THE UNIVERSITY
OF ILLINOIS
LIBRARY
HIM 1 -
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893
VOLUME XVI
THE GENUS BIDENS
PART II THE LIBRARY OF THE
OCT8-1937
~~7~ UNIVERSITY OF iLLiNOIS
BY
EARL EDWARD SHERFF
RESEARCH ASSOCIATE IN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY
B. E. DAHLGREN
CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
EDITOR
PUBLICATION 389
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
SEPTEMBER 21, 1937
Natural History
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893
VOLUME XVI
THE GENUS BIDENS
THE LIBRARY OF THE
QCT8-1937
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
BY
EARL EDWARD SHERFF
RESEARCH ASSOCIATE IN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY
B. E. DAHLGREN
CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
EDITOR
PUBLICATION 389
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
SEPTEMBER 21, 1937
FEINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
580,5
^
THE GENUS BIDENS
EARL EDWARD SHERFF
102. Bidens acuticaulis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 59: 301. 1915.
PI. CIV, figs. j-r.
Herba annua, tenerrima, 4-9 dm. alta; caule acute angulato,
^ramoso; ramis adscendentibus, acutissime angulatis et fere suba-
\_latis, remote pubescentibus. Folia petiolata petiolis 2-10 mm.
*j longis, petiolo adjecto 1-4 cm. longa, pinnata vel irregulariter bipin-
^.nata; foliolis (et lobis) linearibus, 0.5-1 mm. latis. Capitula multa,
terminalia, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 3-4 mm. alta et 2.5-3.5 mm.
lata (fructificantia demum 1-1.2 cm. alta et 4-5 mm. lata). Involu-
crum basi pubescens; bracteis exterioribus linearibus, plus minusve
pubescentibus, 3-4 mm. longis; interioribus lanceolatis, 1.5-3 mm.
longis. Flores ligulati circ. 4, parvi, subflavidi vel fere albi, 2-
(4-) striati, 3-5 mm. longi. Achaenia anguste linearia, subnigra,
plano-convexa, remotissime pubescentia, margine adscendenti-
ciliata, apice erecto-hispida et biaristata, corpore 6-12 mm. longa et
0.5-0.9 mm. lata, aristis retrorsum hamosis 1.5-2 mm. longis.
Type specimen : Collected by John Gossweiler, No. 4052, in herb-
grown woods, Kassuango-Kuiriri, Angola, April 4, 1906 (Brit.,
2 sheets).
Distribution: Known only from type locality, Kassuango-
Kuiriri, Angola.
Specimens examined: Gossweiler 4052 (type, Brit., 2 sheets).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CIV, figs, j-r
Bidens acuticaulis: j, flowering and fruiting lateral branch of
specimen, X0.68; k, separate leaf, Xl.02; I, portion of an extremely
sharp-angled branch, X3.4; ra, exterior involucral bract, X6.79;
n, interior involucral bract, X6.79; o, ray corolla, X6.79; p, palea,
X2.04; q, disc floret, X6.79; r, achene, X2.72; all from 2nd type
sheet
103. Bidens oligocarpa Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 92: 206. 1931.
PI. LXXXII, figs. j-l.
Herba annua, erecta, gracilis, 4-6 dm. alta, caule ramisque acriter
tetragonis et sparsissime hispidis. Folia petiolata petiolis tenuibus
347
1 056908
348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
ciliatis usque ad 1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-8 cm. longa,
pinnatim 3-5-partita; foliolis ovatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, valde
membranaceis, acriter serratis dentibus indurato-apiculatis, faciebus
sparsim minuteque adpresso-hispidis, marginibus ciliatis, terminali
usque ad 2 cm. lato et apice acuminate. Capitula pauca, ramos
(pedunculos) tenuissimos usque ad 8 cm. longos terminantia, radiata,
pansa ad anthesin circ. 1.2-1.6 cm. lata et 5-7 mm. alta. Involucri
subglabri bracteae exteriores 5-7, tenuissime iineares, hispido-
ciliatae, supra moderate dilatatae, apice acerrimae, 1.5-2.3 mm.
longae; interiores late lanceolatae vel oblongo-ovatae, apice pubes-
centes, 3-3.5 mm. longae. Flores ligulati 4-5, rosacei, ligula oblongi
vel anguste obovati, apice obtuso obsolete denticulati, 7-9 mm.
longi. Achaenia circ. 6-8, linearia, obcompresso-tetragona, omnino
circ. 8- (unica facie 2-) sulcata, atra, superne sensim angustata,
exalata, plus minusve erecto-hispida setis e faciebus ipsis vel e
papillis ortis, corpore 6-10.5 mm. longa et 0.7-0.9 mm. lata, apice
biaristata aristis retrorsum hamosis, 0.4-1 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by C. E. Lloyd, No. 409, State of Sonora,
Mexico, 1890 (Gray).
Distribution: State of Sonora, Mexico.
Specimens examined: Lloyd 409 (type, Gray).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXII, FIGS, j-l
Bidens oligocarpa: j, cauline leaf, X0.65; k (flowering), I (fruit-
ing), heads, X 0.65; all from type.
104. Bidens amphicarpa Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 88: 290. 1929.
PI. LXXXII, figs. a-i.
Herba annua, gracilis, ramosa, 1-6 dm. alta; caule quadrangulato
ac saepe purpurascenti, nunc pubescenti nunc glabrato. Folia
tenuiter petiolata petiolis usque ad 2 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto
usque ad 5 cm. longa, pinnatim 3-5-partita; foliolis valde mem-
branaceis, glabratis vel sparsim adpresso-hispidis, ciliatis et ple-
rumque minutissime atro-marginatis, unico latere grosse 1-4-serratis
dentibus acerrime apiculatis, lateralibus ovatis, terminali lanceo-
late vel fere lineari. Capitula in pedunculis tenuissimis usque ad
1 dm. longis ramos terminantibus disposita, radiata, pansa ad anthe-
sin tantum circ. 6-7 mm. alta et 8-10 mm. lata. Involucri brac-
teae exteriores 5-8, tenuiter Iineares, basi extrinsecus marginaliter-
que superne tantum marginaliter hispidae, apice acerrime mucro-
natae, demum circ. 4 mm. longae, bracteis interioribus lanceolatis
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate LXXXIX
BIDENS BIGELOVII Gray (figs, a-fc)
BIDENS BIPINNATA L. (figs, l-s)
THE GENUS BIDENS 349
atro-brunneis vel atro-purpurascentibus sed marginibus albido-
diaphanis apice ciliatis plerumque subaequales. Flores ligulati
circ. 5, ligula oblanceolati, 3-5 striis percursi, subflavidi vel sub-
rosacei, apice saepe 2- (3-) dentati, 5-6 mm. longi; tubulosi 8-14.
Achaenia exteriora subplana, unica facie circ. 4-sulcata, infra parce
supra valde erecto-setosa, badia vel rubro-straminea, corpore 5-8
mm. longa, interiora tereti-quadrangulata, omnino 8-sulcata, maxima
ex parte atra sed apice brunneo-straminea, erecto-setosa (interdum
valde perspicueque tuberculato-setosa), elongato-linearia et supra
saepe cervicem formantia, corpore demum 9-15 mm. longa; omnia
recta vel subrecta, 2-3-aristata aristis tenuibus retrorsum hamosis,
2.5-4 mm. longis, demum saepe caducis.
Type specimen: Collected by Townsend S. Brandegee, Sierra de
la Laguna, Lower California, January 23, 1899 (Calif.).
Distribution: Known only from Lower (Baja) California.
Specimens examined : Brandegee, Sierra de la Laguna, January 23,
1890 (type, Calif.); idem, Sierra de San Francisquito, March 28,
1892 (Field).
Differs from glabrous or subglabrous forms of the similarly
amphicarpous Bidens Anthriscoides DC. in the dissection and outline
of the leaflets, in its proportionately much longer external involucral
bracts,1 and in its straighter achenes. The general aspect is some-
what like that in stunted, slender forms of B. pilosa var. bimucronata
f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff, but the very narrow external bracts and the
dimensions of the flowering and fruiting heads (the latter with
fewer achenes) distinguish it from that form.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXII, FIGS, a-i
Bidens amphicarpa: a, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.65;
6, c, exterior involucral bracts, X5.22; d, interior involucral bract,
X5.22; e, ray corolla, X5.22;/, palea, X5.22; g, disc floret, X5.22;
h (outer but not outermost), i (inner), achenes, X2.61; all from type.
105. Bidens oligantha Brandegee, Zoe 5: 224. 1905.
PL LXXXIII, figs. a-h.
Herba erecta, annua, 2-3 dm. alta; caule parce puberulento,
simplici vel supra subramoso. Folia membranacea, breviter petiolata
petiolis 2-8 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto plerumque 1-3 cm. longa,
1 In B. Anthriscoides DC. the outer bracts are only about one-half or three-
fifths the length of the inner ones, notwithstanding DeCandolle's original descrip-
tion ("invol. squamis. . .inter se subaequalibus": Prodr. 5: 601. 1836).
350 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
lamina glabrata, trifida vel tripartita; foliolo terminal! lineari-
lanceolato, acuminate, plus minusve serrato, 1.5-2 cm. longo, latera-
libus ovato-acuminatis, serratis vel inciso-serratis, 5-8 mm. longis.
Capitula pauca, tenuissime pedunculata pedunculis 6-10 cm. longis,
radiata, pauciflora (floribus tubulosis circ. 6-12), pansa ad anthesin
± 5 mm. lata et ± 4 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores ± 5,
lineares, perspicue ciliatae, apice acres, circ. 3 mm. longae, inte-
rioribus ovato-lanceolatis late diaphano-marginatis interdum fere
aequales. Flores ligulati circ. 4-5, albidi vel subrosacei, purpureo-
striati, circ. 3 mm. longi, triangulato-obovati. Achaenia pauca,
recurvata, tenuiter linearia, subplana, nigra, glabra vel ad angulos
valde tuberculato-hispida, biaristata (vel interdum exaristata ex
Brandeg.), aristis (retrorsum hamosis hamis perpaucis vel demum
calvis) circ. 1 mm. longis; pauca crassiuscula supra et corpore circ.
5 mm. longa, reliqua attenuata supra (et plerumque corpore 7-10
mm. longa! Brandeg. 5 mm. dixit inaccurate!).
Type specimen: Collected by Townsend S. Brandegee at Cofra-
dia (vicinity of Culiacan), State of Sinaloa, Mexico, October 21,
1904 (Calif.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in the State of
Sinaloa, Mexico.
Specimens examined :Brandegee, Cofradia, October 21, 1904 (type,
Calif.: cotypes, Field; Gray).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXIII, FIGS, d-k
Bidens oligantha: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.68;
6, exterior involucral bract, X4.77; c, interior involucral bract,
X4.77; d, ray corolla, X4.77; e, palea, X4.77; /, disc floret, X4.77;
g (outer), h (inner), achenes, X2.72; all from cotype, in Hb. Gray.
106. Bidens Andrei Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 61: 495. 1916.
PI. LXXXIV, figs. k-s.
Herba (ad basim suffrutescens?), 1-2 m. alta, glabrata, caule
tetragono et striato; ramis tetragonis, striatis, (superioribus) irregu-
lariter arcuatis et in nonnullos ramulos (vel pedunculos) divisis.
Folia petiolata petiolis 0.3-2 cm. longis basi connatis, petiolo adjecto
2.5-7 cm. longa, bi- vel tri-(vel quadri-) pinnata, supra minute et
non dense adpresso-hispida; ultimis segmentis linearibus, integris
vel lobulatis, indurato-apiculatis. Capitula multa, tenuiter pedun-
culata pedunculis 4-12 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin tan-
turn 5-6.5 mm. lata et circ. 4 mm. alta, demum (in fructu) usque ad
1 cm. alta. Involucrum basi plus minusve hispidum, bracteis demum
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany. Vol. XVI, Plate XC
a b d
BIDENS LEPTOCEPHALA Sherfl
THE GENUS BIDENS 351
valde et perspicue reflexis; exterioribus (circ. 6) linearibus, apicu-
latis, subsparsim pubescentibus, tantum 1-2 mm. longis; interioribus
lanceolatis, membranaceis, 2-3 mm. longis, margine diaphanis.
Flores ligulati (6 vel pauciores) ligula lanceolati, 4-5-striati, apice
integri, 3-4 mm. longi, in specimine sicco subalbi. Achaenia tenuis-
sime attenuato-linearia, tetragona, ad apicem brunnea, alibi atra,
supra sparsim erecto-hispida, corpore 0.5-1 cm. longa et tantum
0.3-0.6 mm. lata, biaristata aristis glabris vel retrorsum hamosis,
usque ad 1.6 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Edouard Francois Andre, No. 2878,
at altitude of 1,250 meters, Rio Juanambu, Colombia, April 28,
1876 (Gray).
Distribution: Known only from type locality, Rio Juanambu,
Colombia.
Specimens examined: Andre 2878 (type, Gray: cotype, Kew).
The type specimen was restudied in 1922 and again in 1925.
The 20-30 areolae on the old disks become prominent as the invo-
lucres reflex. There are 37 heads on the type. The plant appears to
be entirely herbaceous, but the label says "suffrutesc.," hence the
lower part of the plant (not present on the sheet) may have been
woody. The species stands very close to B. pilosa var. alausensis f .
scandicina (H.B.K.) Sherff, from which it appears to differ in its
taller stature, more acutely tetragonal stems, longer internodes,
finally much reflexed involucres, and, most of all, its very minute
flowering heads, these measuring only about 4 mm. high and equally
wide.1
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXIV, FIGS. k-S
Bidens Andrei: k, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.65; I,
top of peduncle showing areolate receptacle and involucre reflexed
in age, X9.16; m, portion of leaf showing pubescence, X5.23; n,
exterior involucral bract, X5.23; o, interior involucral bract, X5.23;
p, ray corolla, X5.23; q, palea, X5.23; r, disc floret, X5.23; s, achene,
X3.92; all from type.
107. Bidens Anthriscoides DC. Prodr. 5: 600. 1836; cf. Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 61: 497. 1916. PI. LXXXIII, figs. i-q.
Folia tripartite B. Anthriscoides sensu stricto.
Folia bipinnata var. /3. decomposita.
1 It may be observed that in the somewhat comparable case of B. ramosissima
Sherff the finally reflexed involucres and the minute size of the flowering heads
were later concluded to be only subformal variations of B. pilosa var. bimucronata
f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff.
352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Annua, erecta vel suberecta, ramosa, tota dense pubescenti-
hirta vel etiam glabriuscula, 3-5 dm. alta; caule ramisque acriter
tetragonis. Folia tenuiter petiolata petiolis 0.5-3 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto 3.5-9 cm. longa, membranacea, ciliata, tripartita, infimorum
foliolis lateralibus ovatis acutis subaequalibus medio vix dissimi-
libus, mediorum superiorumque foliolis lateralibus ovatis medio
duplo longiore petiolulato lanceolato utrinque attenuate, omnibus
serratis. Capitula ramulos terminantia, radiata, pansa ad anthesin
8-11 mm. lata et 5-9 mm. alta, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis
1-8 cm. longis. Involucrum tomentosulum vel breviter hispidulum;
bracteis exterioribus 6-8, adpressis vel subsquarrosis, linearibus,
apice acerrime indurato-mucronulatis, tantum 1.5-3 mm. longis et
non interiores lanceolatas subaequantibus (DeCandolleus invol. squa-
mis disco et inter se subaequalibus dixit per errorem!); interiori-
bus 4-5 mm. longis. Flores ligulati 3 vel 4, parvi, ligula obovato-
elliptici, leviter vel valde rosacei (exsiccati saepe subflavidi), apice
truncate vel emarginato obtuse (saepius tri-) dentati, circ. 5 mm.
longi. Achaenia pauca, 3-12 in unico capitulo; exteriora linearia
vel lineari-fusiformia, valde obcompressa, flavido-brunnea vel rufo-
badia, conspicue tuberculato-setulosa, corpore 6-7 mm. longa;
interiora tenuissime elongato-linearia, supra attenuata sed non vero
rostrata, subrecta vel saepius recurvata, atra, plus minusve tetra-
gona, tuberculis saepe flavidis tuberculato-setulosa vel saepe una
facie glabrata, corpore 9-21 mm. longa; omnia superne demum late
distantia, apice breviter biaristata; aristis stramineis, retrorsum
hamosis, 0.2-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Jean Luis Berlandier, No. 1010,
Cordillera de Guchilaque (near Cuernavaca, State of Morelos),
Mexico, October, 1827 (Del.).1
Distribution: Southwestern Mexico.
Specimens examined: Berlandier 1010 (type, Del., 3 sheets:
cotypes, Brit.; Flor.; Par.); idem 1152, Cordillera de Guchilaque,
Mexico, October, 1827 (Del., 2 sheets; Flor., aristis saepe brevibus
vel obsoletis; Par.); C. G. Pringle 11822 pro parte, ravine near
Guadalajara, Jalisco, October 17, 1903 (Field).
As stated before (Sherff, loc. cit.), examination of cotype material
in London (Brit.) and Paris (Par.) shows the species to have radiate
heads, not discoid as described by DeCandolle, exterior involucral
bracts much shorter than the interior, not subequal, and some of the
1 No. 1010 is the first cited specimen and hence may pass as the type. De
Candolle founded the species upon Berlandier 's Nos. 1010 and 1152, both from
the same locality. The specimens are identical.
THE GENUS BIDENS 353
achenes reaching a total length of 2.1 cm. The type and cotype
specimens are of the very pubescent form and have tripartite leaves.
Bidens Anthriscoides var. 0. decomposita Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 80: 380. 1925.
A specie foliis bipinnatis (segmentis ultimis oblongo-ovatis, cal-
loso-apiculatis) differt.
Type specimen: Collected by Cyrus Guernsey Pringle, No. 11822
pro parte, ravine (barranca) near Guadalajara, State of Jalisco,
Mexico, October 17, 1903 (Kew).
Distribution: Known only from type locality, near Guadalajara,
State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Specimens examined : Pringle 11822 pro parte (type, Kew: cotypes,
Berl.; Gray; U.S.).
Pringle 11822 in the Herbarium of Field Museum has the leaves
tripartite and matches the type material of B. Anthriscoides DC.
(Berlandier 1010, Del.; Brit.; Par.) fairly well except in being gla-
brate. Elsewhere, the specimens of Pringle 11822 are seen to have
delicately bipinnate leaves, similar to those of B. pilosa var. bimu-
cronata f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff. Through this form, apparently best
regarded as a variety, B. Anthriscoides DC. is found to be rather
closely related to a form (the B. inermis Wats.) of B. pilosa var.
bimucronata f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff.1
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXIII, FIGS, i-q
Bidens Anthriscoides: i (lower), j (upper), portions of flowering
and fruiting specimen, X0.68; k, exterior involucral bract, X4.77;
/, interior involucral bract, X4.77; ra, ray floret, X4.77; n, palea,
X4.77; o, disc floret, X4.77; p (outer), q (inner), achenes, X2.72;
all from Berlandier 1010 (type collection) — i, j, mainly from sheet in
Hb. Brit., but partly from sheets in Hb. Par.; k, I, n-q, from sheet
in Hb. Brit.; ra, from sheet in Hb. Par.
108. Bidens Chrysanthemifolia (H.B.K.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
61:501.1916. PI. LXXXV.
Cosmos Chrysanthemifolius H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 188 (239)
and pi. 382. 1820.
Cosmea Chrysanthemifolia (H.B.K.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 3: 615.
1826.
Cosmos Chrysanthemoides H.B.K. ex DC. Prodr. 5: 607. 1836.
1 The var. decomposita is not to be confused with the var. angustiloba DC., a
plant referable to B. duranginensis Sherff (q.v.).
354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Cosmea Chrysanthemoides H.B.K. ex Heynhold, Nomencl. 222. 1840.
Bidens Kunthii Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 308.
1852-1857.
Bidens parvulifolia Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 56: 490. 1913.
Herba ut videtur interdum perennis, breviter et dense pilosa vel
maxima ex parte glabrata; caule subsimplici, adscendenti vel plus
minusve repenti, tetragono, 1.5-4 dm. longo. Folia petiolata
petiolis ciliatis pilosiusculisque 4-13 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto
1-2.5 cm. longa, variabilia; mine pinnato-quinquepartita, circumam-
bitu ovato-triangularia, foliolis oppositis, duobus inferioribus tri- vel
quinquefidis, tribus superioribus trifidis, segmentis obovato-
cuneatis et quibusdam apice bi- vel trilobis lobis acutis; nunc etiam
fere omnia indivisa, ovata, acuta vel subacuminata, serrata. Capi-
tula terminalia, solitaria vel subsolitaria, longe tenuiterque pedun-
culata pedunculis 5-17 cm. longis et plerumque glaberrimis, erecta,
radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2-3.3 cm. lata et circ. 6-8 mm. alta.
Involucrum basi hispidum vel omnino glabrum; bracteis exterioribus
7 vel 8, linearibus vel superne saepe subdilatatis, saepe subcarnosis,
apice plerumque obtusis, margine costaque mediana raro paucis
pilis instructis, 2.5-3.5 mm. longis; interioribus lanceolatis, 5-6 mm.
longis. Flores ligulati 5-8, rosacei (vel in speciminibus exsiccatis
saepe subflavidis), ligula oblongo-elliptici vel oblanceolati, apice
obsolete denticulati, 1-1.5 cm. longi. Achaenia linearia et inferne
subattenuata, obcompresso-tetragona, glabra, nigra, corpore 4.5-7
mm. longa, biaristata; aristis aurantiaco-flavidis, tenuibus, supra
retrorsum hamosis, 1.2-1.8 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Alexander Humboldt and Aime
Bonpland, 1799-1804, the locality uncertain; thought by Kunth to
have come perhaps from Mexico, but it is known at present only
from Guatemala (Par.).
Distribution: Known only from Department of Amatitlan,
Guatemala.
Specimens examined: Heyde & Lux 6162, alt. 900 meters, Frai-
janes, September, 1893 (Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Field; Kew; U.S.; nom.
vernac., mosote); iidem 6163, Guatemala (Field, type of Bidens
parvulifolia Sherff) ; iidem 6173, alt. 900 meters, Fraijanes, September,
1893 (Berl.; Brit.; Boiss.; Field; Kew); Humboldt & Bonpland, loco
ignoto (type, Par.); W. A. Kellerman 6112, alt. 2,490 meters, crater
of Volcan de Pacaya, January 6, 1907 (Field) ; Scherzer, alt. 2,700-
3,300 meters, Volcan de Pacaya, August, 1854 (Mus. V., sub nom.
Bidente pacayae Schz. Bip.).
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCI
BIDENS ENGLERI O. E. Schulz (figs, a-/)
BIDENS CYLINDRICA Sherff (figs, g-l)
OF 'THE
THE GENUS BIDENS 355
This species was stated definitely by DeCandolle (loc. cit.) to
come from Mexico, but Kunth (H.B.K. loc. cit.) was uncertain as to
its native country. It is known definitely only from Guatemala.
DeCandolle commented upon the closer affinity of the achenes with
those of Bidens than with those of Cosmos. Whether he altered the
specific name through intent or through error, I am unable to say.1
But later, Schultz Bipontinus (Seemann, loc. cit.), who frankly
declared his belief that Cosmos was not a valid genus, used this
altered name in citing it as a basis for his Bidens Kunthii, which
latter name, according to the International Rules, cannot stand.
Asa Gray (Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 16. 1884) strongly suspected
that this plant was merely Bidens humilis H.B.K. and suggested a
reexamination of the type material. Kunth (H.B.K. loc. cit.) had
described the color of the ligules as "violacea, basim versus sulphurea."
This description is borne out, not only by the coloring in the plate
cited (that is, in copies of Kunth's work having the plates colored,
as in John Crerar Library, Chicago), but by the type specimen in
Paris, clearly the one from which the plate was made. This speci-
men, though faded as to its rays, shows at least that the proximal
ends of the rays were colored differently from the remaining portions,
which latter seem surely to have been some shade of red.
More recently, there has been collected in the Department of
Amatitlan, Guatemala, fine material, Heyde & Lux 6173, which
belongs here. Singularly enough, it had been determined by John
Donnell Smith as Bidens humilis (cf. Gray, loc. cit.), but the roseate
rays and more or less Cosmos-like aspect are very distinct. The color
of the rays in the dry condition varies from a pronounced roseate
to a faded yellowish color, rather than showing a distinct sulphureous
color definitely located toward the base as described by Kunth.
Still further material from the same small district in Guatemala,
W. A. Kellerman 6112, has been collected and fortunately is in a
more mature condition. The ripe achenes match the ovary figured
by Kunth and show that there is not the slightest tendency to
become rostrate as in most species of Cosmos.
An examination of the original description of Bidens parvulifolia
(Sherff, loc. cit.) shows that the second cited specimen, Heyde &
1 In his Prodromus Herbarium DeCandolle had mistaken a single large speci-
men of Bidens pilosa var. bimucronata f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff for this species. The
original label had said "Bidens Cavanilles" and from the peculiar fades of the
plant, the writing, etc., it is clearly one of the original specimens of Bidens odorata
Cav. that had been sent out by Cavanilles. On the cover, DeCandolle originally
had written "B. Chrysanthemoides? H.B.K." but later had changed the "B." to
"C."
356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Lux 6162, seen in the United States National Herbarium, was
obtained by the same collectors at the same altitude, locality, and
time as Heyde & Lux 6173. The dried ligules were yellowish,
the leaves were pubescent, and all but the top pair were simple.
Since then I have found other specimens (Heyde & Lux 6162) show-
ing numerous intergradations between the simple, pubescent leaves
and the compound, mainly glabrous leaves; also, variations to a
roseate color are shown in the rays. Thus Bidens parvulifolia,
incredible as it may seem to any botanist who does not have at hand
the intermediate specimens, must be interpreted as merely a form
of Bidens Chrysanthemifolia having minute, mainly undivided leaves.
B. Chrysanthemifolia offers a perplexing approach to B. pilosa
var. bimucronata f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff. It seems significant,
however, that among the large number of specimens of the rather
widely distributed f. odorata examined from elsewhere than in the
Department of Amatitlan, Guatemala, none have been found to
present the gradations from glabrous, decompound to pubescent,
undivided leaves that B. Chrysanthemifolia presents.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXV
Bidens Chrysanthemifolia: a, c, flowering branches, X0.61; b,
leaf and portion of adjacent stem enlarged to show pubescence,
Xl.22; d-i, various pinnate or bipinnatisect cauline leaves, X0.61;
j, exterior involucral bract, X4.89; k, interior involucral bract,
X4.89; /, ray corolla, X4.89; m, palea, X4.89; n, disc floret, X4.89;
o (outer), p (inner), achenes, X2.4; a, b, from Heyde & Lux 6163
(type of Bidens parvulifolia Sherff), in Hb. Field; c, j-p, from Heyde
& Lux 6162, in Hb. U.S.; d-h, various cauline leaves from Heyde
& Lux 6173, in Hb. Kew; i, cauline leaf from type.
109. Bidens mollifolia Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 21. 1917.
PI. LXXXVI.
Herba annua, 1.2-1.8 m. alta (ex inscriptione Pringlei) ; caule et
ramis plus minusve acute tetragonis, subviridibus vel purpurascenti-
bus, dense tomentosis (vel supra etiam fere glabris) ; ramis ad finem
liberum in aliquot ramulos vel pedunculos divisis, ut quaeque planta
30-60 capitula habeat. Folia petiolata petiolis dense tomentosis
basi connatis 0.3-2.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2-9 cm. longa,
ternata vel pinnata, dense et molliter pilosiuscula vel tomentosula,
infra pallidiora; foliolis (3-7) ovatis vel lanceolatis, serratis, laterali-
bus (infimis interdum ternatis) 1-3.5 cm. longis et 0.5-2 cm. latis,
terminali 1.8-5 cm. longo et 0.7-2.3 cm. lato. Capitula breviter
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCII
BIDENS PSEUDALAUSENSIS Sherff (figs, a-g)
BIDENS CORNUTA Sherff (figs, h-n)
Of
Of
THE GENUS BIDENS 357
pedunculata pedunculis 0.5-3 cm. longis, radiata, 5-7 mm. alta et
ad anthesin ligulis adjectis (etiam cum achaeniis) 1.5-2 cm. lata.
Involucrum basi hispidum, bracteis exterioribus 6-8, linearibus,
ad apicem obtusis, sparsim hispidis et plus minusve ciliatis, 2-3 mm.
longis; interioribus lanceolatis, maxima ex parte glabris, 3-5 mm.
longis. Flores ligulati circ. 5, ligula obovati vel oblanceolati, rosacei,
3-7-striati, apice 2-4-lobulati lobulis subrotundis, 0.8-1 cm. longi.
Paleae lineares demum 5-7 mm. longae, terminis tortis achaenia
demum superantes. Achaenia subtetragona, clavae simillima, infra
angustiora, apice calva et areolata, atra, glabra, 3-6.5 mm. longa.
Type specimen : Collected by Cyrus Guernsey Pringle, No. 6050,
at altitude of 2,250 meters, Sierra de San Felipe, State of Oaxaca,
Mexico, November 16, 1894 (Gray).
Distribution: Known only from State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Specimens examined: E. W. Nelson 1176 pro parte, alt. 2,850-
3,300 meters, vicinity of Sierra de San Felipe (Cerro San Felipe),
September 1, 1894 (U.S.); idem 1363, alt. 2,250-2,850 meters, 18
miles southwest of City of Oaxaca, September 10-20, 1894 (Gray) ;
idem 1476 pro parte, alt. 1,650-2,250 meters, Valley of Oaxaca,
September 20, 1894 (Gray); Pringle 6050 (type, Gray: cotypes,
Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Cam.; Del.; Field; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V.;
N.Y.;Par.;Phila.;U.V., etc.).
A species of highly restricted distribution. It appears most closely
related to Bidens pilosa var. calcicola, which at times offers a strong
resemblance. The clavate achenes of B. mollifolia, however, seem
very distinctive.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXVI
Bidens mollifolia: a (upper), b (lower), portions of flowering and
fruiting specimen, X0.55; c, small portion of same enlarged to show
pubescence, Xl.66; d, exterior involucral bract, X3.32; e, interior
involucral bract, X3.32; /, ray corolla, X3.32; g, palea, X3.32; h,
disc floret,. X3.32; i, achene, X3.32; all from type.
110. Bidens Abadiae DC. Prodr. 5: 601. 1836.
PI. LXXXVII, figs, a, c-i.
Folia bipinnatisecta B. Abadiae sensu stricto.
Folia pinnatim 3-5-partita var. /3. pilosoides.
Herba annua, erecta, ramosa, pilis albidis plus minusve villoso-
hirsuta, caule tetragona, probabiliter 4-9 dm. alta, internodiis
elongatis quam foliis multo longioribus. Folia petiolata petiolis 1-4
358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 7-15 cm. longa, circumambitu late tri-
angulata, bipinnatisecta; segmentis principalibus 2-3 jugis, mem-
branaceis, anguste oblongo-ovatis, grosse inciso-dentatis terminali
trilobo basi cuneato, infra (exsiccatis) multo pallidioribus, dentibus
obtusis abrupte mucronatis. Capitula non numerosa, pedunculata
pedunculis ± 2-4 cm. longis, breviter radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ.
1.5 cm. lata et 6-9 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae glabrae vel villoso-
hirsutae, subaequales, 5-7 mm. longae; exteriores moderatim lineares,
supra dilatatae, apice acriter apiculatae; interiores lanceolatae vel
ovato-lanceolatae. Flores ligulati 4-6, pro capitulo parvi, exsiccati
albi, ligula ovati, circ. 5-7-striati, 6-8 mm. longi. Achaenia linearia,
subtetragona, atra, omnino circ. 8-sulcata, supra marginibus et
costis medianis adrecte setosa, corpore 4.6-6 mm. longa et 0.5-1 mm.
lata, 2- vel 3-aristata aristis brunneo-stramineis retrorsum hamosis
plerumque 1.5-2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Abadia around Lima, Peru, in 1833
(Del.).
Distribution: Vicinity of Lima, Peru; also in Ecuador and
Colombia.
Specimens examined: Abadia, Lima, Peru, 1833 (type, Del.);
Bro. Ariste-Joseph A832, Choaclu, above Bogota, Colombia, July
(U.S. ; forma internodiis longissimis) ; Alexander Mathews 738, Lima
(Kew); A. Mille 387, in cultivated places, Cotocollso, Ecuador,
February, 1922 (U.S.) ; Luis Mille 486, in cultivated places, June,
1904 (U.S.; forma); ex herb. Pavonii, Lima and Chancay, Peru
(Boiss.; Flor.).
Bidens Abadiae DC. was founded upon a specimen collected at
Lima, Peru, in 1833. The leaves of the type are bipinnatisect, and
the general aspect of the foliage is comparable with that of B. pilosa
var. bimucronata f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff. In the Boissier Herbarium
is the plant from the Pa von Herbarium, and collected at Lima or in its
vicinity, a plant matching the type very closely in its bipinnatisect
foliage. The technical characters of both the old and young heads
on these plants are very similar to those often met with in B. pilosa
L. The general habit is so distinct, however, that to equate B.
Abadiae and B. pilosa would seem unjustifiable.
Bidens Abadiae var. ft. pilosoides Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 40. 1926.
PI. LXXXVII, fig. 6.
A specie foliis pinnatim 3-5-partitis foliolis ovatis vel terminali
lanceolate omnibus serratis vel incisis apice obtusis vel acutis capi-
tulis plerumque eradiatis diversa; habitu B. pilosae adpropinquans.
THE GENUS BIDENS 359
Type specimen: Collected by Hugh Cuming, No. 1041, Lima,
Peru, in 1831 (Kew, 2 sheets).
Distribution: Peru.
Specimens examined: Cuming 1041 (type, Kew, 2 sheets);
W. Nation, cultivated places, Lima, 1862 (Kew); ex herb. Pavonii
ex Peru (Webb) ; Dr. & Mrs. J. N. Rose 18740 p. p., Santa Clara,
July 18, 1914 (N.Y.).
In the Webb Herbarium at Florence is the additional specimen
(just cited) from the Pavon Herbarium, and collected in Peru. This
has the leaves merely tripartite, with the terminal lobe subtripartite.
The specimens by Cuming and by Nation, all from Lima, likewise
differ from the DeCandolle type of B. Abadiae in having leaves
only once-divided. One of the Cuming specimens has leaves ap-
proaching those of the related B. pilosa var. alausensis (H.B.K.)
Sherff. Since the difference between the simply pinnate and the bi-
pinnatisect types of foliage appears here to be emphatic, as in the
varieties of B. pilosa, I have given the name pilosoides to the variety
having 3-5-partite leaves.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXVII
Bidens Abadiae, figs, a, c-i: a, flowering and fruiting specimen,
X0.52; c, portion of leaf enlarged to show pubescence, X3.14; d,
exterior involucral bract, X3.14; e, interior involucral bract, X3.14;
/, ray corolla, X3.14; g, palea, X3.14; h, disc floret, X3.14; i, achene,
X3.14; all from hb. Pavdn, Lima and Chancay, Peru, in Hb. Boiss.
Bidens Abadiae var. pilosoides, fig. b: cauline leaf, X3.14; from
W. Nation, Lima, Peru, 1862, in Hb. Kew.
111. Bidens Brandegeei Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 38. 1917.
PL LXXXVIII, figs. a-k.
Herba annua, erecta (nisi infra plus minusve arcuata), 3-5 dm.
alta, maxima ex parte albido-hispida, caule quadrangulato striato,
ramis tenuibus rursus ramosis. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.2-2.5 cm.
longis, petiolo adjecto 1-8 cm. longa, pinnata vel bipinnata, supra
minus albido-hispida; foliolis 3-5, ovatis (vel ovato-lanceolatis)
serratisque et iis Bidentis pilosae L. similibus vel pinnato-partitis,
lobulis vel dentibus indurato-apiculatis. Capitula pauca, terminalia,
radiata, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis monocephalicis et 3-8 cm.
longis. Involucri bracteae subaequales, exteriores (circ. 8) lineares,
1-nervatae, apiculatae, albido-ciliatae et -hispidae, 4-5 mm. longae;
interiores lanceolatae, membranaceae, glabratae vel pubescentes,
360 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
margine diaphanae. Flores ligulati circ. 5, ligula obovati, in speci-
mine sicco albido-flavi, 7-9-striati, ad apicem obscure dentati, 1-1.3
cm. longi. Achaenia (submatura) attenuato-linearia, striata, exari-
stata, supra antrorsum hispida, 4-6 mm. longa.
Type specimen : Collected by Townsend S. Brandegee, in vicinity
of San Luis Tultitlanapa, State of Puebla, near the Oaxaca boundary
line, Mexico, 1908 (Calif., 2 sheets).
Distribution: Known only from type locality, vicinity of San
Luis Tultitlanapa, State of Puebla (near Oaxaca boundary line),
Mexico.
Specimens examined : Brandegee, vicinity of San Luis Tul-
titlanapa, 1908 (Calif., first type sheet); idem, eodem loco, July, 1908
(Calif., second type sheet); C. A. Purpus 4429, eodem loco, August,
1908 (Calif.).
The first type sheet bears two fine specimens, the larger one
having its leaves bipinnately divided. The specimens on the second
type sheet have the leaves mainly 3-5-partite, as in B. pilosa. The
achenes suggest those of B. pilosa var. bimucronata. The ray florets
suggest the ray florets of B. pilosa var. radiata. The combination
of achenial and radial characters with the strange general aspect
(especially in the case of the first specimen, with its bipinnate and
particularly white-hispid foliage) is one that I have never observed
in authentic material of B. pilosa. It seems best, therefore, to retain
B. Brandegeei as a separate species.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXVIII, FIGS, a-k
Bidens Brandegeei: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.57;
6, c, more compound cauline leaves than in a, X0.57; d, small part
of plant enlarged to show pubescence, Xl.7; e, exterior involucral
bract, X4.54; /, interior involucral bract, X4.54; g, ray corolla,
X2.27; h, palea, X4.54; i, /, disc florets, X4.54; k, achene, X4.54;
a, e-k, from left-hand specimen on 2nd type sheet; b, from right-
hand specimen on 2nd type sheet; c, d, from left-hand specimen on
1st type sheet.
112. Bidens aequisquama (Fern.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
64: 26. 1917. PI. CIX, figs. k-t.
Bidens rosea var. aequisquama Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 68. 1907.
Herba ± 5 dm. alta; caule ramisque pubescentibus vel sub-
glabris, quadrangularibus, striatis. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.4-1.8
cm. longis hispidis ad basim connatis, petiolo adjecto 3-8.5 cm.
THE GENUS BIDENS 361
longa, indivisa vel tripartita, ciliata, supra subglabra, infra sparsim
adpresso-hispida et pallidiora; indivisa lanceolata, subcrasse ser-
rata; foliolis foliorum tripartitorum similiter serratis, terminali
ovato vel lanceolate, lateralibus ovatis et subsessilibus et minoribus.
Capitula terminalia, radiata, pedunculata pedunculis 1-6 cm. longis
et ad apicem creberrime albido-pubescentibus. Involucrum basi
hispidum; bracteis exterioribus 9-16, linearibus, hispidis, 2-4 mm.
longis; interioribus subaequalibus, lanceolatis, glabris vel ad apicem
et longitudinaliter medio hispidis, margine diaphanis. Flores
ligulati circ. 8, rosei, striati, apice irregulariter 2-4-dentati, saepius
9-11 mm. longi et 6-8 mm. lati. Achaenia nigra, linearia, ad apicem
plus minusve hispida, biaristata, corpore 4.5-7 mm. longa, aristis
flavis retrorsum hamosis 2.5-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Cyrus Guernsey Pringle, No. 10109,
in thickets at altitude of 1,500 meters, near Uruapan, Michoacan,
Mexico, November 1, 1905 (Gray).
Distribution: Michoacan, Mexico.
Specimens examined: Bro. G. Arsene, alt. 2,100 meters, Quinceo,
near Morelia, 1910 (Field, 3 sheets); idem 3198, alt. 2,800 meters,
Quinceo, November 11, 1909 (Berl.; Gray; Mo.); idem 5797, eodem
loco, 1910 (Gray; Mo. ; N.Y. ; U.S.) ; idem 6774, Dos Teteras, alt. 2,500
meters, vicinity of Morelia, October 26, 1911 (Mo.; U.S.); C. G.
Pringle 10109 (type, Gray: cotypes, Berl.; Brit.; Boiss.; Cop.; Del.;
Field; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V.; Phila.); idem 13420, Farascon,
October 11, 1904 (U.S.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CIX, FIGS, k-t
Bidens aequisquama: k, I, flowering and fruiting specimens,
X0.62; m, separate leaf, X0.62; n, lower surface of portion of leaf
showing pubescence, Xl.24; o, exterior involucral bract, X3.71; p,
interior involucral bract, X3.71; q, ray corolla, X3.71; r, palea,
X3.71; s, disc floret, X3.71; t, achene, X3.71; all from cotype, in
Hb. Field.
113. Bidens Bigelovii A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound.
91. 1858. PI. LXXXIX, figs. a-k.
Planta austro-mexicana var. /3. pueblensis.
Planta a Sonora borealiter distributa. . .B. Bigelovii sensu stricto.
Herba annua, erecta, fere glabra, 4-10 dm. alta; caule tetragono,
gracili, ramoso. Folia petiolata petiolis 1-2.5 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto usque ad 8 cm. longa, tripartita, segmentis 3-5-partitis,
362 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
lobis oblongis vel cuneatis et paucius pinnatifido-incisis dentibus
mucronatis, membranaceis, plus minusve ciliatis. Capitula sub-
solitaria, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis usque ad 15 cm. longis,
discoidea vel subradiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 6-9 mm. lata et
aequaliter alta. Involucrum basi hispidum; bracteis exterioribus
6-9, linearibus, tergo glabratis, margine ciliatis, termino acriter
apiculatis, 5-7.5 mm. longis; interioribus lanceolatis, saepe brevi-
oribus. Flores ligulati deficientes vel 3-5, albidi, ligula oblongo-
obovati, 5-7 mm. longi. Achaenia subtetragona, dimorpha; 1-4
exteriora lineari-cuneata, truncata, papilloso-hispidula et scaberrima,
saepe rufo-badia, corpore circ. 5-7 mm. longa, apice nunc obsolete
aristata nunc manifeste 2-3-aristata aristis retrorsum hamosis et
usque ad 1.5 mm. longis; cetera anguste linearia, atra, infra glabrata
supra plerumque erecto-hispida, corpore 8-12 mm. longa, apice 2-3-
aristata aristis retrorsum hamosis 1.5-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by John Milton Bigelow, No. "582(6),"
on banks of Limpio Creek (Rio Limpio), Texas, July 19, 1852 (Gray).
Distribution: Northern Colorado to southern New Mexico and
southern Arizona, also reaching slightly into northern Sonora,
Mexico.
Specimens examined : Bigelow, banks of Limpio Creek, etc.
(type, Gray: cotype, N.Y.);1 idem, mountain arroyo, Rock Creek,
Texas, July (Gray; ab A. Grayo pro varietate innominata, achaeniis
triaristatis exterioribus longioribus habitum); J. C. Blumer 1486,
alt. 1,650 meters, Miss Rhoda Riggs' Ranch, along creek, Chiricahua
Mts., Arizona, October 22, 1906 (Field; Gray); idem 1711, alt. 1,590
meters, in shade, on sandy alluvium, near Cedar Gulch, Paradise,
Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September 21, 1907 (Berl.; Gray; Kew;
Mo., ubi B. leptocephalae adpropinquans; Mus. V.; U.S.); idem 2211,
alt. 1,590 meters, Paradise, Arizona, October 3, 1907 (Gray; N.Y.) ;
F. E. & E. S. Clements 64, alt. 2,200 meters, Engelmann Canyon,
Colorado, August 24, 1901 (Berl.; Del., 2 sheets; Mo.; N.Y.); C. S.
Crandall 2724, Ute Pass, Colorado, August 25, 1897 (Berl.; N.Y.;
Par.); W. W. Eggleston 17416, alt. 1,500 meters, Fort Davis, Texas,
September 19, 1920 (N.Y.; U.S.); George Engelmann, St. Louis,
Missouri, May, 1848 (cult, e seminibus ad Santa Fe, New Mexico,
lectis; Mo.); J. G. Lemmon, Apache Pass, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona,
September, 1881 (Mo.; alibi est B. leptocephala) ; idem 2771, near
1 The material at New York (from the old Torrey Herbarium) has the No.
582 and, additional to the Limpio locality and date, "Puerto de Paysano, Sept.
4, 1852."
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCIII
BIDENS TENUISECTA Gray
IKE
THE GENUS BIDENS 363
Fort Huachuca, southern Arizona (Gray); idem & uxor, Huachuca
Mts., Arizona, September, 1882 (Kew); 0. B. Metcalfe 839, on or
near West Fork of Gila River, Mogollon Mts., Socorro Co., New
Mexico, September 15, 1903 (U.S); idem 1096, moist loam, alt. about
1,980 meters, Kingston, New Mexico, July 9, 1904 (Berl.; Brit.;
Del.; Field; Gray; Mo.); Nealley 244, Limpio Canyon, western
Texas, 1889 (Field); C. C. Parry, Cibuta Valley, northern Sonora,
Mexico, July, 1852 (Gray; N.Y.); C. G. Pringle 18, Huachuca Mts.,
Arizona, July 8, 1884 (Gray) ; C. L. Shear 4587, Manitou, Colorado,
September 5, 1896 (N.Y.); E. 0. Wooton, Organ Mts., Dona Ana
Co., New Mexico, September 17, 1893 (N.Y.); idem, eodem loco,
September 28, 1902 (U.S.); idem, Filmore Canyon, eodem loco,
October 23, 1904 (U.S.); idem, Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, September
30, 1913 (U.S.) ; idem 430, alt. 1,440 meters, Organ Mts., New Mexico,
September 1, 1897 (Berl.; Boiss.; Calif.; Del.; Kew; Par.; U.S.;
U.V.); idem & P. C. Standley, alt. about 1,650 meters, eodem loco,
September 23, 1906 (U.S.); iidem, alt. about 1,800 meters, eodem
loco et tempore (U.S.); Charles Wright 346, western Texas, May-
October, 1849 (Gray).
Bidens Bigelovii var. 0. pueblensis Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 88: 287. 1929.
Folia principalia valde membranacea, tenuiter petiolata petio-
lis usque ad 3 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 5-7 cm. longa, circum-
ambitu triangulato-ovata, pinnata vel bipinnatisecta, segmentis
primariis ovatis saepe 2-3 cm. longis et 1.2-1.6 cm. latis. Flores
ligulati circ. 5, subflavi, circ. 6-7 mm. longi. Achaenia inferne
glabrata superne plus minusve erecto-setosa, apice biaristata (vel
exteriora interdum calva) aristis stramineis 1.5-3 mm. longis retror-
sum hamosis, dimorpha, exteriora clavata badia vel rubro-straminea
corpore tantum circ. 4.5-5.5 mm. longa, interiora atra corpore usque
ad 11 mm. longa et superne attenuata.
Type specimen: Collected by Fr. G. Arsene, No. 7211, vicinity
of Puebla, State of Puebla, Mexico, October, 1908 (U.S.).
Distribution: States of Michoacan, Mexico (with Federal Dis-
trict), Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, southern Mexico.
Specimens examined: G. Arsene 1982, Hacienda Batan, near
Tatimehuacan, vicinity of Puebla, State of Puebla, December 3,
1907 (U.S.); idem 5870, alt. 1,950 meters, Loma Santa Maria,
vicinity of Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico, September 4, 1910 (U.S.);
idem 7211 (type, U.S.); C. Conzatti 2261, alt. 2,000 meters, Cerro
364 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
San Felipe, Distr. del Centre, Oaxaca, Mexico, October 18, 1908
(Field); E. W. Nelson 3167, alt. 2,100-2,400 meters, near San Cristo-
bal, Chiapas, September 18, 1895 (Gray); F. Nicol&s 5557, Batan,
State of Puebla, November 14, 1910 (U.S.); C. G. Pringle 6784, near
Tlalpam, Valley of Mexico, Federal District, September 10, 1897
(Berl.; Boiss.; Del.; Gray; Mun.; Mus. V.).1
The foliage of the observed specimens suggests strongly that of
Bidens duranginensis Sherff, but the dimorphic achenes reveal the
affinity with B. Bigelovii Gray, a species which, in its typical form,
is confined to a more northern range.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXIX, FIGS. 0,-k
Bidens Bigelovii: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.67; b,
fruiting branch, X0.67; c, exterior involucral bract, X4.02; d, interior
involucral bract, X4.02; e, ray corolla, X4.02; /, palea, X4.02; g,
disc floret, X4.02; h and j (outer), i and k (inner), achenes, X2.68;
a, c-i, from type; 6, Parry 882, in Hb. Gray; j, k, Bigelow, mountain
arroyo, Rock Creek, Texas, July (A. Gray's unnamed variety),
in Hb. Gray.
114. Bidens leptocephala Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 22. 1917.
PI. XC.
Herba annua, 1-5 dm. alta, ramosa; caule et ramis tetragonis,
saepius glabratis, striatis, tenuibus. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.3-4
cm. longis sparsim hispido-ciliatis ad basim connatis, petiolo
adjecto 2-10 cm. longa, 1.5-5.5 cm. lata, bipinnata (inferiora non
saepe unipinnata), minute ciliata, hispida (praecipue ad venas)
vel glabrata, segmentis nunc linearibus nunc etiam ovatis. Capitula
terminalia, subradiata vel discoidea, pansa ad anthesin 3-5 mm.
alta et 4-8 mm. lata, cum achaeniis 1-1.5 cm. alta et saepius 2-4
mm. lata, tenuissime pedunculata pedunculis 2-8 cm. longis. Invo-
lucrum basi subglabrum; bracteis exterioribus 4-6, linearibus, cili-
atis, 1-2.5 mm. longis; interioribus dimidio longioribus, lanceolatis,
glabris vel ad apicem pubescentibus. Flores ligulati (interdum defici-
entes) circ. 3, minimi (circ. 2.5 mm. longi et 1.2 mm. lati), integri
vel ad apicem bidentes, 4- vel 5-striati, subalbidi. Achaenia pauca
1 A form in the past confused by me with B. duranginensis and with B. pilosa
var. radiata. Cf. O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 138. 1911: "Equidem
hanc formam [subbiternatam O. Ktze.] in specimine unico a cl. Pringle (n. 6784)
in Mexico collecto observavi;"-eundem, Engler Bpt. Jahrb. 50, Suppl. 177. 1914:
"Nur ein einziges Mai habe ich in dem reichhaltigen Material des Berliner Bot.
Museums ein Exemplar gefunden, dessen unterste Fiederblattchen etwas geteilt
sind (Mexico: Pringle n. 6784)."
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCIV
/
BIDENS PAUPERCULA Sherff
THE GENUS BIDENS 365
(5-9 vel interdum -13), subtetragona, linearia, biaristata aristis
retrorsum hamosis, 1-3 mm. longis; quaedam exteriora badia vel sub-
nigra, hispida, corpore 6-8 mm. longa; interiora nigra vel ad apicem
helveola, infra glabra, supra hispida, corpore 0.9-1.4 cm. longa.
Type specimen: Collected by J. C. Blumer, No. 1712, in shade,
sandy alluvium soil at altitude of 1,615 meters, near Cedar Gulch,
Paradise, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, September 21, 1907 (Gray).
Distribution: State of Chihuahua (Mexico) northward into New
Mexico and westward into Arizona and Lower (Baja) California.
Specimens examined: J. M. Bigelow (Lt. A. W. Whipple's ExpL),
Hurrah Creek, northern Guadalupe Co., New Mexico, September 25,
1853-1854 (N.Y.); idem 581, "mountains near Estaban" (Gray;
N.Y.); Blumer 1712 (type, Gray: cotypes, BerL; Kew; Mo.; Mus. V.);
idem 2144, alt. 1,680 meters, Wilgus Ranch, base of rhyolite slope,
Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September 4, 1907 (U.S.); T. S.Brandegee,
San Bernardo, Lower California, October 13, 1893 (Calif.); idem,
Miraflores, Lower California, September 27, 1899 (N.Y.); idem 320,
mountains near Agua Caliente, Lower California, October 18, 1890
(Calif.) ',E. L. Greene 263, banks of the Upper Gila River, New Mexico,
August 29, 1880 (Gray) ; David Griffiths 1985, Hudson Ranch, near
Pierce, Arizona, October, 1900 (N.Y.); idem 5994, fenced area, Santa
Rita Mts. Forest Reserve, Arizona, September 27-October 4, 1903
(U.S.); idem 6014, above range reserve, Santa Rita Mts., Arizona,
September 12-October 18, 1903 (U.S. ; forma foliis Bidenti Bigelovii
adpropinquans) ; Griffiths & Thornber 65, Santa Rita Mts., Arizona,
September 20-October 4, 1902 (U.S.); M. E. Jones, alt. 1,350 meters,
Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, August 24, 1903 (Stanf.); J. G. Lemmon,
Apache Pass, Fort Bowie, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September,
1881 (Brit.; Calif.; Cam.; Field; Par., 2 sheets; alibi, e.g. Mo.,
est B. Bigelovii) ; idem 333, near Fort Huachuca, southern Arizona,
1882 (Gray); idem 3029, eodem loco, 1883 (Gray); idem & uxor,
Apache Pass, Fort Bowie, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September,
1881 (Brit.; Carn.; U.S.); C.G. Pringle 62, near Arivaca, Arizona,
August 31, 1884 (Gray) ; idem 534, near Chihuahua, State of Chihua-
hua, Mexico, September 6, 1885 (Gray); idem 1574, shaded banks,
Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, September 17, 1887 (Field; Mo.); J. J.
Thornber 72, alt. 1,500 meters, Stone Cabin Canyon, Santa Rita
Mts., Arizona, September 14, 1903 (Mo.; N.Y.); George Thurber,
near Chihuahua, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, October, 1852 (Gray) ;
idem 842, November (Gray) ; C. H. T. Townsend & C. M. Barber
411, alt. 2,100 meters, near Seven-star Mine, Sierra Madre, Chi-
366 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
huahua, September 7, 1899 (Brit.; Del.; Kew; Mo.; Par.); (E.O.
Wooton 430, formerly referred in small part to this species, seems
rather to be entirely B. Bigelovii;) C. Wright 12346i's pro parte, New
Mexico, 1851-1852 (Kew; Mo.; Phila.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XC
Bidens leptocephala: a, entire fruiting plant, X0.67; 6, exterior
involucral bract, X6.7; c, interior involucral bract, X6.7; d, ray
floret, X6.7; e, palea, X6.7; /, disc floret, X6.7; g (outer),' h (inner),
achenes, X5.36; all mainly from cotype in Hb. U.S.
115. Bidens bipinnata L. Sp. PI. 832. 1753.
PI. LXXXIX, figs. l-s.
Bidens fervida Hort. ex Colla, Herb. Pedem. 3: 306. 1834.
Bidens Myrrhidifolia Tausch, Flora 19: 394. 1836.
Bidens Cicutaefolia Tausch, op. cit. 395.
Bidens elongata Tausch, loc. cit. (ex descript. etc.).
Bidens tenuifolia Tausch, loc. cit.
Bidens decomposite, Wall, ex DC. Prodr. 5: 602. 1836.
Coreopsis Corymbifolia Ham. in Wall, ex DC. loc. cit.1
Bidens Kotschyi Schz. Bip. ex Walp. Repert. 6: 168. 1846.
Bidens Kotschyana Schz. Bip. loc. cit.
Kerneria bipinnata (L.) Godr. & Gren. Fl. Fr. 2: 169. 1850.
Bidens pilosa var. bipinnata (L.) Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 309. 1881.
Bidens pilosa var. decomposita (Wall, ex DC.) J. D. Hook. loc. cit.
Bidens bipinnata var. minor Memm. Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci.
Soc. 30: 148. 1915.
Bidens pinnata L. ex Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 70: 94. 1920 (sphalm).2
Folia normaliter bipinnata; involucri bracteis exterioribus apicaliter
acutis B. bipinnata sensu stricto.
Folia pinnata vel tantum foliolis imis tripartitis bipinnata; involucri
bracteis exterioribus superne dilatatis var. /3. biternatoides.
Herba annua, erecta, plerumque glabra sed rariter minute setoso-
hispida, ramosa, caule tetragona, 3-12 (-17) dm. alta. Folia tenuiter
1 Copies of Wallich's Catalogue seen by me give "Coreopsis? corindifolia Ham."
(cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 86: 442 and footnote 3. 1928), indicating a resemblance in
foliage to Corindum.
2 Bidens fervida Nocca (nomen in Fischer, Cat. Jard. PI. Razoum. Gorenki ed. 2.
37. 1812) is represented by two specimens (Petrop.) and is seen to be purely B.
bipinnata L. (cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 86: 442. 1928).
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCV
BIDENS PRINGLEI Greenm. (figs, a-h)
BIDENS HETEROSPERMA Gray (figs, i-o)
THE '
OF THt
UIWEHSIT! OF
THE GENUS BIDENS 367
petiolata petiolis 2-5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 0.4-2 dm. longa,
normaliter 2-3-pinnata, membranacea, ciliata, segmentis ultimis
saepe deltoideo- (vel rhomboideo) lanceolatis, basim versus cuneatis.
Capitula florescentia parva, 5-7 mm. alta et 4-6 mm. lata, peduncu-
lata pedunculis tenuibus et 1-10 cm. longis, obscure radiata. In-
volucrum ad basim pubescens, bracteis exterioribus 7-10, linearibus,
ad apicem acutis, 3-5 mm. longis; interioribus lineari-lanceolatis,
exteriores dimidio superantibus. Flores ligulati flavido-albidi,
ligula lanceolati vel obovato-lanceolati, apice integri vel valde irregu-
lariterque 2-3-lobulati, floribus tubulosis non longiores. Achaenia
linearia, tetragona, (rarissime 2-) 3- vel 4-aristata aristis flavidis
retrorsum hamosis plerumque 2-4 mm. longis; corpore plerumque
nigro, supra attenuate et saepe setis parvis sparsim vestito, infra
glabrato, 1-1.8 cm. longo; corpore 2-4 exteriorum saepe crassiore,
rufulo, minute et creberrime tuberculato-hispido, 0.7-1.2 cm. longo.
Type specimen: No type was cited. The habitat was given as
Virginia and the first pre-Linnean reference given for a synonym
(Chrysanthemum aquaticum, foliis multifidis cicutae nonnihil
similibus, virginianum. Herm. lugdb. 416. 1690) relates definitely
to a Virginia plant.1 The nativity of the specimen in the Linnean
Herbarium is not indicated on the sheet.
Distribution: Rhode Island to Florida and westward to Kansas
and Mexico; rare in California; scattered in French Guiana, Brazil,
Argentina, Chile, etc.; common in northern Italy and the Tyrol
and extending into France; also in British East India, China, Corea,
Japan, Kordofan, islands of Madagascar and Sokotra (east coast
of Africa), Lizard Island (northeast coast of Australia), Philippine
Islands, etc. Probably native in recent times only to the eastern
United States and eastern Asia, elsewhere introduced.2
Specimens examined: Ambrosius, in vineyards, Valsugana, Italy
(Del.); anon. (Linn., sub num. 6 et nom. bipinnata); anon. 63,
Lizard Isl., northeast coast of Australia, April, 1861 (Mus. V., 2
1 In early days the boundaries of Virginia extended much farther west, of
course, than at present. It may be added that in the later (posthumous) work of
Hermann's, his Paradisus Batavus (pi. 123. 1698), a crude illustration of an entire
plant was given, accompanied by the slightly modified name Chrysanthemum
Virginianum foliis Cicutae nonnihil Similibus. The plate was positively of our
Linnean B. bipinnata.
2 Other authors have commonly regarded this species as native to the United
States, whence introduced elsewhere. The characteristic and quite individual
aspect found in much of the Asiatic material, an aspect that has persisted through
specimens collected many years apart (and has occasioned the employment of
separate specific names), leaves no doubt, however, that eastern Asia has been a
home to this species since prehistoric times.
368 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
sheets); A. Autheman 2217, Martiques, Dept. Bouches du Rhone,
France, September, 1889 (Berl.; Boiss.; Del.; Mus. V.); C. F. Baker
8, Auburn, Alabama, September 20, 1896 (N.Y.); R. Baron 99,
Madagascar (Kew); H. C. Benke 236, Hutchinson, Kansas, Octo-
ber 5, 1918 (Field) ; Biroli, ex herb, of (sub nom. B. fervida Hort. Er-
furt, in herb. Collae, Tur., 2 sheets); F. Bracht, sterile fields, Verona,
Italy (Mun.; Mus. V.); T. S. Brandegee, Sierra de la Laguna, Lower
California, Mexico, October 4, 1899 (Calif.; N.Y.); J. R. Churchill,
Bay-Head, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, August 24, 1892 (Gray);
A. H. Curtiss, Bedford Co., Virginia, September, 1867 (Can.); idem
1499, dry, fertile soil, near Jacksonville, etc., Florida, September
(Berl., 2 sheets; Boiss.; Brit.; Carn.); idem 4490, near Jacksonville,
Florida, October 11, 1893 (N.Y.) ; idem 5221, eodem loco, October 1,
1894 (Mus. V.; N.Y.); idem 6013, cultivated ground, eodem loco,
October 5, 1897 (Del., 2 sheets; Gray; Kew; U .V '.) ; Bretschneider 385
and 386, Peking, Prov. Chi-li, China (Kew); idem 387, eodem loco
(Berl.); John Bright, Glenshaw, Pennsylvania, September 5, 1912
(Cam.); J. B. Brinton, Wawa, Pennsylvania, August 29, 1888
(Penn.); S. W. Bushell, near Peking, Prov. Chi-li, China (Kew);
W. M. Canby, "everywhere," Wilmington, Delaware (Can.); C. B.
Clark 22115A, alt. 1,800 meters, Dalhousie, Kashmir, British East
India, September 10, 1874 (Brit.}; Lady Dalhousie, alt. 2,250 meters,
Simla, Himalayan region, British East India, September 3, 1831
(Kew); John Davis 8, New Albany, Indiana, September 15, 1909
(Mo.; forma fructibus iarcuatis B. Cynapiifoliae adpropinquans) ;
C. Dawson 382, Valparaiso, Chile (Kew) ; De Sardagna, Trent, Tyrol
(U.V.); L. H. Dewey 523, neglected lawn, Mt. Pleasant, District of
Columbia, September 2, 1901 (Can.; Gray; Phila.); T. Drummond,
St. Louis, Missouri, 1832 (Kew) ; idem 192, eodem loco (Kew) ; G.
A. Eifrick, Cumberland, Maryland, August (Carn.); Adolph Engler,
above Mori (Tyrol) at foot of Monte Baldo, Italy, July, 1870
(Berl.); P. Eugene, Drome, France, June, 1871 (U.V.);F. Evrard 154,
road from Saigon, mangrove 10 km. from the Cape, French Indo-
China, October 21, 1820 (Calif.) ; D. Facchini 2040, Bozen (Botzen)
and Roveredo and above Mori at Lake Garda, Tyrol (Berl.; Carn.;
Gray; Mus. V.; Par.): Urbain Faurie 768, central Corea, Sep-
tember 4, 1901 (Berl.); idem 1053, fields, Seoul, Corea, September,
1906 (Brit.); Andrea Fiori 382, alt. 23 meters, about Lake Superior,
Mantua (Mantova), Italy, September 20, 1904 (Gray; Kew; U.V.);
A. Fredholm 5991, waste ground, Okeechobee region, Brevard Co.,
Florida, September 9, 1903 (Gray); C. A. Geyer 47 and 529, Cahokia
THE GENUS BIDENS 369
River, vicinity of East St. Louis, Illinois, September, 1841 (Mus.V.);
H. A. Gleason 814, rich woods, Windsor, Illinois, August 30, 1899
(Gray) ; Asa Gray, Florida (Del., 2 sheets) ; J. M. Greenman 250,
bank of Blackwater River, Hendricks, West Virginia, September 10,
1904 (Field); G. Gutteriberg, vicinity of Wheeling, West Virginia,
September, 1878 (Carn.); Hoisted 35, New Brunswick, New Jersey,
June, 1891 (N.Y.); A. A. Heller, Conestoga River, Lancaster Co.,
Pennsylvania, September 6, 1901 (Del.); J. M. Hildebrandt 3380a,
among grass, Ambohitsi, Amber Mts., northern Madagascar, March,
1880 (Berl., 2 sheets; Kew; Mus.V.); A. S. Hitchcock 736, open
ground, Allen Co., Kansas, 1896 (Gray; Mo.; U.V.); Holz, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, 1831 (Mus. V.); J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson, Khasia,
British East India (Gray); ex Hort. Cliff ortiano (Brit.); H. D.
House 4003, alt. 1,200 meters, Pisgah Forest, Looking-glass Moun-
tain, North Carolina, September 3, 1908 (Gray); M. E. Hyams,
Statesville, North Carolina (Carn.); J. F. Joor, Lafourche Parish,
Louisiana, September 19, 1872 (Field); H. D. Keeler, vicinity of
Mayport and Jacksonville, Florida, 1870-1876 (Carn.); Kerner, abun-
dant at Mori, Tyrol (U.V.); idem, Bozen (Botzen), Tyrol (U.V.);
Koch, ditches near Bozen, Tyrol, 1828 (Del.); Kotschy 79, at eastern
foot of Mt. Arasch-Cool, Kordofan, September 30, 1839 (type
collection of Bidens Kotschyi Schz. Bip. ex Walp.; Berl., 2 sheets;
Del., 3 sheets; Mo.; Mun., 2 sheets; Mus. V.; Par.; U.V.);
idem 91, eodem loco, August, 1837 (Kew, 2 sheets; Mus. V.); A. B.
Langlois, along fences in rich soil, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, July,
1882 (Barn.);LeW(md 330, French Guiana, 1792 (Del.); Lindheimer,
Houston, Texas, October, 1842 (Gray; Kew); C. D. Lippencott,
Swedesboro, New Jersey, September 10, 1892 (Phila.); J. C. Liu 1306,
Prov. Chi-li, China, August 27, 1927 (Calif.) ; idem 1349, Wofossu,
Western Hills, Prov. Chi-li, August 30, 1927 (Calif. ; nom. Sinorum,
Kui Chen Ts'ao) ; F. E. Lloyd 162, flats, Hacienda de Cedro, Zacate-
cas, Mexico, 1908 (U.S.); idem & S. M. Tracy 542, Biloxi, Mississippi,
September 5, 1900 (N.Y.); Bayard Long 6912, Westville, New Jer-
sey, September 22, 1911 (Phila.); Alexander MacElwee 1902, damp,
shaded places near Overbrook, Pennsylvania, September 3, 1900
(Carn.) ; J. M. Macfarlane, Holly Beach, New Jersey, September 12,
1907 (Penn.); E. E. Maire, gardens, alt. 2,500 meters, plain of Tong-
tchouan (Tong-tschwan), Prov. Yun-nan, China, September, 1912
(Del.; forma B. biternatae var. glabratae adpropinquans) ; B. Matthes
295, Kentucky (Mus. V.); G. 0. A. Malme 1456a, Quinta near Rio
Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, April 4, 1902 (Stockh.); W. R.
370 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Maxon 5966, moist bank by canal, near Cabin John, Maryland,
October 10, 1912 (U.S.); Marie Meislahn 69, Clarcona, Florida,
September 25, 1899 (U.S.); E. D. Merrill 4308, Bued River, Prov.
Benguet, Luzon, Philippine Isls., October-November, 1905 (Berl.);
H. N. Mertz, Brooke Co., West Virginia, September 27, 1879 (Cam.) ;
C. F. Millspaugh 791, Deckers Creek, Monongalia Co., West Vir-
ginia, September 8, 1890 (N.Y.) ; C. J. Moser, Pennsylvania, August,
1832 (Mus. V.);G. V. Nash 2495, Lake City, Florida, August 29-31,
1895 (Berl.; Del.; Field; Kew; Petrop.; U.V.); Noe, Fiume, Italy
(U.V.); Pailane 558, Cape St. Jacques, Cochin China, October 17,
1919 (Del.); Edward Palmer 782, the market, Zacatecas, State of
Zacatecas, Mexico, 1898 (Gray); R. Pampanini, Conegliano, Vene-
tia, Italy, September, 1903 (Flor.); A. S. Pease 8645, waste ground,
alt. 275 meters, Bozen (Botzen), Tyrol, November 7, 1905 (Gray);
Charles Pickering, near Bombay, India, 1844-1845 (Phila.; forma
Bidenti biternatae adpropinquans) ; Eduard Poeppig, wet places,
Tuscarora Mt., Pennsylvania, September, 1824 (Del., 2 sheets;
Mus. V., 3 sheets); C.L. Pollard 688, Rock Creek, vicinity of Wash-
ington, District of Columbia, September 15, 1895 (U.S.); T. C.
Porter, Easton, Pennsylvania, October 3, 1887 (Field) ; G. N. Potanin,
northern part of Prov. Szetschuan (Sze-chuan), China, July 14, 1885
(Berl.); idem, valley of River Toiho below Yhepu, Prov. Szetschuan,
July 17, 1885 (N.Y.); idem, near Naitiha, Prov. Szetschuan, Sep-
tember 11, 1885 (Mus. V.); (C.G. Pringle 534, from near Chihuahua,
September 6, 1885, was formerly referred to this species but is now
seen to be B. leptocephala;} Rafinesque, Cumberland Mts., Tennessee,
etc., 1823 (Del., sub nom. Bidente bipinnatifida) ; J. Reverchon
2075, shaded ground, Dallas, Texas, September 13, 1900 (U.S.);1
P. H. Rolfs 335, cultivated grounds, Lake City, Florida, September
14, 1894 (Field); F. Rugel, in ruderal places near Portsmouth,
Virginia, September, 1840 (Del.; Mus. V.); idem, valley at Broad
River, North Carolina, July, 1841 (Del.); idem 257, Florida, 1845
(Gray; U.S.); A. Ruth, damp soil, Knoxville, Tennessee, August, 1895
(Field); idem 600, rich woods, eodem loco, September, 1898 (N.Y.);
P. A. Rydberg 8212, Roan Mt. Station, Tennessee, August 28, 1908
(N.Y.); Matth. Schreiber, St. Anton, near Bozen, Tyrol, September
20, 1909 (Mus. V.); idem 5091, banks of Talfer Brook, Gries near
Bozen, Tyrol, September, 1908 (Berl.; Del., 2 sheets; Mun.; Mus.
V.; Par.; U.V., 2 sheets); J. A. Shafer, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
1 Here may be noted F. A. Rogers 25123, alt. 1,500 meters, Premier Mine,
Pretoria, Transvaal (Kew), a form intermediate between B. bipinnata and B.
biternata and possibly a hybrid.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCVI
BIDENS EXIGUA Sherff (figs, o-t)
BIDENS DURANGINENSIS Sherff (figs, j-q)
OP THE
Of
THE GENUS BIDENS 371
August 16, 1885 (Cam.); C. W. Short 50, banks of Ohio River,
Fernbank, Ohio (Mus. V., 2 sheets); 0. Simony, edge of marshy
brook, plain of Kalansije, Sokotra, January 14, 1899 (Mus. V.);
P. Sintenis 1390, Peri at foot of Mt. Baldo, Italy, October 4, 1881
(Berl.; Del.; Gray; Mun.; Mus. V.; Par.); J. K. Small, northeastern
West Virginia, August 22, 1890 (Field); idem, alt. 630 meters,
vicinity of Marion, Virginia, July 22-August 2, 1892 (Field);
Louise M. Stabler, Port Chester, New York, August 25, 1887 (Gray) ;
P. C. Standley 5373, alt. 900-1,500 meters, near Waynesville, North
Carolina, August 31, 1910 (U.S.); idem 8514, vicinity of Springfield,
Missouri, August 31, 1911 (U.S.) ; idem 8771, shaded bluffs, vicinity
of Turner, Missouri, September 4, 1911 (U.S.); E. S. Steele, roadsides
etc., vicinity of Washington, District of Columbia, September 2,
1896 (Del.; U.V., 2 sheets); G. W. Stevens 2249, Neoslio River near
Miami, Oklahoma, August 24, 1913 (Del.); Stolitzka, alt. 1,200-
3,000 meters, Prov. Kulu, Himalaya, India, September 7-20, 1864
(Mus. V.)',idem, India, 1866 (Mus. V.); R. Strachey & J. E. Winter-
bottom 1, Mohaigari, Kumaon, Himalaya, India, 1848 (Kew);
Tausch, cult, in garden (Lps., 2 sheets, sub nominibus Bidente Cicu-
taefolia Tausch et Bidente Myrrhidifolia Tausch) ; C. W. Swan, Low-
ell, Massachusetts, September 16, 1880 (N. Eng.); C. H. Thompson,
French Village, Illinois, September 23, 1913 (Mo., forma capitulis
gracilioribus, achaeniis paucioribus) ; Diomede Tuezkiewicz, vineyards
at Le Vigan, France, August-September, 1859 (Mus. V.); Tweedie,
Buenos Aires, Argentina (Kew); Wallich 298a, Nepal, India (type
of Bid ens decomposita Wall, ex DC., Del.); idem 3188A, eodem loco
(Brit.); C. Von Hepperger, Bozen (Botzen), Tyrol, 1860 (Gray); idem,
eodem loco, September, 1864 (Mus. V.); Von Kellner, Verona, Italy
(Mus. V.); J. Von Sterneck, Peschiera on Lake Garda, Italy, 1893
(Cop.); Warburg 7844, vicinity of Yokohama, Japan, November,
1887 (Berl.); Rosa B. Watson, Atlanta, Georgia, November, 1881
(Gray); P. J. White 25, Dewey Co., Oklahoma, July 17, 1900 (Mo.);
H. N. Whitford 12, waste places, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Isl.,
New York, August, 1903 (Field) ; E. W. Williams, railroad embank-
ment, Dedham, Massachusetts, October 2, 1898 (Gray); T. W.
Williams, Peking, Prov. Chi-li, China, August, 1876 (Gray); idem
298, on hills, Peking, August, 1865 (Kew; forma B. biternatae adpro-
pinquans); Percy Wilson, vicinity of New York, New York, Sep-
tember 28, 1899 (N.Y.); E. 0. Wooton, Mesilla Valley, Dona Ana
Co., New Mexico, October, 1895 (U.S., 2 sheets); Charles Wright
1234, New Mexico, 1851 (Gray) ; E. C. Wurzlow, damp, sandy soil,
372 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
ditch bank in meadow, west of Houma, Louisiana, August 29,
1913 (N.Y.).
Tausch (loc. cit.) had sought to distinguish among five forms
cultivated in gardens under the name B. bipinnata. He described
each form separately, retaining one as B. bipinnata and creating
new names for the other four. B. Cicutaefolia Tausch and B. Myrrhidi-
folia Tausch each is represented by one of his own cultivated
specimens (Lps.) and is seen to be purely B. bipinnata (vide sub B.
biternata). The meager description of B. tenuifolia Tausch matches
B. bipinnata as far as it goes. A plate cited by Tausch, "Chrysanthe-
mum cannabinum etc. Moris. Hist. 3™: tab. 7, fig. 23," is of B.
bipinnata and is so treated by DeCandolle (Prodr. 5: 603. 1836) and
0. E. Schulz (Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl. : 183. 1914). At Leipsic I failed
to find an authentic specimen of B. tenuifolia. B. elongata Tausch
appears likewise unrepresented by an authentic specimen to-day,
but the description given by Tausch, as also his context, leaves no
doubt as to the identity of B. elongata with B. bipinnata. The
various specimens examined of Kotschy 79, the basis of Bidens
Kotschyi, show mostly a variant of B. bipinnata in the direction of
B. biternata var. glabrata; indeed, that at Kew (not the type) is very
clearly B. biternata var. glabrata.
J. D. Hooker (loc. cit.) reduced B. bipinnata to varietal rank
under B. pilosa, a treatment not generally accepted by botanists since
then. True it is that Trimens (Fl. Ceyl. 3: 41. 1895) and also Th.
Cooke (Fl. Bombay Pres. 2: 44. 1904) regarded Hooker's "variety"
as "scarcely worth distinction" from B. pilosa. But this was before
the researches of 0. E. Schulz had placed B. pilosa, B. biternata,
and B. bipinnata upon a firm footing as to definite fruiting and
foliage characters.1
Of Bidens bipinnata var. minor Memm. I have seen no authentic
material. Memminger's description ("Very delicate, small, 10 cm.
high, in dense shade on rocks"), however, leaves little doubt that
1 Cooke expressly cited Trimens' conclusion, agreeing with it. Trimens, in
turn, doubtless was influenced by Hooker's grouping of B. bipinnata under B.
pilosa. In view of the superficially intermediate leaves of B. biternata (B. Wal-
lichii), a species very common in British East India, but erroneously equated by
Hooker with B. bipinnata, it was only natural that Trimens should have felt that
B. bipinnata equaled B. pilosa. Had he studied the fruiting characters as did
O. E. Schulz later, he would have concluded otherwise. Curiously enough, Hooker,
in publishing his work, relied here upon the erroneous treatment by C. B. Clarke
(Comp. Ind. 141), as stated elsewhere (vide sub B. biternata). Clarke, at a later
date, realized his own error and stated (on herb, label for H. Collett 816, Kew) that
"B. Wallichii DC. [i.e. B. biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff] has the ray yellow (and
smaller) as well as different leaves and is a good species. C. B. Clarke. May 1894."
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCVII
BIDENS PARVIFLORA Willd. (figs, a-g)
BIDENS LEMMONII Gray (figs, h-n)
THE GENUS BIDENS 373
the name was applied to plants that were mere temporary dwarfs
because of conditions of the habitat.
Bidens bipinnata var. /3. biternatoides Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 90: 397. 1930.
Folia pinnata foliolis lateralibus 3-4-jugis, imis tripartitis seg-
mentis lanceolatis ceteris simplicibus lanceolatisque. Capitula dis-
coidea vel subradiata. Involucri bracteae exteriores superne sensim
vel interdum fere subabrupte dilatatae. Achaenia 2-aristata.
Type specimen: Collected by Elmer Ottis Wooton, at altitude of
1,170 meters, in cultivated land, Las Cruces, New Mexico, October,
1895 (N.Y.).
Distribution: New Mexico and western Texas.
Specimens examined: Wooton, Las Cruces, New Mexico (type,
N.Y.); Charles Wright 345, western Texas, 1849 (Del.).
In its slightly dilated outer involucral bracts this variety makes
an approach toward Bidens pilosa L. The general aspect of the
plant is at once that of the South American B. subalternans DC. and
of the Old World B. biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff, from both of
which it differs sharply in its achenes.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXIX, FIGS. l-S
Bidens bipinnata: I, fruiting specimen, X0.67; m, exterior involu-
cral bract, X4.02; n, interior involucral bract, X4.02; o, ray corolla,
X4.02; p, palea, X4.02; q, disc floret, X4.02; r (outer), s (inner),
achenes. X2.68; all from Curtiss 1499, in Hb. Field.
116. Bidens cylindrica Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 28. 1926.
PL XCI, figs. g-l.
Bidens pilosa var. pauciflora O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl.
186. 1914 (nomen).
Herba gracilis, erecta, 4-7 dm. alta; caule tetragono, glabro,
ramoso, circ. 2-3 mm. diametro. Folia petiolata petiolis tenuibus
1-5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto principalia 5-13 cm. longa, pinnatim
3-5-partita foliolis lanceolatis vel lateralibus ovatis, membranacea,
serrata dentibus acriter apiculatis, margine ciliata, faciebus glabrata
vel sparsissime adpresso-pilosa. Capitula ramos tenues plerumque
nudos usque ad 13 cm. longos terminantia, plerumque subradiata,
ad anthesin 4-5 (rarius -10) mm. alta et 3.5-4.5 (rarius -7) mm. lata,
saepe cylindrica. Involucri bracteae exteriores 6-8, lineares, apicem
versus saepius angustatae, apice acutae, margine piloso-ciliatae,
374 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
faciebus glabrae vel sparsim hispidae, 3-8 mm. longae et 0.3-1 mm.
latae; interiores lanceolatae, apice subacutae, paulo vel interdum
multo longiores. Flores ligulati rudimentarii, albidi vel rosaceo-
albidi, oblongo-obovati, apice subtruncati et circ. 3-dentati. Achaenia
6-12, linearia, tetragona, atra, glabra vel exteriora saepe hispida,
corpore 1.2-1.6 mm. longa et 0.5-0.8 mm. lata, bi- vel triaristata
aristis moderate tenuibus retrorsum hamosis 2.5-4 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Menyhart, No. 1110, not abundant,
in shady places at St. Joseph, Boruma (Mburuma; Boroma; about
400-500 kilometers above Tete on Zambesi River), Northern Rho-
desia, April, 1892 (U.V.).
Distribution: From Boruma, Northern Rhodesia, southwestward
up the Zambesi River to the District of Sebungwe (Sebungu),
Southern Rhodesia; also north-northwestward to the Tschari
(Schari, Shari, Chari) River, Tschad (Tchad, Chad) Lake region,
some 3,000 kilometers distant.
Specimens examined: Aug. Chevalier 2816, along the Tschari
River, Tschad Lake region, Sudan, October 26, 1899 (Berl.); F.
Eyles (cult, e seminibus ab R. W. Jackio lectis, alt. 750 meters, Distr.
Sebungwe, Southern Rhodesia, November, 1920; Kew); ex Hort.
Vindobon. (cult, e seminibus Menyhartii numeri 1110; U.V., 2 sheets) ;
Menyhart 1110. (type, U.V.) ; Walter Robyns 2004, alt. 930 meters,
border of sandy beach of Lake Moero, Pweto, Belgian Congo, April
18, 1926 (Bruss.; nom. indig., Kasokopia).
The Chevalier specimen listed had been determined by 0. E.
Schulz as his Bidens Engleri, and in fact was cited by him, as was
also the nomen B. pilosa var. pauciflora, for that species at the
time of his original description (Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl.: 186. 1914).
Recently, I have been privileged to study not only Schulz's type of
B. Engleri (Berl.), but also excellent specimens of duplicate material
(Boiss.; Mus. V., etc.). These all agree in having plants of low
stature (2-3 dm. high), the leaves practically all undivided, the
heads discoid; the exterior involucral bracts only about 3 or 4,
spatulate, serrulate-ciliate, 1-2 mm. long; the inner bracts 2-5 times
as long, often rounded at apex; the'achenes all glabrous, parallel-
sided through most of their length and thus oW<mg(-linear, obcom-
pressed, about 1 mm. wide. With this material the Chevalier and
Menyhart specimens were compared and were seen to differ sharply
as follows: Height, 4-7 dm., leaves 3-5-parted, heads subradiate;
the exterior involucral bracts 6-8, linear and mostly narrowed above,
ciliate with slender hairs instead of with minute serrulations, 3-8
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCVIII
TKE LIBRARY
OF THt
UNIVERSITY QF ILLINOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 375
mm. long; the inner bracts mainly 1.1-2 times as long, subacute at
apex; the outer achenes frequently hairy, all narrower and gradually
attenuate upward, distinctly tetragonal, only 0.5-0.8 mm. wide.
A question at once arose from the fact that the Chevalier and
Menyhart specimens had come from localities 3,000 km. or more
apart, while the type material of B. Engleri had come from a point
more or less intermediate (about 6°-8° N. Lat. and 26°-28° E. Long.
In my judgment morphological considerations outweighed those
as to geographical distribution and appeared to compel a segregation
of the Chevalier and Menyhart (and, when later found, the Eyles
and Robyns) specimens as a species distinct from B. Engleri.
The name cylindrica alludes to the shape of the flowering heads
which, in the two specimens cultivated from achenes of Menyhart
1110, are notably cylindric.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCI, FIGS. Q-l
Bidens cylindrica: g, cauline leaf, X0.6; h, subflowering head,
X2.4; i, exterior involucral bract, X2.4;;', interior involucral bract,
X2.4; k, ray corolla, X2.4; /, achene, X2.4; g, i,j, from 1st type sheet;
h, k, from 2nd type sheet; /, from Chevalier 2816, in Hb. Berl.
117. Bidens cornuta Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 22. 1917.
PI. XCII, figs. h-n.
Herba annua, 3-5 dm. alta; caule et ramis tetragonis, striatis,
glabris, tenuibus. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.3-3 cm. longis et supra
basim hispidam glabris, petiolo adjecto 3-12 cm. longa et 3-6 cm.
lata, pinnata (vel summa bipinnata), ciliata, supra subglabra, infra
sparsim adpresso-hispida; foliolis vel dentatis vel incisis vel etiam
(imis foliorum superiorum) distincte partitis, circumambitu ovatis
vel lanceolatis. Capitula terminalia, discoidea (vel interdum sub-
ligulata?), tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis 2-9 cm. longis. Involu-
crum basi glabrum; bracteis exterioribus 5-8, linearibus, glabris vel
infra hispido-ciliatis, 2-3 mm. longis; interioribus late linearibus,
glabris, 4-5 mm. longis. Achaenia anguste linearia, striata, triaris-
tata; aristis maturis 5-7 mm. longis et divaricatis, supra tenuissime
et retrorsum hamosis, demum plus minusve deciduis; nonnulla exte-
riora achaenia subbadia, hispida, corpore 6-10 mm. longa; interiora
elongato-attenuata, nigra vel subnigra vel ad apicem subflavida,
infra glabra, supra hispida, corpore 1.3-2 cm. longa.
Type specimen: Collected by Edward Palmer, No. 131, at altitude
of 730 meters, Hacienda San Miguel, southwestern Chihuahua,
Mexico, August, 1885 (Gray).
376 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Distribution: Known only from type locality in southwestern
Chihuahua, Mexico.
Specimens examined: Palmer 131 (type, Gray: cotypes, Brit.;
Kew; N.Y.; Phila.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCII, FIGS, h-n
Bidens cornuta: h, flowering and fruiting spray, X0.57; i, exterior
involucral bract, X3.44;y, interior involucral bract, X3.44; k, palea,
X3.44; I, disc floret, X3.44; m (outer), n (inner), achenes, X3.44;
h, from cotypes in Hb. Phila. and Hb. U.S. (mainly from middle
specimen on sheet in latter herb.); i-n, from type.
118. Bidens tenuisecta Gray, PI. Fendler. 86. 1849.
PI. XCIII.
Bidens cognata Greene, Leafl. Bot. Grit. 1: 149. 1905.
Herba erecta, annua, glabra vel sparsim hirsuta, infra plerumque
simplex, supra ramosa, 0.2-1.5 m. alta; caule tetragono, viridi
purpurascentive. Folia petiolata (vel summa sessilia) petiolis
0.5-3.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 0.5-1.4 dm. longa, pinnata vel
saepius 2-3-pinnata segmentis anguste linearibus 0.5-2.5 mm. latis.
Capitula inconspicue radiata, ad anthesin 4-10 mm. lata et 6-10
mm. alta. Involucrum inferne plerumque hirsutum; bracteis lineari-
bus et subaequalibus, exterioribus 6-12, 5-7 mm. longis. Flores
ligulati flavi, ligula obovati vel lanceolati, apice saepe denticulati,
tantum 4-6 mm. longi. Achaenia linearia, tetragona; interiora
maxima ex parte nigra, glabrata vel saepius apicem versus erecto-
setosa, supra attenuata, apice plerumque flava, corpore 8-15 mm.
longa, biaristata vel rarissime triaristata aristis retrorsum hamosis,
plerumque flavis, 1.5-3 mm. longis; pauca exteriora breviora, cras-
siora, saepe badia, glabrata vel interdum papillato-hispida, corpore
6-8 mm. longa, apice biaristata aristis retrorsum hamosis et 1-3
mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by August Fendler, No. 449, margins
of Ponil Creek, between Bent's Fort, Colorado, and Santa Fe, New
Mexico, in 1847 (Gray).
Distribution: Southeastern Idaho southward through Colorado,
New Mexico, and Arizona into the State of Chihuahua, Mexico;
reported as adventive near Rochester, New York (N.Y. State Mus.
Bull. 139:19. 1910).
Specimens examined: C. F. Baker 643, Chama, New Mexico,
September 6, 1899 (Berl.; Boiss.; Del.; Gray; Kew); E. A. Bessey,
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCIX
BIDENS BITERNATA (Lour.) Merrill & Sherff (figs, a, c-ro)
BIDENS PILOSA L. (fig. 6)
THE GENUS BIDENS 377
alt. 1,800 meters, Colorado Springs, Colorado, July 10, 1895 (N.Y.) ;
J. M. Bigelow, banks of the Pecos River, New Mexico-Texas, October
14, 1853 (U.S.) ; J. C. Blumer 1386, alt. 2,400-2,475 meters, Barfoot
Park, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September 17, 1906 (Field; Gray;
Kew; Mus. V.); idem 1593, eodem loco, August 22, 1907 (Berl.;
Field; Kew; Mus. V.) ; idem 2056, alt. 2,250 meters, Grand View, above
Paradise, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September 10, 1907 (Field);
T. S. Brandegee, New Mexico, 1879 (Calif.); idem 1164, Animas
Valley, Colorado, 1875 (Calif.); F. E. & E. S. Clements 65, alt. 2,100
meters, Engelmann Canyon, Colorado, September 7, 1901 (Berl.;
Del.; Gray); /. W. Clokey 3948, alt. 2,270 meters, dry hillsides,
Cascade, Colorado, August 29, 1920 (Cop.; Field; Mo.; Phila.);
idem 4368, alt. 2,040 meters, dry hills, Rye, Colorado, September 3,
1921 (Cop.; Phila.) ; J. H. Cowen 2726, Palmer Lake, Colorado,
September 10, 1897 (N.Y.; Par.); C.S.Crandall 2725, alt. 2,400
meters, Buena Vista, Colorado, August 19, 1897 (Field); Alice
Eastwood 28, along Platte River, Denver, Colorado, August 10,
1910 (Gray; Kew); W. W. Eggleston 10728, alt. 1,600 meters, Portal,
Chiricahua National Forest, Arizona, September, 1914 (U.S.); idem
10873, alt. 2,200 meters, Barfoot Fire-station to Paradise, Chiricahua
National Forest, Arizona, September 23, 1914 (Gray; U.S.); idem
15012, alt. 2,140 meters, Salida, Colorado (U.S.); Charlotte C. Ellis
261, gardens, Balsam Park, Sandia Mts., New Mexico, July 10
(N.Y.); eadem 280, alt. 2,460 meters, in fields, Balsam Park, August
4, 1914 (N.Y.); A. Fendler 449, New Mexico (type, Gray: cotypes,
Berl., 2 sheets; Boiss.; Brit.; Flor.; Kew, 2 sheets; N.Y.); E. L.
Greene, Cucharas River, Huerfano Co., Colorado, September 5,
1873 (Field); idem, Fort of Colorado, September 3, 1873 (Gray);
idem 456, Pinos Altos Mts., New Mexico, September 14, 1880
(Gray; Kew; Phila.; U.V.); M. E. Jones, alt. 2,100 meters, Mound
Valley, Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico, September 18, 1903
(Mo.; U.S.); idem 803, alt. 1,800 meters, Cheyenne Canyon, Colo-
rado, October 5, 1878 (Berl.; Brit.); J. G. Lemmon 2768, near Fort
Huachuca, Arizona, 1882 (Gray) ; idem 2907, eodem loco et tempore
(Gray); idem & uxor, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September, 1881
(Brit.; Calif.; Kew; U.S.) ; 0. B, Metcalfe 546, alt. about 2,550 meters,
Mogollon Mts., Socorro Co., New Mexico, August 19, 1903 (Brit.;
Del.; Gray; Kew); idem 1436, among pines, alt. about 2,850 meters,
Sawyer's Peak, Grant Co., New Mexico, September 30, 1904 (cotypes
of B. cognata Greene; Berl.; Brit.; Del.; Field); A. Isabel Mulford,
Pocatello, Idaho, August 25, 1892 (N.Y.); idem 1232, Whitman's
378 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Camp, New Mexico, September 8, 1895 (Kew; N.Y.); E. W. Nelson
4938, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, September 8, 1898 (Field) ; C. C.
Parry 115, Fort Garland, northern New Mexico, September, 1867
(Berl., 2 sheets; Gray); idem 605, southern Colorado, 1867 (U.S.);
Eugene Penard 211, alt. 1,800 meters, Colorado Springs, Colorado,
September, 1891 (Boiss.) ; C. G. Pringle 1287, canyons, Sierra Madre,
Chihuahua, Mexico, September 23, 1887 (Boiss.; Field; Kew; Phila.;
U.V.) ; idem 1636, base of Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico, October
8, 1888 (Berl.; Brit.; Del.; Mo.; Mus. V.; U.V.); C. A. Purpus 8116,
Flagstaff, Arizona, May-October, 1900 (Calif.; U.S.); C. L. Shear
4946, along ditch, Durango, Colorado, August 11, 1897 (Petrop.);
Forrest Shreve 5386, alt. 2,700 meters, Mt. Lemmon, Arizona, October
1, 1917 (Gray) ; P. C. Standley 4862, alt. about 2,520 meters, Pecos
National Forest, New Mexico, August 10, 1908 (N.Y.) ; idem 5002,
alt. about 2,010 meters, near Pecos, New Mexico, August 17, 1908
(N.Y.); idem 6308, alt. 2,100-2,380 meters, in streets, Raton, New
Mexico, June 21-22, 1911 (U.S.); idem 6503, vicinity of Antonito,
Colorado, July 7, 1911 (U.S.); idem 7145, alt. 1,550-1,650 meters,
ditches, Farmington, New Mexico, July 20, 1911 (U.S.); idem 7926,
alt. about 1,900 meters, ditches, Cedar Hill, New Mexico, August 15,
1911 (U.S.); idem 40583, sandy arroyo, Pine Canyon, Guadalupe
Mts., Culberson Co., Texas, August 15-17, 1924 (U.S., forma mon-
strosa) ; idem .& H. C. Bollman 11107, creek bottoms, Ense-
nada, New Mexico, September 3, 1914 (U.S.) ; C. H. T. Townsend &
C. M. Barber 298, alt. 2,250 meters, in Sierra Madre, Colonia Garcia,
Chihuahua, Mexico, September 1, 1899 (Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Del.;
Field; Mo.; Par.); John Wolf 544, Valley of Upper Arkansas River,
September, 1873 (Field) ; N. P. Woodward 2, potato field with sheep
manure or wool waste, Worcester, Massachusetts, September 10,
1921 (Gray); E. 0. Wooton, James Canyon, Sacramento Mts., New
Mexico, August 11, 1899 (N.Y.); idem, Las Vegas Canyon, New
Mexico, August 24, 1910 (U.S.); idem, alt. 2,490 meters, 12 miles
northeast of Vermejo Park, New Mexico, August 30, 1913 (U.S.);
idem 259, alt. 2,040 meters, White Mts., New Mexico, July 31, 1897
(N.Y.); idem 2544, Ensenada, New Mexico, August 16, 1904 (U.S.);
idem & Standley 3675, alt. about 2,220 meters, White Mts., New
Mexico, August 25, 1907 (U.S.).
In describing Bidens cognata, Greene (loc. cit.) stated that it was
"allied to B. heterosperma." He then proceeded to differentiate it
from that species, which was very easy because B. heterosperma was
so unlike it. Here, as in certain other cases (cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate C
A^]>
BIDENS BITERNATA var. GLABRATA f. ABYSSTNICA (Schz. Bip.) Sherff
OF THfc
am EUITY w IUWOB
THE GENUS BIDENS 379
56:494. 1913; ibid. 64: 30. 1917), Greene's error consisted in compar-
ing the plant with the wrong species and then founding a new species
upon the points of dissimilarity. His type material (0. B. Metcalfe
1436) is merely a low, rather much branched form of Bidens tenuisecta
Gray, with the type of which it is connected by a number of the
specimens cited above.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCIII
Bidens tenuisecta: a, b, fruiting specimens, X0.66; c, d, exterior
involucral bracts, X3.94; e, f, interior involucral bracts, X3.94; g,
ray corolla, X3.94; h, i, paleae, X3.94;;, k, disc florets, X5.91; I and
m (outer), n and o (inner), achenes; a, d, f, g, i, k, m, o, from type;
b, c, e, h, j, I, n, from Metcalfe 1436 (cotype of Bidens cognata Greene),
in Hb. Field.
119. Bidens straminoides Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.
22: 706. 1935.
Herba annua, gracillima, 6-9 dm. alta, caule simplici aegre
angulato glabro nonnullis internodiis 1-1.5 dm. longis. Folia petio-
lata petiolis usque ad 1 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto tantum 2-3.5 cm.
longa, plus minusve bipinnata, infra valde supra sparsim tomentoso-
hispida, segmentis ultimis oblongis vel (superiorum) filiformibus.
Capitula pauca (±3), subcorymbose ad caulis apicem disposita
pedicellis subsparsim pilosis subtenuibus 3-5 cm. longis, forsitan
discoidea, demum circ. 1.4 cm. lata. Involucri bracteae subaequales
extrinsecus pilis gracillimis albidis longis hispidae, exteriores circ.
4-6 elongato-lineares acutae circ. 5-7 mm. longae; interiores oblongo-
ovatae. Flores ligulati non visi. Paleae nunc late nunc anguste
oblongae, apice plus minusve obtusae. Achaenia atra, plana, lineari-
oblonga, supra rarius angustata, marginibus ventreque valde tergo
pluristriato aegre erecto-setosa setis e tuberculis ortis, corpore 7-8
mm. longa et 0.6-0.8 mm. lata, apice erecte setosa et biaristata
aristis brunneis antrorso-hispidulis circ. 0.6-0.8 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by H. Scaetta, No. 2272, at altitude
of about 1,850 meters, Mt. Bohanga, Ruanda District, German East
Africa (Mus. Cong., 2 sheets).
Distribution: Ruanda District, German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Scaetta 2272 (2 type sheets, Mus. Cong.).
The stems are especially elongate, nudate, and mostly less than
2 mm. thick, appearing when dry, therefore, more or less like straws.
Apparently closest to Bidens paupercula, which differs in having
more elongate achenial bodies, retrorsely barbed aristae, etc.
380 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
120. Bidens paupercula Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 158,
pi. 12, figs. a-g. 1923. PI. XCIV.
Bidens ciliata DeWild. Repert. Sp. Nov. 13: 203. 1914 (non B. cili-
ata Hoffmgg. ex Fisch. et Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 6: 46.
1839).
Herba annua, erecta, saepe gracillima; caule subtetragono sim-
plici vel ramoso, 2-8 dm. alto, caule ramisque mine glabris nunc
infra valde supra debiliter piloso-scabridis. Folia petiolata petiolis
saepe alatis 0.8-4.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2-10 cm. longa, pin-
nata vel interdum bipinnatisecta; foliolis 3 vel 5, anguste linearibus
vel etiam filiformibus, acutis, minute denticuloso-ciliatis et saepe
sparse hispidis, 0.2-1.8 mm. latis et usque ad 5 cm. longis. Capitula
tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis 8-13 cm. longis, ad anthesin minima,
pansa circ. 7 mm. lata et 6 mm. alta, subradiata. Involucri bracteae
exteriores 4-9, reflexae vel reflexo-patentes, lineares, glabrae vel
saepius setoso-ciliatae, apice acutae, primum (ad anthesin) circ. 2
mm. demum circ. 5-8 mm. longae; interiores lanceolatae, subglabrae
vel apice saepe pubescentes, saepe paulo breviores. Flores ligulati
rudimentarii, lutei, lineares, circ. 4-5 mm. longi. Achaenia (circ.
8-15 in unico capitulo) recta, anguste linearia, obcompressa, exalata,
supra medium sensim usque vel fere ad apicem angustata, atra vel
atro-brunnea, adpresse erecto-setosa, utrinque manifeste 8-sulcata,
corpore 1-2.2 cm. longa et 0.5-1.2 mm. lata, apice erecte setoso saepe
dilatata et semper biaristata aristis tenuibus retrorsum hamosis
1.2-2.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Ad. Stolz, No. 1442, in forest at
altitude of 900 meters, Kyimbila, Nyassaland, July 22, 1912 (Berl.,
2 sheets).
Distribution: Nyassaland to southeastern Belgian Congo.
Specimens examined: J. Bequaert 302, Elisabethville, Katanga,
Belgian Congo, April 4, 1912 (Bruss., 2 type sheets of B. ciliata
DeWild.); F. A. Rogers 10956, Elisabethville, Katanga, May, 1914
(Rog.); Stolz 1442 (type, Berl., 2 sheets: cotypes, Cop.; Del.; Mun.;
Mus. V.).
Unlike most other African species of Bidens, this possesses close
affinities with B. bipinnata L. and B. parviflora Willd. The type
specimens were small plants, but the cotypes and other specimens
later examined were much larger and better developed. From these
and also from the more robust material collected by Rogers in the
type locality, the original description has been amplified. B. ciliata
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany. Vol. XVI, Plate CI
V
in n
BIDENS ANDICOLA var. COSMANTHA f. BUCHT1ENII SherfT (figs, a-g)
BIDENS PSEUDOCOSMOS Sherff (figs, h-n)
'J.BRMK
Of THfc
Of IllMttl
THE GENUS BIDENS 381
DeWild. belongs here, but its name is dropped because of the earlier
homonym B. ciliata Hoffmgg.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCIV
Bidens paupercula: a (fruiting) and h (flowering and fruiting)
specimens, X0.63; 6, k, exterior involucral bracts, X3.75; c, I, interior
involucral bracts, X3.75; d, ray corolla, X3.75; e, m, paleae, X2.5;
/, n, disc florets, X3.75; g, o, achenes, X2.5; i, more highly divided,
lower leaf, X0.63; j, small portion of stem, enlarged to show shape
and pubescence, Xl.88; a-g, from type; h-o, from Bequaert 302 (2
type sheets of Bidens ciliata DeWild.), in Hb. Bruss.
121. Bidens heterosperma Gray, PI. Wright. 2: 90. 1853.
PI. XCV, figs. i-o.
Herba annua, gracilis, erecta, glabrata, 3-6 dm. alta, paniculato-
ramosa; caule ramisque tenuissimis, plus minusve tetragonis. Folia
petiolata petiolis 0.3-1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2-5 cm. longa,
1- vel 2-ternato-partita, interdum inconspicue denticulato-ciliata ;
foliolis paucorum inferiorum juniorumque linearibus, 1-2 mm. latis,
integris; foliolis reliquorum lineari-filiformibus, 0.5-1 mm. latis,
integris. Capitula discoidea vel rariter subradiata ligulis flavis
angustisque (circ. 4 mm. longis), pedunculata pedunculis tenuissimis
1-5 (-10) cm. longis; ad anthesin cylindrico-turbinata, tantum 3.5-5
mm. alta et 2-3 mm. lata. Involucrum sparsim hispidum vel sub-
glabratum; bracteis exterioribus 3-5, anguste linearibus, demum
3-5 mm. longis, quam interioribus elliptico-lanceolatis paulo breviori-
bus. Flores tubulosi pauci (plerumque 8-13), tantum circ. 1.5 mm.
longi, 3 (rariter -5)-lobati. Achaenia linearia, glabra, tetragona vel
tantum trigona, biaristata vel raro triaristata, plerumque nigra;
interiora supra attenuata, 7-12 mm. longa, aristis 1-2.2 mm. longis;
exteriora crassa, clavata, saepe rugosa, breviora, aristis brevibus
saepe caducis.
Type specimen : Cultivated in 1852 at Cambridge, Massachusetts,
from seed obtained in 1851 near the Copper Mines in New Mexico
by Charles Wright (Gray, 2 sheets).
Distribution: Arizona and southernmost Colorado southward
to the Territory of Baja California, and the states of Sonora and
Chihuahua, Mexico.
Specimens examined : J. C. Blumer 3351, alt. 1,800 meters, open,
eroding gravel slope, Manning Trail, Rincon Mts., Arizona, Sep-
tember 13, 1909 (Berl.; Gray) ; Miss L. L. Donnelly, alt. 1,830 meters,
382 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Cananea, Sonora, September 1, 1909 (Calif.); E. L. Greene 461, Pinos
Altos Mts., New Mexico, September 16, 1880 (Kew); F. H. Knowl-
ton 157, alt. 2,520 meters, Walker Lake, San Francisco Mt., Arizona,
September 1, 1889 (Gray) ; J. B. Leiberg 5893, alt. 2,000 meters, near
Kendrick Mts., Arizona, August 27, 1901 (U.S.); J. G. Lemmon,
Ramsey's Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Arizona, September, 1882 (Calif.) ;
E. A. M earns 2218 pro parte, canyon, east side of San Luis Mts.,
Chihuahua, September 11, 1893 (U.S.; cf. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.
56, No. 1: 89, stat. 18. 1907); G. C. Nealley 220, alt. 2,250 meters,
Rincon Mts., Arizona, 1891 (U.S.); C. G. Pringle 1288, foothills of
the Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, September 24, 1887 (Boiss.; Field;
Kew; Mo.; Phila.; U.V.); idem 1289, rocky hills near Guerrero,
Chihuahua, September 12, 1887 (Berl.; Boiss.; Field; Kew; Phila.);
idem 1637, base of Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, October 8, 1888 (Berl.;
Brit.; Calif.; Del.; Mun.; Mus. V.; U.V., 2 sheets); idem 11487*4
alt. 2,400 meters, lava fields near Eslaba, Federal District, Mexico,
September 17, 1903 (Berl.; Kew) ; Ira L. Wiggins & D. Demaree 4882,
alt. 2,200 meters, under pines about margins of meadow, La Encan-
tada, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico, September
18, 1930 (Stanf.) ; (ex seminibus lectis a) Charles Wright, New Mexico,
1851 (et cult, in Horto Cantabriginensi, 1852; type material, Gray,
2 sheets).
.EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCV, FIGS, i-o
Bidens heterosperma: i, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.7; ;',
exterior involucral bract, X3.5; k, interior involucral bract, X3.5; I,
palea, X3.5; m, disc floret, X3.5; n (outer), o (inner), achenes, X3.5;
all from one (my No. "II" on sheet) of two type sheets.
122. Bidens exigua Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 70: 89, pi. 11, figs. a-/'. 1920.
PL. XCVI, figs. a-i.
Herba annua, usque ad circ. 4.5 dm. alta; caule ramisque tenuis-
simis, glabratis, striatis. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.5-2 cm. longis,
petiolo adjecto 3-5 cm. longa, membranacea, glabra, bipinnata;
foliolis 3 vel 5, saepius 3-5-partitis; lobis linearibus, integris, subob-
tusis, infirme apiculatis. Capitula pauca, discoidea vel subradiata,
pauciflora, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis 2-5 cm. longis, ad
anthesin 5-6 mm. longa et infra 1.5-2 mm. supra 2-3 mm. lata;
cum fructibus usque ad 1.6 cm. longa et usque ad 0.5 (rariter ad 1) cm.
lata. Involucrum basi sparsim hispid am vel glabratum; bracteis
exterioribus 4-7, linearibus, 2-3 mm. longis, ciliatis, ad faciem glabris
vel pubescentibus, ad apicem induratis; interioribus dimidio longi-
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CII
BIDENS PILOSA L. (figs, a, 6, e-j); var. MINOR (Bl.) Sherff (figs, c, d, k-r)
THE GENUS BIDENS 383
oribus, glabratis, lanceolatis, striatis, margine diaphanis. Achaenia
linearia, tetragona, glabra vel supra ad angulos remote hispida, atra,
facie unaquaque 2-sulcata, corpore 8-14 mm. longa, bi- vel triaristata,
aristis usque ad 3 mm. longis, retrorsum hamosis hamis tenuibus.
Type specimen: Collected by Charles H. T. Townsend, No. 1513,
at altitude of 1,607 meters, in Chosica Canyon, Peru, April 20,
1913 (U.S.).
Distribution: Central and southern Peru, near the coast, and
southeastward into northern Argentina.
Specimens examined : J. F. Macbride 2873, alt. about 900 meters,
dry, sandy, rocky slope, Chosica, Peru, March 11-13, 1923 (Field) ;
idem 3209, alt. about 2,100 meters, stony slopes, shale and gravel,
Huanuco, Peru, April 5-8, 1923 (Field ); Ludwig Savatier 570, Matu-
cana, Peru, April 22, 1877 (Par.); F. Schickendantz 16, Yacatula
(near Bele"n), Prov. Catamarca, Argentina, December, 1879 (Berl.,
ex herb. Hieronymi; nom. vernac., amor seco); Townsend 1513
(type, U.S.); A. Weberbauer 5293, alt. 1,500-1,600 meters, San
Bartolome", Peru, April 4, 1910 (Berl.); idem 7401, alt. 2,200-2,300
meters, open, mixed formation, Torata, Prov. Moquegua, Peru,
March 17-18, 1925 (Field).
Related to Bidens subalternans through the latter's var. simulans,
which in doubtful cases seems best distinguished by its broader
leaf divisions.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCVI, FIGS. 0,-i
Bidens exigua: a, entire young flowering plant, X0.57; b, sub-
fruiting head, X0.57; c, d, exterior involucral bracts showing varia-
tion in pubescence, X4.56; e, interior involucral bract, X4.56;
/, palea, X4.56; g, disc floret, X4.56; h (outer), i (inner), achenes,
X4.56; all from type.
123. Bidens parviflora Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 848. 1809.
PL XCVII, figs, a-flf.
Bidens macrosperma H. G. ex Fischer, Cat. Jard. PL Razoum.
Gorenki 59. 1808; ed. 2. 37. 1812 (nomen).
Bidens pauciflora Poir. in Lam. & Poir. Diet. Bot. Suppl. 1: 630.
1810.
Bidens multifida Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. ed. 3. 186. 1829; nomen.
Bidens Messerschmidii Turcz. ex DC. Prodr. 5: 602. 1836.
Herba annua, erecta, glabrata vel hinc inde sparsim hispida,
gracilis vel rarius subrobusta, 2-7 dm. alta. Folia petiolata petiolis
384 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
0.5-2.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-13 cm. longa, 2-3-pinnata,
segmentis linearibus vel oblongo-linearibus, membranaceis, subacriter
calloso-apiculatis, marginibus involutis obsolete ciliatis, 1-4 (rarius
-8) mm. latis. Capitula tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis plerumque
circ. 4-6 cm. longis, discoidea, ad anthesin cylindrica, 7-10 mm. alta
et circ. 3 mm. lata. Involucri bracteae exteriores circ. 5, lineares,
acutae et indurato-apiculatae, tergo subglabrae, margine sparsim
spinuloso-ciliatae, demum reflexo-patentes et 5-11 mm. longae, quam
interiores late oblongo-lineares demum multo breviores. Flores
tubulosi 4-lobati; paleis valde membranaceis, demum elongatis et
corporibus achaeniorum etiam interiorum saepe fere aequalibus.
Achaenia 6-13, odorata (ex Messerschm.), atra, linearia, utrinque
attenuata, plus minusve tetragona, erecto-setosa praecipue supra,
omnino 16-24-striata, corpore 1.5-2 cm. longa et 0.7-1.4 mm. lata,
biaristata aristis erectis, retrorsum hamosis, 2-4 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected at Lake Baikal, Siberia (Willd.).
Distribution: Lake Baikal region of Siberia eastward to Amur
and eastern Manchuria and southward to central China (provinces
of Szetschuan, Hupeh, etc.), Corea, and Japan.
Specimens examined: Anon., Transbaikal region, Siberia (Mus.
V.); anon., Lake Baikal, Siberia (Willd., type); anon., Usuri (Ussuri),
southeastern Manchuria (Berl.; Mus. V.); Bretschneider, Peking,
Prov. Chi-li, China (Berl.); idem 388, Peking (Kew); Y. Chen 701,
alt. 960 meters, Hsien Shan Hsien, western Hupeh, China, September
17, 1926 (Calif.); N. H. Cowdry 895, dry roadsides, Chi-fu (Chefoo),
Prov. Shan-tung, China, June-August, 1920 (Kew); 0. Debeaux 91,
mica schist hills, Chi-fu (Tche-fou), China, September 2, 1860
(Par.); E. Farber, mountains, vicinity of Chi-fu (Tschi-fu), China,
1889 (Berl., 2 sheets; Cop.; Par.; U.V.); Farges 81, China (Par.,
2 sheets); Urbain Faurie 419, common, Fusan, Corea, October 4,
1901 (Berl.; Par.); idem 420, in fields, Chinampo, Corea, September
12, 1901 (Berl.; Brit.; Par.); idem 1052, in fields, Chinampo, Sep-
tember 8, 1906 (Berl.; Brit.); idem 1916, Shinano, Japan, September
15, 1898 (Berl.; Kew; U.V.); Giuseppe Giraldi 272, northern
Shen-Si (Chen-Si), China, September 18, 1891 (Berl.; Flor.); idem
2894, Mt. Ki-fon-San, near Pao-Ki-Scen, northern Shen-Si, October,
1898 (Flor.); idem 2895, In-Kia-pu (In-kio-po), northern Shen-Si,
August, 1896 (Berl.; Flor.); idem 2896, hill near Fu-kio, northern
Shen-Si, June, 1893 (Flor.); idem 2897, hill near Fu-kio, northern
Shen-Si, October, 1894 (Berl.; Flor.); Aug. Henry 2875, Prov. Hupeh,
China, 1885-1888 (Brit.; Gray; Kew; Par.); idem 4791, I-chang,
THE GENUS BIDENS 385
Patung Distr., Prov. Hupeh, China (Kew); idem 7011, Prov. Hupeh,
1885-1888 (Berl., 2 sheets; Gray; Kew); Hugh 24, China, August,
1897 (Brit.); H. E. M. James, Kirin to Tsitsihar, Manchuria,
communic. June, 1887 (Kew); F. Karo (Plantae Amuricae) 160,
Blagowjestschensk (Blagovestchensk), Amur, Siberia, August, 1898
(Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Cop.; Del., 2 sheets; Kew; Mus. V.; Par., 2
sheets); idem 1534, eodem loco, September, 1905 (Brit.); Vladamir
Komarov 1534, near Ta-moudan, Prov. Kirin, Manchuria, September
8, 1896 (Berl.; Brit.; Flor.; Gray; Kew, 2 sheets); idem (similiter
numerat.) 1534, Jalu-dsian River, about Kazami, northern Corea,
September 21, 1897 (Kew) ; 5. Krug 73 and 73a, Forestry Garden,
Tsingtau, Kiao-chau region, Prov. Shan-tung, China, September 15,
19.05 (Berl.); idem 185, Lehis Mts., China, September 15, 1906
(Berl.); idem (Imperial Forestry Office of Tsingtau) 433, Lauschen
Mts., August-September, 1910 (Berl.); J. C. Liu 1413, alt. about
900 meters, hillside, Kalgan, Prov. Chi-li, China, September 9,
1927 (Calif.; nom. Sinorum, Kui chen Ts'ao; hoc nomine Bidens
bipinnata similiter apellatur); Maximowicz (iter secundum), upper
Usuri, southeastern Manchuria, 1860 (Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Cop.;
Flor.; Gray; Kew; Mun.; Mus. V.; Par.); Jar din de Montpelier,
specimen cult, e seminibus a Fischero communicatis (itaque pro
Bidente macrosperma Fisch. probabiliter dignum; Del.); Nebel, moun-
tain slopes, Tsingtau, Kiao-chau (Kiautschou) region, Prov. Shan-
tung, China, 1899-1900 (Berl.);1 G. N. Potanin, in road, Paiho
River below She-pu, northern Szetschuan (Sze-chuan), China, July,
1885 (Par.); idem, Distr. Naitiha, Szetschuan, September 11, 1885
(Kew; Par.); A. Provost 34, Kou-pe'i-Ke'ou, China, September, 1891
(Par., 3 sheets); J. Ross 137, Prov. Sching-King, northern China
(Kew); idem 286, Kaichow to Kinchow, northern China (Kew);
Schottmuller 349, Chi-fu (Chefoo), Prov. Shan-tung, China, August,
1861 (Berl.); ex herb. Schumacheri, cult, in Hort. Hafniae, ann. 1808,
sub nom. B. macrosperma (Cop., 2 sheets); C. Silvestri 2556, Mt.
Ku-cheng (Ku-tcen), alt. 600 meters, Prov. Hupeh, China, July-
August, 1906 (Flor.); idem 2557, Mt. Triora, alt. 1,950 meters,
Prov. Hupeh, China, July 3, 1907 (Flor.); idem 2558, Mt. Kian-
Scian, alt. 2,000 meters, Prov. Hupeh, China, September, 1907
(Flor., 3 sheets); Don Giovanni Tsan, Pouoli, northern Shen-Si,
China (Flor.); George Staunton, China (Del.); idem, between Peking
and Jehol, Prov. Chi-li, China (Brit.); Turczaninow, Transbaikal
1 The "B. chinensis W." specimen from "China" ex Herb. Petrop., cited by
DeCandolle (Prodr. 5: 602. 1836) for B. parviflora, is B. bipinnata L.
386 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
region, Siberia (Kew); idem, on rocks at Selenga and elsewhere,
Transbaikal region, Siberia, 1829 (cum inscript. "Bidens Messer-
schmidii mihi Ammann. descript. pag. 148;" Del., 2 sheets; Oxf.);
idem 1232, iisdem locis, 1831 (Del.); Wawra (Circumnav. H. M.
Frigate Donau) 1232, Chi-fu (Chefoo), Prov. Shan-tung, China,
1868-1871 (Mus. V., 2 sheets); F. W. Williams 16052, Peking,
Prov. Chi-li, China, September, 1867 (Brit.).
A species not easily confused with any other Asiatic species.
Known to Messerschmid as early as 1739 (or earlier),1 it was not
properly published until 1809. In that year Willdenow gave a technical
description of it, citing as an equivalent the name B. macrosperma
Fisch., which had been published without description in 1808. I
have seen very old-looking sheets of material (e.g., Mus. V.) with
merely the name macrosperma on the label and these match perfectly
the Willdenow specimens (Willd.) of B. parviflora. Poiret's private
specimen of B. pauciflora Poir. (Par.) likewise matches the Willdenow
specimens. Desfontaines' B. multifida was merely a nomen, listed
as being one used at the Paris Botanical Garden, and was equated
by Desfontaines himself with B. pauciflora Poir. Certain very old-
looking sheets of material labeled Bidens multifida Desf., still extant
in herbaria (e.g., Mus. V.) are, furthermore, merely B. parviflora
Willd. Turczaninow's original specimen of his B. Messerschmidii is
in the DeCandpllean Prodromus Herbarium (Del.) and likewise
is B. parviflora Willd.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCVII, FIGS, a-fif
Bidens parviflora: a, fruiting specimen, X0.68; b, exterior invo-
lucral bract, X3.41; c, interior involucral bract, X3.41; d, palea,
X3.41; e, disc floret (4-lobed), X3.41;/, pollen grains, X272; g, achene,
X2.72; a, g, from Poiret's own specimen (type of Bidens pauciflora
Poir.) in hb. Poir. in hb. Moquin-Tandon in hb. Cosson in Hb.
Par. ; b-f, from identical material on the Bernhardi herbarium sheet,
in Hb. Mo.
124. Bidens Lemmonii Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1, pt. 2: 297. 1884.
PI. XCVII, figs. h-n.
Herba annua, gracilis, erecta, glabra, 2-3 dm. alta; caule tenui,
plerumque purpurascenti, paniculato-ramoso. Folia tenuiter petio-
lata petiolis plerumque 0.8-1.7 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2-4 cm.
1 B. Daurica, saxatilis, foliis Apii v. Cicutae magis, flore luteo, nudo, semine
Scandicis instar longissimo, odorato; [etc. ]. . .Messerschmid in Amman. Stirp. Rar.
Imp. Ruthen. Icon, et Descript. 148. 1739.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate GUI
BIDENS PILOSA var. RADIATA Schz. Bip. (figs, a-h)
BIDENS TENERA O. E. Schulz (figs, i-o)
OF THt
UNIVERSITY Of IttWW
THE GENUS BIDENS 387
longa, minute ciliata, irregulariter biternata, segmentis linearibus,
non serratis, apice acutis, plerumque 0.5-1 mm. (in speciminibus
parvis saepe 3.5-4.5 mm.) latis. Capitula discoidea, tenuiter pedun-
culata pedunculis 1-6 (-9) cm. longis; ad anthesin subcylindrica et
tantum 3-5 mm. alta et 1-2 mm. lata (bracteis exterioribus non
inclusis). Involucrum glabratum vel sparsim hispidum; bracteis
exterioribus 3 vel 4, demum tenuiter linearibus, membranaceis,
ciliatis, longissimis (1-2.5 cm.), plerumque foliaceis et saepe irregu-
lariter pinnato- vel etiam bipinnato-partitis (segmentis linearibus);
interioribus demum oblongo-lanceolatis, 6-8 mm. longis. Flores
tubulosi 5-9, tantum circ. 1.5 mm. longi, plerumque 3-lobati.
Achaenia linearia, tetragona, rufo-badia, glabra, corpore 1.2-1.4 cm.
longa, biaristata, interiora supra attenuata; aristis retrorsum hamosis,
circ. 2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by John Gill Lemmon, Apache Pass
(Fort Bowie) , Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, September, 1881 (Gray) .
Distribution: Southern Arizona southward into Lower (Baja)
California and the State of Mexico, Mexico.
Specimens examined : T. S. Brandegee, Sierra de San Francisquito,
Lower California, October, 1890 (Field; Phila.); idem, La Chuparosa,
Lower California, October 16-17, 1893 (Calif. ; Kew) ; idem, Sierra de
la Laguna, Lower California, October 2, 1899 (Calif. ; Field) ; idem 321,
San Francisquito Mts., Lower California, October 20, 1890 (Calif.);
J. G. Lemmon, Apache Pass (Fort Bowie), Chiricahua Mts., Arizona,
September, 1881 (type, Gray: cotype, Field); idem 334, vicinity of
Fort Huachuca, southern Arizona, 1882 (Gray) ; idem et uxor, Helen's
Dome, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September, 1881 (Carn.; Brit.;
Calif. ; Kew) ; iidem 334, peak south of Apache Pass, Arizona, Sep-
tember, 1881 (Calif.); C. G. Pringle 6477, alt. 2,550 meters, Sierra
de Ajusco, Federal Distr., Sept. 8, 1896 (Berl., 2 sheets; Boiss.;
Brit.; Calif.; Can.; Del.; Field; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V.; U.V.);
idem 11489, alt. 2,400 meters, lava fields near Eslava, Federal Distr.,
September 17, 1903 (Berl.; Cop.; Field; Kew).
The 3 or 4 outer involucral bracts are very long (1-2.5 cm.),
commonly foliaceous, and often irregularly pinnate- or bipinnate-
parted, this last character being unusual for the genus. Another
exceptional character is the 3-lobed limb of the disc corollas.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCVII, FIGS, h-n
Bidens Lemmonii: h, entire small fruiting plant, X0.68; i, leaf
from larger specimen showing extreme of decompound habit, X0.68;
388 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
j, exterior involucral bract (of simple kind ; the compound kind often
found on this species here omitted), X4.77; k, interior involucral
bract, X4.77; I, palea, X4.77; m, disc floret (atypic in having 4
instead of for this species the usually 3 corolla teeth), X4.77; n,
achene, X2.72; all from type sheet (which bears one small and one
large specimen).
125. Bidens capillifolia Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 24. 1917.
PL XCVIII.
Herba tenuis, annua, +3 dm. alta, ramosa, glabra (vel basibus
ramorum hispida); caule et ramis subteretibus, striatis. Folia
petiolata petiolis 0.6-1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2-6 cm. longa,
1-2-pinnata; segmentis linearissimis, margine integris, 0.5-1 mm.
latis. Capitula terminalia, discoidea, longe et tenuiter pedunculata,
pedunculis 4-15 cm. longis. Involucrum basi plus minusve setoso-
hispidum; bracteis exterioribus 3-5, linearibus, glabris vel sparsim
hispidis, 6-8 mm. longis, primo discum juvenem multo excedentibus;
interioribus anguste lanceolatis, glabris vel sparsim hispidis, margine
diaphanis, 4-6 mm. longis. Achaenia linearia, tetragona, biaristata
aristis retrorsum hamosis; 1-3 exteriora rufo-badia, sparsim tuber-
culato-hispida, corpore circ. 6 mm. longa; interiora nigra (nisi ad
apicem), elongata, glabra vel supra remote hispida, corpore 9-14
mm. longa.
Type specimen : Collected by Charles Melvin Barber and Charles
Henry Tyler Townsend,, Sierra Madre, State of Chihuahua, Mexico,
July 17, 1899 (U.S.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality of Sierra Madre,
State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Specimens examined: Barber & Townsend, Sierra Madre, Chihua-
hua (type, U.S.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCVIII
Bidens capillifolia: a, subflowering and fruiting spray, X0.69;
b, exterior involucral bract, X4.16; c, interior involucral bract, X4.16;
d, palea, X4.16; e, disc floret, X5.54;/, achene, X2.77; all from type.
126. Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff in Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 88: 293. 1929. PL XCIX, figs, a and c-^m.
Bidens pilosa L. var. /3. L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 2: 534. 1767; Murray,
Syst. Veg. ed. 13. 610. 1774.
Coreopsis biternata Lour. Fl. Cochinch. ed. 1. 508. 1790; ibid. ed.
2. 622. 1793.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CIV
BIDENS PILOSA var. BIMUCRONATA (Turcz.) O. E. Schulz (figs, o-i)
BIDENS ACUTICAULIS Sherff (figs, j-r)
OF THt
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 389
Bidens chinensis Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1719 (quoad synonyma et herb.
Willd. num. 15023, fol. 4). 1804.
Bidens peduncularis Gaud. Voy. Freyc. Bot. 464. 1826.
Actinea biternata (Lour.) Spreng. Syst. 3: 474. 1826.
Bidens Wallichii DC. Prodr. 5: 598. 1836.
Bidens Wallichii var. bimensis Miquel, Fl. Nederl. 2: 78 (ex descript.
et patria). 1856.
Bidens pilosa var. /3. Wallichii (DC.) C. B. Clarke, Compos. Ind. 141.
1876.
Bidens pilosa var. /3. discoidea f. 4. subbiternata 0. Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. PI. 1: 322 (quoad pi. Birmam, fide 0. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb.
50, Suppl. 179. 1914). 1891.
Bidens Robertianifolia LeVl. & Vant. in Fedde Repert. Nov. Spec.
8: 140. 1910.
Bidens chinensis f. simplicifolia 0. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl.
181. 1914.1
Bidens Mayebarai Kitamura, Compos. Nov. Japon. 21. 1931.
Folia foliolis imis plerumque bipinnata; achaeniis corpore demum
0.7-2 cm. longis B. biternata sensu stricto.
Folia rarius bipinnata; achaeniis corpore demum usque ad 2.5 cm.
longis.
Caulis glaber, foliolis plus minusve glabris, involucre plus minusve
piloso var. /3. glabrata sensu stricto.
Caulis pilosus tomentoso-hirtusve, foliolis dense tomentoso-pilosis
vel subhirtis, involucre plerumque dense hirto.
var. glabrata f. 1. abyssinica.
Herba annua, erecta, 0.3-1.5 m. alta; caule tetragono, oliva-
ceo-brunneo, glabro sed ad nodos pilosulo, ramis erecto-patentibus
ramoso. Folia petiolata petiolis pilosulis 1.5-5 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto 0.5-1.5 dm. longa, membranacea, utrinque disperse pilosa, cili-
ata, serrata, pinnatim partita (rarissime indivisa); foliolo terminal!
oblongo-ovato vel etiam lanceolato, ad apicem acuminate, ad basim
1 We may note also Bidens elevata Solander mss. (PL Nov. Hollandiae vol. 2
in Herb. Brit.). This apparently has never hitherto been published. It is accom-
panied with the synonyms Agrimonia molucca Rumph. Amb. 6. p. 38, pi. 15, fig. 2;
Bidens pilosa 0. , L. Sp. PI. Thus, ex synon., it reduces to B. biternata.
In addition, the following pre-Linnean synonyms are presented, as being of
considerable importance in the nomenclatural history of the species: Chrysanthe-
mum chinense foliis plurifariam divisis Halicacabi peregrini aemulis Pluk. Phytogr.
pi. 22, fig. 4 (excl. synon.). 1691; idem, Almag. Bot. 100 (exd. synon.). 1696; Agri-
monia molucca Rumph. Herb. Amboin. 6: 38, pi. 15, fig. 2. 1750.
390 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
cuneatim angustato, 2-5.5 cm. longo et 1-2 cm. lato; foliolis laterali-
bus 2-4 jugis, terminal! proximis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, breviter
decurrentibus; sequentibus majoribus, breviter petiolulatis; infimis
manifeste petiolulatis, rursus partitis segmentis lateralibus ovatis
sessilibus uni- vel subbijugis. Capitula subradiata, ad anthesin
minuta, 5-7 mm. lata et 4-6 mm. alta, 20-30-flora, pedunculata
pedunculis tenuibus 1-7 cm. longis. Involucrum basi glanduloso-
pilosum; bracteis exterioribus 7-10, anguste linearibus et non superne
spathulato-dilatatis, acutis vel subacutis, hirsutis, 3-6 mm. longis;
bracteis interioribus ovato-lanceolatis vel late ellipticis, sub apice
subito angustatis in apiculum puberulum, marginibus late hyalinis,
plerumque exteriores paulo superantibus. Flores ligulati plerumque
3, albidi, steriles, ligula oblongo-elliptici, apice circ. 3-crenata, circ.
4 mm. longi, nullo stylo. Achaenia linearia, subattenuata, pro
maxima parte nigrescentia, apice aristisque flavido-brunnea, erecta
vel subrecurvata, paleas manifeste superantia, obcompresso-tetra-
gona, glabra vel (praecipue exteriora) superne setis erecto-patentibus
hispida, longitudinaliter omnino 8-sulcata, corpore 0.7-2 cm. longa,
plerumque 4-, raro 3- vel 5-aristata, aristis retrorsum hamosis
lateralibus 2.5-3.5 mm. longis mediis 2-2.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Said by Loureiro to have grown in fields near
Canton, China (see text).
Distribution: Widely distributed in the Eastern Hemisphere:
Japan, Corea, and Manchuria, southward through all China to
French Indo-China, Siam, and Malay Peninsula, westward through
British India and Afghanistan to Arabia; Liu-kiu Islands, Chusan
Islands, Philippine Islands, etc.; Malaysia (Borneo, Java, etc.),
Melanesia (Molucca Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, etc.), Polynesia
(Fiji Islands, Tonga or Friendly Islands, etc.); Australia; in Africa
from northernmost German East Africa, southern Sudan and Portu-
guese West Africa south to Natal and German Southwest Africa;
off the African coast (islands of Sokotra, Madagascar, Reunion
[Bourbon], Cape Verde, Madeira, etc.) ; adventive in 1859 in southern
France (Tuezkiewicz 3118).
Specimens examined : J. E. T. Aitchison 660 and 982, open, stony
ground, Shalizan, Kurrum Valley, Afghanistan, 1879 (Boiss.; Gray;
Kew); anon., Tokyo, Japan, October 3, 1893 (U.V. ; nom. japonicum,
sendan-gusa) ; C. A. Backer 18215, alt. 10 meters, Poeger, Java, 1914
(Buit.); idem 20605, Madoera Isl., Dutch East Indies, 1915 (Buit.);
F.Bachmann, Pondoland, southeastern Africa, April, 1888 (Berl.);
idem 1586, eodem loco, 1887-1888 (Berl.); Balansa 910, near
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CV
1 f
BIDENS PILOSA var. BIMUCRONATA f. ODORATA (Cav.) Sheril
Of
Of
THE GENUS BIDENS 391
Quang-yen, Tonkin (Tongking), French Indo-China, August, 1885
(Par.); Banks & Solander, New Holland (Australia), 1770 (Berl.);
R. Baron, Madagascar (Berl.); J- Bermejos 177 (Bur. Sc. No. 345),
Palawan, Philippine Isls. (Berl.; Man.; U.S.); James Bisset, Yoko-
hama, Japan, October, 1876 (Kew); R. P. Bodinier, Hongkong,
China (Par.); Boivin 155, Reunion, 1846-1852 (Berl.; Boiss.; Del.;
Par.; forma var. glabratae f. abyssinicae adpropinquans) ; ex Bot.
Instil., Science College, Imper. Univ. Tokyo, ex Prov. Musashi, Japan,
September 23, 1885 (U.V.; nom. japonicum, sendan-gusa) ; Bret-
schneider 1887, mountains west of Peking, Prov. Chi-li, China, 1881
(Brit., 2 sheets; forma valde5. bipinnatae adpropinquans); R. Brown
2121, Australia, 1802-1805 (Kew); Burmann 180, Japan (Del.);
R. Buttner 106, San Salvador, Angola, January 8, 1885 (Berl.);
J. Cardoso 95, Cape Verde Isls., 1895 (Kew); L. Chanet 99, Cheng-
ting-fu (Tcheng Ting Fau), Prov. Chi-li, China, September 3, 1905
(Del., 2 sheets) ; Cheo & Wilson 241 (Hb. Univ. Nanking No. 12887),
roadside, Mo Kan Shan, Prov. Che Kiang, China, September 7,
1926 (Gray); Aug. Chevalier 9787, L'Oubangui (Mbanga) and Chari,
Sudan, September 9-10, 1903 (Del.); C. B. Clarke 223745, alt. 1,800
meters, Dalhousie, India, September 13, 1874 (Brit.); idem 248235,
alt. 1,200 meters, Parasnath, India, November 18, 1874 -(Brit.);
Cole 48, Madras, India (Kew); H. Cunning 593, Philippine Isls.
(Berl.); idem 594, eodem loco (Berl.; Brit.; Del.); idem 596, eodem
loco (Mus. V.); Lady Dalhousie, Simla, India, September 2 (Del.);
R. P. David 15, plains of Petcheli and mountains north of Peking,
Prov. of Chi-li, China, 1863 (Par., 3 sheets; forma foliis valde bipin-
natifidis, lobis acutis, B. bipinnatae adpropinquans; forsan hybrida?) ;
idem 21, environs of Peking, 1865 (Par.; forma Davidii numero 15
aequalis); Delavay 603, Tapintze, southern Ten-tchouan, China,
September 7, 1882 (Par.) and September 22, 1887 (Par.); M. &
Mme. Dieterlen 866, Leribe\ Basouto-(Basuto-) land, southeastern
Africa (Berl.); Dinter 11-18, in grassy places, Okanhandja (Okan-
jande), German Southwest Africa, March 19, 1906 (Berl., 2 sheets);
J. R. Drummond 25726, Karnal Jungle, Punjab, India, August 28,
1886 (Kew); idem 25727, Karnal-Ghogripur, Punjab, August 12,
1886 (Kew); Eberhart 2568, Hoi-mit, French Indo-China (Par.);
idem 33386is, Than-moi, Prov. Langson (Lang Son), French Indo-
China (Par.; nom. indig., cay-nu-ao); M. P. Edgeworth, northwestern
India, 1844 (Kew) ; R. Endlich 77a, alt. 1300 meters, Kiboquoto, east-
ern Africa, July, 1909 (Mun.);*dm 557, alt. 1,100 meters, on the Ki-
kafu, Kilimanjaro, German East Africa, August, 1909 (Berl.; Mun.);
392 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
F. Evrard, Tsien, Manchuria, 1891 (Berl., 2 sheets); idem 154, near
Saigon, French Indo-China, October 21, 1920 (Par.); idem 225,
Dalat, French Indo-China (Par.); E.Faber, Shanghai, China, 1886
(Berl., 2 sheets); U. Faurie 2Wbis, wet places, Tamsui, Formosa,
May 22, 1903 (Brit.; Mus. V.); idem 416, common in wet, sandy
places, Corea, July 23, 1901 (Berl.; Brit.; Par.); idem 418, common
in fields of central Corea, September 6, 1901 (Berl.; Par.); idem
845, Korisho, Formosa, March, 1914 (Del.); idem 847, alt. 750
meters, Arisan, Formosa, June, 1914 (Del.); idem 1053, in fields,
Seoul, Corea, September, 1906 (Berl.; Del.); idem 1917, Prov.
Shinano, Japan, September 15, 1898 (Berl.; Kew; U.V.); Fischer 4,
Otjimbingue, Use, German Southwest Africa, 1897 (Berl.); Forster,
Tongatabu (Tongataboo), Tonga Isls. (Kiel, sub nom. Bidente
pilosa Forst. Prodr.); E. E. Galpin 1332, alt. 570 meters, Sheba
Battery, Kaap Valley, Barbarton, Transvaal, March, 1891 (Kew);
Gaudichaud (Voyage of iheBonite), Macao, Prov. Kwang-tung, China,
1836-1837 (Par.); A. Germain 109, Cochin-China (Par.); L. S. Gibbs
2724, British North Borneo, January, 1910 (Kew) ; Giuseppe Giraldi
273, Pe-ling Mts., northwestern China, October, 1894 (Berl.); idem
2899, Ko-tu-pa, southern Shen-si, China, July, 1895 (Berl.); G. W.
Groff, around fruit trees, Sun Ooi, Lai Ngok Village, Canton Delta,
Kwangtung Prov., March 18, 1918 (Calif.; nom. incolarum, Kam
p'un ngan chan) ; H. Hallier, San Ramon, Prov. Zamboanga, Min-
danao, Philippine Isls., February, 1904 (Man.); H. G. Hallier 27,
cult, in Horto Bogoriensi, Buitenzorg, Java, March 27, 1893 (Boiss. ;
Man.); Hana 298, Hongkong, China, (Gray); Harmand, Poulo-
Condor Isls., French Cochin-China, 1875-1877 (Par.); Aug. Henry
388, Prov. Hupeh, China, 1885-1888 (Berl., type ofBidens chinensis
f . simplicifolia 0. E. Schulz) ; idem 2086, alt. 300 meters, Ape's Hill,
Formosa (Kew; forma capitulis foliisque minimis); idem 2491,
Ichang, Patung Distr., Prov. Hupeh, China (Kew; forma foliis
Bidenti segetum subsimilis); idem 2794, Ichang and vicinity,
1885-1888 (Boiss.; Gray; Kew; Par.); idem 8574, Hainan Isl., China,
1889 (Par.); idem 8269, eodem loco, November, 1889 (Berl., 2 sheets;
Boiss., sub num. 8769); ex herb. Heynei 299c, India (Del.); Fr. Hens
286, alt. 480-600 meters, Lutete, Belgian Congo, April 1, 1888
(Boiss.; U.V.); ed. R. F. Hohenacker 276, near Mangalor, India (Del.;
Mus. V.); idem 1355, Khoondas, Nilgiri Hills, India, December
(Del, 2 sheets); C. Hoist 2908, alt. 50 meters, Amboni, Distr. Usam-
bara, German East Africa, June 24, 1893 (Berl., 2 sheets); Em.
Holub, Bechuanaland (Kew); J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson, alt.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI. Plate CVI
BIDENS PILOSA var. BIMUCRONATA f. ODORATA (Cav.) Sherff (figs, a-h);
var. ALAUSENSIS (H.B.K.) Sherff (figs, i-o)
«
*
THE GENUS BIDENS 393
0-1,200 meters, Khasia, India (Kew, 2 sheets); ex Hort. Bot. Cal-
cutt., Wallich Cat. No. 3189, Comp. No. 299a, India (Berl., 2 sheets;
Del.); Kotobuki Ichikawa 398, Nagasaki, Japan, August 15, 1924
(Calif.); G. De I' Isle, river near Le Barnica, St. Paul, Reunion (Kew;
Par. ; forma var. glabratae f . abyssinicae adpropinquans) ; V. Jacque-
mont 377, India (Par.) ; idem 426, Prov. Delhi, India (Par., 4 sheets) ;
J. G. Koenig, Coromandel, India, 1776 (Brit.); Krauss, banks
of Umbaar River, Natal, December, 1839 (Mun.); B. Krug 70,
Forestry Garden, Tsingtau, Prov. Shan-tung, China, September 14,
1905 (Berl.); idem 177, eodem loco, September 14, 1906 (Berl.,
2 sheets); idem 445, Krautschou, Lauschan Mts., Prov. Shan-tung,
August-September, 1910 (Ber\.);Labillardiere, Amboina Isl., Molucca
Isls. (Par.); idem, Java (Del.); H.Lecomte & A. Finet 1252, Barka,
French Indo-China, November, 1911 (Par.); iidem 1733, Angkor-
Thorn, Siam, December 12, 1911 (Par.); Leduc, Mong-Tze, Prov.
Yun-nan, China, September 14, 1890 (Par., 4 sheets); E. Lefevre 4,
Cochin-China, September 25, 1864 (Par.) ; E. Licent 798, Pei-ta-ho
(Pei-tai-ho), Prov. Chi-li, China, September, 1914 (Brit.); D. H.
Linder 1699, rich, moist soil, Tshumbiri, Belgian Congo, December
15, 1926 (Berl.); A. Loher 3626 pro parte, Prov. Benguet, Luzon,
Philippine Isls. (Man.; in Mun. cum B. pilosa var. minore commixta) ;
idem 5084, Tonglon, Prov. Benguet, Luzon (Kew); Macgillivray 63,
Lizard Isl., northeast coast of Australia, April, 1861 (Brit.; forma B.
bipinnatae adpropinquans) ; E. E. Maire 987, vicinity of Yun-nan-sen,
Prov. Yun-nan, China (Kew) ; R. Marloth 1373, alt. 1,200 meters, Oka-
hand ja, Hereroland (Damaraland), German Southwest Africa, May,
1886 (Berl.) ; Maximowicz, iter secundum, Nagasaki, Japan, 1863 (Par.) ;
Kanjiro Mayebara, Sashiki, Prov. Higo, Japan, October 19, 1926
(Kioto; duplicate type otBidens Mayebarai Kitam.; forma foliis sim-
plicibus; achaeniis B. bipinnatae adpropinquans); F. A. McClure,
1 meter high, grassy field, Kingchow, Isl. Hainan, southeastern China,
October 14, 1921 (Calif.) ; idem, alt. 10 meters, roadside near King-
chow, April 5, 1922 (Calif.); R. C. McGregor 2666, riverside, Dupax,
Prov. Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon, Philippine Isls., March, 1912 (Man.) ;
E. A. Mearns, Santo Domingo de Basco, Batan, Philippine Isls.,
May 27, 1907 (Man.); E. D. Merrill, bamboo thicket and border
of dry thicket, Honam Isl., Canton, Kwangtung Prov., China,
October 13-November 9, 1916 (Calif., 2 sheets); idem 414, Prov.
Camarines, Luzon, Philippine Isls., December, 1914 (Par.); idem
3335, sandy shore, Puerta Galera, Mindoro, Philippine Isls., October-
November, 1903 (Berl.; Man.; Par.); idem 3647, open waste places,
394 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
alt. 1-2 meters, Caloocan, Prov. Rizal, Luzon, November 25, 1903
(Kew; Man.); idem 4311, Prov. Benguet, Luzon, November 14,
1905 (Kew; Man.; Par.); Metz 1355, Khoondas, Nilgiri Hills, India,
December, 1854 (Par.); J. Motley 472, Bangarmassing, Borneo,
1857-1858 (Kew); Mousset 209, alt. about 900-950 meters, east Java,
December 12, 1912 (Man.); Genji Nakahara, Shiringai, Taihoku,
Formosa, August, 1905 (Penn.) ; idem, Toroku, Formosa, September,
1905 (Penn.); idem 386, Formosa, eodem tempore (Man.); idem 401,
Sekiko, Formosa, eodem tempore (Man. ; forma vix typica) ; F. P.
Odubre, mountain side, San Guintin, Pangasinan, Luzon, Philippine
Isls., January 1, 1913 (Man.) ; Richard Oldham 258, Tamsuy (Tam-
sui), Formosa, 1864 (Berl.; Brit.; Gray; Kew; Mus. V., 2 sheets;
Par.) ; F. Otanes, along stream, Umingan, Prov. Pangasinan, Luzon,
Philippine Isls., April 22, 1914 (Man.; Mo.); F. G. Overlaet, Kafa-
kumba, Belgian Congo, April, 1925 (Field) ; A. Petelot 1211, Prov.
Tonkin (Tongking), French Indo-China, Nov., 1922 (Par.) ;idem (simi-
liter) 1211, edges of roads, Cho Ganh, French Indo-China, Nov., 1923
(Calif.); Rainier -Kesslitz, borders of fields, Nagasaki, Japan, July,
1886 (Mus. V.); M. L. Ramos, Prov. Ilocos Norte, Luzon, Philippine
Isls., March 8, 1909 (Man.); idem, Dupax, Prov. Nueva Vizcaya,
Luzon, May 16, 1909 (Man.); idem, alt. 700 meters, Umuguten,
Prov. Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon, May 18, 1909 (Man.); idem 30167,
Catanduanes, Philippine Isls., November 14-December 11, 1917
(Mo.); Rautaner 75, Olukonda, Amboland, German Southwest
Africa, April 30, 1894 (Kew; U.V.) ;K.&L. Reckinger 3636, Herberts-
hohe, New Britain (Neu Pommern), Bismarck Archipelago, Sep-
tember, 1905 (Mus. V.);C. B. Robinson 31, rocky soil, alt. 10 meters,
Batoe-mera, Amboina, Molucca Isls., July 20, 1913 (Man.); idem
9177, Polillo, Philippine Isls., August, 1909 (Man.); F. A. Rogers
8048, alt. 1,200 meters, Broken Hill, northwestern Rhodesia, May,
1908 (Kew); idem 25123, alt. 1,500 meters, Premier Mine, Preto-
ria, Transvaal (Kew; forma B. bipinnatae adpropinquans, forsan
hybrida?); Royle 171, Cashmere (Kashmir; Cachemire), India, 1833
(Del.); Miss E. M. Saunders, Punjab, India (Kew); Savatier 621,
wet, shady places, Yokoska, Japan, 1866-1874 (Kew; Par.); Otto
Scheerer, Luakan, near Baguio, Prov. Benguet, Luzon, Philippine
Isls., April, 1913 (Man.);1 A. K. Schindler 210a, Tsingtau, Prov.
Shan-tung, China, September, 1907 (Berl.); idem 247, eodem loco
et tempore (Berl.; Del.; Mus. V.); R. Schlechter 4568, alt. 800 meters,
1 Called Angguat by the Ibalai Igorot of Benguet; it "serves them to ferment
the half-boiled grains of rice in making rice-wine, or 'tafei' " (fide Scheereri).
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CVII
BIDENS PILOSA var. ALAUSENSIS f. SCANDICINA (H.B.K.) Sherff
THE GENUS BIDENS 395
in shrubby place near Mailas Kopje, Transvaal, March 4, 1894
(Berl., 2 sheets; Boiss.; Kew; Mus. V.; U.V.); idem 17523, Kaiser
Wilhelm's Land, April 8, 1908 (Calif.); R. Schomburgh 161, Port
Darwin, North Australia (Kew); Schottmueller 219, Yokohama,
Japan, October, 1860 (Berl.) ; idem 445, Dutch East Indies, January,
1862 (Berl.); G. Schweinfurth 296, Tamarida, Sokotra (Socotra),
September 13, 1881 (Kew); idem 461, alt. 500 meters, Gebel Bura,
Arabia, January 5, 1889 (Boiss.); idem 2240, forest thicket (Waldege-
busch) at Gurfala, Bongoland, southern Sudan, August 2, 1869
(Berl.; Kew); B. Seemann 270 p.p., Fiji Isls., 1860 (Boiss.); Gomes da
Silva 198, Timor, East Indies (Berl.); George Staunton, Prov. Che-
kiang, etc., eastern China (Brit.); Stuhlmann 2908, alt. 50 meters,
Amboni, Distr. Usambara, German East Africa, June 24, 1893 (Berl.,
2 sheets) ; idem 8529, Dar-es-Salaam, German East Africa, September
10, 1894 (Berl.); Talmy, Cochin-China, October, 1867 (Par.); Emile
Joseph Taquet 969, in uncultivated places, Hongno, Isl. Quelpaert,
Corea, September 23, 1908 (type collection ofBidens Robertianaefolia
LeVl. & Vant.; Berl.; Del.); A, J. Teague 412, Odarvhi River Valley,
Distr. Manica, Div. Umtali, Southern Rhodesia, 1915 (Kew); G.
Thomson 58, Singapore, Malay Peninsula (Kew) ; Thomas Thomson,
alt. 1,500-2,100 meters, northwest Himalaya, India (Brit.; Del.;
U.V.); idem, Muradabad (Moradabad), India, 1845 (Kew); Clovis
Thorel 1270, Bassac, etc., Cambodia, French Indo-China, 1862-1866
(Par.) ; Thwaites, Ceylon (Brit.) ; Diomede Tuezkiewicz 3118, vineyards
at Le Vigan, southern France, August-September, 1859 (Gray);
Morice Vanoverbergh 926, along roads, Subprov. Bontoc, Luzon,
Philippine Isls., October 14, 1910 (Man.); Nathaniel Wallich,
Catalogue No. 3189, Comp. No. 299e, Prome, India, 1826 (Berl.,
2 sheets; Del., 2 sheets); idem, Catalogue No. 3189, Comp. No.
299/, Tavoy, India, 1827 (Berl.; Del.); Warburg 4381, alt. 600
meters, Java, January, 1887 (Berl.); idem 7850, Japan, September,
1887 (Berl.); Welwitsch 3961 and 3962, Angola (Kew); idem 3963,
alt. 720-1,140 meters, Distr. Pungo Andongo, Angola (Brit.; Kew);
C. A. Wenzel 302, in old clearings, Dagami, Leyte, Philippine Isls.,
July 3, 1913 (Del., 2 sheets; Field; Man.); ex herb. Wightii (Wallich
Cat. No. 3189, Comp. No. 299d), alt. 1,050-1,200 meters, Dendygul
Mts., India, 1830 (Berl. ; Del.) ; ex herb. Wightii 1451 pro parte, mission
garden, India, December, 1820 (Berl.; Kew, 2 sheets; N.Y.); Capt.
Wilkes, Madeira, Madeira Isls. (N.Y.); herb. Willdenowii 15023-fol.
4 (Willd.);1 F. Wilm-s 843, among bushes by the great waterfall,
1 (Lecta, fide O. E. Schulzii op. cit. 178, a) Klein, Mgandamaley, Ceylon,
February 29, 1796.
396 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Distr. Lydenburg, Transvaal, February, 1890 (Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.;
Del.; Kew; Mus. V.; U.V.); idem (similiter) 843, Lydenburg, Distr.
Lydenburg, Transvaal, November, 1894 (Berl.; Mun.); idem 845 p.p.,
City Garden, eodem loco, February, 1884 (Berl.); Hubert Winkler
3376, southeastern Borneo, 1908 (Berl.); J. M. Wood 715, Inanda,
Natal, May-June, 1880 (Kew) ; Charles Wright (17. S. N. Pacif. Expl.
Exped. under Ringgold & Rodgers) 150, Loo-Choo Isls., Japan,
1853-1856 (Gray); R. Yatabe, Tokio, Japan, September 4, 1880
(Del.; nom. japonicum, sendangusa); Yvan, Isl. Chusan, Chusan
Archipelago, China (Del.); H.Zollinger 410, in gardens, Java, June,
1856 (Mus. V.); idem 2284, Java (Berl., 2 sheets; Del., 3 sheets).
0. E. Schulz, in his special study of Bidens chinensis Willd. and
related species (Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl. 178. 1914), appears to have
overlooked the Coreopsis biternata of Loureiro, published with a
description in 1790, some fourteen years earlier than the date of
Willdenow's work. In view of the many difficulties involved in
the interpretation of some of Loureiro's species, until recently I
myself have refrained from attempting final disposition of his names.
At last, however, these difficulties have been overcome and a cer-
tain and conclusive treatment becomes possible.
Loureiro described two species of Bidens, namely B. pilosa L.
and 5. bipinnata L., and two of Coreopsis, namely C. leucorrhiza Lour,
and C. biternata Lour. The first two may be passed over, since they
were admittedly not new species and since the known occurrence
of these two species in the region mentioned by Loureiro (Cochin-
China and China) tends to confirm the identity of the Loureiro
plants. The third species, Coreopsis leucorrhiza Lour., has recently
been referred (Bot. Gaz. 86: 443. 1928) to Bidens pilosa var. minor
(Bl.) Sherff.
The fourth species, C. biternata Lour., was known to Loureiro
under the Annamese dialectic name Ca ap chioc,1 and he stated that
1 Loureiro "lived at Hue for approximately thirty-five years, this town being
the ancient capital of the kingdom of Cochin China, now a part of French Indo-
China. I assume that the limits of the old kingdom of Cochin China were approxi-
mately the limits of the Province of Annam Anam, to-day, in French Indo-China.
On leaving Hue, Loureiro proceeded to Canton and spent two or three years there
before proceeding to Lisbon. . . . Loureiro tried to indicate in his native names as
between Annamese (indicated by the letter 'a') and Chinese names (really in
Mandarin) by the letter 'b'. . . by China he means the general vicinity of Canton
in Kwangtung Province. . . . Generally speaking: I am of the opinion that most
of his work was done on Cochin China specimens, chiefly for the reason that he
resided so long in Cochin China and for a comparatively brief time in Canton;
and the conditions in Canton at the time of his visit were such that it would have
been impossible for him to visit any regions outside of the immediate vicinity of
the city" Dr. Elmer D. Merrill in lit. April 22, 1929.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany. Vol. XVI, Plate CVIII
BIDENS PILOSA var. CALCICOLA (Greenm.) Sherff
THE GENUS BIDENS 397
it grew in fields near Canton, China. His description follows:
"Differ, spec. Cor. foliis biternatis, ovato-lanceolatis, serratis: pani-
cula diffusa: radio sexfloro. Habitus et notae. Caulis herbaceus,
3-pedalis, erectus, 4-gonus, 4-sulcatus, integre luteus: panicula sparsa,
terminali. Radii corollae 6, neutrae. Pappus bicornis, ramosus.
Receptaculum planisculum, nudum."
His character for the foliage, biternatis, shows at once that he
was dealing with the same plant that Willdenow treated under the
name Bidens chinensis. His "pappus bicornis" was doubtless merely
one of the numerous errors for which his descriptions were noted.1
His "receptaculum .... nudum" probably was based upon capitula
that had shed their achenes and chaff scales, for just previously, in
his generic description of Coreopsis, he had said "recept. paleaceum."
In my monographic study of Bidens, I have found a considerable
number of specimens from the general region traversed by Loureiro
which are listed among the foregoing "Specimens examined."2
Recently I was supplied by Dr. Elmer D. Merrill with an excerpt
from the manuscript of his "A Commentary on Loureiro's Flora
Cochinchinensis" (since published; vide Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n.
ser. 24: 391. 1935). Merrill, too, had concluded Coreopsis biternata
Lour, to be the same as Bidens chinensis Willd. Since then, he has
assisted with various desired data and has recently joined me in
publishing the new combination which this conclusion made necessary.
In a former article (Bot. Gaz. 61: 499. 1916) I have remarked
upon the good historical summary for this species, with a compre-
hensive list of synonyms, presented by 0. E. Schulz (Bot. Jahrb. 50.
Suppl.: 176. 1914). It is seen that the history of B. biternata goes
back as far as Plukenet's Phytographia of 1691. Plukenet's plant
had been received from D. Petiver, to whom it had been brought
from China. The illustration later presented by Dillenius (Bidens
latifolia hirsutior, semine angustiore, radiato — Hort. Eltham. 51,
pi. 43. 1732) was deceivingly like B. biternata, although with leaves
somewhat narrower. The plant of the Dillenian Herbarium at Oxford
("no. 43.51.51") is found to be really Bidens pilosa L., however,
and so the Dillenian name must be excluded from synonymy.3
1 Occasionally the pappus is tricornis and it may very well be that he had so
spelled the word on sending it to the printer for the first edition. In any case this
error was not corrected in the second edition.
2 These mostly bear my herbarium determination, Bidens chinensis Willd. or,
incorrectly as to Linnaeus (see discussion in text), (L.) Willd.
3 In August, 1924, I examined Dillenius' plant at Oxford very carefully. The
two somewhat biternata-\ike leaves which, in the illustration, had caused 0. E.
Schulz, myself, and others to refer the Dillenian plate to B. biternata (or its syn-
398 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
The Rumphius plate, showing an entire fruiting plant from Amboina,
or a neighboring island, is very good and matches precisely, in its
individual aspect, many of the plants collected in that general region
in recent years. Varietally, however, it might profitably be regarded
as different from much of the B. biternata in other parts of the
Eastern Hemisphere, were there not here so many intergradations
as to make varietal distinctions in probably all cases, except for var.
glabrata, impossible. We may add that Rumphius' plate is partic-
ularly important because it is directly to that plate that Willde-
now's two synonyms lead (Willdenow did not cite B. pilosa var.
chinensis L. as a synonym!).
In several hundred herbarium determinations I have unfortu-
nately followed 0. E. Schulz in appending "(L.) Willd." to the name
there used (B. chinensis). As even Schulz admitted, the varietal
name as first published by Linnaeus in the Mantissa (p. 281. 1771)
was based upon cultivated material, which, from the Linnean descrip-
tion, was doubtless B. pilosa var. minor Sherff. The Linnean Her-
barium has several sheets pinned together in the Bidens pilosa cover.
One is labeled "Bidens 5 pilosa"; a second, "Bidens pilosa variety";
a third, "HU Radio albo" ; a fourth has on its back, "Rumph. amb. 6
t. 15." This fourth sheet has a plant with five heads, two of them
fruiting, and a separate leaf at one side. The leaf is 5-partite, with
the two basal leaflets each 2-partite because of an ovate leaflet on the
lower side. Examination of this material in 1914 and again in 1924
convinced me that this fourth sheet is of a merely freakish form of
B. pilosa var. minor, and not B. chinensis Willd. Hence Linnaeus'
name may well be left out of consideration here, and Willdenow, who
fortunately cited only the Systema Vegetabilium (ed. 13, p.) 610 1 for
his basis, may properly be given sole credit.
As stated previously (Bot. Gaz. loc. cit.), the figure in Plukenet's
Phytographia was cited by Tausch (Flora 19 : 395. 1836) for his Bidens
Cicutaefolia. A study of his context (some of which, unfortunately,
was not included in the manuscript copy before me at the previous
writing) shows that Tausch primarily was describing several species
of Bidens cultivated in gardens under the name of B. bipinnata and
that then, in the case of his B. Cicutaefolia, he added the Plukenet
reference. Under these circumstances, the Plukenet reference may
onym, B. chinensis), were detached from the main specimen and might have
belonged to another specimen. At any rate, the main specimen was very clearly
and positively Bidens pilosa L.
1 A work that omits Linnaeus' varietal name chinensis published three years
earlier and rests the variety directly upon Rumphius' Agrimonia molucca.
Field Musuum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CIX
BIDENS PILOSA var. CALCICOLA (Greenm.) Sherff (figs, a, c-j); f. DISSECTA Sherff (fig. b)
BIDENS AEQUISQUAMA (Fern.) Sherff (figs, k-t)
Of THt
UNIVERSITY 8f
THE GENUS BIDENS 399
properly be discarded and Tausch's description itself,1 which con-
flicts with B. biternata as to achenes, be used instead. This course
led me some time ago to the conclusion that Tausch's B. Cicutaefolia
was probably a mere form of B. bipinnata L., a conclusion since
confirmed by examination of Tausch's own specimen (cult.) of
B. Cicutaefolia (Lps.).
The species B. biternata is usually distinguished easily from
typical B. pilosa by the leaves, the lower leaflets in the former
commonly being tripartite, not simple. The external involucral
bracts and the achenes also are usually distinct.
Gaudichaud's B. peduncularis, collected on Freycinet's voyage,
at the Island of Rawak of the Molucca Islands, is B. biternata. It is
of interest as having come from the same group of islands as Rum-
phius' Agrimonia molucca.* All through that region B. biternata is
common.
Miquel (Fl. Nederl. 2: 78. 1856) refers Agrimonia molucca Rumph.
to B. peduncularis Gaud, "(nisi ad praec. /3. [i.e., B. Wallichii var.
bimensis Miq.])." It is true that Miquel erroneously equated B.
sandvicensis Less, with B. peduncularis Gaud, but in this he doubt-
less was merely following DeCandolle's earlier treatment (Prodr. 5:
598. 1836). Interesting it is, then, to find that as early as 1856
Miquel had come almost to the point of synonymizing the two
names of Moluccan plants with each other and with B. Wallichii DC.
Of Bidens Wallichii DC. many authentic specimens are extant
today and they all are seen to be very definitely B. biternata. Thus,
for example, six uniform sheets of material occur in Berlin (Berl.).
These were collected by Wight, Prone, Tavoy, etc., and all are B.
biternata. They all are of the old Wallich distribution No. 3189,
cited by DeCandolle for his B. Wallichii. C. B. Clarke (Compos.
Ind. 141. 1876) reduced B. Wallichii to a variety of B. pilosa L.
but later, on a herbarium sheet in Kew Herbarium, admitted his
error in so doing.3
B. Wallichii var. bimensis Miq. was described from a specimen
collected by Rheinwardt on the Island of Bima, considerably to the
1 "Foliis bipinnatisectis glabris, laciniis ovatis dentatis, caule stricto, floribus
corymbosis subradiatis, involucre appresso, achaeniis erectis 2-aristatis."
2 For further data see under B. sandvicensis Less. (p. 123, footnote 1).
3 On the herbarium label for H. Collett 816, Clarke wrote, "I erred about these
two Indian Bidens ([sic] in my Comp. Indicae) and Sir J. D. Hfooker] unfortu-
nately 'followed' me.
"Bidens pilosa Linn, is B. leucantha Willd. and has the ray white. B. Wallichii
DC. has the ray yellow (and smaller) as well as different leaves and is a good species.
C. B. Clarke. 11 May 1894."
400 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
southwest of the Molucca Islands. From its description,1 it appears
to differ in no important respect from ordinary B. biternata.
B. chinensis f. simplicifolia 0. E. Schulz was based on Henry's
No. 388 from the Province of Hupeh, China. It is merely a small,
poorly developed form. The leaves are simple, as happens also in B.
pilosa, B. tripartita, and many other similar species when the growth
conditions are poor. One may well doubt the wisdom of assigning
indiscriminately to formal or varietal rank the many impoverished
or otherwise retarded forms of this nature that are found repeatedly
among herbarium specimens.2
Bidens pinnata Noronha (Verh. Batav. Gen. 5 [ed. 1.] Art. IV[?]
8. 1790) is listed without description but with the Java synonym
Harruga. It probably was either B. biternata or B. pilosa var.
minor, both of these plants being known in Java, probably without
distinction, under the name Harruga.
LeVeill£ (loc. cit.) cited as the type for B. Robertianaefolia LeVl.
& Vant., a plant collected in Corea by Taquet: Island of Quelpaert,
in uncultivated places at Hongno, September 23, 1908. There exist
fine specimens with these data in Geneva and Berlin (Taquet 969,
Del.; Berl.). They are B. biternata.
Plants by Bretschneider, David, etc., from the neighborhood of
Peking, China, display a remarkable approach or transition through
their more decompound and membranaceous leaves and their fre-
quently narrower and fewer-flowered heads to B. bipinnata L. (or
are even suggestive of the North American B. Bigelovii Gray and B.
leptocephala Sherff). A slightly similar approach is made rarely by
plants collected elsewhere (e.g., Macgillivray 63, Lizard Isl.).
Bidens biternata var. 13. glabrata (Vatke) Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 90: 389. 1930.
Bidens abyssinica var. glabrata Vatke, Linnaea 39: 500. 1875.
Bidens pilosa var. glabrata Vatke ex Engler, Hochgebfl. Trop. Afr.
437. 1892.
Bidens lasiocarpa 0. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl. 185. 1914.
Herba caule glabrata, 3-7 dm. alta. Folia tenuiter petiolata
petiolis 1-4 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-14 cm. longa, tripartita vel
1 "Var. 0 bimensis, folia fere omnia 2-3-jugq-pinnatisecta, segmentis argute
serratis et profunde incisis, hinc passim subpinnatifidis, achaenia ext. mediis multo
breviora, radii pappi 3 vel saepe 2 vel 4 inaequales."
2 The sheet of Henry 388 bears two specimens, the larger, second one having
the leaves tripartite and resembling those of B. cylindrica Sherff.
THE GENUS BIDENS 401
rarius quinquepartita rarius bipinnata; foliolis plus minusve glabris,
ovato-lanceolatis, serratis vel crenato-dentatis vel crenato-incisis,
membranaceis. Capitula corymbosa, subradiata, ad anthesin 4-6
mm. alta et 4-8 mm. lata, demum 1.8-2.6 cm. alta et 1.5-2.5 cm. lata,
pedunculata pedunculis tenuibus crassisve et 4-12 cm. longis. Invo-
lucrum plus minusve pilosum; bracteis plerumque subaequalibus
demum 6-11 mm. longis, exterioribus (6-9) anguste linearibus cilia-
tisque rarius interiores multo superantibus. Flores ligulati perpauci
(2 vel 3), minuti, subalbidi, saepe deficientes. Flores disci plerumque
ad apicem quadridentati, rarius quinquedentati. Achaenia linearia,
recta vel moderate recurvata, nigra, tetragona; exteriora scabrido-
hispida, rarius 4- plerumque 3-aristata, 7-14 mm. longa; interiora
elongata, plerumque 4-, rariter 3-6-aristata, corpore usque ad 2.5
cm. longa; aristis retrorsum hamosis, 2-4 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Wilhelm Schimper, No. 105, in
Abyssinia, 1854. l
Distribution: Widely and sparingly scattered in Japan, Corea,
northeastern China (Province of Shan-tung), British East India,
Arabian Peninsula (Ye"men); in Africa from Abyssinia, where
especially common, Egypt, Dar Fur, and Nigeria southward inter-
mittently to Natal and German Southwest Africa; also islands of
Borneo, Reunion, Cape Verde, etc. Much less common than the
species proper and than its own f . abyssinica.
Specimens examined:2 Andrea Bellini 330, Eritrea, October 30,
1910 (Flor.); (Emilia Chiovenda 1120 and 1539fo's, both from Gondar,
1 Vatke (loc. cit.) states: "Adest in coll. a. 1854 n. 105. e Gaha Meda prope
Dschadscha, a Schweinfurthio Beitr. 142 cum var. altera (quadriaristata Hochst.
fide ejusdam) n. 305 e Gageros confusa, a qua primo intuitu diversissima;
nostra transitum praebere videtur ad B. bipinnatum L. a Kotschyo in Nubia
repertum, cui forte stirps abyssinica reducenda." The Berlin Herbarium has three
sheets of Schimper 105, but my manuscript gives these as from alt. 1,200-1,500
meters, Gageros, Abyssinia, September 16, 1854. On the other hand, the several
specimens of Schimper 305 studied (vide sub f. abyssinica) were noted as coming
from Gaha-Meda near Dschadscha, Abyssinia, October 22, 1854. My manuscript
does not differentiate for these Nos. 105 and 305 the var. glabrata or its f . abyssinica.
2 In addition to the specimens here cited may be given the following, which
belong either to the variety glabrata or to its f. abyssinica but which had been
studied before it was decided to differentiate the two forms: J. T. Bent, alt. 900-
1,200 meters, seacoast of Nubia at about 21° N. Lat., 1896 (Kew) ; Boivin, Isl. Bour-
bon (Kew) ; Botta, Yemen, Asiatic Turkey (Arabian Peninsula), 1837 (Par.) ; J. Car-
doso 103, Cape Verde Isls., 1895 (Kew); W. R. Carles 219, Chemulpo, Corea (Kew);
C. B. Clarke 21969B, Patankot (Pathankote), India, September 9, 1874 (Webb);
N. H. Cowdry 894, roadside, moist locality, Che-foo, July, 1920 (Kew); idem
896, north end of sand spit, Che-foo (Chi-fu), Prov. Shan-tung, China, August
6, 1920 (Kew); Deflers 231, alt. 1,200 meters, Wadi Hidjan, Usil, Yemen, Asiatic
Turkey (Arabian Peninsula), May 6, 1887 (Boiss.); idem 428, alt. 1,900 meters,
Wadi Schidja, Menakha, Yemen, May 16, 1887 (Boiss.); DeWitte 2118, tropical
East Africa, November 27, 1934 (Bruss.); F. V. Dickins 652, Yokohama, Japan,
402 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Dembia, Prov. Amhara, Abyssinia, were formerly referred here; they
are the f . abyssinica;) E. Chiovenda 1234, Gondar, July 30, 1909 (Flor.) ;
idem 1834, Dembia, September 3, 1909 (Flor.); idem 2161, Abyssinia,
September 20, 1909 (Flor.; sub nom. B. abyssinica var. glabrata L
nemorali) ; idem 2409, Gondar, October 7, 1909 (Flor.) ; (Adriano Fiori
1832 and 1833, both collected in Eritrea, January, 1909, were for-
merly referred here but on reexamination are seen to be the f.
abyssinica;} Adriano Fiori 1834, alt. 2,330 meters, Asmara, Eritrea,
commun. May, 1876 (Kew) ; W. J. Dowson 194, Nairobi, British East Africa (Kew) ;
J. F. Duthie 3054, alt. 2,400-2,700 meters, Kali Valley, Kumaon (Kumaun), north-
western India, September 16, (1886?; Boiss.); Bertha Fritzsche 93, grassy plains,
Humpata, Angola, May, 1903 (Berl.); Miss A. E. Gairdner 577, Sesheki District,
Rhodesia, April (Kew); John Gossweiler 5438, Angola, January 28, 1912 (Brit.);
J. M. Hildebrandt 415, alt. 1,500 meters, under bushes, Habab, Abyssinia, Sep-
tember, 1872 (Mus. V., 2 sheets); V.Jacquemont 879', India (Par., 3 sheets); idem
884' and 886, eodem loco (Par.); Kotschy 79, along pools of rain water at eastern
foot of Mt. Arasch-Cool, Nubia (Kordofan), September 30, 1839 (Kew); idem 135,
in wet places near Arasch-Cool, Nubia, August, 1837 (Kew; Mus. V.); idem 325,
Nile River near Sennar, Khartum region, 1837 (vide p. 405; Coss.; Mus. V.; forma
foliorum lobis acrioribus et a Schz. Bipont. ipso Bidens laciniata dicta); Krauss
11, Port Natal, Natal, 1840 (Del.; Kew); H. V. Lely 267, Neill's Valley, east of
Naraguta Government Station, Nigeria, June 15, 1921 (Kew); idem 600, Kadaura,
northern Nigeria, September 19, 1921 (Kew, 2 sheets); H. Lynes 609, alt. 1,080
meters, Kulme, Dar-Fur Prov., Sudan, September 27, 1921 (Kew); D. T. Mac-
Dougal & G. Sykes 134, alt. 780 meters, northern Africa, January 25, 1912 (Brit.);
R. E. Massey 60, Gondar and vicinity, Abyssinia (Kew) ; Maximowicz, Her secun-
dum, Yokohama, Japan, 1862 (Berl.; Flor.; Gray; Kew; Mun.; Mus. V.); Richard
Oldham 411 pro parte, Nagasaki, Japan, 1862 (Berl.; Cop.; Del.; Flor.; Mun.;
Mus. V.; Par., etc.; pro parte parva cum B. tripartite commixta); Petit, Abyssinia
(Berl., 2 sheets); 'Pfund 204, Katul Gambar, northeastern Africa, September 8,
1895 (Kew); Quar tin-Dillon, Memsa, Abyssinia (Par.); idem & Petit, eodem loco
(Par.); Rohr55, Abyssinia, April, 1842 (Kew); W. Schimper 196, Abyssinia (Berl.);
idem 285 and 288, alt. 1,800 meters, Scholloda, Prov. Tigre, Abyssinia, September
24, 1862 (Berl.; Brit.; "Landplage fur wanderer vom October bis Januar weil
sich die Fruchte in die Kleider einstechten"); idem 305, alt. 1,800 meters, Gaha-
Meda near Dschadscha, Abyssinia, October 22, 1854 (Berl., 2 sheets; Del.; Mus.
V.); idem 321, Abyssinia, October, 1841 (Berl.); idem 337 (type, Par.: cotypes,
Berl., 2 sheets; Brit.; Del., 3 sheets; Hamb.; Kew, 3 sheets; Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V.;
U.V.; nom. abyssinicum, Zellim Tannag); idem 912, Abyssinia, October 10, 1852
(Par., 4 sheets); idem 1427, everywhere near Djeladjeranne, Abyssinia, September
20, 1840 (Berl.; Del., 3 sheets; Kew, 3 sheets; Kiel; Mo.; Mun., 2 sheets; Mus. V.;
Par.); idem 1475, alt. 1,500 meters, on mountains, Dscha-Dscha, Abyssinia,
September 28, 1854 (Del.; Mus. V.; U.V.); idem (similiter) 1475, eodem loco,
August 22, 1853 (Par., 3 sheets); idem 1986, near Djeladjeranne (Par.); idem 2181,
alt. 1,500 meters, mountains near Dschadscha, September 28, 1854 (Brit.; Del.;
Gray; Kew; Mus. V., 3 sheets); idem 2324, alt. 1,200 meters, mountains prope
Gageros, Abyssinia, September 16, 1854 (Brit.; Del.; Kew; Mus. V., 3 sheets; sub
nom. var. incisifolia); C. Schultz Bipontinus, cultivated, December 6, 1856 (Del.);
G. Schweinfurth 419 p.p., Kanka, near Cairo, Egypt, September 25, 1864 (Brit.);
idem 420, Matamma, Abyssinia, October 6, 1865 (Berl., 2 sheets; Brit.; Kew;
Mus. V.); idem 1619 and 1643, upper lava valley, Eritrea, 1891 (Boiss.); idem &
D. Riva 458, Mt. Farakh near, and 477 at Ailet, Eritrea, February 18, 1892
(Boiss.); F. Seiner 509, alt. 1,350 meters, German Southwest Africa, April 14, 1911
(Berl.); Stocks 608, Distr. Scinde, India (type of Bidens lasiocarpa O. E. Schz.,
Berl); Thwaites 3583, Ceylon (Mus. V.); U. S. S. Pacif. Ex-pi. Exped. under
Capt. Wilkes, Cape Verde Isls., 1838-1842 (Phila.); Wight 1606, India (Berl.; Cop.;
Kew; Mus. V.).
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CX
BIDENS SUBALTERNANS DC.
w «»»»
THE GENUS BIDENS 403
Nov. 15, 1909 (Flor.); Giovanni Negri 667, alt. about 1,900 meters,
Scioa, June 17, 1909 (Flor.); A. Papyri 821, alt. about 2,480 meters,
Altipiano di Gheleba, Scimenzana, Eritrea, September 22, 1902
(Flor.); idem 3040, alt. about 500 meters, Assaorta Cuale-Enrot,
Eritrea, March 18, 1893 (Flor.); idem 4128, alt. about 600 meters,
Valle Damas, Ocul£ Cusai, Eritrea, April 14, 1893 (Flor.); idem
6011, Monte Damba, Beni-Amer, Eritrea, September 10-25, 1903
(Flor.); idem 7252, altitude about 1,600 meters, Adi Ghebsus,
Medri Od Tesfa, Eritrea, November 2, 1906 (Flor.); idem 7680,
alt. 800 meters, along the Gherhen River, Beni Amer, Eritrea,
October 1, 1907 (Flor.) ; idem 8524, alt. about 1,326 meters, Beggiuch,
near Adi Mendad, Bogos, Eritrea, September 29, 1909 (Flor.);
G. Schweinfurth & D. Riva 804, alt. 2,200 meters, environs of Saga-
neiti, Eritrea, March 7, 1892 (Boiss.); A. Tettini 292, Altipiano-
Asmara, Eritrea, October 1-10, 1903 (Flor.).
In proposing as a new species his Bid-ens lasiocarpa, Schulz empha-
sized (in key, op. cit. 87) the fact that the outer achenes are more or
less recurved and commonly very densely hirtous, but this character
is present equally well in the type material of B. biternata var. glabrata
and its f. abyssinica, where it seems to have been overlooked by him.
Moreover, B. lasiocarpa has long achenes, as in the type material
of var. glabrata and, as a whole, is too closely connected by inter-
mediate forms in the herbaria to rank as a separate species. B. lasio-
carpa appears to bear somewhat the same relationship to the var.
glabrata as is borne by the peculiar local form found about Peking,
China, cited under the species proper, to the species itself. In both
cases there is a gradation of the foliage toward the more membrana-
ceous and more decompound type possessed by Bidens bipinnata L.
Bidens biternata var. glabrata f. 1. abyssinica (Schz. Bip.)
Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 389. PI. C.
Bidens abyssinica Schz. Bip. in Walp. Repert. 6: 167. 1846-1847.
Bidens abyssinica var. quadriaristata Hochst. ex Schweinfurth, Beitr.
Fl. Aethiop. 142. 1867 (nomen subnudum).
Bidens laciniata Schz. Bip. ex Schweinf. op. cit. 283 (nomen).
Bidens quadriseta Hochst. ex Oliv. & H. in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr.
3: 393. 1877.
Bidens abyssinica var. incisifolia Hochst. loc. cit. (nomen nudum) .
Bidens pilosa var. quadriseta (Hochst.) Schweinf. ex Engler, Hochge-
birgsfl. Trop. Afr. 437. 1892.
404 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens pilosa var. abyssinica (Schz. Bip.) Fiori, Nuov. Giorn. Bot.
Ital. n. ser. 20: 390. 1913.
Bidens chinensis var. abyssinica (Schz. Bip.) 0. E. Schulz, Bot.
Jahrb. 50, Suppl. 180. 1914.
A var. glabrata caule piloso tomentoso-hirtove foliolis dense tomen-
toso-pilosis vel subhirtis involucre plerumque dense hirto differt.
Type specimen: Collected by Wilhelm Schimper, No. 337, in
stony places on the mountains and in the valleys near Adowa (Adoa)
and everywhere in front of Djeladjeranne (Tche'latche'kanne' fide
A. Richardii, Tent. Fl. Abyssin. 1: 414, 415, etc., 1847; etiam Dsche-
ladscheranne), Abyssinia, September 19, 1837 (Par.).
Distribution: With the var. glabrata and much more common.
Specimens examined:1 Chiovenda 1120, Gondar, Prov. Amhara,
Abyssinia, July 26, 1909 (Flor.); idem 15396is, eodem loco, August
21, 1909 (Flor.); Adriano Fiori 1832, alt. 960 meters, Ghinda,
Hamasen region, Eritrea, January 14, 1909 (Flor.); idem 1833,
Damas, Eritrea, January 13, 1909 (Flor.); A. Pappi 6105, along the
Mai Albo, Dembelas, Eritrea, September 25, 1903 (Flor.); Schimper
337 (type, Par.: cotypes, Berl., 2 sheets; Brit.; Del., 2 sheets; Kew,
3 sheets; Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V.; U.V.).
Some of Schimper's original specimens, on which were founded
the names Bidens abyssinica, B. abyssinica var. quadriaristata, and
B. quadriseta, are densely hairy forms with tripartite leaves and
conspicuously large fruiting heads. In leaf characters they might
be confused with B. pilosa L.; their achenes and involucral bracts,
however, are very distinct. Some cotypes of "B. abyssinica" (Brit.,
etc.) show leaves more incisely toothed or lobed and approaching
more or less closely those of B. biternata proper. The fruit characters
sometimes seem too distinctive to warrant reducing "B. abyssinica"
to subordinate rank under B. biternata as proposed by 0. E. Schulz,
but the great number of intergradations observed in various her-
barium specimens appears to compel some such course.
The varietal name incisifolia was given originally to specimens
of Schimper 2328, described (Oliver, loc. cit.) as having "rather
more deeply cut lobes." The authentic sheet of this number at Kew,
however, marked "Fl. Afr. Trop. iii p. 393," has none of its leaves
incisely toothed to a noticeable degree.
1 Here belong also the majority of the specimens which are cited on p. 401,
footnote 2.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXI
/' a
BIDENS DOMINGENSIS O. E. Schulz
Of
«•***
THE GENUS BIDENS 405
B. abyssinica var. quadriaristata Hochst. ex Schweinf. was
published without description, but based upon W. Schimper 729,
ad Gageros, September 16, 1854, etc. I have not seen this number,
but the data given by Schweinfurth are essentially the same as those
for Schimper 105 and 2324 already cited. Oliver and Hiern (in
Oliv. loc. cit.) cited this varietal name as a synonym for Bidens
quadriseta, but of course did not thus validate it as a varietal name,
nor did the varietal nomen incisi/olia receive valid publication.
Bidens laciniata Schz. Bip. ex Schweinf. was a nomen applied to
Kotschy 325. The material in Schultz Bipontinus' private herbarium
(Par.) had been received from the Vienna Botanical Garden. This
and also the more ample specimen in Vienna (Mus. V.) are the
f. abyssinica.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCIX, FIGS, a, C-m
Bidens biternata: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.7;
c, exterior involucral bract, X4.91; d, interior involucral bract,
X4.91; e, f with g, h, ray florets (h having rudiments in throat),
X4.91; i, palea, X4.91;;, disc floret, X4.91; k, I, m, achenes, X4.21;
a, c-g, i-k, from Wenzel 302, in Hb. Field; h, I, m, from Clarke 22374,
in Hb. Brit.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE C
Bidens biternata var. glabrata f. abyssinica: a (lower), 6 (upper),
portions of fruiting plant, X0.65; c, exterior involucral bract, X2.6;
d, interior involucral bract, X2.6; e, palea, X2.6; /, disc floret (4-
lobed), X2.6; g (outer), h (inner), achenes, Xl.95; a-e, g, h, from
Schimper 2181 (Bidens quadriseta Hochst.), in Hb. Kew; /, from
Schimper 2324, ibid.
127. Bidens Engleri 0. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl.
186. 1914. PI. XCI, figs. a-f.
Herba gracilis, erecta, 2-3 dm. alta; caule tetragono, glabro,
ramoso, 1.5-2 mm. diametro. Folia petiolata petiolis tenuibus 1^4 cm.
longis, petiolo adjecto principalia 3.5-10 cm. longa, plerumque
simplicia et ovato-lanceolata, membranacea, serrata dentibus acriter
apiculatis, margine ciliata, faciebus glabrata vel sparsissime adpresso-
pilosa. Capitula ramos tenues plerumque nudos usque ad 8 cm.
longos terminantia, discoidea, ad anthesin 2.5-5 mm. alta et 2.5-4.5
mm. lata. Involucri bracteae exteriores 3-5, lineares, apicem versus
dilatatae, apice acutae, margine serrato-ciliatae, faciebus glabrae
vel hispidae, 1-2 mm. longae et 0.3-0.6 mm. latae; interiores lanceo-
latae, apice rotundato-obtusae vel subacutae, multo longiores.
406 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Achaenia anguste oblongo-linearia, obcompressa, subtetragona, atra,
glabra, omnino circ. 8-sulcata, corpore 1.2-1.6 cm. longa et circ.
1 mm. lata, bi- vel triaristata1 aristis tenuibus, retrorsum hamosis,
2.5-4 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Georg Schweinfurth, No. 2596,2 in
forest called Genena, near Seriba Ghattas, District of Jur (Djur),
Province of Bahr-el-Ghazal, English-Egyptian Sudan, November 8,
1869 (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Province of
Bahr-el-Ghazal, English-Egyptian Sudan.
Specimens examined: Schweinfurth 2596 (type, Berl.: cotypes,
Boiss.; Mun.; Mus. V.; Par.).
An African species comparable to Bidens tenera of northern
South America. The plants of the type collection all are less than
3 dm. high, and practically all the leaves are undivided. Hispid
outer achenes are lacking and the exterior involucral bracts are
mostly about 3 or 4 in number, 1-2 mm. long and spatulate, with
the margin, except near the base, minutely serrate. The achenes,
which tend to be rather parallel-sided throughout their length and
hence oblong-linear, are unique in appearance.
With B. Engleri Schulz identified an apparently different form,
Chevalier 2816, here referred to B. cylindrica Sherff.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCI, FIGS, a-/
Bidens Engleri: a, entire flowering and fruiting plant, X0.6;
6, exterior involucral bract, X6; c, interior involucral bract, X6;
d, palea, X6; e, disc floret, X6;/, achene, X2.4; all from type.
128. Bidens tenera 0. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl.
186. 1914. PI. GUI, figs. i-o.
Involucri bracteae exteriores circ. 4; achaeniis 2-4- plerumque
3-aristatis B. tenera sensu stricto.
Involucri bracteae exteriores circ. 7 vel 8; achaeniis normaliter
4-aristatis var. /3. paucidertfata.
Herba annua, tenera, 1-3.5 dm. alta; caule tenui, tetragono,
0.75-1 mm. crasso, subglabro, simplici vel parce ramoso. Folia
petiolata petiolis 1-3 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 3-11 cm. longa,
1 A search through three sheets of type and cotype material shows no achenes
with "4" aristae as stated by Schulz, loc. cit.
2 Erroneously given by Schulz, loc. cit., as 259h, because the type label had
had the number carelessly inserted. Labels elsewhere give the number distinctly
as 2596.
'ield Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXII
BIDENS MALMEI Sherfl
.
OF THt
UNJYEHSITY Of IUIHOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 407
saepe simplicia, valde membranacea, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata,
ad apicem acuminata vel interdum acuta, basi rotundata vel trun-
cata, argute serrata dentibus plerumque mucronulatis, ciliata, supra
setis brevibus sparsissime vestita (interdum principalia trifoliolata,
foliolo terminal! foliis simplicibus aequali, foliolis lateralibus moderate
minoribus, ovatis, acutis, sessilibus, 1-2.5 cm. longis et 1-1.5 cm.
latis; rarissime irregulariter quinquepartita) . Capitula perpauca,
non perspicua, discoidea, pauciflora 6-15 (vel etiam -20) floribus
tubulosis, ad anthesin 3.5-5 mm. alta et 3-6 mm. lata. Involucri
basis hispida; bracteis exterioribus circ. 4, late linearibus vel lineari-
spathulatis, ad apicem subdilatatum obtusiusculis sed mucronulatis,
breviter ciliatis praesertim basim versus, circ. 4 mm. longis, quam
interioribus vix brevioribus. Achaenia linearia, nigra, recta vel vix
recurvata, subtetragona vel obcompresso-tetragona, omnino circ.
8-sulcata, glabra, corpore 1.2-1.5 cm. longa, quam paleae multo
longiora, 2-4- (plerumque 3-) aristata; aristis viridi-flavidis, retror-
sum hamosis, 2-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen : Collected by Henri Francois Pittier, No. 4528,
in forests of Boruca, Costa Rica, November, 1891 (Berl., 2 sheets).
Distribution: Costa Rica; Colombia eastward to French Guiana
and southward to State of Minas Geraes, Brazil.
Specimens examined: Burchell 8848, tropical Brazil (Kew);
Nicholas Funck 424, Minca, Dept. Magdalena, Colombia, Novem-
ber-December, 1842 (Boiss.; Kew; Mus. V.; Petrop.); idem 431,
Caracas, Venezuela, 1843 (Del.; Par.; forma parce typica) ; Gabriel,
French Guiana, 1802 (Del.); George Gardner 3849, shady banks of
streams, Goyaz, Brazil, March, 1840 (Kew, 2 sheets); ex Hort. Par.,
cult. (Del., sub. nom. Ceratocephalo Vaill.); H. F. Pittier 4528
(type, Berl., 2 sheets: cotypes, Brit.; Gray); idem 9140, Guaremales,
Venezuela, December 10, 1920 (Del.; Gray; achaeniis vix typica);
ex herb. L. C. Richardii, French Guiana (Par., sub nom. Bidente
trifoliolata); H. H. Smith 512, alt. 150 meters, observed only in
damp woods near river at Masinga, Santa Marta, Colombia, Novem-
ber, 1898-1901 (Berl.; Brit.; Cam.; Del.; Field; Kew; Mo.; N.Y.;
Par.; Ph\\a.); Eugene Warming, Picao, Minas Geraes, Brazil, January
26, 1865 (Cop., foliis 5-partitis); idem 643 pro parte, on calcareous
rocks, Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, March 28, 1864 (Cop.).
A species with very delicate, membranaceous foliage, a character
easily explained by the sylvan habitat. The peduncles are mostly
very slender and the fruiting heads suggest those of Bidens Engleri
0. E. Schulz.
408 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens tenera var. /3. paucidentata (0. E. Schulz) Sherff, Bot.
Gaz. 89: 362. 1930.
Bidens Ekmanii et var. paucidentata 0. E. Schulz in Urban, Repert.
Sp. Nov. 26: 111. 1929.
Bidens tenera var. tetracera Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 88: 293. 1929.
Capitula discoidea ad anthesin 4-5 mm. alta et pariter lata.
Involucri bracteae exteriores circ. 7 vel 8, lineares, tergo fere glabrae,
margine ciliatae, sub apice interdum subdilatatae, apice ipso suba-
cutae, circ. 3 mm. longae; interiores lanceolatae, 4-5 mm. longae.
Achaenia 15-30, linearia, fere usque ad apicem atra, apice ipso
straminea, corpore tetragona atque 1-1.5 cm. longa, circ. 0.5-0.65
mm. crassa, superne sensim attenuata, glabra, unica facie (4 facie-
rum) 2-sulcata, apice quadriaristata aristis tenuibus, 2-3 mm. longis,
retrorsum hamis elongatis tenuibus albidis hamosis.
Type specimen: Collected by Erik L. Ekman, No. 10022, in
Province of Oriente, Cuba (Stockh.).
Distribution: Known only from Cuba and Bolivia.
Specimens examined: Otto Buchtien 4182, alt. 1,300 meters,
Milluguaya, North Yungas, Bolivia, December, 1917 (U.S., type of
var. tetracera Sherff); Ekman 3398, on the forest path between
Sabana Resusna and Sabana Niranda, Prov. Oriente, Cuba, Novem-
ber 5, 1914 (Stockh.; type of Bidens Ekmanii 0. E. Schz.); idem
10022 (type, Stockh.) ; H. Pittier 10222, alt. 800-1,000 meters, around
Caracas, Venezuela, March 10, 1922 (Gray; N.Y.; U.S.).
Differs from the species proper in its more numerous achenes,
these quadriaristate and upwardly attenuated, not triaristate nor
almost parallel-sided throughout. The general aspect is that of a
thin-leaved form of Bidens pilosa L. as to foliage and of B. bipinnata
L. as to fruiting heads.
Bidens tenera var. tetracera, published in November, 1929,
was found to have been antedated several months by the equivalent
B. Ekmanii 0. E. Schulz and its so-called var. paucidentata, both of
Cuba. The type specimens of B. Ekmanii and its var. paucidentata
are now before me (through the kindness of Dr. Gunnar Samuelsson,
Director of the Botanical Section of the Natural History Royal
Museum of Stockholm). They differ mutually to an insignificant
extent, nor are they separable from the South American specimens
described for B. tenera var. tetracera.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CIII, FIGS, i-0
Bidens tenera: i, entire small flowering and fruiting plant, X0.7;
j, tripartite leaf, X0.7; k, exterior involucral bract, X5.56; I, interior
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXIII
E. E. SHSRFF DEL,
h e
BIDENS CYNAPIIFOLIA H.B.K.
Of
THE GENUS BIDENS 409
involucral bract, X5.56; m, palea, X5.56; n, disc floret, X5.56; o,
achene, X3.48; i, k-o, from H. H. Smith 512, in Hb. Field; j, from
cotype, in Hb. Gray.
129. Bidens duranginensisSherff,Bot.Gaz.70:90.pJ. 11, figs. g-m.
1920. PI. XCVI, figs. j-q.
Bidens Anthriscoides var. angustiloba DC. Prodr. 5: 601. 1836.
Herba annua, glabrata, demum circ. 6-9 dm. alta; caule sub-
tetragono, ramis acute tetragonis, longis et tenuibus, striatis, infra
minute pubescentibus. Folia petiolata petiolis (foliorum princi-
palium) 2.5-4 cm. longis et ad basim ciliatis connatisque, petiolo
adjecto 10-12 cm. longa, pinnata, serrata vel dentata (vel etiam
inciso-dentata), ciliata, foliolis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, saepe
duobus vel quattuor imis cuiusque folii tripartitis. Capitula multa,
subradiata, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis 3-8 cm. longis, ad
anthesin 4-7 mm. alta et 0.8-1.3 cm. lata, cum achaeniis 1.2-1.4 cm.
alta et 6-8 mm. lata. Involucrum basi hispidum; bracteis exteriori-
bus (circ. 8) linearibus, fere glabris, apice induratis, 2-3 mm. longis;
interioribus dimidio longioribus, anguste lanceolatis. Flores ligulati
(3-6) subalbidi, ligula anguste ovati, 4-7-striati, 4-6 mm. longi.
Achaenia linearia, atra, glabra vel supra sparsim hispida, corpore
6-12 mm. longa, apice 2^i-aristata aristis flavis et retrorsum hamosis,
1.5-2.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Edward Palmer, No. 756, on west
side of Iron Mountain, vicinity of Durango, State of Durango,
Mexico, October, 1896 (Gray).
Distribution: States of Sonora and Chihuahua to State of
Mexico, Mexico.
Specimens examined: Berlandier 875, around City of Mexico,
Federal District, September 19, 1827 (Del.; Par.; type collection of
Bidens Anthriscoides var. angustiloba DC.); Edward Palmer 612,
vicinity of Durango, State of Durango, Mexico, October, 1896
(Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Calif.; Field, 2 sheets; Gray; Kew; Mo.); idem
756 (type, Gray: cotypes, Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Calif.; Field; Kew;
Mo.; U.S.) ; /. L. Wiggins 7396, La Mina Verde, 31 km. from Cumpas,
Sonora, Mexico, September 23, 1934 (Field).
At the time that this species was described, I looked upon B.
pilosa L., B. leucantha (L.) Willd., B. bimucronata Turcz., B. odorata
Cav., and several other similar forms as representing distinct species.
B. duranginensis, therefore, was considered to be a distinct form and
clearly entitled to specific rank. Since then, examination of a vast
410 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
amount of additional material from European herbaria has com-
pelled the conclusion that these forms, while doubtless seeming
distinct in certain localities, at various places in their distributional
range intergrade so thoroughly that all hope of their specific segre-
gation must be abandoned.
This being true, the question at once arises whether B. duranginen-
sis, clearly a close relative of B. pilosa, is merely another of B. pilosa's
many varietal manifestations, or whether, like B. subalternans DC.,
B. biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff, and several other pilosoid forms,
it is a valid species. Certainly it is very close in flowers and fruits
to some undisputed forms of B. pilosa var. radiata Schz. Bip. C. V.
Hartman 113 (alt. 1,740 meters, Las Calabazas, State of Sonora,
Mexico, October 9, 1890; Gray; Kew; Penn.; Phila.) is a form which
in some specimens appears closer to the young state of B. duranginen-
sis (as typified by Palmer 612) and yet in others appears referable to
B. pilosa var. radiata. Aside from questionable approaches of this
kind, I have been unable to obtain any legitimate basis for referring
B. duranginensis to synonymy and so feel compelled to retain it as a
separate species.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCVI, FIGS, j-q
Bidens duranginensis: j, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.57;
k, exterior involucral bract, X4.56; I, interior involucral bract,
X4.56; m, ray corolla, X4.56; n, palea, X4.56; o, disc floret, X4.56;
p (outer), q (inner), achenes, X4.56; all from type.
130. Bidens pseudocosmos Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 151.
1923. PI. CI, figs. h-n.
Herba annua, erecta, glabra, ramosa, saltern 4 dm. et verisimiliter
usque ad 10 dm. alta, caule ramisque tetragonis. Folia tenuiter
petiolata petiolis 0.5-3 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2-8 cm. longa,
bipinnata, saepe ad petiolorum basim et rarius alibi hinc illinc paucis
pilis vestita, foliolis primariis 3-7, ultimis segmentis linearibus
acriter calloso-apiculatis. Capitula ramos terminantia pedunculis
3-9 cm. longis, discoidea vel obscure subradiata radiis 4-5 minutis
albido-luteis, ad anthesin minima, 4-5 mm. alta et circ. 6 mm. lata;
demum 2.5-3 cm. alta et 1-2 cm. lata. Involucrum basi hispidum;
bracteis exterioribus 6-8, anguste linearibus, ciliatis, apice acute
apiculatis, 4-6 (rarius-8) mm. longis, quam interioribus lanceolatis
manifeste brevioribus. Paleae maturae 1-1.3 cm. longae, quam
achaenia matura multo breviores. Achaenia atra, tenuissime
linearia, tetragona, exalata, supra tenuiter sed sensim elongata et
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI. Plate CXIV
c c d a
BIDENS RIPARIA H.B.K. (figs, i-p); var. REFRACTA (Brandeg.) O. E. Schulz (figs, a-h)
OF TH
6f
THE GENUS BIDENS 411
antrorsum setis stramineis hispida, infra glabra, corpore 1-2.4 cm.
longa et 0.4-0.7 mm. lata, biaristata aristis tenuibus erectis divari-
catisve stramineis retrorsum hamosis 2-3.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen : Collected by Otto Buchtien, No. 815, at altitude
of 3,300 meters, below Obraje, southeast of La Paz, Bolivia, May
10, 1919 (Field, 2 sheets).
Distribution: Central western Peru to central western Bolivia.
Specimens examined: Buchtien 815 (Field, 2 type sheets: cotypes,
Field; Gray; Hamb.; U.S.); J. F. Macbride 2904, alt. about 2,400
meters, sunny slide rock, Matucana, Peru, March 14-16, 1923
(Field); idem & Featherstone 168, alt. about 2,400 meters, gravelly
river bank, eodem loco, April 12-May 3, 1922 (Field).
A species with somewhat the aspect of Cosmos. The flowering
heads are those of Bidens, however, and the achenes are not abruptly
narrowed above into a neck or beak as in typical Cosmos. The
general habit bears a superficial resemblance to that of certain
branched forms of the North American Bidens tenuisecta Gray.
Apparently the closest ally is B. andicola var. Cosmantha L Buch-
tienii. In fact, the fruiting characters of f . Buchtienii are so similar
that at first the remarkable habit and foliage differences in B. pseudo-
cosmos were thought attributable to the fact that the specimen came
from a larger plant than the observed specimens of f. Buchtienii.
Additional sheets of B. pseudocosmos were found later, however,
bearing small, entire, fruiting plants and even here both the habit
and the foliage distinctions were found to hold true.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CI, FIGS, h-n
Bidens pseudocosmos: h, fruiting branch, X0.62; i, exterior
involucral bract, X2A8;j, interior involucral bract, X2.48; k, palea,
X2.48; /, disc floret, X4.96; m (outer), n (inner), achenes, X2.48; all
from type.
131. Bidens pseudalausensis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 26.
1917. PL XCII, figs, a-flf.
Herba verisimiliter annua, circ. 6 dm. alta (e Langlassei inscrip-
tione), ramosa; caule et ramis tetragonis et acute angulatis, striatis,
glabris. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.2-2 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto
2-7 cm. longa et 1-5.5 cm. lata, bi-tripinnatisecta, glabra; ultimis
lobis cuneato-oblanceolatis, dentatis dentibus ad apicem induratis.
Capitula terminalia, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis 1.5-6 cm.
longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 6-7 mm. alta et circ. 1.5 cm. lata.
Involucrum basi glabrum, bracteis exterioribus (circ. 8) linearibus,
412 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
ciliatis, 2-3 mm. longis; interioribus paulo longioribus, glabratis,
margine diaphanis. Flores ligulati (circ. 5) albi (e Langlasseo), in
specimine sicco luteoli, striati, ligula obovati, ad apicem lobulati
vel obtusissime dentati, 5-7 mm. longi. Achaenia linearia, nigra,
faciebus plus minusve glabra, marginibus tuberculato-hispida,
biaristata (aristis sub apice retrorsum hamosis), corpore 7-9 mm.
longa. — Differt a B. pilosa var. alausensi habitu ramorum, etc.
Type specimen: Collected by E. Langlasse, No. 541, at altitude of
580 meters, Cerro Pedregoso, El Ocote, State of Michoacan, Mexico
(DA).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in State of Michoa-
can, Mexico.
Specimens examined : Langlasse 541 (type, U.S.: cotypes, Gray;
Kew).
A species of uncertain status.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCII, FIGS,
Bidens pseudalausensis: a, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.57;
6, exterior involucral bract, X3.44; c, interior involucral bract,
X3.44; d, ray corolla, X3.44; e, palea, X3.44; /, disc floret, X3.44;
g, achene, X3.44; all from type.
132. Bidens pilosa L. Sp. PI. 832. 1753. PI. XCIX, fig. 6, and pi.
CII, figs, a, b, and e-j.
Ceratocephalus pilosus (L.) Rich. Cat. Jard. Medic. 91. 1
Bidens reflexa Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 306. 1822.
Bidens adhaerescens Veil. Fl. Flum. 348, 8. pi. 88. 1827 (pro parte).2
Bidens calif ornica DC. Prodr. 5: 599. 1836.
Bidens decussata Pav. ex DC. loc. cit.
Bidens pilosa var. b. discoidea Schz. Bip. in Barker- Webb & Berthe-
lot, Hist. Canar. Isls. Ill, 2, pt. 2: 242. 1836-1850.
Bidens ciliata Hoffmgg. ex Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop.
6:46.1839.
Bidens hirsuta Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II, 7: 369. 1841.
Bidens leucantha f. discoidea Schz. Bip. in Krauss, Beitr. Fl. Cap.
Natal. 77. 1846.
Bidens leucantha f. discoidea subf. Kraussii Schz. Bip. loc. cit.
Bidens leucantha var. pilosa (L.) Griseb. Cat. 155. 1866.
1 Ricardi liber non visus sed nomen ex O. E. Schulzio (in Urban, Symb. Antill.
7: 134. 1911) acceptum.
Spelled B. adherescens on Vellozo's plate.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXV
BIDENS SAMBUCIFOLIA Cav.
THE GENUS BIDENS 413
Kerneria pilosa (L.) Lowe Man. Fl. Madeira 1: 474. 1868.
Kerneria pilosa var. /3. discoidea (Schz. Bip.) Lowe, loc. cit.
Bidens pilosa var. I pilosa proper (L.) J. D. Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3:
309. 1881.
Bidens montaubanii Phil. Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile Bot. 1891: 49. 1891
(B. montsulani sphalm in Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1: 56. 1901-1906).
Bidens pilosa var. /3. discodea, [f.] 1. subsimplicifolia, [L] 2. ternata,
[f.] 3. pinnata, and [f.] 4. subbiternata 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
1:322. 1891.1
Bidens pilosa sub var. /3. discoidea (Schz. Bip.) Pitard in Pitard &
Proust, lies Canar. Fl. Archipel. 226. 1908.
Bidens pilosa f. subsimplicifolia 0. Ktze. and f. subbiternata 0. Ktze.
ex 0. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 133. 1911.
Bidens pilosa var. discodea f. ternata 0. Ktze. and f. pinnata 0.
Ktze. ex 0. E. Schulz, op. cit. 134.2
a. Capitula normaliter discoidea B. pilosa sensu stricto-
a. Capitula radiata radiis magnis parvisve.
6. Flores ligulati pro capitulo minuti, flavidi vel albidi, circ. 4-8
' mm. longi.
c. Foliola normaliter serrata membranaceaque, floribus ligulatis
circ. 5-8 mm. longis var. /3. minor sensu stricto.
c. Folia paucidentata ac valde membranacea, floribus ligulatis
circ. 4 mm. longis var. /3. minor f. 1. umbrosa.
b. Flores ligulati pro capitulo majores, flavidi vel albidi vel plus
minusve rosacei.
c. Capitula pansa ad anthesin 1-1.5 cm. lata.
d. Plantae principaliter mexicanae sed usque ad Colombian!
rarius extendentes.
e. Folia pinnatim vel subbipinnatim partita foliolis ovatis
lanceolatisve var. 77. calcicola sensu stricto.
e. Folia bipinnata vel etiam tripinnatisecta segmentis
linearibus vel anguste lanceolatis.
var. 77. calcicola f. 1. dissecta.
d. Plantae austro-americanae septentrionaliter ad Ecuado-
riam vel rarius etiam usque ad Colombian! extendentes.
1 Cf. footnote under var. radiata. Kuntze (loc. cit.) does not make the status
of "1. subsimplicifolia," etc., clear, but reference to a later volume (3, pt. 2: 137.
1898) shows that these were formae, as indeed they were later set forth by 0. E.
Schulz (vide supra).
2 Bidens pilosa var. puberula Schz. Bip. (Flora 39: 356. 1856) was merely a
nomen applied to Edelstan Jar din 42, Nukahiva, Marquesas Isls. I could not
find authentic material of this number among Jardin's Nukahiva plants (Par.).
414 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
e. Folia pinnato-quinquepartita vel biternatisecta vel
tantum pinnatisecta, foliolis segmentisve saepius plus
minusve ovatis var. e. alausensis.
e. Folia plus dissecta, saepe tripinnatisecta, segmentis
angustioribus var. e. alausensis f. 1. scandicina.
c. Capitula pansa ad anthesin plerumque 1.5-3 cm. lata.1
d. Folia pinnata, foliolis ovatis vel lanceolatis.
e. Tota planta plerumque viridis, ligulis saepius flavidis
vel albidis var. y. radiata.
e. Tota planta plerumque pallido-caerulea, ligulis saepius
rosaceis var. 8. bimucronata.
d. Folia plus dissecta, plerumque bi- vel rarius tripinnata,
segmentis angustioribus. .var. 5. bimucronata f. 1. odorata.
Herba annua, erecta, ramosa, 0.3-1.8 m. alta; caule tetra-
gono, glabrato vel saepe sparsissime piloso, stramineo-viridi vel
purpurascenti. Folia petiolata petiolis 1-6.5 cm. longis, mem-
branacea, marginibus serrata ciliataque, utrinque glabrata vel pilis
inaequalibus adpressis disperse pilosa vel interdum dense tomentoso-
pilosa; ima saepe simplicia, ovata, apice acuta, lamina 1.5-7 cm.
longa; media plerumque 3-5 (vel etiam -7) -partita, petiolo adjecto
0.5-2 dm. longa, foliolo terminali oblongo-ovato vel lanceolato
acuminate ad basim decurrenti, lateralibus proximis minoribus
ovatis vel lanceolatis acutis sessilibus vel decurrentibus, infimis
majoribus et breviter petiolulatis et rarissime plus minusve terna-
tisecta; summa simplicia, lanceolata. Capitula discoidea vel inter-
dum obsolete radiata, ad anthesin 7-8 mm. lata et 5-7 mm. alta,
25-40-flora, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis 1-9 cm. longis. Invo-
lucri basis hispida; bracteis exterioribus 7-9, linearibus vel lineari-
spathulatis, indurato-apiculatis, ciliatis, 4-5 mm. longis, quam
interioribus lanceolatis brevioribus. Flores ligulati plerumque
deficientes (rarissime minuti, 2-3 mm. longi, albidi vel flavido-albi).
Achaenia linearia, recta vel marginalia subincurvata, obcompresso-
tetragona vel subcomplanata, infra glabra, supra tuberculato-strigosa,
2- vel 3- (rarius 4- vel rarissime 5-) aristata aristis flavidis retrorsum
hamosis 2-4 mm. longis, corpore 4-16 mm. longa, interiora superne
elongata et marginalibus multo longiora.
Type specimen: No particular specimen was mentioned. The
first pre-Linnean synonym given by Linnaeus was the Bidens
corona seminum retrorsum aculeata, seminibus undique patentibus
1 Var. f . Apiifolia intermedia est et var. alausensi ac var. radiatae affinis est.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany. Vol. XVI, Plate CXVI
bed
BIDENS GARDNERI Baker
.u
OF THt
HWMWTY flf IHWIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 415
of the Hortus Cliff ortianus (p. 399. 1737). The first and only
Hortus Cliffortianus synonym given was the Bidens latifolia hir-
sutior, semine angustiore radiato of Dillenius (Hort. Eltham. 51.
pi. 43. f. 51 and 1, 2, 3, 4- 1732). Dillenius' illustration was of a
specimen still extant in the Dillenian Herbarium (Oxf.; vide p. 397,
footnote 3), which is a slightly abnormal plant (as to leaves) of
the at present widely known and accepted Bidens pilosa L. An
excellent and more typical specimen is the one labeled Bidens pilosa
in the official Linnean set at London (Linn.).
Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical
regions. In the Western Hemisphere from California southeastward
through Mexico, Central America, and South America to Chile,
Argentina, and Uruguay, also in the West Indies; throughout
Africa; in southeastern Asia, East Indies, Australia, New Zealand,
and many other islands of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans.
Specimens examined:1 LeRoy Abrams 2484, along streets, Ingle-
wood, California, May 31, 1902 (Del.; Field; Kew; Phila.); anon.
(Linn., 2 sheets, sub nominibus Bidente pilosa et B. pilosa var.);
anon. 123, Manoa Valley, Oahu, Hawaiian Isls., May 13, 1854
(Petrop.); C. F. Baker 2204, Masaya, Dept. Masaya, Nicaragua,
January 27, 1903 (Del.; Gray; Kew; Mo.); idem 3729, Claremont,
California, October 1, 1903 (Del.; Gray; Kew; Mus. V.); J. H. Barber
158, Santa Monica Experiment Station, California, May 24, 1897
(Calif.); R. Baron 43, chiefly in Betsileo-land, Madagascar (Kew);
Gust. Bernoulli 477, Chojoja near Mazatenango, Guatemala, Sep-
tember, 1867 (Del.; N.Y.); Beyrich, sandy places around Rio de
Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, January, 1845 (Boiss.);
J. Bornmuller 743, in rubbish heaps, Funchal, Madeira, March 19,
1900 (Berl.; Mus. V.; U.V.); E. Bourgeau 150, San Angel, Federal
Distr., Mexico, May 23, 1865-1866 (Kew) ; idem 847 pro parte, near
Santa Cruz, Palma, Canary Isls., August 14, 1845 (Kew) ; L. J. K.
Brace 4121, Albert Town, Long Cay, Bahamas, December 7-17, 1905
(Field); Ernest Braunton 674, Los Angeles, California, September,
1902 (Calif.); W. H. Brewer 285, Santa Barbara, California, March,
1861 (U.S.); N.L.Britton 2631, roadside, Grierfield near Moneague,
Jamaica, April 3, 1908 (Field); W. E. Broadway 5128, St. Ann's
1 In the fruiting stage, specimens of the minutely radiate var. minor fre-
quently look like those of the species proper and it is more than likely that several
collections have been included here for B. pilosa whereas younger material (i.e., in
its minutely radiate state) would have led to determination as var. minor. In a
number of cases, I had determined specimens in certain herbaria as B. pilosa and
later found the duplicates in other herbaria to be characteristic of the var. minor.
In all such cases, as far as known, the collections are cited under that variety.
416 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Cascade, Trinidad, November 27, 1923 (Del., 2 sheets); W. A.
Bryan, Salt Lake, Oahu, Hawaiian Isls., December 13, 1903 (Bish.);
Otto Buchtien, alt. 2,450 meters, Cotana on the Ilimani River, Boli-
via, November, 1911 (Field) ; idem, alt. 1,100 meters, Polo-Polo near
Coroico, North Yungas, Bolivia, October-November, 1912 (Field);
idem 287, alt. 2,100 meters, South Yungas, Bolivia, November 16,
1906 (Field) ; idem 1574, on roads, alt. 750 meters, San Carlos near
Mapiri, Bolivia, September, 1907 (Field) ; idem 4409, Arica, Chile, Sep-
tember, 1914 (Field); idem 5628 and 5628&W, alt. 1,400 meters,
Hacienda Simaco on road to Tipuani, Bolivia, January, 1920 (Field ;
forma nonnullis centralibus achaeniis elongatis atque eis Cosmidis non
dissimilibus) ; F. S. Collins 8, roadside near Flatts, Bermuda, April 24,
1912 (Gray); idem 303, Middle Road, Bermuda, August 24, 1913
(Berl.; Kew); Conzatti & Gonzalez 1000, alt. 1,750 meters, State of
Oaxaca, Mexico, July-August, 1900 (Berl.; Gray); C. C. Beam 241,
alt. 126 meters, along river, Gualan, Guatemala, January 20, 1905
(Gray; Mo.); F. Didrichsen (Galathea Expedition) 3515 and 3520,
Pulo Penang, Penang, Malay Peninsula, 1845-1847 (Cop.) ; idem 3547,
Oahu, Hawaiian Isls., eodem tempore (Cop., 2 sheets); idem
3625, Tahiti, Society Isls., eodem tempore (Cop.); Mrs. A. Dieterlen
2719, alt. 1,500-1,800 meters, Leribe, Basutoland (Kew); Amalia
Dietrich, near Brisbane River, eastern Australia, 1863-1865 (Mus.
V.); David Douglas, California, 1833 (Brit.); idem 56, California, 1833
(Del.; Gray; Kew, 2 sheets; type material oiBidens calif ornica DC.);
A. D. E. Elmer 3798, Santa Barbara, California, May, 1902 (Berl.;
Del.; Field; Kew; Mus. V.); A. Engler 2506, high plain, Transvaal,
August 20, 1905 (Berl.); Urbain Faurie 967, Oahu, Hawaiian Isls.,
April, 1909 (Del.); A. Fendler 695 pro parte, Venezuela, 1854-1855
(Mo.); C. N. Forbes 2QQH, summit of Hualalai, Hawaii, Hawaiian
Isls., June 18-21, 1911 (Bish.); idem 10620, Nuuanu Valley, Oahu,
Hawaiian Isls., January 24, 1909 (Bish.) ; George Gardner 501, Organ
Mts. (Serra dos Orgaos), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Berl.; Del.;
Kew; Mus. V.); Gamier 51, Madagascar, spring of 1869 (Par.);
Claude Gay, Prov. Coquimbo, Chile, 1839 (Del.); A. Glaziou 8755,
Brazil (Berl.); Goudot, vicinity of Tananarive, Madagascar (Del.);
Ludwig Hahn 385, Martinique, December, 1867 (Berl.; Boiss.; Del.,
2 sheets; Mus.V.); 0. Hansen, in mountains, Jamaica, January, 1897
(Cop.); A. A. Heller 2090, slopes of Makiki, Oahu, Hawaiian Isls.,
April 5, 1895 (Boiss.; Field; Mo.); idem (similiter) 2090, along
Hanapepe River, near the Falls, Kauai, Hawaiian Isls., July 2-8,
1895 (Field); idem (similiter) 2090, on Kaholuamanu, above
THE GENUS BIDENS 417
Waimea, Kauai, Hawaiian Isls., September 2-9, 1895 (Bish.);
Aug. Henry 108, in mountains, Formosa (Berl.); Heyde & Lux
4208 p.p., alt. 900 meters, Los Verdes, Dept. Amatitlan, Guatemala,
November, 1892 (Berl., 2 sheets; Gray); William Hillebrand,
Madeira, October, 1876 (U.V.); idem & J. M. Lydgate, Hawaiian
Isls. (Bish.); C. Hoffmann 804, Costa Rica, 1857 (Berl.); (for R. F.
Hohenacker 276, once referred here, see B. biternata); Fr. Holl, along
stream near Funchal, Madeira, September 12, 1827 (Mus. V.);
E. W. D. Holway 27, San Rafael, Dept. Guatemala, Guatemala,
January 7, 1915 (Gray) ; J. D. Hooker, New Zealand (Kew) ; Hort.
Bot. Berol. e seminibus e Mexicine missis (Berl.; type of Bidens
reflexa Link); Hort. Elthamensis, sub No. 43.51.51 (Oxf.); T. Husnot,
rocky places, Santa Cruz, Teneriffe, Canary Isls., March, 1866
(U.V., 2 sheets); Jenman 4984, Demerara River, British Guiana,
March, 1889 (N.Y.); W. A. Kellerman 5321, Palmar, Dept. Quezal-
tenango, Guatemala, February 11, 1906 (Field); idem 6436, alt.
237 meters, Retalhuleu, Dept. Retalhuleu, Guatemala, January 10,
1907 (Field); Ferd. Krauss, southern Africa, March, 1839 (Mun.);
idem, eodem loco, 1842 (Flor.); F. M. Liebmann 634, Mirador,
Vera Cruz, Mexico, March, 1842 (Cop.); idem 635, Yavesta, Oaxaca,
Mexico, September, 1842 (Cop., 2 sheets; forma foliis minoribus ac
magis membranaceis, foliolis jugi inferioris tripartitis, achaeniis eis
Bidentis bipinnatae aegre similibus; a Schultzio Bip. in herb, rite
pro B. pilosa determinata) ; idem 653, Mirador, Vera Cruz, Mexico,
January, 1842 (Cop.) ; E. Langlasse 971, alt. 1,000 meters, clay soil,
El Porvenir, southern Mexico, March 27, 1899 (Berl.; U.S.); F.
E. Lloyd 111, Laudat, Dominica, West Indies, 1903 (Kew) ; J. F.
Macbride 2683, Darien, Panama, February 23, 1923 (Field); idem
3174, Ambo, Peru (Field); idem 3180, alt. 2,100 meters, eodem loco,
April 5, 1923 (Field); Mann & Brigham 49, Oahu, Hawaiian Isls.
(Bish.; Corn.; Gray); W. R. Maxon 724, Annatto Bay, Jamaica,
April 7, 1903 (U.S.); Katherine Mayo, Paramaribo, Surinam, May
10, 1905 (Phila.); E. A. Mearns, Baguio, Prov. Benguet, Luzon,
Philippine Isls., April, 1907 (Man.); C. F. Millspaugh 1275, Spot
Bay, Grand Cayman Isl., West Indies, February 13-14, 1899 (Field);
idem 2610, Oahua, Hawaiian Isls., September 12, 1911 (Field) ; Otto
Moller, introduced, Isl. Amager, Denmark, October 20, 1895 (Cop.);
Fred Muller 544 p.p., Orizaba, Mexico, 1855 (N.Y.); G. C. Munro
146, Palawai, Lanai, Hawaiian Isls., October 10, 1913 (Bish.) ; Thomas
Nuttall, Oahu, Hawaiian Isls. (Brit., sub nom. B. pubescenti) ; idem,
Hawaiian Isls. (Brit., sub nom. B. hirsuta); Richard Oldham 259,
418 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Tamsuy, Formosa, 1864 (Boiss.; Mus. V.); C. R. Orcutt 120, Santo
Tomas, Lower California, Mexico, September 24, 1884 (Field) ; idem
3026, Sanborn, Vera Cruz, Mexico, April 18, 1910 (Field) ; idem 5429,
Rio Verde, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, November 17, 1910 (Mo.;
forma achaeniis longioribus ac dense spinuloso-hispidis, eis non-
nullarum var. bimucronatae formarum non valde dissimilibus) ;
Corn. Osten 5978, Dept. Montevideo, Uruguay, March 3, 1912
(Field) ; Edward Palmer 440, Parras and vicinity, Coahuila, Mexico,
October 6-11, 1898 (Calif.; Del., 4 sheets; Field; Mo.); idem (simi-
liter) 440, vicinity of Mapimi, Durango, Mexico, October 21-23,
1898 (Kew); S. B. Parish 6486, alt. about 300 meters, damp land,
meadows, swamps, San Bernardino Valley, California, September 21,
1907 (Field; forma nonnullis inferioribus foliolis, his tripartitis) ;
idem & W. F. Parish 184, San Bernardino, California, July, 1881
(Berl.; Boiss.; U.V.); M. E. Peck 277, clearing near Manatee Lagoon,
British Honduras, January 8, 1906 (Gray) ; Gustave Perdonnet 345,
State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1840-1846 (Boiss.); Philippi, Prov.
Tarapaca, Chile, communic. 1888 (type material of Bidens Mon-
taubanii Phil.) ; H. Pittier 4362, Mt. Carpintera, Costa Rica, August 2,
1891 (Gray); idem 9140, Guaremales near Urama, Carobobo,
Venezuela, December 10, 1920 (Berl.); idem & Ad. Tonduz 8724,
alt. 100 meters, forests of Tsuritkub, Costa Rica, April, 1894 (Boiss. ;
forma umbrosa, foliis valde membranaceis) ; Poeppig 1569, very
common along roads near Pampayacu, Dept. Huanuco, Peru,
December, 1829 (Mus. V.); C. A. Purpus, San Luis Tultitlanapa,
Puebla, Mexico, August, 1908 (Calif.);1 Karl & Lily Rechinger 2043,
slopes of the Volcano Kilauea, Hawaii, Hawaiian Isls., April, 1905
(Mus. V.); iidem 2139, ditches at Honolulu, Hawaii, Hawaiian Isls.,
April, 1905 (Mus. V.) ; A. F. Regnell III. 777, Caldas, Minas Geraes,
Brazil, April 28, 1874 (Berl.); Reinecke 22, Samoa, 1893 (Boiss.);
A. E. Ricksecker 473, spring garden, St. Croix, West Indies, July 13,
1896 (Mo.); J. Robertson 106, Stann Creek, British Honduras,
February 20, 1890 (Brit.); F. A. Rogers 23904, crocodile farm,
Barberton, Transvaal, December, 1920 (Kew); E. Rothschuh, alt.
1,000 meters, rain forest, Canada Yasica, Dept. Matagalpa, Nica-
ragua, February 20, 1894 (Berl.); idem 244, on roads, eodem loco,
August 19, 1893 (Berl.); H. H. Rusby 1619, alt. 1,800 meters,
Yungas, Bolivia, 1885 (N.Y.) ; idem & R. W. Squires 232, Catalina,
lower Orinoco River, Venezuela, May, 1896 (Berl.; Boiss.; Del.;
Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Phila.; U.V., 2 sheets); Satte, Orizaba, Mexico,
1 Two plants by Raunkiaer (Cop.), determined by me at first as B. pilosa,
may have to be referred to B. domingensis (q. v.) if that species is to be retained.
ield Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXVII
BIDENS FLAGELLARIS Baker
:::: "IQRABY
OF THt
nf ILUNOiS
THE GENUS BIDENS 419
1854-1855 (Del., 3 sheets); J. G. Schaffner 383, Tequisquiapan,
Quere"taro, Mexico, October, 1880 (Gray; Kew; Mo.); Scherzer,
alt. 1,230 meters, San Jose", Costa Rica (Mus. V.) ; L. Schlim 113,
alt. 1,050 meters, Ocafia, Prov. Ocana, Colombia, September, 1850
(Del., 2 sheets) ; Schomburgk 455 p.p., British Guiana (Mus. V.) ; Ber-
thold Seemann 270 p.p., Fiji Isls., 1860 (Del. ; Mus. V. ; nom. incolarum,
Batimadramadra) ; idem 2047, Sierra Madre, northwestern Mexico
(Kew); Eduard & Caecilie Seler 2534, San Andre's Osuna, Dept.
Escuintla, Guatemala, May 7, 1896 (Berl.); Sieber 330, Martinique
(Berl., 2 sheets; Mo.); P. Sintenis 391, in maritime and montane
forests, Maricao, Puerto Rico, November 17, 1884 (Berl., 2 sheets;
Boiss.; Del.; Mo.); idem 4653, among bushes, Adjuntas, Puerto
Rico, June 24, 1886 (Del.; Mo.; U.V.); H. H. Smith 598, alt. 1,350
meters, Santa Marta, Colombia, December, 1898-1901 (Berl.; Del.;
Kew; Mo.); idem 599, alt. 750 meters, eodem loco et tempore (Berl.;
Cam.; Del.; Field; Man.; Mo.; Phila.); J. D. Smith 2350, alt. 1,500
meters, Guatemala, Dept. Guatemala, Guatemala, February, 1890
(Field) ; P. C. Standley 23977, alt. 75-225 meters, open slope, Quiri-
gua, Dept. Izabal, Guatemala, May 15-31, 1922 (Mo.) ; J. F. G. Stokes,
Kaali, Niihau, Hawaiian Isls., January, 1912 (Bish.); D. L. Topping
2833, garden, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Isls., September 6, 1924
(N.Y.); C. H. T. Townsend A102, alt. 2,000 meters, near San Pedro,
Ecuador, November 25, 1910 (U.S.); idem A200, alt. 1,350 meters,
Hacienda Charape on the Rio Tabaconas, Prov. Jae"n, Peru, Sep-
tember 18, 1911 (Field); H. H. Travers, introduced, swampy coast
places, Wellington, North Isl., New Zealand, October, 1908 (Man.;
forma foliis valde membranaceis et foliolis inferioribus subdivisis,
aristis 2); J. Triana 1373, Colombia (Berl.; N.Y.); Knei Chen
Ts'ao (Herb. Univ. Nanking No. 1549), Bau Hiva Shan, Kiangsu
Prov., China, October 14, 1915 (Calif.; a second-growth form
simulating B. Engleri, B. tenera, B. leptocephala, etc., in characters
of the fruiting heads) ; Eugene Warming 38, Barbados, West Indies,
November 13, 1891 (Cop.); idem 638, Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes,
Brazil, March 17, 1864 (Cop.) ; idem 639 pro parte, eodem loco (Cop.) ;
idem 640, Morro de San Antonio, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
May 7, 1863 (Cop.) ; idem 643 pro parte, Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes,
Brazil (Cop.); Wawra (H. M. Maximilian's Journey to Mexico) 1035,
Mirador and vicinity, Vera Cruz, Mexico (Mus. V.) ; idem (Circumnav.
H. M. Frigate "Donau") 1811, Maui, Hawaiian Isls., 1868-1871
(Mus. V., 2 sheets); S. J. Whitmee, Samoa (Gray); Widgren 253,
Caldas, Minas Geraes, Brazil, December 15, 1845 (Berl.; Cop.); C. S.
420 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Williamson, Los Angeles, California, July 24, 1901 (Phila.); F.
Wilms 845 p.p., Distr. Lydenburg, Transvaal, December, 1887 (Del.;
Kew; U.V.); Hubert Winkler 101, Victoria, Kamerun (Berl.); Charles
Wright 316, eastern Cuba, 1856-1857 (Boiss.; Del.; Gray; Kew;
Mo.; Phila.); idem 317 pro parte, eodem loco et tempore (Gray;
Kew); idem (similiter) 317, eastern Cuba, 1860 (Mus. V.); H. Wydler
228, in cultivated places, Puerto Rico, May-June, 1827 (Del., 2
sheets; foliorum superiorum foliolis inferioribus tripartitis, forma
Bidenti subalternanti aegre simili); Yates 632, Santa Barbara, Cali-
fornia, October 3, 1894 (Boiss.); H. Zollinger II. 410, Java (Del.).1
The pre-Linnean setting of B. pilosa has already been given (vide
sub "Type specimen"). Much pertinent material will be found
under the following varieties and formae. We may note the status
of certain post-Linnean synonyms which either are not self-explana-
tory or else do not receive adequate treatment in the list of "Speci-
mens examined."
The name Bidens reflexa Link has been variously construed by
botanists during the past century. This is doubtless due to the fact
that more than one species was obtained in European botanical
gardens from supposedly B. reflexa achenes which had been sent
out from Berlin. Thus, some of the B. reflexa material in the Berlin
Herbarium is 5. pilosa L., while in the Herbarium of the University
of Halle, for example, a specimen labeled "Bidens reflexa Hort. bot.
Berol." is really B. serrulata (Poir.) Desf. Fortunately there exists
in the Berlin Herbarium an original specimen by Link. Its main
label says, in pencil, "Bidens sp. Mexico." In ink is written "reflexa
m. (Link)." Another label says, "Bidens reflexa Link En. 2. p. 306.
Hort. Bot. Berol." This specimen is clearly of Link's type material
and matches his description, except that he erred in calling it a
perennial, for it is an annual. It is nothing more than B. pilosa L.,
to which it must be referred.
A careful study of Vellozo's description and illustration of his
B. adhaerescens shows that plant to be none other than B. pilosa L.
His description of the capitulum is not above criticism. In the short,
abridged description at the beginning we read: "floribus terminalibus,
discoideis," which would limit the description to B. pilosa proper.
In the detailed description which follows, however, we read: "Co-
1 In South America B. pilosa, in common with such related species as B.
Gardneri and B. riparia, is often called Picao (fide F. Hoehnei et al.).
Concerning the value of B. pilosa as a forage plant, especially for horses with
intestinal parasites, and as a plant to be considered in connection with bananas
for cultivation, vide DeWildeman, PI. Util. Inter. 556-557. 1903.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXVIII
a b
BIDENS NUDATA Brandeg.
Of
THE GENUS BIDENS 421
rollula composite, quandoque radiata, radis octo ligulatis, albis."
Thus it is seen that he really included also the plants with white
rays, forms which today are separately treated as B. pilosa var.
radiata Schz. Bip.1
An original specimen of B. ciliata Hoffmgg. is in the collection
of the younger Reichenbach at the Museum of Vienna. It was
collected by Dr. Hoffmannsegg. It is a nearly glabrous plant, with
discoid heads, and is typical B. pilosa L. In the original description
it was differentiated from B. pilosa because of its polymorphous
leaves, a character of no value here, since B. pilosa L., B. subalternans
DC., and most other species of Bidens display a noticeable,some-
times very high degree of foliar polymorphism.
A sheet bearing two type specimens of B. Montaubanii Phil, is
in Berlin (Berl.). These were received from Philippi. They display, in
the narrowness of their leaflets, a superficial resemblance to certain
specimens of the South American B. subalternans DC., but differ
in having leaves pinnate, not bipinnate, and the achenes 2-aristate,
not 2-4-aristate. A study of their foliage, achenes, and involucres
shows that they are mere foliage forms of B. pilosa L.
Bidens pilosa var. ft. minor (Bl.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 80: 387.
1925. PI. CII, figs, c, d, and k-r.
Coreopsis leucorrhiza Lour. Fl. Coch. ed. 1. 508. 1790 (ex descript.
et patria).
Coreopsis leucorhiza Lour. op. cit. ed. 2. 622. 1793 (ex descript.
et patria).
Bidens hispida H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 186 (237). 1820.
Kerneria dubia Cass. Diet. Sci. Nat. 24: 398. 1822 (pro parte).
Bidens sundaica Blume, Bijdr. 913. 1826.
Bidens sundaica var. minor Blume, op. cit. 914.
Bidens (?) leucorhiza (Lour.) DC. Prodr. 5: 605. 1836.
Bidens leucantha var. sundaica (Bl.) Hasskarl, Cat. PI. Hort. Bog.
100. 1844; etiam in Miquel, Fl. Ned. 2: 77. 1856-1859.
Bidens andicola var. ft. Wedd. Chlor. And. 1: 70. 1855 (ex synon.
H.B.K.).
Bidens sundiaca Bl. ex Ind. Kew. 1: 301. 1895 (sphalm).
Bidens aurantiaca Colenso, Trans. New Zeal. Inst. 27: 388. 1895.
Bidens africana Klatt, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 464. 1896.
1 For an extended discussion of Vellozo and his work, see Hook. Journ. Bot.
4: 4. 1842.
422 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens pilosa var. brevifoliata Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 48. 1900.
Bidens pilosa var. dubia (Cass.) 0. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb.
Antill. 7: 135. 1911.1
Foliola saepius acriter apicata et acriter serrata. Capitula
subradiata. Flores ligulati 4-7, albidi vel sulphurei vel vivi saepe
etiam aurei, supra irregulariter 3-5-lobulati, circ. 5-8 mm. longi,
stylo deficiente vel 2 mm. longo ramis inaequilongis, ovario circ.
1 mm. longo plerumque 2- vel 3-aristato aristis 1-2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: See discussion below.
Distribution: Throughout most tropical and subtropical regions;
in Central America and South America to Chile and Argentina; fre-
quent in the West Indies; found over the entire continent of Africa;
occurring in southeastern and southern Asia, Burma, etc. ; in Japan,
Formosa, Ceylon, Australia, New Zealand, etc. ; in many of the East
Indies and in widely separated insular localities of the Atlantic,
Pacific, and Indian oceans.
Specimens examined: D. J. Anderson (Yunnan Exped.), China,
March 19, 1868 (Boiss.); anon., St. Croix, West Indies (Cop.);
anon., Kamwake-mura, Isl. Shikoku, Prov. Tosa, Japan, Nov. 23,
1896 (Berl.; sub nom. var. albiflora Maxim.); F. Bachmann 1585,
1588, and 1589, Pondoland, southeastern Africa, 1887-1888 (Berl.);
J. Ball, alt. 450-1,800 meters, in valley of Rimac River, Peru, April,
1882 (Kew); Aug. Barbey, Baliagata, Calcutta, India, April 10,
1891 (Boiss.); G. L. Bates 39, Batanga, Kamerun, March 2, 1895
(Boiss.); G. Baur 111, Chatham Isl., Galapagos Isls., June, 1891
(Gray); Bertero 444, Quillota, Chile, September, 1829 (De\.);Blanchet
143, Bahia, Brazil (Del., 2 sheets); Blume, Java (Leyd., 2 sheets);
idem, eodem loco (Leyd., sub nom. Bidente sundaica et B. sundaica
var.); idem, eodem loco, 1836 (Brit.; Del.; Par.; Webb; sub nom.
Bidente sundaica Bl.); idem 139, eodem loco (Brit., sub nom. Bidente
leucantha var. sundaica Hassk.); F. R. Bona 131, Malaya Mts.,
Lepanto Subprov., Luzon, Philippine Isls., November-December,
1911 (Man.) ; W. E. Broadway 2280, common in ditches, Cangiehel,
Santa Cruz, Trinidad, West Indies, August 11, 1908 (Field; Man.);
O^o Buchtien, alt. 2,450 meters, Cotafia, Bolivia, November, 1911
(Field); idem 5629, alt. 1,400 meters, above the road to Tipuani,
Bolivia, February, 1920 (Field; U.S.); W. Busse 939, Upper Ngaka
Valley, German East Africa, 1901 (Berl.) ; idem 2480, Tand-ngongoro,
Distr. Trindi, German East Africa, May 13, 1903 (Berl.); D. R.
1 Regarding Bidens pinnata Nor. (nomen), which applies perhaps equally to
B. pilosa var. minor and to B. biternata, see under B. biternata.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXIX
BIDENS BRASILIENSIS Sherff
OF THt
UNIVERSITY «F {
THE GENUS BIDENS 423
Buttner 29, Togo, Guinea, July 31, 1890 (Berl.); J- Cardoso, 244,
Cape Verde Isls., 1895 (Berl.); J. Cavalerie 3697, in cultivated places,
Pin-Fa, China, August 20, 1907 (Del.); Mrs. Evelyn Cecil 21, between
Beira and Massi Kessi, Portuguese East Africa (Kew) ; Tang Chung
Chang et al. 2859, grassy lawn, Fukien Christian Univ. Campus,
Foochow, Fukien Prov., China, October 7, 1925 (Calif.); T. F.
Cheeseman 30, Sunday Isl., Kermadec Isls., August, 1887 (Kew);
J. & M. S. Clemens 4177, Hue Divide, Tourane, Annam, French
Indo-China, July, 1927 (Calif.); W. Colenso, New Zealand, com-
munic. 1897 (Kew, sub nom. Bidente aurantiaca Col.); Paul Conrath
395, Nodderfontein, Transvaal, 1896 (Berl.); Alice C. Cook 25, wet
places, ravine (barranca) near Guia, Gran Canaria, Canary Isls.,
December, 1893 (Field); T. Cooper 1152, Natal, 1862 (Mus. V., 2
sheets); H. M. Curran 5019, Mt. Tonglon, Prov. Benguet, Luzon,
Philippine Isls., August, 1906 (Mo.) ; DeVore & Hoover 260, lowland,
Santa Cruz, Distr. Davao, Mindanao, Philippine Isls., April 28,
1903 (Man.); Deschamps, Ceylon, 1891 (Del.); Dinklage 2117,
Grand Bassa, Liberia, October 15, 1899 (Berl.; Gray); Drege 5084,
South Africa (Berl.); W. Dudgeon & L. A. Kenoyer 426, alt. 1,200
meters, Himalaya Mts., India, May 30, 1920 (Mo.); Eggers 208,
alt. 330 meters, Signal Hill, St. Thomas, West Indies, December,
1880 (Berl., 2 sheets; Boiss.; Del., 2 sheets; Kew, 2 sheets; Mun.,
2 sheets; U.V., 2 sheets); idem 6251, infrequent on shore between
Mt. Felix and Goyave, Grenada, West Indies, December 9, 1889
(Berl.); idem 7218, Forster's Hall Wood, Barbados, West Indies,
January 24, 1890 (Berl.); Ehrenreich, Ceylon, May 18, 1893 (Berl.);
A. D.E.Elmer 5769, Baguio, Prov. Benguet, Luzon, Philippine Isls.,
February 29, 1904 (Berl.; Boiss.; Man.); Ernest Faber, Tung-kun,
southern China (Del.); A. Fendler 695 pro parte, near Tovar, Ven-
ezuela, 1854-1855 (Del.; Kew); E. Fenix, Baguio, Prov. Benguet,
Luzon, Philippine Isls., December 5, 1910 (Man. ; floris radicibusque
faciendo Igaroteorum vim "sinisit" dicti lectis); Fraser, Ecuador,
1860 (Del.); Claude Gay, Chile (Berl.; Del., 2 sheets; Mus. V.);
idem, Prov. Coquimbo, Chile, 1839 (Del.); 0. Gelert, Arucas, Gran
Canaria, Canary Isls., April 22, 1897 (Cop.); A. Glaziou 4034, Brazil
(Cop.); Hance 299, Hongkong, China (Gray); J. W. Harshberger,
Pembroke Church, Bermuda, June 21, 1905 (Gray; Mo.); G. T.
Hastings 570, in garden, Santiago, Chile, March, 1902 (Calif.);
0. Haught 4, Talara, Prov. Paita, Peru, 1925 (Field); Aug. Henry
75, Hongkong, China (Mo.); idem 108, Formosa (Mo.); idem 8769,
Isl. Hainan, southeastern China, November, 1889 (Gray); Fr. Hens
424 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
91, alt. 100-600 meters, Lute'te', Belgian Congo, February 1, 1888
(Del.); idem 94, alt. 500-600 meters, eodem loco, February 20,
1888 (Del.); idem 261, alt. 150-600 meters, eodem loco, February 1,
1888 (Boiss.; U.V.); J. M. Hildebrandt 1023, sterile ground, Zanzi-
bar, October-November, 1873 (Berl. ; Mus. V., 2 sheets) ; idem 1640,
Isl. Johanna (Isl. Anjouan), Comoro (Comore) Isls., June-August,
1875 (Berl.; Mus. V., 2 sheets); William Hillebrand 41, Makawao,
eastern Maui, Hawaiian Isls. (Kew); C. Hoffmann 250, San Jose*,
Costa Rica, September, 1854 (Berl.); Fr. Roll, along stream near
Funchal, Madeira, cum specie ipsa, September 12, 1827 (Mus. V.,
3 sheets); C. Hoist 4328, Gonja, Distr. Usambara, German East
Africa, September, 1893 (Kew; Mus. V.);7. F. Holton, La Paila,
Dept. Cauca, Colombia, May 19, 1853 (Del.); J. D. Hooker, alt.
up to 1,500 meters, Sikkim, India (Berl.; Cop.; Del.; Gray); idem &
T. Thomson, alt. 1,200-1,500 meters, Mt. Khasia, India (Boiss.;
Mus. V., 2 sheets); C. C. Hosseus "498ax," alt. 1,050 meters, Doi-
Sutep, Siam, April 14, 1905 (Mun.); HUgel, New Zealand (Mus. V.);
Abdul Huk, Fort Stedman, Upper Burma, December, 1892 (Mus.
V.); Humboldt & Bonpland, Caracas, Venezuela (Par., sub mss.
No. 698 et nom. Bidente hispida); E. Jahandiez, Bufadero, Teneriffe,
Canary Isls., January 6, 1911 (Boiss.) ; Pedro Jorgensen, Mendoza,
Argentina, 1908 (Cop.); Junghuhn 290, Java (Gray); idem 311, Java
(Gray); idem 357, Mt. Dieng, Java (Gray; Leyd.); idem 376 (Gray);
H. Junod, Delagoa Bay, Mozambique, 1890 (Boiss.); Kandt 105,
alt. 1,700 meters, Mt. Niansa, Ruanda, German East Africa, 1906
(Berl., 2 sheets); A. F. G. Ken 743, alt. 720 meters, Djing-Mai
(Chieng-Mai), Doi-Sutep, Siam, August 8, 1909 (Berl.); R. Lan-
dauer, Mariannhill, Natal (Berl.); LeGuillon, Raffles Bay, north
coast of Australia, 1841 (Par.) ; idem, Java, 1841 (Par.) ; idem, Akaroa,
Banks Peninsula, Middle Isl., New Zealand, 1841 (Par.); Lehmann
58, Lindanglaja, west Java, February, 1890 (Berl.); Leschenault,
Ceylon, 1823 (Del.); A. Letourneux, in marshes, banks of Lake
Mariot (Lake Mariut), Egypt, June, 1876 (Cop., 2 sheets); C. 0.
Levine 278, Honam Isl., Prov. Kwangtung, China, October 1, 1917
(Mo.); J. A. Lorzing 153, alt. about 1,650 meters, north Sendara,
central Java, January 25, 1912 (Berl.; nom. vernac., Kettul); H.
Lynes 23, alt. 1,950 meters, Nuiruya, Jebel Marra (Marrah Mts.),
Darfur, Sudan, February, 1922 (Kew); J. F. Macbride 2898, weed of
fields, railway grades, etc., alt. about 2,400 meters, Matucana, Peru,
March 14-18, 1923 (Field); idem 3179, alt. about 2,100 meters, stony
river-flat, Ambo, Peru, April 5, 1923 (Field) ; G. Mandon 134, grav-
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXX
a he g i f
BIDENS RIEDELII Baker (tigs, o-fc); var. HASSLERIANA Chod. (fig. I)
T»t
81s
THE GENUS BIDENS 425
elly and rocky places near Funchal, Madeira, February, 1865 (Berl. ;
Boiss.; Del., 2 sheets; Mus. V., 2 sheets; plantae specie! ipsi adpro-
pinquantes); Manggerai 22, Isl. Flores, Dutch East Indies, August
28, 1918 (Buit.); Martins 819, Brazil (Mus. V.); idem 842, Brazil
(Berl.); Maximowicz, Oahu, Hawaiian Isls., 1854 (Kew); R. C.
McGregor, Dupax, Prov. Nueva Vizcaya, Luzon, Philippine Isls.,
March- April, 1912 (Cam.; Field); idem 861, Lutab to Kabayan,
Prov. Benguet, Luzon, June, 1909 (Man.); idem 3637, Prov. Nueva
Vizcaya, Luzon, January 15, 1913 (Man.); idem 3865, Mt. Polis,
Subprov. Ifugao, Luzon, February 1, 1913 (Man.); A. Meebold, alt.
600 meters, Kandy, Ceylon, March, 1905 (Berl.); E. D. Merrill,
Prov. Benguet, Luzon, Philippine Isls., October-November, 1905
(Berl.) ; idem, Honam Isl., Kwangtung Prov., October 13-November
9, 1916 (Calif., 2 sheets; nom. sinensi, Kam p'un ngan chan); idem
1781, alt. 1,200-1,400 meters, open, disturbed soil of railway grade,
Baguio, Benguet Subprov., Luzon, May 12, 1914 (Man.; Mo.);
idem 6548, Mt. Pulog, Prov. Benguet, Luzon, May, 1909 (Man.);
idem 6988, alt. 1,725 meters, thickets at old crater of Canlaon
Volcano, Negros, Philippine Isls., April, 1910 (Field; Man.); C. F.
Millspaugh 81, Walsingham, Bermuda, December 31, 1898 (Field);
Milne, waste places, Isle of Pines, October, 1853 (Kew); A. Moc-
querys 44, San Thome", Roca Ledroma, Portuguese West Africa, 1899
(Del.); R. P. Murray, Teror, Gran Canaria, Canary Isls., May 13,
1892 (Boiss.); G. Nakahara 283, Formosa, August, 1905 (Man.);
F. G. Overlaet, Kafakumba, Belgian Congo, April, 1925 (Field, 3
sheets); L. R. Parodi 7305, Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
October 16, 1926 (Gray); idem 7309, eodem loco, October 17, 1926
(Gray); A. Petelot 129, edges of roads, Cho Ganh, French Indo-
China, April, 1920 (Calif.); Peters 8 and 79, Mozambique (Berl.);
C. J. Pitard 189, Barranco de Bufadero, Teneriffe, Canary Isls.,
March 18, 1905 (Berl.; Mo.; var. radiatae adpropinquans) ; H.
Pittier 683 and 684, alt. 1,500-1,900 meters, Cuesta de Tocota,
road from Buenaventura to Call, western Cordilleras, Cauca, Colom-
bia, December, 1905 (U.S.); idem 980, prairies, La Uruca, Costa
Rica, February, 1888 (Boiss.); idem 3031, Costa Rica, 1890 (Boiss.);
idem 6990, alt. 1,500 meters, San Rafael de Cartago, Costa Rica,
August 28, 1892 (Berl.) ; H. Polakowsky 362, San Jose", Costa Rica,
November, 1875 (Berl.); Von Prittwitz und Gaffron 272, Lager,
German East Africa, July 7-8, 1901 (Berl.); Maximo Ramos 5550,
Rio Trinidad, Benguet Prov., Luzon, December 12, 1908 (Berl.;
Man.); Dr. & Mrs. J. N. Rose 18740 p.p., Santa Clara, Peru, July 18,
426 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
1914 (U.S.); H. H. Rusby 1620, Tacna, Chile, March, 1885 (N.Y.;
Phila.); K. Saida, Tokyo, Japan (Berl.); A. Sauliere, alt. 2,115
meters, Kodai-kanal, Pulney Hills, Madura District, Presidency of
Madras, India (Man.); F. Schickendantz 127, Fuerte de Andalgala,
Prov. Catamarca, Argentina, May, 1879 (Berl.); Rudolph Schlechter
2133, alt. 230 meters, Zuurbraak, Cape Colony, January 19, 1893
(Berl. ; Boiss. ; Kew; Mus. V. ; U.V.) ; G. Schweinfurth 112, Nile Valley,
Egypt, 1887 (Berl.) ; idem 419 p.p., vicinity of Cairo, Egypt, September
25, 1864 (Berl., 2 sheets; Boiss.; Mus. V.); Berthold Seemann 2265,
Oahu, Hawaiian Isls., 1850 (Kew) ; Eduard & Caecilie Seler 2692 and
2694, Chacula, Dept. Huehuetenango, Guatemala, August 20, 1896
(Berl.); E. E. Sherff 2043, cult., Chicago, Illinois, October 7, 1915,
e seminibus e Horto Bot. Raoul., Papeete, Tahiti (Field); A. Sodiro
4314 (43/4 fide Hieronymi), Ecuador (Berl., 2 sheets; type material
of Bid ens pilosa var. brevifoliata Hieron.); Mary F. Spencer, alt. 100
meters, Taormina, Sicily, January-February, 1904 (Gray); Ad.
Stolz 627, alt. 600-1,500 meters, Kyimbila, Nrulila (vicinity of Lan-
genburg at north end of Lake Nyassa), Nyassa Highland, March 8,
1911 (Berl., 2 sheets; Cop.; Del., 3 sheets; Mus. V.); R. Strachey &
J. E. Winterbottom 2, alt. 1,110 meters, Ramgungu River, Kumaon,
India (Brit. ; Kew) ; Stuhlmann 9624, Uluguru, German East Africa,
November 20, 1894 (Berl.); Styles, Chile (Phila.); Fedor Tagor 384,
Java, 1859 (Berl.); T. Thomson 869, Kumaon, India, May- June,
1845 (Kew, 2 sheets); Thwaites 3630, Ceylon (Boiss.; Del.); Ad.
Tonduz 498, alt. 1,752 meters, orillas de la Laguna de Caldera,
Volcan de Pacaya, Guatemala, April 6, 1921 (Mo.); idem 695, roads
and plantings at San Jose", Costa Rica, June, 1892 (Boiss.);
William Trelease 437, Sao Jorge, Azores, June 23, 1894 (Mo.); E.
Ule 835, weed in fields, Blumenau, Santa Catharina, Brazil, August,
1888 (Berl.) ; idem 4493, roadsides, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Au-
gust, 1897 (Berl.); Vahl, Ribeira de Fayal, Madeira, August 5, 1901
(Cop.) ;S. Venturi 8810, alt. 1,200 meters, Cerro el Noglito, Dept. Bur-
royaco, Prov. Tucuman, Argentina, April 12, 1929 (Gray) ; Verreaux
532, Australia, 1845-1846 (Par., 2 sheets) ; Seb. Vidal, Miagao, Prov.
Ilo-ilo, Panay, Philippine Isls. (Kew); idem 1514, 3133, and 3138,
northern Luzon, Philippine Isls. (Kew); Voeltzkow 211, Comoro
Isls., 1903 (Berl.); G. Volkens 682, alt. 1,550 meters, Kilimanjaro
region, German East Africa, August 15, 1893 (Berl.; Boiss.; Kew);
Walker, Ceylon (Del.); Warburg 413, Bombay, India (Berl.); idem
418, Nilgiri Hills, India (Berl.); Wawra 353, Ascension Isl., east
Atlantic, 1857-1858 (Mus. V.); Welwitsch 3959, Distr. Golungo Alto,
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXI
c b
BIDENS CHODATI Hassl.
OF T«t
THE GENUS BIDENS 427
Angola (Cop.); Alexander Whyte, alt. 1,050-1,200 meters, Tangan-
yika Plateau, July, 1896 (Kew); idem, alt. 1,950-2,100 meters,
Masuku (Masukwo) Plateau, northwest of Lake Nyassa, eodem
tempore (Kew); Wichura 2200, Gedang Bendang, Java, November
21, 1861 (Berl.);F. Wilms 844, Lydenburg, Transvaal, December,
1887 (Berl.; Del.; Kew); Charles Wright, Hongkong, China, 1853-
1856 (Gray); idem, Loo-Choo Isls., 1853-1856 (Gray; U.S.); Zech.
276, Kratschi, Togo, 1900 (Berl.) ; H. Zollinger 401, Java (Del., 3
sheets; Par.); idem 816, eodem loco (Del., 2 sheets; Par.).
Bidens pilosa L. has among its various varieties and formae a
subradiate variety, widely distributed in both hemispheres. This
was observed by Cassini.1 0. E. Schulz (loc. cit.) has employed for
it the varietal name dubia, but the synonymous Bidens sundaica Bl.
had already been reduced to varietal rank by Hasskarl (loc. cit.) in
1844, and so takes precedence over the name dubia. In his original
description Blume (loc. cit.) listed a variety minor, "caule foliisque
humilioribus. Crescit: cum praecedente [i.e., B. sundaica ips.,
prope Buitenzorg, Java]." Recently, through the kindness of Dr.
J. W. C. Goethart, Director of the Royal Herbarium at Leyden, I
was privileged to examine early specimens by Blume and by Jung-
huhn, from Java. Three sheets (Nos. 900,146 ... 72 pro parte;
900,146 ... 73; 900,146 ... 75) bear excellent specimens of Blume's
Bidens sundaica. A few minute rays are present. The first of these
sheets bears also the basal part of a specimen (and a fruiting
branch which probably belonged to it), labeled unmistakably in
Blume's own handwriting, "Bidens Sundaica Variet." Dr. Goethart
(in lit.) very properly regards this as "probably type of var. minor."
The one fruiting head still attached to the rather depauperate basal
portion exactly matches the others on the B. sundaica plants. A
fourth sheet bears still more depauperate material collected by Dr.
Fr. Junghuhn, No. 357, on Mt. Dieng, Java. It is labeled in Miquel's2
handwriting (fide Goethartii in lit.) as a depauperate forma of B.
sundaica Bl. Indeed, its three specimens (one of them, in flower,
1 "... les calathides, composees d'un disque jaune et d'une couronne blan-
chatre, sont larges de cinq lignes. . . . Nous ayons observe, pendant plusiers
annees, des individus vivans de cette espece, cultives au Jardin du Roi, et nous
avons remarque que leurs calathides etoient le plus souvent incouronees, rarement
radiees. Dans ce dernier cas, la couronne etoit composee de cinq a sept fleurs, dont
la corolle avoit le tube court, et la languette courte, large, orbiculaire, tridentee
au sommet, multinervee, a nervures jaunatres. . . . "- — Cassini, loc. cit.
2 Miquel (loc. cit.) cites a depauperate form collected by Junghuhn: "B.
leucantha /3. sundaica Hassk. I.e. p. 100, cujus auctoritate formam hanc alioquin
satis constantem hue retuli. — Formam omnibus partibus depauperatam in elevati-
oribus montanis Javae insulae el. Jungh. legit."
428 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
having the tiny rays very evident) are so obviously a merely less
developed form of B. sundaica, that few if any authors today would
seek to draw any distinctions.
It is evident that the actually equivalent name minor, given
varietal status long before the name sundaica was, must in turn take
precedence, supplanting both sundaica and dubia.1
Blume's description, "B. floribus subradiatis ..." is matched
by upwards of a thousand specimens examined in the past few years.
It is represented in particular by several of Blume's own specimens
(Brit., sub numero 139; Del.; Par.; Webb). In the Delessert, Paris,
and Webb herbaria the heads are mostly rayless, perhaps having had
the few rays removed in previous examinations. The foliage aspect,
however, is definitely that of the ordinary subradiate variety. Fur-
thermore, the plant at the British Museum of Natural History is
definitely subradiate.2
Even earlier than Blume's var. minor is Bidens pilosa var. chi-
nensis L. Mantiss. PI. 281. 1771, a name omitted from the foregoing
list of synonyms.3 Linnaeus' original description follows: "Habitat
in India orientali. H.U. Planta simillima Bid. pilosae, si non
eadem, sed radio diversa. Folia supra nuda, sicca ut fere scariosa.
Flosculi marginales nivei (nee albi) tamen hermaphroditi fertiles;
primo anno sati erant conformes flosculis disci, nee majores, altero
anno erant radio explanato quinquefioro piano parvo. Semina radii
aristis 4. s. 5, quae in B. pilosa vulgari radiis 2. s. 3."
It is seen that the Linnean plants, in the first year of their sowing
(they were annuals of course), had no ray flowers and thus were
typical B. pilosa. In a subsequent year, five small rays appeared.
It would seem that if Linnaeus' observations were flawless, and not
founded upon confused forms, the reason for distinguishing our
minor varietally (i.e., its constancy) would automatically disappear.
If we consider, however, the color of the rays in the later plants, it
is seen that some were glistening- or snowy-white while some were
1 Cf. O. E. Schulz (Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl. 179. 1914), ". . . dagegen gehoren
B. sundaicus . . . und var. minor . . . wahrscheinlich zu B. pilosus L. var. dubius
(Cass.) 0. E. S." In herbarium determinations, I have not differentiated between
forms having or lacking aristae on the ovaries of the ligulate florets.
2 In my cultural observations the var. minor appeared to come very true to a
given type. For example, in some two dozen plants (Sherff 2043) raised in 1915
from achenes on specimens sent by Mr. St. Ahnne (Bot. Gard. Raoul, Papeete,
Tahiti), the hundreds of flowering heads had uniformly tiny, distinctly yellowish,
ligulate florets, as had been observed on the parent material.
3 As also its equivalent, Glossogyne chinensis (L.) Less. Syn. Composit. 212.
1832.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXII
BIDENS ANGUSTISSIMA H.B.K. (figs, h-m); var. LIN1FOLIA
(Schz. Bip. ex Klatt) Sherff (figs, a-g)
OF Tht
mtWHNMTY flf
THE GENUS BIDENS 429
other shades.1 My field and herbarium observations indicate a
pronounced constancy in the ray color for any one collection of
plants of var. minor. Therefore, it appears probable that some
of the smaller-rayed forms of B. pilosa var. radiata composed at
least a part of the later material examined by Linnaeus. His her-
barium affords no help in solving the matter.2 Surely, there is so
much of uncertainty in the application of the Linnean concept that
it appears unwise to adopt it as against the clear and certain con-
cept associated with the varietal name minor.3
Bidens aurantiaca Colenso has its description ("Florets . . .
small, bright dark orange: ray-few, . . . ") supplemented by the
authentic Colenso specimen at Kew. This has the one flowering
head now lacking rays, but the aspect of the various critical struc-
tures is more properly that of the variety minor than of B.
pilosa proper.
Klatt's type of B. africana, as already pointed out (Bot. Gaz.
85: 14. 1928), was a plant collected by Dr. C. Keller, on Reunion
Island, summer of 1886. The herbarium containing the type was
not cited nor have I succeeded in locating an authentic specimen.
At Gray Herbarium are various tracings by Klatt, which form an
important part of the Klatt Herbarium obtained by that institution
some years ago. One of these is of B. africana. The plant represented
is seen to be widely remote from B. Lantanoides Gray and B. hawai-
ensis Gray, with which Klatt compared it in his original description.
The tracing, construed with Klatt's description (" . . . Die eiformi-
gen Strahlbliiten sind 2-3 mm. lang . . . "), shows that the plant
was, beyond all reasonable doubt, merely a simple-leaved form of B.
pilosa var. minor.
Bidens pilosa var. /3. minor f. 1. umbrosa Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 90: 394. 1930.
Herba gracilis. Folia valde membranacea, 3-5-partita foliolis
ovatis vel rhomboideo-ovatis, paucidentatis. Capitula minute radi-
ata, pansa ad anthesin tantum circ. 6-7 mm. lata et 5-6 mm. alta.
1 1 assume that "nivei (nee albi)" is not a misprint and construe it in appar-
ently the only permissible way: "snowy-white (also, not white)."
2 There are four sheets pinned together; one, correctly labeled Bidens pilosa;
a second, labeled "B. pilosa variety" and determined by me as B. pilosa; a third,
from the Hortus Upsalensis, with merely the inscription "Radio albo," and
belonging to B. pilosa var. minor; a fourth, with the inscription (on back of sheet,
"Rumph. amb. 6, t. 15") and identified by me as B. pilosa.
3 It may be noted that O. E. Schulz has likewise declined, in his writings upon
Bidens, to adopt the name chinensis for this variety.
430 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Flores ligulati circ. 4 vel 5, flavidi, circ. 4 mm. longi. Achaenia circ.
18-24, linearia, nigra, biaristata, 6-10 exteriora clavata atro-rubida
corpore tantum circ. 4-5 mm. longa aristis demum saepe caducis,
interiora nigra magis attenuata corpore 9-14 mm. longa.
Type specimen : Collected by Christian Julius Wilhelm Schiede, in
shady places between Las Trojes and Hacienda de la Trinidad, State
of Michoacan, Mexico, October (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in State of Michoa-
can, Mexico.
Specimens examined : Schiede (type and 2 cotype specimens, Berl.).
Bidens pilosa var. 7. radiata Schz. Bip. in Barker-Webb
& Berthelot, Hist. Canar. Ill, 2": 242. 1836-1850.
PI. GUI, figs. a-h.
Coreopsis leucanthema L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 291. 1759 (exclud. syn.
Tournef.); Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1228. 1759.
Coreopsis coronata L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 2: 1281 (ex syn. Vaill. et Plum.
sed non ex descript. vel patria).
Coreopsis leucantha L. op. cit. 1282.
Kerneria tetragona Moench, Meth. 595. 1794 (ex descript.).
Bidens leucantha (L.) Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1719. 1804.
Kerneria leucantha (L.) Cass. Diet. Sci. Nat. 24: 398. 1822.
Bidens abortiva Schum. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PI. 155 (381). 1827
(ex descript.).
Bidens adhaerescens Veil. Fl. Flum. 348, 8, pi. 88. 1827 (pro parte).1
Bidens striata Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. ser. 1. 3, pi. 237. 1828.
Bidens oxyodonta DC. Prodr. 5: 600. 1836.
Bidens pilosa L radiata Schz. Bip. in Krauss, Beitr. Fl. Cap. Natal.
77. 1846 (ex synon. B. leucantha Willd., excl. plantam Kraussii
quae5. biternata var. glabrata f. abyssinica est).
Bidens pilosa var. leucantha (L.) Harv. Fl. Cap. 3: 133. 1865; cf.
0. Hoffm. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV, 5: 244.
1890.
Kerneria pilosa var. radiata (Schz. Bip.) Lowe, Man. Fl. Madeira 1:
474. 1868.
Bidens pilosa var. leucantha f. subsimplicifolia, f. ternata, f. pilosior,
and f. subbiternata O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 322. 1891.2
1 For treatment of B. adhaerescens see under B. pilosa proper. This name was
spelled B. adherescens on the plate cited (pi. 88).
2 At least as to his synoptical arrangement of forms. The descriptions given
by Kuntze are hasty and inadequate; they do not admit of identification. Nor
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXIII
BIDENS ANDICOLA H.B.K. (figs, a-d, h-p); var. COSMANTHA (Griseb.) Sherff (fig. e);
var. DECOMPOSITA O. Ktze. (figs. /, g)
of
THE GENUS BIDENS 431
Acocotli quauhuahuacensis Hernandez ex Mat. Med. Mex. 2: 154.
1898 (pro parte; cf. var. bimucronatam) .
Bidens pilosa var. humilis Walp. ex Reiche, Fl. Chile 4: 102. 1905
(Bidens leucantha var. /3. Meyen & Walp. Nov. Act. Acad. Caes.
Leop. Carol. 19, Suppl. 1: 271. 1843). l
Bidens leucanthema (L.) Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutsch. ed. 2. 13:
159. 1905.
Bidens pilosa sub var. radiata (Schz. Bip.) Pitard ex Pitard & Proust,
lies Canar. Fl. de Archipel. 226. 1908.
Bidens Wallichii var. albiflora Max. ex Matsum. Ind. PI. Jap. 2, pt. 2:
631. 1912 (ex syn. B. leucantha Willd.).
Bidens pilosa var. albiflora Max. in Somoku Dzusetsu, ed. Makino
(Iconogr. PI. Nippon) 15: pi. 58. 1912.
a. Caules vel rami inferiores plerumque decumbentes.
b. Caules magni, demum 1.5-3 m. longi f. 3. decumbens.
b. Caules parvi, plerumque 1-3 dm. longi f . 2. Dondiaefolia.
a. Planta erecta.
b. Folia plerumque 3-5-partita var. radiata sensu stricto.
6. Folia indivisa f. 1. indivisa.
Caulis parum humilior, foliorum foliolis forsan saepius ovatis.
Capitula radiata, pansa ad anthesin 1.5-3 cm. lata et 7-9 mm.
alta. Flores ligulati 5 vel 6, ligula elliptico-obovati, apice subtrun-
cati, albi vel luteoli, saepe nervis purpurascentibus percursi vel raro
omnino rosacei vel purpurascentes, 0.7-1.5 cm. longi. Achaenia ple-
rumque breviora, 5-9 (rarissime -12) mm. longa. Aliter a specie
videtur non differe.
Type specimen: Collected somewhere in America, the exact
locality not stated. See discussion below.
Distribution: Abundant in Florida; occurring infrequently in
Louisiana, Arizona, and California; distributed widely through
Mexico, Central America, and South America to Chile and southern-
most Brazil; in Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and on many
other islands of the West Indies; in Africa scattered from Egypt,
can they always be definitely applied on having recourse to Kuntze's herbarium
specimens (e.g., in Herb. N. Y.), as he labeled his plants so carelessly that widely
different forms are found to have been given the same name (cf. O. E. Schulz,
Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 139. 1911: "Sine dubio pleraque specimina ab O. Kuntze
I.e. commemorata ad species propinquas pertinent").
1 Original description inadequate: "/3, humilis, spithamaea, foliis plerisque
simplicibus, paucis uniiugis, capitulis solitariis. Brasilia: Rio de laneiro." Refer-
ence to var. radiata is made here solely because the original description was set by
its authors (Meyen and Walpers) under "Bidens leucantha Willd."
432 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Tunis, etc., southward through British East Africa, Dar-fur of the
Sudan, Rhodesia, etc., to the Cape of Good Hope; in Asia from Corea
southward through China to Siam and westward into British East
India; also in the Liu-kiu Islands, the Canary Islands, and many
other insular groups of tropical regions. l Rarely adventive on ballast,
etc., outside its natural range (e.g., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).
Specimens examined: R. C. Alexander, Diablo, Jamaica, 1849
(Kew) and 1850 (Gray; Kew); anon. (Linn., sub nom. Leucanthema
radio albo) ; anon., Navy Yard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Septem-
ber, 1868 (Phila.); A. A. Baldwin 47, Merritt's Isl., Florida, De-
cember 17, 1892 (Penn.) ; Gust. Bernoulli 1205, Chojoja near Maza-
tenango, Guatemala, December, 1870 (Berl.; Del.; Kew; N.Y.);
Bernoulli & Cario 1492, eodem loco et tempore (Berl.; Kew); iidem
1552, Quezaltenango, Guatemala, July, 1876 (Kew); Bert ero, Isl. Santo
Domingo (Berl.; Del.; type material of Bidens oxyodonta DC.);
idem 844, Quillota, Chile (Del}; Bitting 1297, Ovedo, Florida, March
13, 1892 (Field) ; J. C. Blumer 2144, alt. 1,680 meters, Wilgus Ranch,
Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September 4, 1907 (Field); B. G. C.
Bolland 6, Meadi, Cairo, Egypt, January 10, 1913 (Kew); Charles
Bolle, Teneriffe, Canary Isls., November 17, 1851 (Berl.; var. minori
adpropinquans) ; Joseph Bornmuller 2437, Santa Cruz, Palma,
Canary Isls., April 24, 1901 (Del; Mo.; Phila.); MateoBotteri, Mexico,
in 1856 (Del., 2 sheets); E. Bourgeau 215 pro parte, somewhat moist
places, Mesa de Mota, Teneriffe, Canary Isls., January 23, 1845
(Kew; var. minori adpropinquans); idem 847 pro parte, moist fields,
St. Sebastian, Gomera, Canary Isls., April 11, 1849 (Del.); idem
2253, Valley of Cordoba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, in 1866 (Kew); idem
2561, abundant at Orizaba, Mexico, July 8, 1866 (Del., 2 sheets;
Kew); idem 2681, region of Orizaba, Mexico, July 17, 1866 (Berl.;
Cop.; Gray; Kew; U.S.);L. J. K. Brace 1946, Cherokee (Cheroki)
Sound, Great Abaco Isl., Bahamas, December 29, 1904 (Field);
idem 5091, Andros Isl., Bahamas, August 18-September 10, 1906
(Field); A. C. Brade 2167, Tablazo, Costa Rica, December 21, 1908
(Berl.) ; N. L. & E. G. Britton & J. A. Shafer 158, Tampa, Florida,
March 7-8, 1903 (Cam.) ; N. L. Britton & C. F. Millspaugh 2596,
waste places, Eight Mile Rock, Great Bahama Isl., Bahamas,
February 5-13, 1905 (Field); W. E. Broadway 2690, San Juan,
1 Biologically the var. radiata is best typified by such material as is found in
Florida and the West Indies, while the var. minor is best typified by specimens of
the Orient. In the Canary Islands and a few other places these two varieties tend
to approach each other or to intergrade. In Mexico and the West Indies var.
radiata tends at times to approach var. bimucronafa.
THE GENUS BIDENS 433
Trinidad, West Indies, May 20, 1908 (Field) ; Stewardson Brown 14,
Mandeville, Jamaica, February 15-26, 1910 (Phila.); idem & N.L.
Britton 125, waste land, Paget, Bermuda, August 31-September 20,
1905 (Field; Kew); iidem 179, Hamilton, Bermuda, August 31-
September 20, 1905 (Field; Phila.); Otto Buchtien 117, alt. 2,450
meters, Cotafia, on the Ilimani River, Bolivia, November, 1911
(Del., 2 sheets; Gray; Kew) ; Emile Burdet 300, Egypt, November 22,
1889 (Del.); A. B. Burgess 575, New Smyrna, Florida, March 29-31,
1904 (Berl.); idem 639, Cape Canaveral, Florida, April 2-5, 1904
(Berl.) ; Dr. & Mrs. P. P. Calvert, Cartago, Costa Rica, November 30,
1909 (Penn.); J. R. Churchill, Port Antonio, Jamaica, March 7-26,
1897 (Field; Gray); W. N. Clute 33, Bog Walk, Jamaica, February 4,
1900 (Phila.); F. S. Collins 21, roadside, Walsingham, Bermuda,
April 28, 1912 (Gray); idem 44, roadside near Flatts, Bermuda,
May 1, 1912 (Gray); idem 301, very common, roadside, Flatts,
Bermuda, July 27, 1913 (Berl.; Kew); idem 302, roadside, Paget,
Bermuda, August 21, 1913 (Berl. ; Kew) ; Rob. Combs 432, Cieneguita,
Distr. Cienfuegos, Prov. Santa Clara, Cuba, August 8 (fide lectoris
ipsius inscript.), 1895 (Berl.; Gray; Kew; Mo.); Alice C. Cook 694
pro parte, Tafira, Gran Canaria, Canary Isls., June, 1897 (Cam.;
Phila.); T. Cooper 2520, Cape of Good Hope, Natal, 1862 (Kew;
var. minori adpropinquans) ; J. P. Couthouy, Andes, Quito, Ecuador.
1855 (Phila.); A. H. Curtiss 658, waste places near Havana, Cuba,
February 25, 1905 (Brit.; Cop.; Del.; Field; Kew; Mo.; Mun.);
idem 1498, Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, June (Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.;
Gray; Kew; Kiel; Mun.; Penn.; U.V.); idem 5387, cultivated and
waste grounds, Palm Beach, Florida, May 13, 1895 (Boiss.; Del.;
Kew; U.V.); W. J. Dowson 189, Nairobi, British East Africa, Sep-
tember 27, 1915 (Kew); Eggers 3379, Je>e"mie, Haiti, January 18,
1888 (Cop.) ; idem 3982, Fortune Isl., Bahamas, February 11, 1888
(Cop.); C. Ehrenberg 440 pro parte, Mineral del Monte, Hidalgo,
Mexico, October (Berl.) ; idem 471, Real del Monte (Berl.) ; A. Fendler
695 pro parte, near Tovar, Venezuela, 1854-1855 (Del. ; e Bidente
domingensi 0. E. Schz. vix differt) ; J. R. Ferrie 95, Naze, Isl. Amainie-
Oshema, Riu-Kiu (Loo-choo, Liu-kiu, etc.) Isls., March-April, 1897
(Del.); Nettie F.Flynn 79, Bermuda, March 16, 1910 (Mo.); A.Fred-
holm 6277, Hillsborough Co., Florida, February 28, 1904 (Gray);
H. Galeotti 2278, moist fields, Cordillera, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico,
October, 1840 (Del.); G. F. Gaumer, Izamal, Yucatan, Mexico, in
1888 (Kew) ; idem 129, Cozumel Isl., Quintana Roo, Mexico, June 11,
1885 (Kew; Phila.); idem 451 p.p., Izamal, Yucatan, Mexico, 1895
434 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
(Gray; Kew; Mo.); idem 632, Yucatan (Berl.; Boiss.; Mo.); idem
1469, Chichankanab, Yucatan, Mexico (Berl.); Gay, Coquimbo,
Chile, 1839 (Del.); Germain, in fields, Quillota, Chile, 1855-1856
(Del., 2 sheets); J. M. Greenman 172, near Cordoba, Vera Cruz,
January 25, 1906 (Field); Josiah Gregg, Parras, Coahuila, Mexico,
May 16, 1847 (Gray); J. W. Harshberger, Big Hammock, Miami,
Florida, August 12, 1911 (Penn.); idem, bay beach, Sanibel Isl.,
Lake Okeechobee, Florida, June 10, 1912 (Penn.); idem 89, Navy
Isl., Port Antonio, Jamaica, July 10, 1901 (Phila.); A. A. Heller
6428, in sand near the sea at Santurce, Puerto Rico, January 19,
1903 (Field; Del.; Mo.); idem et uxor 6, Puerto Rico, 1899 (Brit.;
Kew); Aug. Henry 1111, Ichang, Prov. Hu-peh, China, communic.
September, 1886 (Gray; Kew; var. minori adpropinquans) ; Heyde
& Lux 3404, alt. 1,800 meters, San Miguel Uspantan, Dept.
Quiche", Guatemala, May, 1892 (Field); iidem 3788, Guatemala,
1892 (Field); A. S. Hitchcock 135, Fort Myers, Florida, July-August,
1900 (Gray); E. W. D. Holway 29, San Rafael, Dept. Guatemala,
Guatemala, January 7, 1915 (Gray; forma valde pilosa); ex Hort.
Soc. Hort. Lond., September 6, 1829 (Kew; sub nom. Bidente striata
Sw.; foliis vere var. radiatae non var. bimucronatae ; radiis immaturis
sed certe distinguentibus; facie paulum ei f. decumbentis simili);
Jameson, Ecuador (Mus. V.); 0. E. Jennings 497, near Caleto
Grande, Isle of Pines, West Indies, May 22, 1910 (Cam.); M. E.
Jones, alt. 1,650 meters, Huachuca Mts., Arizona, September 3,
1903 (N.Y.); ex herb. 0. Kuntzei, Caquaj, Puerto Rico, March 8,
1874 (N.Y., sub nom. Bidente pilosa L. a. leucanthasubsimplicifolia);
F. C. Lehmann 3596, cultivated ground at alt. 1,860 meters, Chapa,
Cauca, Colombia, February 29, 1884 (Berl.; Boiss.; var. minori
adpropinquans); idem 5664, alt. 1,000-2,000 meters, highlands of
Popayan, Colombia (Kew); E. C. Leonard 3466, Port au Prince,
Haiti, April 1-2, 1920 (Del.) ; A.Letourneux 79, Hagueret-en-Naouatie
and at the canal, near Alexandria, Lower Egypt, April 15, 1877
(Berl., 3 sheets; Boiss.; Mus. V.); C. 0. Levine, Honam Isl., Kwang-
tung Prov., China, October 13-November 9, 1916 (Calif.; nom.
sinense Kam p'un ngan chan) ; F. M. Liebmann 630, Mexico, February
1841 (Cop.); idem 631, Mirador, Vera Cruz, Mexico, October-
November, 1841 (Cop.) ; idem 650, Jicaltepec, Vera Cruz, April, 1841
(Cop.); J. J. Linden 1201, Mirador, Vera Cruz, February, 1839
(Kew); Lloyd 1042, Jamaica, January, 1892 (Mo.); H. Lynes 601,
alt. 1,080 meters, Kubue, Darfur, Sudan, August, 1921 (Kew);
J. F. Macbride 2899 and 2901, alt. about 2,400 meters, Matucana,
Field Museum of Natural History Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXIV
b ad
BIDENS ANDICOLA var. COSMANTHA (Griseb.) Sherff
Of
THE GENUS BIDENS 435
Peru, March 14-18, 1923 (Field; forma radiis plerumque 5-8 mm.
longis et saepius subflavidis); E. E. Maire, alt. 2,500 meters, cul-
tivated places, plain of Tong-tchouan, China, September, 1912
(Del., 2 sheets); Alexander Mathews 1750, Peru, 1835 (Kew); C. F.
Millspaugh 144, Catano, Puerto Rico, January 6-11, 1899 (Field);
idem 1446 and 1464, Cape Corrientes, Cuba, February 17, 1899
(Field) ; idem 1854, Navy Island, Jamaica, November, 1900 (Field) ;
idem 2222, Lake Cunningham, Isl. New Providence, Bahamas,
April 8, 1904 (Field); idem 2363, South Bimini Isl., Bahamas, April
15, 1904 (Field); idem 2419, South Cat Cay, Bahamas, April 16,
1904 (Field) ; idem & C. M. Millspaugh 9087, rocky plain, Jackson-
ville, Isl. East Caicos, Bahamas, February 26-27, 1911 (Field);
Frederick Muller 1194, Orizaba region, Vera Cruz, 1853 (Mus. V.);
Max Muller, Havana, Cuba (Berl.); G. V. Nash 653, Eustis, Florida,
May 1-15, 1894 (Berl.; Boiss.; Del.; Kew; U.V.); idem 1360, eodem
loco, July 16-31, 1894 (Phila.); E. W. Nelson 1300, alt. 1,500-1,590
meters, Valley of Oaxaca, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, September 20,
1894 (U.S.); J. I. & A. R. Northrop 36, Nassau, New Providence,
Bahamas, January, 1890 (Boiss. ; Kew) ; Edward Palmer 420, Saltillo,
Coahuila, Mexico, September, 1898 (Gray); B. H. Patterson, Day-
tona, Florida, November 25, 1917 (Cam.); F. W. Pennell 13603,
alt. 3,300-3,400 meters, bushy slope of canyon, San Sebastian, Dept.
Cuzco, Peru, April 25, 1925 (Field); A. Penther 1223, South Africa,
October 24, 1894 (Mun.); E. Pincherle, in fields, near Tunis, Tunis,
January 21, 1895 (Field); H. Pittier 6990, alt. 1,500 meters, San
Rafael de Cartago, Costa Rica, August 28, 1892 (Gray); Eduard
Poeppig, Cochero, Dept. Huanuco, Peru, in 1830 (Mus. V.); C. L.
Pollard, G. N. Collins, & E. L. Morris 59, Sugar Loaf Key, Florida,
March 12-14, 1898 (Del.; Field); C. G. Pringle 193, valley, Jimulco,
Coahuila, Mexico (Boiss.; Del.; Field; Kew; Mus. V.; U.V.; forma
var. minori et specie ipsi adpropinquans) ; Christen Raunkiaer 1083,
San Juan, Puerto Rico, April 3, 1906 (Cop.); E. M. Reineck, ditch,
City of Telotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, November, 1903
(Del.); Rivet 261, Quito, Ecuador, October, 1902 (Par.); idem 614,
Ecuador, June, 1904 (Par., var. bimucronatae adpropinquans) ; Rojas
273, alt. 650 meters, San Carlos, Dept. Retalhuleu, Guatemala,
March 22, 1921 (Mo.); J. N. Rose 2636, near Monte Escobedo,
Zacatecas, Mexico, August 26, 1897 (U.S.); idem, Fitch, & Russell
4237, San Pedro de Macoris, Santo Domingo, March, 1913 (U.S.);
J. N. Rose & J. Painter 6638, Tequixquiac, Hidalgo, Mexico, Aug-
ust 30, 1903 (U.S.) ; iidem & J. S. Rose 9917, near Tehuacan, Puebla,
436 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
August 30-September 8, 1905 (U.S.) ; J. T. Rothrock, Manatee Co.,
Florida, February 25, 1887 (Penn.); idem 297, Fortune Isl., Bahamas,
November 27, 1890 (Phila.); Ryan, Montserrat, West Indies (Cop.);
R. de la Sagra 22, Cuba, 1836 (Del.) ; Salle, Orizaba region, Vera Cruz,
Mexico (Del.) ; idem 136, 137, and 151, Orizaba, Vera Cruz, 1854-1855
(Del.); A. Sauliere 26, Kodai-kanal Station, Pulney Hills, Madura
District, Presidency of Madras, India, 1914 (Del.); idem 156, alt.
1,800 meters, Shembaganur, Madura District, Presidency of Madras,
September 6, 1913 (Kew); C. J. W. Schiede 344, in thickets near
Jalapa (Xalapa), Vera Cruz, Mexico, about 1829 (Berl.); Schindler
430, alt. 250 meters, Feng-shih in the valley of the Han River, Distr.
of Yung- ting, southwest Fukien (Fu-kien), China, January, 1909
(Del.; Mus. V.); R. H. Schomburgk 121, Isl. Santo Domingo (Kew);
Schott 118, Havana, Cuba, November 3, 1864 (Brit.); idem 533,
Me>ida, Yucatan, Mexico, July 26, 1865 (Brit.); JosepK Schrenk,
on ballast, Jersey City, New Jersey, October, 1879 (N.Y.);Eduard
& Caecilie Seler 175, near Tancanhuitz, San Luis Potosi, Mexico,
February, 1888 (Berl.); J. A. Shafer, Pinar del Rio, Prov. Pinar del
Rio, Cuba, April 25, 1903 (Cam.); idem 30, Madruga, Prov. Havana,
Cuba, April 1, 1903 (Cam.) ; P. Sintenis 1148, along roads, Baya-
mon, Puerto Rico, March 23, 1885 (Boiss.; Kew; Mun.); idem 5173,
on grassy slopes at Guayabala, Puerto Rico, September 26, 1886
(Mus. V.; Phila.); idem 6779, Manati, Puerto Rico, April, 1887
(Cam.); Edith Skene 139, very common, Kavirondo, British East
Africa, 1907-1908 (Del.) ; C. L. Smith 1501 and 1521, San Francisco
(near Vera Cruz), Vera Cruz, Mexico, May, 1894 (Gray) ; H. H. Smith,
Santa Marta, Colombia, 1898-1901 (Phila.); idem 2668, eodem loco
et tempore (Del.; Mo.); U. C. Smith, Georgiana, Florida, January
24, 1891 (Phila.) ; R. Spruce 4610, near Tarapoto, Dept. San Martin,
Peru, 1855-1856 (Mus. V.); R. J. Stordy 23, alt. 4,200 meters,
Hacienda Altosaica, Dept. Junin, Peru (Kew); E. Taquet 2991, in
hedges, Isl. Quelpaert, Corea, November, 1909 (Del.); Norman
Taylor 133, Sevilla Estate, Guama River Basin, near Santiago,
Cuba, August 31, 1906 (Phila.); idem 500, alt., 1,020 meters, Jiqua-
rito Mt., Sierra Maestra, Sevilla Estate, near Santiago, Cuba, Sep-
tember 18, 1906 (N.Y.); Dr. & Mrs. W. R. Taylor, Fort Cristobal,
Puerto Rico, October, 1916 (Penn.); A. J. Teague 149, Odzani
River Valley, Distr. Manica, Div. Umtali, Southern Rhodesia,
1914 (Kew) ; S. M. Tracy 6456, Sneed's Isl., Florida, September 9,
1899 (Gray); idem 6921, Longboat Key, Florida, April 27, 1900
(Del.; Mus. V.); Tracy & Lloyd 495, Port Eads, Louisiana, August
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI. Plate CXXV
BIDENS MICROPHYLLA SheriT
THE GENUS BIDENS 437
21, 1900 (Brit.; Del.; Gray; Mus. V.); H. von Tuerckheim 762, alt.
1,290 meters, Coban, Dept. Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, May, 1886
(Berl.; Gray); E. Vie 6557, pampas at Tarapoto, Dept. San Martin,
Peru, November, 1902 (Berl.; Del., 2 sheets); H. A. Van Hermann
379, Santiago de las Vegas, Prov. Havana, Cuba, where "sometimes
used as a forage," Dec. 19, 1904 (Field); A.E. Wight 3, Crantstown
Village, Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas (Berl.; Field); Wilson
498, vicinity of Santiago de las Vegas, Prov. Havana, Cuba, August,
1904 (Field) ; N. P. Woodward, wool waste, North Worcester, Mas-
sachusetts, October 15, 1917 (Gray) ; Young 154, alt. 900-1,350 meters,
Vom, Bauchi Plateau, northern Nigeria, 1922 (Kew); Charles Wright
317 pro parte, eastern Cuba. 1856-1857 (Del.; Gray; Kew; Mo.).
Linnaeus, in giving the habitat of his Coreopsis leucanthema,
said, "Hab. in Amer. Miller." In the Coreopsis cover in the Linnean
Herbarium is still to be found Linnaeus' specimen. It is somewhat
immature but has one head with whitish rays. These are less well
developed than those usually found, but much more conspicuous
than those on the radiate or subradiate var. minor. The sheet is
labeled "Leucanthema radio albo." The spelling "leucanthema"
is seen to agree with that found originally in the Amoenitates Acade-
micae and not that later published (leucantha) in the second edition
of the Species Plantarum. Linnaeus cited two synonyms, the first
(Bidens americana trifolia, leucanthemi flore. Tournefort. inst.
462) being apparently that from which he derived the name leucan-
thema. In his Systema Naturae ed. 10. 2: 1228, published in 1759,
he again used the name leucanthema. Although the name leucantha
was adopted later by Willdenow (loc. cit.) and has been accepted
widely since then, the original spelling leucanthema was restored by
Krause (loc. cit.).
When we trace the above Linnean citation of Tournefort's
Institutiones, we find that Tournefort gave merely two lines for
the plant later cited by Linnaeus: "Bidens trifolia, Americana,
Leucanthemi flore. Chrysanthemum Americanum, Ciceris folio
glabro, Bellidis majoris flore Prodr. Par. Bat." Thus it is seen that
Linnaeus' first cited synonym goes back directly to the plant listed
in Hermann's Paradisi Batavi Prodromus. However, this cited plant
is the same as that listed in the somewhat later (posthumous)
Paradisus Batavus (edited by William Sherard), which was cited by
Linnaeus for his Coreopsis alba.1
1 Linnaeus' description of C. alba, the second citation, and the habitat all refer
to Herm. Par. Bat. 124, pi. 1%^, His first citation, however, is to an entirely
different plant (Coreopsis scandens, foliis serratis ternato-pinnatis, receptaculo
438 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
On studying the original Coreopsis leucanthema description and
habitat data ("Caulis trium vel quatuor pedum, .... Foliolis
quinque, rarius tribus, ovatis .... Habitat in America. Miller
..." Amoen. Acad. 4: 291. 1759), we see that Linnaeus did not
really have in mind the plant of Hermann's, but rather a plant re-
ceived from Philip Miller and perhaps the same specimen that is
left to-day in the Linnean Herbarium.1 Later, Linnaeus very clearly
showed his belief that the two plants were different specifically,
naming the Hermann plant Coreopsis alba. DeCandolle (loc. cit.)
accepted this treatment, transferring Coreopsis alba to Bidens to
accord with the position of Bidens leucantha (L.) Willd. A few
years ago I dealt with these last two names (Bot. Gaz. 64: 32. 1917),
stating that it "seems much the safer course to retain the two
names separately for the present rather than merge them as done by
O. E. Schulz." Since that time I have examined several hundreds of
additional specimens and recently have concluded that B. leucantha
and B. alba are related to each other as variety and forma (becoming
respectively, as will be seen in the following text, var. radiata and
var. radiata f. Dondiaefolia) .2
Willdenow compared his B. leucantha with B. biternata (Lour.)
Merr. & Sherff, B. pilosa L., and B. pilosa var. minor (Bl.) Sherff for
several years under cultivation and decided it to be distinct: "Jam
per plures annos cum binis sequentibus3 culta faciem servavit"
(Sp. PI. 3: 1719. 1804). Since Willdenow's time its status has been
the subject of. much difference of opinion. Asa Gray, who gave
considerable attention to this matter, wrote (Proc. Amer. Acad.
nudo. Brown, jam. 321) and must be excluded, as it conflicts with the Linnean
description (cf. DC. Prodr. 5: 605. 1836. — "Syn. Brownei a Linnaeo citatum
videtur alienum ex recept. nudo dicto"). The Browne plant, if a Bidens, was one
of the tall, yellow-flowered climbers found in Jamaica, not the lower, white-
flowered species that Linnaeus had in mind.
1 The fact that the sheet bears, as already stated, the original spelling "leucan-
tiiema" rather than the later spelling "leucantha" may be taken as evidence that
the plant is the original Miller specimen.
2 In a former article (Bot. Gaz. 64: 32. 1917), I stated the reasons for believing
that Bidens Dondiaefolia Less, was synonymous with Coreopsis alba L. Subse-
quently I have found Lessing's type (Hlle.). It matches exactly (cf. Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 81: 44. 1926) the Milller specimen (No. 148; N.Y.) formerly cited by me,
thus confirming the earlier treatment. For detailed presentation, see under var. 7.
radiata f. 2. Dondiaefolia.
3 Viz., B. biternata (B. chinensis) and B. pilosa. But Willdenow's herbarium
material of B. biternata (Willd. No. 15023) consists of 4 sheets, nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Nos. 1-3 are B. pilosa L. var. minor and only No. 4 bears true B. biternata (cf.
O. E. Schulz, in Urb. Symb. Antill. 7: 135. 1911; cf. G. Walpers— Nov. Act. Nat.
Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 271. 1843 — who erroneously interpreted Willdenow's herb. No.
15023 as being identical with his — i.e., Willdenow's — herb. No. 15022, B. pilosa
var. radiata, i.e., B. leucantha Willd.).
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXVI
BIDENS TRIPLINERVIA H.B.K. (figs, j, k); var. MACRANTHA (Wedd.) Sherff
(figs, a-t, l-v)
THE GENUS BIDENS 439
19: 16. 1884): "B. leucantha Willd. This, the Coreopsis leucanthema
L. Amoen. Acad., C. leucantha L. Sp. ed. 2,-1282 (Desc. Fl. Ant.
t. 583), and the C. coronata L. as to Plumier's plant, I take to be
quite distinct from the radiate form of B. pilosa." But 0. E. Schulz,
whose writings display a profound and comprehensive knowledge of
a number of the species of Bidens, treats B. alba, by which he means
B. leucantha Willd., as merely a variety of B. pilosa ("Einige Autoren
wollen auch jetzt noch die Abart als selbstandige Art betrachten.
Dieser Ansicht kann ich aber nicht beipflichten, weil ich oft direkte
Ubergangsformen gesehen habe." — Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl. 176. 1914).
In 1913, Dr. N. L. Britton, who had had considerable field
experience with these forms, told me that B. leucantha and B. pilosa
seemed to him unquestionably distinct species, not only in leaf and
ray but in the appression of the involucral bracts at anthesis. In
1916, however, he stated to me that as a result of further field
observations he had decided to equate the two in one species. Not-
withstanding the opinion held by Schulz, Britton, and many others,
I have until recently maintained the two as separate species. A
study of the large assemblage of specimens in Berlin has revealed,
however, several "direkte Ubergangsformen" that efface quite
effectually the specific limits and compel the adoption of a varietal
rank for the radiate form. Schultz Bipontinus' name B. pilosa var.
radiata is apparently the earliest pertaining to varietal rank.
B. striata Sweet (loc. cit.; etiam Curtis' Bot. Mag. 59: pi. 3155.
1832) is a form with large, particularly roseate rays.1
The pre-Linnean Bidens trifolia Feuill. (not listed above) is cited
by some authors (e.g., Gay, Hist. Chil. 4: 293. 1849; Reiche, Fl.
Chil. 4: 103. 1905) as a synonym for B. pilosa var alausensis (H.B.K.)
Sherff. The leaves in Feuilles' illustration (Journ. Observ. 3: 10,
pi. 4. 1725), however, match better those of B. pilosa var. radiata.-
Under the name B. leucantha the Materia Medica Mexicana (2:
153-172. 1898) gives a comprehensive treatment from the standpoints
of history, medicine, botany, etc. The treatment there doubtless
applies to the vars. radiata and bimucronata, each in part.
Bidens pilosa var. y. radiata f. 1. indivisa Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 88: 297. 1929.
A varietate ipsa foliis indivisis ovato-lanceolatisque differt.
1 A cultivated specimen given by Lindley in 1830 and formerly in Kunth's
herbarium is at Berlin (Berl.). It displays an approach to var. bimucronata
(Turcz.) O. E. Schulz.
2 Feuilles stated that he found his plant at 37° S. Lat., which is farther south
in Chile than known for other specimens of var. radiata studied as yet by me.
440 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Type specimen: Collected by J. S. DeLa Cruz, No. 1792, growing
3 feet high, Upper Rupununi River, near Dadanawa, Lat. 2° 45' N.,
British Guiana, July 24-29, 1922 (Field).
Distribution: British Guiana, West Indies, etc.
Specimens examined: Alexander, Jamaica (Gray); De La Cruz
1792 (type, Field); idem 2284, growing 2 ft. high, Upper Mazaruni
River, Long, about 60° 10' W., British Guiana, September 22-Octo-
ber 6, 1922 (Field).
In his Flora of The British West Indian Islands (p. 373. 1861),
Grisebach stated that "a remarkable form, with all the leaves simple,
hispidulous achenia, and whitish-pubescent involucres, was collected
by Dr. Alexander, but transitions into the common B. leucanthus
[i.e., B. pilosa var. radiata Schz. Bip.] occur among Mr. March's
specimens." A former study of Alexander's materials left me
unconvinced as to the value of their simple-leaved character for
drawing taxonomic distinctions. The recently collected specimens
by De La Cruz were obtained at different localities and about two
months apart, yet both reveal in all respects a striking similarity.
The leaves all are simple, thin, glabrous, the blades ovate-lanceolate,
serrate, acute or subacuminate at apex, the larger ones about 3.5-4
cm. long and 1.5-2 cm. wide, the petioles slender and 1-2 cm. long.
Compared with chance, more or less simple-leaved plants of B.
pilosa proper that are sometimes found (B. pilosa discodea Schz. Bip.
em. 1. subsimplicifolia 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 322. 1891; "folia omnia
vel plurima integra (cfr. Gris. Fl. Westindien)" — Ktze. loc. cit.),
also of B. pilosa var. radiata proper (B. pilosa var. leucantha f. sub-
simplicifolia 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 322. 1891), these plants appear to
represent a more pronounced and less ephemeral form.
Bidens pilosa var. 7. radiata f. 2. Dondiaefolia (Less.) Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 97: 607. 1936.
Coreopsis alba L. Sp. PI. ed. 1. 2: 908. 1753; ed. 2. 2: 1282. 1763
(exclud. syn. Brown).
Bidens Dondiaefolia Less. Linnaea 5: 155. 1830.
Bidens alba (L.) DC. Prodr. 5: 605. 1836.
Bidens pilosa var. alba (L.) 0. E. Schz., Urb. Symb. Antill. 7: 136. 1911.
Humilis, pier unique glabrata; caulibus vel ramis inferioribus
demissis ad nodos saepe radicantibus, basim versus ramulis saepe
sterilibus foliosisqueinstructis; foliis parvis (±2.5 cm. longis), saepius
3-partitis foliolis saepius rhomboideo-ovatis. Capitula longe et
saepius erecte pedunculata, ligulis siccis flavido-albis.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany. Vol. XVI, Plate CXXVII
BIDENS TRIPLINERVIA var. HJRTELLA (H.B.K.) Sherff
OF
OF
THE GENUS BIDENS 441
Type specimen: Collected by Christian J. W. Schiede and Ferdi-
nand Deppe, near Vera Cruz, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, about 1828
(Hll.).
Distribution: Central part of State of Vera Cruz (especially at and
near the coast), Mexico.
Specimens examined: J. M. Greenman 6, near the wharf, City
of Vera Cruz, January 22, 1906 (Field); idem 23, La Laguna, near
City of Vera Cruz, eodem temp. (Field) ;idem 97, along the shore, north
of City of Vera Cruz, January 24, 1906 (Field) ; Frederick Muller 148,
Vera Cruz, August, 1853 (N.Y.); idem 4067, Orizaba (N.Y.); C. R.
Orcutt 2666, Vera Cruz, February 16, 1910 (Field; Kew; U.S.); idem
2991, Sanborn, Vera Cruz, April 18, 1910 (Field) ; Schiede & Deppe,
near City of Vera Cruz, about 1828 (type, Hll.) ; Heinrich Wawra 206,
Soledad and vicinity (Mus. V.).
Bidens pilosa var. 7. radiata f. 3. decumbens (Greenm.)
Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 97: 607. 1936.
Bidens decumbens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 576. 1899.
Caules robustiores, decumbentes, purpurascentes, 1.5-3 m. longi;
internodiis glabris. Foliorum segmenta lateralia obovata terminale
saepe rhomboideo-ovatum. Ligulae ±2 cm. longa.
Type specimen: Collected by Cyrus Guernsey Pringle, No. 6820,
sand dunes, Tampico, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, April 29, 1898
(Gray).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in southeasternmost
Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Specimens examined: Pringle 6820 (type, Gray: cotypes, Berl.;
Boiss.; Brit.; Cam.; Del.; Field; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Par.; Phila.;
Mus. V.;U.V., etc.).
Referred in the past by me to var. radiata proper, but probably
best treated as a distinct forma because of its unique growth habit.
Bidens pilosa var. 8. bimucronata (Turcz.) 0. E. Schulz in
Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 138. 1911. PI. CIV, figs. a-4.
Bidens caracasana DC. Prodr. 5: 600. 1836.
Bidens bimucronata Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 24: 184. 1851; Walp.
Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 224. 1858.
Acocotli quauhuahuacensis Hernandez ex Mat. Med. Mex. 2: 154. 1898
(pro parte; cf. var. radiatam).
Caules et folia plerumque plus minusve glaucoideo- vel pallido-
viridia. Capitula plerumque radiata radiis candidis vel subrosaceis,
442 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
pansa ad anthesin 1-2.3 cm. lata. Achaenia saepius 6-10 mm. longa,
gracilia, circ. 0.75 mm. lata, pilis erecto-patentibus disperse hir-
suta, aristis omnino deficientibus exaristata vel aristis 1-2 (rariter
-4) plerumque tantum 0.5-1 mm. longis munita.
Type specimen: Collected by Benedict Jaeger, No. 146, on the
Island of Santo Domingo (Petrop.).
Distribution: In Mexico from states of San Luis Potosi, Coahuila,
Chihuahua, and Sinaloa southeastward to states of Chiapas and
Yucatan, also, but rarely, on certain of the West Indies (Jamaica,
Santo Domingo, Trinidad) and in northern Venezuela; found in 1879
(Martindale, Parker) on ballast at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Specimens examined: Alwin Aschenborn, Mexico, 1872 (Berl.);
idem 72, Mexico (Berl.); J. L. Berlandier 756, Chapultepec, State of
Mexico, 1827 (Brit.; Del.; Par., 2 sheets); idem 1138 pro parte,
Toluca, State of Mexico, October, 1827 (Kiel; Mus. V., 2 sheets;
Webb; type material of Bidens Caucalidea DC. and Bidens Dau-
cifolia DC.; formae odoratae adpropinquans et in herb. DC. Prodr.
in Del. illae formae propior) ; E. Bourgeau 148 pro parte, fields and
borders of ditches near City of Mexico, State of Mexico, May 23,
1865 (Del.; Petrop.); idem 188, fields, eodem loco et tempore (Kew);
idem 811, borders of the roads to Los Banos, State of Mexico,
August 14, 1865 (Berl.; Boiss., 2 sheets; Cop.; Del.; Kew, 2 sheets;
Mun.); C. Conzatti & V, Gonzalez 996, alt. 1,750 meters, State of
Oaxaca, Mexico, July- August, 1900 (Berl.); A. Duges, in garden near
Guanajuato, State of Guanajuato, 1891 (Gray) ; C. Ehrenberg, Haiti
(Berl.); idem 440 pro parte, Regla, Hidalgo, Mexico (Berl.); idem
442 pro parte, Mexico, October (Berl., cum forma odorata lecta);
H. Galeotti 2370, near Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico, 1840
(Del.); G. F. Gaumer 451 p.p., Izamal, Yucatan, Mexico (Berl.;
Gray; Kew; N.Y., 2 sheets); August Ghiesbreght 556, Chiapas, etc.,
southern Mexico, flowering from July to November, 1864-1870
(Gray; Mo.); Josiah Gregg 236 pro parte, State of Puebla, Mexico,
July 13, 1848 (Mo., cum f. odorata commixt.); idem 2366 pro parte
(Kew, cum f. odorata commixt.); C. V. Hartman 564 pro parte, State
of Chihuahua, Mexico, Sept. 8, 1892 (Gray, cum f. odorata lecta);1
Hooker, Jamaica, 1843 (Kew); Theodor Hartweg 1608 p.p., "Cali-
fornia" (? Brit.);2 Hort. BeroL, cult, anno 1831, e seminibus mexi-
1 "As young eaten with pinole [Mexican cereal meal] and salt, boiled" (fide
Hartmanii).
2 "California" perhaps erroneous. Cf. Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 4:
127. 1886: "owing to their having been incorrectly localized in the Hookerian
herbarium."
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXVIII
B1DENS TRIPLINERVIA var. MACRANTHA (Wedd.) Sherff (figs, j-p); var. MOLLIS
(Poepp. & Endlich.) Sherff (figs, a-i )
OF Tlit
UNIVERSITY OF IUINGJS
THE GENUS BIDENS 443
canis a Deppeo missis (Berl., 3 sheets, sub nominibus Bidente retusa
Link et Coreopside retusa Link); Jaeger 146 (type, Petrop.); J- G.
Lemmon 2766, near Fort Huachuca, Arizona, 1882 (Gray, formae
odoratae paulum adpropinquans; idem 2767, eodem loco, 1883 (Gray,
2 sheets; formae odoratae paulo adpropinquans) ; F. M. Liebmann 649,
Chinantla, Puebla, Mexico, May, 1841 (Cop., forma); idem 655,
Tehuacan, Puebla, December, 1841 (Cop., sub nom. Bidente tehua-
cana Klatt); /. C. Martindale, on ballast, Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania, September, 1879 (Phila., 2 sheets); E. W. Nelson 3492, alt.
1,740-1,950 meters, Valley of Comitan, Chiapas, Mexico, December
8, 1895 (U.S.); C. R. Orcutt, Mexico, 1910-1911 (Kew); idem 3656,
Olivar, Federal Distr., Mexico, August 17, 1910 (Mo.); idem 4335,
Santa Fe, Morelos, Mexico, August 25, 1910 (Mo.) ; Edward Palmer 3,
Durango and vicinity, State of Durango, Mexico, April-November,
1896 (Berl.; Brit.; Mo.); idem 263, shady places in gardens and old
fields, eodem loco, June, 1896 (Gray); idem 282, southwestern Chi-
huahua, Mexico, August-November, 1885 (Gray); idem 673 pro
parte, Durango and vicinity, Mexico, April-November, 1896 (Gray;
Kew); idem 676, eodem loco (Berl.); C. F. Parker, on ballast,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 20, 1879 (Phila.); Parry &
Palmer 484 pro parte, Mexico, 1878 (Mo.; U.S.); C. G. Pringle
9859, alt. 2,040 meters, waste places, Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico, Sep-
tember 20, 1902 (Berl. ; Cam. ; Field; Kew; N.Y. ; U.S.) ; C. A. Purpus,
Sierra de Parras, Coahuila, Mexico, March, 1905 (Calif.); idem 1544
p. p. (pro partibus f. odorata et B. Ostruthioides) , fields, southern
Mexico, November, 1905 (Calif.; Gray; Mo.; U.V., etc.; forma
achaeniis nonnullarum plantarum exaristatis, aliarum aristatis);
idem 1905, eodem loco, November, 1906 (Berl.); Rose & Hay 5828,
near Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico, August 1-2, 1901 (U.S.); Rose &
Painter 7781, near Aguascalientes, State of Aguascalientes, Mexico,
October 10, 1903 (U.S.) ; Rose, Standley, & Russell 13405, San Bias,
Sinaloa, Mexico, March 24, 1910 (N.Y.); iidem 13584, along the
river, Fuerte, Sinaloa, Mexico, March 27, 1910 (N.Y.); Baron
de Schack, Trinidad, West Indies (Kew); J. G. Schaffner, on moun-
tains and in cultivated places, Mexico, 1880 (Gray; nom. vernac.
aceitillo; planta usitatissima fide Schaffneri); idem 206, State of San
Luis Potosi, Mexico, October, 1879 (Berl. ; Boiss. ; Gray; Kiel; Mun.);
idem (similiter) 206, in sandy places about City of San Luis Potosi,
September, 1876 (Berl.; Gray}; idem 239, Valley of Mexico, State of
Mexico (Par., 2 sheets); Alb. Schmitz 80 p. p., eodem loco (Mus. V., 3
sheets); idem 81, eodem loco (Mus. V., 3 sheets); idem 251, Mexico
444 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
(Berl.; Brit.; Mus. V.); idem 542, fields, Mexico (Brit.; Mus. V.; f.
odomtae adpropinquans) ; idem 629, Mexico (Berl.); Walther Schu-
mann 10 pro parte, Mexico, August 20, 1884 (Berl., cum f. odorata;
Brit.; Mun.; Mus. V.; U.V.); idem 12, Mexico, September 20, 1884
(U.S.); Eduard & Caecilie Seler 308, near Axayapictla, Distr. Morelos,
Morelos, Mexico, December 17, 1887 (Berl.); iidem 572 et 579, near
Chihuahua, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, November, 1887 (Berl.);
iidem 1142, Obregon, Guanajuato, Mexico, October 13, 1895 (Kew;
N.Y.); Uhde 616 and 623, Mexico (Berl.); W. J. Vargas 210, about
Caracas, Venezuela, 1830 (Del., type oi Bidens caracasana DC.).
The name Bidens caracasana DC. has been carelessly treated by
botanists, having been referred to a number of widely different species.
The DeCandolle Prodromus Herbarium (Del.) contains two sheets
of type material, Vargas 210, Caracas, Venezuela, in 1830. All of this
material is the form represented by the type of B. bimucronata Turcz.,
reduced by 0. E. Schulz (loc. cit.) to a variety of B. pilosa L.
Bidens pilosa var. 8. bimucronata f. 1. odorata (Cav.) Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 81: 41. 1926. PI. CV and PI. CVI, figs. a-h.
Bidens odorata Cav. Icon. 1: 9 and pi. 13. 1791.
Coreopsis Ferulaefolia var. odoratissima (Cav. ex Pers.) Pers. Syn.
PI. 2:477. 1807.
Coreopsis odoratissima Cav. ex Pers. loc. cit.
Coreopsis odorata (Cav.) Poir. in Lam. & Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 350.
1811 ; Atlas pi. 704, fig.l.
Cosmos tenellus H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 188 (240). 1820.
Coreopsis multifida DC. Prodr. 5: 573. 1836.
Coreopsis muliifida var. mutica DC. loc. cit.
Bidens Daucifolia DC. op. cit. 601.
Bidens Ferulaefolia var. odoratissima (Cav. ex Pers.) DC. op. cit. 603.
Bidens Caucalidea DC. op. cit. 604.
Bidens Bonplandii Schz. Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 308. 1852-
1857.
Bidens inermis Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 23: 278. 1888.
Bidens Deamii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 56: 490. 1913.
Bidens ramosissima Sherff, op. cit. 491.
Bidens barrancae Jones, Extracts Contr. West. Bot. 18: 82. 1933
(vix typica).
Folia plus dissecta, plerumque bi- vel rarius tripinnata, seg-
mentis angustioribus.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany. Vol. XVI. Plate CXXIX
b a d
BIDENS SERRULATA (Poir.) Desf.
OF Tht
a?
THE GENUS BIDENS 445
Type specimen: Observed in flowering condition in the Royal
Garden of Madrid, November 24 (anno non dicto), growing from
material obtained originally near the City of Mexico.1
Distribution : In Mexico from southern Chihuahua southeastward
along the interior region to the State of Oaxaca; very rare in Guate-
mala, where giving way to var. calcicola and its f . dissecta.
Specimens examined: Bro. Adole 63 (Arsene distrib. No. 6350)
pro parte, alt. 1,600 meters, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, 1911 (Mo.;
U.S.); Bro. Agniel (Arsene distrib. No. 10430), Quere"taro, Mexico,
1910-1913 (U.S.); anon. (Del., type of Coreopsis multifida DC.);
Bro. G. Arsene, alt. 2,150 meters, near Hacienda Santa Barbara,
Barranca de la Alseseca, Puebla, State of Puebla, Mexico, 1907
(U.S.; cum var. lecta et commixt.); idem, azotea de San Pedro
near Puebla, September 27, 1908 (U.S.); idem 497, alt. 2,175 meters,
azotea del Colegio de San Pedro y San Pablo, Puebla, August 25,
1906 (U.S.); idem 497a, garden, Puebla, August 30, 1906 (U.S.);
idem 4976, alt. 2,173 meters, College of San Pedro and San Pablo,
Puebla, September 23, 1906 (U.S.); idem 497c, alt. 2,173 meters,
azotea del Colegio de San Pedro y San Pablo, September 13,
1906 (U.S.); idem 1813, alt. 2,155 meters, Molino de Huexotitla,
Puebla, October 20, 1907 (Gray; U.S.); idem 2340, alt. 2,170 meters,
azotea del Colegio de San Pedro y San Pablo, Puebla, September 27,
1907 (U.S.) ; J. L. Berlandier 1138 pro parte, Valley of Toluca, State
of Mexico, September, 1827 (Berl.; Del.; Gray; Hll.; Mus. V.; Par.,
type material of Bidens Caucalidea DC. and B. Daucifolia DC.;
cum var. ipsa lecta) ; E. Bourgeau 148 pro parte, edges of ditches,
Valley of Mexico, State of Mexico, May 23, 1865 (Par. ; forma magna
et pro parte var. ipsi adpropinquans) ; idem 812 pro parte, Guada-
lupe, State of Mexico, August 14-24, 1865 (Boiss.; Kew; Par., 3
sheets sub nom. Bidente montana; Petrop.; plantae nunc var.
bimucronata ipsa nunc /. odorata nunc plus minusve intermedia);
idem 813 pro parte, upon terraces about homes, Mexico, State of
Mexico, August 30, 1865 (Berl.; Boiss.; Cop.; Del., 2 sheets; Gray;
Kew; Par., 4 sheets sub nom. Bidente maculata; U.S.; hie illic cumB.
bipinnata commixt.) ; ex herb. Cavanillesii (Brit., 3 sheets, sub nomini-
bus Coreopside odorata, C. odoratissima et Cosmide odorato} ; Thomas
Coulter 380, Zimapan, Hidalgo, Mexico (Kew); C. C. Deam, Cholula,
Puebla, Mexico, January 1, 1899 (Field; type of Bidens Deamii
1 Material (three specimens) from Cavanilles' herbarium is in the Herbarium of
the British Museum of Natural History. Precisely identical material, from
Pavon's herbarium, is in the Boissier Herbarium and may safely be regarded as
coming from Cavanilles' original plants.
446 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Sherff); A. Duges 471, State of Guanajuato, Mexico, 1891 (Gray);
C.Ehrenberg 441, Mexico (Berl.);idem 442 pro parte, Regla, Hidalgo,
Mexico (Kew, cum var. ipsa lecta); Josiah Gregg 39, valley near
Saltillo, Coahuila, May 7, 1848 (Mo.); idem 236 pro parte, State of
Puebla, Mexico (Mo., cum var. ipsa lecta); idem 2366 pro parte
(Kew, cum var. ipsa lecta); C. V. Hartman 564 pro parte, State of
Chihuahua, Mexico, September 8, 1892 (Gray ; cum var. bimucronata
ipsa lecta); Theodor Hartweg 1608 p.p., fields, State of Guanajuato,
Mexico (Kew); Hort. Par. e seminibus (fide DC.) in Peruvia[?] lectis
et olim ad Hort. Par. a Dombeyo missis (Del., type of Coreopsis
multifida var. mutica DC.); M. E. Jones 27757, La Barranca, Guada-
lajara, Jalisco, Mexico, November 23, 1930 (Pom. ; type of Bidens
barrancae Jones; vix typica); F. M. Liebmann 620, State of Oaxaca,
Mexico, May, 1842 (Cop.}; idem 648, Ejutla, Oaxaca, October, 1841
(Cop., 3 sheets) ; L. H. MacDaniels 49, alt. 2,220 meters, Pyramid of
Cuicuilco, Tlalpam, Federal Distr., Mexico, August 15, 1935 (Field);
C. R. Orcutt 3657, El Olivar, State of Mexico, August 18, 1910
(Kew; Mo.); Edward Palmer 283, southwestern Chihuahua, Mexico,
August-November, 1885 (Gray); idem 673 pro parte, Durango and
vicinity, State of Durango, Mexico, April-November, 1896 (Gray) ;
idem 674, Durango and vicinity, April-November, 1896 (Berl.;
Boiss.; Brit.; Field; Kew; Mo., 2 sheets; U.S., ubi etiam aliud speci-
men est e huius seminibus cultum et Mart. 1, anno 1898 lectum);
idem 685 et 686, eodem loco et tempore (U.S.); Parry & Palmer
484 pro parte, alt. 1,800-2,400 meters, Mexico, 1878 (Kew; Mo.);
ex herb. Pavonii (Boiss.); C. G. Pringle, valley near Tula, Hidalgo,
Mexico, September 16, 1899 (Berl.); idem 1290, base of the Sierra
Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico, September 14, 1887 (Boiss.; Field;
Phila.) ; idem 1291, thin soil of ledges, Arroyo Ancho, Sierra Madre,
Chihuahua, October 14, 1887 (Berl.; Boiss.; Calif.; Field; Gray;
Kew; Phila.; type material of Bidens inermis Wats.); idem 1638,
base of Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, October 2, 1888 (Berl.; Brit.;
Calif.; Del.; Field; Mo.; Mus. V.; U.V.); idem 5999, hillsides near
Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, November 14, 1895 (Cop.; Gray;
Mun.); idem 7904, near Cuernavaca, September 30, 1899 (Gray);
idem 13032, under cliffs near Acambaro, Guanajuato, Mexico,
October 6, 1904 (Berl.; Gray; Kew; U.S.); C. A. Purpus, Sierra de
Parras, Coahuila, Mexico, March, 1905 (Calif.); J. N. Rose &
Jos. H. Painter 7782, near Aguascalientes, State of Aguascalientes,
Mexico, October 10, 1903 (U.S.); W.E. Safford 1391, near Guadala-
jara, Jalisco, Mexico, February 23, 1907 (U.S.; type of Bidens
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXX
BIDENS CHIAPENSIS Brandeg. (figs, a-i)
BIDENS GERANIIFOLIA Brandeg. (figs, j-o)
OF
THE GENUS BIDENS 447
ramosissima Sherff; nom. vulg., aceitillo); J. G. Schaffner 205, State
of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, October, 1879 (Berl.; Mun.); idem 205a,
cultivated fields, Mexico, 1880 (Gray; Kew; nom. vernac., aceitillo);
idem 2056, mountains about San Luis Potosi, State of San Luis
Potosi, Mexico, 1880 (Gray; Kew); idem 206 p.p.; State of San Luis
Potosi, October, 1879 (Brit.) ; Schmitz 80 p.p., Valley of Mexico, State of
Mexico, 1855 (Brit.); idem 541 p.p., Mexico, 1856 (Brit.); Berthold
Seemann, loco non dicto (Kew) ; Eduard & Caecilie Seler 1184 p.p.,
Patzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico, November 2, 1895 (Berl.).
For many years, Persoon's variety odoratissima of Coreopsis
Ferulae/olio, seems to have been unfamiliar to botanists. DeCandolle
(loc. cit.) merely mentioned it: "quid sit var. odoratissima a Per-
soonio citata ignore." Persoon's variety was founded on Cavanilles'
plant in Jussieu's herbarium and was said to be native to Peru. This
cited specimen I have not found, but there exists in the British
Museum of Natural History a good specimen from Cavanilles,
labeled "Coreopsis odoratissima nobis, Mexico," which matches
Persoon's description precisely. The leaves, probably because of
having grown under cultivation, are especially slender-divided and
give a superficial resemblance to those of Bidens Ferulaefolia (Jacq.)
DC. The specimen is identical with two other specimens (Brit.)
from the herbarium of Cavanilles, one labeled "Coreopsis odorata
olim Bidens," and the other "Bidens odorata Cav. Ic. V. 1., nunc
Coreopsis." Both of these last two are further labeled, in pencil,
"Cosmos odoratus" Clearly, Persoon's variety is perfectly synony-
mous with Bidens odorata Cav.
Coreopsis multifida DC. and its var. mutica DC. are represented
by the type specimens in the herbarium of DeCandolle's Prodromus
(Del.). The species was collected (fide DC. loc. cit.), by Pa von,
possibly in Peru; the variety was from seed previously sent by Dom-
bey from "Peruvia" to the Botanical Garden at Paris. Both are
found on careful comparisons to be merely Bidens odorata Cav.1
1 The citation of Peru would seem to indicate that the material is really best
considered as the rather similar var. alausensis f. Scandicina, the form native to
South America. The plants are more like the North American material of f.
odorata. Whether a mistake was made originally in the mention of Pavon and
Peru for these plants I can not say for certainty, although the indications point
that way. We may note the partly comparable case of Bidens Sambucifolia Cav.,
said to have come from Peru and Mexico, but which has never been known from
outside of Mexico. The evidence in herbaria indicates that Cavanilles got his
material in this case from or rather through Pavon, and thus Pavon's written data
were at fault. Regarding another, somewhat different case of mislabeling observed
in much of the "Pavon" material cf. Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 4: 120.
1887 ("as Pavon himself was never in Mexico, and there is evidence of his having
dealt freely in the sale of dried plants").
448 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens Caucalidea DC. was described from Berlandier 1138. The
sheet of this number in the Museum of Vienna has one specimen
with bipinnate leaves, approaching Bidens odorata Cav. and another
with some of the principal leaves only tripartite, approaching B.
pilosa var. bimucronata. At Washington (U.S.) are two sheets of the
fine material collected by Arsene. It is remarkably close to the type
material of B. Caucalidea and might well serve as a supplementary
type for the concept represented by that name. Four of the five
specimens there have the leaves mainly bipinnate as in B. odorata
Cav. but the remaining specimen has the leaves tripartite as in the
var. bimucronata.1 Obviously the amount of foliar division is of
little value here in determining specific limits. Likewise a study of
various other specimens (referred to B. odorata Cav. or to B. Cau~
calidea DC. by different botanists), with reference to achenial shape,
size, and armature, to width of flowering heads, and to general
branching habit, reveals an astonishing amount of variation. A
form with the upper part of the main stem broken away and the
lower part profusely branched is the plant formerly described as
Bidens Deamii Sherff. B. ramosissima Sherff is probably best inter-
preted as merely a mutant form with an excessive degree of branch-
ing and the involucres finally becoming reflexed to a notably uniform
extent. A specimen collected by Seemann (Kew) is positively the
B. odorata of Cavanilles and yet in its highly branched character
displays an approach to the type specimen of B. ramosissima.
Certain specimens of Berlandier 1138 were rather under-de-
veloped in stature, somewhat pubescent-hirtellous, and had the leaf
segments more acute. These DeCandolle assumed to be another
species, confused with the B. Caucalidea material by Berlandier in
the gathering. He named them B. Daucifolia. For B. Daucifolia,
as for his B. Caucalidea, he described the rays as yellow. Since
DeCandolle's day, many (yellow-rayed) Mexican specimens of B.
triplinervia var. macrantha (Wedd.) Sherff have been determined by
students (myself among them) as B. Daucifolia DC., but recent
study of the long neglected type material of B. Daucifolia at Geneva
(Del.) and Paris (Par.) showed that B. Daucifolia is not a yellow-
rayed form. The Geneva sheet has a single small specimen, with
one flowering and one fruiting head. The ligules are a faded rosaceous
color, not yellow as DeCandolle had stated. The achenes are those
of B. odorata Cav. The Paris sheet has three small but good speci-
1 Cf. O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 138. 1911: "Bidens caucalideus
DC.! .... varietati bimucronato valde affinis folia pinnatisecta habet."
THE GENUS BIDENS 449
mens. Three radiate heads are present, of a faded rosaceous color.
One specimen has a head of biaristate achenes and another has two
ample fruiting heads of exaristate achenes. These specimens all
are mere variations of B. Caucalidea DC., and there is no reason to
suppose that Berlandier confused two sorts with each other. Clearly
B. Daucifolia DC. and B. Caucalidea DC. are synonymous, and
together must be equated in turn with the earlier B. odorata Cav.
Judged by standards maintained in many other genera, there
would seem to be no less than eight or ten varieties and racial formae
represented. To encumber taxonomy with a large number of addi-
tional names, when the variations are so capricious and fickle as
often to result in two or three unlike fades upon a single herbarium
sheet,1 would appear entirely unwarranted. Therefore, these vary-
ing forms, all of them intimately related to B. pilosa var. bimucronata
but tending to display more or less bipinnate leaves on most of the
individual plants, are grouped as the forma odorata of that variety.
Complicated and undesirable as the name resulting from this inter-
pretation will be,2 it is the only one that appears to accord with the
facts in nature.
The type of Cosmos tenellus H.B.K. (or Bidens Bonplandii as it
was later renamed by Schultz Bipontinus upon its transfer to Bidens)
was collected between the City of Mexico and Huahuatoca (variously
spelled Huehuetoca, Giiegiietoque, etc.) in the State of Mexico,
Mexico. A search in 1914 and again in 1924 among the type sheets
of the Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth set at Paris failed to reveal a
specimen with the name Cosmos tenellus, nor was there authentic
material at Berlin. The description by Kunth shows that the type
was without achenes. The bipinnatipartite foliage and the probably
rosaceous color of the ligules evidently had led him to place the plant
in Cosmos. A survey of Cosmos and Bidens at the present time indi-
cates that Kunth's extended description fits none other than the
present f . odorata of Bidens pilosa var. bimucronata. This forma, as
well as its supravening variety bimucronata, is very abundant
1 C. V. Hartman 564 (Gray) and C. A. Purpus 1544 (Calif.) are especially good
examples of this.
2 O. Kuntze (Rev. Gen. 1: 322. 1891) put forth a treatment of Bidens pilosa
in which he adopted the even more complicated and unwelcome method of pro-
posing varieties, subvarieties, and forms (formae). His name subbiternata is seen,
on carefully reading the related names, to have been used for a subvariety or group
(under B. pilosa) ranking lower than a variety but higher than a forma (thus cf.
B. pilosa a. leucantha 2. ternata f. pilosior, loc. cit.). Yet, even were the formal rank
of the name subbiternata accepted, it could not conflict with the validity of the claim
of odorata to formal rank, as subbiternata pertained to a form of B. pilosa var.
radiata, not of var. bimucronata.
450 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
throughout the region surrounding the type locality of Cosmos
tenellus. Moreover, the general aspect is often deceptively like that
of Cosmos, a fact easily explaining Kunth's reference of his type
to that genus.1
The type of Bidens inermis Wats, is matched by Pringle 1638,
5999, and 7904. All four numbers have achenes especially slender
and long-attenuate, as well as exaristate. The forma odorata is
known frequently to produce achenes wholly or in part of this very
kind, thus leaving no grounds for the retention of B. inermis as a
species.2 It may be remarked that 0. E. Schulz, in 1911, studied
some of the B. inermis material (e.g., Pringle 1638) in the Berlin
Herbarium and labeled it B. Caucalidea DC., which in turn, as al-
ready stated, is merely another synonym for f. odorata.
The grayish green or bluish green color of the herbage in the
forma odorata often is very noticeable. The Mexicans appear to
prefer this form and also the var. bimucronata proper for food. Under
the name of "aceitillo" (fide A. Dugesii 471, Gray; Wm. E. Saffordii
1391, U.S.; et al.), the young plants are boiled and eaten with pinole
and salt (fide C. V. Hartmanii 564, Gray).
Bidens pilosa var. e. alausensis (H.B.K.) Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 81: 35. 1926. PI. CVI, figs. i-o.
Bidens alausensis H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 184 (235). 1820.
Bidens valparadisiaca Colla, Mem. Accad. Torin. 38: 12. pi. 24-
1835.
Bidens chilensis DC. Prodr. 5: 603. 1836.
Bidens diversifolia Willd. ex DC. op. cit. 602. 1836 (pro parte).
Bidens valparadisea Colla ex Philippi Cat. PL Chil. 155. 1881.
Folia pinnato-quinquepartita vel biternatisecta vel tantum
pinnatisecta, circumambitu saepe deltoidea; foliolis segmentisve
saepius plus minusve ovatis, basi cuneatis alibi grosse et saepe
irregulariter inciso-serratis dentibus mucronatis. Capitula radiata
pansa ad anthesin circ. 1-2 cm. lata ligulis albidis vel rosaceis vel
subalbidis. Achaenia saepius biaristata.
1 It may be noted that several specimens collected by Brother G. Arsene in the
states of Puebla and Michoacan (U.S.) had been distributed by Arsene under the
name Cosmos tenellus H.B.K. and that these are our f. odorata.
2 The singular aspect of the fruiting heads upon typical "B. inermis" might
be taken as justifying a subformal rank under f. odorata, but the already lengthy
name B. pilosa var. bimucronata f. odorata would seem to suggest restraint in this
matter. Furthermore, some material (e.g., Edward Palmer 673, Kew) has fruiting
capitula precisely like those in the type collection of B. inermis but merely 3-5-
partite leaves as in B. pilosa var. bimucronata proper, thus displaying an overlap-
ping of characters.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXXI
c f h
BIDENS OSTRUTHIOIDES (DC.) Schz. Bip.
OF Tht
THE GENUS BIDENS 451
Type specimen: Collected by Alexander Humboldt and Aime
Bonpland, at altitude of 2,340 meters, between Alausi and Tambo de
Guamote, Ecuador, 1799-1803 (Par.; for illustration, see Bot. Gaz.
59:311, fig. 1. 1915).
Distribution: The Andes region of western South America from
Colombia through Ecuador and Peru to Chile and in southwestern
Bolivia; also in the Galapagos Islands.
Specimens examined: J. Ball, alt. 3,600-3,900 meters, rocky
places of Andes, near Chicla, Peru, April 21-23, 1882 (Kew); F. W.
Beechey, Valparaiso, Chile (Del.); Bertero 95, Taqua-taqua, Chile,
October, 1828 (Del.); idem 845, Quillota, Chile, October-November,
1829 (type material of Bidens chilensis; Del.; Par.); idem (similiter)
845, forest pastures and upon hilly slopes, Valparaiso, Chile, 1830
(Brit.; Mun.; Mus. V.; N.Y.); Bridges, Valparaiso, Chile, 1830
(Kew); idem 66, eodem loco, 1832 (Brit.; Kew; Mus. V.); Otto
Buchtien, eodem loco, August 20, 1895 (Field) ; Agnes Calvert, Valdivia
and Valparaiso, Chile (Brit.) ; 0. F. Cook & G. B. Gilbert 512, alt.
about 3,000 meters, Ollantaitambo, Peru, May 1, 1915 (U.S.);
Cruckshank, Chile (Kew); H, Cuming 646, prope Valparaiso, Chile,
1831 (Brit.; Mus. V.; Webb); K. Fiebrig 2049, alt. 1,700 meters,
Bermejo, Bolivia, November 15, 1903 (Berl.; forma varietati bimu-
cronatae valde adpropinquans; nom. vulg., saitilla); Frombling,
Chile, 1886 (Mun., 2 sheets); Gaudichaud 164, Valparaiso, Chile,
1834 (Del.; Webb); Claude Gay 201, Chile, 1833 (Del.; Gray, 2
sheets); idem 341, on hills, Prov. Coquimbo, Chile, August, 1829
(Par.) ; idem 355, on hills, Chile (Par.) ; W. H. Harvey, Valparaiso,
Chile, April-July, 1856 (Gray); Humboldt & Bonpland, alt. 2,340
meters, between Alausi and Tambo de Guamote, Ecuador, 1799-
1803 (type and cotype, Par.: cotypes, Berl., 2 sheets); iidem, Llacta-
cunga (Latacunga), Ecuador (Berl., sub nom. Bidente quitensi);
E. P. Killip 6761, alt. 2,900-3,200 meters, in open, "Canaan," Mt.
Purac£, near Rio Anambiu, Dept. El Cauca, Colombia, June 11-16,
1922 (U.S.); idem & A. C. Smith 18101, alt. 3,500 meters, oak forest,
La Baja, Dept. Santander, Colombia, January 14-31, 1927 (U.S.);
G. Looser 148, Cerro Cruz, Limache, Prov. Valparaiso, Chile, October
12, 1926 (Gray) ; J. F. Macbride 2902, on slide rock, alt. about 2,400
meters, Matucana, Peru, March 14-18, 1923 (Field) ; James Macrae,
near Valparaiso, Chile, 1825 (Kew); Mathews 465, Lima, Peru,
communic. 1833 (Del.); idem (similiter) 465, interior Peru, 1862
(N.Y.); idem 468, Purruchuco, Peru (Kew); ex herb. Johanni Miersii
67, Concon, Chile (Brit.); Moseley (Challenger Expedition), Juan
452 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Fernandez, Chile, November, 1875 (Kew); Macbride & Feather stone
2139, alt. about 3,150 meters, common on hillsides and stream banks,
15 miles southeast of Huanuco, Peru, May 31-June 3, 1922 (Field) ;
F. W. Neger, Conception, Chile, July 20, 1895 (Mun.); F. Philippi,
Valparaiso, Chile, 1894 (Brit.); G. H. Pring 31, San Cristobal,
Sabana de Bogota, Colombia, May, 1923 (Mo.); ex herb. E. C.
Reedii, Juan Fernandez, Chile, October, 1872 (Petrop.); Dr. & Mrs.
J. N. Rose 19114, near Valparaiso, Chile, September 14, 1914 (N. Y. ;
U.S.); Lud. Savatier, Canruru, Peru (Kew, 2 sheets); R. E. Snod-
grass & E. Heller 887, alt. 1,200 meters, Tagus Cove, Albemarle
Isl., Galapagos Isls., June 15, 1899 (Gray); A. Sodiro, sandy fields
among Andes, near Pomasqui, Ecuador, February, 1896 (Berl., cum
f . scandicina lecta) ; idem 486, in cultivated places, Niebly-Perucho,
Ecuador, June, 1904 (N.Y.); Alban Stewart, Valparaiso, Chile
(Petrop.); idem 716, abundant in thickets at alt. 1,200 meters,
Tagus Cove, Albemarle Isl., Galapagos Isls., March 24, 1906 (Brit.;
Mo.); Styles, Chile (Phila.); Wawra (H. M. Frigate "Donau"),
Valparaiso, Chile, 1868-1871 (Mus. V.); A. Weberbauer 50, Matu-
cana, Peru, December 24, 1901 (Berl.).
The Willdenow Herbarium has a sheet of Bidens diversifolia
Willd. (ex DC.) and this sheet bears two plants. One is referable to
var. alausensis, but the other seems more like B. andicola H.B.K.
Willdenow doubtless construed them to be genetically the same,
hence his name diversifolia. It appears, however, that this was
merely a case of mixed material. Fortunately, the very definite
status and validity of the names alausensis and andicola permit us
to ignore the name B. diversifolia Willd.
In a former article (Bot. Gaz. 59: 310-311, fig. 1. 1915) I have
discussed the identity of B. valparadisiaca Colla and B. chilensis
DC. with B. alausensis H.B.K., and presented photographs of
Kunth's type of B. alausensis H.B.K. In 1924 I made a careful
reexamination of Kunth's type and of four sheets of cotype material
(Par.; Berl.) and came to the same conclusion as before. A study of
various other specimens shows that B. alausensis H.B.K. cannot
properly be regarded as specifically distinct from B. pilosa L. Thus,
for example, J. F. Macbride 2899 and 2901, at altitude of about
2,400 meters, Matucana, Peru, etc. (Field),1 have tripartite leaves
1 These and the other Macbride specimens cited were obtained by Mr. Mac-
bride, who had the matter particularly in mind on his recent South American
expedition. Of each number I have seen various duplicates awaiting distribution to
other herbaria.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXXII
BIDENS OSTRUTHIOIDES var. COSTARICENSIS (Benth. ex Oerst.) Sherff
OF U
liilHOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 453
and are a form1 of B. pilosa var. radiata Schz. Bip. But Macbride
2902 (Field), collected at the same place and same time as Macbride
2899 and 2901, has the foliage mostly bipinnatisect, and is very
close to or identical with various specimens of B. alausensis H.B.K.
from Chile and Ecuador.2 Macbride 2900 p.p., altitude about 2,400
meters, Matucana, Peru, March 14-18, 1923 (Field), and 3473,
altitude about 2,550 meters, Cani, Peru, April 16-26, 1923, also are
identical in habit and technical characters with B. alausensis, except
that they are taller and more robust and their foliage is more finely
cut, becoming even tripinnatisect. These are identical with A.
D'Orbigny 1234, Bolivia (Par.), labeled Bidens Scandicina var.
glabrescens by Weddell. They match also the Berlin and Paris
cotypes of B. Scandicina H.B.K., except that the latter have more
pubescent leaves with somewhat finer divisions. It is significant
that the types of B. alausensis H.B.K. and B. Scandicina H.B.K.,
here seen to be so closely connected by intermediate specimens,
were collected by Humboldt and Bonpland in the same vicinity:
B. alausensis between Alausi and Tambo de Guamote (the type
label gives merely "Alausi"), Ecuador, and B. Scandicina between
Llactacunga and Ambato, Ecuador.
It might seem at first that there is here a situation comparable
with that in B. pilosa var. bimucronata (Turcz.) 0. E. Schulz, where
the form with finely divided leaves is reducible to subordinate rank
as f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff. In such a case we should have the names
alausensis and Scandicina taking respectively formal and subformal
rank under the name B. pilosa var. radiata, giving names which
would be very cumbersome. It seems more probable that in the
present case the alausensis and Scandicina forms do not intergrade
nearly so much with B. pilosa var. radiata as does the odorata form
with B. pilosa var. bimucronata. Hence there appears good reason
for assigning B. alausensis varietal status directly under B. pilosa,
and reducing B. Scandicina to a forma under the variety.
Bidens pilosa var. <=. alausensis f. 1. Scandicina (H.B.K.)
Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 36. 1926. PI. CVII.
Bidens Scandicina H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 184 (235). 1820.
Folia plus dissecta, saepe tripinnatisecta, segmentis angustioribus.
1 Having rays mostly 5-8 mm. long and slightly more yellowish than usual in
the var. radiata. They suggest in the ray characters the allied forms that pass
under the name B. pilosa var. minor (Bl.) Sherff.
2 See also remarks under B. pilosa var. Apiifolia (DC.) Sherff.
454 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Type specimen: Collected by Alexander Humboldt and Aime
Bonpland, between Llactacunga (Latacunga) and Ambato, Ecuador,
1799-1803 (Par.).
Distribution: Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
Specimens examined: Otto Buchtien, alt. 3,500 meters, LaPaz,
Bolivia, May, 1911 (Mun.);*dera 125, alt. 3,460 meters, eodem loco,
March 8, 1919 (Field) ; idem 355, alt. 3,600 meters, San Jorge, La
Paz, Bolivia, October 10, 1921 (Field; Gray); idem 378, alt. 3,460
meters, La Paz, March 8, 1919 (Field, 2 sheets); idem 811, eodem
loco et tempore (Field, 2 sheets; Gray; Mo.; N.Y.);1 Const, de Jelski
(distrib. Ign. de Szyszylowicz 657 and 735), Cutervo, Peru, April,
1879 (Berl.); Alcide D'Orbigny 1234, Dept. Chuquisaca, Bolivia,
February (Par., sub nom. B. Scandicina var. glabrescenti Weddell);
F. L. Herrera, Valley of the Apurimac, Dept. Cuzco, Peru, February
29 (Field) ; Humboldt & Bonpland, between Llactacunga and Ambato,
Ecuador, 1799-1803 (type, Par.: cotypes, Berl. 2 sheets; Par., 2
sheets; Willd., 2 sheets); Otto Kuntze, alt. 3,000 meters, near Cocha-
bamba, Bolivia, March 26, 1892 (N.Y.); J. F. Macbride 2900 pro
parte, very rocky valley floor, alt. 2,400 meters, Matucana, Peru,
March 14-18, 1923 (Field, cum var. alausensi ipsa lecta) ; idem 3473,
alt. about 2,550 meters, Cani (town 7 miles northeast of Mito),
Peru, April 16-26, 1923 (Field) ; Rivet 29, Caripacunga, vicinity of
Quito, Ecuador, February 19-21, 1902 (Par., 2 sheets); idem 245,
Quito, Ecuador, October, 1902 (Par.); A. Sodiro, in fields among the
Andes, near Pomasqui, Ecuador, February, 1896 (Berl., 2 sheets;
cum var. alausensi ipsa lecta).
For remarks about this form, see under var. alausensis above.
Bidens pilosa var. £. Apiifolia (DC.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
85: 1. 1928.
Bidens chilensis var. Apiifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 604. 1836.
Varietas inter varietates radiatam et alausensem omnibus cha-
racteribus labans (forsan hybrida?).
1 In the Buchtien specimens the similarity to certain Umbelliferae, implied in
the name Scandicina, is most striking. In fact, before seeing the Sodiro (cf.
Hieronymus, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 48. 1901) and de Jelski specimens, I had not thought
to connect the Buchtien specimens with f. Scandicina, and had tentatively con-
sidered them as representing a new species. Curiously enough, I too had been
impressed with the resemblance to certain Umbelliferae, especially Musineon,
and, to a lesser extent, Chaerophyllum, and had tentatively employed a trivial
name based upon the resemblance to Musineon. In one specimen by Buchtien
(No. 811) the foliage and general habit suggest also those of Anthemis Cotula L.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXXIII
b
BIDENS BICOLOH Greenm.
OF THc
UNIVERSITY OF (HINDIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 455
Type specimen: Collected by Eduard Poeppig, No. 207, in rocky
and gravelly maritime places near Valparaiso, Chile, June (Del.)-
Distribution : Known only from Chile.
Specimens examined: Erik Asplund 42, Valparaiso, July 17,
1921 (Stockh.); Poeppig 207 (type, Del.: cotypes, Berl.; Hll.; Kiel;
Mus. V., etc.).
In a former article (Bot. Gaz. 76: 158. 1923), Bidens chilensis
var. Apiifolia DC. was discussed and the Berlin cotype (Poeppig
207) of that variety was treated as "an unimportant foliage form of
B. alausensis." Subsequent study of much cotype material, in
conjunction with several specimens collected by J. F. Macbride at
Matucana, Peru, revealed closer affinities of several of the original
specimens with B. pilosa var. radiata Schz. Bip. Specimens of Poep-
pig 207 were studied in collections belonging to several of the older
herbaria. Two specimens in Vienna and one in Berlin appeared
closer to var. alausensis, but the cotypes elsewhere appeared, when
studied in the light of the interesting Macbride specimens previously
described (cf. Bot. Gaz. 81: 35. 1926), to be closer to var. radiata.
The nomenclatural problem offered by the publication in 1836
by DeCandolle of this var. Apiifolia is particularly vexing, since its
publication antedated that for both the var. alausensis and the var.
radiata. An equation of the var. Apiifolia with either of these two
varieties would compel the taking up of the name Apiifolia and the
reduction of a well established name to synonymy. The intermediate
nature and ill denned status of the var. Apiifolia would make such
a course seem unwise, if not indeed impossible. Apparently the
interests of taxonomy are best conserved by employing the com-
bination B. pilosa var. Apiifolia to apply only to the form inter-
mediate between vars. alausensis and radiata, and represented by
Poeppig 207. In this case, the last two names, each certain in its
application and well supported in herbaria by illustrative material,
are left undisturbed.1
Bidens pilosa var. 17. calcicola (Greenm.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 80: 377,
pi. 20. 1925. PI. CVIII and PI. CIX, figs, a and c-j.
Cosmos pilosus H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 189 (241). 1820.
Bidens exaristata DC. Prodr. 5: 600. 1836.
Bidens brachycarpa DC. loc. cit.
1 Concerning the intermediate nature of var. Apiifolia, it may be remarked
that while DeCandolle ranked this variety under B. chilensis DC. (=B. pilosa var.
alausensis), Poeppig's original printed labels bore the name "B. leucantha L."
(-B. pilosa var. radiata).
456 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens rosea Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 308. 1852-1857.
Bidens rosea var. calcicola Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 264. 1905.
Bidens pilosa var. brachycarpa (DC.) 0. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb.
Antill. 7: 138. 1911.
Bidens orendaniae Jones, Extracts Contr. West. Bot. 18: 82. 1933.
Planta gracilis 1.5-6 dm. alta. Folia saepe minora, foliolo
terminali plerumque 1-3.5 cm. longo. Capitula plerumque radiata
radiis albidis vel rosaceis, pansa ad anthesin tantum 1-1.5 cm. lata.
Achaenia parva, corporibus 4-9 mm. longa,1 biaristata aristis 1-1.5
mm. longis.
Type specimen : Collected by Cyrus Guernsey Pringle, No. 11340,
at altitude of 1,200 meters, on limestone hills, Yautepec, near
Cuernavaca, State of Morelos, Mexico, October 21, 1902 (Gray).
Distribution: In Mexico from the states of Tamaulipas, San
Luis Potosi, and Nayarit southward to the states of Vera Cruz,
Oaxaca, and Guerrero; also in Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Colombia;
in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Sao Paulo, Brazil, where
apparently adventive.
Specimens examined: Berlandier 5 and 113, Tampico, Tamau-
lipas, Mexico, in 1827 (Del., 2 sheets; Par.; Webb; type collection of
Bidens brachycarpa DC.); idem 39, Mexico (Par.); idem 800, Mexico
(Gray; Mo.); idem 2220, between Victoria and Tula, Tamaulipas,
Mexico, November, 1830 (Del., 2 sheets; Gray; Par.); Bourgeau
2253, Valley of Cordoba, Mexico, April 16, 1866 (Par.); J. J. Cooper
5814 p.p., alt. 1,275 meters, Cartago, Prov. Cartago, Costa Rica,
December, 1887 (Berl.; Field; Gray; forma radiis parvis vel deficien-
tibus) ; G. M. Emrick 145, Hacienda Coahuayula, Michoacan, Mexico,
February, 1901 (Field); J. M. Greenman 174, near Cordoba, Vera
Cruz, Mexico, January 25, 1906 (Field); idem & M. T. Greenman
5312, San Pedro, east of San Jose", Costa Rica, January 25, 1922
(Mo.): J. Gregg 430, Mexico, September 3, 1848 (Mo.); Carl Heller
37, alt. 900 meters, in meadows, Mirador, Vera Cruz, Mexico (Par. ;
Mus. V.); Heyde & Lax 3788, alt. 1,050 meters, Cerro Gordo, Dept.
Santa Rosa, Guatemala, September, 1892 (Gray; Mun.); idem 6172,
alt. 800 meters, Cuijiniquilapa, Dept. Santa Rosa, Guatemala,
November, 1893 (Boiss.; Brit.; Field; Gray) ; Hoehne & Gehrt 23904,
Sao Vicente, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil, March 28, 1929 (U.S.);
Carl Hoffmann 742, San Jose", Costa Rica, April, 1857 (Berl.);
1 O. E. Schulz (loc. cit.) and DeCandolle (loc. cit.) both give the achenial
length as about 6 mm. ("3 lin.")» but cotype material of B. brachycarpa DC. (Par.)
has many fruiting heads with achenes having bodies 8-9 mm. long.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXXIV
h d
BIDENS HOLSTII (O. Hoffm.) Sherff
.
OF THi
OF IUINOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 457
Humboldt & Bonpland, alt. 2,340 meters, in arid places, near Santa
Rosa de la Sierra, near western boundary of State of Guanajuato
(cf. H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 7: 434 et 456. 1825), September, 1803-
1804 (Par.; type of Cosmos pilosus H.B.K. and hence of Bidens
rosea Schz. Bip.); M. E. Jones 27770, Orendain, Jalisco, Mexico,
November 27, 1930 (Pom.; type of Bidens orendaniae Jones); H.
Karsten, Quindio, Colombia (Petrop.); E. Kerber 9, Cordoba, Vera
Cruz, Mexico, July 22, 1882 (Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Cop.; Del.; Mun.;
Par., 3 sheets; Mus. V., etc.) ; F. M. Liebmann 640, Colipa, Vera Cruz,
Mexico, March, 1841 (Cop., 2 sheets) ; idem 641, Papantla, Vera Cruz,
June, 1841 (Cop.); idem 643, Mirador, Vera Cruz, January, 1843
(Cop. ; Klatt's sketch in Gray) ; idem 651, Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico,
December, 1841 (Cop.) ; Fred Miiller 238, Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico,
1853 (N.Y.); idem 544 p.p., eodem loco, 1855 (N.Y.); E. W. Nelson
2111, alt. 1,350-1,710 meters, between Tlapa and Ayusinapa, Gue-
rrero, Mexico, December 13, 1894 (Gray); idem 6868, Los Reyes,
Michoacan, Mexico, February 8-12, 1903 (Gray; foliis glabris et
valde membranaceis) ; Edward Palmer, Terr. Tepic (Nayarit), Janu-
ary 5-February 6, 1892 (U.S.); idem 68, alt. about 15 meters, vicin-
ity of Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico, January, 1910 (Mo.; N.Y.);
idem 192, Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, September 28-October
3, 1902 (Gray) ; Parkinson, Mexico (Kew) ; C. G. Pringle 11340 (type,
Gray); E. M. Reineck, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,
November, 1898 (Gray) ; Rose, Painter, & Rose 10061, near Tomellin,
Oaxaca, September 4-5, 1905 (U.S.); W. W. Rowlee & H. E. Stork
842, Juan Vinas, Costa Rica, August 30, 1920 (N.Y.) ; H. E. Seaton
419, alt. 810 meters, Cordoba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, August 20, 1891
(Field; Gray; Kew; N.Y.); Eduard & Caecilie Seler 682, vicinity of
Gallinas, Distr. Ciudad del Maiz, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Febru-
ary, 1888 (Berl.); Sinclair, San Bias, Terr. Tepic, Mexico (Kew);
Ad. Tonduz 14779, alt. 1,400 meters, Ferme de Guacimo, Costa
Rica, July 30, 1901 (Boiss.; forma capitulis discoideis).
Greenman (loc. cit.) lists Palmer 192, E. W. Nelson 6868, and
Heyde & Lux 6172 (all in Gray) as representing Bidens rosea Schz.
Bip. (Cosmos pilosus H.B.K.). Without discussing B. rosea Schz.
Bip., the immature type of which (Par.) is especially well matched
by the Palmer plant, it is sufficient here to state that these specimens
are referable to Bidens brachycarpa DC. The type and cotype
specimens of B. brachycarpa DC. (Del.; Par., etc.), with their small
leaves, small heads, more or less rosaceous ligules, and small, ex-
aristate, upwardly attenuate achenes, appear widely different from
458 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
typical B. pilosa L. A study of the other herbarium specimens
cited above, however, shows it to be impossible to maintain separate
specific rank for them; rather must they be given varietal rank
under B. pilosa as was done by 0. E. Schulz (loc. cit.). According
to the International Rules, the earlier varietal name calcicola must
be applied here.1 The type of the var. calcicola, Pringle 11340
(Gray), has a single pair of stem leaves present, these pinnately
5-parted, with the terminal and basal leaflets more or less definitely
3-parted; the divisions are lanceolate; the involucres are rather
densely canous-pubescent. These characters are found to be dupli-
cated in various of the specimens above.
DeCandolle appears to have attached undue importance to the
amount of scabridity on the achenial surfaces. Thus he placed
Berlandier 5 and 113, with achenes scabrous, in his new species B.
brachycarpa, but Berlandier 2220, with achenes less glabrous2 and
happening to have a taller, more corymbose habit, with the terminal
leaflets more elongate, he described separately under the new name
B. exaristata. The technical characters of flowers and fruit offer
no warrant for maintaining B. exaristata as a separate species or
variety apart from the var. caleicola. As to the somewhat taller
habit and more corymbosely or even fastigiately branched inflores-
cence observed in certain specimens (Berlandier 39, Del., Par.;
idem 2220, Del., Par.; Nelson 2111, U.S.), these seem to be merely
the result of a capricious growth. Indeed, Berlandier 800 and 2220
in the Gray Herbarium have a much more loosely corymbose in-
florescence as, in fact, DeCandolle's description states ("laxe corym-
bosa"), and thus at once remove from consideration the only charac-
ter that by some botanists might be thought important. Through
the first Berlandier specimen just cited (No. 800) an approach is
made to B. pilosa var. bimucronata (Turcz.) 0. E. Schulz, a variety
1 The Berlin Herbarium has several specimens of B. pilosa (leg. Sello et al.)
with mature achenes only 4-5 mm. long and closely simulating the var. calcicola
plants in all important respects except that they lack rays. Similarly, various
herbaria have plants of the var. radiata with diminutive, commonly pubescent
leaves and many of the fruiting heads minute, approaching the var. calcicola type
so closely as practically to efface all varietal distinctions. The Tonduz specimens
might almost equally well be regarded as of the species proper, and in fact had been
treated as that by me until the same local form appeared again during further
studies (Cooper 5814), with some of the heads radiate.
2 DeCandolle (loc. cit.) actually described the achenes as glabrous ("achaeniis
glabris"), but in two sheets of Berlandier 2220 (Del.), many of the achenes are dis-
tinctly scabrous near the apex.
O. E. Schulz (loc. cit.), evidently relying upon DeCandolle, likewise regarded
B. exaristata as having glabrous achenes. Thus he stated: ' B. exaristatus DC.
. . . ab hac varietate [B. pilosa var. bimucronata] acheniis glabris differt."
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXXV
BIDENS HOLSTII var. RUPESTRIS SherfT
OF THt
OF ILLINOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 459
which has the heads usually larger, the leaves more often glabrous
or subglabrous, and the lateral leaflets (in the variety proper)
typically undivided.
Bidens pilosa var. 77. calcicola f. 1. dissecta Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 80: 379. 1925. PI. CIX, fig. 6.
A varietate differt: foliis bipinnatis vel etiam tripinnatisectis,
segmentis linearibus vel anguste lanceolatis.
Type specimen: Collected by Heyde &Lux, No. 6164, at altitude
of 1,300 meters, Malpais, Department of Santa Rosa, Guatemala,
November, 1893 (Gray).
Distribution: State of Michoacan, Mexico, southeastward to
Guatemala.1
Specimens examined: Bro. G. Arsene 3164, alt. 1,900 meters,
flooded places to the east of Morelia, Michoacan,' October 7, 1909
(Gray; N.Y.); Bernoulli & Cario 1551, Quezaltenango, Guatemala,
July, 1876 (Kew); Heyde & Lux 6164 (type, Gray: cotypes, Berl.,
2 sheets; Boiss., 4 sheets; Brit.; Cop.; Field; Kew); iidem 6170,
alt. 1,600 meters, La Vega, Department of Santa Rosa, Guatemala,
September, 1893 (Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Gray; Kew); L. H. MacDaniels
114, alt. 1,650 meters, along Cuernavaca-Taxco Road, about 10
miles from Taxco, Guerrero, Mexico, August 19, 1935 (Field) ; E. W.
Nelson 6868 (N.Y.); Schaffner, Mexico (Berl.); Eduard & Caecilie
Seler 1184 p.p., Patzcuaro, Michoacan, November 2, 1895 (N.Y.).
A form comparable with the var. calcicola in much the same way
that the bipinnately leaved f. odorata of B. pilosa var. bimucronata
(Turcz.) 0. E. Schulz is comparable with that variety. Indeed, of
the var. bimucronata and its form with more compound foliage (i.e.,
f. odorata}, there are found at times stunted or dwarfed specimens
which have flowering and fruiting heads diminutive enough to be
taken for var. calcicola and f. dissecta. It is therefore possible that
in some of my past herbarium determinations I may have confused
the two varieties and their respective forms to a slight extent.2
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCIX, FIG. b
Bidens pilosa: 5-partite cauline leaf, with lowermost leaflets
2-partite, approaching those in B. biternata, X0.7; from sheet in Hb.
1 Among specimens additional to those listed and found to be true f. dissecta,
but omitted because of the uncertainties connected with the written data (cf.
Standley, Science n. ser. 65: 130. 1927), was a fine specimen purporting to be by
Fr. Nicolas, Moulin d'Huexotitla, vicinity of Puebla, July 15, 1909 (Kew). Aside
from this plant, I have seen no authentic Mexican material known definitely to
have come from elsewhere than the states of Michoacan and Guerrero.
2 For var. calcicola and f. dissecta I have, in various herbaria, used until
recently the name B. pilosa var. brachycarpa (DC.) 0. E. Schz., etc.
460 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Linn, (where properly treated as Bidens pilosa but labeled on reverse
side "Rumph. amb. 6, t. 15")-
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CII
Bidens pilosa, figs, a, b, e-j: a, flowering and fruiting specimen,
X0.69; b, separate leaf, X0.69; e, exterior involucral bract, X3.43;
f, interior involucral bract, X3.43; g, palea, X3.43; h, disc floret,
X3.43; i (outer), j (inner), achenes, X3.43; all from Maxon 724, in
Hb. U.S.
Bidens pilosa var. minor, figs, c, d, k-r: c, d, separate leaves,
X0.69; k, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.69; /, exterior involu-
cral bract, X3.43; m, interior involucral bract, X3.43; n, ray floret,
X3.43; o, palea, X3.43; p, disc floret, X3.43; q (outer), r (inner),
achenes, X3.43; c, d, from Sodiro 4314 (type of Bidens pilosa var.
brevifoliata Hieron.), in Hb. BerL; k-r, from Eggers 208, in Hb.
Kew.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CIII, FIGS, a-h
Bidens pilosa var. radiata: a, flowering and fruiting specimen,
X0.7; b, 5-partite leaf, X0.7; c, exterior involucral bract, X5.56;
d, interior involucral bract, X5.56; e, ray floret, X3.48; /, palea,
X5.56; g, disc floret, X5.56; h, achene, X3.48; a, c-h, from Bitting
1297, in Hb. Field; 6, from type of Bidens leucantha (L.) Willd., in
Hb. Linn.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CIV, FIGS, a-l
Bidens pilosa var. bimucronata: a, b, lower and upper portions of
same flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.68; c, exterior involucral
bract, X6.79; d, interior involucral bract, X6.79; e, ray floret,
X3.4; /, palea, X4.07; g, disc floret, X4.07; h, i, achenes differing
length of awns, X4.07; all homEhrenberg 111, in Hb. Berl.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CV
Bidens pilosa var. bimucronata f. odorata: a, flowering and fruiting
specimen, X0.58; b, lower cauline leaf, X0.58; c, portion of stem and
portion of adjacent leaf, magnified to show details, Xl.75; d, exterior
involucral bract, X3.49; e, interior involucral bract, X3.49; /, ray
floret, X3.49; g, palea, X3.49; h, disc floret, X3.49: i, anthers,
X 17.46; j, pollen grain, X336; k, upper portion of pistil, X 17.46;
/ (outer), m (inner), achenes, X4.14; all from Pringle 1291 (cotype
of Bidens inermis Wats.), in Hb. Field.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CVI
Bidens pilosa var. bimucronata f. odorata, figs, a-h: a, flowering
and fruiting specimen, X0.66; b, exterior involucral bract, X3.98;
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXXVI
BIDENS KAMERUNENSIS Sheril
OF THE
Of if HN8IS
THE GENUS BIDENS 461
c, interior involucral bract, X3.98; d, ray corolla, X2.66; e, palea,
X3.98; /, disc floret, X3.98; g (outer), h (inner), achenes, X3.98;
a, mainly from hb. Cavanilles (original material of Bidens odorata
Cav.), in Hb. Brit., but slightly from Orcutt 3657, in Hb. Mo.; rest
from Orcutt 3657, ibid.
Bidens pilosa var. alausensis, figs, i-o: i, flowering and fruiting
specimen, X0.66; j, exterior involucral bract, X3.98; k, interior
involucral bract, X3.98; I, ray corolla, X3.98; m, portion of palea,
X3.98; n, disc floret, X3.98; o, achene, X3.98; i, mainly from type
but partly from cotype, in Hb. Par.; j-o, from Bertero 845, in
Hb. Gray.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CVII
Bidens pilosa var. alausensis f. Scandicina: a, flowering and fruit-
ing branch, X0.61; b-d, diverse leaves, X0.61; e, exterior involucral
bract, X3.68; /, interior involucral bract, X3.68; g, ray corolla,
X3.68; h, palea, X3.68; *, disc floret, X3.68; j (outer), k (inner),
achenes, X3.68; a, from De Szyszylowicz 657, in Hb. Berl.; 6, e-k,
from De Szyszylowicz 735, ibid.; c, d, from Sodiro, near Pomasqui,
Ecuador, February, 1896, 2 sheets, ibid.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CVIII
Bidens pilosa var. calcicola: a, flowering and fruiting specimen,
X0.59; b, exterior involucral bract, X4.13; c, interior involucral
bract, X4.13; d, ray floret, X4.13; e, palea, X4.13; /, disc floret,
X4.13; g (outer), h (inner), achenes, X4.13; a, from Kerber 9, in Hb.
Berl. ; b-h, from Berlandier 5 and 113 (cotypes of Bidens brachycarpa
DC.), in Hb. Par.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CIX, FIGS, a-j
Bidens pilosa var. calcicola, figs, a, c-j: flowering and fruiting
specimen, X0.62; c, lower surface of portion of leaf from a, showing
pubescence, Xl.24; d, exterior involucral bract, X3.71; e, interior
involucral bract, X3.71; /, ray corolla, X3.71; g, palea, X3.71; h,
disc floret, X3.71; i (outer), j (inner), achenes, X3.71; all from Heyde
and Lux 6172, in Hb. Gray.
Bidens pilosa var. calcicola f. dissecta, fig. b: a single leaf, X0.62;
from type.
133. Bidens subalternans DC. Prodr. 5: 600. 1836. PI. CX.
Bidens quadrangularis DC. loc. cit.
Bidens platensis Mang. An. Mus. Buenos Aires 24: 230. 1913.
Bidens megapotamica 0. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl.: 182.
1914 (non Spreng.).
462 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Folia unipinnata var. 7. unipinnata.
Folia plus minusve bipinnata.
Foliorum segmenta plerumque linearia var. /3. simulans.
Foliorum segmenta saepius lanceolata .B. subalternans sensu stricto.
Herba annua, erecta, ramosa, 4-10 (vel etiam fere usque ad 30)
dm. alta, caule tetragono glabro vel sparsim hispido. Folia petiolata
petiolis usque ad 5.5 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto 6-21 cm. longa,
bipinnatifida vel subsimpliciter pinnata; segmentis membranaceis,
breviter et dense vel remote hispidis, plus minusve dentatis vel
irregulariter lobulatis, infra pallidioribus, terminalibus plerumque
elongato-lanceolatis vel elongato-linearibus, acuminatis, lateralibus
saepe angustioribus. Capitula non numerosa, ramos terminantia,
pedunculata pedunculis 1-4 cm. longis, discoidea vel subradiata, ad
anthesin 8-10 mm. lata et 5-6 mm. alta, demum cum achaeniis circ.
1.7 cm. lata et circ. 1.6 cm. alta. Involucri bracteae subaequales,
exteriores circ. 8, anguste lineares, ciliatae, plus minusve hispidae,
acute vel subobtuse calloso-apiculatae, demum 4-6 mm. longae,
interiores lineari-lanceolatae. Flores ligulati albidi vel albido-
flavi et rudimentarii, saepe deficientes. Achaenia non pauca (30-50),
linearia, tetragona, sulcata, atra, glabra vel superne leviter hispida,
corpore exteriora 6-8 mm. interiora 8-14 mm. longa et paleas facile
superantia, plerumque 4- (rarius 2-3-) aristata aristis erectis vel sube-
rectis retrorsum hamosis 1-2.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Philip Salzmann, in cultivated
places about Bahia, Brazil, in 1830 (Del.).
Distribution: Uruguay and central Argentina to northern and
western Brazil; found long ago (MacGillivray) on the Isle of Pines
in the West Indies.
Specimens examined: Jose Arechavaleta 4123, Montevideo, Uru-
guay, March, 1874 (Kew) ; Banks & Solander, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
1768 (Brit.); C. Bettfreund & Isolina Roster 460 and 461, Almagro-
Flores, Buenos Aires, Argentina, communic. 1889 (Berl.); Blanchet
51, Bahia, Brazil (Del.); idem 195, eodem loco, 1831 (Del.); Bowie
& Cunningham, Monte de Santa Theresa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
February 10, 1815 (Brit.); Otto Buchtien 4167 and 4182, alt. 1,300
meters, Milluguaya, North Yungas, Bolivia, December, 1917 (Field) ;
R. E. Fries 1084, shady, wet place among bushes, Tarija, Bolivia,
January 16, 1902 (Petrop.; Stockh., 2 sheets); idem 1456, among
bushes at edge of forest, Gran Chaco, Tatarenda, Bolivia, March
25, 1902 (Petrop.; Stockh., 2 sheets; U.S.); Galander, Cordoba,
Argentina, November 30, 1877 (Berl.); idem, eodem loco, March
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXXVII
b a
BIDENS GRANTII var. STAPFII Sherff (figs, a-i)
BIDENS STEPPIA (Stcetz) Sherff (figs, j-r)
,
OF THt
HNIVENITY ftf
THE GENUS BIDENS 463
15, 1878 (Berl.; forma foliis dissectior; nom. vulg. amor seco) ; George
Gardner 2222, dry, hilly places, lane near Oeiras, northern Brazil,
March, 1839 (Kew); idem 3851, Goyaz, Brazil, 1841 (Berl.; Boiss.;
Brit.; Del.; Kew, 2 sheets; Mus. V.; Oxf.; Par.); Ernest Gibert, road-
sides, Montevideo, Uruguay, January, 1874 (Mus. V., 2 sheets);
idem la, eodem loco, 1858 (Kew, 2 sheets); idem 95, eodem loco
(Kew); Emit Hassler 375, in ploughed fields near San Bernardino,
central Paraguay, July, 1885-1895 (Boiss., 2 sheets; Brit.; Hassl.;
Kew; N.Y.); idem 3623, in ploughed fields, San Bernardino, Decem-
ber, 1897-1899 (Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Gen.; Gray; Hassl.; Kew;
Mus. V.); idem 11558, in region of Lake Ypacaray, Paraguay,
February, 1913 (Berl.; Brit.; Hassl.; Mo.); Guill. Herter, Sayago,
Uruguay, 1907 (Gray; Kew); idem 787 pro parte (Stockh.); G.
Hieronymus, Colanchanga, Sierra Chica de Cordoba, Argentina,
February, 1882 (Berl.; forma); Hort. Bot. Genevae, from Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil, September 24, 1826 (N.Y.); Lhotzky, Bahia, Brazil
(Berl.); C. A. M. Lindman, noticeable in rubbish-covered places
everywhere through the state, Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,
April 20, 1893 (Stockh., 2 sheets) ; idem, dry fields, Paraguari, Para-
guay, 1894 (Stockh., forma monstr.); P. G. Lorentz 219, Cordoba,
Argentina, 1871 (Berl.); D. Lund, Brazil (Cop.); John MacGillivray
783, margin of woods, Isle of Pines, October 2, 1853 (Kew) ; ex herb.
John Miers, Mendoza and Buenos Aires, Argentina (Brit.) et 705,
Mendoza (Kew; nom. vulg., amores secos); Thomas Morong 208,
Asuncion, Paraguay, November 30, 1888 (Mo.; N.Y.; Phila.); idem
959, growing almost 3 meters high, Pilcomaya River, Paraguay,
1888-1890 (Gray; Mo.; Phila.); C. Niederlein 95, Conception del
Uruguay, Argentina, April 30, 1880 (Berl.); L. R. Parodi 8133, San
Vincente, Prov. Buenos Aires, Argentina, April 14, 1927 (Gray);
Perrot, along the Cuyaba River, Mattogrosso, Brazil, April 22, 1899
(Berl., 3 sheets; usque ad 2 m. alta); R. Pilger 505 (Berl.); Ponson,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1828 (Del., type of Bidens quadrangularis
DC.); Raimooser, Paraguay (U.V., 2 sheets); A, F. Regnell III.
778 pro parte, in forest, Caldas, Minas Geraes, Brazil, February
23, 1869 (Stockh.); Salzmann, cultivated places about Bahia, Brazil,
1830 (Del., type); F. Schickendantz 57, Yacatula, Prov. Catamarca,
Argentina, March, 1879 (Berl.; forma); Sello, Brazil (Berl., 2 sheets);
idem 607, Brazil (Berl.); Teodoro Stuckert 9469, Burruyacu, Prov.
Tucuman, Argentina, April 1, 1900 (Del., 2 sheets); idem 9215,
Tucuman, April 6, 1900 (Del.); idem 13077, Burruyacu, April 20,
464 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
1903 (Del.); Tamberlik, western Brazil (Mus. V.); Algernon Weddell
3169, Paraguay, April-May, 1845 (Par., 3 sheets).
0. E. Schulz (loc. cit.) found in the herbarium of the Botanical
Garden at Berlin three sheets of Bidens material collected by Sello
(the name often spelled "Sellow" in literature), No. 607, in Brazil.
These he determined as Bidens megapotamica Spreng., although
the labels bore no data as to the locality in Brazil whence the plants
came. Sprengel's description was based upon a plant collected by
Sello at "Rio Grande" in "Brazil."1 That Schulz had not seen this
Rio Grande specimen is shown by his citing it "Sellow ex Sprengel."
In 1923 (Bot. Gaz. 76: 91) I presented these and other facts and stated
the conclusion that Bidens megapotamica was a species of Thele-
sperma and as such had been correctly renamed Thelesperma mega-
potamicum (Spreng.) 0. Kuntze (taking precedence in Thelesperma
over the synonym T. Scabiosoides Less.).
In 1926 (Bot. Gaz. 81: 252-254) I reported finding what seemed
an authentic specimen of Bidens megapotamica Spreng. in the Deles-
sert Herbarium and on the strength of that specimen, of the well
known Isostigma Peucedanifolium (Spreng.) Less., made the new
combination I. megapotamicum (Spreng.). About the same time,
but too late to prevent publication of this new combination (vide
Bot. Gaz. 83: 425. 1927), Dr. S. F. Blake reported finding the true
type of B. megapotamica Spreng. in the Schultz Bipontinus Herbarium
(Par.). This plant, as his photograph and observations showed, was
true Thelesperma Scabiosoides Less. Thus the plant of the Delessert
Herbarium was seen to be of spurious or at least erroneous determina-
tion, and my first reasoning, namely, that Bidens megapotamica
Spreng. was equivalent to and took precedence over Thelesperma
Scabiosoides Less, (thus validating the name Thelesperma mega-
potamicum [Spreng.] 0. Ktze.), was proved correct.
1 Sprengel Latinized the citation Rio Grande to read "Ad fl. magnum Amer.
austr.," evidently thinking that a Rio Grande River had been meant by Sello.
The name megapotamica would seem to emphasize this fact. A study of various
specimen labels, however, shows that Sello collected many specimens either in the
State of Rio Grande Do Sul or in the country just south, which, although shortly
after Sello's collecting separated from Brazil under the name of Uruguay, was
considered a part of Brazil when Sello collected, and may easily have been con-
sidered by him a part of the adjacent province of Rio Grande Do Sul. Thus we
read (as given by Lessing, Linnaea 6: 103. 1831): "Sellow in Brasilia meridionali
ad Rio Pardo Octbr. et Novbr. 1823"; ibid. 141, "In Monte Video Commerson
et Sellow"; ibid. 516, "Sellow in Campis ad Rio Nigro." In this connection we
may note also that DeCandolle (Prodr. 5: 634. 1836) cites for the State of Rio
Grande Do Sul four species of Thelesperma and Isostigma collected by Sello and
cited by Lessing merely as coming from Brazil.
THE GENUS BIDENS 465
This is particularly reassuring, since it enables us definitely to
eliminate from consideration the trivial name megapotamica in the
genus Bidens, where it had been placed erroneously by 0. E. Schulz
(loc. cit.), and for the one species considered here to take up the
name B. subalternans DC.
Bidens platensis Mang. was described as a hybrid between B. pilosa
L. (staminate) and "B. bipinnata L." (pistillate). A study of Miss
Manganaro's text convinced me some time ago that the plant which
had been assumed to be B. bipinnata L. was in reality B. subalternans
var. simulans. Recently I was given valuable aid in the determi-
nation of B. platensis by Professor Angel L. Cabrera of the La Plata
Museum in Argentina. In a letter he wrote to the following effect:
His numerous searches in the past for the type of B. platensis had
been fruitless. He therefore had given the type up for lost.
Recently, however, he had been entrusted with the rearrangement
of the Spegazzini collections for the La Plata Museum. Now, the
late Miss Manganaro had been a pupil of Spegazzini, and at her
death her parents sent her collections to Spegazzini. Professor
Cabrera found her collections inside an old chest, in November, 1930.
The herbarium was in great disorder, without labels or any other
indications. There were, however, several specimens of Bidens that
had been very carefully mounted, and these were "closely similar to
the original figure of B. platensis." Since no other specimens in the
Manganaro collection had been given such special care, Professor
Cabrera concluded (without doubt rightly) that these specially
mounted ones represented the type material of B. platensis. He
lent two of the supposedly type specimens for study and they are
now before me. Both are typical B. subalternans.
Bidens subalternans var. /3. simulans Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 88: 291. 1929.
A specie foliis plus dissectis, segmentis plerumque plus minusve
linearibus, differt.
Type specimen : Collected by Pedro Jb'rgensen, No. 1785, growing
erect, one meter high, Department of Andalgala, Province of Cata-
marca, Argentina, October 1, 1917 (U.S.).
Distribution : With the species, but much rarer.
Specimens examined: A. L. Cabrera 873, La Plata, Argentina,
April 18, 1929 (Field); P. Dusen, in cultivated places, Tlapcrussu,
Parana, Brazil, February 29, 1912 (U.S.); idem 9432, in grassy,
shrubby places, State of Parana, March 25, 1910 (Gray; N.Y.;
466 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
U.S.); Guill. Herter 787 pro parte, alt. 30 meters, in clay soil, along
roads, Toledo, Dept. Canelones, Uruguay, May, 1927 (Gray);
P. Jorgensen 1283, Dept. Andalgala, Prov. Catamarca, Argentina,
October 11, 1916 (Gray; U.S.); idem 1785 (type, U.S.: cotype,
Gray); Otto Kuntze, Prov. Cordoba, Argentina, December, 1894
(N.Y.); idem, eodem loco (Mo.); Regnell III. 778 pro parte, in
cultivated places, Caldas, Minas Geraes, Brazil (Stockh.); idem
III. 778a, Rio Verde, Caldas (Stockh.); S.'Venturi 121, barracks
south of Buenos Aires, Argentina, April 28, 1902 (Stockh.).
At times Bidens subalternans is found with the leaves delicately
2-3-pinnatisect and the segments linear, even narrowly so. For a
number of years, when making herbarium determinations, I included
such forms under the species proper without distinction. Only more
recently have I distinguished them as var. simulans. In some
cases they suggest B. bipinnata L. so strongly as to create confusion.
In other cases they display a slight approach to B. exigua Sherff.
Bidens subalternans var. 7. unipinnata Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 88: 292. 1929.
A specie foliis pinnatim 3-5-partitis foliolis lanceolatis vel ovato-
lanceolatis differt.
Type specimen: Collected by Emil Hassler, No. 11558, in the
region of Lake Ypacaray, central Paraguay, February, 1913 (Gray).
Distribution: Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil.
Specimens examined: Beyrich, in rubbish-strewn places near Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil (Stockh.) ; Blanchet 816, about Bahia, Brazil, 1831
(N.Y.); R. E. Fries, Santa Barbara, Prov. Salta, Argentina, July,
1901 (Stockh.); Hassler 11558 (Gray, type); P. Jorgensen 1080,
Comau, Andalgala, Prov. Catamarca, Argentina, November 11,
1916 (Mo.); idem 2041, Terr. Chaco, Argentina (Mo.); G. A. Malme
1410B, in rubbish-strewn places, Santa Anna da Chapada, Matto
Grosso, Brazil, February 20, 1894 (Stockh.); Martins, herb-grown
places along San Francisco River near Joazeiro, Bahia, Brazil,
March-April (Kew); L. R. Parodi 7787, adventive in cultiva-
tions, Lanugasta, Chilecito, Prov. La Rioja, Argentina, January 31,
1927 (Gray).
Occasionally a South American specimen of Bidens is found with
the general aspect of B. pilosa L., but with the fruiting heads as
in the closely related B. subalternans. A close inspection shows that
the only difference from typical B. subalternans is in the once-pinnate
(instead of twice-pinnate) leaves.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXXVIII
BIDENS RUFOVENOSA Sherff (figs, a-t)
BIDENS LEPTOLEPIS Sherff (figs, j-p)
Of
11UHOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 467
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CX
Bidens subalternans: a (lower), 6 (upper), portions of flowering
and fruiting specimen, X0.57; c, exterior involucral bract, X4.53;
d, interior involucral bract, X4.53; e, ray corolla, X4.53; /, palea,
X4.53; g, disc floret, X4.53; h (outer), i (inner), achenes, X4.53; all
from Morong 959, in Hb. Gray.
134. Bidens domingensis 0. E. Schulz in Urban,
Symb. Antill. 7: 429. 1912. Plate CXI.
Herba erecta, annua, ramosa, 3-5 dm. alta, caule quadrangulato
subglabroque. Folia petiolata petiolis tenuibus ciliatisque usque ad
2.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto circ. 5-7 cm. longa, simpliciter pin-
nata, bijuga; foliolis membranaceis, ciliatis, utrinque pilis articulatis
crispis disperse pilosis; terminali oblongo-ovato, apice acuminate, ad
basim decurrenti, utrinque profunde 3-6-serrato, circ. 2-3 cm. longo
et 1-1.3 cm. lato; lateralibus ovatis, superioribus plus minusve
sessilibus, inferioribus breviter petiolulatis; folia suprema foliolis
angustiora et oblonga. Capitula pauca tenuiter pedunculata pedun-
culis 6-15 cm. longis, subradiata, pansa ad anthesin 4-8 mm. alta
et 4-9 mm. lata. Involucri bracteae exteriores circ. 8, lineares,
ciliatae, circ. 4.5 mm. longae, quam interiores lanceolatae paulo
breviores. Flores ligulati circ. 5, albidi, non perspicui; flores tubulosi
circ. 20. Achaenia linearia, subattenuata, nigrescentia, supra pilosa,
subtetragona, corpore 1-1.6 cm. longa, apice bi- vel rarius tri-
aristata aristis retrorsum hamosis 2.5-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Miguel Fuertes, No. 1324, at
altitude of 1,300 meters, La Ho near Rincon, Province of Barahona,
Santo Domingo, October, 1911 (Berl.).
Distribution: Island of Santo Domingo, West Indies.
Specimens examined: Fuertes 1320, alt. 1,300 meters, near Rin-
con, Prov. Barahona, October, 1911 (N.Y.); idem 1324 (type, Berl.:
cotypes, Del., 2 sheets; Mus. V.).
A species meriting further study. Plants collected by Raun-
kiaer1 appear to be B. pilosa and yet have capitula not essentially
different from those of the Fuertes plants of B. domingensis. (Cf.
etiam Fendleri 695 pro parte sub B. pilosa var. radiata.)
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXI
Bidens domingensis: a, b, lower and upper parts of flowering and
fruiting plant, X0.7; c, exterior involucral bract, X3.52; d, interior
1 C. Raunkiaer, La Cumbre, Haiti, April 8, 1906 (Cop.); idem 1005, Puerto
Plata, Haiti, April 5, 1906 (Cop.).
468 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
involucral bract, X3.52; e, ray floret, X2.ll; /, palea, X3.52; g, disc
floret, X4.22; h (outer), i (inner), achenes, X2.ll; a-d, f-J, from
type; e, from Fuertes 1320, in Hb. N. Y.
135. Bidens Malmei Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 89: 364. 1930.
PI. CXII.
Herba annua, erecta, caule acriter tetragona, supra ramosa,
0.4-1 m. alta. Folia tenuiter petiolata petiolis usque ad ±4 cm.
longis, petiolo adjecto 4-10 cm. longa, minutissime sparsimque
pubescentia, ciliata, membranacea, primaria mediana subbipinnata,
foliolis lateralibus 2-3 jugis, basalibus rursus 2-3-partitis, aliis indi-
visis, omnibus circumambitu ovatis circ. 2.5-3.5 cm. longis, crenato-
dentatis, dentibus (saepe duplicibus) unico latere circ. 6-12 ; superiora
minora, bipinnata vel etiam tripinnatisecta, segmentis plus minusve
ovato-oblongis. Capitula laxe corymboideo-paniculata, tenuiter
pedunculata pedunculis 5-17 cm. longis, subradiata, pansa ad
anthesin circ. 6 mm. alta et aequaliter lata. Involucri basaliter
hispidi bracteae exteriores 6-8, lineares, hispidae, apice subacutae,
sub apice rarissime subdilatatae, 3-4 mm. longae; interiores lineari-
lanceolatae, 5-7 mm. longae. Flores ligulati albidi rudimentarii,
ligula ipsa tantum circ. 1-1.5 mm. longi plus minusve obcordati
atque apice paucidentati. Achaenia linearia, nigra, tetragona, facie
unaquaque 2-sulcata, glabra vel paulo erecto-setosa, corpore
7-11 mm. longa et 0.5-0.7 mm. lata, apice exteriora 2-3- alia 4-aris-
tata, aristis stramineis retrorsum hamosis 2-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Gustaf 0. A. Malme, No. 1456,
near Menino Denso, Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Bra-
zil, March 3, 1902 (Stockh., 2 sheets).
Distribution: State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Specimens examined: Malme 1456 (2 type sheets, Stockh.).
Allied with Bidens bipinnata L., B. duranginensis Sherff, B.
Gardneri Baker, and B. subalternans DC.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXII
Bidens Malmei: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.62; 6,
exterior involucral bract, X4.92; c, interior involucral bract, X4.92;
(/, (rudimentary) ray corolla, X4.92; e, palea, X4.92; /, disc floret,
X4.92; g, achene, X3.69; all from 1st type sheet.
136. Bidens Cynapiifolia H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. PL 4: 185
(235). 1820. PI. CXIII.
Bidens Cynapifolia H.B.K. ex Heynhold, Nomencl. 121. 1840
(sphalm).
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXXXIX
BIDENS ASPERATA (Hutch. & Dalz.) SheriT
OF
UNIVERSITY
THE GENUS BIDENS 469
Bidens bipinnata var. Cynapiifolia (H.B.K.) Gomez, Ann. Hist. Nat.
Madrid 19: 275. 1890.
Caulis a basi ramosissimus, ramis perspicue tenuibus, foliis ple-
rumque pinnatis inferioribus circ. 3.5 cm. longis, foliolo terminali
circ. 1 cm. longo saepe integro var. 7. tennis.
Habitus diversa, foliis plerumque bipinnatis inferioribus majoribus.
Achaenia plerumque paulo recurvato-falcata, nonnulla (2-4 mar-
ginalia) dense hirta B. Cynapiifolia sensu stricto.
Achaenia recta vel subrecta, omnia glaberrima.
var. /3. portoricensis.
Herba annua, erecta; caule ramoso, tetragono, glabro vel nodis
piloso, 0.3-1.2 (rarius -2) m. alto. Folia petiolata petiolis 1.5-6
cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-15 cm. longa, bipinnata; foliolis valde
membranaceis, ciliatis, utrinque ad nervos sparsim adpresseque
pilosis, his vel suis lobis deltoideo-ovatis vel lanceolatis, serratis.
Capitula obscurissime radiata, ad anthesin minuta (5-7 mm. lata
et 4-6 mm. alta), floribus ±25, pedunculis tenuibus 2-9 (-15) cm.
longis. Involucri basis glanduloso-hispida; bracteis exterioribus
circ. 7, linearibus, acutis, fere glabris, 4-6 (-7) mm. longis, quam
interioribus paulo brevioribus. Flores ligulati 4 vel 5, ligula oblongo-
elliptici, pallide flavi vel albidi, apice integri vel irregulariter denti-
culato-incisi, 5-7.5 mm. longi. Achaenia linearia, tetragona, oli-
vaceo-brunnea, plerumque paulum recurvato-falcata, 4- (rariter
5- vel 6-) aristata aristis retrorsum hamosis et 1-3.5 mm. longis,
corpore 7-14 (-17) mm. longa, marginalia 2-4 brevia pilis brevibus
erecto-patulis dense hirta, reliqua glabrata.
Type specimen: Collected by Alexander Humboldt and Aime
Bonpland on the Island of Cuba,1 in April, 1799-1804 (Par.).
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the West Indies; in
State of Yucatan, Mexico, and throughout northern South America
to central Peru and the states of Matto Grosso and Ceara, Brazil;
has been collected (T. Thomson) also in northwestern Himalaya,
British East India, where doubtless adventive; recently established
in the Hawaiian Islands.
Specimens examined:2 Ed. Andre 151, La Guayra, Venezuela,
November 25, 1875 (Field; N.Y.); anon., St. Croix (Cop.); Charles
1 The type sheet gives Havana for the locality, but Bonpland's private dupli-
cate sheet gives "Guanayacoa" (Guanabacoa; across the small bay from Havana)
and so does Kunth's original description.
2 Many of these specimens were listed in the manuscript before it was decided
to maintain any varieties of B. Cynapiifolia, hence possibly a very few are included
which belong to var. portoricensis or var. tennis.
470 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Belanger 179, St. Pierre, Martinique, March, 1853 (Del.); idem 522,
eodem loco, 1860 (Par.); P. E. Benzon, St. Croix (Cop.); idem, West
Indies, 1820 (Cop.); Blauner 86, Aguas Claras, Puerto Rico, 1853
(Del.); L. J. K. Brace 385, Bahamas, April-June, 1879 (N.Y.);
N. L. Britton 1612, waste places, Bluefields and vicinity, Jamaica,
September 22, 1907 (N.Y.); idem 2972, roadside, Constant Spring,
vicinity of Kingston, Jamaica, August 29, 1908 (N.Y.); idem& uxor
& J. A. Shafer 116, Playa, vicinity of Matanzas, Cuba, March 12,
1903 (Cam.; N.Y.); N. L. Britton & J. F. Cowell 29, roadside, St.
Croix, September 5, 1901 (N.Y.) ; iidem & Stewardson Brown 4996,
waste grounds, Cayo Muertos, Puerto Rico, March 9-12, 1915
(N.Y.); N. L. Britton & John Shafer 752, banks, Isl. Tortola, Febru-
ary 13-17, 1913 (N.Y.); iidem 3117, rocky hill, Mt. Pleasant, Cura-
cao, March 20-27, 1913 (N.Y.) ; N. L. Britton & W. M. Wheeler 129,
waste places, Isl. Culebra, Puerto Rico, March 3-12, 1906 (N.Y.);
N. L. Britton & Percy Wilson 469, hills south of Matanzas, Cuba,
September 10, 1903 (N.Y.); W. E. Broadway, open places in the
lowlands, St. George's, Grenada, November-December, 1904 (Gray;
N.Y.) and March, 1905 /Del.); E. M. Bryant 69, windward coast,
Dominica, 1905 (Kew); Rob. Combs 152, not uncommon in fertile,
shaded places, Cieneguita, Distr. Cienfuegos, Prov. Santa Clara,
Cuba, June 17, 1895 (Berl.; Field; Gray; Kew; Mo.); J. S. De La Cruz
1839, Mora Landing, Moruka River, Pomeroon Distr., British
Guiana, August 21-23, 1922 (Gray; N.Y.); idem 3809, Waini River,
Northwest Distr., British Guiana, April 3-18, 1923 (Phila.); ex
Herb. Estacidn Central Agrondmica (Cuba) 1349, Laguna de Caste-
llano, vicinity of Santiago de las Vegas, Prov. La Habana, Cuba
(Field); A. H. Curtiss, in tobacco bed, Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines,
January, 1904 (N.Y.); 0. Debeaux, Fort de France, Martinique,
March 29, 1897 (Par.); Otto Degener 3777, between Waiohinu and
Kaalualu, Isl. Hawaii, September 9, 1929 (Field; U.S.); idem 3778,
eodem loco, September 10, 1929 (Field) ; idem 3780, arid cliff, South
Point above Pukawaakauhi, Isl. Hawaii, September 17, 1929 (Field) ;
idem 3781, arid pasture, Keei, Isl. Hawaii, September 21, 1929 (Field) :
idem & Herbert Kai 3779, dry, open forest, near Kaalualu, Isl. Hawaii,
September 13, 1929 (Field) ; Pere Duss 19, in fields, Antigua, Decem-
ber, 1902 (N.Y.) ; idem 468, Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, 1893 (Par.) ;
idem 1444, abundant at St. Pierre and Robert, Martinique, 1882
(N.Y.) ; idem 2504, road from Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, 1892 (Field);
Heinrich Franz Alexander Eggers, Isl. St. Croix, in 1874 (Cop.);
idem, in ruderal places, St. Thomas, February 8, 1877 (Gray) and
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXL
BIDENS URCEOLATA DeWild. (figs, a-g)
BIDENS RUBRA DeWild. (figs, h-o)
OF THt
8F HUMS
THE GENUS BIDENS 471
July, 1881 (N.Y.); idem 45, eodem loco, December, 1886 (Cop.); idem
204, eodem loco, September, 1880 (Gray) ; idem 208, alt. 330 meters,
Signal Hill, eodem loco, December, 1880 (Mus. V.; U.V.); idem
454, St. Thomas (Par.); idem 4601, Guantanamo, Cuba, February,
1889 (Kew); idem 5499, Gomez Bay, Tobago, October, 1889 (N.Y.);
Carl Ehrenberg 7, St. Thomas (Berl., 2 sheets); W. R. Elliott 117,
Grenada, 1888 (Field) ; A. Fendler 460, Trinidad, 1877-1880 (Brit.) ;
Emanuel Friedrichsthal 38 and 110, Santo Tomas, Guatemala, 1841
(Mus. V.) and 313 (Mus. V., 2 sheets) ; Fuertes 322, near Barahona,
Santo Domingo (Del., 3 sheets; N.Y.; Par.); Gabriel, French Guiana,
1802 (Del.); George Gardner 1742, Ceara, 1839 (Kew); G. F. Gaumer
940, Yucatan, Mexico (N.Y.; U.S.); idem 2498, Izamal, Yucatan
(Kew); Gillberg 167, Cartagena, Colombia, 1826 (Berl.); G. P. Goll
742, Jagney, Coamo, Puerto Rico, November 23, 1899 (U.S.);
Ludwig Hahn 383, between St. Pierre and Le Fond St. Denis,
Martinique, December, 1867 (Kew); A. A. Heller 6196, Adjuntas
Road, 8 miles from Ponce, Puerto Rico, December 4, 1902 (Del.;
Gray; Mo.; Phila.); J. Hennecart, Isl. Santo Domingo, March 11,
1827 (Par.); A. S. Hitchcock, Nassau, New Providence, November,
1890 (Mo.); idem, Constant Springs, Jamaica, December 10, 1890
(Mo.); idem, Grand Cayman, January 17, 1891 (Mo.); I. Hubo 30,
Para, Brazil, August, 1895 (Boiss.); Humboldt & Bonpland, Guana-
bacoa, Cuba (type and cotype, Par.); P. E. Isert, St. Croix, 1787
(Cop.) ; V. Jacquemont, wet places, Marquisant, near Port au Prince,
Haiti, March 11, 1827 (Kew); Jenman 4643, Bartica Grove, British
Guiana, November, 1888 (Brit.); idem 5383, coast lands, British
Guiana, June, 1889 (N.Y.; U.S.); J. R. Johnston 709, Mameyes,
Puerto Rico, December 5, 1912 (N.Y.); E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith
14807, alt. 100 meters, clearing, Puerto Wilches and vicinity, Dept.
Santander, Colombia, November 28-December 2, 1926 (U.S.);
Krebs, St. Thomas, October, 1846 (Cop.); Otto Kuntze, Trinidad,
April, 1874 (Field, sub nom. B. pilosa L. subdiscoidea f . decomposita) ;
idem 533, Guama, Puerto Rico, March, 1874 (N.Y.); McLadyer,
Jamaica (Kew); L. A. Lee, Port Castries, St. Lucia, December 1,
1887 (U.S.); Leon 1399, Prov. Pinar del Rio, Cuba, August 12, 1909
(N.Y.) ; E. C. Leonard 3455, Port au Prince, Haiti, April 1-2, 1920
(Phila.); Leprieur, French Guiana (Del.); idem, eodem loco, 1835
(Del.; Par.);Meyen, Lima, Peru, May, 1831 (Berl.); G. 0. A. Malme
3166, Cujaba, Matto Grosso, April 29, 1903 (Stockh.); idem 3166a,
eodem loco, May 3, 1903 (Stockh.); C. F. Millspaugh 501, Charlotte
Amalie, St. Thomas, January 17-18 (Field) ; S. L. Moore 581, Santa
472 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Cruz, Matto Grosso,1 November, 1891 (Brit.); Otto 428, Colombia
(Kew); A. C. Persaud 112, sandy and cultivated places, Georgetown,
British Guiana, February, 1923 (Field) ; H. Pittier 4839, in savannas
near sea level, Aguadulce, Prov. Code', Panama, December 3-6,
1911 (U.S.); Poiteau, Isl. Santo Domingo, 1802 (Del.); C. Raunkiaer
1004, Puerto Plata, Isl. Santo Domingo, April 5, 1906 (Cop.) ; L. C.
Richard, French Guiana (Par., sub nom. Bidente multipartita) ;
A. E. Ricksecker 13, Christiansted (Bassin), St. Croix, October 23,
1895 (Mo. ; N.Y.) ; Mrs. J. J. Ricksecker 129, eodem loco, February 16,
1897 (Mo.; U.S.); J. von Rohr, St. Croix (Brit.); H. H. Rusby &
F. W. Pennell 147, alt. 350-400 meters, dry, open loam, Girardot,
Dept. Cundinamarca, Colombia, July 19, 1917 (N.Y.); Ramon DeLa
Sagra, about Havana, Cuba, 1825 (Del.); Carlos Schunke 1425, alt.
1,000 meters, Chanchamayo Valley, Dept. Junin, Peru, April,
1929 (Field); J. A. Shafer, Prov. La Habana, Cuba, April 2, 1903
(Carn.) ; idem 2439, waste places, Isabel Segunda, Isl. Vieques, Puerto
Rico, January 24-27, 1914 (N.Y.); idem 4334, Lower Valley of Rio
Miel, Oriente, Cuba, March 17, 1910 (Field) ; idem 12071, roadside,
Spiritus, Prov. Santa Clara, Cuba, February 15-24, 1912 (N.Y.);
P. Sintenis 27, mountain slopes, Mesa, Mayagiiez, Puerto Rico,
October 20, 1884 (Kew; Mo.; Mun.); idem 1978, on slopes, Coamo,
Aibonito, etc., Puerto Rico, November 4, 1885 (Berl., 2 sheets);
idem 4226, among coffee bushes, Mt. Galsa, Adjuntas, Puerto Rico,
April 28, 1886 (Del.); idem 4651, on slopes at Yunco, Adjuntas,
June 24, 1886 (Mo.; Par.; U.V.); idem 5072, at La Tandura, Tabu-
coa, Puerto Rico, September 18, 1886 (Brit.; Del.; Carn.; U.S.);
H. H. Smith 600, common in clearings and dry woods, alt. 75 meters,
Santa Marta, Colombia, November, 1898-1901 (Berl. ; Brit. ; Carn. ;
Del.; Kew; Mo.; N.Y.; Phila.); idem 601, boggy, open land, south of
Mamatoca, Santa Marta, Colombia (N.Y.); idem & G. W. Smith
305, alt. up to 300 meters, St. Vincent, West Indies (Kew); R. Spruce
651, Santarem, State of Para, Brazil, April, 1850 (Mun.) and 829
(Boiss.; Brit.; Del., 2 sheets; Kew, 2 sheets; Petrop.; Webb); F. L.
Stevens 6359, Isl. Mona, December 20-21, 1913 (N.Y.); Norman
Taylor 23, Santiago, Cuba, August 27, 1906 (N.Y.); T. Thomson, alt.
1,500-2,100 meters, northwestern Himalaya, India (Mus. V.); J.
W. H. Traitt 492, Manaos, Amazonas, Brazil, June 12, 1874 (Kew) ;
Triana 1371, alt. 600 meters, Rio Apulo, Prov. Bogota, Colombia
(Par.) ; H. Von Tilrckheim 3646, alt. 300 meters, among bushes, near
Maniel de Ocoa, Isl. Santo Domingo, October, 1910 (Del. ; Kew; Mun. ;
1 Name of state supplied from Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. ser. 2. 4, pt. 3: 270. 1895.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXLI
BIDENS TAITENSIS Shertf
1Mb.
THE GENUS BIDENS 473
N.Y.); Weigelt, Surinam (De\.) ; Llewelyn Williams 1249, Santa Ana
on the Upper Rio Nanay, Dept. Loreto, Peru, July 7, 1929 (Field) ;
idem 2601, La Victoria on the Amazon River, Dept. Loreto, August
20, 1929 (Field); Wilson 255, Jamaica, 1857 (Kew); Charles Wright
315, eastern Cuba, 1856-1857 (Gray; Kew); Wullschldgel 300, along
roads and among bushes, Paramaribo, Surinam (Mus. V.); H. Wydler
101, St. Thomas, 1827 (Del., 2 sheets).
Bidens Cynapiifolia var. /3. portoricensis (Spreng. ex DC.)
0. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 131. 1911.
Bidens portoricensis Spreng. ex DC. Prodr. 5: 601. 1836.
Capitula floribus radialibus deficientibus discoidea, raro radiata.
Omnia achaenia glaberrima, quadriaristata; corpore saepius nigro ac
recto vel subrecto, aristis saepius stramineis.
Type specimen; Collected by Charles Joseph Bertero in Puerto
Rico and sent to DeCandolle (Del.).
Distribution: With the species but much rarer.
Specimens examined:1 Bertero, Puerto Rico (type, Del.); B. E.
Dahlgren & E. Sella 479, Belem, State of Para, Brazil, March-May,
1929 (Field) ; iidem 726, eodem loco et tempore (Field) ; G. 0. A.
Malme 31666, subruderal place, Santa Anna do Chapada, Matto
Grosso, Brazil, May 26, 1903 (Stockh.); Passarge 23, Rosalia,
eastern Venezuela, 1901 (Berl.); P. Sagot 351, lies du Salut, French
Guiana, 1854 (Boiss.; Del.; Mus. V., 2 sheets; Par., 2 sheets); idem
(similiter) 351, Karouany, French Guiana, 1858 (Brit.; Kew; nom.
vulg., Persil diable) ; R. Schomburgk 455 p.p., Berbice, British Guiana,
1837 (Berl.; Brit.); P. Sintenis 3787, in forests at La Plata, Guanica,
Puerto Rico, February 17, 1886 (Berl.); Norman Taylor 388, edge of
road, La Romana, Prov. of Seibo, Santo Domingo, December 1-3,
1909 (N.Y.); E. Ule 5155, edge of forest, Bom Fim, Amazonas,
Brazil, November, 1900 (Berl.).
Bidens Cynapiifolia var 7. tenuis 0. E. Schulz in
Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 131. 1911.
Caulis a basi ramosissimus; ramis tenuibus. Folia minora, infe-
riora petiolis circ. 1 cm. longis exclusis circ. 2.5 cm. longa (foliolo
terminal! circ. 1 cm. longo, saepe integro, jugis inferioribus brevis-
sime petiolulatis, foliolis parce crenatis); folia superiora (petiolo
1 See footnote under "Specimens examined" for the species proper. The few
examples listed have been selected partly with the aid of memoranda as to O. E.
Schulz's determinations in the Berlin Herbarium.
474 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
adjecto) 1.5-2 cm. longa, simpliciter pinnata, petiolo circ. 0.5 cm.
longo. Capitula eis plantae typicae aequalia.
Type specimen: Collected by Fr. Xavier, on hills near Jacmel,
Haiti, December (Berl.).
Distribution: Haiti and Puerto Rico and perhaps elsewhere in
the range of the species proper.
Specimens examined: P. Sintenis 27C, bank of river, Fajardo,
Puerto Rico, April 21, 1885 (Boiss.); idem 3591, among bushes at
Montalba, Guanica, Puerto Rico, February 2, 1886 (Berl.; Field;
Mus.V.).
Apparently a mere state of the species itself.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXIII
Bidens Cynapiifolia: a, portion of fruiting specimen, X0.85; b
(upper), c (lower), leaves, X0.85; d, exterior involucral bract, X6.82;
e, interior involucral bract, X6.82; /, palea, X6.82; g, disc floret,
X6.82; h (outer), i (inner), achenes, X3.41; a, b, mainly from type;
c-4, from Duss 1444, in Hb. N.Y.
137. Bidens riparia H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 185 (236). 1820.
PI. CXIV, figs. i-p.
Bidens Ambrosioides Willd. ex 0. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill.
7: 132. 1911.
Folia tripartita var. /3. refracta.
Folia bipinnata B. riparia sensu stricto.
Herba annua, erecta, 3-5 dm. alta; caule tetragono, glabro,
ramoso. Folia petiolatapetiolistenuibus 1-5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto
0.4-1.2 cm. longa, membranacea, supra pilosiuscula, subtus glabra,
margine scabro-ciliata, bipinnata, segmentis ovatis vel lanceolatis,
plus minusve inciso-lobatis et -dentatis, terminali apicaliter acumi-
nato-angustato. Capitula pauca, inconspicue radiata, terminalia,
tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis 0.2-1.5 dm. longis, ad anthesin
(bracteis exterioribus non inclusis) 5-8 mm. lata et 4-6 mm. alta.
Involucrum basi piloso-hispidum ; bracteis exterioribus 7-13, anguste
linearibus, patentibus reflexisve, glabris vel interdum remotissime
hispido-ciliatis, apice acutis, 6-10 mm. longis; interioribus lineari-
lanceolatis, 4-7 mm. longis. Flores ligulati deficientes vel 4 vel 5,
minuti (3-5 mm. longi), flavido-albi, ligula elliptico-ovati vel oblongo-
elliptici, apice integri vel denticulati. Achaenia tetragona, linearia,
recurvata, brunnea vel olivaceo-brunnea, 3- vel 4- (vel etiam 5-)
aristata aristis retrorsum hamosis, una duabusve erectis, reliquis
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXLII
E E SHERFF DEL
BIDENS FISCHERI (O. Hoffm.) Sherff (figs, a-h)
BIDENS SCHIMPERI Schz. Bip. ex Walp. (figs, i-q)
OF
THE GENUS BIDENS 475
reflexis, 2-3.5 mm. longis; interiora demum glabra vel apicem versus
hispida, supra saepeplus minusve attenuata, corpore 1-1.5 cm. longa;
nonnulla exteriora1 dense pilosiusculo-hispida, breviora, crassiora.
Type specimen: Collected by Alexander Humboldt and Aime
Bonpland, in very warm places on the bank of the Magdalena River
near Badillas, Colombia, May, 1801 (Par.).
Distribution: Southern Mexico southward through Guatemala
and Costa Rica to northern Peru and central Brazil.
Specimens examined: N. J. Andersson 66, Puna, Prov. Jujuy,
Argentina, 1852 (Stockh., 2 sheets); Bernoulli & Cario 1384, Gra-
nados, Guatemala, November, 1877 (Berl.; Kew); Burchell 8805,
State of Para, Brazil (Gray; Kew; Par.; Petrop.; Webb); D. da
Rocha 3, Bahia, Brazil (Field) ; 0. de Carvalho 5, Vianna, Maranhao,
Brazil, July 23, 1919 (Field); George Gardner 3851, Goyaz, Brazil
(Mus. V. ; Par. ; Webb) ; G. F. Gaumer 2498, Izamal, Yucatan, Mexico
(Berl., 2 sheets); Humboldt & Bonpland, bank of Magdalena River
near Badillas, Colombia, May, 1801 (type and cotype, Par.); E.
Langlasse 414, alt. 50 meters, La Puerta, southern Mexico, October
4, 1898 (Berl.; Gray; Kew; U.S.); Alb. Ldfgren 495, Ceara, Brazil
(Stockh.); Martius, in cultivated and rubbish-covered places along
Itapicuru River near Caxias, Maranhao, Brazil, May (Mun., 2
sheets); Ridley, Lea, & Ramage, suburbs of Pernambuco, Brazil,
July 13, 1887 (Brit.); A. de Saint Hilaire 1199, Goyaz, Brazil, 1816-
1821 (Par.); A. Tonduz 13618, roadsides at Nicoya, Costa Rica,
December, 1899 (Berl., 2 sheets; Brit.; Del., 2 sheets; Kew; U.S.);
A. Weberbauer 5975, alt. 200-300 meters, western slopes of Andes,
Terran (east-southeast from Piura), Peru, March 27, 1912 (Berl.);
Llewelyn Williams 7917, alt. 120 meters, Iquitos, Dept. Loreto,
Peru, March-April, 1930 (Field).
Humboldt sent some of the type material of Bidens riparia to
Willdenow, who labeled it B. Ambrosioides. From the Willdenow
Herbarium (Berl.) Schultz Bipontinus obtained a leaf and some
achenes, which are preserved in a packet in his private herbarium
(Par.) and are likewise labeled B. Ambrosioides ("Willd. herb. no.
15031 fol. 1 ... "). Kunth's name B. riparia takes precedence
over Willdenow's, having received earlier publication.
Bidens riparia var. /3. refracta (Brandeg.) 0. E. Schulz in
Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 132. 1911. PI. CXIV, figs. a-h.
Bidens refracta Brandeg. Zoe 1: 310. 1890.
1 Kunthii descriptio "interiora" dixit per errorem.
476 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Usque ad 9 dm. alta. Folia tripartita; foliolis ovatis vel ovato-
lanceolatis, serratis, terminal! acuminate majoreque. Achaenia extima
perpauca dense pilosiusculo-hispida crassioraque, 0.8-1.2 cm. longa.
Achaeniorum interiorum longiorum aristae 1.5-5 mm. longae.
Type specimen: Collected by Townsend S. Brandegee, No. 319,
in the shade of trees and bushes, near Miraflores, Lower (Baja)
California, October 13, 1890 (Calif.).
Distribution: Lower California and State of Sinaloa, Mexico,
southward through Central America to Galapagos Islands, Peru,
Colombia, and British Guiana to east central Brazil (State of Bahia).
Specimens examined : George Barclay 2643, loam soil, arid banks,
Gulf of Fonseca, Central America, November, 1830 (Brit.); idem,
Huamantanga, Peru (Gray); Brandegee 319 (type, Gray: cotype,
Phila.); idem, eodem loco, September 27, 1899 (Gray); idem, common
at Cofradia (vicinity of Culiacan), Sinaloa, October 20, 1904 (Calif.);
Padre Cornelio 24, Venezuela (N.Y.) ; C. C. Deam 242, alt. 186 meters,
Zacapa, Guatemala, January, 1905 (Gray); Placide Duchassaing,
Panama, 1851 (Par., 2 sheets); George Gardner 878, Bahia, Brazil,
1837-1839 (Brit. ; Del., 2 sheets; Kew; Mus.V.) ; G. F. Gaumer^bl p.p.,
Yucatan, Mexico, 1895 (Berl.; Boiss.; U.S.); idem 2499, Izamal,
Yucatan (Field); idem 2504, eodem loco (Field); Oscar Haught
F139, on the Tablazo, northeast of Talara, Dept. Piura, Peru,
March 29, 1929 (Field); William Heuston,1 1730 (Brit.); Heyde &
Lux 4208 pro parte, alt. 1,200 meters, Santa Rosa, Dept. Santa Rosa,
Guatemala, November, 1892 (Field) ; Jenman 5499, British Guiana,
October, 1889 (U.S.; forma foliolis inferioribus 3-4-partita) ; E.
Langlasse 523, alt. 250 meters, Chaveta, southern Mexico, October
26, 1898 (Berl.; Gray; Kew); C. L. Lundell 899, common weed
1 meter tall, Tuxpena, Campeche, Mexico, November 4, 1931
(Stanf .) ; Ynes Mexia 189, alt. 240 meters, deciduous woods, foot-
hills, La Noria, Sinaloa, Mexico, October 8, 1925 (Mo.); Edward
Palmer 205, Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, October, 1894-March,
1895 (Gray); idem 923, Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico, December,
1890 (Berl.; Brit.; Gray); idem 1631, Lodiego, Mexico, October
9-25, 1891 (Field) ; G. H. Pring 10, alt. 180 meters, bank of Magda-
lena River, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia, April 25, 1923 (Mo.); A.
E. Salazar 387, Rancho del Agua Fria, San Ignacio, Sinaloa, Mexico,
June 11, 1918 (U.S.; nom. vulg., tomatillo); W. Schaffner, near
1 Labeled "Heustin [sic], Jamaica, 1730." Neither the variety nor the species
proper is known to occur in Jamaica. Concerning the inaccuracy of Heuston
labels reading thus, see Millspaugh and Sherff, Rev. N. Amer. Sp. Xanthium.
Field Mus. Bot. 4: 21. 1919.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI. Plate CXLIII
BIDENS SCHIMPERI Schz. Bip. ex Walp.
THE GENUS BIDENS 477
Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico, October (Gray; Mus. V.); H. Schenck
4095, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, June-September, 1887 (Berl.);
Berthold Seemann, Panama (Brit.); C. L. Smith, Isl. Ometepe, Nica-
ragua, January, 1893 (Gray) ; R. E. Snodgrass & E. Heller 92, Iguana
Cove, Albemarle Isl., Galapagos Isls., March 4, 1899 (Gray; Stanf.);
iidem 316, alt. 600 meters, South Narborough Isl., Galapagos Isls.,
April, 1899 (Gray; Stanf.); iidem 338, eodem loco, abundant,
March, 1899 (Gray) ; iidem 380, most abundant, growing in lava soil
everywhere in shade of bushes and trees, James Bay, James Isl.,
Galapagos Isls., April, 1899 (Gray; Stanf.); iidem 420, Charles Isl.,
Galapagos Isls., May, 1899 (Stanf.); iidem 732, Hood Isl., Galapagos
Isls., May, 1899 (Gray; Stanf.); Alban Stewart 743, alt. 60 meters,
open places, abundant, Iguana Cove, Albemarle Isl., Galapagos
Isls., 1905-1906 (Brit.; Mo.).
Brandegee's original description, like several others of his Bidens
descriptions, was carelessly drawn. The exterior involucral bracts
are linear, not "linear-lanceolate." The terminal leaflet is larger,
not "much smaller" than the lateral ones. The achenes are almost
uniformly shorter than he says, very few being "20-25 mm." long.
0. E. Schulz (loc. cit.), in reducing this form to varietal rank
under B. riparia, differentiated the two forms on the basis of fruit
characters, but an examination of many specimens of each form shows
that the only genuine difference is in the foliage. B. refracta Bran-
deg. has tripartite leaves while B. riparia H.B.K. has bipinnate or
tripinnatisect leaves. This difference Schulz seems to have over-
looked. Indeed, he even refers to B. refracta, Tonduz 13618, a plant
identical in foliage and other parts with the type and Bonpland co-
type of B. riparia.1
Several years ago, on having examined 22 collections of the
refracta form and failed to find more than one approach in foliage to
that of B. riparia, I concluded (Bot. Gaz. 64: 35. 1917) that "the
probabilities are strong that B. refracta and B. riparia are entirely
distinct species." Since then, I have seen several other foliage
intergradations. Furthermore, we have the important consideration
that in numerous species of Bidens the foliage is known positively
to vary from tripartite (or even simple) to bipinnate or tripinnatisect.
Thus all attempts to defend a specific segregation of the tripartite-
1 Schulz's confusion of the refracta with the riparia forms is shown further by
certain of his determinations at Berlin. For example, he there referred not only
Tonduz 13618, but also Bernoulli & Carlo 1384 and Gaumer 2498 to refracta. All
these are riparia proper.
478 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
leaved form would seem to be futile and the varietal rank proposed
for B. refracta Brandeg. by 0. E. Schulz is here adopted.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXIV
Bidens riparia, figs, i-p: i, j, small fruiting branches, X0.7; k,
portion of leaf, enlarged to show ciliation, X6.3; I, exterior involucral
bract, X3.5; m, interior involucral bract, X3.5; n, palea, X3.5; o
(outer), p (inner), achenes, X3.5; i, l-p, from type;;, k, from Tonduz
13618, in Hb. U.S.
Bidens riparia var. refracta, figs, a-h: a, fruiting specimen, X0.7;
b, portion of leaf enlarged to show ciliation, X6.3; c, exterior involu-
cral bract, X3.5; d, interior involucral bract, X3.5; e, palea, X3.5;
/, disc floret, X3.5; g (outer), h (inner), achenes, X3.5; all from T.
S. Brandegee, Miraflores, Lower California, September 27, 1899,
in Hb. Gray.
138. Bidens Sambucifolia Cav. Icon, et Descr. 3: 15,
pi 229. 1795. PI. CXV.
Coreopsis Sambucifolia Cav. Descr. 225. 1802.
Bidens alamosana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 104, pi. 6. 1891.
Herba grandis, perennis, glabra, 1.5-3.3 m. alta, ramosa; non-
nullis caulibus ex una radice et basi fere 5 cm. crassis, manifeste
angulatis. Folia petiolata petiolis 2-3 cm. (vel ultra) longis, petiolo
adjecto 8-11 cm. (vel ultra) longa, membranacea, ciliata, pinnata,
foliolis quandoque 3 sed saepius 5, lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis,
serratis, lateralibus basi inaequilaterali connatis decurrentibusque,
terminali longiore. Capitula in ramis singulis corymbosa, radiata,
pansa ad anthesin 2.5-3.5 cm. lata et 10-15 mm. alta, pedunculata
pedunculis 0.4-1.5 dm. longis, graveolentia et odore Tageti similia.
Involucrum glabratum vel minute pubescens, totum irregulariter
in bracteas lineares vel lineari-lanceolatas 4-6 mm. longas exteriores
plerumque 10-12 non semper ab interioribus valde distinctas
divisum. Flores ligulati 9-12, ligula oblongo-obovati, apice saepe
tridentati, satiate aurantiaci vel interdum fere sed non vere coccinei,
1.2-1.6 cm. longi; tubulosi elongati, tenues, sursum non urceolati,
4- vel 5-dentati. Achaenia linearia, valida, acute quadrangulata,
plus minusve recurvata, fusco-nigra vel nigrescentia, glaberrima,
corpore 12-18 mm. longa, 4- (rarissime 3- vel 5-) aristata; aristis
retrorsum hamosis, 2-3.5 mm. longis, una saepe quam ceteris multo
breviore.
Type specimen: Obtained in flower during November in the
Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid, from material coming originally,
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXLIV
I h /op
BIDENS SCH1MPERI Schz. Bip. ex Walp. (forms)
C '.'?!
OF T«i.
ftp |UI|IO|S
THE GENUS BIDENS 479
according to Cavanilles, from Peru and Mexico. The citation of
Peru, however, is unquestionably erroneous. No specimens are
known from Peru. Furthermore, the Pavon specimens cited (Boiss.),
which from a comparison of other Pavon herbarium specimens
(e.g., "Bidens odorata Cav.") are found to be doubtless some of
Cavanilles' original material, are labeled "Nueva Espafia" and thus
are seen to have come from Mexico.
Distribution: States of Sinaloa and Sonora, northwestern Mexico.
Specimens examined: T. S. Brandegee, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Sep-
tember 12, 1904 (Calif.); idem, eodem loco, September 20, 1904
(Calif.; Gray); E. A. Goldman 247, Valley of Rio Fuerte, Sinaloa,
October 14, 1898 (Gray); cult, in Hort. Bot. Neapolit. (Del.); J. G.
Ortega 5213, alt. 20 meters, Piaxtla, San Ignacio, Sinaloa, Mexico,
July, 1923 (Stanf.); idem 6599, Santa Maria, Syndicure of Baila,
Municipality of Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico, December, 1926 (Stanf.);
Edward Palmer, Culiacan, Sinaloa, October 25-November 18, 1891
(U.S.); idem 6, Alamos, Sonora, September 16-30, 1890 (Kew);
idem 278, eodem loco, March 26-April 8, 1890 (type of Bidens
alamosana Rose, U.S.: cotypes, Boiss.; Calif.; Gray; Kew); idem
1715, Imala, Sinaloa, September 25-October 8, 1891 (Gray); ex
Herb. Pavon, Mexico (Boiss., 2 sheets; Del.); Rose, Standley, &
Russell 12932, arroyo near Alamos, Sonora, March 16, 1910 (U.S.);
iidem 14673, river bed, Guadalupe, Sinaloa, April 18, 1910 (U.S.);
iidem 14907, Culiacan, Sinaloa, April 21, 1910 (U.S.); Wilhelm
Schaffner 529, in marshy, shady places, near Culiacan, Sinaloa,
October, 1866 (Gray; Par.); I. L. Wiggins 6429, along bank of Rio
Cedros at village of Cedros, Sonora, Mexico, March 5, 1933 (Stanf.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXV
Bidens Sambucifolia: a, flowering branch, xO.95; b, exterior in-
volucral bract, X2.71; c, interior involucral bract, X2.71; d, ray
corolla, X2.71; e, palea, X2.71; /, disc floret, X2.71; g, anthers,
X 10.16; h, upper portion of pistil, X9.48; a, mainly from Cavanilles'
type plate, but finished from, and figs, b-h drawn entirely from a
sheet of apparently Cavanilles' original material in hb. Pavon, in
Hb. Boiss.
139. Bidens Gardner! Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6,
pt. 3: 246. 1884. Plate CXVI.
Herba gracilis, parce ramosa, 6-13 dm. alta, brevissime scabrido-
hispida vel hie illic glabrata; caulibus ramisque obtuse vel acute
tetragonis, supra elongatis, internodiis superioribus folia multo
480 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
superantibus. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.5-2.5 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto 3-8 cm. longa, membranacea, ciliata, inferiora plerumque
simplicia vel tripartita foliolis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis crenato-
serratis dentium apice subobtuse indurato-apiculato; superiora (vel
raro omnia) bipinnatifida, segrnentis lanceolatis. Capitula pauca,
radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 2.5-3 cm. lata et 8-10 mm. alta,
longe tenuiterque pedunculata pedunculis 1-2.1 dm. longis. Invo-
lucrum basi hispidum; bracteis exterioribus 10-12, linearibus vel
lineari-spathulatis, subacutis, saepe strigosis, 2-3.5 mm. longis; interi-
oribus latius linearibus, 5-7 mm. longis. Flores ligulati 6-8, obscure
aurantiaci vel saepius atro-purpurei rubrive (sicci plus minusve
cinnamomei), ligula elliptico-oblongi, apice irregulariter dentati, 1.2-
1.6 cm. longi ; flores disci brunnei. Achaenia linearia, valde tetragona,
nigrescentia, glabra vel quaedam strigosa, corpore 7-10 mm. longa,
apice 4- (vel rarissime 3-) aristata, aristis inaequalibus, erectis, rigi-
dis, retrorsum et saepe oculis pectinatim hamosis, 1.2-2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by George Gardner, No. 4256, in rocky
places at San Domingos, State of Goyaz, Brazil, May, 1840 (Kew,
2 sheets).
Distribution: Paraguay and southern Brazil northward and
northeastward through Brazil to the states of Matto Grosso, Goyaz,
and Bahia.
Specimens examined: B. Balansa 908, Ticada in the great forest
of Caaguazu, Paraguay, March 3, 1876 (Kew) ; Burchell 6901 and
6902 (Kew); Karl Fiebrig 74, northern Paraguay, 1909 (Hassl.);
idem 679, Cerros de Tobati, Paraguay, January 10, 1903 (Berl.,
2 sheets; Brit.; Del.; Field; Gray; Hassl.; Kew; Mun.); Gardner
3850, dry, hilly places, Conceigao, Goyaz, February (Kew); idem
4256 (type, Kew, 2 sheets: cotypes, Brit.; Webb); Guilhermo Gehrt,
Ityrapina, Sao Paulo, Brazil, April 28, 1927 (Field) ; Emil Hassler
1877, in thickets near Piribebuy, Paraguay, February, 1885-1895
(Boiss.; Hassl.; Kew; Par.); idem 4253, San Estanislao, Paraguay,
August 10, 1898-1899 (Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Gen.; Hassl.; Kew;
Mus. V. ; Par.) ; idem 7454, in ruderal spots near Conception, Paraguay,
September, 1901-1902 (Brit.; Hassl., 2 sheets); idem 9177, in fields
near Caaguazu, Paraguay, March, 1905 (Del.); F. C. Hoehne, State
of Sao Paulo, Brazil, May 21, 1927 (Field); A. Lofgren 590, June
5, 1888 (Cop.); G. 0. A. Malme 16825, ruderal and along road,
Buriti near Santa Anna do Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil, June
16, 1894 (Stockh., 2 sheets) ; idem 3374, edge of forest, Santa Anna
do Chapada, May 17, 1903 (Stockh., 2 sheets); idem 3374a, in
THE GENUS BIDENS 481
garden, subruderal, eodem loco, May 16, 1903 (Stockh.); Merkel,
Brazil (Cop.); Herm. Meyer 2, Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, April 16,
1896 (Berl.); Pohl 1698 (distrib. No. 413), in front of Barra, Bahia,
Brazil (Berl.; Kew, 2 sheets; Mus. V., 3 sheets); Riedel & Lund
883, 984, and 2221, in shady places, Araracacoara (Araraquara),
Minas Geraes, May, 1834 (herb, ignot.); T. Rojas 10260, in fields
at margins of forests near Estrella, Sierra de Amambay, Paraguay,
March, 1908 (Brit.; Hassl.); A. St. Hilaire 1192, State of Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil, 1816-1821 (Par.); Eugene Warming, Lagoa Santa,
Minas Geraes, December 4, 1863 (Cop., 3 sheets; Par.); idem 639
pro parte, eodem loco (Cop.); A. Weddell 3302, Paraguay, April-
May, 1845 (Par., 3 sheets, sub nom. Bidente rubra Schz. Bip.;
see next paragraph below).
A species with lower part of plant having aspect usually re-
sembling that of Bidens pilosa L. The bipinnatifid upper leaves,
however, as also the few long peduncles and the radiate flowering
heads, distinguish it easily from that species. Occasionally the
leaves, all or nearly all, are bipinnatifid, giving the plant a very
different appearance. Baker described the ligulate florets as being
orange-colored, but a number of dried flowering heads observed in
herbaria appear to have the ligules more of a reddish brown or
cinnamon color. Fiebrig, on the labels for his No. 679, describes the
ligules as fire-red and the disc florets as brown. Hassler, on labels
for his No. 4253, describes the ligules as dark purple or obscurely
orange-colored. We may note, further, that long before Baker's pub-
lication of Bidens Gardneri, Schultz Bipontinus had designated the
Weddell plant (in herb.) as Bidens rubra, evidently for the very
reason that its rays were red.
The mature fruiting heads are noticeable for the conspicuous
retrorse barbs of the achenes, these barbs suggesting strongly the
teeth of a comb.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXVI
Bidens Gardneri: a and d (lower), 6 and c (upper), portions of
flowering and fruiting specimens, X0.59; e, lower surface of portion
of leaf, enlarged to show pubescence, Xl.76; /, exterior involucral
bract, X3.52; g, interior involucral bract, X3.52; h, ray corolla,
X3.52; i, palea, X3.52; j, achene, Xl.76; a", from Pohl 413, in Hb.
Kew; b, c, partly from Gardner 3850 and partly from 2 sheets of
Pohl 413, all in Hb. Kew; d, from Fiebrig 679, in Hb. Field; e, j,
from Pohl 413, in Hb. Kew;f-i, from Gardner 3850, in Hb. Kew.
482 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
140. Bidens flagellaris Baker in Mart. Fl. Brasil.
6, pt. 3: 248. 1884. PI. CXVIL
Herba perennis, erecta, glabra, simplex vel copiose ramosa,
0.9-2 m. alta, interdum glauco-viridis, caule primario subtereti.
Folia petiolata petiolis marginatis usque ad 1.5 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto plerumque 5-9 cm. longa, mine pinnatim 3-partita segmentis
subulatis gracillimis, elongatis, flexuosis, lateralibus terminal!
4.5-8 cm. longo subaequalibus, saepe tantum 0.4-0.6 mm. latis;
nunc 2-3-pinnata, segmentis usque ad 2 cm. longis et 1.2 mm. latis,
indurato-apiculatis; raro indivisa et foliolo mediano foliorum 3-par-
titorum similia. Capitula discoidea tenuiter pedunculata pedun-
culis 3-8 cm. longis, ad anthesin 6-7 mm. lata et 7-11 mm. alta.
Involucri bracteae exteriores 7-10, anguste lineares, subacutae,
3-4 mm. longae, quam interiores lanceolatae dimidio breviores.
Achaenia linearia, subtetragona, brunnea vel fere nigra, glabra, unica
facie plerumque 2-sulcata, corpore 1-1.4 cm. longa et circ. 1 mm.
lata, biaristata; aristis subcalvis vel irregulariter retrorsumque
hamosis, saepe late divergentibus, circ. 1.5-2.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by George Gardner, No. 4255, in upland
bushy fields between Pass£ and San Domingos, State of Goyaz,
Brazil, May, 1840 (Kew).
Distribution: States of Goyaz and Minas Geraes, Brazil.
Specimens examined: Gardner 4255 (type, Kew); A. Glaziou
19525, near Diamantina, Minas Geraes, March 28, 1892 (Berl.;
Kew; Par.); Martins, in fields along brooks, Minas Geraes, May
(Mun.) ; Mosen 4217, on dry hills near the Rio Verde, Caldas, Minas
Geraes, January 25, 1876 (Stockh.); A. F. Regnell, Caldas, Minas
Geraes, January 25, 1876 (Par.); idem ser. Ill, 779, Minas Geraes,
February 11, 1877 (Berl.; Stockh.); A. de Saint Hilaire 1191, eodem
loco, 1816-1821 (Par.; forma plus foliosa, foliis 2-3-pinnata); idem
1193, eodem loco et tempore (Par.); idem 1194, Brazil, 1816-1821
(Par. ; foliis inferioribus vel principalibus saepe bipinnatis vel etiam
plus minusve tripinnatifidis).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXVII
Bidens flagellaris: a (lower), 6 (upper), portions of fruiting and
flowering specimen, X0.63; c, exterior involucral bract, X3.79; d,
interior involucral bract, X3.79; e, palea, X3.79; /, disc floret,
X2.52; g, achene, X3.79; all from type.
141. Bidens nudata Brandeg. Zoe 1:309. 1890. PI. CXVIII.
Suffrutescens, glabra, 4-5 dm. alta; caulibus multis, supra inter-
dum fere efoliatis, infra foliosis, basi ligneis. Folia petiolata petiolis
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXLV
BIDENS KIRKII (Oliv. & Hiern) Sherff
OF THt
UNIVSB8ITY OF IUIUOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 483
ad basim membranaceo-connatis 1-3 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto
6-12 cm. longa, bipinnatim dissecta in segmenta longa filiformia
0.3-1 mm. lata Integra eciliataque, ultima 0.7-3 cm. longa. Capitula
pauca, radiata, pansa ad anthesin ±4 cm. lata et ±1.3 cm. alta,
pedunculata; pedunculis tenuibus, nudis vel 1-4- bracteatis, 0.3-1.4
dm. longis. Involucrum glabratum; bracteis exterioribus 7-10,
linearibus, acutis, 2.5-6 mm. longis; interioribus lanceolatis, 5-8 mm.
longis. Flores ligulati 6-8, flavi, ligula elliptico-obovati, 1-2.2 cm.
longi, subintegri vel denticulati, 12-14 striis percursi, styliferi
fertilesque. Achaenia atra, linearia (unicum aequaliter latum fere
totam longi tudinem), tetragona, omnino 8-sulcata, supra strigosa,
marginibus costisque interdum subtuberculata, apice biaristata
aristis tenuibus et retrorsum hamosis, 2-3 mm. longis; interiora
tenuissima, corpore 6-12 mm. longa; exteriora latiora, corpore 5-7
mm. longa, aristis caducis.
Type specimen: Collected by Townsend S. Brandegee, No. 318,
Sierra de Francisquito, Lower California, Mexico, October 19,
1890 (Calif.).
Distribution: Lower (Baja) California, Mexico.
Specimens examined: Brandegee, San Bernardo Canyon, October
13, 1893 (Calif.; Gray); idem, Sierra de la Laguna, October 19, 1893
(Kew); idem 318 (type, Calif.: cotypes, Field; Phila.); Harvard
University Bot. Gard., cult., December 4, 1894 (Gray).
A species distinguished from most others in the genus by the
styliferous and fertile ray florets, also by the achenes, which are
parallel-sided throughout almost their entire length.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXVIII
Bidens nudata: a (lower), 6 (upper), portions of flowering and
fruiting specimen, X0.67; c, exterior involucral bract, X4.67; d,
interior involucral bract, X4.67; e, ray corolla, X2;/, palea, X4.67;
g, disc floret, X4.67; h, anthers, X 17.33; i, upper portion of pistil,
X20; j (outer), k (inner), achenes, X5.33; a, b, from T. S. Brandegee,
Sierra de Laguna, Lower California, October 19, 1893, in Hb. Kew;
c, d, f-k, from cotype in Hb. Field; e, from specimen cultivated in
Harvard University Botanical Garden, December 4, 1894, in Hb. Gray.
142. Bidens brasiliensis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 49. 1926.
PL CXIX.
Herba perennis, erecta, simplex vel supra ramosa, plus minusve
tomentosa, ±1 m. alta. Folia principalia sessilia, indivisa, rhom-
boideo-elliptica, utrinque sensim angustata, membranacea, molliter
484 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
denseque tomentosa, acriter numerosis dentibus serrata, 6-9 cm.
longa et 2.5-4 cm. lata; folia ramorum linearia, minora. Capitula
subnumerosa (±40), discoidea, florescentia ±8 mm. alta et ±6 mm.
lata, demum cum fructibus circ. 1.3 cm. longa et 1-2 cm.
lata. Involucri glabrati bracteae exteriores 5-8, lineares, subacute
indurato-apiculatae, 3-6 mm. longae, interiores lanceolatae 7-10
mm. longae. Paleae achaeniorum corpora aequantes vel superantes.
Achaenia atra, linearia, tetragona, omnino 8- (facie unaquaque 2-)
sulcata, glabra vel supra sparsissime erecto-setosa, exalata, corpore
1-1.3 cm. longa et circ. 1 mm. crassa, ad apicem erecto-setosa et
biaristata; aristis calvis vel saepius 1-3 hamis minutis retrorsum
hamosis, usque ad 2.3 mm. longis, interdum deficientibus.
Type specimen: Collected by Auguste de Saint Hilaire, No. 1196,
State of Minas Geraes, Brazil, 1816-1821 (Par.).
Distribution: State of Minas Geraes, Brazil.
Specimens examined: Saint Hilaire 1196 (type, Par.).
In general habit B. brasiliensis resembles simple-leaved plants of
B. Riedelii Baker and B. Chodati Hassler. It differs from the former
in its more numerous heads, its lack of ray florets, its elongate,
aristate achenes, etc. ; from the latter, in its wider and more rhombic
leaves, more numerous heads, smaller involucres with much more
nearly glabrous and less numerous bracts, etc. The type had been
collected by Saint Hilaire in two portions representing separately
the lower, leafy stem and the branched, fruiting top. Both of these
are taken as the basis for the description.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXIX
Bidens brasiliensis: a (lower), b (upper), portions of flowering and
fruiting specimens, X0.6; c, d, small portions of stem and leaf
enlarged to show pubescence, Xl.5; e, exterior involucral bract,
X3.6;/, interior involucral bract, X3.6; g, palea, X3.6; h, disc floret,
X3.6; i, achene, X 3. 6; all from type.
143. Bidens Riedelii Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 3: 246. 1884.
PI. CXX, figs. a-k.
Gymnopsis glaberrima Schz. Bip. ex Baker, loc. cit.
Bidens Riedelii var. typica et f. intermedia Chod. & Hassl. Bull.
Herb. Boiss. ser. 2. 3: 726. 1903.
Caulis glaber.
Folia principalia simplicia B. Riedelii sensu stricto.
Folia omnia pennisecta var. /3. Hassleriana.
Caulis hispido-pilosus var. 7. hirsuta.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany. Vol. XVI, Plate CXLVI
BIDENS MUSOZIANA Sherff
Or THt
HNIViRUTY flf
THE GENUS BIDENS 485
Perennis, glabra, parce ramosa, 5-10 dm. alta; caulibus gracilibus,
caespitosis, firmis, teretibus, e radice lignosa. Folia inferiora 4-6
juga contigua, subsessilia vel breviter petiolata petiolis usque ad 1
cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 3-5 vel etiam usque ad 10 cm. longa,
simplicia, firmula, rarius ovata saepius ovato-lanceolata vel anguste
oblongo-lanceolata, apice subacuta vel acuminata, margine argute
serrata, non ciliata, basi cuneata. Capitula pauca, radiata, pansa
ad anthesin circ. 4 cm. lata et 9-12 mm. alta, tenuiter pedunculata
pedunculis 5-11 cm. longis. Involucrum basi glabrum, bracteis
triseriatim dispositis; extimis atque intermediis simul circ. 12-14,
similibus, linearibus, subcarnosis, subobtusis, ciliatis, 4-6 mm. longis;
interioribus lanceolatis, 6-9 mm. longis. Flores ligulati 6-9, cin-
namomeo-rubri, ligula cuneato-elliptici, apice obsolete denticulati,
1.5-2.8 cm. longi; flores tubulosi cylindrici et non infundibuliformes.
Achaenia oblanceolata, subtetragona, brunnea, glabra, 8-9 mm.
longa, setis abortivis.
Type specimen: Collected byLudwig Riedel, No. 553, in dry fields
at the Rio Pardo, Brazil, September, 1826 (Kew, ex Petrop.).
Distribution: Paraguay and southern Brazil.
Specimens examined: B. Balansa, in fields, Caaguazu, Paraguay,
March 24, 1876 (Kew) ; E. Hassler 5580, on high plateau and slopes,
Sierra de Maracayu, Paraguay, December (Boiss.; Kew; Par.);
idem 5707, in region of the headwaters of the Rio Jejui-guazu, Para-
guay, December, 1898 (Boiss.; Brit.; Del.; Kew; Par.); idem 7910,
in region of the headwaters of the Rio Apa, Paraguay, November,
1901 (Berl.; Gen.; Gray; Hassl.; Kew, 2 sheets; Mus. V.; Par., 2
sheets); idem 7910a, eodem loco, December, 1901 (Hassl., 2 sheets;
forma varietati Hasslerianae adpropinquans) ; idem 9348, in fields,
near Caaguazu, Paraguay, March, 1905 (Hassl.); Riedel 553 (type,
Kew: cotypes, Gray; Par., 2 sheets; Petrop., 2 sheets); T. Rojas
9888, on high plateau and slopes, Sierra de Amambay, etc., Paraguay,
December, 1907 (Berl.; Brit.; Hassl., 2 sheets; Mus. V.; Par.).
Bidens Riedelii var. /3. Hassleriana Chod. Bull. Herb.
Boiss. 2. 2: 395. 1902. PI. CXX, fig. I.
A forma typica differt foliis omnibus pennisectis, sparsim his-
pidis, lobis linearibus incisis.
Type specimen: Collected by Emil Hassler, No. 5708, in a field
near the upper course of the Rio Jejui-guazu, vicinity of Yerbales,
Sierra de Maracayu, Paraguay, December, 1898 (Boiss.).
Distribution : Paraguay and northeastern Argentina.
486 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Specimens examined: Hassler 5708 (type, Boiss.: cotypes, Brit.;
Hassl.; Kew; Mus. V.); idem 12079, Sierra de Amambay, Paraguay,
January, 1913 (Berl.; Brit.; Hassl., 2 sheets; Kew; Par.); Nieder-
lein 414, Cerro de Santa Ana, Misiones Terr., Argentina, March,
1884 (Berl.).
Bidens Riedelii var. 7. hirsuta Hassl. Repert.
Sp. Nov. 14:272. 1916.
Caulis hispido-pilosus, folia supra et subtus scaberulo-pilosa.
Type specimen: Collected by Emil Hassler, No. 12045, in fields of
high plateau, "Serrados," Sierra de Amambay, Paraguay, June,
1912-1913 (Hassl., 2 sheets).
Distribution: Paraguay and northeasternmost Argentina.
Specimens examined: Hassler 12045 pro parte (2 type sheets,
Hassl.: cotypes, Berl.; Del., 2 sheets, parce hirsuta; Kew; Mus. V.;
Par., 2 sheets); P. Jorgensen, Bonpland, Government of Misiones,
Argentina, December 18, 1909 (Field).
A form looking very different from the species at first glance,
because of the pronounced hairiness. The hairiness is not a very
positive character, however, since the Delessert specimens are
somewhat smoothish and the specimen at the British Museum of
Natural History (omitted above) is distinctly glabrous.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXX
Bidens Riedelii, figs, a-k: a (lower), b (median), c (upper), portions
of flowering specimen, X0.66; d, ray floret, Xl.33; e, ray floret, X3.33;
/, smaller plant than in a-c, X0.66; g, pair of larger cauline leaves,
X0.66; h, exterior involucral bract, X3.33; i, interior involucral
bract, X3.33;;, palea, X3.33; k, disc floret, X3.33; a-c, from Hassler
5707, in Hb. Kew; d, e, from Hassler 7910, in Hb. Gray; /, g, from
type; h-k, from cotype, in Hb. Gray.
Bidens Riedelii var. Hassleriana, fig. I: typical cauline leaf,
X0.67; from Hassler 12079, in Hb. Brit.
144. Bidens Ghodati Hassl. Repert. Sp. Nov.
12: 369. 1913. PI. CXXI.
Bidens graveolens var. comosa Chod. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2. 2: 394. 1902.
Herbacea forsitan interdum suffruticosa, erecta vel suberecta,
1-2 m. alta; caule simplici, apicem versus vix in ramos 2-3 erectos
diviso, glabro, tereti, basim versus usque ad 6 mm. crasso; inter-
nodiis inferioribus mediisque 4-7 cm. longis, superioribus usque ad
19 cm. longis. Folia sessilia, semi-amplexicaulia et basibus inter se
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany. Vol. XVI, Plate CXLVII
BIDENS MOSSII Sherff
OF THt
NNIVF.RSITY OF ILLINOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 487
connata; nunc omnia lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata, acuta, basi
rotundata, subcoriacea, margine argute serrata dentibus apice
acute mucronulatis ac saepe incurvescentibus, supra breviter his-
pidula, infra pallidiora et dense tomentosulo-pubescentia, 7-10.5
cm. longa et 2.4-4.2 cm. lata; nunc superiora vel inferiora vel
etiam omnia minora, profunde pinnatifida, segmentis oblongo-
linearibus, acutis, mucronulatis, rhachi late alata. Capitula pauca,
terminalia, pedunculata pedunculis nudis bracteatisve erectis et
1-9 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2-3 cm. lata et 11-13 mm.
alta. Involucrum setulis squarrosis valde hispidulum; bracteis
exterioribus plemmque 8-12, linearibus, acute calloso-apiculatis,
8-14 mm. longis; interioribus paulo latioribus et parce brevioribus
(vel juvenibus triple brevioribus). Flores ligulati circ. 10, lutei,
ligula late lanceolati, striis circ. 10 purpureis parallels percursi,
extus dense flavido-pubescentes, intus glabrescentes, apice subacuti
flavido-puberulique, circ. 1.2 cm. longi et 3-3.5 mm. lati. Achaenia
linearia, tetragona, glabra, griseo-nigra, corpore circ. 1-1.2 cm. longa
et circ. 1.2 mm. lata, biaristata; aristis erecto-patentibus, retrorsum
hamosis vel demum glabratis, 2.5-3.5 mm. longis.
Type specimens: Collected by Emil Hassler, No. 3757, in rocky
places, Cordillera de Altos, Paraguay, January, 1899 (Hassl., 2
sheets).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Paraguay.
Specimens examined: Karl Fiebrig 571, Cordillera de Altos,
December 7, 1902 (Berl., 5 sheets, inferioribus vel omnibus foliis
pinnatis; Brit.; Del.; Kew; Hassl.; Mun.); Hassler 3757 (type,
Hassl., 2 sheets).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXI
Bidens Chodati: a (lower), portion of plant, X0.62; b (upper),
portion of flowering specimen, X0.62; c, compound leaf from another
specimen, X0.62; d, small portion of leaf from a, enlarged to show
pubescence, X2.48; e, exterior involucral bract, X2.48; /, interior
involucral bract, X2.48; g, palea, X2.48; h, disc floret with immature
achene, X2.48; i, achene, X2.48; a, d, from one sheet of Fiebrig 571,
in Hb. Berl.; b, e-i, from 2nd sheet of same, ibid.; c, from 3rd sheet of
same, ibid.
145. Bidens Pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 263. 1905.
PL XCV, figs. a-h.
Herba perennis; caulibus adscendentibus, basi ligneis, viridibus
vel subpurpurascentibus, manifeste tetragonis, infra glabratis vel
488 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
glabris, supra cano-pubescentibus setis brevibus, 3-4.5 dm. longis.
Folia petiolata petiolis 1-2.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 3-9 cm. longa,
1.5-5.5 cm. lata, 1-3-pinnatisecta, glabra; segmentis ultimis anguste
linearibus, apice acutissimis, indurato-apiculatis, 0.5-5.5 cm. longis
et 0.3-1.3 mm. latis. Capitula pauca, tenuiter pedunculata pedun-
culis 0.5-1.5 dm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2.5-3 cm. lata
et 8-12 mm. alta. Totum involucrum plus minusve cano-hispidum;
bracteis exterioribus circ. 15, anguste linearibus, ciliatis, apice
acriter indurato-mucronulatis, 4-5 mm. longis, interiores oblongo-
lanceolatas subaequantibus. Flores ligulati 8-10, albidi vel rosacei,
ligula anguste obovati, apice truncate grosse dentati, 1.3-1.6 cm.
longi. Achaenia (submatura) linearia, subtetragona, supra attenu-
ata, subnigra, marginibus et summis faciebus erecto-setosa, 2- vel
3-aristata aristis retrorsum hamosis 1-2 mm. longis, corpore exteriora
6-9 mm. et interiora 9-13 mm. longa.
Type specimen: Collected by Cyrus Guernsey Pringle, No. 8844, *
at altitude of 1,525 meters, in fields near Uruapan, State of Michoa-
can, Mexico, October 8, 1904 (Gray).
Distribution: Mexico, from southern part of State of Coahuila
to State of Michoacan.
Specimens examined: J. Gregg 438, mountains near Saltillo,
Coahuila, September 3, 1848 (Gray; Kew; Mo.); Pringle 8844 (type,
Gray: cotypes, Berl.; Boiss., 3 sheets; Brit.; Calif.; Carn.; Cop.; Del.;
Field, 2 sheets; Kew; Mun.; Mus. V., etc.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCV, FIGS, d-h
Bidens Pringlei: a, b, flowering and fruiting branches, X0.7; c,
exterior involucral bract, X3.5; d, interior involucral bract, X3.5; e,
ray floret, X3.5;/, palea, X3.5; g, disc floret, X3.5; h, achene, X3.5;
all from type.
146. Bidens angustissima H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 183 (233).
1820. PI. CXXII, figs. h-m.
Bidens angustifolia H.B.K. op. cit. 7: 359 (456). 1825 (cf. Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 88:286. 1929).
Folia 3-5-partita B. angustissima sensu stricto.
Folia indivisa var. /3. Linifolia.
Herba erecta, glabra vel sparsim pubescens, perennis e radice
lignea, erecte ramosa, graveolens, 3-7.5 dm. alta, ramis quadrangula-
ribus. Folia petiolata petiolis ciliatis 0.6-1.5 cm. longis, 3-5-partita;
1 The original description gives the number erroneously as 8814. The type
and various cotype sheets examined bear a printed label with number 8844.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany. Vol. XVI, Plate CXLVIII
BIDENS WHYTEI Sherff (figs, a-g)
BIDENS AMBIGUA S. L. Moore (figs, h-m)
THE GENUS BIDENS 489
foliolis angustissime linearibus, plerumque 0.3-0.6 mm. latis, apice
acuto-mucronatis, integerrimis, plerumque glabris, subcarnosis,
inaequalibus, lateralibus 1-4 cm. longis, terminali 4-6 cm. longo.
Capitula terminalia, longe pedunculata pedunculis usque ad 15 cm.
longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2-2.5 cm. lata et 6-9 mm. alta.
Involucri bracteae exteriores 8-10, lineares vel spathulato-lineares,
apice acute indurato-mucronulatae, glabriusculae vel interdum
irregulariter ciliatae, ad anthesin 3-4.5 mm. longae et circ. 0.4-0.6
mm. latae; interiores lanceolatae, margine manifeste diaphanae,
tergo dense et perspicue piloso-hispidae, ad anthesin 5-7 mm.
longae. Flores ligulati circ. 8, aurantiaco-flavi, glabri, ligula late
elliptico-oblanceolati, apice tridenticulati, 8-10 mm. longi. Achaenia
immatura tenuissime linearia (lateribus paribus intervallis inter se
distantibus), obcompresso-tetragona, glabra vel supra obscure setoso-
hispida, straminea, biaristata aristis tenuibus, retrorsum hamosis,
circ. 3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Alexander Humboldt and Aime
Bonpland in rather cold places at altitude of 2,340 meters, near the
western boundary of the State of Guanajuato (near Los Joares and
Santa Rosa de la Sierra), Mexico, in September, 1803-1804 (Par.).
Distribution: Mexico, from State of San Luis Potosi southwest-
ward across State of Guanajuato to northeasternmost Jalisco.
Specimens examined : Thomas Coulter 375 pro parte, Mexico (Kew,
cum var. L/inifolia lecta) ; Humboldt & Bonpland (type and cotype,
Par.) ; C. C. Parry & Edward Palmer 486, alt. 1,800-2,400 meters,
central Mexico, 1878 (Boiss.; Gray; Kew; Mo.; Phila., 2 sheets);
J. G. Schaffner 203 pro parte, in marshes near Morales, San Luis
Potosi, September, 1876 (Boiss., cum B. Schaffneri commixt. ; Brit. ;
Gray; Mun.); Walther Schumann 110, Jaral Mts., October 10, 1886
(Berl.).
Bidens angustissima var. /3. Linifolia (Schz. Bip. ex Klatt) Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 81: 49. 1926. PI. CXXII, figs. a-g.
Coreopsis linearifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 570. 1836.
Bidens Linifolia Schz. Bip. ex Klatt, Flora 68: 203. 1885.
A specie differt foliis indivisis, saepius 1-2 mm. latis.
Type specimen: Collected by Carl Ehrenberg, No. 356, near
Mineral del Monte, District of Huajalote, State of Hidalgo, Mexico.1
Distribution: Known only from the State of Hidalgo, Mexico.
1 Schultz Bipontinus' specimen is at Paris (Par.), while the specimen studied
by Klatt is doubtless another, perhaps one of the Berlin plants (Berl.).
490 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Specimens examined: Ehrenberg 356 (type material: Berl., 2
sheets; Par.); idem 386, eodem loco (Berl.); C. G. Pringle 6924, alt.
2,850 meters, granitic ledges, Cerro Ventoso above Pachuca, August
18, 1898 (Berl.; Boiss.; Cam.; Del.; Field; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; N.Y.;
Par.; Phila.; Mus. V.; U.V., etc.).
The type of Bidens angustissima is matched very well by Schultz
Bipontinus' type of the var. Linifolia, except that the latter has only
simple leaves, while the former has tripartite leaves. Klatt, in pub-
lishing the description of his B. Linifolia, described the heads as dis-
coid, but that rays were present on at least the Paris material is
shown by Schultz Bipontinus' label, in his own handwriting, which
reads, "achs. rad. calva. . . . ' Furthermore, Pringle collected
many fine specimens of the simple-leaved form, and these all show
orange-yellow rays, about 8 on each head. The only difference to
be found between the two species is the questionable one of foliage
(cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 34. 1917).
At Gray Herbarium there is a single sheet (Coulter 375, Mexico)
with three slender but well developed specimens; the largest one, at
the left, matching the type of B. angustissima, and the other two, at
the right, matching the type of B. Linifolia. From these it is evident
that the simple-leaved form does not merit higher than varietal rank.
The type material of Coreopsis linearifolia DC. (leg. Keerl, Tla-
pujahua, Mexico; Del.) I have not seen. I rely upon the determina-
tion "Bidens angustissima H.B.K." communicated by Dr. S. F. Blake
(in lit.), who made a study of the material in 1924, l also the
fact that DeCandolle classified his species among those having
undivided leaves.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXII
Bidens angustissima, figs, h-m: h, flowering branch, X0.69; i,
exterior involucral bract, X3.46;;, interior involucral bract, X3.46;
k, ray corolla, X2.77; I, palea, X3.46; m, disc floret with immature
achene, X3.46; all from Bonpland's private cotype, in Hb. Par.
Bidens angustissima var. Linifolia, figs, a-g: a and b, a flowering
specimen, X0.69; c, exterior involucral bract, X3.46; d, interior
involucral bract, X3.46; e, ray corolla, X2.77;/, palea, X3.46; g, disc
floret, X3.46; a, b, mainly from Schultz Bipontinus' specimen of
Ehrenberg 356 (type collection), in Hb. Par.; rest from Pringle 6924,
in Hb. Field.
iCf. Bot. Gaz. 85: 16. 1928.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CXLIX
BIDENS MICROCARPA Sherff (figs, a-h)
BIDENS GRACILIOR (O. Hoffm.) Sherff (figs, i-p)
OF Ittt.
UNIVERSITY Of IU.IIIOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 491
147. Bidens Anthemoides (DC.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 56:493. 1913;
ibid. 59: 306. 1915; ibid. 76: 153. 1923. PI. LXXXIV, figs. a^>.
Coreopsis Anthemoides DC. Prodr. 5: 573. 1836.
Bidens sarmentosa Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 264. 1905.
Bidens alpina Brandegee, Zoe 5: 239. 1907-1908.
Bidens Coreopsidioides Schz. Bip. ex. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 56: 493. 1913.
Bidens Schaffneri Schz. Bip. ex Sherff, loc. cit. ; non Bidens Schaffneri
(Gray) Sherff.
Bidens Purpusorum Bitter & Petersen ex Bitter, Repert. Sp. Nov.
17:335. 1921.
Herba annua (vel interdum perennis?), demissa, saepe ramosis-
sima, 1-2.5 (rariter -5.7) dm. alta, glabra vel inconspicue hispida,
caule ramisque saepe radicans, habitu fere Anthemidis arvensis L.
Folia petiolata petiolis 0.4-3 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 1-5 (-7.5)
cm. longa, pinnata vel bipinnata (rarissime 3-5-partita foliolis ovatis
vel ovato-lanceolatis) ; segmentis linearibus, acutis, indurato-apicu-
latis, crasso-marginatis, non ciliatis. Capitula radiata, pansa ad
anthesin 1.4-2 (rariter -2.8) cm. lata et 7-9 mm. alta, pedunculata
pedunculis terminalibus tenuibus 1-5 (-7.5) cm. longis. Involucri
basis glabra vel hispida, bracteis subaequalibus; exterioribus 6-10,
linearibus, glabris vel sparsim ciliatis et interdum hispidis, 2-5 mm.
longis. Flores ligulati plemmque 5, flavi, ligula lanceolato-elliptici
vel late obovati, apice integri vel denticulati vel etiam lobulato-
dentati et plus minusve emarginati, 0.6-1.3 cm. longi. Achaenia
linearia, atra, apicem versus plerumque non attenuata, glabra vel
parce strigosa, exalata, apice plerumque dilatata et exaristata vel
interdum biaristata aristis suberectis vel patentibus nunc glabris et
0.1-1 mm. longis nunc (rarius) retrorsum hamosis et 1-3.5 mm.
longis, corpore 4-7 (rariter -11) mm. longa et 0.7-1.2 mm. lata.
Type specimen: Collected by Jean Luis Berlandier, No. 1030,
at Cordillera de Guchilaque (near Cuernavaca, State of Morelos),
Mexico, October 21, 1827 (Del.).
Distribution : From the State of Vera Cruz westward to the states
of Mexico and Morelos, Mexico.
Specimens examined : Barnes & Land 369, alt. 2,940 meters, lava
fields, La Cima, Federal Distr., October 14, 1908 (Field; Kew);
Berlandier 1030 (type, Del.: cotypes, Berl.; Brit.; Del.; Hll.; Oxf.;
Par., 2 sheets; $tockh.};Bourgeau 836, deserts (tablelands) near City
of Mexico, Federal Distr., September 8, 1865 (Berl.; Boiss.; Del.;
Gray; Kew, 2 sheets; Par., 3 sheets); /. W. Clokey 1860, rocky hill-
492 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
side, Real del Monte, Hidalgo, September 15, 1910 (Mo.); Coulter
378, Mexico (Gray; Kew) ; Ehrenberg 436, Mineral del Monte, Distr.
Huajalote, Hidalgo (Berl., 2 sheets; Gray; Par.); H. M. Hall, from
Mexican material cultivated on University of California Campus,
Berkeley, California, August 28, 1911 (U.S.); Hort. Bot. Hauniensi,
cultivated in 1921 (type material, Bidens Purpusorum Bitt. & Pet.,
Cop., 2 sheets) ; Mr. & Mrs. J. G. Lemmon, Ajusco Mountains, State
of Mexico, 1905 (Calif. );Liebmann 647, Cerro Leon, July, 1841 (Cop.,
2 sheets) ; Fred Mutter 525, at foot of Mt. Orizaba, August, 1853
(Mus. V.; Petrop.); idem 527, Orizaba, August, 1853 (N.Y.); ex
Herb. Pavonii ex Mexico (Boiss., 2 sheets); C. G. Pringle 10130,
volcanic sand, Ajusco Station, Federal Distr., December 5, 1905
(Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Cop.; Del.; Field; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V.;
Par.); idem 11486, alt. 2,850 meters, Serrania de Ajusco, Ajusco
Station, Federal Distr., November 9, 1903 (type of Bidens sarmentosa
Greenm., Gray: cotypes, Berl.; Cop.; Kew); C. A. Purpus, fields,
Esperanza, Vera Cruz, August, 1907 (Calif., forma usque ad 4 dm.
alta) ; idem 1648, gravelly soil about timber line, Mt. Popocatapetl,
November, 1905 (cotypes, Bidens alpina Brandeg.: Berl.; Brit.;
Field; Mo.; U.V.); idem 3037, sandy soil, Mt. Popocatapetl, Sep-
tember, 1908 (Berl.; Brit.; Del., 2 sheets; Field; Mo.; Par.; Calif.);
idem 3634, Esperanza, Puebla, 1909 (Calif.); J. N. Rose & R. Hay
5812, Mt. Orizaba, July 26, 1901 (Gray); J.N. Rose&J.H. Painter
7881, Nevada.de Toluca, State of Mexico, October 15, 1903 (U.S.);
Schaffner, mountainous places, Mexico, September, 1855 (Gray);
idem 293, in mountains, Mexico, October, 1855 (Gray) ; H. Schenck
459, alt. about 3,800 meters, ridge between Mt. Popocatapetl and
Mt. Ixtaccihuatl, September 10, 1908 (Berl.); Schiede, near Tepeya-
hualco, Puebla, September, 1829 (Berl.); Schmitz, Valley of Mexico,
State of Mexico (Mus. V., 3 sheets); H. E. Seaton 272, alt. 2,700
meters, Mt. Orizaba, August 8, 1891 (Field; Gray); idem 497, alt.
2,400 meters, between Mt. Orizaba and Esperanza, Vera Cruz,
August 15, 1891 (U.S.); J. G. Smith, Mexico, 1892 (Mo.); Tote,
Mexico (Kew); Uhde 620 and 621, Mexico (Berl.).
Asa Gray (Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 15. 1883) carefully considered
this species, but retained it in Coreopsis, the taxonomic distinctions
between which and Bidens he admitted frequently in his writings to
be highly artificial. It is interesting to note, however, that Schultz
Bipontinus had given, previous to Gray's observations, the names
Bidens Coreopsidioides (not B. Coreopsidis as in Gray, loc. cit.) and
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CL
BIDENS PALUSTRIS Sherff (figs, a-g)
BIDENS TAYLORI (S. L. Moore) Sherff (figs, h-o)
Of THt
UMWERSin GF
THE GENUS BIDENS 493
Bidens Schaffneri to specimens of this species sent to the Gray
Herbarium and to the Berlin Herbarium.
The type (Berlandier 1030) is matched well by the type of Bidens
sarmentosa Greenm. (Pringle 11486) and that of Bidens alpina
Brandeg. (Purpus 1648 — not 1684 as erroneously printed in Brandeg.,
loc. cit.). The general habit suggests strongly that of Anthemis
(A. arvensis L.) , whence the specific name. I have seen two old speci-
mens in the herbarium of Pavon (Boiss.) from Mexico, which were
evidently cultivated forms belonging here. The larger one is more
than 3.6 dm. high; the smaller one bears a fruiting head with achenes
up to 8 mm. long and having naked, variously spreading or even
somewhat reflexed aristae 1.5-2 mm. long. These are the Bidens
bipinnatifida Herb. Pav. (nee aliorum).
The varying treatments accorded this species have been dis-
cussed in earlier papers (Sherff, op. cit., 1913, 1915, and 1923).
Recently Bitter has published the new name Bidens Purpusorum
Bitt. & Petersen for a plant the ripe achenes of which were collected
in 1908 by C. A. Purpus in fields in the vicinity of Esperanza,
Vera Cruz, Mexico, and sent to the Bremen Botanical Garden
under the name of Bidens grandi flora Balb. In the herbarium of
the University of California are two specimens collected by Purpus
and bearing field data essentially similar to those given by Bitter.
The first was collected at Esperanza in August, 1907, not "1908,"
and matches Bitter's description well. The second was collected at
Esperanza in 1909, and distributed under the name of "Bidens
pilosa Linn.? Form." It is Purpus 3634. This second plant differs
in being more branched and in having merely 3-5-parted leaves, not
2-3-pinnatifid leaves.1 Both forms have most of the achenial aristae
retrorsely barbed, but in this and other respects are connected with
typical Bidens Anthemoides by a large number of herbarium speci-
mens examined.
Similarly, the specimens cited above (vide sub Hort. Bot. Hauni-
ensi), raised at the Botanical Garden of Copenhagen from the achenes
of the type material of Bidens Purpusorum (Cop.), are found to be
referable at once to Bidens Anthemoides.
The type material for B. Anthemoides, B. sarmentosa, and B.
alpina was in each case the more common, small, alpine form, 0.5-2
1 In a number of species of Bidens a strong degree of polymorphism is known
to occur among the leaves; for example, B. aurea (Ait.) Sherff, B. triplinervia
H.B.K., B. andicola H.B.K., B. Chrysanthemifolia (H.B.K.) Sherff, and B. squar-
rosa H.B.K. The difference in the leaves, therefore, does not appear to be of much
importance in this case.
494 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
dm. tall. Taller forms are sometimes found, the taller of the above-
mentioned Pavon Herbarium specimens being an example. The
plant collected by Henry E. Seaton, No. 272, was over 4 dm. tall.
The plants cultivated in Bremen from achenes sent by Purpus grew
about 5 dm. tall. An exceptional specimen by Schiede from Tepeya-
hualco (Berl.) measures over 5.7 dm. in height. In 1917, Professor
H. M. Hall of the University of California sent me from the botanical
garden of that university several specimens of this species for deter-
mination. He wrote: "It has been in our botanical garden for a long
time without name .... It is rather attractive and is being used
to some extent as a bedding plant." The largest specimen measured
about 4 dm. high, and many of the immature achenes had aristae
retrorsely barbed.1 The occasional presence here of retrorsely barbed
aristae in a species usually lacking them demonstrates again the
impracticability of using the presence or absence of such aristae as a
distinguishing character for Bidens and Coreopsis (cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
59: 307. 1915). For 147a. Bid ens Muelleri Sherff, see p. 645.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXIV, FIGS. 0,-j
Bidens Anthemoides: a, flowering and fruiting spray, X0.65; 6,
exterior involucral bract, X5.23; c, interior involucral bract, X5.23;
d, ray corolla, X5.23; e, palea, X5.23;/, disc floret, X5.23; g, anthers,
X26.16; h, pollen grain, X261.6; i, upper portion of pistil, X26.16;
j, achene, X5.23; all from Pringle 11486 (type of Bidens sarmentosa
Greenm.), in Hb. Gray.
148. Bidens andicola H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 186 (237). 1820.
PI. CXXIII, figs, a-d and h-p.
Bidens fruticulosa Mey. & Walp. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1:
271. 1843.2
Bidens Cosmantha var. diversifolia Griseb. Symb. Argent. 198. 1879.
Bidens andicola vars. normalis and heterophylla 0. Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. PL 3, pt. 2: 136. 1898.3
Capitula subradiata.
Capitula pansa ad anthesin circ. 5 mm. lata .... var. e. Mandonii.
1 Dr. Hall examined for me three sheets of material from the same original
source (Calif.), and reported that one sheet had exaristate achenes. Thus here,
as already seen in many other cases, plants of the same collection are found to vary
decidedly in the matter of achenial aristae.
2 See also remarks upon Bidens diversifolia Willd. ex DC. under B. pilosa var.
alausensis (H.B.K.) Sherff.
1 Coreopsis patula Willd. (forsan ined.) was the name given to Bonpland 3125
(Par.), from equatorial America. The leaves were small, mostly tripartite.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLI
BIDENS SCHLECHTERI Sherff (figs, a-i)
BIDENS HOFFMANNII Sherff (figs, j-p)
OF TKt
UltVERSltt Of IUIHW
THE GENUS BIDENS 495
Capitula pansa ad anthesin circ. 7-8 mm. lata.
var. 7. Cosmantha. f. 1. Buchtienii.
Capitula perspicue radiata, ad anthesin multo majora.
Habitus plerumque perennis, foliis 1-7 cm. longis nunc indivisis
nunc tripartitis vel nonnullis etiam 1-3-pinnatis, capitulis
pansis ad anthesin plerumque 2-4 rarius usque ad 5.5 cm.
latis, achaeniis corpore 0.7-1.4 cm. longis.
B. andicola sensu stricto.
Habitus plerumque perennis, foliis 2-3-pinnatisectis usque ad 1 dm.
longis, achaeniis longioribus superne valde attenuato-elongatis.
var. j8. decomposite.
Habitus plus minusve annuus, foliis ternatisectis, capitulis 1 vel
paucis, normaliter radiatis et pansis ad anthesin 6-7 cm. latis.
var. 7. Cosmantha.
Habitus perennis, foliis plerumque indivisis, anguste vel late
oblongo-linearibus, interdum 1-5-lobatis vel 3-5-partitis, seg-
mentis linearibus; achaeniis parvis var. 5. tarijensis.
Habitus perennis, omnibus foliis pinnatim divisis segmentis elonga-
tis tenuiterque linearibus, achaeniis parvis.
var. 5. tarijensis f. 1. dissecta.
Herba perennis, semi-procumbens vel etiam erecta, valde hispido-
pubescens vel fere glabra, ramosa; caulibus parce angulatis, 2-6
(rarius -8 vel etiam usque ad 13 fide Lehmannii) dm. longis. Folia
1-7 cm. longa, valde polymorpha; nunc indivisa, ovata, serrata,
sessilia vel alato-petiolata, ad apicem obtusa vel subacuta; nunc
tripartita vel 1-3-pinnata foliolis ovatisvel lanceolatis vel linearibus
et ad apicem sensim vel abrupte apiculatis. Capitula ramos terminan-
tia, longe pedunculata, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2-4 vel rarius
etiam usque ad 5.5 cm. lata, 0.7-1.4 cm. alta. Involucrum perspicue
hispidum; bracteis exterioribus 8-10, lanceolatis vel lineari-oblongis,
ciliatis, supra saepe glabratis, apice plerumque obtusis, 5-6.5 mm.
longis, quam interioribus lanceolatis dense hispidis plerumque multo
brevioribus. Flores ligulati saepius 8, lutei, ligula elliptico-oblan-
ceolati, apice plerumque minute 3-denticulati, 1.2-2.5 cm. longi.
Achaenia tenuiter linearia, inferne sensim attenuata, obcompresso-
quadrangularia, sulcata, supra plus minusve erecto-hispida, fusco-
nigra, corpore 0.7-1.4 cm. longa et 0.4-1 mm. lata et paleas demum
superantia, apice bi- (vel pauca tri-) aristata, aristis tenuibus,
brunneo-stramineis vel rubescentibus, retrorsum hamosis, 1.7-3 mm.
longis.
496 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Type specimen: Collected by Alexander Humboldt and Aime
Bonpland at altitude of 3,150 meters, on slope of Mt. Chimborazo,
Ecuador, June, 1799-1804 (Par.).
Distribution: Region of the Andes from Colombia southward
through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia into northern Argentina.
Specimens examined : J. Ball, rocky places, alt. 3,600-3,900 meters,
Chicla, Peru, April 21-23, 1882 (Gray) ; Miguel Bang 16 pro parte,
alt. 3,000 meters, La Paz, Bolivia, 1889 (Berl.; Boiss.; Del., 2 sheets;
Gray; Kew, cum B. pilosa var. radiata commixta; Mo.; Mus. V.);
idem 141, eodem loco, 1890 (Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Cop.; Field; Gray:
Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V.; Phila., etc.); Aime Bonpland 3125,
equatorial America (Par., sub nom. Coreopside patula Willd. mss.);
Thomas Bridges, Bolivia (Brit.); Otto Buchtien, alt. 3,700 meters, on
hills, La Paz, Bolivia, February 5, 1907 (Berl.); idem, alt. 3,750-
3,800 meters, eodem loco, February, 1919 (Field, 2 sheets); idem,
alt. 3,750 meters, eodem loco, March 6, 1919 (Field); idem 23, on
hills and mountain slopes, alt. 3,700 meters, eodem loco, March, 1910
(Berl.; Del., 2 sheets; Field; Gray); idem (similiter) 23, alt. 3,200
meters, Unduavi, North Yungas, Bolivia, February, 1914 (Field;
forma B. triplinerviae var. macranthae adpropinquans) ; idem 98,
alt. 3,750 meters, dry hillsides, La Paz, Bolivia, May 18, 1907 (Field) ;
idem 205, alt. 3,200 meters, hills, Unduavi, North Yungas, February
12, 1907 (Field) ; idem 260, alt. 3,750 meters, hills, La Paz, April 18,
1907 (Field); idem 261, alt. 3,700 meters, eodem loco, February 5,
1907 (Field); idem 732, alt. 3,700 meters, eodem loco, February 5,
1907 (Field); idem 1462, La Paz, February 5, 1907 (Gray; Mun.);
idem 3072, alt. 3,300 meters, mountain slopes, Unduavi, North
Yungas, November, 1910 (Field; U.S.; forma B. triplinerviae var.
macranthae adpropinquans) ; idem 3073, alt. 3,200 meters, eodem loco,
February 12, 1907 (Field; forma B. triplinerviae var. macranthae
adpropinquans) ; idem 4305, alt. 3,750 meters, La Paz, April 8, 1919
(Field; Gray; U.S.); idem 4306, eodem loco et tempore (Field;
Hamb.); Gaudichaud (Voyage la Bonite) 1046, Purruchuca, Peru,
1836-1837 (Par., sub nom. Bidente diffusa); Fritz Claren 11443, alt.
3,650 meters, sandy places, Santa Catalina, Dept. Santa Catalina,
Prov. Jujuy, Argentina (Stockh.); R. E. Fries 987, alt. 3,300-3,400
meters, subhumid, cultivated places, Yavi, Prov. Jujuy, Argentina,
January 1, 1902 (Stockh., 2 sheets) ; R. Hauthal 334, alt. about 3,600
meters, La Paz, Bolivia, 1906 (Berl.); F. L. Herrara 2358, alt. 3,600
meters, hills of the Saxaihuaman, Dept. Cuzco, Peru, March, 1929
(Field); G. Hieronymus & P. G. Lorentz, vicinity of Nevado del
THE GENUS BIDENS 497
Castillo, Prov. Salta, Argentina, March 19-23, 1873 (Berl.); Hum-
boldt & Bonpland, alt. 3,150 meters, etc. (type, Par.: cotype, Willd.,
sub herb. No. 15032, fol. 2, et sub nom. Bidente pubescenti
Willd.); A. S. Kalenborn 1006, Oroya, Peru (U.S.); E. P. Killip
& A. C. Smith 21591, alt. 3,000-3,500 meters, on open hillside,
Rio Blanco, Dept. Lima, Peru, April 15-17, 1929 (Field); iidem
21766, eodem loco et tempore (Field); Otto Kuntze, Cochabamba,
Bolivia, March, 1892 (Mo., sub appellationibus /3. and a. normali) ;
idem, alt. 2,100 meters, Santa Rosa, Bolivia, April 1, 1892 (N.Y., sub
nom. Bidente grandiflora 5. serrulata 0. K.);F. C.Lehmann, abundant
in swampy places, alt. 3,000 meters, Pasto, Colombia, June 14, 1878
(Mus. V.) ; idem 357, alt. 2,000 meters, Tunguragua, Ecuador, October
31, 1879 (Boiss.); idem 2835, alt. 2,600-3,000 meters, Dept. Cauca,
Colombia, May 6, 1883 (Gray) ; idem 5977, abundant at alt. 2,500-
2,800 meters, on the Alto de Pesares above Popayan, Cauca, Colom-
bia, March (Berl.) ; G. Mandon 43 pro parte, uncultivated slopes at
alt. 2,600-2,700 meters, San Pedro, Bolivia, March, 1859 (Berl.;
Gray; Kew; N.Y.); idem (similiter) 43 pro parte, everywhere, in dry,
rocky, uncultivated places, alt. 2,650-3,200 meters, Sorata, Bolivia,
February-May, 1859 (Boiss.); idem 44 pro parte, San Pedro, Bolivia,
March, 1859 (Berl.; Brit.; Del., 2 sheets; Gray; Kew; Mus. V.);
idem 45 pro parte, alt. 3,200 meters, between Mt. Pocara and Habaya,
Sorata, Bolivia, February, 1859 (Brit.); idem 46 pro parte, Sorata,
(N.Y.) ; Mathews 1046, Cuesta de Purruchuca, Peru (Del., sub nom.
Bidente diffusa; Kew); F. W. Pennell 13555, rocky stream bank,
alt. 3,500-3,600 meters, Sacsahuaman, above Cuzco, Dept. Cuzco,
Peru, April, 24, 1925 (Field) ; idem 14240, alt. 3,500-3,550 meters,
rocky cliff below La Paz, Bolivia, May 19-20, 1925 (Field); idem
14730, alt. 3,400-3,600 meters, open, rocky slope, Huaros, Dept.
Lima, Peru, June 23, 1925 (Field); K. Pflanz 106, alt. 3,100 meters,
Palca, La Paz, Bolivia, April, 1908 (Berl.); idem 205, alt. 4,300
meters, eodem loco, February, 1908 (Berl.); idem 441, Palca, La Paz,
April 8, 1910 (Berl.); idem 466, alt. 3,650 meters, eodem loco, Febru-
ary 1, 1910 (Berl.) ; H. H. Rusby 1687, alt. 3,000 meters, near La
Paz, April, 1885 (N.Y.) ; idem 1688, alt. 3,000 meters, La Paz, Octo-
ber, 1885 (Berl.; Boiss.; Gray; Kew; Mo.; Phila.); F. Schickendantz
139, Yacatula, near Bele"n, Prov. Catamarca, Argentina, 1879-
1880 (Berl.); idem 200, Capillitas, Prov. Catamarca, February, 1873
(Berl., 2 sheets, 1 sub nom. Bidente Cosmantha var. diversifolia) ;
A. Weberbauer 2506, alt. 3,400-3,600 meters, mountains east of
Palca, Dept. Junin, Prov. Tarma, Peru, February 12, 1903 (Berl.);
498 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
idem 3057, alt. 3,700 meters, Hacienda Cajabamba (between Samanco
and Caraz), Dept. Ancash, Peru, May 24, 1903 (Berl.); idem 4854,
alt. 3,500-3,600 meters, Sacsahuaman, above Cuzco, Peru, May 24,
1905 (Berl., forma B. triplinerviae var. macranthae adpropinquans) .
For many years the identity of the South American Bidens andi-
cola has been obscured by the great multiplicity of foliage forms
encountered. Weddell, as early as 1856 (Chloris And. 1 : 70) described
it as a polymorphous plant ("Plante polymorphe et tres repande dans
la chaine, mais presque exclusivement alpestre"). Later, Otto
Kuntze, who like Weddell had collected in South America, com-
mented upon the variability of the leaves ("Eine robuste Art mit
einfach oder mehrfach ternatisecten Blattern, mittelgrossen gelben
Strahlbliithen, ziemlich grossen Bliithenkopfen, ausseren zottig
behaarten Involucralbracteen, etc., aber in Bezug auf Blattheilung
wie manche andere Bidens-Art sehr variabel" ; Rev. Gen. PI. 3, pt. 2:
136. 1898). In herbaria the numerous foliage forms are seen to
simulate corresponding forms of B. triplinervia H.B.K. (B. humilis
H.B.K., B. Crithmifolia H.B.K., etc.), and this has led often to con-
fusion between the two species. Some years ago I was enabled,
through the courtesy of Dr. Otto Buchtien (cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
76: 151. 1923), to study a great number of specimens collected by
him and displaying a wide range of variation. From these (Field)
and many others, totalling more than three hundred specimens, the
descriptions for B. andicola and its varieties are drawn. It was
found that sometimes, in poorly developed material, distinction from
B. triplinervia or its varieties is apparently impossible, but that in
well developed material the distinctions are usually very definite, B.
andicola being coarser, its thicker heads having commonly about
eight instead of commonly about five rays, etc. B. andicola has the
paleae shorter than the mature achenes and even this character alone
separates it from the surprisingly similar aggregation of Mexican
forms of B. triplinervia (Purpus 1547, 1548, 2637, 4135, 5089, 5620;
Rose & Painter 6666, 7949; Pringle 4915; E. W. Nelson 3220, etc.)
that in late years have passed erroneously under the name B. Dauci-
folia DC. In the latter the paleae are usually very blackish above
and commonly surpass the mature achenes.
The type sheet of B. fruticulosa Mey. & Walp. in Berlin bears
two small specimens collected by Mey en in April, 1831, about
Tacora, Peru. The leaves are undivided, ovate to oblanceolate,
and only about 1 cm. long, the heads 6-8-ligulate. The plants
match very closely a certain form found among the Buchtien plants
sld Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLII
BIDENS MILDBRAEDII Sherff
.
THE GENUS BIDENS 499
already cited (No. 4305), and thus are seen to be merely an extreme
form of B. andicola.
As stated in a former article (Bot. Gaz. 85: 2. 1928), Grise-
bach's B. Cosmantha var. diversifolia was described as having the
lowermost leaves ternatisect, the others entire, elliptic-oblong,
sharply serrate. It came from the Province of Catamarca, Argen-
tina. The Catamarca plants studied by Grisebach had been collected
by F. Schickendantz (Griseb. op. cit. 3). A good specimen of F.
Schickendantz 200, from Catamarca and bearing the determination
B. Cosmantha var. diversifolia Griseb., is extant in the Berlin Her-
barium. It is merely B. andicola H.B.K.
Bidens andicola var. /3. decomposita Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
3, pt. 2: 136. 1898. PI. CXXIII, figs. / and g.
Bidens macrantha Griseb. Abhandl. Goett. 19: 138. 1874.
Bidens grandiflora var. breviloba Kuntze, loc. cit.
Folia 2-3-pinnatisecta, usque ad 1 dm. longa, achaeniis superne
valde attenuato-elongata.
Type specimen: Collected by Otto Kuntze, at altitude of 3,000
meters, Cochabamba, Bolivia, March 26, 1892 (N.Y.).
Distribution: From Ecuador southward through Peru and
Bolivia into Argentina, where it extends as far south as the provinces
of Mendoza, San Luis, and Cordoba.
Specimens examined: J. Ball, rocky places, alt. 3,600-3,900
meters, Chicla, Peru, April 21-23, 1882 (Kew, ubi secundum speci-
men species ipsa est); idem, alt. 4,200-4,290 meters, above Casa-
palta, Peru, April 22, 1882 (Kew) ; idem, alt. 1,800-3,300 meters, in
valley of Rimac River, Peru, April, 1882 (Kew) ; Miguel Bang 16
pro parte, alt. 3,000 meters, La Paz, Bolivia, 1889 (Del. ; Mun. ; U.V.) ;
idem 141a, Bolivia (Cop.; N.Y.); Thomas Bridges, Bolivia (Brit.;
forma B. triplinerviae var. macranthae adpropinquans) ; Otto Buchtien,
alt. 3,840 meters, Bolivia, March, 1910 (Field); idem, alt. 3,750
meters, La Paz, Bolivia, March, 1912 (Brit.); idem, eodem loco,
March, 1913 (Cop.; Del., 2 sheets; Field; Gray; Kew; Mo.); idem,
alt. 3,800 meters, eodem loco, February, 1919 (Field) ; idem 150, alt.
3,750 meters, eodem loco, March, 1913 (Field) ; idem 377, eodem loco,
February 2, 1919 (Field); idem 812, eodem loco et tempore (Field,
2 sheets); idem 3066, eodem loco, March, 1910 (N.Y.); idem 3067,
alt. 3,700 meters, hills, La Paz, March, 1910 (Field); idem 4301 et
4302, alt. 3,750 meters, La Paz, February 2, 1919 (Field; U.S.); idem
8562, alt. 3,750 meters, eodem loco, February 13, 1931 (Field); idem
500 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
8563, alt. 3,850 meters, eodem loco et tempore (Field); idem 8660,
alt. 3,800 meters, eodem loco, April 25, 1931 (Field) ; Cardenas "68
special," alt. 3,300 meters, La Paz, Bolivia, May 7, 1922 (N.Y.);
K.Fiebrig 3004, South America (Berl.) ; idem 30326, alt. 3,600 meters,
Escayache near Tarija, Bolivia, January-February, 1904 (Stockh.);
C. Galander, Pampa del Matadero, Argentina, January 22, 1880
(Berl.); idem, ravine, at foot of Los Gigantes, Sierra Achala,
Prov. Cordoba, Argentina, January 23, 1880 (Berl.); idem, ravine,
eodem loco, January 24, 1880 (Berl.); idem, Estancia de las Rosas,
Prov. Cordoba, January 27, 1881 (Berl.); idem, Cuesta de San
Ignacio, Argentina, March 23, 1881 (N.Y.) ; idem, Sierra de la Estan-
zuela, Prov. San Luis, Argentina, March 3, 1882 (Berl.); idem,
ravine of los Bueyes near San Francisco, Prov. San Luis, March 17,
1882 (Berl.); idem, Cerro del Morro, Prov. San Luis, March 22, 1882
(Berl.) ; F. L. Herrera 1482a, alt. 3,350 meters, Cuzco, Peru, March,
1927 (Gray); G. Hieronymus, Paso de la Higuera at foot of the
Cuesta de Arpel, Sierra Achala, Prov. Cordoba, Argentina, March
24-25, 1874 (Berl.); idem, Sierra Achala, north from the Cuesta de
Copina, Argentina, February 19, 1877 (Berl.); idem 431, Cerro de
Orcosu, Dept. Las Minas, Prov. Cordoba, Argentina, February 20,
1876 (Berl.; Kew, ubi glabra et mexicanae B. serrulatae plus minusve
adpropinquans) ; idem & P. G. Lorentz 147, Los Potreros at foot of
Nevado del Castillo, Prov. Salta, Argentina, March 24, 1873 (Berl.,
forma tantum 5- vel 6-radiata); iidem 172, eodem loco, March 18,
1873 (Berl.; forma floribus ligulatis deficientibus vel minimis);
A. S. Hitchcock 20785, alt. 3,000 meters, open slopes, La Rinconada,
a ranch between Ibarra and Tulcan, Prov. Carchi, Ecuador, August
10-11, 1923 (N.Y.) ; P. Jorgensen 1363 pro parte, Dept. Andalgala,
Prov. Catamarca, Argentina, February 16, 1917 (U.S.; in Herb.
Calif, hie numerus species ipsa est); A. S. Kalenborn 100, alt. 3,000-
4,200 meters, dry hills, Oroya, Peru (U.S.); idem lOOa, Oroya (U.S.);
Margaret Kalenborn 100, alt. 3,000-5,100 meters, Oroya, 1919 (Mo.);
E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 24229, alt. 1,800-2,400 meters, open
hillside, Huacapistana, Dept. Junin, Peru, June 6-8, 1929 (Field) ;
P.O. Lorentz, Tucuman, Argentina (Kew; commun. Grisebach sub
nom. B. macrantha Griseb.); idem 152 and 152a, Sierra de Tucuman,
La Cie"naga, Prov. Tucuman, Argentina, March 25-31, 1872 (Berl.);
idem 188, meadows, etc., Ascodringa, Argentina, April, 1871 (Berl.);
idem 318, La Cie"naga, Argentina (Berl.) ; Macbride &Featherstone 441,
grassy hilltop, Matucana, Peru, April 12-May 3, 1922 (Field) ; Hans
Meyer 61, alt. 4,200-4,300 meters, paramo region, Mt. Chimborazo,
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLIII
f a
BIDENS BEQUAERTII DeWild.
Of THt
»ILIHC1S
THE GENUS BIDENS 501
Ecuador, 1903 (Berl.) ; K. Pflanz 406 p.p., alt. 3,550 m., Palca, La Paz,
Bolivia, March 13, 1910 (Berl.); E. C. Reed 142, Mendoza, Argentina
(Kew); H. H. Rusby 1686, near La Paz, Bolivia, April, 1885 (N.Y.);
C. S. Sargent 26, above Chicla, Peru, December 26, 1905 (U.S.; forma) ;
F. Schickendantz 201, Negrilla, Prov. Catamarca, Argentina, Febru-
ary, 1873 (Berl.); A. Weberbauer 275, alt. 4,400 meters, near Lima,
Peru, January 18-27, 1902 (Berl.).
Occasionally a form of B. andicola is found with the leaves highly
compound and the achenes strongly narrowed above, somewhat like
those of Cosmos. If it were not for various connecting forms this
would seem to be specifically distinct. Kuntze, who collected speci-
mens of it, referred at least one of them, a plant from Cochabamba,
Bolivia (N.Y.) to B. andicola, naming it var. decomposita. In a care-
less moment he named a precisely identical form collected between
Cochabamba and Rio Juntas, Bolivia (N.Y.) B. grandiflora var.
breviloba, although B. grandiflora ( = B. serrulata} is a Mexican species
not known to occur in South America.
To Kuntze's variety decomposita must be referred Bidens ma-
crantha Griseb., founded on a plant by P. G. Lorentz, No. 316,
alpine pastures near La Cie"naga, Argentina. The type is extant in
good condition (Berl.). Although lacking mature achenes, it matches
very closely the Bolivian specimens of var. decomposita, except in the
unimportant respect that it has somewhat larger rays.
Bidens andicola var. 7. Cosmantha (Griseb.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
85: 2. 1928. PL CXXIII, fig. e and PL CXXIV.
Bidens Cosmantha Griseb. Goett. Abhandl. 19: 137. 1874.
Caules altiores et graciliores, mono- vel paucicephali, foliis terna-
tisectis; segmentis supra basim argute serratis acutis, lateralibus
sessilibus duplo brevioribus ovatis, terminali oblongo-lanceolato basi
cuneato et secus petiolum decurrente, capitulis longe pedunculatis,
normaliter radiatis et pansis ad anthesin 6-7 cm. latis.
Type specimen: Collected by Paul Guenther Lorentz, No. 1526,
Sierra de Tucuman, La Cie"naga, Province of Tucuman, Argentina,
March 25-31, 1872 (Berl.).
Distribution: From central western Bolivia (La Paz) southward
to the provinces of Catamarca and Tucuman in northern Argentina.
Specimens examined : Otto Buchtien 813, alt. 3,750 meters, La Paz,
Bolivia, March 6, 1919 (Field; Gray; Hamb.); idem 8477, alt.
3,750 meters, La Paz, January 22, 1931 (Field); idem 8561, alt. 3,750
meters, La Paz, February 13, 1931 (Field); idem 8564, alt. 3,900
502 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
meters, La Paz, February 24, 1931 (Field) ; P. G. Lorentz 540 and
5406, Granadillas near Yacatula (near Bel£n), Prov. Catamarca, Argen-
tina, beginning of February, 1872 (Berl.); idem 1526 (type, Berl.).
Grisebach's type of B. andicola var.Cosmantha was P.O. Lorentz
1526, La Cie'naga, etc. Identical material was collected by Lorentz
under Nos. 540 and 5406 (Granadillas near Yacatula, etc.). These
Lorentz specimens are connected with B. andicola H.B.K. by too
many intermediate forms to permit their being regarded as specific-
ally distinct. They may best be considered as a variety of B. andi-
cola, more or less distinguished from the species proper by the tall,
slender habit, by the leaves more dissected (but less so than in var.
decomposita 0. Ktze.) and with outlines suggesting those of celery
(Apium graveolens L.), also by the (typically) larger flowering heads,
which when fully expanded reach a diameter of 6-7 cm.
Bidens andicola var. 7. Cosmantha f. 1. Buchtienii (Sherff),
comb. nov. PI. CI, figs. a-g.
Bidens Buchtienii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 150. 1923.
A var. capitulis discoideis vel interdum radiatis (radiis 4 vel 5
minimis rudimentariis atro-flavis) differt.
Type specimen : Collected by Otto Buchtien, No. 4304, at altitude
of 3,800 meters, La Paz, Bolivia, April 8, 1919 (Field, 2 sheets).
Distribution: Known only from type locality of La Paz and
vicinity, Bolivia.
Specimens examined: Miguel Bang 16 pro parte, alt. 3,000 meters,
La Paz, 1889 (Mun.); Otto Buchtien, alt. 3,670 meters, La Paz, April,
1913 (Brit.; Cop.; Del.; Hamb.; Mo.; N.Y.); idem 708, alt. 3,750
meters, eodem loco, February 27, 1907 (Field; N.Y.); idem 814, alt.
3,750 meters, eodem loco, March 6, 1919 (Field, 2 sheets; Gray, 2
sheets; Hamb.); idem 4303a and 6, alt. 3,800 meters, eodem loco,
March 23, 1919 (Field); idem 4304 (2 type sheets, Field); idem 8226,
alt. 3,600 meters, region of Tembladerani, La Paz, March 26, 1931
(Field) ; idem 8474, alt. 3,500 meters, lower half of San Jorge, La Paz,
December, 1930 (Field) ; idem 8475, alt. 3,800 meters, La Paz, Decem-
ber 19, 1930 (Field); idem 8476, alt. 3,800 meters, eodem loco,
January 17, 1931 (Field); idem 8548, alt. 3,800 meters, eodem loco,
February 24, 1931 (Field); idem 8549, alt. 3,800 meters, eodem loco
et tempore (Field) ; idem 8550, alt. 3,800 meters, eodem loco et tern-
pore (Field) ; idem 8551, alt. 3,800 meters, eodem loco, February 20,
1931 (Field) ; idem 8553, alt. 3,600 meters, eodem loco, February 18,
1931 (Field); idem 8621, alt. 3,750 meters, eodem loco, March 6, 1931
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLIV
BIDENS HILDEBRANDTII O. Hoffm.
OF THt
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 503
(Field) ; idem 8622, alt. 4,000 meters, eodem loco, March 15, 1931
(Field); idem 8624, alt. 3,850 meters, eodem loco et tempore (Field);
idem 8625, alt. 3,850 meters, eodem loco et tempore (Field); idem
8627, alt. 3,600 meters, eodem loco, March 26, 1931 (Field).
In 1916, Otto Buchtien, the eminent South American collector,
courteously undertook to secure for me as wide a range as possible of
specimens of Bidens from South America. His collections since then,
as well as his earlier collections, all mainly from Bolivia and Chile,
have been received and deposited in the Herbarium of Field Museum.
Not only do some of them throw great light upon heretofore difficult
points as to the variations of certain species, but two of them were
found to be apparently new to science. One of these was described
under the name B. pseudocosmos. The other was at first regarded as
representing a new species, B. Buchtienii. Studies of the more
recently collected specimens have shown indubitably that the B.
Buchtienii plants are merely a subligulate form of B. andicola var.
Cosmantha.1
Bidens andicola var. d. tarijensis Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
85: 14. 1928.
Folia plerumque indivisa, anguste vel late oblongo-linearia,
interdum 1-5-lobata vel 3-5-partita, segmentis linearibus.
Type specimen: Collected by Karl Fiebrig, No. 3460, Tarija,
Bolivia, March 9, 1904 (Berl.).
Distribution: Southern Bolivia.
Specimens examined: Fiebrig 3004a pro parte, Tarija, in 1904
(Berl.); idem 3460 (type, Berl.); idem 3461 pro parte, alt. 3,200
meters, Calderillo, March 22, 1904 (Berl.).
The specimens cited for the var. tarijensis (and its f. dissecta,
below) come from the little known territory in the extreme southern
part of Bolivia, close to the Argentine boundary. They are graceful,
mostly glabrous plants, growing up to a meter in height. They have a
habit more characteristic of B. triplinervia H.B.K. (with which they
were at first confused by me), but the heads are rather uniformly 8-
rayed, as in B. andicola. The variety proper is seen to be comparable
with the var. hirtella of B. triplinervia. In var. tarijensis, however,
1 Recently Buchtien has reported (in lit. March 27, 1932) that B. andicola
(meaning var. Cosmantha in particular) has rays often 4 cm. long, but usually 3 cm.,
and as short as 2 cm. only on very dry spots of ground. He reports further that the
Buchtienii forms are always radiate but with rays only 2-3 mm. long. He has
"never seen plants which form a transition from the one to the other." For
practical purposes of identification, it may be remarked that dried herbarium
specimens of f. Buchtienii often appear entirely discoid.
504 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
there is observed the very strong tendency to produce a form with
the leaves divided into 3-5 elongate-linear segments. This form
(f . dissecta) is very different in general habit from other known forms
of B. andicola with compound leaves.1
Bidens andicola var. 6. tarijensis f. 1. dissecta Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 85: 14. 1928.
E var. tarijensi ipsa omnibus foliis pinnatim divisis segmentis
elongatis tenuiterque linearibus differt.
Type specimen: Collected by KarlFiebrig, No. 3147, at altitude
of 2,200 meters, Tarija, Bolivia, March 13, 1904 (Berl.).
Distribution: Southern Bolivia.
Specimens examined: Fiebrig 3004a pro parte, Tarija, 1904
(Berl.); idem 3147 (type, Berl.); idem 3461 pro parte, alt. 3,200
meters, Calderillo, March 22, 1904 (Berl.).
Bidens andicola var. «. Mandonii Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
80: 380. 1925.
A specie differt: saepius annua, altior (usque ad 8 vel 10 dm.
alta), minus ramosa et magis attenuata; capitulis ad anthesin sub-
radiatis, minoribus, tantum circ. 5 mm. latis et 5-7 mm. altis, achae-
niis gracilioribus.
Type specimen: Collected by Gustave Mandon, No. 48, in
uncultivated places at altitude of 2,650-2,680 meters, San Pedro,
Bolivia, March, 1859 (Boiss.).
Distribution: Bolivia and northernmost Argentina.
Specimens examined: Otto Buchtien 9105, alt. 3,200 meters,
Unduavi, North Yungas, Bolivia, October, 1931 (Field) ; P. G. Lorentz
& G. Hieronymus, cattle ranches at foot of Nevado del Castillo,
Prov. Salta, Argentina, March 19, 1873 (Berl., 2 sheets); Mandon
44 pro parte, San Pedro, Bolivia, March, 1859 (Boiss.; Mus. V.);
idem 48 (type, Boiss.: cotypes, Brit.; Kew).
Mr. Gustave Beauverd, in 1919, had referred my type doubtfully
to a variety of B. pilosa L. The fruiting heads, however, are more
those of B. andicola. Mandon 44, collected at the same time and
place, offers several transitional forms that connect this variety
satisfactorily with typical B. andicola. In fact, the Boissier Herba-
1 We may note an instructive specimen, K. Fiebrig 3459, alt. 2,800 meters,
Tarija, Bolivia, March 22, 1904 (Berl.)- This was collected the same day as the
Calderillo plants (No. 3461), at a slightly different altitude in a nearby locality.
Its leaves are tripartite and more as in normal forms of B. andicola.
eld Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLV
I' a (
BIDENS MAGNIFOLIA Sherff
OF THt
flf HIlNCIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 505
rium specimen of Mandon 44 and one in the Natural History
Museum at Vienna are closer to the variety than to the species
proper.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CI, FIGS, a-g
Bidens andicola var. Cosmantha f. Buchtienii: a, fruiting branch,
X0.62; 6, exterior involucral bract, X2.48; c, interior involucral
bract, X2.48; d, palea, X2.48; e, disc floret, X4.96; / (outer), g
(inner), achenes, X2.48; all from type.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXIII
Bidens andicola, figs, a-d, h-p: a, flowering and fruiting branch,
X0.65; b, pair of leaves, X0.65; c, d, more compound leaves, X0.65;
h, lower surface of portion of leaf enlarged to show pubescence,
X2.62; i, exterior involucral bract, X3.27;;, interior involucral bract,
X3.27; k, portion of j, enlarged to show multiloculate hairs, X44.78;
I, ray floret, X2.62; ra, palea, X3.27; n, disc floret, X4.58; o (outer),
p (inner), achenes, X4.58; a, h-p, from Buchtien 732, in Hb. Field;
b, from Buchtien 4305 (matching type of Bidens fruticulosa Walp.),
ibid.; c, from type; d, fromBcmg 16, in Hb. Berl.
Bidens andicola var. decomposita, figs. /, g: cauline leaves, X0.65;
/, from Buchtien 377, in Hb. Field; g, from Buchtien, alt. 3,800
meters, La Paz, Bolivia, February, 1919, ibid.
Bidens andicola var. Cosmantha, fig. e: cauline leaf, X0.65; from
Buchtien 813, in Hb. Field.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXIV
Bidens andicola var. Cosmantha: a, flowering and subfruiting
specimen, X0.68; b, separate leaf, X0.68; c, exterior involucral bract,
X3.38; d, interior involucral bract, X3.38; e, ray corolla, Xl.35;
/, palea, X3.38; g, disc floret, X3.38; h, immature achenes, X4.05;
a, from type; b-h, from Lorentz 5406, in Hb. Berl.
149. Bidens microphylla Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 390.
1930. PL CXXV.
Coreopsis pulchella 0. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 38: 204, pi. 3. 1906; et
Engler, Pflanzenw. Afrikas 1, pt. 1: 155, pi. 124. 1910.
Herba prostrata, verisimiliter perennis, ramosa, ramis gracillimis
infra sparsissime supra valde pilosis foliosis, speciminibus visis
tantum 1-1.5 dm. longis, nodis majoribus radicantibus, internodiis
0.5-2.5 cm. longis. Folia minima, tenuiter petiolata petiolis basi
dilatatis parce pilosis 2-5 mm. longis petiolo adjecto tantum 8-10
mm. longa, lamina deltoidea membranacea subglabra tripartita
506 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
segmentis rhomboideo-ovatis iterum 2-5-fidis, laciniis acutis vel
apiculatis. Capitula solitaria ramos terminantia pedunculis tenuibus
± 1.5 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 1.2-1.6 cm. lata et
6-7 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae aequilongae (circ. 4 mm.), exteri-
ores 5-7 carnosulae glabrae spathulatae apicem versus rotundatae
et apice ipso minute mucronulatae, interiores late ellipticae mem-
branaceae puberulae. Flores ligulati circ. 5, aurei, ligula oblongi,
apice submucronulati, 7-8 mm. longi et 3-4 mm. lati. Disci florum
stigmata terminaliter angustata. Achaenia anguste obovoidea, obcom-
pressa, exalata, margine parce ciliata, apice obtuso vel truncate calva
vel bidenticulata, 2-2.5 mm. longa et ± 0.5 mm. lata.
Type specimen: Collected by Ellenbeck (Exped. Baron Von
Erlanger}, No. 1370, on rocks at altitude of 3,000 meters, at Abutkasin
in the Land of Arussi-Galla, Galla Highland, July 16, 1900 (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Galla Highland.
Specimens examined: Ellenbeck 1370 (type, Berl.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXV
Bidens microphylla: a, b, flowering branches, X0.62; c, view
from below of flattened involucre, X4.31; d, ray corolla, X4.93;
e, palea, X4.93; /, disc floret, X6.16; g, achene, X4.93; all from
type, but a and b drawn partly with aid of type plate.
150. Bidens triplinervia H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 182 (231).
1820. PI. CXXVI, figs, j, k.
Bidens affinis Klotzsch & Otto, Linnaea 15: 2. 1841; Literatur-
Bericht 83. 1841.
Bidens pedunculata Phil. Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile Bot. 1891: 49.
1891 (ex descript. et patr.); B. pedunculosa Phil, ex Ind. Kew
Suppl. 1: 56. 1906 (sphalm).
a. Folia plerumque indivisa.
6. Folia ovato-lanceolata B. triplinervia sensu stricto.
b. Folia linearia vel lineari-lanceolata var. /3. hirtella.
a. Folia plerumque 1-3-pinnata.
6. Folia normaliter tripartita saepius molliter pubescentia.
var. <5. mollis.
b. Folia variabiliter pinnato-quinquepartita, bipinnata vel etiam
tripinnata.
c. Segmenta ultima linearia 0.5-3 mm. lata.
d. Flores ligulati plerumque 5 vel 6.
var. 7. macranlha sensu stricto.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany. Vol. XVI, Plate CLVI
BIDENS PHALANGIPHYLLA Sherff (figs, a-h)
BIDENS ELLIOTII (S. L. Moore) Sherff (figs, t-p)
THE GENUS BIDENS 507
d. Flores ligulati circ. 8 var. 7. macrantha f . 1. octoradiata.
c. Segmenta ultima flagellaria plerumque circ. 0.3-0.6 mm. lata.
var. e. nematoidea.
Herba perennis, diffusa, gracilis, glabra vel sparsim pubescens;
caulibus saepe numerosis, simplicibus vel inferne ramosis, procum-
bentibus vel adscendentibus, angulatis, 1-3.5 (-7) dm. longis. Folia
petiolata petiolis 0.5-1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto plerumque 1.5-4
cm. longa, indivisa, ovato-lanceolata, serrata. Capitula terminalia,
solitaria, longe tenuiterque pedunculata pedunculo 0.3-1.5 dm. longo,
radiata, pansa ad anthesin 5-8 mm. alta et 1.5-2.5 cm. vel etiam
usque ad 6 cm. lata, cum fructu demum 7-10 mm. alta et 0.7-1.4 cm.
lata. Involucrum glabrum vel hispidum; bracteis exterioribus (5-9)
quam interioribus paulo brevioribus, linearibus, obtusis, 3-7 mm.
longis. Flores ligulati plerumque 5, flavi, ligula oblongo-elliptici,
apice tridenticulati, 1-3 cm. longi. Achaenia linearia, quadran-
gularia, nigrescentia, supra scabriuscula vel sparsim hispida, bi- vel
triaristata, corpore 6-9 mm. longa, aristis retrorsum barbatis, 0.7-2
mm. longis.
Type specimen : Collected by Alexander Humboldt and Aime Bon-
pland, at altitude of 2,106 meters, near San Agustin de Las Cuevas
and the City of Mexico, State of Mexico, Mexico, 1803-1804 (Par.).
Distribution : Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, and Ecua-
dor; very rare, being usually represented by one of its varieties.
Specimens examined: Ed. Andre 556, Facatativa, Colombia (Kew) ;
Anon, (communic. R. A. Philippi, February, 1888), Tarapaca, Chile
(Kew, sub nom. Bidente macropa Phil.); 0. F. Cook & G. B. Gilbert
703, alt. about 3,000 meters, Ollantaitambo, Peru, May 13, 1915
(U.S.; monstrosum); Rosalio G6mez 1074, alt. 1,950 meters, Santiago,
Dept. Zacatepe"quez, Guatemala, 1891 (Kew); Justin Goudot,
ditches, Fontibon, Prov. of Bogota, Colombia, February 20, 1844
(Par.); idem, Guadalupe, Bogota, Colombia, March, 1844 (Webb);
Hort. Argentorati, Strasburg, Alsace, August, 1841 (Herb. Schz.
Bip. in Par.); Hort. Berol, October, 1833 (Berl., 2 sheets); idem, 1840
(Berl.); idem, e seminibus mexicanis, August, 1840 (Berl.); idem,
September, 1840 (Berl.); Humboldt & Bonpland, alt. 2,106 meters,
etc. (type and cotype, Par.); E. P. Killip & Albert C. Smith 17405,
alt. 3,400-3,700 meters, Paramo de Vetas, Dept. Santander, Co-
lombia, January 16, 1927 (U.S.); iidem 18212, alt. 3,500-3,700
meters, Paramo de Las Puentes, above La Baja, Dept. Santander,
Colombia, January 25, 1927 (U.S.); E. W. Nelson 3656, alt. 3,300
meters, mountains near Hacienda Chaucol, Guatemala, January 2,
508 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
1896 (U.S.; forma foliis late ovatis);1 C. A. Purpus 5089 pro parte,
El Chico, Hidalgo, Mexico, September, 1905 (Calif.; cum var.
macrantha lecta) ; J. N. Rose & R. Hay 6039 pro parte, Mt. Popo-
catapetl, Mexico, August 7-8, 1901 (U.S.; forma foliis rotundato-
ovatis, cum var. macrantha lecta) ; C. J. W. Schiede, near Angangueo,
Michoacan, Mexico, October (Berl., 2 sheets) ; J. D. Smith 2375,
alt. 300 meters, San Luis, Dept. Escuintla, Guatemala, April, 1890
(Phila.); A. Stubel 54a, Cerro Colocachi, Prov. Imbabura, Ecuador,
November-December, 1870 (Berl.); idem 143 pro parte, alt. 3,700-
3,800 meters, Paramo de Pasca, Dept. Cundinamarca, Colombia,
June, 1868 (Berl., 2 sheets; cum var. macrantha commixt.; nom.
vulg., nacha); J. Triana 1375, alt. 2,700 meters, Prov. Bogota,
Colombia, 1851-1857 (Par.).
Bidens affinis Kl. & 0. was described from specimens raised
from seed sent by E. Otto. A number of good specimens are in
the older herbaria (Herb. Bernhardi in Mo.; Mus. V.; Par.; etc.).
Specimens obtained in August, 1841, at the Strasburg Botanical
Garden (Hort. Argent.) and elsewhere from seed sent from Berlin
(where Klotzsch was Keeper of the Royal Herbarium, fide Pritzel,
Thes. 165. 1872) are in the private herbarium of Schultz Bipontinus
(Par.). These were determined by him as B. triplinervia H.B.K.
O. E. Schulz (in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 143. 1911) likewise equates
B. affinis with 5. triplinervia. In 1914 I compared the B. affinis
specimens with the type and Bonpland duplicate of B. triplinervia
(Par.) and found them identical.2
Asa Gray (Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 429-430. 1887) suspected B.
triplinervia of being a form of B. heterophylla Ort.; i.e., of B. aurea
(Ait.) Sherff. The two species do actually resemble each other in
1 Here may be mentioned C. G. Pringle 7895, alt. 2,850 meters, Sierra de
Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico, September 14, 1899 (U.S.); idem 7908, alt. 3,000 meters,
eodem loco, October 6, 1899 (Gray); idem 8255, eodem loco, October 5, 1899 (Berl.;
Boiss.; Brit.; Can.; Cam.; Del.; Field; Gray; Kew; Mun.; Mus. V.; Par., 2 sheets;
Petrop.; Phila.; U.S., etc.). These are tall, robust forms, appearing at first as if
abnormal forms of Bidens serrulata. Most of the specimens have simple leaves
and these vary greatly in outline (from ovate-lanceolate to rotund) and hispidity
Cdensely hispid to glabrous). No. 7908 has the ovate, simple leaves very incisely
toothed with about 5-7 long teeth on each side, giving the same pectinate appear-
ance noted by Schultz Bipontinus in certain specimens of Mandon 50 from Bolivia.
In a number of cases, however, the foliage is fairly typical for B. triplinervia.
Whether the bizarre vegetative variations observed among these Pringle
plants from the upper slopes of Sierra de Pachuca are indicative of hybridization
with one or two neighboring species can only be surmised at this time.
2 The Berlin Herbarium contains the two sheets, already cited, of fine material
collected near Angangueo, Michoacan, Mexico, October, by Schiede, also several
garden specimens cultivated in 1833 at Berlin, doubtless from seed of the Schiede
specimens.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLVII
BIDENS INSECTA (S. L. Moore) Sherff
OF THt
OF ILLINOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 509
their simple-leaved states, but B. triplinervia's longer achenes are
very distinctive.
Bidens pedunculata Phil, was based upon Frederick Philippi 217,
Sibaya, Province of Tarapaca, Chile. I have not seen the type,
although the first above cited specimen, from Tarapaca, may be
from the original collection. Reiche (Fl. Chile 4: 102. 1905), who
without doubt has studied the type, equates B. pedunculata with B.
serrata Pav., but this latter has more slender leaves than called for by
Philippi's description ("foliis inferioribus .... ovato-lanceolatis")
and is better referred to var. hirtella.
Bidens triplinervia var. ft. hirtella (H.B.K.) Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 85: 13. 1928; cf. Bot. Gaz. 80: 383 and
pi. 21.1925. PI. CXXVII.
Bidens hirtella H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 182 (232). 1820.
Bidens procumbens H.B.K. loc. cit.
Bidens serrata Pav. ex DC. Prodr. 5: 597. 1836.
E specie foliis linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis differt.
Type specimen: Collected by Alexander Humboldt and Aime
Bonpland, probably at Quito, Ecuador, 1799-1803 (Par.).
Distribution: Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Specimens examined : Bro. Ariste-Joseph A42, Bogota, Colombia,
1916 (U.S.); M. T. Dawe 302, sabana or plain of Bogota, Colombia,
communic. 1916 (Kew); Humboldt & Bonpland, probably at Quito,
Ecuador, 1799-1803 (types of Bidens hirtella H.B.K. and B. pro-
cumbens H.B.K.; Par.); iidem, Quito, eodem tempore (Par.); Ruiz,
Pavon, and Dombey 977, Peru, 1788 (Del.; type of Bidens serrata
Pav. ex DC.); J. Triana 1374 pro parte (Par., cum var. macrantha
commixt.).
The type locality of B. hirtella H.B.K. and of B. procumbens
H.B.K. was not definitely known to Kunth. In the case of the
former, he surmised (H.B.K. loc. cit.) that the plant had grown with
B. triplinervia H.B.K., which was known to have been collected in
Mexico ("prope San Augustin de Las Cuevas et urbem Mexici").
In the case of the latter, he surmised that it had grown near Jalapa
("Xalapa"), Mexico. An extra sheet of original material matching
the type of B. hirtella and of the identical B. procumbens was in the
Bonpland Herbarium, which was given later to the Paris Herbarium.
This was clearly of the same collection as the two types mentioned.
It had been labeled (by Spach, fide L. Anfrayi coram me in mense
510 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Augusto anno 1914) B. procumbens, and had come from Quito,
Ecuador. Without doubt the types of B. hirtella and of B. pro-
cumbent, which had upon their labels no data as to locality
(except "Ame'rique Equatoriale"), came from the same locality,
Quito, Ecuador.
In a former paper (Bot. Gaz. 80: 383. 1925), I have treated B.
triplinervia as having two sets of forms with divided leaves (var.
mollis and var. macrantha), and one set with undivided leaves (the
species proper). From this last set may properly be segregated
the forms with slender leaves as var. hirtella. Kunth described the
leaves of this variety as lanceolate, but they are variously linear-
lanceolate, widely linear-oblong, or narrowly oblong-lanceolate.
The affinity with B. triplinervia is evidenced by the mostly 5-rayed
heads, which probably alone distinguish the variety from the corre-
sponding var. tarijensis of B. andicola H.B.K.
To var. hirtella must be referred B. serrata Pav. ex DC. The
type (No. 977 of the Ruiz, Pavon, and Dombey expedition, Peru, in
1788; cf. Lasegue, Mus. Bot. Deless. 244-247. 1845) is extant in the
DeCandolle Prodromus Herbarium (Del.). It lacks flowers, as
stated by DeCandolle, but has some leaves undivided and lanceolate
or narrowly oblong, others somewhat incised or lobed at the base.
Bidens triplinervia var. 7. macrantha (Wedd.) Sherff, Bot.
Gaz. 80: 383. 1925. PI. CXXVI, figs, a-i and l-v,
and PI. CXXVIII, figs. j-p.
Bidens Crithmifolia H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 183 (234). 1820.
Bidens Delphinifolia H.B.K. loc. cit.
Bidens humilis H.B.K. op. cit. 184 (234). (Non Sess<* & Moc.)
Bidens glaberrima DC. Prodr. 5: 601. 1836.
Bidens Artemisiaefolia Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3: 49. 1845.
Bidens consolidaefolia Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 24: 185. 1851;
Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 225. 1858.
Bidens humilis var. macrantha Weddell, Chlor. And. 1: 69. 1856.
Bidens humilis var. major Schz. Bip. Linnaea 34: 528. 1865-1866
(pro parte, ex num. 52 plantarum Mandonis; nomen subnudum).
Bidens pectinata Schz. Bip. loc. cit. (ex num. 50 plantarum Mandonis;
nomen subnudum).
Bidens decomposita Wall. var. hirsutior C. B. Clarke, Compos. Ind.
141. 1876.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLVIII
BIDENS ROBUSTIOR S. L. Moore
THE GENUS BIDENS 511
Bidens humilis var. tenuifolia Schz. Bip. ex Griseb. Symb. Fl. Arg.
198. 1879 (ex syn. B. humilis var. macrantha et num. 52 et pro
parte 46 plantarum Mandonis).
Bidens pilosa var. discodea Schz. Bip. em. 6. decomposita f. hirsutior
0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 322. 1891.
Bidens grandiflora Balb. var. humilis (H.B.K.) 0. Ktze. op. cit. 3,
pt. 2: 136. 1898 (ex syn. H.B.K.).
Bidens attenuata Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 61 : 495. 1916.
Folia (raro nonnulla tripartita foliolis lanceolatis ovato-lan^
ceolatisve, serratis vel pectinatim inciso-dentatis) variabiliter pin-
nato-quinquepartita, bipinnata vel etiam tripinnata, segmentis
ultimis linearibus 0.5-3 mm. latis; capitulis normaliter 5- vel 6-
radiatis.
Type specimen: Collected by William Jameson, No. 55, at altitude
of 3,900 meters, on rocks, flowering almost the entire year, Mount
Pichincha, Ecuador, January 21, 1856. l
Distribution: From northern Chile and central Argentina north-
ward along the Andes to Colombia, thence eastward into Venezuela;
also in Guatemala and widely scattered throughout southern Mexico,
reaching as far north as the states of Vera Cruz and San Luis Potosi;
established as a common weed in the Nilgeri (Nilgiri) Hills region of
southwestern British East India.
Specimens examined: Ed. Andre 3952, alt. 4,600 meters, Mt.
Chimborazo, Ecuador, July 7, 1876 (Gray) ; Virl. d'Aoust 447, 496,
and 605, "Province of San Luis," Mexico, 1851 (Par.); George Bar-
day 2290, wet loam, Puruchucos (Purrochuca), Peru, June, 1838
(Brit.) ; Barnes, Chamberlain, & Land 5 pro parte, along railway below
Las Vegas, Vera Cruz, Mexico, September 8, 1906 (Field, cum var.
molli lecta); R. H. Beddome 4510, alt. 2,250 meters, Ooty, India
(Brit.); idem 4511, a common weed, Nilgiri Hills, India, communic.
1885 (Brit.); A. G. & Lady Bourne 4594, hedges around Ootaca-
mund, Nilgiri Hills, India, June 8, 1904 (Kew); iidem 4594A, 4594B,
4594C, banks around Ootacamund, July 6, 1904 (Kew: A, foliis mul-
tum divisis et foliolis tenuibus;B, foliis 3-5-partitis; C, foliis nunc 3-5-
partitis nunc valdius decompositis) ; Otto Buchtien, alt. 3,200 meters,
Unduavi, Bolivia, February, 1914 (Field); C. B. Clarke 11207, a
common weed, alt. 2,250 meters, Ooty, Nilgiri Hills, India, March
1 The type herbarium is not cited. Good specimens of this number are in the
Delessert and Kew herbaria. Each of their several flowering heads has five rays.
A third specimen examined (Brit.) has one head 7-rayed but otherwise matches
precisely.
512 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
23, 1870 (Kew; type of Bidens decomposita var. hirsutior C. B.
Clarke); 0. F. Cook & G. B. Gilbert 409, alt. about 3,000 meters,
Ollantaitambo, Peru, April 27, 1915 (U.S.); Thomas Coulter 381,
Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico (Kew); J. P. Couthouy, Andes,
Ecuador, 1855 (Gray; Phila.); Ernie Cuming, State of Oaxaca,
Mexico, 1859 (Del., 2 sheets; Par., 2 sheets); idem 53, eodem loco et
tempore (Del. ; Par. ; forma olim pro specie B, attenuate, mihi habita) ;
Davis, Peru (Mus. V.); Dinelli, alt. 1800 meters, Distr. Monteros,
Prov. Tucuman, Argentina, May, 1906 (Brit.); S. Echegaray, Leon-
cito, Prov. San Juan, Argentina, January, 1876 (Berl.) ; Carl Ehr en-
berg 437 pro parte, Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico (Berl., 2 sheets) ;
K. Fiebrig 3474, on roads, among rocks, Tucumilla near Tarija,
Bolivia, January 15, 1904 (Berl.); Fraser, Ecuador (Del.); Funck &
Schlim 1152, alt. 2,850 meters, Sierra Nevada, Prov. MeYida (State
of Losandes), Venezuela, September, 1846 (Boiss.; Petrop.); C.
Galander, Quebrada de los Condoritos, Sierra Achala, Prov. Cordoba,
Argentina, March 26, 1881 (Berl.); idem, Casa de Piedra near Hues-
tita, Prov. San Luis, Argentina, March 11, 1882 (Berl.) ; H. Galeotti
2021, alt. 1,800-2,100 meters, fields, Cordillera, State of Oaxaca,
Mexico, January- April, 1840 (Del., atypica; Par.); idem 2067, alt.
2,700 meters, damp woods, eodem loco, September, 1840 (Kew);
idem 2169, alt. 2,700-3,000 meters, Mt. Orizaba, Mexico, 1840 (Del. ;
Kew) ; August Ghiesbreght, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, October, 1842
(Del.; Par.); idem 85, Chiapas, Mexico (Gray, 2 sheets; Par.; type
material of Bidens attenuata Sherff) ; idem 533, in the cold region,
mountains, Chiapas, etc., Mexico, August-October, 1864-1870
(Boiss.; Brit.; Gray; Mo. ; formae) ; idem 534, in pine forests, Chiapas,
etc., Mexico, October-November, 1864-1870 (Gray); R. Hauthal
223, alt. 3,500-4,000 meters, lower valley at Chuquiaguillo, to east
of La Paz, Bolivia, 1905-1906 (Berl.); idem 273, alt. 3,600-4,800
meters, La Paz, January, 1906 (Berl.); idem 333, alt. about 3,600
meters, eodem loco, 1906 (Berl.) ; idem 381, alt. 3,700 meters, Chuquia-
guillo near La Paz, Bolivia, February, 1906 (Berl.); G. Hieronymus,
vicinity of the Hill of Arjel, Sierra Achala, Prov. Cordoba, Argentina,
January 13-15, 1876 (Berl.); idem, Hill of the Sala Grande, Sierra
Achala, February 13, 1876 (Berl.); idem, slopes of the Hill of the
Potrerillos, Sierra Achala, February 1, 1877 (Berl.); idem 465, at
Las Ramadas (caves) near San Miguel, Sierra Achala, March 14,
1876 (Berl.; contra diarrhoeam vel dysentariam incolis accepta);
idem & G. Niederlein 762, near foot of hill above Vallecito, Sierra
Famatina, Prov. La Rioja, Argentina, January 16-20, 1879 (Berl.,
THE GENUS BIDENS 513
3 sheets); 7. F. Holton 368, Bogota, Colombia, November 6, 1852
(Kew); Humboldt & Bonpland, alt. 2,880 meters, at base of Mt.
Cotopaxi, near Mulalo, Ecuador, May, 1799-1803 (Par.; type of
Bidens humilis H.B.K.); iidem, near Quito, Ecuador, 1799-1803
(Par., 2 sheets; type and cotype of Bidens Crithmifolia H.B.K.);
iidem, Quito, Ecuador (Par., 2 sheets; type material of Bidens Del-
phinifolia H.B.K.); Alfredo John 23, alt. 3,000-3,200 meters, State
of Trujillo, Venezuela, October 2, 1910 (Berl.; U.S.); William Jame-
son, Ecuador (Mus. V.) ; idem 47, flowering the entire year, environs
of Quito, Ecuador (N.Y.); idem 55 (type material, Brit.; Del.; Kew);
idem 61, Andes, Quito (Brit.); idem 693, very common, environs of
Quito, 1848 (Boiss.; Brit.; Kew; Petrop.; type material of Bidens
consolidaefolia Turcz.); C. de Jelski 653, Callacate, Peru, May, 1879
(Berl.) ; 7. M. Johnston 5328, rocky ridge at upper edge of fertile belt,
Aguada de Miguel Diaz, Dept. Taltal, Prov. Antofagasta, Chile,
December 1-4, 1925 (Gray); idem 5442, common locally on cliffs
and talus, vicinity of spring, Aguada del Panul, Dept. Taltal, Prov.
Antofagasta, December 4, 1925 (Gray); W. Kalbreyer 714, alt.
3,150-3,300 meters, Sierra Pelada, Dept. Santander, Colombia,
August 30, 1878 (Berl.); E. P. Killip 6751, alt. 2,900-3,100 meters,
field near Anambiu, "Canaan," Mt. Purace", Dept. El Cauca, Colom-
bia, June 11-16, 1922 (Gray; Kew; N.Y.; forma foliis var. molli
adpropinquans) ; idem & A. C. Smith 18212, alt. 3,500-3,700 meters,
Paramo de los Puentes, above La Baja, Dept. Santander, Colombia,
January 25, 1927 (N.Y.); Otto Kuntze, alt. 3,000 meters, Bolivia,
April 13-21, 1892 (Berl.); idem, alt. 4,200 meters, vicinity of Ovuro
and Tapacari, Bolivia, 1892 (N.Y.; sub nom. Bidente grandiflora
var. humili) ; F. C. Lehmann 189, alt. 2,500-3,000 meters, near Calicali
and Quito, Ecuador, December 1, 1880 (Boiss.); idem 190, alt. 2,800-
3,000 meters, Calicali near Quito, eodem tempore (Berl.; Boiss.;
Gray; Kew) ; idem 442, alt. up to 3,600 meters, near Quito, November,
1880 (Boiss.; Mus. V.); Uebmann 93 (Hort. Hafn. 648), alt. 3,000
meters, Mt. Orizaba, Mexico (Gray) ; J. J. Linden 491, alt. 450-2,910
meters, foot of Mt. Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, August, 1838 (Del.,
2 sheets; Kew); idem 737, alt. 3,300 meters, Paramo de las Cruces,
Prov. Pamplona, Colombia, November, 1842 (Brit.; Del.; Mus. V.);
P. G.Lorentz 686, Ascochinga, Argentina (Berl.); idem & G. Hierony-
mus 147, Los Potreros, Argentina, March 24, 1873 (Berl.); J. F.
Macbride 3182 and 3183, alt. about 2,100 meters, steep, stony slopes,
Ambo, Peru, April 5, 1923 (Field); idem 3263, sunny, stony, grassy
hillsides, Mito, Peru, April 8-18, 1923 (Field) ; idem 3345 and 3347,
514 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
alt. 2,700 meters, grassy hillsides, eodem loco et tempore (Field);
idem 3467, 3469, 3470, and 3471, grassy slopes, alt. about 2,550
meters, Cani, northeast of Mito, Peru, April 16-26, 1923 (Field);
idem 3501 and 3502, alt. about 2,100 meters, loose-stony slopes,
Huanuco, Peru, April 26, 1923 (Field) ; idem 4363, alt. about 3,900
meters, sprawling on mossy, rocky, open uplands, Tambo de Vaca,
Peru, June 10-24, 1923 (Field); G. Mandon 45 (pro parte), alt.
3,200 meters, between Mt. Pocara and Habaya, Prov. Larecaja,
Bolivia, February, 1859 (Boiss.; Brit.; Del.; Kew; Par.; Mus. V., 2
sheets) ; idem 46 pro parte, alt. 2,800 meters, slopes of hills, unculti-
vated places, etc., Sorata, Bolivia, March, 1859 (Berl.; Brit.; Del.;
Gray; Mus. V., 2 sheets; Petrop., 3 sheets; cum var. molli, etc., lecta) ;
idem 50 pro parte, alt. 3,900 meters, near Ancouma, Bolivia, April,
1860 (ex herb. Schz. Bip. in Par., type ofBidens pectinata Schz. Bip.,
nom. subnudum: cotypes, Gray; N.Y.; Par.); idem 51, alt. 4,000
meters, in rocky places, Mt. Avichaca, near Achacache, Bolivia,
January, 1859 (Boiss.; Brit.; Del.); idem (similiter) 51, alt. 3,300
meters, on slopes of hills, near Choquecoa, Bolivia, February 5, 1859
(Boiss.; Del.; Gray; Kew; Mus. V.); idem 52 pro parte, alt. 2,650-
3,300 meters, along road to Lacatia, Bolivia, February-March, 1860
(Gray; N.Y.; cum var. molli lecta); idem (similiter) 52, alt. 2,800
meters, slopes of hills, Sorata, Bolivia, May, 1860 (Berl.; Brit.; Del.,
2 sheets; Gray; Mus. V.; N.Y.; type material of Bidens humilis var.
major Schz. Bip., nom. subnudum); W. R. Maxon 5359, alt. 3,025-
3,374 meters, rocky, open slope, upper belt and summit of Chiriqui
Volcano, Panama, March 12, 1911 (U.S.); John Miers 886, Achiras,
Argentina (Kew); Moritz 1401, Colombia, October-November (Berl.;
Boiss.; Kew; nomen incolarum, flor amarilla); Fred. Muller 218, Mt.
Orizaba, Mexico, August, 1853 (Mus. V.; N.Y.; Petrop.); E. W.
Nelson 1796, alt. 2,010-3,000 meters, near Reyes, Oaxaca, Mexico,
Oct. 20, 1894 (U.S.); W. H.Osgood & M. P. Anderson 88, Celendin,
Peru, May 2, 1912 (Field); Edward Palmer 158 p.p. and 1586is,
Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, September 28-October 3, 1902
(Calif.; Field); idem 1117, San Luis Potosi to Tampico, Mexico,
December, 1878-February, 1879 (Field; Phila., 2 sheets; U.S.);
ex herb. Pavonii e seminibus peruvianis et sine multo dubio culta
(Boiss., sub nom. Bidente magniflora} ; R. Pearce, alt. 3,600 meters,
Andes, Ecuador (Kew) ; F. W. Pennell 2142, alt. 2,600-2,700 meters,
field on plain, southwest of Las Cruces, Bogota, Colombia, Sep-
tember 24-25, 1917 (Mo.; N.Y.); idem 2405, alt. 2,800-2,900 meters,
bank, edge of woods above El Penon, southwest of Sibate, Dept.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLIX
B1DENS UGANDENSIS (S. L. Moore) Sherff
OF THt
OP IliiNOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 515
Cundinamarca, Colombia, October 13, 1917 (N.Y.); idem 13361 and
13361a, alt. 3,000-4,000 meters, rocky, clay slope over limestone,
Chuquibambilla, Dept. Puno, Peru, April 19-21, 1925 (BerL; Field);
idem 13881, alt. 3,800-3,900 meters, open, grassy paramo, Paso
de Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, Dept. Cuzco, Peru, May 3,
1925 (Field) ; K. Pflanz 107, alt. 4,000 meters, Palca, Dept. La Paz,
Bolivia, April, 1909 (BerL); idem 204, alt. 4,300 meters, eodem loco,
February, 1908 (BerL); idem 403, alt. 3,650 meters, eodem loco,
March 6, 1910 (BerL); H. Pittier 1337, alt. 2,500-3,000 meters, char-
acteristic of upper forest zone and of lower paramo, Las Escalere-
tas, Moras Valley, Rio Paez Basin, Tierra Adentro, Dept. Cauca,
Colombia, February, 1906 (Field; U.S.); idem 3087, alt. 3,000-3,374
meters, dry, sunny places, upper belt, northern slope of Chiriqui
Volcano, Panama, March 10-13, 1911 (Gray; M£.}',Eduard Poeppig
1376, open, herb-grown, mountainous places at Casapi, Peru, Sep-
tember, 1829 (Mus. V.); idem 1378, open, warm, mountainous places,
Casapi, eodem tempore (Mus. V.: Oxf.; type material of Bidens
Artemisiaefolia Poepp. & EndL); idem (similiter) 1378, Cochero,
Peru, 1829 (Mus. V.); P. Preuss 1417, alt. 2,000 meters, between
Perote, Vera Cruz, and Teziutlan, Puebla, Mexico, May 13, 1900
(BerL); G. H. Pring 97, Sabana de Bogota, Colombia, May, 1923
(Mo.) ; C. G. Pringle 4915, alt. 3,090 meters, Sierra de San Felipe,
Oaxaca, Mexico, September 26, 1894 (BerL; Boiss.; Brit.; Calif.;
Cam.; Del.; Gray; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V.; Par.; Phila.; U.V.);
idem 7924, alt. 3,000 meters, Sierra de Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico,
October 6, 1899 (BerL; Mo.); C. A. Purpus 1548 pro parte, rocky
soil above timber line, Mt. Ixtaccihuatl, Mexico, October, 1905
(Mo. ; cum var. molli lecta) ; idem 2637, moist, shaded soil, Alta Luz,
Puebla, Mexico, August, 1907 (BerL; Calif.); idem 4135, alt. 2,100-
2,400 meters, oak forests, Coxcatlan, Puebla, September, 1909
(Calif.); idem 5089 pro parte, El Chico, Hidalgo, Mexico, September,
1905 (Calif.; cum specie ipsa lecta); idem 5620, Esperanza, Puebla,
Mexico, September, 1911 (Calif.); Rivet 134, 147, and 156, Rio-
bamba, Ecuador, August, 1901 (Par.); idem 209, Quito, Ecuador,
October, 1902 (Par.); idem 373, Bella Vista, Ecuador, February,
1903 (Par.); idem 654, Ecuador, August, 1904 (Par.); idem 756,
Niarihuinia, Ecuador, December, 1904 (Par.); J. N. Rose & R. Hay
6039 pro parte, Mt. Popocatapetl, Mexico, August 7-8, 1901 (U.S.;
cum specie ipsa lecta) ; J. N. Rose & J. H. Painter 7949 pro parte,
Nevada de Toluca, State of Mexico, October 15, 1903 (U.S., cum
var. molli lectum); H. Ross 501, alt. about 1,200 meters, on arid
516 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
hills, Zapotlan, Jalisco, Mexico, August, 1906 (Mun.); H.H.Rusby
1685, alt. 3,000 meters, near La Paz, Bolivia, October, 1885 (Kew) ;
idem 2129, eodem loco, April, 1885 (N.Y.); Sattt, Villa Alta, Oaxaca,
Mexico (Brit.; Kew; forma quam olim pro Bidente attenuate, habui);
Osbert Salvin, alt. 3,000-3,450 meters, Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala,
November 17, 1873 (Kew); Scherzer, alt. 3,000-3,810 meters, fir
region near crater, Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala, August, 1854
(Mus. V.); Schiede, near Angangueo, Michoacan, Mexico, October
(Berl.); idem 342, summit of mountain, Mexico, August, 1830
(Berl., 2 sheets) ; L. Schlim 4066, alt. 2,700 meters, Prov. Pamplona
(North Santander), Colombia, January, 1846-1852 (Boiss.; Del., 2
sheets) ; Berthold Seemann 669, Loja, Ecuador, August, 1847 (Kew) ;
Eduard Seler 123, La Paz, Bolivia, June 23, 1910 (Berl.); idem &
Caecilie Seler 2376, alt. 3,000 meters, Totonicapam, Dept. Quezal-
tenango, Guatemala, September 25, 1896 (Berl.; N.Y.); iidem 3021,
alt. 3,000 meters, ridge of the Cordillera between Todos los Santos
and Chiantla, Dept. Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 11,
1896 (Berl.); W. C. Shannon 3691, alt. 3,720 meters, summit of
Volcan de Acatenango, Dept. Zacatepe"quez, Guatemala, August,
1892 (Field); C.L. Smith 300, alt. 3,000 meters, Sierra de San Felipe,
Oaxaca, Mexico, September, 1894 (Mo.; N.Y.); (H. H. Smith 1980,
formerly referred here, is seen to be var. nematoidea;) A. Sodiro
2313, Ecuador (Berl.); idem 4311, in sandy places, Andes (Berl.);
idem 4312, sandy places among Andes, Pomasqui, etc., Ecuador
(Berl.); R. Spruce 5048, Tunguragua, Ecuador, 1857-1859 (Boiss.;
Brit.; Del.; Kew, 2 sheets; Mus. V., 2 sheets); idem 5049, Andes,
Ecuador, 1857-1859 (Boiss.; Brit.; Del.; Kew, 2 sheets; Petrop.;
U.V.); idem 5894, common in fields, along walls, etc., through the
Cordillera of Quito, Ecuador, December, 1858 (Boiss.; Brit.; Del.;
Gray; Kew; Par.; Petrop.); R. J. Stordy, hills above Abancai, Peru
(Kew, 2 sheets); idem, alt. 3,280 meters, Valley of Anta, Cuzco,
Peru (Kew); A. Stiibel 12, alt. 3,600 meters, Paramo del Cerro Ungui,
Ecuador, March, 1870 (Berl., 2 sheets) ; idem 436 p.p., Tambo, Peru,
April-June, 1875 (Berl.); idem 536, Cerro Colacachi, Cuicacha,
Prov. Imbabura, Ecuador, November-December, 1870 (Berl.);
idem 676, alt. 4,000 meters, Cerro Imbabura, Ecuador, March, 1870
(Berl.); idem 102c, road to La Pena, Bogota, Colombia, April-May,
1868 (Berl.) ; idem 143 pro parte, alt. 2,100-2,300 meters, dry soil,
Loma de Canaballa and environs, Prov. Imbabura, Ecuador, Janu-
ary-February, 1871 (Berl.; nom. vulg., nacha); idem 254, sandy soil,
Riobamba and environs, Ecuador, 1872 (Berl., 2 sheets); idem 298a,
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLX
BIDENS CINEREA Sherff
OF THt
DIVERSITY DF
THE GENUS BIDENS 517
Pucara de Chisalo, Ecuador, January-March, 1874 (Berl.) ; idem 338a,
alt. 3,800 meters, Paramo de Sotara, Colombia, June, 1869 (Berl.);
Thomson, Nilgiri Hills, India, December, 1871 (Kew) ; C. H. T. Town-
send A213 and A214, alt. 2,400-2,850 meters, opposite Huancabamba,
Western Cordillera, Peru, Sept. 26, 1911 (Field) ; idem 1519, Oroya,
Peru, May 7, 1914 (U.S.); J. J. Triana 1369 p.p., alt. 2,600 meters,
Soacha, Prov. Bogota, Colombia, 1851-1857 (Par., 2 sheets); idem
1374 pro parte, alt. 2,700 meters, Suasco, Prov. Bogota, Colombia
(Brit.; Kew; Par.; cum var. hirtella lecta); idem 1375 pro parte,
Bogota, Colombia (Brit. ; cum specie ipsa lecta) ; Uhde 622, Mexico
(Berl.); U. S. S. Pacif. Expl. Exped. under Capt. Wilkes, Andes, Peru,
1838-1842 (Gray); Warburg 419, Nilgiri Hills, India (Berl.); War-
szewicz 38, Chimborazo Cordillera, Ecuador (Berl.); G. Watt 2160,
alt. up to 900 meters, Metapollium, Nilgiri Hills, India, June, 1876
(Kew); (Weberbauer 435, formerly placed here, is better considered
as f. octoradiata;}; idem 5613, alt. 2,400-2,500 meters, Dept.
Ayacucho, Prov. Huanta, Peru, June 1, 1910 (Berl.); idem 7617,
Mantaro Valley, near La Mejorada, Dept. Huancavelica, Prov.
Tayacaja, Peru, March 21, 1926 (Field); Edward Whymper, alt.
4,650-4,950 meters, south side of Mt. Chimborazo, Ecuador, January
4, 1880 (Brit.); idem, alt. 3,900-4,200 meters, north and northeast
sides, eodem loco, January 7, 1880 (Brit.); Von Winkler 214, Quito,
Ecuador (Petrop.).
As stated in an earlier paper (Bot. Gaz. 61: 500. 1916), the two
type specimens from which Kunth described B. Crithmifolia and B.
Delphinifolia are still extant in good condition (Par.). Both are from
Ecuador l and differ only in the slightly diverse foliage. The immature
type of B. Crithmifolia is matched exactly by J. J. Triana 1374 pro
parte (Par.), a specimen collected near Bogota, Colombia, which is
superior in showing not only flowering heads but also numerous
achenes. These achenes are mainly 2-aristate, but some are 3-aris-
tate and so agree perfectly with achenes of B. Delphinifolia.2 Fortu-
nately, I have found another specimen by Triana of the same number
in the British Museum of Natural History, and this shows the
slightly different foliage of B. Delphinifolia, for which it might well
be taken to represent a supplementary type.
1 Kunth (loc. cit.) expressed uncertainty as to the locality whence B. Del-
phinifolia had come, but Bonpland's duplicate specimen (Par.) has the original
label marked "XI Quito."
2 It is interesting to note that the mature head on the type of B. Delphinifolia
has at least one achene that is 2-aristate, showing no indication of a third awn's
ever having been present (cf. H.B.K. loc. cit., "triaristata").
518 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
There is great variation in foliage. Triana 1375 (Brit.) shows one
plant with leaves tripartite, the leaflets being incisely dentate, and
another plant with the simple, ovate-lanceolate leaves of B. tri-
plinervia proper. In fact, the sheet of Triana 1374 in Paris bears
another specimen (besides that cited above) which has similarly
simple, ovate-lanceolate leaves; and still another specimen of
Triana 1374 at Paris has the slender, undivided leaves of var.
hirtella. Evidently Triana did not differentiate in the field between
the two types of simple leaves or between these and the finely
divided ones.
In 1914, on comparing the simple-leaved spontaneous state
(Triana 1374 pro parte and 1375 pro parte, also Goudot, ditches,
Fontibon, February 20, 1844) with the mature B. affinis and imma-
ture B. triplinervia material, I was impressed with their similarity.
I searched, but in vain, for any authentic material of B. affinis mani-
festing the divided leaves so much more common than undivided
ones on B. Crithmifolia. Later, I was permitted, through the kindness
of Dr. Alex. Zahlbruckner to study the large set of Bidens specimens
in the Natural History Museum of Vienna and found three more
sheets of the original B. affinis material. These display numerous
gradations from the typical undivided, lanceolate leaves of B. affinis
to the bipinnate leaves characteristic of B. Crithmifolia. The
plants are a little larger, but this doubtless was due to cultivation.
The floral and achenial characters are identical. The plants with
decompound foliage (B. Crithmifolia, B. Delphinifolia, etc.) are,
therefore (cf. Bot. Gaz. 76: 156. 1923), not more than varietally
distinct from B. affinis Kl. & 0. and, hence, from its equivalent,
B. triplinervia H.B.K.
Because of the great rarity of the form with undivided, ovate-
lanceolate leaves (B. triplinervia proper) and the evolutionary
detachment from this simple-leaved form that the various forms with
divided leaves manifest to-day, it seems wisest to associate without
distinction all the cut-leaved forms, except vars. mollis and nema-
toidea, under the earliest varietal name, var. macrantha. Accordingly,
this has been done in the present treatment.
B. humilis H.B.K., the type of which also came from Ecuador,
is not varietally distinct from B. Crithmifolia and therefore reduces,
likewise, to var. macrantha (cf. Weddell, Chlor. And. 1: 69. 1855:
"Le B. Crithmifolia H.B.K. et le B. delphinifolia H.B.K. sont tres
voisins de cette espece B. humilis, dont ils ne sont meme peut-etre
que des formes a feuilles moins divise"es, et a lanieres plus allonge"es";
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXI
e f a c b
BIDENS CROCEA Welw. ex O. Hoffm. (figs, a-g); var. VERRUCIFERA S. L. Moore (fig. h)
of
THE GENUS BIDENS 519
also Jameson, Syn. PL Aequator. 2: 117. 1865: "a B. crithmifolia et B.
delphinifolia vix distincta videtur."). B. consolidaefolia, described
by Turczaninow from Jameson 693, collected at Quito, is a form
with finely divided, very pubescent leaves (cf. Turcz. Ann. Bot.
Syst. 5: 225. 1858: "Accedit ad definitionem B. humilis H.B.K. sed
ligulae duplo majores, achaenia minime scabra et forte laciniae folior.
angustiores.").
B. decomposita var. hirsutior was described by Clarke (cf. Bot.
Gaz. 61: 500. 1916) from a single specimen collected by him at an
altitude of over 2,200 meters, in the Nilgiri Mountains of British
East India. Later he informed J. D. Hooker (cf. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 310.
1881) that he supposed it to be some cultivated plant. Hooker
admits having seen no specimen of it, but it happens that Clarke's
original specimen ("11207. . . 23 March 1870 . . . coll. C. B. Clarke.") was
sent to Kew Herbarium in 1877 and is still there in good condition.
The plant is very different from Bidens decomposita Wall., but its
villous, finely divided leaves match fairly well Jameson 693, the type
collection of B. consolidaefolia Turcz. It matches also a number of
other South American specimens of B. triplinervia var. macrantha.
In the same region of India Dr. Watt collected material (Watt 2160)
that agrees with Clarke's specimen except that it is minutely pubes-
cent as to leaves and glabrous as to stems. Still more specimens
from this region occur (e.g., Thomson, Eclipse Exped., Nilgiri Hills,
December, 1871, determined on sheet as "Bidens humilis H.B.K.,"
in Kew; and R. H. Beddome 4511, "introd.? a common weed,"
Nilgiri Hills, in Brit.), some of them glabrous and some pubescent
but all indistinguishable from B. triplinervia var. macrantha. A
study of these specimens, all collected in the same region at about
the same time, and by two of the collectors suspected of being
introduced, shows beyond doubt that they were merely forms of B.
triplinervia var. macrantha carried, perhaps in ballast, from South
America to the southwest shores of British East India.1
At times, dwarfed, immature forms of B. andicola H.B.K. decep-
tively resemble the var. macrantha and thus frequently have been
confused with it in herbaria. B. serrulata (Poir.) Desf. (B. grandi-
flora Balb.) appears really distinct from var. macrantha, despite the
implication of Dr. Otto Kuntze's name B. grandiflora var. humilis
(cf. 0. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 139. 1911: "Sine dubio
pleraque specimina ab 0. Kuntze I.e. commemorata ad species
1 Cf. Fyson (Fl. Nilgiri and Pulney Hill-tops above 6500 feet 1: 237. 1915),
who, though omitting historical details, lists B. humilis from South America as an
introduction into the Nilgiri Hill region.
520 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
propinquas pertinent," a criticism justified also by Kuntze's incor-
rect association of Clarke's var. hirsutior with B. pilosa L. Kuntze's
combination derived, perhaps, from the fact that in certain localities
of Mexico (e.g., Mt. Orizaba and Sierra de Pachuca) a few plants of
var. macrantha (i.e., of B. humilis H.B.K.) are found with a more
robust growth habit, suggesting somewhat that of B. serrulata (Poir.)
Desf. (i.e., of B. grandiflora Balb.).
The several original specimens of B. Artemisiaefolia Poepp. &
Endl. still extant (Mus. V.; Berl.) are the form of var. macrantha
with tomentose pubescence and 2-3-pinnatifid leaves. They match
rather closely the original material of B. decomposita var. hirsutior
and B. consolidaefolia. They were collected by Poeppig, No. 1378,
in "Peruvia subandina. In montibus apertis calidis ad Cassapi.
Septbr. 1829."
Bidens triplinervia var. 7. macrantha f. 1. octoradiata Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 92: 203. 1931.
E var. macrantha capitulis regulariter 8-radiatis differt.
Type specimen: Collected by K. Pflanz, No. 406 pro parte, at
altitude of 3,550 meters, on schist slope, Chullo, Palca, La Paz,
Bolivia, March 13, 1910 (Berl.).
Distribution: Argentina to Guatemala.
Specimens examined: R. Hauthal 273, alt. 3,600-4,800 meters,
La Paz, Bolivia, January, 1906 (Berl.); F. L. Herrera 1828, alt.
3,500 meters, Hacienda Chum, Valle del Paucartambo, Peru, Febru-
ary, 1928 (Berl.); Pflanz 406 p.p. (type, Berl.); A. Mathews 571,
Peru, April (Gray); Eduard Seler, Sierra Chica, Prov. Cordoba,
Argentina, April 1, 1910 (Gray); idem & Caecilie Seler 3021, alt.
3,000 meters, Cordillera between Todos los Santos and Chiantla,
Guatemala, September 11, 1896 (Berl.); A. Stubel 436 p.p., Peru,
April- June, 1875 (Berl.); A. Weberbauer 435, alt. 3,700 meters, Peru,
February 24-25, 1902 (Berl.).
Bidens triplinervia var. 5. mollis (Poepp. & Endl.) Sherff, Bot.
Gaz. 80: 384, pi. 22, figs. a-i. 1925. PI. CXXVIII, figs. a-i.
Bidens mollis Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 3: 49. 1845.
Folia tripartita, saepius molliter pubescenti-villosa, saepe sub-
canescentia, foliolis serratis, lateralibus plerumque ovatis, abrupte in
basim sessilem contractis, terminali majore, oblongo-ovato vel
rhomboideo-ovato.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXII
b h
BIDENS FLABELLATA O. Hoffm.
OF
IP
THE GENUS BIDENS 521
Type specimen: Collected byEduard Poeppig, No. 1377, in open,
warm places, calcareous mountains at Casapi (sub- Andean region),
Peru, September, 1829 (Mus. V.).
Distribution: From Bolivia and Peru northward along the Andes
into Colombia; common in Guatemala; northwestward through the
eastern part of Mexico as far as the State of San Luis Potosi and
southwestern Chihuahua.
Specimens examined: Anon, (communic. H. Broughton-Leigh),
alt. 4,500 meters, Mt. Popocatapetl, Mexico (Kew) ; Barnes, Chamber-
lain, & Land 5 pro parte, along railroad below Las Vegas, Vera Cruz,
Mexico, September 8, 1906 (Field ; cum var. macrantha lecta) ; Gust.
Bernoulli 155, dry place, Calvario, Guatemala, November, 1865
(Berl.; Del.; Kew); /. W. Clokey 1854, bank of stream, Real del
Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico, October 1, 1910 (Mo.); Thomas Coulter
392, Mexico (Gray, 2 sheets; Kew; N.Y., forma plus minusve gla-
brata); C. Ehrenberg 437 pro parte, Mineral del Monte, Hidalgo,
Mexico, September-November (Berl.); idem 439, Regla, Hidalgo
(Berl.); Rosalia Gomez 1073, alt. 1,950 meters, Santiago, Dept.
Zacatepe'quez, Guatemala, 1891 (Gray; Kew); Heyde & Lux 4503,
alt. 1,650 meters, Embaulada, Dept. Zacatepe'quez, Guatemala,
December, 1889 (Field; Gray; Kew); E. W. D. & Mary M. Holway
575, Sorata, Bolivia, April 26, 1920 (Gray) ; Humboldt & Bonpland
3322, in forests (Berl.); W. A. Kellerman 4396, Volcan de Agua,
Dept. Zacatepe'quez, Guatemala, February 18, 1905 (U.S.) ; F. C.
Lehmann 357, alt. 2,000 meters, edges of woods and open forest
places, Tunguragua River, Ecuador, October 31, 1879 (Boiss.; Gray;
Kew); idem 433, alt. 2,000 meters, arid valley of Bafios on Tun-
guragua River, Ecuador, December 13, 1880 (Berl.: Boiss.; Gray);
idem 1608, abundant at 2,000 meters, damp places, San Marcos,
Guatemala, June 17, 1884 (Berl.; Boiss.; Gray; Kew; forma 6 dm.
alta, foliolis 3-5 cm. longis); idem 2835, alt. 2,600-3,000 meters,
above Pais Camba on the Sotora, Cauca, Colombia, May 6, 1883
(Berl. ; Boiss. ; Gray) ; idem 3511, alt. 2,650 meters, Cauca, Colombia,
February 1, 1884 (Brit.); idem 5977, alt. 2,500-2,800 meters, Alto
de Pesares, above Popayan, Colombia (Kew; N.Y.); Liebmann 645,
alt. 3,000 meters, Orizaba, Mexico (U.S.); G. Mandon 43, alt. 2,650-
3,200 meters, everywhere in dry places, rocky places, uncultivated
places, etc., Sorata, Bolivia, February-May, 1859 (Boiss.; Brit.;
Del.; Gray; Mus. V.; N.Y.); idem (similiter) 43, alt. 2,600-2,700
meters, hilly slopes, etc., Espada Munaypata, San Pedro, Bolivia,
March, 1859 (Del., 2 sheets); idem 46 pro parte, alt. 2,800 meters,
522 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
slopes of hills, uncultivated places, etc., Sorata, Bolivia, March,
1859 (Boiss.; cum var. macrantha lecta); A. Mathews, Prov. Chacha-
poyas, Peru, communic. 1846 (Del., 2 sheets; Kew; forma multis vel
omnibus achaeniis exaristatis) ; Edward Palmer 158 p.p., Alvarez, San
Luis Potosi, Mexico, September 28-October 3, 1902 (Calif.; Cam.;
Field) ; idem 358, southwestern Chihuahua, Mexico, August-Novem-
ber, 1885 (U.S.) ; idem 2062, Sierra Madre, Coahuila, Mexico, Febru-
ary-October, 1880 (Gray; Kew; forma); Poeppig 1377 (type, Mus.
V.) ; C. A. Purpus 1547, alt. 2,700-3,000 meters, open woods, Mt.
Ixtaccihuatl, Mexico, November, 1905 (U.S.); idem 1548 pro parte,
rocky soil above timber line, eodem loco, October, 1905 (Calif.;
Field ; Mo. ; cum var. macrantha lecta) ; J. N. Rose & J. H. Painter
6666, between Pachuca and Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico,
August 31, 1903 (U.S.); iidem 7949 pro parte, Nevada de Toluca,
State of Mexico, October 15, 1903 (U.S. ; cum var. macrantha lecta) ;
iidem & J. S. Rose 9184, between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo,
Mexico, August 5, 1905 (Gray; U.S. ; forma var. macranthae adpropin-
quans) ; Osbert Salvin, alt. 1,800 meters, Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala,
October 20, 1873-1874 (Kew); idem & Godman 74, Calderas, Guate-
mala, 1861 (Kew) ; R. Spruce 5047, foot of Mt. Tunguragua, Ecuador,
1857-1859 (Boiss. ; Brit. ; Cop. ; Del., 2 sheets; Kew, 2 sheets; Mus. V. ;
Par.; Petrop.); Thomson, Nilgiri Hills, India, December, 1871 (Kew;
forma valde glabra); H. Von Tuerckheim 1179, alt. 1,500 meters,
Santa Rosa, Dept. BajaVerapaz, Guatemala, April, 1887 (Gray; Kew).
The type of Bidens mollis Poepp. & Endl., Poeppig 1377, was
found growing with the type material of B. Artemisiaefolia (referred
above to B. triplinervia var. macrantha). Its achenes were immature
and the leaves tripartite. In pubescence, floral characters, and
general habit it was similar to the B. Artemisiaefolia specimens.
The peculiar outline of the leaf divisions, however, would seem at
first to suggest B. andicola more strongly. Spruce 5047 matches
the B. mollis type very closely. Spruce 5049 (Brit.) and 5894 (Gray)
match Spruce 5047 minutely except that they show the leaves finely
divided, as in B. Artemisiaefolia. These and other similar consid-
erations show beyond all doubt that B. mollis belongs to B. tripli-
nervia, is merely a foliage form, and, as such, should be accorded
no higher than varietal rank.
Bidens triplinervia var. e. nematoidea Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 88: 287. 1929.
A specie foliis numerosissimis et pinnatis vel bipinnatis, seg-
mentis capillaribus plerumque tantum circ. 0.3-0.6 mm. latis differt.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXIII
BIDENS BAUMII (O. Hoffm.) Sherff
Of
UNIVERSITY Of
THE GENUS BIDENS 523
Type specimen: Collected by H. L. Viereck, No. 5, Cerro Que-
mado, Santa Marta, Colombia, December 17, 1922 (U.S.).
Distribution: Known only from Province of Santa Marta,
Colombia.
Specimens examined : H. H. Smith 1980, rare on open lands, alt.
1,950-2,250 meters, San Lorenzo Ridge, January 26, 1899 (N.Y.);
H. L. Viereck 5 (type, U.S.).
In 1913 the Smith plant from Santa Marta was noted as a
singular foliage form and photographs (my photograph No. 341) were
distributed to several herbaria. Recently I have been sent the
Viereck plant, collected in the same locality and revealing similar
characters. On both specimens the segments of the very numerous
and pinnately or more often bipinnately parted leaves are strikingly
thread-like. Otherwise the plants are like those of the very common
var. macrantha (Wedd.) Sherff.1
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXVI
Bidens triplinervia, figs, j, k: j, small portion of plant, X0.57;
k, lower surface of portion of leaf in ;', X3.39; from J. Triana 1375
pro parte, in Hb. Brit.
Bidens triplinervia var. macrantha, figs, a-i, l-v: a, p, flowering and
fruiting branches (the strongly pubescent foliage of p left glabrous
in the sketch), X0.57; 6, exterior involucral bract, X4.52 (q, exterior
involucral bract, X2.83); c, interior involucral bract, X4.52 (r,
interior involucral bract, X2.83); d, ray corolla, X4.52 (s, ray floret,
X2.83); e, palea, X4.52 (t, palea, X2.83); /, disc floret, X4.52 (u,
disc floret, X2.83); g, achene, X3.39 (v, achene, X2.83); h, i, l-o,
various leaves, X0.57; a-/, from Bonpland's private cotype of
Bidens Delphinifolia H.B.K., in Hb. Par.; g, from Triana 1374, in
Hb. Brit. ; h, i, from Humboldt and Bonpland,, Quito, Ecuador (type
of Bidens Crithmifolia H.B.K.), in Hb. Par.; l-n, from Triana 1375
pro parte, in Hb. Brit.; o, from Dr. Thomson, Nilgiri, British East
India, December, 1871, in Hb. Kew; p-v, from C. B. Clarke 11207
(type of Bidens decomposita var. hirsutior C. B. Clarke), in Hb. Kew.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXVII
Bidens triplinervia var. hirtella: a, flowering branch, X0.68; 6,
exterior involucral bract, X8.12; c, interior involucral bract, X8.12;
d, ray corolla, X2.71; e, palea, X8.12;/, disc floret, X8.12; all from
type.
1 The capitula are 5-rayed; the mature achaenia (6-8 mm. long) are exaristate
(as sometimes happens in the var. macrantha too) and are somewhat surpassed
by the paleae. Smith reported the plants as growing erect and up to 18 inches high.
524 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXVIII
Bidens triplinervia var. macrantha, figs, j-p: j, cauline leaf (seen
from beneath, leaflets mostly flattened out but petiole left convolute,
its ciliation thus not showing), Xl.35; k, exterior involucral bract,
X4.05; I, interior involucral bract, X4.05; m, ray corolla, X2.03;
n, palea, X4.05; o, disc floret, X4.05; p, achene, X4.05; all from
Ghiesbreght 85 pro parte, Chiapas, Mexico (type of Bidens attenuata
Sherff).
Bidens triplinervia var. mollis, figs, a-4: a, b, branches with leaves
and flowers, X0.68; c, portion of leaf, enlarged to show pubescence,
X2.7; d, exterior involucral bract, X4.05; e, interior involucral bract,
X4.05;/, ray corolla, X2.03; g, palea, X4.05; h, disc floret, X4.05; i,
achene, X4.05; a, 6, from Spruce 5047, in Hb. Mus. V. ; c-h, from type;
i, from Spruce 5047, in Hb. Kew.
151. Bidens acrifolia Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 94: 591. 1933.
Herba forsitan perennis, plus minusve glabrata, caulibus vel
ramis gracilibus. Folia petiolata petiolis usque ad circ. 1 cm. longis,
petiolo adjecto principalia saltern 3-4 cm. longa, bipinnatisecta seg-
mentis linearibus firmulis terminaliter subsensim ad apicem acer-
rimum angustatis, 1-3 mm. latis; summa simplicia lineariaque vel
unipinnata. Capitula solitaria tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis ± 5
cm. longis ramum terminantibus, radiata, pansa ad anthesin ± 2.5
cm. lata et ± 8 mm. alta. Involucri plus minusve hispiduli bracteae
exteriores circ. 12, lineares, acutae, 5-7 mm. longae, quam interiores
ovato-oblongae paulo longiores. Flores ligulati ± 6, flavi, ligula
elliptico-oblongi, circ. 1-1.4 cm. longi. Achaenia matura deficientia.
Ovaria minima, plana, biaristata aristis tenuibus calvisque.
Type: Collected by M. P. Dehesa, No. 1532, at altitude of 1,600
meters, Mala Noche, Concordia, State of Sinaloa, Mexico, Septem-
ber (Kew).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in State of Sinaloa,
Mexico.
Specimens examined: Dehesa 1532 (type, Kew; nom. vulg., pal-
mi ta; unico rarrio viso).
The general habit, so far as can be inferred from the single
branch examined, is somewhat similar to that of Bidens Geraniifolia
and B. triplinervia var. macrantha. The foliar segments are especially
acute, however, and the unbarbed achenial aristae should render
distinction easy.
'ield Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXIV
a f h
BIDENS MOOREI Sherff (figs, a-g); var. VERRUCOSA Sherff (figs, h, i)
Of
THE GENUS BIDENS 525
152. Bidens insolita Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 97: 607. 1936.
Verisimiliter perennis suberectaque; caulibus gracilibus, angu-
latis, glabratis, non nisi ad summam ramosis, ± 4 dm. altis. Folia
petiolata petiolis planis convexo-concavisve sparsim setoso-ciliatis
sub 2 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto usque ad 1 dm. longa, bipinnati-
secta; foliolis plerumque 5, saepe (segmentis linearibus apicaliter
acerrimis membranaceis glaberrimis antrorsum spectantibus) sub-
flabelliformibus. Capitula (4-8) subcorymbose disposita pedicellis
tenuibus usque ad 8 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ.
3-3.5 cm. lata et 8-10 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores
plerumque 8, lineares, extus glabratae, marginibus albido-ciliatae,
apice induratae et saepe acres, 4-5 mm. longae, quam interiores
ovato-oblongae apice pubescenti saepe abrupte angustatae breviores.
Flores ligulati plerumque 5, flavi, ligula late oblongi vel obovati,
apice subtruncato denticulati, circ. 2 cm. longi. Paleae lineares,
superne angustatae, inferne interdum 1-3-dentatae dentibus erectis,
5-6 mm. longae. Flores tubulosi tenuissimi, corolla tubo brevi
(circ. 1.5 mm.) adjecto demum circ. 5.5-6 mm. longa. Achaenia
cuneato-linearia, subplana, brunneo-atra, utraque facie 4-sulcata,
superne sparsim erecto-setulosa, corpore circ. 5-5.5 mm. longa et
supra circ. 1 mm. lata, apice biaristata aristis flavidis retrorsum
hamosis 2-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Howard Scott Gentry, No. 1971, in
meadow, Quicorichi, Rio Mayo, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, Octo-
ber 7, 1935 (Field).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in the State of
Chihuahua, Mexico.
Specimens examined : Gentry 1971 (type, Field).
153. Bidens canescens Bertol. Fl. Guat. (Nov. Comm. Act. Sc.
Bonon. 4:) 431. 1840. PI. LXXXVIII, figs. l-s.
Herba, verisimiliter perennis, humilis, adscendenti-erecta, circ.
2-4 dm. alta; caule tetragono, inferne glabro, superne albido-pubes-
centi. Folia petiolata petiolis circ. 0.5-1 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto
1.5-4 cm. longa, bipinnatisecta, circumambitu triangulata, trijuga,
omnino dense albido-pubescentia, foliolis inferioribus cuneato-
petiolulatis, foliolorum segmentis saepius late lineari-oblongis.
Capitula solitaria, ramos superne foliis minimis bracteatos terminan-
tia, radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 2.5-3 cm. lata et circ. 7-9 mm.
alta. Involucri dense albido-pubescentis bracteae subaequales,
exteriores circ. 8-10, lineari-oblongae, 4-7 mm. longae; interiores
526 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
lanceolatae. Flores ligulati circ. 8-10, flavi (vel exsiccati subalbidi),
ligula anguste ovato-oblongi, apice plus minusve denticulati, circ.
1-1.4 cm. longi. Achaenia biaristata, aristis retrorsum hamosis.
Type specimen : Collected by Joachim (Don Joachin fide Hemsley,
Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 4: 126. 1886) Velasquez on Volcan de Agua,
Guatemala (Herb. Bertolonii, pro parte verisimiliter adhuc ad Zolam
Pedrosam prope urbem tuscanam Bononiam in Italia).
Distribution: Guatemala on Volcan de Agua and very rare north-
ward into State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Specimens examined: Virl. d'Aoust 404, State of San Luis Po-
tosi, Mexico, 1851 (Par.) ; Maxon & Hay 3690, alt. 3150-3,300 meters,
Volcan de Agua, Guatemala, March 22, 1905 (U.S.); Salvin & God-
man, summit of Volcan de Agua, 1861 (Kew) ; Wawra 326, region of
Mexico (Mus. V.).
Dr. S. F. Blake examined Bertoloni's type which he found (July
21, 1925) in the Bertoloni Herbarium at Zola Pedrosa, near Bologna,
Italy.1 He states (in lit.) that he is satisfied that my determination
of Maxon & Hay 3690 as B. canescens Bertol. is correct. Bertoloni's
description was so full and detailed that the topotypes collected by
Maxon and Hay, and by Salvin and Godman, could anyway be
identified with his species without the slightest room for doubt.
Authentic specimens with mature achenes are much to be desired,
that the relationship of this species with its closest ally, Bidens
andicola var. decomposita 0. Ktze., may be investigated more
extendedly.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXVIII, FIGS. l-S
Bidens canescens: I, flowering branch, X0.57; m, small portion
of same, enlarged to show pubescence, Xl.7; n, exterior involucral
bract, X3.41; o, interior involucral bract, X3.41; p, ray floret, X3.41;
q, palea, X3.41; r, disc floret X3.41; s, upper portion of pistil, X 11.36;
all from Maxon and Hay 3690, in Hb. U. S.
154. Bidens serrulata (Poir.) Desf. Tabl. Ecol. Bot. ed. 2: 130.
1815; Cat. Hort. Par. ed. 3: 186. 1829. PI. CXXIX.
Coreopsis serrulata Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 352. 1811.
Bidens grandiflora Balb. Cat. Hort. Taur. 19. 1812.
Bidens grandiflora Pers. ex Balb. op. cit. 18. 1813.
1 The Bertoloni specimens of Bidens, etc., representing the Flora Italica are at
the University of Bologna, but the North and Central American specimens are
apparently still at Zola Pedrosa, or at least somewhere in the custody of Bertoloni's
heirs. Cf. footnote under synonymy of Bidens mitis.
THE GENUS BIDENS 527
Coreopsis diversi/olia Jacq. Eclog. PI. 1: 80, pi. 54- 1811-1816.
Bidens quinqueradiata Zea fide Jacq. loc. cit.
Cosmea lutea Sims in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 41: pi. 1689. 1815.
Kerneria serrulata (Poir.) Cass. Diet. Sci. Nat. 51: 474. 1827.
Bidens diversifolia Hort. ex DC. Prodr. 5: 602. 1836; non Willd. ex
DC. loc. cit.
Bidens serratulata Desf. ex DC. loc. cit.
Cosmos luteus (Sims) Gomez, Anal. Hist. Nat. Madr. 19: 275. 1890.
Bid-ens grandiflora var. diversifolia (Jacq.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 3,
pt. 2:136. 1898.
Bidens grandiflora var. serrulata (Poir.) 0. Ktze. loc. cit. ex synon.
sed exclud. plantam Boliviae.1
Herba annua, erecta vel interdum adscendens; caule tereti vel ad
basim quadrangulato, debili validove, plerumque glaberrimo (raris-
sime strigoso), purpurascenti, glaucescenti, 3-8 dm. alto. Folia
glabra vel rariter sparsim hispida, petiolata petiolis 0.5-3 cm. longis,
petiolo adjecto 0.3-1 dm. longa, variabilia; nunc 2-3-pinnata, seg-
mentis linearibus vel lanceolatis, integris, acutis, indurato-apiculatis,
crasso-marginatis, parce ciliatis; nunc pinnatim 3-5- (9-) partita,
foliolis lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, acutis vel acuminatis,
serratis vel inciso-dentatis, parce ciliatis, dentibus indurato-apicu-
latis. Capitula radiata, pansa ad anthesin 3-6 cm. lata et 9-13 mm.
alta, pedunculata pedunculis 0.4-1.5 (-2) dm. longis. Involucri
basis hispida; bracteis exterioribus 7-10, late linearibus, glabris, 6-9
mm. longis, plerumque patentibus vel reflexis; interioribus lineari-
lanceolatis, extrinsecus hispidissimis, 7-11 mm. longis. Flores
ligulati 4-7, plerumque 5, aurei, ligula ovati vel obovato-lanceolati,
apice subintegri vel denticulati, 1.5-3 cm. longi; tubulosi aurantiaci.
Achaenia plantarum normalium capitulorum numerosa (40-60), di-
morpha; interiora tenuiter linearia, saepe apicem versus attenuata,
tetragona, biaristata aristis aurantiaco-flavidulis et retrorsum
hamosis, corpore nigra (vel ad apicem flavida), tuberculato-strigosa
(praecipue supra), 7-16 mm. longa; marginalia clavata, cuneato-
linearia, tetragona, glabrata, exaristata, rufo-badia, 4-5 mm. longa.
Type specimen: No particular type cited by Poiret, but several
authentic original specimens are extant (Par.; vide infra).
Distribution: From State of Zacatecas southeastward to states of
Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico; not common, however, outside of the
State of Mexico.
1 Kuntze's specimen (ipse legit) came from 2,100 meters alt., Santa Rosa,
Bolivia, April 1, 1892. It is still extant (N.Y.) and is true Bidens andicola H.B.K.
528 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Specimens examined: Alamdn, Mexico, 1825 (Del.); Berlandier
1198, Valley of Mexico, State of Mexico, October, 1827 (Brit.; Del.,
3 sheets) ; E. Bourgeau 954, borders of fields near San Nicolas, State
of Mexico, September 27, 1865 (Berl.; Boiss.; Cop.; Gray; Kew;
Mun. ; Par., 5 sheets; Petrop., 2 sheets; U.S.) ; idem 956, eodem loco et
tempore (Berl. ; Boiss; Cop. ; Del. ; Gray; Kew, 2 sheets; Par., 5 sheets) ;
idem 1079, borders of corn fields, on mountain above San Nicolas,
October 26, 1865 (Kew; Par., 4 sheets); Carl Ehrenberg 438, between
Mineral del Monte and Huajalote, Hidalgo (Berl., 2 sheets); G. J.
Graham 49, Mexico (Kew); Ludwig Hahn 280, Tlalpam, State of
Mexico, 1865 (Par.) ; idem 1079, San Nicolas, State of Mexico, October
26, 1865-1866 (Kew; Petrop.; Webb); cult, in Hort. Basil, July,
1838 (N.Y.); cult, in Hort. Par., August 5, 1813 (Par.), August, 1823
(Berl., ex herb. Kunthii), etc.; E. W. Nelson 1412, alt. 2,250-2,850
meters, southwest of Oaxaca, State of Oaxaca, September 10-20,
1894 (U.S.); idem 1561, alt. 1,950-2,340 meters, Valley of Oaxaca,
State of Oaxaca, October 3, 1894 (U.S. ; forma plus gracilis) ; C. R.
Orcutt 4271, Churubusco, State of Mexico, October 4, 1910 (Field) ;
C. G. Pringle 3661, Flor de Maria, State of Mexico, October 18, 1890
(Gray) ; idem 4313, Sierra de las Cruces, State of Mexico, October 23,
1892 (Berl., 2 sheets; Boiss.; Brit.; Del., 2 sheets; Field; Kew; Mo.;
Mun.; Mus. V.; Par.; Phila.; U.V., etc.); idem 11488, alt. 2,850
meters, Tres Marias Mts., Morelos, November 7, 1903 (Berl.; Field;
Kew); C. A. Purpus, Mt. Ixtaccihuatl, 1903 (Calif.); idem 1545,
fields, Pachuca, Hidalgo, September, 1905 (Calif.; Field; Mo.); idem
1546, fields, Salto de Agua, southern Mexico, October, 1905 (Field;
Mo.); J. N. Rose & J. H. Painter 7844, near Tultenango, State of
Mexico, October 13, 1903 (U.S.); Schaffner 252, Valley of Mexico,
State of Mexico (Kew); C. J. W. Schiede, Angangueo, Michoacan,
November, 1829 (Ber\.);idem, near Angangueo, October, 1830 (Berl.,
2 sheets); idem, cold region, Mexico, October, 1835 (Berl.); Alb.
Schmitz 394, mountains near City of Mexico, State of Mexico, 1856
(Brit. ; Mus. V., 2 sheets) ; Eduard & Caecilie Seler 560, near Zacatecas,
State of Zacatecas, November, 1887 (Berl.); iidem 1303, Villa Lerma,
State of Mexico, October 14, 1895 (Berl.; Gray; Kew); C.L. Smith
299, alt. 2,100-2,400 meters, Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca, 1894
(Mo.; U.S.); L. C. Smith 224, alt. 2,100 meters, mountains, Las
Sedas, Oaxaca, October 8, 1894 (Gray); Ralph Tate, Mexico (Kew);
Uhde 445, 625, 631, and 633, Mexico (Berl.).
In most herbarium determinations of this species (cf. Bot. Gaz.
85: 11. 1928), I have employed the widely accepted name Bidens
THE GENUS BIDENS 529
grandiflora Balb., a name going back to 1812. The trivial name
serrulata was employed by Poiret one year earlier, and must be taken
up. Certain authentic specimens of Poiret's species are extant at
Paris, where this plant once was cultivated for at least several years.
One of them ("Du Jardin des Plantes de Paris. 5 Aout 1813") was
photographed by me. They are specifically the same as the plants
cultivated by the younger Jacquin in 1810 from seed sent from Paris
(Mus. Hist. Nat., located in the Jardin des Plantes), under the name
Bidens quinqueradiata Zea and named by Jacquin, Coreopsis diversi-
folia. They are matched specifically also by the type illustration
of Cosmea lutea Sims.1
The cultivated specimens found in herbaria are mostly lower,
more delicate, and less erect, giving an illusory appearance of dis-
similarity to the spontaneous form. Poiret's description was based
upon one of Desfontaines' specimens. Like many of the descriptions
written in those days, it was inadequately drawn. The fruit characters
were omitted. We read that the plant described is small, with
petioles and lower part of stem pilose, also with ovate leaves. These
last were not described as compound.
DeCandolle (loc. cit.), evidently relying solely upon Poiret's
description,2 maintained B. grandiflora apart from B. serrulata (Poir.)
Desf . The Index Kewensis (1 : 617. 1895), however, equates Coreopsis
serrulata Poir. and Bidens grandiflora Balb. Furthermore, we are
bound to consider the very careful and extended description of the
Poiret species drawn up by Cassini (loc. cit.) when publishing the
new combination Kerneria serrulata. Cassini had been in Paris, at
the center of Desfontaines' and Poiret's activities. He amplified his
description from living material growing in the Royal Garden of
Paris, where Desfontaines had worked. His description fitted very
well the average plants of B. grandiflora Balb.
Upon the grounds of priority the name B. serrulata takes pre-
cedence, going back to some time in the year 1811 prior to November
29,3 while B. grandiflora was not published until 1812. The exact
date for Coreopsis diversifolia Jacq. I do not know. The page num-
ber and plate number would seem clearly to indicate a date later
than 1811. At all events, the existence of a B. diversifolia Willd.
1 A species native to Mexico, cultivated from seeds obtained from the Madrid
Botanical Garden; drawing made in 1812. Stem purplish at base in illustration.
2 "Ab hac (B. grandiflora Balb.) ex descr. videtur diversa Coreopsis serrulata
Poir. suppl. 3 [sic] p. 352 etiamsi a cl. Desf. admissa."
3 Fide Bibl. Franc. 83. Nov. 29, 1811: cf. Journ. Bot. 44: 319. 1906.
530 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
(ex DC. loc. cit. No. 55) might well preclude the acceptance of the
combination B. diversifolia (Jacq.) Hort. ex DC. (loc. cit. No. 59).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXIX
Bidens serrulata: a, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.68; b, c,
d, various cauline leaves, X0.68; e, exterior involucral bract, X2.72;
/, interior involucral bract, X2.72; g, ray floret, X2.72; h, palea,
X2.72; i, disc floret, X2.72;j (outer), k (inner) achenes, X2.72; a, b,
e-k, from Pringle 11488, in Hb. Field; c, d, from Pringle 4313, in Hb.
Field.
155. Bidens Geraniifolia Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.
6: 76. 1914. PI. CXXX, figs. j-o.
Herba, probabiliter perennis et 5-9 dm. alta; caulibus tenuibus,
ramosis, glabris. Folia petiolata petiolis ciliatis 1-2.5 cm. longis,
petiolo adjecto 6-9 cm. longa, bipinnatisecta; segmentis late lineari-
bus vel elliptico-linearibus, membranaceis, acriter apiculatis, parce
ciliatis, 2-4 vel etiam -5.5 mm. latis. Capitula solitaria, longe
tenuiterque pedunculata pedunculis ±1.5 dm. longis, radiata, pansa
ad anthesin 3-4.5 cm. lata et 7-10 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae
subaequales; exteriores 10-14, glabrae, lineares, inferne sensim
angustatae, apice subacute mucronulatae, 7-10 mm. longae et
0.9-1.2 mm. latae; interiores lanceolatae, glabratae. Flores ligulati
7-10, sicci albido-flavidi, ligula oblanceolati, apice 3-denticulati,
1.4-1.8 cm. longi. Achaenia juniora plana, biaristata aristis retror-
sum hamosis.
Type specimen: Collected by Carl Albert Purpus, No. 6679, in
the high region of Cerro del Boqueron, State of Chiapas, Mexico,
September, 1913 (Calif.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality, Cerro del Boqueron,
State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Specimens examined: Purpus 6679 (type, Calif.: cotypes, Brit.;
Field; Mo.).1
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXX, FIGS, j-o
Bidens Geraniifolia: j, flowering branch, X0.62; k, exterior in-
volucral bract, X3.1; I, interior involucral bract, X3.1; m, ray corolla,
X3.1; n, palea, X3.1; o, disc floret, X3.1; all from cotype, in Hb.
Field.
1 Bidens triplinervia var. macrantha (Wedd.) Sherff also occurs in the State of
Chiapas and at times (e.g., Ghiesbreght 533, Hb. Gray) produces leaves deceivingly
like those of B. Geraniifolia. It is possible that in earlier herbarium determinations
I may have referred plants of that variety erroneously to B. Geraniifolia.
THE GENUS BIDENS 531
156. Bidens chiapensis Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.
6: 76. 1914. PI. CXXX, figs. a-i.
Glabra, verisimiliter perennis; caule subtereti vel parce tetragono,
purpureo-subnigro, forsan 1 m. alto (et forsan scandenti), internodiis
longis quam foliis saepe multo longioribus. Folia petiolata petiolis
tenuibus 1-3 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-8 cm. longa, tripartita
(vel summa indivisa); foliolis membranaceis, ovato-acuminatis vel
interdum lanceolato-acuminatis, minute ciliatis, subtus multo palli-
dioribus. Capitula perpauca, saepius 1-3 in unico ramo (an caule?),
pedunculata pedunculis caules ramosve terminantibus et 0.4-1.6
(-2.4) dm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin ±2.5 cm. lata et ±1.2
cm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores numerosae 12-20, lineares,
apice acutae, ciliatae, 0.8-1.3 cm. longae, quam interiores oblongo-
lanceolatae paulo longiores. Flores ligulati circ. 8, flavi vel albido-
flavi, anguste elliptici, apice dentati, disco paulo longiores. Achaenia
linearia, glabra, acute tetragona, supra demum attenuata, nigra,
biaristata (rarissime quadriaristata) aristis retrorsum hamosis 2-4
mm. longis, corpore circ. 9 mm. longa.
Type specimen: Collected by Carl Albert Purpus, No. 6945, at
high altitude of the Cerro del Boqueron, State of Chiapas, Mexico,
October, 1913 (Calif.).
Distribution: State of Chiapas to State of Michoacan, southern
Mexico.
Specimens examined : Ghiesbreght 551, "Chiapas, etc.," 1864-1870
(Boiss.; Brit.; Kew; Mo.); C. A. Purpus 6668, Chiapas, 1913 (Field);
idem 6945 (cotypes, Brit. ; Field) ; Schiede, near Angangueo, Michoa-
can, October, 1830 (Berl.) ; L. C. Smith 857, alt. 2,250 meters, in
mountains, Telixtlahuaca, Oaxaca, October 18, 1895 (Gray).
The plant of Ghiesbreght (No. 551) was referred erroneously by
Asa Gray (Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 16. 1883) to Bidens Dondiaefolia
Less. It matches the type of B. chiapensis very precisely. A dis-
tinguishing character of the species is the large number (12-20) of
narrowly linear exterior involucral bracts.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXX, FIGS, a-i
Bidens chiapensis: a, flowering branch, X0.62; b, exterior involu-
cral bract, X3.1; c, interior involucral bract, X3.1; d, e, ray corollas,
X3.1; /, palea, X3.1; g, disc floret, X3.1; h, i, achenes, X3.1; a-d,
f-h, from cotype, in Hb. Field; e, horn Ghiesbreght 551, in Hb. Mo.; i,
from L. C. Smith 857, in Hb. Gray.
532 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
157. Bidens Ostruthioides (DC.) Schz. Bip. in Seem.
Bot. Voy. Herald 308. 1852-1857. PL CXXXI.
Delucia Ostruthioides DC. Prodr. 5: 633; Deless. Icon. Select. Plant.
4: pi. 40. 1839.
Bidens guatemalensis Klatt, Bot. Jahrb. 8: 44. 1887.
Folia principalia tripartita, foliolis ovatis vel rhomboideo-ovatis.
B. Ostruthioides sensu stricto.
Folia acerrime bipinnatisecta vel plus minusve biternatisecta, foliolis
segmentisve cuneato-lanceolatis var. /3. costaricensis.
Herba e radice lignea perennis, plus minusve decumbens, saepius
glabra; caule subtereti, subsimplici ramosove, infra ligneo, 0.3-1.5 m.
(vel ultra) longo. Folia petiolata petiolis inferne hispido-ciliatis
1.5-2.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto plerumque subaequaliter 4.5-6.5
cm. longa, membranacea, infra multo pallidiora, tripartita (vel saepe
summa indivisa); foliolis ovatis vel rhomboideo-ovatis, ciliatis,
utrinque acute grosseque dentato-serratis; dentibus utroque latere
1-5, indurato-mucronatis. Capitula solitaria, longe tenuiterque
pedunculata pedunculis plerumque 1-2.2 dm. longis, radiata, pansa
ad anthesin 3-5 cm. lata et 0.9-1.2 cm. alta. Involucrum plus
minusve glabrum, bracteis subaequalibus; exterioribus 5-7, foliaceis,
lanceolatis vel late linearibus, acutis, plerumque ciliatis, 0.6-1.2 cm.
longis; interioribus lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, aurantiacis,
membranaceis. Flores ligulati circ. 5, flavi, ligula obovato-lanceolati,
apice plerumque 3-dentati, styliferi fertilesque, 1.5-2.2 cm. longi.
Achaenia disci et radiorum obcompressa, pallide rufo-badia, linearia,
obtuse triangulata, glabra, corpore 7-9 mm. longa, triaristata aristis
retrorsum hamosis et 3.5-5 mm. longis (rariter biaristata, saepe imper-
fecte quadriaristata, arista quarta brevi circ. 1.2 mm. longa).
Type specimen: Collected by Jean Luis Berlandier, No. 920, in
mountains about the City of Mexico, Federal District, Mexico,
October-November, 1827 (Del.).
Distribution: States of Michoacan and Vera Cruz, southern
Mexico, southeastward into Guatemala.
Specimens examined: Alaman, Mexico (Gray); Baites, Mexico,
1846 (Kew) ; Berlandier, in mountains about City of Mexico, Federal
Distr., September (U.V.); idem 920 (type, Del.: cotypes, Berl.;
Boiss.; Brit.; Mus. V.; Par., 3 sheets; Webb); Bourgeau 835, forest
of the montane desert near Santa Fe", Federal Distr., Mexico, July,
1865 (Kew; Par., 3 sheets); idem (similiter) 835, forest of Desierto
Viejo near City of Mexico, September 7, 1865 (Berl.; Boiss.; Cop.;
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXV
d ah
BIDENS ANDONGENSIS Hiern
THE GENUS BIDENS 533
Del.; Gray; Kew); idem (similiter) 835, forest at San Nicolas, near
City of Mexico, October 26, 1865 (Kew; Par., 2 sheets); C. C.Deam
20, "decumbent vine, 2-5 ft. high," foothill of Mt. Ixtaccihuatl,
Mexico, 1899 (Gray); Ghiesbreght 107, Chiapas (Gray); idem 151,
temperate region, mountains of the Mexican Plateau, August, 1843
(Par.); idem 555, Chiapas or in region of (Boiss.; Brit.; Mo.); C. J.
Graham 48, Mexico, 1830 (Brit.; Kew); F. C. Lehmann 1560, Guate-
mala, June 16, 1882 (type collection of Bidens guatemalensis Klatt;
Boiss.; Gray; Kew; U.S.); Liebmann 644, between San Andres and
San Miguel, eastern central Mexico, October, 1842 (Cop., 2 sheets) ;
Mackenzie, Mexico (Kew) ; Fred. Mutter 1950, City of Vera Cruz to
Mt. Orizaba, Vera Cruz, 1853 (Kew; Mus. V.); E. W. Nelson 1333,
alt. 2,250-2,850 meters, 18 miles southwest of Oaxaca, State of
Oaxaca, September 10-20, 1894 (U.S.); idem 1403, eodem loco et
tempore (U.S.); idem 1725, alt. 2,250-3,120 meters, near Reyes,
Oaxaca, October 17, 1894 (U.S.); idem 3658, alt. 3,300 meters, moun-
tains near Hacienda Chaucol, Guatemala, January 2, 1896 (U.S.);
C. R. Orcutt 3517, Contreras, Federal Distr., Mexico, August 9, 1910
(Field; Kew; Mo.) ; C. G. Pringle 3596, hills of Patzcuaro, Michoacan,
November 8, 1890 (Gray); idem 6598, alt. 2,550 meters, Sierra de
Ajusco, Federal Distr., Mexico, October 23, 1896 (Berl., 2 sheets;
Boiss.; Brit.; Calif.; Can.; Carn.; Del., 2 sheets; Field; Kew; Mo., 2
sheets; Mun.; Mus. V.; Par., 2 sheets; Phila.; U.V.); C. A. Purpus,
Mt. Ixtaccihuatl, February, 1903 (Calif.) ; idem 1544 p.p., moist, shady
woods at alt. 2,100-2,400 meters, eodem loco, October, 1905 (Brit.;
Calif.: Field; Mo.; U.V.); W. Schaffner 187, Valley of Mexico (Kew;
Par., 2 sheets); idem 228, eodem loco (Kew); idem 232a, alt. 2,400
meters, Mt. Popocatapetl, Mexico (Berl.; Gray; hie numerus in
Herb. Par. flores radiatos neutros et folia atypica habet, itaque
hybrida forsitan cum B. triplinerviavidetur) ; Schiede, near Angangueo,
Michoacan, November, 1829 (Berl.); idem, eodem loco, October, 1830
(Berl., 3 sheets); Alb. Schmitz 395, Mexico (Brit.; Mus. V., 4 sheets);
Eduard & Caecilie Seler 2928, forested banks of Lake Atitlan, Pana-
jachel, Dept. Solola, Guatemala, June 3, 1896 (Berl.).
DeCandolle made this the type species of his genus Delucia,
which he distinguished from Bidens by the character of the fertile
ray flowers. Later Schultz Bipontinus (loc. cit.; cf. Flora 39: 359.
1856) transferred it to Bidens, where it has been placed almost uni-
versally by other botanists. Klatt described B. guatemalensis from
Lehmann's No. 1560, said by him to have biaristate achenes, but
only a part of the achenes on the Lehmann plant in the Boissier
534 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Herbarium are biaristate, the others being triaristate. The style
branches of the disk flowers, moreover, are blunt-tipped as in the
type material of B. Ostruthioides and the two forms are identical in
other respects as well.
Bidens Ostruthioides var. 0. costaricensis (Benth. ex Oerst.)
Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 88: 298, pi. 21. 1929. PI. CXXXII.
Bidens costaricensis Benth. ex Oerst. Kjoeb. Vid. Medd. 1852: 94.
1852.
Bidens irazuensis Calv. & Calv. Year Costa Rican Nat. Hist, xvi, 137
(plate), and 140. 1917.
Folia petiolata petiolis inferne hispido-ciliatis 1-4 cm. longis,
petiolo adjecto 5-12 cm. longa, acerrime bipinnatisecta vel plus
minusve biternatisecta, foliolis segmentisve cuneato-lanceolatis,
inciso-dentatis, dentium apice induratis et saepe mucronatis, margine
sparsim ciliatis; supra ad venas plerumque minutissime creberri-
meque glanduloso-setulosis, aliter glabris, in speciminibus exsiccatis
saepe nigrescentibus; infra pallidioribus; lateralibus decurrentibus.
Floribus fructibusque a specie non differt.
Type specimen: Collected by Anders Sandoe Oersted, at altitude
of 600-1,500 meters, on Mt. Aguacate, Costa Rica, November, 1846
(Cop.).
Distribution: State of Oaxaca, Mexico, southeastward into
Costa Rica.
Specimens examined: Dr. & Mrs. P. P. Calvert, forest below
cinders, Volcan Irazu, Costa Rica, April 2, 1910 (Penn.) ; C. Conzatti
2090, alt. 2,000 meters, Distr. Teotitlan, Oaxaca, December 10, 1907
(Field); C. W. Dodge 3439, in oak forest on the upper slopes, Volcan
Irazu, Cartago Prov., Costa Rica, August 18, 1925 (Gray) ; C. Hoff-
mann 105, higher mountain forest of Volcan Irazu, May 6, 1855
(Berl.) ; Otto Kuntze, alt. 2,100 meters, Cartago, Costa Rica, June 24,
1874 (N.Y.); F. C. Lehmann 119, alt. 1,950 meters, climbing to 5
meters, among shrubs and bamboos, west slopes of Volcan Irazu,
March 28, 1878 (Mus. V.; forma petiolis infra medium spiralibus
claviculatisque) ; idem 1787, alt. 800 meters, growing up to 1.5 meters,
in moist places, Rio Blanco, Costa Rica, March 18, 1882 (Boiss.;
Gray; Kew, 2 sheets); A. S. Oersted, alt. 600-1,500 meters, Mt.
Aguacate, Costa Rica, November, 1846 (type, Cop.) ; idem, San Jose,
Costa Rica, 1845-1848 (Cop., 2 sheets); idem, Volcan Irazu, etc.,
Costa Rica (ex herb. Benth. in Kew) ; H. Pittier 742, alt. 2,800-3,200
meters, in oak forests of Volcan Irazu, December 12, 1888 (Gray) ;
Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXVI
b / a h
BIDENS BUCHNERI (Klatt) Sherff
THE GENUS BIDENS 535
idem 14070, alt. 2,300 meters, Laguna del Reventado, Volcan Irazu,
January 1, 1901 (Gray) ; C. G. Pringle 5848, alt. 2,700 meters, Sierra
de Clavellinas, Oaxaca, October 26, 1894 (Gray; Mo.); C. A. Purpus
3109, Cerro Verde, Oaxaca (vicinity of San Luis Tultitlanapa,
Puebla, near Oaxaca), July, 1908 (Berl.; Brit.; Calif.); C. L. Smith
357, alt. 2,700 meters, Sierra de Clavellinas, Oaxaca, October 16-19,
1894 (Mo.;N.Y.;U.S.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXXI
Bidens Ostruthioides: a, h, flowering branches, X0.66: b, j, ex-
terior involucral bracts, X4.62; c, k, interior involucral bracts, X4.62;
d, I, ray florets, X2.64; e, m, paleae, X4.62;/, n, disc florets, X4.62;
g, o, upper portions of pistils, X9.9; i, cauline leaf, X0.66; p (ray),
q (disc), achenes, X4.62; a-g, from Lehmann 1560 (type collection of
Bidens guatemalensis Klatt) in Hb. Gray; h, j-o, from Purpus 1544,
in Hb. Field; i, from specimen presented by De Candolle to Hb. Par.;
p, q, from Pringle 6598, in Hb. Field.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXXII
Bidens Ostruthioides var. costaricensis: a, b, flowering and sub-
fruiting branches, X0.64; c, exterior involucral bract, X3.84; d,
interior involucral bract, X3.84; e, ray floret, X2.56;/, palea, X3.84;
g, disc floret, X3.84; all from sheet of assorted Oersted materials from
Mt. Irazu, Mt. Aguacate, etc., in Bentham's herbarium in Hb. Kew.
158. Bidens bicolor Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad.
39: 114. 1903. PI. CXXXIII.
Herba erecta, ramosa caulibus ramisque hirsuto-pubescentibus
vel fere glabris, 4-7 dm. alta. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.5-3 cm.
longis, petiolo adjecto usque ad 8 cm. longa, 3-5-partita; foliolis
ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, apice acutis vel etiam acuminato-acutis,
serratis, sparsim pubescentibus vel glabris, infra pallidioribus, mem-
branaceis, 1.5-5 cm. longis et 0.5-2 cm. latis. Capitula non nume-
rosa, pedunculata pedunculis tenuibus usque ad 10 cm. longis, radi-
ata, pansa ad anthesin 2.5-7 cm. lata et 7-13 mm. alta. Involucri
plus minusve hirsuti bracteae exteriores circ. 8-10, lineari-oblongae,
plerumque patentes, 5-8 mm. longae; interiores lanceolatae, plerum-
que breviores. Flores ligulati 5 vel 6, basi plerumque purpurei
alibi flavi, ligula elliptico-oblanceolati, apici interdum minute denti-
culati, 1.5-3 cm. longi. Achaenia (immatura) linearia, supra sensim
angustata, apicem versus erecto-setosa, biaristata aristis retrorsum
hamosis.
536 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Type specimen: Collected by Cassiano Conzatti and V. Gonzalez,
No. 1008, at altitude of 1,750 meters, State of Oaxaca, Mexico,
July-August, 1900 (Gray).
Distribution: States of Oaxaca and Chiapas, southern Mexico.
Specimens examined: Conzatti & Gonzalez 1008 (type, Gray);
iidem 1009, eodem loco et tempore (Gray); Ghiesbreght 781, on
cultivated land, Chiapas, etc., Mexico, July- August (Gray).
A scantily represented and poorly understood species.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXXIII
Bidens bicolor: a, upper, main part of plant, X0.7; b, flowering
branch, X0.7; c, exterior involucral bract, X4.2; d, interior involucral
bract, X4.2; e, ray floret (shaded at base to show spot of purplish
color), X2.8;/, palea, X4.2; g, disc floret, X4.2; h, achene, X4.2; all
from Conzatti and Gonzalez 1009, in Hb. Gray.
159. Bidens Holstii (0. Hoffm.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
76: 79. 1923. PI. CXXXIV.
Coreopsis Holstii 0. Hoffm. in Engler, Pflanzenw. D. Ost.-Afr.
C:415. 1899.
Achaenia plurime exaristata B. Holstii sensu stricto.
Achaenia plurime aristata aristis supra retrorsum 1-3-hamosis.
var. j8. rupestris.
Herba perennis, undique glanduloso-puberula, circ. 1 m. alta;
ramis obtuse tetragonis, speciminibus siccis dense brunneo-viridi-
bus. Folia petiolata petiolis circ. 1-1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto
5-9 cm. longa, pinnatipartita, circumambitu oblongo-ovata vel
oblongo-lanceolata; segmentis principalibus saepius circ. 7 vel 9,
membranaceis vel crassiusculis, atro-punctulatis, grosse crenatis vel
sinuatis, dentium apice nitido-cartilagineis, infra pallidioribus.
Capitula pauca, ad apices ramorum solitaria, radiata, pansa ad
anthesin 4-5.5 cm. lata et 1.4-1.7 cm. alta. Involucri bracteae
exteriores (in duabus seriebus) 10-14, oblongae vel rarius ovatae,
dense glanduloso-pubescentes, apice obtusae, 8-10 mm. longae;
interiores subaequilongae, angustiores, tenuiter membranaceae, non
nisi ad apicem puberulae. Flores ligulati 8-10, lutei, ligula elliptici
vel oblanceolati, apice minute circ. 3-dentati. Achaenia quam paleae
multo breviora, plana, oblonga lineariave, utraque facie circ.
8-striata, margine (moderate) et apice (dense et pectinatim) erecto-
setosa, 4-6 mm. longa et 0.7-1.2 mm. lata, apice exaristata vel rare
pauca biaristata aristis tenuibus et erecto-setosis.
THE GENUS BIDENS 537
Type specimen: Collected by C. Hoist, No. 76, in sunny places
of the higher mountains, mountain steppe, Usambara, German East
Africa, October, 1891 (Berl.).
Distribution: District of Usambara, German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Karl Braun 2820, Kingo-Kwai, western
Usambara, August 21, 1909 (Berl) ; idem 2857, eodem loco et tempore
(Berl.) ; Hoist 76 (type, Berl.) ; Albrecht Zimmermann 1776, Hermanns-
platte, western Usambara, February, 1908 (Berl.).
Hoffmann's type in Berlin consists of three flowering specimens
mounted upon one sheet. They lack mature or even submature
achenes. At first they were determined by him as Coreopsis Grantii
Oliv. (Bidens Grantii Sherff), but later he crossed out this determi-
nation and substituted the new name C, Holstii. His description of
the achenes ("Achaeniis juvenilibus alatis") was of necessity drawn
from the unripened ovaries. The winged character assigned by him
to the young achenes is not manifest on my examination of them.
They naturally are thin and delicate toward the edges, but this is
true of the achenes of many typical Bidens species when equally
young. Fortunately there since have been collected by Braun and by
Zimmerman additional specimens from the type district, Usambara.
These match the type very closely, and two excel it in having mature
achenes. The achenes are linear, unwinged, 3-6 mm. long, flattened,
antrorsely setose upon the margins and at the apex, exaristate or with
two setae very slightly larger than the rest and representing minute
aristae. Hoffmann described the aristae as very short ("aristis 2
brevissimis"), but, as may be seen from my plate, fig. g, the ovarian
aristae of his type, when compared with the body of the ovary, are
not very short. The species bears a strong habital resemblance to
Bidens Grantii (Oliv.) Sherff and in lesser degree to Coreopsis pin-
natipartita 0. Hoffm. From the latter it differs in its setose, exalate
achenes. From B. Grantii it appears to differ mainly in having the
achenes exaristate or only shortly aristate (a character here of some-
what uncertain value) and in the nature of its pubescence.
Bidens Holstii var. /3. rupestris Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
90: 393. 1930. PI. CXXXV.
Bidens rupestris Sherff, op. cit. 76: 144. 1923.
A specie achaeniis regulariter bi- (rariter tri-) aristatis aristis infra
plerumque spinulis erecte munitis, supra retrorsum 1-3-hamosis vel
rariter nudis 2-3.5 mm. longis differt.
538 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Type specimen: Collected by Carl Uhlig, No. 750, on moss-
covered, stony, newly formed volcanic cliffs, "im filzigdichten manns-
hohen Busch," at altitude of 2,400 meters, northeast side of Meru
Mountain, German East Africa, November 27, 1901 (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from vicinity of Mt. Meru, north-
eastern German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Uhlig 750 (type, Berl.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXXIV
Bidens Holstii: a, flowering branch, X0.65; b, portion of leaf,
X3.25; c, exterior involucral bract, X3.25; d, interior involucral
bract, X3.25; e, ray corolla, Xl.95; /, palea, X3.25; g, disc floret,
X3.25; h, i, achenes, X3.25; a-g, from type; h, i, from Braun 2857,
in Hb. Berl.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXXV
Bidens Holstii var. rupestris: a, flowering branch, X0.63; b,
exterior involucral bract, X2.53; c, interior involucral bract, X2.53;
d, ray floret, Xl.9; e, palea, X2.53;/, disc floret, X2.53; g, immature
achene, X3.79; all from type.
160. Bidens kamerunensis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 148. 1923.
PI. CXXXVI.
Herba pubescens, verisimiliter perennis, simplex forsitan inter-
dum ramosa, 1-1.5 m. alta. Folia petiolata petiolis latis 0.5-1.5 cm.
longis, petiolo adjecto 4-10 cm. longa, 3- (rarius 5-) partita; foliolis
lanceolatis, irregulariter crenato-dentatis dentibus abrupte sub-
calloso-apiculatis, foliolis lateralibus usque ad 2.5 cm. longis, terminal!
usque ad 7 cm. longo. Capitula pauca, pedunculata pedunculis
subrobustis usque ad 8 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 6-7 cm.
lata et 1.2-1.8 cm. alta. Involucri bracteae dense sed breviter hispi-
dae, exteriores 13-16, lineari-lanceolatae, supra sensim attenuatae,
inconspicue apiculatae, 1.2-1.5 cm. longae, ad medium plus minusve
reflexae; interiores lanceolatae vel lineares, interdum breviores.
Flores ligulati 14-16, lutei, ligula late elliptico-lineares, apice minute
denticulati, 2.5-3.5 cm. longi. Paleae anguste lineares, achaenia
superantes. Achaenia atra, valde obcompressa, exalata, antrorsum
hispida vel inferne glabrata, circ. 11-13 mm. longa et 2 mm. lata,
saepe biaristata aristis tenuibus, nudis, usque ad 1.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by C. Ledermann, No. 5461, at altitude
of 1,200-1,400 meters, Mao Barked je, Mt. Gendero, Kamerun, Octo-
ber 6, 1909 (Berl.).
THE GENUS BIDENS 539
Distribution: Known only from type locality on Mt. Gendero,
Kamerun.
Specimens examined : Ledermann 5461 (type, Berl.); J> McDon-
ald 1003, alt. 1,800 meters, gray sandy loam, Solai, Kikuyu region,
British East Africa, September, 1925 (Kew; forma foliis 5-7-partitis;
achaeniis submaturis).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXXVI
Bidens kamerunensis: a, flowering branch, X0.63; b, lower surface
of portion of leaf, enlarged to show pubescence, X2.5; c, exterior
involucral bract, X2.5; d, interior involucral bract, X2.5; e, ray
corolla, Xl.25;/, palea, X2.5; g, palea (showing rolling-over of edges
characteristic of older paleae, the dilated tips of which surpass at
least submature achenes), X2.5; h, disc floret, X2.5; i, achene,
X2.5; all from type.
161. Bidens Grantii (Oliv.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
59: 309. 1915.
Coreopsis Grantii Oliv. Trans. Linn. Soc. 29: 98, pi. 65. 1873.
a. Foliorum segmenta ultima plus minusve ovata.
6. Folia subsessilia, 3.5-5 cm. longa B. Grantii sensu stricto.
b. Folia tenuiter petiolata petiolis usque ad 4 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto 1-1.7 dm. longa var. /3. Stapfii.
a. Foliorum segmenta ultima plus minusve oblongo-linearia.
b. Foliorum segmentum terminale elongato-angustissimum 1.5-2
cm. longum et circ. 2-3 mm. latum; achaeniis corpore circ.
4 mm. longis var. 8. Scaettae.
b. Foliorum segmentum terminale brevius latiusque; achaeniis
corpore 5-8 mm. longis var. 7. Dawei.
Herba annua forsitan perennis, erecta, 6-12 dm. alta; caule
superne ramoso, laxe piloso-pubescenti, subtetragono. Folia sub-
sessilia, circumambitu anguste deltoidea, 3.5-5 cm. longa et basi
2.5-3.5 cm. lata, bipinnatifida, lobulis ovatis obtusiusculis integris
paucidentatisve mucronulatis supra scabrido-puberulis subtus piloso-
pubescentibus. Capitula breviter pedunculata pedunculis 2.5-4 cm.
longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 4-5 cm. lata et ±1 cm. alta.
Involucri hirto-pilosi bracteae exteriores 8-10, lineares, apiculatae,
±6 mm. longae; interiores multo latiores, vix longiores. Flores
ligulati circ. 8, flavi, ligula oblongo-elliptici, apice subintegri, 2-2.5
cm. longi. Paleae lineares, apice coloratae, achaenio longiores.
Achaenia oblonge linearia, obcompressa, atra, exalata, marginibus
540 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
et facie interiore subsparsim erecto-setosa, facie exteriore obscure
circ. 16-sulculata, corpore circ. 4 mm. longa et circ. 0.6-0.7 mm.
lata; pappo minuto, poculiformi setoso-ciliatoque duabus setis
oppositis manifestioribus tenuibus antrorsum hispidulis sub 0.7 mm.
longis ex angulis ortis.
Type specimen: Collected by Captains Speke and Grant, No.
448, at altitude of 1,200-1,500 meters, Karagwe (Karague") region,
German East Africa, March, 1862 (Kew).
Distribution: Region of Karagwe, German East Africa.1
Specimens examined: Speke & Grant 448 (type, Kew).
Oliver (loc. cit.) described this species as an annual, but Skan,
vwho had had an opportunity of studying var. /3. Stapfii (qu. vide)
in cultivation, described the species (in which he included var.
Stapfii) as a perennial. The type specimen lacks the basal part, thus
offering no aid in settling the matter. It may be noted, however,
that herbarium specimens of vars. Dawei and Scaettae have definitely
annual roots.
Bidens Grantii var. /3. Stapfii Sherff, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux.
13: 287. 1935. PI. CXXXVII, figs. a-i.
Coreopsis Grantii, Skan (non Oliv.) in Curtis's Mag. pL 8110. 1906.
Perennis suffruticosaque, ramis patentissimis. Folia longe
tenuiterque petiolata petiolis usque ad 4 cm. longis, petiolo (ut
rhachi anguste alato et supra canaliculate) adjecto principalia 1-1.7
dm. longa et basi usque ad 1.5 dm. lata, atroviridia, paulum viscida,
2-3-pinnatifida; lobulis membranaceis, ovatis, apice rotundatis
(terminalibus angustioribus acutis exceptis), minutissime apiculatis.
Capitula paulo magis tenuiter longeque pedunculata. Achaenia
paulo setosiora (setosa etiam facie exteriore), corpore 6.5-8 mm.
longa et 1-1.5 mm. lata; aristis 1-1.3 mm. longis.
Type specimen : Collected by Ernest Brown, No. 137, at altitude
of 1,230 meters, District of Buddu, Uganda Protectorate, British
East Africa, December, 1904 (Kew).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Uganda, British
East Africa.
Specimens examined : Brown 137 (type, Kew); Hort. Kew., cult.,
February, 1906 (e seminibus a M. T. Dawe cum E. Brown in Buddu,
1905, lectis; Kew, 2 sheets; the basis of pi. 8110 in Curtis's
Bot. Mag.).
1 Many Congo specimens cited by Belgian workers as B. Grantii prove to be
Coreopsis oligoflora Klatt or a variety of that species.
Field Museutn of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXVII
BIDENS SOMALIENSIS Sherff
OF TKt
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 541
The late Dr. Otto Stapf had studied the type and had noted
on the sheet, "a C. Grantii non differt nisi acheniis."
Bidens Grantii var. 7. Dawei Sherff, Bull. Jard.
Bot. Brux. 13: 288. 1935.
Folia breviter lateque petiolata petiolis plerumque 4-10 mm.
longis, petiolo adjecto 4-6 cm. longa 2-3-pinnatifida lobis lanceolatis
vel oblonge linearibus. Capitula circ. 4 (rarius 5) cm. lata. Achaenia
corpore 5-8 mm. longa, aristis usque ad 1.6 mm. longa.
Type specimen: Collected by M. T. Dawe, No. 243, at altitude
of 1,170 meters, District of Buddu, Uganda Protectorate, British
East Africa, in 1905 (Kew).
Distribution: Westernmost British and German East Africa and
adjacent Belgian Congo.
Specimens examined : Joseph Bequaert 5987, Belgian Congo, 1919
(Bruss., 2 sheets); Dawe 243 (type, Kew); Speke & Grant 406, corn
fields, Karagwe (Karague"), German East Africa, 1861 (Kew).
Bidens Grantii var. 5. Scaettae Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 96: 146. 1934.
Gracilis, ± 5 dm. alta, caule subsimplici glabrato vel supra spar-
sim piloso internodiis principalibus quam foliis multo longioribus.
Folia bi-tripinnatisecta, supra moderate infra densissime hispida,
lobis lineari-oblongis ultimis acerrime apiculatis terminali 1.5-2
cm. longo et circ. 2-3 mm. lato. Achaenia corpore circ. 4 mm. longa
et sub 1 mm. lata, aristis circ. 1.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by H. Scaetta, No. 2286, Nyabihu,
Ruanda District, northwesternmost German East Africa, 1930
(Bruss.).
Distribution: Ruanda District, northwesternmost German East
Africa.
Specimens examined: Mutter 46, Kitega, Ruanda, 1933 (Bruss.);
Scaetta 2286 (type, Bruss.); idem 2294, on clay soil in field unused for
10 years, dry country, Nyabihu, Ruanda, 1930 (Bruss.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXXVII, FIGS, a-l
Bidens Grantii var. Stapfii: a, flowering and fruiting specimen,
X0.57; 6, cauline leaf, X0.57; c, portion of leaf enlarged to show
pubescence, X3.4; d, exterior involucral bract, X2.27; e, interior
involucral bract, X2.27; /, ray corolla, Xl.7; g, palea, X2.27; h,
disc floret, X3.4; i, achene, X3.4; all from Brown 137, in Hb. Kew.
542 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
162. Bidens Uhligii Sherff, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux.
13: 286. 1935.
Herba erecta, verisimiliter perennis atque ±8 dm. alta, ramosa;
caule ramisque tenuibus glabratisque, plus minusve angulatis.
Folia petiolata petiolis planis tenuibus supra glabratis sed ad mar-
ginem hispidis usque ad 4 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto usque ad 1 dm.
longa, membranaceissima, principalia 2-3-pinnatisecta, rhachi tenui
vix nisi supra medium alata; foliolis (segmentis primariis) 3 vel 5,
circumambitu ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, segmentis ultimis acutis,
duabus faciebus adpresso-hispidis, ciliatis. Capitula ad ramorum
apices subcorymboide disposita, tenuiter vel tenuissime pedicellata
pedicellis usque ad 9 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 4
cm. lata et circ. 7-9 mm. alta. Involucrum hispidum; bracteis
exterioribus 8-10, oblongo-linearibus, tergo mediane 1-nerviis, apice
acutis vel obtusis, circ. 5-9 mm. longis; interioribus oblongis, vix
longioribus. Flores ligulati ± 8, ligula elliptico-oblongi, flavi, apice
subintegri, circ. 2.5 cm. longi. Paleae oblonge lineares, glabrae,
usque ad ±1 cm. longae. Ovaria anguste linearia, infra sensim angus-
tata, exalata, faciebus multistriata et sparsissime vel etiam numerose
erecto-hispida, erecto-ciliata setis e tuberculo minuto saepius ortis,
corpore 5-6 mm. longa et sub 0.8 mm. lata, apice atriore dense
erecto-hispida et biaristata aristis tenuibus antrorsum subsparsimque
hispidulis ±1.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Carl Uhlig, No. V.46, near edge of
forest, Ukerewe, Lake Victoria Nyanza, German East Africa, April
21, 1904 (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in German East
Africa.
Specimens examined: Uhlig V.46 (type, Berl.).
163. Bidens Steppia (Steetz) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 82. 1923.
PI. CXXXVII, figs. j-r.
Coreopsis Steppia Steetz, Nat. Reise nach Mossambique 496. 1862-
1864.
a. Achaenia biaristata.
b. Achaeniorum corpora 5.5-9 mm. longa et 1.1-2.6 mm. lata.
B. Steppia sensu stricto.
6. Achaeniorum corpora 7-10.5 mm. longa et 1.1-1.3 mm. lata;
involucri bracteis exterioribus circ. 9-14 mm. longis.
var. /3. leptocarpa.
THE GENUS BIDENS 543
6. Achaeniorum corpora 4-7.5 mm. longa et 1.1-1.3 mm. lata; invo-
lucri bracteis exterioribus 4-6 mm. longis. . . .var. y.Elskensii.
a. Achaenia exaristata vel breviter bidentata .... var. 8. ambacensis.
Herba annua, erecta, 6-10 dm. alta; caule teretiusculo vel sub-
tetragono, glabrato vel hinc inde pilis elongatis consperso. Folia
breviter petiolata petiolis latis hispido-ciliatis et 0.5-6 cm. longis,
petiolo adjecto 4-25 cm. longa, principalia ternata vel inciso-
bi-tripinnatifida; foliolis (praesertim terminali) elongatis, lanceolatis
vel late linearibus, inciso-dentatis vel terminali saepe integro, mem-
branaceis, ciliatis, utrinque sparsim pilosis. Capitula pauca, tenuiter
pedunculata pedunculis 3-12 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin
3.5-5.5 cm. lata et 1.2-1.4 cm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores
8-16, elongatae, lineares, ciliatae, infra pilis articulatis hirsutissimae,
0.7-2 cm. longae; interiores oblongae vel late lanceolatae, dorso
pilis articulatis plus minusve hirsutae, 8-10 mm. longae. Flores
ligulati saepius 11 vel 12, flavi, ligula anguste elliptici, 9-13 striis
percursi, apice saepe dentati, 2-2.5 cm. longi. Achaenia lineari-
oblonga, nigra, obcompressa, exalata, (saepe margine crasso) dense
et adrecte ciliata, faciebus adpresse plus minusve setosa praesertim
supra, corpore 5.5-9 mm. longa et 1.1-2.9 mm. lata, apice setosa ac
biaristata; aristis tenuibus, erectis, antrorsum hispidulis, 1.5-4.5
mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Wilhelm Peters, No. 57, in various
spots near damp places, Rios de Sena, Mozambique, State of East
Africa, 1842-1848 (Berl., 2 sheets).
Distribution: Widely scattered across Africa from Angola (in
Portuguese West Africa) eastward and northeastward to Mozam-
bique, to German East Africa, and to western British East Africa.
Specimens examined: George Adamson 363, alt. 1,800-2,100
meters, Mt. Mlanje, Nyassaland, British Central African Protectorate,
March, 1897 (Brit.; Kew); Antunes 197, Huilla, Angola (Berl.); John
Buchanan 190, alt. 2,100 meters, Blantyre, Nyassaland, British
Central African Protectorate (Kew); idem 251, Nyassaland, 1891
(Berl., 2 sheets; Brit.; U.S.); idem 928, eodem loco et tempore (Gray;
U.S.); K. J. Cameron 38, Namasi, communic. December 19, 1899
(Kew) ; Corbisier 172, Belgian Congo, November 8, 1919 (Bruss., 2
sheets) ; M. T. Dawe 393, Melange (Malanji) Plateau, Angola, April
18, 1922 (Kew); Fred Eyles 307, granite hills, alt. 1,320 meters,
Distr. Mazoe, Southern Rhodesia, April, 1906 (Brit.); Miss A. E.
Gairdner 414, Livingstone Distr., Rhodesia, March (Kew); JohnGoss-
weiler 1201, common in good cultivated ground or on sugar cane
544 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
plantations about Malange (Malanji), Angola, May 26, 1903 (Brit.;
Kew, 2 sheets) ; idem 3831, in woods and open places, not common,
near village of Katoco-Kubango, Angola, May 7, 1906 (Brit.; Kew);
idem 5726, in herb-grown thickets, along road between Camondai
and Grunja de S. Suiz Cazengo and at Saco Matari, Angola, May
20, 1912 (Brit.); W. P. Johnson 354, Tumbi Hill, April 27 (Kew);
T. Kassner 2658, mountain slopes, Musofi River, Belgian Congo,
May 1, 1908 (Berl.); idem 3182, open places, Ruzizi Valley, Belgian
Congo, July 23, 1908 (Kew); Miss E. Kenyon 55 (Kew); J. Kirk,
alt. 900 meters, Mbame, Manganja (Maganja) Hills, Zambesiland,
July, 1861 (Kew, 2 sheets); Mrs. Macaulay 633 p.p., near Mumbwa,
Northern Rhodesia, 1911 (Kew) ; C. J. Meller, vicinity of Blantyre,
Nyassaland, August-September, 1861 (Kew); Peters 57 (type, Berl.,
2 sheets); Stuhlmann 2120, alt. 1,500 meters, Ruhanga, Uganda,
British East Africa, April 20, 1891 (Berl.); Welwitsch 3531, alt.
1,140-1,650 meters, in bushy meadows at Lake Ivantala, Distr.
Huilla, Angola, February, 1860 (Brit.; Kew; Par.); idem 3532, alt.
300-720 meters, Distr. Golungo Alto, Angola (Berl.; Brit.; Kew).
As already stated (Sherff, loc. cit.), the two type specimens are
extant in fairly good condition. Their several mature achenes are
seen on close inspection to be devoid of true wings (cf. Peters, loc.
cit., "achaeniis oblongis subcompressis marginatis sed vix alatis"),
and to have merely rough, thickened margins, similar to those on
certain species of true Bidens, e.g., B. aristosa (Michx.) Britt. In a
previous paper (Bot. Gaz. 59: 305-308. 1915) I have stated the
reasons for regarding such plants as belonging to Bidens.
Coreopsis Mattfeldii Sherff (Bot. Gaz. 76: 83. 1923) bears a strong
superficial resemblance to Bidens Steppia, but can easily be dis-
tinguished by its achenes and involucral bracts. The many mature
achenes on the type of C. Mattfeldii differ remarkably from the
ones on the type and other specimens (already cited) of B. Steppia.
For B. Steppia they are (at most) widely oblong-linear in outline,
7.5-9 mm. long and 2.5-3 mm. wide; there is merely a thickened
lateral ridge, wings being absent. For C. Mattfeldii the achenes are
much thinner and wider, the outer obovate, 6-8 mm. long and
4.25-5 mm. wide, the inner oblanceolate, about 8 mm. long and 4
mm. wide; all are winged, and even on submature fruiting heads the
rounded upper ends of the wings, adjacent to the aristae, are easily
visible. The external bracts about equal the inner ones in C. Matt-
feldii; in B. Steppia they tend to exceed the inner ones by at least
2-6 mm.
THE GENUS BIDENS 545
Coreopsis oligoflora Klatt is another species of Coreopsis closely
similar in superficial aspect to B. Steppia.
Bidens Steppia var. /3. leptocarpa Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 90: 392. 1930.
Herba 1-1.5 m. alta. Capitula pansa ad anthesin 5-6.5 cm. lata;
bracteis exterioribus 8-10, circ. 9-14 mm. longis et 1.2-2 mm. latis,
quam interioribus oblongo-ovatis paulo longioribus. Flores ligulati
plerumque 8, circ. 2.5-3 cm. longi. Achaenia anguste oblongo-
linearia, plana, nigra, unaquaque facierum circ. 8-sulculata, margini-
bus apiceque erecto-ciliata, faciebus praecipue supra plus minusve
erecto-setosa, exalata, corpore 7-10.5 mm. longa et 1.1-1.3 mm.
lata, biaristata aristis erectis stramineis tenuibus antrorsum his-
pidis circ. 2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Ad. Stolz, No. 729, growing 1.5
meters high at altitude of 1,350 meters, Kaningwe, Langenburg,
German East Africa, May 26, 1911 (Berl.).
Distribution: German East Africa, also Angola.
Specimens examined : Braun 5505, growing 1 meter high, Niamu-
tukusja Nsira, Distr. Bukoba, German East Africa, June 15, 1913
(Berl.) ; 0. Elskens 20, on sandy plain of Lake Tanganyika, Rumonge,
Urundi, German East Africa, May 23, 1922 (Bruss.); JohnGosswei-
ler 8477, alt. 1,200 meters, Angola, September 30, 1922 (Berl.); Stolz
729 (Berl., type: cotypes, Del., 2 sheets; Kew) ; F. L. Stuhlmann
(Exped. Emin Pascha) 4156, Nuansa, May 20, 1892 (Berl.).
Bidens Steppia var. 7. Elskensii Sherff, Bull. Jard.
Bot. Brux. 13: 286. 1935.
Capitula pansa ad anthesin parce 3 cm. lata. Involucri bracteae
exteriores 7-10, tantum 4-6 mm. longae, quam interiores breviores.
Achaenia corpore 4-7.5 mm. longa et 1.1-1.3 mm. lata, biaristata
aristis 3-4 mm. longis.
Type specimen : Collected by 0. Elskens, No. 257, in places long
cultivated, hills at Kitega, Ruanda, northwesternmost German East
Africa, December 13, 1922 (Bruss.).
Distribution: Ruanda, German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Elskens 257 (type, Bruss.).
Plant said by Elskens to grow about 1.6 meters tall, to be eaten
by cattle, and to have the native name "chikuchike." The flowers
are described as odorless. The fruiting heads approach, in their
small size, those of B. kivuensis, but the general foliage habit and
habit of flowering heads are more as in B. Steppia.
546 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens Steppia var. 6. ambacensis (Hiern) Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 90: 392. 1930.
Coreopsis ambacensis Hiern, Cat. Welw. Afr. PL 3: 586. 1898.
Bidens ambacensis (Hiern) Sherff, op. cit. 59: 309. 1915.
A specie achaeniis tantum 5-7 mm. longis et 0.8--0.9 mm. latis,
exaristatis sed breviter bidentatis differt.
Type specimen : Collected by Friedrich Welwitsch, No. 3272 pro
parte, in marshy places on the left bank of the Caringa River,
Ambaca, Angola, Portuguese West Africa, June, 1855 (Brit.).
Distribution: Known only from Angola.
Specimens examined: John Gossweiler 8936, alt. 1,300 meters,
vicinity of River Gola Luije, Malange, June, 1925 (Kew) ; Welwitsch
3272 pro parte (type, Brit.).
The type has the general habit of£. Steppia proper but differs
in the small, slender achenes. The existence of the var. leptocarpa,
as also of several transitional forms between B. Steppia proper and
var. leptocarpa, shows, in my opinion, that the achenial distinctions
for the ambacensis type are varietal rather than specific.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXXVII, FIGS, j-f
Bidens Steppia: j, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.57; k,
portion of cauline leaf, X0.57; I, exterior involucral bract, Xl.7;
m, interior involucral bract, Xl.7; n, ray corolla, Xl.7; o, palea,
Xl.7; p, disc floret, Xl.7; q, achene, X3.4; r, portion of achene,
X7.94; j, l-q, mainly from Cameron 38, in Hb. Kew, but slightly
from Dr. J. Kirk, alt. 900 meters, Mbame, Manganja Hills, Zambesi-
land, July, 1861, in Hb. Kew; k, r, from type.
164. Bidens rufovenosa Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 59: 301. 1915.
PL CXXXVIII, figs. a-i.
Herba erecta, perennis, 4-6 dm. alta; caule subtereti, striato,
glabro, plus minusve ramoso; ramis (vel ramulis) monocephalis.
Folia principalia petiolata petiolis angustis usque ad 1.5 cm. longis,
petiolo adjecto 4-6 cm. longa, pinnata, spinuloso-ciliata, supra
sparsim et brevissime spinuloso-pubescentia, infra sparsim pubes-
centia et ad venas interdum rufo-tomentosa; foliolis lateralibus
lanceolatis vel foliorum superiorum lineari-lanceolatis, incisis vel
longe dentatis. Folia summa indivisa lanceolataque vel ternata
foliolis integris lanceolatisque. Capitula radiata, pansa ad anthesin
3.5-4.5 cm. lata et 8-12 mm. alta, in fructu 1-1.3 cm. lata et 0.8-1
cm. alta. Involucri bracteae membranaceae, margine plus minusve
diaphanae, duplici serie dispositae; exteriores 7 vel 8, lineares,
THE GENUS BIDENS 547
3-6 mm. longae; interiores lanceolatae, dimidio longiores. Flores
ligulati 7-9, aurantiaci, ligula anguste lanceolati, apice integri,
ad basim minute hispidi, 7-9-lineati, 1.5-1.8 cm. longi. Paleae
lineares, 6-8 mm. longae. Achaenia linearia atro-brunnea, subplana,
una facie valde unicostata, margine faciebusque dense sed breviter
erecto-hispida (praecipue supra), corpore circ. 8-9 mm. longa, biaris-
tata aristis nudis, usque ad 1 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by John Gossweiler, No. 4176, among
the ferruginous rocks near the fort at Kabango, Principality of
Amelia, Angola, Portuguese West Africa, December, 1907 (Brit.).
Distribution: From eastern Southern Rhodesia to Angola.
Specimens examined: Ex Dept. Agriculture, No. 2482, Salisbury,
Southern Rhodesia (Kew); Mrs. 0. Craster 211, eodem loco, com-
munic. May 27, 1914 (Kew); Gossweiler 4176 (type, Brit.).
At the time of writing the original description of Bidens rufo-
venosa, there were at hand only my large photograph of the type
and a small fragment which had been lent me. The one leaf on this
fragment had the pubescence along the veins of the lower leaf -sur-
faces conspicuously red-tomentose. The habitat cited by Goss-
weiler, "amongst ferruginous rocks," led at once to the thought that
iron in some form had been taken from the soil into the roots, then
carried through the stem and leaves to the lower leaf surfaces and
deposited there, doubtless as an oxide of iron. This view having
been rejected by an eminent plant physiologist to whom it had
been stated, the leaf was given for study to Dr. Sophia H. Eckerson,
then of the University of Chicago. She reported the color of the
pubescence as due to a red stain produced in the mucilage cells
along the veins. Apparently, then, the stain afforded a character of
diagnostic value.
More recently I have reexamined the type. Only certain leaves
possessed the rufo-tomentose character. Furthermore, the thickish
root was covered with a deposit, of the reddish color noted in the hairs
on some of the lower leaf -surfaces, but other material examined lacks
the red. Clearly the rufo-tomentose character is here a fickle one,
doubtless being entirely dependent upon the "ferruginous" nature
of the rocks or soil in the habitat.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXXVIII, FIGS. a-4
Bidens rufovenosa: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.61;
b, lower leaf and portion of adjacent stem, X0.61; c, portion of leaflet,
enlarged to show hairs, X6.12; d, exterior involucral bract, X3.67;
548 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
e, interior involucral bract, X3.67; /, ray floret, Xl.83; g, palea,
X3.67; h, corolla of disc floret, X3.67; *, achene, X3.67; all from type.
165. Bidens asperata (Hutch. & Dalz.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
93: 220. 1932. PL CXXXIX.
Coreopsis asperata Hutch. & Dalz. Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2: 141-143.
1931; Sherff, op. cit. 219.
Herba perennis, verisimiliter 1-2 m. alta, erecta, ramosa, caule
ramisque subtetragonis, glabris. Folia inferiora non visa, superiora
breviter petiolata petiolis planis latissimis basi connatis ± 1 cm.
longis, petiolo adjecto 6-11 cm. longa, pallida, membranacea, faciebus
glaberrima, pinnatim 3-5-partita; foliolis lanceolatis acriter dentatis
vel subincisis, ciliatis, usque ad circ. 2 cm. latis. Capitula pauca,
corymbosa, subvalide pedunculata pedunculis superne pubescentibus
circ. 4-8 cm. longis, demum circ. 2.5-3 cm. lata et 1.5-1.8 cm. alta;
radio non viso. Involucri basaliter pubescentis bracteae exteriores
circ. 7 vel 8, ovatae vel late lanceolatae, superne angustatae, apice
obtusae, margine glabratae vel plus minusve ciliatae, tergo circ.
5-7-nerviae, 1.2-1.6 cm. longae et 3-6 mm. latae; inferiores rigidae,
oblongo-obovatae, tergo plus minusve hispidae, apice angustatae
ac pubescentes, paulo breviores. Paleae lineares, apicaliter coloratae,
achaeniorum aristas aequantes vel parce superantes. Achaenia
plana, brunneo-atra, late vel moderate oblonga, utraque facie
circ. 16-sulcata, costis marginibusque creberrime papillata papillis
setis munitis, corpore 7-8 mm. longa et 2-2.8 mm. lata, apice valde
erecto-setosa et biaristata; aristis subdivergentibus, rectis, apicem
versus nudis inferne 1-3 hamis antrorsum hamosis, 1.5-2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Aug. Chevalier, No. 20554, Cercle
de Faranah (Faranna, Farana), "entre Sambadougou," French
Guinea, January 27, 1909 (Kew).
Distribution: French Guinea and Sierra Leone, southeastward
to the upper Sassandra River, Ivory Coast.
Specimens examined: Chevalier 20554 (type, Kew).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXXIX
Bidens asperata: a, b, portions of fruiting branch, X0.62; c,
exterior involucral bract, X3.08; d, interior involucral bract, X3.08;
e, palea, X3.08;/, disc floret, X4.93; g, achene, X4.93; all from type.
166. Bidens rubra DeWild. Repert. Sp. Nov. 13: 203.
1914. PI. CXL, figs. h-o.
Herba annua, erecta, verisimiliter 4-8 dm. alta, ramosa, caule
(saepe acerrime) ramisque quadrangularibus, piloso-scabris (non
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXVIII
BIDENS SERETII (DeWild.) Sherff
OF THt
UNIVERSITY Qf ILUN8IS
THE GENUS BIDENS 549
"velutinis"), ramulis subglabris. Folia petiolata petiolis pilosis
plerumque usque ad 1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-8 cm. longa,
pinnatisecta; foliolis 3-7, linearibus, acriter calloso-apiculatis,
sparse pilosulis, 0.5-2 mm. latis et usque ad 5.5 cm. longis. Capitula
solitaria, ramos terminantia, pedunculata pedunculis 1.5-3.5 cm.
(supra bracteas lineares) longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2.5-4 cm.
lata et 7-11 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae extimae circ. 6-8, lineares
(non "lanceolatae"), acriter calloso-apiculatae, dorso plus minusve
dense hispidae, demum 5-7.5 mm. longae; medianae ovato-ellipticae,
breviter apiculatae, dorso sparse hispidae, usque ad 7 mm. longae et
4 mm. latae; intimae glabrae, usque ad 1 cm. longae. Flores ligulati
4-6 (plerumque 5), glabri, rubri vel exsiccati violacei, plerumque
5-7-nervati, ligula elliptici, usque ad 17 mm. longi et circ. 4-4.5 mm.
lati; tubulosi flavidi, infra angusti, supra inflato-urceolati, glabri,
circ. 3 mm. longi (antheris exsertis non inclusis). Achaenia valde
obcompressa, margine apiceque setuloso-ciliata, faciebus glabra sed
manifeste minuteque circ. 8-striata; exteriora lineari-oblonga, atro-
brunnea, interdum exaristata, circ. 5-7 mm. longa et 1-1.4 mm. lata;
interiora linearia, non elongata, atra, corpore usque ad 1 cm. longa et
1 mm. lata, biaristata aristis retrorsum hamosis circ. 1.5-2 mm. longis.
Type specimen : Collected by Joseph Bequaert, No. 389, at Wel-
gelegen, Katanga, Belgian Congo, May 2, 1912 (Bruss.).
Distribution: Known only from southeasternmost portion of
Belgian Congo.
Specimens examined: Bequaert 389 (type, Bruss.); idem 563,
Welgelegen, Katanga, May 2, 1912 (Bruss.); Homble 563, eodem loco
et tempore (Bruss.); T. Kassner 2859a, open grass plain, Lukifwa
River, May 24, 1908 (Berl. ; Brit. ; forma involucri bracteis exteriori-
bus interiores aequantibus) .
In the herbarium at Brussels are two sheets labeled J. Bequaert
389. One bears a specimen having fairly large flowering heads
(2.5-4 cm. wide) with red or violaceous ligules and moderately thick,
not elongated achenes. This sheet bears Bequaert's original field
label and clearly is the one kept mainly in mind by De Wildeman
when he named and described Bidens rubra. It is, moreover, the
main basis of my description. The other sheet bears a very different
plant with small (7-8 mm. wide), discoid flowering heads and slender,
elongated achenes. This second specimen matches the type of
Bidens ciliata De Wild. (=B. paupercula Sherff), i.e., Bequaert 302,
and doubtless was really a duplicate of the B. ciliata type, but
through some error in mounting was given the wrong number. It
550 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
was unfortunately confused by De Wildeman with his B. rubra, as is
shown by his erroneously describing the achenes of B. rubra as
elongate, up to about 15 mm. long.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXL, FIGS, k-0
Bidens rubra: h, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.63; i, portion
of stem, X3.15;y, exterior involucral bract, X3.15; k, interior involu-
cral bract, X3.15; I, ray floret, X3.15; m, palea, X3.15; n, disc floret,
X3.15; o, achene, X3.15; all from type.
167. Bidens urceolata De Wild. Ann. Mus. Congo
IV. 167. 1903. PI. CXL, figs. a-g.
Herba annua, erecta, glabra vel ad nodos parce pilosa, caule
ramisque perspicue angulata, ±7 dm. alta. Folia petiolata petiolis
basi connatis et usque ad 2.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-8 cm.
longa, pinnatim 3-5-partita; foliolis linearibus 1-3 mm. latis, mem-
branaceis vel subcarnosis, non perspicue ciliatis, apice acutis, laterali-
bus non divaricatis et rariter lobatis. Capitula tenuiter pedunculata
pedunculis 3-9.5 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 3.5-5 cm.
lata et 8-12 mm. alta. Invohicrum inferne hispidum; bracteis
exterioribus 7-14, linearibus, ciliatis, acriter calloso-apiculatis, 6-8
(rariter -10) mm. longis; interioribus brevioribus, ovato-lanceolatis,
supra conspicue scarioso-marginatis. Flores ligulati 5-8, violacei
vel sicci plus minusve flavi, ligula elliptico-oblanceolati, apice integri
vel denticulati, 1.5-2.5 cm. longi. Flores tubulosi superne interdum
perspicue urceolati, 1.5-3 mm. lati, nunc violacei, nunc flavidi sed
venis et loborum marginibus brunnei, tubo quam ovariorum aristae
longiores. Achaenia lineari-oblonga, atro-brunnea, apicem versus
plana, alibi obcompressa, faciebus marginibusque perspicuissime
brunneo-tuberculata, suberecto-ciliata, corpore 9-14 mm. longa et
1.2-1.7 mm. lata, biaristata aristis retrorsum hamosis 1-2.3 mm.
longis.
Type specimen: Collected by E. Verdick, No. 464, at Lukafu,
Katanga, Belgian Congo, April, 1900 (Bruss.).
Distribution: Southeastern Belgian Congo and probably also
adjacent portion of Rhodesia.
Specimens examined : Alex Carson 34, Tanganyika-Moero Plateau,
Central Africa, 1894 (Kew); T. Kassner 2725, slope of Mt.
Kundelungu, Belgian Congo, May 7, 1908 (Berl.); Verdick 464
(type, Bruss.).
Fortunately, the mature specimen by Carson has been available
for the description of the achenes, those on the type being immature.
' H I il
THE GENUS BIDENS 551
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXL, FIGS, d-g
Bidens urceolata: a, flowering branch, X0.63; b, exterior invo-
lucral bract, X3.15; c, interior involucral bract, X3.15; d, ray corol-
la, Xl.26; e, palea, X3.15; /, disc floret, X3.15; g, upper portion of
achene, X3.15; all from type, except lowermost pair of leaves in a
taken from the identical Kassner 2710, in Hb. Berl.
168. Bidens leptolepis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 85, pi. 9, figs. a-g.
1923; ibid. 85: 12. 1928. PI. CXXXVIII, figs. j-p.
Herba annua, erecta, glabra vel fere glabra, ramosa, caule tetra-
gona, circ. 4-6 dm. alta. Folia tenuiter petiolata petiolis 1-3.5 cm.
longis, petiolo adjecto usque ad 1.1 dm. longa, pinnatim 3-5 (rariter
-7) -partita; foliolis membranaceis, lateralibus plus minusve prorsum
spectantibus; omnibus nunc elongato-linearibus et 1-2 mm. latis,
vel nunc rursus plus minusve partitis segmentis oblongo-linearibus
usque ad 5 mm. latis, ultimis lobis apicem versus rotundatis, apice
ipso mucronulatis, margine obsolete vel debiliter ciliatis et saepe
involutis vel revolutis. Capitula ramos terminantia, pedunculata
pedunculis 2-7 vel rarius -15 cm. (supra summum jugum foliorum
verorum) longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2.2-3 cm. lata et 0.7-1.1
cm. alta. Involucri bracteae (saepe perspicue) dimorphae, exteriores
numerosae (11-18), patentes vel recurvatae, (saepe angustissime)
lineari-elongatae, hispidae vel apicem versus glabratae, apice indu-
rato acutae, basi moderate dilatatae, 6-9 mm. longae, interiores
ovato-lanceolatae, exterioribus subaequales. Flores ligulati 6-8,
ligula oblanceolati vel anguste obovati, valde et perspicue atropur-
purei vel atro-rubri, apice rotundato plus minusve emarginati et
saepe 1-5 dentibus minutis denticulati, 0.9-1.5 cm. longi. Achaenia
linearia, exalata, infra sensim supra saepe subabrupte angustata,
atra, obcompressa, utraque facie circ. 8-sulcata, faciebus margini-
busque saepe minute erecto-setosa, corpore 9-14 mm. longa et 1-1.3
mm. lata, quam paleae anguste lineares paulo breviora, apice biaris-
tata aristis retrorsum hamosis, circ. 1.7-2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by T. Kassner, No. 2725, under trees,
Mt. Kundelungu, Belgian Congo, May 10, 1908 (Berl.).
Distribution: Belgian Congo.
Specimens examined: Kassner 2725 (type, Berl.); F. G. Overlaet,
Kafakumba, April, 1925 (Berl.; Field, 3 sheets; Kew).
Appears closest in foliage and general habit to B. urceolata
De Wild., a species also collected by Kassner (No. 2710) on Mt.
552 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Kundelungu.1 B. leptolepis has smaller flowering heads, very dark
red or dark purple, not light violet ligules, much more slender and
elongate external involucral bracts, ordinary (not conspicuously
margined above) internal involucral bracts, and lacks a definitely
urceolate shape to the tubular florets.
It was described originally from the single type specimen by
Kassner. Shortly afterward I was able to enlist the friendly co-
operation of Mr. F. G. Overlaet of Belgium. In April, 1925, Mr.
Overlaet's official duties had taken him to Kafakumba, Belgian
Congo, where he collected several handsome specimens of this
Bidens. These, together with various other Congo specimens found
by him, were forwarded to me and are now deposited in the herbaria
cited. They afford a much broader and more representative notion
of the species than was possible from the lone type specimen. The
achenes are mature, the leaves are mostly more divided, with shorter
and broader segments, and the external involucral bracts are often
more numerous than in the type and also often shorter and less
noticeably narrowed. The rays of the two dozen or more flowering
heads examined vary from dark red to densely dark purplish-red, as
in the type. With the aid of these additional specimens the above
amplified description has been drawn.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXXXVIII, FIGS, j-p
Bidens leptolepis: j, flowering branch, X0.61; k, exterior involucral
bract, X2.44; I, interior involucral bract, X2.44; ra, ray floret, X2.44;
n, palea, X2.44; o, disc floret, X2.44; p, ovary, X7.32; all from type.
169. Bidens taitensis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 396. 1930.
PI. CXLI.
Herba erecta, verisimiliter perennis, glabra vel sparsissime his-
pida, forsitan 1 m. alta. Folia principalia petiolata petiolis margi-
natis ± 1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto ± 9 cm. longa, circumambitu
late deltoideo-ovata, bipinnatisecta; foliolis (lateralibus 2 jugis)
membranaceis, subgrosse dentatis, decurrentibus, saepius oblongo-
lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, minute nigro-punctatis, segmentis
apicaliter subacutis. Capitula tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis
glabratis vel ad summam hispidis, ± 1 dm. longis, radiata, pansa ad
anthesin probabiliter 3-5 cm. lata et 8-10 mm. alta. Involucri
bracteae exteriores circ. 8 vel 9, late oblongae, apice obtusae carti-
lagineo-indurataeque, marginibus eciliatae, tergo nonnullis lineis
1 The type of B. urceolata came from Lukufu, in the same region.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plato CLXIX
'' d
BIDENS STUHLMANNII (O. Hoffm.) Sherflf
••
< j
—ft-—
THE GENUS BIDENS 553
nervatae, circ. 8-9 mm. longae et 2-4 mm. latae; interferes late
oblongo-lanceolatae dorsaliter subsparsim hispidae, apicaliter dense
pubescentes, saepe paulo breviores. Flores ligulati (tantum unicus
visus) flavi, ligula lineari-oblongi, nervis pilosi, apice subintegri,
± 1.5 cm. longi. Achaenia nunc late cuneato-linearia nunc oblongo-
oblanceolata, plana, atra, utraque facie circ. 8-striata, non vere
alata, marginibus dense faciebus non nisi supra erecto-setosa,
corpore 6-8 mm. longa et 1.5-2.2 mm. lata, apice erecte hispido et
concavo vel raro piano exaristata vel brevissime biaristata aristis
usque ad 0.5 mm. longis nunc calvis nunc antrorsum 1-3-hamosis.
Type specimen: Collected by J. M. Hildebrandt, No. 2432a, at
altitude of 600-900 meters, Taita (Teita) Mountains, British East
Africa, February, 1877 (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in British East
Africa.
Specimens examined: Hildebrandt 2432a (type, Berl.).
Hildebrandt's No. 2432 was collected in quantity and proved to
be new (Bidens Hildebrandtii). Specimens were distributed to
several herbaria. His 2432a, though collected at the same time and
place, seems to have been rare, for apparently only a single specimen
was found, and that none too ample. The habit seems nearest that
of Bidens Fischeri (0. Hoffm.) Sherff, of German East Africa. From
that it differs in being more nearly glabrous, in having the exterior
involucral bracts also the achenes much wider, etc.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLI
Bidens taitensis: a, fruiting branch, X0.63; b, detached leaf,
X0.63; c, exterior involucral bract, X3.8; d, interior involucral bract,
X3.8; e, ray corolla, X2.53; /, palea, X3.8; g, disc floret, X3.8: h
(outer), i (inner), achenes, X3.8; all from type.
170. Bidens Fischeri (0. Hoffm.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
76: 158. 1923. PL CXLII, figs. a-h.
Coreopsis Fischeri 0. Hoffm. in Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C:414.
1895.
Herbacea, parce hispida. Folia petiolata petiolis ±1 cm. longis,
superiora (inferiora non visa) petiolo adjecto 4-11 cm. longa, mem-
branacea, pinnatipartita segmentis lanceolatis crenato-dentatis
acutis. Capitula cymam foliatam formantia, radiata, pansa ad
anthesin 2.5-4 cm. lata et 6-8 mm. alta, pedunculata pedunculis
usque ad 9 cm. longis. Involucri bracteae dorso hispidae; exteriores
554 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
7-9, lineares, 7-12 mm. longae, interioribus ovato-lanceolatis lon-
giores. Flores ligulati circ. 8, lutei, ligula elliptico-obovati, apice non
conspicue denticulati, demum circ. 1.5-1.8 cm. longi. Achaenia
obcompressa, nigrescentia vel brunneo-nigra, exalata, antrorsum
setosa, faciebus circ. 8-sulcata, apice exaristata vel biaristata aristis
glabris brevissimis 0.2-1 mm. longis; corpore exteriora lineari-
oblanceolata, 4-5 mm. longa et circ. 1.3-1.4 mm. lata, tuberculata;
interiora angustiora, linearia, 8-9 mm. longa et 0.6-1 mm. lata.
Type specimen: Collected by Fischer, No. 354, lake district of
central eastern Africa, January 29-February 13, anno ignoto (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in central eastern
Africa.
Specimens examined: Fischer 354 (type, Berl.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLII, FIGS. CL-h
Bid ens Fischeri: a, leaf, X0.74; b (flowering) and c (subfruiting),
heads, X0.74; d, exterior involucral bract, X3.73; e, interior involu-
cral bract, X3.73; /, palea, X3.73; g (outer) and h (inner), achenes,
X 3.73; all from type.
171. Bidens Schimperi Schz. Bip. ex Walp. Repert. 6: 168.
1846; Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81, pi. 3. 1926. PI. CXLII,
figs, i-q, PI. CXLIII, and PI. CXLIV.
Bidens Schimperi var. pilosa Schz. Bip. ex Schweinfurth, Beitr. Fl.
Aethiop. 142. 1867.
Bidens Buchingeri Schz. Bip. ex Schweinf . loc. cit.
Bidens prolixa S. L. Moore, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. 40: 116. 1911.
Bidens punctata Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 59: 302. 1915.
Bidens acutiloba Sherff, op. cit. 76: 147. 1923.
Bidens Schimperi var. punctata Sherff, op. cit. 85: 17. 1928.
Achaenia corpore tantum 3-5 mm. longa, aristis perspicue tenuibus
1.5-3 mm. longis var. /3. leptocera.
Achaenia corpore plerumque usque ad 9-16 mm. longa, aristis mode-
rate tenuibus, 2.5-4 mm. longis B. Schimperi sensu stricto.
Herba annua, erecta, inconspicue subhirto-pubescens vel interdum
pilis articulatis perspicue candido-hispida, 5-15 dm. alta; caule
tetragono, ramoso. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.4-3 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto 5-15 cm. longa, membranacea, numerosis punctulis obsita,
breviter hispido-ciliata, (rarissime pinnata) plerumque bi- vel tri-
pinnatisecta; lobis ovato-oblongis vel lineari-lanceolatis, basi cune-
THE GENUS BIDENS 555
atis, integris vel grosse inciso-dentatis, apice indurato-mucronu-
latis. Capitula non numerosa, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis
4-13 cm. longis et fere semper nudis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2-4
cm. lata et 5-10 mm. alta. Involucrum turbinatum, pilis articulatis
praecipue infra hispidum; bracteis exterioribus 5-9, foliaceis, spa-
thulato-linearibus, apice obtusis subacutisve et indurato-apiculatis,
pilis articulatis ciliatis, demum 10-17 mm. vel interdum tantum 4-7
mm. longis, junioribus ac senioribus interiores oblongo-lanceolatas
saepius paulo vel etiam dimidio superantibus. Flores ligulati ple-
rumque 8, flavi, ligula anguste elliptici, apice subintegri, ± 12 mm.
longi. Achaenia brunnea vel liventia vel nigrescentia, utraque
facie circ. 8-sulcata, ad margines atque facies saepius perspicue
adrecteque tuberculato-hispida, apice setosa et biaristata (Schz.
Bip. triaristata dixit probabiliter inaccurate; nulla triaristata vidi)
aristis tenuibus, retrorsum plus minusve hamosis, 2.5-4 mm. longis;
exteriora valde obcompressa vel plana, circumambitu lineari-fusi-
formia, corpore usque ad 9-12 (-14) mm. longa et 2-2.6 mm. lata;
interiora linearia, intima saepe convoluta, corpore usque ad 1.6 (in
cultu etiam usque ad 2.2) cm. longa et circ. 2 mm. lata.
Type specimen: Collected by Wilhelm Schimper, No. 1429, in
valleys near Djeladjeranne, Abyssinia, September 27, 1840 (Par.).
Distribution : Eastern Africa, from Eritrea and Nubia southward
to Natal; also in Angola.
Specimens examined: C. E. F. Allen 434, Rhodesia (Kew);
E. Battiscombe 63, coast districts, British East Africa, June 24, 1909
(Kew); J. T. Bent, sea coast to alt. 1,200 meters, about 21° N. Lat.,
Nubia, 1896 (Kew) ; Miss E. M. Bruce 589, growing 4 ft. tall, among
native cultivation by river, Uluguru Mts., Bunduki, German East
Africa, January 20, 1934 (Kew; Field); eadem 603, eodem loco, Jan-
uary 22, 1934 (Kew; Field); Cecil 193, alt. 1,800-2,100 meters,
Inyanga Mts., Manika, Rhodesia, December, 1899 (Kew) ; Anita G.
Curtis 696, alt. 1,500-2,100 meters, damp, hilly woods, Loita Plains,
British East Africa, July 8, 1923 (Gray) ; Fred Eyles 1302, extremely
common, alt. 1,410 meters, headwaters at Gwelo, Rhodesia, April,
1918 (forma: Brit.; Kew; Rog.); Rudolph Endlich 384, alt. 1,200-
1,300 meters, mixed forest zone between Kibohohe and the Namui,
Kilimanjaro, German East Africa, July, 1909 (Mun.) ; Adriano Fiori
1835, alt. 960 meters, Ghinda, Hamasen region, Eritrea, April 11,
1909 (Flor.); John Gossweiler 3330, not abundant, weedy annual of
the Mossacolas at Kassuango Kuiriri, Angola, April, 1906 (Brit.);
J. Hannington, 2-7° S. Lat., eastern tropical Africa, communic. 1883
556 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
(Kew); W. Hay garth, near Umzinyati River, Natal, January 21,
1893 (Brit.) ; ex Reg. Hort. Romano, cult, e sem. ab A. Terracciano et
A. Pappio lectis sub numero 4713 (Flor.) ; ex eodem, e sem. ab A. Pappio
anno 1893 sub numero 4766 (Flor.); Hort. Vindob., cult, anno 1869 e
seminibus ex Horto Pragensi anno 1868 missis (U.V.; forma capi-
tulis demum maximis, achaeniorum corporibus usque ad 2.2 cm. et
aristis usque ad 4 mm. longis) ; W. P. Johnson 50, Likoma Isl., Lake
Nyassa (Kew); idem 341, Tumbi Hill, Tumbi (Makapula), April 27,
circ. 1901 (Kew); idem 343, Tumbi, eodem tempore (Kew; type of
Bidens punctata Sherff) ; J. Kirk, Lupata, State of East Africa, April,
1860 (Kew) ; J. K. Lord, sandy plains, Suakin to Tamanieb River,
Nubia, February 17, 1869 (Kew); F. D. & E. J. Lugard 177, Kwebe,
Ngamiland, northern Bechuanaland, February, 1897 (Kew); Mrs.
E. J. Lugard (similiter) 177, Kwebe Hills, Ngamiland, February 15,
1898 (Kew); Mrs. Macaulay 633 p.p., near Mumbwa (15° S. Lat. and
28° E. Long.), northern Rhodesia, 1911 (Kew); J. McClounie 133, alt.
2,400 meters, Nyika Plateau, British Central African Protectorate,
February-March, 1903 (Kew, 2 sheets); Menyhart 1109, grassy
places, Boruma (Mburuma; Boroma; about 400-500 km. above Tete
on Zambesi River), northern Rhodesia, April, 1891 (U.V.); A.Pappi
3281, alt. about 1,500 meters, Eritrea, 1893 (Flor.); Von Prittwitz
und Gaffron 353, abundant at Camp Kirangwana, German East
Africa, July 17-18, 1901 (Berl.);F. A. Rogers 6001, alt. 900 meters,
common from Victoria Falls to Wankie, south bank of Zambesi
River, southern Rhodesia (17° 54' S. Lat. and 25° 55' E. Long.),
April 3, 1909 (Kew) ; idem 7707, Broken Hill, northwestern Rhodesia,
May, 1914 (Kew; forma B. rufovenosae adpropinquans sed involucre
valde differt) ; idem 8007, Choma, northwestern Rhodesia, May, 1909
(Kew); idem 13225, alt. 720 meters, Wankie, southern Rhodesia,
May, 1915 (Rog.) ; Schilling 67, Kilimanjaro District, German East
Africa, 1903 (Berl.); W. Schimper 201, on mountain and in valley,
alt. 750-1,650 meters, Hamedeo, Abyssinia, September 12, 1862
(Berl., 2 sheets; Brit.); idem 304, alt. 1,800 meters, in mountains,
Gaha-Meda near Dschadscha, Abyssinia, October 22, 1854 (Berl.,
2 sheets); idem 949, Abyssinia (Kew; Par., 4 sheets); idem 1429 (type,
Par.: cotypes, Berl., 2 sheets: Del., 3 sheets; Gray; Kew, 2 sheets;
Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V., etc.); H. J. Schlieben 1065, bed of the upper
Ruhudje, Prov. Lupembe, German East Africa, 1931 (Bruss.); G.
Schweinfurth 417, Soturba Mts., coast of Nubia, 1865-1868 (Berl.;
Brit.); C. F. M. Swynnerton 1884, alt. 60-180 meters, Northern
Melsetter, Rhodesia, April, 1907 (Brit., type of Bidens prolixa S. L.
field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXX
BIDENS UKAMBENSIS S. L. Moore (figs, a-i)
BIDENS RHODESIANA Sherff (figs, j-p)
Of
THE GENUS BIDENS 557
Moore); A. J. Teague 6, alt. 900-1,500 meters, Odzani River Valley,
Distr. Manica, Div. Umtali, Southern Rhodesia, 1914 (Kew); A. Ter-
raciano & A. Pappi, Eritrea, April 3, 1892 (Flor.) and April 5,
1892 (Flor.); Georg Volkens 384, alt. 1,500 meters, Kiva Kinabo,
June, 1893 (type material of Bidens acutiloba Sherff; Boiss.; Brit.;
Kew); T. Wakefield, Galla Country, eastern tropical Africa, May,
1880 (Kew; forma plus gracilis); J. M. Wood 1231, Umzinyati Falls,
Inanda, Natal, March 11 (Kew, recept. September, 1881).
The material originally given by Schultz Bipontinus the manu-
script name Bidens Buchingeri and later given the name B. Schimperi
var. pilosa was collected by Schimper at Gaha-Meda near Dschad-
scha, Abyssinia. The specimens examined by me in Schultz Bipon-
tinus' herbarium (Par.) are merely a somewhat pilose-leaved but
glabrous-stemmed form of B. Schimperi. We must therefore follow
the course of Oliver and Hiern (Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 394. 1877)
and treat these names as synonymous.
Many species of Bidens are polymorphic as to foliage, and yet
reasonably constant as to characters of flower and fruit, but B.
Schimperi offers an amazing range of variation in all respects. Thus,
in typical B. Schimperi the external bracts of the involucre become
10-17 mm. long, but in forms of the species (of which B. acutiloba
Sherff must be considered one) these may become only 3-6 mm.
long. Again, in typical material, the achenial bodies range in length
from 0.9-2.2 cm., while in various forms these range as low as 3-6 mm.
long. Oliver and Hiern, also Otto Hoffmann, in their work on the
African flora came to recognize a large number of these forms as
merely variations of B. Schimperi, although to a novice these would
seem separate species.
Bidens prolixa S. L. Moore was founded upon C. F. M. Swynnerton
1884, northern Melsetter at alt. 60-180 meters, Rhodesia, April, 1907
(Brit.). Moore (loc. cit.) distinguished this plant from B. Schimperi
by "its slender habit with long stalked heads, its smaller leaves with
narrower lobes, its smaller heads, shorter involucres and narrower
ligules." Upon comparison with a considerable number of specimens
of B. Schimperi, B. prolixa is found to be connected much too closely
for specific separation.
B. punctata Sherff (PL CXLII, figs, i-q) was founded upon two
sheets of material (Kew) consisting of small plants with leaves
tripartite or even entire, not bi- or tripinnate as in ordinary B.
Schimperi. Their outer involucral bracts were noticeably shorter
than the inner ones. The fruiting characters were very similar to
558 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
those of B. prolixa, and I therefore came later to regard B. punctata
and with it the less extreme B. prolixa as representing a variety (var.
punctata) of B. Schimperi. The diagnostic characters are found,
however, to be so uncorrelated and so prone to appear in different
combinations, that it seems difficult to justify maintenance of even
varietal rank for the prolixa or punctata forms.
Bidens Schimperi var. /3. leptocera Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 81: 52. 1926.
Herba erecta, ±6 dm. alta, verisimiliter annua, caule glabro et
ramoso. Folia superiora (inferiora non visa) subsessilia, usque ad 6
cm. longa, bipinnatisecta segmentis linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis,
valde membranaceis, sparsim hispidis, ciliatis, acriter dentatis, 1-5
mm. latis. Capitula tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis usque ad 6 cm.
longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 2.5 cm. lata et 6-8 mm. alta.
Involucri bracteae moderate hispidae, exteriores 5-8, lineares, acriter
indurato-apiculatae, 3-6 mm. longae, interioribus ovato-lanceolatis
parce longiores. Flores ligulati probabiliter circ. 8 (in uno capitulo
imperfecto tantum 5 observati), lutei, ligula elliptico-oblanceolati,
apice obscure denticulati, circ. 8-10 mm. longi. Achaenia parva
valde obcompressa, ovato-oblanceolata vel lineari-oblonga, exalata,
atra vel atro-fusca, utraque facie circ. 8-striata, marginibus erecto-
ciliata, faciebus erecte plus minusve spinuloso-setosa, apice setis
erectis valde et perspicue coronata, corpore tantum 3-4.5 (rarissime
-5) mm. longa et 0.8-1.1 mm. lata, biaristata; aristis perspicue
tenuibus, leviter arcuatis, solum apice retrorsum hamosis, 1.5-3
mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by C. F. M. Swynnerton, No. 845A,
Kilossa, German East Africa, May 8, 1921 (Brit.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in German East
Africa.
Specimens examined: Swynnerton 845A (type, Brit.).
In addition to the single specimen cited, we have Swynnerton
875 (Brit.), which may prove closer to the variety than to the species
proper. It was collected at Handeni, German East Africa, February,
1920, and has a habit suggesting that of the South American Bidens
Andrei.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLII, FIGS, i-q
Bidens Schimperi: i, small flowering and fruiting specimen,
X0.74; j, leaf, X0.74; k, portion of leaf, magnified to show punctate
surface, X5.22; /, exterior involucral bract, X3.73; m, interior involu-
THE GENUS BIDENS 559
cral bract, X3.73; n, ray corolla, X 3. 73; o, palea, X3.73; p, disc floret,
X3.73; q, achene, X3.73; i, l-q, from Johnson 343 (type of Bidens
punctata Sherff), in Hb. Kew; j, k, from Johnson 341, in Hb. Kew.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLIII
Bidens Schimperi: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.6; b,
exterior involucral bract, X2.41; c, interior involucral bract, X2.41;
d, ray corolla, X2.41; e, palea, X2.41;/, disc floret, X3.61; g (outer),
h (inner), achenes, X3.61; all from cotype, in Hb. Kew.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLIV
Bidens Schimperi (forms of): a,j, flowering and fruiting specimens,
X0.6; 6, portion of leaf from a, enlarged to show pubescence, X3; c, k,
exterior involucral bracts, X3; d, I, interior involucral bracts, X3;
e, m, ray corollas, X3; /, n, paleae, X3; g, o, disc florets, X3; h and
p (outer), i and q (inner), achenes, X3; a-i, from Volkens 384 (type of
Bidens acutiloba Sherff), in Hb. Boiss.; j-q, from Schilling 67, in
Hb. Berl.
172. Bidens Onisciformis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 96: 144. 1934.
Herba, unico ramo viso gracili subtereti sulculato sparsissime
piloso internodiis folia superantibus. Folia tenuiter petiolata
petiolo ±5 mm. longo adjecto sub 3 cm. longa, hispida setis
pluriloculatis, bipinnatisecta segmentis ultimis membranaceis plus
minusve oblongis acriter apiculatis vel dentatis dentibus vix mu-
cronatis. Capitula pauca, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis superne
hispidis ±3 cm. longis, ad anthesin cernua circ. 2 cm. lata et circ.
6 mm. alta, disco parvo demum circ. 6-7 mm. lato. Involucri hispidi
bracteae exteriores circ. 8, paten tes, lineares, ±5 mm. longae, quam
interiores ovatae saepe paulo longiores. Flores ligulati 6 (pro unico
capitulo ad anthesin viso), flavi, ligula elliptico-oblanceolati, apice
vix denticulati, 8-10 mm. longi. Paleae lineari-oblongae, apice
obtusae vel raro irregulariter mucronatae, circ. 5-5.5 mm. longae.
Achaenia exteriora fertilia, obcompressa, moderate vel late oblonga,
nigra, dorso ±8-sulculata et glabrata, marginibus pectinato-dentatis
vel laceratis sursum albido-setosa, non vere alata, ventro circ.
8-sulculata et valde papillato-setosa setis albis, apice bidenticulata
(sed vix aristulata) et erecte setosa, 4-5 mm. longa et 1.5-1.8 mm.
lata; interiora sterilia planiora, elongatiora, angustiora, griseo-nigra.
Type specimen: Collected by Van den Houdt, No. 211, at alti-
tude of about 2,200 meters, W. Katana (Kivu), tropical east Africa,
1932 (Terv.)-
560 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Distribution: Northeastern Belgian Congo.
Specimens examined: Van den Houdt 211 (type, Terv.).
The outer achenes offer a strong superficial resemblance to sow
bugs, of the genus Oniscus, whence the trivial name.1
173. Bidens Hoffmannii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 146,
pi. 12, figs. h-n. 1923. PI. CLI, figs. j-p.
Planta gracilis, glabra, circ. 3-5 dm. alta; caule inferne lignescenti,
angulato vel obscure tetragono, ramoso. Folia tenuiter petiolata
petiolis inferne plus minusve ciliatis 4-9 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto
2-5 cm. longa, pinnata, foliolis linearibus 1-3 mm. latis, lateralibus
(1 vel 2 jugis) usque ad 2 cm. longis, terminali paulo longiore, omnibus
integris vel remote pinnato-dentatis, subcarnosis, eciliatis, acute
calloso-apiculatis. Capitula pauca, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis
3-9 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2.5-3 cm. lata et 6-9 mm.
alta. Involucrum moderatim hispidum, bracteis exterioribus circ. 6,
linearibus, apice acutis callosisque, 4-6 mm. longis; interioribus
lanceolatis, paulo longioribus. Flores ligulati circ. 8, flavi, ligula
elliptico-oblongi, apice integri vel acute 2- vel 3-denticulati, 1-1.5
cm. longi. Achaenia subnigra vel cinerea, supra brunnea, obcom-
pressa, exalata, utraque facie 8-sulcata, antrorsum hispida, saepe
tuberculata, linearia, paleas facile superantia, corpore exteriora 6-7
mm. longa et fere 2 mm. lata, interiora 7-9 mm. longa et 1-1.5 mm.
lata, omnia biaristata aristis retrorsum hamosis, 1.5-1.75 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Georg Volkens, No. 365, at altitude
of 1,400-1,500 meters, Kwa Kinabo, District of the Ngowe, Kiliman-
jaro, German East Africa, June 11, 1893 (Boiss.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality, Kilimanjaro,
German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Volkens 365 (type, Boiss.: cotypes, Berl.;
Brit.).
The type had been determined at Berlin as a form of Bidens
lineariloba Oliv. That species is a very different plant, having the
exterior involucral bracts 9-13, linear-lanceolate or even narrowly
linear, strongly attenuate above, finally more or less reflexed, 6-11
mm. long; also anomalous inner paleae, which are widely elliptic or
obovate or truncate, the apex conspicuously and to a great length
linearly elongated, surpassing the spreading-awned achenes. The
habit is that of Bidens Kirkii (Oliv. & Hiern) Sherff, but the fewer
1 The name Oniscus was taken in its restricted sense as used in modern Latin
by zoologists, rather than from the Greek.
THE GENUS BIDENS 561
heads of B. Hoffmannii, the shorter, more often lobed and less par-
allel-sided leaf divisions, and the retrorsely barbed awns of the longer
achenes distinguish it easily from B. Kirkii. The species was named
in honor of Dr. Otto Hoffmann, who not only studied this and other
material collected by Volkens, but during his lifetime1 contributed in
a most important way to knowledge of the African species of Bidens.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLI, FIGS, j-p
Bidens Hoffmannii: j, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.6;
k, exterior involucral bract, X3.6; Z, interior involucral bract, X3.6;
m, ray corolla, X3.6; n, palea, X3.6; o, disc floret, X3.6; p, achene,
X3.6; all from type.
174. Bidens Kirkii (Oliv. & Hiern) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
59: 309. 1915. PI. CXLV.
Coreopsis Kirkii Oliv. & Hiern in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 390. 1877.
Foliorum laminae segmentave linearia 1-3.3 mm. lata; involucri
bracteis exterioribus circ. 4 vel 5 B. Kirkii sensu stricto.
Foliorum laminae segmentave flagellaria sub 1 mm. lata; involucri
bracteis exterioribus circ. 8-10 var. 0. flagellata.
Suffruticosa, perennis, glaberrima, 3-5 dm. alta, infra ramosa
ramis ligneis et teretibus vel obsolete tetragonis. Folia tenuiter peti-
olata petiolis 1-3.3 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 3-7 cm. longa, inter-
dum (forsitan plerumque) in ramulis adbreviatis genita, trisecta
vel profunde tripartita, foliolis indivisis vel rursus tripartitis; seg-
mentis linearibus, integris, crassiusculis, apice acutis, margine non
ciliatis sed subrevolutis, 0.4-3.5 cm. longis et 1-3.3 mm. latis.
Capitula solitaria vel perpauca, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2-3.5 cm.
lata et 6-10 mm. alta, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis 1.5-8 (inter-
dum -15) cm. longis. Involucrum glabrum; bracteis exterioribus circ.
4 vel 5, anguste lateve linearibus, plerumque apicem versus orbi-
culato-dilatatis, non ciliatis, 4-5 mm. longis, interiores lanceolatas
fere aequantibus. Flores ligulati circ. 5, flavi, ligula obovati vel
lineari-oblanceolati, 1.5-1.7 cm. longi. Achaenia linearia, nigres-
centia, antrorsum hispida, corpore circ. 7 mm. longa, 1.2-1.6 mm.
lata, paleas non aequantia, biaristata aristis antrorsum hispidis, 2-3
mm. longis.
Type specimen : Collected by J. Kirk, at altitude of 900 meters,
Moramballa, Mozambique District, State of East Africa, December
30, 1855-1858 (Kew).
1 For an account of his life and work see P. Ascherson, Verb. Bot.
Ver. Brandenb. 51: 153. 1909; R. Muschler, ibid. 155.
562 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Distribution: Southern British East Africa southward through
German East Africa to Mozambique District of State of East Africa.
Specimens examined : R. .Dimmer 2641p.p., alt. 1,200 meters, grassy
hill slopes, "Kyabana" (Kyalana?), Nov., 1915 (U.S.) ; G.F. ScottElliot
6909, alt, 2,400 meters, Mt. Mau, British East Africa, 1893-1894
(Brit.; Kew); R. E. & T. C. E. Fries 571, alt. 2,300 meters, grassy
field, near Forest Station, British East Africa, December 30, 1921
(Kew); C. Hoist 913/, grass meadows, Kwa Mstuza, Distr. Usam-
bara, German East Africa, August, 1893 (Hamb.; Kew; U.S.);
F. J. Jackson, tropical eastern Africa, 1889 (Brit.); H. H. Johnston,
Nandi Plateau, British East Africa, communic. 1901 (Kew); J.
Kirk, alt. 900 meters, etc. (type, Kew); E. A. Mearns 1364 and 1418,
alt. about 3,630 meters, in "giant heath" zone, western slopes of
Mt. Kenia, British East Africa, September 21-27, 1909 (U.S.);
Domenico Riva (Exped. Eugenio Ruspoli) 1447 (1244), Biddumi,
Somaliland, September 12, 1893 (Flor.).
Bidens Kirkii var. ft. flagellata Sherff, Bull. Jard.
Bot. Brux. 13: 287. 1935.
Folia inferiora tripartita alia simplicia, 4-8 cm. longa, lamina
segmentisve flagellaribus sub 1 mm. latis. Capitula pansa ad
anthesin sub 2 cm. lata. Involucri purpureo-maculati bracteae
exteriores circ. 8-10, ad anthesin sub 3 mm. longae. Flores ligulati
circ. 8.
Type specimen: Collected by Muller, No. 50, Kitega, Ruanda,
north westernmost German East Africa, 1933 (Bruss.).
Distribution: Ruanda, German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Muller 50 (type, Bruss.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLV
Bidens Kirkii: a, flowering branch, X0.63; b, exterior involucral
bract, X3.13; c, interior involucral bract, X3.13; d, ray corolla,
Xl.88; e, palea, X3.13; /, disc floret, X3.13; g, achene, X3.5; h,
immature achene, X3.5; a-/, h, from type; g, from identical specimen
by Fred J. Jackson, tropical east Africa, 1889, in Hb. Brit.
175. Bidens musoziana Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 86: 445.
1928. PI. CXLVI.
Coreopsis arenicola S. L. Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc. 37: 170. 1905.
Bidens arenicola (S. L. Moore) Sherff, op. cit. 59: 309. 1915; non Gan-
doger, Fl. Lyon. 122. 1875.
THE GENUS BIDENS 563
Fruticulosa, erecta, crebro ramosa, ±4 dm. alta; caule glabro,
una cum ramulis puberulis gracili subquadrangulatoque. Folia parva,
petiolata petiolis 0.5-1 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 1-3 cm. longa,
pinnatim 5-partita vel bipinnatisecta ; lobis linearibus, integris,
supra moderate infra valde subadpresso-pilosis, apice acri induratis,
plerumque 0.5-1.5 mm. latis. Capitula ad apices ramulorum corym-
bos laxos oligocephalos formantia, pedunculata pedunculis gracilibus
et 2-5 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 1.4-2 cm. lata et 7-9
mm. alta. Involucrum pilosum; bracteis exterioribus circ. 8, anguste
lineari-oblongis, subacutis, 2-3 mm. longis; interioribus late lanceo-
latis, integris vel bifidis, 5-6 mm. longis. Flores ligulati circ. 8,
flavi, ligula oblongo-lanceolati, perspicue 11-nerves, apice integri,
1-1.3 cm. longi. Achaenia lineari-oblonga, obcompressa, brunneo-
nigra vel nigrescentia, inferne leviter ac gradatim attenuata, utraque
facie subtiliter costata, omnino circ. 16-sulcata, superne adrecte plus
minusve pilosa ac ciliata, corpore 6-8 mm. longa, plerumque aristata;
aristis 2, brevissimis, subcalvis vel perspicue adrecteque hispidulis,
0.1-0.7 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Arthur William Gerrard Bag-
shawe, in dry sand by Lake Victoria Nyanza, at Musozi,1 Uganda,
British East Africa, December 18 (not "12"), 1903-1904 (Brit.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Uganda, British
East Africa.
Specimens examined : Bagshawe, Musozi (type, Brit.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLVI
Bidens musoziana: a, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.66; 6,
leaf magnified to show pubescence, X0.66; c, exterior involucral
bract, X2.66; d, interior involucral bract, X2.66; g, h, disc florets,
X2.66; i (outer), j (inner), achenes, X2.66; all from type.
176. Bidens Mossii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 92: 202. 1931.
PI. CXLVII.
Coreopsis tripartita M. B. Moss, Kew Bull. 1929: 184 and 196. 1929.
Herba erecta, gracilis, forsan 3-6 dm. alta, caule ramisque sub-
teretibus glabris vel minute puberulis longitudinaliter striatis.
Folia breviter lato-petiolata petiolis 2-6 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto
circ. 2 cm. longa, tripartita; foliolis lineari-oblongis, glabris, apice
breviter mucronatis, integris vel terminali lateraliter 1-2-lobato,
marginibus plus minusve revolutis sed eciliatis, plerumque 1-2.5 mm.
1 Spelled also Msozi (Century Atlas, 1899).
564 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
latis. Capitula solitaria, terminalia, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculo
puberulo circ. 4.5-6 cm. longo, radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 2.2-
2.8 cm. lata et circ. 5.5-7 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae hispidae,
exteriores 10-14, lineari-oblongae, superne plus minusve dilatatae,
terminaliter submucronato-apiculatae, circ. 4-4.5 mm. longae, sub-
patentes; interiores oblongo-lanceolatae circ. 5-6 mm. longae. Flores
ligulati circ. 9-12, flavi, ligula late lineari-oblongi, apice subintegri
vel obscure 3-denticulati, 1-1.2 cm. longi. Achaenia deficientia;
ovariis obcompressis, exaristatis, truncatis.
Type specimen: Collected by Thomas Ford Chipp, No. 80, at
altitude of 3,000 meters, in meadows on Mt. Kinetti (Kineti),
Imatong Mountains, southern Sudan, February 11, 1929 (Kew).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in southern Sudan.
Specimens examined: Chipp 80 (type, Kew).
A species deceivingly like Bidens Whytei (which apparently had
not been studied by Miss Moss). From B. Whytei it appears to
differ in its larger and less dilated exterior involucral bracts, its
exaristate achenes, etc.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLVII
Bidens Mossii: a, b, flowering branches, X0.72; c, exterior invo-
lucral bract, X5.74; d, interior involucral bract, X5.74; e, ray corolla,
X4.31;/, g, paleae, X5.74; h, i, disc florets, X5.74; all from type.
177. Bidens Whytei Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 145. 1923.
PI. CXLVIII, figs. a-g.
Herba erecta, forsan annua (partem inferiorem non vidi), glabra,
verisimiliter 4-8 dm. alta, ramis angulatis. Folia subsessilia vel
petiolata petiolis latis ciliatis et 3-12 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto
1.5-4.5 cm. longa, superiora ac media (infima non vidi) ternati-
vel pinnatisecta, segmentis lineari-oblongis vel lineari-oblanceolatis,
integris, apice indurato-apiculatis, subcarnosis, margine plus minusve
revolutis spinuloso-ciliatisque, basi angustatis subangustatisve et
decurrentibus. Capitula longe ac tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis
5-21 cm. longis et nudis vel 1-3 foliolis foliolata, radiata, pansa ad
anthesin 2.5-3 cm. lata et 9-11 mm. alta. Involucrum inferne his-
pidum; bracteis exterioribus 7-9, brevibus, late spathulatis et supra
saepe orbiculato-dilatatis, apice obtuso apiculatis, sparsim ciliatis,
tan turn 2-3 mm. longis; interioribus oblongo-lanceolatis, 5-6 mm.
longis. Flores ligulati circ. 8, aurei, ligula elliptico-oblanceolati,
apice irregulariter dentati, 1-1.5 cm. longi. Achaenia (unum matu-
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXI
BIDENS GRANDIS Sherff
Of
ir
THE GENUS BIDENS 565
rum ac multa immatura vidi) linearia, obcompressa vel plana,
exalata, nigra, faciebus 16-sulcata, supra ad margines atque angulos
adrecte strigosa, corpora ±7 mm. longa, biaristata; aristis tenuibus,
retrorsum hamosis vel saepe sub medio 1-3 hamis suberectis abnor-
maliter munitis, circ. 2.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Alexander Whyte, near Nairobi,
British East Africa, received at Kew in August, 1903 (Kew).
Distribution: Known only from the vicinity of Nairobi, British
East Africa.
Specimens examined: Whyte, near Nairobi (type, Kew).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLVIII, FIGS. 0,-Q
Bidens Whytei: a, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.61; 6,
exterior involucral bract, X3.66; c, interior involucral bract, X3.66;
d, ray corolla, Xl.83; e, palea, X3.66;/, disc floret, X3.66; g, achene,
X 3.66; all from type.
178. Bidens gracilior (0. Hoffm.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 84. J923;
ibid. 81: 29. 1926. PI. CXLIX, figs. i-p.
Coreopsis exaristata var. gracilior O. Hoffm. in Engler, Pflanzenw.
Ost-Afr. C: 414. 1895.
Foliorum segmenta ultima linearia plerumque 1-1.5 mm. lata.
var. j8. ukerewensis.
Foliorum segmenta ultima ovato-lanceolata vel lanceolato-linearia.
B. gracilior sensu stricto.
Herba perennis, gracilis, erecta, 4-7 dm. alta, caule angulato,
ramoso. Folia petiolata petiolis tenuibus 0.5-2 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto 3.5-8 cm. longa, circumambitu triangulato-ovata, 1-2-
pinnatipartita; segmentis ovato-lanceolatis vel lanceolato-linearibus,
membranaceis, atropunctulatis, dentibus acerrime indurato-apicu-
latis. Capitula tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis 4-16 cm. longa,
radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2.5-4 cm. lata et 6-9 mm. alta. Involu-
crum glabratum vel moderate pubescens; bracteis exterioribus 6-8,
linearibus, acriter cartilagineo-apiculatis, 4.5-6.5 mm. longis, quam
interioribus lanceolatis plerumque paulo brevioribus. Flores ligu-
lati circ. 8, lutei, ligula elliptico-oblanceolati, apice obscure denti-
culati, 1.2-1.8 cm. longi. Achaenia linearia, obcompressa, atra,
supra erecto-setosa, exalata, 4.5-6 mm. longa et 0.6-1 mm. lata,
apice calva vel breviter biaristata aristis nudis vel retrorsum 1-
vel 2-hamosis et tantum circ. 0.2-0.3 mm. longis.
566 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Type specimen: Collected by Franz Ludwig Stuhlmann, No. 6403,
Maramo, Mkamba (Mgambo), District of Usaramo, German East
Africa, January, 1894 (Berl.).
Distribution: Near Indian Ocean Coast, easternmost German
East Africa.
Specimens examined: W. Holtz 406, sandy soil, light places,
Sachsenwald, Dar-es-Salaam, December 6, 1901 (Berl.) ; Stuhlmann
6403 (type, Berl.); idem 7584, Dar-es-Salaam, 1894 (Berl.); idem
8470, Dar-es-Salaam, September, 1894 (Berl.).
The two sheets of material (Stuhlmann 6403 and 7584) cited by
Otto Hoffmann for his var. gracilior differ from his species proper
(Coreopsis exaristata 0. Hoffm. = Bidens microcarpa Sherff) in having
the leaves less glandular-pubescent or sometimes even glabrate, their
divisions finer and much more acute or even acuminate, the involucre
less pubescent and the achenes not only 3-4 mm. long with all
except the innermost ones oblanceolate, but rather 4.5-6 mm.
long and all linear. The important achenial differences seem to have
been overlooked by Hoffmann.1 A specimen collected later by
Holtz (No. 406, Dar-es-Salaam, German East Africa, December 6,
1901) in the immediate vicinity of the type locality, Usaramo,2
agrees fairly well with the type as to foliage and involucre, and has
likewise longer achenes. These important characters of foliage and
achenes appear to entitle Hoffmann's variety to separate specific rank.
Bidens gracilior var. /3. ukerewensis Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 92: 203. 1931.
Folia bi-tripinnatipartita, segmentis ultimis linearibus moderate
adpresso-hispidis plerumque 1-1.5 mm. latis; achaeniis exterioribus
corpore circ. 4.5-5 mm. longis interioribus 6-7 mm. longis, omnibus
tenuiter biaristatis aristis 0.5-1 mm. longis apice retrorsum 1-4-
hamosis.
Type specimen: Collected by Carl Uhlig, No. 19, abundant along
the shore line of Lake Victoria Nyanza (Lake Ukerewe), Ukerewe,
German East Africa, April 20, 1904 (Berl.).
1 Many mature achenes on the type, Stuhlmann 6403, have 1 or 2 minute
aristae (0.2-0.3 mm. long) and several have these aristae retrorsely barbed with
1 or 2 barbs. Had Hoffmann noticed this character he certainly would have
remarked upon it, probably even referring his specimen not to Coreopsis but
to Bidens, since with him the retrorse-barb character was considered diagnostic
of the genus Bidens (cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 59: 305-308. 1915).
2 Spelled also Uzaramo (Century Atlas, 1899).
THE GENUS BIDENS 567
Distribution: Known only from type locality in northwestern
German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Uhlig 19 (type, Berl.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLIX, FIGS, i-p
Bidens gracilior: i (upper), j (lower), portions of flowering and
fruiting specimen, X0.6; k, exterior involucral bract, X3; I, interior
involucral bract, X3; ra, ray corolla, X2.4; n, palea, X3; o (outer),
p (inner), achenes, X3; all from type.
179. Bidens microcarpa Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 84. 1923.
PL CXLIX, figs. a-h.
Coreopsis exaristata 0. Hoffm. in Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 414.
1895.
Herba perennis, gracilis, dense glanduloso-pubescens, 4-15 dm.
alta, caule angulato, ramoso. Folia petiolata petiolis tenuibus 0.6-3
cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2.5-5.5 (-15) cm. longa, circumambitu
deltoidea vel triangulato-ovata, pinnatipartita ; segmentis 3-5, grosse
serratis vel pinnatifidis, membranaceis, atro-punctulatis. Capitula
tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis plerumque 3-5 cm. longis, pauca,
radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2.5-4 cm. lata et 6-8 mm. alta. Involucri
puberuli bracteae exteriores 6-8, lineares, obtuse indurato-apiculatae,
in capitulis juvenilibus patenti-reflexae, 4-6 mm. longae, quam
interiores lanceolatae fere vel circ. dimidio breviores. Flores ligulati
circ. 8, lutei, ligula oblongo-elliptici vel oblanceolati, apice rotundati
et obscure vel perspicue 3-dentati, 1.5-2 cm. longi. Achaenia
minima, obcompressa vel subtetragona, oblanceolata vel intima
linearia, atra, apice et sub apice erecto-setosa, saepe cupula minima
coronata, exalata, 3-4 mm. longa et 0.6-1.2 mm. lata, exaristata
vel rarius obsoletissime 1-2-aristata.
Type specimen: Collected by C. Hoist, No. 102, mountain
meadows, Usambara, German East Africa, October, 1891 (Berl.).
Distribution: German East Africa and Belgian Congo.
Specimens examined: Eick 265, Kwai, Usambara, 1900-1901
(Berl.); A. Engler 872a, alt. 1,140 meters, in eagle-fern formation at
Sangerawe above Monga, Belgian Congo, September 22, 1902 (Berl.) ;
C. Hoist 102 (type, Berl.); idem 207, on borders of plantations
("Pflanzungen"), Usambara, December, 1891 (Brit.); idem 5002,
alt. 1,100 meters, Usambara (Berl.); Meinhof 40, among low bushes,
Bumbuli, Usambara, December 16, 1902 (Berl.); Frau Hauptmann
Prince, alt. 1,600 meters, Utschungwe Mountains, Uhehe Distr.,
1899 (Berl.).
568 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
From most African species of Bidens this is easily distinguished
by its minute achenes. The absence of wings as well as of any other
distinctly Coreopsoid character made the transfer to Bidens seem
advisable.
The habitat is in the tropical forest up to 1,600 meters or more in
the mountains, ploughed-up areas in the virgin forest, low bush,
edges of plantings, etc.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLIX, FIGS, d-k
Bidens microcarpa: a, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.6; b,
larger cauline leaf, X0.6; c, exterior involucral bract, X3; d, interior
involucral bract, X3; e, ray corolla, X2.4; /, palea, X3; g (outer),
h (inner), achenes, X3; a, c-h, from type; 6, from Hoist 207, in
Jib. Brit.
180. Bidens palustris Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 148. 1923.
PI. CL, figs. a-g.
Herba gracilis, erecta, verisimiliter perennis; caulibus plus
minusve quadrangularibus, hinc illinc minute hispidis, circ. 5-6 dm.
altis. Folia petiolata petiolis 5-12 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto 1.5-6
cm. longa, 1-2 (raro -4)-pinnata, segmentis linearibus, faciebus
glabris, margine sparsim ciliatis, apice acutis, 0.5-1.2 mm. latis et
plerumque 1-2 cm. longis. Capitula tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis
5-10 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 2.5 cm. lata et 6-8
mm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores circ. 6, lineares, ciliatae, non
aliter nisi sparsim basi pubescentes, apicem versus non conspicue
dilatatae, apice acutae, 3-4 mm. longae; interiores lanceolatae, circ.
6-7 mm. longae. Flores ligulati circ. 6, lutei vel fusco-lutei, ligula
anguste elliptici, apice acriter dentati, circ. 1-1.2 cm. longi. Achaenia
immatura circumambitu triangulato-linearia, obcompressa, deorsum
ex apice angustata, atra, glabra vel ad apicem sparsim erecto-hispida,
corpore adhuc circ. 3 mm. longa et 0.8 mm. lata, biaristata aristis
1.5-2 mm. longis et retrorsum hamosis. Planta Bidenti Kirkii habitu
valde similis sed ligulis, involucri bracteis exterioribus, achaeniis,
patria, etc., differt.
Type specimen: Collected by T. Kassner, No. 2599, in swamps,
Kundelungu, Belgian Congo, March 13, 1908 (Berl.).
Distribution: From region of the Kundelungu Mountains, south-
eastern Belgian Congo, northeastward to region of Mt. Kenia,
British East Africa.
Specimens examined : Karl Braun 1341, Orero-Knewa Kionidje,
German East Africa, May, 1906 (Berl.); W. J. Dowson 630, alt.
?ield Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI. Plate CLXXII
B1DENS CORIACEA (O. Hoffm.) Sherff
OF Tht
THE GENUS BIDENS 569
2,100 meters, stony ground at river's edge, Guaso Narok, Distr.
Likipia (Leikipia), northeast slope of Mt. Aberdares, British East
Africa (Kew); G. F. S. Elliot 6484, alt. 1,800 meters, Ukamba, British
East Africa (Brit.); Rudolph Endlich 142, alt. 1,600 meters, bush
steppe, Kilimanjaro, German East Africa (Berl.); J. W. Gregory,
Guaso Nairotia, Distr. Likipia, British East Africa, 1893 (Brit.);
idem, Guaso Larok, Likipia, 1893 (Brit.); idem, Guaso Laschau,
Likipia, 1893 (Brit.); R. L. Harger', alt. 2,400 meters, Elgeyo Escarp-
ment, Eldoret Distr., British East Africa, communic. 1926 (Brit.;
forma foliis 3-4-pinnatis) ; Kassner 2599 (type, Berl.).
In 1908, T. Kassner spent at least several weeks among and
around the Kundelungu Mountains, southwest of Lake Moero, in
southeastern Belgian Congo. Among his plants received at the
Botanical Garden of Berlin were no fewer than four new species of
Bidens and Coreopsis.1 Besides these he collected (Kassner 2710)
the violet-rayed Bidens urceolata DeWild., described previously
(Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. IV. 1: 167. 1903) from a specimen (No. 464)
obtained in 1900 by Verdick at Lukafu, a locality in this same
region; also (Kassner 2859a) the red-rayed Bidens rubra DeWild.,
described more recently (Repert. Sp. Nov. 13: 203. 1914) from
specimens (J. Bequaert 389, Homble 563) obtained at Welgelegen.
DeWildeman (Ann. Mus. Congo IV. 2: 169. 1913) has referred this
plant to Bidens Kirkii (Oliv. & Hiern) Sherff (Coreopsis Kirkii
Oliv. & Hiern). A study of various specimens of Bidens Kirkii in
European herbaria, however, shows several pronounced distinctions.
Bidens Kirkii's rays are light yellow, not dark or brownish orange-
yellow; its exterior involucral bracts are mostly obtuse at the apex
and below the apex noticeably dilated ; its immature achenes are not
widest at the apex as in S. palustris, nor are they practically glabrous,
and their aristae are upwardly hispid, with numerous weak hairs,
not downwardly barbed with a few spinulose hooks; finally, B.
Kirkii does not appear from collectors' data to be a swamp-inhabiting
species as B. palustris was observed to be.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CL, FIGS. 0,-Q
Bidens palustris: a, flowering specimen, X0.64; b, exterior invo-
lucral bract, Xo.15; c, interior involucral bract, X5.15; d, ray corolla,
X2.57; e, palea, X5.15; /, disc floret, X5.15; g, submature achene,
X5.15; all from type.
1 Bidens palustris, B. leptolepis, Coreopsis scabrifolia, and C. leptoglossa.
570 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
181. Bidens Schlechteri Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 146. 1923.
PL CLI, figs. a-4.
Coreopsis Schlechteri (Sherff) Burtt Davy, Kew Bull. 1935: 568. 1935.
Herba glabra, gracilis, 5-9 dm. alta; caule parce ramoso, subte-
tragono, perspicue sulcato. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.7-1.5 cm. longis,
petiolo adjecto 5-10 cm. longa, parce membranacea, pinnata vel
bipinnata; segmentis linearibus 1.5-4 mm. latis (terminal! usque ad
5 cm. longo), margine glabris vel breviter et inconspicue ciliatis,
saepe revolutis, apice acuto induratis. Capitula pauca, tenuiter
pedunculata pedunculis usque ad 16 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad
anthesin 3-4.5 cm. lata et 7-9 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteri-
ores 5-8, lineares, basi hispidae, apice indurato obtusae vel acutae,
4-7 mm. longae; interiores lanceolatae, paulo longiores. Flores
ligulati 6-8, flavi, ligula elliptico-ovati, 13-20-striati, apice integri
vel obscure denticulati, 1.5-2 cm. longi. Achaenia nigro-brunnea,
valde obcompressa, late oblongo-linearia, utrinque angustata vel
moderatim linearia, faciebus leviter sed marginibus apiceque dense
erecto-hispida, non vere alata, corpore 5-7 mm. longa et 1.4-2 mm.
lata, biaristata; aristis circ. 1.5 mm. longis, plerumque nudis rariter
ad apicem una spinula vel erecta vel retrorsa munitis.
Type specimen: Collected by Rudolph Schlechter, No. 4745, at
altitude of 1,500 meters, on mountain slope, Houtboschberg, Pieters-
burg District, Transvaal, March 30, 1894 (Berl., 2 sheets).
Distribution: Transvaal and northward into German East Africa.
Specimens examined: (Distrib.) H. G. Breyer (Transvaal Mus.
Herb. No.} 19567 (leg. Louis Trichardt?), Zoulpansberg, Transvaal,
February, 1919 (Kew) ; C. Hoist 2146, Gombelo-Schamben, February,
1893 (Kew; forma capitulis minoribus); Moss & Rogers 283, The
Downs, Pietersburg, Transvaal, November 17 (Brit.); F. A. Rogers
20104, Pietersburg Distr., Transvaal (Kew); Schlechter 4745 (type
and cotype, Berl.); George Thorncroft (herb. No.) 11275, alt. 840
meters, on veldt, Elands Valley, Barberton Distr., Transvaal,
April, 1915 (Kew).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLI, FIGS, a-4
Bidens Schlechteri: a, flowering branch, X0.6; b, lower cauline leaf,
X0.6; c, exterior involucral bract, X2.4; d, interior involucral bract,
X2.4; e, ray corolla, Xl.8;/, palea, X2.4; g, disc floret, X2.4; h, i,
achenes, X3.6; all from 2 type sheets.
182. Bidens kivuensis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 96: 145. 1934.
Bidens Steppia var. Humbertii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 96: 146. 1934.
THE GENUS BIDENS 571
Achaenia exaristata vel minutissime aristata
B. kivuensis sensu stricto.
Achaenia perspicue biaristata var. /3. armata.
Herba nunc basi suffruticosa forsan perennis, nunc manifeste
herbacea atque annua, usque ad 2 m. alta, erecte ramosa, caule ramis-
que subtetragonis sparsissime hispidis setis articulatis. Folia
petiolata petiolis tenuibus ±1.5 cm. longis hispidis setis patentibus
pluriloculatis, petiolo adjecto 6-9 cm. longa, 2-3-pinnatisecta, seg-
mentis ultimis lineari- vel lanceolato-oblongis membranaceis supra
adpresse infra saepius patente hispidis acriter dentatis dentibus
mucronatis sed non in setas productis. Capitula corymbose ad
ramorum fines 3-5-adgregata pedicellis tenuibus pilosis setis patenti-
bus subalbis pluriloculatis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin ±4.5 cm. lata
et ±8 mm. alta. Involucri albido-hispidi bracteae exteriores circ. 8,
oblongo-lineares, mediane 1-nervatae nervo atro, apice acutae, circ.
4-7.5 mm. longae, quam interiores oblongo-ovatae moderate longi-
ores. Flores ligulati plerumque 8, flavi, ligula oblanceolate lineari-
oblongi, apice integri, ±2.2 cm. longi. Paleae lineari-oblongae, circ.
5-6 mm. longae. Flores tubulosi tubo (ac corollae lobis aurantiacis)
sparsim patenti-pilosi. Achaenia submatura plana, lineari-oblonga,
anguste marginata, faciebus marginibusque inferne glabrata superne
erecto-setosa, ±5.5 mm. longa et circ. 1.5 mm. lata, paleas superantia,
apice erecte setosa et exaristata vel minutissime biaristata aristis
glabris.
Type specimen : Collected by Jean Lebrun, No. 5467, a somewhat
suffrutescent herb about 2 meters high, on savanna at 1,720 meters
altitude, Mulungu, Belgian Congo, May, 1932 (first and second sheets,
Terv.; third sheet, Field).
Distribution: Northeastern Belgian Congo.
Specimens examined : Boutakoff 6, alt. 1,700-1,900 meters, basin
of Nyagezi and neighboring mountains, September-October, 1929
(Bruss.); idem 14, eodem loco et tempore (Bruss.); idem 39, eodem
loco et tempore (Bruss.); idem 88, alt. 1,800-2,000 meters, Mt.
Nyidunga, west of Nyagezi, between Ngezi and Ngweso, September,
1929 (Bruss.); H. Humbert 7593, alt. 2,400-2,790 meters, Biega Mts.,
west of Lake Kivu, eastern Belgian Congo, March, 1929 (Bruss.,
type of B. Steppia var. Humbertii Sherff) ; Lebrun 5467 (first and
second type sheets, Terv.; third type sheet, Field); Walter Robyns
2280, alt. 1,800 meters, grassy savanna, between Gsare and Mur-
annya, May 22, 1926 (Bruss., 2 sheets).
572 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens kivuensis var. 0. armata Sherff, Bull. Jard.
Bot. Brux. 13: 287. 1935.
A specie achaeniis biaristatis aristis tenuibus antrorsum hispi-
dulis circ. 2 mm. longis differt.
Type specimen: Collected by Boutakoff, No. 57, at altitude of
1,700-1,900 meters, basin of Nyagezi and neighboring mountains,
Belgian Congo, middle of September to beginning of October, 1929
(Bruss.).
Distribution: District of Great Lakes, northeastern Belgian
Congo.
Specimens examined : Boutakoff 57 (type, Bruss.).
183. Bidens Mildbraedii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 91: 308.
1931. PI. CLII.
Herba perennis e radice lignescenti, erecta, probabiliter 7-12
dm. alta, ramis fastigiato-erectis; caule ramisque atropurpureis,
glabris, angulato-teretibus vel subtetragonis. Folia petiolo adjecto
0.7-1.7 dm. longa, nunc indivisa, linearia, 2-7 mm. lata, superne ad
apicem acerrimum sensim elongato-attenuata inferne in petiolum
marginatum 2-3.5 cm. longum angustata; nunc supra petiolum
utrinque anguste 1-lobata lobo tenuiter lineari 1-3 cm. longo et
0.5-2 mm. lato; nunc pinnatim 3- vel 5-partita, foliolis linearibus 1^4
mm. latis, inferioribus interne saepe rursus 1-lobatis, petiolo tenui
2-4 cm. longo; laminis segmentisve membranaceis, supra glabris
infra glabris vel debiliter adpresso-hispidis, marginaliter parce sub-
revolutis sed hispido-ciliatis. Capitula corymbosa, tenuiter pedun-
culata pedunculis superne dense pilosis pilis patentibus, radiata,
pansa ad anthesin circ. 2.8-3.4 cm. lata et 8-12 mm. alta. Involucri
bracteae inferne valde superne debiliter hispidae; exteriores 8-10,
lineari-oblongae, apice indurato-nitidae et saepius obtusae, 6-16 mm.
longae; interiores ovatae, 6-9 mm. longae. Flores ligulati circ. 8,
sicci atroflavi, lineari-oblongi, circ. 1-1.3 cm. longi et circ. 2-3.5 mm.
lati, apice profunde acriterque lobulati lobulis 1-3 mm. longis. Paleae
lineari-oblongae, subtiles, apice obtusae, demum 7-9 mm. longae et
circ. 1 mm. latae. Achaenia lineari-oblonga, plana, brunneo-atra,
utraque facie circ. 8-sulcata, faciebus marginibusque erecto-hispida,
nunc parva, corpore 4.5-6 mm. longa et circ. 0.6-0.8 mm. lata, apice
valde erecto-setosa et biaristata aristis erectis vel suberectis basaliter
antrorsum hispidis aliter nudis 0.8-1.3 mm. longis; nunc majora,
corpore 7-9 mm. longa et 1-1.6 mm. lata, apice subsetosa et biaris-
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXIII
BIDENS CRATAEGIFOLIA (O. Hoffm.) Sherfl
ftf
THE GENUS BIDENS 573
tata aristis patentibus inaequaliter 0.5-1 mm. longis, nudis vel
basaliter rarius erecto-setosis.
Type specimen: Collected by Johannes Mildbraed, No. 9777, at
altitude of about 1,000 meters, Buar, Kamerun, July, 1914 (Kew).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in the Kamerun.
Specimens examined: Mildbraed 9386, alt. about 1,000 meters,
Buar, May, 1914 (Kew); idem 9777 (type, Kew).
The two sheets examined are of material collected two months
apart. The first sheet has two plants, collected in May. One has a
sterile, leafy stem about 2.7 dm. tall; the other has a sterile stem
about 2.4 dm. tall and a fertile stem about 6.2 dm. tall, bearing three
fruiting heads. The leaves are of the more compound type and offer
a strong superficial resemblance to those of the North American
Coreopsis Delphinifolia Lam. The exterior involucral bracts are
equal to or a fourth or third shorter than the interior ones. The
achenes are the larger ones of the Latin description.
The second or type sheet bears material of a much better devel-
oped plant (or plants), collected in July. About two dozen heads
are present. The leaves are simple or laterally 2-lobed. The exterior
involucral bracts tend to greatly exceed the interior ones. The
achenes are the smaller ones of the Latin description.
As these differences appear to be of a seasonal nature, it seems
inadvisable to attempt any varietal distinction of one form from
the other.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLII
Bidens Mildbraedii: a, b, c, portions of sterile and fruiting speci-
mens, X0.63; d, exterior involucral bract, X4.41; e, interior involucral
bract, X4.41; /, ray corolla, X3.15; g, palea, X4.41; h, disc floret,
X6.3; i, j, achenes, X4.41; all from Mildbraed 9386, in Hb. Kew.
184. Bidens Bequaertii DeWild. Repert. Sp. Nov.
13: 204. 1914. PL CLIII.
Herba glabra, e radice lignea et verisimiliter perennis, gracilis,
ramosa ramis suberectis plus minusve tetragonis, usque ad 6.5 dm.
alta. Folia petiolata petiolis alatis 0.5-3 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto
4-6 (rarius -9.5) cm. longa, inferiora 2- vel 3-pinnatisecta, superiora
pinnatisecta vel tripartita, lobis linearibus usque ad 2.5 mm. latis,
margine recurvatis, apice acriter mucronatis. Capitula solitaria
ramos terminantia, pedunculata pedunculis tenuibus usque ad 13.5
cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 3-4.5 cm. lata et 9-12 mm.
574 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores 5-7, interdum breves, elliptico-
subobtusae, glabrae vel sparsim pilosae, 3-5 (demum etiam -8) mm.
longae, interferes oblongo-oblanceolatae 5-7 (demum etiam -9) mm.
longae. Flores ligulati 5-7, lutei, ligula anguste elliptic! vel lineares,
circ. 2-3 mm. lati, apice 2-3-dentati, usque ad 2.2 cm. longi. Achae-
nia subrobusta, obcompressa, crasso-linearia, glabra, atra, utraque
facie circ. 8-striata, corpore 9-13 mm. longa et 1-1.5 mm. lata,
paleas maturas aequantia vel superantia, apice truncate 2- vel 3-
aristata aristis suberectis retrorsum hamosis 3-4.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Joseph Bequaert, No. 270, at Elisa-
bethville, Katanga, Belgian Congo, March, 1912 (Bruss., 2 sheets).
Distribution: Known only from Katanga, Belgian Congo.
Specimens examined: Bequaert 270 (type, Bruss., 2 sheets);
Corbisier (Homble) 605, Welgelegen, Katanga, 1912 (Bruss.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLIII
Bidens Bequaertii: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.63;
6, exterior involucral bract, X2.5; c, interior involucral bract, X2.5;
d, ray corolla, X2.5; e, palea, X2.5; /, disc floret, X2.5; g, achene,
X 2. 5; all from 2 type sheets.
185. Bidens Hildebrandtii 0. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb.
20: 234. 1894. PI. CLIV.
Suffruticosa, glaberrima, sparsim ramosa ramis teretibus, circ. 2
m. alta. Folia tenuiter petiolata petiolis ±1.5 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto ±8 cm. longa, circumambitu ovata, bipinnatisecta segmentis
ultimis oblongis, acutissimis, membranaceis, nigro-punctatis. Capi-
tula in panicula laxa corymbosa oligocephala bracteata disposita,
pedunculata pedunculis gracilibus 3-10 cm. longis, radiata, pansa
ad anthesin 4-5 cm. lata et 1-1.3 cm. alta. Involucri glabri bracteae
exteriores circ. 5, reflexae, lineares, moderate acutae, 4-7 mm. longae;
interiores late lanceolatae, multo majores. Flores ligulati 6-8, lutei,
ligula oblongo-oblanceolati, apice denticulati, 2-2.5 cm. longi.
Achaenia lineari-oblonga, obcompressa, faciebus glabrata et 6-8-
sulcata sed non costa mediana instructa, marginibus antrorsum
spinuloso-ciliata, atra, corpore circ. 1.5 cm. longa et 1 mm. lata,
biaristata; aristis late patentibus, gracilibus, primum plerumque
retrorsum hamosis, demum fere omnibus antrorsum hamosis,
longissimis (5-6.5 mm.).
Type specimen: Collected by J. M. Hildebrandt, No. 2432, at
altitude of 600-900 meters, Taita (Teita) Mountains, British East
Africa, February, 1877 (Berl.).
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXIV
BIDENS KILIMANDSCHARICA (O. Hoffm.) Sherff
Of Tft
THE GENUS BIDENS 575
Distribution: Known only from type locality, Taita Mountains,
British East Africa.
Specimens examined: A. P. Grenfell, alt. 600 meters, Taita Hills
(Kew); Hildebrandt 2432 (type, Berl.: cotypes, Brit.; Kew; Mus.
V.;U.V.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLIV
Bidens Hildebrandtii: a, flowering branch, X0.69; b, exterior
involucral bract, X3.47; c, interior involucral bract, X3.47; d, ray
corolla, X2.08; e, palea, X3.47; /, disc floret, X4.16; all from type.
186. Bidens magnifolia Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 390,
pi. 4- 1930. PI. CLV.
Coreopsis frondosa 0. Hoffm. in Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C. 414.
1899.
Herba perennis elata 1-3 m. alta caule ramisque glabris vel etiam
hispidis valde striatis saepius atro-subpurpurascentibus. Folia
tenuiter petiolata petiolis 1-4 (-7) cm. longis, petiolo adjecto
6-15 (-26) cm. longa, circumambitu ovata, pinnatipartita ; seg-
mentis ovatis vel saepius late lanceolatis, grosse serratis vel infimis
pinnatifidis, numerosissime glanduloso-punctatis, nunc tantum infra
secundum nervos pilosis nunc utrinque molliter hispidis, plerumque
1-4 cm. latis. Capitula laxe disposita, tenuiter pedunculata pedun-
culis glabratis usque ad 2 dm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin
4-5.5 cm. lata et 1-1.2 cm. alta. Involucri bracteae aequilon-
gae; exteriores circ. 8-12, lineari-lanceolatae vel late lineari-
oblongae, herbaceae, dorso marginibusque saepe hispidae, saepe
refiexae, 8-12 mm. longae et 1.5-3.5 mm. latae; interiores ovato-
oblongae, apicaliter pubescentes. Flores ligulati 8, flavi, ligula
oblongi vel obovati apice saepe acriter 2-3-dentati, 2-2.6 cm. longi
et 0.6-1.4 cm. lati. Achaenia lineari-oblonga, obcompressa, dorso
saepe subcarinata ventre circ. 8-sulcato plana sed nervo mediano
tenui percursa, duabus faciebus praecipue supra erecto-setosa, exa-
lata vel subalata, marginibus stramineis brunneisve erecto-setosa,
corpore 4.5-7 mm. longa et circ. 1.1 mm. lata, apice setoso biaristata;
aristis divergentibus, tenuibus, apicem versus 1-6 hamis retrorsum
vel saepe (interdum etiam in eodem capitulo) antrorsum hamosis,
1-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by C. Hoist, No. 2252, distributed
everywhere in clearings and growing 2-3 meters high, at Kwa Kiniarri,
Nderema, German East Africa, February 23, 1893 (Berl.).
Distribution: German East Africa.
576 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Specimens examined: Albers 204, growing 2-3 meters high at
1,600 meters alt., forest margins and burned-over areas, Kwai,
October 22, 1899 (Berl.) ; Anon. [cf. Eick] 56, growing up to 2 meters
high, in bush- and grassland, Kwai, September, 1899 (Berl.); Braun
671, Amani, May 12, 1905 (Berl., 2 sheets) ; idem 2682, Lutindi, eastern
Usambara, August 15, 1909 (Berl.); J. Buchwald 263, growing 2.5
meters high at margin of litoral forest, Moop, Usambara, December
20, 1895 (Berl.); Eick 56, alt. 1,750 meters, "even now growing on
the steppes," bush- and grassland, September 6, 1899 (Berl.; vix
typica); A. Haarer 1471, alt. about 1,650 meters, Suji, Pari District,
August, 1928 (Kew); Hoist 2252 (type, Berl.: cotype, Hamb.);
idem 9149a, in high forest clearings, Kwa Mstuza, Usambara,
August 17, 1893 (Berl.; Hamb.; Kew); Houy 57 (Exped. Hans Meyer
No. 1190), growing 1-2 meters high, Nsogiro Mts., Ussagara, Distr.
Kilossa, Morogoro, November-December, 1911 (Berl.); Munzner
(Exped. Captain Fromm) 35, growing 2 meters high along streams,
Langenburg, July 30, 1908 (Berl.); H. J. Schlieben 74, north of the
upper Ruhudje, Prov. Lupembe, January, 1931 (Bruss. 2 sheets);
Stuhlmann 8912, alt. 1,400 meters, Kibungo, Uluguru, October 20,
1894 (Berl.); idem 9265, Uluguru, November 20, 1894 (Berl.);
Warnecke 63, growing 1.5 meters high on prairie-like mountain
slopes and in all forest clearings, alt. 700-900 meters, Amani (Berl. ;
Kew) ; Albrecht Zimmermann 63, alt. 900 meters, Amani, December,
1902 (Berl., 2 sheets).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLV
Bidens magnifolia: a, flowering branch, X0.53; b, exterior in-
volucral bract, X3.15; c, interior involucral bract, X3.15; d, ray
corolla, X2.63; e, palea, X3.15; /, disc floret, X3.15; g (outer),
h (inner), achenes, X4.2; a-/, from type; g, h, from Albers 204, in
Hb. Berl.
187. Bidens Taylori (S. L. Moore) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
59: 309. 1915. PI. CL, figs. h-o.
Coreopsis Taylori S. L. Moore, Journ. Bot. 44: 22. 1906.
Verisimiliter perennis, erecta, ±1 m. alta; caulibus solitariis vel
pluribus, subvalidis, demum denudatis; ramulis gracillimis et saepe
irregulariter arcuatis, elongatis ac distanter foliosis, glaberrimis.
Folia tenuiter petiolata petiolis 0.4-3 cm. (vel ultra) longis, petiolo
adjecto 3-7 cm. longa, ab inflorescentia plus minusve remota, mem-
branacea, alte bipinnatifida; segmentis ultimis late linearibus, apice
acutis, glaberrimis sed glandulis nigris copiose instructis, non ciliatis,
THE GENUS BIDENS 577
0.5-2.5 mm. latis. Capitula in cymis elongatis oligocephalisque
digesta (pedunculis propriis 4-10 cm. vel ultra longis, gracilibus
glabrisque), radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 2-2.5 cm. lata et 6-8
mm. alta. Involucrum basi parce hispidulum; bracteis exterioribus
circ. 8, linearibus, glabris vel basi ciliatis, acutis, 3-5 mm. longis;
interioribus oblongo-lanceolatis, circ. 7 mm. longis. Flores ligulati
circ. 8, exsiccati lutei, viventes dicti aurantiaci (a Gossweilero),
ligula late oblongi, apice plerumque 3-denticulati, circ. 1.3 cm. longi.
Achaenia lineari-oblonga vel lineari-clavata, obcompressa, utraque
facie circ. 8-sulcata, nigrescentia, dimidio superiore vel etiam fere
usque ad basim setis adscendentibus eximie tuberculato-scabrida,
corpore 5-7.5 mm. longa et 0.8-1.2 mm. lata, apice calva vel setuloso-
ciliata et saepe aristulis 1 vel 2 brevibus instructa; aristulis erecto-
vel patenti- vel etiam recurvo-uncinulatis, vel saepe vero nudis, usque
ad 1 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by W. E. Taylor, in the bed of a tor-
rent in a ravine at Rabai, Seyidie Province, British East Africa, Janu-
ary 5, 1886 (Brit.).
Distribution: Equatorial Africa from east to west coasts.
Specimens examined: John Gossweiler 3165, Cutchi River near
the fort, Cutchi, Angola, May 4, 1901 (Brit.); Taylor, in torrent bed
in a ravine, Rabai, etc. (type, Brit.).
Moore describes this species as "verisimiliter perennis." Goss-
weiler's label says "like perennial." While perhaps having a peren-
nial root, the plant has somewhat the aspect of an annual. Its tall
habit and smooth, very delicate, elongate, wiry branches, characters
especially well marked in Gossweiler's plant, are distinctive. The
heads look much like those of Bidens Kirkii (0. & H.) Sherff .
The remarkably discontinuous distribution displayed by B.
Taylori in its occurrence, so far as at present known, only at or near
the opposite coasts of Africa, led at first to my suspecting that the
species might prove to be only a form of some older and better known
species. It has been impossible, however, to find justification for
reducing B. Taylori to synonymy with any other species.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CL, FIGS, h-0
Bidens Taylori: h, leaf, X0.64; i, portion of leaf, enlarged to show
glands, X3.2;j, exterior involucral bract, X5.15; k, interior involucral
bract, X5.15; I, ray corolla, X2.56; ra, palea, X5.15; n, disc floret,
X 5.15 ; o, achene, X 5.15 ; all from type.
578 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
188. Bidens Elliotii (S. L. Moore) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
59: 309. 1915. PI. CLVI, figs. i-p.
Coreopsis Elliotii S. L. Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc. 35: 346. 1902; cf.
Muschler, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr. Afr. Exped. 1907-
1908,2:381. 1911.
Bidens amoena Sherff, op. cit. 76: 144. 1923.
Frutex perennis, adscendens vel erectus, nunc 4-10 dm. nunc
etiam usque ad 2 m. altus; caule glabro, obtuse tetgragono, demum
fistuloso ac plus minusve stramineo-colorato, creberrime folioso,
supra ramoso. Folia sessilia vel subtenuiter petiolata petiolis 1-4.5
cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 3-10 (vel etiam -17) cm. longa, bi- vel
tripinnatisecta ; segmentis vel lobulis anguste linearibus, apicem
versus primum sensim demum saepe subabrupte angustatis, acutis-
sime indurato-apiculatis vel rarissime dente in setam subtransfor-
mato munitis, parce hispidulis ac hispidulo-ciliatis, glandulis minutis
numerosis conspersis, supra satis viridibus infra pallidioribus, 0.5-3
mm. latis. Capitula mediocria laxe corymboua, pedunculata pedun-
culis mox puberulis 1-7 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 3-5.5
cm. longa et 7-11 mm. alta. Involucrum glabrum vel basi hispidum;
bracteis exterioribus 8-12, comparate elongatis, superne angustatis,
saepe acutis, squarroso-reflexis, 5.5-11 mm. longis, quam interi-
oribus oblongo-lanceolatis lutescenti-marginatis paulo brevioribus
vel saepe paulp longioribus. Flores ligulati 8-14, flavi, ligula obo-
vato-oblongi vel lineari-oblanceolati, 10-13 striis percursi, styliferi,
apice integri 1.2-3 cm. longi; ovario anguste recteque oblongo,
corpore 3-4 mm. longo, bi- vel tri- (forsan interdum quadri-) aris-
tato aristis sursum setulosis et 0.3-0.6 mm. longis. Achaenia lineari-
oblonga, obcompresso-tetragona vel subplana, subpallide grisea vel
griseo-nigrescentia, debiliter striata omnino 16 striis, faciebus summis
et marginibus adrecte tuberculato-setosa, corpore 5-8 mm. longa et
0.9-1.3 mm. lata, apice setosa et biaristata; aristis tenuibus, antror-
sum setulosis, 1-2.6 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by G. F. Scott Elliot, No. 7724, in open
places at altitude of about 2,880 meters, Kivata, vicinity of Mt.
Ruwenzori, eastern equatorial Africa, May, 1893-1894 (Brit.).
Distribution: Vicinity of Mt. Ruwenzori southward to Lake
Kivu region, east equatorial Africa.
Specimens examined: Joseph Bequaert 3685, alt. about 2,300
meters, Butagu, Mt. Ruwenzori, April 15, 1914 (Bruss.); idem 4461,
alt. about 2,500 meters, Lanuri, Mt. Ruwenzori, May 24, 1914
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXV
b a f
BIDENS VOLKENSII O. Hoffm.
OF Tlk
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 579
(Bruss., 2 sheets); J. Claessens, between Shangugu and Usambara,
1925 (Bruss., 2 sheets) ; idem, sine loco, 1929 (Bruss., 2 sheets) ; M. T.
Dawe 582, alt. 2,100 meters, Distr. Ruwenzori, Uganda, British
East Africa, 1905 (Kew) ; DeWitte 1895, Tropical East Africa, Sep-
tember 5, 1934 (Bruss.); W. G. Doggett, alt. 2,400 meters, Mt. Ru-
wenzori, communic. 1901 (Kew; type of Bidens amoena Sherff);
Elliot 7724 (type, Brit.: cotype, Kew); idem 8018, among heather,
alt. about 2,700 meters, Butagu, Mt. Ruwenzori, July, 1893-1894
(Kew); H. Humbert 7843, alt. 1,460-2,000 meters, between lakes
Kivu and Edouard, Belgian Congo, April-May, 1929 (Mus. Cong.,
2 sheets); idem 8479, alt. 2,200-2,700 meters, mountains, Ruanda,
northwestern German East Africa, May, 1929 (Bruss.); Johannes
Mildbraed 1386, alt. 3,000 meters, Ninagongo, Kissenye, Lake Kivu
region, May 20, 1907 (Berl., 2 sheets); idem 1676, alt. 2,600 meters,
among bamboos in mountain meadows, abundant in the heath
formation, Sabyino (Sabinjo, Sabinio)-Kahinga Ridge, northeast of
Lake Kivu, end of November, 1907 (Berl., 3 sheets); idem 1834, alt.
2,200 meters (fide Muschleri loc. cit.), Mt. Muhavura, northeast of
Lake Kivu, December, 1907 (Berl., 2 sheets); H. Scaetta 197, alt.
3,000 meters, Mt. Muhavura (Bruss.); A. F. R. Wollaston, alt. 2,100
meters, Mt. Ruwenzori, January 29, 1906 (Brit.).
B. Elliotii was described originally from very mature, fruiting
material, B. amoena from flowering specimens with scarcely mature
achenes. The description of B. Elliotii has here been amended some-
what to include B. amoena.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLVI, FIGS, i-p
Bidens Elliotii: i, terminal portion of cauline leaf, X0.61; j,
lateral leaflet of cauline leaf, X0.61; k, exterior involucral bract,
Xl.83; I, interior involucral bract, Xl.83; m, ray floret, Xl.83; n,
palea, Xl.83; o, disc floret, X2.44; p, submature achene, X3.66; all
from W.G. Doggett, alt. 2,400 meters, Mt. Ruwenzori (type of Bidens
amoena Sherff), in Hb. Kew.
189. Bidens Phalangiphylla Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
76: 152. 1923. PL CLVI, figs. a-h.
Herba gracilis, forsan perennis, parce erecta, glabra, usque ad
1 m. alta, caule tetragono, ramoso. Folia longe tenuiterque petiolata
petiolis 1.5-4.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 9-15 cm. longa, bipinnati-
secta; segmentis primariis paucis remotisque, lateralibus tenuiter
petiolulatis, omnibus 3-7-partitis lobis submembranaceis, crebro
punctatis, linearibus, acriter apiculatis, non ciliatis, 0.6-3 mm. latis,
580 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
terminalibus elongatis usque ad 5 cm. longis. Capitula pauca,
ramos terminantia, pedunculata pedunculis tenuibus circ. 8-10 cm.
longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 3 cm. lata et 7-8 mm. alta.
Involucri bracteae exteriores circ. 8, lineares, acute calloso-apicu-
latae, basi subhispidae, 5-7 mm. longae, patentes; interiores lanceo-
latae, 6-8 mm. longae. Flores ligulati circ. 8, lutei, ligula anguste
elliptici, apice parce vel raro profunde dentati, 1-1.3 cm. longi.
Achaenia nigra, linearia, non elongata, plano-convexa, utraque facie
glabra ac circ. 8-sulcata, marginibus superne erecto-ciliata, apice
erecto-setosa, corpore 5.5-7 mm. longa et 1.1-1.3 mm. lata, biaristata
aristis retrorsum hamosis fere 2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by C. Hoist, No. 2967, at altitude of 30
meters, Doda, District of Usambara, German East Africa, June 28,
1893 (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in District of
Usambara, northeastern German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Hoist 2967 (type, Berl.).
A species close to Bidens Elliotii, but having only about 8 ray
florets, the about 8 exterior involucral bracts only 5-7 mm. long and
scarcely equalling the interior, and the achenial aristae downwardly
barbed. In B. Elliotii the ray florets number mostly 10-14, the
usually 9-12 exterior bracts are more often 8-11 mm. long, and the
achenial aristae are erectly hispid. B. Phalangiphylla is close also to
B. Bequaertii DeWild., but has the much larger and more openly
dissected leaves,1 narrower exterior involucral bracts, and much
smaller fruiting heads with smaller achenes.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLVI, FIGS, d-h
Bidens Phalangiphylla: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.61;
6, cauline leaf, X0.61; c, exterior involucral bract, Xl.83; d, interior
involucral bract, Xl.83; e, ray floret, Xl.83;/, palea, Xl.83; g, disc
floret, X2.44; h, achene, X3.66; all from type.
190. Bidens insecta (S. L. Moore) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
59: 309. 1915. PI. CLVII.
Coreopsis insecta S. L. Moore, Journ. Bot. 46: 42. 1908.
Herba erecta, glabra, forsan usque ad 1 m. alta; caulibus 1 vel
pluribus e radice lignea, quadrangularibus, longitrorsum sulcatis,
ramosis. Folia sessilia, inferiora 6-9 cm. longa, summa gradatim
1 The spreading segments offer a fanciful resemblance to the legs of Phalan-
gium, whence the trivial name.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXVI
BIDENS L1NEATA Sherff
OF TKt
OF iLLIHQIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 581
imminuta, bipinnatifida ; segmentis primi ordinis circumambitu
lanceolatis acutisque 2-4 cm. longis, secundi lineari-oblongis 3-16
mm. longis, omnibus subcoriaceis glandulis immersis crebro indutis
apice pungentibus margine revolutis eciliatisque, rhachi inferne
circ. 1.5 mm. superne alata ac circ. 4-5 mm. lata. Capitula radiata,
pansa ad anthesin circ. 4.6-5.2 cm. lata et ±1 cm. alta, pauca (saepis-
sime 3 ex apice ramulorum singulorum ramorum orientia). Invo-
lucri ad basim parce hispidi bracteae exteriores circ. 8, anguste
lineari-oblongae, acutae, crassiusculae, circ. 1-1.2 cm. longae et
1.5-2 mm. latae, interiores anguste ovato-oblongas obtusas char-
taceas margine decoloratas aequantes vel leviter excedentes. Flores
ligulati circ. 8, flavi (sed infra atriores), ligula oblongi vel late ellip-
tico-oblanceolati, apice bidentati vel subintegri, plurinerves, circ.
1.8-2.3 cm. longi. Receptaculi paleae oblongae, obtusae, circ. 6 mm.
longae. Achaenia vix matura, plana, griseo-fusca vel basi apiceque
straminea, exalata, oblonga, faciebus marginibusque breviter adpres-
seque ad apicem dense setulosa, utraque facie circ. 8-sulcata, corpore
±5.5 mm. longa et ±1.2 mm. lata, biaristata; aristis nunc calvis nunc
antrorsum 1-4-setosis, usque ad 1 mm. longis.
Type specimen : Collected by Fred Eyles, No. 266, common among
tall grass, at altitude of 1,380 meters, Bernheim Hill, District of
Mazoe, Southern Rhodesia (Brit.).
Distribution : Known only from type locality in District of Mazoe,
Southern Rhodesia.
Specimens examined: Eyles 266 (type, Brit.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLVII
Bidens insecta: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.62; 6,
exterior involucral bract, X3.09; c, interior involucral bract, X3.09;
d, ray corolla, Xl.85; e, palea, X3.09;/, disc floret, X3.09; g, achene,
X3.09; a, mainly and rest, entirely from type.
191. Bidens robustior S. L. Moore, Journ. Linn.
Soc. 35: 349. 1902. PI. CLVIII.
Herba elata, erecta, probabiliter perennis, crebro ramosa ramis
validis teretibus striatis solidis hispidulis deinde glabris, verisimiliter
7-10 dm. alta. Folia petiolata petiolis 1-2.8 cm. longis vel summa
sessilia, petiolo adjecto 5-12 cm. longa, pinnatim triloba lobis ovatis
vel ovato-lanceolatis acutis grosse crenato-serratis (dentibus calloso-
apiculatis) raro lobulatis, summa lanceolata, omnia supra scaber-
rima subtus hispidula. Capitula magna breviter vel mediocriter
582 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
pedunculate pedunculis 1-5 cm. longis, radiata, cymam paucicapi-
tulatam strictam angustam sparsim foliatam folia longe excedentem
efformantia, pansa ad anthesin circ. 5-6 cm. lata et circ. 1-1.2 cm.
alta. Involucri bracteae 4-seriatae, eae 2 exteriorum serierum (circ.
9-13 ex toto) lineari-lanceolatae, utrinque hispidulae, basi ciliatae,
reflexae, circ. 7-11 mm. longae; aliae lanceolatae, dorso hispido-
scaberrimae, saepe breviores et saepe reflexae. Flores ligulati circ.
14, lutei, ligula oblongi, apice undulati vel obsolete denticulati, circ.
2.5 cm. longi et parce 1 cm. lati, circ. 12-nervosi. Achaenia lineari-
oblonga, maxime obcompressa, atra, utraque facie debiliter 8-striata
et leviter erecto-setosa, marginibus antrorsum ciliata, corpore 6-8
mm. longa et 1.5-1.7 mm. lata, quam receptaculi paleae perspicue
breviora, biaristata; aristis retrorsum hamosis (hamis 1 vel rariter 2
vel etiam 3), 1.7-2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by G. F. Scott Elliot (Mt. Ruwenzori
Expedition), No. 6846, at altitude of 1,800 meters, Elmentaita
(Elmenteita), Masailand, German East Africa, 1893-1894 (Brit.).
Distribution: Masailand, German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Elliot 6846 (type, Brit.: cotype, Kew).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLVIII
Bidens robustior: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.59; 6,
exterior involucral bract, X2.36; c, interior involucral bract, X2.36;
d, ray corolla, XI. 18; e, palea, X2.36;/, disc floret, X2.36; g, achene,
X2.36; all from type and cotype specimens.
192. Bidens ambigua S. L. Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc.
37: 322. 1906. PI. CXLVIII, figs. h-m.
Herbacea, glabra, circ. 5 dm. alta e radice perenni (ex Goss-
weilero); caulibus pluribus (vel interdum tantum uno), gracilibus,
simplicibus, adscendenti-erectis, sparsim foliosis, obtuse quadrangu-
laribus, 1-1.5 mm. crassis. Folia sessilia, modica 2.5-3.5 cm. longa,
alii indivisa alii paucilobatis; lamina vel lobis anguste linearibus, nunc
obtusis nunc acutissimis et calloso-apiculatis, subcarnosis, non
ciliatis, 1-1.5 mm. latis; lobis 3-8 mm. (forsan ultra) longis.
Capitula terminalia, solitaria, tenuiter longipedunculata pedunculis
&-18 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 2.5-3 cm. lata et
8-9 mm. alta. Involucrum glabratum vel basi parce hispidulum;
bracteis exterioribus 3-5, lineari-lanceolatis, parce ciliatis, 5-7 mm.
longis; interioribus ovato-lanceolatis, dimidio longioribus. Flores
ligulati circ. 8, lutei, ligula elliptici, apice bidentati, circ. 1 cm. longi.
THE GENUS BIDENS 583
Achaenia nondum matura late oblonga, nequaquam alata, glabra
vel fere glabra, biaristata ; aristis quam corpore brevioribus dentibus
perpaucis nunc erectis nunc recurvatis onustis vel etiam omnino
calvis.
Type specimen: Collected by JohnGossweiler, No. 1189, in open
forests of Berlinia on left bank of River Quanze at Kiambella,
Angola, July 23, 1903 (Brit.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Angola.
Specimens examined : Gossiveiler 1189 (type, Brit.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXLVIII, FIGS,
Bidens ambigua: h, flowering branch, X0.61; i, exterior involucral
bract, X3.66; j, interior involucral bract, X3.66; k, ray corolla,
Xl.83; /, palea, X3.66; m, disc floret, X3.66; all from cotype, in
Hb. Kew.
193. Bidens ugandensis (S. L. Moore) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
59: 309. 1915. PI. CLIX.
Coreopsis ugandensis S. L. Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc. 35: 347. 1902.
Herba perennis, erecta, 5-9 dm. alta, nunc molliter pubescens
nunc caulibus ramisque vel etiam foliis glabrata; caulibus teretibus
vel tetragonis, 2-4 mm. crassis. Folia non sessilia, petiolo 0.5-2.5
cm. longo adjecto 4-8 cm. longa, basi parce connata, nunc ternatim
quinatimve pinnata nunc bipinnata; segmentis anguste linearibus
(0.3-1 mm. latis), terminali lateralia plerumque superante. Capi-
tula mediocria, solitaria vel pauca, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis
plerumque 3-10 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2.5-3.5 cm.
lata et circ. 6-8 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae biseriales, exteriores
7-10, pubescentes, oblongo-lineares, apice obtusae vel subacutae,
4-5.5 mm. longae et 0.6-1 mm. latae, quam interiores ovato-oblongae
7-8.5 mm. longae et 3-4 mm. latae margine scariosae dorso hispi-
dulae apice moderatim obtusae satis breviores. Flores ligulati circ.
8, lutei, ligula late oblongi, apice saepe tridentati, circ. 1.4-1.6 cm.
longi et 3-6 mm. lati. Achaenia paleas oblongo-lineares apice ob-
tusas interdum superantia, olivaceo-brunnea vel brunneo-atra,
anguste oblongo-linearia, obcompressa, exalata, margine apiceque
erecto-ciliata, utraque facie unicostata et circ. 8-striata, ad summam
costam saepe erecto-puberula, corpore 6-7 mm. longa et 0.6-1 mm.
lata, biaristata, aristis tenuibus, nudis, plerumque patulis, tantum
circ. 0.5-1 mm. longis.
584 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Type specimen: Collected by G. F. Scott Elliot, No. 7520, dry
schist hills, Buddu, Uganda, British East Africa, March, 1893-1894
(Brit.).
Distribution : British East Africa to Belgian Congo.
Specimens examined: G. S. Baker 312, alt. 1,200 meters, grassland,
common from Muhoroni to Kisumi, British East Africa, December
12, 1905 (Kew); Ernest Brown 404, alt. 1,170 meters, District of
Unyoro, Uganda, British East Africa, July, 1907 (Kew) ; idem 2651,
alt. 1,260 meters, savanna, 100 miles northwest of Kampala,
Uganda, June, 1915 (Brit.) ; J. Claessens 1448, Blukwa, Belgian Congo,
August, 1921 (Bruss.); idem 1511, Goduma, Belgian Congo, Sept.,
1921 (Bruss., 2 sheets); R. Dummer 2641 p.p., alt. 1,200 meters,
grassy hill slopes, "Kyalana" (Kyabana?), Uganda, November, 1915
(Kew); idem 2641a, eodem loco et tempore (Brit.); R. L. Piemeisel
& L. W. Kephart 695, alt. 1,560 meters, Kylgegwa to Kampala,
Uganda, November 11, 1927 (U.S.); Elliot 7520 (type, Brit.: cotype,
Kew) ; J. D. Snowden 158, alt. 1,050 meters, Singo, Uganda, 1915
(Kew).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLIX
Bidens ugandensis: a, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.63; 6,
cauline leaf, X0.63; c, exterior involucral bract, X5.03; d, interior
involucral bract, X5.03; e, ray corolla, X3.77; /, palea, X5.03; g,
disc floret, X5.03; h, i, achenes, X5.03; a, c, d, f, h, from cotype, in
Hb. Kew; 6, e, g, from Dummer 2641a, in Hb. Brit.; i, from Brown
2651, in Hb. Brit.
194. Bidens cinerea Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 59: 302.
1915. PL CLX.
Ligulae apice integrae vel vix denticulatae . . B. cinerea sensu stricto.
Ligulae apice plerumque profunde acriterque tridentatae.
var. /3. tricuspidata.
Herba, verisimiliter perennis, erecta vel adscendenti-erecta,
cinerea; caule striato, squarroso-hispido, subtetragono, monocepha-
lico (vel ramis monocephalicis). Folia petiolata petiolis spinuloso-
setosis 0.5-2 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2-6 cm. longa, tuberculato-
scabrida et minute spinuloso-setosa, impari-pinnata, 1- vel 2-juga;
foliolis ovatis vel cuneato-oblongis, dentatis vel lobulatis, dentibus
(vel lobulis) acriter apiculatis. Capitula terminalia, pedunculata
pedunculis 6-10 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin ±2.5 cm.
lata et circ. 5-7 mm. alta. Involucrum hispidum, bracteis duplici
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXVII
b a i
BIDENS SCHWEINFURTHII Sherff
OF THt
UNIVERSITY Of ILLIHOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 585
serie dispositis; exterioribus circ. 8, linearibus, 4-5 mm. longis;
interioribus dimidio longioribus, lanceolatis. Flores ligulati flavi,
ligula lineari-oblanceolati, apice integri vel parce denticulati, 7-9-
striati, circ. 1.2 cm. longi. Achaenia linearia, obcompressa, atra,
striata, adscendenti-hispida, corpore ±9 mm. longa, biaristata
aristis retrorsum hamosis 2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by C. S. Smith, Kilimanjaro, German
East Africa, May, 1893 (Kew).
Distribution: Known only from type locality, Kilimanjaro,
German East Africa.
Specimens examined: C. S. Smith, Kilimanjaro, May, 1893
(type, Kew).
Bidens cinerea var. /3. tricuspidata Sherff,
Amer. Journ. Bot. 22: 705. 1935.
Caules sicci subbrunnei, graciliores. Foliorum petioli usque ad
circ. 1 cm. longi. Capitula pansa ad anthesin demum 3 cm. lata,
ligulis apice plerumque profunde acriterque tridentatis.
Type specimen: Collected by Margarete Uhlig, No. 2038, at
altitude of about 2,000 meters, on wrinkled or folded lava rock,
stream bed, North Meru, northeastern German East Africa, July 17,
1910 (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in German East
Africa.
Specimens examined: Uhlig 2038 (type, Berl.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLX
Bidens cinerea: a, subfruiting specimen, X0.73; b, exterior involu-
cral bract, X2.91; c, interior involucral bract, X2.91; d, ray corolla,
X2.91; e, palea, X2.91; /, disc floret, X2.91; g, achene, X2.91; all
from type.
195. Bidens crocea Welw. ex O. Hoffm. Bol. Soc. Broteriana
10: 177. 1892. PI. CLXI, figs. a-g.
Achaenia f aciebus crebro spinuloso-verrucata var. /3. verrucifera.
Achaenia faciebus glabrata vel subglabrata . . . B. crocea sensu stricto.
Herbacea, perennis, elata, glaberrima, 6-12 dm. alta; caulibus
(multis et procumbenti-adscendentibus ex Gossweilero) inferne
simplicibus ac foliatis, superne in pedunculos circ. 3 longissimos et
parce foliates divisis. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.3-2.5 cm. longis,
petiolo adjecto plerumque 3-7 cm. longa; caulina quam internodia
586 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
plerumque longiora, bipinnatipartita vel infima simpliciter pinnati-
partita, rhachi segmentisque anguste linearibus, segmentis firmulis
plerumque 1-2.5 cm. longis et 0.5-1.5 mm. latis acutis vel subacutis;
folia pedunculorum remota, quam internodia multiple breviora,
simpliciter pinnatipartita, suprema brevia bracteiformia integer-
rimaque. Capitula solitaria, discoidea, ad anthesin circ. 1.5 cm.
alta et 1-1.5 cm. lata. Involucri late campanulati bracteae exteriores
circ. 8 vel 9, lineares, saepe acutae, 6-8 mm. longae; interiores
lanceolatae vel oblongo-lanceolatae, coloratae, duplo-triplo longiores.
Flores tubulosi crocei. Achaenia brunnea vel atro-brunnea, linearia,
usque ad apicem truncatum non angustatumque aequilata, obcom-
pressa, margine pilis aliis simplicibus aliis (perpaucis) uncinatis
ciliata, apice corona minute ciliolata instructa, corpore circ. 11 mm.
longa et 1.5 mm. lata, biaristata, aristis retrorsum hamosis, circ.
3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Friedrich Welwitsch, No. 3964, in
wooded meadows at altitude of 1,350-1,500 meters, around the great
lake of Ivantala, District of Huilla, Benguella (Benguela) region,
Angola, end of February, 1860 (Berl.).
Distribution : Angola.
Specimens examined: H. Baum 696, alt. 1,250 meters, sporadic
in sandy soil of light forest ("lichtem Wald"), Longa and Quiriri
rivers, February 2, 1900 (Berl.; Brit.; Del.; Kew; Mun.; Mus. V.);
Dekindt 861, in woods, Huilla, Benguella (Benguela) region (Berl.);
John Gossweiler 3023, common in mumua woods, Tchirandongamba
Luassingua, April, 1906 (Brit.); idem 3099, in mixed woods (com-
posed chiefly, however, of mumua), at Luasenha-Cutchi, April 30,
1906 (Brit.); idem 3842, common in mumua woods at Kaconda,
February 14, 1907 (Brit.) ; idem 4304, in open mumua woods between
Kaconda and Bissapa, March 5, 1907 (Brit.) ; Welwitsch 3964 (type,
Berl.: cotypes, Brit.; Cop.; Kew; Par.).
Bidens crocea var. /3. verrucifera S. L. Moore, Journ. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 37: 322. 1906. PI. CLXI, fig. h.
A specie achaeniis crebro spinuloso-verrucatis, vel infra apicem
faciebus vero glabris differt.
Type specimen: Collected by John Gossweiler, No. 1210, in
thickets, Catombe near Malange, North Guanza District, Angola,
May-August, 1903 (Brit.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Angola.
Specimens examined: Gossweiler 1210 (type, Brit.: cotype, Berl.).
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXVIII
BIDENS NYIKENSIS Sherff
THE GENUS BIDENS 587
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXI
Bid ens crocea, figs, a-g: a (lower), b (upper), portions of fruiting
specimen, X0.65; c, exterior involucral bract, X2.6; d, interior
involucral bract, X2.6; e, palea, X2.6;/, disc floret, X2.6; g, achene,
X2.6; a-e, g, from type;/, from cotype, in Hb. Kew.
Bidens crocea var. verrucifera, fig. h: achene, X2.6; from type.
196. Bidens lineariloba Oliver, Trans. Linn. Soc. 29: 99.
pi 60. 1873. PI. LXVIII, figs. g-o.
Herba annua, erecta, interdum gracilis, glabrata, ramosa, 4-8
dm. alta, caule saepe valde costato. Folia subsessilia vel petiolata
petiolis latis 4-1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-12 cm. longa, parce
hispida, irregulariter bipinnata, totis segmentis nunc ad meras
lineas tantummodo 0.5-1 mm. latas reductis, nunc 1-2 mm. latis;
lobis ultimis paucis, acutissime indurato-apiculatis. Capitula
corymbosa radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2-4.5 cm. lata et 7-12 mm.
alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores 9-13, lineari-lanceolatae vel etiam
anguste lineares, supra valde attenuatae, saltern basi ciliatae, apice
acriter apiculatae, interioribus fere vel perfecte aequales, demum
plus minusve reflexae, 6-11 mm. longae; interiores lanceolatae,
glabratae. Flores ligulati 6-8, flavi, ligula elliptico-lanceolati,
10-14-striati, apice obscure vel perspicue denticulati, 0.7-2 cm.
longi. Paleae lineari-lanceolatae vel lineares, acuminatae, interiores
late ellipticae vel obovatae vel truncatae, supra longissime et per-
spicuissime lineari-productae, achaenia fere aequantes vel interdum
etiam superantes. Achaenia plus minusve dimorpha; exteriora
oblongo-linearia, basi moderatim angustata, faciebus marginibusque
tuberculata et antrorsum spinoso-setosa, corpore 5.5-6.5 mm.
longa et supra 2-2.5 mm. lata; interiora linearia, glabrata vel ad
margines et supra ad facies sparsim setosa, corpore 8-10 mm. longa
et 0.8-1.2 mm. lata; omnia valde obcompressa, sub apice conspicue
biaristata; aristis demum valde divaricatis, inferne glabris, apicem
versus retrorsum hamosis, 3-6 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by J. A. Grant, No. 187, in corn-
fields, Mininga (Mininja), German East Africa, April, 1861 (Kew).1
Distribution: Ukerewe Island in Lake Victoria Nyanza (Lake
Ukerewe) and southeastward through the northern part of German
East Africa.
1 Oliver (loc. cit.) accredits the type to Grant alone, but the type label says:
"Coll. by Capts. Speke &Grant."
588 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Specimens examined: Braun 5372, Lulangula, Distr. Tabora,
German East Africa, May 29, 1913 (BerL); P- Conrads 34, Ukerewe
Isl., Lake Victoria Nyanza, German East Africa, 1903 (BerL, 2
sheets); Durham, Tanganyika Central Railway, at Kikombo, Ger-
man East Africa (Kew) ; Grant 187 (type, Kew) ; Grote 3749, Monga-
Mongatour, east equatorial Africa, March, 1912 (BerL); J> Hanning-
ton, Msilala (Msalala), German East Africa, communic. 1883 (Kew);
F. L. Stuhlmann (Exped. Emin Pascha) 225, northern German East
Africa (BerL); C. F. M. Swynnerton 845, German East Africa, June
5, 1921 (Brit.); Uhlig 118, field near Kagunguli, Ukerewe Isl., Lake
Victoria Nyanza, German East Africa, April 29, 1904 (BerL).
Easily distinguished from all other species of Bidens by the
numerous acute, finally spreading exterior involucral bracts and
the peculiar inner paleae, which are membranous-winged below and
with greatly extended, exalate apex running upwardly and surpass-
ing the bodies of the achenes. My description of the mature achenes
is drawn from the mature specimen, Braun 5372 (BerL), collected at
a spot (Lulangula) close to the type locality of Mininga. The achenes
simulate those of certain Hawaiian species in having the aristae
attached somewhat below rather than at the top of the achene body.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXVIII, FIGS, g-o
Bidens lineariloba: g, flowering and subfruiting specimen, X0.68;
h, exterior involucral bract, X2.72; i, interior involucral bract,
X2.72; ;, ray' corolla, X2.04; k, palea, X2.72; I, palea, X2.72; m,
disc floret, X2.72; n (outer), o (inner), achenes, X2.72; all from J.
Hannington, Msilala, German East Africa, communic. 1883, in Hb.
Kew.
197. Bidens flabellata 0. Hoffm. in H. Baum, Kunene-
Sambesi Exped. 419, pi 11, G. 1903. PL CLXII.
Herbacea, perennis; caulibus multis (fide Gossweileri), procum-
bentibus flexuosisque vel adscendentibus, subteretibus, pilis septatis
puberulis, simplicibus vel parce ramosis, 3-10 dm. longis, ad 3-4
dm. surgentibus (ex Baumio). Folia petiolata petiolis 0.4-2.5 cm.
longis et supra saepe dilatato-marginatis, petiolo adjecto 2-6.5 cm.
longa, coriacea, orbicularia vel flabellata, ciliata et (venis praecipue)
hispidula, subtus pallida, supra petiolum rotundata vel sinuato-
cuneata, praeter basim grosse crenata vel flabellatim multilobata,
segmentis dentibusve acute calloso-apiculatis. Capitula ad apicem
caulis ramive solitaria, longiuscule vel longe pedunculata pedunculis
6-25 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 4-5 cm. lata et 1.4-2
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXIX
h c e f
BIDENS ROGERSII Sherfl
THE GENUS BIDENS 589
cm. alta. Involucrum basi pilosum; bracteis exterioribus circ. 8,
brevibus (circ. 3.5 mm. longis), oblongis vel lineari-lanceolatis,
ciliatis, dorso saepe sparsim hispidis, apice obtusis vel subacutis et
induratis; interioribus lanceolatis, 10-12 mm. longis. Flores ligulati
circ. 8, lutei, ligula anguste oblongo-elliptici, apice obtuso subintegri
vel tridentati, 1.5-2.5 cm. longi. Achaenia linearia, obcompresso-
tetragona vel plana, marginibus ac costis medianis suberecte ciliata
alibi glabra, omnino circ. 16-sulcata, fusca vel nigrescentia, corpore
exteriora ±9 mm. longa et interiora ±16 mm. longa, omnia biaris-
tata; aristis tenuibus, retrorsum hamosis, 3.5-5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by H. Baum (Kunene-Sambesi Expe-
dition), No. 847, in sandy, clay soil among bushes at altitude of
1,350 meters, Manonge on the Kuebe River, Mambunda region,
southeastern Angola, April 22, 1900 (Berl.).
Distribution: Western Africa from Angola southward.
Specimens examined: Baum 847 (type, Berl.: cotypes, Brit.;
Del.; Kew; Mus. V.); John Gossweiler 2635, Angola, April 16,
1906 (Brit.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXII
Bidens flabellata: a-c, portions of subfruiting specimens, X0.63;
d, exterior involucral bract, X4.4; e, interior involucral bract, X2.52;
f, ray corolla, X2.52; g, palea, X2.52; h, disc floret, X2.52; i, achene,
X2.52; all from Gossweiler 2635, in Hb. Brit.
198. Bidens Baumii (0. Hoffm.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 59:
309. 1915. PL CLXIII.
Coreopsis Baumii 0. Hoffm. in H. Baum, Kunene-Sambesi Exped.
419. 1903.
Herbacea, perennis, elata, simplex vel parce ramosa, 1-1.3 m.
alta; caule tetragono, glabro. Folia principalia sensim in petiolum
2-3 cm. longum angustata et non vere sessilia, petiolo adjecto 6-11
cm. longa, membranacea, indivisa, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata,
apice acuta vel parce acuminata, grosse serrato-dentata dentibus
calloso-attenuatis, hispidulo-ciliata, glabra vel infra paucis setis
adpressis sparsissime vestita, minute glanduloso-punctata. Capitula
radiata, pansa ad anthesin 3.5-5 cm. lata, solitaria vel perpauca,
longe tenuiterque pedunculata; pedunculis glabris, usque ad 16 cm.
(vel ultra) longis, parce bracteatis. Involucrum basi hispidum,
bracteis exterioribus circ. 8, linearibus, saepe hie illic aciculato-
ciliatis, apice callosis, circ. 6-7 mm. longis; interioribus lineari-
590 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
lanceolatis, circ. 9-11 mm. longis. Flores ligulati 6-8, aurei, ligula
oblongo-lanceolati ellipticive, apice subintegri, 2-3.2 cm. longi.
Achaenia exteriora late interiora anguste linearia, omnia obcom-
pressa, adpresse pilosa, adscendenti-ciliata, omnino circ. 16-sulcata,
atra, 6-9 mm. longa et 1-1.7 mm. lata, quam paleae manifesto
breviora, apice adrecte setosa et exaristata vel saepe aristis 2 brevi-
bus subulatis superne nudis et usque ad 1 mm. longis coronata.
Type specimen: Collected by H. Baum, No. 883, sporadic on
sandy loam in dense forest at altitude of 1,300 meters, between
Kuma and Kutsi, Mambunda region, southeastern Angola, May
2,1 1900 (Berl.).
Distribution: Angola.
Specimens examined: Baum 883 (type, Berl.: cotype, Brit.;
Kew); John Gossweiler 3147, in open, herb-grown woods between
Lambo River and Cutchi, May 1, 1906 (Brit.; Kew).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXIII
Bidens Baumii: a (lower), 6 (median), c (uppermost), portions of
flowering specimen, X0.63; d, portion of leaf enlarged to show cilia-
tion and glandular-punctate surface, X3.13; e, exterior involucral
bract, X3.13; /, interior involucral bract, X3.13; g, ray corolla,
Xl.88; h, i, paleae, X3.13; /, disc floret, X3.13; k, achene, X3.13;
^~0> j, from cotype, in Hb. Kew; h, i, k, from Gossweiler 3147,
in Hb. Brit. .
199. Bidens ruandensis Sherff, Bull. Jard. Bot.
Brux. 13: 285. 1935.
Herba, sine dubio perennis, erecta, ±7 dm. alta; caule sub-
simplici, plus minusve tetragono, moderate hispido. Folia princi-
palia petiolata petiolis tenuibus aegre hispidis anguste marginatis
circ. 2-3 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 7-11 cm. longa et ±1.5 cm.
lata, indivisa, rhomboide oblongo-lanceolata, utroque latere acriter
circ. 3- vel 4-dentata dentibus saepius incurvis, basi cuneata apice
plus minusve acuminata, supra moderate infra secundum venas
perspicue alibi sparsim hispida; superiora linearia, usque ad 1 dm.
longa et 5-6 mm. lata. Capitula perpauca (±3), pedunculata pedun-
culis tetragonis patenti -hispidis ±6 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad
anthesin ±5 cm. lata et ±1.2 cm. alta. Involucri basi valde supra
moderate hispidi bracteae 2-3-seriales; extimae circ. 10, oblonge
lineares, elongatae, supra acerrimae ac crassiusculo-induratae inter-
1 Not December 2, as erroneously printed in Hoffmann, loc. cit.
THE GENUS BIDENS 591
dum nitidae, 1-1.3 cm. longae, quam aliae longiores. Flores ligulati
circ. 11 vel 12, flavi, ligula oblongo-lineares, apice minutissime
2-3-denticulati, circ. 2.2-2.5 cm. longi. Flores tubulosi sub medio
sparsim patenti-hispidi. Ovaria plana, oblonga, exalata, faciebus
pluristriata aliter glabrata, marginibus apiceque dense erecto-
setosa, biaristata; aristis tenuibus, acerrimis, nudis vel basim versus
sparsim erecto-hispidis, 1-2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by H. Scaetta, No. 427, Ruhengeri,
Ruanda, northwestern German East Africa (Bruss.).
Distribution: Ruanda, northwestern German East Africa.
Specimens examined : Scaetta 427 (type, Bruss.).
200. Bidens Moorei Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 25, pi 1, figs,
a-g. 1926. PI. CLXIV, figs. a-g.
Achaenia 2- (saepe imperfecte 3- vel 4-) aristata, faciebus erecte
hispida B. Moorei sensu stricto.
Achaenia plerumque 6-8-aristata, faciebus verrucata.
var. /3. verrucosa.
Herba perennis, glabra, 3-5 dm. alta, caule adscendenti et ramoso;
ramis plus minusve glaucescentibus, monocephalicis, gracilibus,
supra nudis, infra foliis parvulis foliosis. Folia sessilia, lanceolata
vel cuneato-oblanceolata, integra vel apicem versus irregulariter
dentata, carnosa, 1-6 cm. longa. Capitula terminalia, longepedun-
culata, radiata, 4-5 cm. lata. Involucri squamae duplici serie dis-
positae; exteriores circ. 8, ovatae vel ovato-lanceolatae, 6-8 mm.
longae; interiores lanceolatae, membranaceae, striatae, 1.2-1.4 cm.
longae. Flores ligulati circ. 8, flavidi, ligula lineares, striati, apice
dentati, 2-2.6 cm. longi. Achaenia linearia, plana vel subtetragona,
adscendenti-ciliata et -hispida, corpore 0.8-1.5 cm. longa et 1-1.2
mm. lata, bi- (saepe imperfecte tri- vel quadri-) aristata aristis
retrorsum hamosis, usque ad 5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by John Gossweiler, No. 3339, in
woods, Angola, April, 1906 (Brit.).
Distribution: Angola.
Specimens examined: H. Baum (Reise nach Sudwest- Africa:
Kunene-Sambesi Expedition) 708, alt. 1,250 meters, Longa River
("oberhalb des Quiriri," "oberhalb Ninnescra"), Cubango Distr.,
February 5, 1900 (Berl.; Brit.; Del.; Kew; Mus. V.); John Gossweiler
2467, sandy, herb-grown woods, Angola, January 5, 1906 (Brit.);
idem 3339 (type, Brit.).
592 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Otto Hoffmann, in his original determination of Baum's plant,
treated it as a new species. Whether he did so because at that time
he was unfamiliar with Bidens andongensis Hiern, or because, al-
though familiar with Hiern's species, he felt Baum's plant to be
distinct, I am unable to say. However, he later (Kunene-Sambesi
Exped. 420. 1903) referred the Baum specimen to B. andongensis
Hiern. Since the main differences lay in the size and shape of the
involucres, also the number and shape and proportionate size of the
exterior involucral bracts, one might indeed have suspected that
Baum had collected merely an atypic and less robust form of B.
andongensis. The various specimens sent in more recently by Goss-
weiler to the British Museum of Natural History show similar
peculiarities as to these characters, thus strengthening the belief
that we have to do with a distinct species.
The species was named in honor of the late Spencer L. Moore of the
British Museum of Natural History, who had done much admirable
work upon the African species of Bidens, and who, independently,
had interpreted the Gossweiler plants as typifying a new species.
Bidens Moorei var. /3. verrucosa Sherff, op. cit.
26, pi. l,figs. h, i. PL CLXIV, figs, h and i.
A specie differt achaeniis verrucatis; his plerumque 5-8-aristatis,
saepe praeterea 4-10 levibus acutis aristulis coronatis.
Type specimen: Collected by John Gossweiler, No. 3021, Angola,
April, 1906 (Brit.).
Distribution: Angola.
Specimens examined : Gossweiler 3021 (type, Brit.).
A form so peculiar in fruit characters that it is perhaps best
treated for the present as a variety. Various considerations indicate
no basis for regarding it as a separate species. The achenes are
minutely warty and 5-8-aristate (commonly with 3 long aristae and
2-5 short ones, with frequently 4-10 additional rudimentary, smooth,
sharp aristae completing a crown). The variety is seen to be com-
parable, in its relation to the species proper, with the var. verrucifera
Moore of Bidens crocea Welw. In its large number of aristae it makes
a singular approach to Ericentrodea mirabilis (Sherff) Blake & Sherff,
a plant that differs widely in other respects.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXIV
Bidens Moorei, figs, a-g: a, flowering and fruiting specimen,
X0.63; 6, exterior involucral bract, Xl.26; c, interior involucral
THE GENUS BIDENS 593
bract, X2.52; d, ray corolla, Xl.26; e, palea, X2.52; /, disc floret,
X2.52; g, achene, X2.52; all from type.
Bidens Moorei var. verrucosa, figs, h, i: achenes, X2.52; both
from type.
201. Bidens andongensis Hiern, Cat. Welw. Afr. PI.
1: 588. 1898. PI. CLXV.
Herba erecta, glabra vel subglabra, perennis, basi lignea; caule
inferne simplici, superne subramoso, subtereti. Folia sessilia vel
inferiora petiolata petiolis alatis usque ad 2 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto
2-7.5 cm. longa et 1-4.5 cm. lata, indivisa vel parce lobulata, elliptica
vel ovata vel rhomboideo-oblanceolata, apice acuta vel subobtusa,
basi plerumque cuneato-angustata, grosse et inaequaliter dentata,
subcarnosa, minute punctulato-squamosa. Capitula solitaria, ter-
minalia, pedunculata pedunculis 5-10 (-19) cm. longis, radiata,
pansa ad anthesin circ. 5 cm. lata et 1.2-1.6 cm. alta. Involucri
bracteae subbiseriatae, lanceolato-oblongae, subacutae vel subob-
tusae, exteriores 10-14 circ. 8-10 mm. longae et 1.5-3 mm. latae,
interiores circ. 11-13 mm. longae et 3-5 mm. latae. Flores ligulati
circ. 8-12, aurei, ligula anguste elliptic! vel lineari-oblongi, feminei
vel pauci hermaphroditi sed probabiliter steriles, apice acuti, circ.
1.8-2.2 cm. longi. Achaenia immatura lineari-oblonga, plana,
marginibus ciliata, corpore 4.5 mm. longa et 1.2 mm. lata, apice
erecte setulosa et biaristata; aristis de apice usque ad basim dense et
retrorsum hamosis, circ. 3.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Friedrich Welwitsch, No. 3529, in
sandy, bushy places at altitude of 720 to 1,140 meters, near Quibinde
(Quibinda), not far from the Cuije River, District of Pungo Andongo
(Loanda District), Angola, March, 1857 (Brit.).1
Distribution: Angola.
Specimens examined: John Gossweiler 3631, in short, thicket-
grown pasturage, Valley of Cubal, near Cubal River, Distr. Ben-
guella (Benguela), March-August, 1907 (Brit.); Welwitsch 3529
(type fragment and drawing, Brit.).
In an earlier article (Bot. Gaz. 59: 312. 1915) I have stated that
Gossweiler's 3631 may properly be taken as representative of this
species. In many respects both Gossweiler's plant and Hiern's type
material appear to be too close to Bidens Buchneri (Klatt) Sherff, a
1 The type sheet bears a crude sketch and a fragment of the type specimen,
the major portion having been returned to Lisbon on demand of the Portuguese
Government (cf. Hiern, loc. cit.).
594 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
species likewise from Angola. The latter species, however, has the
achenial aristae only sparsely barbed and the few barbs near the base
are erect, not retrorse; furthermore, the rays (15-18) are more numer-
ous than in B. andongensis and none of the leaves, so far as I know,
are ever as narrowly petiolate as in some cases with B. andongensis.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXV
Bidens andongensis: a (lower), b (upper), portions of one flowering
specimen, 0.67; c, upper portion of another flowering specimen,
X0.67; d, exterior involucral bract, Xl.34; e, interior involucral
bract, X2.68; /, ray floret, Xl.34; g, palea, X2.68; h, disc floret,
X2.68; all from Gossweiler 3631, in Hb. Brit.
202. Bidens Buchneri (Klatt) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
76: 158. 1923. PI. CLXVI.
Coreopsis Buchneri Klatt, Leopoldina 25: 107. 1889 (non Ann.
Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 7: 103. 1892).
Herba erecta, perennis (non "annua"), 6-10 dm. alta; caule
obtuse tetragono, glabro, superne ramoso. Folia sessilia vel breviter
alato-petiolata petiolis circ. 3-5 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto prin-
cipalia 10-13 cm. longa et 3.5-4.5 cm. lata, membranacea vel parce
subcoriacea, indivisa, late oblongo-lanceolata, basi saepe subaurita,
margine duplicato-serrata dentibus apice cartilagineis et brevissime
setoso-ciliata, apice non vere acuminata, utrinque dense sed non
perspicue verrucoso-scabra, aliter glabra. Capitula terminalia,
plerumque solitaria, pedunculata pedunculis superne breviter hirto-
pilosis et 10-18 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 6.5-8.5
cm. lata et 1.2-1.8 cm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores plurise-
riatae, totae ±16, lanceolatae vel ovato-lanceolatae, subacutae,
moderate brevi-hispidae vel subglabrae, inconspicue rugoso-mar-
ginatae vel spinuloso-ciliatae, 1.7-2.2 cm. longae et 5-8 mm. latae;
interiores breviores, 1-1.3 cm. longae. Flores ligulati 15-18, auran-
tiaci, lineari-elliptici, apice acuti vel minute denticulati, 3-4 cm.
longi. Achaenia immatura plana, lineari-oblonga, margine et apice
et superne faciebus dense setulosa, corpore circ. 4 mm. longa et 1
mm. lata, biaristata; aristis tenuibus apicem versus retrorsum 1-
vel 2-hamosis et basim versus erecte 1-3-setulosis, 2-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Wilhelm Buchner, No. 31, Malange,
Angola, March, 1879 (Berl.).
Distribution : Known only from type locality in Angola.
Specimens examined: Wilhelm Buchner 31 (type, Berl.).
THE GENUS BIDENS 595
Klatt (loc. cit.) described the achenial aristae as glabrous, but a
study of ten immature achenes removed from the one large flowering
head on the type sheet shows all the aristae to be downwardly barbed
near the apex and upwardly barbed near the base. The inner bracts
of the involucre, which are shorter than the outer, the more numer-
ous rays, and the peculiarly barbed aristae appear to distinguish this
species sufficiently from B. andongensis Hiern.
We may note that in a second publication (Ann. Naturh. Hofmus.
Wien 7: 103. 1892) Klatt repeated his description of this species
with only slight changes but cited Von Mechow's No. 394 instead
of the Buchner plant. However, Von Mechow 394 does not repre-
sent B. Buchneri and must be discarded.1
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXVI
Bidens Buchneri: a (lower), 6 (upper), portions of flowering speci-
men, X0.56; c, exterior involucral bract, X2.25; d, interior involucral
bract, X2.25; e, ray corolla, Xl.69; /, palea, X2.25; g, disc floret,
X3.37; h, ovary, X3.37; all from type.
203. Bidens somaliensis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 395.
1930. PL CLXVII.
Herba perennis, erecta, supra erecte ramosa, verisimiliter circ.
9-12 dm. alta, caule glabrato tetragono. Folia non manifeste
petiolata, 8-14 cm. longa et 1.2-3.3 cm. lata, lanceolata vel plus
minusve spathulato-lanceolata, inferne sensim ad basim parce
connatam angustata, apice acuta sed non acuminata, acriter serrata
plerumque 4-9 dentibus unico latere, subrigida, supra breviter his-
pida vel glabrata infra dense hispida. Capitula pedunculata pedun-
culis bracteatis inferne debiliter superne valde hispidis circ. 1-1.6
cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 4-6.5 cm. lata et 1.2-1.5 cm.
alta. Involucri bracteae plus minusve biseriales, exteriores circ.
10-12, lanceolatae vel ovato-oblongae, apice subacutae et induratae,
marginibus ac saepe faciebus pilis albis articulatis hispidae, circ.
0.9-1.2 cm. longae, pro capitulo juniore disco subaequales; interiores
oblongo-ovatae plus minusve hispidae, saepius paulo longiores.
Flores radiati 8-14, flavi, ligula subanguste ovato-oblongi, apice
minutissime denticulati. Paleae late lineari-oblongae, subrigidae,
valde paucistriatae, supra saepe hispidae atque abrupte vel sensim
angustatae, demum achaeniorum corpora paulo superantes.
Achaenia cuneato-oblanceolata, plana, brunneo-nigra, faciebus spar-
1 See discussion under Bidens grandis Sherff.
596 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
sim marginibus atque apice dense erecto-setosa, utraque facie nunc
circ. 8- nunc circ. 16-sulcata, corpore 1-1.4 cm. longa et 3-4.5 mm.
lata, biaristata; aristis acribus, brunneo-stramineis, infra medium
subsparsim antrorsumque setosis, supra medium plerumque nudis.
Type specimen: Collected by Domenico Riva, No. 85 (field No.
1306; Expedition of Eugenia Ruspoli], in grassy fields and on plains,
from Biddum to Volghe, Somalia, September 15, 1893 (Flor., 2
sheets).
Distribution : Somalia.
Specimens examined: Riva, 85 (Flor., 2 type sheets).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXVII
Bidens somaliensis : a, flowering specimen (stem sub tetragonal,
but this not showing well in sketch), X0.56; 6, exterior involucral
bract, X3.37; c, interior involucral bract, X3.37; d, ray corolla,
Xl.69; e, palea, X3.37;/, disc floret, X4.5; g, achene, X3.37; all from
2 type sheets.
204. Bidens Seretii (DeWild.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76:
162. pi. 14. 1923. PI. CLXVIII.
Coreopsis Seretii DeWild. Ann. Mus. Congo V. 2: 212. 1907.
Herba perennis, erecta, 0.9-1.5 m. alta, habitu Heliantho simil-
lima; caule subtereti vel aegre quadrangulari, glabrescenti vel
setulis brevissimis hispidulo, non nisi ad apicem ramoso. Folia
sessilia, 6-13 cm. longa et 1.5-3 cm. lata, indivisa, lanceolata vel
lanceolato-oblonga, rigidula, serrata dentibus calloso-apiculatis,
supra rugulosa et glabrata vel scabrido-hispida, infra pallidiora et
scabrido-hispida, margine ciliata, apice acuminata, basi inferiora ac
mediana saepius sensim summa plerumque abrupte angustata,
mediana (interdum) summa (saepe) etiam subamplexicaulia. Capi-
tula non numerosa, corymbosa, magna, radiata, pansa ad anthesin
5-8 cm. lata et 1.4-1.8 cm. alta, pedunculata pedunculis tomentoso-
hispidis, ±3.5 cm. longis. Involucrum scabrido-hispidum, bracteis
imperfecte 4-serialibus, ad apicem saepius reflexis; exterioribus circ.
12 (6+6), subfoliaceis, late lineari-oblongis vel interdum late oblongo-
lanceolatis, supra attenuatis, apice acutis, circ. 1.3-1.7 (rarius -3)
cm. longis, in capitulo juniore discum facile superantibus; bracteis
interioribus late linearibus vel etiam lanceolatis, superne attenuatis,
quam exterioribus manifeste brevioribus. Flores ligulati 10-14,
flavi, ligula oblanceolati vel elliptico-oblongi, 12-16 striis percursi,
tubi apice pilosi, ad summam integri vel interdum lobulati, 2.5-4.5
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany. Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXX
BIDENS CHAETODONTA Sherff (figs, a, c-i); var. GLABRIOU (O. & H. in Oliv.) Sherff (fig. b)
Of
THE GENUS BIDENS 597
cm. longi et 0.6-1.5 cm. lati; ovario sterili oblongo vel subcuneato,
piano, marginibus et apicem versus adrecte setoso, 2-3 mm. longo.
Achaenia matura lineari-oblonga vel subcuneata, plana, subatra,
striata, marginibus et apice adrecte setosa, faciebus non nisi supra
setosa, corpore 5-10 mm. longa et 1.4-2 mm. lata, biaristata; aristis
tenuibus, suberectis, infra saepe 1-3 setis acriter adrecteque munitis,
supra calvis vel interdum apicem versus 1 vel 2 setis retrorsum
hamosis, 1.5-2.5 mm. longis.
Type Specimen: Collected by F. Seret, No. 306, at summit of
Mt. Angba, on right bank of Uele River, Belgian Congo, November
9, 1905 (Bruss., 2 sheets).
Distribution: Belgian Congo and adjacent Uganda of British
East Africa.
Specimens examined: Miss G. E. Benham, Mt. Elgon, Uganda,
British East Africa, 1920 (Brit.) ; Joseph Bequaert 3040, on grassy
savanna, Irumu, Belgian Congo, March 14, 1914 (Bruss., 2 sheets);
M. T. Dawe 415, alt. 1,500 meters, Ankoa, Uganda, 1905 (Kew);
R. Dummer 313, alt. 1,200 meters, swamp, Uganda, October, 1913
(Brit.) ; idem 492, alt. 1,200 meters, dry, grassy slope, Namaiba Hill,
Uganda, October 15, 1913 (Brit.; Par.); idem 493, eodem loco,
November-December, 1913 (Kew) ; R. Fyffe 235, Entebbe, Uganda
(Kew); T. D. Maitland 236, common on hillsides in grassland,
Kampala, Uganda, October, 1922 (Kew; nom. vulg., Kymyula);
idem 634B, Uganda (Kew); Nannan 601, near villages and in old
clearings, alt. 800 meters, Kokuma, Terr. Wamba, Distr. Ituri,
Belgian Congo, June 23, 1923 (Bruss.); Seret 306 (type, Bruss., 2
sheets); C. B. Ussher 1, Mabira Forest, Chagwe, Uganda, October,
1906 (Kew).
There are two ample specimens of the type. Their achenes are
wingless and the aristae lack barbs. A specimen from Uganda
(Dawe 415) has, however, many of the aristae retrorsely barbed at
the apex. This last specimen I had described in manuscript as a
new species, but later found it specifically identical with the type
specimens of Coreopsis Seretii. It may be remarked that, had De-
Wildeman relied upon the more significant presence or absence of
achenial wings instead of the presence or absence of retrorse aristal
barbs (cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 59: 308. 1915), he would have had no
hesitation in placing the species in Bidens at the outset.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXVIII
Bidens Seretii: a, flowering specimen, X0.55; b, portion of lower
surface of leaf, X2.2; c, exterior involucral bract, Xl.65; d, interior
598 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
involucral bract, Xl.65; e, ray floret, Xl.l;/, palea, Xl.65; g, disc
floret, Xl.65; h, achene, X3.31; all from Dawe 415, in Hb. Brit.
205. Bidens Stuhlmannii (0. Hoffm.) Sherff,
Bot.Gaz. 76: 158. 1923. PI. CLXIX.
Coreopsis Stuhlmannii 0. Hoffm. in Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C.
415. 1895.
Herba perennis, usque ad 1.5 m. alta, ramis saepe tetragonis
nunc glabratis nunc glanduloso-pubescentibus vel superne tomen-
tosis. Folia sessilia vel subsessilia, indivisa, nunc late oblongo-
lanceolata, nunc anguste oblonga vel elliptica, apice acuta, basi
late cuneata vel rotundato-truncata et in petiolum brevissimum
alatum subito contracta, margine grosse serrata et minute ciliata,
supra parce subter dense glanduloso-pilosa, usque ad 11 cm. longa.
Capitula ad apices ramorum plerumque solitaria, radiata, pansa ad
anthesin 5-7 cm. lata et circ. 1.5 cm. alta. Involucri bracteae circ.
4-seriatae, subaequilongae, ab 7-12 exterioribus ovato-lanceolatis
vel oblongis herbaceis undique tomentosis ad interiores angustiores
membranaceas multo minus pubescentes sensim vel abrupte transe-
untes, 1.2-1.8 cm. longae. Flores ligulati 9-12, flavi, ligula late
elliptic! vel oblanceolati, circ. 2.5-3 cm. longi. Achaenia plana,
demum lineari-oblonga et atra, utraque facie circ. 8-striata, exalata,
margine apiceque erecto-setosa, corpore 6-7.5 mm. longa et circ.
1.5 mm. lata, biaristata, aristis tenuibus, nudis vel rarius 1-3 spinulis
ad basim antrorsum hamosis, usque ad 2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by F ranz Ludwig Stuhlmann, No. 1649,
at altitude of 1,550 meters, Kitungu (Karagwe), German East
Africa, February 19, 1890 (Berl.).1
Distribution: Uganda Protectorate of British East Africa, south-
ward to the west of Lake Victoria Nyanza (Lake Ukerewe), thence
southeastward to east central German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Von Prittwitz und Gaffron 293, Meia-
Kampi-ndizi road, east central German East Africa, May 16, 1901
(Berl.; Hamb.); Stuhlmann 1649 (type, Berl.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXIX
Bidens Stuhlmannii: a, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.61;
h, separate leaf, X0.61; c, portion of leaf enlarged to show pubescence,
1 The Stuhlmann plant is taken as the type. Hoffmann cited a specimen by
Meyer first, but this was a mere scrap, utterly worthless for determination. The
fairly large and much better specimen by Stuhlmann, though cited after Meyer's,
was clearly the type from which Hoffmann's description was drawn.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXXI
BIDENS RUEPPELLII (Schz. Bip.) Sherff
THE GENUS BIDENS 599
X2.44; d, exterior involucral bract, X2.44; e, interior involucral
bract, X2.44; /, ray floret, X2.44; g, palea, X2.44; h, disc floret,
X2.44; i, j, achenes, X3.66; a, j, from Prittwitz-Gaffron 293, in Hb.
Berl.; rest from type.
206. Bidens grandis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 59: 309. 1915. PL CLXXI.
Coreopsis lineata Klatt, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 7: 103. 1892.
Coreopsis speciosa Hiern, Cat. Welw. PI. 1, part 3: 585. 1898.
Herba robusta, erecta, annua vel biennis forsan saepius peren-
nis, apicem versus ramosa, 1-2.2 m. alta; caule inferne glabrato,
plus minusve quadrangulato, ramis erecto-patentibus apicem versus
breviter hispidulis. Folia subsessilia vel petiolata petiolis usque ad
2.5 cm. longis (totum folium 4-13 cm. vel ultra longum), coriacea
vel parce submembranacea, glabrata vel utrinque breviter strigosa,
ciliata, ad margines plus minusve cartilaginea et anguste revoluta,
nunc indivisa et ovata vel raro lanceolata, nunc tripartita lobis
ovatis vel terminali interdum oblongo-lanceolato et multo longiore;
lamina foliolisve ad apicem obtusis vel interdum etiam acutis, ad
margines grosse et inaequaliter dentatis dentibus acute indurato-
apiculatis. Capitula magna, plerumque singulatim caulim ramosque
terminantia, erecta, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 5-10 cm. lata,
pedunculata; pedunculis 5-15 cm. longis, nudis vel foliatis, subro-
bustis. Involucrum setis brevibus crassis spinulosisque vestitum,
supra 2-4.5 cm. latum, bracteis biseriatis vel subtriseriatis; exteriori-
bus 9-12, foliaceis, subcarnosis, aciculato-ciliatis, apice obtusis vel
subacutis, nunc linearibus vel angustissime lineari-lanceolatis
1.6-2.3 cm. longis et interiores ovato-lanceolatas dimidio superanti-
bus, nunc (rarius) ovato-rotundatis tantum circ. 4 mm. longis et
quam interioribus ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis dimidio brevioribus.
Flores ligulati numerosi, 10-18, aurei, ligula elongata lineari-elliptici
vel interdum oblanceolati, apice acuto integri vel dentati, 2.5-3.8
cm. longi. Achaenia lineari-oblonga vel cuneato-linearia, obcom-
pressa vel plana, omnino circ. 16-sulcata, nigra, marginibus antror-
sum setuloso-ciliata, corpore circ. 1 cm. longa, apice subemarginato
dense adrecteque setulosa ac biaristata; aristis subulatis erecto-
patentibus, supra calvis, infra adrecte setulosis, 2-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Friedrich Welwitsch, No. 3537, by thickets from
N-gombe in the direction of Puri-Cacarambola, Ambaca, Angola,
October, 1856 (Brit.) is the first cited specimen. The original
description was based also upon Welwitsch's 3535, 3536, and 3538,
all from Pungo Andongo, in the same vicinity.
600 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Distribution: Tropical Africa; chiefly in Angola, but also in the
widely separated Usambara (northeastern German East Africa) and
Sidamo (southern Abyssinia) regions at the east of the continent.
Specimens examined: John Gossweiler, alt. 1,300 meters, near
Sucala (Lucalla) River at Gala Suije, Malange Region, Angola,
June, 1925 (U.S.); idem 1224, common between Lucalla (Sucala)
and Catembe on road to Malange (Malanji), Angola, May 5, 1903
(Berl.; Kew); idem 1227, District of Malange (Malanji), Angola,
June 5, 1903 (Brit.; nom. vulg., Kebullo; decocta pro vulnerum
lavatione insumpta, fide Gossweileri) ; idem 4338, open thickets,
Kaconda (Kakonda), Distr. of Benguella (Benguela), Angola,
February, 1907 (Brit.); idem 5727, here and there in Andropogon
beds at Camondai and N'dalatando, Angola, May 20, 1912 (Brit.;
forma olim pro var. Welwitschii Sherff habita); R. Houy (sub H.
Meyer o] 1213, southern Ussagara (Usagara, Uzagara), German
East Africa, November, 1911 (Berl.); L. Keil 1, Musumba, Distr.
Usambara, German East Africa, May 3, 1905 (Berl.); idem 10, alt.
2,000 meters, eodem loco, May 4, 1905 (Berl.); 0. Neumann 79, alt.
2,300-2,800 meters, Sidamo region, Abyssinia, December 24, 1900
(Berl.; forma multis aristis omnino nudis, tantum una arista [uno
hamo] retrorsum barbata visa); Alex. Von Mechow 131, Pungo-
Andongo, Angola, January-April, 1879 (Berl.; Gray); idem 394,
Malange (Malanji), Angola, January, 1880 (Berl.) ; Welwitsch 3272 pro
parte, very rare, to the left of the Caringa River, Angola, June, 1855
(Brit., type, and Kew, cotype of var. Welwitschii Sherff ined.; cum
B. Steppia var. ambacensi commixt.); idem 3535, alt. 720-1,140 m.,
Pungo-Andongo, communic. April, 1883 (Brit.; Kew); idem 3536,
frequent in open forests, especially near Sansamanda, Angola, May
1, 1857 (Brit.); idem 3537, thickets from N-gombe toward Puri-
Cacarambola, Distr. Ambaca, Angola, October, 1856 (Brit. ; necdum
bene floruit); idem 3538, alt. 720-1,140 meters, Pungo-Andongo,
Angola, communic. April, 1883 (Brit., 2 sheets; Kew).
In the Kew Herbarium, Welwitsch 3535 is mounted with Wel-
witsch 3538. These two had been regarded by Dr. Welwitsch in his
manuscript as the same species. No. 3535 is the form with sessile,
ovate, undivided but conspicuously dentate leaves represented more
or less closely by Gossweiler 4338, Neumann 79, Houy 1213, and
Von Mechow 394 ; still less so by Gossweiler 1227, which has lanceolate
leaves.1 Von Mechow 394 had been cited by Klatt (Ann. Naturh.
1 Gossweiler's field label says "see 1224 that is the same." His 1224 is good
B. grandis.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXXII
BIDENS VATKEI Sherff
OF THk
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 601
Hofmus. Wien 7: 103. 1892) for Bidens Buchneri (Klatt) Sherff. To
the type of B. Buchneri (Buchner 31) it does, indeed, offer a strong
resemblance. In fact, I have suspected that through further such
forms as Von Mechow 394, B. grandis may be proved to pass into
B. Buchneri and perhaps even be shown to be conspecific. Certain it
is that distinction is impossible in some cases except upon the ques-
tionable basis of upwardly (B. grandis) versus downwardly (B.
Buchneri) barbed aristae.1 For the present it seems wise to await
more positive data before attempting to merge the two.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXI
Bidens grandis: a, flowering branch, X0.67; b, marginal portion
of leaf, upper surface, enlarged to show hairs, X2.69; c (tripartite),
d (simple), leaves, X0.67; e, exterior involucral bract, X2.69;/, interior
involucral bract, X2.69; g, ray corolla, X 2.69; h, palea, X2.69; i,
disc floret, X2.69; ;', achene, X2.69; a, mainly (6, entirely) from
Welwitsch 3535, but partly from Welwitsch 3538, both in Hb. Kew;
c, e-j, from Welwitsch 3538, in Hb. Brit. ; d, from Gossweiler 1227,
ibid.
207. Bidens coriacea (0. Hoffm.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
81:52. 1926. PI. CLXXII.
Coreopsis coriacea 0. Hoffm. in Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. 414. 1899.
Coreopsis ruwenzoriensis S. L. Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc. 35: 345. 1902.
Bidens ruwenzoriensis (S. L. Moore) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 59: 309. 1915.
Herba erecta, elata, verisimiliter 0.6-2 m. alta; caule glaberrimo
vel ad summam interdum minute pubescenti; ramis validis, tereti-
quadrangularibus, adscendentibus. Folia sessilia, per paria plus mi-
nusve connata, oblonga vel oblongo-oblanceolata, firme membranacea,
albido-virescentia vel glaucescentia, glabra vel faciebus obscure pubes-
centia et margine ciliata, subgrosse subsimpliciterque serrata denti-
bus saepius indurato-apiculatis, principalia 10-13 cm. longa et 3-4.5
cm. lata. Capitula magna ramulos singillatim coronantia, radiata,
pansa ad anthesin plerumque 7-8 cm. lata et 1.5-2 cm. alta. Involu-
cri bracteae 3- vel 4-seriatae, glabrae vel minute pubescentes, extimae
(circ. 5) ovato-lanceolatae, foliosae et interdum sparsissime denti-
culatae, apice subacutae, usque ad 3 cm. longae et 1.5 cm. latae;
interiores vix vel manifeste breviores, lanceolatae, margine non
decoloratae. Flores ligulati circ. 12, lutei, ligula anguste ovato-
oblongi, apice undulati vel circ. 3-denticulati, 2.3-3.5 cm. longi et
1 In Neumann 79, among all the ovaries examined, one barb was found pointing
downward ; all the others were erect.
602 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
1-1.5 cm. lati; paleis lineari-lanceolatis, achaenia facile superantibus,
1-1.5 cm. longis. Achaenia atra vel atro-grisea, maxime obcom-
pressa, oblonga, basi levissime angustata, margine apiceque erecto-
setosa, utraque facie plus minusve erecto-setosa et circ. 8-sulcata,
corpore 6-9 mm. longa et 1.8-2.3 mm. lata, biaristata vel rarius
triaristata; aristis tenuibus, pro maxima parte nudis sed basim versus
1-3 setulis erectis instructis, 1.5-2.8 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Fischer, No. 367, Massai Plateau,
British and German East Africa, March 26-30, 1886 (Berl.).
Distribution: Southwestern British East Africa, in region sur-
rounding northern half of Lake Victoria Nyanza (Lake Ukerewe),
and on the Massai Plateau passing into German East Africa.
Specimens examined : R. Cummer 492, alt. 1,200 meters, dry slope,
Hamaiba Hill, Uganda, British East Africa, October, 1913 (Brit.);
G. F. S. Elliot 7410, in tall grass, Kavirondo, British East Africa,
1893-1894 (Brit.; Kew; type material of Coreopsis ruwenzoriensis
Moore) ; Fischer 367 (type, Berl. };Evan James, Libu, Nandi Country,
Uganda (Kew); herb. Jean Lebrun 4347, alt. 850-1,000 meters, near
Mt. Ruwenzori, Belgian Congo, November, 1931 (Bruss.); E. A.
Mearns 2524, alt. 650-1,110 meters, vicinity of Kabula Muliro, on
trail from Entebbe, Victoria Nyanza, to Butiaba, Albert Nyanza,
Uganda, December 26, 1909 (U.S.); idem 2625, alt. 650-1,110
meters, vicinity of Yilo, on trail from Entebbe to Butiaba, December
31, 1909 (U.S.); H. Powell 6, Kibose, British East Africa, 1906
(Kew); W. Small 1192, short-grass land at alt. 1,500 meters, foot-
hills of Mt. Elgon, British East Africa, November, 1914 (Kew);
J. D. Snowden 28, alt. 1,410 meters, Toro (Kyaka; east of and adja-
cent to Mt. Ruwenzori), Uganda, 1913 (Kew); Alexander Whyte,
from Nandi to Mumias, etc., British East Africa, 1898 (Kew,
3 sheets).
The type of Bidens rmvenzoriensis (Moore) Sherff, G. F. S. Elliot
7410, was stated by Moore to have been collected at Mt. Ruwenzori,
but the original field tag on the cotype at Kew gives, as the type
locality, Kavirondo, some 400 kilometers to the east.1 Both the
type and the cotype consisted merely of fragments from the inflores-
cence. Thus the original description was necessarily very faulty
and misleading as to general habit, size of leaves, etc. Fortunately,
there have been received at Kew several additional specimens from
1 The name ruwenzoriensis was not entirely inappropriate, since Mt. Ruwenzori
was Elliot's destination, and his herbarium labels bear the heading, "Ruwenzori
Expedition."
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXXIII
BIDENS ROTATA Sherff
Or THt
DIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 603
the same general region, which show the species to be a tall, hand-
some perennial, doubtless reaching a height of 2 meters, although
Small reported it as growing 2-3 feet. As the mutual identity of
all these specimens admits of no doubt, I have taken advantage of
them to draw up a fresh and amplified description of the species.
The type proper of B. coriacea consists of seven fragments from
the inflorescence, which offer at least a superficial resemblance to the
type of B. ruwenzoriensis. Indeed, Moore (loc. cit.) appears to have
suspected them of being the same. In the B. coriacea type the outer-
most involucral bracts, as noted by Moore, are not noticeably longer
than the inner ones, and the achenes are mainly triaristate. In the
type material of B. ruwenzoriensis, also in the material by Diimmer,by
Small, by Snowden, and by Whyte, the outermost bracts are easily
the longest and the achenes are biaristate. In a former article (Bot.
Gaz. 81 : 52. 1926) I pointed out the similarity between the two forms.
Since then I have studied the material by Sir Evan James, which has
the achenes biaristate as in the type of B. ruwenzoriensis, but the
outermost bracts not much longer than the others. With this
connecting form at hand, there appears no justification for attempt-
ing further retention of B. ruwenzoriensis as a separate species.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXII
Bidens coriacea: a, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.57; b,
exterior involucral bract, Xl.72; c, d, e, various interior involucral
bracts (c, e, X2.3; d, Xl.7); /, ray floret, Xl.7; g, palea, Xl.7; h,
disc floret, X3.44; i (outer), j (inner), achenes, X3.44; k, submature
achene, X2.29; a, from Snowden 28, in Hb. Kew; b, d, f-j, from
Scott Elliot 7410 (cotype of Bidens ruwenzoriensis [S. L. Moore]
Sherff), in Hb. Kew; c, e, k, from type of Bidens coriacea.
208. Bidens Brucei Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 97: 606. 1936.
a. Kami glabrati; achaeniorum aristis inferne robustis ±1 mm. longis.
B. Brucei sensu stricto.
a. Kami pubescentes; achaeniorum aristis omnino tenuibus ±2 mm.
longis.
b. Achaenia corpore 6-7 mm. longa var. /8. pubescent/tor.
b. Achaenia corpore 7-9 mm. longa var. 7. Swynnertonii.
Herba fruticosa, perennis, erecta, ±1.8 m. alta, caulibus ramisque
angulatis et non (nisi summam versus) pubescentibus. Folia inferne
in petiolos hispido-tomentulosos usque ad 1.5 cm. longos supra saepe
marginatos abrupto-angustata, petiolo adjecto 6-11 cm. longa et
604 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
2-4.5 cm. lata, indivisa, lanceolato-oblonga vel saepius subrhom-
boideo-ovata, grosse serrata, apice subacuta, utrinque hispida.
Capitula pauca, pedunculos subrobustos apicaliter folio-bracteatos
terminantia, radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 7 cm. lata et circ.
1.5-1.8 cm. alta. Involucri hispidi bracteae 3-4-seriales, laxe adgre-
gatae, interdum patentes vel subreflexae, subaequales, plus minusve
oblongae, apice acutae, 1-2 cm. longae, intimae apicem versus
angustatae. Flores ligulati 10-12, flavi, ligula oblongi vel lineares,
apice parce denticulati, 3-4 cm. longi et 0.6-1.6 cm. lati. Paleae
oblonge lineares, apice subacuto coloratae alibi stramineae, 1.1-1.4
cm. longae. Achaenia late vel anguste oblongo-linearia, obcom-
pressa, nigra, utraque facie circ. 8-sulculata, exalata, marginibus et
facierum lineis perspicue erecteque papillato-setulosa, corpore 6-8
mm. longa et 1-2 mm. lata, apice erecte pauci-setosa et 2- (vel faciei
ventralis costa mediana extensa saepe sub-3-) aristata aristis inferne
robustis erecto-setosisque superne nudis tenuibusque ±1 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Miss E. M. Bruce (for whom
named), No. 26, at altitude of 660 meters, Ulugurue, Morogoro,
German East Africa, October 25, 1934 (Kew; nom. vulg., m-luga).
Distribution : Southeastern German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Bruce 26 (type, Kew); B. D. Burtt 4696,
herb 3-4 ft. tall, on steep grass slopes, alt. 900 meters, Ulugurue
Mts., above Morogoro, May 9, 1933 (Kew, 2 sheets).
Bidens Brucei var. /3. pubescentior Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 97: 607. 1936.
A specie caulibus ramisque breviter patenti-hispidulis achaeni-
orum minorum (corpore 6-7 mm. longorum) apice numerose
erecteque setoso aristis regulariter 2 tenuissimis ±2 mm. longis non
nisi base ipsa setosis differt.
Type specimen: Collected by G. B. Wallace, No. 294, herb 6 feet
tall, at altitide of 900 meters, Morogoro District, German East
Africa, February 16, 1932 (Kew; nom. vulg., luzasu).
Distribution: Southeastern German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Wallace 294 (type, Kew).
Bidens Brucei var. 7. Swynnertonii Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 97: 607. 1936.
A var. pubescentiore achaeniis corpore 7-9 mm. longis et 2-2.2
mm. latis floribus ligulatis (tan turn 8 pro singulo capitulo visis)
forsan paucioribus differt.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXXIV
OF THk
8HWEHSITY OF
THE GENUS BIDENS 605
Type specimen: Collected by C. F. M. Swynnerton, No. 859,
Hiwaga, German East Africa, April-June, 1921 (Brit.).
Distribution : Southeastern German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Swynnerton 859 (type, Brit.); idem 860,
Kigobcra, May- June, 1921 (Brit.).
209. Bidens Crataegifolia (0. Hoffm.) Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 76: 158. 1923. PI. CLXXIII.
Coreopsis Crataegifolia 0. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 431. 1901.
. Herba perennis; caule lignescenti, nunc simplici et monocephalo,
nunc ramoso et pluribus capitulis coronato, infra interdum glabres-
centi, superne glanduloso-piloso, verisimiliter circ. 5-10 dm. alto.
Folia subcoriacea, circumambitu ovato-lanceolata vel etiam lance-
olata, basi in petiolum alatum 2-3 cm. longum angustata, petiolo
adjecto 7-10 cm. longa et 2.5-3.5 cm. lata, utrinque scabro-pilosa,
grosse dentata vel irregulariter et non profunde pinnatisecta, seg-
mentis lateralibus acutis usque ad 17 mm. longis et 7 mm. latis
dentibus calloso-apiculatis; folia suprema anguste oblonga vel etiam
lineari-lanceolata, sessilia, integra, minora. Capitula magna, breviter
pedunculata, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 6-7 cm. lata et 1-1.7 cm.
alta. Involucri hemisphaerici basi glanduloso-villosi bracteae
exteriores 7-11, oblongo-lineares, pilosae, apice callosae, 1-1.5 cm.
longae; interiores paulo breviores, minus pilosae, ovato-lanceolatae,
obtuse acuminatae. Flores ligulati circ. 8, ligula elliptici vel elliptico-
oblanceolati, apice obtuso non perspicue denticulati, 3-3.5 cm. longi
et 7-10 mm. lati. Achaenia submatura obcompressa, exalata,
brunneo-nigrescentia, linearia, 6-6.5 mm. longa et 1-1.5 mm. lata,
faciebus glabra, margine et apice inter aristas antrorsum setosa,
biaristata aristis nudis circ. 0.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by W. Goetze, No. 851, on unforested
slopes at altitude of 1,800 meters, Yawulanda Mountain, Living-
stone Mountains, German East Africa, April 18, 1899 (Berl.).
Distribution: German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Goetze 851 (type, Berl.: cotype, Brit.).
Native name said to be "maharrama." The foliage strongly
suggests in outline that of some species of Crataegus. Hoffmann (loc.
cit.) described the ovaries as winged, but a careful search through his
type material shows that he used the term carelessly, for there is
no trace of definite wings such as are usually found in true Coreopsis.
606 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Their absence on the many submature achenes examined makes it
appear preferable to class the species with Bidens.
The type sheet bears merely small, simple-stemmed plants.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXIII
Bidens Crataegifolia: a, flowering branch, X0.62; b, detached leaf,
X0.62; /, lower surface of portion of leaf magnified to show pubes-
cence, X2.5; d, exterior involucral bract, X2.5; e, interior involucral
bract, X2.5; /, ray corolla, Xl.25; g, palea, X2.5; h, disc floret,
X3.74; i, submature achene, X3.74; all from type.
210. Bidens kilimandscharica (0. Hoffm.) Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 59: 309. 1915. PL CLXXIV.
Coreopsis kilimandscharica 0. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 20: 234. 1894.
Achaeniorum aristae glabrae vel ad basim antrorsum setosae.
B. kilimandscharica sensu stricto.
Achaeniorum aristae ad apicem saepissime retrorsum hamosae.
var. /8. retrorsa.
Erecta, perennis, 1-2.3 m. alta, subramosa (forsan valde ramosa)
ramis herbaceis, aliter frutici non dissimilis sed verisimiliter nullo
tempore frutex verus; caule ramisque obtuse tetragonis vel sub-
teretibus, tomentulosis. Folia summa sessilia, cetera inferne sensim
abrupteve angustata in petiolum latum 0.5-2.5 cm. longum, petiolo
adjecto 3-9 cm. longa, utrinque densissime tomentulosa; nunc indi-
visa, oblonga vel ovata, basi truncata vel rotundata vel grosse
cuneata, margine grosse crenata vel lobulata; nunc polymorpha,
varie plus minusve (saepe profunde) sinuato-pinnatifida, dentibus
lobisque rotundatis, ad apicem nunc obtusis, nunc calloso-mucro-
natis. Capitula magna, ad apices ramorum solitaria vel in cymis
oligocephalis disposita, breviter pedunculata, radiata, ad anthesin
5-8 cm. lata et 9-11 mm. alta. Involucrum tomentulosum ; bracteis
exterioribus 9-11, late lineari-oblongis, apice obtusis, 8-15 mm.
longis, demum reflexis; interioribus lanceolatis subaequilongis.
Flores ligulati 8-11, aurei, ligula elliptico-oblanceolati, apice subin-
tegri, 2.5-4 cm. longi. Achaenia lineari-oblonga, valde obcom-
pressa, nigrescentia, ad margines apicemque antrorsum ciliata, ad
facies breviter pilosa, corpore 6-7 mm. longa et 1.5 forsan raro 2
mm. lata, biaristata; aristis de apice fere usque ad basim plerumque
glaberrimis sed basi ipsa antrorsum setosis, 1-2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by W. L. Abbott, Kilimanjaro, German
East Africa, 1890 (Berl.).1
1 Abbott's specimen was the first one cited by Hoffmann. This was followed
by Volkens 398 and 537.
THE GENUS BIDENS 607
Distribution: British East Africa and German East Africa,
where common especially from Mt. Kenia to Mt. Kilimanjaro;
occurring also in Angola.
Specimens examined: W. L. Abbott, Kilimanjaro, 1890 (type,
Berl.: cotype, U.S.); E. Battiscombe 78, alt. 2,700-3,000 meters,
Mt. Kenia, British East Africa, June 24, 1909 (Brit.); Rudolph
Endlich 400, alt. 1,150 meters, forest-covered steppe, Kibohohe,
Kilimanjaro, June, 1909 (Berl.); idem 400a, alt. 1,300 meters,
Kibognoto, Kilimanjaro, July, 1909 (Berl.); H.M.Gardner 1416,
alt. 2,250 meters, Maji Mazuri, British East Africa (Kew); John
Gossweiler 3640, thicket-grown pasturage, Valley of River Kubal,
near Kaconda, Angola, March, 1907 (Brit.); F. Jaeger 192, dry
steppes, north slopes of Gua Mts., Iraku, German East Africa,
September 14, 1906 (Berl., 2 sheets) ; H. H. Johnston ( Kilimanjaro
Exped.} 190, alt. 1,290 meters, 1884 (Kew); T. Kassner 870,
Galunka, British East Africa, May 30, 1902 (Berl.; Brit.; Kew);
T. H. Marshall 5, Moshi, German East Africa, 1927 (Kew) ; W. E.
Taylor, eastern equatorial Africa, 1888 (Brit.); Carl Uhlig 414,
bush region, southwestern Meru, German East Africa, October 21,
1904 (Berl.) ; idem 480, alt. 1,600 meters, in meadows, above Enzonzo
Enzare, November 13, 1901 (Berl.); Georg Volkens 398, alt. 1,500
meters, abundant on grassy plateau, Distr. Uschiri, Kilimanjaro,
June 14, 1893 (Berl.; Brit.); idem 537, alt. 1,200 meters, among
bushes on road to the steppe, Distr. Marangu, German East Africa,
July 6, 1893 (Berl.; Hamb.).
The branches as preserved in herbaria have the appearance of
having come from a large, coarse herb. Uhlig, however, labeled
his No. 414 a shrub ("Strauch d. Strauchregion") and Volkens, in
labeling his own No. 537, likewise described it as a shrub ("Strauch
bis 2 m. hoch"). The other collectors are silent upon this point.
Hoffmann's description (loc. cit.) of the species as a shrub doubtless
was based upon Volkens' label. It is doubtful, however, if the plants
form true woody shrubs (frutices) in the common sense of the term.
The discontinuous distribution shown by the occurrence of this
species in Angola as well as in British and German East Africa is
notable. The Angola plant (Gossweiler 3640) was carefully compared
with Kassner 870 from British East Africa and found to match well.
Bidens kilimandscharica var. (3. retrorsa Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 92:202. 1931.
A specie achaeniorum aristis ad apicem saepissime retrorsum
hamosis differt.
608 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Type specimen: Collected by A. E. Haarer, No. 1472, at altitude
of about 1,200 meters, Doloti, Moshi District, German East Africa,
August, 1928 (Kew).
Distribution : Known only from type locality in German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Haarer 1472 (type, Kew).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXIV
Bidens kilimandscharica: a, flowering and fruiting specimen,
X0.65; 6, exterior involucral bract, X3.27; c, interior involucral
bract, X3.27; d, ray corolla, Xl.63; e, palea, X3.27; /, disc floret,
X3.27; g, achene, X3.27; all from Kassner 870, in Hb. Brit.
211. Bidens rhodesiana Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 91: 309. 1931.
PI. CLXX, figs. j-p.
Herba perennis, erecta, ramosa, verisimiliter circ. 8-10 dm. alta,
breviter denseque hispida, caule ramisque tetragonis, internodiis
elongatis. Folia subsessilia vel petiolata petiolis alatis usque ad
circ. 1.3 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 3-7 cm. longa (inferiora non
visa), membranacea sed rigidula, circumambitu nunc late nunc
anguste deltoideo-ovata, pinnata; foliolis lateralibus 1-2 jugis ovatis
terminali ovato lanceolatove, omnibus dentatis dentibus obtusis vel
etiam orbiculatis sed acriter mucronulatis. Capitula pauca, longe
tenuiterque pedunculata, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 5-6 cm. lata
et circ. 1-1.2 cm. alta. Involucri bracteae dorsaliter hispidae
exteriores circ. 8, nunc lineari-oblongae nunc etiam oblongo-ovatae,
apicaliter obtusae, circ. 4-8 mm. longae; interiores ovato-lanceolatae,
9-12 mm. longae. Flores ligulati circ. 9, flavi, ligula oblongo-
oblanceolati, apice obscure 3-denticulati, 2-2.5 cm. longi. Paleae
lineari-oblongae, circ. 7-8 mm. longae. Achaenia plana, atrobrunnea,
lineari-oblonga, basim versus paulum angustata, faciebus glabra,
utraque facie circ. 8-sulcata, marginibus antrorsum setosa, apice
antrorsum setosa ac biaristata; aristis tenuibus, glabris, plerumque
1-1.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by A. J. Teague, No. 226, in the
Odzani River Valley, District of Manica, Division of Umtali,
southern Rhodesia, 1914 (Kew).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Southern
Rhodesia.
Specimens examined: Teague 226 (type, Kew).
The leaves of the specimen illustrated (Plate CLXX, figs, j-p)
resemble closely those of Bidens ukambensis. A second specimen on
THE GENUS BIDENS 609
the type sheet has the leaves more elongate, with the terminal
leaflet having a narrowly lanceolate terminal lobe. The achenes
are easily distinguished from those of B. ukambensis.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXX, FIGS. j-p
Bidem rhodesiana: j, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.63;
k, exterior involucral bract, X3.75; I, interior involucral bract,
X3.75; m, ray floret, X2.5; n, palea, X3.75; o, disc floret, X5; p,
achene, X5; all from type.
212. Bidens ukambensis S. L. Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc.
35: 350. 1902. PI. CLXX, figs. ar4.
Tomentuloso-pubescens, verisimiliter elata ac perennis; ramulis
subteretibus, solidis, sparsim foliosis. Folia subsessilia vel petiolata
petiolis usque ad 1.5 cm. longis (totum folium 3-5 cm. longum),
leviter profundeve et pinnatim trisecta; segmentis ovatis, acutis,
paucidentatis vel intermedio saepe trilobulato, dentibus acute
indurato-mucronatis. Capitula subsessilia vel saepius pedunculata
pedunculis usque ad 6 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin ±3 cm.
lata et ±8 mm. alta. Involucrum valde tomentuloso-hispidum;
bracteis exterioribus 8-11, anguste lanceolatis, acutiusculis, demum
squarroso-reflexis, 7-10 mm. longis; interioribus similibus, 9-12
mm. longis. Flores ligulati circ. 8, flavi, ligula obovato-oblongi,
apice integri, circ. 1.5 cm. longi et involucrum multo superantes.
Achaenia lineari-oblonga, acute tetragona, obcompressa, nigrescentia,
omnino obsolete circ. 16-sulcata, apice angulisque adrecte setosa,
faciebus subsparsim et breviter pilosa; corpore receptaculi paleas
haud excedente 6-8 mm. longa et circ. 1.3 mm. lata, 2-4- (saepius
3- raro 4-) aristata; aristis tenuibus, fuscis, erectis, basi adrecte
setulosis, alibi levibus vel supra saepe unco unico prominulo instruc-
tis, 2-2.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by G. F. Scott Elliot, No. 6462, at
altitude of 1,500-1,800 meters, in Ukamba, British East Africa,
1893-1894 (Brit.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Ukamba, British
East Africa.
Specimens examined : G. F. S. Elliot 6462 (type, Brit. : cotype,
Kew).
Moore compared this species in his manuscript with Bidens
robustior and meant to describe it in print as near to that species —
"near the last." Unfortunately, there happened a misarrangement
610 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
(fide correctionis in bibliotheca Brit.) of the text at the hands of the
printer, as a result of which the "last" turned out unintentionally
to be "Bidens leucantha Willd."
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXX, FIGS, d-l
Bidens ukambensis: a, b, upper leaves, X0.63; c, portion of leaf
enlarged to show tomentose surface, X3.75; d, exterior involucral
bract, X3.75; e, interior involucral bract, X3.75; /, ray corolla,
X2.5; g, palea, X3.75; h, disc floret, X3.75; i, achene, X5; all from
cotype in Hb. Kew.
213. Bidens Volkensii O. Hoffm. in Engler, Pflanzenw.
Ost-Afr. C: 415. 1895. PI. CLXXV.
Herba perennis, erecta, probabiliter 5-9 dm. alta, caule sulcato
subteretique, ramis dense sed breviter subglanduloso-pilosis. Folia
petiolata petiolis 4-9 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2-4 cm. longa,
remota, circumambitu plus minusve ovata, indivisa vel triloba,
grosse crenata, dense piloso-pubescentia, dentibus acriter calloso-
apiculatis. Capitula longissime pedunculata cymam oligocephalam
laxam formantia pedunculis tenuibus usque ad 18 cm. longis, radiata,
pansa ad anthesin circ. 2-2.5 cm. lata et 7-8 mm. alta. Involucri
bracteae villosae, exteriores circ. 6-8, lineares, obtusae vel acriter
apiculatae, erectae vel reflexae, circ. 4-5 mm. longae, quam interiores
membranaceae lanceolatae multo breviores. Flores ligulati 5-8,
lutei, ligula elliptici vel ovato-lanceolati, apice denticulati. Achaenia
lineari-oblanceolata, obcompressa, atra, antrorsum plus minusve
setoso-hispida, faciebus 8-sulcata, corpore 5-6 mm. longa et circ. 1 mm.
lata, biaristata aristis retrorsum hamosis circ. 1.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Georg Volkens, No. 1694, on the
Quare1 River below Madwame, Kilimanjaro region, eastern equato-
rial Africa, December 26, 1893 (Berl.).
Distribution: Region of Mt. Kilimanjaro, eastern equatorial
Africa.
Specimens examined: Volkens 1694 (type, Berl.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXV
Bidens Volkensii: a, flowering branch, X0.7; b, exterior involucral
bract, X5.6; c, interior involucral bract, X4.2; d, ray floret, X2.1;
e, palea, X4.2; /, disc floret, X5.6; g, achene, X4.2; all from type.
] Spelled Ouri on Volkens' label. Same as Limpopo River.
THE GENUS BIDENS 611
214. Bidens lineata Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 84. 1923.
PL CLXXVI.
Herba gracilis, forsan perennis, verisimiliter 5-7 dm. alta; caule
moderatim ramoso, subtetragono, sulcato, breviter setoso, internodiis
quam foliis plerumque multo longioribus. Folia subsessilia vel
breviter petiolata petiolis 2-6 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto 1-4 cm.
longa, pinnata; foliolis 3 vel 5, dentatis vel pinnatisectis; lobis
linearibus vel lanceolatis, ciliatis et ad costas setosis, aliter hispidis
vel etiam fere glabratis, apice plerumque acriter indurato-apiculatis.
Capitula radiata, pauca, singillatim fines ramorum terminantia,
pansa ad anthesin circ. 3-3.5 cm. lata et 7-8 mm. alta; pedunculis
tenuibus 7-15 cm. longis. Involucri bracteae subaequales, 4-7 mm.
longae, dorso hispidae, exteriores late lineares, supra saepe latiores,
apice obtusae. Flores ligulati 6-8, flavi, elliptico-oblanceolati, apice
minute et obscure denticulati, 1.2-1.6 cm. longi. Achaenia nigra, line-
ari-clavata, tumido-obcompressa, utraque facie 8-sulcata, marginibus
et supra inter sulcosantrorsumhispidavel tuberculato-hispida, corpore
circ. 5 mm. longa et 1.2-1.5 mm. lata, tenuiterbiaristata, aristis lineatis
vel lineis rectis valde similibus, retrorsum hamosis, circ. 2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Rudolph Endlich, No. 117, at
altitude of 1,500 meters, on grass steppe, Kilimanjaro, German
East Africa, summer of 1909 (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Kilimanjaro,
German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Endlich 117 (type, Berl.).
The type specimen had been determined at Berlin as Coreopsis
exaristata 0. Hoffm. (Bidens microcarpa Sherff), to which it does
bear a strong resemblance. The characters of the involucre and of
the aristate achenes, however, are very distinct.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXVI
Bidens lineata: a, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.62; b, lower
surface of portion of leaf, enlarged to show pubescence, X3.72;
c, exterior involucral bract, X3.1; d, interior involucral bract, X3.1;
e, ray corolla, X2.48;/, palea, X3.1; g, disc floret, X3.1; h, achene,
X3.72; all from type.
215. Bidens Aspilioides (Baker) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
94: 590. 1933.
Coreopsis Aspilioides Baker, Kew Bull. 1898: 153. 1898.
Herba perennis, erecta; caulibus circ. 3-6 dm. altis, ramosis,
hispidis, remote foliatis. Folia opposita, sessilia, lanceolata, adscen-
612 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
dentia, integra vel parce dentata, utrinque viridia, scabra, circ.
7.5-10 cm. longa. Capitula radiata, ad apices ramorum solitaria
vel pauca corymbosa. Involucrum campanulatum, 8 mm. altum,
bracteis aequilongis lanceolatis foliaceis hispidis. Flores ligulati,
aurantiaci; ligulis apice profunde fissis, circ. 1.2 cm. longis. Paleae
lanceolatae, rigidae, 6-8 mm. longae. Achaenia faciebus margini-
busque glabra, apice biaristata aristis parvis lanceolatisque.
Type specimen: Collected by Alexander Whyte, at altitude of
750-1,050 meters, Zomba, Nyassaland.1
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Nyassaland.
Specimens examined : None.
216. Bidens Schweinfurthii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 59: 309. 1915.
PL CLXXVII.
Coreopsis linearifolia Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 390.
1877.
Bidens linearifolia (Oliv. & Hiern) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 70: 109. 1920;
non B. linearifolia Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 307.
1852-1857.
Perennis, erecta, 1.2-1.5 m. alta; caule inferne subtereti, superne
angulato, purpurascenti, e basi lignea, simplici vel supra parce
ramoso, glabro. Folia crassiuscula, marginibus induratis revoluta
involutave et scabrido-ciliata, aliter glabrata; principalia plerumque
elongato-linearia atque indivisa, utrinque longe acuminata, non dis-
tincte petiolata, 5-15 cm. longa et 5-8 (interdum -16) mm. lata;
quaedam alia (praesertim minora) saepe irregulariter et profunde bi-
vel trisecta, lobis linearibus acutisque. Capitula pauca, 1-3 in
unico ramulo, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 3.5-5 cm. lata et 1.3-1.6
cm. alta, pedunculata pedunculis 1-12 cm. longis. Involucrum basi
hispido-scabridum; bracteis exterioribus 7-9, linearibus vel lineari-
lanceolatis, glabris vel raro margine parce spinuloso-ciliatis, crassius-
culis, supra quandoque angustatis, apice obtusis acutisve, 9-13 mm.
longis, interiores lanceolatas aequantibus. Flores ligulati 8-16,
flavi, ligula anguste elliptico-lanceolati, apice saepius tridentati,
2.3-2.8 cm. longi. Achaenia lineari-oblonga, valde obcompressa vel
plana, subnigra vel nigrescentia, utraque facie circ. 8-sulcata, ad
angulos marginesque setis suberectis patentibusve et tuberculo
insidentibus setosa; apice vel valde setosa et biaristata aristis tenui-
bus calvis 0.3-1.1 mm. longis, vel saepe exaristata; corpore 9-12
mm. longa, paleas parce superantia.
1 Type apparently lost.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXXV
BIDENS D1ELSII Sherff
OF THt
THE GENUS BIDENS 613
Type specimen: Collected by Georg August Schweinfurth, Ser.
II, No. 27, steppes near Agada, Djur-land (Jur-land), October 20,
1869 (Kew).
Distribution: Uganda (in British East Africa) and northwestward
into Djur-land (of southeastern Sudan and to the northeast of the
Belgian Congo) ; apparently also in Belgian Congo.
Specimens examined: M. T. Dawe 914, Acholi Country, Uganda
(Kew); Lathomvers, Niaramba (Belgian Congo?), May 10, 1932
(Mus. Cong., 3 sheets; forma); Schweinfurth II, 27 (type, Kew:
cotypes, Berl.; Brit.; Par.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXVII
Bidens Schweinfurthii: a (lower), 6 and c (upper), portions of
flowering specimens, X0.68; d, e, tripartite leaves, X0.68;/, exterior
involucral bract, X2.05; g, interior involucral bract, X2.05; h, ray
corolla, Xl.37; i, palea, X2.05; j, disc floret, X2.73; A;, achene,
X2.73; a-c, f-h, j, from type; d, e, i, k, from Dawe 914, in Hb. Kew.
217. Bidens nyikensis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 50. 1926.
PL CLXXVIII.
Herba, verisimiliter perennis; caule simplici forsan ramoso,
angulato, glabro vel ad summam piloso, ±3 dm. alto. Folia petiolata
petiolis ciliatis anguste alatis 2.5-3.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto
4-11 cm. longa, pinnata, 3-5-partita; foliolis parce membranaceis,
late linearibus vel rhomboideo-lanceolatis, 0.2-1.8 cm. latis, integris
vel lateraliter 1-2 lobis instructis, margine revolutis spinuloso-cili-
atisque, omnibus segmentis apice acutis. Capitula solitaria, termi-
nalia, moderatim pedunculata pedunculo piloso usque ad 6 cm. longo,
radiata, pansa ad anthesin ±3 cm. lata et ±9 mm. alta. Involucri
hispidi bracteae exteriores circ. 8, moderatim vel late lineares, apice
subacutae, 7-9 mm. longae et 1.2-2 mm. latae, interiores lanceo-
latae circ. 9-11 mm. longae. Flores ligulati circ. 8-10, flavi, tantum
immaturi visi. Achaenia atra, lineari-oblonga, obcompressa, duabus
faciebus non nisi ad summam hispida sed quaque circ. 8 sulculis
lineata, margine apiceque valde erecto-ciliata, corpore 6.5-8.5 mm.
longa et 2-2.7 mm. lata, biaristata; aristis tenuibus, supra sparsissime
infra saepe dense erecto-hispidis, 2-3 mm. longis, palearum apices
coloratos parce superantibus.
Type specimen: Collected by Alexander Whyte, No. 191, at
altitude of 1,800-2,100 meters, Nyika Plateau, British Central
African Protectorate, June, 1896 (Kew).
614 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Distribution: Known only from Nyika Plateau, British Central
African Protectorate.
Specimens examined: Whyte 191 (type, Kew).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXVIII
Bidens nyikensis: a, fruiting specimen, X0.63; 6, portion of leaf,
magnified to show bristly edge, X12.6; c, exterior involucral bract,
X3.78; d, interior involucral bract, X3.78; e, ray floret, X3.78; /,
g, paleae, X3.78; h, i, disc florets, X3.78; ;, k, achenes, X3.78; all
from type.
218. Bidens Rogersii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 52. 1926.
PI. CLXXIX.
Herba perennis, erecta, glabra, simplex forsitan ramosa, ±5
dm. alta. Folia petiolata petiolis alatis 0.5-3 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto 4-8 cm. longa, pinnatim 3-7-partita; foliolis crassiusculis,
margine revolutis et sparsim ciliatis, linearibus, lateralibus usque ad
5 cm. longis, terminali elongato usque ad 7 cm. longo, omnibus
integris vel pinnatisectis dentibus (lobulis) linearibus patentibus.
Capitula solitaria, longe pedunculata, forsitan radiata (nullis ligulis
visis), involucro ad anthesin ±2.3 cm. lato et ±1.1 cm. alto. Involu-
cri bracteae aequilongae, exteriores circ. 8, lineares, infra hispidae,
apice acutae, 0.9-1.2 cm. longae; interiores ovato-lanceolatae, mar-
gine decoloratae, dorso glabratae vel parce hispidae. Achaenia
submatura nigrescentia, lineari-oblonga vel lineari-oblanceolata,
valde obcompressa, utraque facie circ. 8-sulcata, margine apiceque
valde faciebus aegre erecto-setosa, corpore 6-8 mm. longa et 1.8-2.2
mm. lata, biaristata; aristis tenuibus, calvis vel sparsim erecto-setosis,
2-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by F. A. Rogers, No. 10046, Sakania,
Belgian Congo, August 18, 1911 (Kew).
Distribution: Known only from type locality, Sakania, Belgian
Congo.
Specimens examined : Rogers 10046 (type, Kew).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXIX
Bidens Rogersii: a, subfruiting specimen, X0.63; b, exterior
involucral bract, X3.78; c, interior involucral bract, X3.78; d, very
immature ray floret, X9.45; e, palea, X3.78; /, disc floret, X3.78;
g, h, submature achenes, X3.78; all from type.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXXVI
BIDENS NEUMANNII Sherff
THE GENUS BIDENS 615
219. Bidens chaetodonta Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 387. 1930.
PI. CLXXX, figs, a, c-i.
Coreopsis abyssinica Schz. Bip. in Walp. Repert. 6: 163. 1846.
Verbesina abyssinica (Schz. Bip.) A. Richard, Tent. Fl. Abyssin. 1:
409. 1847.
Prestinaria (Steppia} abyssinica Schz. Bip. in Herb. Schimp. Abyssin.
sect. I, No. 332 ex 0. & H. in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 389. 1877.
Foliorum segmenta principalia anguste linearia circ. 1.5-3 mm. lata.
var. /3. glabrior.
Foliorum segmenta principalia late linearia vel lineari-lanceolata,
plerumque 4-9 mm. lata Bidens chaetodonta sensu stricto.
Herba perennis, erecta, 6-10 dm. alta, caule saepe subtetragono
inferne glabra superne plerumque scabrido-pubescens. Folia oppo-
sita, principalia petiolata petiolis planis anguste marginatis inferne
saepe hispido-ciliatis usque ad 4.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 7-15
cm. longa, circumambitu ovata vel deltoidea, 2-3-pinnatisecta,
saepius 5-7-partita; foliolis saepius oblonge linearibus vel lineari-
lanceolatis, terminaliter elongatis et integris, apice acutis, basaliter
angustatis et remote dentatis dentibus acerrimis nunc elongatis
perspicuisque nunc parvis capilliformibusque, infra pallidioribus,
margine ciliatis, faciebus plus minusve scabrido-hispidis, saepius
4-9 mm. latis. Capitula tenuiter pedicellata pedicellis hispidis 1-12
cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2-4 cm. lata et 7-9 mm. alta.
Involucri bracteae exteriores 10-14, lineares, dorso plerumque
glabrae, marginibus superne scabrido-ciliatae, 8-12 mm. longae et
circ. 1 mm. altae, interioribus lanceolatis dorsaliter hispidis saepius
aequales. Flores ligulati circ. 8, aurei, ligula elliptico-oblongi,
apice rotundato obscure denticulati, 1.2-2 cm. longi et 3-5 mm. lati.
Paleae lineari-oblongae, apice obtusae, glabrae, ±7.5 mm. longae.
Achaenia valde obcompressa, nunc late nunc anguste lineari-oblonga,
atra, utraque facie adpresse setosa et circ. 8-sulcata, marginibus
erecto-setosa, margines versus tenuissime et non distincte alata,
corpore circ. 4-4.5 mm. longa et 1.2-1.5 mm. lata, apice setosa et
biaristata; aristis tenuibus, stramineis, antrorsum hispidis, circ. 1-1.6
mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Wilhelm Schimper, No. 332, in the
upper region, northern side, of Mt. Scholoda, Abyssinia, October 3,
1837 (Par.).
Distribution: Abyssinia.
616 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Specimens examined: Chiovenda 3151, Semien, Prov. Amhara,
December 7, 1909 (Flor., 2 sheets) ; Ellenbeck 1622, alt. 2,600 meters,
Mt. Furi, Schoa, November 2, 1900 (Berl. ; forma foliis minus divisis) ;
A. Petit, Abyssinia (Par.); idem, Chir4 (Berl.); Quartin-Dillon,
Abyssinia (Par.); Schimper 332 (type, Par.: cotypes, Berl.; Gray;
Kew; Par., 4 sheets).
Bidens chaetodonta var. /3. glabrior (0. & H.) Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 90: 388. 1930. PI. CLXXX, fig. 6.
A specie foliolis anguste linearibus tantum 1.5-3 mm. latis
inferioribus saepe pinnatisectis differt.
Type specimen: Collected by Antonio Petit at Chire", Abyssinia
(Kew).
Distribution: Eritrea and Abyssinia.
Specimens examined: R. E. Cheesman, alt. 2,010 meters, Dancila,
40 miles south of Lake Tana, May 9, 1926 (Brit.); Ellenbeck 1566,
alt. above 2,000 meters, Akaki, South Schoa, August 13, 1900 (Berl.) ;
idem 1592, alt. about 2,300 meters, Adis Abeba, Schoa, October 3,
1900 (Berl.); idem 1614, growing 1 meter high, alt. 2,300 meters,
Akaki, South Schoa, December 26, 1900 (Berl.); A. Pappi 5205,
alt. about 2,610 meters, Mt. Zagher, Eritrea, May 20, 1902 (Flor.);
A. Petit, Chir£ (type, Kew); idem 138, eodem loco, August, 1840
(Par.); idem 587, eodem loco (Par.); Hugh Scott, alt. 2,850 meters,
Mt. Chillalo, November, 1926 (Kew).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXX
Bidens chaetodonta, figs, a, c-i: a, flowering branch, X0.61;
c, exterior involucral bract, X4.86; d, interior involucral bract, X4.86;
e, portion of d, magnified more highly to show basally flattened
median hairs, X24; /, ray corolla, X2.43; g, palea, X4.86; h, disc
corolla, X4.86; i, achene, X4.86; all from type and cotypes, in
Hb. Par.
Bidens chaetodonta var. glabrior, fig. b: cauline leaf, X0.61; from
type.
220. Bidens Rueppellii (Schz. Bip.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90:
389. 1930. PI. CLXXXI.
Coreopsis Rueppellii Schz. Bip. in Walp. Repert. 6: 163. 1846.
Verbesina Ruppellii (Schz. Bip.) A. Richard, Fl. Tent. Abyssin. 1:
410. 1847.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXXVII
BIDENS TERNATA (Chiov.) Sherff
THE GENUS BIDENS 617
Verbesina Rueppellii (Schz. Bip.) A. Rich, ex Vatke, Linnaea 39:
499. 1875.
Herba perennis, erecta, verisimiliter usque ad 1 m. alta, caule
subsimplici subtereti scabrido-pubescenti supra corymbose. Folia
brevissime petiolata petiolis alato-marginatis raro usque ad 1 cm.
longis, omnino 4-10 cm. longa, pinnatim 3-5-partita; foliolis scabris,
siccis subrigidis, acriter dentatis dentibus mucronato-setigeris inter-
dum elongatis, lateralibus ovato-lanceolatis, terminali majore circ.
2-3 cm. lato. Capitula subtenuiter pedunculata pedunculis usque ad
8 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 5 cm. lata et circ. 8-10
mm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores 11-18, lineari-spathulatae,
pallidae, supra spinuloso-ciliatae, dorso fere glabratae vel saepius
secundum costam medianam hispidae, apice nitidenti callosoque
acerrimae, 6-10 mm. longae et 1-1.5 (vel etiam -2.5) mm. latae;
interiores oblongo-lanceolatae subaequales, apice attenuate valde
pubescentes, dorso inter margines flavido-diaphanas atro-brunneae
ac pilis albescentibus (medianis inferne lato-membranaceis) valde
hispidae. Flores ligulati circ. 12, aurei, ligula lineari-elliptici, apice
integri, 4-6 mm. lati. Paleae lineari-oblongae, nitidae, secundum
medium linea duplici colorata percursae, circ. 5 mm. longae. Achae-
nia immatura plana, anguste lineari-oblanceolata, erecto-ciliata,
faciebus superne adpresso-setosa, corpore circ. 3.5 mm. longa et
circ. 0.5 mm. lata, apice erecto-setosa et biaristata aristis filiformibus
antrorsum hispidis circ. 0.5-1 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Eduard Ruppell at Siemen, Abys-
sinia, in August or September:, 1832 (Par.).
Distribution: Abyssinia.
Specimens examined: Emilio Chiovenda 2906, Dara, Uoghera,
Prov. Amhara, November 28, 1909 (Flor.); idem 2930, Debarek,
Semien, Prov. Amhara, November 29, 1909 (Flor., 2 sheets) ; Ruppell,
Siemen, August or September, 1832 (type, Par.); Wilhelm Schimper
(itin. abyssin. sect. V, No. 706B, ed. Buchinger ann. 1854), Abyssinia
(Par., 2 sheets).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXXI
Bidens Rueppellii: a, flowering branch, X0.6; b-d, separate
leaves, X0.6; e, exterior involucral bract, X4.23;/, interior involucral
bract (the somewhat numerous basally flattened median hairs not
so shown here), X4.23; g, ray floret, Xl.81; h, palea, X4.23; i, disc
floret, X4.83; j, achene, X4.23; a, c-e, g, i, j, from Chiovenda 2930, 2
sheets in Hb. Flor.; b, f, h, from Rueppell's fragment on type sheet.
618 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
221. Bidens Vatkei Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 388. 1930.
PI. CLXXXII.
Coreopsis chrysantha Vatke, Linnaea 39: 499. 1875; non L. Sp. PI.
ed. 2. 2: 1282. 1763.
Herba perennis, erecta e radice lignea crassaque, pallida, 6-12 dm.
alta; caulibus tenuibus, subtetragonis, striatis, inferne glabris, superne
hispidulis subsimplicibusque. Folia tenuiter petiolata petiolis his-
pido-ciliatis dorso plerumque glabris usque ad 4 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto 5-12 cm. longa, tripartita; foliolis lanceolatis linearibusve,
utrinque cuneato-angustatis, membranaceis, acerrime serratis denti-
bus inferioribus saepe capilliformibus, supra scabridis infra breviter
hispido-pubescentibus, terminal! majore 0.4-1.9 cm. lato. Capitula
perpauca (circ. 2-4 ad unici caulis terminum), tenuiter pedunculata
pedunculis hispidis usque ad 1.5 dm. longis, radiata, pansa ad
anthesin circ. 3-4 cm. lata et circ. 1 cm. alta. Involucri bracteae
exteriores 9-11, lineari-subspathulatae, apice acerrime mucronatae,
sparsim ciliatae et dorso aegre hispidulae, circ. 6-7 mm. longae;
interiores ovato-lanceolatae, hispidae, paulo longiores. Flores ligu-
lati circ. 12-13, aurei, ligula circ. 6-7-striati et lineares, 1.5-2 cm.
longi et tantum 2-4 mm. lati; flores tubulosi sicci ad medium ut
videtur articulati ac saepe inflati. Achaenia oblonga, valde obcom-
pressa, brunneo-nigra, utraque facie circ. 8-sulcata, margine erecto-
setosa, faciebus superne erecto-hispida, corpore 3-4 mm. longa et
0.7-1.1 mm. lata, apice erecto-setosa et biaristata aristis tenuissimis
stramineis antrorsum hispidulis circ. 1.5-2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Wilhelm Schimper, at altitude of
2,100 meters, in Valley of the Repp River at Dewari, Abyssinia,
October 2, 1863. *
Distribution: Known only from Abyssinia.
Specimens examined: Emilio Chiovenda 1699, Gondar, Dembia,
Prov. Amhara, August 28, 1909 (Flor. ; forma foliis majoribus, foliolis
latioribus terminali usque ad 3.5 cm. lato); idem 1992, near Asoso,
Dembia, September 13, 1909 (Flor.) ; Schimper, alt. 2,100 meters, Repp
River Valley, Dewari, October 2, 1863 (Berl., 2 sheets of type material).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXXII
Bidens Vatkei: a (lower), 6 (upper), portions of fruiting specimen,
X0.55; c, cauline leaf, X0.55; d, portion of leaf, magnified to show
1 Herbarium not cited for type, but one of the two Berlin specimens has the
determination "Coreopsis chrysantha Vatke" in a particularly bold handwriting,
the same as seen on numerous other specimens typifying Vatke's species and
varieties and which without question was by Vatke himself.
THE GENUS BIDENS 619
pubescence, X5.5; e, exterior involucral bract, X3.31; /, interior
involucral bract, X3.31; g, ray floret, X2.21; h, palea, X3.31; i,
disc corolla, X4.97; ;', achene, X4.42; a, b, d-f, h-j, from 2nd type
sheet; c, g, from Chiovenda 1699, in Hb. Flor.
222. Bidens rotata Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 391. 1930.
PI. CLXXXIII.
Coreopsis Buchingeri Schz. Bip. ex Schweinf. & Aschers. Enum. 284
(nomen).
Herba perennis, erecta, 6-10 dm. alta, supra ramosa, caule infra
fere glabra supra hispida. Folia opposita subtenuiter petiolata
petiolis planis hispido-ciliatis basaliter in poculum circ. 1 mm.
altum connatis usque ad 2 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto saltern 4-7.5
cm. longa, tripartita foliolis membranaceis apicaliter subacuminatis
ad medium usque ad 2.7 cm. latis nunc ovatis nunc lanceolatis supra
viridibus ac subglabris infra pallidis ac papillato-hispidis margine
ciliatis ac acerrime serratis dentibus mucronato-setigeris. Capitula
tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis hispidis usque ad 18 cm. longis,
radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 3.5 cm. lata et 1-1.2 cm. alta.
Involucri bracteae exteriores 10-13, lineari-subspathulatae, pallidae,
dorso subglabrae vel aegre adpresso-hispidae, margine spinuloso-
ciliatae, apice nitido calloso-mucronatae, 1-1.6 cm. longae et 1-2 mm.
latae, saepe interiores ovato-lanceolatas dorsaliter hispidas (setis
medianis inferne Jato-membranaceis) apicaliter ciliatas paulo super-
antes. Flores ligulati 12, aurei, ligula anguste oblongo-elliptici,
apice 2-3-denticulati, circ. 1.5 cm. longi et circ. 4-5 mm. lati; tubu-
losi superne aurantiaci, sicci ad medium plus minusve tumidi vel
fracti vel articulati. Achaenia plana, lineari-oblonga, nigra, utraque
facie circ. 4-sulcata et superne adpresso-setosa setis erectis, margini-
bus erecto-setosa, margines versus tenuia sed non vere alata, corpore
4-6 mm. alta et 1-1.2 mm. lata, apice erecte setosa ac biaristata
aristis tenuibus stramineis antrorsum hispidis circ. 2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Wilhelm Schimper (itin. abyssin.
sect. V, No. 706a, ed.Buchinger ann. 1854) in Abyssinia (Par.).
Distribution : Abyssinia.
Specimens examined: Schimper V-706a (type, Par.).
The type is in the Schultz Bipontinus Herbarium at Paris. By
Schultz Bip. ithad been given the nameCoreopsis Buchingeri, which has
appeared occasionally in literature but without description. The
closest ally is Bidens Rueppellii. B. rotata appears to differ, however,
in having more nearly glabrous stems, different foliage, larger involu-
620 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
cral bracts, and larger achenes. The slender rays, regularly 12, offer
a fanciful resemblance to the spokes of a wheel, whence the trivial
name. The interior involucral bracts have many of the lower
median hairs of the dorsal surface expanded below into flat scales, as
occurs sometimes in B. chaetodonta and commonly in B. Rueppellii.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXXIII
Bid ens rotata: a, b, flowering and fruiting specimens, X0.6; c,
exterior involucral bract, X2.4; d, interior involucral bract, X2.4;
e, portion of d, magnified more highly to show basally flattened
median hairs, X6; /, ray floret, X2.4; g, palea, X2.4; h, disc floret,
X4.8; i, achene, X4.8; all from type.
223. Bidens articulata Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 94: 591. 1933.
Coreopsis glaucescens O. & H. in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 389. 1877.
Coreopsis abyssinica f. latisecta Vatke, Linnaea 39: 499. 1875 (nomen
subnudum).
Herba perennis e radicibus tuberoso-incrassatis plus minusve
fasciculatis, erecta, circ. 1.2 m. alta; caule striato, supra plus minusve
hispido pilis aegris patentibusque. Folia opposita, subsessilia vel
petiolata petiolis planis marginatis hispido-ciliatis etiam 1.5 cm.
longis, omnino 3-13 cm. longa, circumambitu ovata, pinnatim
3-5-partita; foliolis membranaceis, plerumque lanceolatis, apice
acutis, marginibus acriter dentatis dentibus interdum in setas
desinentibus (terminal! plus minusve ovato saepe pinnatisecto lobis
lanceolatis serratisque), infra pallidioribus et valde pubescentibus, su-
pra sparsissime hispidis, lateralibus usque ad 5 cm. longis et ad 2 cm.
latis. Capitula pauca, corymbosa vel corymboso-cymosa, subvalde
pedunculata pedunculis hispidis 6-10 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad
anthesin circ. 4-5 cm. lata et circ. 8 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae
exteriores 12-14, elongato-lineares, supra saepe spathulato-dilatatae,
dorso marginibusque hispidae, apice acuto cartilagineo-induratae,
1.3-1.7 cm. longae et circ. 1-1.5 mm. latae; interiores lanceolatae,
dorso hispidae, interdum paulo breviores. Flores ligulati forsitan 10,
flavi, oblongo-lineares, apice vix denticulati, ±1.5 cm. longi. Paleae
oblongo-lanceolatae, perspicue circ. 2-nerviae nervis brunneis,
apicaliter acutae et aegre pubescentes, alibi glabrae, 7-8 mm.
longae, achaenia valde superantes. Disci florum corollae ad medium
anulato-articulatae, stigmatibus tenuiter elongato-caudatis. Achae-
nia oblongo-linearia vel lineari-oblonga, obcompressa, nigra,
exalata, faciebus supra erecto-setosa, marginibus minutissime erecto-
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXXVIII
BIDENS SETIGERA (Schz. Bip.) Sherff (figs, j, k); var. ABYSSINICA (Schz. Bip.) Sherff (figs, a-i)
BIDENS PRAECOX Sherff (fig. I)
of IK
THE GENUS BIDENS 621
ciliata, corpore 3.5-4.5 mm. longa et 0.8-1.1 mm. lata, apice erecto-
setosa et biaristata; aristis tenuibus, stramineis, antrorsum hispidis,
circ. 1 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Wilhelm Schimper, No. 329, at
Hedscha, Abyssinia, October 3, 1862 (Kew).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Abyssinia.
Specimens examined: Schimper 329 (type, Kew: cotypes, Berl.;
U.S. ; this collection was the basis of Coreopsis abyssinica f . latisecta
Vatke, published without description).
224. Bidens Cirsioides Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 393,
pi. 5. 1930. PI. CLXXXIV.
Herba elata, verisimiliter perennis, glaberrima, pallida, 8-15 dm.
alta, caule subtereti glaucescenti valde ramoso ramis elongatis plus
minusve simplicibus. Folia petiolata petiolis planis anguste alatis
basaliter dilatatis 0.5-2 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto usque ad 1.5
dm. longa, pinnatim 3 (-5) -partita; foliolis oblonge linearibus vel
lineari-lanceolatis, crassiusculis, nunc perspicue acriterque dentatis
dentibus elongatis saepe inflexis et saepe setigeris nunc setis pro
dentibus munitis, infra albescentibus, margine saepe revolutis, termi-
nali usque ad 12 cm. longo et 2.5 cm. lato lateralibus minoribus.
Capitula numerosa corymboso-paniculata, tenuiter pedicellata pedi-
cellis hispidis usque ad 1 dm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin
4-5 cm. lata et 8-11 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores 16-24,
subbiseriales, lineares, glaberrimae, apicem versus angustatae, apice
ipso acriter calloso-mucronatae, 8-10 mm. longae et 0.5-1 mm. latae;
interiores late lanceolatae, dorso ventreque apicaliter pubescentes
alibi glabrae, saepe paulo breviores. Flores ligulati plerumque 12,
flavi, ligula lineari-elliptici, paucistriati, apice subacuto vix denti-
culati, 1.8-2.3 cm. longi et circ. 3-4 mm. lati. Achaenia plana,
lineari-oblonga, nigra, exalata, utraque facie circ. 6-sulcata, faciebus
ac marginibus valde erecto-setosa, corpore circ. 5 mm. longa et
circ. 1-1.1 mm. lata, apice erecto-setosa ac biaristata; aristis erectis,
tenuibus, stramineis, antrorsum hispidis, 2-3 mm. longis. — Habitu
specimen siccum foliis acriter dentatis nonnullis speciebus Cirsii
simile.
Type specimen: Collected by C. Ledermann, No. 5440, growing
0.8-1.5 meters high at altitude of 1,200-1,400 meters, Gendero,
Pass Tchape, Kamerun, October 5, 1909 (Berl.).
Distribution: Kamerun.
Specimens examined: Ledermann 5440 (type, Berl.).
622 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXXIV
Bidens Cirsioides: a (lower), b (upper), portions of flowering and
fruiting branch, X0.58; c, exterior involucral bract, X3.45; d, interior
involucral bract, X3.45; e, ray corolla, X2.3; /, palea, X3.45; g,
disc floret, X4.6; h, achene, X4.6; all from type.
225. Bidens chaetophylla Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.
22: 705. 1935.
Herba perennis, erecta, subgracilis, glabra, ±1.5 m. alta; caule
subtereti, internodiis imis ±1 cm. aliis usque ad 13 cm. longis.
Folia petiolata petiolis marginatis 0.5-3 mm. latis et nunc (caulis
basim versus) 4-7 cm. nunc (alibi) 2-3.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto
1.5-2.3 dm. longa, ima indivisa alia pinnatim tripartita; lamina vel
foliolis elongato-linearibus, tantum 2-9 mm. latis sed saepe 10-16
cm. longis, membranaceis, ad apicem acrem sensim angustatis, mar-
ginibus plerumque remote setigeris (setis circ. 2-4.5 mm. longis)
rarius integris. Capitula pauca, subcorymbosa, tenuiter pedicellata
pedicellis demum glabris usque ad circ. 7 cm. longis, radiata, pansa
ad anthesin ±4 cm. lata et ±1 cm. alta. Involucri glabrati bracteae
exteriores 12-16, tenuiter elongato-lineares saepe 1.5-2.5 cm. longae
et discum multo superantes, superne subulatae; interiores ovato-
oblongae, apice acutae, circ. 7 mm. longae. Flores ligulati flavi,
ligula plus minusve lineari-oblongi, ±1.2 cm. longi. Achaenia
matura non visa. Ovaria plana, lineari-oblonga, subatra, marginibus
apiceque erecto-hispida, corpore ±1.2 mm. longa, biaristata; aristis
tenuibus, antrorsum hispidis; circ. 2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Gunther Tessmann, No. 2704, on
grass steppe, Kongola, Ngaundero (Ngaumdere) region, Kamerun,
August 20, 1914 (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in the Kamerun.
Specimens examined: Tessmann 2704 (type, Berl.; nom. vulg.,
nwa sole).
226. Bidens Dielsii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 388. 1930.
PI. CLXXXV.
Coreopsis chrysantha var. simplicifolia Vatke, Linnaea 5: 500. 1875.
Coreopsis simplicifolia (Vatke) Engler, Hochgeb. Fl. Trop. Afr.
(Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 1891, ii:) 435. 1892.
Involucri bracteae exteriores plerumque 10-14, lineari-acuminatae vel
anguste lanceolatae, 1.5-2.5 mm. latae. . .B. Dielsii sensu stricto.
THE GENUS BIDENS 623
Involucri bracteae exteriores plerumque circ. 16-18, lineari-subulatae,
0.6-1 (raro usque ad 1.5) mm. latae var. /3. medusoides.
Herba perennis, erecta, rigida, subglaucescens, glaberrima vel
parce scabra, ±12 dm. alta, caule subtereti, supra ramoso. Folia
opposita, subsessilia, 6-15 cm. longa et 2-3.5 cm. lata, ovata vel
anguste elliptica, acute apiculata, spinuloso-ciliata, principalia
acriter serrata (summa subintegra) dentibus acerrimis et saepe
apicem versus capilliformi-subulatis, basi angustata. Capitula
pauca, corymbose disposita, pedunculata pedunculis scabridis usque
ad 1.2 dm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 3.5-4.5 cm. lata
et circ. 1 cm. alta. Involucri scabrido-hispidi bracteae exteriores
10-14 (vel raro -18), lineari-acuminatae vel anguste lanceola-
tae, 8-15 mm. longae et 1.5-2.5 mm. latae, interioribus lance-
olatis interdum longiores. Flores ligulati circ. 12, aurei, ligula
anguste elliptici, apice 2-3-denticulati, 1.5-2 cm. longi et 3.5-5 mm.
lati; tubulosi minuti cylindrici ad medium saepe tumidi vel sicci
fracti, lobis apicalibus pubescentes, circ. 4 mm. longi. Achaenia
plana, lineari-oblonga, nigra, utraque facie circ. 8-striata, faciebus
(praecipue supra) antrorsum adpresso-setosa, margines versus
tenuissime sed non distincte alata, marginibus antrorsum ciliata,
corpore circ. 5 mm. longa et 0.9-1.2 mm. lata, apice corona setarum
erectarum munita ac biaristata aristis erectis stramineis tenuissimis
antrorsum hispidis circ. 1.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Wilhelm Schimper, at altitude of
2,100 meters, on mountains at Dewari, Abyssinia, October 2, 1863
(Berl., 2 sheets).
Distribution : Abyssinia.
Specimens examined: A. Petit, Abyssinia, 1862 (Kew); Ragazzi
1311, Abyssinia, 1887 (Flor., 2 sheets); W. Schimper, alt. 2,100
meters, on mountains, Dewari, October 2, 1863 (2 type sheets, Berl.).
Oliver and Hiern (Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 389. 1877) were
inclined to regard this as a distinct species, as indeed Vatke had
earlier suspected it of being. Oliver and Hiern noted that it had
"the technical characters of Wedelia; the general appearance of the
plant is however quite that of Coreopsis." The plant matches Bidens
in its achenes somewhat better than Coreopsis.
Bidens Dielsii var. /3. medusoides Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 91:311. 1931.
A specie involucri bracteis exterioribus 14-20 (plerumque circ.
16-18), lineari-subulatis, 0.8-1 (rarius usque ad 2) cm. longis,
inferne 0.6-1 (raro usque ad 1.5) mm. latis differt.
624 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Type specimen: Collected by T. D. Maitland, No. 1004, frequent
in grassland at altitude of 1,500 meters, Wasa, region of Mt. Ruwen-
zori, tropical east Africa, December 15, 1925 (Kew).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in tropical east
Africa.
Specimens examined: Maitland 1004 (type, Kew).
In the young heads (much before anthesis) the exterior bracts
are twice as long as the disc, with a resulting fanciful resemblance
of these heads to the medusa stage of many of the Coelenterata in
the animal kingdom.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXXV
Bidens Dielsii: a (upper), 6 and c (lower), portions of fruiting
specimen, X0.54; d, e, exterior involucral bracts, X2.7; /, interior
involucral bract, X2.7; g, ray floret, X2.16; h, palea, X2.7; i, disc
floret, X4.32; j, achene, X2.7; all from 2 type sheets.
227. Bidens superba Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.
22: 707. 1935.
Herba sine dubio perennis, erecta, rigida, infra simplex supra
erecte ramosa, glabra (etiam inflorescentiae ramis), forsitan 1 m.
alta, caule inferne subtereti superne subtetragono. Folia suberecta,
breviter petiolata petiolis latis circ. 4-6 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto
usque ad 17 cm. longa et 1.6-2.4 cm. lata internodia plerumque
paulo superantia, anguste elongato-lanceolata, rigidulo-membrana-
cea, supra medium usque ad apicem acutum elongato-attenuata,
acriter sed non profunde serrulata dentibus saltern inferioribus in
setas desinentibus imis interdum majoribus inflexisque, margine
minutissime ciliata. Capitula paniculate disposita (unica panicula
cum ±35 capitulis) pedicellis ultimis subrobustis pubescentibus
saepius sub 1 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 4-5 cm. lata
et 7-8 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores circ. 18-22, elongato-
lineares, ciliatae et extrinsecus sparsim hispidae vel glabrescentes,
1-1.6 cm. longae; interiores oblongo-ovatae, pubescentes, circ. 7-8
mm. longae. Flores ligulati circ. 12, flavi, ligula ovato-oblongi vel
elliptico-oblongi, apice 2- vel 3-dentati, 1.5-2.5 cm. longi. Paleae
oblongae, apice abrupte vel subabrupte acutae. Achaenia plana,
oblonga, brunneo-grisea, marginibus tenuibus non alata sed erecto-
setosa, faciebus circ. 4-5-sulcata et superne plus minusve erecto-
setosa setis subalbis, corpore 4.5-5 mm. longa et ±1.4 mm. lata,
apice setulo-coronato biaristata aristis tenuissimis flavidis minu-
tissime antrorso-hispidulis ±1 mm. longis.
THE GENUS BIDENS 625
Type specimen: Collected by F. Jurion, No. 41, Nioka, Luri
(Ituri), Belgian Congo (2 sheets, Mus. Cong.).
Distribution: Northeasternmost Belgian Congo.
Specimens examined: Jurion 41 (Mus. Cong., 2 type sheets).
Apparently most closely allied to B. Dielsii var. medusoides,
from which it differs in its stouter, straighter, and more rigid stem,
its more slender and elongate leaves, its much more numerous and
paniculately, not corymbosely, disposed heads, etc.
228. Bidens Neumannii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 394. 1930.
PI. CLXXXVI.
Herba perennis, subsimplex, saltern 3 dm. alta, suberecta e radice
lignescenti, breviter tomentoso-hispida; caule subtereti, internodiis
medianis quam foliis brevioribus, inferioribus plurime tantum 5-12
mm. longis. Folia opposita, parce petiolata petiolis planis circ.
4 vel 5 mm. longis, omnino circ. 2.7-4 cm. longa et 1.1-1.7 cm. lata,
indivisa, anguste oblongo-ovata, marginibus regulariter acriterque
serrata dentibus indurato-apiculatis, apicaliter subacuminata. Capi-
tula non numerosa (6 in unico specimine observata), corymboso-
paniculata pedicellis 1-7 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin
±2.8 cm. lata et circ. 7-8 mm. alta. Involucri externe hispidi
bracteae exteriores 8-16, lineares, inferne saepe sensim angustatae,
apice acriter indurato-mucronatae, demum circ. 6-8 mm. longae;
interiores lanceolatae ventraliter nitidae et non nisi ad summam
hispidae, paulo vel fere dimidio longiores. Flores ligulati circ. 10,
saturate flavi, ligula elliptico-oblongi, apice bidenticulati, circ. 1.2-
1.4 cm. longi. Paleae nitido-stramineae, lineari-oblongae, apice
subabrupte mucronatae, nervo mediano perspicuae, achaenia super-
antes. Achaenia valde obcompressa, nigra, lineari-oblonga, utraque
facie circ. 8-striata, faciebus marginibusque adpresse erecto-setosa,
non vere alata, corpore 4-5 mm. longa et circ. 1 mm. lata, apice
erecte setoso biaristata aristis tenuibus antrorsum hispidis circ.
1-1.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Oscar Neumann, No. 135, at
altitude of 2,800 meters in mountain meadows, Gardulla, near and
south-southwest of Lake Abaya (L. Abai), southwestern Abyssinia,
January 14, 1901 (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in southwestern
Abyssinia.
Specimens examined: Neumann 135 (type, Berl.).
626 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXXVI
Bidens Neumannii: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.64;
6, exterior involucral bract, X5.12; c, interior involucral bract,
X5.12;, d, ray corolla, X3.84; e, palea, X5.12; /, disc floret, X6.4;
g, achene, X5.12; all from type.
229. Bidens ternata (Chiov.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 391. 1930.
PI. CLXXXVII.
Coreopsis ternata Chiov. Ann. Bot. Roma 9: 74. 1911.
Herba perennis, glaberrima, circ. 9 dm. alta, caulibus caespitosis,
strictis, subteretibus. Folia 3-verticillata, subsessilia, 7-11 cm.
longa et 2-3.5 cm. lata, ovato-lanceolata, basi ample et breviter
cuneata, apice acuta vel etiam tenuiter acuminata, marginibus
scaberrimis argute serrata dentibus acutissimis calloso-acuminatis
vel interdum etiam in setas subspinulosas desinentibus, venulis
parce scabrula, supra subviridia subtus pallidiora, internodia duplo
triplove superantia et caulibus subadpressa. Capitula subcorymbosa,
circ. 11 in caule quoque, subrigide pedunculata pedunculis plerumque
4-7 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin ±5 cm. lata et ±9 mm.
alta. Involucri bracteae subaequales, exteriores circ. 18-22, lineares,
plus minusve patentes, acriter subcalloso-apiculatae, dorso glabrae,
marginibus scabro-ciliatae, 9-14 mm. longae; interiores sub 12
lanceolatae, dorso dense pilis basi eximie incrassatis obtectae,
acutae, in medio late rubro-vittatae, marginibus luteolis pallidae.
Flores ligulati verisimiliter circ. 10-12, flavi, ligula lineares, apica-
liter saepe denticulati, circ. 1.5-2 cm. longi. Paleae pallide hyalinae,
ad medium linea colorata percursae, apice abrupte acutae, demum
circ. 7 mm. longae. Disci florum corollae apice 5-dentatae dentibus
perspicuissime papilloso-hispidis ; stigmatibus anguste caudatis.
Achaenia lineari-oblonga, obcompressa, exalata, nigra, utraque facie
circ. 8-sulcata, faciebus (praecipue superne) marginibusque erecto-
setosa, corpore 5-5.5 mm. longa et 1.1-1.3 mm. lata, apice erecto-
setosa ac biaristata aristis filiformibus antrorsum hispidis circ.
1.4-1.8 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Emilio Chiovenda, No. 2581, very
rare in the Valley of Scinta above Asoso, Dembia, Province of
Amhara, Abyssinia, October 17, 1909 (Flor.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Abyssinia.
Specimens examined: Chiovenda 2581 (type, Flor.).
THE GENUS BIDENS 627
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXXVII
Bidens ternata: a, fruiting specimen, X0.61; b, exterior involucral
bract, X2.44; c, interior involucral bract, X2.44; d, ray corolla,
X2.44; e, palea, X2.44; /, disc floret, X4.88; g, achene, X4.88;
all from type.
230. Bidens setigera (Schz. Bip.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
90: 390. 1930. PI. CLXXXVIII, figs. ; and k.
Coreopsis setigera Schz. Bip. in Walp. Repert. 6: 163. 1846.
Verbesina lineata A. Richard, Tent. Fl. Abyssin. 1: 410. 1847.
Coreopsis abyssinica var. bipinnato-partita Chiov. in Pirotta, Fl.
Eritr. 185. 1904 (fide Adr. Fiori, Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.
ser. 20: 390. 1913).
Folia pinnatim plus minusve incisa vel etiam subtripartita.
var. 0. lobata.
Folia 2-3-pinnatisecta.
Achaenia biaristata B. setigera sensu stricto.
Achaenia exaristata, pappo plus minusve cupuliformi.
var. 7. abyssinica.
Herba annua, erecta, verisimiliter usque ad 1 m. alta, paniculato-
corymbosa, glabra vel superne hirta. Folia opposita, tenuiter
petiolata petiolis plus minusve hispidis basaliter connatis usque ad
2 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 3-6 cm. longa, pinnatisecta pinnis
pinnatipartitis membranaceis, lobis vel dentibus oblongo-linearibus
plus minusve hirtis punctulis atris obsitis acerrime calloso-apiculatis
et saepissime seta longiore terminatis. Capitula parva tenuissime
pedicellata pedicellis hispidis ±3 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad
anthesin ±1.5 cm. lata et circ. 4-5 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae
exteriores circ. 8, lineari-spathulatae (infra angustissimae apicem
versus oblongo-orbiculatae), acriter calloso-apiculatae, glabratae,
3-4 mm. longae; interiores ovato-acutae marginaliter diaphanae
alibi brunneae pubescentes saepe dimidio longiores. Flores ligulati
circ. 8, flavi, saepe pistillati, ligula anguste oblongi, apice integri,
db7 mm. longi et ±1 mm. lati. Paleae lineari-oblongae, circ. 3-
striatae, valde nitidae, circ. 5-6 mm. longae. Achaenia minima,
lineari-oblonga, nigra, valde obcompressa, dorso convexiuscula
ventre plana, omnino papillis in setas erectas adpressas desinentibus
obsita, exalata, utraque facie circ. 4-sulcata, corpore tantum circ.
2.5 mm. longa et circ. 0.8 mm. lata, apice stramineo erecto-setosa
ac biaristata aristis tenuissimis erectis stramineis antrorsum hispidis
fere 2 mm. longis.
628 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Type specimen: Collected by Eduard Ruppell in Abyssinia in
1831 or 1832 (Par.).1
Distribution: Abyssinia and probably Eritrea.
Specimens examined: Ruppell, Abyssinia, 1831 or 1832 (type,
Par.).2
Bidens setigera var. /3. lobata Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
91: 311. 1931.
Folia circumambitu oblongo-lanceolata vel anguste deltoideo-
lanceolata, pinnatim plus minusve incisa vel etiam subtripartita,
inferiora non visa alia 2-5 cm. longa, dentibus perspicue setigeris.
1 The type sheet in Schultz Bipontinus' herbarium at Paris has a small plant
at the right, with one fruiting and two flowering heads. This has the Ruppell
label underneath. At the left is a small fragment from a larger but specifically
identical plant, with one fruiting head and the several leaves more compound and
more noticeably setigerous-toothed. As no additional field data are given under
this second specimen, it may well be that the two belonged to the same collection.
* Formerly I made no distinction of the var. abyssinica from B. setigera proper
when compiling my manuscript. The following additional specimens were listed
and doubtless many of them belong to var. abyssinica: Anon. 235, Hort. Berol.
e sem. Schimperi abyssin., 1857 (Herb. Par.; forma bracteis ext. quam int. lon-
gior.) ; A. Braun, Hort. Carlsruh., 1841 (Herb. Par.) ; Emilia Chiovenda 2051, Gondar,
Dembia, Prov. Amhara, Abyssinia, September 13, 1909 (Flor.); idem 2699, Dembia,
October 27, 1909 (Flor.); idem 2750, Gondar (Flor.); idem 3253, Scire, Tigre,
Abyssinia, December 11, 1909 (Flor.); AdrianoFiori 1828, alt. 960 meters, Ghinda,
Hamasen (Amasen) region, Eritrea, April 11, 1909 (Flor.); idem 1830, alt. 1,950
meters, Hamasen region, February 3, 1909 (Flor.); idem 1929, cult, e sem. lectis
alt. 960 m. ad Ghindam, October 2, 1909 (Flor.); Hort. Cantabrig. (Harvard
Univ.), cult, e sem. ex Hort. Petropol. missis, July 8, 1895 (Gray) and August
7, 1895 (Gray, 2 sheets; forma elata achaeniorum corporibus usque ad 4.5 mm.
aristis usque ad 3 mm. longis); A. Pappi 559, alt. about 2,000 meters, Adi Quala,
Sarae, Eritrea, October 23, 1902 (Flor.); idem 584, alt. about 1,900 meters,
Terammi, Sarae, October 9, 1902 (Flor.); idem 3047, alt. 500 meters, Cuale-Enrot,
Eritrea, March 18, 1893 (Flor.); idem 3097, alt. about 1,000 meters, Mt. Fatta,
Eritrea, March 19, 1893 (Flor.); idem 3128, alt. about 1,000 meters, Eritrea,
March 19, 1893 (Flor.); idem 3191, alt. about 1,200 meters, Eritrea, March 20,
1893 (Flor.); idem 3871, Hamasen region, Eritrea, March 2-10, 1902 (Flor.);
idem 4101, alt. about 600 meters, Valle Damas, Ocule Cusai, Eritrea, April 14,
1893 (Flor.); idem 4209, Dongollo near Ghinda, Hamasen region, Eritrea, March
12, 1902 (Flor.); idem 4268, eodem loco et temp. (Flor.); idem 5787, alt. about
1,200-1,800 meters, Mt. Dijet, Eritrea, March 2, 1902 (Flor.); V. Ragazzi 244, alt.
1,500 meters, Eritrea, September, 1892 (Flor.); idem 3360/3860, Scioa, Abyssinia,
Oct. 10, 1886 (Flor.) ; G. Schweinfurth & D. Riva 2119, alt. 950 meters, higher places
at Donkollo (Dongollo) near Ghinda, Eritrea, May 14, 1892 (Flor.); Sing Scotti,
Ghinda, 1893 (Flor.); A. Tellini 135, Ghinda, December 1-2, 1902 (Herb. Flor.);
idem 586, eodem loco et tempore (Flor.); idem 1189, Eritrea, October 11-13, 1902
(Flor.); idem 1512, Eritrea, January-February, 1903 (Flor.); idem 1586, Mai Atal-
Dongollo, Eritrea, February, 1903 (Flor.); idem 1683, near Dongollo, Eritrea,
February-March, 1903 (Flor.); idem 1715, eodem loco et temp. (Flor.); A. Ter-
raciano & A. Pappi, Eritrea, April 3, 1892 (Flor.); iidem 55, alt. about 1,000
meters, Baresa, Ghinda, Eritrea, February 17, 1893 (Flor.); iidem 760, alt. about
1,800-2,060 meters, "Rora Ualicaue-Ham-Ham," Eritrea, January 9, 1893 (Flor.);
iidem 1441, alt. about 2,400 meters, Mt. Ira, Eritrea, February 9, 1893 (Flor.);
iidem 1981, alt. 1,900 meters, Eritrea, January 8, 1893 (Flor.).
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CLXXXIX
BIDENS SETIGEROIDES Sherff (figs, a-i)
BIDENS PHELLOPTERA Sherff (figs, j-s)
THE GENUS BIDENS 629
Type specimen : Cultivated in garden of J. Veitch and Sons, 1908,
from material collected by Captain Diespecker in British East Africa
(Kew, 2 sheets).
Distribution: British East Africa.
Specimens examined: Hort. Veitchii et filiorum (Kew, 2 type
sheets).
The first type sheet has the six flowering heads measuring about
2.2-2.7 cm. across, with about 12-16 exterior bracts. The second
type sheet has likewise six flowering heads, but these are mostly
4-4.5 cm. across and the exterior bracts number 16-22. These
differences are construed as representing different states of luxuri-
ance due to conditions of cultivation.
Bidens setigera var. 7. abyssinica (Schz. Bip.) Sherff, Bot.
Gaz. 92: 202. 1931. PI. CLXXXVIII, figs. a-4.
Chrysanthellum (subgenus Microlecane) abyssinicum Schz. Bip. Flora
25: 440. 1842; Walp. Repert. 6: 171. 1846.
Microlecane abyssinica (Schz. Bip.) Benth. & Hook, ex 0. Hoffm. in
Engler & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 4, 5: 240, fig. 118C. 1894.
E specie achaeniis exaristatis sed pappo brevi plus minusve
consolidate ac cupuliformi coronatis differt.
Type specimen: Collected by Wilhelm Schimper, No. 766, at
margins of groves in valleys near Adoa, Abyssinia, November 12,
1838 (Par., 2 sheets).1
Distribution: Abyssinia and perhaps Eritrea.
Specimens examined : Schimper 766 (2 type sheets).2
The achenes of this variety lack aristae but have the pappus
more or less definitely coroniform or cup-shaped (whence the
name Microlecane given by Schultz Bipontinus). Tegetmeyer (0.
Hoffm. loc. cit.) has illustrated this peculiar pappus in its extreme
development.
In his original treatment Schultz Bipontinus referred this form,
as representing a subgenus, to Chrysanthellum. The affinity with
1 The two type sheets of Chrysanthellum abyssinicum at Paris both bear the
number 578. A printed distribution label also is present on the first type sheet
and this has the number 766 in print with the citation "Fl. Ratisb. Anni. 1842
pag. 440, ubi per errorem plantae numerus 578 tribuitur." In his original
description Schultz Bipontinus gave Schimper's number as "it. abyss. Sect. II. no.
578," but later, in Walpers' Repertorium, he gave it as "1078." Just why these
discrepancies arose is not clear, but there can be no question as to the authenticity
and identity of the type material.
2 See footnote (p. 628, no. 2) under species proper.
630 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
that genus seems purely fallacious. Bentham and Hooker (loc.
cit.) elevated the subgenus, which Schultz* Bipontinus had named
Microlecane, to the rank of a genus separate from Chrysanthellum.
However, through Bidens setigera and B. setigeroides the type mate-
rial of Microlecane is too closely allied with Bidens to justify generic
segregation. Thus, for example, B. setigera has very long, slender
aristae and many of the achenes are much the same as in other
species of Bidens (sect. Steppia); but a fair percentage of them
have the shorter or secondary pappus noticeably modified into an
annular or cupuliform corona (not shown in my illustration), thus
strongly suggesting the so-called Microlecane material, here treated
as the var. abyssinica. All things considered, it seems that the var.
abyssinica bears somewhat (though not entirely) the same relation-
ship to B. setigera proper that Bidens aristosa var. mutica bears to
the species B. aristosa proper.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXXVIII
Bidens setigera, figs. ;, k: achenes, X6.84; from type.
Bidens setigera var. abyssinica, figs, a-i: a, flowering and fruiting
branch, X0.57; 6 (lower), c (upper), leaves, X0.57; d, exterior involu-
cral bract, X4.56; e, interior involucral bract, X4.56; /, ray corolla,
X2.85; g, palea, X4.56; h, disc floret, X4.56; i, achene, X6.84; a,
d-4, from type; b, from Pappi 3047, in Hb. Flor.; c, from Terraciano
and Pappi 2003, ibid.
231. Bidens setigeroides Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 91: 310.
1931. PI. CLXXXIX, figs. a-4.
Herba annua, erecta, laxe hispida, caule subtetragona, ramosa
ramis suberectis, 3-9 dm. alta. Folia 2-3-pinnatisecta, breviter
petiolata petiolis latis usque ad 1 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto usque
ad circ. 7 cm. longa; segmentis membranaceis, acriter apiculatis et
interdum in setas breves desinentibus, plerumque 1-2 mm. latis.
Capitula subcorymboidea, tenuissime pedicellata pedicellis pubescen-
tibus 2-6 cm. longis, numerosa, radiata, pansa ad anthesin ±1.2
cm. lata et circ. 6 mm. alta, demum circ. 8-9 mm. diametro. Involu-
cri bracteae plus minusve hispidae, exteriores plerumque 6, anguste
lineares vel lineari-spathulatae, apicaliter obtusae, 2-3 mm. longae;
interiores oblongo-ovatae, ±3.5 mm. longae. Flores ligulati circ.
6, flavi, ligula oblongo-ovati, apice circ. 3-dentati, circ. 5-6 mm.
longi. Paleae nitidae, glabrae, oblongae, subobtusae, apicem versus
aurantiacae, 3-6 mm. longae. Achaenia oblanceolato-linearia vel
late oblanceolata, nigra, exalata, non manifeste sulcata, dorso con-
THE GENUS BIDENS 631
vexa ac glaberrima, ventre plana vel concava ac costa mediana
erecte setosa, marginibus erecte ciliata, apice truncate exaristata
sed erecte setosa, 2.2-3.5 mm. longa et 0.5-1.2 mm. lata.
Type specimen: Collected by J. D. Snowden, No. 411, growing
1 to 3 feet high in short-grass land at altitude of 1,500 meters,
Wallasi, Bukedi, Uganda Protectorate, British East Africa, October
17, 1916 (Kew).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Uganda.
Specimens examined: Snowden 411 (type, Kew).
Differs from Bidens setigera in the less setigerous foliar teeth,
the fewer exterior bracts of the involucres, the smoother and more
shiny achenes, these exaristate and lacking a consolidated cupuli-
form pappus or corona at apex, etc. It approaches in general appear-
ance the habitally similar Coreopsis Negriana Sherff of Gallaland,
but differs from that in the smaller flowering heads, the setose,
exalate achenes, etc.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXXIX, FIGS. 0,-i
Bidens setigeroides: a, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.66;
b, exterior involucral bract, X6.6; c, interior involucral bract, X6.6?
d, ray floret, X5.94; e, palea, X6.6; /, disc floret, X9.9; g, outer
achene, ventral face, X6.6; h (dorsal), i (ventral), faces of inner
achene, X6.6; all from type.
232. Bidens phelloptera Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 92: 204.
1931. PI. CLXXXIX, figs. j-s.
Herba verisimiliter perennis, usque ad 2 m. alta, caule obscure
angulato glabro. Folia secundaria (primaria non visa) tenuiter
petiolata petiolis ±1.5 cm. longis petiolo adjecto ±4.5 cm. longa,
pinnatim 3-5-partita; segmentis valde membranaceis, ovatis vel
lanceolatis, apice acutis, supra glabratis subtus pubescentibus, circ.
6-13 mm. latis, acerrime dentatis dentibus mucronatis. Capitula
corymbose disposita, ramulos plerumque glabros usque ad 8.5 cm.
longos terminantia, radiata, pansa ad anthesin ±4 cm. lata et circ.
10-11 mm. alta. Involucri glabri bracteae exteriores 8-10, lanceo-
latae vel lineari-oblongae, apice obtusae, mox valde reflexae; interi-
ores late oblongo-lanceolatae, basaliter vel etiam usque ad medium
connatae, demum circ. 8.5-9.5 mm. longae. Paleae late lineari-
oblongae, apicaliter obtusae atque atro-coloratae, 7-9.5 mm. longae.
Flores ligulati ±6 (normaliter 8?), flavi, ligula anguste obovati,
apice minute acriterque 3-4-denticulati, 1.7-2 cm. longi. Achaenia
632 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
valde obcompressa, utraque facie subatra 8-sulcata glabra vel
apicem versus erecte setosa, marginibus crassiusculis densissime
erecto-ciliata, exteriora late oblonga 5-6 mm. longa et marginibus
perspicuis incrassatis inclusis 2-2.4 mm. lata apicaliter calva vel
breviter biaristata et saepe paucisetosa, interiora lineari-oblonga
corpore circ. 8-9 mm. longa et marginibus angustis inclusis circ.
1.5-1.8 mm. lata, apice plus minusve setoso biaristata; aristis tenui-
bus usque ad 2.5 mm. longis, nunc glabris nunc antrorsuni vel etiam
retrorsum 1-2-hamosis.
Type specimen : Collected by Walter Busse, No. 2257, at altitude
of 750 meters, south slope of Mt. Gonja, Usambara, German East
Africa, April 18, 1903 (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in German East
Africa.
Specimens examined: Busse 2257 (type, Berl.).
The branches of the type material have internodes 1-1.5 dm.
long. Busse's label lists the plant as an herb and gives its height as
being up to 2 meters. The interior involucral bracts (like those of
Bidens praecox) are connate below, often even up to the middle, thus
simulating those of the allied genus Thelesperma, although the gen-
eral habit in no way suggests Thelesperma. The achenes are thick-
margined and suggest those of some species of Coreopsis, but the
occasional retrorse barbs are foreign to that genus.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXXIX, FIGS. j-S
Bidens phelloptera: j, k, rameal leaves, X0.66; I, exterior involu-
cral bract, X3.3; ra, portion of interior involucre, showing sub-
medianly connate bracts, X2.7; n, ray corolla, X2; o, palea, X5.28;
p, q, disc florets, X5.28; r, s, achenes, X5.28; all from type.
233. Bidens praecox Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 92: 450. 1931.
PI. CLXXXVIII, fig. I.
Herba erecta, gracilis, glabra, erecte ramosa, circ. 6 dm. alta,
caule plus minusve tetragona. Folia tenuiter petiolata petiolis
saepe albido-hispidis ±1 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-7 cm. longa,
1-2-pinnata; segmentis ultimis valde membranaceis, nunc ovatis
nunc rhomboideo-oblongis, breviter rotundo-dentatis et apicaliter
rotundatis sed obsolete mucronulatis, acriter ciliatis, circ. 4-12 mm.
latis. Capitula verisimiliter discoidea, ramulos (pedunculos) acriter
angulatos glabratos vel irregulariter hispidos usque ad circ. 8 cm.
longos terminantia, ad anthesin minuta (verisimiliter circ. 5 mm.
THE GENUS BIDENS 633
alta et circ. 4 mm. lata). Involucri glabri bracteae exteriores circ.
8, tergo 3-nervatae, sursum sensim dilatatae, apicaliter subito rotun-
datae et obtusae vel rarius subacutae, eciliatae, demum etiam usque
ad 4 mm. longae; interiores oblongo-lanceolatae apicaliter angustatae
ac pulverulente pubescentes, inferne connatae, demum circ. 8-9
mm. longae. Achaenia praecocia, tenuiter clavato-linearia, obcom-
pressa vel plana, deorsum sensim angustata, plumbeo-atra, glabra
vel tuberculato-papillata, utraque facie nunc eleganter circ. 8-
sulculata nunc subobsolete circ. 4-sulcata, 6-7.5 mm. longa et circ.
0.8-1.1 mm. lata, marginibus exalata, apice exaristata sed plus
minusve incrassato-capitata vel crassiusculo-anulata, itaque sub
apice plerumque plus minusve constricta, demum paleas oblongo-
lineares hyalinas apicem acutum versus sensim angustatas dimidio
superantia.
Type specimen: Collected by Walter Busse, No. 2523, in sandy
soil, sunny places in legume forest, Mayanga, District of Lindi,
southeasternmost German East Africa, May 15, 1903 (Berl.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in German East
Africa.
Specimens examined : Busse 2523 (type, Berl.).
Florets, both ray and disc, are lacking on the type. The achenes
had been well formed even on small, young heads, differing in this
respect from those in ordinary species of Bidens. Moreover, the
achenes had produced at the apex some sort of secondary growth,
this imparting a more or less capitate appearance. The growth in
question is mostly 0.5-0.8 as wide as the maximum width of the
achenial body and is variously truncate or protuberant, ovoid
or subglobose, sometimes appearing faintly as if representing a rem-
nant of the disc floret. The general habit is that of many annual
species of Bidens (unless as to the submedianly connate interior
involucral bracts, which, however, are matched by those in B.
phelloptera) , to which genus the species is apparently best referred
for the present.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CLXXXVIII, FIG. I
Bidens praecox: achene, X3.42; from type.
NOMINA E BlDENTE EXCLUDENDA
Bidens acaulis Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 3: 247. 1884 (cf.
Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 245. I926).=lsostigma acaule (Baker) Chod.
Bull. Herb, Boiss. II. 1: 417. 1901.
634 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens Acmella (L.) Lam. Encycl. 1: 415. 1783.=Spilanthes
Acmella (L.) Murr. Syst. Veg. ed. 13. 610. 1774 (cf. A. H. Moore,
Proc. Amer. Acad. 42: 534. 1907).
Bidens Acmelloides Berg, in Vet. Acad. Handl. 29, pt. 2: 245,
pi 7, fig. 1. l7Q8.=Spilanthes oleracea L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 2: 534.
1767 (cf. A. H. Moore, op. cit. 530).
Bidens angustifolia Lam. Encycl. 1: 416. l783.=Spilanthes wrens
Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 28. 1762 (cf. Lam. loc. cit.; cf. A. H. Moore,
op. cit. 528).
Bidens angustifolia Lam. var. minor Poir. in Lam.-Poir. Illustr.
Gen. 3: 244. pi. 668, fig. 2. 1823. =Spilanthes wrens Jacq. loc. cit. (cf.
A. H. Moore, op. cit. 528).
Bidens Apiifolia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1203. 1759; Amoen.
Acad. 5: 381, 405. 176Q. = Chrysanthellum americanum Vatke, Abh.
Bremen 9: 122. 1885 (cf. 0. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill.
7: 144. 1911).
Bidens arborea (Forst. & Forst. /.) Roxb. in A. Beatson, Appendix
(Tracts Isl. St. Helena) 301, 325. 1816. =Laxmannia arborea Forst.
& Forst. /. Char. Gen. 94. pi. 47. 1776 (cf. Robinson, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 47: 207. 1911).
Bidens Artemisiaefolia (Jacq.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 1: 321. 1891.
= Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Icon, et Descr. PI. 1: 56. pi. 79. 1791.
Bidens Artemisiaefolia (Jacq.) 0. Ktze. subsp. caudata (H.B.K.)
0. Ktze.1 var. fusca 0. Ktze. (ex patria et radii colore) et verisi-
militer etiam var. rubra 0. Ktze. ; subsp. intermedia 0. Ktze. cum
var. aurantiaca O. Ktze.; subsp. calva (Schz. Bip.) 0. Ktze. var.
sulfurea (Cav.) 0. Ktze.2 (ex syn. Cav.) loc. cit. =Cosmos sulphureus
Cav. loc. cit.
Bidens Artemisiaefolia (Jacq.) 0. Ktze. subsp. calva (Schz. Bip.)
0. Ktze. loc. cit. = Cosmos calvus (Schz. Bip.) Sherff, Field Mus.
Bot. 8: 405. 1932.
Bidens Artemisiaefolia (Jacq.) 0. Ktze. subsp caudata (H.B.K.)
0. Ktze. cum. var. rosea 0. Ktze. loc. cit. = Cosmos caudatus H.B.K.
Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 188 (240). 1820.
1 In this and the next two following cases, it may be noted that Kuntze omitted
mention of any status for the names caudata, intermedia, and calva, but his placing
of varieties under them would seem to indicate his conception of them as being
subspecies.
2 Spelled sulphureus by Cavanilles, loc. cit.
THE GENUS BIDENS 635
Bidens Artemisiaefolia f. grandiflora 0. Ktze. and f. parviflora
O. Ktze. loc. cit. = Cosmos sulphureus Cav.1 loc. cit.
Bidens Atriplicifolia L. Cent. 2: 30. 1756; Amoen. Acad. 4: 329.
1759 = Isocarpha Atriplicifolia (L.) R. Br. Trans. Linn. Soc. 12:
110. 1816.
Bidens atropurpurea DeVries, Sp. and Var. 131. 1905 (nomen).
Cf. Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 2: 114. 1821.
Bidens atrosanguinea (Hook.) Ortg. in Regel, Gartenflora 1861:
408. pi. 347. 1861; cf. Vilmorin, Fl. PI. Terre ed. 2. 269. 1866.=
Cosmos atrosanguineus (Hook.) Ortg. loc. cit. Specimens raised in
Vienna in 1868 (e sem. ex Hort. Turic. anno 1867) are still preserved
(Mus. V., U.V.). In the Botanical Garden of Harvard University
this plant has been raised for many years, doubtless since the days
of Hooker and Ortgies (one of whom probably sent Asa Gray some
of the original seed). The living plants were studied there in August,
1929. The plants bear heads uniformly dark-flowered, the rays of
a velvety blackish red.
Bidens atrosanguinea var. hybrida DeCorte, Rev. Hort. Beige
37: 29 et fig. 1911= Hybrid between Cosmos atrosanguineus (Hook.)
Ortg. and Dahlia Merckii Lehm.
Bidens? bandana Wall. Cat. 3291, Comp. No. 401.2=C/m/sew-
thettum indicum DC. Prodr. 5: 631. 1836.
Bidens Beckii Torr. in Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2: 135. 1821;
Fl. N. Y. 1: 388. pi. 58. l8±3.=Megalodonta Beckii (Torr.) Greene,
Pittonia 4: 271. 1901. Rejected from Bidens not alone because of its
growth habit, but also and mainly because of its achenial characters.3
Bidens Beckii f. scissa Sheldon, Bull. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv.
Minn. 9: 79. 1894.=Megalodonta Beckii (Torr.) Greene, loc. cit.
Type herbarium not named, but a fine sheet of the type collection
(from Lindstrom, Minnesota) is extant (U.S.).
Bidens Berteriana Spreng. Syst. 3: 454. 1826.=Coswos caudatus
H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 188 (240). 1820. DeCandolle's Pro-
1 Kuntze (loc. cit.) proposed his two forms in a rather loose way, manifestly
intending that they might be distinguished in the case of all subspecies and varieties
of his Bidens Artemisiaefolia (that is to say, for each subspecies and variety both
a forma grandiflora and a f. parviflora could be distinguished.
2 Wallich's Catalogue is written indistinctly as to the r's and n's. The Index
Kewensis (1: 300. 1895) prints the trivial name bardana and Hooker (Fl. Brit.
Ind. 3: 310. 1885) renders it bandanna.
3 Wiegand and Eames (Fl. Cayuga Lake Basin 418. 1925) insist upon the
retention of this species in Bidens.
636 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
dromus Herbarium (Del.) has an excellent flowering and fruiting
specimen. The rays are a faded rose color. The label reads, "Bidens
Berteriana Spr. Coreopsis coronata Bert. Porto Rico Bertero M.
Balbis 1820." Balbis sent many specimens this way to DeCandolle
and this material by Bertero would seem to be authentic (Sprengel's
Bidens Berteriana having been founded upon Coreopsis coronata
Bert.).1
Bidens bipinnata Baill. Hist. PI. 8: 50. 1886 (non L.).=Cosmos
bipinnatus Cav. Icon, et Descr. PI. 1: 10, pi. 14- 1791.
Bidens calva (Schz. Bip.) C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 141. 1876.
=Cosmos calms (Schz. Bip.) Sherff, Field Mus. Bot. 8: 405. 1932.
Bidens carnea Heer, Ind. Sem. Hort. Turic. 1842.2= Cosmos
caudatus H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 188 (240). 1820.
Bidens caroliniana Hemsl. in Index Curtis's Bot. Mag. 27. 1906.=
Coreopsis lanceolata L. Sp. PI. 908. 1753.
Bidens Carvifolia (Benth.) Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy.
Herald 308. 1852-1857.= Cosmos Carvifolius Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph.
117. 1844.
Bidens caudata (H.B.K.) Schz. Bip. in Seemann, loc. cit.=
Cosmos caudatus H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 188 (240). 1820.
Bidens Cervantesii (Lag.) Baill. ex Ind. Kew. 1: 300. 1895.3
= Dahlia coccinea Cav. Icon, et Descr. PI. 3: 33, pi. 266. 1795 (fide
Ind. Kew. 1:300. 1895).
Bidens coccinea (Cav.) Baill. op. cit. 49, figs. 73, 74-= Dahlia
coccinea Cav.4 loc. cit.
Bidens coronata (Hook.) Fisch. ex Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 202.
l$AQ.=Coreopsis nuecensis Heller, Bot. Expl. S. Texas 106. 1895.
1 Other students appear unanimously to have referred Sprengel's species
to Cosmos caudatus, among them: Steudel, Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 202. 1840; Baker in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 3: 242. 1884; O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 144.
1911; Urban, op. cit. 4: 641. 1911; Gomez, Anal. Hist. Nat. Madr. 275. 1890; etc.
2 Bidens carnea Heer is the customary citation, but an early and apparently
original specimen by Regel (Berl.) is accompanied with the inscription "Bidens
carnea Heer et Rgl."
3Baillon, cited by the Index Kewensis, really gave (Hist. PI. 8: 305. 1886)
the name Dahlia Cervantesii Lag. (cf. DC. Prodr. 5: 494. 1836). While he treated
Dahlia as a section of Bidens (op. cit. 221, footnote 8; 305, footnote 8), he really
did not directly make a new combination.
4 So also B. coccinea (Cav.) Gomez (Anal. Hist. Nat. Madr. 19: 275. 1890).
= Dahlia coccinea Cav.
THE GENUS BIDENS 637
Bidens crocata Cav. Icon, et Descr. PI. 1: 66, pi. 99. 1791.=
Verbesina crocata (Cav.) Less, ex DC. Prodr. 5: 617. 1836 (cf. A. H.
Moore, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42: 560. 1907).1
Bidens Dahlioides Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 142. 1891.=
Cosmos diversifolius Otto in Knowles & Westc. Fl. Cab. 2: 3, pi. 47.
1838 (cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 56: 494. 1913).
Bidens denudata Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 24: 183. 1851.
=Glossogyne tenuifolia (LaBillard.) Cass. Diet. Nat. Sci. 51: 475.
1827.2
Bidens dichotoma Desf. Tabl. Ecol. Bot. ed. 1. 108. 1804.=
Nomen nudum.3
Bidens diversifolia (Otto) Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald
308. 1852-1857; etiam B. diversifolia (Otto) Ortg. in Regel, Garten-
flora 408. 1861.= Cosmos diversifolius Otto in Knowles & Westc.
Fl. Cab. 2: 3. pi. 47. 1838. (B. diversifolia var. atrosanguinea Hook,
in Curtis's Mag. 87: pi. 5227. 1861=5. atrosanguinea [Hook.] Ortg.
q. v., p. 635.)
Bidens fervida Lam. Encycl. 1: 415. ~L783.=Spilanthes oleracea
L. fide Lam. ips. atque A. H. Moorei, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42: 530.
1907.
Bidens fixa Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 307. 1885. Sphalm, for B.
fusca (cf. Ind. Kew. 1: 301. 1895). =Spilanthes oleracea L. (cf. Spreng.
Syst. Veg. 3: 444. 1826; etiam A. H. Moore, loc. cit.).
1 DeCandolle (loc. cit.), the Index Kewensis (4: 1180. 1895), A. H. Moore
(loc. cit.), and various other authorities give Lessing for the combination Verbesina
crocata, but Lessing (Syn. Gen. Comp. 232. 1832) did not make a definite or
decisive transfer from Bidens to Verbesina. Nor should we overlook the fact that
in his index (op. cit. 445) Lessing retained Bidens crocata Cav. but entirely omitted
(op. cit. 472) mention of any Verbesina crocata.
2 Fide Ind. Kew. 1: 300. 1895. The type of B. denudata Turcz. was collected
by Cuming (No. 1375) in the Province of Cagagan, Luzon, Philippine Isls. I do
not recall having seen it.
3 Desfontaines gave merely a name for his plant and indicated it to be a
perennial. DeCandolle (Prodr. 5: 597. 1836) presented a description, citing
plants from Brazil by Commerson and by Lund. Lund's one plant (Del.) studied
is true B. pilosa L. The Prodromus Herbarium (Del.) appears to have no speci-
mens by Commerson. All told, the Prodromus specimens of "B. dichotoma Desf."
are five in number, four being true B. pilosa L. and one being B. pilosa var. minor
(Bl.) Sherff (cf. Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2. 2: 394. 1902).
Desfontaines later published (Cat. PI. Hort. Reg. Paris ed. 3. 185.
1829) "Bidens dichotoma H. p." as a synonym for Blainvillea rhomboidea Cass.
Diet. Nat. Sci. 29: 494. 1823. (Cf. O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl. 182.
1914). A small but fine specimen of a "Bidens dichotoma" is preserved (Petrop.)
from material cultivated in 1815. Riedel sent it (whether the seed or the plant
itself the label does not specify). It is a Blainvillea and may well have come
from the material on which Desfontaines founded his reduction of B. dichotoma
to synonymy in 1829.
638 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens formosa (Bon.) Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald
307. 1852-1857.= Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Icon, et Descr. PI. 1: 10,
pi 11*. 1791.
Bidens formosa (Bon.) 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3, pt. 2: 137. 1898.
= Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. loc. cit.
Bidens frutescens Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. No. 4. H68.=Zexmenia
frutescens (Mill.) Blake cum var. genuina Blake, Contr. Gray Herb,
n. ser. 52: 50. 1917.
Bidens fruticosa L. Sp. PI. 2: 833. 1753.=Zexmera'a frutescens
(Mill.) Blake cum var. genuina Blake, loc. cit.
Bidens fusca Lam. Encycl. 1: 416. n83.=Spilanthes oleracea L.
Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 2: 534. 1767 (fide Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 444. 1826;
etiam A. H. Moore, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42: 534. 1907).
Bidens Glyceriaefolia Schz. Bip. ex Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 78. 1923.
= Isostigma Scorzoneraefolium (Bak.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 246.
1926.
Bidens Glydnaefolia Schz. Bip. ex Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6, pt. 3: 247. \&84:.=Isostigma Scorzoneraefolium (Bak.) Sherff,
loc. cit.
Bidens gracilis Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 215. 1828.= Thelesperma
gracile (Torr.) Gray, Kew Journ. Bot. 1: 252. 1849.
Bidens hirsuta Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 110. l78S.=Notoptera
hirsuta (Sw.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 466.. 1901 (cf. 0. E. Schulz in
Urban, op. cit. 7: 144. 1911).
Bidens Humboldtii Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 307.
1852-1857= Cosmos parviflorus (Jacq.) H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp.
4: 189 (241). 1820.
Bidens insipida (Jacq.) Lam. Encycl. 1: 416. HS3.=Spilanthes
insipida Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 28. 1762; Sel. Stirp. Amer. Hist.
215, pi. 126, jig. 2. 1763 (cf. A. H. Moore, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42:
530. 1907).
Bidens involvens Phil, ex Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1: 56. 1901. Clearly
a sphalm forB. involucrata Phil, which is the name given in the place
cited (Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile Bot. 49. 1891) and which = Hetero-
sperma involucratum (Phil.) Reiche, Anal. Univ. Chile 112: 150.
1903; etiam Fl. Chile 4: 99. 1905.
Bidens involucrata Phil. Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile Bot. 49. 1891.=
Heterosperma involucratum (Phil.) Reiche, locis cit.
THE GENUS BIDENS 639
Bidens Jacksonii (S. L. Moore) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 45. 1926.=
Coreopsis Jacksonii S. L. Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc. 35: 347. 1902; cf.
Field Mus. Bot. 11 : 363 (and fig. 1, the legend of which through errror
fails to show Moore as the sole authority for the binomial as printed).
Bidens Langlassei Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 24. 1917.=Coswos Lang-
lassei Sherff, Field Mus. Bot. 8: 425. 1932.
Bidens Leyboldii Phil. Anal. Univ. Chile 27: 338. 1865.= TMe-
sperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3, pt. 2: 182.
1898 (cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 91-93. 1923. l
Bidens Lindleii Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 307.
1852-1857 (B.Lindleyi Schz. Bip. in Ind. Kew. 1: 301. 1895). (=Cos-
mos tenuifolius Lindl. Bot. Reg. pi. 2007. 1837 — and hence) = Cosmos
bipinnatus Cav. Icon, et Descr. 1: 10. pi. 14- 1791.
Bidens linearifolia Schz. Bip. in Seemann, loc. cit. = Cosmos
linearifolius (Schz. Bip.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 200. 1881.
Bidens marginata Perr. ex DC. Prodr. 5: 631. 1836. =Chrysan-
thellum indicum DC. Perrottet's specimen of B. marginata was made
the basis by DeCandolle for his Chrysanthellum senegalense, but this
is reduced to C. indicum by the Index Kewensis (1: 525. 1895).
Bidens megapotamica Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 454. 1826; non 0. E.
Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl.: 182. 1914. =Thelesperma megapotami-
cum (Spreng.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 3, pt. 2: 182. 1898 (cf. Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 76: 91. 1923; ibid. 83: 425. 1927).
Bidens melananthera hastata (Michx.) Desf. Tabl. Ecole Bot.
ed. 2. 130. \Sl5 = Melanthera (spelled in Michx. Melananthera) has-
tata (Walt.) Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 107. 1803.
Bidens Meyeniana Walp. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 271.
1843; Walp. Repert. 6: 168. 1846. =Glossogyne tenuifolia (LaBill.)
Cass. Diet. Nat. Sci. 51: 475. 1827. The type of Bidens Meyeniana,
collected by Meyen at Cape Syngmoon, Kwangtung, China, August,
1831, is preserved in the Berlin Herbarium. Walpers described it as
being nearest B. parviflora Willd., wherefore Forbes and Hemsley
(Journ. Linn. Soc. 23: 435. 1888) stated that it might be referable
to B. parviflora or to B. bipinnata. The plant, however, is typical
Glossogyne tenuifolia Cass., and the species has already been thus
equated on a label for another specimen (legit Hillebrand) by some-
one in the Berlin Herbarium (cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 91. 1923).
1 For a further note upon the validity of the name Thelesperma megapotamicum,
vide Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 83: 425. 1927.
640 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens mirabilis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 61: 496. pi. 31. 1916. = Eri-
centrodea mirabilis (Sherff) Blake & Sherff ex Blake, Journ. Wash.
Acad. Sci. 13: 105. 1923. Cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 26, footnote 1.
The footnote in question was meant to include also the latinized
description of Ericentrodea and the citation of the type species.
These, however, were erroneously placed by the printer in the body
of the text.
Bidens nivea L. Sp. PL 833. 1753 (non Sesse & Moc.) =Melanthera
nivea (L.) 0. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 118. 1911 (ex syn. L.).
Bidens novae-caledoniae Forst. ex Schlect. Linnaea 10: 480. 1835-
1836. = Glossogyne tenuifolia (LaB.) Cass. Diet. Sci. Nat. 51 : 475. 1827.
Bidens ochracea (0. Hoffm.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 158. 1923.=
Coreopsis ochracea 0. Hoffm. Bot. Jahrb. 30: 431. 1901 (cf. Sherff,
op. cit. 80: 375. pi. 19. 1925). Hoffmann had not seen ripe fruits of
this species.1 In my earlier studies it seemed that the specimens of
this handsome species of the Nyassa region were of two kinds,
differing generically on the basis of the winged character of the
achenes. Further specimens have shown that some material is
merely more tardy than the rest in displaying achenial wings. As
the specimens mature, their achenes become fairly well winged. Be-
sides the type (W. Goetze 731, on red laterite, hilly plateau, in thin
bush growth, at altitude of 1,700 meters, Bweni, Uhehe, March 11,
1899; BerL), I have seen the following: Ad. Stolz 764 pro parte,
growing 2 meters tall, alt. 600 meters, Kyimbila, Langenburg, German
East Africa, June 8, 1911 (BerL); idem 764 pro parte, eodem loco,
February 27, 1912 (Del.); Muenzner 159, Msamvia, Lake Tangan-
yika District, German East Africa, February 24, 1909 (BerL; type
of Coreopsis Cosmophylla Sherff); A. Whyte, northern Nyassaland
(Kew); E. Battiscombe 83, alt. 1,050-1,200 meters, Muhoroni, British
East Africa (Kew; forma foliis plus minusve atypica); W. H. Nutt,
alt. about 1,800 meters, between Lake Tanganyika and Lake Rukwa,
1896 (Kew).
Bidens Ocymifolia Lam. Encycl. 1: 416. 1783; Lam. & Poir.
Illustr. Gen. 3: 244, pi. 668, fig. 3. 1823. =Spilanthes Ocymifolia (Lam.)
A. H. Moore, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42: 531. 1907. Here, as elsewhere
in similar cases unless noted to the contrary, I have preferred to
rely upon Moore's special knowledge of the various species of Spi-
lanthes. I examined the Lamarckian specimen in 1924 (Par.) and
noted in manuscript merely that it was a Spilanthes.
1 "Reife Friichte fehlen; nach den Fruchtknoten zu erteilen konnten sie
gefliigelt sein": Hoffm. loc. cit.
THE GENUS BIDENS 641
Bidens oleracea (L.) Cav. ex Steud. Norn. ed. 2. 1: 203. 1840.=
Spilanthes oleracea L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 2: 534. 1767 (cf. A. H. Moore,
op. cit. 530).
Bidens Palmeri Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 429. 1887. = Cosmos
Landii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 29. 1917. This species, with its strongly
ribbed leaves, is very close to Cosmos Crithmifolius H.B.K., but
differs in its yellow rays and slightly dissimilar leaf outline. In most
specimens the achenes are clearly erostrate, but occasionally some of
the central ones become highly elongated above, appearing almost
distinctly rostrate and thus exactly simulating those of such species
as Cosmos Crithmifolius and C. linearifolius. This is especially
notable in certain material collected by Barnes and Land (Nos. 164
and 189, Field). In fact, the subrostrate character of the achenes
was known to Gray (cf. Gray, loc. cit., "achaeniis subulatis . . .
subrostratis"). Yet, curiously enough, he placed this species in
Bidens, while previously (Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 16. 1883) he had
determined as Cosmos Seemannii a Ghiesbreght plant, described
by himself as having "essentially beakless . . . achenes." I have
examined the following specimens: Edward Palmer 315, Rio Blanco,
Jalisco, Mexico, August, 1886 (Gray; Phila.; U.V.); C. G. Pringle
2348, vicinity of Guadalajara, Jalisco, November 2, 1889 (Del.;
Field; Phila.; U.V., 2 sheets); idem 11490, banks of ravines at alt.
1,525 meters, Rio Blanco near Guadalajara, Jalisco, October 6,
1903 (Field) ; C. R. Barnes & W. J. G. Land 164 and 167, alt. 1,707
meters, Sierra de San Esteban, Jalisco, September 28, 1908 (Field);
iidem 189, alt. 1,737 meters, eodem loco et tempore (Field).
Bidens paradoxa D. Don ex Hook. & Arn. in Hooker, Journ. Bot.
3: 319. 184:0.= Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) 0. Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. PI. 3, pt. 2: 182. 1898 (cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 91. 1923;
ibid. 83:425. 1927).
Bidens perianthomega Arrab. ex Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 203. 1840.
Erroneously given for Bignonia perianthomega Velloso, Fl. Flum.
248; 6: pi. 34. 1827 (cf. Ind. Kew. 1: 301. 1895).
Bidens Peucedanifolia (Wedd.) 0. Kuntze cum var. bipinnati-
secta 0. Ktze. et var. soratensis 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 3, pt. 2:
136-137. 1898.= Cosmos Peucedanifolius Wedd. Chlor. And. 1: 70.
1855.
Bidens Peucedanifolia var. cochabambensis 0. Ktze. loc. cit. =
Cosmos Peucedanifolius var. cochabambensis (0. Ktze.) Sherff, Bot.
Gaz. 88: 307. 1929.
642 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens Peucedanifolia var. tiraquensis 0. Ktze. loc. cit. = Cosmos
Peucedanifolius var. tiraquensis (0. Ktze.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. loc. cit.
Bidens pinnatifida Buch.-Ham. in Wall. Cat. No. 3190. 1828. =
Glossogyne pinnatifida (Buch.-Ham. in Wall.) DC. in Wight, Contr.
19. 1834.
Bidens pseudacmella (L.) Zorn, Ic. PI. Med. Cent. 6. pi 594-
l7W.=Verbesina pseudo-acmella L. Sp. PI. 2: 901. 1753 (fide A. H.
Moore, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42: 561. 1907).
Bidens pulcherrima Schz. Bip. Linnaea 34: 528. 1865-1866.=
Nomen subnudum. Name applied by Schultz Bipontinus to G.
Mandon 54, specimens of which (Gray; Brit.) are referable to Cosmos
Peucedanifolius Wedd. Chlor. And. 1: 70. 1855.
Bidens purpurea DC., cum var. glabriuscula DC., Prodr. 5: 604.
1836. = Cosmos purpureus (DC.) Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. 2: 387.
1876; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 200. 1881 (cf. Sherff, Bot.
Gaz. 80: 381. 1925).1
Bidens Ramtila Wall. Cat. 3191. 1828; B. Ramtilla Wall, ex DC.
Prodr. 5: 551, 605. 1836. = Guizotia abyssinica Cass. Diet. Nat. Sci.
59:248.1829.
Bidens reptans Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 308.
1852-1857 (non [L.] G. Don). = Cosmos diversifolius Otto in Knowles
& Westc. Fl. Cab. 2: 3. pi. 1,7. 1838.
Bidens rhombifolia Schz. Bip. Bonplandia 4: 54. 1856 (nomen).
= Het erosperma • rhombifolium (Schz. Bip.) Griseb. Goett. Abh. 19:
138. 1874; cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 80. pi. 8. 1923. Schultz Biponti-
nus, who reduced Heterosperma to Bidens, published without
description the name Bidens ( Heterosperma) rhombifolia for a plant
collected by W. Lechler, No. 1576, in rubbish-covered places, May,
1854, Tacna, Peru. Later Grisebach (loc. cit.) transferred the species
to Heterosperma, supplying a very scant description: "Species parum
ab H. maritimo Kth. foliis latioribus (2" longis, 1" latis) recedens."
The leaves of H. maritimum were described as 4-4.5 lines wide;
those of H. rhombifolium are 7-9.3 lines wide, and because of this
greater width have a remarkably different aspect. The achenes of
the outer, perfect (hermaphrodite) florets in H. maritimum were
described as obsoletely tridentate at the apex, but the corresponding
achenes of H. rhombifolium are definitely biaristate.2 In 1914, on
1B. purpurea Downing (Nat. Great L. Region 317. 1922) is an error for Bra-
senia purpurea Casp. (=B. Schreberi Gmel.).
2 It should be remarked, however, that in the type plate, fig. 3, of H. maritimum,
two definite aristae are shown on the achene. No tridentate character is indicated.
THE GENUS BIDENS 643
finding one of Lechler's original specimens in Paris, I made a draw-
ing of it (Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 80, pi. 8. 1923). The leaves suggested
strongly the possibility of the plant's being the Heterosperma
ovatifolium of Cavanilles, described from "Peru" in 1822 (Cav. Descr.
204. 1802), and later renamed H. ovatum by Willdenow (Sp. PL
ed. 4. 3: 2129. 1804). 1 Cavanilles' description of the leaves, however,
"Las hojas son aovadas, de cinco a ocho lineas de largo," shows his
plant to have been one of the smaller-leaved species native to
that region. In the Paris specimen of H. rhombifolium the principal
leaves all measure from 9 to 16 lines long,2 not 5-8 lines as given by
Cavanilles. The plant, on comparison with Kunth's plate in Hum-
boldt and Bonpland's Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (4: pi.
383. 1820), appears to differ from H. maritimum mainly in having
large, rhombic-ovate instead of small, rhombic-lanceolate leaves.
Since the paucity of material in the larger herbaria makes it
impossible actually to settle the separate identity of H. rhombifolium
as distinct from H. maritimum, attempts at synonymizing the two
would seem for the present to be valueless.
Bidens rigidaHort. Calc. ex C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 141. 1876. =
Glossogyne pinnatifida (Buch.-Ham. in Wall.) DC. in Wight, Contr.
19. 1834.
Bidens Sartorii Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 307.
1852-1857. = Cosmos Crithmifolius H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 190
(242). 1820. I have examined Schultz Bipontinus' type (Par.).
Bidens Scabiosoides (H.B.K.) Schz. Bip. loc. cit. 308 (cf. Ortg.
in Regel, Gartenflora 408. 1861). =Cosmos Scabiosoides H.B.K. Nov.
Gen. etSp. 4:242. 1820.
Bidens scandens L. Sp. PI. 833. 1753. =Salmea scandens (L.)
DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 141. 1813 (cf. 0. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb.
Antill. 7: 144. 1911; cf. Blake, Journ. Bot. 53: 197. 1915).
Bidens Scorzoneraefolia Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 3: 247.
1884. =Isostigma Scorzoneraefolium (Baker) Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81:
246, pi. 23, figs, g, h. 1926.
1 In Cavanilles' description, the name "Heterosperma ovatifolia" [sic] appears
not as a binomial but merely as the first two words of a short Latin description,
followed by a longer Spanish description. Cavanilles' method of presenting his
plant names in his Descripciones is not the orthodox post-Linnean one, and only
by examination of his treatment of the many other plant names does one find
surely that the first two words in each description are the intended binomial.
2 Grisebach's measurements, "2* longis, 1* latis," appear to have been care-
lessly taken.
644 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens Seemannii Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 307.
1852-1857.= Cosmos Carvifolius Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 117. 1844
(cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 27. 1917; etiam 88: 303. 1929).
Bidens spathulata Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 149. 1923. = Coreopsis
Jacksonii S. L. Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc. 35: 347. 1902.
Bidens subalpina Larss. ex Kindb. Svensk Fl. 393. 1877.=
Betula intermedia Thorn, fide Kindb. loc. cit.
Bidens Succisaefolio Hemsl. in Ind. Curtis's Bot. Mag. 27. 1906.
=Coreopsis lanceolata L. Sp. PI. 908. 1753.
Bidens sulphured (Cav.) Schz. Bip. op. cit. 308.=Coswos sul-
phureus Cav. Icon, et Descr. PL 1: 56, pi 79. 1791.
Bidens tenella L. PI. Rar. Afr. 17. 1760; Amoen. Acad. 6: 96. 1760.
The Linnean Herbarium has two plants on one sheet. They were
identified long ago by Schultz Bipontinus as "Pectis (tenella)" and
"Charieis heterophylla Cass."
Bidens tenuifolia LaBill. Sert. Austr. Caled. 44, pi. 45. 1825.=
Glossogyne tenuifolia (LaBill.) Cass. Diet. Nat. Sci. 51 : 475. 1827.
Bidens tinctoria (Nutt.) Baill. Hist. PL 8: 305. 1886; (Nutt.)
Baill. ex Ind. Kew. 1: 301. 1895.=Coreopst's tinctoria Nutt. Journ.
Acad. Phila. 2: 114. 1821.
Bidens tridentata Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 24, pt. 1: 183. 1851.
=Glossogyne tridentata (Turcz.) Benth. & Hook. Gen. PL 2: 389.
1873.
Bidens tripteris (L.) Krause in Sturm, FL Deutschl. ed. 2. 13:
158. 1905. = Coreopsis tripteris L. Sp. PL 2: 908. 1753.
Bidens tuberosa Schz. Bip. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 12: 79. 1865;
Linnaea 34: 528. 1865-1866. Nomen subnudum. Applied by
Schultz Bipontinus to G. Mandon 49, specimens of which (N.Y.,
etc.) are referable to Viguiera fusi/ormis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb,
n. ser. 54: 145. 1918.
Bidens valladolidensis Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald
308. 1852-1857. = Cosmos Crithmifolius H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4:
190 (242). 1820.
Bidens variabilis (Desf.) Baill. Hist. PL 8: 305. 1886; etiam
(Desf.) Gomez, Ann. Hist. Nat. Madrid 19: 275. 1890.=Z)a^a
variabilis Desf. Cat. PL Hort. Reg. Paris ed. 3. 182. 1829.
Bidens verticillata L. Sp. PL 833. 1753 (non [L.] Baill.). = Tn-
chospira verticillata (L.) Blake, Torreya 15: 106. 1915.
THE GENUS BIDENS 645
Bidens verticillata (L.) Baill. Hist. PI. 8: 305. 1886. ^Coreopsis
verticillata L. Sp. PI. 907. 1753.
Bidens Xantiana Rose ex Vasey & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
1: 72. 1890.= Heterosperma Xantii Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 162
(cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 61: 497, footnote 2. 1916). Heterosperma is
very closely connected with Bidens through Heterosperma Xantii
Gray, the type of which (Gray) is matched by that of Bidens Xanti-
ana Rose (U.S.); a species best retained in Heterosperma, a view in
accord with the treatment by Brandegee (Zoe 1: 309. 1890), who,
moreover, has since positively corroborated (in lit., 1913) my
equation of Bidens Xantiana Rose with Heterosperma Xantii Gray.
ADDENDA
71. Bidens segetum Mart, ex Colla, p. 194, PI. XLIX and PI. L.
Colla's rare work (Herb. Pedem.) describing this species is inacces-
sible to me. Drs. Henry A. Gleason and Elmer D. Merrill very
kindly sent me copied portions of the text. From the inscription
("Bidens segetum Mar.") accompanying Colla's type specimen and
from Colla's citation of the herbarium of Martius ("14. B. segetum
= Mart. hb.") as seen in these copies, though set forth somewhat
unconventionally, it is evident that "Martius ex Colla" should be
given for the authorship of the name B. segetum. (Similarly, B.
fervida Hort. Erf. ex Colla is correct for the full citation of Colla's
B. fervida on p. 366.)
m 147a. Bidens Muelleri sp. nov.
Herba pumila, perennis, e radice plus minusve perpendiculari
4-8 mm. crassa saltern 3 vel 4 cm. longa crescens, subacaulescens,
±5 cm. alta, subconferte subcaespitoseque foliata. Folia petiolata
petiolis planis submarginatis glabris vel basim versus hispidis usque
ad 3.5 cm. longis et 0.6-1 mm. latis, petiolo adjecto sub 5 cm. longa,
lamina circumambitu deltoideo-ovata, bipinnatisecta; segmentis
(primariis 1-3 jugis ad rhachin decurrentibus) lineari-oblongis,
crassiusculis, obtusis vel subacutis, glabris, subrevolutis, majoribus
uninerviis, 1-2 mm. latis. Capitula pauca (1-3), pedunculum
scapoideum glabrum inferne arcuatum superne erectum 2-4 cm.
longum et circ. 0.5 mm. crassum terminantia, radiata, pansa ad
anthesin circ. 1.8-2.3 cm. lata et circ. 9 mm. alta. Involucri sub-
hemisphaerici bracteae exteriores 6-8, lineari-oblongae, apice obtusae,
tergo glabrae, marginibus glabri vel raro paulum spinuloso-ciliatae,
2-4 mm. longae et sub 1 mm. latae; interiores ovato-oblongae, anguste
646 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
flavo-marginatae aliter brunneo-nigrescentes, glabrae vel ad apicem
minute pubescentes, circ. 8-9 mm. longae. Flores ligulati plerumque
8, aurei, ligula ovato-oblongi, apice obtuso plus minusve denticulati,
±1 cm. longi. Paleae plus minusve oblanceolatae, apice obtusae
±6 mm. longae. Achaenia matura absentia. Ovaria oblongo-
fusiformia, plana, nitido-brunneae, glabrata, apice paulum dilatata
vel etiam subbidenticulata sed non aristata, usque ad 2 mm. longa.
Type specimen : Collected by C. H. Mueller, No. 2267, abundant
in meadows above timber line, on the peak of Cerro Potosi, Galeana,
Nuevo Leon, Mexico, July 21, 1935 (Field).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in Nuevo Leon,
Mexico.
Specimens examined: Mueller 2267 (type, Field).
The type sheet bears seven specimens. The dried capitula offer
an illusory resemblance to those of most South American species of
Coreopsis, because of the conspicuous, dark interior involucral bracts.
I am indebted to Mr. Paul C. Standley of Field Museum for oppor-
tunity to study this recently collected material (which he had very
properly considered as representing a new species), and to prepare
a detailed description for insertion in this work. — The affinities are
probably closest with B. Anthemoides, B. andicola, and B. triplinervia
var. macrantha.
185a. Bidens Lindblomii sp. nov.
Herba perennis, fruticosa, glabra, verisimiliter erecta et ±1 m.
alta; caule subtereti vel parce subtetragono, inferne ac mediane
simplici. Folia opposita, tenuiter petiolata petiolis glaberrimis 1-2
cm. longis basi connatis, petiolo adjecto saepius 6-9 cm. longa,
3-5-partita; foliolis plus minusve ovatis vel rhomboideo-ovatis,
obtusis, paucidentatis (dentibus suborbiculato-ovatis saepe mucro-
nulatis), membranaceis, eciliatis vel obsoletissime ciliatis, 1-3.5 cm.
latis. Capitula ±11-13 corymboso-paniculate disposita, radiata,
pansa ad anthesin 3-4 cm. lata et circ. 12-13 mm. alta, tenuiter
pedicellata pedicellis glabris usque ad 9 cm. longis. Involucri plus
minusve glabri bracteae exteriores circ. 5 vel 6, patentes vel reflexae,
oblongo-lineares, apice subobtusae, circ. 4-5 mm. longae; interiores
ovato-oblongae, 6-7 mm. longae. Flores ligulati circ. 8, flavi, ligula
obovato-oblongae vel late ellipticae, apice subdenticulati, 1.6-2 cm.
longi. Paleae lineari-oblongae, acutae vel obtusae, ±7 mm. longae.
Achaenia matura non visa. Ovaria ±4 mm. longa, linearia, plana,
basim versus angustata, faciebus glabra, marginibus erecte setosa,
THE GENUS BIDENS 647
apice setis erectis coronata et bi- vel plerumque triaristata; aristis
elongato-filiformibus, de apice fere usque ad basim acriter retrorsum-
que hamosis, 4-5 mm. longis.
Type specimen : Collected by K. G. Lindblom, in Ukamba, British
East Africa, 1911-1912 (Stockh.).
Distribution : Known only from type locality in Ukamba, British
East Africa.
Specimens examined : K. G. Lindblom, Ukamba, 1911-1912 (type,
Stockh.).
The type was found, on the eve of publication, among a large
assortment of undetermined specimens received from Th. Arwidsson
of the Natural History Royal Museum of Stockholm. In my Clavis
it runs down to the second i on page 65. From the specimens there
given, however, it differs at once in one or more of the characters
noted : glabrous stem and leaves, corymbose-paniculate inflorescence,
capitula 3-4 cm. wide and about 12-13 mm. tall, exceptionally
elongate-filiform and retrorsely barbed aristae of the usually triaris-
tate ovaries, etc.
INCERTAE SEDIS
Bidens grandiflora var. y. longiloba O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. 3, pt. 2:
136. 1898. "Folia plurima 2-3-pinnatisecta lobis longis integris
anguste lanceolatis. Bolivia: Cochabamba."
Bidens ingrata Larranaga ex Escritos D. A. Larranaga (Publ.
Inst. Hist. Geogr. Uruguay) 2: 250. 1923. "Floribus 1-2 radiatis,
calicibus nudis, foliis pinnatis, superioribus pinnatifidis; glabris caule
tetragono."
Bidens Martii Colla, Herb. Pedem. 3: 306. 1834.
Bidens Maximowicziana Getting. Act. Hort. Bot. Univ. Imp.
Jurjuv. 6: 219, pi. 3, fig. 1. 1905. Doubtless is Bidens radiata Thuill.
Bidens odora Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 56. 1813.
Bidens paleacea Vis. Nuov. Saggi Ace. Padov. 5: 266. 1840.
Native of Nubia. "Gehort nach der Beschreibung in den Formen-
kreis vonB. pilosus L."— 0. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. (Suppl.) 50. 183.
1914.
Bidens tetragona Sess4 & Moc. PI. Nov. Hispan. ed. 1. 131. 1887.
A plant described from San Angel, near the City of Mexico (stem
quadrangulate-alate, leaves rhombic-lanceolate, peduncles solitary
and terminal, capitula yellow and radiate, etc.). Belongs clearly in
648 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
another genus. An authentic specimen is lacking among the large
collection of Sesse" & Mocino plants recently sent from the Madrid
Botanical Garden to Field Museum for study.
Bidens trifoliata Noronha, Verh. Batav. Gen. 5 (ed. 1, art.
IV?) : 8. 1790. Nomen nudum. Probably B. pilosa L. or one of its
varieties.
Bidens trifoliata Gueldenstadt, Reis. Russl. Cauc. Geb. 2: 9. 1791:
Guldenst. ex Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 516. 1844-1846. Nomen nudum.
Probably B. tripartita L., for which it is cited as a synonym by
Ledebour, loc. cit.
Bidens Vestii Schz. Bip. Flora 39: 358. 1856; Coreopsis fruticosa
Vest, Flora 3: 7. 1820; Bidens fruticosa (Vest) DC. Prodr. 5: 596.
1836; non (Forst.) Schz. Bip. loc. cit. A glabrous plant, of unknown
origin. The leaves were oblong, lanceolate, dentate. The stem was
shrubby. The rays numbered up to 12. The achenes were smooth,
4-aristate, the aristae retrorsely barbed. Vest described the plant
as having been planted in his garden under the name Iva frutescens
and brought probably from Vienna.
Bidens Viciosoi Pau, Bol. Soc. Arag. 7: 78. 1908. Should be com-
pared with Bidens pilosa L.
INDEX OF COLLECTORS CITED1
Collectors' names and page numbers in italic type
Abadia, around Lima, 1833, 358
Abbon, "Monterrey," 238
Abbott, W. L., Kilimanjaro, 1890, 606
Abrams, LeRoy R., no. 2484, 415
no. 4177, 315
no. 6758, 238
no. 12046, 247
Adamovic, Lujo, Vranja, Sept. 2, 1903,
283
Adrianople, July, 1906, 283
Adamson, George, no. 363, 543
Adamson & Mumford, no. 400, 79
no. 469, 82
Adole, Brother, no. 63 p.p., 445
Agniel, Brother, Queretaro, 1910-1913,
445
Agriculture, ex Dept. of, no. 2482, 5^7
Agronomica, Herb. Estacion Central,
ex, no. 1349, 470
Aitchison, James Edward Tierney, no.
660, 390
no. 982, 390
Alamdn, Mexico, 1825, 528
west of Guanajuato, 1829, 336
Mexico, 1831, Ski
no. 26, 336
Albers, no. 204, 576
Alboff, Nicolas, no. 460, 272
Alexander, Richard Chandler, coffee
region, Blue Mts., Nov. 28, 1850,
178
Jamaica, 440
Diablo, 1849, 1*32
Jamaica, 1850, 170
Diablo, 1850, 432
Allabach, Lulu F., LaSalle Isl., Aug.
25, 1920, 302
Allart, nos. 69, 457, 180
Allebach, H. G., Ocean City, Oct., 1918,
222
Allen, C. E. F., no. 434, 555
Allison, Andrew, no. 46, 229
Ambrosius, vineyards, Valsugana, 367
Anderson, St. Vincent, 170
Anderson, D. J., China, Mar. 19, 1868,
422
Anderson, Robert T., no. 12562, 238
Andersson, Nils Johan, no. 66, 4.75
Andre, Edouard Francois, no. 103, 180
no. 151, 1*69
no. 551, 315
no. 556, 507
no. 2878, 351
no. 3952, 511
Andrieux, G,, no. 312, 315
Anonymous, Delaware Co., 315
Cambridge, cult, at, from achenes
collected by Charles Wright in
1851, 381
ex Hort. Bot. Genevae from Rio de
Janeiro, Sept. 24, 1826, 463
fresh-water pools, Honolulu and Wai-
lupe, 315
Kamwake-mura, Nov. 23, 1896, 422
Lake Baikal, 384
Navy Yard, Philadelphia, Sept.,
1868, 432
ditches, Padua and Pavia, Aug.-
Sept., 285
Pontcheri to Lyon, Sept. 3, 1836, 285
Popocatapetl (comm. H. Broughton-
Laigh), 521
Sakawa, Oct. 10, 1890, 272
St. Croix, 422, 469
Tarapaca (comm. R. A. Philippi,
Feb., 1888), 507, 509
Tokyo, pet. 3, 1893, 390
Transbaikal region, 384
Usuri, 384
no. 56, 576
no. 63, Lizard Isl., Apr., 1861, 367
no. 123, Manoa Valley, May 13, 1854,
415
no. 235, Hort. Berol. e sem. Schimperi
abyssin., 1857, 628
Antunes, no. 197, 543
no. 315, 330
Aoust, Virl. d', no. 404, 526
nos. 447, 496, 605,511
Arechavaleta, Jose, LaBarra, 315
no. 4021, 315
no. 4123, 462
Argentorati, Hort., Aug., 1841, 508
Strassburg, Aug., 1841, 507
Ariste-Joseph, Brother, Paramo de Usme,
1922, 188
no. A42, 509
no. A832, 358
Arsene, Brother Gerfroy (Brouard,
Arsene Gustave Joseph), states of
Puebla and Michoacan, £50
near Laguna de San Baltasar, Aug.
16, 1906, 333
Mayorazgo, Aug. 16, 1906, 333
near Hacienda Santa Barbara, 1907,
445
azotea de San Pedro, Sept. 27, 1908,
445
Unnumbered specimens are cited, generally, in the inverse order of exactness
as to geographic location, in alphabetical order as to locality, or in chronological
order.
649
650 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Quinceo, 1910, 361
nos. 102, 1410, 2414, 3080, 10165, 333
nos. 497, 497a, 4976, 497c, 1813, 2340,
6350, 10430, 445
nos. 1982, 5870, 7211, 363
no. 3164, 459
nos. 3198, 5797, 6774, 361
Aschenborn, Alwln, Mexico, 1872, 442
nos. 189, 433, S1>1
no. 478, 31 5
Ashcroft, George B., Berea, July, 1897,
222
Asplund, Erik, no. 42, 4.55
Autheman, Alphonse, no. 2217, 368
Bachmann, F., Pondoland, Apr., 1888,
390
nos. 1585, 1588, 1589, 422
no. 1586, 390
Backer, C. A., no. 12506, 281
nos. 18215, 20605, 390
Bade, no. 102, 315
Baenitz, Carl Gabriel, near Lowenhagen,
Aug. 20, 1889, 290
Lowenhagen, Sept.-Oct., 1878, 290
Bagshawe, Arthur William Gerrard,
Musozi, Dec. 18, 563
Bain, Samuel McCutchen, no. 297, 215
no. 422, 213, 217
Baker, Charles Fuller, no. 8, 368
no. 643, 376
nos. 1697, 3727, 315
nos. 2121, 2214, 180
nos. 2204, 3729, 415
Baker, G. S., no. 312, 584
Bakke, Arthur Laurence, vicinity of
Forest City, Aug., 1912, 247
Balansa, Benedict, Cesarea, Sept. 1,
1856, 302
vicinity of Rehitze, Sept., 1866, 272
Caaguazu, Mar. 24, 1876, 485
no. 908, 480
no. 910, 390
Baldwin, A. A., no. 47, 432
Baldwyn, Georgia, 229, 231
Ball, Carleton Roy, no. 490, 238
Ball, John, near Belfast, Aug., 1837, 272
near Sneem, Sept. 20, 1859, 302
Kerry Co., Sept. 22, 1859, 272
vicinity of Colico, Aug. 21, 1863, 272
Valley of Rimac River, Apr., 1882,
422 499
Chicla, Apr. 21-23, 1882, 496, 499
near Chicla, Apr. 21-23, 1882, 451
above Casapalla, Apr. 22, 1882, 499
Ballieu, Hawaiian Isls., 146
no. 46, 95
Bang, Miguel, nos. 16, 1406, 180
no. 16 p.p., 496, 499, 502
no. 141a, 499
no. 2031, 188
no. 2152 p.p., 195, 197, 198
Banks, Joseph, & Daniel Charles
Solander, Tonga Isls., 87
Rio de Janeiro, 1768, 462
Tahiti, 1769, 87
New Holland, 1770, 391
Barber, J. H., no. 158, 415
Barber, Charles Melvin, & Charles Henry
Tyler Toumsend, Sierra Madre,
July 17, 1899, 388
Barbey, Auguste A., Baliagata, Apr. 10,
1S91, 422
Barclay, George, Huamantanga, 476
no. 2290, 511
no. 2643, 476
no. 3213, 81
Barnes, Charles Reid, Charles Joseph
Chamberlain, & William Jesse Goad
Land, no. 5 p.p., 511, 521
no. 369, 491
Barnes, C. R., & W. J. G. Land, nos.
164, 167, 189, 641
Baron, Richard, Madagascar, 391
no. 43, 415
no. 99, 368
Bartram, Edvnn Bunting, Newport
News, Sept. 16, 1907, 222
Frazer, Sept. 12, 1909, 219
Devon, Oct. 28, 1911, 247
nos. 1251, 1369, 238
nos. 1280, 1339, 258
no. 1295, 204
no. 1302, 302
no. 1339, 264
no. 1372, 251
Batchelder, Charles Foster, Winchester,
Oct. 7, 1917, 256
Merrimack, Aug. 26, 1919, 315
no. 2071, 256
Bates, G. L., no. 39, 422
Bates, John Mallery, St. Paul, Sept. 17
and 25, 1910, 251
no. 5424, 258
Battiscombe, E., no. 63, 555
no. 78, 607
no. 83, 640
Baum, H., no. 696, 586
no. 708, 591
no. 847, 589
no. 883, 590
Baur, G., no. Ill, 422
Bean, Ralph Carleton, F. W. Bird, &
Clarence Hinckley Knowlton, Mash-
pee, Sept. 16, 1916, 261
Bean, Ross Smoot, Oahu, Apr. 12, 1931,
116
no. 1, 111
no. 2322, 116
Bebb, Michael Schuck, Fountaindale,
302
no. 363, 247
Bebb, Robert, no. 755, 247
Beck, R, H., no. 1529, 80
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
651
Beckmth, Florence, no. 71, 215
Beddome, Captain R. H., no. 4510, 51 1
no. 4511, 511, 519
Beechey, Captain Frederick William,
California, 315
Oahu, 111
Tahiti, 87
Valparaiso, 1+51
Beguinot, Augusta, no. 1378, 341
Behrendsen, Werner, Potsdam, Sept. 26,
1896, 238
no. 4106, 238
Belanger, Charles, no. 176, 170
nos. 179, 522, 470
Bellini, Andrea, no. 330, 401
Benham, Miss G. E., Mt. Elgon, 1920,
597
Benke, Hermann Conrad, no. 236, 368
no. 3843, 229
Benner, Walter Mackinnett, Telford,
Sept. 14, 1913, 251
above Point Pleasant, Sept. 16, 1923,
251
Bennett, Arthur, no. 107, 272
Bennett, Frederick Debell, Maui, 151
no. 45, 75
Bent, J. T., Nubia, 1896, 555
seacoast of Nubia, 1896, 401
Benzon, P. E., St. Croix, 470
West Indies, 1820, 470
Bequaert, Joseph, no. 270, 57-4
no. 302, 380
no. 389, 569
no. 3040, 597
nos. 3685, 4461, 578
no. 5987, 541
Berlandier, Jean Luis, mts. about City
of Mexico, Sept., 532
nos. 5, 39, 113, 800, 456, 458
nos. 14, 730, 2148, 2150, 180
no. 606, 315
no. 717, 341, 345
no. 756, 442
no. 875, 409
no. 920, 532
nos. 1001, 1091, 341
nos. 1010, 1152, 352
no. 1030, 491, 493
no. 1138 p.p., 442, 445, 448
no. 1198, 528
no. 2220, 456
Berlin, Bot. Card, of (Hort. Berol.),
e seminibus mex., 417
in 1806, 344
cult. arm. 1831 e sem. mex. a Deppeo
missis, 442
Oct., 1833, 507
in 1840, 507
e seminibus mex. Aug., 1840, 507
Sept., 1840, 507
ex, ann. 1858, 334
ex, July 18, 1863, 334
Bermejos, J., no. 177, 391
Bernet, Henri, Geneva, Aug., 1860, 272
Grand-Laconnex, Oct., 1866, and
Sept., 1868, 302
Bernoulli, Gust., no. 155, 521
no. 477, 415
no. 1205, 432
Bernoulli & Carlo, no. 1384, £75, 477
nos. 1375, 1519, 180
nos. 1492, 1552, 432
no. 1551, 459
Bertero, Charles Joseph, Jamaica, 170
Puerto Rico, 473, 636
Santo Domingo, 432
near Angostura, Feb., 1829, 315
nos. 95, 845, 451
no. 97, 315
no. 444, 422
no. 844, 432
Bertero, C. J., & J. A. Moerenhout,
Tahiti, 1831, 87
Bessey, Ernst Athearn, Colorado Springs,
July 10, 1895, 376
Bettfreund, Carl, nos. 193, 199, 315
Bettfreund, Carl, & Isolina Koster, nos.
460, 461, 462
Beyrich, Heinrich Carl, around Rio de
Janeiro, 415, 466
Bidivill, Eimeo, 87
Bigelow, John Milton, mountain arroyo,
Rock Creek, July, 362
Hurrah Creek, Sept. 25, 1853-1854,
365
banks of Pecos River, Oct. 14, 1853,
577
no. 581, 365
no. 5826, 362
Bilimek, Dominik, no. 203, 180
Billot, C., LaVerpilliere, 285
Lyon to Pontche>i, 285
nos. 2866, 28666zs, 272
Biltmore Herbarium, anon, ex, no. 1386
p.p., 302, 315
no. 2060o, 217
Bioktti, Frederick Theodore, Lake Mer-
ced, Aug., 1892, 302
Biolley, no. 7028, 180
Birschel, 180
Bissell, Charles Humphrey, Norwalk,
Sept. 16, 1901, 368
Brunswick, Aug. 13, 1911, 322
no. 293, 302
no. 295, 258
Bissell, C. H., & David H. Linder,
no. 22863, 302
Bisset, James, Yokohama, Oct., 1876,
391
Bitting, Arvill, no. 1297, 432
Blake, Sidney Fay, along C. & 0. Canal,
Oct. 5, 1924, 243
nos. 2843, 3002, 247
no. 2985, 234
652 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
nos. 8392, 8680, 8839, 243
no. 8644, 217
nos. 8680, 8901, 257
nos. 9698, 9703, 206
nos. 10771, 10771A, 10771B, 208
no. 10784A, 210
Blanchet, Jacques Samuel, Bahia, 422
Bahia, 1836, 422
nos. 51, 195, J^62
nos. 139, 143, 422
no. 816, 466
Blankinship, Joseph William, no. 259,
303
Blau, no. 2012, 272
Blauner, no. 86, 470
Bleuntt, Arthur Edmund, nos. 1103,
1148, 234
no. 1123, 261
no. 1146, 315
no. 1147, 247
Blume, Carl Ludung, Java, 427, 4%8
Blumer, Jacob Corurin, nos. 1386, 1593,
2056, 377
nos. 1486, 1711, 2211, 362
nos. 1712, 2144, 365
no. 2144, 432
no. 3351, 381
Bodinier, R. P. Emile, Hongkong, 391
Bohnhof, Hugo, no. 186, 290, 295
no. 314, 303
Boice, Carrie A., Camden, Oct. 2, 1879,
204
Boivin, Louis C., Isl. Bourbon, 401
no. 155, 391
Bolander, Henry Nicholas, no. 2405, 315
Boll, J., Dallas, 315
Dallas, 1871, 238
Bolland, B. G. C., no. 6, 432
Bolle, Charles, Teneriffe, Nov. 17, 1851,
432
Bona, F. R., no. 131, 422
Bonnet, Edmond, & Theodore Delacour,
no. 311, 290
Bonpland, Aime (Jacques Alexander,
Goujaud), no. 3125, 494, 496
Boott, William, Boston, 1829, 256
Borges, Antone, no. 3798, 11 8
no. 3799, 104
Bornmuller, Joseph, nos. 9, 1177, 283
no. 743, 415
no. 2437, 432
Bosc, Louis Augustin Guillaume, Caro-
lina, 315
Botta, Yemen, 1837, 401
Botteri, Mateo, Mexico, 1856, 181, 341,
432
nos. 443, 444, 489, 181
Boullu, Abbe, Charvieux, Sept., 1851,
285
Pontcheri, Aug., 1853, 285
Rochelaise, 1883, 285
Pontcheri, Sept. 15-Oct. 9, 1883, 285
nos. 310, 798, 3769, 285
Bourgeon, Eugene, Saskatchewan, 1857-
1858, 247, 303
edge of Saskatchewan River, Sept.
18, 1857, 250
nos. 30, 1560, 3093, 181
nos. 147, 510, 315
no. 148 p.p., 442, 445
nos. 150, 847 p.p., 415
nos. 188, 811, 442
nos. 215 p.p., 847 p.p., 2253, 2561,
2681, 432
nos. 263, 382&zs, 603, 851, 957, 3084,
30846is, 3085, 341
no. 502 p.p., 334,341,345
nos. 812 p.p., 813 p.p., 445
no. 835, 532, 533
no. 836, 491
nos. 954, 956, 1079, 528
no. 2253, 456
Bourne, Alfred Gibbs, & Lady Bourne,
nos. 4594, 4594A, 45945, 4594C,
511
Boutakoff, nos. 6, 14, 39, 88, 571
Bowie, James, & Allan Cunningham,
Monte de Santa Theresa, Feb. 10,
1815, 462
Brace, Lewis Jones Knight, no. 385, 470
no. 1946, 432
no. 4121, 415
no. 5091, 432
Bracht, F., Verona, 368
Erode, Alex. Curt, no. 7104, 195
Brade, Alfred C., no. 2167, 432
Brainerd, Ezra, Middlebury, Sept. 23,
1904, 258
Brandegee, Townsend Stith, New Mex-
ico, 1879, 377
Sierra de San Francisquito, Oct.,
1890, 387
Sierra de San Francisquito, Mar. 23,
1892 349
San Bernardo, Oct. 13, 1893, 365
San Bernardo Canyon, Oct. 13, 1893,
483
LaChuparosa, Oct. 16-17, 1893, 387
Sierra de la Laguna, Oct. 19, 1893,
483
Sierra de la Laguna, Jan. 23, 349
near Miraflores, Sept. 27, 1899, 476
Miraflores, Sept. 27, 1899, 365
Sierra de la Laguna, Oct. 2, 1899, 387
Sierra de la Laguna, Oct. 4, 1899, 368
Culiacan, Sept. 12, 1904, 479
Culiacan, Sept. 20, 1904, 479
banks of Cofradia River, Oct. 20,
1904, 341
Cofradia, Oct. 20, 1904, 476
Cofradia, Oct. 21, 1904, 350
vicinity of San Luis Tultitlanapa,
1908, and July, 1908, 360
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
653
no. 318, 4#3
no. 319, 1*76
no. 320, 365
no. 321, 387
no. 323, 341
no. 706, 238
no. 1164, 377
Braun, nos. 671, 2682, 576
no. 5372, 588
no. 5505, 545
Braun, Alexander Carl Heinrich, Hort.
Carlsruh., 1841, 628
Braun, Henr., Goyss, Sept. 28, 1879,
SOS
Braun, Karl, no. 1341, 568
no. 2820, 537
no. 2857, 537
Braunton, Ernest, nos. 132, 576, 665,
728, 315
no. 674, 1>15
Brenning, Buenos Aires, Jan., 1894, 315
Bretschneider, Emil, Peking, 281, 384
nos. 385, 386, 387, 368
no. 388, 384
no. 1887, 391
Brewer, William Henry, no. 91, 316
no. 285, 415
Breyer, H. G., distrib. no. 19567, 570
Bridges, Thomas, Bolivia, 496, 499
Valparaiso, 1830, 451
no. 66, 451
no. 67, 316
Briggs, Mrs. F. A., Rainier, 1893, 303
Bright, John, Glenshaw, Sept. 5, 1912,
368
Potomac River, Sept. 2, 1918, 219
Cape May Co., Sept. 4, 1925, 222
Brinton, Jeremiah Bernard, banks of
Schuylkill River, Aug. 29, 1879,
316
Woodbury, Sept. 21, 1879, 316
Holly Oak, Aug. 19, 1888, 316
Wawa, Aug. 29, 1888, 365
Holly Oak, July 14, 1889, 316
Rock Hill, Sept. 15, 1889, 316
Holly Oak, Sept. 29, 1889, 316
Centre Square, Sept. 17, 1891, 316
Tylersport, Sept. 18, 1892, 316
Garretson's Meadows, Sept. 23, 1892,
999
WVM
Brinton & Keller, Egg Harbor, Sept.
22, 1894, 256
Britton, Mrs. Elizabeth Gertrude, nos.
3824, 3867, 178
Britton, Nathaniel Lord, Westport,
Sept. 6, 1892, 247
Whiting, Aug. 29, 1893, 222
Four Corners, Sept. 23, 1894, 251
no. 73, 178
no. 424, 316
no. 1488, 222
nos. 1612, 2972, 470
no. 2621, 170
no. 2631, 415
no. 3654, 1 74
Britton, N. L., & wife (E. G. Britton),
& J. A. Shafer, no. 116, 470
no. 158, 432
Britton, N. L., & John Francis Cowell,
no. 29, 470
nos. 1559, 4115, 174
no. 12789, 170
Britton, N. L., J. F. Cowell, & Steward-
son Brown, no. 4996, 470
Brilton, N. L., J. F. Cowell, & J. A.
Shafer, no. 12955, 174
Britton, N. L., & Arthur Hollick, no.
1792, 199
no. 2001, 170
Britton, N. L., & Charles Frederick
Millspaugh, no. 2596, 482
Britton, N. L., & John Adolph Shafer,
nos. 752, 3117, 470
Britton, N. L., & W. M. Wheeler, no.
129, 470
Britton, N. L., & Percy Wilson, no. 469,
470
Broadway, Walter Elias, St. George's,
Nov.-Dec., 1904, 470
no. 2280, 422
no. 2690, 432
no. 5128, 415
Brooks, W. P., southern Hokkaido,
1884, 303
Brown, Addison, near Communipaw
Ferry, July 3, 1880, 272
Brown, Ernest, no. 137, 540
nos. 404, 2651, 584
Brown, Forest Buff en Harkness, nos.
405A, 405B, 75
no. 1084, 92
Brown, F. B. H., & Mrs. Elizabeth D. W.
Brown, no. 1018, 92
Brown, H. E., no. 35, 303
no. 51, 238
Brown, O. H., no. 112, 234
no. 113, 258
Brown, Robert, no. 2121, 391
Brown, Stewardson, Budd's Lake, 1894,
234
no. 14, 433
no. 145, 1 70
Brown, Stewardson, & Nathaniel Lord
Britton, nos. 125, 179, 433
Browne, Patrick, probably Antigua, 1 70
Bruce, Miss E. M., no. 26, 604
nos. 589, 603, 555
Bryan, Edwin H., Jr., nos. 793, 827, 133
no. 847, 106
Bryan, William Allanson, Diamond
Head, Dec. 6, 1903, 163
Salt Lake, Dec. 13, 1903, 416
Bryant, E. M., no. 69, 470
Buchanan, John, nos. 190, 251, 928, 543
654 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Buchner, Wilhelm, no. 31, 594
Buchtlen, Otto, Valparaiso, Aug. 20,
1895, 451
La Paz, Feb. 5, 1907, 496
alt. 3,840 meters, Mar., 1910, 499
La Paz, May 11, 454
Cotana, Nov., 1911, 416, 422
alt. 3,750 meters, La Paz, Mar., 1912,
499
Polo-Polo, Oct.-Nov., 1912, 416
alt. 3,750 meters, La Paz, Mar., 1913,
499
alt. 3,670 meters, La Paz, Apr., 1913,
502
alt. 3,200 meters, Unduavi, Feb.,
1914, 511
La Paz, Feb., 1919, 496
alt. 3,800 meters, La Paz, Feb., 1919,
499
La Paz, Mar. 6, 1919, 496
nos. 23, 98, 205, 260, 261, 732, 1462,
3072, 3073, 4305, 4306, 496
no. 117, 433
nos. 125, 355, 811, 378, 454
nos. 150, 377, 812, 3066, 3067, 4301,
4302, 4305, 8562, 8563, 499
nos. 287, 1574, 4409, 5628, 56286ts,
416
nos. 708, 814, 4303a, 43036, 4304,
8226, 8474, 8475, 8476, 8548, 8549,
8550, 8551, 8553, 8621, 502
nos. 813, 8477, 8561, 8564, 501
no. 815, 411
no. 1575, 181
nos. 4167, 4182, 462
no. 5629, 422
nos. 8622, 8624, 8625, 8627, 503
no. 8660, 500
no. 9105, 504
Buchwald, J., no. 263, 576
Burchell, William John, nos. 6901, 6902,
480
no. 8805, 475
no. 8848, 407
Burdet, Emile, no. 300, 433
Burgess, Allen Brazilia, no. 305, 238
no. 319, 303
no. 320, 222
nos. 575, 639, 433
Burgess, Edward Sanford, Distr. of
Columbia, Sept., 1888, 316
Burk, Isaac, Gray's Ferry, Oct., 1866,
243
Laurel Hill, Oct., 1866, 243
Burmann, no. 180, 391
Burnham, Stewart Henry, Osawatomie,
Sept. 1, 1893, 219
Burtt, B. D., no. 4696, 604
Bush, Benjamin Franklin, Courtney,
Sept. 27, 1893, 219, 303
nos. 31, 49, 164, 216, 802, 804, 1798,
1816, 1817, 251
nos. 34, 165, 807, 1887, 303
nos. 36, 806, 258
nos. 67, 3659, 8249, 213
nos. 167 p.p., 346, 809, 238
no. 170, 220
nos. 170A, 170B, 319, 910, 7767, 219
no. 808, 247
nos. 1891, 6164, 6165, 252
no. 5175 p.p., 213, 220
nos. 7741, 9305, 215
Bush, William, no. 25, 106
no. 27, 102
nos. 32, 33, 4196, 136
nos. 4163, 4164, 111
no. 7461, 109
Bush, William, & Kwan Kee Park, no.
4079, 136
Bush, Wm., K. K. Park, & Y. Nitta,
nos. 4159, 4159a, 136
Bush, Wm., & D. LeRoy Topping, no.
26, 116
nos. 3684, 3744, 3745, 143
no. 3765, 99
no. 3779, 106
no. 3780, 106, 109
Bushell, Stephen Woollen, near Peking,
368
Busse, Walter, nos. 939, 2480, 422
no. 2257, 632
no. 2523, 633
Buttner, D. R., no. 29, 422
Biittner, Richard, no. 106, 391
Cabrera, Angel L., no. 168, 31 6
no. 873, 465
Calcutta, Bot. Card, of (Hort. Calcutt.),
ex, Wallich Cat. no. 3189 Comp.
299a, 393
Calderon, Salvador, no. 169, 181
Caley, St. Vincent, Jan. 7, 1823, 170
Collier, Alphons, near Reichenbach,
Sept. 8, 1887, 291
no. 47, 291
Calvert, Agnes, Valdivia and Valparaiso,
451
Calvert, Dr. & Mrs. Philip Powell,
Cartago, Nov. 30, 1909, 433
Volcan Irazu, Apr. 2, 1910, 534
Cameron, K. J., no. 38, 543
Canby, William Marriott, Salisbury,
August, 234
near Wilmington, 204
Wilmington, 243, 368
Salisbury, Sept., 1865, 234
Delaware River shores, Wilmington,
Oct., 1865, 204
mead ows, Brandywine, Aug., 1867,2^3
near Newport, Sept. 9, 1879, 219
reclaimed marsh land, Wilmington,
Sept. 25, 1899, 219
marsh, Sept. 5, 1900, 215
Cherry Isl. Marsh, Sept. 5, 1900, 219
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
655
Cantabriginensis, Hortus, cult, e sem. ex
Hort. Petrop. missis, Julio 8, 1895
et Aug. 7, 1895, 628
Cardenas, Martin, no. "68 special," 500
Cardoso, J., no. 95, 391
no. 103, 401
no. 244, ^23
Carles, William Richard, no. 219, 401
Carleton, Mark Alfred, Johnson Co.,
Aug. 25, 1892, 219
St. George, Sept. 8, 1892, 219
Carlstrom, P., & E. Carlstrom, vicin.
Stora-Schedwic, Aug. 28, 1862, 272
Carpenter, William Marbury, Feliciana,
July, 23^
Carter, Joel Jackson, Safe Harbor, Sept.
14, 1906, 215
Norfolk, Sept. 6, 1907, 215
Carter, W. R., Quamichan, Aug. 22,
1917 297
Castella, Fr., Lentigny, 303
Ramont, Sept. 5, 1905, 272
Cavalerie, J., no. 3697, 423
Cavanilles, Antonio Jose, ex herb., 445
Cecil, no. 193, 555
Cecil, Mrs. Evelyn, no. 21, 423
Cederwald, G. (von), Holm, 1866, 272
Celakovsky, Beraun River, Sept., 1872,
291
no. 3067, 291
Cesats (Cisati, Cesati), Vincenzo von,
Villa-franca, Oct., 1859, 286
Cesats & Camel, no. 156, 286
Chalmers, R., wet places, Campbellton,
July, 1877, £38
swamps and ditches, Campbellton,
Aug. 17, 1884, 238
Chamberlain, Edward Blanchard, no.
437, 238
no. 443, 258
Chamberlain, E. B., & L. O. Eaton,
East Livermore, Aug. 27, 1904, 303
Chamberlain, Leander Trowbridge, Dan-
vers, Aug., 316
Chandonnet, Z. L., Luce, Aug. 25, 1911,
262
Luce, Aug. 23, 1912, 262
Chanel, C., no. 99, 391
Chaney, Ralph Works, no. 184, 257
no. 249, 303
Chang, Tang Chung, & others, no. 2859,
423
Chapman, Alvan Wentworth, Florida,
229, 231
Florida, 1845, 229, 231
Charreli, no. 692, 283
Chase, (Mary) Agnes Merrill, nos. 639,
1699, 222
no. 2665, 31 6
no. 2733, 303
Chase, Virginius Heber, no. 123, 252
Cheeseman, Thomas F., no. 30, 423
Cheesman, R. E., Dancila, May 9, 1926,
616
Chelsea Garden (Hort. Chelseae), ex, 341
no. 3417, 344
Chen, Y., no. 701, 384
Cheo & Wilson, no. 241, 391
Chevalier, Auguste, no. 2816, 374, 406
no. 9787, 391
no. 20554, 548
Ching, R. C., no. 4672, 279
Chiovenda, Emilio, no. 1120, 401, 404
nos. 1234, 1834, 402
no. 15396is, 402, 404
nos. 1699, 1992, 618
no. 2051, 628
Claessens, J., between Shangugu and
Usambara, 1925, 579
anno 1929, 579
nos. 1448, 1511, 584
Claren, Fritz, no. 11443, 496
Clarke, Charles Baron, no. 11207, 511,
519
no. 21969B, 401
no. 22115A, 368
nos. 22374B, 24823J5, 391
nos. 23674, 41686A, 41825A, 281
Clarke, Daniel, Flint, 1866, 252
no. 29, 303
Clark, June A., no. 298, 303
Claussen, P., Minas Geraes, 195
Minas Geraes, Jan.-Apr., 1840, 202
nos. 8, 105, 195
Clayton, John, Virginia, 1734, 234
no. 195, 315
Clemens, J., & M. S. Clemens, no. 4177,
423
Clements, Fred (Frederic) Edward, no.
2868, 222
no. 2894, 238
no. 2920, 303
Clements, F. E., & Edith Schwartz
Clements, no. 64, 362
no. 65, 377
Cliff ori, Garden of (Hort. Cli/ort.), 369
Clinton, George William, Cayuga
Marshes, 1864, 316
Clokey, Ira Waddell, 1854, 521
anno 1860, 491
nos. 3948, 4368, 377
Clute, Willard Nelson, no. 33, 433
Cochburn, Caracas, 181
Cole, no. 48, 391
Colenso, William, New Zealand, comm.
1897, 423, 429
Collett, Henry, Kulu Valley, Oct. 17, 281
no. 816, 372, 399
Collin, Otto, near Tavastburg, Aug.,
1885, 291
near Tavastburg, Aug. 10, 1897, and
Aug. 11, 1897, 291
Tavastehus, Aug. 22, 1898, 291
north of Tavastehus, Aug., 1903, 291
656 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Collins & M. L. Fernald, no. 11460, 23 4
Collins, Frank Shipley, nos. 8, 303, 416
nos. 21, 44, 301, 302, 433
nos. 511, 540, 258
no. 956, 256
no. 3253, 21*3
Collins, James Franklin, M. L. Fernald,
& Harlan Harvey York, no. 11462,
256
Collins, J. F., M. L. Fernald, & A. S.
Pease, mouth of Bonaventure
River, Aug. 4, 1904, 329
between Bald6 and Baie des Chaleurs,
Aug. 5-8, 1904, 328
Perce, Aug. 16-20, 1904, 272
mouth of St. John River, Aug. 23,
1904, 329
near mouth of Dartmouth River,
Aug. 26-27, 1904, 329
mouth of Dartmouth River, Aug. 26
and 27, 1904, 329
no. 5871, 328, 329
no. 6175, 272
Combs, Robert, no. 152, 470
no. 432, 433
Commons, Albert, tidal banks of Dela-
ware River, Oct. 3, 1866, 204
near Wilmington, Oct. 8, 1875, 243
Cherry Isl. Marsh, Sept. 8, 1898, 219
Cherry Isl. Marsh, 1899, 219
tidal banks of Delaware River, Aug.
31, 1899, 204
Cherry Isl. Marsh, Aug. 31, 1899, 222
Cherry Isl. Marsh, Sept., 1899, 213
Cherry Isl. Marsh, Sept. 8-16, 1899,
219
Cherry Isl. Marsh, Sept. 16, 1899, 219
Wilmington, Sept. 16, 1899, 822
Congdon, Joseph Whipple, South Kings-
ton, Sept. 7, 1878, 222, 316
Conillard, F. L., Richfield, June, 1889,
262
Conrads, P., no. 34, 588
Conrath, Paul, no. 395, 423
Conzatti, Cassiano, nos. 122, 1581, 2269,
181
no. 124, 316
no. 2090, 534
no. 2261, 363
Conzatti, Cassiano, & V. Gonzalez,
no. 996, 442
no. 1000, 416
nos. 1008, 1009, 536
no. 1133, 181
Cook, Alice Carter, no. 25, 423
no. 694, 433
Cook, Orator Fuller, & G. B. Gilbert,
no. 409, 512
no. 512, 451
no. 703, 507
Cooper, Alabama, 229
Cooper, G. Proctor, no. 11, 181
Cooper, Juan J., no. 5814 p.p., 181,
456, 458
Cooper, T., no. 1152, 423
no. 2520, 433
Corbiere, Louis, Cherbourg, Sept. 26,
1886, 303
Corbisier, A., no. 172, 543
no. 605, 574
Cornelio, Padre, no. 24, 476
no. 59, 181
Cosson, Ernest Saint-Charles, Prov.
Constantine, July 17, 1861, 272
Coulter, Thomas, no. 375 p.p., 489,
490
no. 378, 492
no. 380, 445
no. 381, 512
no. 392, 521
Couthouy, Andes, 1855, 512
Quito, 1855, 433
Coville, Frederick Vernon, Ithaca, Sept.
27, 1884, 234
no. 1341, 303
Cowdry, N. H., nos. 894, 896, 401
no. 895, 384
no. 1015, 272
Cowen, Jacob H., no. 2726, 377
Cowles, Henry Chandler, communic.,
Jackson Park, 310
Crandall, Charles S., no. 2724, 362
no. 2725, 377
Crosier, Mrs. 0., no. 211, 547
Crawford, Joseph, Tullytown, Sept. 12,
1894, 234
nos. 630, 636, 170
Cruckshank, Chile, 316, 451
Culbertson, no. 4651, 238
Cuming, Ernie, Oaxaca, 1859, 512
no. 53, 512
Cuming, Hugh, nos. 593, 594, 596,
391
no. 646, 451
no. 1041, 359
no. 1375, 637
Curran, Hugh McCollum, no. 5019, 423
Curtis, Anita Grosvenor, no. 696, 555
Curtiss, Allen Hiram, Bedford Co.,
Sept., 1867, 368
Eden, 1875, 229
Walton Co., 1885, 229
Nueva Verona, Jan., 1904, 470
nos. 658, 1498, 5387, 433
no. 1472, 229, 231
nos. 1499, 4490, 5221, 6013, 368
no. 1768o, 247
no. 4486, 229, 231
no. 5322, 229
Cushman, Joseph Augustine, no. 1717,
238
Cusick, William Conkling, nos. 1408,
1453, 1768, 303
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
657
Da Cunha, A. Ricardo, no. 1260, 238
Dahlgren, Bror Eric, & Emll Amedee
Sella, no. 479, 1*73
no. 726, 478
Dalhousie, Lady, Simla, Sept. 2, 391
Simla, Sept. 3, 1831, 368
D Aoust, Virl., see Aoust
Darlington, William, West Chester, 258
Da Rocha, D., no. 3, 475
Da Silva, Gomes, no. 198, 395
David, R. P., nos. 15, 21, 391
Davis, Peru, 512
Davis, Charles Albert, Alma, Sept. 29,
1893, 252
nos. 4872, 6039, 252
no. 5158, 222
Davis, John, Fall Creek, Sept. 16, 1914,
215
no. 8, 368
nos. 24, 55, 245, 1348, 3293, 3431,
3433, 3741, 3806, 3814, 6218, 215
no. 1319 p.p., 213, 215
nos. 3446, 3911, 6346, 213
nos. 5203, 9058, 258
no. 6119 p.p., 213, 217
no. 6160 p.p., 213, 215
no. 6264 p.p., 213, 215
no. 6276 p.p., 213, 215
no. 6345 p.p., 215, 217
Davy, Joseph Burtt, no. 2918, 316
Dawe, Morley Thomas, no. 243, 541
no. 302, 509
no. 393, 543
no. 415, 597
no. 582, 579
no. 914, 613
Dawson, C., no. 382, 368
Day, H. E., no. 402, 303
Day, Mary Anna, & M. L. Fernald,
no. 48, 222
no. 49, 234
Deam, Charles demon, Cholula, Jan. 1,
1899, 445
Wells Co., Sept. 21, 1902, 252
swamp near Lake Gage, Aug. 12,
1903, 222
Steuben Co., Sept. 11, 1904, 234
no. 20, 533
no. 109, 181
no. 241, 416
no. 242, 476
no. 630, 234
no. 5369, 258
nos. 5376, 19034, 22018, 29813,
30229, 42209, 222
nos. 10157, 32932, 34865, 37935, 213
nos. 12160, 38126, 217
nos. 12482, 26524, 29826, 37928, 215
no. 33031 p.p., 213, 215
no. 35010, 220
Deane, Walter, & Edward Lothrop Rand,
Swansea, Sept. 25, 1909, 316
Debeaux, Jean Odon, Fort de France,
Mar. 29, 1897, 470
no. 91, 384
De Carvalho, O., no. 5, .475
De Cesaree, Girard, Vilayet of Sivas,
Sept. 7, 1893, 303
De Cesati, see Cesats
Deflers, nos. 231, 428, 401
Degener, Otto, near Pauoa Flats, Apr.
18, 1926, 106
Keaau Valley, Feb. 7, 1932, 129
head of Makua Valley, Apr. 4, 1932,
135
nos. 2095, 2672, 2673, 2677a, 121
no. 2096, 99
no. 2099, 143
nos. 2264, 2265, 102
no. 2515, 135
nos. 2674, 2675, 106
nos. 2676, 26776, 130
no. 2868, 162
no. 3531, 143
no. 3535, 153
nos. 3777, 3778, 3780, 3781, 470
no. 4190, 133
no. 10035, 99
Degener, Otto, Ross S. Bean, D. LeRoy
Topping, & Anthony Apo, no.
2514, 116
Degener, Otto, & William Bush, no.
3532, 143
Degener, Otto, William Bush, & Kwan
Kee Park, no. 4099, 143
Degener, Otto, & Herbert Kai, no. 3779,
470
Degener, Otto, & Yasuma Iwasaki, nos.
3813, 3814, 104
no. 3819, 118
Degener, Otto, & Kazuto Nitta, nos. 3410,
3411, 3412, 121
nos. 341 la, 3412a, 124
Degener, Otto, & Kwan Kee Park, no.
4078, 153
no. 4082, 106
nos. 4085, 4087, 4088, 4089, 121
nos. 4086, 4090, 124
no. 4094, 133
no. 4095, 129
no. 10066, 99
Degener, Otto, K. K. Park, & Wm. Bush,
nos. 4096, 4098, 4105, 129
nos. 4097, 4101, 133
nos. 4100, 4102, 4103, 4104, 134
Degener, Otto, K. K. Park, Wm. Bush,
Nitta, & Westgate, no. 4114, 116
Degener, Otto, K. K. Park, Wm. Bush, &
Colin Potter, nos. 10047, 10299, 133
no. 10046 p.p., 133, 153
Degener, Park, Bush, Potter, & Topping,
no. 10069, 109
no. 10070, 100
nos. 10071, 10072, 10073, 107
658 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Degener, K. K. Park, & Wallace Hirai,
no. 4040, 102
nos. 4041, 4045, 103
no. 4043, 107
no. 4044, 109
Degener, Park, Iwasaki, & Tony Agliam,
no. 4400, 136
Degener, Park, Iwasaki, & Bush, no.
4243, 136
Degener, Park, Iwasaki, & Toshio
Yamamoto, no. 4259, 116
Degener, K. K. Park, & F. Kruse,
no. 4080, 110
Degener, K. K. Park, & Manuel Kwon,
no. 4092, 125
no. 4108, 129
Degener, K. K. Park, & Y. Nitta, nos.
4115, 4135, 4136, 4252, 4253, 153
no. 4134, 100
no. 4160, 103
no. 4161, 121
no. 4162, 119
Degener, K. K. Park, Yoshimasa Nitta,
& Wm. Bush, nos. 4129, 4130, 4131,
153
no. 4133, 99
Degener, Park, Nitta, & Weslgate, no.
4117, 129
Degener, Park, Shigeura, & Topping,
no. 10119, 136
Degener, Park, & Masaji Takamoto,
no. 10115, 136
no. 10332, 100
Degener, Park, Takamoto, & Shigeura,
no. 10117, 136
Degener, Park, & T. Yamamoto, nos.
3237, 4236, 100
nos. 4240, 4241, 136
Degener, Hamilton Rodrigues, & Noel
Krauss, no. 3529, 130
no. 3530, 122
Degener & Takamoto, no. 10293, 133
Degener, Takamoto, & Martinez, no.
10536, 122
no. 10537, 133
no. 10540, 107
Degener & D. LeRoy Topping, no. 4119,
153
nos. 4120, 4121, 143
no. 10539, 15k
Degener, Topping, & Shigeura, no.
10067, 122
Degener & Henry Wiebke, nos. 2097,
2166, 156
no. 2128, 104
nos. 2162, 2179, 97
nos. 2163, 2169, 2177 p.p., 139
nos. 2164, 2178, 127
no. 2165, 119
no. 2167, 111
no. 2168, 165
no. 21796, 98
nos. 2261, 2678, 2679, 2680, 158
no. 2321, 15k
nos. 2601, 2671, 122
nos. 2869, 3004, 162
no. 2894 p.p., 151, 152
no. 3000, 138
no. 3005, 128
nos. 3006, 3007, 3008, 151
Degener, Wiebke, & Guberlet, no. 2294,
15k
Dehesa, M. P., no. 1532, 524.
De Hilgel, see Hiigel
De Jehki, Const., nos. 657, 735, 454
nos. 628, 749, 750, 751, 197
no. 653, 513
Dekindt, no. 861, 586
De Labillardiere, see Labillardiere
De La Cruz, J. S., nos. 1792, 2284, 440
nos. 1839, 3808, 470
De La Sagra, Ramon, about Havana,
1825, 472
no. 22, 436
Delavay, Abbe, no. 603, 391
De I'Isle, G., river near Le Barnica, 393
Demaree, Delzie, no. 13675, 219
nos. 13756, 13793, 234
nos. 13895, 13960, 235
De Saint Hilaire, Auguste, Minas Geraes,
1816-1821, 196
nos. 1190, 1199, 196
nos. 1191, 1193, 1194, 482
no. 1192, 481
no. 1196, 484
no. 1198, 183
no. 1199, 475
no. 1200, 202
De Sardagna, Valle del Sale, Sept. 4,
1878, 275
De Schack, Baron, Trinidad, 443
Deschamps, Ceylon, 1891, 423
De Szyszylowicz, Ign., distrib. of, see
De Jelski
De Vore & Hoover, no. 260, 423
Dewart, Frederick Wesley, no. 40, 213
Dewey, Lyster Hoxie, no. 523, 368
De Witte, no. 1895, 579
no. 2118, 401
Dickins, Frederick Victor, no. 652, 401
Didrichsen, Didrick Ferdinand, nos.
3515, 3520, 3547, 3625, 416
Dieterlen, Mr. & Mrs., no. 866, 391
Dieterlen, Mrs. A., no. 2719, 416
Dietrich, Amalie, near Brisbane River,
1863-1865, 416
Dillenius, Johann Jakob, herbarium of,
no. 43.51.51, 397
Dimonie, Macedonian region, July,
1908, 272
near Ohrida, July, 1908, 303
Dinelli, E., Distr. Monteros, May, 1906,
512
Dinklage, Max J., no. 2117, 423
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
659
Dinter, Kurt, no. 11-18, 391
Dixon, Royal Absalom, no. 365, 238
Dodge, Charles Keene, near Port Huron,
Aug. 31, 1894, 222
near Port Huron, Aug. 28, 1895, 235
no. 81, 222
no. 143, 247
no. 3439, 534
Doggett, W. G., Mt. Ruwenzori, comm.
1901, 579
Donnelly, Miss L. L., Cananea, Sept. 1,
1909, 382
Donnot, Abbe, Percey-le-Petit, Sept.,
1923 258
D'Orbigny, Alcide, no. 1234, 453, 454
Douglas, David, California, 1833, 416
no. 56, 416
Dowson, W. J., no. 189, 433
no. 194, 402
no. 630, 568
Drake, D., & J. H. Dickson, Portland,
Sept., 1886, 247
Drege, Jean Francois, no. 5084, 423
Dreisbach, Robert Rickert, no. 2-217, 258
no. 167, 252
nos. 1117, 1139, 1878, 222
no. 1926, 223
Dresden, Bot. Card, of (Hort. Dresd.),
ex, July 18, 1878, 334
Drummond, James Ramsay, nos. 25726,
25727, 391
Drummond, Thomas, Louisiana, 1832,
229
New Orleans, 1832, 229, 231
Jacksonville and Covington, 1832-
1833, 229
St. Louis, 1832, 216, 247, 252, 368
Louisiana, 1833, 229, 231
St. Louis, 1833, 219
no. 166, 216
no. 192, 368
nos. 203, 268 p.p., 553, 235
no. 238, 247
no. 315, 252
no. 540, 254
Duchassaing (de Fontbressin), Placide,
Panama, 1851, 476
Dudgeon, Winfield, & Leslie Aha
Kenoyer, no. 426
Duftschmid, near Waldhausen, Aug. 20,
1856, 303
Duges, Alfredo, near Guanajuato, 1891,
442
no. 9, 331
no. 471, 446, 450
Duhmberg, O., nos. 278, 419, 272
Diimmer, R., nos. 313, 492, 493, 597
no. 492, 602, 603
no. 2641 p.p., 562, 584
no. 2641a, 584
Durham, Tanganyika Central Railway,
588
Dusen, Karl Fredrik, near Ydre, Aug.,
1870, 291
Dusen, Per, Tlapcrussu, Feb. 29, 1912,
465
nos. 4123, 9817, 16866, 195
no. 9432, 465
Duss, Pere Antoine, 1445, 170
nos. 19, 468, 1444, 2504, 470
Duthie, John Firminger, no. 3054, 402
Button, Miss, Boston, 1827, 316
Dutton, D. Lewis, Brandon, Sept. 5,
1921, 303
Eames, Edwin Hubert, no. 1, 316
no. 159, 252
Eames, Randolph, & Wiegand, nos.
13200, 13201, 256
Eastwood, Alice, no. 28, 377
no. 47, 238
no. 48, 303
Eaton, Alvah Augustus, Moseley's, 209
Newburyport, Sept., 1902, 207, 209
below Newburyport, Sept. 26, 1903,
207
North Easton, Sept. 11, 1903, 223
no. 159, 316
Eaton, A. A., & M. L. Fernald, New-
buryport, Oct. 2, 1902, 207, 209,
322
Salisbury, Oct. 2, 1902, 207, 256
Eaton, A. A., & Benjamin Lincoln
Robinson, shores, Newburyport,
Sept., 1903, 208, 209
Eaton, Daniel Cady, marshes, Hacken-
sack 223
Eberhart,' nos. 2568, 33386is, 391
Echegaray, S., Leoncito, Jan., 1876, 512
Edgeworth, M. Pakenham, Himalaya
region, 1844, 281
northwestern India, 1844, 391
Edmonson, T. W., Haley's Station,
Aug. 25, 1902, 258
Edwards, Hy., Sacramento, Nov. 3,
1876, 247
Eggers, Heinrich Franz Alexander, St.
Croix, 1874, 472
St. Thomas, Feb. 8, 1877, 472
St. Thomas, July, 1881, 472
nos. 45, 204, 208, 454, 4601, 5499,
472
nos. 208, 6251, 7218, 423
nos. 3379, 3982, 433
nos. 3437, 6612, 170
no. 6612, 181
no. 15725, 191
Eggert, Heinrich (Karl Daniel), near
East St. Louis, Sept. 6, 1874, 235
Indian Lake, Oct., 1876, 252
St. Louis, Sept. 6, 1877, 214
Haverhill, Sept. 19, 1893, 214
vicinity of Baresville, Sept. 16, 1896,
214
660 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Eggert, Henry, see Heinrich Eggert
Eggkston, Willard Webster, nos. 5211,
5390, 21 7
no. 5290, 252
nos. 10728, 10873, 15012, 577
no. 12071, 219
no. 17416, 362
Ehrenberg, Carl (Karl) August, Haiti,
M*
no. 7, 1*70
nos. 38, 1496, 316
no. 55, 181
no. 353, 31*1
no. 356, 489
no. 386, 490
no. 436, 492
no. 437 p.p., 512, 521
no. 438, 528
no. 439, 521
no. 440 p.p., ASS, 442
no. 441, U6
no. 442 p.p., 442, 446
no. 471, 433
Ehrenreich, Ceylon, May 18, 1893, 423
Eick, no. 56, 576
no. 265, 557
Eifrick, G. A., Cumberland, Aug., 368
Ekman, Erik L., nos. 3398, 10022, 408
Ellenbeck, no. 1370, 506
nos. 1566, 1592, 1614, 1622, 616
Elliot, George Francis Scott, no. 6462,
609
no. 6484, 569
no. 6846, 582
no. 6909, 562
no. 7410, 602
no. 7520, 584
no. 7724, 57S
no. 8018, 579
Elliott, William Robert, no. 117, 470
Ellis, Charlotte C., nos. 261, 280, 377
Elmer, Adolph Daniel Edward, no. 611,
238
no. 3798, 1>16
no. 4209, 316
no. 5769, 423
Elmquist, Fredrik Carl, no. 3981, 303
Elskens, O., nos. 20, 257, 545
Elthamensis, Hortus, no. 43.51.51, £17
Emrick, George Monroe, no. 145, 456
Endlich, Rudolph, nos. 77a, 557, 391
no. 117, 611
no. 142, 569
no. 384, 555
nos. 400, 400a, 607
Endres, nos. 1, 45, 181
Engelmann, George, vicinity of St. Louis,
Sept., 1846, 214, 216
St. Louis, Sept., 1846, 235
prairies and along fences, Aug., 1847,
216
St. Louis, 1847, 214
St. Louis, May, 1848, 362
St. Louis, 1858, 235
St. Louis, Sept., 1866, 252
no. 566, 252
Engler, (Heinrich Gustav) Adolph, above
Mori, July, 1870, 368
vicinity of Reichenbach, Oct. 2, 1870,
291
no. 872a, 567
no. 2506, 416
Erichsen, Frido, Hamburg, Sept. 18,
1902, 264
Ervendberg, L. C., no. 67, 181
Eugene, P., Drome, June, 1871, 368
Evers, no. 477, 304
Evrard, F., Tsien, 1891, 392
no. 154, 368, 392
no. 225, 392
Eyles, Fred, cult, from achenes coll. by
R. W. Jack, 374, 375
no. 266, 581
no. 307, 543
no. 1302, 555
Faber, Ernest, Tung-kun, 423
Hai City, 1891, 272
Facchini, D., no. 2040, 368
Farber, E., vicinity of Chi-fu, 1889, 384
Farges, Abbe, no. 81, 384
Fassett, Norman Carter, Cherry Isl.
Marsh, Sept. 16, 1899, 243
nos. 74, 75, 910, 911, 2117, 2119,
2121, 326
no. 139, 322
nos. 292, 787, 794, 880, 884, 895,
2102, 2103, 2104, 2106, 2107, 2108,
2109, 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114, 2115,
2126, 2129, 2131, 323
no. 408, 243
nos. 848, 2111,325
nos. 852, 920, 2101, 2120, 2122, 209
nos. 2116, 2123, 2125, 2127, 2128, 210
nos. 2130, 2300, 2362, 2363, 2364, 211
nos. 2301, 2302, 2365, 2368, 212
no. 2369 p.p., 267, 268
no. 2370, 268
nos. 2876, 2878, 235
nos. 2883, 2884, 2888, 2976, 12820, 264
nos. 4257, 4258, 9016, 9021, 261
no. 4259, 257
Faucett, William, no. 822 la, 199
Fauch, ex herb, of, no. 50, 334
Faurie, Abbe Urbain, nos. 162, 417,
1171, 272
nos. 2106is, 416, 418, 845, 847, 1053,
1917, 392
nos. 419, 420, 1052, 1916, 384
no. 734, 291
nos. 768, 1053, 368
nos. 931, 965, 156
no. 933, 165
no. 960, 99
no. 961, 125
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
no. 967, 416
no. 993, 132
no. 994, 162
no. 995, 112
no. 996, 107
no. 997, H7
nos. 998, 999, 151
no. 3138, 304
nos. 3372, 4083, 4854, 4855, 273
Faurie, Abbe Urbain, & J. B. Verlot,
no. 4916, 273
Favrat, Louis, Marecages, Sept. 3, 1873,
304
Faxon, Charles Edward, Jamaica Plain,
256
South Boston, Aug., 1878, 217
Faxon, Edtvin, near Boston, Oct., 1883,
204
Fendler, August, nos. 41, 696, 6966, 181
nos. 398, 444, 219
no. 439, 316
no. 449, 376
no. 460, 470
no. 695 p.p., 416, 423, 433
Fenix, Eugenio, Baguio, Dec. 5, 1910,
423
Ferguson, William Cashman, Plattsdale,
Sept. 20, 1919, 262
Fernald, Merrill Lyndon, Orono, Sept.
19 1889 252
Somesville,' Sept. 21, 1892, 304
North Berwick, Aug. 25, 1897, 217
Dexter lime quarries, Oct. 6, 1906, 252
Vanceboro, Sept. 1, 1908, 258
nos. 2248, 2249, 323
no. 2895, 258
no. 17613, 223
Fernald, M. L., Bissell, Graves, el al.,
no. 22874, 238
Fernald, M. L., & Collins, Nouvelle,
July 19-20, 1904, 238
Fernald, M. L., J. F. Collins, & Harlan
Harvey York, no. 11461, 238
Fernald, M. L., Francis Welles Hunne-
well, & Bayard Long, no. 10676, 247
no. 10689, 316
no. 10690, 223
Fernald, M. L., & D. H. Under, no.
22868, 259
no. 22871, 259, 260
Fernald, M. L., & Bayard Long, nos.
295, 14825, 14827, 14828, 14927, 326
nos. 296, 14826, 14829, 323
nos. 10673, 17597, 235
nos. 10681, 10687, 14844, 17604,
24695, 256
nos. 10682, 10686, 14845, 22866,
22867, 259
no. 10683, 261
nos. 14822, 14823, 14824, 211
nos. 14830, 14831, 14832, 14833,
14834, 324
nos. 14841, 22876, 238
no. 14842, 247
nos. 17602, 17606, 17607, 262
no. 17612, 223
nos. 22866, 22867, 260
no. 24697, 239
nos. 24698, 24699, 243
Fernald, M. L., Bayard Long, & D. H.
Linder, nos. 22869, 22870, 259, 260
Fernald, M. L., Bayard Long, & A. H.
Norton, no. 14843, 262
Fernald, M. L., Bayard Long, & Harold
St. John, nos. 8199, 8202, 245
nos. 8200, 8201, 239
nos. 8203, 8204, 267
nos. 8205, 8206, 8207, 266
nos. 8208, 8209, 313
nos. 8210, 8211, 8212, 8213, 8214, 304
no. 8317, 266
Fernald, M. L., Bayard Long, & George
Safford Torrey, no. 10674, 235
no. 10675, 239
nos. 10679, 10680, 256
nos. 10684, 10685, 259
no. 10688, 264
Fernald, M. L., & Arthur Stanley Pease,
no. 25321, 327
Fernald, M. L., & Earl Edward Sherff,
near Winter Pond, July 27, 1913,
256
Fernald, M. L., & Harold St. John, no.
11210, 267
no. 11211, 313
Fernald, M. L., & Henry Knute Svenson,
no. 1100, 324
Fernald, M. L., & Charles Alfred
Weatherby, Winter Pond, Sept. 22,
1908, 256
no. 298, 256
no. 17608, 261
no. 17609, 262
Fernald, M. L., & Karl McKay Wie-
gand, no. 4150, 239
no. 4151, 247
no. 6375, 245
no. 6376, 246
nos. 14492, 14494, 243
Ferrari, Enrico, & Ferdinando Vignolo-
Lutati, Prov. Cuneo, Aug. 31, 1912,
286
Ferrie, John Rd., no. 95, 433
Fiebrig, Karl, no. 74, 480
no. 571, 487
no. 679, 480, 481
no. 2049, 451
nos. 3004, 30326, 500
no. 3004a p.p., 503, 504
no. 3147, 3459, 504
no. 3460, 503
no. 3461 p.p., 503, 504
no. 3474, 512
662 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Findley, William, Collingdale, Oct. 3,
1911, 252
Fiori, near Modeno, Sept. 9, 1885, 273
Fiori, A., no. 1830, 628
Fiori, Andrea, no. 382, 368
Fiori, Adriano, no. 1377, 239
nos. 1828, 1929, 628
nos. 1832, 1833, 402, 404
no. 1834, 402
no. 1835, 555
Fiori, Adriano, & A. Beguinot, no.
1376, 286
Fischer, no. 4, 392
no. 354, 55|
no. 367, 602, 603
Fischer, G., & Kurt E. Harz, no. 826, 291
Fisher, George Lewis, St. Thomas, Sept.
3, 1904, 2U7
St. Thomas, Sept. 13, 1908, 304
St. Thomas, Sept. 20, 1908, 239
no. 11, 247
Fitzpatrick, Thomas Jefferson, & M. F.
L. Fitzpatrick, Decatur Co., Sept.
16, 1899, 219
Flynn, Mrs. Nellie F., no. 79, 433
Forbes, Charles Noyes, Lanihuli Trail,
Oct. 14, 1908, 107
Palolo Valley Ridge, Dec. 17, 1908,
107
Makaha Valley, Feb. 12-19, 1909, 148
ridge east of Wainu, Aug., 1910, 151
sea cliffs, Halawa Valley, Aug., 1912,
97
nos. 14H, 326Mo, 146
no. 27 K, 141
no. 82K, 132
nos. 116Mo, 162H, 241#, 590Mo, 151
no. 148L, 96
nos. 195H, 346#, 138
nos. 200H, 10620, 1*16
nos. 218K, 785K, 1085X, 1698K, 165
nos. 268M, 524Mo, 156
no. 468M, 126, 127
nos. 494K, 592K, 18490, 2014O, 112
nos. 523Afo, 570Mo, 162
no. 534Mo, 316
no. 704.K, 111
no. 811K, 125
no. 877H, 152
no. 1085X, 101
no. 1184O, 100
(with Henry Augustus Pilsbry &
C. Montague Cooke) no. 18390,
143
nos. 1862O, 24740, 2477O, 103
no. 19820, 97
no. 2023O, 153
no. 2092O, 133
no. 2221O, 107
no. 2313O, 107, 109
no. 2435O, 102
no. 25530, 107
Forbes, C. N., & C. Montague Cooke,
Koolauloa Mts., May 3-8, 1909,
107
Forbes, C.N., & C. Montague Cooke, Jr.,
no. 24M, 117
Forbes, Fayette Frederick, Brookline,
Aug. 25, 1907, 247
Brookline Water Works Land, Sept.
21, 1911, 312
Forster, Johann Georg Adam, probably
Tahiti, 86
Tongatabu, 392
Forwood, William Henry, no. 224, 252
Fosberg, Francis Raymond, nos. 9103,
10374, 136
nos. 9288, 9298, 10736, 122
nos. 9482, 9515, 148
no. 9488, 149
nos. 9525, 10726, 107
nos. 9666, 9916, 156
no. 9671, 162
no. 10743, 122
no. 10884, 15k
Fosberg, F.R.,& Roy Clark, no. 11276, 90
Fosberg, F. R., & K. Duker, nos. 8680,
8803, 107
no. 9044, 133
Fosberg, F. R., & Harold St. John,
no. 9343, 100
Fowler, James, Kingston, Sept. 12, 1899,
304
Kingston Mills, Sept. 12, 1899, 239
Fox, no. 149, 316
Eraser, Ecuador, 512
Ecuador, 1860, 423
South Carolina, 31 6
Fredholm, Adolph (John August), no.
5991, 368
no. 6277, ±33
Freedky, Pennsylvania, 223
French, George Hazen, Jackson Co.,
Sept. 4, 1878, 21 7
Fretz, Clayton Detweiler, Bristol, Sept.
14, 1886, 235
May's Landing, Sept. 12, 1912, 223
Friedrichsthal, Emanuel, nos. 38, 110,
313, ±71
no. 1086, 30J,.
no. 1088 (1688?), 283
Fries, O. R., Upsala, 1858-1864, 273
Fries, Robert Elias, Santa Barbara,
July, 1901, ±66
no. 987, 496
no. 1084, 462
no. 1456, 462
Fries, R. E., & Thore Chr. E. Fries,
no. 571, 562
Fritchey, John Quincy Adams, St. Louis,
215
St. Louis Co., Sept. 21, 1858, 217
St. Louis Co., Oct. 3, 1859, 217
Bridgeton, Oct. 3, 1859, 216
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
663
Fritzsche, Bertha, no. 93, 1*02
Eroding, Herman A., Vermland, Aug.
22, 1904, 273
Sunne, Sept. 17, 1910, 294
Ulfsby, Aug. 24, 1911, 291
Ulfsby, Sept. 8, 1913, 291
Ulfsby, Sept. 8, 1914, 291
Frohock, R., Maiden, Aug., 1880, 304
Frombling, Chile, 1886, 451
Fromm, Captain, expedition of, no. 35,
576
Fuertes, Miguel, no. 322, 1*71
nos. 1320, 1324, 467
Funck, Nicholas, nos. 424, 431, 407
Funck, Nicholas, & L. Schlim, no. 1152,
512
Furbish, Kate, Brunswick, 1907, 243
Cow Isl., Aug., 1910, 324
Fyffe, R., no. 235, 597
Gabriel, French Guiana, 1802, 407, 471
Gairdner, Miss A. E., no. 414, 543
no. 577, 402
Galander, C., Cordoba, Nov. 30, 1877,
462
Cordoba, Mar. 15, 1878, 462
Pampa de Matadero, Jan. 22, 1880,
500
Los Gigantes, Jan. 23, 1880, 500
foot of Los Gigantes, Jan. 24, 1880,
500
Estancia de las Rosas, Jan. 27, 1881,
500
Cuesta de San Ignacio, Mar. 23, 1881,
500
Quebrada de los Condoritos, Mar. 26,
1881, 512
Sierra de la Estanzuela, Mar. 3, 1882,
500
Casa de Piedra, Mar. 11, 1882, 512
ravine of los Bueyes, Mar. 17, 1882,
500
Cerrp del Mprro, Mar. 22, 1882, 500
Galeotti, Henri Guillaume, nos. 2021,
2067, 2169, 512
nos. 2212, 2340, 2471, 2493, 181
no. 2278, 1*33
no. 2370, 442
no. 2486, 341
Galpin, Ernest Edward, no. 1332, 392
Gandoger, Michel, near Naples, Aug.,
1871, 286
Arnas, Sept., 1872, 273
nos. 88, 88[6], 1410, 286
nos. 599, 600, 967, 273
no. 1334, 247
Garber, Abram Paschal, vicinity of
Easton, 1868, 235
vicinity of Easton, July, 1869, 235
Levy Co., Nov., 1877, 229, 231
Gardner, George, no. 501, 416
nos. 509, 511, 195
no. 510, 195, 197
no. 878, 476
no. 1742, 471
nos. 2222, 3851, 463
no. 3849, 407
nos. 3850, 4256, 480
no. 3851, 475
no. 4254, 197, 198
no. 4255, 482
no. 4257, 202
Gardner, H. M., no. 1416, 607
Gardner, J. R., no. 809, 252
Gamier, no. 51, 416
Garnsey, H. E., no. 455, 304
no. 756, 291
Gates, Frank Caleb, no. 2002, 304
nos. 2194, 10083, 247
nos. 9953, 10041, 216
Gates, Hezekiah, Alabama, 1831, 229
Gaudefroy, E., no. 13, 291
Gaudichaud-Beaupre, Charles, Hawaiian
Isls., 122, 146
Hawaiian Isls., Oct., 1836, 112, 122
Macao, 1836-1837, 392
no. 71, 146
no. 164, 451
nos. 220 p.p., 221 p.p., 97, 107, 122,
138
no. 1046, 496
Gaumer, George Franklin, Izamal, 1888,
181, 433
no. 129, 433
no. 451 p.p., 433, 442, 476
nos. 632, 1469, 434
nos. 940, 2498, 471
no. 951, 181
no. 2083, 171
no. 2498, £75, 477
nos. 2499, 2504, 476
Gaumer, George F., & sons, no. 23510,
181
Gay, Claude, Chile, 316, 423
Prov. Coquimbo, 1839, 416, 423, 434
nos. 201, 341, 355, 451
Gehrt, Guilhermo, Ityrapina, Apr. 28,
1927, 480
Gelert, Otto, Kirkevaerlose, Sept. 25,
1889, 291
Arucas, Apr. 22, 1897, 423
Geneva, Bot. Garden of, Oct., 1855, 345
Gentry, Howard Scott, no. 1700, 192
no. 1971, 525
no. 2847, 193
Germain, A., Quillota, 1855-1856, 434
no. 109, 392
Gershoy, A., no. 737, 256
Geyer, Carl Andreas, nos. 47, 529, 368
Ghiesbreght, August Boniface, Oaxaca,
Oct., 1842, 512
nos. 85, 533, 534, 512
nos. 107, 151, 555, 533
nos. 112, 380, 341
no. 533, 530
664 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
no. 551, 531
no. 556, 442
no. 781, 536
Gibbs, Miss Lilian Suzette, no. 2724, 392
Gibert, Ernest, Montevideo, Jan., 1874,
463
nos. la, 95, 463
no. 908, 316
Gilbert, Grace, Pine Grove, Sept., 1893,
256
Gillberg, no. 167, 471
Giraldi, Giuseppe, nos. 272, 2894, 2895,
2896, 2897, 384
nos. 273, 2899, 392
nos. 274, 3059, 273
Glatfelter, Noah Miller, St. Louis Co.,
Sept. 19, 1897, 21 4
Glaziou, Auguste Francois Marie, nos.
2624, 12881, 195
no. 4034, 423
no. 8755, 416
nos. 18315, 21588, 202
no. 19525, 482
Gleason, Henry Allan, Herod, Aug. 23,
1902,217
no. 41, 217
no. 814, 369
Gleason, H. A., & F. D. Shobe, no. 218,
223
Goetze, W., no. 731, 640
no. 851, 605
Goldman, Edward Alphonso, nos. 30,
493, 181
no. 247, 479
no. 468, 174
Goll, George P., no. 572, 171
no. 742, 471
Gomer, T. H., no. 1743, 195
Gomez, Rosalio, no. 1074, 507
Goodding, Leslie Newton, no. 495, 304
Gossweiler, John (Johannes), near Sucala
River, June, 1925, 600
no. 1189, 583
no. 1201, 543
nos. 1210, 3023, 3842, 4304, 586
nos. 1224, 1227, 4338, 5727, 600
nos. 2467, 3339, 591
no. 2635, 589
no. 3021, 592
no. 3147, 590
no. 3165, 577
no. 3330, 555
no. 3631, 593
no. 3640, 607
nos. 3831, 5726, 544
no. 4052, 347
no. 4176, 547
no. 5438, 402
no. 8477, 5^5
no. 8936, 546
Goudot, Justin, vicinity of Tananarive,
416
Bogota, 188
Fontibon, Feb. 20, 1844, 507
Guadalupe, Mar., 1844, 507
Bogota, Nov., 1844, 188
no. 1, 190
Gourlie, Gulielmi, Jr., ex herb, of, vicin.
Glasgow, 304
Graham, C. J., no. 48, 533
no. 49, 528
Grant, George Barnard, no. 106, 204
no. 4553, 316
no. 5278, 239
Grant, Captain J. A., no. 187, 557
Grant, Martin Lawrence, nos. 3794, 4419,
91
no. 4958, 105
no. 5195, 89
no. 5386, 85
nos. 7018, 7395, 7456, 134
no. 7242, 107
Grantzow, Prenzlau, Aug., 1875, 204
Prenzlau, Aug., 1876, 204, 273
Prenzlau, Aug., 1877, 264
no. 876, 273
Graves, Charles Burr, no. 259a, 216
Gray, Asa, Florida, 369
Greene, Edward Lee, Fort of Colorado,
Sept. 3, 1873, 577
Cucharas River, Sept. 5, 1873, 377
Marshall Hall, Sept. 28, 1898, 316
no. 263, 365
no. 456, 377
no. 461, 382
Greenman, Jesse More, nos. 6, 23, 97, 441
no. 172, 434
no. 174, 456
no. 250, 369
no. 337, 223
no. 501, 259
no. 543, 304
no. 545, 239
nos. 1713, 1799, 239
no. 2143, 235
Greenman, J. M., & M. T. Greenman,
no. 5312, 456
Greenman, J. M., Jr., & M. T. Green-
man, no. 3712, 216
Gregg, Josiah, Parras, May 16, 1847, 434
above Shreveport, Sept. 28, 1847, 235
no. 39, 446
nos. 236 p.p., 2366 p.p., 442, 446
no. 256, 341
no. 397, 336
no. 430, 456
no. 438, 488
no. 604, 317
Gregory, J. W., Guaso Larok, 1893, 569
Guaso Laschau, 1893, 569
Guaso Nairotia, 1893, 569
Grenfell, A. P., Taita Hills, 575
Grenier, Charles, Lyon, 1846-1852, 286
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
665
Griffiths, David, nos. 1985, 5994, 6014,
365
Griffiths, David, & John James Thorn-
ber, no. 65, 365
Grimes, Earl Jerome, no. 4546, 229
Groff, G. W., Sun Ooi, Mar. 18, 1918,
392
Gross, Charles A., May's Landing, Sept.
12, 1882,317
Gross, Rudolph, Kopenick, Sept. 22,
1908, 261*
Kopenick, Oct. 3, 1908, 239
Kopenick, Sept. 6, 1909, 239
Kopenick, Sept. 22, 1909, 239
Grote, no. 3749, 588
Grove, Jacob Houtz, no. 498, 223
no. 619, 239
Guilding, L., St. Vincent, 171
Guttenberg, Gustave (von), vicinity of
Wheeling, Sept., 1878, 369
near Wheeling, Sept., 1878, 239
near Wheeling, Sept. 7, 1878, 317
near Wheeling, Oct., 1878, 252
Erie, Sept. 9, 1879, 259
Haarer, A. E., no. 1471, 576
no. 1472, 608
Haberer, Joseph Valentine, nos. 1458,
3359, 235
Hafniae, Hortus (cf. Hort. Haun.), no.
648, 513
Hahn, Ludwig, no. 9, 31 7
nos. 280, 1079, 528
no. 383, 471
no. 385, 41 <>
no. 408, 171
Hale, Josiah, Louisiana, 21 It, 229
Alexandria, 239
Louisiana, 1842, 235
no. 402, 235
no. 403, 317
Hall, Elihu, sloughs, Athens, 1861, 217
sloughs, Athens, Sept., 1864, 21 1*
Athens, Sept., 1868, 21 7
Kansas, 1869, 243
Hall, George Reuben, canal banks at
Riverside, 1905,317
Hall, Harvey Monroe, cult., Berkeley,
Aug. 28, 1911, 432
Hallier, H., San Ramon, Feb., 1904, 392
Hallier, Hans Gottfried, no. 27, 392
Hoisted, Bryon David, no. 35, 369
Harm, no. 298, 392
Hamilton, Arthur Andrew, Centennial
Park, Mar., 1909, 273
Hance, Henry Fletcher, no. 99, 1*23
Hancock, W ., Guatemala, 1882-1883,
181
no. 35, 174
Handel-Mazzetti, Heinrich Gotzeus,
Aug., 1897, 273
Hannington, J., Msilala, comm. 1883,
588
2°-7° S. Lat., comm. 1883, 555
Hansen, O., mts. near Kingston, 1897,
171
Jamaica, Jan., 1897, 1*16
Harger, Edgar Burton, Oxford, Sept. 27,
1917, 252
no. 4160, 21*7
no. 4833 p.p., 235, 259
no. 6181, 21*9
Harger, R. L., Elgeyo Escarpment,
comm. 1926, 569
Harmand, Poulo-Condor Isls., 392
Harper, Roland McMillan, no. 1562,
229, 231
Harris, James Arthur, Oahu, Aug. 22,
1924, 151*
Harris, William, nos. 5420, 12302, 176
nos. 5617, 12209, 12303, 171
no. 6735, 200
nos. 10987, 11180, 167
nos. 11649, 12327, 178
Harshberger, John William (Claghorn),
Ocean City, Aug. 23, 1900, 259
Pembroke Church, June 21, 1905, 1*23
Big Hammock, Aug. 12, 1911, 1*31*
Sanibel Isl., June 10, 1912, 1*31*
Cedar Bog, Sept. 9, 1912, 223
no. 89, 1*31*
no. 102, 317
Hart, John Hinchley, Jamaica, 175
Hartman, C. V., nos. 47, 834, 961, 991,
331*
no. 95, 317
no. 113, 1*10
nos. 198, 833, 962, 341
no. 564 p.p., 1*1*6, 1*1*9, 1*50
Hartweg, Theodor, no. 1608 p.p., 1*1*2,
1*1*6
Harvard University, Bot. Gard. of (cf.
Hort. Cantabrig.), Dec. 4, 1894, 1*83
Harvey, William Henry, Valparaiso,
Apr .-July, 1856, 451
Harz, Kurt, near Bamberg, Sept. 26,
1908, 291
no. 5090, 291
Hass, no. 17, 273
Hassler, Emil, nos. 375, 3623, 11558, 463
nos. 1474, 12378, 317
nos. 1877, 7454, 9177, 1*80
no. 3757, 1*87
no. 4253, 1*80, 1*81
nos. 5580, 5707, 5708, 7910, 7910a,
9348, 1*85
no. 11558, 466
nos. 12045 p.p., 12079, 486
Hastings, G. T., no. 570, 423
Haught, Oscar (Lee), no. 4, 423
no. .F139, 476
Hauniensis, Hort. Bot. (Hort. Hafniae,
qu. cf.), cult. 1921, 492
Haussknecht, Heinrich Carl, about Ma-
ranh, Aug. 22, 1865, 273
666 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Hauthal, R., nos. 223, 273, 333, 381, 512
no. 273, 520
no. 334, 1+96
Hayek, August Edler von, no. 796, 309
no. 3795 p.p., 273, 291,.
Haygarth, Walla Jacques, near Umzin-
yati River, Jan. 21, 1893, 556
Heidenreich, Ferdinand, Tilsit, Aug. 28,
1871, 291
Memel River, Sept. 5, 1872, 291
Tilsit, Sept. 5, 1872, 291
Tilsit, Aug. 26, 1873, 291
Tilsit, Sept. 6, 1876, 291
Heiland, Gustav L., Schluesoh, Aug.,
1876, 261+
no. 876, 265
Heller, Amos Arthur, on Kaholuamanoa,
Oct. 11-16, 1895, 11+5
Lancaster, Sept. 24, 1900, 2*7
Conestoga River, Sept. 6, 1901, 369
Dillerville Swamp, Sept. 13, 1901, 259
mouth of Tucquan, Sept. 20, 1901,
252
no. 1247, 223
no. 1988 p.p., 103, 130
no. 2090, 1+16
no. 2791, 165
no. 2848, 11+1+
no. 2894, 122
no. 2901, 107
no. 6081, 171
no. 6196, 1+71
no. 6428, 1+31+
no. 10240 p.p., 239, 21+7
no. 11134, 239
no. 11718, SOU
Heller, A. A., & Elizabeth Gertrude
Halbach, no. 600, 301+
no. 601, 235
Heller, A. A., & wife, no. 6, IS I
no. 874, 1 71
Heller, Carl, no. 37, 1+56
no. 389, 811
Henderson, Louis Forniquet, no. 3855,
301+
Hennecart, J., Santo Domingo, Mar. 11,
1827, 1*71
Henry, Augustine, nos. 75, 108, 8769,
1+23
no. 108, 1+17
no. 388, 392, 1*00
no. 1111, 1+31+
nos. 2086, 2491, 2794, 8269, 8574,
8769, 392
nos. 2875, 4791, 381+
no. 7011, 385
no. 9903, 273
Henry, Charles, mt. near Hakui, 1916,
u
Mt. Taie Kaoa, 1916, 75
Mt. Kaea, 1916, 75
Nukahiva, 1917, 76
Atuona Valley Ridge, December,
1917, 92
Hens, Fr., no. 91, 1+23
nos. 94, 261, 1+21+
no. 286, 392
Henschen, Salomon Eberhard, no. 193,
195
Hepperger, see von Hepperger
Hermann, Friedrich, Bernburg, Sept. 15,
1905, 239
Herrera, Fortunato L., Valley of the
Apurimac, Feb. 29, 1+51+
no. 1482o, 500
no. 1828, 520
no. 2358, 1+96
Herter, Guilelmus (sometimes given
W. G. Herter}, Sayago, 1907, 1+63
no. 787 p.p., 1+63, 1+66
Heuser, P., Arlington, Aug. 25, 1896,
223
Arlington, Sept. 8, 1896, 223
Rahway, 1865, 235
Lutheran Hill, Sept. 10, 1894, 257
Cypress Hill, Sept. 29, 1894, 257
Heuston, William, 1730, 1+76
Hexamer, A. C., & F. Maier, Hudson
Co., Sept. 28, 1854, 317
Heyde, Enrique Theophilus, no. 666, 181
Heyde, E. T., & Ernesto Lux, nos. 3404,
3788, 1+31+
nos. 3788, 6172, 1+56
no. 4193, 181
no. 4208 p.p., 1+17, 1+76
no. 4503, 521
no. 6162, 351+, 355, 356
no. 6163, 351+ .
no. 6164, 1+59
no. 6170, 1+59
no. 6172, 457
no. 6173, 351+, 355, 356
Heyne, ex herb, of, no. 299c, 392
Hieronymus, Georg Hans Emmo Wolf-
gang, Paso de la Higuera, Mar. 24-
25, 1874, 500
vicinity of Hill of Arjel, Jan. 13-15,
1876, 512
Hill of the Sala Grande, Feb. 13, 1876,
512
Hill of the Potrerillos, Feb. 1, 1877,
512
Sierra Achala, Feb. 19, 1877, 500
Colanchanga, Feb., 1882, 1+63
no. 431, 500
no. 465, 512
no. 490, 31 7
Hieronymus, G., & Paul Guenther
Lorentz, vicin. Nevado del Castillo,
Mar. 19-23, 1873, 1+96
nos. 147, 172, 500
no. 762, 512
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
667
Hildebrandt, Johann Maria, no. 415, 402
nos. 1023, 1640, 424
no. 2432, 555, 574
no. 2432a, 555
no. 3380a, 369
Hill, Albert Frederick, no. 2357, 239
Hill, Ellsworth Jerome, no. 107, 216
Hillebrand, William, central plateau of
Hawaii, 151, 152
Haleakala Crater, 14.7
Isl. Hawaii, 146, 147
gulch of Kalae, June, 1870, 151
seashore, Kalawau, 1870, 162
Kapalama, 31 7
Kula, 1871, 147
road between Lahaina and Wailuku,
158
Isl. Lanai, 1870, 160
Madeira, Oct., 1876, 417
Maui, 151
northern Maui, 160
eastern Maui, 1870, 146
Molokai, 149, 158
Molokai, 1870, 151
Nuuanu, 100, 107
Oahu, 107, 122
Waianae Range, 148
Waikapu, 97
Waikiki, 31 7
Waikolu, 141
near seashore at Waikolu, 1870, 162
south ridge of valley of Wailuku,
Aug., 1870, 147
nos. 29, 298, 151
no. 30, 152
no. 35, 100
no. 39, 138
no. 41, 424
no. 42, 122
no. 43, 146
no. 1998, 317
Hillebrand, Wm., & John M. Lydgate,
Hawaiian Isls., 152, 417
Isthmus of Maui, 158
Konahuanui, Oct. 29, 1870-1872, 107
Kula, 147
Hinds, Richard Brinsley, Marquesas
Isls., 1841, 76
Hitchcock, Albert Spear, Nassau, Nov.,
1890, 471
Constant Springs, Dec. 10, 1890, 471
Blue Mt. Peak, Dec. 12, 1890, 171,
200
Grand Cayman, Jan. 17, 1891, 471
no. 135, 434
no. 734, 219
no. 735 p.p., 259, 305
no. 736, 369
no. 915, 230, 231
no. 917, 918, 230
no. 13958, 154
no. 14985, J40
nos. 15291, 15388, 165
no. 20785, 500
Hoar, E. S., Concord River, Sept., 1858,
317
Hoehne, F. C., State of Sao Paulo,
May 21, 1927, 480
no. 2690, 195
Hoehne, F. C., & August Gehrt, no.
23904, 456
Hoffman, Ralph, Sandesfield, July 12,
1907, 305
Dodson, Sept. 30, 1916, 259
Hoffmann, Carl, no. 105, 534
no. 250, 424
no. 383, 182
no. 742, 456
no. 804, 417
Hoffmannsegg, Johann Centurius, loco
ignoto, 421
Hoffstad, O. A., vicin. Sandefjord, Aug.,
1893, 305
Hohenacker, Rudolph Friedrich, ed., no.
276, 417, 392
no. 1355, 392
Holl, Frederic, near Funchal, Sept. 12,
1827, 417, 424
Hollermayer, P. Athanasius, no. 102, 317
Hollister, Mabel P., no. 94, 214
Hollmen, Hans, nos. 384a, 384b, 273
Holm, Herman Theodor, back of Mar-
shall Hall, Sept. 28, 1898, 317
Brookland, Sept., 1908, 239
no. 61,^71
no. 61a, 174
Holmes, Jesse Herman, Woodlawn,
Aug., 1888, 239
no. 557, 223
Holmes, Katharina R., near Apollo,
Sept. 3, 1902, 252
Hoist, C., no. 76, 537
nos. 102, 207, 5002, 567
no. 913/, 562
no. 2146, 570
no. 2252, 575
no. 2908, 392
no. 2967, 580
no. 4328, 424
no. 9149a, 576
Holton, Isaac Farwell, Illinois, 216
Kanawha, Oct. 8, 1849, 305
Kanawha Salines, Oct. 8, 1849, 252
La Paila, May 19, 1853, 424
no. 265, 188
no. 365, 192
no. 368, 512
Holtz, W., no. 406, 566
Holub, Emil, Bechuanaland, 392
Holway, Edward Willet Borland, nos. 4,
110, 3667, 182
no. 27, 417
no. 29, 434
no. 816, 200
668 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Holway, E. W.D., & Mary M. Holway,
no. 575, 521
nos. 1407, 1713, 196
Holz, Pittsburgh, 1831, 369
Homble, no. 563, 569
no. 605, 57k
Hooker, Joseph Dalton, New Zealand,
417
Sikkim, 424
North America, 1835, 243
northwest coast of North America,
Jan., 1835, 297
Jamaica, 1843, 442
Hooker, J. D., & Thomas Thomson, Mt.
Khasia, 424
Khasia, 369, 392
Hopkins, Lewis S., Kent, Sept. 20,
1913, 252
no. 2335, 223
Homer, R. M., no. 5281, 248
Hosaka, Edward Yataro, no. 177, 154
nos. 1107, 1108, 107
Hosseus, C. Curt, no. 498ax, 424
House, Homer Doliver, no. 4003, 369
Houy, R., no. 57, 576
no. 1213, 600
Howe, Clifton Durant, no. 1464, 305
Howe, C. D., & William Francis Lang,
nos. 1466, 1527, 243
Howell, Thomas J., Sauvies Isl., Sept.,
1882, 305
Sauvies Isl., Oct., 1886, 248
Hubo, I., no. 30, 471
Hiigel, Carl de, New Zealand, 424
Hugh, no. 24, 385
Huk, Abdul, Fort Stedman, Dec., 1892,
424
Hiilphers, A., Karlstad, Aug. 15-20,
1901, 291
Sunne, Aug. 16, 1914, 291
Sunne, Aug. 20, 1914, 294
Hulsch, R., Rathenow, Sept., 1896, 264
Humbert, Henri, no. 7593, 571
nos. 7843, 8479, 579
Hume, Edward P., no. 276, 154
no. 305, 143
no. 385, 136
Humboldt (Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich)
Alexander (von), & Aime Bon-
pland, loco ignoto, 354
between Alausi and Tambo de Gua-
mote, 451
Caracas, 424
between Caracas and Mt. Buenavista,
January, 1 80
slope of Mt. Chimbqrazo, June, 496
base of Mt. Cotopaxi, May, 513
Cuba, Apr., 469
alt. 2700 meters, foot of Mt. Javirac,
Feb., 188
between Llactacunga and Ambato,
454
Llactacunga, 451
near Los Joares and Santa Rosa de
la Sierra, 489
bank of Magdalena River near Badi-
llas, May, 1801, 475
Mexico, 317
Morelia, 341
near Morelia, 341
probably at Quito, 509
Quito, 188, 509, 513, 517
near Quito, 513
near San Agustin de Las Cuevas and
the City of Mexico, 507, 508
near Santa Rosa de la Sierra, Sept.,
457
no. 3322, 521
Husnot, T., Santa Cruz, Mar., 1866, 417
Hyams, M. E., Statesville, 248, 369
Ichikawa, Kotobuki, no. 398, 393
Ingricae, Herb. Florae, cent. Ill, no.
309, 304
cent. VII, no. 308 p.p., 291
cent. VII, no. 308B, 292
cent. VIII, 3096, 304
cent. VIII, 309c, 305
Isert, Paul Erdmann, St. Croix, 1787,
471
Jackson, Frederick J., trop. eastern
Africa, 1889, 562
Jacquemont, Victor, Marquisant, Mar.
11, 1827, 471
nos. 377, 426, 393
nos. 879', 884', 886, 402
Jacquin, ex herb, of ex Hort. Vindob.,
ff> <tt <t> Q 0 t
OOO, OOJf.
Jacquin filius (i.e., Joseph Franz), cult.,
1809, 333, 334
Jaeger, Benedict, no. 146, 442
Jaeger, F., no. 192, 607
Jahandiez, Emile, Bufadero, Jan. 6,
1911, 424
John, Albrecht, below Washington Park,
Sept. 14, 1895, 204, 223
Delair, Sept. 30, 1907, 204
John, Alfredo, no. 23, 513
Jahn, Joseph, no. 573, 292
James, Evan, Libu, 602
James, H. E. M., Kirin to Tsitsihar,
comm. June, 1887, 385
Jameson, William, Ecuador, 434, 513
nos. 47, 61, 513
no. 55, 511
no. 497, 188, 189
no. 693, 513, 519
Janin, no. 28, 252
Jardin, Edelstan, no. 32, 318
no. 40, 76
no. 41, 77
no. 42, 413
no. 132, 78
no. 199, 81
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
669
Jeanjean, A. F., rocks of Massane,
Oct., 1912, 341
Jeanpert, Henri Edouard, no. 1202, 273
Jenman, George Samuel, nos. 4643, 5383,
no. 4984, 417
no. 5499, 476
Jennings, Otto Emery, Pymatuning
Swamp, Aug. 19, 1904, 223
Conger, Sept. 22, 1904, 252
Kittanning, Sept. 24, 1904, 239
south of Logan's Ferry, Sept. 23,
1916, 252
north of Glenshaw, Oct. 13, 1918, 248
Sandy Lake, Aug. 30, 1923, 223
no. 497, 434
Jennings, O. E., & Grace E. Kinzer,
Ohio Pyle, Sept. 10, 1905, 305
Jennings, 0. E., & Grace Kinzer Jen-
nings, Peace River, Dec., 1919, 230
no. 2178, 250
Jennings, O. E., & wife, no. 5173, 305
Jennings, O. E., & wife, & ft. H. Daily,
below Nipigon, Aug. 31, 1912, 305
Jepson, Willis Linn, Grand Isl., Sept.
17, 1891, 239
Johnson, Harry, nos. 920, 921, 182
Johnson, W. P., no. 50, 556
nos. 341, 343, 556, 557
no. 354, 544
Johnston, E. L., no. 394A, 305
Johnston, H. H., Nandi Plateau, comm.
1901, 562
no. 190, 607
Johnston, Ivan Murray, nos. 5328, 5442,
513
Johnston, I. M., & N. C. Fassett, nos.
903, 905, 906, 208
Johnston, John Robert, no. 709, 471
Jones, Marcus Eugene, Grinnell, Aug.,
1877, 214
Santa Rita Mts., Aug. 24, 1903, 365
Huachuca Mts., Sept. 3, 1903, 434
Mound Valley, Sept. 18, 1903, 377
no. 377, 503
no. 620, 239
nos. 673, 4144, 5978, 305
no. 1063, 252
no. 27757, 446
no. 27770, 457
Joor, Joseph F., Lafourche Parish, Sept.
19 1872 369
Jacksonville, Oct. 8, 1884, 219
Long Beach, Sept. 16, 1891, 230, 231
Jordan, Alexis, Lyon, 286
Pontcheri, 286
La Verpilliere, Sept., 1841, 286
a la tete d'or, Lyon, 1849, 286
no. 664, 286
Jorgensen, Pedro, Bonpland, Dec. 18,
1909, 486
nos. 1080, 1283, 2041, 466
no. 1363 p.p., 500
no. 1785, 465
no. 1908, 424
no. 2725, 317
Junghuhn, Franz Wilhelm, nos. 290, 311,
376, 424
no. 357, 424, 427
Junod, H., Delagoa Bay, 1890, 424
Jurgensen, C., no. 781, 182
Jurion, F., no. 41, 625
Kalbreyer, W., no. 714, 513
Kalenborn, A. S., nos» 100, lOOa, 500
no. 1006, 497
Kalenborn, Margaret, no. 100, 500
Kandt, no. 105, 424
Karo, Ferdinand, nos. 160, 1534, 385
no. 397, 292
Karsten, (Gustave Karl Wilhelm) Her-
mann, Bogota, 188, 191
Chiquinquira, 188
Quindfo, 457
Kassner, T., no. 870, 607
no. 2599, 568
no. 2658, 544
no. 2710, 569
no. 2725, 551
no. 2859a, 569
no. 3182, 544
Kastalsky, Oahu, 122
Kearney, Thomas Henry, Jr., nos. 178,
185, 252
no. 475, 305
no. 2375, 223
no. 2391, 317
Keck, Karl, Aistershaim, Aug. 23, 1861,
070
mi9
near Aistershaim, Aug., 1889, 273
Keeler, Henry D., vicin. Mayport and
Jacksonville, 1870-1876, 369
Keerl, Tlapujahua, 490
Keil, L., nos. 1, 10, 600
Keller, C., Reunion Isl., summer of
1886, 429
Keller, Ida Augusta, Argus, Sept. 18,
1892, 317
Keller, Louis, Moosbrun, Aug. 28, 1880,
305
vicin. Vienna, Aug. 28, 1880, 273
Kirschenteuer i. Rosental, Aug.,
1907, 305
Kellerman, William Ashbrook, Goet-
tingen, Aug. 23, 1879, 274
Manhattan, Sept. 2, 1886, 219
no. 4396, 521
nos. 5321, 6436, 417
nos. 5341, 5351, 6118, 8035, 182
no. 6112, 354, 355
Kellogg, John Henry, no. 146, 216
Kellogg, Albert, & William George
Washington Harford, 437 p.p., 305,
317
670 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Kennedy, George Golding, Bailey's
Beach, Sept. 19, 1907, 257
Portsmouth, Sept. 19, 1907, 257
no. 8, 257
Kenyan, Miss E., no. 55, 544
Kerber, E., no. 9, 457
no. 147, 1 71
Kerner, Bozen, 369
Mori, 369
Kerr, A. F. G., no. 743, 424
Kew Gardens (Hort. Kew.), cult., 1785,
SW, 344
cult., Feb., 1906, 540
Kihlman, Alfred Oswald, no. 385, 292
Killip, Ellsworth Paine, no. 6751, 513
no. 6781, 451
Killip, E. P., & Bro. Ariste-Joseph,
no. 11922, 188
Killip, E. P., & Tracy E. Hazen, nos.
2527, 9527, 182
Killip, E. P., & Albert Charles Smith,
no. 14807, 471
nos. 16896, 23769, 25348, 182
no. 17204, 188
nos. 17405, 18212, 507
no. 18101, 451
no. 18212, 513
no. 18799, 189
no. 20871, 197
nos. 21591, 21766, 497
nos. 24114, 24249, 168
no. 24229, 500
Kindt, Egon, Beckendorf, Aug. 28, 1907,
305
Kirk, John, Moramballa, Dec. 30, 1855-
1858, 561
Lupata, Apr., 1860, 556
Mbame, July, 1861, 544
Klammerth, Miss Arnoldine, no. 1268,
274
Klein, Mgandamaley, Feb. 29, 1796,
395
Klugh, A. Brooker, no. 8, 223
Knapp, T. A., Hasanbeili, Sept. 19,
1884, 274
Knowlton, Clarence Hinckley, Hyde
Park, Sept. 19, 1908, 317
Plymouth, Aug. 24, 1916, 248
Boston, Sept. 5, 1916, 249
Sturbridge, Sept. 27, 1917, 252
Harwich, Oct. 14, 1920, 223
Knowlton, Frank Hall, no. 157, 382
Koch, ditches near Bozen, 1828, 369
Koenig, Jean Gerard, Coromandel, anno
1776, 393
Komarov, Vladamir L., Sajan Mts.,
1902, 292
eastern shores of L. Chan-chai, July
20, 1913, 305
no. 1534, 385
no. 1535 p.p., 274, 283, 292
no. 3291 p.p., 274, 292
Kornicke, Fr., Leningrad, 305
Isl. Crestofski, Aug., 1857, 292
Leningrad, Aug., 1857, 274
on the Karposka, Sept., 1857, 274
Korzchinsky, S. J ., Raifa, 1884, 283
Kotschy, Theodore, no. 79, 372, 402
no. 91, 369
no. 135, 402
no. 325, 402, 405
no. 457, 274, 279
Krauss, Ferdinand, southern Africa,
Mar., 1839, 417
banks of Umbaar River, Dec., 1839,
393
southern Africa, 1842, 417
no. 11, 402
Krauss, Noel H., Hauula, Jan. 6, 1934,
111
no. 4128,107
Krautter, Louis, Jr., Halsey, Aug. 20,
1907, 223
Kreager, Frank O., no. 527, 248
Krebs, St. Thomas, Oct., 1846, 471
Krebs, William, no. 61, 223
Krout, A. F. K., Lehigh Co., 1868, 317
Krug, B., nos. 70, 177, 445, 393
nos. 73, 73a, 185, 433, 385
nos. 454, 631, 274
Kuntze, (Carl Ernst) Otto, Prov. Cor-
doba, 466
ex herb, of, Caquaj, Mar. 8, 1874, 434
Trinidad, Apr., 1874, 471
Cartago, June 24, 1874, 534
Cochabamba, Mar., 1892, 497
near Cochabamba, Mar. 26, 1892, 454
Cochabamba, Mar. 26, 1892, 499
alt. 4,200 meters, vicin. Ovuro and
Tapacari, 1892, 513
Santa Rosa, Apr. 1, 1892, 497
2,100 meters, Santa Rosa, Apr. 1,
1892 527
alt. 3,000 meters, Bolivia, Apr. 13-21,
1892, 513
Prov. Cordoba, Dec., 1894, 466
no. 533, 471
Kurtz, F., no. 9061, 317
Labillardiere, Jacques Julien Houton de,
Amboina Isl., 393
Lakela, Miss Olga, no. 1719, 264
nos. 1858, 1860, 262
Landauer, Robert, Mariannhill, 424
Lange, Axel, Surrey, Sept. 8, 1895, 305
Lange, Johann (Martin Christien), ditch
near Lucca, Sept., 1861, 239
Lange, L., Hellebaek, 292
Langlasse, E., no. 414, £75
no. 523, 476
no. 541, 412
no. 689 p.p., 174, 182
no. 971, 417
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
671
Langlois, Auguste Barthelemy, Plaque-
mines Parish, July, 1882, 369
Cotes Blanches, Oct. 10, 1884, 230
Langsdorff, George Heinrich von, Minas
Geraes, 196
Nukahiva, 1813, 76
Lansberg, Venezuela, 182
Lansing, Odell Edward, Jr., nos. 538,
2640, 2901, 3314, 223
nos. 1594, 3981, 305
nos. 2626, 3983, 3992, 248
no. 2640, 21 U
no. 2641, 264
no. 3502 p.p., 214, 217
nos. 3540, 3693, 3701, 239
nos. 3800, 3802, 240
Lansing, 0. E., Jr., & Earl Edward
Sherff, no. 40, 217
Lapham, Increase Allen, swamps, Mil-
waukee, 223
Lathouwers, Niaramba, May 10, 1932,
613
Lay, George Tradescant, & A. Collie,
Tahiti, Mar.-Apr., 1826, 87
Leblond, Jean Baptiste, no. 330, 369
no. 331, 237, 240
Lebrun, Jean, herb, of, no. 4347, 602
no. 5467, 571
Lechler, Willibald, no. 1576, 642, 643
no. 2127, 189
Lecomte, Henri, & Eugene Achille Finet,
nos. 1252, 1733, 393
Ledebour, Karl Friedrich von, Altai,
1831, 292
Ledermann, C., no. 5440, 621
no. 5461, 538
Ledman, O. S., St. Louis, Sept. 12, 1916,
214
Leduc, Mong-Tze, Sept. 14, 1890, 393
Lee, Leslie Alexander, Port Castries,
Dec. 1, 1887, 471
Lefevre, Edouard, no. 4, 393
Le Guillon, Akaroa, 1841, 4.24
Java, 1841, 424
Raffles Bay, 1841, 424
Lehmann, no. 58, 424
Lehmann, Alfred, near Gundorf, Oct. 5,
1904, 240
no. 5092, 236, 240
no. 5093, 237, 240
Lehmann, Friedrich Carl, Pasto, June
14, 1878, 497
nos. 119, 1787, 534
nos. 189, 190, 442, 513
nos. 357, 2835, 497, 521
nos. 433, 1608, 3511, 521
no. 1560, 533
nos. 3596, 5664, 434
no. 4703, 189, 190
no. 5965, 189
no. 5977, 497
no. 8723, 182
Leiberg, John Bernhard, no. 689,505
no. 916, 248
no. 5893, 382
Leibold, Friedrich Ernst, no. 3089, 317
Leipsic, Bot. Card, of, in 1857, 345
Lely, H. V., nos. 267, 600, 402
Lemmon, John Gill, Alache Pass, Sept.,
1881, 362, 365, 387
Rucker Valley, Sept., 1881, 341, 345
no. 59, 341, 345
no. 86, 342
nos. 332, 2767, 2769, 334
nos. 333, 3029, 365
no. 334, 387
nos. 2766, 2767, 442
nos. 2768, 2907, 377
no. 2770, 341
no. 2771, 362
Lemmon, J. G., & wife, Ajusco Mts.,
1905, 492
Apache Pass, Sept., 1881, 365
Chiricahua Mts., Sept., 1881, 377
Helen's Dome, Sept., 1881, 387
Huachuca Mts., Sept., 1882, 363
Ramsey's Canyon, Sept., 1882, 382
Rucker Valley, Sept., 1881, 334
no. 334, 387
no. 2768, 334
Leonard, Emery Clarence, no. 3455, 471
no. 3466, 434
Leon, Brother Huo, no. 1399, 471
Leon, Clement, & Roca, no. 9820, 174
Lepine, no. 98, 87
Leprieur, French Guiana, 471
French Guiana, 1835, 471
Leschenault (de la Tour), Louis Theodore,
Ceylon, 1823, 424
Letourneux, Aristide, Lake Mariot, June,
1876, 424
no. 79, 434
Letterman, George Washington, Texar-
kana, Oct. 19, 1894, 235
vicin. Denver, Aug. 20, 1884, 305
Levier, Emilio, vicin. Florence, Oct. 8,
1868, 240
vicin. Florence, 1872, 240
about Lake Sibolla, Sept. 27, 1874,
240
at Lake Sibolla, Sept., 1876, 240
near Brozzi, Oct. 20, 1887, 240
Levine, C. O., Honam Isl., Oct. 13-
Nov. 9, 1916, 434
no. 278, 424.
Levy, Pablo, no. 306, 182
Lhotzky (spelled also Lhotsky), John,
Bahia, 463
Licent, E., no. 798, 393
Liebmann, Frederik Michael, no. 93, 513
nos. 620, 648, 446
nos. 621, 622, 623, 628, 629, 182
nos. 630, 631, 650, 434
nos. 634, 635, 653, 417
672 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
nos. 640, 641, 457
no. 644, 533
no. 645, 521
no. 647, 492
no. 649, 443
no. 655, 443
Lindberg, Harald, vicin. Lojo, Aug. 20,
1893, 292
no. 973 p.p., 292, 294
no. 974, 294
Lindblom, K. G., Ukamba, 647
Linden, Jean Jules, no. 487 p.p., 170,
171, 189
nos. 491, 737, 513
no. 1172, 182
no. 1201, 434
Linder, David H., no. 1699, 393
Lindheimer, Ferdinand (Jacob), Hous-
ton, Oct., 1842, 235, 369
Industry, Aug., 1844, 240
nos. 887, 111.435,317
no. 888, 240
Lindholm, C. O., & V. G. Wenersborg,
Sweden, Aug., 1894, 292
Sweden, July, 1895, 292
Lindley, John, cult., comm. 1830, 439
Lindman, Carl Axel Magnus, Cruz
Alta, Apr. 20, 1893, 463
Paraguari, 1894, 463
Lippencott (spelled also Lippincott)
Charles Duett, Swedesboro, Sept.
10, 1892, 223, 369
Swedesboro, Sept. 18, 1892, 317
Budd's Lake, Sept. 4, 1894, 235
Swedesboro, Oct. 5, 1894, 252
Litwinow, D. I., no. 38, 283
Liu, J. C., nos. 1306, 1349, 369
no. 1413, 385
Livingston, Burton Edward, vicin. Grand
Rapids, July 30, 1890, 505
Lloyd, no. 408, 342
no. 1042, 434
Lloyd, C. E., no. 409, 348
Lloyd, Curtis Gates, near Cincinnati,
Sept. 18, 1882, 240, 252
near Cincinnati, Sept. 2, 1883, 252
Lloyd, Francis Ernest, nos. 162, 542, 369
no. 177, 417
Lofgren, Albert, no. 495, 475
no. 590, 480
Loher, August, nos. 3626 p.p., 5084, 393
no. 3637, 274
London, Horticultural Society of, ex
hort., Sept. 6, 1829, 434
Long, Bayard Henry, Manahawken, 223
river shore, Delair, Sept. 30, 1907, 204
Millville, Oct. 7, 1909, 204
nos. 4526, 4840, 317
nos. 4719, 4868, 5195, 5288, 223
nos. 6782, 6843, 248
no. 6787, 252
no. 6895, 243
no. 6903, 240
no. 6912, 369
no. 6939, 224
Loomis, Martha Louise, no. 587, 248
Looser, Gualterio, no. 148, 451
Lord, John Keast, Suakin to Tamanieb
River, Feb. 17, 1869, 556
Lorentz, Paul Guenther, La Cienaga, 500
Tucuman, 500
nos. 152, 152a, 188, 500
no. 219, 463
no. 316, 507
nos. 540, 5406, 502
no. 686, 513
no. 1526, 501, 502
Lorentz, P. G., & G. Hieronymus, foot of
Nevado del Castillo, Mar. 19, 1873,
504
no. 147, 513
Lorenzen, Marcus, no. 4108, 292
Lorzing, J. A., no. 153, 4%4
Ludung, Alfred, Potsdam, Sept. 28,
1906, 240, 264
Lugard, Mrs. E. J., no. 177, 556
Lugard, F. D., & E. J. Lugard, no. 177,
556
Lund, D., Brazil, 463, 637
Caxoeira do Campo, Feb., 1835, 202
no. 603, 196
no. 644, 198
Lundell, C. L., no. 136, 182
no. 899, 476
Lunell, Joel, Leeds, Sept. 10, 1901, 253
Towner, Sept. 10, 1908, 253
Leeds, Sept. 6, 1909, 253
Leeds, Sept. 9, 1917, 253
no. 55, 505
no. 1161, 250
Lydgate, JohnM., Kauai, 165
Kula, 147
Lyall, David, Chilliwack Prairie, Oct.,
1859, 505
Lynes, H., no. 23, 424
no. 601, 434
no. 609, 402
Macaulay, Mrs., no. 633 p.p., 544, 556
Macbride, J. Francis, no. 297, 505
nos. 728, 1627, 248
nos. 2683, 3174, 3180, 417
nos. 2873, 3209, 555
nos. 2898, 3179, 424
nos. 2899, 2901, 434, 452, 453
no. 2900 p.p., 455, 454
no. 2902, 451, 453
no. 2904, 411
nos. 3182, 3183, 3263, 3345, 3347, 513
nos. 3467, 3469, 3470, 3471, 3501,
3502, 4363, 514
no. 3468, 189
no. 3473, 455, 454
no. 3814, 182
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
673
Macbride, J. F., & Featherstone, no. 168,
411
no. 441, 500
no. 2139, 452
MacDaniels, Laurence Rowland, no. 49,
446
no. 114, 459
MacDougal, Daniel Trembly, & Godfrey
Sykes, no. 134, 402
MacElwee, Alexander, Delaware River,
Sept. 21, 1895, 224
Lyonville, Oct. 4, 1908, 253
no. 1526, 248
no. 1545,317
no. 1902, 369
no. 1992, 204
MacElwee, Alexander, Jr., West Phila-
delphia, Aug., 1874, 253
Washington Park, Sept. 27, 1894, 317
Macfarland, Frank Theodore, no. 161,
306
Macfarland, F. T., & William Arthur
Anderson, Jr., no. 275, 214
Macfarlane, John Muirhead, North
Wildwood, Sept., 1907, 317
Holly Beach, Sept. 12, 1907, 259, 369
Peak's Isl., Sept., 1913, 259, 306
Macgillivray, no. 63, 393, 400
MacGillivray, John, no. 783, 463
Mackenzie, Mexico, 533
Mackenzie, Kenneth Kent, no. 3791, 318
Macoun, James Melville, Selkirk, July
20, 1884, 240
Muskeg Isl., Aug. 11, 1884, 306
Rupert House, Sept. 5, 1885, 322
mouth of Salem River, Aug. 27, 1902,
306
Macoun, John, Little Slave Lake, Sept.
20, 1872, 306
Moira River, Sept. 14, 1877, 306
Hull, Aug. 23, 1884, 259
Brackley Point Road, Sept. 5, 1888,
240
Brackley Point, Sept. 5, 1888, 306
Lulu Isl., July 27, 1889, 305
Leamy's Lake, Sept. 6, 1889, 305
Ottawa, Aug. 28, 1894, 259
Medicine Hat, Aug. 10, 1895, 240
Ross Creek, Aug. 10, 1895, 248
Brandon, July 29, 1896, 306
Morden, Aug. 5, 1896, 240
St. Ann's Harbor, Aug. 9, 1898, 243
Algonquin Park, Aug. 16, 1900, 248
cultivated ground, Wakefield, Aug.
28, 1903, 248
Brown's Lake, Aug. 29, 1903, 259
Wakefield, Aug. 30, 1903, 306
St. Anne de Beaupre, Aug. 30, 1905,
257, 306
Lost Lake, July 2, 1908, 297
Springfield Junction, Aug. 2, 1910,
240
Italy Cross, Aug. 22, 1910, 259
Annapolis, Sept. 1, 1910, 306
Kingsmere, Aug. 23, 1911, 306
Manor Park, Aug. 25, 1911, 306
McKay Lake, Aug. 3, 1911, 235
Chelsea Road, Aug. 11, 1911, 240
Carlsbad Springs, Sept. 5, 1911, 306
Casselman, Sept. 13, 1911, 259
no. 73, 297
nos. 457, 458, 306
nos. 1150, 5061, 224
Macoun, John, & William Herriott,
Battle River, Aug. 15, 1906, 306
east of Beaver Hill Lake, Aug. 22,
1906, 306
Macrae, James, Oahu, May, 1825, 138
Mt. Kaah, June, 1825, 95, 138
near Valparaiso, 1825, 451
Magnus, Paul Wilhelm, Prov. Branden-
burg, Nov. 3, 1895, 259
Madrid, Bot. Gard. of, cult., Nov., 478
e sems. mexicanis Nov. 24, 445
Maire, E. E., plain of Tung-chuan,
Sept., 1910, 881
plain of Tong-tchouan (Tung-chuan),
Sept., 1912, 281, 369, 435
no. 987, 393
Maitland, T. D., nos. 236, 6345, 597
no. 1004, 624
Malbranche, Alexander (Rel. Maill.
1266), banks of Seine, Aug., 1855,
306
Malme, Gustaf O. A., no. 1410B, 466
no. 1456, 468
no. 1456a, 369
nos. 16825, 3374, 3374a, 480
nos. 3166, 3166a, 471
no. 31666, 473
Malte, Malte Oskar, Salmon Arm, Aug.
13, 1911, 306
Mandon, Gustave, no. 43 p.p., 497, 521
no. 44 p.p., 497, 504, 505
no. 45 p.p., 497, 514
no. 46 p.p., 497, 514, 521
no. 48, 504
no. 49, 644
no. 50 p.p., 508, 514
no. 51, 514
no. 52 p.p., 514
no. 53, 189
no. 54, 642
no. 134, 424
Manggerai, no. 22, 425
Mann, Horace, & William T. Brigham,
central plateau of Hawaii, 152
alt. 900 meters, Waimea, 165
Oahu, 107
no. 49, 417
no. 98 p.p., 100, 107
no. 372, 158
no. 428, 122, 127
no. 450, 97
674 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
nos. 520, 589, 152
no. 537, 165
no. 541, 122
Marie-Victorin, Brother (Kirouac, Con-
rad), no. 8197, 235
nos. 9737, 15466, 253
no. 15458, 32k
no. 15459, 328, 329
nos. 15461, 21207, 327
no. 16247, 257
no. 21206, 244
no. 28084, 259
Marloth, Rudolph, no. 1373, 393
Marshall, T. H., no. 5, 607
Martin, C., LaVerpilliere, Sept., 1851,
286
Martin, E., Sllbis, 292
no. 3027, 306
Martindale, Isaac Comly, Philadelphia,
1870, 20^
Camden, Sept., 1879, 201*
Philadelphia, Sept., 1879, 443
Martins, Karl Friedrich Philipp (von),
near Mariana, Apr., 1817-1820, 193
Brazil, comm. 1827, 195
Brazil, 1827, 196
Diamantina, March, 201
along Itapicuru River near Caxias,
May, 475
along brooks, Minas Geraes, May, 4.82
along San Francisco River, Mar.-
Apr., 466
above Serra do Mar, December, 196
nos. 819, 842, 425
nos. 823, 1018, 196
Masarakij, W., no. 1074, 306
Massey, R. E., no. 60, 1*02
Mathews (Matthews), Alexander, Peru,
168
Prov. Chachapoyas, comm. 1846, 522
no. 110, 90
nos. 465, 468, 451
no. 520, 571
no. 738, 358
no. 1046, ^97
no. 1750, 435
no. 1757, 168
Matthes, B., no. 295, 369
Maximowicz, Karl Johann, Amur, 292
Oahu, 1854, 425
upper Usuri, 1860, 385
Hakodate, 1861, 274
Yokohama, 1862, 274, 402
Nagasaki, 1863, 393
Maxon, William Ralph, vicin. of Oneida,
Aug. 26, 1895, 248
no. 724, 417
no. 1138, 178
no. 5359, 51 4
no. 5878, 240
no. 5962, 259
no. 5966, 369
Maxon, W. R., & Robert Hay, no. 3162,
182
no. 3690, 526
Mayebara, Sashiki, Oct. 19, 1926, 393
Mayo, Katherine, Paramaribo, May 10,
1905, 417
McAtee, Waldo Lee, no. 1709, 31 8
McCalla, William Copeland, no. 2514,
306
McClatchie, Alfred James, vicin. of
Whittier, June 27, 1892, 31 8
McClounie, J ., no. 133, 556
McClure, F. A., Kingchow, Oct. 14,
1921, 393
roadside near Kingchow, Apr., 1922,
393
McDonald, J., no. 1003, 539
McFarland, F. T., see F. T. Macfarland
McGregor, Richard C., Dupax, Mar.-
Apr., 1912, 425
nos. 861, 3637, 3865, 425
no. 2666, 393
McKay, Alexander Howard, Pictou,
Sept., 1875, 235, 259
McLadyer, Jamaica, 471
Mearns, Edgar Alexander, Kissimmee,
May 7, 1901, 230
Baguio, Apr., 1907, 417
Santo Domingo de Basco, May 27,
1907, 391
no. 158, 248
no. 159, 259
no. 160, 224
nos. 1364, 1418, 562
no. 2218 p.p., 382
nos. 2524, 2625, 602
Meebold, Alfred, Kandy, Mar., 1905, 425
no. 4165, 154
no. 4166, 107
no. 4168, 104
no. 20821, 104
Meek, Seth Eugene, near Henry, Sept.
12-16, 1906, 306
Meinhof, no. 40, 567
Meislahn, Miss Marie, no. 69, 370
no. 107, 230
Meisner, Carl Friedrich, near Geneva,
Sept. 14, 1826, 274
Meller, Charles James, vicin. of Blan-
tyre, Aug.-Sept., 1861, 544
Mendez, west of Guanajuato, 335
Mendonc,a, R., nos. 1120, 1254, 196
Menjabe, K., Azuma, Aug. 22, 1884, 274
Mentzel, Texas, July, 318
Menyhart, no. 1109, 556
no. 1110, 374
Menzies, Archibald, Hawaiian Isls., 100,
146, 151
Meredith, Hugh Bradshaw, Cape May,
Oct. 10, 1920, 257
below Greenwich Point, Sept. 7, 1921,
216
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
675
Washington's Crossing, Sept. 20,
1923, 24.0
Delaware River shore, Taylor, Oct. 3,
1923 205
vicin. of Palatine, Oct. 16, 1923, 248
Merkel, Brazil, 481
Merrill, Elmer Drew, Prov. Benguet,
Oct.-Nov., 1905, 425
Honam Isl., Oct. 13-Nov. 9, 1916,
393, 425
nos. 414, 3335, 3647, 393
no. 529, 240
nos. 1781, 6548, 6988, 425
no. 4308, 370
no. 4311, 394
Mertz, Henry Ney, Brooke Co., Sept. 27,
1879, 370
Metcalfe, Jamaica, 1859-1860, 171
Metcalfe, 0. B., no. 546, 377
nos. 839, 1096, 363
no. 1436, 377, 379
Metz, no. 1355, 394
Mexia, Mrs. Ynes, no. 189, 476
no. 1305, 174
Meyen, Franz Julius Ferdinand, about
Tacora, Apr., 1831, 498
Lima, May, 1831, 471
Cape Syngmoon, Aug., 1831, 639
Meyer, Hans, no. 61, 500
no. 1190, 576
Meyer, Herm., no. 2, 481
Meyers, Frederic Stanton, & John
Edward Dinsmore, no. 1904, 283
Michalet, Eugene, France, Aug., 1845,
292
Pleurre, Oct. 14, 1853, 292
Pleurre, Sept. 25, 1854, 292
Distr. Poligny, 1855, 292
cantons of Chaussin and Sellieres,
Aug. 28, 1855, 292
Fays Champrougier, Aug. 28, 1855,
292
no. 2088, 292
Michaux, Andre, North America, 224,
229, 231, 318
general region of Illinois, 213
Michener, Charles Gerald, & Frederick
Theodore Bioletti, Lake Merced,
June 12, 1892, 306
Miers, John, ex herb, of, Mendoza and
Buenos Aires, 463
no. 67, 451
no. 705, 463
no. 886, 514
Mildbraed, Johannes, nos. 1386, 1676,
1834, 579
nos. 9386, 9777, 573
Mille, A., no. 387, 358
Mille, Luis, no. 486, 358
Miller, Gerrit Smith, Jr., Passage Creek,
Sept. 5, 1897, 253
Millspaugh, Charles Frederick, no. 14,
306
nos. 26, 3880, 3951, 240
no. 81, 425
nos. 144, 1446, 1464, 1854, 2222, 2363,
2419, 435
no. 501, 471
no. 791, 370
nos. 1275, 2610, 417
Millspaugh, C. F., & Mrs. Clara Mitchell
Millspaugh, no. 9087, 435
Milne, Isle of Pines, Oct., 1853, 425
Mocquerys, A., no. 44, 425
Moerenhout, J. A., Tahiti, 1834, 87
Moffatt, Will Sayer, Pine, Aug. 31, 1895,
224
Mohr, Charles Theodore, Mobile, Oct.,
1878, 230, 231
Mobile, Oct. 4, 1886, 230
Poplarville, Oct. 4, 1894, 230
Cullman, Aug. 6, 1896, 214.
swampy thickets, Oct. 18, 1896, 235
Mobile, Oct., 1899, 230
Moller, Otto, Isl. Amager, Oct. 20, 1895,
417
Monacensis, Hortus, 1845, 334
Moniez, no. 2866, 274
Montpelier, Jardin de, cult, e sems. a
Fischero cpmm., 385
Montreal, University of, distrib. no.
28576, 243
Moore, John William, no. 467, 89
no. 559, 76
Moore, Spencer Le Marchant, no. 581,
471
More, Ch., moist places, New Jersey,
Aug., 1838, 224
Mori, Antonio, near Castelfranca dell'
Emilia, Sept. 11, 1884, 286
Bologna, Oct., 1887, 286
near Bologna, Oct., 1888, 286
vicin. of Villa Colombaro, Sept., 1892;
Sept., 1893; Sept., 1894; Sept.,
1896, 286
Moricand, Mo'ise Etienne, vicin. Vienna
and Venice, Sept., 306
Moritz, Johann Wilhelm Karl, no. 57, 1 83
no. 1401, 514
Morong, Thomas, nos. 208, 959, 463
Morris, Daniel, alt. up to 1,800 meters,
Jamaica, Feb., 1884, 200
alt. 1,650 meters, Cinchona planta-
tions, Aug., 1886, 178
Mortensen, H., vicin. of Birkerod, Sept.
9 1871 293
Denmark] Aug. 14, 1882, 293
Denmark, Sept. 15, 1888, 274
Moseley, Edwin Lincoln, cove of San-
dusky Bay, Sept. 12, 1895, 235
Castalia, Sept. 19, 1895, 306
Marblehead Sandspit, Sept. 16, 1908,
224
676 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Moseley, Henry Nottidge, Juan Fer-
nandez, Nov., 1875, 451
Mosen, Hjalm, no. 4217, 482
Moser, C. J., Pennsylvania, Aug., 1832,
240, 253, 259, 370
Moss & Rogers, no. 283, 570
Motelay, Leonce, nos. 585, 1676, 342
Motley, J., no. 472, 394
Mousset, J. P., no. 209, 394
Mueller, C. H., 2267, 646
Muenzner, see Miinzner
Muhlenberg, Gotthilf Henry Ernest,
North America, 257
Mulford, A. Isabel, Pocatello, Aug. 25,
1892, 377
no. 1232, 377
Mutter, no. 46, 541
no. 50, 562
Mutter, Frederick (Fred), no. 148, 438,
441
no. 218, 514
no. 238, 457
nos. 525, 527, 492
no. 544 p.p., 417, 457
nos. 911, 1672, 342
no. 1194, 435
no. 1950, 533
no. 4067, 441
Mutter, Max, Havana, 435
Milliner, Michael Ferdinand, Penzing,
Sept. 6, 1876, 274
Munro, George C., Kapano, July 28,
1915, 96
nos. 122, 602, 146
no. 146, 417
nos. 450, 451, 160
nos. 464, 505, 138
Miinzner, no. 35, 576
no. 159, 640
Murdoch, John, Jr., no. 4307, 307
Murray, Richard Paget, Teror, May 13,
1892, 425
Mustafa, no. 490, 274
Mutis, Jose Celestino, no. 26, 189
Nadeaud, Jean, no. 336, 87
Nakahara, Genji, Shiringai, Aug., 1905,
394
Toroku, Sept., 1905, 394
no. 283, 425
nos. 386, 401, 394
Nanking, University of, Herb. no. 1549,
419
Nannan, no. 601, 597
Nash, George Valentine, vicin. of Clifton,
Sept. 24, 1892, 253
vicin. of Clifton, Sept. 25, 1892, 260
nos. 112, 150, 336, 230
nos. 653, 1360, 435
no. 2336, 318
no. 2495, 370
Nation, W., cultivated places, Lima,
1862, 359
Natsumura, J., Tokyo, Sept. 30, 1879,
274
Nealley, George C., no. 220, 382
no. 244, 363
Neapolitanus, Hort. Bot., cult., 479
Nebel, Tsingtau, 1899-1900, 385
Neger, Franz Wilhelm, Concepcion,
July 20, 1895, 452
Negri, Francesco, no. 2103, 286
Negri, Giovanni, no. 667, 403
Nelson, Aven, nos. 1707, 8657, 307
no. 2749 p.p., 240, 248
no. 8209, 240
no. 8656 p.p., 240, 248
Nelson, Edward William, Atlixco, July
25-Aug. 1, 1893, 342
nos. 612, 754, 4853, 342
nos. 1176 p.p., 1363, 1476 p.p., 357
no. 1300, 435
nos. 1333, 1403, 1725, 3658, 533
nos. 1412, 1561, 528
no. 1438, 336
nos. 1508, 1824, 3410, 183
no. 1796, 51 4
no. 2111, 457, 458
no. 3167, 364
no. 3220, 498
no. 3492, 443
no. 3656, 507
no. 4938, 378
no. 6868, 459
Nelson, E. W., & Edward Alphonso
Goldman, no. 7389, 338
Nelson, James Carlton, no. 4131, 307
no. 4196, 240
no. 4796, 307, 310
Neumann, Oscar, no. 79, £00, 601
no. 135, 625
Newton, Francisco, Biballa, June 3,
1883, 330
Neyraut, Edmond Jean, right bank of
Garonne River, Nov. 19, 1899, 342
Nichols, George Elwood, no. 137, 1 78, 1 79
Nicolas, Fr., Moulin d'Huexotitla, July
15, 1909, 459
no. 5557, 364
Nicholson, Thomas, Isl. Antigua, 171
Niederlein, Gustavo, Quezaltepec, Jan. 9,
1898, 183
no. 95, 463
no. 414, 486
Nitta, Kazuto, nos. 3879, 3880, 154
Nitta, Kazuto, & Henry Wiebke, nos.
3173a, 31736, 3173c, 3173d, 156
nos. 3174, 31746, 3175, 3176, 162
Nitta, Yoshimasa, nos. 4126, 4127, 4215,
118
Noe, Fiume, 370
Norris, Harry Waldo, near Ithaca, 1889,
253
Northrop, John Isaiah, & Alice R.
Northrop, no. 36, 435
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
677
Northwood & Topping, no. 3767, 143
Norton, Arthur Herbert, Nonesuch River,
Aug. 20, 1919, 324, 325
Norton, A. H., & Everett Smith, Aba-
gadassett Point, Sept. 28-30, 1919,
324
Norton, Welden, & Haren, Nonesuch
River, Sept. 25, 1924, 325
Norton, John Bitting Smith, Manhattan,
Sept. 1, 1892, 253
no. 280, 240
no. 281 p.p., 253, 260
no. 282, 307
Nutt, W. H., between Lake Tanganyika
and Lake Rukwa, 1896, 640
Nuttall, Thomas, ex herb, of, Massa-
chusetts, 22^
Hawaiian Isls., 417
Oahu, 100, 112, 122, 417
Philadelphia, 201,.
Salt River, 219
Wappatoo (Sauvies) Isl., 297, 307,
311
Odubre, F. P., San Guintin, Jan. 1, 1913,
3 9 ^
Oersted, Anders Sandoe, Volcan Irazu,
etc., 53 4
San Jose, 1845-1848, 534
Mt. Aguacate, Nov., 1846, 534
Denmark, 1865, 293
nos. 150, 182, 183
no. 181, 233
Ohlinger, L. B., no. 400, 230, 231
Oldham, Richard, no. 258, 394.
no. 259, 417
no. 411 p.p., 274, 307, 402
Olney, Stephen Thayer, Black Isl., 257
Orcutt, Charles Russell, Mexico, 1910-
1911, 443
no. 120, 418
nos. 2666, 2991, 441
nos. 3026, 5429, 418
no. 3031, 183
no. 3517, 533
nos. 3656, 4335, 443
no. 3657, 446
nos. 3714, 4076, 4125, 342
no. 3830, 176
no. 4271, 528
no. 4604, 342, 345
no. 7054, 200
Ortega, Jesus Gonzalez, nos. 5213, 6599,
479
no. 6108, 174
Orleansis, ex Hort. Duds, Paris, 1820,
334
Osgood, Wilfred Hudson, & M. P.
Anderson, no. 88, 514
Osten, Cornelius, no. 5978, 418
no. 6128, 318
Otanes, F., Umingan, Apr. 22, 1914, 394
Otto, no. 428, 471
no. 515, 183
Over, William Henry, no. 5146, 248
Overlaet, F. G., Kafakumba, Apr., 1925,
394, 425, 551, 552
Oyster, John Houck, Miami Co., July,
1883, 219
Paczoski (Pazzoski), Joseph, Pereiaslaf,
Aug. 6, 1891, 307
Pereiaslaf, Aug. 21, 1891, 274
Kamienka, July 9, 1892, 274
Borysth. Lubecz, Aug. 11, 1892, 293
Pailane, no. 558, 370
Palmer, Edward, Culiacan, Oct. 25-
Nov. 18, 1891, 479
Terr. Tepic, Jan. 5-Feb. 6, 1892, 457
nos. 3, 263, 282, 676, 443
nos. 6, 278, 1715, 479
nos. 18, 239, 291, 633, 1843, 31 8
nos. 49, 49}4 269, 348, 365, 425,
487, 516, 516 }4 676, 678, 679, 680,
683, 684, 938, 939, 940, 342
nos. 68, 192, 457
no. 95, 1 74
no. 122, 182
no. 131, 375
no. 158 p.p., 514, 522
nos. 1586is, 1117, 514
nos. 205, 923, 1631, 476
no. 268, 331
nos. 283, 674, 685, 686, 446
no. 285, 230
no. 315, 641
nos. 316, 393, 425, 426, 668, 672, 677,
682, 933, 334
nos. 358, 2062, 522
no. 420, 435
no. 440, 418
no. 612, 409, 410
nos. 634, 669, 670, 671, 342
no. 673 p.p., 443, 446, 450
no. 681, 336
nos. 713, 1116, 183
no. 756, 409
no. 782, 370
nos. 944, 1739, 343
Palmer, Ernest Jesse, no. 1480, 220
no. 8928, 214
Palmer, T. Chalkley, Chester, Sept. 9,
1896, 205
Chester, Sept. 9, 1896, 244
Pammel, Louis Hermann, no. 19, 248
nos. 84, 3851, 240
Pammel, L. H., & C. R. Ball, no. 63
p.p., 241, 244
no. 64, 249
Pammel, L. H., & R. E. Blackwood,
no. 3932, 307
Pammel, L. H., & Violet Pammel, no.
56, 249
Pampanini, Renato, Nov. 4, 1899, 343
Conegliano, Sept., 1903, 370
678 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Pappi, A., nos. 559, 584, 3047, 3097,
3128, 3191, 3871, 4101, 4209, 4268,
5787, 628
nos. 821, 3040, 4128, 6011, 7252, 7680,
8524, 403
no. 3281, 556
no. 5205, 616
no. 6105, 404
Parish, Samuel Bonsall, San Bernardino,
Oct., 1893, 318
nos. 183, 4598, 5134, 5319, 31 8
no. 6486, 418
Parish, S. B., & William Fletcher Parish,
no. 184, 418
Paris, Bot. Card, of (Hort. Paris.), ex,
cult., W7
e sem. a Dombeyo missis, 446
cult., Aug., 1823, 528
cult., Aug. 5, 1813, 528, 529
ex, Nov. 1, 1814, 331*
Park, Kwan Kee,1 Colin Potter, & D. Le
Roy Topping, no. 10295, 136
Park, K. K., & D. L. Topping, no.
10074, 122
Parker, Charles F., Camden, Sept. 25,
1867, 205
Camden, Sept. 21, 1874, 205
Parkinson, John, Mexico, 457
Parlatore, Filippo, Palermo, 241
Parlin, John Crawford, & Merritt
Lyndon Fernald, no. 958, 217
Parodi, Lorenzo R., nos. 7305, 7309, 425
no. 7787, 466
no. 8133, 463
Parry, Charles Christopher, Cibuta
Valley, July, 1852, 363
no. 31, 219
nos. 115, 605, 378
Parry, C. C., J. M. Bigelow, Charles
Wright, & Arthur Schott, no. 580,
31 8
Parry, C. C., & Edward Palmer, no. 484
p.p., 443, 446
no. 486, 489
no. 487, 343
nos. 488, 488 14 331, 332
no. 1116, 183
Pascha, Emin, Exped. of, no. 225, 588
Passarge, no. 23, 473
Patterson, Burt H., Chautauqua, Sept. 3,
1910, 260
west of Ligonier, Sept. 18, 1917, 253
Daytona, Nov. 25, 1917, 435
Orlando, Dec. 3-11, 1917, 230
Kissimmee, Dec. 7, 1917, 230, 319
Patterson, Harry Norton, vicin. Oquawka,
Sept., 216
Oquawka, 1873, 220
no. 382, 235
Paul, August Richard, Stettin, Sept. 7,
1898, 264
Paulsen, Ove, Oak Camp Station, Sept.
23, 1913, 343
no. 2141, 274
Pavon, Jose, ex herb, of, Mexico, 334
ex Peru, 359
Lima and Chancay, 358
Pazzoski, J., see J. Paczoski
Pearce, R., alt. 3,600 meters, Andes, 514
Pease, Arthur Stanley, Success Pond,
Aug. 27, 1907, 313
East Watertown, Oct. 8, 1908, 253
Champaign, Sept. 25, 1919, 250
no. 1371, 235
no. 3061, 216
no. 8645, 370
no. 12392,217
Peck, Morton Eaton, no. 277, 418
Pellanda, Giuseppe, Valley of Pompeii,
Nov. 4, 1912, 343
no. 1378, 343
Pelon., Hort., ex, Nov., 1819, 334
Penard, Eugene, no. 211, 378
Pennell, Francis Whittier, nos. 2142,
2405, 51 4
nos. 3571, 6622, 224
no. 6625, 260
no. 8858, 189
nos. 13361, 13361a, 13881, 515
nos. 13555, 14240, 14730, 497
no. 13603, 435
Penther, A., no. 1223, 435
Perdonnet, Gustave, no. 345, 418
Perrot, along Cuyaba River, Apr. 22,
1899, 463
Persaud, A. C., no. 112, 471
Petelot, A., no. 129, 425
no. 1211, 394
Peter, Brother, Halifax, 244
Peter, Robert, Lexington, Sept., 1833,
253
Petermann, vicin. of Leipsic, 274
Peters, John Ellsworth, May's Landing,
Oct. 12, 1887, 224
Peters, Wilhelm, nos. 8, 79, 425
no. 57, 543
Petersen, K., Christiania, 1888, 274
Petersen, N. E., & Joh. Lange, no. 68,
293
Petit, Antonio, Abyssinia, 402, 616
Abyssinia, 1862, 623
Chire, 616
no. 587, 616
Petrak, Franz, no. 1-95, 307
no. 691, 274
no. VII.692, 307
Pfianz, K., nos. 106, 205, 441, 466, 497
nos. 107, 204, 403, 515
no. 406 p.p., 501, 520
1 A young Korean collector who has used several names, the first being Young
Tark Park and the present, James K. K. Park.
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
679
Pfund, no. 204, 402
Philippi, Prov. Tarapaca, comm. 1888,
£18, 421
Philippi, Frederick, Valparaiso, 1894,
452
no. 217, 509
Philippi, R. A., Prov. Concepcion,
1862, 318
Pickering, Charles, near Bombay, 1844-
1845, 370
Piemeisel, R.L., & Leonard W. Kephart,
no. 695, 584
Pierron, P. Edwin, Westmoreland Co.,
Sept. 3, 1877, 253
Westmoreland Co., Sept. 7, 1877,
248
Pilger, Robert, no. 505, 1+63
Pincherle, E., near Tunis, Jan. 21, 1895,
^35
Pirotta, Romualdo, Valle la Veniera, 286
Pitard, Charles Joseph, no. 189, 425
Pitcher, Zina, Arkansas, 219, 220
Pittier, Emilio, no. 112, 183
Pittier, Henri Francois, nos. 683, 684,
980, 3031, 6990, 425
no. 742, 534
nos. 1337, 3087, 515
no. 1432, 189
nos. 1838, 5912, 8243, 11250, 183
nos. 4362, 9140, 418
nos. 4528, 9140, 407
no. 4839, 471
no. 6990, 435
no. 10222, 408
no. 14070, 535
Pittier, H. F., & Adolphe Tonduz, no.
8724, 418
Poeppig, Eduard Friedrich, wet mead-
ows, Pennsylvania, Aug., 1824, 241
Tuscarora Mt., Sept., 1824, 370
Cove Creek, Sept., 1824, 318
mts. above Casapi, 1829, 168
Cochero, 1830, 435
no. 207, 455
no. 1376, 515
no. 1377, 521, 522
no. 1378, 515, 520
no. 1548 p.p., 522
no. 1569, 418
no. 1715, 168
Pohl, Olio d'Agua, 202
nos. 413, 1698, 481
nos. 605, 4382, 202
Poiteau, Santo Domingo, 1802, 471
Poldk, Karl, Lake Duda, Aug., 1877,
293
Polakowsky, Hellmuth, no. 362, 425
Pollard, Charles Louis, no. 688, 370
Pollard, C. L., Guy N. Collins, & E. L.
Morris, no. 59, 435
Pollem, Mairlot, Belgium, Sept. 28,
1901, 307
Pollock, W. M., Upshur Co., Aug. 28,
1895, 253
Ponson, Rio de Janeiro, 1828, 463
Poole, Silas Frank, no. 80, 307
no. 118, 216
Porter, Thomas Conrad, Chestnut Hill,
Sept. 22, 253
Delaware River, near Easton, Sept.
14, 1869, 236
Delaware River, near Easton, Sept.
27, 1869, 236
Budd's Lake, Sept. 15, 1875, 236
Easton, Sept. 27, 1875, 236
Budd's Lake, Sept. 19, 1878, 224
Delaware River, above Easton, Oct.
1, 1886, 236
Easton, Oct. 3, 1887, 370
above Easton, Sept. 5, 1899, 257
Pot Rock, Sept. 7, 1899, 257
Tinicum, Sept. 12, 1900, 216
Potanin, G. N., about Kuku-hoton, Aug.
23, 1884, 274
Kuku-hoton, Aug. 25, 1884, 274
Taituhai, Aug. 30, 1884, 307
Paiho River below She-pu, July, 1885,
385
Prov. Szetschuan, July 14, 1885, 370
Valley of River Toiho, July 17, 1885,
370
Distr. Naitiha, Sept. 11, 1885, 385
near Naitiha, Sept. 11, 1885, 370
Lake Orok-nor, Sept. 1, 1886, 307
Powell, H., no. 6, 602
Preissman, Ernest, Poltschach, Aug. 26,
1881, 307
Marienbad, Aug. 15, 1915, 274
Pretz, Harold William, no. 1644, 216
nos. 9112, 10513, 248
no. 10288, 257
no. 11220, 253
no. 11221, 241
no. 11536, 318
Preuss, P., no. 1417, 51 5
Prince, Frau Hauptmann, Utschungwe
Mts., 1899, 567
Pring, G. H., no. 10, 476
no. 31, 452
no. 97, 515
Pringle, Cyrus Guernsey, Santa Catalina
Mts., May 9, 1883, 343
Santa Catalina Mts., May 9, 1884,
343
Santa Catalina Mts., June 16, 1884,
343
near Tula, Sept. 16, 1899, 446
no. 18, 363
nos. 62, 1574, 365
nos. 136, 758, 334
no. 193, 435
no. 293, 336, 337
no. 534, 365, 370
no. 757 p.p., 337
680 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
no. 758, 343, 345
nos. 1287, 1636, 378
nos. 1288, 1289, 1637, 11487 M. 382
nos. 1290, 1291, 13032, 446
no. 1638, 446, 450
no. 2348, 641
no. 3373, 183
nos. 3596, 6598, 533
nos. 3661, 4313, 11488, 528
no. 4915, 498, 515
no. 5848, 535
no. 5999, 446, 450
no. 6050, 357
nos. 6477, 11489, 387
nos. 6783, 8749, 343
no. 6784, 364
no. 6820, W
no. 6924, 490
no. 7368, 318
nos. 7895, 7908, 8255, 508
nos. 7904, 446, 450
no. 7924, 515
no. 8844, 1*88
no. 9859, 443
nos. 10109, 13420, 361
no. 10130, ±92
no. 11340, ^56, 1*58
no. 11486, 492, 493
no. 11487, 331
no. 11490, 641
no. 11822 p.p., 352, 353
Prior, see E. C. Alexander (his earlier
name)
Prodan, near Bezdan, Sept., 1914, 283
Provost, A., no. 34, 385
Przewalski (Przhevalski), Nikolay, Lake
Khanka, 293 •
Puchtler, Wolfgang, nos. 825, 1720, 307
Purdie, Manchester, Nov., 1873, 171
Purpus, Carl Albert, Mt. Ixtaccihuatl,
1903, 528
Mt. Ixtaccihuatl, Feb., 1903, 533
Sierra de Parras, Mar., 1905, 443, 446
Esperanza, 1907 and 1909, 493
Esperanza, Aug., 1907, 492
San Luis Tultitlanapa, Aug., 1908,
418
no. 1544 p.p., 443, 449, 533
nos. 1545, 1546, 1*98
no. 1547, 498
no. 1548 p.p., 498, 515
no. 1549, 343
no. 1648, 492, 493
no. 1905, 443
no. 2637, 498, 575
no. 3037, 492
no. 3109, 535
no. 3633, 183
no. 3634, 492, 493
no. 3828, 343
no. 4135, 498, 515
no. 4429, 360
no. 5089 p.p., 498, 508, 515
no. 5126, 346
no. 5620, 498, 515
nos. 6668, 6945, 531
no. 6679, 530
no. 8116, 378
Quartin-Dillon, Abyssinia, 616
Memsa, 402
Quartin-Dillon & Antonio Petit, Memsa,
402
Quayle, E. H., Mt. Aorai, Aug. 1-3,
1922 91
nos. 1066, 1149, 115
no. 1235, 78
no. 1588, 76
no. 1600, 92
Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel, Ap-
palachian Mts. in Alabama, 230,
257
Arkansas, 244
Cumberland Mts., 1823, 370
North America, Aug., 1828, 241
Ragazzi, V., nos. 244, 3360, 3860, 628
Raimondi, A., no. 3906, 198
no. 7198, 196
Raimooser, Paraguay, 463
Raine, F., near Dormans, Sept. 3, 1905,
307
Rainier-Kesslitz, Nagasaki, July, 1886,
394
Ramos, Maximo L., Prov. Ilocos Norte,
Mar. 8, 1909, 394
Dupax, May 16, 1909, 394
Umuguten, May 18, 1909, 394
no. 5537, 281
no. 5550, 425
no. 30167, 394
Raunkiaer, Christen, LaCumbre, Apr. 8,
1906, 467
no. 1004, 471
no. 1005, 467
no. 1083, 435
Rautaner, no. 75, 394
Rechinger, Karl, & Lily Rechinger, nos.
2043, 2139, ±18
no. 3636, 394
Reed, Edwyn C,, ex herb, of, Juan Fer-
nandez, Oct., 1872, 452
no. 142, 501
Regel, Varposka, 307
Zurich, 1842, 636
Regel, A., Ala-tau, Sept., 1876, 274
Kara Kul, Sept., 1876, 274
Regnell, Anders Fredric, Caldas, Jan.
25, 1876, 482
no. 1-193 p.p., 196, 197
no. 11.164, 202
no. III.777, 4^8
no. III.778 p.p., 463, 466
no. III.778a, 466
no. III.779, 482
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
681
Reineck, Eduard Martin, Porto Alegre,
Nov., 1898, 457
City of Telotas, Nov., 1903, 435
Reinecke, no. 22, 418
Reinsch, Paul Friedrich, no. 304, 274
Remy, Jules, Hawaii, 138
no. 2586ts, 31 8
no. 278, 165
nos. 279, 283, 122
no. 280, 147, 149
no. 281, 146
no. 282, 149
no. 285, 138
no. 287, 155
no. 288, 162
no. 289, 158
no. 290, 152
Reverchon, Julian, Dallas, Sept., 1876,
31 8
nos. 518, 518a, 3355, 3355a, 318
no. 519, 241
no. 2075, 370
Rheinwardt, Isl. Bima, 399
Richard, Louis Claude, ex herb, of,
French Guiana, 407
French Guiana, 471
Richter, Aladdr, between Taga and
Sucutard, Aug. 30, 1901, 275
Cluj, Sept. 23, 1901, 307
Ricksecker, Alfred Edmund, no. 13, 472
no. 473, ^18
Ricksecker, Mrs. Joseph J. (Mrs. Leo-
nora Agnes), no. 129, 472
Ridgway, Robert, Olney, Sept. 2, 1914, 21 7
nos. 77, 95, 21 8
Ridley, Lea, & Ramage, suburbs of
Pernambuco, July 13, 1887, 475
Riedel, Ludung, commun., cult. 1815, 637
nos. 138z, 2122, 196
no. 506, 203
no. 553, 485
Riedel, Ludung, & George Heinrich von
Langsdorff, no. 206, 196
Riedel, Ludwig, & D. Lund, Brazil, 202
nos. 883, 984, 2221, 481
no. 2326, 202
Riva, Domenico, nos. 85, 1306, 596
nos. 1244, 1447, 562
Rivet, nos. 29, 245, 454
nos. 134, 147, 156, 209, 373, 654, 756,
515
nos. 261, 614, 435
nos. 924, 2220, 189
Roberti, Lucca, Aug., 1876, 241
Robertson, J., no. 106, 418
Robinson, Benjamin Lincoln, Hancock,
Sept. 13, 1899, 307
Phillips, Aug. 4, 1903, 241
no. 361, 241
no. 400, 307
no. 557, 248
Robinson, Charles Budd, nos. 31 , 9177, 394
Robyns, Walter, no. 2004, 374, 375
no. 2280, 571
Rock, Joseph Francis Charles, no. 8008,
96
no. 8200, 146
no. 8310, 151
no. 8351, 152
no. 8633, 139
no. 10291, 165
Rogers, Mrs. E. E., no. 259, 21 4
Rogers, F. A., nos. 6001, 7707, 8007,
13225, 556
nos. 8048, 25123, 394
no. 10046, 614
no. 10956, 380
no. 20104, 570
no. 23904, 418
no. 25123, 370
Rohlena, Josef, Bar, Aug., 1910, 284
Rohr, no. 55, 402
Rohr, J. P. B. von, St. Croix, 472
Rojas, Teodoro, no. 273, 435
no. 9888, 485
no. 10260, 481
Rolfs, Peter Henry, no. 335, 370
Holland, Fr., no. 15460, 327
Rome, Royal Garden of (Reg. Hort.
Roman.), e sem. ab A. Terracciano
et A. Pappio sub num. 4713 et 4766
lectis, 556
Rood, A. N., Warren, Sept. 11, 1911, 216
Rose, Joseph Nelson, no. 2530, 331 , 33-4
no. 2605, 331
no. 2636, 435
no. 2995, 343
Rose, J. N., & wife, no. 18740 p.p.,
359, 425
no. 19114, 452
Rose, J. N., & William Reed Fitch, no.
17964, 318
Rose, J. N., W. R. Fitch, & Paul
George Russell, no. 3425, 171, 173
no. 4237, 435
Rose, J. N., & Robert Hay, no. 5812, 492
no. 5828, 443
no. 6039 p.p., 508, 515
Rose, J. N., & Joseph Hannum Painter,
no. 6638, 435
no. 6666, 498, 522
no. 7781, 443
no. 7782, 446
no. 7844, 528
no. 7881, 492
no. 7949 p.p., 498, 515, 522
Rose, J. N., J. H. Painter, & Joseph
Sims Rose, no. 9184, 522
no. 9917, 435
no. 10061, 457
Rose, J. N., P. C. Standley, & P. G.
Russell, nos. 12932, 14673, 14907,
479
nos. 13405, 13584, 443
682 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Ross, Hermann, no. 501, 515
Ross, J., nos. 137, 286, 385
Rosthorn, A. V., no. 1049, 275
Rothrock, Joseph Trimble, Spy Pond,
Sept. 20, 1864, 224
Manatee Co., Feb. 25, 1887, 436
alt. 1,125 meters, Blue Mts., Dec. 12,
1890, 178
no. 297, 436
no. 458, 178
no. 671, 331*
no. 705, 343, 345
Rothschuh, Ernesto, Canada Yasica,
Feb. 20, 1894, 418
no. 244, 4^8
Rottenbach, Heinrich, Berlin, Sept. 26,
1896, 264
Rtidersdorf, Sept. 19, 1898, 241, 264
Rousseau, Jacques, nos. 21208, 21209,
#44
no. 25346, 329
Rovirosa, Jose N., nos. 70, 688, 183
Rowlee, Willard Winfield, & Harvey
Elmer Stork, no. 842, 457
Roxburgh, William, India, 280
Royle, John Forbes, no. 171, 3P4
Rugel, Ferdinand, near St. Marks,
Aug., 1833, 230
near Portsmouth, Aug., 1840, 318
near Portsmouth, Sept., 1840, 370
valley at Broad River, July, 1841, 370
French Broad River near Dandridge,
Sept., 1842, 307
no. 257, 370
no. 278, 230, 232
nos. 360, 547, 633, 230
no. 448, 253 .
no. 483, 230, 231
Ruiz, Don Hippolyte, Joseph Pavon, &
Joseph Dombey, no. 977, 509, 510
Riippell, Eduard, Abyssinia, 1831 or
1832, 628
Siemen, Aug. or Sept., 1832, 61 7
Rusby, Henry Hurd, no. 1619, 418
no. 1620, 426
no. 1642, 183
nos. 1685, 2129, 516
no. 1686, 501
nos. 1687, 1688, 497
Rusby, H. H., & Francis Whittier
Pennell, no. 147, 472
no. 647, 200
Rusby, H. H., & Roy W. Squires, no.
232, 418
Ruspoli, Eugenio, Exped. of, nos. 85,
1306, 596
nos. 1244, 1447, 562
Russell, Padre A., no. 218, 196
Ruth, Albert, Knoxville, Aug., 1895, 370
no. 32, 253
no. 63, 260
no. 600,370
Ryan, Montserrat, 171, 436
Rydberg, Per Axel, no. 1642, 224
nos. 1696, 9646, 307
no. 1707, 244
no. 8212, 370
no. 9648, 308
no. 9649, 262
Sabransky, Heinrich, Ebersdorf, Aug.,
1908, 308
Safford, William Edwin, no. 1391, 446,
450
Sagot, Paul, no. 351, 473
Saida, K., Tokyo, 425
Saint Hilaire, see de Saint Hilaire
Saint John, Harold, no. 1345, 260
nos. 10154, 11193, 108
nos. 11128, 13999, 14000, 137
no. 11181, 100
no. 12250, 134
no. 12983, 122
no. 13123, 149
no. 15003, 90
nos. 15683, 15688, 164
no. 17398, 87
Saint John, Harold, et al., no. 10947, 132
Saint John, H., R. S. Bean, & E. Y.
Hosaka, no. 11239, 118
St. John, Coulter, Hashimoto, Lindsay,
& Mitchell, no. 11404, 138
St. John, Harold, & Francis Raymond
Fosberg, no. 12178, 134
nos. 13454, 13459, 13465, 122
nos. 13965, 13975, 132
no. 15107, 82
nos. 15155, 15171, 84
nos. 15173, 15183, 83
no. 17068, 94
Saint John, H., F. R. Fosberg, & V.
Oliveira, no. 13699, 165
Saint John, Harold, & G. S. Torrey,
no. 891, 260
Salazar, Antonio E., no. 387, 476
Salle, Charles, Orizaba region, 436
Orizaba, 343
Orizaba, 1854-1855, 4^8
Villa Alta, 516
nos. 136, 137, 151, 436
nos. 443, 444, 183
Salm, S., Konigswart, Oct. 8, 1910, 293
Salvin, Osbert, Volcan de Fuego, Aug.,
Volcande Fuego, 1873-1874, 343
Volcan de Fuego, Oct. 20, 1873-1874,
522
Volcan de Fuego, Nov. 17, 1873, 516
Salvin, Osbert, & F. Ducane Godman,
summit of Volcan de Agua, 1861,
526
no. 74, 522
no. 294, 183
Salzmann, Philip, about Bahia, 1830,
462
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
683
Sandberg, John Herman, Hennepin Co.,
Aug., 1889, 22k
Ramsey Co., Aug., 1890, 262, 263
no. 919, 260
nos. 929, 6009, 262
no. 985, 308
Sandberg, J. H., D. T. MacDougal, &
A. A. Heller, no. 914, 248
Sandman, J. Alb., no. 386, 308
Sandvik, southeastern Finland, Aug. 6,
1861, 308
Sargent, Charles Sprague, no. 26, 501
Sargent, Herbert Eugene, no. 73, 260
no. 74, 308
no. 76, 2^1
Sartorius, Carl, Mirador, 183
Sauliere, A., Kodai-kanal, 426
nos. 26, 156, 436
Saunders, Miss E. M., Punjab, 394
Savatier, Ludwig, Canruru, 452
no. 570, 383
no. 621, 394
Savi, Pietro, no. 3627, 241
Scaetta, H., no. 197, 579
no. 427, 591
no. 2272, 379
nos. 2286, 2294, 541
Scammon, Franklin, Chicago, Sept.,
1860, 224
Schaffner, mountainous places, Sept.,
1855, 492
nos. 233, 253, 31 8
no. 252, 528
no. 293, 492
Schaffner, J. G. (often cited as Wilhelm),
near Culiacan, Oct., 476
on mts. and in cultivated places,
Mexico, 1880, 443
near San Angel, Sept., 1855, 334
no. 168, 343
nos. 187, 228, 232a, 533
no. 202 p.p., 331, 332, 334
no. 203 p.p., 331, 332, 489
nos. 205, 205a, 2056, 44?
no. 206 p.p., 443, 447
no. 213, 334
no. 239, 443
no. 383, 419
nos. 384a, 3846, 343
no. 529, 479
Schlanbusch, Fr., vicin. of Alingsas,
July, 1893, 275
Scheerer, Otto, Luakan, Apr., 1913, 394
Schenck, H., no. 459, 492
nos. 3398, 3481, 196
no. 4095, -477
Scherzer, San Jose, 419
Volcan de Pacaya, Aug., 1854, 343,
354
Volcan de Santa Maria, Aug., 1854,
516
no. 853, 186, 198
Schickendantz, F., Prov. Catamarca, 499
no. 16, 383
no. 57, 463
no. 127, 426
no. 139, 497
no. 200, 497, 499
no. 201, 501
Schiede, Christian Julius Wilhelm, cold
region, Mexico, Oct., 1835, 528
between Las Trojes and Hacienda de
la Trinidad, Oct., 430
near Angangueo, Oct., 343, 508, 516,
528, 531, 533
near Angangueo, Nov., 1829, 535
Angangueo, Nov., 1829, 528
near Tepeyahualco, Sept., 1829, 492
Tepeyahualco, 494
no. 342, 516
no. 344, 436
Schiede, C. J. W., & Ferdinand Deppe,
near Vera Cruz, about 1828, 438, 441
Schilling, no. 67, 556
Schimper, Wilhelm Philipp, mts. at
Dewari, Oct. 2, 1863, 623
Valley of Repp River, Oct. 2, 1863,
618
no. 105, 401
nos. 196, 285, 288, 305, 321, 912, 1427,
1475, 1986, 2181, 2324, 402
nos. 201, 304, 949, 556
no. 329, 621
no. 332, 615
nos. 337, 2328, 404
no. 729, 405
no. 766, 629
no. 1078, 629
no. 1429, 555
no. 11-578, 629
no. V-706a, 619
no. V-706B, 617
Schindler, Anton K., nos. 210a, 247, 394
no. 430, 436
Schlagintweit, no. 866, 275
Schlechter (Friedrich Reichardt) Rudolph,
no. 2133, 426
nos. 4568, 17523, 395
no. 4745, 570
Schlieben, H. J., no. 1065, 556
no. 74, 576
Schlim, L., no. 113, 419
no. 255, 183, 189
no. 4066, 516
Schmidt, Major Friedrich, Sakhalin Isl.,
1860, 293
Schmidt, Justus, no. 4107, 264
Schmitz, Alb., Valley of Mexico, 318,
492
along railroad from Guadalupe, 334
no. 79, 343
no. 80 p.p., 443, 447
nos. 81, 251, 443
no. 394, 528
684 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
no. 395, 533
no. 541 p.p., 343, 447
nos. 542, 629, 444
Schneider, Camilla Karl, no. 1018, 284
Schnyder, no. 913, 319
Schomburgk, Robert Hermann, no. 121,
436
no. 161, 395
no. 455 p.p., 419, 473
Schott, Arthur, Arroyo San Felipe, 319
nos. 118, 533, 436
no. 145, 184
Schottmueller (Schottmuller) , nos. 219,
445, 395
no. 349, 385
Schrader, A., no. 127, 224
no. 129, 253
Schreiber, Matthias, St. Anton, Sept. 20,
1909, 370
no. 5091, 370
Schrenk, Sungaria, 275
Schrenk, Joseph, Jersey City, Oct., 1879,
436
Weehawken, 1884, 22 4
Schuette, Joachim Heinrich, Green Bay,
249
Cedar Swamp, Aug. 17, 1878, 224
Ashwabenon, Aug. 26, 1878, 250
Green Bay Marsh, Sept. 7, 1897, 250
Schultz Bipontinus, Carl Heinrich, Er-
langen, 1826, 275
cult., Dec. 6, 1856, 402
Schumacher, ex herb, of, cult, in Hort.
Hafniae ann. 1808, 385
Schumann, Peilau, Sept., 1870, 293
Peilau, Sept., 1872, 293
Peilau, Sept., 1874, 293
Schumann, Walther, nos. 6, 108, 334
nos. 10 p.p., 12, 444
no. 109, 335
no. 110, 489
Schunke, Carlos, no. 1425, 472
Schiich, no. 1824, 196
Schur, Philipp Johann Ferdinand, near
Briinn, 279
no. 2001a, etc., 275, 279
no. 112255, 279
Schwacke, Wilhelm, no. 9317, 196
Schwarz, August, no. 1466, 293
Schweinfurth, A., Nijni-Novgorod, July,
1863, 275
Schweinfurth, Georg August, no. 112, 426
nos. 296, 461, 2240, 395
no. 417, 556
no. 419 p.p., 402, 426
nos. 420, 1619, 1643, 402
no. 2596, 406
no. 11-27, 613
Schweinfurth, G. A., & Domenico Riva,
nos. 458, 477, 402
no. 804, 403
no. 2119, 628
Schweinitz, Lewis David von, Salem, 253
Scott, Hugh, Mt. Chillalo, Nov., 1926,
61 6
Scotti, Sing, Ghinda, 1893, 628
Scouler, John, Strait of Juan de Fuca,
297
Scovell, Josiah Thomas, & Howard
Walton Clark, no. 1225, 308
Scribner, Frank Lamson, Girard Point,
Aug. 30, 1880, 319
no. 108, 308
Seaton, Henry Eliason, no. 272, 492, 494
no. 419, 457
no. 497, 492
Seemann, Berthold, loco non dicto, 447
Panama, 184, 477
no. 270 p.p., 395, 419
no. 669, 516
no. 686, 190, 196
no. 2047, 419
no. 2265, 426
no. 2268, 122
Seiner, F., no. 509, 402
Selby, Augustin Dawson, no. 6, 257
Selby, A. D., & Joseph William Tell
Duvel, no. 1261, 308
no. 1266, 308
Seler, Eduard, Sierra Chica, Apr. 1,
1910, 520
no. 66, 319
no. 123, 516
Seler, Eduard, & Caecilie Seler, no. 175,
436
nos. 308, 572, 579, 1142, 444
nos. 444, 475, 343
nos. 560, 1303, 528
no. 682, 457
no. 1184 p.p., 447, 459
no. 1277, 319
nos. 2376, 3021, 516
no. 2534, 419
nos. 2692, 2694, 426
no. 2928, 533
no. 3021, 520
no. 4081, 216
Sello (Sellow), Friedrich, Brazil, 463
nos. 590, 4548, 184, 196
no. 607, 464
nos. 1104, 5670, 196
Sennen, Fr. (Etienne Gamier), no. 2687,
275
Sennen, Fr., & Fr. Septimin, no. 178
p.p., 275, 284
Seret, F., no. 306, 597
Sesse, Martin, Jose Mariano Mocino,
Castillo, & Maldonado, no. 2915
(=1724), 1 75
Setchell, William Albert, & Clara B.
Setchell, near Huehue, June 24,
1924, 104
Seymour, Frank Conkling, no. 8, 241
no. 9, 260
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
685
no. 87, 308
no. 1550, 257
Shafer, John Adolph, Prov. La Habana,
Apr. 2, 1903, 472
Pinar del Rio, Apr. 25, 1903, 436
Pittsburgh, Aug. 16, 1885, 370
Presque Isle, Sept. 9-12, 1900, 260
no. 30, ^36
nos. 319, 8943, 171
nos. 2439, 4334, 12071, 472
Shaffer, Charles, Spotswood Dam, Sept.
18, 1871, 224
Shakespear, Roger, Jamaica, 171
Jamaica, 1777, 200
Shannon, W. C., no. 3691, 516
Shear, Cornelius Lott, no. 4587, 363
no. 4946, 378
Sheldon, Edmund Perry, Lake Benton.
Aug., 1891, 248
University Park, Sept. 14, 1902, 308
Sherff, Earl Edward, cult, ex Harrisio
12302, 176
nos. 1747, 1997, 224
no. 1803, 260
no. 1830, 248
no. 1871, 241
nos. 2029, 2047, 308
-no. 2032 p.p., 21 4, 216
no. 2043, 426, 428
no. 2046, 253
nos. 3082, 3084, 3084a, 30846, 3085*.
3086, 76
nos. 3083, 3085, 3090, 74
Shimada, Y., Schichiseizan, Sept., 1916,
280
Ship-man, E. F., Benton Co., Aug.,
1876, 224
Short, Charles Wilkins, bottom of dried
mill pond, 253
Fernbank, 224
rich soils, Lexington, 1835, 224
marshes around Louisville, 1835, 224
wet prairies of Illinois, 1837, 214
marshes, Kentucky, 1840, 224
Rock Isl., 1840, 253
no. 50, 371
Shreve, Forrest, higher altitudes, Cin-
chona, Nov., 1905, 199
Cinchona, Oct. 25, 1906, 178
Dover Bridge, Sept. 16, 1907, 224
no. 401, 224
no. 5386, 378
Shreve, Forrest, & W. R. Jones, no.
1304, 230, 231
Shull, George Harrison, no. 356, 224
nos. 380, 398 M, 319
no. 399, 206
no. 399 Yi, 260
no. 400, 241
Sieber, Franz Xavier, no. 330, 419
no. 331, 171
Sihestri, C., nos. 2556, 2557, 2558, 385
Simmons, Hermann Georg, Augusten-
hof, Aug. 11, 1893, 308
Simony, Oskar, plain of Kalansije, Jan.
14, 1899, 371
Sinclair, Andrew, 184
San Bias, 457
Sinclair, Mrs. Francis, Jr., Hawaiian
Isls., 165
Sintenis, Paul (Ernst Emil), nos. 27,
1978, 4226, 4651, 5072, 472
nos. 27C, 3591, 474
no. 387, 174
nos. 3876 p.p., 2919, 5576, 171
nos. 391, 4653, 419
no. 1119, 284
nos. 1148, 5173, 6779, 436
no. 1390, 371
no. 1832, 308
no. 3787, 473
Sintenis Brothers, Pristav, Sept. 18,
1872, 284
no. 419, 284
Skene, Edith, no. 139, 436
Skottsberg, Carl Johan Frederik, nos.
153, 1536, 1776, 1859, 108
no. 262, 137
no. 387, 134
nos. 924, 1135, 154
nos. 1954, 1955, 19556, 104
no. 2092, 118
Small, John Kunkel, Wetzel's Swamp,
Sept., 1887, 320
Dillerville Swamp, Oct., 1888, 319
northeastern West Virginia, Aug. 22,
1890, 371
vicin. of Marion, July 22-Aug. 2,
1892, 371
Pleasant Grove, Oct., 1903, 308
Small, J. K., & Joel Jackson Carter,
nos. 957, 1459, 319
Small, J. K., & Arthur Middleton Huger,
Chimney Rock to Hendersonville,
Oct. 3, 1901, 308
Small, J. K., & G. V. Nash, the Ever-
glades, Nov. 1-9, 1901, 319
Small, J. K., & G. K. Small, nos. 4254,
4324, 4424, 4482, 319
Small, W., no. 1192, 602, 603
Smart, no. 411, 343, 345
Smith, Aubrey Henry, near Philadelphia,
#44
Tinicum, Sept., 1866, 319
Gray's Ferry, Sept. 23, 1866, 253
Tinicum, Oct., 1866, 205
tidal marsh, Tinicum, Sept. 23, 1867,
205
below Philadelphia, Sept. 24, 1867,
205
near Philadelphia, Sept.-Oct., 1868,
244
near Philadelphia, Sept. and Oct.,
1869, 243, 244
686 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Delaware River, Sept., 1870, 319
no. 59 p.p., 205, 21*1
Smith, A. H., T. C. Porter, & J. Leidy,
Tinicum Isl., Sept. 8, 1868, 221*
Smith, Benjamin Hayes, Cherry Creek,
Aug. 24, 1884, 308
Ojo Caliente, Aug. 26, 1893, 25S
Ojo Caliente, Aug. 25, 1894, 253
Smith, Charles Eastwick, Tinicum, 244
Smith, Charles L., Isl. Ometepe, Jan.,
1893, 477
nos. 298, 587, 633, 184
no. 299, 528
no. 300, 516
no. 357, 535
nos. 1501, 1521, ±36
Smith, C. S., Kilimanjaro, May, 1893,
585
Smith, Ernest Charles, no. 537, 2±8
Smith, Herbert Huntington, Santa
Marta, 1898-1901, ±36
no. 512, 407
no. 519, 18±
nos. 598, 599, 1*19
nos. 600, 601, ±72
no. 1980, 516, 523
no. 2668, ±36
no. 6041, 2±1
no. 6064, 2±9
Smith, H. H., & George Whitfield Smith,
no. 305, ±72
no. 1220, 171
Smith, John Donnell, near Jackson,
Sept. 6, 1885, 21 ±
no. 16, 230
no. 2350, ±1 9
no. 2354, 18± •
no. 2375, 508
Smith, Jared Gage, Mexico, 1892, ±92
Smith, Lyman B., no. 2301, 196
Smith, Lucius C., alt. 1,800 meters,
Rancho de Calderon, Sept. 10,
1894, 18±
no. 224, 528
no. 304, 3±3
no. 857, 531
no. 910, 3±±
Smith, Uselma C., Georgiana, Jan. 24,
1891, ±36
no. 657, 319
Snodgrass, R. E., & E. Heller, nos. 92,
316, 338, 380, 420, 732, 477
no. 887, ±52
Snowden, J. D., no. 28, 602, 603
no. 158, 58±
no. 411, 631
Sodiro, A., near Pomasqui, Feb., 1896,
±52, ±5±
no. 486, ±52
nos. 2313, 4311, 4312, 516
no. 4314, ±26
Soils, Fernando, no. R.460, 196
Soma, Teisuke, Schichiseizan, Mar.,
1916, 280
Somes, Melvin Philip, no. 3832, 220
Sommier, Stephano, Vicopelago, Oct.,
1874, 2±1
Speke, Captain John Hanning, &
Captain J. A. Grant, no. 406, 5±1
no. 448, 540
Spencer, Mary F., Taormina, Jan.-
Feb., 1904, ±26
Spreadborough, William, mouth of Sal-
mon River, Aug. 27, 1904, 308
Spruce, Richard, nos. 651, 829, ±72
no. 4610, 456
no. 5047, 522
no. 5048, 516
no. 5049, 516, 522
no. 5894, 516, 522
Stabler, Louise Merrill, Port Chester,
Aug. 25, 1887, 371
Standley, Paul Carpenter, nos. 4862,
5002, 6308, 6503, 7145, 7926, 40583,
378
nos. 5373, 8514, 8771, 371
nos. 5614, 9006, 9308, 9816, 2±9
nos. 8321, 9049, 9455, 220
nos. 9853, 9869, 253
nos. 19096, 20220, 21844, 22603, 18±
no. 23977, ±19
Standley, P. C., & H. C. Bollman, no.
10274, 230
no. 11107, 378
Staunton, George, China, 385
Prov. Chekiang, 395
between Peking & Jehpl, 385
Steele, Edward Strieby, Distr. Columbia,
1896, 2±1, 253, 260, 308, 319, 371
Distr. Columbia, 1899, 236, 253, 260
Distr. Columbia, Sept. 7, 1902, 2±1
Distr. Columbia, Oct. 2, 1902, 2±9
Great Falls, Sept. 18, 1899, 21 ±
Steele, Edward Strieby, & wife, vicin.
Aurora, Sept. 11, 1898, 260
no. 215, 2±9
no. 219, 308
no. 226, 253
Stefano, see Moricand
Steinbach, Jose, no. 5584, 1 96
Stevens, Frank Lincoln, no. 6359, ±72
Stevens, F. L., & W. E. Hess, no. 4278,
171
no. 4873, 175
Stevens, George Walter, no. 2249, 371
nos. 2430, 2544, 2991 H, 220
Stevens, William Chase, Lawrence, 220
Stevenson, John A., Garrochales, Dec. 6,
1914, 172
Stewart, Alban, Valparaiso, ±52
no. 716, ±52
no. 743, 477
Stewart, James Torrence, Illinois, 22±
Peoria, 1869, 22 ±, 227
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
687
Stewart, Ralph R., no. 10056, 281
Stocks, John Ellerton, no. 608, 402
Stokes, John F. G.t Kaali, Jan., 1912,
113, 419
Niihau, Jan., 1912, 142
Kolekole Pass, 1915, 15k
cliffs at Puunui, Dec., 1915, 112
no. 3406, 151*
Stoliczka, vicin. of Islamabad, 308
Stolitzka, Prov. Kulu, Sept. 7-20, 1864,
371
India, 1866, 371
Stolz, Ad., no. 627, 426
no. 729, 545
no. 764 p. p., 6^0
no. 1442, 380
Stone, Witmer, Fish House, Sept. 18,
1908, 205
nos. 6236, 10725, 10860, 10908,
11052, 260
nos. 10803, 10907, 241
nos. 10818, 10820, 10824, 254
no. 10823, 257
Stordy, R. J., hills above Abancai, 516
Valley of Anta, 516
no. 23, 436
Strachey, Richard, & James Edward
Winterbottom, no. 1, 371
no. 2, 426
no. 3, 281
Stribrny, Venceslaus, Sadovo, May 28,
1893, 284
Sadovo, Aug., 1893, 284
Sadovo, Sept. 3, 1893, 284
Sadovo, Aug., 1894, 284
Sadovo, Sept. 15, 1896, 284
Sadovo, Sept. 27, 1896, 284
Sadovo, Oct., 1906, 284
Sadovo, Sept. 10, 1898, 284
Strobl, Gabriel, Admont, June, 1876, 308
Stiibel, A., nos. 12, 536, 676, 102c, 254,
298a, 516
no. 436 p.p., 516, 520
no. 54a, 508
no. lOla, 189
no. 143 p.p., 508, 516
no. 338o, 517
Stuckert, Teodoro, nos. 9215, 9469,
13077, 463
Stuhlmann, Franz Ludwig, no. 225, 588
no. 1649, 598
no. 2120, 544
nos. 2908, 8529, 395
no. 4156, 545
nos. 6403, 7584, 8470, 566
nos. 8912, 9265, 576
no. 9624, 426
Styles, Chile, 319, 426, 452
Suksdorf, Wilhelm Nikolaus, nos. 932,
1592, 308
no. 1591, 241, 249
Sullivant, William Starling, Columbus,
1840, 236
swamps, Columbus, 1842, 236
no. 52, 234
Svenson, Henry Knute, Rensselaer, Oct.
15, 1922, 205
Hudson River, Sept. 30, 1923, 212
no. 482, 220
Svenson, H. K., & N. C. Fassett, nos.
797, 847, 848, 878, 879, 324
nos. 819, 846, 882, 883, 885, 886, 887,
327
no. 881, 328, 329
nos. 888, 893, 896, 897, 898, 899, 912,
936, 328
no. 889, 325, 328
nos. 913, 914, 915, 244
no. 918, 264
Swan, Charles Walter, Lowell, Sept. 16,
1880, 371
Acton, Sept. 6, 1884, 319
Swezey, Otto, no. 4183, 112
no. 4205, 123
no. 4206 p.p., 112, 123
Swinerton, J. R., Newport News, Oct.,
1889, 319
Swynnerton, C. F. M., no. 845, 588
no. 845A, 558
no. 859, 605
no. 875, 558
no. 1884, 556, 557
Sydow, H., no. 1, 184
no. 39, 184
Symonowiczowna, Miss Tekla, no. 736,
308
no. 737, 275 ,
Tagor, Fedor, no. 384, 426
Talcenouchi, Makoto, Mt. Hizengajho,
Aug. 29, 1924, 281
Talmy, Cochin-China, Oct., 1867, 395
Tarn, Anthony Apo, no. 4249, 156
no. 4329, 159
Tamberlik, western Brazil, 464
Tanaka, no. 20, 275
Taponnier, vicin. of Lyon, Sept., 286
Taquet, Emile Joseph, no. 969, 395, 400
no. 1028, 275
no. 1031, 281, 282
no. 1035, 281, 282
no. 2991, 436
Tate, Ralph, Mexico, 492, 528
nos. 172, 173, 288, 184
Tausch, cult, in garden, 371
Taylor, Alexander, no. 4253, 178
Taylor, Benjamin Chandler, Center
City, 1892, 308
Taylor, Norman, no. 23, 472
no. 133, 500, 436
no. 388, 473
Taylor, W. E., ravine at Rabai, Jan. 5,
1886, 577
eastern equatorial Africa, 1888, 607
688 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Taylor, William Randolph, Essington,
Aug. 15, 1914,216
Taylor, W. R., & wife, Fort Cristobal,
Oct., 1916, 436
Teague, A. J., no. 6, 557
no. 149, 436
no. 226, 608
no. 412, 395
Tellini, Achille, nos. 135, 586, 1189,
1512, 1586, 1683, 1715, 628
no. 292, 403
Telsman, no. 48, 275
Terraciano, Achille, & A. Pappi,
Eritrea, Apr. 3, 1892, 557, 628
nos. 55, 760, 1441, 1981, 628
Tessmann, Gilnther, no. 2704, 622
Teyber, Alois, wooded places, Hohen-
eich, Aug. 30, 1905, 293
banks of pond, Hoheneich, Sept. 3,
1905, 293
forested areas, Hoheneich, Sept. 9,
1905, 29k
forested areas, Hoheneich, Aug.,
1906, 29^
peat moor at Schrems, Aug., 1906, 294
wooded areas, peat moor, etc.,
Lower Schrems, Aug., 1906, 293
forest, Frommberg, Aug., 1908, 294
forested areas, Gopprechts, Aug.,
1908, 293, 294
Heidenreichstein, Aug., 1908, 294
wooded areas, Heidenreichstein, Aug.,
1908, 293
Thedenius, C. G. H., Goteborgstrakten,
Aug., 1902, 309
Thomson, Thomas, alt. 1,500-1,800
meters, India, 281
Nilgiri Hills, Dec., 1871, 517, 519, 522
northwestern Himalaya, 395, 472
Kashmir, 275, 309
Kumaon, 281
Muradabad, 1845, 395
no. 869, 426
no. 1238, 281
Thompson, Charles Henry, French Vil-
lage, Sept. 23, 1913, 371
Thomson, G., no. 58, 395
Thorel, Clotis, no. 1270, 395
Thornber, John James, no. 72, 365
Thorncroft, George, no. 11275, 570
Thuillier, Jean Louis, environs of Paris,
#75 293 295
Etang de St. Hubert, Aug., 275, 279
Thurber, George, near Chihuahua, Oct.,
1852, 365
no. 794, 319
no. 842, 365
no. 1102 p.p., 335, 336
Thurrow, W. F., Hockley, 1890, 214
Thwaites, Ceylon, 395
no. 3583, 402
no. 3630, 426
Tidestrom, Ivar, no. 6890, 260
Tod, Karl, Wittingauer Becken, July
31, 1902, 293
Todaro, Augustino, Palermo, 1840, 249
no. 1479, 241
Tokubuchi, Horomambetsu, Aug. 20,
1892, 275
Tokyo, Bot. Inst. Sc. Coll. Imper. Univ.
of, ex, Prov. Musashi, Sept. 23,
1885, 391
Tonduz, Adolphe, nos. 498, 695, 426
nos. 7058, 7248, 7265, 9850, 13600,
184
no. 12284, 184, 187
no. 13618, .475, 477
no. 14779, 457
Topping, David LeRoy, no. 2365, 293
no. 2833, 419
no. 2939, 112
nos. 2941, 3354a, 119
nos. 3060, 3341, 3343, 3346, 108
no. 3304, 103
no. 3308, 134
nos. 3405, 3406, 3407, 3408a, 34086,
154
no. 3353, 137
no. 3354 p.p., 123, 124
no. 3763, 123
no. 3834, 100
Topping, D. L., & Richard Northwood,
no. 4330, 134
Topping, D. L., & Colin Potter, no.
10037, 100
Torrey, John, New York, 1843, 225, 241
Tourney, James William, no. 58, 335
no. 680, 319
Toumsend, Charles Henry Tyler, nos.
A102, A200, 419
nos. A213, A214, 1519, 517
no. 1513, 383
Toumsend, C. H. T., & Charles Melvin
Barber, no. 298, 378
no. 315, 335
no. 411, 365
no. 415, 339
Tracey, Mrs. J. A., no. 77, 319
Tracy, Samuel Mills, nos. 4762, 6929,
7140, 7351, 230
no. 6445, 230, 231
nos. 6456, 6921, 436
no. 8585, 236
Tracy & Lloyd, no. 495, 436
Traill, James William Helenus, no. 492,
472
Travers, H. H., Wellington, Oct., 1908,
419
Trelease, William, no. 437, 426
no. 640, 220
Triana, Jose Jeronimo, nos. 1367, 1368,
189
no. 1369 p.p., 189, 517
no. 1371, 472
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
689
no. 1373, 419
no. 1374 p.p., 509, 517, 518
no. 1375 p.p., 508, 517, 51 8
no. 1377, 319
Trichardt, Louis, Zoulpansberg, Feb.,
1919, 570
Trimble, William, vicin. Bridgeport,
Oct. 1, 1883, 205
Tsan, Don Giovanni, Poupli, 385
Ts'ao, Chen Knei, Bau Hiva Shan, Oct.
14, 1915, 419
Turczaninow, Nicolas Stevanovitch,
Transbaikal region, 385
Selenga and elsewhere, 1829, 386
Argun River, 1833, 293, 295
no. 1232, 386
Tuezkiewicz, Diomede, vineyards at Le
Vigan, Aug.-Sept., 1859, 371
no. 3118, 395
Turici, Hortus, e sem. ex, anno 1867,
635 (cf . Bot. Gard. of Zurich)
Tweedie, John, Buenos Aires, 371
Tweedy, Frank, pine barrens, Sept., 1880,
225
Uhde, nos. 445, 625, 631, 633, 528
no. 454, 319
nos. 616, 623, 444
nos. 620, 621, 492
no. 622, 517
nos. 644, 646, 344
Uhlig, Carl, no. 19, 566
no. 118, 588
nos. 414, 480, 607
no. 750, 538
no. V.46, 51>2
Uhlig, Margarete, no. 2038, 585
Ule, Ernst Heinrich Georg, nos. 835,
4493, ^26
no. 1589, 31 9
nos. 2585, 3403, 196
no. 5155, 473
no. 6557, 437
Umbach, Levi Menger, nos. 2035, 2051,
225
United States (Southern Pacific) Ex-
ploring Expedition under Captain
Wilkes, Andes of Peru, 51 7
Cape Verde Isls., 402
Eimeo, 84
Isl. Hawaii, 95, 150
Kaala Mts., 154
Kauai, mts. of, 165
Maui, sandy or dry hills near coast
of, 158
Maui, western, 151
Oahu, 106, 109, 154
Tahiti, 84, 93
Urumoff, Ivan K., no. 52, 284
Ussher, C. B., no. 1, 597
Vdgner, L., Comitat of Marmaros,
Aug.-Sept., 309
Vahl, Ribeira de Fayal, Aug. 5, 1901,
426
Vanatta, Edward G., Chestertown, Aug.
4, 1902, 319
Queen Anne Co., Aug. 15, 1902, 225
Chestertown, Aug. 3, 1904, 225
Van den Houdt, no. 211, 559
Van Hermann, Herman Adolf, no. 379,
437
Vanoverbergh, Morice, no. 926, 395
Van Pelt, Samuel Smyth, Narrowsville,
Sept. 9, 1904, 220
Palermo, Sept. 20, 1908, 260
Vargas, W. J., no. 210, 444
Vasey, George, Ringwood, 1861, 225, 227
northern Illinois, 1862, 227
Veitch, J., & Sons, cult., 1908, 629
Velasco, Luis V., no. 8873, 184
Velasquez, Joachim, Volcan de Agua,
187, 526
Velenovsky, Josef, Pilsky, Aug. 16, 1882,
294
Pilsky Pond, Aug. 16, 1882, 293
no. 1888, 283
Vendrely, Xavier, & J, Paillot, no.
2088bis, 293
Venturi, S., no. 121, 466
no. 8810, 426
Verdick, no. 464, 569
Verreaux, no. 532, 426
Versteeg, nos. 1192, 1543, 281
Victorin, see Marie-Victor in
Vidal, Seb., Miagao, 426
nos. 1514, 3133, 3138, 426
Vienna, Bot. Gard. of (Hort. Vindob.),
1869, 345
Viereck, H. L., no. 5, 523
Vierhapper, Friedrich, Heidenreichstein,
Sept., 1915, 293
Vindobonensis, Hortus, cult, anno 1869,
556
cult, from achenes of Menyhart 1110,
374
Visher, Stephen Sargent, no. 2224, 309
Voeltzkow, no. 211, 426
Volkens, Georg, no. 365, 560
no. 384, 557
no. 398, 606, 607
no. 537, 606, 607
no. 682, 426
no. 1694, 610
Von Cederwald, G., see Cederwald
Von Cesats, see Cesats
Von Chamisso, Ludolf Adelbert, Oahu,
1816, 114, 121
Oahu, 1817, 146
Von Christmar, Campeche, 184
Von Guttenberg, Gustav, see Guttenberg
Von Hayek, A., see Hayek
Von Hepperger, Carl von, Bozen, 1860,
371
Bozen, Sept., 1864, 371
690 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Von Kellner, Verona, 371
Von Langsdorff, see Langsdorff
Von Ledebour, see Ledebour
Von Martins, Karl Friedrich Philipp,
see Martins
Von Mechow, Alexander, no. 131, 600
no. 394, 595, 600
Von Priltwitz und Gaffron, Captain,
no. 272, £25
no. 293, 598
no. 353, 556
Von Rabenau, Arlington, Sept. 7, 1890,
225
Von Rohr, J. P. B., see Rohr
Von Schrenk, Ithaca, Oct. 1, 1892, 260
Von Schweinitz, L. D., see Schweinitz
Von Sterneck, Jakob, Peschiera, 1893,
371
Von Tuerckheim, H., no. 297, 184
no. 762, ^37
no. 1179, 522
no. 3646, 472
no. 7900, 185
no. 8237, 1 75
no. 11.1475, 185
Von Warszewicz, see Warszewicz
Von Winkler, no. 214, 517
Waddell, L. A., Lhasa, Sept. 15, 1904,
275
Wadmond, Samuel Christensen, no.
1232, 309
Waghorne, Arthur Charles, Newfound-
land, Sept. 3, 1896, 241
Wakefield, T., Galla Country, May,
1880, 557
Waldron, Lawrence Root, & T. F.
Manns, vicin.' of Fargo, Aug. 13,
1901, 250
Walker, George Warren, Ceylon, 426
Wallace, G. B., no. 294, 604
Wallich, Nathaniel, nos. 298a, 3188A,
371
no. 3187a (3187, comp. 297a), 281,
282
no. 3189 (comp. 299e), 394
no. 3189 (comp. 299/), 395
Warburg, nos. 413, 418, 426
no. 419, 51 7
no. 3142, 281
nos. 4381, 7850, 395
no. 7844, 371
Ward, Lester Frank, along canal, Distr.
Columbia, Sept. 10, 1876, 309
between Sherman and Texarkana,
Sept. 22, 1877, 214
Eastern Branch Marsh, July 7, 1878,
309, 312
Arcadia, Aug. 24, 1878, 214
Distr. Columbia, Oct. 3, 1880, 236
vicin. of Denver, Aug. 19, 1881, 319
Distr. Columbia, Sept. 24, 1882, 236
Chesapeake Junction, Sept. 10, 1905,
214
Ward, L. F., & Rosamond Ward,
Jacksonville, Feb.-Mar., 1891, 230
Ware, Robert Allison, no. 4230, 324
Warming, Eugene, Lagoa Santa, Dec. 4,
1863, 481
Lagoa Santa, Feb.-Apr., 1864, 202
Lagoa Santa, May 7, 1864, 196
Picao, Jan. 26, 1865, 407
Lagoa Santa, Mar. 7, 1865, 202
nos. 38, 638, 640, 419
no. 637, 202
no. 639 p.p., 419, 481
no. 643 p.p., 407, 419
Warnecke, no. 63, 576
Warnstorf, Carl, Lake Neuruppin, Oct.,
1877, 264
Lake Neuruppin, Sept. 10, 1895, 263,
265
Warszewicz, Julius, no. 38, 517
Watanabe, Kano, Sakawa, Oct. 11,
1888, 275
Watson, Hewitt Cottrell, North Surrey,
1865, 275
Watson, Rosa B., Atlanta, Nov., 1881,
371
Watt, George, no. 2160, 517, 519
Wawra, Heinrich, Kauai, 165
Valparaiso, 452
no. 206, 441
no. 326, 526
no. 353, 426
nos. 545, 669, 155
nos. 1035, 1811, 419
no. 1232, 386
no. 1664, 108
Webb, Tahiti, 87
Weberbauer, August, no. 50, 452
no. 275, 501
no. 435, 51 7, 520
nos. 840, 6583, 185
no. 2506, 497
nos. 3057, 4854, 498
no. 3857, 198
nos. 5293, 7401, 383
nos. 5613, 7617, 517
no. 5975, 475
Weatherby, Charles Alfred, Dennis,
Sept. 28, 1915, 264
Wenham, Oct. 12, 1915, 225
no. 2071, 249
Weddell (?), Isls. of Seine River, 1841,
286, 288
Weddell, Hugues Algernon, no. 2656, 196
no. 2996, 203
no. 3169, 464
no. 3302, 481
Weidmann, Anton, Lomnitz, July 14,
1883, 293
Rybnyk, etc., July 28, 1885, 293
Weigelt, Surinam, 473
INDEX OF COLLECTORS
691
Wellenius, Otto, Prov. Tavastehus,
Sept. 10, 1898, 293
Welwitech, Friedrich Johann Martin,
no. 243, 284
no. 3272 p.p., 546, 600
no. 3529, 593
nos. 3531, 3532, 544
nos. 3535, 3536, 3537, 3538, 599,
600
no. 3959, 1*26
nos. 3961, 3962, 3963, 395
no. 3964, 586
Wenzel, Chester Alan, no. 302, 395
Werckle, Charles, no. 63, 185
Werner, William C., Cedar Swamp,
Sept. 10, 1892, 225
no. 409, 254.
Westerlund, Otto, no. 10, 231
Westgate Philip, no. 4132, 137
Wetherill, Henry Emerson, Norristown,
1891, 225
Wetzstein, Albert, St. Marys, Sept.,
1898, 225
Wheeler, Charles Fay, swamp near Lan-
sing, July 23, 1897, 225
Wheeler, C. F.r & E. S. Steele, vicin. of
Millboro, Aug. 30, 1907, 254
White, Paul J., no. 25, 371
Whitford, Harry Nichols, no. 12, 371
Whitmee, S. J., Samoa, 419
Whymper, Edward, Mt. Chimborazo,
Jan. 4, 1880, 517
Mt. Chimborazo, Jan. 7, 1880, 517
Whyte, Alexander, Nandi to Mumias,
1898, 602, 603
northern Nyassaland, 640
Zomba, 612
Masuku Plateau, July, 1896, 427
Tanganyika Plateau, July, 1896, 427
near Nairobi, 565
no. 191, 613
Wibbe, John Hermann, Oswego, 236
Wichura, no. 2200, 427
Widgren, Minas Geraes, 1845, 197
Caldas, Feb. 17, 1846, 202
nos. 251, 252, 197
no. 253, 419
Wiebke, Henry, no. 3083, 151
no. 3084, 131
Wiegand, Karl McKay, no. 916, 249
Wiggins, Ira Loren, no. 6429, 479
no. 7396, 409
Wiggins, I. L.t & Delzie Demaree, no.
4882, 382
Wight, Alexander Este, no. 3, 437
Wight, Robert, ex herb, of, Dendygul
Mts., 1830, 395
ex herb, of, no. 1451 p.p., 395
no. 1606, 402
Wight, William Franklin, nos. 112a,
113,225
Wilkes, Captain Charles, Madeira, 395
Wilkinson, Edward, no. 4874, 249
no. 5126, 225
Willdenow, Carl Ludwig, herb, of, no.
15019-1, 345
no. 15020-5, 296
no. 15022, 438
no. 15023-l,-2,-3, 438
no. 15023-4, 395, 438
Williams, Emile Francis, Weston, Sept.
29, 1895, 257
Lake Massapoag, Sept. 10, 1899, 264
Concord, Sept. 17, 1899, 257
Neponset Marshes, Sept. 23, 1900,
263
Rowley, Sept. 3, 1906, 319
Dedham, Oct. 2, 1898, 371
Williams, F. W., no. 16052, 386
Williams, Llewelyn, nos. 1249, 2601, 473
no. 7917, 1*75
Williams, Robert S., no. 160, 185
no. 194, 198
Williams, Thomas Albert, Tacoma Park,
Sept. 18, 1900, 236
Williams, T. W., Peking, Aug., 1876,
371
no. 298, 371
Williamson, Charles Sumner, Palatka,
Apr., 1897, 231
Council Bluffs, Aug., 1898, 254
Lake Manawa, Aug., 1898, 249
Chicago, Sept. 2, 1898, 225
Los Angeles, July 24, 1901, 419
San Bernardino, June, 1903, 319
Philadelphia, Aug. 23, 1903, 225
Green Pond, Aug. 18 and 21, 1904,
236
Bordentown, Sept. 11, 1904, 205
Williamson School, Sept. 23, 1906,
260
nos. 2223, 2326, 2420, 249
no. 2474, 236
Williamson, T. A., Camden, Sept.,
1897, 205
Wills, 0. R., Hightstown, Sept., 1845,
225
Wilms, Friedrich, no. 843, 395, 396
no. 844, 427
no. 845 p.p., 396, 420
Wilson, Jamaica, 172
no. 255, 473
no. 498, 437
Wilson, E., Armstrong, 1904, 309
Wilson, Jamaica, 178
Wilson, Percy, vicin. of New York,
Sept. 28, 1899, 371
Winkler, Hubert, no. 101, 420
no. 3376, 396
Winslow, Evelyn James, North Grafton,
Sept. 19, 1912, 264
Winter, Ferdinand, nos. 345, 751, 309
Wislizenus, (Friedrich) Adolph, no. 178,
337
692 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Witasek, Mitterburg, Aug., 1901, 309
Witting, E., Lake Leonhard, 309
Wolcott, Albert B., no. 75, 225
Wolf, John, no. 172, 245
no. 73, 214
no. 544, 378
Wolfgang, flooded marshes, Lithuania,
309
Wollaston, A. F. R., Mt. Ruwenzori,
Jan. 29, 1906, 579
Wood, John Medley, no. 715, 396
no. 1231, 557
Woodward, N. P., North Worcester,
Oct. 15, 1917, 1*37
no. 2, 378
Woodward, Richard William, Pocoto-
paug Lake, Sept. 21, 1915, 267, 268
Franklin, Sept. 25, 1915, 261*
Old Saybrook, Sept. 29, 1915, 257
Old Lyme, 1915-1918, 211
Woodward, R. W., & Charles Humphrey
Bissell, Pocotopaug Lake, Sept. 21,
1910, 268
Woolson, G. W., Lodi, Sept., 1872, 319
Wooton, Elmer Ottis, Organ Mts., Sept.
17, 1893, 363
Organ Mts., Sept. 28, 1902, 363
Las Cruces, Oct., 1895, 373
Mesilla Valley, Oct., 1895, 371
James Canyon, Aug. 11, 1899, 378
Filmore Canyon, Oct. 23, 1904, 363
Las Vegas Canyon, Aug. 24, 1910, 378
N. E. of Vermejo Park, Aug. 30, 1913,
378
Santa Rita Mts., Sept. 30, 1913, 363
nos. 259, 2544, 378
no. 430, 363, 366
Wooton, E. O., & P. C. Standley, Organ
Mts., Sept. 23, 1906. 363
no. 3675, 378
Charles Wright, Connecticut, 236
Hongkong, 427
Loo-Choo Isls., 427
Texas, 220
no. 150, 396
no. 314 p.p., 172, 175
no. 315, 473
no. 316, 420
no. 317 p.p., 420, 437
no. 345, 373
no. 346, 363
no. 347, 319
no. 1232, 335
no. 1233, 344, 345
no. 1233&is, 344, 31*5
no. 1234, 371
no. 12346is, 366
Wright, Samuel Hart, Volusia Co., 231
Wright, W. F., no. 175, 241
no. 251, 309
Wullschlagel, H. R., no. 300, 1*73
no. 317, 172
Wurzlow, Edwin Clarence, west of
Houma, Aug. 29, 1913, 371
bank of Barataria Canal, Oct. 22,
1912, 319
Wydler, Heinrich, no. 101, 1*73
no. 228, ^20
Xavier, Fr., near Jacmel, December, 474
Yamaguchi, M., no. 1218, 108
Yatabe, R., Tokio, Sept. 4, 1880, 396
Yates, no. 632, 420
Young, no. 154, 437
Young, Herbert Andrew, Cedar Pond,
Sept. 13, 1879, 225
Revere, Sept. 27, 1879, 254
Young, Robert Thompson, near Boulder,
Sept. 14, 1904, 309
Yuncker, Truman George, no. 4256, 108
Yvan, Isl. Chusan, 396
Zahlbruckner, Alexander, St. Georgen,
Sept., 1883, 309
Zech., no. 276, 427
Zelenetzuy (Zelenetzkij), Nikolaj Michai-
lowitsch, Simferopol, June 1,
1885, 275
Crimea, July, 1885, 309
Zick, Alois, no. 825a, 309
Zimmermann, Albrecht, no. 63, 576
no. 1776, 537
Zollinger, Heinrich, nos. 401, 816, 427
nos. 410, 2284, 396
no. 11.410, 420
Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard, herb, of,
cult. 1817, 335
Zupancic, no. 781, 309
Zurich, Bot. Gard. of (cf. Hort. Turici),
in 1848, 345
anno 1849, 345
GENERAL INDEX1
Actinea biternata (Lour.) Spreng., 389
Acacia, 134
Acocotli quauhuahuacensis Hern., 431,
441
Adenolepis Less., 18, 30
pulchella Less., 18, 113, 123
Adenolepis (Less.) O. Hoffm. in Engl. &
Prantl (pro sect.), 30, 31
Agrimonia
molucca Rumph., 389, 398, 399
Alyxia olivaeformis, 90
Andropogon, 600
Anthemis arvensis L., 491, 493
Anthemis Cotula L., 454
Anthrena, 27
Apium graveolens L., 98, 502
Asplenium, 113
pinnatifidum Nutt., 113
Betula
intermedia Thorn., 644
Bidens
Abadiae DC., 58, 357
var. pilosoides Sherff, 58, 358
abortiva Schum. & Thonn., 430
abyssinica Schz. Bip. ex Walp.,
26, 403, 404
var. glabrata Vtke., 400
f. nemoralis Chiov., 402
var. incisaefolia Hochst. in Oliv.,
402, 403, 405
var. quadriaristata Hochst. ex
Schweinf., 401, 403, 404, 405
acaulis Bak. in Mart., 633
Acmella (L.) Lam., 634
Acmelloides Berg., 634
acrifolia Sherff, 49, 524
acuta (Wieg.) Britt., 251, 253
acuticaulis Sherff, 62, 347
acutiloba Sherff, 554, 557
adhaerescens Veil., 412, 420, 430
adherescens Veil., 412, 430
aequisquama (Fern.) Sherff, 53, 360
affinis Kl. & O., 506, 508, 518
africana Klatt, 421, 429
Ahnnei Sherff, 34, 73, 88
alamosana Rose, 478, 479
alausensis H.B.K., 450, 452, 453, 455
alba (L.) DC., 438, 439, 440
alpina Brandeg., 21, 491, 492, 493
ambacensis (Hiern) Sherff, 546
ambigua S. L. Moore, 25, 64, 68, 582
Ambrosioides Willd., 474, 475
americana trifolia leucanthemi flore
Tournef., 437
[americana] triphylla, angelicae folio,
flore radiato Plum., 169
Bidens
amoena Sherff, 578, 579
amphicarpa Sherff, 53, 348
amplectens Sherff, 40, 134, 135, 142,
143, 144
amplectens Sherff X torta Sherff, 134,
144
amplectens X waianensis 143, 155
amplissima Greene, 51, 296, 311
andicola H.B.K., 57, 58, 452, 493,
494, 519, 522, 527, 646
var. /3. O. Ktze., 497
var. /3. Wedd., 421
var. Cosmantha (Griseb.) Sherff,
58, 495, 501
f. Buchtienii Sherff, 58, 411, 495,
502
var. decomposita O. Ktze., 58, 495,
499, 502, 526
var. heterophylla 0. Ktze., 494
var. Mandonii Sherff, 58, 494, 504
var. normalis O. Ktze., 494, 497
var. tarijensis Sherff, 58, 495, 503,
510
f. dissecta Sherff, 57, 495, 503,
504
andongensis Hiern, 63, 592, 593, 595
Andrei Sherff, 57, 350, 558
angustifolia H.B.K., 488
angustifolia Lam., Ill, 112, 634
var. minor Poir., 634
angustifolia Nutt., Ill, 112, 124
angustissima H.B.K., 48, 332, 488
var. Linifolia (Schz. Bip. ex Klatt)
Sherff, 47, 488, 489
Anthemoides (DC.) Sherff, 47, 49,
491, 646
Anthriscoides DC., 53, 349, 351
var. angustiloba DC., 353, 409
var. decomposita Sherff, 351, 353
antiguensis Coult., 179, 184, 186
aoraiensis Grant, 23, 37, 85, 90
Apiifolia L., 634
arborea (Forst. & Forst.) Roxb., 634
arenaria Gandog., 270, 273, 275
arenicola Gandog., 270
arenicola (S. L. Moore) Sherff, 562
arguta H.B.K., 339, 341, 345
var. luxurians (Willd.) DC., 340
aristosa (Michx.) Britt., 22, 49, 205,
212, 219, 220, 263, 544, 630
var. Fritcheyi Fern., 22, 46, 212,
214, 217
var. mutica Gray ex Gatting., 49,
212, 213, 214, 216, 630'
Artemisiaefolia (Jacq.) O. Ktze., 634,
635
1 For the main treatment of sections, species, varieties, forms, and hybrids
described for the genus Bidens, see page numbers in bold-faced type.
693
694 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens
f. grandiflora O. Ktze., 635
f. par -vi flora 0. Ktze., 635
subsp. calva (Schz. Bip.) O. Ktze.,
634
var. sulfurea (Cav.) O. Ktze., 634
subsp. caudata (H.B.K.) 0. Ktze.,
634
var. fusca O. Ktze., 634
var. rosea O. Ktze., 634
var. rubra O. Ktze., 634
subsp. intermedia 0. Ktze., 634
var. aurantiaca O. Ktze., 634
Artemisiaefolia Poepp. & Endl., 510,
515, 520, 522
articulata Sherff, 61, 620
asperata (Hutch. & J. M. Dalz.)
Sherff, 70, 548
Aspilioides (Baker) Sherff, 67, 611
Asplenioides Sherff, 42, 44, 113
asymmetrica (Levl.) Sherff, 36, 41,
43, 45, 98, 107, 108, 117, 145
Atriplicifolia L., 635
atropurpurea DeVries, 635
atrosanguinea (Hook.) Ortg., 26, 27,
635
var. hybrida De Corte, 635
attenuata Sherff, 511, 512, 516
aurantiaca Colenso, 421, 423, 429
aurea (Ait.) Sherff, 32, 47, 48, 59, 231,
334, 339, 493, 508
var. leptophylla (Nutt.) Sherff, 228
var. Wrightii (Gray) Sherff, 340,
345
australis Spreng., 20, 34, 35, 77, 85,
86, 87, 90, 91, 168
bandana Wall., 635
bandanna Wall, ex Hook., 635
bardana Wall, ex Ind. Kew., 635
barrancae M. E. Jones, 444, 446
Baumii (O. Hoffm.) Sherff, 67, 589
Beckiana (F. Brown) Sherff, 35, 80
Beckii Torr., 22, 26, 635
f. scissa Sheldon, 635
Bequaertii DeWild., 64, 573, 580
Berteriana Spreng., 635, 636
bicolor Greenm., 47, 535
Bidentoides (Nutt.) Britt., 32, 50,
203, 208, 324
var. mariana (Blake) Sherff, 203,
205
Bigelovii A. Gray, 55, 361, 365, 400
var. pueblensis Sherff, 54, 55, 361,
363
bimucronata Turcz., 409, 441, 459
bipartita L. ex Halacsy, 270
bipinnata Baill., 636
bipinnata L., 17, 26, 29, 55, 59, 60,
63, 366, 380, 385, 391, 393, 394,
396, 398, 400, 401, 403, 408, 417,
445, 465, 466, 468, 639
Bidens
var. biternatoides Sherff, 55, 366,
373
var. Cynapiifolia (H.B.K.) Gom.,
469
var. minor Memm., 366, 372
bipinnatifida Herb. Pav., 493
bipinnatifida Raf., 370
Bipontina Sherff, 34, 78
biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff,
33, 60, 63, 123, 160, 370, 371, 372,
388, 410, 422, 438
var. glabrata (Vtke.) Sherff, 60, 63,
369, 372, 389, 398, 400
f. abyssinica (Schz. Bip. ex
Walp.) Sherff, 389, 391, 393,
401, 403, 430
Bonplandii Schz. Bip., 444, 449
XBoullii Rouy, 288
var. subbullata Rouy, 288
var. subtripartita Rouy, 288
brachycarpa DC., 455, 456, 457, 458
Brandegeei Sherff, 52, 359
brasiliensis Sherff, 56, 483
Brittonii Sherff, 173, 175, 176
Brucei Sherff, 66, 603
var. pubescentior Sherff, 66, 603,
604
var. Swynnertonii Sherff, 67, 603,
604
Buchingeri Schz. Bip. ex Schweinf.,
554 557
Buchneri (Klatt) Sherff, 64, 593, 594,
601
Buchtienii Sherff, 502, 503
bullata Balb., 285
bullata L., 284, 286, 287
var. eu-bullata Briq. & Cav., 285
var. glabrescens Fiori, 285, 288
var. hirta (Jord.) Coste, 284
var. hirta (Jord.) Fiori, 284
var typica Fiori in Fiori & Paol.,
285
californica DC., 412, 416
calva (Schz. Bip.) C. B. Clarke, 636
Campylotheca Schz. Bip., 19, 41,
42, 137, 141
var. nematocera Sherff, 140
var. pentamera Sherff, 42, 137, 139
f. filicifolia Sherff, 137, 139
canadensis latifolia flore luteo Tour-
nef., 242
canescens Bertol., 49, 228, 525
cannabina Lam., 268, 277
cannabina Tausch, 269, 277, 278
capillifolia Sherff, 52, 388
caracasana DC., 441, 444
carnea Heer, 636
carnea Heer & Regel, 636
caroliniana Hemsl., 636
carpodonta Sherff, 335
GENERAL INDEX
695
Bidens
Carvifolia (Benth.) Schz. Bip., 636
caucalidea DC., 442, 444, 445, 448,
449, 450
caudata (H.B.K.) Schz. Bip., 636
cernua L., 17, 22, 25, 26, 27, 29, 46,
51, 59, 254, 262, 263, 273, 277,
278, 279, 291, 294, 297, 298, 317,
321, 328
subvar. minima (L.) Coss. &
Germ., 299
var. Bidens (L.) Farw., 300
var. Bidens minima (L.) J. E.
Smith, 299
var. Bidens mixta Kitt., 300
var. C. MeVat, 300
var. Coreopsis Bidens Willd., 299
var. discoidea Wimm. & Grab., 299
subvar. glabra Wimm. & Grab.,
299
f. glabra Wimm. & Grab, ex
Briq. & Cavill., 299
subvar. hispida Wimm. & Grab.,
299
f. hispida Wimm. & Grab, ex
Briq. & Cavill., 299
var. elata Torr. & Gray, 296, 298
var. elatior Torr. ex Greene, 301
var. elliptica Wieg., 300, 304, 306,
310, 311
var. genuina Rouy, 301
f. discoidea (Wimm. & Grab.)
Briq. & Cavill., 301
subvar. ligulata (Bonn.) Rouy,
301
subvar. rugosa (Coss. & Germ.)
Rouy, 301
var. integra Wieg., 300, 303, 310,
311
var. ligulata Bonn., 300
var. minima DC., 300
var. minima Huds., 269
var. minima Ray, 299
var. monocephala Zersi ex Fiori
in Fiori & Paol., 301
var. nana Wimm. & Grab., 299
var. natans Ossw. & Sag. ex
Sagorski, 300
var. oligodonta Fern. & St. J.,
46, 51, 301, 310, 312
var. radians Beck von M., 300
f. mixta (Kitt.) Beck von M., 300
var. radiata Roth, 299
f. glabra Wimm. & Grab., 299
f. hispida Wimm. & Grab., 299
var. rugosa Coss. & Germ., 300
var. tenuis Turcz. ex DC., 269
var. typica Beck von M., 300
f. elongata Richt., 307
f. ligulata (Bonn.) Briq. & Cav.,
301
f. minima (Huds.) Larss., 300
Bidens
f. radiata (Roth) Larss., 300
subvar. rugosa Coss. & Germ.,
300
f. typica (Beck von M.) Briq. &
Cav., 301
cernua L. X B. connata Muhl., 262,
312
cernua L. X B. hyperborea Greene,
325
cernua L. X B. tripartita L., 273, 304
Ceryantesii (Lag.) Baill., 636
cervicata Sherff, 41, 101
chaetodonta Sherff, 33, 61, 615, 620
var. glabrior (O. & H. in Oliv.)
Sherff, 61, 615, 616
chaetophylla Sherff, 61, 622
chiapensis Brandeg., 48, 531
chilensis DC., 450, 451, 452, 455
var. Apiifolia DC., 454, 455
chinensis Willd., 123, 385, 389, 396,
397, 398, 438
f. simplicifolia O. E. Schz., 389,
392, 400
var. abyssinica (Schz. Bip. ex
Walp.) O. E. Schz., 404
Chodati Hassl., 57, 484, 486
chrysantha (L.) DC., 169
Chrysanthemifolia (H.B.K.) Sherff,
53, 353, 493
Chrysanthemoides Michx., 27, 297,
313, 318, 320
vars. a., /3., y., and S. Torr. &
Gray, 314, 320
var. Nashii (Small) Jeps., 314
Cicutaefolia Tausch, 366, 371, 372,
398, 399
ciliata DeWild., 380, 549
ciliata Hoffmgg. ex Fisch. & Mey.,
380, 381, 412, 421
ciliolata Greene, 300
cinerea Sherff, 66, 584
var. tricuspidata Sherff, 584, 585
Cirsioides Sherff, 16, 61, 621
clarendonensis Britt., 23, 31, 47, 49,
166
coartata Sherff, 43, 129
coccinea (Cav.) Baill., 636
coccinea (Cav.) Gomez, 636
cognata Greene, 376, 377, 378
collina Deg. & Sherff, 37, 79
colpophila Fern. & St. J., 321, 323,
324
comata L. ex W. J. Hook., 250, 254
comosa (Gray) Wieg., 51, 160, 220,
245, 248, 250, 298
var. acuta Wieg., 251
comosa (Gray) Wieg. X B. polylepis
Blake, 254
comosa Hook, ex Short & Peter, 254
conica L., 298
conjuncta Sherff, 40, 43, 126
696 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens
connata Muhl., 22, 50, 160, 206, 208,
245, 254, 255, 272, 298, 312
var. ambiversa Fass., 50, 255, 261
var. anomala Farw., 22, 50, 255,
257
var. comosa Gray, 251
var. fallax (Warnst.) Sherflf, 50,
59, 206, 241, 255, 263, 267
var. fultior Fern. & St. J., 263, 265
var. gracilipes Fern., 50, 255, 260,
261
var. inundata Fern., 257, 260
var. petiolata (Nutt.) Farw., 50,
59, 208, 210, 254, 255, 257, 262,
267
var. pinnata Wats., 50, 255, 262
var. typica Fass., 50, 206, 255, 267
connata Muhl. X B. Eatonii Fern.,
208
connata Muhl. X B. cernua L., 262,
312
connata Warnst. non Muhl., 263
consolidaefolia Turcz., 510, 513, 519,
520
cordifolia Schz. Bip., 35, 80
Coreocarpoides Sherff , 48, 338
Coreopsidioides Schz. Bip. ex Sherff,
491, 492
Coreopsidis DC., 22, 168, 170, 173
var. incisa (Ker) DC., 177
var. procumbens Donn. Smith,
179, 186
var. reptans (L.) DC., 169
Coreopsidis Schz. Bip. ex A. Gray,
492
coriacea (O. Hoffm.) Sherff, 67, 601
Coriopsidis DC. ex Griseb., 169
cornuta Sherff, 53, 375
corona seminum retrorsum aculeata
etc. Hort. Cliff., 414
corona seminum retrorsum aculeata
etc. L., 301
coronata Fischer, 225
coronata (Hook.) Fisch. ex Steud.,
636
coronata (L.) Britt., 49, 160, 205,
221, 232, 233, 263
var. leptophylla (Nutt.) Mohr, 228
var. tenuiloba (Gray) Sherff, 49,
221, 222, 224, 227
Cosmantha Griseb., 501
var. diversifolia Griseb., 494, 497,
499
Cosmoides (A. Gray) Sherff, 16, 31,
37, 102, 164
costaricensis Benth. ex Oerst., 534
Crataegifolia (O. Hoffm.) Sherff, 67,
70, 605
Crithmifolia H.B.K., 498, 510, 513,
517, 518, 519
crocata Cav., 637
Bidens
crocea Welw. ex O. Hoffm., 64, 585
var. verrucifera S. L. Moore, 585,
586, 592
ctenophylla Sherff, 36, 38, 39, 44, 103
cuneata Sherff, 34, 158, 163
Cusickii Greene, 300, 303
cylindrica Sherff, 63, 373, 400, 406
Cynapifolia H.B.K. ex Heynh., 468
Cynapiifolia H.B.K., 33, 53, 58, 368,
468
var. portoricensis (Spreng.) O. E.
Schz., 53, 58, 469, 473
var. tenuis O. E. Schz., 53, 469, 473
Dahlioides Wats., 637
Daucifolia DC., 442, 444, 445, 448,
449
Daurica, saxatilis, foliis Apii vel
Cicutae magis, flore luteo, nudo
etc. C. Bauh., 386
Deamii Sherff, 444, 445, 448
decipiens Warnst., 263, 264, 265
decolorata H.B.K., 32, 339, 341, 345
decomposita Wall, ex DC., 366, 371,
519
var. hirsutior C. B. Clarke, 510,
512, 519, 520
decumbens Greenm., 441
decussata Pav. ex DC., 412
Degeneri Sherff, 34, 96
var. Apioides Sherff, 38, 49, 96, 98
f. filicifolia Sherff, 38
Delphinifolia H.B.K., 510, 513, 517,
518, 519
deltoidea J. W. Moore, 34, 76, 91
dentata (Nutt.) Wieg., 298, 300, 311
denudata Turcz., 637
dichotoma Desf., 96, 637
dichotoma (Hillebr.) Sherff, 96
dichotoma H. P., 637
Dielsii Sherff, 61, 67, 622
var. medusoides Sherff, 61, 67,
623, 625
diffusa Gaud., 496
diffusa Mathews, 497
Dilleniana Hill, 299
discoidea (Torr. & Gray) Britt., 51,
233
dissecta (0. E. Schz.) Sherff, 173, 176
distans Sherff, 35, 39, 95
diversa Sherff, 62, 329
var. megaglossa Sherff, 62, 329, 330
diversifolia Hort. ex DC., 527
diversifolia (Jacq.) Hort. ex DC., 530
diversifolia (Otto) Ortg., 637
diversifolia (Otto) Schz. Bip., 637
var. atrosanguinea Hook., 637
diversifolia Willd. ex DC., 450, 452,
494, 529
domingensis O. E. Schz., 54, 418, 433,
467
Dondiaefolia Less., 438, 440, 531
GENERAL INDEX
697
Bidens
duranginensis Sherff, 54, 353, 364,
409, 468
Eatonii Fern., 16, 50, 206, 261
var. fallax Fern., 50, 207, 209
var. illicita Blake, 50, 207, 210
var. interstes Fass., 50, 207, 209,
210, 211, 261
var. kennebecensis Fern., 50, 207,
211
var. major Fass., 50, 207, 211
var. mutabilis Fass., 50, 207, 210
var. simulans Fass., 50, 207, 210
var. typica Fass., 50, 206
effusa Thuill., 268, 278
Ekmanii O. E. Schz., 408
var. paucidentata 0. E. Schz., 408
elata (Torr. & Gr.) Sherff, 296, 298
elegans Greene, 314, 317, 321
elevata Soland., 389
Elliotii (S. L. Moore) Sherff, 60, 61,
68, 578, 580
elliptica (Wieg.) Gleas., 301
elongata Tausch, 366, 372
Engleri O. E. Schz., 63, 405, 407, 419
exaristata DC., 455, 458
exigua Sherff, 57, 382, 466
expansa Greene, 318, 321
fastigiata Mich., 289, 292, 294
var. hispida Jord. ex Car. & St.
Lag., 285
fecunda Deg. & Sherff ex Sherff, 39,
40, 43, 128, 129, 134
fecunda Deg. & Sherff X B. torta
Sherff, 129, 134
X fennica Teyber, 294
ferax Deg. & Sherff ex Sherff, 128
Ferulaefolia (Jacq.) DC., 16, 20, 48,
332, 342, 343, 447
var. Foeniculaefolia (DC.) Sherff,
48, 332, 335
var. ludens (Gray) Sherff, 48, 332,
336
var. odoratissima (Cav. ex Pers.)
DC., 444
fervida Hort. Erf. ex Colla, 366, 645
fervida Lam., 637
fervida Nocca, 366
filamentosa Rydb., 301, 308
Fischeri (O. Hoffm.) Sherff, 71, 553
fistulosa Schz. Bip. ex Bak. in Mart.,
31, 56, 202
fixa Hook, f., 637
flabellata O. Hoffm., 63, 588
flagellaris Bak. in Mart., 57, 482
floribunda H.B.K., 187, 188, 191
Foeniculaefolia DC., 335, 336
foliis tripartite divisis Caesalp., 276
folio non dissecto Caesalp., 301, 310
folio non dissecto Tournef., 301, 310
foliosa Willd., 289, 290, 296
fondosa L. ex W. Stone, 237
Bidens
Forbesii Sherff, 41, 131
formosa (Bon.) O. Ktze., 638
formosa (Bon.) Schz. Bip., 638
formosa Greene, 314, 315, 320
frondosa L., 21, 28, 51, 59, 236, 245,
246, 280, 298
var. a. Lam., 268, 277
var. anomala Port, ex Fern., 51,
237, 243
var. major Hook., 236
var. minor Hook., 236
var. pallida Wieg., 51, 237, 244
var. puberula Wieg., 249
var. stenodonta Fern. & St. J.,
51, 237, 245
frutescens Mill., 638
fruticosa (Forst.) Schz. Bip., 86
fruticosa L., 17, 638
fruticosa (Vest) DC., 32, 646
fruticulosa Mey. & Walp., 494, 498
fulvescens Sherff, 41, 42, 135
fusca Lam., 637, 638
Gardneri Bak. in Mart., 55, 420, 468,
479
Gentryi Sherff, 45, 49, 192
Geraniifolia Brandeg., 16, 48, 524 530
glaberrima DC., 273, 510
glabrata (A. Gray) Sherff, 36, 93
glandulifera Grant, 23, 37, 85, 105
glaucescens Greene, 300
Glyceriaefolia Schz. Bip. ex Sherff,
638
Glycinaefolia Schz. Bip. ex Bak.
in Mart., 638
gracilenta Greene, 300, 308
gracilior (O. Hoffm.) Sherff, 65, 70,
565
var. ukerewensis Sherff, 65, 565,
566
gracilis Nutt., 18, 98, 100, 101, 108,
123
gracilis Torr., 101, 638
graciloides Sherff, 35, 38, 43, 44, 102
grandiflora Balb., 493, 501, 519, 520,
526, 529
var. breviloba O. Ktze., 499, 501
var. diversifolia (Jacq.) O. Ktze.,
527
var. humilis (H.B.K.) 0. Ktze.,
511, 513, 519
var. longiloba O. Ktze., 647
var. serrulata (Poir.) O. Ktze.,
497, 527
grandiflora (Pers.) ex Balb., 526
grandis Sherff, 66, 69, 595, 599
var. Welwitschii Sherff, 600
Grantii (Oliv.) Sherff, 62, 71, 537, 539
var. Dawei Sherff, 539, 540, 541
var. Scaettae Sherff, 62, 539, 540,
541
var. Stapfii Sherff, 539, 540
698 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens
graveolens Kom., 301
graveolens Mart., 31, 56, 201
var. comosa Chod., 486
guatemalensis Klatt, 532, 533
halawana Deg. & Sherff ex Sherff, 99,
100
hawaiiensis A. Gray, 19, 35, 36, 94,
96, 101, 168, 429
var. conglutinata Deg. & Sherff, 118
Helianthoides H.B.K., 314, 320, 321
Henryi Sherff, 36, 91
heterodoxa Fern. & St. J., 50, 266
var. agnostica Fern., 266, 267, 268
var. interstes Fass., 209
var. Monardaefolia Fern., 266, 267,
268
var. orthodoxa Fern. & St. J., 266,
267
heterophilla Orteg. ex Blench., 339
heterophylla Orteg., 231, 339, 344,
345, 508
var. polycephala Schz. Bip., 341
var. typica Fiori in Fiori & Paol.,
340
var. Wrightii A. Gray, 340
heterosperma A. Gray, 52, 378, 381
hendersonensis Sherff, 36, 82
var. oenoensis Sherff, 36, 82, 83
var. subspathulata Sherff, 82, 83
Hildebrandtii O. Hoffm., 65, 70, 553,
574
Hillebrandiana (Dr. del Cast.) Deg.
ex Sherff, 38, 155, 162
Hillebrandiana (Dr. del Cast.) Deg.
XB. molokaiensis (Hillebr.) Sherff,
162
hirsuta Nutt, 412, 417
hirsuta Sw., 638
hirta Jord., 284, 285, 287
hirtella H.B.K., 509, 510
hirto-tripartita Boullu, 285, 288
hispida H.B.K., 421, 424
hivoana Deg. & Sherff ex Sherff, 36,
81
Hoffmannii Sherff, 65, 560
Holstii (O. Hoffm.) Sherff, 71, 536
var. rupestris Sherff, 65, 536, 537
Holwayi Sherff & Blake, 45, 194, 200
Humboldtii Schz. Bip. in Seem., 638
humilis H.B.K., 355, 498, 510, 513,
518, 519, 520
var. macrantha Wedd., 510
var. major Schz. Bip., 510, 514
var. tenuifolia Schz. Bip. ex
Griseb., 511
humilis Sesse & Moc., 510
hybrida Thuill., 295
hyperborea Greene, 51, 206, 208, 321
var. arcuans Fern., 51, 322, 326
var. cathancensis Fern., 51, 321,
324, 326
Bidens
var. colpophila (Fern. & St. J.)
Fern., 321, 325
var. gaspensis Fern., 51, 322, 324,
328
var. laurentiana Fass., 51, 321, 327
var. Svensonii Fass., 51, 322, 328
var. typica Fass., 51, 321, 324
incisa (Ker) G. Don, 45, 170, 177
inermis Wats., 353, 444, 446, 450
ingrata Larr., 647
insecta (S. L. Moore) Sherff, 68, 580
insipida (Jacq.) Lam., 638
insolita Sherff, 48, 525
integrifolia Brandeg., 47, 346
intermedia Opiz ex Nym., 289
involucrata Phil., 638
involucrata (Nutt.) Britt., 205, 218
var. retrorsa Sherff, 220
involvens Phil, ex Ind. Kew., 638
irazuensis Calv. & Calv., 534
Jacksonii (S. L. Moore) Sherff, 639
Jardinii Schz. Bip., 34, 77
kamerunensis Sherff, 70, 538
Kelloggii Greene, 301, 305, 312
kilimandscharica (0. Hoffm.) Sherff,
65, 69, 606
var. retrorsa Sherff, 66, 606, 607
Kirkii (Oliv. & Hiern) Sherff, 68, 560,
561, 569
var. flagellata Sherff, 561, 562
kivuensis Sherff, 62, 69, 545, 570
var. armata Sherff, 571, 572
Kotschyana Schz. Bip. ex Walp., 366
Kotschyi Schz. Bip. ex Walp., 369
Kunthii Schz. Bip. in Seem., 354, 355
laciniata Schz. Bip. ex Schweinf.,
402, 403, 405
laevis (L.) B.S.P., 33, 46, 50, 56, 279,
305, 311, 312, 313, 345
Langlassei Sherff, 639
Lantanoides A. Gray, 19, 20, 33, 84,
429
var.(?) glabrata A. Gray, 93
lasiocarpa O. E. Schz., 400, 402, 403
latifolia hirsutior, semine angustiore
radiate Dillen., 415
Lemmonii A. Gray, 51, 386
leptocephala Sherff, 52, 53, 362, 364,
400, 419
leptolepis Sherff, 60, 551, 569
leptomeria Greene, 301, 309, 312
leptopoda Greene, 300, 306, 312, 320
leucantha L. ex Poepp. in herb., 455
leucantha (L.) Willd., 186, 399, 409,
430, 431, 438, 439, 440, 610
f. discoidea Schz. Bip., 412
subf. Kraussii Schz. Bip., 412
var. 0. Meyen & Walp., 431
var. pilosa (L.) Griseb., 412
var. sundaica (Bl.) Hsskl., 421,
422, 427
GENERAL INDEX
699
Bidens
leucanthema (L.) Krause, 431
Leucanthema radio albo L. herb., 432
leucorhiza (Lour.) DC., 421
leucorrhiza (Lour.) DC., 20
levis B.S.P. ex Jeps., 314
Leyboldii Phil., 639
Lindblomii Sherfif, 646
Lindleii Schz. Bip. in Seem., 639
Lindleyi Schz. Bip. in Seem, ex Ind.
Kew., 639
linearifolia (0. & H. in Oliv.) Sherff,
612
linearifolia Schz. Bip., 639
lineariloba Oliv., 64, 560, 587
lineata Sherff, 66, 611
Linifolia Schz. Bip. ex Klatt, 489
lonchophylla Greene, 300, 303
longifolia DC., 340, 341, 345
longipetiolata Rusby, 197, 198
lucida Hort., 249
ludens A. Gray, 336, 337
lugens Greene, 314, 317, 321
luxurians Hook. & Arn., 145, 147
luxurians Willd., 339, 344, 345
Macounii Greene, 300, 306
macrantha Griseb., 499, 501
macrocarpa (A. Gray) Sherff, 40, 100,
105, 117, 123
var. ovatifolia (A. Gray) Sherff,
37, 106, 109, 117
macropa Phil., 507
macrosperma Fisch., 385, 386
macrosperma H. G., 383
maculata Anon, in herb., 445
magnidisca Deg. & Sherff ex Sherff,
40, 110
magniflora Herb. Pav., 514
magnifolia Sherff, 65, 69, 575
Malmei Sherff, 59, 468
marginata Greene, 301, 304, 312
marginata Perr. ex DC., 639
mariana Blake, 205, 206
Martii Colla, 647
Mathewsii Sherff, 35, 37, 77, 89
mauiensis (A. Gray) Sherff, 24, 38,
157
var. cuneatoides Sherff, 33, 38,
157, 158, 161
var. cuneatoides Sherff X B.
Hillebrandiana (Dr. del Cast.)
Deg. ex Sherff, 157, 159
var. Forbesiana Sherff, 33, 157, 160
var. lanaiensis Sherff, 38, 157, 159
160, 161
var. media Sherff, 38, 157, 160, 161
Maximowicziana Oett., 647
Mayebarai Kitam., 389, 393
megapotamica O. E. Schz., 461, 465
megapotamica Spreng., 464, 465, 639
melananthera hastata (Michx.) Desf.,
639
Bidens
melanocarpa Wieg., 236, 242
f. pumila Lehm., 236, 240
f. simplex Lehm., 237, 240
var. pallida Wieg., 244
Menziesii (A. Gray) Sherff, 38, 88,
150
var. filiformis Sherff, 38, 150, 152
var. leptodonta Sherff, 38, 150, 151
Messerchmidii Turcz. ex DC., 383,
386
mexicana Sherff, 173, 174, 175
mexicana Willd. ex Sherff, 339
Meyeniana Walp., 639
micrantha Gaud., 17, 18, 19, 31, 39,
87, 96, 112, 145, 154, 155, 156
var. caduca Sherff, 35, 39, 123, 145,
149
var. kaalana Sherff, 39, 137, 145,
148
var. kaalana Sherff X B. fulvescens
Sherff, 149
var. laciniata (Hillebr.) Sherff,
39, 145, 147
micranthoides Sherff, 44, 111, 112,
124, 126, 145
microcarpa Sherff, 69, 566, 567, 611
microphylla Sherff, 69, 505
Mildbraedii Sherff, 68, 572
minima Huds., 277, 298, 299, 300, 312
minima L., 277, 299, 300
minuscula Levl. & Vant., 280, 281,
282
mirabilis Sherff, 640
mitis (Michx.) Sherff, 49, 160, 205,
224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 526
var. incisa (Torr. & Gray) Sherff
in herb., 228
var. subintegra (Torr. & Gray)
Sherff in herb., 228
mixta Kitt., 300
mollifolia Sherff, 52, 356
mollis Poepp. & Endl., 522
molokaiensis (Hillebr.) Sherff, 33,
34, 161
molokaiensis (Hillebr.) Sherff X B.
Hillebrandiana (Dr. del Cast.)
Deg. ex Sherff, 162
montana Anon, in herb., 445
Montaubanii Phil., 413, 418, 421
monticola Poepp. & Endl., 31, 55, 167
Montsulani Phil, ex Ind. Kew., 413
mooreensis Grant, 35, 85
Moorei Sherff, 63, 591
var. verrucosa Sherff, 63, 591, 592
Mossii Sherff, 68, 563
Muelleri Sherff, 49, 645
Xmulticeps Fass., 50, 208
multifida Desf., 383, 386
multipartita L. C. Rich., 472
multiserrata Schz. Bip., 194, 196, 197
musoziana Sherff, 68, 562
700 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens
mutica Nutt., 19, 100, 108, 120, 123
Myrrhidifolia Tausch, 366, 371, 372
Nashii Small, 314, 318, 320, 321
nematocera Sherff, 41, 43, 44, 140
Neumannii Sherff, 66, 625
nivea L., 17, 640
nivea Sesse & Moc., 640
nodiflora folio Tetrahit Dillen., 276
nodiflora L., 268, 276
novae-caledoniae Forst. ex Schlect.,
640
nudata Brandeg., 48, 482
nudiflora Steud., 268
nyikensis Sherff, 68, 69, 613
obtusiloba Sherff, 38, 119
ochracea (0. Hoffm.) Sherff, 640
Ocymifolia Lam., 640
odora Willd., 647
odorata Cav., 355, 409, 444, 447, 448,
449, 479
Oerstediana (Benth. ex Oerst.) Sherff,
49, 232
oleracea (L.) Cav. ex Steud., 641
oligantha Brandeg., 53, 349
oligocarpa Sherff, 347
Onisciformis Sherff, 62, 71, 559
orendaniae M. E. Jones, 456
orientalis Velen. ex Bornm., 283
orientatis Velen., 283
orofenensis Grant, 23, 35, 85, 86, 93
Ostruthioides (DC.) Schz. Bip. in
Seem., 18, 48, 532
var. costaricensis (Benth. ex Oerst.)
Sherff, 48, 532, 534
oxyodonta DC., 430, 432
pacayae Schz. Bip., 354
paleacea Vis., 647
pallida Rusby, 194, 195
Palmeri A. Gray, 641
palustris Sherff, 65, 568
paniculata Hook. & Am., 20, 86, 88
paradoxa D. Don ex Hook. & Arn.,
641
Parryi Greene, 314, 318, 320, 321
parviflora Willd., 60, 380, 383, 639
parvulifolia Sherff, 354, 355, 356
patula Gardn., 197
pauciflora Poir., 383, 386
paupercula Sherff, 62, 330, 379, 380,
549
pectinata Schz. Bip., 510, 514
peduncularis Gaud., 123, 389, 399
pedunculata Phil., 506, 509
pedunculosa Phil, ex Ind. Kew., 506
perianthomega Arrab. ex Steud., 641
Persicaefolia Greene, 314, 319, 321
personans Deg. & Sherff ex Sherff,
135, 136
petiolata Nutt., 257
Peucedanifolia (Wedd.) O. Ktze., 641
var. bipinnatisecta O. Ktze., 641
Bidens
var. cochabambensis O. Ktze., 641
var. spratensis 0. Ktze., 641
var. tiraquensis O. Ktze., 642
Phalangiphylla Sherff, 65, 579
phelloptera Sherff, 33, 70, 631, 633
pilosa Forst., 392
pilosa L., 17, 18, 27, 33, 54, 58, 60,
63, 160, 358, 359, 360, 372, 373,
396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 404, 408,
409, 410, 412, 481, 493, 504, 520,
637, 647
subvar. discoidea (Schz. Bip.)
Pit. ex Pit. & Pr., 413
subvar. radiata (Schz. Bip.)
Pit. ex Pit. & Pr., 431
f. radiata Schz. Bip. in Krauss,
430
f. subbiternata O. Ktze., 364, 413
f. subsimplicifolia O. Ktze., 413
var. /3. L., 388
var. abyssinica (Schz. Bip.) Fiori,
404
var. alausensis (H.B.K.) Sherff,
359, 412, 414, 439, 450, 494
f. Scandicina (H.B.K.) Sherff,
351, 414, 447, 452, 453
var. alba (L.) O. E. Schz., 440
var. albiflora Max., 422
var. albiflora Max. in Somoku
Dzusetsu, 431
var. Apiifolia (DC.) Sherff, 58, 63,
414, 453, 454
var. bimucronata (Turcz.) O. E.
Schz., 53, 58, 63, 360, 414, 418,
431, 432, 434, 435, 439, 441, 451,
453, 458
f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff, 52, 349,
351, 353, 355, 356, 358, 442,
443, 444, 453, 459
var. bipinnata (L.) Hook, f., 366
var. brachycarpa (DC.) O. E.
Schz., 456, 459
var. breyifoliata Hieron., 422, 426
var. calcicola (Greenm.) Sherff, 53,
58, 63, 357, 413, 445, 455
f. dissecta Sherff, 52, 413, 445,
459
var. chinensis L., 398, 428
var. decomposita (Wall, ex DC.)
Hook, f., 366
var. discodea Schz. Bip. ex 0.
Ktze., 511
subvar. decomposita (Wall, ex
DC.) O. Ktze., 511
f. hirsutior (C. B. Clarke)
0. Ktze., 511
f. pinnata O. Ktze., etiam O.
Ktze. ex O. E. Schulz, 413
f. subbiternata O. Ktze., 413
subvar. subsimpliqifolia O. Ktze.,
440
701
Bidens
f. subsimplicifolia O. Ktze., 413
f. ternata O. Ktze., etiam O.
Ktze. ex O. E. Schulz, 413
var. discoidea Schz. Bip. in B. W.
& Berth., 412
f. subbiternata O. Ktze., 389
var. dubia (Cass.) O. E. Schz., 422,
427, 428
var. glabrata Vtke. ex Engler, 400
var. humilis Walp. ex Reiche, 431
var. leucantha (L.) Harv., 430
subvar. ternata O. Ktze., 449
f. pilosior O. Ktze., 430, 449
f. subbiternata 0. Ktze., 430
f. subsimplicifolia O. Ktze., 430,
434, 440
f. ternata 0. Ktze., 430
var. minor (Bl.) Sherff, 54, 58, 60,
63, 393, 396, 398, 400, 413, 415,
421, 432, 433, 434, 435, 437, 438,
453, 637
f. umbrosa Sherff, 413, 429
var. pauciflora O. E. Schz., 373, 374
var. pilosa (L.) Hook, f., 413
var. puberula Schz. Bip., 413
var. quadriseta (Hochst.) Schweinf.
ex Engler, 403
var. radiata Schz. Bip. in B. W. &
Berth., 53, 58, 59, 63, 186, 345,
360, 364, 410, 413, 414, 421, 425,
429, 430, 449, 453, 454, 455, 458,
467, 496
f. decumbens (Greenm.) Sherff,
431, 434, 441
f. Dondiaefolia (Less.) Sherff,
431, 438, 440
f. indiyisa Sherff, 57, 431, 439
var. subdiscoidea, 471
f. decomposita O. Ktze., 471
var. Wallichii (DC.) C. B. Clarke,
389
pilosa leucanthema radio albo Linn.
herb., 437
pinnata Noronha, 400, 422
pinnata L. ex Sherff, 366
pinnatifida Buch.-Ham. in Wall., 642
X platensis Mang., 461, 465
platycephala Oerst., 289, 294, 320
polycephala Oerst. ex Fiek, 289
polycephala Schz. Bip., 34, 75, 76, 88
polylepis Blake, 32, 49, 205, 218, 254
var. retrorsa Sherff, 47, 213, 218,
220
Populifolia Sherff, 36, 37, 115, 118
portoricensis Spreng. ex DC., 473
praecox Sherff, 33, 62, 632
Pringlei Greenm., 52, 487
prionophylla Greene, 300, 306
procera D. Don, 332, 335, 336, 337
procumbens H.B.K., 509, 510
prolixa S. L. Moore, 554, 556, 557, 558
Bidens
pseudacmella (L.) Zorn, 642
pseudalausensis Sherff, 53, 411
pseudocosmos Sherff, 57, 410, 503
puberula (Wieg.) Rydb., 249
pubescens Nutt., 417
pubescens Willd., 497
pulchella (Less.) Schz. Bip., 38, 113,
120, 123, 124
pulcherrima Schz. Bip., 642
pumila (Retz.) Steud., 269, 276
punctata Sherff, 554, 556, 557, 558
purpurea DC., 18, 642
var. glabriuscula DC., 642
purpurea Down., 642
Purpusorum Bitt. & Pet. ex Bitt.,
21, 491, 492, 493
pygmaea Kitt., 269
quadrangularis DC., 461, 463 •
quadriaristata DC., 314, 316
var. dentata Nutt., 297, 300, 307,
311
quadriseta Hochst. ex O. &. H. in
Oliv., 403, 404, 405
var. incisifolia, 404
quinqueradiata Zea ex Jacq., 527, 529
quitensis herb. H.B.K., 451
radiata Thuill., 59, 270, 273, 289, 320
f. integra Hiilph., 291
f. perpusilla Dom., 289, 293, 295,
296
var. aberrans Frod., 291
var. borysthenica Pacz., 293
var. integra f. gracilis Frod., 291
var. latiloba Frod., 291
radiata Thuill. X B. tripartita L.,
294, 295
raiatensis J. W. Moore, 36, 89
ramosissima Sherff, 351, 444, 447, 448
Ramtila Wall., 642
Ramtilla Wall, ex DC., 642
reflexa Link, 412, 417, 420
refracta Brandeg., 475, 477
Regnellii Schz. Bip., 201, 202
Remyi Dr. del Cast., 145, 155, 156
Remyi (Hillebr.) Sherff, 145, 155, 156
repens D. Don, 280, 282
reptans (L.) G. Don, 22, 46, 168, 178,
182, 185, 186
f. glabrescens O. E. Schz. in Urb.,
169
var. bipartita O. E. Schz. in Urb.,
169, 170, 171, 173, 175, 186
var. Brittonii (Sherff) O. E. Schz.
in Urb., 173
var. dissecta O. E. Schz. in Urb.,
46, 169, 176
var. tomentosa O. E. Schz. in Urb.,
177, 179
var. Urbanii (Greenm.) O. E. Schz.
in Urb., 46, 169, 173, 176, 179,
185, 193
702 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens
reptans (L.) Hitchc., 168
reptans Schz. Bip. in Seem., 642
retusa Link, 443
rhodesiana Sherff, 69, 608
rhombifolia Schz. Bip., 642
Riedelii Bak. in Mart., 55, 484
var. Hassleriana Chod., 484, 485
var. hirsuta Hassl., 55, 484, 486
var. typica Chod. & Hassl., 484
f. intermedia Chod. & Hassl., 484
rigida Hort. Calc. ex C. B. Clarke, 643
riparia Greene, 251
riparia H.B.K., 51, 56, 251, 420, 474
var. refracta (Brandeg.) O. E.
Schz. in Urb., 56, 474, 475
Robertianifolia Levl. & Vant., 389,
395, 400
robustior S. L. Moore, 65, 581, 609
Rogersii Sherff, 68, 614
rosea Schz. Bip. in Seem., 456, 457
var. aequisquama Fern., 360
var. calcicola Greenm., 456
rotata Sherff, 61, 619
ruandensis Sherff, 67, 590
Rubifolia H.B.K., 18, 31, 56, 168,
187, 191, 192, 193, 195, 197, 198,
201
var. Coreopsidis (DC.) Bak. in
Mart., 169
var. floribunda (H.B.K.) 0. E.
Schz., 187
var. monticola (Poepp. & Endl.)
Bak. in Mart., 167
var. silvatica Bak. in Mart., 194
rubra DeWild., 60, 548, 569
rubra Schz. Bip., 481
Rueppellii (Schz. Bip.) Sherff, 61, 616,
619, 620
rufovenosa Sherff, 70, 546, 556
rugulosa Turcz., 187, 188, 189
rupestris Sherff, 537
ruwenzoriensis (S. L. Moore) Sherff,
601, 602, 603
Saint-Johniana Sherff, 33, 163
Salicoides Sherff, 44, 130
Sambucifolia Cav., 20, 46, 447, 478
Sandbergii Rydb., 262
sandvicensis Less., 43, 44, 45, 88, 100,
103, 108, 112, 114, 116, 119, 120,
127, 149, 399
var. caduca Sherff, 149
var. heterpphylla A. Gray, 145, 147
var. imminuta Deg. & Sherff ex
Sherff, 45, 120, 123, 125
var. ovatifolia A. Gray, 101, 109
var. setosa Sherff, 45, 120, 124, 128
var. typica Sherff, 120, 124
f. compositior Deg. & Sherff ex
Sherff, 38, 120, 121, 123, 124
sarmentosa Greenm., 21, 491, 492,
493
Bidens
Sartorii Schz. Bip. in Seem., 643
Scabiosoides (H.B.K.) Schz. Bip.
in Seem., 643
scandens L., 643
Scandicina H.B.K., 453
var. glabrescens Wedd., 453, 454
Schaffneri (A. Gray) Sherff, 50, 331,
489
Schaffneri Schz. Bip. ex Sherff, 491,
493
Schimperi Schz. Bip. ex Walp., 62,
554
var. leptocera Sherff, 554, 558
var. pilosa Schz. Bip. ex Schweinf.
554, 557
var. punctata Sherff, 554, 558
schizoglossa Sherff, 103, 104
Schlechteri Sherff, 64, 69, 570
Schweinfurthii Sherff, 66, 612
Scorzoneraefolia Bak. in Mart., 643
Seemannii Schz. Bip., 644
segetum Mart, ex Colla, 56, 186, 187,
189, 194, 392, 645
var. patula (Gardn.) Sherff, 45, 56,
184, 186, 187, 190, 194, 197, 201
Seretii (DeWild.) Sherff, 64, 67, 596
serrata Pav. ex DC., 509, 510
serratulata Desf. ex DC., 527
serrulata (Poir.) Desf., 47, 78, 420,
500, 501', 519, 520, 526
serrulata Schz. Bip., 78
serrutata Schz. Bip., 78
setigera (Schz. Bip.) Sherff, 61, 627.
631
var. abyssinica (Schz. Bip.) Sherff.
627, 628, 629
var. lobata Sherff, 627, 628
setigeroides Sherff, 61, 62, 630
setosa Sherff, 124, 125
Shimadei Hay., 279, 280
Shrevei Britt., 45, 56, 194, 199
silvatica Schz. Bip. ex Bak. in Mart.,
194, 196
simplicifolia C. H. Wright, 55, 190
Skottsbergii Sherff, 37, 117
var. conglutinata (Deg. & Sherff)
35, 36, 117, 118
'somaliensis Sherff, 67, 595
spathulata Sherff, 644
speciosa Gardn., 194
var. patula (Gardn.) 0. E. Schz.
in Urb., 197
var. silvatica (Schz. Bip.) O. E.
Schz. in Urb., 194
var. tomentosa Gardn., 197
speciosa Parish, 314, 321
spiralis Schz. Bip., 188
squarrosa H.B.K., 18, 46, 56, 134,
171, 173, 179, 190, 194, 197, 198,
201, 493
GENERAL INDEX
703
Bidens
Steppia (Steetz) Sherff, 62, 542
var. ambacensis (Hiern) Sherff,
62, 543, 546, 600
var. Elskensii Sherff, 62, 543, 545
var. Humbertii Sherff, 570, 571
var. leptocarpa Sherff, 62, 542,
545, 546
Stokesii Sherff, 44, 142
straminoides Sherff, 63, 379
striata Sweet, 430, 439
Stuhlmannii (0. Hoffm.) Sherff, 67,
598
subalpina Larss. ex Kindb., 644
subalternans DC., 55, 59, 373, 383,
410, 420, 421, 461, 468
var. simulans Sherff, 57, 59, 383,
462, 465
var. unipinnata Sherff , 58, 462, 466
sulphurea Schz. Bip., 644
sundaica Bl., 421, 422, 427, 428
var. minor Bl., 421, 427
sundiaca Bl. ex Ind. Kew., 421
superba Sherff, 60, 624
taitensis Sherff, 71, 552
Taquetii Lev). & Vant., 280, 281, 282
Taylori (S. L. Moore) Sherff, 64, 68,
576
tehuacana Klatt, 443
tenella L., 644
tenera 0. E. Schz., 58, 406, 419
var. paucidentata (O. E. Schz.)
Sherff, 54, 58, 406, 408
var. tetracera Sherff, 408
tenerrima Greene ex Sherff, 233, 236
tenuifolia LaBill., 644
tenuifolia Tausch, 366, 372
tenuisecta A. Gray, 52, 376, 411
tenuissima Greene, 21, 233, 236
tereticaulis DC., 179, 185, 186
var. antiguensis. (Coult.) O. E.
Schz., 179, 186
var. indivisa Rob., 179
var. sordida Greenm., 179, 182, 184,
187
ternata (Chiov.) Sherff, 61, 626
tetragona (LL. & Lex.) DC., 340, 345
tetragona Sesse & Moc., 647
tinctoria (Nutt.) Baill., 644
torta Sherff, 40, 129, 132, 134, 135,
144
torta Sherff X B. amplectens Sherff,
134, 144
torta Sherff X B. fecunda Deg. &
Sherff, 129, 134
Townsendii Sherff, 55, 338
trichosperma (Michx.) Britt., 221,
224, 226, 233, 263
var. tenuifolia (A. Gray) Britt. ex
Farw., 227
var. tenuiloba (A. Gray) Britt., 227
tridentata Turcz., 644
Bidens
trifida Buch. ex Roxb., 280, 283
trifolia Feuille in Gay, 439
trifolia, Americana, Leucanthemi
flore. Chrysanthemum Ameri-
canum, Ciceris folio etc. Herm., 437
trifoliata Gueldenst., 646
trifoliolata L. Cl. Rich., 407
trifoliata Noronha, 646
tripartita Bigel., 272
tripartita L., 17, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 32, 33, 50, 51, 59, 268, 294, 295,
296, 298, 299, 302, 304, 309, 312,
320, 400, 402, 646
var. 0. Lam. & DC., 295
var. y. Lam. & DC., 289, 294
var. C Merat, 289, 294
var. aberrans Froding, 291
var. auriculata Tausch, 277
var. biaristata Sennen, 275
var. Bidens pygmaea Kitt., (276,)
277
var. borysthenica Pacz., 293
subsp. bullata (L.) Rouy, 285
subsp. bullata var. glabrescens
(Fiori in Fiori & Paol.) Briq. &
Cavill., 285
subsp. bullata var. hirta (Jord.)
Rouy, 285, 287
subsp. bullata var. hispida Car.
& St. Lag. ex Briq. & Cavill., 285
var. cannabina (Lam.) Beckh., 270
var. cernuaefolia Sherff, 59, 269,
270, 273, 279
var. Conyza palustris (Loes.) Willd.,
268, 277
var. cannabina (Lam.) Tausch ex
Fiori in Fiori & Paol., 270
var. discoidea Wimm., 269, 277
subsp. eutripartita Briq. & Cavill.,
270
subsp. eu-tripartita var. major
Wimm. & Grab, ex Briq. &
Cavill., 270
subsp. eu-tripartita var. pumila
(Retz.) Roth ex Briq. & Cavill.,
270
subsp. eu-tripartita var. pumila f.
integra (Peterm.) Koch ex Beck
v. M. ex Briq. & Cavill., 270
var. eutripartita Schur, 269, 275,
279
var.? fallax Warnst., 263, 265
var. flore radiato Zinn, 268
var. genuina Rouy, 270, 277
subvar. pinnatifida (Turcz. ex
DC.) Rouy, 289
subvar. pumila (Retz.) Rouy ex
Briq. & Cavill., 270
subvar. rugosa Coss. & Germ.
in Rouy, 285
var. glareosa Schz. Bip., 269, 279
704 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Bidens
var. heterodoxa Fern., 266
var. heterophylla Schur, 269, 279
var. hirta (Jord.) Sherff, 59, 271,
284
var. hispida Car. & St. Lag., 284
var. hybrida (Thuill.) DC., 295
var. indivisa Corb., 270, 277, 278
var. indivisa DC., 278
var. integra Peterm., 269, 276
f. gracilis Froding, 291
var. integrifolia Celak., 277
var. integrifolia Wirtg., 269, 277
var. latifolia Rouy, 270, 278
var. limosa Kom., 274, 283
var. major Wimm. & Grab., 269,
277
var. minima Huds., 299
var. minima Lej. 269
var. minima Wimm. 277
var. minima Wirtg., 276, 277
var. minor Wimm. & Grab., 269,
276
f. integra (Peterm.) Koch ex
Beck von M., 270, 277
f. pumila (Retz.) Roth ex Beck
von M., 270, 277
subvar. pumila (Retz.) Rouy,
270, 277
var. orientalis (Velen. ex Bornm.)
Sherff, 59, 271, 274, 283
var. partita Peterm. ex Beckh., 295
var. pinnatifida Turcz. ex DC., 289,
293, 295
var. pumila Retz., 268, 276, 299
var. radiata Willd. ex Beckh., 269
var. radiata Wimm., 269, 278
var. ramosissima Schz. Bip., 269,
279
var. repens (D. Don) Sherff, 59,
270, 280, 283
var. reptans Cald. ex Fiori in
Fiori & Paol., 270
var. ruderalis eutripartita, 269, 275,
279
var. rugosa Anon, in herb., 286
var. rugosa Wedd., 288
var. simplex Schur, 269, 279
var. tenuis (Turcz. ex DC.) DC.,
269, 278
var. typica Beck von M., 270, 276,
277, 295
f. fastigiata Franch., 294
f. gigantea Evers, 270, 272
f. minima (Wirtg.) Druce, 277
f. minima (Wirtg.) Larss., 269,
277
subvar. minima (Wirtg.) Coss. &
Germ., 269, 277
f. pinnatifida (Turcz. ex DC.)
Beck von M., 289
Bidens
f. pumila (Retz.) Roth ex Briq.
& Cavill., 270
subvar. pumila (Retz.) Rouy ex
Briq. & Cavill., 270
sub-var. rugosa Coss. & Germ.,
284, 288
f. stolonifera Bolzon, 270
tripartita L. X cernua L., 304
tripartita L. X radiata Thuill., 294,
295
tripartito-hirta Boullu, 288
triplinervia H.B.K., 18, 21, 47, 57,
493, 498, 503, 506, 533
var. hirtella (H.B.K.) Sherff, 57,
503, 506, 509, 517, 518
var. macrantha (Wedd.) Sherff,
21, 48, 57, 60, 448, 496, 498, 499,
506, 508, 509, 510, 521, 522, 523,
524, 530, 646
f. octoradiata Sherff, 49, 57, 507,
520
var. mollis (Peopp. & Endl.)
Sherff, 57, 506, 510, 511, 513, 514,
515, 518, 520
var. nematoidea Sherff, 57, 507,
518, 522
'tripteris (L.) Krause, 644
tripteris Raf., 241
tuberosa Schz. Bip., 644
uapensis (F. Brown) Sherff, 37, 115
ugandensis (S. L. Moore) Sherff, 68,
583
Uhligii Sherff, 71, 542
ukambensis S. L. Moore, 66, 69, 608,
609
Urbanii Greenm., 173, 175, 176
urceolata DeWild., 60, 550, 551, 552,
569
urophylla Sherff, 56, 193
valida Sherff, 40, 141
valladolidensis Schz. Bip. in Seem.,
644
valparadisea Colla ex Phil., 450
valparadisiaca Colla, 450, 452
variabilis (Desf.) Baill., 644
variabilis (Desf.) G6m., 644
Vatkei Sherff, 61, 618
venosa Gardn., 201, 202
verticillata L., 17, 644
verticillata (L.) Baill., 645
Vestii Schz. Bip., 646
Viciosoi Pau ex Vicioso, 646
Vincaefolia Karst. & Schz. Bip. ex
Sherff, 56, 191
Volkensii O. Hoffm., 27, 28, 63, 66,
610
vulgata Greene 51, 59, 242, 246
var. dissectior Sherff, 250
var. puberula (Wieg.) Greene, 51,
246, 247, 249
var. schizantha Lun., 51, 246, 250
GENERAL INDEX
705
Bidens
waianensis Sherff, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42,
143, 144, 152
waimeana Sherff, 43, 45, 144
Wallichii DC., 372, 389, 399
var. albiflora Max. ex Matsum.,
431
var. bimensis Miq., 389, 399, 400
Warszewicziana Regel, 340, 345
var. bipinnata Regel, 340
var. pinnata Regel, 340
var. simplicifolia Regel, 340
Whytei Sherff, 64, 564
Wiebkei Sherff, 41, 127
Xantiana Rose ex Vas. & Rose, 645
sect. Campylotheca (Cass.) Nutt.,
18, 30
sect. Clomtonia Sherff, 31
sect. Degeneria Sherff, 31
sect. Ebussa Sherff, 33
sect. Fulsotsia Sherff, 31
sect. Greenmania Sherff, 23, 31, 186
sect. Heterodonta (Nutt.) Sherff, 31,
205
sect. Lesperthema Sherff, 33
sect. Meduseae (Nutt.) Sherff, 32
sect. Neurophyllum Sherff, 23, 31
sect. Platycarpaea DC., 18, 32, 236,
320, 321
sect. Psilocarpaea DC., 18, 32
sect. Selvorngea Sherff, 31
sect. Steppia (Schz. Bip. in Walp.)
Bignonia Sherff, 32, 630
perianthomega Veil., 641
Blainvillea, 637
rhomboidea Cass., 637
Bombus
terrester, 27
Brasenia
purpurea Casp., 642
Schreberi Gmel., 642
Bussea Harms, 33
Campylotheca Cass., 17, 18, 19, 20, 23,
24, 100, 205
angustifolia (Nutt.) Walp., Ill
australis (Spreng.) Less., 86
Beckiana F. Brown, 80
collina (Deg. & Sherff) F. Brown, 79
cordifolia Schz. Bip., 80
Cosmoides (A. Gray) Hillebr., 164
dichotoma Hillebr., 96
gracilis (Nutt.) Walp., 98
grandiflora DC., 137, 139
var. /3. Hillebr., 140
hawaiiensis (A. Gray) Hillebr., 94
Helianthoides Endl., 314
Henryi (Sherff) F. Brown, 91
Jardinii Schz. Bip., 77
macrocarpa Gray ex Hillebr. in herb.,
122
Campylotheca Cass
macrocarpa (Gray) Hillebr., 100,, 105
116
var. 0. Hillebr., 100, 101
var. y. Hillebr., 108, 120, 122, 123
var. ovatifolia (Gray) Hillebr., 109,
116
Mathewsii (Sherff) F. Brown, 89
mauiensis (Gray) Hillebr., 157
var. 0. Hillebr., 159
Menziesii Gray, 150
var. 0. Hillebr., 151
var. y. Hillebr., 152
micrantha (Gaud.) Cass., 145
var. /3. Hillebr., 147
var. y. Hillebr., 148, 149
var. laciniata Hillebr., 147
f. dissecta Skbg., 152, 154
molokaiensis Hillebr., 161
mutica (Nutt.) Walp., 120
polycephala Schz. Bip., 75
pulchella (Less.) Hillebr., 113
Remyi Hillebr., 155, 156
Rutifolia Le"vl., 155, 156
sandvicensis (Less.) Hillebr., 120
var. 0. Hillebr., 149
serrulata Schz. Bip., 78
uapensis F. Br., 115
Campylotheca (Cass.) Nutt. (pro sect.),
18, 30
Ceratocephalus Vaill., 407
pilosus (L.) Rich., 412
Chaerophyllum, 454
Charieis
heterophylla Cass., 644
Chrysanthellum, 114, 629
abyssinicum Schz. Bip. ex Walp., 629
americanum Vtke., 634
indicum DC., 635, 639
senegalense DC., 639
Chrysanthemum, 27
aquaticum, foliis multifidis cicutae
nonnihil similibus, virginianum
Herm., 367
cannabinum bidens Americanum
caule erecto firmo subrubente.
Moris., 372
chinense foliis plurifariam divisus
halicacabi Pluk., 389
Virginianum foliis Cicutae nonnihil
Similibus Herm., 367
trifoliatum scandens, flore luteo,
semine longo, rostrato Sloane, 172
Clomtonia Sherff (sect.), 31
Coelenterata, 624
Coleoptera, 27
Conyza
palustris foliis tripartito-divisis. Loes.,
277
Coreocarpus, 11
Coreopsis L., 11, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 205,
225, 397, 494, 566, 632, 646
706 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Coreopsis L.
abyssinica Schz. Bip. in Walp., 615
f. latisecta Vatke, 620, 621
var. bipinnato-partita Chiov., 627
alba L., 25, 437, 438, 440
alternifolia L., 25
ambacensis Hiern, 546
ambigua Nutt., 228, 229, 232
angustifolia Pavon ex D. Don, 332
Anthemoides DC., 21, 491
arenicola S. L. Moore, 562
arguta Pursh, 228
aristata Muhl. ex Willd., 212
var. mutica Engelm., 215
aristosa Michx., 21, 212
var. mutica Gray, 214, 215
asperata Hutch. & Dalz., 548
Aspilioides Baker, 611
aurea Ait., 32, 339, 344
var. incisa Torr. & Gray, 228, 231
var. leptophylla (Nutt.) Torr. &
Gray, 228, 231
var. subintegra Torr. & Gray, 228,
231, 232
aurea Gray, 226
aurea Lindl., 212
Baumii O. Hoffm., 589
bicolor Bosse, 29
Bidens Gunn., 299
Bidens L., 25, 298, 302, 310
Bidentoides (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray,
203
biternata Lour., 388, 396, 397
brasiliensis Colla, 194
Buchingeri Schz. Bip., 619
Buchneri Klatt, 594
caracasana Willd. ex 0. E. Schz., 169
chrysantha L., 169
chrysantha Vtke., 618
var. simplicifolia Vtke., 622
chrysantha W., 170
cordifolia (Schz. Bip.) Dr. del Cast.,
80
coriacea 0. Hoffm., 601
corindifolia Ham., 366
coronata Bert., 636
coronata Hook., 225
coronata L., 221, 224, 225, 226, 227,
430
Corymbifolia Ham. in Wall, ex DC.,
366
Cosmoides A. Gray, 19, 164
Cosmophylla Sherff, 640
Crataegifolia O. Hoffm., 605
cuspidata Bertol., 228
Delphinifolia Lam., 573
dichotoma (Hillebr.) Dr. del Cast., 96
discoidea Torr. & Gray, 233
diversifolia Jacq., 527, 529
Elliotii S. L. Moore, 578
exaristata O. Hoffm., 566, 611
var. gracilior O. Hoffm., 565
Coreopsis L.
ferulacea Hort., 332
Ferulaefolia Jacq. 332
var. odoratissima (Cav. ex Pers.)
Pers., 444, 447
Ferulifolia Jacq. ex Ind. Lond., 332
Fischeri O. Hoffm., 553
flammula Banks ex Steud., 314
foeniculacea Moc. & Sesse ex DC., 335
frondosa O. Hoffm., 575
fruticosa Forst., 86, 87
fruticosa mscr., 87
fruticosa Sol., 86, 87
fruticosa Vest, 646
glaucescens Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv., 620
Grantii Oliv., 537, 539
Grantii Skan, 540
hawaiiensis (Gray) Dr. del Cast., 94
Helianthoides Forst., 313, 314
heterophylla Bertol., 228
Hillebrandiana Dr. del Cast., 155
Holstii O. Hoffm., 536, 537
incisa Ker, 22, 177
incurva Moench, 332
insecta S. L. Moore, 580
involucrata Nutt., 218, 254
Jacksonii S. L. Moore, 639
Jardinii (Schz. Bip.) Dr. del Cast., 77
Jasminifolia Bertol., 228
kilimandscharica O. Hoffm., 606
Kirkii Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv., 561, 569
lanceolata L., 24, 636
leptoglossa Sherff, 569
leucantha L., 430, 439
leucanthema L., 430, 437, 438, 439
leucorhiza Lour., 421
leucorrhiza Lour., 396, 421
linearifolia DC., 489, 490
linearifolia Oliv. & Hiern in Oliv., 612
lineata Klatt, 599
lucida Cav., 339
Macraei A. Gray, 19, 137, 139
macrocarpa A. Gray, 19, 105, 123
var. p. Hillebr. ex Rock, 117
Mattfeldii Sherff, 544
mauiensis A. Gray, 19, 157
Menziesii A. Gray, 19, 88, 150
Menziezii A. Gray ex Dr. del Cast.,
150
micrantha (Gaud.) A. Gray, 145, 154
minima Hort. ex Steud., 299
mitis Michx., 226, 228, 231, 232, 344
molokaiensis (Hillebr.) Dr. del Cast.,
161
multifida DC., 444, 445, 447
var. mutica DC., 444, 446, 447
Negriana Sherff, 631
nitida Hort. R. M., 339
nuecensis Heller, 636
ochracea O. Hoffm., 640
odorata Cav., 445, 447
odorata (Cav.) Poir., 444
GENERAL INDEX
707
Coreopsis L.
odoratissima Cav., 445, 447
odoratissima Cav. ex Pers., 444
Oerstediana Benth. ex Oerst., 232
oligoflora Klatt, 540, 545
patula Willd., 494, 496
perfoliata Bosc, 315
perfoliata Bosc ex DC., 314
perfoliata herb. Burm., 316
perfoliata Walt., 313
pinnatipartita O. Hoffm., 537
polycephala (Schz. Bip.) Benth. &
Hook, ex Dr. del Cast., 75
pulchella (Less.) Dr. del Cast., 113
pulchella O. Hoffm., 505
quadricornis Krock., 299
radiata Mill., 313
Remyi Dr. del Cast., 145, 146
reptans L., 22, 168, 172
retusa Link, 443
Ridens Gunn., 299
rosea Nutt., 24
Rueppellii Schz. Bip., 616
ruwenzoriensis S. L. Moore, 601, 602
Sambucifolia Cav., 478
sandvicensis (Less.) Benth. & Hook.
ex Dr. del Cast., 120
scabrifolia Sherff, 569
scandens J. E. Smith, 168
scandens Sesse & Moc., 173, 175, 179
scandens, foliis serratis ternato-pin-
natis etc. Browne, 437
Schaffneri A. Gray, 331
Schlechteri (Sherff) Burtt Davy, 570
Seretii De Wild., 16, 596, 597
serrata DC., 314
serrulata Poir., 78, 526, 529
serrulata (Schz. Bip.) Benth. & Hook.
ex Dr. del Cast., 78
setigera Schz. Bip., 627
simplicifolia (Vtke.) Engler, 622
speciosa Hiern, 599
Steppia Steetz, 542
Stuhlmannii 0. Hoffm., 598
Taylori S. L. Moore, 25, 576
ternata Chiov., 626
tetragona LaL. & Lex., 339
tinctoria Nutt., 24, 29, 635, 644
trichosperma Michx., 221, 226, 227
var. aurea Edwards, 221
var. aurea? Nutt., 228, 232, 339
var. tenuiloba Gray, 227
trifoliata Bertol., 179, 187
tripartita M. B. Moss, 563
tripinnatifida Herb. Pav., 334
tripteris L., 644
variifolia Salisb., 168, 173
verticillata L., 645
viminea Browne ex Smith, 168, 172
Coreopsis sect. Eucoreopsis subsect.
Meduseae (Nutt.) Pfeiff., 32
sect. Steppia Schz. Bip. in Walp., 32
Corindum, 366
Cosmea
Chrysanthemifolia (HBK.) Spreng.,
353
Chrysanthemoides H. B. K. ex Heynh.,
354
lutea Sims, 527, 529
Cosmos, 11, 18, 142, 411, 416, 449, 450,
501
atrosanguineus (Hook.) Ortg., 635
bipinnatus Cav., 40, 636, 638, 639
calvus (Schz. Bip.) Sherff, 634, 636
Carvifolius Benth., 636, 644
caudatus H. B. K., 634, 635, 636
Chrysanthemifolius H.B.K., 353
Chrysanthemoides H.B.K. ex DC.,
353 355
Crithmifolius H.B.K., 641, 643, 644
diversifolius Otto, 637, 642
Landii Sherff, 641.
Langlassei Sherff, 639
linearifolius (Schz. Bip.) Hemsl., 639,
641
luteus (Sims) Gomez, 527
odoratus Cav., 445
parviflorus (Jacq.) H.B.K., 638
Peucedanifolius Wedd., 641, 642
var. cochabambensis (O. Ktze.)
Sherff, 641
var. tiraquensis (O. Ktze.) Sherff,
642
pilosus H.B.K., 455, 457
purpureus (DC.) Benth. & Hook., 642
Scabiosoides H.B.K., 643
Seemannii (Schz. Bip.) Gray, 641
sulphureus Cav., 634, 635, 644
tenellus H.B.K., 444, 449, 450
tenuifolius (Schz. Bip.) Hemsl., 639
sect. Discopoda DC.) Sherff, 30
Crataegus, 605
Crossostyles, 85
Dahlia, 11, 26, 636
Cervantesii Lag., 636
coccinea Cav., 636
Merckii Lehm., 27, 635
variabilis Desf., 644
Degeneria Sherff (sect.), 31
Delucia DC., 18, 533
Ostruthioides DC., 18, 532
Diatonta Nutt. ex Walp., 32
aristosa (Michx.) Nutt. ex Walp., 212
aurea (Ait.) Nutt. ex Walp., 340
Bidentoides Nutt. ex Walp., 203
coronata (L.) Nutt. ex Walp., 221
involucrata Nutt. ex Walp., 218
leptophylla Nutt. ex Walp., 228
mitis (Michx.) Nutt. ex Walp., 228
sect. Hederodonta Nutt. ex Walp., 32
sect. Meduseae Nutt. ex Walp., 32
Diodonta Nutt., 31, 32, 205
aristosa (Michx.) Nutt., 212 , .
aurea (Ait.) Nutt., 340
708 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Diodonta Nutt.
Bidentoides Nutt., 32, 203
coronata (L.) Nutt., 221
involucrata Nutt., 218
leptophylla Nutt. ex Walp., 228, 229
mitis (Michx.) Nutt., 228
sect.(?) Heterodonta Nutt., 31
sect. Meduseae Nutt., 32, 205
Diptera, 27
Discopoda DC. (sect.), 18, 30
Dolicotheca Cass., 17, 23
Ebussa Sherff (sect.), 33
Edwarsia Necker, 17
Ericentrodea Blake & Sherff, 640
mirabilis (Sherff) Blake & Sherff, 592,
640
Fagraea, 85
Fulsotsia Sherff (sect.), 31
Glossogyne
chinensis (L.) Less., 428
pinnatifida (Buch.-Ham.) DC., 642,
643
tenuifolia (LaBill.) Cass., 637, 639,
640, 644
tridentata (Turcz.) Benth. & Hook.,
644
Greenmania Sherff (sect.), 23, 31, 186
Guizotia
abyssinica Cass., 642
Gymnopsis
glaberrima Schz. Bip. ex Bak. in
Mart., 484
Helianthus
annuus L., 26
laevis L., 313
Heliopsis
laevis, 29
Hemiptera, 27
Heterodonta Nutt., 205
Heterodonta (Nutt.) Sherff (sect.), 31,
205
Heterosperma, 11, 114, 642, 645
involucratum (Phil.) Reiche, 638
maritimum Kunth, 642, 643
ovatifolium Cav., 643
ovatum Willd., 643
rhombifolium (Schz. Bip.) Griseb.,
642, 643
Xantii A. Gray, 645
Hydrocarpaea A. Gray (sect.), 30
Hymenoptera, 27
Isocarpha
Atriplicifolia (L.) R. Br., 635
Isostigma, 11, 464
acaule (Bak.) Chod., 633
megapotamicum (Spreng.) Sherff, 464
Isostigma
Peucedanifolium (Spreng.) Less., 464
Scorzoneraefolium (Bak.) Sherff, 638,
643
Iva
frutescens Hort., 646
Kerneria
bipinnata (L.) Godr. & Gren., 366
dubia Cass., 421
Ferulaefolia (Jacq.) Cass., 332
Helianthoides (H.B.K.) Cass., 314
leucantha (L.) Cass., 430
pilosa (L.) Lowe, 413
var. discoidea (Schz. Bip.) Lowe,
413
var. radiata (Schz. Bip.) Lowe, 430
Rubifolia (H.B.K.) Cass., 187
serrulata (Poir.) Cass., 527, 529
tetragona Moench, 345, 430
Lantana, 133, 136, 143, 153
Laxmannia
arborea Forst. & Forst. f., 634
Leidon
mite (Michx.) Shuttlw. ex Sherff, 228,
232
Leiodon, 232
aureum Shuttlw., 230, 232
. Lepidoptera, 27
Lesperthema Sherff (sect.), 33
Lipochaeta
asymmetrica Levl., 99, 101, 117
Lucilia
cornicina, 27
Lythrum
Hyssopifolia, 16
Meduseae (Nutt.) Sherff (sect.), 32
Megalodonta Greene, 11, 22, 30
Beckii (Torr.) Greene, 26, 635
Melananthera
hastata (Walt.) Michx., 639
Melanthera
hastata (Walt.) Michx., 639
nivea (L.) O. E. Schulz, 640
Metrosideros, 107, 116, 134
Microlecane Schz. Bip. (pro subgenere),
629
Microlecane (Schz. Bip.) Benth. &
Hook., 630
abyssinica (Schz. Bip.) Benth. &
Hook, ex O. Hoffm., 629
Musineon, 454
Neurophyllum Sherff (sect.), 23, 31
Notoptera
hirsuta (Sw.) Urb., 638
Oniscus, 560
Pandanus, 116
Pectis
tenella, 644
GENERAL INDEX
709
Phalangium, 580
Pieres
hellica, 27
Platycarpaea DC. (sect.), 18, 32, 236,
320, 321
Pluridens Necker, 17
Populus, 116
deltoides Marsh., 116
Prestinaria
abyssinica Schz. Bip., 615
Pseudohepatorium
foemina Dodon. ex Rupr. 269, 278
Psilocarpaea DC. (sect.), 18, 32
Salmea
scandens (L.) DC., 643
Scandicina, 454
Selvorngea Sherff (sect.), 31
Senecio, 27
Spilanthes, 640
Acmella (L.) Murr., 634
insipida Jacq., 638
Ocymifolia (Lam.) A. H. Moore, 640
oleracea L., 634, 637, 638, 641
urens Jacq., 112, 634
Stenolobium, 85
Steppia (Schz. Bip. in Walp.) Sherff
(sect.), 32, 630
Synedrella
nodiflora (L.) Gaertn., 276
Syrphus, 27
Taraxacum
officinale Weber, 28
Taraxacum
palustre
var. vulgare (Lam.) Fern., 28
Thelesperma, 11, 33, 464, 632
gracile (Torr.) A. Gray, 638
megapotamicum (Spreng.) 0. Ktze.,
464, 639, 641
Scabiosoides Less., 464
Trichospira
verticillata (L.) Blake, 644
Verbena
supina Trag. ex Rupr., 269, 278
Verbesina, 172, 278
abyssinica (Schz. Bip.) A. Rich., 615
crocata (Cav.) Less, ex DC., 637
integrifolia Rupr., 299, 300
lineata A. Rich., 627
minima Dillen., 298, 299
minima Dillen. ex Rupr., 300
pseudo-acmella L., 642
Rueppellii (Schz. Bip.) A. Rich, ex
Vatke, 617
Ruppellii (Schz. Bip.) A. Rich., 616
tripartita (L.) Rupr., 269, 278
Viguiera
fusiformis Blake, 644
Xylosma, 85
Zexmenia
frutescens (Mill.) Blake, 638
var. genuina Blake, 638
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