter 
of  Worcester, 

At  Little  Bardfield  parsonage,  Essex, 
in  his  80th  year,  the  Rev.  Hezekiah  Good- 
eve  Harrison,  M.A.  Rector  of  Little 
Stanbridge,  Essex,  and  an  acting  magis- 
trate for  that  county.  He  was  of  St. 
John's  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1780,  as 
5th  Senior  Optime,  M.A.  1783;  was 
presented  to  Little  Stanbridge  in  1786  by 
the  Lord  Chancellor,  and  was  for  many 
years  the  resident  Rector  of  Thorpe 
Morieux,  Suffolk,  which  he  resigned  to 
another  member  of  his  family  in  1824. 

March  20.  At  Hamburg,  aged  49, 
the  Rev.  Richard  Baker,  British  Chap- 
lain ;  eldest  son  of  Sir  Robert  Baker,  of 
Montagu-place,  Russell-square.  He  went 
to  Eton  in  1801,  and  was  elected  into 
college  31st  July,  1804.  He  was  entered 
of  Merton  college,  Oxford,  1st  July 
1808,  and  was  appointed  one  of  the  Post- 
masters of  the  college  by  Dr.  Davies, 
then  Provost  of  Eton.  He  took  the  de- 
gree of  B.A.  1812,  that  of  M.A.  1816; 
was  ordained  Deacon  in  Sept.  1814,  and 
Priest  in  Dec.  of  the  same  year.  Mr.  Ba- 
ker on  his  ordination  was  appointed  Cu- 
rate of  Stody  and  Hun  worth  in  Norfolk, 
which  duty  he  gave  up  in  1818  for  the 
curacy  of  Twickenham ;  and  in  May 
1820  he  was  appointed  Chaplain  to  the 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


British  residents  at  Hamburg,  i 
recommendation  of   the  preseiii- 
bishop  of  Canterbury,  then   Bi 
London.     He  married  in  1824  x- 
eldest  daughter  of  the  late  John  Pi 
esq.  formerly  an  eminent  merd 
Petersburg,  and  by  that  lady,  *ru. 
in  1834,  he  has  left  issue  six  child 

At  Yalding,  Kent,  aged  76, 
Richard  WardCf  Vicar  of  that  Panoi 
Rector  of  Ditton,  in  the  same  o 
He  was  formerly  of  St.  John's  C 
Cambridge,  where    he    graduated 
1785,    M.A.   1788;    was   instif" 
Yalding  (net  value  1184/.)  in  1 
patronage  and  rectorial  tithes  beinj;;  •' 
own  family ;  and  was  presented  to  '. 
in  1796  by  the  Earl  of  A^lesford. 

March  2\.  At  Lindheld,  Sussex^  |b 
his  80th  year,  the  Rev.  Mr.  HaygariK 

March  22.  At  Norton,  Kent,  mtA 
51,  the  Rev.  Thomae  Wodehouee,  aic* 
tor  of  that  parish  and  a  Canon  of  W«Ot; 
brother  to  Edmund  Wodehouse,  M^. 
M.P.  for  Norfolk,  and  cousin-german  to 
Lord  Wodehouse.  He  was  the  second  idn 
of  the  late  Thomas  Wodehouse,  esq.  of 
Sennowe,  in  Norfolk,  by  Sarah,  daughter 
of  Pryce  Campbell,  of  Stackpole  C^art, 
CO.  Pembroke,  esq.  and  sister  to  Jolin 
Lord  Cawdor.  He  was  matriculated  of 
Merton  college,  Oxford,  on  the  1 8th  June 
1806,  and  appointed  one  of  the  Postmas- 
ters of  that  Society;  graduated  B.A. 
1806,  M.A.  1816.  lie  married  a  daughter 
of  the  late  Rt.  Rev.  Walker  King,  D.D. 
Lord  Bishop  of  Rochester,  by  whom  he 
was  collated  to  the  rectory  of  Norton 
(net  value  306/.)  in  1816;  and  he  became 
a  Canon  of  Wells  in  1817. 


DEATHS. 

Bedford. — Lately.  At  Bedford,  in  her 
77th  year,  Jane,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Wm. 
Hooper,  Rector  of  Carlton -cum- Chil- 
lingham. 

Berk9.-^  April  19.  At  Reading,  Mrs. 
Hase,  relict  of  the  late  Henry  Hase,  esq. 
of  the  Bank  of  England. 

April  22.  At  Binfield  Grove,  Sarah 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Ma- 
thews,  esq. 

April  24.  At  Windsor,  in  her  75th 
year,  Charlotte,  relict  of  Christopher  Pa- 
pendick ,  esq. 

Bucks. — April  23.  At  Great  Marlow, 
aged  5  months,  Andrew  John,  son  of  the 
late  A.  H.  Poulett  Thompson,  esq. 

May  17.  Drowned  at  Eton,  aged  14, 
Charles  Francis,  only  son  of  H.  S.  Mon- 
tague,  esq.  of  Thurlow-house,  Clapham. 

Cambridge.— j^pril  21,  At  Lenton, 
aged  81,  John  Wright,  esq. 

May  5.     At  Alderley,  Susan  Eliza- 

4  Q 


666 


Obituaby. 


[Jane^ 


betb,  wiftt    of   WiUiam    Cliaie,  etq.  of 
Norwicli. 

CiiEtiiinr.— 3/tfv  lU.  At  Bougbton, 
Emily,  wife  of  Hichard  Helshana,  esq. 

Cornwall.— i4/7rt7  16.  At  Truro, 
aged  S:i,  Caroline,  wife  of  the  Rev.  H. 
D.  Ryder,  M.A.  Canon  of  Litchticld, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Geo.  Comisb, 
eaq.  uf  Salcombe  Hill. 

April  27.  At  Falmouth,  in  his  60tb 
year,  John  Furse,  esq.  Ute  Conimander 
in  H.M.  Packet  Service. 

Lately.  At  Bodmin,  ap^ed  25,  W.  D. 
fiertey,  esq.  B.A.  late  scholar  of  St. 
John's  College,  Camb.  eldest  son  of  the 
Rev.  T.  Bersey,  of  the  Wesleyan  So- 
dety. 

At  St.  Mawes,  aged  71,  Mary  Anne, 
relict  of  Robert  Jago,  esq. 

CuMHERLAND. — ^prii  24.  At  the 
Hill,  neai'  Carlisle,  Frances,  wife  of  Sir 
J.  R.  Grant,  K.H.  and  K.  St.  A. 

Afay  11.      Aged  81,  Isabella,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  John  Mayson,  Rector  of  Orton. 
Devon. — April  16.     At  Exeter,  Ann, 
wife  of  Robert  Miles,  esq.  late  of  Sal- 
combe Regis. 

April  18.  At  Ilfracombe,  a^ed  90, 
Elizabeth,  widow  of  James  Richards, 
esq. 

April  20.      At    Churchstanton,  aged 
77,  the  relict  of  Samuel  South  wood,  esq. 
April  23.     At  Ogwell  House,  aged  12 
months,  Cecilia  Catharine,  dau.  of  Sir 
Richard  Flasket. 

April  25.  At  Exmouth,  aged  71,  John 
Trenchard,  esq.  solicitor. 

April  27.  At  Wear  House,  near  Exe- 
ter, Susanna  Catharine,  widow  of  Admi- 
ral Sir  J.  T.  Duckworth,  Bart.  G.C.B. 
She  was  the  dau.  of  the  Rt.  Rev.  W.  Bul- 
ler.  Lord  Bishop  of  Exeter ;  became  the 
second  wife  of  Adm.  Duckworth  in  1808, 
and  had  issue  the  present  Baronet,  and  an- 
other son  who  died  in  infancv. 

Lately.  At  Molland-house,  near 
Southmolton,  aged  86,  Mr.  Henry  Quart- 
ly,  extensively  known  through  the 
counties  of  Devon  and  Somerset  as  an 
eminent  agriculturist,  and  respected  for 
his  sterling  integrity  of  character. 

Dorset. — April  15.  At  Sturminster 
Marshall,  at  an  advanced  age,  William 
Mackerell,  esq. 

Lately.  At  Weymouth,  aged  54,  Wm. 
Garland,  esq.  a  member  of  the  Corpora- 
tion of  Dorchester. 

At  Lyme  Regis,  aged  88,  Major  Knott, 
an  old  inhabitant  of  that  town. 

May  16.  At  Swanage,  aged  84,  Na- 
than Chinchen,  esq. 

AJay  17.    At  Bradford  rectory,  the  wife 
of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Grant. 
Essex.— -4;/n7  22,     At  the  vicarage, 


White  Xotley,  aged  89,  Sarah,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  John  Dennis,  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  C.  Gretton,  Rector  of  Springfield. 

April  ^4.  Aged  88,  Jane,  relict  of 
James  Andrews,  esq.  of  Romford. 

GLorcEBTER.— i4/;rt7  20.  At  Bristol, 
Richard  Darvill,  esq.  late  of  the  7ch 
Hussars. 

April  21.  Martha,  relict  of  Charles 
Harford,  esq.  of  Bristol. 

Lately.  At  Lvdney,  aged  61,  Sarah, 
wife  of  T.  Shcasby»  esq.  of  that  olace, 
and  sister  to  Dr.  Holbrook,  of  Mon- 
mouth. 

May  3.  At  Clifton,  aged  86,  Mrs. 
Bridget  Becher  Swymmer. 

May  4.  Aged  30,  John  Rogers,  esq. 
Editor  of  the  Cheltenham  Chronicle. 

HAVTS.-^April  27.  Aged  17,  Ed- 
ward, eldest  son  of  C.  Davies,  esq.  of 
Southampton  ;  and.  May  3,  at  Warmin- 
ster, aged  20,  Henrietta,  second  daughter 
of  the  said  C.  Davies,  esq. 

Lately.  At  Newport,  Isle  of  "Wiffbt, 
aged  97,  Mr.  Wm.  White.  Mr.  White 
was  formerley  possessor  of  the  Wendon 
Mills,  and  was  noted  for  his  ^reat  strength, 
having  on  one  occasion  earned  the  enor- 
mous weight  of  21  bushels  of  flour  (lOf 
cwt.) 

Near  Famham,  Major- General  Sir 
James  Campbell,  of  the  Royal  Marines. 
He  was  knighted  b]^  his  late  Migestjr,  and 
invested  with  the  insignia  of  a  Knight 
Commander  of  the  Guelphic  Order.  His 
commission  as  Major-  General  bore  date 
1825. 

The  relict  of  Wm.  Courtney,  esq.  of 
Bransbury  house. 

At  Southsea,  in  his  40th  year,  Mr.  W. 
Keene,  comedian  (commonly  called  the 
African  Roscius). 

Herts.— .4^;  2a  At  White  JLodge, 
East  Bamet,  aged  66,  Jefferies  Spranger, 
esq. 

May  5.  At  Northaw,  aged  08,  Mrs. 
Le  Blanc,  widow  of  Thomas  Le  BfauiCt 
esa.  of  Cavenham,  Sufiolk. 

Hunts.— il/oy  10.  At  Hontiogdim, 
aged  79,  James  Morton,  M.D.  many 
years  alderman  of  that  borough. 

Kent. — April  17.  At  Goudhurst, 
aged  80,  Ralph  Oakden,  sen.  esq. 

ApHl  21.  At  Ramsgate,  in  his  28th 
year,  AlexanderEllice,  esq.  barrister-at-law^ 
April  22.  At  Strood,  aged  71,  Ni- 
cholas Crisp,  esq.  for  many  years  Cham- 
berlain of  the  Rochester  Oyster  Fishery. 
April  23.  At  Ramsgate,  aged  63;  Blary 
Anne,  window  of  Henry  Beny,  esq.  late 
of  Bemard-st.  Russell-square. 

ApHl  28.  At  Dover,  Harriet,  ymmgest 
dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Phipps,  esq.  of 
AValthamstow* 


April  30.  At  Gravesend,  aged  49, 
Edm.  Mills,  esq.  of  Binfield-lodge,  Berks. 

Lancaster. — April  \7,  At  Man- 
chester, aged  G8,  Charles  Bedford,  esq. 
only  surviving  son  of  the  late  Thomas 
Bedford,  Rector  of  Pbilleigh,  Cornwall. 

Leicester. — April  7.  At  the  residence 
of  his  son-in-law,  James  Abbey,  esq. 
Lubbcnham,  aged  66,  Thomas  Clark,  esq. 
formerly  of  Broughton  near  Kettering. 

^pril  20.  At  Luttenvorth,  aged  61, 
Elizabeth,  widow  of  Richard  Watson, 
esn. 

Middlesex. — April  3.  At  Dr.  StiU- 
well'i  lunatic  asylum  near  Uxbridge,  aged 
77,  Granville  William  Wheeler  Medhurst, 
esq.  of  Medhurst-hall,  Yorkshire.  Of 
this  gentleman  some  account  will  be  found 
in  the  Gent.  Mag.  for  1800,  p.  792;  he 
had  been  in  confinement  from  that  year, 
when  he  was  tried  at  York  assizes  for  the 
murder  of  his  wife,  and  acquitted  on  the 
pica  of  insanity.  His  fortune  (said  to 
amount  to  7000/.  per  ann.  and  including 
the  township  of  Kippax)  has  devolved  on 
his  grandson,  Francis  Hastings  Medhurst, 
now  under  sentence  of  three  years*  im- 
prisonment for  the  manslaughter  of  his 
schoolfellow  Joseph  Alsop,  at  Hayes,  on 
the  9th  March  1839. 

Salop. — May  9.  At  the  Lodge,  Ed- 
ward Salway,  esq. 

Somerset. — April  7.  At  Bishop's 
Hull,  near  Taunton,  aged  47,  Mrs.  Win- 
ton,  wife  of  the  Rev.  R.  Winton. 

^pril  IJ.  At  Bridgwater,  aged  89, 
Robert  Evercd,  esq. 

April  2\.  At  Martock,  aged  79,  the 
widow  of  Robert  Patten,  esq.  of  Hatton 
Garden. 

April  30.  At  Bath,  aged  70,  Samuel 
Slack,  esq. 

lAittly,     At  Shepton,  aged  103,  John 
Scott.     When  100  years  old  he  reaped  an' 
aero  of  wheat  in  two  days  with  ease. 

At  Bath,  liady  Anna  Maria  Lumley, 
»>i.*»tfr  of  the  Earl  of  Scarborough. 

Si'RHK..— /l/arcA  W.  The  wife  of 
Rowland  Edward  Williams,  esq.  of  Wes- 
ton.grove,  second  daughter  of  Major- 
Gen.  Sir  Patrick  Ross. 

April  27.  At  Worplesdon,  at  the  re- 
sidence of  her  son-in-law,  Lieut.  Smith, 
R.N.  aged  83,  the  relict  of  Joseph 
Ho<*klcy,  sen.  esq.  of  (fuildf'ord,  and 
mother  of  the  late  Town  Clerk  of  that 
borough. 

April  28.  At  Sutton,  aged  72,  Henry 
James  .Stubbs,  esq. 

Elouisa  Hodg^on,  dau.  of  William 
Hodgson,  esq.  of  Lower  Mitcham,  and 
grand -daughter  ol  the  late  William  Sims, 
f-q. 

AprtldO,    Aged  63,  Mary,  the  wife 


Obitcahy. 


667 


of  Isaac    Ennos,  esq.,  of  Jolly-lodge^ 
Kingswood. 

Lately,  Aged  61,  John  Boulding, 
esq.  of  Egham  bill-cottage. 

SU88BX. — April  21.  At  St.  Leo- 
nard's-on-Sca,  at  the  residence  of  ber 
son,  John  Harwood,  M.D.  aged  73,  Mrs. 
Harwood. 

April  23.  At  Bunivasb,  Ann  Dyke, 
wife  of  Capt.  H.  H.  Haviland. 

^prif  25.  At  East  Bourne,  affed  67, 
Catharine  Ann,  relict  of  J.  J.  Lanyon, 
esq.  of  that  place. 

April  2S.  At  Seaford,  aged  79,  the 
widow  of  James  Brooker,  esq. 

Lately,  At  Chichester,  in  his  78th  year, 
J.  Goodman,  esq. 

Warwick.— J/;rt7  27.  At  Warwick, 
aged  73,  Mary,  youngest  daughter  of  the 
late  Harry  Barnes,  esq.,  of  Ombersley. 

Wilts. — April  10.  At  Bishopstrow, 
Mr.  T.  H.  Griffith,  solicitor,  ^oungeat 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Griffith,  of 
Warminster. 

April  19.  At  Seend,  aged  74,  Ame- 
lia, widow  of  J.  Scbomberv,  esq.  Cap- 
tain and  Commissioner,  R.N. 

April2\.  At  Semington,  Melksbam, 
aged  84,  Hester,  widow  of  Wm.  Brugea, 
esq. 

Wales. — April  2\.  At  Swansea,  in 
his  30th  year,  Robert  Symonds,  esq.  of 
Clapham  road. 

Lately.  At  Margam,  Glamorganshire, 
William  Llewellyn,  esq.  one  of  the  oldest 
surgeons  in  the  navy,  and  a  magistrate  for 
the  county. 

Scotland. — April  4.  At  Linlitbflow, 
John  Boyd,  esq.  of  Woodside,  Clerk  of 
the  Peace  for  the  county  of  Linlithgow. 

April  Xo.  At  Peterhead,  John  Low, 
esq.  of  Euston  Square,  London. 

April  17.  At  Inverailort,  the  wife  of 
Major. Gen.  Sir  Alexander  Cameron, 
K.C.B.  and  Deputy  Govenior  of  St. 
\iawes 

April  22.  At  Edinburgh,  Archibald 
Swiiiton,  esq.  Writer  to  the  Signet. 

April  2.3.  At  Belgarvie,  in  childbed, 
in  her  19th  year,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Fred. 
Scrymgeour  Wedderbum.  5th  dau.  of 
Lord  Viscount  Arbutbnot.  She  wai 
married  in  1839. 

lately.  In  Edinburgh,  the  widow  of 
General  Sir  David  Dundas. 

Ireland. — Jan.  16.  At  Lismutleii 
park,  CO.  Meath,  in  his  70th  rear.  Sir 
Charles  Drake  Dillon,  Bart,  and  a  Baron 
of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire.  He  was  the 
eldest  surviving  son  of  air  John  the  first 
Burt.  M.P.  lor  Blcssington,  by  Milli- 
eent,  dau.  of  Roger  Drake,  of  Kernhill,  co. 
Berks,  ev\.  succeeded  bis  father  in  1805; 
and  wa)  twice  married,  first  in  1792  to 


666 


Ubituahy. 


[Jane^ 


Charlotte,  daii.  of  John  lluniiltoii,  esq. 
Secrc  tary  tit  War  in  Iri-land ;  and  secondly 
in  Ibd)  to  Sanih,  widow  of  the  Kev.  J. 
C.  Miller,  V.l).  Hector  of  Alilton,  co. 
Npn.  but  hud  no  ibsue.  He  is  succeeded 
by  his  brother  Lieut.- Gen.  Arthur  H. 
Dillon. 

Auril  10.  At  Killough.  co.  Down, 
aged  bO,  Marsarct,  relict  ot  l^apt.  Turner, 
of  the  oi\\  lioyal  Veteran  Battalion,  for- 
merly a  resident  of  Salisbury. 

April  17.  At  Belfast,  Sarah,  youngest 
daughter  of  the  late  (I.  W.  Hall,  esq.  of 
Sneed  Park,  near  Bristol. 

Ijatoly. — Near  Listowel,  Kerry,  in  her 
97th  year,  Dom,  lust  surviving  daughter 
of  the  late  John  Hewson  of  Ennisniore, 
CM.  This  venerable  gentlewoman  was 
neice  to  the  lute  Knight  of  Kerry,  and  a 
dcscendaikt  of  the  celebrated  und  long 
lived  Countess  ot  Desmond.  Her  mother 
was  the  sister  of  the  grandmother  of 
Lord  Mounteagle. 

William  Browne,  esij.  of  Browne's 
Hill.  He  first  married  in  17il4>,  Lady 
Charlotte  Bourkc,  h  sister  of  the 
Earl  of  Mayo,  by  whom  he  had  a  nu- 
merous issue,  and  secondly  in  1813  Lady 
Letitia  Toler,  sister  to  the  late  P^arl 
of  Norbury,  by  whom  also  he  had  issue. 
He  is  succeeded  in  his  extensive  estates 
by  his  eldest  son,  II.  C.  Browne,  esq. 

The  Right  Hon.  William  Gregory,  of 
Coole,  county  of  Galwuy,  formerly  Under 
Secretary  for  Ireland.  A  pension  ot 
^\&L  devolves  to  the  Civil  List  by  his 
death. 

Abroad. — A'or.  'io,  1838.  At  Bou- 
logne-sur.]\Ier,  France,  Kate,  wife  of 
John  Hanson,  esq.  formerly  of  Grimoldby 
Hall,  county  of  Lincoln. 

July  28,  1839.  On  her  passage  to  South 
Australia,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Edmund 
Morton,  Esq.  sixth  daughter  of  Lieut.- 
Gen.  Walker,  of  Lime  Park,  Sidmoutb. 

Sept.  9.  At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
Adelaide,  youngest  daughter  of  Hear.. 
Adm.  the  Hon.  G.  Elliot,  Naval  Com- 
mander-in-chief at  that  station. 

Oct,  12.  In  the  Chinese  Seas,  in  en- 
deavouring to  reach  the  shore  from  the 
wreck  of  the  Sunda,  James  Ilbery,  Esq. 
of  Doughty-st. 

Oct,  25.  At  Launceston,  Van  Die- 
men's  Land,  in  his  65th  year,  Thomas 
Henty,  Esq.  formerly  of  West  Tarring, 
Sussex. 

Oct.,.,  At  Mohammed- Ali-Polis,  in 
^enaar,  M.  Lefevre,  travelling  corres- 
pondent to  the  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory  in  Paris.  He  was  commissioned  by 
the  Egyptian  government  to  search  for 
the  metallic  mines  supposed  to  exist  in 
Senaar. 

Nov,  20.  In  Calabar  River,  West 
Africa,  Henry,    second   son  of   Henry 


Sealy,  esq.  of  Bristol ;  and  Jan,  2,  fga  bis 
passage  home  from  thence*  John  Pri- 
dcaux,  fourth  son  of  the  late  Wm.  Sealy, 
esq.  of  Shirehampton. 

Jan.  3.  On  his  passage  borne  from 
Madras,  aged  33,  Capt.  Thomas  Coles, 
16th  N.  Inf.  second  son  of  Charles  Coles, 
es(|.  Clapham. 

Jan,  4.  At  Calcutta,  aged  18,  EMana 
Kochfort,  daughter  of  John  Hadley 
D'Oyly,  esq.  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany's Civil  Service. 

Jan.  16.  At  Ncemuch,  Lieut.  G.  J. 
Brietzcke,  49th  Bengal  N.  Inf.  youngest 
son  of  the  late  G.  P.  Brietzcke,  esq.  of 
the  Secretary  of  State's  Office,  Home 
Department. 

At  Bombay,  Capt.  Laing,  senior  Cap- 
tain 26th  N.  Inf. 

Jan.  26.  At  Camp  Sukker,  on  the 
Indus,  Lieut.  Hugh  Halkett,  Queen's 
Royals,  Aide  de  Camp  to  Major. Gen. 
Willshire. 

Jan,  30.  At  Madras,  in  his  81st  year, 
Thomas  Green  tree.  Mil.  Est.,  eldest  son 
of  Thomas  Greentree,  esq.  late  Mem- 
ber of  Council  in  St.  Helena. 

At  the  Island  of  Ascension,  of  fever, 
caught  on  the  shores  of  Sierra  Leone, 
aged  27,  Henry  Bond,  late  of  H.  M. 
brig  Leveret,  fourth  son  of  the  late 
Rear-Adm.  F.  G.  Bond. 

At  Bologna,  Lady  Sophia  Butler, 
daughter  of  Brinsley  Earl  of  Lanes- 
borough  and  Lady  Jane  Rochfort,  of  the 
Belvidere  family.  Lady  Sophia  Butler 
was  born  in  Dublin,  19th  of  September, 
1769,  and  married  in  1787  the  Marchese 
Ludovico  Marescotti. 

Jan.  31.  At  Paris,  in  her  70th  year. 
Lady  Theodosia  Bligfa.  Her  Ladyship 
was  the  second  daughter  of  John  thira 
Earl  of  Darnley,  and  sister  to  the  first 
wife  of  the  present  Marquess  of  London- 
derry.  Her  Ladyship  was  married  in 
1790,  to  T.  C.  Bligh,  esq.  by  whom  she 
has  left  a  family. 

Feb.  1.  At  Florence,  aged  67,  the 
Hon.  Caroline- Catharine-Letitia,  ¥nfe  of 
Lieut.  Col.  Alcock,  and  aunt  to  Viscount 
Doneraile.  She  was  the  4fth  daughter 
of  St.  Leger  the  1st  Viscount,  ana  was 
married  in  1802. 

At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  aged  SS^ 
James  Dunbar,  esq.  son  to  the  late  Sir 
George,  and  brother  of  Sir  William  Rowe 
Dunbar,  of  Mochrum,  Bart. 

Feb,  5,  At  Aux  Cayea,  Hartl,  aged 
29,  John  D.  Zimmer,  esq*  her  Britannic 
Majesty's  Vice  Consul  at  that  port. 

Feb,  7.  Ac  Amsterdam,  aged  60^  Ro- 
bert Melvil,  esq.  her  Britannic  Majesty's 
Consul  at  that  place. 

Feb,  9.  At  Dusseldorf ,  Prussia,  in  ber 
20th  year,  Fanny,  daughter  of  H.  C. 
Berkeley,  esq. 


184().] 


Obituary. 


669 


Feb,  10.  At  Cuddalore,  in  his  2Ut 
year,  Charles  Whitworth  Allen  Dance, 
esq.  MadraB  civil  service,  second  son  of 
('Ol.  Sir  Charles  Webb  Dance,  K.H.,  of 
J3arr  House,  near  Taunton. 

At  BouIogne-sur-Mer,  aged  46,  Lieut. 
Cunningham  Douglas,  formerlj  of  the 
18th  Foot. 

Feb.  13.  On  his  passage  from  Gibraltar, 
n^'ed  '24',  William  Glutton  Marshall,  esq. 
Jjieiit.  i6th  Regiment. 

Feb.  17.  In  Paris,  Col.  Sir  Robert 
Steele,  Knt.  K.  C.  S.  Deputy  Lieutenant 
of  Dorset. 

Feb.  18.     At  Malta,  in  his  39th  year, 
A.  W,  Alilvvard,  commander  of  her  Ma- 
jesty's steam -ship  Hydra,  eldest  surviving 
son  of  the  late  J.  Milward,  esq.  of  Brom- 
ley, Middlesex. 

At  Stettin,  Princess  Elizabethof  Bruns- 
wick.  She  was  born  on  the  8th  of  No- 
vember, 1 7k),  and  was  married  in  l76j 
to  the  (.Town  Prince,  afterwards  Frede- 
rick  William  XL  King  of  Prussia,  but 
divorced  from  him  in  17G9.  She  was  the 
only  surviving  princess  of  the  house  of 
Urun-iwiek-Wolfenbuttle,  of  which  the 
only  members  now  living  are  the  reigning 
Duke  and  his  brother  (yharles. 

Feb.  19.  At  Boulogne,  Kdward  Ste< 
pheuison,  esq.  lute  Major  of  the  lancers 
in  the  SiNtniNh  Legion,  and  formerly  of 
the  Madras  (>avalry. 

At  Bordeaux, aged  18,  Jane  Charlotte, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Thomas  Hun- 
way  Bigge,  esq.  of  Little  Benton, 
Northumberland. 

Feb,  'ji'i.  At  Lisbon,  Anne,  third 
diiughtcr  of  (ieorge  Aibuthnot,  esq.  of 
Upper  Wimpole-iiireet. 

Feb.  'H.  At  Rome,  the  Hon.  Frances 
(-atharine  Mackenzie,  second  daughter  of 
the  late  Lord  Seufortli. 

On  his  passage  Iroin  New  York,  aged 
.'H,  Henry  CUrke,  esq.  of  Hackney. 

Feb.  '^Q.  At  i*aris,  .Mary,  eldest 
daughter  ot  Kdward  Huddleston,  esq.  of 
Purse  (.'aundle,  Dorset,  and  niece  of 
Richard  Huddleston,  of  Sauhton  Hall, 
Cambridge,  e^q. 

Feb.  28.  At  Pari-,  aged  8J,  John 
Stephenson,  esa. 

Luteiy.  In  Paris,  from  the  cfTects  of 
a  gun*shot  wound,  received  forty  years 
since,  Marshal  Maikon. 

At  Buulogne-fiur.Mcr,  Mr.  R.  W. 
Sharp,  a  celebrated  painter. 

At  .Montreal,  Anne,  wife  of  the  Hon. 
T.  Pothler,  and  daughter  of  the  latu  Col. 
Bruycre.'*,  R.  E. 

At  Paris,  M.dc  Luzy,  for  nearly  twenty 
veurs  secretary  to  the   Royal  Academy  of 

Nlusic. 

At  Malta,  aged  64,  Capt.  Eliaa  Brooka 
Tbaine,  formerly  of  the  lOtb  Foot. 


M.  Jules  Godefroy,  the  clever  autiior 
of  two  auccessful  pieces  recently  produced 
in  FtmB-^DiadeMU  at  the  Open  Co. 
mique,  and  La  ChoMte  Boyali  at  tho 
Renaissance. 

In  Paris,  the  Prince  Narishkin. 

March  3.  At  Mannheim,  James  Ko- 
cheid,  esq.  of  Inverleith. 

At  Jubalpore,  Ensign  John  Carr,  lltk 
Madras  N.  Inf.  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  John  Carr,  master  of  Durham 
Grammar  School. 

At  Madras,  James  Thomas,  esq.  civil 
service. 

March  1.  At  Suez,  on  his  way  from 
Aden  to  Europe,  aged  23,  Ensign 
Thomas  Shaw  Sorell,  1st  Bombay  Euro- 
pean Regiment,  second  son  of  Lieut.- 
Col.  Sir  T.  S.  Sorell. 

March  3.  At  Bagueres,  near  Pau, 
France,  Elizabeth,  second  daughter  of 
the  late  Rev.  Samuel  Clapham,  of  Christ 
Church,  Hants. 

March  4.  At  Rome,  aged  80,  Pro- 
fessor Dominico  Pellegrini,  of  the  Aca- 
demy of  St.  Luke,  lie  has  left  all  his 
collections,  tftc.  to  the  Academy. 

March  G.  At  Genoa,  Robert  Camp- 
bell, esq. 

March  10.  At  Montreal,  Lower  Ca- 
nada, aged  51,  William  Cahusac,  esq. 

March  13.  At  Amsterdam,  aged  68^ 
Catherine,  relict  of  the  Rev.  Alexander 
Mac  Intosh,  D,D, 

At  Houlogne-sur-  Mer,  aged  60,  Lucre- 
tia,  relict  of  John  Philipps,  esq. 

March  15.  On  his  passage  home, 
(rcorge  Augustus  Harrison,  Uapt.  41st 
Madras  N.  Inf.  sixth  son  of  J.  B.  Har» 
rison,  esq.  of  Southampton. 

March  18.  In  Newfoundland,  aged 
88,  William  Carter,  esq.  Judge  of  the 
Vice- Admiralty  Court  of  that  Island,  the 
arduous  duties  of  which  office  he  dis- 
ehar^'ed  for  fifty-two  years  with  zeal  and 
lidelity. 

March  20.  In  Paris,  aged  76,  Vandael, 
the  eminent  dower-painter. 

March  24.  At  Capicure,  aged  39, 
James,  second  son  of  Mr.  James  Sheeny 
late  of  Holborn-hi!l. 

March  29.  Near  ColM^ne,  aged  33, 
Frances,  wife  of  Col.  Von  UraveU, 
K.  St.  v.,  J.  C.  Sec.  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  J.  L.  Chirol,  M.  A.  of  Croydon. 

Lately,  At  Madeira,  two  hours  after 
giving  birth  to  a  daughter.  Surah  Chris* 
tian,  wife  of  G.  B.  Leacock,  esq.  of  that 
isknd,  and  daughter  of  Henry  Sealy,  esq, 
of  Bri.^tol. 

At  St.  C'eniin,  in  the  120th  vcnr  of  hie 
age,  Antoine  Dei|>cuch.  He  had  served 
during  the  succession  war  of  Austria, 
under  the  orders  of  Marshal  de  Saxc.  On 
the  11th  May,  J7A  be  fought  at  Fon. 


670 


Obituary. 


tenoy,  where  liis  entire  conii)any,  com- 
manded by  Jciin  de  Caloiine,  was  de- 
stroyed, with  the  exception  only  of  him- 
self  and  four  others. 

At  Bremen,  aged  81,  the  celebrated 
astronomer  Gibers. 

At  Paris,  aged  56,  Doctor  Biett,  Head 
Physician  to  the  Hospital  of  St.  Louia, 
supposed  to  huve  fallen  a  victim  to  his 
exertions  during  the  cholera. 

In  Honduras,  a  nephew  of  the  poet 
Crabbe. 

At  Washington,  Commodore  Isaac 
Chauncey,  of  the  American  navy,  well 
known  for  his  intrepidity  in  the  war  of 
1813,  on  the  Canadian  Lakes,  against  the 
British  forces.  He  was  President  of  the 
Board  of  Navy  Commissioners. 


[Jnney 

April  2.  At  Nantes,  aged  78^  Jamei 
Tobin,  esq. 

April  8.  At  Paris,  Marianne  Silves- 
tra,  eldest  daughter  of  the  Kev.  John 
Coles,  Rector  of  Silchester,  Hants. 

April  10.  At  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  aged 
71,  Michael  Eaton,  esq.  late  of  Sitting- 
bourne,  Kent 

At  sea,  on  her  passage  to  Corfii,  Dora 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  Major  Clavell  Slvaeld, 
K.H.  of  the  King's  Royal  60th  Rifle 
Corps. 

April  13.  At  Boulogne,  Henry  Shep- 
herd Pearson,  esq.  late  of  Springfield 
Lodge,  Bucks. 

April  18.  At  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  aged 
49,  Anne  Rose,  wife  of  CoL  W.  L. 
Darling. 


ADDITIONS  TO  OBITUARY. 


Vol,  XII.  p.  422.  The  property  left 
by  Sir  John  Ramsden  is  prodigious.  His 
grandson,  the  young  Baronet,  eleven  or 
twelve  years  of  age,  succeeds  to  120,000/. 
per  annum.  500,000/.  is  divided  amongst 
his  three  son  a,  40,000/.  to  each  of  his 
daughters,  and  to  his  widow  the  residence 
at  Byrom,  with  8,000/.  per  annum. 

P.  515.  By  the  will  of  the  late  Peter 
BacoHy  esq.,  besides  the  munificent  sum  of 
10,000/.  in  India  Stock,  worth  about 
24,800/.  to  the  London  University, 
1,000/.  is  bequeathed  to  Homerton  Col- 
lege; 1,000/.  to  Highbury  College  ;  1,000/. 
to  the  Congregational  School  at  Lewis- 
ham  ;  100/.  to  the  Rev.  Joseph  Fletcher, 
D.D.,  Stepney ;  100/.  to  the  Independent 
Meeting  at  Stepney  ;  and  a  similar  sum  to 
each  of  the  schools  in  connexion  with  that 
place.  The  estate,  consisting  principally 
of  India  Stock,  and  Government  securi* 
ties,  is  expected  to  realize  upwards  of 
100,000/. 

Vol.  XIII.  p.  305.  The  will  of 
Samuel  Lot  d  Bithop  of  JAchfield  passed 
the  seal  of  the  Prerogative  Court  to  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Butler,  his  son  and  sole 
executor.  The  personal  property  was 
under  30,000/.  The  will  is  dated  in  June, 
1835,  when  the  deceased  was  head-master 
of  the  grammar-school  in  Shrewsbury,  and 
the  codicil  in  August  1838.  The  whole 
of  the  property  is  divisible  among  his 
children. 

P.  329.  Mr.  Oldham  was  the  engraver 
to  the  Bank,  and  previously  to  the  Bank  of 
Ireland,  for  many  years,  and  was  not  less 
celebrated  for  his  convivial  powers.  Until 
his  invention  for  checking  the  number  of 
notes  printed,  and  for  preventing  forgery, 
was  adopted  by  the  Bank  of  England, 
they  had  no  positive  means  of  effectually 


stopping  the  latter,  or  of  telling  the  num- 
ber of  notes  struck  off  by  their  printing 
presses.  Mr.  Oldham  was  in  possession 
of  a  large  salary,  with  the  right  of  rever- 
sion of  a  portiou  of  it  to  his  son. 

P.  543.  Rear-Adm,  Tatham  entered 
the  navy  on  board  H.M.S.  Stag  the  7th 
Sept.  1769;  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Lieutenant  6th  Dec.  1776,  and  to  that  of 
Commander  2l8t  Sept.  1790.  In  last 
line  but  two, /or  "  Hornby  Castle  near 
Leeds,*'  read  near  Lancaster.  Second 
col.  line  4,/or  "  esq."  read  •*  gent.**;  line 
6,  for  Gargrove  read  Gargrave.  Line  14, 
read  as  follows.  At  the  Vork  Spring 
Assizes  in  1830  an  issue  from  the  Court 
of  Chancery  was  tried  Devisavit  vel  non, 
the  result  of  which  was  a  verdict  in  favour 
of  the  will,  and  the  consequent  dismissal 
of  the  bill  in  Equity;  but  further  pro- 
ceedings at  Common  Law  were  taken,  ife, 
A  dm.  Tatham  married  Anne,  daughter 
of  John  Davison,  esq.  M.D.  late  of  Not- 
tingham. He  has  devised  his  estates  to 
his  kinsman  Pudsey  Dawson,  esq.  of 
Sinnington  Manor,  co.  York. 

Ibid.  3.  Adm.  JtoUee  was  Fict-Ad- 
miral  of  the  Red,  having  attuned  that 
rank  in  1825. 

P.  545.  The  funeral  of  Dr.  Goodali 
took  place  on  the. 2d  of  April,  when  his 
body  was  interred  in  the  provost's  vault 
at  Eton  College  Chapel;  the  pall  sup- 
ported by  the  followHnff  Canons  of  Wind- 
sor :— The  Revs.  C.  Digby,  Hon.  H.  O. 
Cust,  C.  Proby,  D.  F.  Afarkliam,W.  Can- 
ning, E.  G.  Moore.  All  the  Fellows  and 
Masters  of  the  College  were  present,  with 
more  than  forty  of  the  deivy,  and  many 
gentry  uf  the  neighbourhood.  The  pro- 
cession was  preceded  by  the  whole  of 
the  students  on  the  foundation,  new!/  70 


1840.] 


Obituary, 


671 


in  number,  in  hatbandt  and  cloaks,  and 
the  interior  of  the  choir  was  occupied 
by  upwards  of  500  oppidans  and  the 
numerous  families  of  those  connected 
with  the  college.  A  subscription  has  been 
formed  to  erect  a  monument  in  Flton 
College  Chapel,  to  the  memonr  of  the 
late  Provost.  At  the  head  of  the  list 
stands  the  name  of  her  Majesty  the  Queen 
Dowager,  and  amongst  the  subscribers 
are  the  Dukes  of  Northumberland,  Buc- 
cleuch,  Buckingham  and  Chandos,  and 
Newcastle ;  the  Marquesses  Wellesley  and 
Downnhire ;  Earls  of  Malmesbury,  Fowis, 
Dartmouth,  Comwallis,  Brecknock, 
Howe,  Burlington,  EUenborough,  Brown- 
low,  and    Eomney ;  Lords   Braybrooke, 


Bolton,  Lyttelton,  Methuen,  and  Sydney 
Osborne ;  Bishops  of  Winchester,  Ban. 
gor,  Carlisle,  and  Chester,  &c.  &c.  It  ia 
expected  that  more  than  ;^,000  will  be 
ultimately  subscribed.  Throughout  a  long 
and  useful  life  Dr.  Goodall  was  celebrated 
for  many  unostentatious  acts  of  benevo- 
lence. Amongst  these  may  be  mentioned 
his  founding  a  scholarship  of  fifty  pounds 
per  annum,  to  be  held  for  four  years  at 
either  of  the  Universities  of  Oxford  or 
Cambridge. 

P.  558,  col.  2;  for  Baron  Winn  r$ad 
Baron  Headley.  The  funeral  of  Lord 
Headley  took  place  on  the  16th  of  April, 
when  his  body  was  deposited  in  the  vault 
of  the  new  Protestant  church  at  Aghadoe. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  April  28  to  May  26,  1840. 


Christened. 
Males         516 
Females     526 


I 


1042 


Buried. 
Males         524  ) 
Females     519  S 


Whereof  have  died  under  two  years  old  ...276 


V  1 


2 

5 

10 

20 


and 
and 
and 
and 


30  and 
40  and 


10 
20 
30 
40 
50 


104 
63 
48 
76 

103 


50  and    60  77 

60  and    70  97 

70  and    80  78 

80  and    90  26 

90  and  100  2 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  May  22. 


Wheat. 
#.     d. 

68    8 


Barley. 

t,     d. 

39     6 


Oats. 
#.     d. 

26    0 


Rye. 
#.     d. 
37    4 


Beans. 
t.     d. 
42  11 


Peas. 
#•    d. 
41     7 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,   May  22. 
Sussex  Pockets,  2/.  Ot.  to  31,  5t.— Kent  Pockets,  2/.  2t.  to  5/.  15ff. 


PRICE   OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  May  26. 

Hay,  4/.  Of.  to  4/.  I5# Straw,  1/.  16*.  to  2/.  2#.— Clover,  3/.  10*.  to  5/.  ISt. 

S M I T  H  FI E  LD,  May  25.     To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  Slbs. 


Beef 3*. 

Mutton 4*. 

Veal 5». 

Pork 4*. 

Lamb ^• 


4d.  to  4*.  8J. 

Od,  to  5*.  2d. 

Od,  to  5*.  Sd. 

U.  to  5*.  id, 

Od,  to  7f.  Od, 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  May  25. 

Beasts 1613    Calves  189 

Sheep  and  Lamb825^490    Pigg    005 


COAL  MARKET,  May  25. 
Walts  Ends,  from  16*.  Od.  to  22*.  9d.  per  ton.     Other  sorts  from  16'.  0^.  to  80«.  01. 

TALLOW,  per cwt.— Town  Tallow,  50*.  Od,     Yellow  Russia,  50*.  6J. 
CANDLES,  8*.  Od.  per  doz.    Moulds,  9*.  6d. 


PRIC£S  OF  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Bkotherb,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 

23,  Change  Alley,  Comhill. 

Birmingham  Canal,  217. Ellesmere  and     Chester,  82i. Grand    Junetlo 

150. Kennet  and  Avon,  261 Leeds  and  Liverpool,  760. Regent's,    12 

Rochdale,  105. London  Dock  Stock,  661- St.  Katharine's,  100. East 

and  West  India,  104. Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railwiv,  183. Grand  June- 

lion  Water  Works.  66|.- West  Middlesex,  96. Globe  Insurance,    125.—— 

Guardian,  37§. Hope,  5i, Chartered  Gas,  57. Imperial  Gas,  54 . 

PhflsnU  Gas,  a0|. Independent  Gas,  50. General  United  Gas,  34. Canada 

Land  C<HDpany,  35.— ^RcTenionvy  Interest,  13i. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIAItV,  by  W.CARY,  Stramd, 

From  April  2G  lo  JUay  Sj,  11)40,  Mh  iwlaHve. 
ilirmluif.  liHTm.  ,1  F»lin'iihcif«  Tb«nn. 


i3!ll  i  «i  I 


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«9! 

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il^ 

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in.pf,. 

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ifi 

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m 

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67 

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,  17   do.  do. 

a 

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,  30   do.  do. 

2i 

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■i:. 

69 

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INDEX 


TO    ESSAYS,    DISSERTATIONS,    AND    HISTORICAL   FASSAGJ 


%*  T%e  principal  Memoirs  in  the  Obituary  are  distinctly  entered  in 

tlie  **  Index  to  Essays,** 


Ahhoisford  Club,  meeting  of  303 
Ahigenses,  MSS.   found  relating  to  the 

Crusade  against  the  406 
Admimsfration  of  Justice  Bill  640 
Africa^  attack  upon  the  French  Colony 

at  Algeria  80,  642 
Agas^s  Map  of  Dunwich,  450. 
Agricultural  Society,  Royal  514 
/Albert i  Prince,  parliamenta^'y  proceed- 
ings relatinf(  to  his  naturalization  and 
provision  194,  305,  306.  his  arrival  at 
Dover  308.    marriage  ih, 
Allen,  J.  memoir  of  2J4 
Amardkockay  by  M.  Loiseleur-Deslong- 

champs  406 
/^mmca,  incendiary  fires  at  Mobile  81. 
destruction  of  the  Exchange  at  New 
Orleans  by  fire  531 
Anastasi  Collection  at  Brit.  Mus.  77 
Antarctic  Expedition,  progress  of  the  631 
Antiguanes,  Society  of,  proceedings  of  73, 

191,  304,416,  518,633 
Antiquities,  description  of  an  engraved 
piece  of  crystal  73.  also  a  small  cup, 
silver  gilt  ib.  several  relics  ascribed  to 
Charlemagne  tZr.  drawings  of  sepulchral 
brasses  74.  dissertation  on  Runes  ib, 
seal  of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Lich- 
field 76.  Psalter  of  the  15th  Century 
ib.  paintings  discovered  in  Barfreston 
church  ib.  silver  reliquary  304.  Roman 
urns  found  in  Kent  ib.  Roman  inscrip- 
tion di-icovered  on  the  coast  of  Glamor- 
gan, ib.  gold  ring  found  in  Rhosilly 
sands,  Glamorganshire  368.  antiqui« 
ties  found  near  Brighton  416.  Roman 
skeleton  found  in  Bow  Lane  420.  two 
ancient  guns  found  at  Dover  518.  gold 
ornaments  discovered  in  a  pyramid  at 
Meroe  633.  relics  found  in  the  lime- 
stone hills,  Yorkshire  ib,  antiquities 
found  in  a  barrow  of  the  Bartlow  &:roup 
634.  ^       ^ 

Aphidna,  site  of  the  city  of  1 83 
Arabian  Nights,  translation  of  into  Hin- 
dustani 407 
Archaeology,  Egyptian,  works  on  420 
Architects,   Royal  Institute   of  British, 

meetings  of  72,  302,  632 
Architecture  of  the  Nineteenth  Century, 

409 
Argyle,  Duke  of,  memoir  of  86 
Armour  and  Arms  (English)  in  the  reigns 

of  Eliz.  and  Jas.  I.  343 
Arnold,  Lt.-Col.  memoir  uf  435 
Art  Union,  meeting  of  the  623 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


Athos,  Mount,  monasteries  at  419 
Bdbington*s  Conspiracy,  charges  of 

prosecution  491 
Bacon,  P.  will  of  670 
Banking  Committee  appointed  422, ' 
BafTow,  ancient,  opening  of  78 
Bath,  new  chapel  in  Avon-street  81 
Beauclerk,  J,  memoir  of  332 
Beding,  Lower,  Sussex,  Chapel  erecti 

at  81 
Beer  Bill  527 
Belgium,  tower  of  the  Hotel  d'Egmont 

demolished  638 
Belt,  R,  memoir  of  213 
Beresford,  Lord  G,  memoir  of  89 
Berkshire  Ashmolean  Society  63 1 
Bibles,  extensive  purchases  of  old  Bibles 

by  the  Duke  of  Lucca  406 
Biographical  Dictionary,  New  Generalr 

Mr.  Corney's  strictures  upon  585 
Birmingham,  description  of  the  church 

of  St.  Peter's  311.     damages  awarded 

for  riots  in  424 
Bishop,  Rev.  S.  vindication  of  487 
Blackburne,  Major- Gen,  Sir  W.  memoir 

of  92 
Blunt,  Sir  C.  R.  memoir  of  430 
Bond,  F.  G.  memoir  of  321 
Booksellers*  Provident  Institution  5 1 4 
BosstteVs  Exposition,  correction  respect- 
ing 472,  562 
BoswelVs  Johnson,  notes  on  353 
Botanical  Society,  meeting  of  the  71,408 
Bow  £>/i72f,Roman  skeleton  found  in  420 
Bremhill  CAi/rc^, Trt/^*,antiquities  in  2T I 
Bricks,  moulded,  of  the  reign  of  Henry 

VIII.  46 
Brimscombe,  new  church  at  533 
Bristol,  first  common  seal  of  338 
— ^—  Cathedral,  re-opening  of  643 
British  Institution,  exhibition  of  5 1 1 

Museum,  purchase  of  a  statue  for 

518 
Britons,  Ancient,  polytheism  of  the  134. 

druidical  remains  in  Yorkshire  135 
Brougham,  E.  death  of  221 
Buckingham,  Duke  of,  bis  collection  of 

pictures    removed  to  the  gallery   at 

Stow  188 
Budget,  the  640 

Burdett,  Sir  C,  W.  memoir  of  647 
Burghley,  Lord,  not  a  Romanist  246 
Butler,  Dr,  Samuel,  Bishop  of  Lichfield, 

memoir  of  203.     will  of  670 
Byim,  Maj.  A.  E.  memoir  of  435 
Caldwell,  Maj.  -  Gen,  Sir  A.  memoi  r  of  206 

4R 


074 


Index  to  Essatfi,  &c. 


(Uimhrulfie  Jnthpinrittn  S^H'i^•^^f,  meeting 

Camden  SiH'icft/^  iii^titutiun  uf 

7^.     inr«*tiiic;n  of  515,  <i35 

^ 'n  1  rf  I** f /^,  |)r I /.(r  BiibjpctsGdjldO 


i'umHcn  Sm'irt^,  iinclifi^  of  G^O 

(.iinuda  (ivrernmmt  Hill  .*iC(>,  5*9 

Canadian  CIcrftjf  Reterres  <i39 

Can7ion,  ancient ^  (i>uitd  in  the  Uland  of 
W  III  I  If « ,  LaiiC.  78 

Cantt'rturt/  Cathedral ^  repairs  at  82 

Cartoons,  exhibition  of  *104 

Cervetri,  imperial  itaturi  found  at4 18.^36 

Champagni,  (Jem.  Sir  J.  memoir  of  549 

Champnejft,  Sir  T.  S.  M.  memoir  of  205 

ChartemagnOf  account  of  relicn  ascribed 
to  73 

Ckarlei  I.  appearance  on  bin  disinter- 
ment 196,  3S6.  Queen  llenrietia'ii  re- 
ception of  the  tidings  of  hit  death, r.7 
account  of  various  expenses  when 
Prince,  493 

-^— -—  Il.qf  Spain,  character  of  GIO 

Chartists,  trial  of,  at  Monmouth  108, 
motion  for  pardon,  493.  further  out- 
breaks of  the  Chartists  198.  sentence 
pRS«ed  upon  the  539 

Chatham,  Ld.  8peech»*s  of  940.  bis  cha- 
racter 56:).  correspondence  5G8.  his 
poetry  575 

CAWwf^/rtM^.descr  ption  of  a  ceiling  in  the 
Black  lioy  Inn  4G9,  5G9 

Philosophical  Society,  anni- 
versary dinner  71 

Chester,  surnames  of  the  Earls  of  338 

China,  violent  outrages  against  the  En- 
glish 195.  war  in  307,  493.  parliamen- 
tary proceedinKS  respecting  5S8 

Churcfies,  new,  8 1 ,  G43 

Church  Kates,  306 

Cirencester,  Roman  antiquities  found 
at  199 

<ipi7  Engineers,  Institution  of,  distribu- 
tion of  the  premiums  of  the,  309 

College  of,  election  of 

professors  515 

Clarke,  Sir  S.  sale  of  his  pictures  694 

Clennell,  L.  memoir  of  437 

Oifton,  cavern  found  at  St.  Vincent's 
rocks  494 

Cocker,  the  Arithmetician,  petition  to  the 
Treasurer  for  reward  granted  him  493. 
further  particulars  respecting 600, 603 

Coffin,  Mm.  Sir  Isaac,  memoir  of  205 

Coins,  ancient,  forgery  of  9.  discovery  of 
coins  MtBrampton  near  Huntingdon79. 
collection  of  490.  Roman  coins  found 
at  Pevensey  520 

Co/o^tf,fundset  apart  by  the  government 
for  the  repair  of  the  cathedral  80 

Conjtdence  in  the  Administration,  motion 
of  want  of  305 

Const,  F,  memoir  of  212 

Constabulary  Force  of'  England  and 
JVales  52G 


Cooper,  Sir  F.  G,  memoir  nf  647 

Copyright  Bill  30G,  307 

Corn,  importation  of  foreign  597 

Couesnou,  etymology  of  598 

Cjouncil  of  Trent,  authority  of  iti  de- 
crees in  matters  of  Faith  146.  their 
reception  in  France  147-151,  S49,958. 
In  Germany  249,  259,  479 

Cycles,  Ancient,  the  use  of  the  181 

Daniell,  T,  memoir  of  549 

Dauhvx,  l«  C.  memoir  of  819 

Davison,  fV,  charges  of  his  mitiiont  into 
Scotland  601 

Denmark,  Frederick  King  of,  memoir 
of  86 

Desclieux,  M,  his  generosity  respecting 
the  coffee  tree  at  Martinique  136 

Dickenson,  Capt.  R.  memoir  of  434 

Dickson,  Affy,-  Gen.  Sir  A.  memoir  of  650 

Dorsetshire,  Saxon  Dialect  of,  observa- 
tions on  31 

Doyle  Major-  Gen.  SirF.  H.  memoir  of  90 

Drummond,  T.  memoir  of  656 

Dudley,  Earl  of,  Lt>tters  to  the  Bp.  of 
Llandaff339.  character  of  their  au- 
thor 341.  and  of  bis  letters  348.  bis 
opinion  of  Scott's  novels  349.  of 
Lord  Byron  343 

Duff,  Gen.  Sir  J,  memoir  of  319 

Duff'erin  and  Claneboye,  Ld.  memoir  of  88 

Dunwich,  Agas's  Map  of  450 

Durham,  MSS.  from  the  Library  of  the 
Cathedral  151 

■  Gen.  memoir  of  651 

Ecclesiastical  Duties  and  Revemtes  Bill 
598 

Edinburgh,  PUt  Prize  awarded  688 

Edward  IF.  Baker's  account  of  bis  mar- 
riage 38 

Elhabeth,  Queen,  Letters  reUting  to  the 
overture  of  marriage  with  the  Due 
D'Alen^on   191 

Ellis,  Sir  IF.  C.  memoir  of  fl83 

Enniskillen,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  538 

Eton  College,  elections  in  698 

Evil,  the  King's,  number  of  persons 
touched  in  1667»  493 

Exchequer  Records,  mutilation  of  4I8> 
489.  specimens  of  489^496,  601— 
GOG.     sale  of  495 

Faqeer,  meaning  of  the  word  88 

Fires.  At  Rufford  Hall,  Notta  196.  the 
Independent  Chapel  at  Liverpool  to- 
tally consumed  494.  fire  at  Pewterers* 
Hall,  Lime  Street,  ih.  two  destme- 
tive  fires  in  the  village  of  Furdlngton 
539.  the  Cork  Theatre  destroyed  iSb, 
fire  at  Rotberhitbe  649.  at  York 
Minster  643 

First  Fruits  and  Tenths  498 

Fitton,  A.  particulars  respecting  509 

Flour  Importation  (Ireland)  Biii  307 

Foster,  Mrs.  a  Recusant  at  York^  narra- 
tive of  her  sufferings  465 

FoXf  C  J.  an  accomplished  debatar  848 


Judex  to  Essays^  S^c. 


FramUngham  Ca5^/f,  account  of  177 

— — ^ Churchy  monuments  in  1 80 

Francey  regignation  of  the  Ministers 307* 
new  Ministry  formed  423.  proceed- 
ings in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  530. 
project  for  removing  the  ashes  of  the 
Emperor  Napoleon  641 
FrancUf  Sir  P,  his  style  of  writing  233. 
claimtothe  authorship  of  Junius  i&.  459 
French    Antiquarian    Intelligence    417> 

523,  637 
French  Historical  Commission^  proceed- 
ings of  156 
■  -  Literary  Intelligence  513 

Geological  Societi/,  meeting  of  the  407 
Geology  not  at  variance  with  Scripture 

389 
George  III,  remarks  on  his  character  by 

Lord  Brougham  239 
Gerard,  Capt.  A.  memoir  of  324 
Germany y  extracts  from  Jahn's  137 
CibsoUf  the  sculptor,  works  of  404 
Gilbertf  Davies,  memoir  of  208 
Glamorgan,  Roman   Inscription   found 

at  304 
Glynn  Taff,  Newbridge y  new  church  at  82 
Goethe's  Table  Talk  25 
GoodaUy  Rev.  Dr.  memoir  of  545>  670 
Gott,  B.  memoir  of  323 
Gounter   Family,     epitaph    in    Racton 

Church,  Sussex  599 
Greek  Monument  purchased  for  the  Brit. 

Mus.  192 
Greenwichy  early  traces  of  a  royal  resid- 
ence at  21.     palace   rebuilt  by  Hum- 
phrey,  Duke  of  Gloucester   i6.      its 
subsequent   history   22 — 24.     Hentz- 
ner's  account  of,   temp.  Elizabeth  23. 
consecration  of  Trinity  Church  533 
Gresham  Lectures  513 
Guisborough  Priory,  founder  of  226 
Gunpov>der  Tieason,  not  justified  by  the 
principles  of  the  Church  of  Rome  280. 
two  letters  illustrative  of  416 
Halkett,  Adm.  Sir  P.  memoir  of  90 
Hallam*s   Literary  History,  remarks  on 

143,  249 
Halliday,  Sir  A.  memoir  of  93 
Hampton  Court  Palace,  observations  on 

453 
Hancock,  Rear-Adm.  memoir  of  430 
Hanover,  new  constitution  proposed  530 
Hastings,  March'ness  JDot&.memoir  of  3 1 6 
Hathaway,  A.  particulars  respecting  451 
Hay,  Rev.  W.  R.  memoir  of  95 
Hayter*s  picture  of  the  Coronation  404 
Heresy,    capital    punishment    of     252. 
when  last  inflicted    amongst  Protest- 
ants ib,    Roman   Catholic  opponents 
of  255 
Heretics,  keeping  faith  with  143 
Herne^s  Oaky  identity  of  243,  244,  381 
Hersham,  new  Chapel  at  82 


■I  -• 


Hesse  Homburg^  Landgravine  of, 
moir  oT  315 

Hewitt,  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  G,  memoir  oi 

Hill,  Capt.  W.  memoir  of  431 

Hilton,  fK  memoir  of  213 

Hincksman,  J.  memoir  of  657 

Hindoo  Faqeers,  sects  and  observa 
of  28,  226 

Holmes,  Lt,-Col.  S.  memoir  of  434 

Holroyd,  J.  death  of  216 

Hoo,  ancient  barony  of  338,  parisl 
677,  and  church  of  St.  Werburga 

Hope,  H.  P.  memoir  of  21 1 

Horticultural  Society,  meeting  of  630 

"Hould  of  Humility,'*   by    J.    1 
scarcity  of  and  extracts  from  385 

Huddersfield,  Roman  antiquities  found 
near  521,  636 

Hugo,  Victor,  Goethe's  remarks  on  25 

Hypocaust,  Roman,  discovery  of  521 

India,  Joudpore  and  Kurnaul  surrendeiv 
ed  to  the  British  80.  first  stone  laid 
of  a  new  Cathedral  at  Calcutta  195. 
capture  of  Khelat  307.  hurricane  and 
inundation  on  the  coast  of  Pondicheriy 
531.     attack  upon  Peshoot  t6. 

Indian  Army,  vote  of  thanks  to  421 

Irish  Cbrpoiations  Bill 301,421,  422,639 

Jackson,  Dr.  Cyril,  character  of  by  Lord 
Dudley  347 

Jahn*8  Historical  Essay  on  Germany] 37 

Jamaica,  opening  speech  of  the  new 
governor  8 1 

/amtf« /.  his  learning  118.  remarks  on 
bis  proclamation  on  the  observance  of 
the  Sabbath  1 19.  character  of  Anne 
of  Denmark  ib.  cause  of  the  death  of 
Prince  Henry  120 

Job,  Book  of,  thoughts  on  184 

Jones,  Col,  J.  the  Regicide,  not  related 
to  the  Joneses  of  Chilton-grove  2.  fur- 
ther account  270,  381 

Jortin,  Dr,  critique  on  353.  defence  of 
485 

Junius*s  Letters,  their  authorship  235, 
564,  and  merits  ib.  claims  of  Sir 
P.  Francis  233,  459.  review  of  pub- 
lications respecting  Junius  467.  dis- 
puted authfUiicity  of  his  Miscella- 
neous Letters  468 

Kanturk,  co.  Cork,  moving  bog  at  196 

Kemp,  Wilt,  notice  of  507 

Kensington  Literary  Institution,  lectures 
for  the  season  191 

King,  Lt.'Gen.  Sir  H.  memoir  of  89 

King's  College,  meeting  of  628 

Kingseote,  Col.  memoir  of  322 

Kingston,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  88 

Klaproth,  M.  sale  of  the  library  of  406 

Laesten,  Jutland,  articles  of  amber  found 

at  419 
Lampadophoria,  remains  of  the  game 
•till  in  existence  352 


676 


Index  to  Essays,  i[C. 


iMHfaMhire,   ancient   cannon    found    at 

Wiihicy  7H.     land  reilaimrd  53'2 
LMngnajfCf  Saxon  dialect  of  Dorsetshire 

M 
Jm  Ptacty  M,  </«,  account  of  5f)5 
tMveuham,    Suffolk  t     epitaph     in    the 

chorrhyard  at  14^2 
Levenihorpe  Monumenlt   in  Sawbridge- 

worth  Church  141 
I^ewit^  .4/.  S.  biuf^raphy  of  169 
Lincoln^  Roman  inscripiitnis  at  79 
IMerary  Characters,  memorial*  of  595 

Fund,  meeiii  ^  of  the  41^ 

Literature,  Diary  of  a  L'*verof  458 
Jjtndon  Itistitution,  nnvtiiig  of  the  63^ 
Long,  Sir  li,  letters  written  duriitg  the 

plat;ue  (t05 
Lyme  and  Seaton^  co.  Dtvonshire,  land- 
slip at  \i)Q 
Lyttelton,  Ladt/,  death  of  557 
Maces,  Official,  meaning  of  inquired  for 
1GB.  particulars  respecting  4U1.  their 
antiquity  and  use  485 
Mackie,  Maj.  IV,  memoir  of  208 
Maclean,  C.  II.  memoir  of  94 
■  Maj.' Gen.  Sir  J.  memoir  of  91 

Mancelihie  [Iju),  eiymolo{;y  of  598 
Mansfield,  Earl  of,  mansion  of  4^8 
AJS,  Libraries,  faie  of  ancient  151 
Manzoni's  Ode  on  tlie  bth  May,  Goethe's 

remarks  on  25 
Marathon,  Battle  of  \^2 
Markets,  prices  of  111,  223,    335,  447, 

559,671 
Marlborough^  Duke  of ,  memoir  of  537 
MartJiall,  Cheshire,  new  Chapel  at  81 
Martock,  Somerset,  new  Chapel  at,  643 
Aleales,  or  Meols,  mcanint;  of  41 
Melancfithofi,  /Metiers  of  in  existence  60 
Meteorological  Diary,  1 12,  224, 336, 448, 

560,  673 
Microscopical  Society,  meeting  of  the  408 
Mile  End,  new  Church  at  82 
— ^-^-^  New  Town,  new  Church  at  82 
AJ ill  on*  s  second  Marriage,  register  of  597 
AJonumental  Inscriptions,  suggestion  re- 
specting 450,  600 
Alorley,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  539 
Mortality,    bill  of  111,   223,  335,  447, 

559,671 
AlounVs  Bay,  ancient  ship  discovered  at 

79 
Afowhray  Inhei'itance, partition  of  the450 
Aluch  Cowarn  Church,  Hereford,  struck 

by  lightning  308 
Mummy,  Egyptian,  unrolling  of  420 
Naples,  dispute  with  Great  Britain  re- 
specting a  monopoly  of  sulphur  530 
Nasynyth,  A.  memoir  of  658 
Navy,  f  barges  of  ihe  ships  in  the  narrow 
seas  1595,  492 

Estimates  42 1 

Neale,   Adm,    Sir  H,    B.    memoir    of 
540 


Necker,  Atont.  character  of  S31 
Nelson's  Monument,  London,  estimate  642 
Newport,  aliar    piece    for    St.    WoUos 

Church  188 
-^—  Sir  J,  parliamentary  proceedings 

respecting  his  pension  421 
Newspaper,  Printed,  error  respecting  the 

earliest  61 
Nonsuch,    removal     of    the  Exchequer 

thither  606 
North  Meols,  Lane,  account  of  the  pa- 
rish of  41 
North- ff^est  Passage,  discovery  of  the  630 
Nour-Mahal,  history  of  361 
Nova  Scotia  Baronets,  precedence  of  40, 

114 
Overbury,  Sir  T,  opinions  respecting  his 

death  122.     his  poetry  125 
Ouford,  memorial  of  Cranmer,  Ridley, 

and  Latimer  412,  516.  prizes  awarded 

627 
Society  of    Gothic  Architecture, 

meetings  of  72,  303,  411,  515 
Painting,  Old,  discovered  at  Weymouth 

188 
Panoramas,  of  Versailles  188.  of  Benares 

404 
Paris,  Archhp,  of,  memoir  of  817 
Parliament,  proceedings  in  193, 305, 421, 

526,  639. 
/'aiV/trnon,  architecture  andsculpture  51 9 
Penny  Postage,  commencement  of  the 

197,  532 
Penrith,  common  seal  of  360 
Penshurst,  pictures  at  451 
Perceval,  extraordinary  dream  respecting 

his  murder  232 
Peterborough,  new  gaol  at  64S 
Pevensey,  Roman  coins  found  at  520 
Phillimore,  Capt.  Sir  J.  memoir  of  659 
Phillips,  Capt.  C.  memoir  of  432 
Pictures,  sale  of  Sir  S.  Clarke's  634 
Pitt,  Mr.  letters  to  his  parents  571-5 
Pitts,  IV.  sculptor,  memoir  of  661 
Plato's  Banquet,  elucidation  of  a  passage 

in  480 
Poisson,  Mons.  memoir  of  SS% 
Poole,  A.  and  E,,  particulars   respect- 
ing their  confinement  iu  the  Tower 

491 
Portugal,  new  ministry  80 
Poyntz,  W*  S.  memoir  of  653 
Presentation  to  Idvings  in  Scotland  Bill 

639 
President,  Steam  Ship,  the  dimeusioDS 

of  196 
Prevost,  Mons,  memoir  of  550 
Ptinted  Papers  Bill  A9%  5S6,  5S8,  529 
Printing,  remarks  on   its  introduction 

into  Ireland   144.    earliest  at  Dublin 

ib,     at  Waterford  146 
Prol^,  Capt,  W,  H,  B.  memoir  of  439 
JJueens  Speech  193 
Ranuden,  Sir  J,  property  of  670 


Index  to  Essays,  8(C> 


]eeve,  Mr,  R,  memoir  of  325 
legistration  Vbtera  Bill  639 
egistration  of  footers  (Ireland)  Bill  526, 

641 
lennell,  Dr.  memoir  of  654 
Rhone,  discoveries  in  the  bed  of  the  637 
RhdsiUy   SandSf    Glamorganshire,   gold 

Gothic  ring  found  in  368 
Richard8on*8  New  English  Dictionary, 

answer  to  critical  notice  of  153 
Rievaulx  Abbey,  catalogue  of  the  MSS. 

in  the  Library  of  152 
Rochester,  John  Earl  of,  certificate  of 

his  death  494 
Rolles,  R,  memoir  of  543,  670 
Roman  Academy  of  Archteology  418,  636 
■  College,  fire  iu  the  Library  of  the 

406 
Rome,  merit  of  its  ancient  buildings  344. 

description   of    St.    Peter's    by  Lurd 

Dudley  345 
Royal  Asiatic  Society,  meeting  of  629 

Exchange,  designs  for  the  33 

Society,  meetings  of  the  70,  190, 

407,  628 
RuneSt  Anglo-Saxon,  dissertation  on  73 
Russia,   declaration    of  war  against   the 
Khan  of  Chiva  196.     conflict  between 
the  Russian  and  Chivian  cavalry  424. 
failure  of  the  Russian  Expedition  531 
Sackoille,  T.   his  poetical  genius  121 
St,  Augustine*s  Cante7'bury,  catalogue  of 

MSS.  in  the  Library  of  152 
St,  Bartholomew  by  the  Exchange,  de- 
scription of  the  Church  of  461 
St,  Benet  Fink  Church,  description  of  463 
St,  Helen's,  Lancashire, Church  and  Town 

Hall  opened  at  82 
St.  Mary  Aldermary,  notice  of  502 
St.    Thomases  Hospital,  first  stone  of  a 

new  wing  laid  532 
Salonica,  account  of  the  town  of  420 
Sanctuaries  in  Bretagne  and  England  365 
Savage,  R,  parentage  of  596 
Sawbridgeworlh  Church ,  presumed  Plan- 
tagenet    Monuments     at,    explained 
away  140 
Schutz,  T,  memoir  of  95 
Scott,  Sir   IV,   correspondence    with  R. 
Surtees  8.     opinion   of  his  novels  by 
Lord  Dudley  342.     Latin  versus  by, 
translated  559 
Seals,  of  Penrith  360  ancient  Irish  419 
Staton,  Ld,  Annuity  Bill  527,  529 
Sepulchral  Monuments,   preservation  of 

601 
Shakespeare,  contniversy  respecting  the 
Orthography  of  39,  161,  262,  264,369, 
374,  379,  474,  591.  disquisition  on 
the  Tempest  49,  166.  order  of  the 
publication  of  his  Plays  260.  the 
Quarto  Editions  ib,  license  to  the 
Duke  of  York's  Company  of  Players, 
1611,  268.  illustrations  of  Sbakspeare 
ib,    pronuDciatiou  of  the  name  270 


Skahespeare,  J,  bit  maker  to  Chi 

documents  respecting  604 
Shares,  prices  of  1 1 1,  223, 335, 44 

671 
Shoreditch,  old  house  at  520 
Shottesbrooke  Church,  Berkshire,  d€ 

tive  account  of  128 
Sigalon,  M,  pictures  by  404 
Smith,  fV.  memoir  of  ^Q 
Socialism,  address  to  her  Majesty  up* 
Somerset,  early  history  of  the  bisbo 

of  505 
Southport,  Lane,  Topographical  no 

of  41 
Southwark,    Roman    buildings    in 
great  fire  of  in  1676,  359.     old  fo 
St.  George's  Church  367 
Southwold,  litigation  in  iheborougbo 
Spain,   trifling  rencontres  in  80. 

tinued  war  in  530,  642.     new  admiiiif.i 
tration  530 
Spalding  Club,  formation  of  the  302 
Speen,  Berks,  new  Church  at  81 
Stael,  Madm,  de,  and  M,  de  L,  Tolenddi 

595 
Stair,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  647 
Stalybridge,     Cheshire,   Church    of   St. 

Paul's  consecrated  81 
Stanhope,  Hon.  L.  memoir  of  647 
State  Paper  Office,  errors  in  publications 
from   295.     Calendars    of  documents 
in  progress   245.     their  advisableness 
discussed  383,  473,  584 
Statistical  Society,  meeting  of  514 
Steele,   Sir  Richard,  frte  gift   to  from 

Geo.  1.  494 
Stockdale     v.    Hansard,   Parliamentary 
proceedings  respecting  the  action   of 
194,  306,307,  422 
Stocks,  prices  of  1 12,  224,  336,  448, 560, 

672 
Stonehenge,  account  of  273 
Stour-Paine,  Dorset,  Roman  Antiquities 

found  at  635 
Sullivan,  Rt.  Hon.  J,  memoir  of  428 
Surrey,  Earl  of',  monument  of,  in  Fram- 

lingham  Church  180 
Surtees,  R,  memoir  of  3.     Latin  Poem 

by  599 
Sutton,  T.  birthplace  of  1 14 
Switzerland,  Revolution  in  the  Canton 

of  Ticino  80 
Tatham,  Rear-Adm,  memoir  of  543, 670 
Testus    Fluvius,  ancient  name  of   the 

river  Couesnon  598 
Tlieatrical  Register  3 1 1 
Thierry,  M.  new  work  by  407 
Thomhorough,  Bucks,  opening  of  an  an- 
cient barrow  at  78 
Thornton,  Lt.'Gen,  Sir  W,  memoir  of  648 
Thorpe,  J,  enquiries  respecting  114 
Tonge,  near  Middleton,  N  ewChurch  at  8 1 
Tooke,  H,  character  of  237,  596 

i or  Toke,  particulars  respecting 

the  family  of  37,  338 


G7H 


Indrx  to  Booki  Revhwcd. 


Topographical  Societies,  format  imi  uf  (>31 

Tower,  The,  cliarf!;ci  uf   the   LieuteiiHiit 

for  the  kefp  uf  the  |irisoiiers  in  ISGB, 

Treranion,  J.  T,  P.  B.  memoir  of  544 

Trinity  ColUget  Dublin  (>:i8.     new  kla- 
lute  in  (>'.'7 

Trollof>e,  Sir  fi.  memnir  of  320 

Turner,  Kee,  O.  mfmuir  of  100 

United  Service  Institution  5 1 3 

University  College,  meeting  of  G28 

yespa,  Ruiiit  ai  \[)^ 

Victoria,  (/uein,  msirriige  of  308 

>  and  i'rince  jflbert,  minia- 
ture porlr^iils  uf  188 

Ward,  fy.  J.  memuir  of  439 

fl'arren,  Hear- jf dm.  Sir  S.  memoir  of  02 

ff^ebb.  Col.  memoir  of  94 

WeUh  Alatiuscripts,  jlncient.  Society  for 
the  publicatiun  of  190 


fFestminster  Play,  account  of  the  68 
ff'idevitle,  K.    biograiihy    of    38.      ber 

marriafce  with  Edward  IV.  i6. 
Wilkinson,  Cen.  Sir  fV.  memoir  of  651 
Wiltshire  Topographical  Society  631 
JVindham,  chHracler  of  229 
ff^mg field  Castle,  account  of  178 
Wollaston,  C.  B,  memoir  of  544 
fVolsey,  ortbdfzraphy  of  180 
Wordsu^orthf  Rev,  J,  memoir  of  436 
fVurtetnberg,  Roman  Antiquities  disco- 

vered  on  the  banks  of  the  Neckar  C38 
Wyatville,  Sir  J.  memoir  of  545 
f^ynn,  Sir  W.  W,  memuir  of  429 
York  Aisnes  532 
Mnster,  fire  in  the  soui  h-west  tower 

uf  643 
Yorkshire,  Druidical  remains  in  135 
Zimmerman* 9  Aphorisms  607 


INDEX  TO  BOOKS  REVIEWED. 


Agnew,  li.  C.  the  application  of  the 
Quadrature  of  the  Circle  in  the  Pyra- 
mids of  Gizeh  176 

Albert,  Prince,  and  the  House  of  Saxony 
298 

America,  Diary  in  615 

Architecture,  Gli»s<;ary  uf  501 

Asia,  S.  Eastern,  Travels  in  175 

Australia,  South,  Voyages  in  614 

Austria  174 

Bat'hin,  P.  the  Eglintoun  Touritamtnt 
187 

Bethlem  Hospital,  proceedings  at  laying 
the  first  stone  283 

Biographical  Dictionary  new  general  497 

Blessington,  Lady,  the  Governess  618 

Bloomjield,  Rev.  S.  T,  Lexicon  to  the 
New  Testament  510 

Bourne  and  Britton,  London  and  Bir- 
mingham Railway  187 

Bridge  Building,  Treatise  on  284 

Brougham,  Lord,  Sketches  of  Statesmen 
227 

Bulwer,  Sir  E.  The  Sea  Captain  504 

Burbidge,  T.  Poems  57 

Caswall,  Rev.  H.  America  and  the  Ame- 
rican Chorch  402 

Cathedral  Bell  504 

Cator,  Rev,  C.  Sermons  620 

Cattermole,  Rev.  R,  Forty  Sermons  613 

Chatham,  Earl  of,  C*  rrespondence  563 

Church,  Established,  Evangelical  charac- 
ter of  54 

Church  qf  England,  Conversations  on 
the  621 

Collier,  J,  P.  further  particulars  regard- 
ing Shakespeare  273 

Conder,  T.  View  of  all  Religions  402 

Cook,E,  Poems  618 


Crabb,  G.  New  Pantheon  620 

Cressy^  1&\  Treatise  on  Bridge  Buildine 
284 

Danilefiky,  H.  M,  Campaign  in  France 
614 

Delxcia  Literaria  400 

Dudley,  Earl  of,  Letters  to  the   Bp.  of 
Llandaff339 

Duelling,  Thoughts  on  297 

Dyce,  Rev.  A,  Kemp's  Nine  Dales  Won- 
der 507 

Eames,  Rev.  J,  Christian  Watchfulness 
618 

Ecclesicutical  Documents  505 

Eglintoun  lymt-nament  187 

Elizabeth,  Queen  398 

England  during  the  Stuarts  1 15 

England,  Political  Songs  of  29^ 

*•  English  Mercurie,*'  (The)  6 1 

Family  Prayers  621 

Farr,  Rev.  T,  Remedy  for  the  Distresses 
of  the  Nation  394 

Feltham*s  Resolves  40S 

Ftaxman's  Lectures  on  Sculpture  397 

France  in  181 4,  Campaign  in  614 

Geological  Science  and  Holy  Scriptures, 
relation  between  389 

Giles,  Rev.  J.  A.  Greek  Lexicon  64 

Gizeh,  Pyramids  of,  the  application  of 
the  Quadrature  of  the  Circle  in  the  176 

Goode,  Rev.  W.  Church  Rates  6S0 

Goodhugh,  ir.  Study  of  Biblical  Litera- 
ture 296 

Greek  Lexicon  64 

Grey,  Rev.  T.  and  Rev,  T,  Macguire, 
Report  of  the  discussion  between  6SS 

Guy  Fawies  280 

Hayward,  J.  Queen  Elizabeth  398 

History,  Ancient,  View  of  284 


Index  to  Books  Rtrvieooed, 


HohsoHf  Rev,  J,  Sermons  66 

Hoime,  H.  H.  B,  Guide  of  the  Hebrew 

Student  4ai 
Hoohy  W.  F.  Sermon  620 
Hooker**  Ecclesiastical  Polity ,  Selections 

from  56 
Howardy  R.  B.  On  Deficiency  of  Food  620 
Howittf  W,  Visits  to  Remarkable  Places 

451 
Hunter,  Rev,  J.  Shakespeare's  Tempest 

49.     Ecclesiastical  Documents  505 

Rev,  W.  M,  Sermons  403 

Hussey,  Rev.  R.  On  Education  621 
Infant  Schools,  Moral  Lessons  for  623 
Irvine,  A.  London  Flora  621 
James,  G,  P.  R,  Henry  of  Guise  403 
Jesse,  J,  H,  Court  of    England  during 

the  Stuarts  115 
Jones,  J,  The  Cathedral  Bell  504 
^^-  R.  Medical  Education  296 
Keightley,  T.  Ovid's  Fasti  58 
Kemp^s  Nine  Daies  Wonder  507 
Kolff,  Jun,  Voyages  through  the  Mol- 

luccan  Archipelago  298 
Lathbury,  Rev,  T,  Guy  Fawkes  280 
Lau7'ie,   P,    Proceedings  at   laying  the 

first  stone  of  Betblem  Hospital  283 
Leigh,  ly,  H,  Voyages  in  South  Austra- 
lia 614 
Lewis,  M.  A.  Life  and  Correspondence  1 69 
Literature,  Royal  Society  of,  Transac 

tions.  Vol.  II.  pt.  HI.  181 
Macbrier,  R,  M.  Missionary  Travels  in 

Egypt  298 
Alaitland,  Rev,  S,  R,  Letter  to  the  Rev, 

W.  H.  Mill  621 
Malcolm,  Rev,  H.  Travels  in  S.  Eastern 

Asia  175 
Mariamne  492 
Marryat,  Capt.  Diary  in  America,  pt.  ii. 

615 
Melanchthon,  P.  Handwriting  of  59 
Melvill,  Rev.  H,  Sermons  298 
Milnes,  R.  M.  Poems  393 
Monumenta  Antiqua  27  6 
More^  H.  Life  of  55 
Murray,  J.  The  Plague  and  Quarantine 

620 
Nation,  Remedy  for  the  Distresses  of  39^ 
Nolan,  F.  Evangelical  Character  of  the 

Established  Church  54 
Ovid*s  Fasti  58 
Palin,  Rev.  ^.  Lectures  on  the  Litany 

622 
Parker* 8  Glossary  of  Architecture  501 
Perceval,  Rev,  A.  On  Apostolical  Succes- 
sion 618 
Piers,  Rev,  J,  W,  Minulise  403 
Poems  393 

Poems  by  Burbidge  57 
Prayer  of  the  Church  622 
Prescott,  H.  Poems  616 
Prideaux,  TV,  Poems  619 
Printers,  Dictionary  of  395 
Reade,  J.  S.  Cataline  621 


Reid,  A.  Rudiments  of  English  < 

sition  622 
Reliquiip  AntigtUB  1 87 
Remarkable  Places,  Visits  to  45 J 
Rheinwald,  Dr.  The  Exiles  of  Z 

296 
Riddle,  Rev,  J,  E,  Young  Schola 

glish  Latin  Dictionary  66 
' Complete     I 

Latin  Dictionary  628 
Romanism,  Essays  on  403 
Rose,  H.  J,  New  Biographical  Diet 

497 
St,  Mary^Aldermary,  Brief  Notice 
Sartain,  J.  Lecture  on  Philosophy  \ 
Scott,  Rev.  J,  Pilgrim's  Progress  6^1 
Sea  Captain  504 

Shakexpeare*s  Tempest,  Disquisition 
Shakespeare,  Youth  of  65,  further  ] 

culnrs  regarding  273 
Shoberl,  F.  Pcince  Albert  and  the  Hoiiw 

of  Saxonv  298 
Sloper,  T,  the  Jewell  617 
Smith,  B.  P.  Trip  to  the  far- West  297 
■  J,   P,   Relation  between   Holy 

Scriptures  and  Geological  Science  389 

J.  T,  View  of  Ancient  History  884 

Solheby,  S,  L,  Handwriting  of  P.  Me- 

lanchthon  59 
Southwold  287 
Spain  under  Charles  II,  609 
Stanhope,  Hon,  A.  Spain  under  Charles 

U.  609 
Statesmen,  Historical  Sketches  of  227 
Stirling,  J.  Poems  297 
Suffolk,  Historic  Sites  in  177 
Sunday  Evening  Instruction  622 
Surtees,  R.  memoir  of  3 
Talbot,  H,  F,  Hermes  622.     antiquity  of 

the  Book  of  Genesis  ib, 
Taylor,  G,  memoir  of  Robert  Surtees  3 
Thelwall,  Rev,  A,  S,  Opium  Trade  with 

China  296 
Thomas,  S.  Sir  Redmond  403 
Thompson,  ^.  Life  of  H.  More  55 
Thornton,  E.  History  of  British  India  296 
Timperley,  C,  H.  Dictionary  of  Printers 

395 
Turnbull,  P,  E,  Austria  174 
ffTtke,  R.  Southwold  287 
Watts,  T,   '*  A  Letter  on   the  English 

Mercuric,"  1588,61 
Weaver,  R.  Monumenta  Antiqua  276 
Wilberforce,  Rev,  S,  Eucharistica  51 1 
Willoughby,  Capt,  Extracts  from   Holy 

Writ  623 
ffllson,  Rev,  H,  B,  St.  Mary  Alder mary 

502 
Wise,  H.  Voyages  to  and  from  India  and 

China  623 
Wodderspoon,  J,  Historic  Sites  in  Suf- 
folk 177 
bright,  T.  Political  Songs  of  England 

292 


68() 


INDEX  TO  BOOKS  ANNOUNCED. 


jidolf/huut  Reif^n  of  Georgp  Ml.  513 

AikmarCi  Touni anient  at  Kgliiilon  68 

AirtTi  ()(li Uriel  301 

Aktrman,  J.  Y.  Numismatic  Manual  513 

jiibert.  Prince  ;{00 

American  Svenery  405 

Amusewent  in  High  L^e  512 

Andrews'i  Drawing;  Hotik  of  Flowers  513 

jifiottolic  Imh'uclion  405 

Juber,  P.  CbiiiH  300 

Jilfton,  IK  E.  Li'e  of  Richard  I.  512 

Bailey y  J,  and  G.  /i'lr^^M^Hermesiaiiac. 

tis  FrAgmtriitum  1.90 
Jiarreli,G.on  Water Ct»l»ur  Painting  6^7 
liarttett'g  Amenctiu  Scpiiery  IBD 
Jieden  Ecclesiastical  History ^  translated 

by  Dr.  Giles  G'iO' 
neet,  History  of  30\ 
iieesley^  A.  History  of  Banbury  G8 
lUlfa^orXA<i 
Eennett,  F.  D,  Narrative  of  a  Whaling 

Voyage  620' 
— —  J.  on  Jiistifif^ation  626 
Biber^  Rev,  G,  E.  standard  of  Catholicity 

626 
JiiHe  Cyclopaedia  406 
Bickerstethj  Hev.  E.  Treatise  on  Baptism 

190 
Jijornstjerna,  M,  de,  British  Empire  in 

India  626 
Blackt  J.  Manual  on  the  Bowels  406 
Blessington^  Ctess^  The  Governess  67 
Bloomjield,  Rev,   S,  T,  lexicon  to  the 

New  Testament  302 
Blunt,  C.  F.  Beauty  of  theH«»aven8  190 

Rev,  J,  J.  The  Early  Fathers  513 

BosphoruSf  Beauties  of  the  405 
BoySf  T.  S,  Arrhiteeture  in  Paris  68 
Bremnert  R.  Excursions  in  Denm  irk  67 
Britrgs,  AIaj,-Gen.  Cotton  Trade  of  Jn- 

dia  189 
British  Army,  historical  records  of  626 
Brothers^  T,  United  States  of  N.  Ame- 
rica 300 
Brougham,  lA,  review  of  his  Oration  of 

Demosthenes  626 
Brownings  Sordello  405 
Bucke,  C,  Ruins  of  Cities  189 
Buried  Bride  (Tl^e)  67 
Buyer f  Rev,  fV,  Letters  on  India  626 
Cabinet  CycloptBdia  189 
Camphrllf  Rev,  J,  Maritime  Discovery 

and  Christian  Missions  626 
Caricature  Scrap  Book  68 
CarlylCy  T,  Chartism  189 
Carmichael  on  the  Scriptures  301 
Catholic  Family  Library,  Vol.  I.  66 
CJiamier,  Capt.  The  Spitfire  189 
Chatham,  Earl  of.  Correspondence  189 
Chevalier,    M,   Society   in   the    United 
States  405 


Child,  C,  F,  Sermons  301 
China,  Digest  of  the  Evidence  upon  626 
ChrUt  and  Antichrist  627 
Christians  Book  of  Gems  (The)  67 
Chronological  Tables  626 
Churchill,  F.  Diseases  incident  to  Preg- 
nancy 627 
Churton^  Rev.  E,  Early  English  Church 

626 
Cicero  de  Senectute  626 
Clark,  Rev.  J,  A.  Glimpses  of  the   old 

World  189 
^— —  T.   Perpetuation   of  the  E^le- 

siastical  Jurisdiction  627 
Clavers,  M.  Montacute  301 
Cochrane,  A.  B.  The  Morea  512 
Cortfessions  of  Hairy  Lorrequer  301 
Cooper,  Sir  A,  Anatomy  of  the  Breast  406 

J,  Sermons  512 

/.  F,  The  Pathfinder  406 

Coote's  Law  of  Landlord  and  Tenant  627 
Cormack,  Rev,   J,  Church  of  Rome  ex- 
amined 513 
Corner,  J.  History  of  France  405 
Corney,  B,  On  the  New  General  Biogra- 
phical Dictionary  68 
Cory,  A,  T.  The  Hieroglyphics  of  Hara- 

poilo  Nilous  626 
Court    Favorite  (The)  61 
Craufurd,  Rev,  C,  H,  Sermons  405 
O'ocker,  S.  and  B,  Barker,  Sketches  of 

the  Basque  Provinces  68 
Crosthwaiie*s  Sermons  512 
Czar,  The  301 

Daniell,  E.  R.  Chancery  Practice  513 
DaschkaWf  Princess,  memoirs  512 
Dames,    T,    S.  Solutions  of   Button's 

Mathematics  406 
Decamei'on  of  the  West  (TheJ  67 
Delajield,  J,  Antiquities  of  America  189 
Vepping,  M,  History   of  the  Jews,  with 

Notes  by  J.  M.  Stevens  I90 
Diary  of  a  Nun  189 
Dillon,  Hon.  A,  Winter  in  Ireland  300 
Doyle,  C,  Practice  of  Husbandry  68 
Dudley,  Earl  of,  Letters  to  the  Bp.  of 

Llandaff,  405 
Duncan,  J.  Religious  Wars  of  France  405. 
Felix  Bodin's  Summary  of  the  Hist,  of 
England  405 
Duthy*s  Sketches  of  Hampshiie  189 
Elwyn,Sir5\2 

Englishman's  Library,  vol.  VIII.  $96 
Ernestine  627 
Erotophuseos  5 1 3 
Euripides,  Iphigenia  in  AuKs  626 
Evans,  Rev,  R,  W,  Tales  of  the  Ancient 

British  Church  67 
Faher,  G,  S.  Doctrine  of  Regeneration 

301 
Family  Library,  voL  LZXii.    513 


Index  to  Books  Announced. 


Fay,  T.  8.  The  Countess  406,  513 

Female  Freemasons  67 

Fenneli,  J.  H.  Drawing-room  Botany  5 1 3 

FUzwiggins  30 1 

Fleetwood,  P,  H,  Last  Da}s  of  a  Con. 
demiied  637 

Forbes,  Maj,  Eleven  Years  in  Ceylon  512 

Forshall,  Rev.  J.  Greek  papyri  in  the 
Brir.  Mus.  68 

Forster,  J,  Siat<^snien  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  England  189.  Popular  Pro- 
gress  in  English  History  300 

Frasei\  J.  B.  Travels  in  Kourdistan  405 

Froud,  Rev.  R,  H,  Remains  of,  pt.  II.  66 

FuUer*s  Hist,  of  the  Univ.  of  Camb.  626 

Garbett,  G.  Port  J»nd  Borough  of  Sun- 
derland 190.  History  of  Sunderland 
513 

Gilfi/,  Dr.  Views  in  the  Department  of 
the  Isdre  &\2 

Gompertz,  Rev.  S,  Sermons  190 

Good  Match  (The)  6? 

Goodlad,  ^V,  on  Nervous  Affections  627 

Gwse,P.H.  The  Canadian  Naturalist  406 

Grant,  Rev,  J,  Sketches  in  Divinity  405 

Hakon,  Jar  I  5 1 2 

Hall,  S.  C.  Marian  189 

Rev.  T.  C  Elements  of  Algebra  406 

Hansard,  G.  A.  Book  of  Archery  513 

Hare,  Rev.  J.  C.  Victory  of  Faith,  512 

Harrison,  S.  B.  Woodfall's  Landlord  and 
Tenant  627 

Hartley,  Mrs.  Indian  Life  512 

Hawhwood  627 

Head,  H.  E.  Sermons  512 

Hildyard,  J.  The  Anlularia  of  Plautus 
626.     The  Menschmei  of  Plautus  626 

Hill,  B.  E.  Playing  About  512 

Hills,  J.  Goethe's  Faust  67 

Hinton,  Rev.  J.  H.  Maii*s  Responsibility 
405 

Hoare,  E.  Solitary  Moments  190 

Hovkens,E.  ^.Treatise on  Amauro6is513 

Hodgson,  Rev.  J,  History  of  Northum- 
berland 405 

I1ollis,T.  and  (^-Monumental  Effigies 626 

Hook,  T.  Cousin  Geoffrey  301.  Precepts 
and  Practice  627 

Hooker,  Sir  W.  J.  I  cones  Plantarum  406 

Hooley,  C.  Poems  627 

Hope,  C.  D.  Catholic  Doctrine  of  a 
Triune  God  67 

Home,  R.  H.  Gregory  the  Seventh  627 

Hort,  Maj.  The  Ruck  67 

/iowt7^/i^VisitstoRemarkablePlacesl89 

Humble,  W.  Dictionary  of  Geology  513 

Hunt,  Z/.  Legend  of  Florence  405 

Hunter,  J.  Influence  of  Artificial  Light 
406 

India,  Law  relating  to  513 

Ingoldsby  Legends  301 

Jack  A.'hore  512 

Jackson* s  Pictorial  Flora  406 

James,  G.  P.  R.  The  King's  Highway  512 

Jameson,Mrs.  Social  Life  in  Germany  300 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XIII. 


Jamieson,  Rev.  J.  Primitive  Cbristi 
Jarman's  Journal  uf  a  Voyage  t« 

South  Seas  67)  512 
Jefferson,  S.  Antiquities  of  Leath 

CO.  Cumberland  68,  190 
Jeptha,  5 1 2 
Jeramb,  M.  F.  de.  Pilgrimage  to  P 

tine  300 
Jesse,  J.  H.  Court  of  England  during 

Stuarts  189 
Johnson  on  Manners  67 
Jones,  R.  Observations  on  Medical  I 

cation  190 

« W.  Gwyneddion  189 

Joys  of  Heaven  30 1 

Kelty^  M.  A.  Early  Days  in  the  Soci 
of  Friends  626 

Kirkbride,J.  The  Northern  Angler  519. 

Kolfs  Voyages,  edited  by  Earl  67 

Latham*s  Norway  300 

Lathbury,  Rev.  T.  Spanish  Armada  6Sf6 

Lawrance,  Mrs.  Memoirs  of  Queens  A 
England  66 

Lee,  Prof.  A  Hebrew  and  Chaldee  Lexi- 
con 406 

Leethnm,  TV.  H.  Poems  626 

legend  oj  Cloth  Fair  189 

Letters  from  the  Old  florid  405 

Life,  by  Young  Nick  512 

Lindley,  J.  Tueory  of  Horticulture  190 

Livesy,  Rev,  J.  Letter  on  Cburuh  exten- 
sion 405 

Lloyd  and  Gerard's  Tours  in  the  Hima- 
laya Mountains  300 

Logan,  J,  Laws  of  England,  part  I.    of 
Marriages  67 

Ijoudon,  Mrs.  Parley's  Tales  about  Plants 
67.     Young  Naturalist's  Journal  301 

Low,  D.  Breed  of  Domestic  Animals  301 

Lowe,  T.  H.  Poems  627 

Lowndes,  J.  Law  of  Copyright  301 

Lowther,  G.  Gerald  512 

Lush,  R.  Practice  of  the  Courts  at  West- 
minster 301 

Lushington,  Rt,  Hon,  R.  S.  Life  of  ltd. 
Harris  189 

M^All,  Rev.  R.  Discourses,  with  Life  by 
Rev.  R.  Wardlaw  301 

M^Caul,  Rev.  A.  Sermons  512 

ArCi-ie,  Rev.  T.  Life  626 

A/*  Cullock,  J.  R.  Geographical  Diction- 
ary 302 

Macgillivray,  ^Manual  of  Geology  301 

Mac  house's  Sydney  and  New  South  Wales 

67 
Mackenzie,  Rev.  H.  Life  of  Offa  King  of 

Mercia  189 
Mahew,  E.  On  Stage  EflFect  301 
Maiden  Monarchy  (1  he)  189 
Muid^s  Husband  (The)  627 
Maidstone  and  its  Environs  512 
MangleSy  R.   C.    Chriiiiian   reasons   for 

being  a  Reformer  405 
Manning,  J,  Case  of  the  Serjeants  at 

Law  406 

4  S 


682 


Index  to  Books  Announced. 


Manit  Bp.  History  of  Iriih  Church  66. 
holidjivi  of  the  Church  405 

F.  jy.  The  Rulii  627 

Marriaget^  State  of  Law  regarding  67 

Martineau  and  Cilet,  Uuitarimnisiu  De- 
fended,  67,  li^H 

Afattie's  Continental  India  67 

Meadow* 8  Songt  of  Hume  301 

Afeivill,  Rev.  H.  Sernioiis  67 

MelvUle**  Pictorial  Editiun  of  the  Worki 
uf  JoBcphuB  405 

Memory,  RegrHs  of  627 

Mercy,  Works  of  513 

MerliHf  C'tess,  Memoirs  of  M.'td.   Mali- 
bran  300 

Middieton't  Works,  Edited  by  Dyre  301 

Middleton,J.Thte  Hyacinth  .ind  Lyrics627 

AnUer'*  Lady  Jane  Grey  301 

Millingen,  J.  G.  Treatment  of  the  Insane 
301 

MiimaHt  Rev.  II.  H,  History  of   Chris- 
tianity 301 

Milton,  II.  Rivalry  627 

Monk  (TheJ  and  the  Manned  Man  189 

Montgomery's  V(»yage  to  Guatemala  405 

Moravian  Mission  in  N.  America,  His- 
tory of  67 

JI/or^an,La<fy, Woman  and  her  Ma8ter5 12 

Moriarty,  D.  I.  Innisfoyle  Abbey  189 

Alorison's  Fathers  of  the  London  Mis- 
sionary Society  405 

Morris,  Capt.  C.  Social  Effusions  406,5 12 

Mudie,  R,  China  and  its  resources  512 

Muirhead,  J.   P,   Arago's   Eloge  of  J. 
Watt  66 

Muller,  J,  Treatise  on  Cancer  627 

Napier,  Sir  C,  Military  Life  512 

Naturalises  Library,     Vol.  XXIV.  67. 
^o/.  XXVI.  301 

Kewbold,  Lt.  British  Settlements  in  the 
Straits  of  Malacca  67 

Newman,  Rev,  J.  II,  Church  of  the  Fa- 
thers 405 

Newman*s  British  Ferns  301 

New  South  miles  and  Port  Philip  Di- 
rectory  67 

Noel,  Rev.  B.  Sermons  405 

Norton,  R.  Memoiis  of  J.   and  G.  Mac- 
donald  405 

Orphan  qfNepaul  627 

0*Sullivun  and  M'Chee,  Romanism  in 
Ireland  512 

Owen,  Rev,  J.  Memoir  of  the  Rtv,  D. 
Rowlands  405 

R.  Odontography  513 

Oxford  Tracts,  Doctrines  of  the  67 

Pagefs  Hungary  3C0 

Parry,  Rev.  F.  Sermons  405 
Patterson's    Camp  and   Quarters     406. 
Lectures  i.-n  St.  John  626 

Petheram  s  Sketch  of  Anglo  Saxon  Li- 
terature 626 

Pettigrew,  T.  J.  Bibliotheca  Sussexiana, 
Vol.  II.  68 

Philip,  R.  Life  of  the  Rev.  W.  Milne  189 


PUskering,  E,  The  Fright  67 

Pigott,  Miss,  Records  of  Real  Life  301 

Plato—The  Apology  ofSocratet  626 

Poets  o^' America  67 

Polack*s  Manners  of  New  Zealanders  405 

PolUilysis  189 

Pope,  Rev.  R,  T,  Roman  Misquotation5 1 3 

Popery,  Tracts  on  626 

Pouhon,  G.  History  of  Holdemess  405 

Powell,  Rev.  B.  State  Education  512 

Pra//*«  Statistics  67 

Prescott,  H.  Poems  67 

Preston,  T,  R.  Three  Years*  Residence  in 
Canada  626 

Prideaux,  fV.  Poems  of  Chivalry  405 

Quakerism  Unmasked  189 

Ramadge  on  Asthma  1 90 

Real  and  the  Ideal  301 

Richardson,  H,  Loss  of  the  Tigris  627 

Roberts,  M.  Productions  of  America  67 

Robinson,  W.  Antiquities  of  Tottenham 
High  Cross  68 

Rogers's  Ecclesiastical  Law  406 

Romilly,  Sir  8,  Memoirs  512 
Royle,  J.  F.  Botany  of  the  Himalayan 
Mountains  627 

RusselVs  Tour  through  the  Australian  Co- 
lonies 5 12 
Ryder,  Rev,  H,  D.  The  Angelicon  301 
Salisbury,  Countess  of,  627 
Sam  Slick's  *  Letter  Bag'  189 
SandbacKs  Poems  405 
Sargant,  Mrs,  Joan  of  Arc  627 
Saucy  Jack  and  the  Indiaman  301 
Scheer,  F,  Kew  and  its  Gardens  512 
Schombourgk,  R.  H,  Description  of  Bri- 
tish Guiana  626 
Shaw's  Memorials  of  South  Africa  512 
Sherwood,  Mrs.  Indian  Orphans  512 
Shield,  M.  J.  Holme  Park  301 
Shoberl,  F.  Prince  Albert  300 
Sigmond,  G.  G,  Use  of  Mercury  302 
Sigmond  andFarre  on  IheCeylonMossSlS 
Sinclair,  C,  Scotland  and  the  Scotch  5 18 
Smith,  Col.  H.  Natural  History  of  Dogs, 
Vol.  I.  67 

J.  T.  Discovery  of  America  by  the 

Northmen  67 
Smyth,  FT.  Lectures  on  Modem  History  66 
Spencei',  E.  Prophet  of  the  Caucasus  406 
Sproule,  J.  Agriculture  of  Ireland  67 
Stanhope^s  Correpondence,  Spain  under 

Charles  If.  189 
Stephens,  G.  Pdr«  la  Chaise  512 
Steward,  Mrs,  The  Interdict  627 

—Rev.  J,  Destruction  of  tte  Tem- 
ple 301 
Strickland,  A,  Lives  of  the  Queens  of 

England  300 
Surtees,  R,  History  of  Durham  800 
Swainson,  W,  Treatise  on  Shells  627 
Tacitus — Germania,  AgricolOf  .and  Ait- 

nalsl.6^6 
Tauerschmidt,  Rev.  E»  Prince  Albert's 
ancestry  404 


Index  to  Podry  and  Names, 


Thjfler,  Rev.  C  B.  Clergyman's  Parish 
Book  301 

Taylor,  J,  JS,  Michael  Angelo  405 

JViompson,  Rev.  E.  Sermons  190 

Thomsmt  J,  Trade  with  China  300 

Thornton,  E.  Modern  History  of  British 
India  6Q 

T%mon  6S!7 

Todd,  Rev.  J.  H.  Discourses  67, 301 

Tomlins,  F.    G.   View    of   the   English 
Drama  301 

Tomlinson,  Rev.  L.  Recreations  in  Astro- 
nomy 301 

Tookcy  T.  Prices  and  State  of  the  Circu- 
lation in  1838-9  405 

Townshend,  J.  K.  Sporting  Excursions  67 

Trollopet  Mrs.  Michael  Armstrong  67* 
One  Fault  id.  The  Widow  Married  406 

Trotter,  A.  Financial  Credit  of  the  N. 
American  Union  189 

Troughtm's  Nina  Sforza  301 

Turnbull,  D.  Cuba  405 

—  P.  E.  Austria  189 

Turner* 8  Lives  of  EminentUnitarians  300 

Tya9*8  Illustrated  Napoleon  QQ 

— —  Legal  Hand  Book  67 


VateSf  or  the  PhiloHphy  1^  Madmen  -. 
Vaughan,  E.  T.  Sermons  301 
Vigne,   G.  T.  Narrative  of  a  Visit 

Ghiizni  Q'iQ 
Vincent,  Sir  F.  Arundel  513 
rVake,  R.  South  wold  300 
Walpole,  H.  Letters  Vol.  I.  IL  404 
Walter,  H.  History  of  England  QQ 

fr.  J.  Life  of  Sir  T.  More  Q6 

Weaver,  R.  Monumenta  Antiqua  67 
Webster,  G.  Ingliston  627 
Wellington,  Duke  of.  Life,  edited  by 

J.E.  Alexander  189 
West  Indies,  Winter  in  the  405 
Westmacott,R.  OutVines  to  illustrate  tkff^ 

Figbte  of  Freewille  68  .  &' 

Westwood,J.  O.  Treatise  on  Insects  in]% 

rious  to  the  Gardener 301  ' 

White,  J.  B.  Heresy  and  Orthodoxy  6f  . 
Wiggers,  Dr.  G.  Life  of  Socrates  636     ' 
Wigram  on  Wills  627 
Wilde,  W.  R.  Voyage  to  Madeira  405    .. 
Willis,  N.  P,  Loiterings  of  Travel  189 
Wilson,  Rev.  R.  Sermon  190 
Windell,  J.  Cork  and  its  Vicinity  67 
Year  Book  of  Facts  513 


INDEX  TO  POETRY. 


Burbage,  T.  Poem  by  58 

C.  Z*aJ^,Lines  on,in  declining  heaUh393 

Cook,  E.  Thy  Kingdom  Come  618 

Death  in  Life  393 

EtoUt  Lines  to  496 

Goldsmith,  Latin  translation  from  the 

Deserted  Village  48 
Halfordf  Sir  H.  Latin  translation  from 

Goldsmith  48 
Kernels  Oak,  Lines  on  244 
Huntei's  Song  (The)  619 
Magdalen* s  Hymn  617 
Milnes,  M.  Lines  on  Lady  C.  in  declining 

health  393.     Death  in  Life  ib. 


Poem  by  T.  Burbage  58 

Poems  by  J.  Yates  386 

Prescott,  H.  A  Story  616 

Prideaux,  W.  The  Hunter's  Song  619 

Salix  Bahylonica  46 

Surtees,  Mr.  Latin  lines  on  the  Death  of 

a  Sister-in-law,  with  translation  599 
Thy  Kingdom  Come  618 
Wellesley,   Marq.  Salix  Babylonica  46, 

Lines  to  Eton  496 
Wilson,  Prof.  Magdalen's  Hymn  617 
Yatesy  J.  Poems  by  386 


INDEX  TO  NAMES. 


Including  Promotions,  Preferments,  Births,  Marriajg^es,  and  Deaths— The  longer  Articles 
of  Deaths  are  entered  in  the  preceding  Index  to  Essays. 


ABBOTT,  C.  107 
Abdy,  J,  R.  554. 
Abercorn,  M  arch*ess 

201 
Abercroroby,    Hon. 

G.  R.  644.    Hon. 

R.  425 
Abington,  W.  104 
Abraham,  B.  556 
Ackland,  C.  84 
Acklom,  E.  557*  L. 

202 


Ackroyd,  W.  104 
Adams,Capt.A.21 5. 

Capt.  E.    L.  333. 

Maj.  H.  W.  425 
Addenbrooke,E.534 
Addinell,R.  221 
Adolpbus,  E.  328 
Ainslie,G.  84.     Sir 

W.  558 
Airlie,  C'tess  426 
Albert,  Prince  312, 

425,  644 


AlcoGk,C. 22  I.Hon. 

C.  C.  L.  668 
Alexander,    A*    85. 

C.  645.     Capt.  J. 

E.425.     W.  201. 

Capt.  W.  83 
Allason,  Mrs.  220 
AUcock,  VV.  P.  21 
Allen,  106.  B.  328. 

E.  84,  J.  83,109* 

Capt.  W.  223 
AIner,  R.  106 


Alston, Mr.  200.  E. 

328.     H.  C.  535. 
Alves,  Lt.-Col.  N, 

313 
Ames,  J.  221 
Anderson, Hon.Mrs. 

535.     Col.  Sir  A. 

83.     F.201.    M. 

C.  553 
Anderton,  J.  105 
Andrews,  J.  SG6 
Annaiid,  A.  536. 


684  Index  to  Names, 

Anson,  Sir  G.  425.    Ballner,  S.  554         Bellamy,  E.  534  H.        C.S36.  J.U44S. 
G.E.495.  Comnt.    Bancroft,  R.  N.  646       F.314.   M.M.441        M.335.  M.A.9I5. 
^  T.  200  Bankes,  A.  427.  £.    Bellingbam,  J.C.  84        W.  C.  314 

Ansted,  D.  T.  534.        S.  442  Benett,  A.  M.  314.    Blachford,  F.  555 

Appleby,  Lt.  Y.425    Barclay,  A.  M.  446.        J.  332  Blackburn,  B.  646 

Arhuthuot,  A.  669.        Sir  R.  1 10  Benn,  F.  M.  330         Blacklin,  R.  327 

Lf.-Gen.SirT.I99   Barbam,  M.  85.   R.    B»i>net,E.  84  Blackmoure,  J. 646 

Ariel,  M.  555.  H.  D.  84  Bennett ,E. 333.   M.    Btagden,  C.  446 

Armrtstead,A.  221.    Barini?,  L.  A.  107.        110,442  Blane,  S.  ^19 

AriDStruiig,  S.  A.d5        F.  645.  Benson,  H.  108  Blencowe,   C.  534. 

Arnold,  B.  N.  536.    Barker,  H.  103.  M.    Bent,  J.  332  T.  664 

C.  A.   200,  427.        105.     R.  447.         Beiital,  E.  536  Bligh,  Lady  T.  668 

CM.  426.  £.427.    Barlow,Comm.C.A.    Bentall,  A.  334  Bliss^  E.  S54 

Lt..Col.  R.  109.         84,  199.     W.  219    Beutinck,  H.  P.  A.   Blumeiibmcb.     Dr. 
Arruwsmitb,  C.  314    Barnard,  Capt.   £.        328  335 

Arscutr,  J.  e5  313.     £.  D.  104.    Benton,  Mrs.  220.    Btundrll,  B.  314 

Arund^ll,Hun.Mrs.    Bameby,  J.  645  S.  106  Bluni,E.  110.     G. 

A.b35.  Hon.T.553    Barnes,  J.  444.  M.    Berebford,  M.  G.84         A.  330.     R.  644. 
Asbe,  E.  102.   Maj.        Q^7  Berber,  S.  201  S.  S.  536 

W.  222  Barnewnll,  B.  105       Berkflry,H.C.668.    Boake^J.  101 

Ashpitel,  E.  553         Ban.ey,  J.  200  Capt.   M.    F.    F.    Buaxman,  J.  33? 

Aston,  T.  106  Barrow,  Maj. -Gen.        425.     R.  327  Bogue,  J.  R.  314 

Atkins,  Mrs.  330  bai.     J.  552.   R.    BerminghHrn,      H.    Bold,  H.  437 

Atkinson,    B.  328.        W.  201.  202,426  Bulding,  £.  39» 

H.330.   J.  H.H.    Bartcn,554.  H.442.    Bernard,  C.  B.  534.    Bulland,  W.  664 
536.     M.  200  J.  427,  536.     J.        J.  F.  202  Bolster,  L.  H.  559 

At  lay,  C.  644  W.  645  Berrie,  E,  557  Bolton,  W.  663 

Atthiil,  W.427  Bartram,  M.  536        Berry,  M.  A    66S.    Bonallo*  D.  299 

Auckland,  Ld.G.83    Basconi,  G.  314  W.  P.  332  Bond,  E.  104.    11. 

Austin,  Capt.  H.  T.    Bastiett,  T.  S.  644      Bersey,  W.  D.  666         668.      J.    J.   M. 
84.  Basset,  J.  425  Bertie,  C.  220  314.  BC.  556.   R. 

Austwick,  M.A.216    B.tte,G.  H.  332  Bessy,  W.443  328.     S.314 

Avons.J.  326  Bnteinan,  J.  644        Betbani, M.C.J.  535    Bonifaiit,CoiiiiiLB. 

Aylmer,  J.  107  Bateson,E.222.  J.    Bethune,  C.  313  329 

AyUin,  R.  85  G.  313  Btfvan,A.447.  Lady    Bonnycastle,    Maj. 

Ayrton,  M.  425  Baxlee,  .1.  534  A.  201,  313.     D.        R.  H.  425 

Babin^ton,  J.  106      Ba>ley,200.  G.536.        B.  644.     R.  536.    Bonsey,  M.  L.  497» 
Backhouse,  P.B.202        M.  S.  427  W.536.  W  R.2U1        535 

Bacun,  M.  A.  106       Baylis.T.  216  Bevingtun,  H.  427     Boone,  Fm  55s. 

Bacot,  S.  216  Bayly,  F.  M.  202        Bewicke,  C.  R.  »5.    Booth,  J.  SOO,  440 

Hadc(irk,Lr.  Cul. L.    Beatham,  J.  P.  219       £.  85.  Borrcll,  L.  C.  328 

B.  534.  W.S.534    Beaduii,   .Mrs.  105.    Biddulpb,R.  M.644    Borringdon,     Vise. 
Bagge,  J.  313  H.  W.  313  Bittt^  Dr.  670  425 

Ba>;nall.  J.  332  Beart,  G.  535  B.gf(e,J.C.669.  J.    Borrow es,  J.  663 

Bagiiell,  A.  555  Beatsun,  Capi.W.F.        K.  314  Borthwick,  E.  554 

Bagut.Capt.  C.644.        536  Biging,  H.  106  Buswell,  bir  J,  426 

L.  F.  84.  R.  220.    Beauchamp.  G.  645    Bilke,  M.  441  Boteler,  C.  107,330 

Bagshaw,  S.  329         Beauclerk,  1.  E.  535    Billani,  F.  T.  446        But  held,  B.  644 
Baillie,  H.J.  534       Beavan,  R.  536  BilLnghurst,  J.328     Boulcotc,  J.  A.427 

Baily,J.5a5.  M.A.    Beaver,  J.  440  Bingbain,    Lady  A.    Buuldinf,  J.  667 

201  Beaxlej ,  C.  S.  557  445.     P.  202  BouIUmk,  M.  A.  445 

Bainbridge,G.C.109    Beckett,  J.  332  Birbeck,  J.  329  Bourdillou,A.B.I05 

Bainbrigge,Capt.J.    Bedford,  C.  219,667    Birch,  J.  84.     J.  L.    Bouverie,    Lt.-CoL 
H.  83  Beekvelt,  F.  216  202.      S.  H.  332.        425.  Hon.  P.80O 

Bailies,  C.  J.  102       Beet, M.  107.  R.331        T.  440  Bo«at^r,Sir  E.644. 

Baker,  Mrs,  2^0,  G.    Beetbam,  W.  108      Bircball,  J.  313  Bowden,  M.  A.  33a 

108.      H.  de    F.    Belchier,  Cumm.N.    Bird,  E.M.  536.   R.       J.  553 
644.     J.  312,554.        444  446  Bowtr,  H.  439 

M.  221.     R.665.    Belfleld,  E.  554  Birkett,  E.555.    H.    Bowker,  E.  645 

T.555.     T.  B.  L.    Belgrave,  W.  644  440  Bo«»les,G.3l4.CoL 

427.      T.  T.  535.    Bell,  E.  C.  85.     G.    Biron,  E.  426  G.  199 

Capt.  W.  W.  333        H.  645.     J.  222,    Birrell,  E.  442  Bow  stead.  Dr.  J  .200 

BalderSjLady  K.313        441  Biscor,  A.  C.  557       Box,  D.  441 

Baldwin,  B.  534  BelUirs313.  C.SOI    Bisbo|.,  C  536.     F.    Boyd,  J.  667 


S..fea,  B.  55T 
Bujrlc,  J.  &34 
Boyi,J.557 
Bradburn.H.H.IOS 
Brailburjr,  M.  b5i 
BrAdfurd,    Lt.-Cul. 
900.      J.  H.   H. 

Bradley,  C.  313 
BrsdihHw,  M.J.8S. 
S.  104 


W.  A.  330 
Braiifuol,  J.  H.iOS 
Bn>iidalliaiir,Marq. 

of  83 
Breay,  J.G.  103 
Brechiiell,  Lady  C. 

C.  S18 

m 

BreM,M.A.334 
Brel  ting  bum,  H.445 
BreBslM.W.  313 
Brice,  H.  A.  333 
BnJKemin,    C.  L. 


Bruwn,  J.  5S9.    J. 

M.84.     M.901. 

W.  646.    W.  F. 

312 
BroA  lie,  A. 200,449. 

H.S.497.    T.B. 

L.  900,    T.   M, 

645.     W.  «i68 
Brucr,  C,L.C.644. 


Bruniwick,      Priii- 

ceti  E.  oF  663 
Bryan,  C.  554 
Bryiner,\V.T.P,e44 

Buck,  J.  i05 
BiiokJf,   A.S.  646. 

T.  H, 398 
Buckii«r,  M.497 
Budil,  M.  lOT 
Bulkeley,  Ludy  W. 

535 


Cxidofll,  {I.J.£09. 

Lady      T.      558. 

Cspt.V.  556 
Callaway  T.  646 
Cam<^run,  667.    D. 

398.     Li.  J.  39a 
Cnnipbi-ll,  Mi«s535. 

A.  535.    Maj.A. 

319.     SirA.ai9. 

A.  C.  L.  4S7.  C. 

497.    SirJ.  666. 

M.P.  Ill,  Capt, 

N.  83.    R.  669 
Caiich.  C«pt.T.3I! 
Caiir,  T.  644.      W. 


W.446 
Charlton,  Cap' 

W.  83 
Cbariiuck.J.  > 
ChBrlr.^> 


E.(, 


iulleii. 


.917 


331 


Bridger,  P.  44S 
Bridget,  G.  44S 
Brielzche,  Ll.  G.J. 

66S 
Brif-g.,  E. 

B.  496 
Brj^bam,  C.  313 
Bright,  R.330 
Brine,  A.J.  427 
BriBco,  F.  J.  331 
BiiMow,  L.3tf9.   S. 

646 
Broad  ley,  A.  84 
Broidriik,  G.  446 
Brotkbules,  T.   F. 

900 
Brockman,  T.  314 
Brud.^ri|<,  E.  109 
Brodip.C.  645 
Brodritk,  W.  J.9O0 
Bromlicld,  A.  339 
Bromliead,  J.  301 
Brumlfy.E.  lOe.  P. 

D.  646 
Brooke,  Sir   A.  B, 

644.     P.  L.  217 

Brough,  A.  315 
Broughani,E.  991. 

Hun.  E.  L.   108. 

H.  9S3 
Brougbtoii,  F.  901. 

Cap(.  W.  300 
Browell,  L.  497 


.ller.C>p<.G.199. 

J.  W.  84 
Burder,  H.  H.  497 
Burden,  W.  644 
Surges,  W.C.  664 
Burgpgs,  C.  K.  558. 

W.  331 
Burgh,  Mill  558 
.    Burley,  W.  497 
Burmaii,  T.   J.   P. 

339 
Burnand.G.  C.  105 
Burner,  C.  UOl 
Burni^t,   Cfll.t.    W. 


Capt-1,  M.  334 
Carboiiell,J.T.20l 
Carditell,    Dr.    84. 

Rev.  R.  103 
Careo,  C.  315 
Carey,  H.  616.     P. 

U.  556 
Carlisle,  B|>.  of  436   < 


Cbatr, 

Chatfleld,  M. 
Cliauncy,  C.  S 
Cliauncev,  l.J 
Chayior.'C.  h 

901 
Cheape,  H.  44? 
Chichester,  Li.. 

C. 534.      R, 

Cliil'd.  M.  398 
Chiiichen,  N.  Gfli 


Burruugb,  Lady  E. 

535.     J.  W.  '-01 
Borrows,   A.     646. 

S.  H.  jJI 
Burloii,557.     Mrs. 

333.  C.  L.E.449 
Bulb,  J.  553,  556 
Biiil-r.Ht;n,E.425. 

Lady  S.  66a 
Buxtuii.A.  J.  313 
By,  G.  443 
Byam,  Capl.  A.  E. 

Byng,  H.W.J.31S 
Byron,  J.  84 
Cadogaii,  Lady  L. 


C.  E.  535 
Carroll,  C.  909.   Sir 

G.  900.  W.  105 
Carrulliert,    M.  A. 

536.  Map.  R.B3 
Carler.J.439.W.eeD 
Cart»rr,M.  A.646 
Carlvtrighi,      Mrs, 

446.     C,  335 
Carvkk,T.  534 
Casamajor,  E.  317 
Caie,  E.  A.  85 
Caiheail,    A.    301. 

C.  S.  B5.       La,ly 

E.  496 
CalllnB,  S.  F.  108 
Cally,  S.  645 
CauLter.  R.  M.53G 
Cauiley,  S.  443 
Cave.  T.  664 
Cavendish,  Hon.  C. 


201 
Ch^ibannes,  March. 

de  110 
Chndttick,  E.  A.  H. 

497 
Cbalmers,    A.  645. 

J.  A.  L.557 
Chambers,    C.    H. 

916,917-  B.33e, 

645.  R.  G.393 
Channel,  W.P.3I3 
Chaplain,  M.A.316 


H.A.III.   W,301 
Chute,  W.L.W.900 
Clack,  H.T.  SOI 
Clapbam,  E.  669 
Clareiidun,E<rll99, 

Clark,    J.    P.    4S7. 

T.  667 
Clarke,  A.  535.  H. 

669.     H.  B.  901. 

J.  535.    Dr.  J.  L. 

437.J.W.44I.M, 

G.3I3.  P.915.  R. 

B.  4SS.      Dr.  St. 

J.  999.     T,  233. 

T.   A.  533.     W. 

3)3,443 
Clarkton.J.A.  314. 

W.  C.  915 
CUugbton,  A.  M. 

303 

436. 


W.  313 
Cliff,  L.  A.  SOO 
CliFioii,  SirJ.G.  J. 

313 
Clive,   Ll.-Col.  E, 

644.    T.  646 
Clode.  S.  497  . 


68G 


Index  to  Names. 


Cloetf ,  Lt..Cul.  A. 

J.  4'25 
Clof^stoufiy  A.  B.  J. 

4L>5 
Clouf^h,  A.  B.  85 
CluMtTtiuck^C.lOT. 

J.  555 
Ciuttoii,  J.  333 
Cocbrane,  G.  427, 

535.     ladv  K.E. 

4«7.     \V.E.4i7, 

535 
Cockburn,  E.  J.  D. 

554.     Col.F.534. 

Sir  W.  S.  R.  200 
Cockimfi,  W.84 
CocksedKe,  J.  104 
Codil,  H.G.  551 
Codriiigtoii,T.S.I03 
Cof^hlHii,  J.  200 
Colburne,  Lt.-Gen. 

Sir  J.  83 
Cole,C.  217.  E.  K. 

816.     L.  536 
CoIem)tn,    E.    314. 

M.  663 
Coles,  M.  S.   670. 

T.  668 
Coley,  M.218.     R. 

W.  107 
CoUeit,  B.  535 
Collii)grid$:e,  A.201 
CoUingwood,  H.  J. 

W.  84 
CoUinR.C.G.R.427. 

C.  H.  202.  C.W. 

442.  H.  646.    S. 

B.  646 
Collyer,R.  313 
Colston,  H.  445 
Colvile,  E.  332 

Colvin,  D.  427 
Compton,Col.H.334 

Comyn,  H.  439 
Conant>  C.  645 
Coney,  T.  B.  200 
Connor,  R.  558 
Constable,  R.   101. 

SirT.A.  C.  312 
Conway,  W.  S.312 
Coiiyers,  C.  £.  85. 

J.  535 
Cook,33l.S.  E.312 
Cooke,  C.  202.    G. 

W.  83.     R.  330. 

T.  A.  312 
Coukesley,  H.  Y. 

334.  J.  103 
Cookson,  S.  216 
Coon,  H.  109 
Cooper,  Hon.  A.  J. 

A.  535.  E.  646. 

H.  426.  Capt.  L. 
M.  200 
Coore,  H.  221 


Cope,  E.  D.  330 
Copeman,  C.  536 
Copland,  W.  313 
Cupner,  S.  109 
Ciippin,  Lt.  F.  202 
Corbally.M.  E.312 
Corbet, T.G.  312 
Cornewall,C.E.536 
Cornibwaite,  T.  J. 

105 
Cornwall,  A.  G.426 
Corrie.  E.  201 
Cory,  R.  441 
Cottle,  II.  64G.     J. 

426,  644 
Cottun,  B.  201.    G. 

V.  535.      S.   M. 

201.      Maj.-Gen. 

SirW.  200,312 
Couch,  B.  554.     J. 

L.  427 
CouUon,  W.  536 
Courienay,  B.  314 
Courteney,  F.  J.  84 
Courtney  6GG 
Cove,  E.  440 
Coventry,      C'tess. 

Duw.  217 
Cowie,  H.  535 
Cowper,  D.  109.  S. 

441.  S.  1.536 
Cox,  F.  645.  J.  644 
Coxwell,  C.  S.  84 
Cozens,  F.  202 
Crabbe,  670 
Crabtree,  E.  557 
Cracroft,  A.  646 
Craib,  M.  A.  331 
Craigie,  Capt.  P.83 
Craster,  Lt.Col.-E. 

222 
Craven,  C'tess  84 
Crawford,  Maj.   J. 

425.     J.  I.  109. 

W.  83 
Crawley,  G.  217 
Creigbton,   F.  217. 

Capt.  J.  N.  334 
Cressy,  M.  C.  645 
Cresswell,  S.  644 
Crew,  W.  442 
Crewe,  Sir  G.  200 
Creyke,  F.  329 
Cribb,J.328 
Crisp,  N.  666 
Croad,  Capt.  F.  534 
Croft,  Sir  A.  D.  426 
Crofton, Baron  312. 

N.  443 
Croker,J.327.   Lt.- 

Col.  W.  83 
Croly,  R.  645 
Croropton,  M.  555 
Crook,  M.  A.  219 
Crooke,  W.  646 


Cropper,  J.  445 
Crowdy,  E.  202 
Cruttwell,  T.  445. 

W.  C.  202 
Cufree,T.  T.  313 
Culhane,M.  202 
Culverwell,  J.  552 
Cunliife,     L.    427, 

536 
Cuninghame,  Maj. 

D.  83 
Cuniiinghani,A.]  10 
Cureton,  Maj.  C.  R« 

83,  ih, 
Curme,  G.  314 
Currer,J.  R.  331 
Currey,  W.  S.  447 
Curry,  F.  E.  426 
Curson,  Hon.  J.R. 

313 
Curteis,  M.  555.  S. 

107 
Curti<;,  J.  E.  B.202. 

S.  M.  216 
Curtois,  M.  J.  427 
Curwen,  J.  663 
Curzon,  E.  C.  645. 

Hon.  H.  R.  201 
Cu8t,E.534.  W.440 
Custance,  J.  200 
Cuthbert,S.T.200 
Cuthbertson,0.  107 
Cutbell,  W.  S22 
Dade,  C.  645 
Daintry,  A.  645 
Daropier,  J.  103 
D'Aguiler,  G.  535 
D'Aguiliar,   M. 

85 
Dalby,  H.  B.  556 
Dallas,  Sir.  T.  331 
Dally,  R.  108 
Daly,  Maj.  F.D.83. 

J.  558 
Daifce,  C.W.A.  669 
Danger,  C.  F.  553 
Daniel,  G.  202.  W. 

T,  S,  645 
Daniell,  J.  218 
Dann,  W.535 
Dansey,  M.  536 
Danson,  T.  329 
Darby,    Mrs.  332. 

C.  F.  313 
Darel),  W.  L.  314 
Darley,  A.  S.  201 
Darling,  A.  R.  670 

Darnell,  R.M.  487. 

W.  313 
Dartmouth,  C'teM. 

84 
Darton,  S.  216 
Darvill,  R.  666 
Daubeney,Capt.646 
Daubeny,  J.W.  202 


Daubus,  L.  C.  106 
Dauncey,  S.  G.  444 
Davenport,  J.  556 
Davey,  E.  W.  535 
Davien,  C.  108.    £. 

666,    H.  666.   J. 

84,  ib.    R.  B.  84 
Davis,  Capt.  H.  S. 

83.     M.  220.    S. 

556.     T.  84,109, 

£01 
Davy,  Sir  W.  645 
Dawson,  110.  Com. 

W.  425 
Day,C.20l.  F.106. 

M.  A. 314 
Dayman,  H.  427 
Deacon,  W.  R.  109 
Dealy,  Mr.  442 
Deane,  R.  M.  328 
Dearsley,  W.  H.  84 
De  Berckem,  H.  V. 

^02 
De  Castro,  D.  817 
Decies,  Ld.S.de200 
De  Courcy,  F.  M. 

536.  Hon.  W.  A. 

85 
Deering,  J.  P.  3 IS 
De  la  Zoucb,  Dow. 

Lady  105 
Dell,  M.  M.  801 
Delpeucb,  A.  669 
De  Luzy,  M.  669 
Demainbray,  F.3ld 
Dempster,  M.880 
Dendy,  S.  487 
Den  holm,  A.  536 
Denison,  H.  S.  487 
Denne,  R.  G.  105 
Dennett,  J.  446 
Dennis,  S.  666 
Dennistoun,  J.  645 
Dent,  M.  M.  107 
Despard,  A.  558 
De    Tabley,    Lady 

84 
DeToarviUe,C'teM 

443 
Devon,  H.    C'teu 

106 
Dewe,  J.  556 
D'Hoficuer,  Bmr.  P. 

W.  536 
Diamond,   H.    W. 

426 
Dibdin,  E.  A.  536 
Dick,  F.  487 
DlckensoDy  H,  436. 

M.  C.  L.  808 
Dicker,  E.  85 
Dickins,  F,  £.  85. 

T.  S.  646 
DickinsQiT,    H«   S. 
486.    J.  M.  814 


Index  to  N'atnes, 

Digby,  J.  327.  Lady  Duncombe,    Hon.  Evans,  G.    H.  303.  Forbes,  £.  A. 

T.  535  A.  3J3.     E.  328  J.    83.    T.  312,  Ford, Mrs.  10^ 

Dilke,  C.  W.  536  Dundas    667.      D.  663                               314.     R.  F 

Dillon,    Sir    C.  D.  426,  534.     Capt.  Everard,  J.  109  Forsayth,  R.  J 

667.     J.  646.    R.  J.  W.  D.  534  Evered,  R.  667  Fortescue,  E. 

C.  85  Dunlop,  A.  C.  646  Everest,  Maj.  H.  B.        645.  Lady  L 

Dimock,  H.  iOl  Dunn,  Sir  D.  534.  534  Fosbroke,  Y.  8- 

Dinorben,  Ld.  312,  M.  326  Everett,  H.  218  Foster,  J.  312. 

314  Dunniiigham  J.200  Every,  C.  555                 A.  646 

Distin,  M.  C.  535  Dunscomb,   J.    W.  E wart,  J.  644  Fotbergill,  J. : 

Dive,  L.  G.  216  646  Ewbank.  VV.  439  Fowle,Lt.-Col.. 

Dixon,  109.    M.  F.  Duppa,  B.  F.  218  Eyles,  Capt.  T.  W.        F.  C.  664 

109.  T.  441.  W.  Durnford,C.  B.6  46  312  Fowler,  J.  332. 

J.  314  DuVernet,J.F.202  Eyre,  H.  426.     R.        555 

Doben,  T.  D.  102  Dyer,  J.  556.  J.  H.  426  Fox,  F.  646.  H. 

Dobret',  M.  536  202.     T.  665  Eyton,  T.  312                 L.  106.     S.  j 

Dobson,  W.  534  Easthope,  A.  332  Fane,  F.  313                   S.  L.  200 

Dodd,  C.   A.    646.  Easton,  W.  L.  330  Farquhar,T.N.  314  Frampton,    W.   t 

J.  200  Eaton,  M.  670.  R.  Farquharson,    Lt.-        534 

Dodgson,  H.  446  J.  85.  W.  M.I06  Col.  H.  H.  645.  Francis,  S.  553 

Dodwell,  E.  217  Ebhart,  F.  C.  333  R.  1 1 1  Franklyn,  E.  330 

Doberty,  Lady  220  Eccles,  A.  201  Farrington,  Nf.    H.  Franks,  J.  H.  55S' 

Donaldson,  Maj.V.  Ec-kley,  J.  E.  84  202  Freeland,  H.  426 

Y.  425  Edgecombe,  W. 644  Faux,  J.  B.  107  Freeaian,    J.    646* 

Donellan,     Comm.  Edmonstone,  N.  B.  Favell,  R.  332                J.  D.  313 

M.  200  202  Fawcett,  Capt.  D.  Freer,  J.  B.  W.  446. 

Dorrill,  R.  215  Edwards,  E.L.  645.  L.  312.      H.  E.        R.  L.  313 

Doughty,  CM.  314  J.   W.   200.     K.  646.     M.  A.  445  Freke,  W.  C.  E.  646 

Douglas,  Rt.  Hon.  442.     M.  C.201.  Fawkes,  F.  F.   84.  Frere,    F.  A.   314. 

Lady  333.  C.2 1 5.  R.  556  Capt.  R.  201                T.  553 

Lt.   C.  669.    E.  Egan,  £.  328  Fawsett,  J.  334  Prewen,  T.  535 

314.  H.  558.  M.  Egerton,   Lady   E.  Fell,  T.  202  Frith,  W.  555 

426.     R.  H.  201  215.    W.  H.  427,  Fenner,  J.  H.  441  Frost,  E.  217 

Dove,  M.  P.  553  536  Fenwick,   M.   427.  Fry,  E.  330.    J.  H. 

Dovell,J.  200  Egginton,S.  H.  427  R.  G.  557                     444.     P.  S.  536. 

Doveton,  L.  313  Egremont,  J.  446  Ferguson,W.  J.  201         W.  553 

Dowle,  E.  331  Elder,  E.  84  Ferrers,  H.  332  Fulton,Lt..Col.313 

Dowling,     M.     A.  Elderton,  C.  A.  202  Field,    E.   B.    536.  Furse,  J.  666 

646  Elkin,  S.  328  H.  W.  646  Fydell,  S.  R.  312 

Downes,  J.  644  Ellice,  A.  536,  666  Figgins,  L.  105  Gage,  A.  C.  444 

Downing,  1.  109  Elliot,  A.  668.  Hon.  Finlinson,  E.  J.  557  Gaggiotti,  G.  85 

Doyle,B.444.  Capt.  G.  425.     R.  558.  Fisher,  C.  326.     C.  Gale,  S.  644.    S.J. 

W.  328  T;  F.  199  F.  535.  E.  J.  536.        331 

D'Oyly,  D.  R.  668  Elliott,  J.  313,439  F.  B.  535.  W.  535  Galliers,  E.  S.  536 

Drake,    Lady    444.  Ellis  555.    Lt.-Col.  Fitzgerald,   A.  201.  Gallins,  M.  A.  646 

G.  T.  663  84.  C.  645.  Maj.  C.   L.   312.     H.  Gallwey,   Maj.   Sir 

Drax,  J.  312  F.J.   559.      M.  535.     Sir  J.  110.        W.  P.  425 

Drewe,  A.  M.  556  220.     W.  83  Sir  J.  F.  426,  534  Gambier,  S.  J.  635 

Drumroond,  C.  E,  Elrington,W.F.3I4  Fiizberbert,  R.  R.  Garden,  Capt.W. 83 

202.     F.  85.     H.  Elton,  M.  A.  536  558  Gardiner,  SirJ.  534. 

201,202.     H.  H.  Elwes,    Miss     646.  Fitzinaurice,   Hon.        Sir  R.  83 

425  J.  M.  312.  T.  H.  W.  E.  84  Gardner,  E.  556 

Drury,  C.  536  536  Fitzpatrick,  J.   H.  Garland,  W.  666 

Duckworth,   S.   C.  Ely,  G.  330  M.  329  Gamier,  B.  N.  426. 

666  Eroerton,  M.  556  Fiizroy,  A.  313              Lady  C.  200.    T. 

Ducrow,  555  Emmett,     E.    536.  Fleming,  J.  W.  427        534 

Dudley,  C.  M.  221.  G.  N.  536  Fletcher,  Lady  645.  Garnons,     G.     G. 

J.  110,  443  Ennos,  M.  667  M.  330                         328 

Duff,  Capt.  G.  83  Ensor,  J.  535  Flint,  A.  646.     W.  Garrett  200 

Dukinfield,  E.  554  Erskine,    Hon.    D.  C.  534  Gaselee,  H.  552 

Dumerque,  F.  314  535.     Rt.    Hon.  Flower,  C.  646  Gaskill,  E.  219 

Dunbar,  H.  646.  J.  T.83  Fonblanque,   J.    S.  Gaskin,  N.  E.  442 

314,  668.  Sir  W.  Esmonde,  M.  558  M.  de  G.  de  83  Gayer,  C.  313 

645  Espinassp,  R.  217  Fonnereau,  C*   W.  Geare,  E.  85 - 

Duncan,   Visc'tess  Esseu,  P.  von  644  327  Gedge,  Mrs.  557 

426.     F.  84.  Essex,  E,  217  Foord,  T.  555  Gehle,  H.  85 


088 

Geldurt,  J.  109,114. 

J.  W.  100 
Gene«t,  J.   lOi 
r.eiitle,  J.  447 

r.eriKin,  P.  'A»2 
(tiiihunt,  (•.  5.'6 
GiUoii,   C.   W.  84. 

J.  42G 
Gilbert,  II.  E.  314. 

J.  I).  31*2 
Gilft,  J.  1>.  S^OO 
Gillfupii-,  2'J'i.       J. 

Gillmiir,  A.  T.  G44 
Gilpin,  M.  103.    R. 

T.  425 
Giorfri,  L.  E. 'J02 
Girdleslone,   .1.    G. 

4'iG.     W.  E.  327 
Gis.bi.riip,  W.  220 
Gist,  \V.  313 
GlvtUtRiies,  E.  553 
Glfi^,  G.  6CA 
GleiiUon,  Lil.  201 
Giyn,  G.  C  83 
GIvnii,    G.   C.    84. 

S.  555 
Gofldani,    A.    535. 

n.  N.  536 
Gottelroy,  J.  669 
Godfrey,  J.  105 
Goltiie,  Maj.  T.  L. 

425 
Goldin^,  S.  201 
Gold&cl)inidr,A.1 1 1 
Gonipertz,  R.  215 
Goorh,  J.  H.  426 
Gooday,  P.  S.  328 
Goodman,   J.   667* 

Capt.  S.  E.  425 
Goodrich,  L.C.  427 
Good  ridge,  Dr.  333 
Goodwin,  G.   105 
Gordon,  A.  I.  314. 

Mai.    C.   E.   83. 

SirF.  109.  J.216, 

314.      J.    C.   M. 

201.   W.  109,314 
Gore,  A.  333.     Lt. 

G.  559 
Goring,  C.  R.  443 
Goss,  C.  441 
Gotch,  C.  555 
Gougr^S    Mai. -Gen. 

SirH.  199.  R.  D. 

312.     W.  R.  219 
Go»l(),    E.  W.  553. 

Lt.N.  106.  Capt. 

W.  B.  110 
Gower,  E.  646.  W. 

L.  426  ib. 
Graham  330.  J.  557 

W.  A.  84.  W.  B. 

C.  333,  659 


Index  to  Names. 


Grainger,  II.  646 
Gram  666,    A.  313. 

Sir  A.C.  644.  F. 

666,  H.645.  M. 

A.  441.     W.  331 
Gravatt,  Lt.  T.  558 
Grave II,  F.  669 
Gray,  Mr,  645.    G. 

84.     R. 440.     R. 

C.  6 15 
Greavi'fi,   E.  E.   E. 

313 
Green,    Mrs.    329. 

E«.      3«0.         Ei.     L<. 

535.     (i.  E.  427. 

J.  201,314.     M. 

331.     S.  A.  557. 

W.  220 
Grfene,  E.  314.  II. 

J.  102.     J.  219 
Greenfield,    B.    W. 

201 
GreensaP,  J.  85 
Greeiitree,  T.  668 
Greenwood,  E.  330. 

J.  332.  R.  II.  103 
Greer,  Lt.  J.  M.  534 
Gregory,  A. W.  201. 

H.556.  Rt.Hon. 

W.  668 
Greville,  F.  646 
Grey,  A.  L.  W.  557. 

Sir  C.  E.  84.     L. 

J.  H.  201.  M.201 
Griffin,  E.  F.  201 
Griffith,  C.  201.  F. 

L.  552.     M.  332, 

443.     T.  H.  667 
Griffiths,     E.    331. 

M.  J.  555 
Grosvenor,  Ld.  443. 

Lady    R.     645. 

Ld.  R.  425 
Grove,  P.  332 
Grundon,  E.  107 
Gubhins,  H.  200 
Gnillemard,  L.  445 
Guinness,  H.  109 
Gordon,  W.  2^)0 
Gurney,  W.  200 
Guthrie,  E.  A.  329 
Gwyn,M.  216 
Hadden,  H.  F.  553. 

R.  D. 314 
Haddon,T.  C.  313, 

536 
Hadley,  W.  S.  200 
Haggitt,  M.  553 
Ualburd,  R.  425 
Halcombe,  J.  313 
Hale,  M.   A.   536. 

M.  B.  427 
Halkett,     Lt.     H. 

668 


IIan,A.  W.  84.  H. 

105.  J.  331,  443. 

R.  314.     S.  668. 

W.  J.  B.  552 
Halliday    557.     A. 

552, 555.  S.  332 
Halls.  B.  85.  E.  221 
Halsey,  T.  P.  84 
Hamersley,  H.3I2 
Hamilton,    A.    M. 

426.    F. 535, 552. 

H.   645.     H.    B. 

426.     I.  536.    J. 

109.     J.   J.  664. 

J.  R.  426 
Hammi<'k,S.  L.105 
Hammond,     T.    tl. 

535.  F.  G.  645. 
S. L.  646 

Hampson,  Capt.  £. 

644 
Hanburgh,  J.  534 
Hancock,    M.  444. 

R.  441 
Haiidcoik,  E.  558 
Hankey,  T.  A.  83 
Hankin,  G.  Ill 
Hanley,  J.  663 
Hannam,  E.  427 
Hanson,     J.      104. 

K.  668 
Hanwell,  E.  C.  314 
Harberton,    Dow. 

Visc'tess  220 
Harbin,  C.  219 
Harborne,  R.  332 
Harcourt,  Mrs.  645 
Hardcastle,   J.  A. 

536 
Hardesty,  C.  105 
Harding,  J.  H.  84 
Hardinge,  H.  84 
Hardwick,    S.     M. 

218 

Hardwicke2l7 
Hare,  C.  444.  J.  C. 

534 
Harewood,    C'tess 

of  332 
Harford,    M.    666, 

S.  312 
Hargrave8,M.A.554 
Harman,  A.  2l7f  J* 

553 
Harraden,  E.  552 
Harridge,  D.  F.  103 
Harries,  G.  J.  427 
Harris,  C.  220.     S. 

445.     T.  N.  425 
Harrison,  556.     A. 

536.  A.  G.  646. 
C.  444,  446.  E. 
105,  427.  F.  G. 
634.  G.  646.    G. 


A.  669.     H.   O. 

665.   J.  441.    J. 

H.  105 
Han,  F.  42T.   S.A. 

313.     W.  314 
Hartley,   Mrs.  334. 

£.  222 
Hartopp,  E.  B.  645 
Hanrey,  Capt.  535. 

D.  \V.   84.     M. 
1 10, 328 

Harward,  J.N. 645 
Harwi>od667.  C.84 
Hase,  Mrs.  665 
Ha^Jewood,  G.    H. 

101.     W.  536 
Hassall,  J.  313 
Haste,  P.  329 
Hastings,  W.  328 
Hatch,  C.  84 
Hattait,  R.  A.  427 
Haviland,A.D.  667 
Hawes,  B.  83.    M. 

109 
Hawkins,  G.  A.  85. 

J.  535 
Hawks,  Sir  R.S.44S 
Hawley,  R.  M.  558 
Hay,  A.  646.  Capt. 

J.  83.  Maj.  J.223 
Hayes,  J.  534.     T. 

646 
Hayganb,  Mr.  665 
Hayiies,  A.  T.  445 
Head,  A.  554.     Sir 

E.  426 
Headly,  H.  426 
Heald,  R.  314 
Hearn,  C.  85.     R. 

T.  B.  85 
Heatb,J.G.  L.332. 

M.  107.    W.  553 
Heathcote,  G.  1-02 
Heatley,  M.S18 
Hebd«n,E.  105,215 
Hele,  R.  H.  S.  103 
Helsharo,  E.  6GB 
Hemiiig,  D.  312 
Hendry,  H.  F.  201 
Heneage,  E.  645 
Henniker,  M.  554 
Henshaw,  G.  H.  G. 

202 
Hensman,  H.  426 
Henty,  T.  668 
Hepburn,  Sir  T.  B. 

645 
Hepbunip,  C.  558 
Hereford,  Bp.of  SOI 
Herrini^,  Col.  109 
Herrey,  M.  P.  443 
Heslop,  (  .  C.  555 
Hewitt,  LadyM.313 
Hewlett,  A.  ^200 


Index  to  Names. 


Hewsoni    D.    668. 
F.  645.  M.  A.  85 
Hey  gate,  A.  331 
Heytesbury,    Hon. 
•    F.  A.  A*C.  332 
Hey  wood,  T.  312 
Hicks-Beacb,    Sir 

M.  H.  312 
Hickson,  B.  334 
Higgins  558 
Higbmore,F.N.200 
Hildyard,  F.  200 
Hill,  E.  218.  £.  L. 

445.     F.  M.  220. 
H.   334.     J.  84, 

217.       M.     446. 

Lady  M.  426 
Hiliersden,S.  F.217 
Hillersdun,  J.  105 
Hilton,Capt.W.559 
Hinckesman,  J.  556 
Hinuber,  Col.A.554 
Hippesley,  H.  312 
Hiron,  E.  427 
Hitcbcock,  R.  441 
Hitcbins.L.H.  646 
Hoare,H.R.  F.  555 
Hobbes,  C.  M.  201 
Hobhouse,  Sir  J.  C. 

312 
Hockley  667 
Hodgkin,  J.  327 
Hodgkin8on,C.328 
Hodgson,    A.  441. 

E.  667.     F.  534. 

H.  333.  J.  F.  534. 

M.  R.  202.  R.  S. 

426.     W.  84 
Hodson,   Dr.    222. 

K.  104 
Hogg,  J.  W.  200. 

I.  J.  313 
Hoggart,  M.  108 
Hole,  A.  R.  202.  J. 

W,  443 
Holford,  G.  C.  426 
Holland,    £.    329. 

G.  426.     J.  107. 

M.  427 
Hollingwortb,Arch- 

deacon  645.  N.  J. 

101.     0. 645 
HoUist,  J.  108 
Hollond,  R.  535 
HoUoway,  S.A.332 
Holmes,     A.    314. 

W.  S.  314 
Holmesdale,  Visc*- 

tess  84 
Holroyd,  £.  83.    J. 

216 
Holt,  F.  334 
Honeywoody  P.    J. 
H.534 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol. 


Hood,  Vi8c'tess645. 

Lady  M.  84 
Hook,  S.  85 
Hooper,  Capt.  329. 

J.  665.     T.  645. 

T.  C.  535 
Hope,  Lady  A.  445. 

Capt.  C.  B.  b34, 

R.  556 
Hopkins,  Capt.  E. 

P.  552.      H.   G. 

314.     M.  554 
Hornby,  E.  D.  442 
Horndon,   Maj.   J. 

D.554.  W.D.314 
Home,  E.  85 
Horner,  Maj.  J.  B. 

334 
Horton,E.  314,426 
Hotchkin,  F.S.314 
Hotbam,  F.  314 
Hougb,  E.  535 
Hougbton,  L.  332 
Houldricb,H.L.536 
How,  A.  G.  313 
Howard,     A.    427. 

Hon.  B.  E.  441. 

Hon.  J.  200 
Howell,  A.  439.  B. 

85 
Hoy,  J.  445 
Huddle8ton,M.669 
Hudson,    Miss  109. 
J.  103.  J.  J.  102 
Hugbes,  H.  84.    J. 

328.  R.  R.  84 
Hull,  E.215 
HuUett,  J.  200 
Hulton,  S.  219 
Humpbries,  M.536 
Hummerston,    £. 

201 
Hunloke,  Sir  H.  J. 

J.  312 
Hunt,    C.  A.    102. 

W.  C.  218 
Hunter,  T.  552 
Huntley,  H.  V.  84 
Hurd,J.314 
Hurlock,  S.  443 
Hurst,    N.  330. 

Capt.  R.  H.  312. 

W.  84- 
Husband,  C.  106 
Hu88ey,LadyM.552 
Hustler,  J.  442 
Hutcbesson,  Le  M, 

F.  222.     S.  220 
Hutcbins,E.J.200. 

J.  327 
Hutchinson,  A.  C. 

329.  Hon.  C.  H. 
84.    J,  202,646. 

XIII. 


M.  T.  202.  T.  F. 

427 
Hutton,  Comm.  F. 

534 
Ibbott,  M.  217 
Iggulden,  E.  535 
llbery,  J.  447,  668 
Ingest  re,  Lady  S.535 
Jnnes,     Miss    222. 

W.  M.  534 
Irby,Hon.P.A.426 
Iremonger,T.L.644 
Irlaro,  G.  B.   219 
isle  wood,  A.M.  201 
Ivory,  J.  644 
Jackson,    C.     201. 

E.  S.85.  J.  215, 

218,446.  R.  no. 

W.  B.  85 
Jacob,  J.  H.  427 
Jacques,  D.  555 
Jago,  M.  A.  666 
James,  F.  106.     J. 

102,200.  T.  534, 

536.     W.  84 
Jarrett,  J.3I2.  W. 

L.  426 
Jarvis,  A.  F.  201. 

C.  M.  G.  646.  E. 

444 
Jeaffreson,  H.  535 
Jebb,  R.  447 
JeflFray,  L.  W.  536 
JefF.eys,     H.    330. 

H.  A.  84.     J.  G. 

646.     M.  R.  314 
Jeffries,  T.  107 
Jenkins,  Lady  535. 

G.  D.  220.  H.  C. 

552.     J.  C.  426. 

W.  221 
Jerningbam,  F.  535 
Jervois,  A.  M.  556 
Jeston,  R.  G.  426 
Jobnson,  R.  556 
Jobnstone,    Hon. 

Miss  426 
JollifFe,  Lady.426 
Jones,  C.  330.     E. 

201.  G.  426.  H. 
P.  645.  J.  327. 
Capt.  J.  644.  L. 

202.  W.  202 
Jordan,  J.  1 1 1 
Jordeson,T.  P.  201 
Jorge,  J.  1 1 1 
Joy,  H.  H.  535 
Keane,    Lt.-Gen. 

Sir  J.  83 
Keating,  M.  558 
Keene,  W.  666 
Keitb,  C.  H.  536. 

Maj.  J.  83.  P.  439 
Kelly,  W.  427 


Kdso,  S.  554 
Kemble,  J.  M. 
Kempson,  M.  { 
Kendall,     E. 

Capt.  G.  44i 
Ketinaway,C.E  ' 
Kennedy,    J.   i 

W.  L.  426 
Kent,  E.  85.  R.< 

W.  445 
Kenyon,  L.  A.  ! 
Kerr,  W.  F.  84 
Kersbaw,Capt.J.I 
Kersteman,  Lt.-   . 

Col.  330 
Key,  S.  85 
Kidman,  T.  553 
Kier,  E.  M.  557 
King,  J.   103,  429, 
552.     M.  F.  646. 
Hon.P.  J.L.312. 
W.E.  109 
King4cote,T.H.425 
Kingsley,  A.  314 
Kingston, L.H.  442 
Kinlocb,  J.  215 
Kinnaird,    Ld.  84, 

200 
Kinneir,  C.  M.  332 
Kinsman,  M.J.  427 
Kintore,  L.  C*tes8 

of  536 
Kipling,  J.  103 
Kirke,  Lt.W.  F.556 
Kirkland,  N.  330 
Kiscb,  B.441 
Kitson,  E.   P.  445. 
L   107.     Maj.  J. 
425.     W.  C.  534 
Kittoe,  L.  C.  646 
Knigbt,E.427,554. 
J.  646.     W.  108 
KnoUis,  F.  M.  200, 

313 
Knott,    Maj.    666. 

R.  R.  84 
Knowles,  J.  441 
Labatt,  E.  645 
Laboucbere,    Rt. 

Hon.  H.  645 
Lacon,  A.  G.  314 
Ladbroke,  F.  446 
La  Farque,  M.   M. 

444 
Lafone,  A.  R.  201 
Laing,  Capt.  668 
Lake,  G.  H.  85 
Lamb,  G.  F.  85.  S. 

85.     I.  A.  646 
Lambart,   Hon.  R. 

W.  219 
Lambert,    J.    216 

R.  W.  84 
Lambirtb,  F.  536 
4  T 


690 

La  Muiit,  11.  5&(i 
Landon,  E.  II.  20S 
Landsetr,  J.  V17 
Lane,  S.  KN,  441 
Lan^,  11.  a  AG 
Langfiflii,  J.  GA'i 
LaiiKslow,M.S.'JOI 
LaiiRtoii,  A.W.<2()0 
Laiiyon,  C.  A.  GG7 
Larcum,  T.  A.  535 
Lardiier,  C.  lOG 
Larken,  C.  '201 
Lascelles,  Ri.Hon. 

E.  V.  334 
Latham,  F.  314 
LaTouche.J.\V.(J45 
Lauro,  C.  L.  3'JB 
Lavie,  C.  9'.M 
Law,    Hon.   II.   S. 

420'.  J.   83.     W. 

901 
Lawrance,  C.  555 
Laurence, M  rs.!^  1 8. 

A.  111.  F.  C.314 

W.  R.  330 
Lawrenson,  Maj,  J. 

199 
Lawson,  C.  S20.  J. 
216.  W.  312.  W. 

F.  107. 
Lax,  M.  107 
Lay,  E.  J.  333 
Lea,  G.  313 
Leach,  S.  2S0 
Leacock,  S.  C.  669 
LeBa8,L.  427,535 
Le  Blanc,  Mr8.666. 

A.  85 
LeBoutellier,G.552 
Lee,  Miss  315.    T. 

22 1 ,  557 
Leeke,  W.  534 
Lees,  W.  535 
Leete,  M.  441 
Lefevre,  M.  668 
Le  Gard,  Lady  84 
Lebair,  A.  443 
Leigh,  J.  329 
LeitriiD,   C'tess  of 

329 
Le  Keus,  R.  553 
Le  Mesurier,  A.  E. 

536 
Lennpriere,  H.  427. 

J.  104 
Lennox,  Ld.  G.  425 
Leilie,F.  A.  P.427 
Lethbridge,  A.  427 
Lettsom,    Capt.  S. 

200 
Leveson,  Ld.  425 
Levett,  T.  108 
Lewes,  F.  A.  559 


Itulex  to  Nitmes. 


Lewis,  A.  219.     C. 

5.'>>f.     C    L.  85. 

E.  S.  200.    J.  W. 

312.   11.  536.    R. 

W.  645.     S.  558. 

Capt.W.G.  I.  no 
Leybourne,  T.  442 
Liddle,  C.  446 
LiKhtfuot,  J.  329 
Lilford,  Lady  645 
Lilley,  E.  201 
Lincoln,  Earl  of  044 
Linley,  Mrs.  221 
Linton,  E.  313 
Lippincolt,R.C.202 
Lipirap,  A.  646 
Lister,    E.    A.    \V. 

446.     S.  557 
Listowell,     C'tess 

535.     Earl  312 
Livie,  J.  216 
Llewellyn,   R.  312. 

\V.  667 
Lloyd,  A.  85.     D. 

109.     G.  P.  312. 

Capt.  J.  83.     L. 

427.     M.  218 
Locke,  G.  W.  427 
Lockhart,    Sir   N. 

M.  645 
Lockyer,  N.  85 
Loggin,  W.  C.  329 
Lomax,  E.  313 
Lomer,  A.  217 
Iiong,G.  107.     W. 

J.  426 
Longdon,  C.  S.  314 
Longridge,   G.   H. 

221 
Lord,  F.  536 
Lorimer,  M.  445 
Louden,  A.  1 10 
Loughborough,  T. 

314 
Loughnan,    A.   H. 

314 
Loveday,A.2I9,330 
Lovett,  C.  221.   R. 

534 
Low,  J.   667.    Lt. 

R.  445 
Lowe,  Capt.A.C.83 
Lowndes,  E.S.  201. 

W.  84.   W.  S.  84 
liowtbian,  J.  440 
Loxbam,  A.  330 
Lucas,  J.  107 
Ludlow,  A.  202 
Lumb,  W.  85 
Lumley,   Lady    A. 

M.    667.     Hon. 

Sir  W.  644 
Luscombe,  S.  534 


Lusbington,  S.  215 
Lye,  M.  A.  427 
Lyell,  M.  202 
Lynn,  Lt.  J.  425 
Lyon,  C.  W.  332 
Lyons  A.  B.T.  313. 

Capt.  Sir  E.  644 
Lysagbt,  Hon.  J.  A. 

313 

Lyttelton,  Lady557 
MacauUy ,  Rt .  Hon. 

T.  B.  200 
M*Barnet,  Mrs. 646 
Macbraire,  J.J.I  11 
Mac  Call,  G.  536. 

Capt.  G.  312 
M'Caul,  J.  201 
M'Cbeaiie,  J.  313 
M'Creight,  W.  W. 

201 
M*l)ivett,  J.  IC7 
Macdonald,  E.    H. 

646.  J.  202.  Lt.. 

Col.  R.  83 
M'Donell,    Dr.  A. 

327 
M*Uougall,  Maj.  J. 

534 
M'Dowell,  Maj.  G. 

L.  83 
MacfarUne,  Lt.- 

Col.  A.  109.    D. 

645 
M' Hardy,  Com.  200 
Mac  Intosh,  C.  669 
Mackay,  A.  535 
Mackenzie,   C.  H. 

G.  442.    Hon.F. 

C.  669.    H.  M. 

333.  P.  J.  C.  85 
Mackerell,  W.  666 
Mackeson,H.S.202 
Mackie,  E.  F.  554. 

F.  W.  328.  Maj. 

W.  110 
M'KinnoD,  Capt. 

G. 644. 
Mackretb,  E.  801 
Maclacblan,   Lt.- 

Col.  A.  644 
Maclaren,Maj.J.83 
Maclaughlin,    D. 

644 
Maclean,  H.  646 
Macleod,    G.   223, 

333.    Sir  J.  318 
Madite,  D.  313 
M'Mahon,SirB.B. 

84 
MacnagbteOiW.  H. 

83 
Maenamam,  Miai 

447 


M*Pbers(>n,     Lt.. 
Col.   696.    M>ij. 

D.  425.  J.  447. 
L.  M.  S.  427 

Macvicar,  J.G.  202 
Maddox,  J.  553 
Magan,  G.  E.  314 
Magovern,  P.  1 10 
Maine,  J.T.  84,313 
Mainwaring,T.  312 
Maison,  Mars.  669 
Maitland,   C.   209. 

E.  313.     M.  A* 
202.  P.  84.  T.644 

Majendie,  Mr«.  107 
Miyor,  J.  P.  201 
Malan,  M.  M.  557 
Malcidm,   Capt.  G. 

A.  83 
Malim,  E.  108 
Malrng,  H.  M.  442 
Maliby,  E.  108.  H. 

J.  314 
Mann,  £.  202 
Manning,  J.  313 
Mantel],  H.  M.  442 
MargetU,  J.M.443 
Markbam,  E.  314. 

H.  W.  446.    W. 

R.  646 
Marrable,  T.  425 
Marriott,    A.    555. 

R.645 
Mand«n,  J.  H.  534 
Manb  106.  C.  486. 

W.646 
MartbaU  W.  801 
Manball,  C.    636. 

J.44I.Hoh.Mr». 

H.  C.  535.    W. 

C.669 
MarsbaiD,  J.  489 
Marsbman,J.R^808 
Manoiif  L.  S.  85 
Marten,  R:  H.  106 
Mania,D.443.  G. 

486.    P.  830.  & 

536 
Martineau,  C.  328 
Martins,  W.  318 
Marton,  G.  800 
Martyr,  a.  557 
Mash,  Sir:T.  448 
MasfcelyiM,  W.  557 
Madin,M.891 
Allaton,  E.  330*  W. 

444 
Mau^,  T.  80Q 
MaMte,  Conm.  T. 

L.534 
Master,  T.C.  536 

Mastenpna&t  L*  487 
MatlMWf  Cl^..535. 
'  R.9I6 


Inde9  to  Names, 


Mathews,  S.  E.  6^5 
Mattass,  W.  334 
Kfattbew,  R.  443. 
Mattbev,  M.  C.  C. 
.    A.  334 
Maughan,  J.  902 
Mauly,  E.  329 
Maunsell,  Capt.  R. 

644 
Maurice,  T.  31 3 
Maxwell,  G.  85.  W. 

C.  313 
May,  S.  536 
Maynard,  Hon.  C. 

H.313 
Mayne,  M.  991 
Maysoiiy  S.  Q6Q 
Meara,  J.  103 
Medley,  H.  St.  J.84. 

J.  W.  536 
Medhurst,  G.W.W. 

667 
Meeke,  W.  B.  425 
Meergv,  M.  554 
Meilan,  A.  108 
Mellan,  A.  552 
Mellersh,  W.P.645 
Melvil,  R.  668 
Melvill,  H.  534 
Mercer,     E.      202. 

Maj.  H.  106.  Lt. 

W.  R.  217 
Mercier,  M.  216 
Merrick,  H.  202 
Merriinan,N.  J.426 
Merry,  S.  218 
Michel,  Capt.J.425 
Michell,  Mrs.  331 
Middleton,  B.  442. 

J.  108 
MitviJie,  J.  F.  327 
Miles,  A.  QQQ 
Mill,  H.554 
Miller,    Mrs.    216. 

C.  536.     S.  444. 

T.  104,330 
Mills,  A.  646.     A. 

H.  445.     E.  667. 

J.  84 
Miln,  J.222 
Milner,  R.  645 
Millies,  331 
Milward,  A.  W.  669 
Minet,  J.  535.    W. 

B.  427 
Minter,  A.  85 
Mitchell,Capt.F.T. 

644.  J.  552 
Mitton,  J.  645 
M()ffatt,C.10l.  E. 

M.  D.  646 
Moor,  Maj.  H.536. 
Moore,  Dr.  427.  A. 

J.  85.      E.   200. 


E.   M.  201.      F. 

H.  334.     M.333. 

R.  645.  T.  D.84. 

W,  219 
Mooser,  A.  335 
Moncorvo,    Bar'esi 

de  313,441 
Monerieffe,     Capt. 

200.  Capt.G.  312 
Money,  J.  H.  646 
Montagu,  Hon.  Mrs. 

535,  Capt.  J.  W. 

535 
Montague,C.F.665. 

Capt.  J.  W.  84 
Monrjeagle,      Lady 

108 
Monteatb,  Lt.-Col. 

T.  83 
Montgomery,  M.F. 

443 
Morell,  T.  552 
Morgan,  F.109 
Morris,  S.  221 
Morrison,    J.    425, 

W.  H.  332 
Mortiiner,G.  F.  W. 

534 
Mortlock,Mrs.  106, 

114.     T.3I2 
Morton  445.  E.447, 

646,  668.    J.  QQQ 
Mostyn,  Hon.  E.L. 

425.  Hon.  E.  M. 

L.  312.     H.  645 
Mottley,  G.  554 
Mount,  C.  M.  426. 

S.  107 
Mow  bray,  A.  443 
Moyle,  Capt.  202 
Moysey,  F.  L.  645 
Mud^e,  S.  E.314 
Munbee,     C.       E. 

202 
Mundell,   Lt.  H.  J. 

222 
Mundy,  Capt.  G.  C. 

199 
Muntz,  G.  F.  200 
Murdock,  W.  109 
Murphy,  S.  314 
Murray,  A.  J.  646. 

E.  314.     Hon.F. 

313 
Musgrave,     Sir  G. 

312 
Muson,  M.  221.  S. 

557 
Myers,  F.  218 
Mylne,  J.  222 
Nalson,  J.  200,  202 
Napier,  G.  644 
Narishkin,     Prince 

669 


Neale,  E.  332 
Neave,  Hon.   Mrs. 

201 
Neilson,  E.  A.  330 
Nelley,  Capt.  J.  P. 

83 
Nevill,  A.  646.     J. 

328 
Neville,  J.  P.  645 
Nevinson,  552 
Newcole,  Lt.W.222 
Newcomb,    C.     G. 

202 
Newdigate,Lady  B. 

53S 
Newman,  R.F.I 08. 

T.  427 
New  march,  J.  557 
Newsam,  P.  427 
Newton,C.220.   W. 

83,551 
Nibi,  Prof.  334 
Nicbolls,  Miss,  331. 

H.  J.  444 
Ninholson,H.  1.200. 

J.  326.     M.  427, 

536.     Lt.  W.  558 
Nicolay.    Lt.-Gen. 

Sir  W.  83 
Nicolls,  A.   J.  535. 

M.329 
Niess,  Lt.  J.  218 
Nightingale,  J.  83 
Noakes,  J.  444 
Noble,  R.  101.  W. 

201 
Noel,  Hon.C.G.3I2 
Nolan,  J.  103.     J. 

333 
Nonely,  R.  M.  108 
Norcott,E.  D.  313 
Norgate,  T.  S.  645 
North,  E.  F.  334 
Northcote,  557 
Nott,  J.  N.  314 
Nugent,    Lady  R. 

646 
Nunn,  W.  664 
Nurse,  J.  326 
Oakden, R.  QQQ 
Oakeshott,   M.    H. 

107 
Oakley,  W.  H.  85 
O'Brien,  Capt.    H. 

536 
OXallaghan,  H.313 
O'Connell,  M.  313 
O'Connor,  M.  558 
O'Donovan.  M.  101 
Ogilvy,  J.  426 
Ogle,   Capt.  B.   N. 

333 
0'Hanlon,H.M.646 
Olbers  67O 


Oldacres,  S.L.  i 
Oldfield,  C.  222 
Oldham,  J.  3 
Oliphant,  Maj. 
Oliver,  C.  217.. 

221,558.  J.H.5 
Oliverson,  A.  2$ 
Onslow,  Maj.W.< 
Orchard,  T.  201 
Ofd,  J.  C.  536 
Orde,  E.  A.  554 
Ormerod,  O.  534 
Orton,  A.  C.  329 
Osborne,  G.  102.  J« 

P.  536 
Owen,  J.  425.    L. 

221 
Oxenbam,  W.  645« 

S.  G.  558 
Page,  J.  R.  84.    R« 

83 
Paget,  Capt.  F.  200.: 

312.     S.  H.  425 
Pakenbam,     Arch- 

d*n  426 
Palmer,  C.  B.  552. 

C.J.  314.  Lt.  G. 

200.SirG.J.312. 

H.  85.    J.  H.  83. 

L.  W.   442.     N. 

442.     S.  S.  644 
Pampbilt,  Prin.  D. 

535 
Papendick,  C.  665 
Papilon,  J.  427 
Pardy,  VV.  444 
Pares,  T.  J.  T.  202, 

426 
Paris,  F.  201 
Park,  Mrs.  328 
Parker,  A.  555.  H. 

108.     J.  106 
Parkes,  A.  444.    J. 

T.  441 
Parkin,  Coram.  425 
Parlby,  S.  106 
Parr,  J.  O.  313 
Parry,  A.  219.     A. 

M.  427.     Sir  L. 

P.J.  312 
Parslow,  J.  218 
Parsoiis,  Mrs.  445. 

Maj.  J.  b.  83 
Pan  ridge,  J.  A.426 
Pasley.SirT.  S.535 
Patch,  R.  B.  551 
Patten,  R.  ^7 
Paterson,  M.  106 
Patterson,  E.  A.536 
Patlinson,  W.  327 
Paty,  Col.  G.  W.83 
Pavis,  A.  217 
Payne,  A.  J.  85 
Payiiter,  S.  L.  202 


69^  Index  to  Name; 

Pt-Ach,  M.  9^0  PickerinfT,  F.  31G.    Eye,  H.  J.  319  Robertson,  E.  534 

Pearuck,  C.  319  T.  11.  313  Pyne,  H.  536  Robins,  S.  496 

Pearce,  S.  553  Pickstone,  T.  3)5      Quartly,  H.  6*66  Robinson,   A.   105. 

Pearson,  H.  535.  H.    Picton,  C.  M.  558      Quin,   Comm.    W.        E.  109>  437.    Sir 
S.  (}70.     S.  108        Pidsley,  J.  339  H.  435  6.S.486.  H.  313. 

Peat,  Cupt.  A.  C.83    PiRot,  F.  320  RadcliflFe,  Mrs.  555.        534.    R,  555.  W. 

Pecliel,  Sir  J.  534       PijToit,  F.  303.    T.        W.  C.  646  316 

Peddle,  J.  337  439.     W.  300         R»f?((ett,  R.  319         Robson,  J.  SOI 

Pedler,  Lt.  Col.  P.     Pike,  J.  107  Raikes,  G.  331  Ruby,  J.  103 

W.  84  Pilfrrim,  C.  A.  302    Ram,  S.  535  Robyns,  T.  101 

Pell,  Col.  554  Pilkington,  H.  199     R«ndell,  J.  H.  105    Rocheid,  J.  669 

Pelleau,  H.  314  Piiider,  Prof.  313        Randolph,  H.  313       Rocliffe,  W.  L.  331 

rellefrrini,  D.  669      Pitt,  C.  663  Ranfurly,  C'tess  of  Rodney,  Dow.  Lady 

Pfllew,  F.  U.  333       Place,  R.  H.  554  334  553 

Peml.erton,      Mrs.    Plasker,  C.  C.  666.    Ranken,  H.  436         Roe,  E.  T.  303 

5r)6.     C.  446  Sir  R.  535  Rnpier,  C.  663  Rogers,  E.  313.   J. 

Pcnlenze,  J.  S.  534     Plincke,  A.  556  Rawdon,  J.  D.  644        317,  666.     Capt. 

Pennefather,  Dr.  J.    Plowden,  L.  C.  436    Rawes,  J.  300.    W.        W.  H.  4S6 

101.     S.  S14  Plumptre,  M.  444  646  RoUeston,  C.  F.  A. 

Penny,    Mrs.    331.    Plunket,  M.  558         Rawlinson,  E.  446.        645.     J.  535 

B.  339  Potiiler,  A.  669  H.  85.     S.  301       Rolt,  H.  B.  536 

Pennycuick,    Maj.    Pole,  R.  301  Rawson,  W.  F.  831    Rooke,  G.  107,  316 

J.  83  Pollexfen,  G.  85  Raye,  C.  M.  303         Roper,  645.     C.  R. 

Penruddorke,      C.    Pollock,  R.  314         Raymond,  J.  535  645.  L.  A.  301 

108.     436  Pomfret,  C'tess  535   Rayne,  Mrs.  553        Rose,  J.  300 

Peiiyston,  U.  445       Ponsonby  F.  I.  313     Rayner,  E.  314  Roseberry,  Earl  of 

Pepys,  E.  535.     H.    Poole,   A.  C.   555.    Raynes,  M.  J.  330         435 

300  F.  557  Read,  M.  301  Ross,  A.    E.    645. 

Perceval,  Mrs.  218.    Poore,  A.  M.  301.    Reade,  J.  B.  84  Col.   Sir    H.   D. 

Hon.  A.  P.  201.        E.  536  Reay,  S.  436  644.     J.  319 

Hon.  C.  443.    £.    Pope,  Arcbd'on  313    Reece,  R.  536  Russer,  £.  H.  437 

645  Portal,  A.  437  Reeve,  J.  313  Roug^hton,  W.  445 

Perigal,  L.  A.  314      Portman,  F.  B.  534   Reid,  Lt.  Col.  G.  A.    Rouse,  J.  338 
Pern,  S.  317  Pott,  A.  313  534  Rowlands,  D.  800 

Perrin,  E.  S.  F.303.    Potter,  J.  436  Relion,  E.  W.  436      Rowlandson,  A.  83. 

M.  313  Pottinger,    Lf.    E.    Rendlesham,   Lady       Lf.  G.  85 

Persse,  P.  441.   Lt.        83,84.     Col.  H.        436  Rowiett,  W.  444 

Col.  W.  83  83.  Capt.  W.  534   Rennell,  T.  106  Roxburghe,    Duke 

Peter,  W.  534  Powell,  J.  C.  437.   Renton,  S.  E.  441  of  485 

Peters,  C.  C.  319.        Capt.  T.  S.   83.    Reynolds,     H.    L.    Royle,  J.  669 

E.  535.  F.  M.645        P.  L.  536  314.    L.  104.  M.    Rucker,  H.  J.  448 

Petley,  E.  107  Power,  A.  B.  313  555  Rudd,  S.  801 

Pett,  J.  F.  85  Powys,  H.  P.  313      Ricardo,  M.  535         Rudge,  C.  K.  109. 

Pew,  Maj.  P.  L.  83     Prendergast,  C.  L.    Rice,  E.  436.  Hon.        E.  J.  84 
Phayre,  M.  313  109  S.  300  Rue,  W.  de  la  314 

Phelps,  J.  B.  106       Presburg,  C.  334        Rich,  C.  L.  H.  P.    Rumball,  F.  C.  85 
Philipps,  L.  669        Prescott,  555.  C.  556.     E.  A.  301     Rumsay,  W.  8.  808 

Philips,  A.  M.  313.       333  Richards,  E.  666        Ruppel,  L.  Ill 

J.  536  Prettejohn,  J.  536     Richardson,  M.  M.    Russell,  L.  801.  M. 

Phillimore,     Lady   Prettvman,  R.  84  315  330.  M.  A.  808. 

645  Priaulx,  H.  St.  G.    Richman,  J.  556  W.645.Ld.W.534 

Phillipps,     M.    A.       646  Rickards,  R.  F.  B.   Ruthven,  Hon.  W. 

318.  Price,  Dr.  303.    E.        314  817 

Phillips,  C.H.  644.       557.     J.  L.  313.    Ricketts,  £.  830.  J.    Ryoroft,      Sir     R. 
G.  P.  85.  H.645.       M.  436  318  486 

J.  F.  106.     Capt.    Prickett,  105  Rideout,  G.  303  Ryder,  C.  666 

J.  H.559.  L.  557.   Pritchard,    Comro.    Rider,  M.  A.  444       Sadler,  A.  886.     S. 
T.  83.     Capt.  T.       300.    J.  H.  107     Rimell,  £.  300  318 

J.  644.     W.  437     Proctor,  J.  338  Ripley,  H.  R.  440      Sainsbury,  C.  W.  85 

Philpot,  Maj.  Gen.    Prole,  Maj.  G.  N.    Risley,  E.  L.  437        St.  Alban'i»  Dach. 

P.  644  110  Roadley,  C.  437  535 

Philpott,  J.  338        ProBser,  R.  101  Roberts,  Lt.  Col.  A.   St.  Qoentiny  M^. 

Phipps  A.  C.  645    Prust,  E.  T.  331  83.  C.  C.  300.  £.       M.  C.  D.  199 

Hon.  Mrs.  £.535    Pryce,  M.  317  101.    E.  B.  816.   Sale,  Col.  R.  H. 88* 

H.  666.  Lady  M.   Puckle,  C.  301  J.  313.     M.  808.       ift. 

426  Puget,  H.  C.  308  R.  308  Salman,  W*  S.  534 


Inift  to  Names.  693 

Salmon,S.!SO  Sbee,W.313  Sorell.T.  S.  669  Stourton,  Hun.  W. 

SkIi,  M.  H.S  Sheen,  O.  S.  411  Souihnaud  666  SOO 

Sailer,  Ma).   II.    F.  Sbrplierd,   F.  645.  Spenkmxn,  R.  445  Stowc;,  A.  313 

83,  W.  333  J-  439  SpMrmin,A,Y.435  Slriny,  S,  A.  201 

S«lvin,  H.  536  Ii>i441  Spetiii,  J.  669 

S*lway,  E.  667  Spencer,    Hon.    T. 
S-ms.  S.  338  G.  313 

Samuel,  R.  101  Spiccr,  D.  &a5  IS5 

Satidet,  F.  101  ^  Spiiu,  C.  104  Simntham,  M.  331 

S^niirord.A.  919  »hari,  O.  3Se.    E.  Spudc,  A.  M.  S35  Siraton,  Lt,   Gen. 

S*nJwitlj,  Lt.  Col.  219  Spr»nger,  J.  666  Sir  J,  644 

B.  83  Shortland,  G.T.  G46  Spread,  Mij.  558  Siriekland,  W.  90S 

Siriceiii,  W.  St,  G.  Shorn,  F.  222  Spurrier,  A,  339  Slringer,    W.      H. 

CVj  Sliuiileworrh,  Mix  Siable,  M.  1D4  108.     M.  316 

Sauii.lerson,     Hon.  332.   E.  218,  313.  Slack,  Cap!.  R.  83  Slrode,  M^j.  C.  H. 

MiB.  300  f-  ^S  Sincpoole,  Lf.  Col.  43S.      S.  StII 

Saurii.,L,adyM.333.  Silva,   Dom   P.  d«       H.  319  Stron|t,  G.  20« 

M.A.3UI  334  SlalTurd,  M.  L.  331  Stnidoieke.H.  557 

Savage,  J.  4S:,535.  Sime,  Capt.  R.  916  Sulker,  U,  Cut.  F.  Slutrt,  A.  313.   G. 

R.  317  Simpton,  C.  S.436.       M3  F.  219.  W.  F.447 

Savidge,  M.  S20  H.  W.  436.     R.  Stamer,  W.  534  Slubbi,  H.  J.  667. 

Savile,  G.  336  645  Stai^bioueh.  E.  903  H.  930 

SavilU,  Hull.  P.  535  Sims,  W.  H.  104  Slanhope,  E.  536  Sluddert,  F.  313 

Sinclair,  J.  84.    W.  Sianley,      C.      302.  Siylet,  W.  644 

04  201                              Hod.  Mn.C.  535.  Suckling,  R.  A.646 

Skeggt,  G.  398               G.  3.  436  SogdiD,  W.  J.  930 

SchuleRrlrl,  T.  557>  Skrimibcr,  300                         'S.  Suneei,  A.  J.  536. 

T.  C.  446                                                                                     .;Sia.  E.  85.  E.  A.  536 

Sirhuniberg,  A.  667  S                                              lOB 

Schroder,  J.  B.43T  Slac           104,443.  SUrbuck,  L.  109 

IS  S-  ^67  Soirk,  J.  B3  Swaiawn,  S.  333 

Scobell,A.  554.R.A.  Sladc,  H>j.   M.  J.  Siarkey,  J.  E.   A.  Swann,C.H.436 

442  313.    S.  303               84  Swalm.n,  E.  397 

Scon,    Hon.    Mn.  Siarr,  T.  445  S-nj,  M.  A.  202 

535.  C.  85.  C»pr.  S[«lher,  L,  85  A.  399 

G.  390.     i.    105,  Sluut,  J.S16  Siead,  5.  85 

667.  Capt.  J.300.  SlyHeld,  D.  E.  670  Sleel,  Ll.  Col.  1117.  Sitymmer,  B.B.686 

Lt.  Col.J.B3.M.  Slyib,  R.  301                  Sir  R.  669  Syme,  I.  444 

A.  314.     R.  436.  Smealon,  J.  447                                JS?  Symci,  A.  318.   R. 

W.  900  Smtib,  107.  A. 496.  Siaphcnaon,  E.669.  427,536 

Scraiiun,  R.  106  A.  F.  437,  535.       J.  669  3tmond».  R.  G67 

Scully,  J.  441  C.  105,  64G.     C.  Sicrne,     Capt.    W.  Symont,  M.  L,  809, 

Sealy,  H.  668.     J.  E.  645.  C,  F.534.       49S  T.  C.  909 

P.  668  E.  314,  496.     F.  Sleuarl,  W.  V.  535  Taboii.H.  lOT 

Semon,J.442  C.      110.      F.    H.  Sie.ena,  H.  436  Talbol,    W,  H.    F. 

Seaoard,  J.  446  427.  H.  3)3, 437,  Slerenioii,    H.     J.  313 

Seeker,  A.  331  44l.     H.  C.  902,        645.  Ll.Col.T.e3  Tallend,  C.  85 

Seiel,  G.  S.  445  Col,  H.G.  435.  J.  Sleward,  C,  II I  Tanner,  J.  931 

Selwyn,  F.  E.  552  N.    534.     Sir    L,  Sleoart,  E.  M.  109.  Taubman,  Capt.  J. 

Sciiur,  B.  646  199.  Maj.   L.   9.        Sir   H.  645.     J.  T.G.3I3 

Serranlr,  Mrt.  445  104.     R.  85,558.        555.  Col.  J.  106.  T«>rey,  F.  108 

Se«ell,Hon.  J.334  S.  339.  3.  J.  lOH        R.  104.  S.  A.552  T«yler,  H.  497 

Seymour,  Li. F.435.  Smytb,  Hon.   Mn.  Stockenairoin,     A.  Taylor,  B.  446.    B. 

J.G,444  M5.    Lt.  Col.  C.       435  «99.     C.   L.  85. 

Sh..rkry,  Dr.  P.  333  83.    0.314  Sioddart,  J.  F.  MO  H.  84.     J.  109. 

Sharp.  R.  W.  663  Smyihe,  T.  W.  645  Sioker,  H.  436  T.  J.  333.      W 

Slwrpe,  S.J.  ;(S9  Smylhiea,  E.  314  Stuke.,  A.  S.  921  105,109.    W.  A. 

Shaw,  A.M.  C.2I9.  Snell,  N.  446  Slunebam,  T.  900  309 

S.  554  Sn«]d,  T.  663  3  ton  or,  C.  333.    C.  Tcbb«,  E.  C.  85 

Sbearinwi,  J.  443  Sou.deii,  P.  A.  323        H.  331  Teed,  E.  J.  S3S 


694 


Index  to  Names, 


T«Trv,   G.  T.    000. 

C-apt.  J.  414 
ThirkwfcU,  Cul.   J. 

83 
Thaine,  Capt.  GGO 
Thvohaltl.  E.  2Ui 
ThesiRer,  F.  4'J5 
Thew.  J.  2IG 
Thi-xioii,  T.  42G 
Thomas    '2 ID.     B. 
C.  332.     E.  SIH. 
F.J.'J23.  J.G46, 
(>69.    M.  538.  P. 
W.  328.      Lt.  R. 
314 
Thompson,  446.  A. 
J.   G0*5.      C.   83, 
442.     Lt.  J.  109, 
425.     T.  104 
Thomson,  A.  427. 
G.  219.  Cipt.G. 
83.     Maj.  G.  84. 
H.  558.  Capt.  J. 
110 
Tliornhill,  T.  535 
Thornton,  E.  426. 
H.M.  441.  S.  E. 
646 
Thorp,  T.  219,331 
Thorpe,  W.  200 
Thriny,  R.  427 
Throckmorton, 

Mrs.  535.  E.  553 
Thurlow,  Lad)r,552. 

M.  556 
Thwaites,  H.  221 
Th>iine,    LAdy    J. 

535 
Tilvy,  J.  329 
Timbreil,  E.  216 
Timings,  Capt.    H. 

223 
Timins,  L.  M.  M. 

202 
Tippetts,  J.  B.   216 
Tipton,  M.  E.  536 
Tiszkiewicz,  M.  de 

335 
Tobin,  J.  670.     S. 

C.  218 
Toke,  R.  R.  646 
Tolie,  J.  216 
Tollemarhe,  J.  312 
Tomes  J.  216 
Toniiinson,     Capt. 

N.  R.  425 
Toogood,  J.  G.  427 
Topham,  C.  E.  427 
Toplis,  M.  553 
Torrens,  R.  199 
Tower,  C.  T.  312 
Townsend,   H.   W. 

557.     R.  329 
Toye,  J.  T.  85 


Tracy,  Mi«<  553 
Traiit.  M.  E.  202 
Traveler,     E.     D. 

42G 
Travis  W.  J.  645 
TreUwiiy,    Sir   W. 

2(0 
Trench,  C.    le     P. 
102,535.    F.536 
Trench 'frd,  E.  554. 
J.  GfjfL  P.  M.443 
Tre*elyaii,  G.  426 
Tringham,  J.  216 
Tripp,  426 
Tri*cott,  L».  W.  E. 

536 
Tris(ram,H.  H.  553 
Trollope,  Capt.  C. 

536.     S.  645 
Tronson,   Maj.    E. 

T.  83 
Tubb,  M.  A.  556 
Tucker,     A.     314. 
Capf.  J.  J.   200. 
M.  426 
Tuffiiell,  C.  646 
Tufntll,  H.  200 
Tuimo,  R.  206 
Topper,  H.  314 
Turnbull,  J.  644 
Turner,  A.  202.    C. 
M.  646.     G.  554. 
G.  T.  200,  313. 
J.  221. J.  B.  535. 
M.  668.    W.  445 
Tuson,  F.   E.  313. 

Lt.  J.  110 
Twells,  J.  645 
Tvkisden,  T.  84 
Twiss,  W.  C.  313 
Twynam,  H.  330 
Tyrrell,  G.  W.  426 
Underwood,    C.   J. 
645.     Lady  C.  L. 
534.     J.  106 
Unett,  F.  104 
Upton,  Hun.  A.  199 
Vacbell,  S.  J.  441 
Vaizey,  S.  443 
Valentine,  G.  M.85 
Vandael,  669 
Vandeleur,  Lt.-Col. 
84.    Lady  G.  426 
Vanhouse,  S,  442 
Vanneck,Hon.Mr8. 

426 
Vaughan,  E.  P.426. 
J.  426.   L.  A.  85 
Veitch,  VV.  D.  200 
Venn, M.  554 
Venner,  D.  446 
Verney,  G.  557 
Vesey,  Mrs  444 
Vice,  E.  646 


Vicker*,  220 
Vigne,  F.  332 
Villel>ois,A.M.443. 

H    312 
Villiers,  lion.  E.  E. 

199 
Vincent,  W.  84 
Vipond,  M.  107 
VoUaDS,  W.  327 
Vowe,  T.  536 
Vowler,  Mhs  106 
Vyvyan,  Sir  R.  R. 

312 
Wade,   C.    J.   645. 

Lt.-Col.C  M.83. 

ib.  G.  218 

Waddingion,H.107 
Wagstatf,  H.  314 
VVahab,  T.  335 
Wait,  S.  A.  S.  202 
Wakeman,  J.    W. 
221.     S.  M.  106 
Walden,  L  G.  218 
"Walker,     E.     334. 
Gen.    Sir  G.  T. 
199.  H.314.Maj. 
P.  W.  644 
Wail,  H.  M.  85 
Wallace,  A.  C.  J. 

646 
Waller,  C.  H.  85. 

E.  219.     F.  S30 
Wallis,  A.  W.  203 
Walls,  G.  J.  105 
Walton,  F.  P.  200. 
Capt.  J.  232.Col. 
W.  L.  199 
Wanklyn,  E.  85 
Waiisey,  H.  557 
Wap&hare,  A.  427 
Warburton,  A.  553. 

J.  334 
Ward,  A.  220.      C. 

T.  426 
Warcle.  R.  665 
Wardroper,  C.  203 
Warneford,  555.  £. 

327 
Warner,  A.  J.  314. 
G.  L.  326.  W.327 
Warran,  Maj.  S.  R. 

84 
Warrand,  H.  104 
Warren,  Lady  220. 
B.  216.     Maj.  G. 
83.     J.  C.  443 
Warrington,  C.  T. 

110 
Wartnaby,  W.  331 
Wasey,  S.  E.  646. 

W.  G.  L.  426 
Waters,  E.  1 10 
Waterton,  H.  84 
Wathen,    Maj.    A. 
644.    J.  B.  201 


Wathersfon,  P.   J, 

200 
Watkins,  F.  441 
Watkinson,  M.  552 
Watkyn8,T.  H.2I9 
Watson,    Lt.    427. 
E.  667.     H.  104. 
J.  202.    Capt.  J. 
199.     J.  a  2J9 
Watt,  J.  338 
Watts,  W.  217 
Way,  H.  B.  218.  L. 

663 
Webb,  E.  216.    W. 

106 
Webber,  C.  427 
Webster,  J.  426 
Weddell,  C.  215 
Wedderbuni,  Hon. 

Mrs.  667.     F.  S. 

645 
Weight,  M.  553 
Wellesley,  Lady  E. 

334 
Wells,  E.  L.  646 
Wellwood,  C.  333 
Welsfurd,  441 
Welsh,  S.  109 
Welijee,  J.  C.  215 
Weriiiock,    M.   L. 

437 
Weston,  C.  445.  J. 

557.    J.  W.  106, 

444.     L.  536.  M. 

M.85 

Weiherall,  SirF.A. 
313 

Weiherell,N.C.445 
Wetberherd,  T.  103 
Weybridge,  104 
Weyer,  Van  de  84 
Weymouth,  C.  85 
Whallcy,  534.     E. 

553.   S.  553,  555 
Whately,  C.  534 
Wheailey,    L.    M. 

339 
Wheeler,    Lt.-Col. 

H.M.  83.  J.M. 

216 
Wheelwright,  8.  C. 

320 
Whichcote,  S.  303. 

Lady  S.  646 
Whitbread,  S.  553 
White,    Miss   427. 

A.  644.  C.  V.656. 

J.  84,  85.     J.  T. 

646.     L.   S.  A. 

551.  Maj.  M.  83. 

Sir  T.   W.  644. 

W.  666 
Whitfield,  H.J.486 
WhItHiore,      Lad/ 

556 


Index  to  Names.  (595 

Whititall,  C.  G.313        553.     M.  A.  314.  Witherington,     W.  Wriehtsori,  SOO 

Whiitaker,  R.  N.84        M.  S.  331.   R.  E.        F.  313  Wurtzburgh, Baron 

Whittam,  M.  442            66T,     W.  J.  313.  Withiiigton,  T.  E.  de3l3 

Whitlingbain,       C.         W.  M.  200                    330  WyatI,  A.  E.  85 

'219  Williamson,   C.    J.  Witiwer,  T.  N.  442  Wyborn,  R.  107 

Whittiiigton,  T.  J.        645.  H.  221.  Sir  Wodebouie.A.  646.  Wylde,        Lr..Col. 

t?02                                H.  312.     M.  332        E.  T.  426.  T.665  425.  R.  645.  Lf.- 

Wbitwell,  107  Willii,  W.  L.  331  Wollaston,    C.    B.  Col.  W.  83 

W  byte,  J.  329.     J.  Willshire,    Col.  T.        443  Wyllie,  A.  558 

R.  645                         *83  Wombwell,    C.  O.  Wyman,  J.  107 

W'ickbam,  G.  107.  WiUon,  E.  107.   G.        645  Wyii ford,  Lady  444 

J.    M.   314.     M.        108.     G.  St.    V.  Wood,    Lady    106.  Wynne,    Lady     A. 

218                               312.     J.  A.   199.        B.  200.     R.  326.  645 

Widdrington,  S.H.        J.J.  202.  R.  314.        W.  C.  P.  333  Wyihe,  Capt.  J.  F. 

534                                 R.  B.  20I.R.  C.  Woodcock  645  556 

Wigbtwick,  C.  534        103.   S.  331,645.  Woodd,  S.  330  Yarnell,  J.  441 

Wigram,  J.  313              T.  B.  H.  85  Woodbain,T.F.534  Yeatman,  J.  C.  T. 

Wilberfurce,  Arcb-  Wilton,  Mrs.  218  Woodmasi,  A.  553  554 

d'n3l3.    J.  84.  Windey,  N.  444  Woodruff,  M.C. 216  Yelloly,  S.  M.  218 

8.645  Windeyer,A.C.  330  Woodward,    G.    H.  Yellowley,    A.    M. 

Wiibraham,     lion.  Windsor,    Dean    of        85.     T.  426  646 

R.  B.  313                     313  WoolUy,  E.  3I4.G.  Yorke,  J.  557.     J. 

Wilde,  T.  200,  312  Winfield,  W.  S29            HO.     T.  332  C.  85 

W^iley,  W.  44 1  Wingfield,  G.  646.  Woolricb,  E.  P.  314  Youelf,  W.  D.  326 

Wilkinson,  A.  556.        Hon.  W.  313.  W.  Worlledge,  C  557  Young,   MaJ.    209. 

H.3'29.     R.  327.        W.  645  Woriley,   C.  84  J.  441.  J.  E.  646. 

T.  441,534  Winkwortb,  M.  A.  Worthington,  S.535  T.  556 

Wilks,  C.  J.  328            441  WranghtiD,    E.   C.  Youngmftn,  S.  919 

Willeit,  F.  550*.   J.  Winn,   A.  A.  443.        313  Yule,  Lt.  G.  W.  R. 

W.  105                        BAr.558,671  Wray,  G.  200.    J.  534.    Comm.  J. 

Williams,  •'>r)5.     D.  Winter,  C.  313               313  218 

85.     E.  656.    F.  Winterbottom,    A.  Wright,  C.  85.    F.  Zimmer,  J.  D.  668 

M.  536.     J.  313,        554  441.    H.  W.  200. 

426,  663.     K.  E.  Winton,  Mrs.  667  J.  665.     M.  312. 

A.  536.    M.  312,  Wise,  Capt.  C.  534        M.  535.     W.  427 


Errata. 

Page  439,  2d  col.  for  Bowes,  r«irf  Bower. 
P.  489,  line  1 7,  for  Carey,  read  Carr. 


LIST 


LIST  OF  EMBELLISHMENTS  TO  THE  VOLUME. 


*«*  Those  marked  thus  *  are  Vif^nettes,  printed  with  the  letter-press. 

Page 

View  of  the  Palace  of  Greenwich    21 

View  of  Shuttesbrooke  Church,  Berkshire 138 

*  Font  in  Shotteshrookc  Church,  Berkshire 130 

*  Gateway   of  Framlingham  Castle,  Suffolk 178 

*  Gateway  of  Wingfield  Castle,  Suffolk 179 

*  Effigy  of  the  Poet  Surrey  in  Framlingham  Church,  Suffolk 180 

View  of  Heme's  Oak,  Windsor  Little  Park 843 

*  Representation  of  an  Ancient  Gravestone  at  Bremhill,  Wilts ...S?? 

*  View  of  Stonehenge S79 

Representations  of  Military  Costume  temp.  Jac.  I • .••..  348 

*  The  old  Font  formerly  in  St.  George's  Church,  Southwark 367 

View  of  the  Churches  of  St.  Bartholomew  and  St.  Bene't  Fink,  London 461 

*  Representations  of  the  Bosses  of  a  ceiling  in  the  Black  Boy  Inn,  Chelmsford  469»  470 
View  of  the  Church  of  Hoo  St.  Werburga,  Kent • 577 

*  Representation  of  a  Carved  Gravestone  in  the  Church  of  Hoo 583 


END  OF  VOLUME  XHL 


London ;  J.  B.  Nichols  and  Son,  Printers,  25,  Parliament-street