THE UNIVERSITY
OF ILLINOIS
LIBRARY
HIM 1 -
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893
VOLUME XVI
THE GENUS BIDENS
PART II THE LIBRARY OF THE
OCT8-1937
~~7~ UNIVERSITY OF iLLiNOIS
BY
EARL EDWARD SHERFF
RESEARCH ASSOCIATE IN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY
B. E. DAHLGREN
CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
EDITOR
PUBLICATION 389
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
SEPTEMBER 21, 1937
Natural History
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893
VOLUME XVI
THE GENUS BIDENS
THE LIBRARY OF THE
QCT8-1937
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
BY
EARL EDWARD SHERFF
RESEARCH ASSOCIATE IN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY
B. E. DAHLGREN
CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
EDITOR
PUBLICATION 389
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
SEPTEMBER 21, 1937
FEINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
580,5
^
THE GENUS BIDENS
EARL EDWARD SHERFF
102. Bidens acuticaulis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 59: 301. 1915.
PI. CIV, figs. j-r.
Herba annua, tenerrima, 4-9 dm. alta; caule acute angulato,
^ramoso; ramis adscendentibus, acutissime angulatis et fere suba-
\_latis, remote pubescentibus. Folia petiolata petiolis 2-10 mm.
*j longis, petiolo adjecto 1-4 cm. longa, pinnata vel irregulariter bipin-
^.nata; foliolis (et lobis) linearibus, 0.5-1 mm. latis. Capitula multa,
terminalia, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 3-4 mm. alta et 2.5-3.5 mm.
lata (fructificantia demum 1-1.2 cm. alta et 4-5 mm. lata). Involu-
crum basi pubescens; bracteis exterioribus linearibus, plus minusve
pubescentibus, 3-4 mm. longis; interioribus lanceolatis, 1.5-3 mm.
longis. Flores ligulati circ. 4, parvi, subflavidi vel fere albi, 2-
(4-) striati, 3-5 mm. longi. Achaenia anguste linearia, subnigra,
plano-convexa, remotissime pubescentia, margine adscendenti-
ciliata, apice erecto-hispida et biaristata, corpore 6-12 mm. longa et
0.5-0.9 mm. lata, aristis retrorsum hamosis 1.5-2 mm. longis.
Type specimen : Collected by John Gossweiler, No. 4052, in herb-
grown woods, Kassuango-Kuiriri, Angola, April 4, 1906 (Brit.,
2 sheets).
Distribution: Known only from type locality, Kassuango-
Kuiriri, Angola.
Specimens examined: Gossweiler 4052 (type, Brit., 2 sheets).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CIV, figs, j-r
Bidens acuticaulis: j, flowering and fruiting lateral branch of
specimen, X0.68; k, separate leaf, Xl.02; I, portion of an extremely
sharp-angled branch, X3.4; ra, exterior involucral bract, X6.79;
n, interior involucral bract, X6.79; o, ray corolla, X6.79; p, palea,
X2.04; q, disc floret, X6.79; r, achene, X2.72; all from 2nd type
sheet
103. Bidens oligocarpa Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 92: 206. 1931.
PI. LXXXII, figs. j-l.
Herba annua, erecta, gracilis, 4-6 dm. alta, caule ramisque acriter
tetragonis et sparsissime hispidis. Folia petiolata petiolis tenuibus
347
1 056908
348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
ciliatis usque ad 1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-8 cm. longa,
pinnatim 3-5-partita; foliolis ovatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, valde
membranaceis, acriter serratis dentibus indurato-apiculatis, faciebus
sparsim minuteque adpresso-hispidis, marginibus ciliatis, terminali
usque ad 2 cm. lato et apice acuminate. Capitula pauca, ramos
(pedunculos) tenuissimos usque ad 8 cm. longos terminantia, radiata,
pansa ad anthesin circ. 1.2-1.6 cm. lata et 5-7 mm. alta. Involucri
subglabri bracteae exteriores 5-7, tenuissime iineares, hispido-
ciliatae, supra moderate dilatatae, apice acerrimae, 1.5-2.3 mm.
longae; interiores late lanceolatae vel oblongo-ovatae, apice pubes-
centes, 3-3.5 mm. longae. Flores ligulati 4-5, rosacei, ligula oblongi
vel anguste obovati, apice obtuso obsolete denticulati, 7-9 mm.
longi. Achaenia circ. 6-8, linearia, obcompresso-tetragona, omnino
circ. 8- (unica facie 2-) sulcata, atra, superne sensim angustata,
exalata, plus minusve erecto-hispida setis e faciebus ipsis vel e
papillis ortis, corpore 6-10.5 mm. longa et 0.7-0.9 mm. lata, apice
biaristata aristis retrorsum hamosis, 0.4-1 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by C. E. Lloyd, No. 409, State of Sonora,
Mexico, 1890 (Gray).
Distribution: State of Sonora, Mexico.
Specimens examined: Lloyd 409 (type, Gray).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXII, FIGS, j-l
Bidens oligocarpa: j, cauline leaf, X0.65; k (flowering), I (fruit-
ing), heads, X 0.65; all from type.
104. Bidens amphicarpa Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 88: 290. 1929.
PI. LXXXII, figs. a-i.
Herba annua, gracilis, ramosa, 1-6 dm. alta; caule quadrangulato
ac saepe purpurascenti, nunc pubescenti nunc glabrato. Folia
tenuiter petiolata petiolis usque ad 2 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto
usque ad 5 cm. longa, pinnatim 3-5-partita; foliolis valde mem-
branaceis, glabratis vel sparsim adpresso-hispidis, ciliatis et ple-
rumque minutissime atro-marginatis, unico latere grosse 1-4-serratis
dentibus acerrime apiculatis, lateralibus ovatis, terminali lanceo-
late vel fere lineari. Capitula in pedunculis tenuissimis usque ad
1 dm. longis ramos terminantibus disposita, radiata, pansa ad anthe-
sin tantum circ. 6-7 mm. alta et 8-10 mm. lata. Involucri brac-
teae exteriores 5-8, tenuiter Iineares, basi extrinsecus marginaliter-
que superne tantum marginaliter hispidae, apice acerrime mucro-
natae, demum circ. 4 mm. longae, bracteis interioribus lanceolatis
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate LXXXIX
BIDENS BIGELOVII Gray (figs, a-fc)
BIDENS BIPINNATA L. (figs, l-s)
THE GENUS BIDENS 349
atro-brunneis vel atro-purpurascentibus sed marginibus albido-
diaphanis apice ciliatis plerumque subaequales. Flores ligulati
circ. 5, ligula oblanceolati, 3-5 striis percursi, subflavidi vel sub-
rosacei, apice saepe 2- (3-) dentati, 5-6 mm. longi; tubulosi 8-14.
Achaenia exteriora subplana, unica facie circ. 4-sulcata, infra parce
supra valde erecto-setosa, badia vel rubro-straminea, corpore 5-8
mm. longa, interiora tereti-quadrangulata, omnino 8-sulcata, maxima
ex parte atra sed apice brunneo-straminea, erecto-setosa (interdum
valde perspicueque tuberculato-setosa), elongato-linearia et supra
saepe cervicem formantia, corpore demum 9-15 mm. longa; omnia
recta vel subrecta, 2-3-aristata aristis tenuibus retrorsum hamosis,
2.5-4 mm. longis, demum saepe caducis.
Type specimen: Collected by Townsend S. Brandegee, Sierra de
la Laguna, Lower California, January 23, 1899 (Calif.).
Distribution: Known only from Lower (Baja) California.
Specimens examined : Brandegee, Sierra de la Laguna, January 23,
1890 (type, Calif.); idem, Sierra de San Francisquito, March 28,
1892 (Field).
Differs from glabrous or subglabrous forms of the similarly
amphicarpous Bidens Anthriscoides DC. in the dissection and outline
of the leaflets, in its proportionately much longer external involucral
bracts, 1 and in its straighter achenes. The general aspect is some-
what like that in stunted, slender forms of B. pilosa var. bimucronata
f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff, but the very narrow external bracts and the
dimensions of the flowering and fruiting heads (the latter with
fewer achenes) distinguish it from that form.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXII, FIGS, a-i
Bidens amphicarpa: a, flowering and fruiting branch, X0.65;
6, c, exterior involucral bracts, X5.22; d, interior involucral bract,
X5.22; e, ray corolla, X5.22;/, palea, X5.22; g, disc floret, X5.22;
h (outer but not outermost), i (inner), achenes, X2.61; all from type.
105. Bidens oligantha Brandegee, Zoe 5: 224. 1905.
PL LXXXIII, figs. a-h.
Herba erecta, annua, 2-3 dm. alta; caule parce puberulento,
simplici vel supra subramoso. Folia membranacea, breviter petiolata
petiolis 2-8 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto plerumque 1-3 cm. longa,
1 In B. Anthriscoides DC. the outer bracts are only about one-half or three-
fifths the length of the inner ones, notwithstanding DeCandolle's original descrip-
tion ("invol. squamis. . .inter se subaequalibus": Prodr. 5: 601. 1836).
350 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
lamina glabrata, trifida vel tripartita; foliolo terminal! lineari-
lanceolato, acuminate, plus minusve serrato, 1.5-2 cm. longo, latera-
libus ovato-acuminatis, serratis vel inciso-serratis, 5-8 mm. longis.
Capitula pauca, tenuissime pedunculata pedunculis 6-10 cm. longis,
radiata, pauciflora (floribus tubulosis circ. 6-12), pansa ad anthesin
5 mm. lata et 4 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae exteriores 5,
lineares, perspicue ciliatae, apice acres, circ. 3 mm. longae, inte-
rioribus ovato-lanceolatis late diaphano-marginatis interdum fere
aequales. Flores ligulati circ. 4-5, albidi vel subrosacei, purpureo-
striati, circ. 3 mm. longi, triangulato-obovati. Achaenia pauca,
recurvata, tenuiter linearia, subplana, nigra, glabra vel ad angulos
valde tuberculato-hispida, biaristata (vel interdum exaristata ex
Brandeg.), aristis (retrorsum hamosis hamis perpaucis vel demum
calvis) circ. 1 mm. longis; pauca crassiuscula supra et corpore circ.
5 mm. longa, reliqua attenuata supra (et plerumque corpore 7-10
mm. longa! Brandeg. 5 mm. dixit inaccurate!).
Type specimen: Collected by Townsend S. Brandegee at Cofra-
dia (vicinity of Culiacan), State of Sinaloa, Mexico, October 21,
1904 (Calif.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality in the State of
Sinaloa, Mexico.
Specimens examined :Brandegee, Cofradia, October 21, 1904 (type,
Calif.: cotypes, Field; Gray).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXIII, FIGS, d-k
Bidens oligantha: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.68;
6, exterior involucral bract, X4.77; c, interior involucral bract,
X4.77; d, ray corolla, X4.77; e, palea, X4.77; /, disc floret, X4.77;
g (outer), h (inner), achenes, X2.72; all from cotype, in Hb. Gray.
106. Bidens Andrei Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 61: 495. 1916.
PI. LXXXIV, figs. k-s.
Herba (ad basim suffrutescens?), 1-2 m. alta, glabrata, caule
tetragono et striato; ramis tetragonis, striatis, (superioribus) irregu-
lariter arcuatis et in nonnullos ramulos (vel pedunculos) divisis.
Folia petiolata petiolis 0.3-2 cm. longis basi connatis, petiolo adjecto
2.5-7 cm. longa, bi- vel tri-(vel quadri-) pinnata, supra minute et
non dense adpresso-hispida; ultimis segmentis linearibus, integris
vel lobulatis, indurato-apiculatis. Capitula multa, tenuiter pedun-
culata pedunculis 4-12 cm. longis, radiata, pansa ad anthesin tan-
turn 5-6.5 mm. lata et circ. 4 mm. alta, demum (in fructu) usque ad
1 cm. alta. Involucrum basi plus minusve hispidum, bracteis demum
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany. Vol. XVI, Plate XC
a b d
BIDENS LEPTOCEPHALA Sherfl
THE GENUS BIDENS 351
valde et perspicue reflexis; exterioribus (circ. 6) linearibus, apicu-
latis, subsparsim pubescentibus, tantum 1-2 mm. longis; interioribus
lanceolatis, membranaceis, 2-3 mm. longis, margine diaphanis.
Flores ligulati (6 vel pauciores) ligula lanceolati, 4-5-striati, apice
integri, 3-4 mm. longi, in specimine sicco subalbi. Achaenia tenuis-
sime attenuato-linearia, tetragona, ad apicem brunnea, alibi atra,
supra sparsim erecto-hispida, corpore 0.5-1 cm. longa et tantum
0.3-0.6 mm. lata, biaristata aristis glabris vel retrorsum hamosis,
usque ad 1.6 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Edouard Francois Andre, No. 2878,
at altitude of 1,250 meters, Rio Juanambu, Colombia, April 28,
1876 (Gray).
Distribution: Known only from type locality, Rio Juanambu,
Colombia.
Specimens examined: Andre 2878 (type, Gray: cotype, Kew).
The type specimen was restudied in 1922 and again in 1925.
The 20-30 areolae on the old disks become prominent as the invo-
lucres reflex. There are 37 heads on the type. The plant appears to
be entirely herbaceous, but the label says "suffrutesc.," hence the
lower part of the plant (not present on the sheet) may have been
woody. The species stands very close to B. pilosa var. alausensis f .
scandicina (H.B.K.) Sherff, from which it appears to differ in its
taller stature, more acutely tetragonal stems, longer internodes,
finally much reflexed involucres, and, most of all, its very minute
flowering heads, these measuring only about 4 mm. high and equally
wide. 1
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXIV, FIGS. k-S
Bidens Andrei: k, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.65; I,
top of peduncle showing areolate receptacle and involucre reflexed
in age, X9.16; m, portion of leaf showing pubescence, X5.23; n,
exterior involucral bract, X5.23; o, interior involucral bract, X5.23;
p, ray corolla, X5.23; q, palea, X5.23; r, disc floret, X5.23; s, achene,
X3.92; all from type.
107. Bidens Anthriscoides DC. Prodr. 5: 600. 1836; cf. Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 61: 497. 1916. PI. LXXXIII, figs. i-q.
Folia tripartite B. Anthriscoides sensu stricto.
Folia bipinnata var. /3. decomposita.
1 It may be observed that in the somewhat comparable case of B. ramosissima
Sherff the finally reflexed involucres and the minute size of the flowering heads
were later concluded to be only subformal variations of B. pilosa var. bimucronata
f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff.
352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Annua, erecta vel suberecta, ramosa, tota dense pubescenti-
hirta vel etiam glabriuscula, 3-5 dm. alta; caule ramisque acriter
tetragonis. Folia tenuiter petiolata petiolis 0.5-3 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto 3.5-9 cm. longa, membranacea, ciliata, tripartita, infimorum
foliolis lateralibus ovatis acutis subaequalibus medio vix dissimi-
libus, mediorum superiorumque foliolis lateralibus ovatis medio
duplo longiore petiolulato lanceolato utrinque attenuate, omnibus
serratis. Capitula ramulos terminantia, radiata, pansa ad anthesin
8-11 mm. lata et 5-9 mm. alta, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis
1-8 cm. longis. Involucrum tomentosulum vel breviter hispidulum;
bracteis exterioribus 6-8, adpressis vel subsquarrosis, linearibus,
apice acerrime indurato-mucronulatis, tantum 1.5-3 mm. longis et
non interiores lanceolatas subaequantibus (DeCandolleus invol. squa-
mis disco et inter se subaequalibus dixit per errorem!); interiori-
bus 4-5 mm. longis. Flores ligulati 3 vel 4, parvi, ligula obovato-
elliptici, leviter vel valde rosacei (exsiccati saepe subflavidi), apice
truncate vel emarginato obtuse (saepius tri-) dentati, circ. 5 mm.
longi. Achaenia pauca, 3-12 in unico capitulo; exteriora linearia
vel lineari-fusiformia, valde obcompressa, flavido-brunnea vel rufo-
badia, conspicue tuberculato-setulosa, corpore 6-7 mm. longa;
interiora tenuissime elongato-linearia, supra attenuata sed non vero
rostrata, subrecta vel saepius recurvata, atra, plus minusve tetra-
gona, tuberculis saepe flavidis tuberculato-setulosa vel saepe una
facie glabrata, corpore 9-21 mm. longa; omnia superne demum late
distantia, apice breviter biaristata; aristis stramineis, retrorsum
hamosis, 0.2-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Jean Luis Berlandier, No. 1010,
Cordillera de Guchilaque (near Cuernavaca, State of Morelos),
Mexico, October, 1827 (Del.). 1
Distribution: Southwestern Mexico.
Specimens examined: Berlandier 1010 (type, Del., 3 sheets:
cotypes, Brit.; Flor.; Par.); idem 1152, Cordillera de Guchilaque,
Mexico, October, 1827 (Del., 2 sheets; Flor., aristis saepe brevibus
vel obsoletis; Par.); C. G. Pringle 11822 pro parte, ravine near
Guadalajara, Jalisco, October 17, 1903 (Field).
As stated before (Sherff, loc. cit.), examination of cotype material
in London (Brit.) and Paris (Par.) shows the species to have radiate
heads, not discoid as described by DeCandolle, exterior involucral
bracts much shorter than the interior, not subequal, and some of the
1 No. 1010 is the first cited specimen and hence may pass as the type. De
Candolle founded the species upon Berlandier 's Nos. 1010 and 1152, both from
the same locality. The specimens are identical.
THE GENUS BIDENS 353
achenes reaching a total length of 2.1 cm. The type and cotype
specimens are of the very pubescent form and have tripartite leaves.
Bidens Anthriscoides var. 0. decomposita Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 80: 380. 1925.
A specie foliis bipinnatis (segmentis ultimis oblongo-ovatis, cal-
loso-apiculatis) differt.
Type specimen: Collected by Cyrus Guernsey Pringle, No. 11822
pro parte, ravine (barranca) near Guadalajara, State of Jalisco,
Mexico, October 17, 1903 (Kew).
Distribution: Known only from type locality, near Guadalajara,
State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Specimens examined : Pringle 11822 pro parte (type, Kew: cotypes,
Berl.; Gray; U.S.).
Pringle 11822 in the Herbarium of Field Museum has the leaves
tripartite and matches the type material of B. Anthriscoides DC.
(Berlandier 1010, Del.; Brit.; Par.) fairly well except in being gla-
brate. Elsewhere, the specimens of Pringle 11822 are seen to have
delicately bipinnate leaves, similar to those of B. pilosa var. bimu-
cronata f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff. Through this form, apparently best
regarded as a variety, B. Anthriscoides DC. is found to be rather
closely related to a form (the B. inermis Wats.) of B. pilosa var.
bimucronata f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff. 1
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXIII, FIGS, i-q
Bidens Anthriscoides: i (lower), j (upper), portions of flowering
and fruiting specimen, X0.68; k, exterior involucral bract, X4.77;
/, interior involucral bract, X4.77; ra, ray floret, X4.77; n, palea,
X4.77; o, disc floret, X4.77; p (outer), q (inner), achenes, X2.72;
all from Berlandier 1010 (type collection) i, j, mainly from sheet in
Hb. Brit., but partly from sheets in Hb. Par.; k, I, n-q, from sheet
in Hb. Brit.; ra, from sheet in Hb. Par.
108. Bidens Chrysanthemifolia (H.B.K.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
61:501.1916. PI. LXXXV.
Cosmos Chrysanthemifolius H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: 188 (239)
and pi. 382. 1820.
Cosmea Chrysanthemifolia (H.B.K.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 3: 615.
1826.
Cosmos Chrysanthemoides H.B.K. ex DC. Prodr. 5: 607. 1836.
1 The var. decomposita is not to be confused with the var. angustiloba DC., a
plant referable to B. duranginensis Sherff (q.v.).
354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Cosmea Chrysanthemoides H.B.K. ex Heynhold, Nomencl. 222. 1840.
Bidens Kunthii Schz. Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 308.
1852-1857.
Bidens parvulifolia Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 56: 490. 1913.
Herba ut videtur interdum perennis, breviter et dense pilosa vel
maxima ex parte glabrata; caule subsimplici, adscendenti vel plus
minusve repenti, tetragono, 1.5-4 dm. longo. Folia petiolata
petiolis ciliatis pilosiusculisque 4-13 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto
1-2.5 cm. longa, variabilia; mine pinnato-quinquepartita, circumam-
bitu ovato-triangularia, foliolis oppositis, duobus inferioribus tri- vel
quinquefidis, tribus superioribus trifidis, segmentis obovato-
cuneatis et quibusdam apice bi- vel trilobis lobis acutis; nunc etiam
fere omnia indivisa, ovata, acuta vel subacuminata, serrata. Capi-
tula terminalia, solitaria vel subsolitaria, longe tenuiterque pedun-
culata pedunculis 5-17 cm. longis et plerumque glaberrimis, erecta,
radiata, pansa ad anthesin 2-3.3 cm. lata et circ. 6-8 mm. alta.
Involucrum basi hispidum vel omnino glabrum; bracteis exterioribus
7 vel 8, linearibus vel superne saepe subdilatatis, saepe subcarnosis,
apice plerumque obtusis, margine costaque mediana raro paucis
pilis instructis, 2.5-3.5 mm. longis; interioribus lanceolatis, 5-6 mm.
longis. Flores ligulati 5-8, rosacei (vel in speciminibus exsiccatis
saepe subflavidis), ligula oblongo-elliptici vel oblanceolati, apice
obsolete denticulati, 1-1.5 cm. longi. Achaenia linearia et inferne
subattenuata, obcompresso-tetragona, glabra, nigra, corpore 4.5-7
mm. longa, biaristata; aristis aurantiaco-flavidis, tenuibus, supra
retrorsum hamosis, 1.2-1.8 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Alexander Humboldt and Aime
Bonpland, 1799-1804, the locality uncertain; thought by Kunth to
have come perhaps from Mexico, but it is known at present only
from Guatemala (Par.).
Distribution: Known only from Department of Amatitlan,
Guatemala.
Specimens examined: Heyde & Lux 6162, alt. 900 meters, Frai-
janes, September, 1893 (Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Field; Kew; U.S.; nom.
vernac., mosote); iidem 6163, Guatemala (Field, type of Bidens
parvulifolia Sherff) ; iidem 6173, alt. 900 meters, Fraijanes, September,
1893 (Berl.; Brit.; Boiss.; Field; Kew); Humboldt & Bonpland, loco
ignoto (type, Par.); W. A. Kellerman 6112, alt. 2,490 meters, crater
of Volcan de Pacaya, January 6, 1907 (Field) ; Scherzer, alt. 2,700-
3,300 meters, Volcan de Pacaya, August, 1854 (Mus. V., sub nom.
Bidente pacayae Schz. Bip.).
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCI
BIDENS ENGLERI O. E. Schulz (figs, a-/)
BIDENS CYLINDRICA Sherff (figs, g-l)
OF 'THE
THE GENUS BIDENS 355
This species was stated definitely by DeCandolle (loc. cit.) to
come from Mexico, but Kunth (H.B.K. loc. cit.) was uncertain as to
its native country. It is known definitely only from Guatemala.
DeCandolle commented upon the closer affinity of the achenes with
those of Bidens than with those of Cosmos. Whether he altered the
specific name through intent or through error, I am unable to say. 1
But later, Schultz Bipontinus (Seemann, loc. cit.), who frankly
declared his belief that Cosmos was not a valid genus, used this
altered name in citing it as a basis for his Bidens Kunthii, which
latter name, according to the International Rules, cannot stand.
Asa Gray (Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 16. 1884) strongly suspected
that this plant was merely Bidens humilis H.B.K. and suggested a
reexamination of the type material. Kunth (H.B.K. loc. cit.) had
described the color of the ligules as "violacea, basim versus sulphurea."
This description is borne out, not only by the coloring in the plate
cited (that is, in copies of Kunth's work having the plates colored,
as in John Crerar Library, Chicago), but by the type specimen in
Paris, clearly the one from which the plate was made. This speci-
men, though faded as to its rays, shows at least that the proximal
ends of the rays were colored differently from the remaining portions,
which latter seem surely to have been some shade of red.
More recently, there has been collected in the Department of
Amatitlan, Guatemala, fine material, Heyde & Lux 6173, which
belongs here. Singularly enough, it had been determined by John
Donnell Smith as Bidens humilis (cf. Gray, loc. cit.), but the roseate
rays and more or less Cosmos-like aspect are very distinct. The color
of the rays in the dry condition varies from a pronounced roseate
to a faded yellowish color, rather than showing a distinct sulphureous
color definitely located toward the base as described by Kunth.
Still further material from the same small district in Guatemala,
W. A. Kellerman 6112, has been collected and fortunately is in a
more mature condition. The ripe achenes match the ovary figured
by Kunth and show that there is not the slightest tendency to
become rostrate as in most species of Cosmos.
An examination of the original description of Bidens parvulifolia
(Sherff, loc. cit.) shows that the second cited specimen, Heyde &
1 In his Prodromus Herbarium DeCandolle had mistaken a single large speci-
men of Bidens pilosa var. bimucronata f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff for this species. The
original label had said "Bidens Cavanilles" and from the peculiar fades of the
plant, the writing, etc., it is clearly one of the original specimens of Bidens odorata
Cav. that had been sent out by Cavanilles. On the cover, DeCandolle originally
had written "B. Chrysanthemoides? H.B.K." but later had changed the "B." to
"C."
356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Lux 6162, seen in the United States National Herbarium, was
obtained by the same collectors at the same altitude, locality, and
time as Heyde & Lux 6173. The dried ligules were yellowish,
the leaves were pubescent, and all but the top pair were simple.
Since then I have found other specimens (Heyde & Lux 6162) show-
ing numerous intergradations between the simple, pubescent leaves
and the compound, mainly glabrous leaves; also, variations to a
roseate color are shown in the rays. Thus Bidens parvulifolia,
incredible as it may seem to any botanist who does not have at hand
the intermediate specimens, must be interpreted as merely a form
of Bidens Chrysanthemifolia having minute, mainly undivided leaves.
B. Chrysanthemifolia offers a perplexing approach to B. pilosa
var. bimucronata f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff. It seems significant,
however, that among the large number of specimens of the rather
widely distributed f. odorata examined from elsewhere than in the
Department of Amatitlan, Guatemala, none have been found to
present the gradations from glabrous, decompound to pubescent,
undivided leaves that B. Chrysanthemifolia presents.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXV
Bidens Chrysanthemifolia: a, c, flowering branches, X0.61; b,
leaf and portion of adjacent stem enlarged to show pubescence,
Xl.22; d-i, various pinnate or bipinnatisect cauline leaves, X0.61;
j, exterior involucral bract, X4.89; k, interior involucral bract,
X4.89; /, ray corolla, X4.89; m, palea, X4.89; n, disc floret, X4.89;
o (outer), p (inner), achenes, X2.4; a, b, from Heyde & Lux 6163
(type of Bidens parvulifolia Sherff), in Hb. Field; c, j-p, from Heyde
& Lux 6162, in Hb. U.S.; d-h, various cauline leaves from Heyde
& Lux 6173, in Hb. Kew; i, cauline leaf from type.
109. Bidens mollifolia Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 21. 1917.
PI. LXXXVI.
Herba annua, 1.2-1.8 m. alta (ex inscriptione Pringlei) ; caule et
ramis plus minusve acute tetragonis, subviridibus vel purpurascenti-
bus, dense tomentosis (vel supra etiam fere glabris) ; ramis ad finem
liberum in aliquot ramulos vel pedunculos divisis, ut quaeque planta
30-60 capitula habeat. Folia petiolata petiolis dense tomentosis
basi connatis 0.3-2.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2-9 cm. longa,
ternata vel pinnata, dense et molliter pilosiuscula vel tomentosula,
infra pallidiora; foliolis (3-7) ovatis vel lanceolatis, serratis, laterali-
bus (infimis interdum ternatis) 1-3.5 cm. longis et 0.5-2 cm. latis,
terminali 1.8-5 cm. longo et 0.7-2.3 cm. lato. Capitula breviter
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCII
BIDENS PSEUDALAUSENSIS Sherff (figs, a-g)
BIDENS CORNUTA Sherff (figs, h-n)
Of
Of
THE GENUS BIDENS 357
pedunculata pedunculis 0.5-3 cm. longis, radiata, 5-7 mm. alta et
ad anthesin ligulis adjectis (etiam cum achaeniis) 1.5-2 cm. lata.
Involucrum basi hispidum, bracteis exterioribus 6-8, linearibus,
ad apicem obtusis, sparsim hispidis et plus minusve ciliatis, 2-3 mm.
longis; interioribus lanceolatis, maxima ex parte glabris, 3-5 mm.
longis. Flores ligulati circ. 5, ligula obovati vel oblanceolati, rosacei,
3-7-striati, apice 2-4-lobulati lobulis subrotundis, 0.8-1 cm. longi.
Paleae lineares demum 5-7 mm. longae, terminis tortis achaenia
demum superantes. Achaenia subtetragona, clavae simillima, infra
angustiora, apice calva et areolata, atra, glabra, 3-6.5 mm. longa.
Type specimen : Collected by Cyrus Guernsey Pringle, No. 6050,
at altitude of 2,250 meters, Sierra de San Felipe, State of Oaxaca,
Mexico, November 16, 1894 (Gray).
Distribution: Known only from State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Specimens examined: E. W. Nelson 1176 pro parte, alt. 2,850-
3,300 meters, vicinity of Sierra de San Felipe (Cerro San Felipe),
September 1, 1894 (U.S.); idem 1363, alt. 2,250-2,850 meters, 18
miles southwest of City of Oaxaca, September 10-20, 1894 (Gray) ;
idem 1476 pro parte, alt. 1,650-2,250 meters, Valley of Oaxaca,
September 20, 1894 (Gray); Pringle 6050 (type, Gray: cotypes,
Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Cam.; Del.; Field; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V.;
N.Y.;Par.;Phila.;U.V., etc.).
A species of highly restricted distribution. It appears most closely
related to Bidens pilosa var. calcicola, which at times offers a strong
resemblance. The clavate achenes of B. mollifolia, however, seem
very distinctive.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXVI
Bidens mollifolia: a (upper), b (lower), portions of flowering and
fruiting specimen, X0.55; c, small portion of same enlarged to show
pubescence, Xl.66; d, exterior involucral bract, X3.32; e, interior
involucral bract, X3.32; /, ray corolla, X3.32; g, palea, X3.32; h,
disc floret,. X3.32; i, achene, X3.32; all from type.
110. Bidens Abadiae DC. Prodr. 5: 601. 1836.
PI. LXXXVII, figs, a, c-i.
Folia bipinnatisecta B. Abadiae sensu stricto.
Folia pinnatim 3-5-partita var. /3. pilosoides.
Herba annua, erecta, ramosa, pilis albidis plus minusve villoso-
hirsuta, caule tetragona, probabiliter 4-9 dm. alta, internodiis
elongatis quam foliis multo longioribus. Folia petiolata petiolis 1-4
358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 7-15 cm. longa, circumambitu late tri-
angulata, bipinnatisecta; segmentis principalibus 2-3 jugis, mem-
branaceis, anguste oblongo-ovatis, grosse inciso-dentatis terminali
trilobo basi cuneato, infra (exsiccatis) multo pallidioribus, dentibus
obtusis abrupte mucronatis. Capitula non numerosa, pedunculata
pedunculis 2-4 cm. longis, breviter radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ.
1.5 cm. lata et 6-9 mm. alta. Involucri bracteae glabrae vel villoso-
hirsutae, subaequales, 5-7 mm. longae; exteriores moderatim lineares,
supra dilatatae, apice acriter apiculatae; interiores lanceolatae vel
ovato-lanceolatae. Flores ligulati 4-6, pro capitulo parvi, exsiccati
albi, ligula ovati, circ. 5-7-striati, 6-8 mm. longi. Achaenia linearia,
subtetragona, atra, omnino circ. 8-sulcata, supra marginibus et
costis medianis adrecte setosa, corpore 4.6-6 mm. longa et 0.5-1 mm.
lata, 2- vel 3-aristata aristis brunneo-stramineis retrorsum hamosis
plerumque 1.5-2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Abadia around Lima, Peru, in 1833
(Del.).
Distribution: Vicinity of Lima, Peru; also in Ecuador and
Colombia.
Specimens examined: Abadia, Lima, Peru, 1833 (type, Del.);
Bro. Ariste-Joseph A832, Choaclu, above Bogota, Colombia, July
(U.S. ; forma internodiis longissimis) ; Alexander Mathews 738, Lima
(Kew); A. Mille 387, in cultivated places, Cotocollso, Ecuador,
February, 1922 (U.S.) ; Luis Mille 486, in cultivated places, June,
1904 (U.S.; forma); ex herb. Pavonii, Lima and Chancay, Peru
(Boiss.; Flor.).
Bidens Abadiae DC. was founded upon a specimen collected at
Lima, Peru, in 1833. The leaves of the type are bipinnatisect, and
the general aspect of the foliage is comparable with that of B. pilosa
var. bimucronata f. odorata (Cav.) Sherff. In the Boissier Herbarium
is the plant from the Pa von Herbarium, and collected at Lima or in its
vicinity, a plant matching the type very closely in its bipinnatisect
foliage. The technical characters of both the old and young heads
on these plants are very similar to those often met with in B. pilosa
L. The general habit is so distinct, however, that to equate B.
Abadiae and B. pilosa would seem unjustifiable.
Bidens Abadiae var. ft. pilosoides Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 40. 1926.
PI. LXXXVII, fig. 6.
A specie foliis pinnatim 3-5-partitis foliolis ovatis vel terminali
lanceolate omnibus serratis vel incisis apice obtusis vel acutis capi-
tulis plerumque eradiatis diversa; habitu B. pilosae adpropinquans.
THE GENUS BIDENS 359
Type specimen: Collected by Hugh Cuming, No. 1041, Lima,
Peru, in 1831 (Kew, 2 sheets).
Distribution: Peru.
Specimens examined: Cuming 1041 (type, Kew, 2 sheets);
W. Nation, cultivated places, Lima, 1862 (Kew); ex herb. Pavonii
ex Peru (Webb) ; Dr. & Mrs. J. N. Rose 18740 p. p., Santa Clara,
July 18, 1914 (N.Y.).
In the Webb Herbarium at Florence is the additional specimen
(just cited) from the Pavon Herbarium, and collected in Peru. This
has the leaves merely tripartite, with the terminal lobe subtripartite.
The specimens by Cuming and by Nation, all from Lima, likewise
differ from the DeCandolle type of B. Abadiae in having leaves
only once-divided. One of the Cuming specimens has leaves ap-
proaching those of the related B. pilosa var. alausensis (H.B.K.)
Sherff. Since the difference between the simply pinnate and the bi-
pinnatisect types of foliage appears here to be emphatic, as in the
varieties of B. pilosa, I have given the name pilosoides to the variety
having 3-5-partite leaves.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXVII
Bidens Abadiae, figs, a, c-i: a, flowering and fruiting specimen,
X0.52; c, portion of leaf enlarged to show pubescence, X3.14; d,
exterior involucral bract, X3.14; e, interior involucral bract, X3.14;
/, ray corolla, X3.14; g, palea, X3.14; h, disc floret, X3.14; i, achene,
X3.14; all from hb. Pavdn, Lima and Chancay, Peru, in Hb. Boiss.
Bidens Abadiae var. pilosoides, fig. b: cauline leaf, X3.14; from
W. Nation, Lima, Peru, 1862, in Hb. Kew.
111. Bidens Brandegeei Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 38. 1917.
PL LXXXVIII, figs. a-k.
Herba annua, erecta (nisi infra plus minusve arcuata), 3-5 dm.
alta, maxima ex parte albido-hispida, caule quadrangulato striato,
ramis tenuibus rursus ramosis. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.2-2.5 cm.
longis, petiolo adjecto 1-8 cm. longa, pinnata vel bipinnata, supra
minus albido-hispida; foliolis 3-5, ovatis (vel ovato-lanceolatis)
serratisque et iis Bidentis pilosae L. similibus vel pinnato-partitis,
lobulis vel dentibus indurato-apiculatis. Capitula pauca, terminalia,
radiata, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis monocephalicis et 3-8 cm.
longis. Involucri bracteae subaequales, exteriores (circ. 8) lineares,
1-nervatae, apiculatae, albido-ciliatae et -hispidae, 4-5 mm. longae;
interiores lanceolatae, membranaceae, glabratae vel pubescentes,
360 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
margine diaphanae. Flores ligulati circ. 5, ligula obovati, in speci-
mine sicco albido-flavi, 7-9-striati, ad apicem obscure dentati, 1-1.3
cm. longi. Achaenia (submatura) attenuato-linearia, striata, exari-
stata, supra antrorsum hispida, 4-6 mm. longa.
Type specimen : Collected by Townsend S. Brandegee, in vicinity
of San Luis Tultitlanapa, State of Puebla, near the Oaxaca boundary
line, Mexico, 1908 (Calif., 2 sheets).
Distribution: Known only from type locality, vicinity of San
Luis Tultitlanapa, State of Puebla (near Oaxaca boundary line),
Mexico.
Specimens examined : Brandegee, vicinity of San Luis Tul-
titlanapa, 1908 (Calif., first type sheet); idem, eodem loco, July, 1908
(Calif., second type sheet); C. A. Purpus 4429, eodem loco, August,
1908 (Calif.).
The first type sheet bears two fine specimens, the larger one
having its leaves bipinnately divided. The specimens on the second
type sheet have the leaves mainly 3-5-partite, as in B. pilosa. The
achenes suggest those of B. pilosa var. bimucronata. The ray florets
suggest the ray florets of B. pilosa var. radiata. The combination
of achenial and radial characters with the strange general aspect
(especially in the case of the first specimen, with its bipinnate and
particularly white-hispid foliage) is one that I have never observed
in authentic material of B. pilosa. It seems best, therefore, to retain
B. Brandegeei as a separate species.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXVIII, FIGS, a-k
Bidens Brandegeei: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.57;
6, c, more compound cauline leaves than in a, X0.57; d, small part
of plant enlarged to show pubescence, Xl.7; e, exterior involucral
bract, X4.54; /, interior involucral bract, X4.54; g, ray corolla,
X2.27; h, palea, X4.54; i, /, disc florets, X4.54; k, achene, X4.54;
a, e-k, from left-hand specimen on 2nd type sheet; b, from right-
hand specimen on 2nd type sheet; c, d, from left-hand specimen on
1st type sheet.
112. Bidens aequisquama (Fern.) Sherff, Bot. Gaz.
64: 26. 1917. PI. CIX, figs. k-t.
Bidens rosea var. aequisquama Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 68. 1907.
Herba 5 dm. alta; caule ramisque pubescentibus vel sub-
glabris, quadrangularibus, striatis. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.4-1.8
cm. longis hispidis ad basim connatis, petiolo adjecto 3-8.5 cm.
THE GENUS BIDENS 361
longa, indivisa vel tripartita, ciliata, supra subglabra, infra sparsim
adpresso-hispida et pallidiora; indivisa lanceolata, subcrasse ser-
rata; foliolis foliorum tripartitorum similiter serratis, terminali
ovato vel lanceolate, lateralibus ovatis et subsessilibus et minoribus.
Capitula terminalia, radiata, pedunculata pedunculis 1-6 cm. longis
et ad apicem creberrime albido-pubescentibus. Involucrum basi
hispidum; bracteis exterioribus 9-16, linearibus, hispidis, 2-4 mm.
longis; interioribus subaequalibus, lanceolatis, glabris vel ad apicem
et longitudinaliter medio hispidis, margine diaphanis. Flores
ligulati circ. 8, rosei, striati, apice irregulariter 2-4-dentati, saepius
9-11 mm. longi et 6-8 mm. lati. Achaenia nigra, linearia, ad apicem
plus minusve hispida, biaristata, corpore 4.5-7 mm. longa, aristis
flavis retrorsum hamosis 2.5-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Cyrus Guernsey Pringle, No. 10109,
in thickets at altitude of 1,500 meters, near Uruapan, Michoacan,
Mexico, November 1, 1905 (Gray).
Distribution: Michoacan, Mexico.
Specimens examined: Bro. G. Arsene, alt. 2,100 meters, Quinceo,
near Morelia, 1910 (Field, 3 sheets); idem 3198, alt. 2,800 meters,
Quinceo, November 11, 1909 (Berl.; Gray; Mo.); idem 5797, eodem
loco, 1910 (Gray; Mo. ; N.Y. ; U.S.) ; idem 6774, Dos Teteras, alt. 2,500
meters, vicinity of Morelia, October 26, 1911 (Mo.; U.S.); C. G.
Pringle 10109 (type, Gray: cotypes, Berl.; Brit.; Boiss.; Cop.; Del.;
Field; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V.; Phila.); idem 13420, Farascon,
October 11, 1904 (U.S.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CIX, FIGS, k-t
Bidens aequisquama: k, I, flowering and fruiting specimens,
X0.62; m, separate leaf, X0.62; n, lower surface of portion of leaf
showing pubescence, Xl.24; o, exterior involucral bract, X3.71; p,
interior involucral bract, X3.71; q, ray corolla, X3.71; r, palea,
X3.71; s, disc floret, X3.71; t, achene, X3.71; all from cotype, in
Hb. Field.
113. Bidens Bigelovii A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound.
91. 1858. PI. LXXXIX, figs. a-k.
Planta austro-mexicana var. /3. pueblensis.
Planta a Sonora borealiter distributa. . .B. Bigelovii sensu stricto.
Herba annua, erecta, fere glabra, 4-10 dm. alta; caule tetragono,
gracili, ramoso. Folia petiolata petiolis 1-2.5 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto usque ad 8 cm. longa, tripartita, segmentis 3-5-partitis,
362 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
lobis oblongis vel cuneatis et paucius pinnatifido-incisis dentibus
mucronatis, membranaceis, plus minusve ciliatis. Capitula sub-
solitaria, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis usque ad 15 cm. longis,
discoidea vel subradiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 6-9 mm. lata et
aequaliter alta. Involucrum basi hispidum; bracteis exterioribus
6-9, linearibus, tergo glabratis, margine ciliatis, termino acriter
apiculatis, 5-7.5 mm. longis; interioribus lanceolatis, saepe brevi-
oribus. Flores ligulati deficientes vel 3-5, albidi, ligula oblongo-
obovati, 5-7 mm. longi. Achaenia subtetragona, dimorpha; 1-4
exteriora lineari-cuneata, truncata, papilloso-hispidula et scaberrima,
saepe rufo-badia, corpore circ. 5-7 mm. longa, apice nunc obsolete
aristata nunc manifeste 2-3-aristata aristis retrorsum hamosis et
usque ad 1.5 mm. longis; cetera anguste linearia, atra, infra glabrata
supra plerumque erecto-hispida, corpore 8-12 mm. longa, apice 2-3-
aristata aristis retrorsum hamosis 1.5-3 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by John Milton Bigelow, No. "582(6),"
on banks of Limpio Creek (Rio Limpio), Texas, July 19, 1852 (Gray).
Distribution: Northern Colorado to southern New Mexico and
southern Arizona, also reaching slightly into northern Sonora,
Mexico.
Specimens examined : Bigelow, banks of Limpio Creek, etc.
(type, Gray: cotype, N.Y.); 1 idem, mountain arroyo, Rock Creek,
Texas, July (Gray; ab A. Grayo pro varietate innominata, achaeniis
triaristatis exterioribus longioribus habitum); J. C. Blumer 1486,
alt. 1,650 meters, Miss Rhoda Riggs' Ranch, along creek, Chiricahua
Mts., Arizona, October 22, 1906 (Field; Gray); idem 1711, alt. 1,590
meters, in shade, on sandy alluvium, near Cedar Gulch, Paradise,
Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September 21, 1907 (Berl.; Gray; Kew;
Mo., ubi B. leptocephalae adpropinquans; Mus. V.; U.S.); idem 2211,
alt. 1,590 meters, Paradise, Arizona, October 3, 1907 (Gray; N.Y.) ;
F. E. & E. S. Clements 64, alt. 2,200 meters, Engelmann Canyon,
Colorado, August 24, 1901 (Berl.; Del., 2 sheets; Mo.; N.Y.); C. S.
Crandall 2724, Ute Pass, Colorado, August 25, 1897 (Berl.; N.Y.;
Par.); W. W. Eggleston 17416, alt. 1,500 meters, Fort Davis, Texas,
September 19, 1920 (N.Y.; U.S.); George Engelmann, St. Louis,
Missouri, May, 1848 (cult, e seminibus ad Santa Fe, New Mexico,
lectis; Mo.); J. G. Lemmon, Apache Pass, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona,
September, 1881 (Mo.; alibi est B. leptocephala) ; idem 2771, near
1 The material at New York (from the old Torrey Herbarium) has the No.
582 and, additional to the Limpio locality and date, "Puerto de Paysano, Sept.
4, 1852."
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCIII
BIDENS TENUISECTA Gray
IKE
THE GENUS BIDENS 363
Fort Huachuca, southern Arizona (Gray); idem & uxor, Huachuca
Mts., Arizona, September, 1882 (Kew); 0. B. Metcalfe 839, on or
near West Fork of Gila River, Mogollon Mts., Socorro Co., New
Mexico, September 15, 1903 (U.S); idem 1096, moist loam, alt. about
1,980 meters, Kingston, New Mexico, July 9, 1904 (Berl.; Brit.;
Del.; Field; Gray; Mo.); Nealley 244, Limpio Canyon, western
Texas, 1889 (Field); C. C. Parry, Cibuta Valley, northern Sonora,
Mexico, July, 1852 (Gray; N.Y.); C. G. Pringle 18, Huachuca Mts.,
Arizona, July 8, 1884 (Gray) ; C. L. Shear 4587, Manitou, Colorado,
September 5, 1896 (N.Y.); E. 0. Wooton, Organ Mts., Dona Ana
Co., New Mexico, September 17, 1893 (N.Y.); idem, eodem loco,
September 28, 1902 (U.S.); idem, Filmore Canyon, eodem loco,
October 23, 1904 (U.S.); idem, Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, September
30, 1913 (U.S.) ; idem 430, alt. 1,440 meters, Organ Mts., New Mexico,
September 1, 1897 (Berl.; Boiss.; Calif.; Del.; Kew; Par.; U.S.;
U.V.); idem & P. C. Standley, alt. about 1,650 meters, eodem loco,
September 23, 1906 (U.S.); iidem, alt. about 1,800 meters, eodem
loco et tempore (U.S.); Charles Wright 346, western Texas, May-
October, 1849 (Gray).
Bidens Bigelovii var. 0. pueblensis Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 88: 287. 1929.
Folia principalia valde membranacea, tenuiter petiolata petio-
lis usque ad 3 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 5-7 cm. longa, circum-
ambitu triangulato-ovata, pinnata vel bipinnatisecta, segmentis
primariis ovatis saepe 2-3 cm. longis et 1.2-1.6 cm. latis. Flores
ligulati circ. 5, subflavi, circ. 6-7 mm. longi. Achaenia inferne
glabrata superne plus minusve erecto-setosa, apice biaristata (vel
exteriora interdum calva) aristis stramineis 1.5-3 mm. longis retror-
sum hamosis, dimorpha, exteriora clavata badia vel rubro-straminea
corpore tantum circ. 4.5-5.5 mm. longa, interiora atra corpore usque
ad 11 mm. longa et superne attenuata.
Type specimen: Collected by Fr. G. Arsene, No. 7211, vicinity
of Puebla, State of Puebla, Mexico, October, 1908 (U.S.).
Distribution: States of Michoacan, Mexico (with Federal Dis-
trict), Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, southern Mexico.
Specimens examined: G. Arsene 1982, Hacienda Batan, near
Tatimehuacan, vicinity of Puebla, State of Puebla, December 3,
1907 (U.S.); idem 5870, alt. 1,950 meters, Loma Santa Maria,
vicinity of Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico, September 4, 1910 (U.S.);
idem 7211 (type, U.S.); C. Conzatti 2261, alt. 2,000 meters, Cerro
364 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
San Felipe, Distr. del Centre, Oaxaca, Mexico, October 18, 1908
(Field); E. W. Nelson 3167, alt. 2,100-2,400 meters, near San Cristo-
bal, Chiapas, September 18, 1895 (Gray); F. Nicol&s 5557, Batan,
State of Puebla, November 14, 1910 (U.S.); C. G. Pringle 6784, near
Tlalpam, Valley of Mexico, Federal District, September 10, 1897
(Berl.; Boiss.; Del.; Gray; Mun.; Mus. V.). 1
The foliage of the observed specimens suggests strongly that of
Bidens duranginensis Sherff, but the dimorphic achenes reveal the
affinity with B. Bigelovii Gray, a species which, in its typical form,
is confined to a more northern range.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXIX, FIGS. 0,-k
Bidens Bigelovii: a, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.67; b,
fruiting branch, X0.67; c, exterior involucral bract, X4.02; d, interior
involucral bract, X4.02; e, ray corolla, X4.02; /, palea, X4.02; g,
disc floret, X4.02; h and j (outer), i and k (inner), achenes, X2.68;
a, c-i, from type; 6, Parry 882, in Hb. Gray; j, k, Bigelow, mountain
arroyo, Rock Creek, Texas, July (A. Gray's unnamed variety),
in Hb. Gray.
114. Bidens leptocephala Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 22. 1917.
PI. XC.
Herba annua, 1-5 dm. alta, ramosa; caule et ramis tetragonis,
saepius glabratis, striatis, tenuibus. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.3-4
cm. longis sparsim hispido-ciliatis ad basim connatis, petiolo
adjecto 2-10 cm. longa, 1.5-5.5 cm. lata, bipinnata (inferiora non
saepe unipinnata), minute ciliata, hispida (praecipue ad venas)
vel glabrata, segmentis nunc linearibus nunc etiam ovatis. Capitula
terminalia, subradiata vel discoidea, pansa ad anthesin 3-5 mm.
alta et 4-8 mm. lata, cum achaeniis 1-1.5 cm. alta et saepius 2-4
mm. lata, tenuissime pedunculata pedunculis 2-8 cm. longis. Invo-
lucrum basi subglabrum; bracteis exterioribus 4-6, linearibus, cili-
atis, 1-2.5 mm. longis; interioribus dimidio longioribus, lanceolatis,
glabris vel ad apicem pubescentibus. Flores ligulati (interdum defici-
entes) circ. 3, minimi (circ. 2.5 mm. longi et 1.2 mm. lati), integri
vel ad apicem bidentes, 4- vel 5-striati, subalbidi. Achaenia pauca
1 A form in the past confused by me with B. duranginensis and with B. pilosa
var. radiata. Cf. O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 138. 1911: "Equidem
hanc formam [subbiternatam O. Ktze.] in specimine unico a cl. Pringle (n. 6784)
in Mexico collecto observavi;"-eundem, Engler Bpt. Jahrb. 50, Suppl. 177. 1914:
"Nur ein einziges Mai habe ich in dem reichhaltigen Material des Berliner Bot.
Museums ein Exemplar gefunden, dessen unterste Fiederblattchen etwas geteilt
sind (Mexico: Pringle n. 6784)."
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCIV
/
BIDENS PAUPERCULA Sherff
THE GENUS BIDENS 365
(5-9 vel interdum -13), subtetragona, linearia, biaristata aristis
retrorsum hamosis, 1-3 mm. longis; quaedam exteriora badia vel sub-
nigra, hispida, corpore 6-8 mm. longa; interiora nigra vel ad apicem
helveola, infra glabra, supra hispida, corpore 0.9-1.4 cm. longa.
Type specimen: Collected by J. C. Blumer, No. 1712, in shade,
sandy alluvium soil at altitude of 1,615 meters, near Cedar Gulch,
Paradise, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, September 21, 1907 (Gray).
Distribution: State of Chihuahua (Mexico) northward into New
Mexico and westward into Arizona and Lower (Baja) California.
Specimens examined: J. M. Bigelow (Lt. A. W. Whipple's ExpL),
Hurrah Creek, northern Guadalupe Co., New Mexico, September 25,
1853-1854 (N.Y.); idem 581, "mountains near Estaban" (Gray;
N.Y.); Blumer 1712 (type, Gray: cotypes, BerL; Kew; Mo.; Mus. V.);
idem 2144, alt. 1,680 meters, Wilgus Ranch, base of rhyolite slope,
Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September 4, 1907 (U.S.); T. S.Brandegee,
San Bernardo, Lower California, October 13, 1893 (Calif.); idem,
Miraflores, Lower California, September 27, 1899 (N.Y.); idem 320,
mountains near Agua Caliente, Lower California, October 18, 1890
(Calif.) ',E. L. Greene 263, banks of the Upper Gila River, New Mexico,
August 29, 1880 (Gray) ; David Griffiths 1985, Hudson Ranch, near
Pierce, Arizona, October, 1900 (N.Y.); idem 5994, fenced area, Santa
Rita Mts. Forest Reserve, Arizona, September 27-October 4, 1903
(U.S.); idem 6014, above range reserve, Santa Rita Mts., Arizona,
September 12-October 18, 1903 (U.S. ; forma foliis Bidenti Bigelovii
adpropinquans) ; Griffiths & Thornber 65, Santa Rita Mts., Arizona,
September 20-October 4, 1902 (U.S.); M. E. Jones, alt. 1,350 meters,
Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, August 24, 1903 (Stanf.); J. G. Lemmon,
Apache Pass, Fort Bowie, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September,
1881 (Brit.; Calif.; Cam.; Field; Par., 2 sheets; alibi, e.g. Mo.,
est B. Bigelovii) ; idem 333, near Fort Huachuca, southern Arizona,
1882 (Gray); idem 3029, eodem loco, 1883 (Gray); idem & uxor,
Apache Pass, Fort Bowie, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September,
1881 (Brit.; Carn.; U.S.); C.G. Pringle 62, near Arivaca, Arizona,
August 31, 1884 (Gray) ; idem 534, near Chihuahua, State of Chihua-
hua, Mexico, September 6, 1885 (Gray); idem 1574, shaded banks,
Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, September 17, 1887 (Field; Mo.); J. J.
Thornber 72, alt. 1,500 meters, Stone Cabin Canyon, Santa Rita
Mts., Arizona, September 14, 1903 (Mo.; N.Y.); George Thurber,
near Chihuahua, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, October, 1852 (Gray) ;
idem 842, November (Gray) ; C. H. T. Townsend & C. M. Barber
411, alt. 2,100 meters, near Seven-star Mine, Sierra Madre, Chi-
366 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
huahua, September 7, 1899 (Brit.; Del.; Kew; Mo.; Par.); (E.O.
Wooton 430, formerly referred in small part to this species, seems
rather to be entirely B. Bigelovii;) C. Wright 12346i's pro parte, New
Mexico, 1851-1852 (Kew; Mo.; Phila.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XC
Bidens leptocephala: a, entire fruiting plant, X0.67; 6, exterior
involucral bract, X6.7; c, interior involucral bract, X6.7; d, ray
floret, X6.7; e, palea, X6.7; /, disc floret, X6.7; g (outer),' h (inner),
achenes, X5.36; all mainly from cotype in Hb. U.S.
115. Bidens bipinnata L. Sp. PI. 832. 1753.
PI. LXXXIX, figs. l-s.
Bidens fervida Hort. ex Colla, Herb. Pedem. 3: 306. 1834.
Bidens Myrrhidifolia Tausch, Flora 19: 394. 1836.
Bidens Cicutaefolia Tausch, op. cit. 395.
Bidens elongata Tausch, loc. cit. (ex descript. etc.).
Bidens tenuifolia Tausch, loc. cit.
Bidens decomposite, Wall, ex DC. Prodr. 5: 602. 1836.
Coreopsis Corymbifolia Ham. in Wall, ex DC. loc. cit. 1
Bidens Kotschyi Schz. Bip. ex Walp. Repert. 6: 168. 1846.
Bidens Kotschyana Schz. Bip. loc. cit.
Kerneria bipinnata (L.) Godr. & Gren. Fl. Fr. 2: 169. 1850.
Bidens pilosa var. bipinnata (L.) Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 309. 1881.
Bidens pilosa var. decomposita (Wall, ex DC.) J. D. Hook. loc. cit.
Bidens bipinnata var. minor Memm. Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci.
Soc. 30: 148. 1915.
Bidens pinnata L. ex Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 70: 94. 1920 (sphalm). 2
Folia normaliter bipinnata; involucri bracteis exterioribus apicaliter
acutis B. bipinnata sensu stricto.
Folia pinnata vel tantum foliolis imis tripartitis bipinnata; involucri
bracteis exterioribus superne dilatatis var. /3. biternatoides.
Herba annua, erecta, plerumque glabra sed rariter minute setoso-
hispida, ramosa, caule tetragona, 3-12 (-17) dm. alta. Folia tenuiter
1 Copies of Wallich's Catalogue seen by me give "Coreopsis? corindifolia Ham."
(cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 86: 442 and footnote 3. 1928), indicating a resemblance in
foliage to Corindum.
2 Bidens fervida Nocca (nomen in Fischer, Cat. Jard. PI. Razoum. Gorenki ed. 2.
37. 1812) is represented by two specimens (Petrop.) and is seen to be purely B.
bipinnata L. (cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 86: 442. 1928).
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCV
BIDENS PRINGLEI Greenm. (figs, a-h)
BIDENS HETEROSPERMA Gray (figs, i-o)
THE '
OF THt
UIWEHSIT! OF
THE GENUS BIDENS 367
petiolata petiolis 2-5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 0.4-2 dm. longa,
normaliter 2-3-pinnata, membranacea, ciliata, segmentis ultimis
saepe deltoideo- (vel rhomboideo) lanceolatis, basim versus cuneatis.
Capitula florescentia parva, 5-7 mm. alta et 4-6 mm. lata, peduncu-
lata pedunculis tenuibus et 1-10 cm. longis, obscure radiata. In-
volucrum ad basim pubescens, bracteis exterioribus 7-10, linearibus,
ad apicem acutis, 3-5 mm. longis; interioribus lineari-lanceolatis,
exteriores dimidio superantibus. Flores ligulati flavido-albidi,
ligula lanceolati vel obovato-lanceolati, apice integri vel valde irregu-
lariterque 2-3-lobulati, floribus tubulosis non longiores. Achaenia
linearia, tetragona, (rarissime 2-) 3- vel 4-aristata aristis flavidis
retrorsum hamosis plerumque 2-4 mm. longis; corpore plerumque
nigro, supra attenuate et saepe setis parvis sparsim vestito, infra
glabrato, 1-1.8 cm. longo; corpore 2-4 exteriorum saepe crassiore,
rufulo, minute et creberrime tuberculato-hispido, 0.7-1.2 cm. longo.
Type specimen: No type was cited. The habitat was given as
Virginia and the first pre-Linnean reference given for a synonym
(Chrysanthemum aquaticum, foliis multifidis cicutae nonnihil
similibus, virginianum. Herm. lugdb. 416. 1690) relates definitely
to a Virginia plant. 1 The nativity of the specimen in the Linnean
Herbarium is not indicated on the sheet.
Distribution: Rhode Island to Florida and westward to Kansas
and Mexico; rare in California; scattered in French Guiana, Brazil,
Argentina, Chile, etc.; common in northern Italy and the Tyrol
and extending into France; also in British East India, China, Corea,
Japan, Kordofan, islands of Madagascar and Sokotra (east coast
of Africa), Lizard Island (northeast coast of Australia), Philippine
Islands, etc. Probably native in recent times only to the eastern
United States and eastern Asia, elsewhere introduced. 2
Specimens examined: Ambrosius, in vineyards, Valsugana, Italy
(Del.); anon. (Linn., sub num. 6 et nom. bipinnata); anon. 63,
Lizard Isl., northeast coast of Australia, April, 1861 (Mus. V., 2
1 In early days the boundaries of Virginia extended much farther west, of
course, than at present. It may be added that in the later (posthumous) work of
Hermann's, his Paradisus Batavus (pi. 123. 1698), a crude illustration of an entire
plant was given, accompanied by the slightly modified name Chrysanthemum
Virginianum foliis Cicutae nonnihil Similibus. The plate was positively of our
Linnean B. bipinnata.
2 Other authors have commonly regarded this species as native to the United
States, whence introduced elsewhere. The characteristic and quite individual
aspect found in much of the Asiatic material, an aspect that has persisted through
specimens collected many years apart (and has occasioned the employment of
separate specific names), leaves no doubt, however, that eastern Asia has been a
home to this species since prehistoric times.
368 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
sheets); A. Autheman 2217, Martiques, Dept. Bouches du Rhone,
France, September, 1889 (Berl.; Boiss.; Del.; Mus. V.); C. F. Baker
8, Auburn, Alabama, September 20, 1896 (N.Y.); R. Baron 99,
Madagascar (Kew); H. C. Benke 236, Hutchinson, Kansas, Octo-
ber 5, 1918 (Field) ; Biroli, ex herb, of (sub nom. B. fervida Hort. Er-
furt, in herb. Collae, Tur., 2 sheets); F. Bracht, sterile fields, Verona,
Italy (Mun.; Mus. V.); T. S. Brandegee, Sierra de la Laguna, Lower
California, Mexico, October 4, 1899 (Calif.; N.Y.); J. R. Churchill,
Bay-Head, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, August 24, 1892 (Gray);
A. H. Curtiss, Bedford Co., Virginia, September, 1867 (Can.); idem
1499, dry, fertile soil, near Jacksonville, etc., Florida, September
(Berl., 2 sheets; Boiss.; Brit.; Carn.); idem 4490, near Jacksonville,
Florida, October 11, 1893 (N.Y.) ; idem 5221, eodem loco, October 1,
1894 (Mus. V.; N.Y.); idem 6013, cultivated ground, eodem loco,
October 5, 1897 (Del., 2 sheets; Gray; Kew; U .V '.) ; Bretschneider 385
and 386, Peking, Prov. Chi-li, China (Kew); idem 387, eodem loco
(Berl.); John Bright, Glenshaw, Pennsylvania, September 5, 1912
(Cam.); J. B. Brinton, Wawa, Pennsylvania, August 29, 1888
(Penn.); S. W. Bushell, near Peking, Prov. Chi-li, China (Kew);
W. M. Canby, "everywhere," Wilmington, Delaware (Can.); C. B.
Clark 22115A, alt. 1,800 meters, Dalhousie, Kashmir, British East
India, September 10, 1874 (Brit.}; Lady Dalhousie, alt. 2,250 meters,
Simla, Himalayan region, British East India, September 3, 1831
(Kew); John Davis 8, New Albany, Indiana, September 15, 1909
(Mo.; forma fructibus iarcuatis B. Cynapiifoliae adpropinquans) ;
C. Dawson 382, Valparaiso, Chile (Kew) ; De Sardagna, Trent, Tyrol
(U.V.); L. H. Dewey 523, neglected lawn, Mt. Pleasant, District of
Columbia, September 2, 1901 (Can.; Gray; Phila.); T. Drummond,
St. Louis, Missouri, 1832 (Kew) ; idem 192, eodem loco (Kew) ; G.
A. Eifrick, Cumberland, Maryland, August (Carn.); Adolph Engler,
above Mori (Tyrol) at foot of Monte Baldo, Italy, July, 1870
(Berl.); P. Eugene, Drome, France, June, 1871 (U.V.);F. Evrard 154,
road from Saigon, mangrove 10 km. from the Cape, French Indo-
China, October 21, 1820 (Calif.) ; D. Facchini 2040, Bozen (Botzen)
and Roveredo and above Mori at Lake Garda, Tyrol (Berl.; Carn.;
Gray; Mus. V.; Par.): Urbain Faurie 768, central Corea, Sep-
tember 4, 1901 (Berl.); idem 1053, fields, Seoul, Corea, September,
1906 (Brit.); Andrea Fiori 382, alt. 23 meters, about Lake Superior,
Mantua (Mantova), Italy, September 20, 1904 (Gray; Kew; U.V.);
A. Fredholm 5991, waste ground, Okeechobee region, Brevard Co.,
Florida, September 9, 1903 (Gray); C. A. Geyer 47 and 529, Cahokia
THE GENUS BIDENS 369
River, vicinity of East St. Louis, Illinois, September, 1841 (Mus.V.);
H. A. Gleason 814, rich woods, Windsor, Illinois, August 30, 1899
(Gray) ; Asa Gray, Florida (Del., 2 sheets) ; J. M. Greenman 250,
bank of Blackwater River, Hendricks, West Virginia, September 10,
1904 (Field); G. Gutteriberg, vicinity of Wheeling, West Virginia,
September, 1878 (Carn.); Hoisted 35, New Brunswick, New Jersey,
June, 1891 (N.Y.); A. A. Heller, Conestoga River, Lancaster Co.,
Pennsylvania, September 6, 1901 (Del.); J. M. Hildebrandt 3380a,
among grass, Ambohitsi, Amber Mts., northern Madagascar, March,
1880 (Berl., 2 sheets; Kew; Mus.V.); A. S. Hitchcock 736, open
ground, Allen Co., Kansas, 1896 (Gray; Mo.; U.V.); Holz, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, 1831 (Mus. V.); J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson, Khasia,
British East India (Gray); ex Hort. Cliff ortiano (Brit.); H. D.
House 4003, alt. 1,200 meters, Pisgah Forest, Looking-glass Moun-
tain, North Carolina, September 3, 1908 (Gray); M. E. Hyams,
Statesville, North Carolina (Carn.); J. F. Joor, Lafourche Parish,
Louisiana, September 19, 1872 (Field); H. D. Keeler, vicinity of
Mayport and Jacksonville, Florida, 1870-1876 (Carn.); Kerner, abun-
dant at Mori, Tyrol (U.V.); idem, Bozen (Botzen), Tyrol (U.V.);
Koch, ditches near Bozen, Tyrol, 1828 (Del.); Kotschy 79, at eastern
foot of Mt. Arasch-Cool, Kordofan, September 30, 1839 (type
collection of Bidens Kotschyi Schz. Bip. ex Walp.; Berl., 2 sheets;
Del., 3 sheets; Mo.; Mun., 2 sheets; Mus. V.; Par.; U.V.);
idem 91, eodem loco, August, 1837 (Kew, 2 sheets; Mus. V.); A. B.
Langlois, along fences in rich soil, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, July,
1882 (Barn.);LeW(md 330, French Guiana, 1792 (Del.); Lindheimer,
Houston, Texas, October, 1842 (Gray; Kew); C. D. Lippencott,
Swedesboro, New Jersey, September 10, 1892 (Phila.); J. C. Liu 1306,
Prov. Chi-li, China, August 27, 1927 (Calif.) ; idem 1349, Wofossu,
Western Hills, Prov. Chi-li, August 30, 1927 (Calif. ; nom. Sinorum,
Kui Chen Ts'ao) ; F. E. Lloyd 162, flats, Hacienda de Cedro, Zacate-
cas, Mexico, 1908 (U.S.); idem & S. M. Tracy 542, Biloxi, Mississippi,
September 5, 1900 (N.Y.); Bayard Long 6912, Westville, New Jer-
sey, September 22, 1911 (Phila.); Alexander MacElwee 1902, damp,
shaded places near Overbrook, Pennsylvania, September 3, 1900
(Carn.) ; J. M. Macfarlane, Holly Beach, New Jersey, September 12,
1907 (Penn.); E. E. Maire, gardens, alt. 2,500 meters, plain of Tong-
tchouan (Tong-tschwan), Prov. Yun-nan, China, September, 1912
(Del.; forma B. biternatae var. glabratae adpropinquans) ; B. Matthes
295, Kentucky (Mus. V.); G. 0. A. Malme 1456a, Quinta near Rio
Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, April 4, 1902 (Stockh.); W. R.
370 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Maxon 5966, moist bank by canal, near Cabin John, Maryland,
October 10, 1912 (U.S.); Marie Meislahn 69, Clarcona, Florida,
September 25, 1899 (U.S.); E. D. Merrill 4308, Bued River, Prov.
Benguet, Luzon, Philippine Isls., October-November, 1905 (Berl.);
H. N. Mertz, Brooke Co., West Virginia, September 27, 1879 (Cam.) ;
C. F. Millspaugh 791, Deckers Creek, Monongalia Co., West Vir-
ginia, September 8, 1890 (N.Y.) ; C. J. Moser, Pennsylvania, August,
1832 (Mus. V.);G. V. Nash 2495, Lake City, Florida, August 29-31,
1895 (Berl.; Del.; Field; Kew; Petrop.; U.V.); Noe, Fiume, Italy
(U.V.); Pailane 558, Cape St. Jacques, Cochin China, October 17,
1919 (Del.); Edward Palmer 782, the market, Zacatecas, State of
Zacatecas, Mexico, 1898 (Gray); R. Pampanini, Conegliano, Vene-
tia, Italy, September, 1903 (Flor.); A. S. Pease 8645, waste ground,
alt. 275 meters, Bozen (Botzen), Tyrol, November 7, 1905 (Gray);
Charles Pickering, near Bombay, India, 1844-1845 (Phila.; forma
Bidenti biternatae adpropinquans) ; Eduard Poeppig, wet places,
Tuscarora Mt., Pennsylvania, September, 1824 (Del., 2 sheets;
Mus. V., 3 sheets); C.L. Pollard 688, Rock Creek, vicinity of Wash-
ington, District of Columbia, September 15, 1895 (U.S.); T. C.
Porter, Easton, Pennsylvania, October 3, 1887 (Field) ; G. N. Potanin,
northern part of Prov. Szetschuan (Sze-chuan), China, July 14, 1885
(Berl.); idem, valley of River Toiho below Yhepu, Prov. Szetschuan,
July 17, 1885 (N.Y.); idem, near Naitiha, Prov. Szetschuan, Sep-
tember 11, 1885 (Mus. V.); (C.G. Pringle 534, from near Chihuahua,
September 6, 1885, was formerly referred to this species but is now
seen to be B. leptocephala;} Rafinesque, Cumberland Mts., Tennessee,
etc., 1823 (Del., sub nom. Bidente bipinnatifida) ; J. Reverchon
2075, shaded ground, Dallas, Texas, September 13, 1900 (U.S.); 1
P. H. Rolfs 335, cultivated grounds, Lake City, Florida, September
14, 1894 (Field); F. Rugel, in ruderal places near Portsmouth,
Virginia, September, 1840 (Del.; Mus. V.); idem, valley at Broad
River, North Carolina, July, 1841 (Del.); idem 257, Florida, 1845
(Gray; U.S.); A. Ruth, damp soil, Knoxville, Tennessee, August, 1895
(Field); idem 600, rich woods, eodem loco, September, 1898 (N.Y.);
P. A. Rydberg 8212, Roan Mt. Station, Tennessee, August 28, 1908
(N.Y.); Matth. Schreiber, St. Anton, near Bozen, Tyrol, September
20, 1909 (Mus. V.); idem 5091, banks of Talfer Brook, Gries near
Bozen, Tyrol, September, 1908 (Berl.; Del., 2 sheets; Mun.; Mus.
V.; Par.; U.V., 2 sheets); J. A. Shafer, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
1 Here may be noted F. A. Rogers 25123, alt. 1,500 meters, Premier Mine,
Pretoria, Transvaal (Kew), a form intermediate between B. bipinnata and B.
biternata and possibly a hybrid.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCVI
BIDENS EXIGUA Sherff (figs, o-t)
BIDENS DURANGINENSIS Sherff (figs, j-q)
OP THE
Of
THE GENUS BIDENS 371
August 16, 1885 (Cam.); C. W. Short 50, banks of Ohio River,
Fernbank, Ohio (Mus. V., 2 sheets); 0. Simony, edge of marshy
brook, plain of Kalansije, Sokotra, January 14, 1899 (Mus. V.);
P. Sintenis 1390, Peri at foot of Mt. Baldo, Italy, October 4, 1881
(Berl.; Del.; Gray; Mun.; Mus. V.; Par.); J. K. Small, northeastern
West Virginia, August 22, 1890 (Field); idem, alt. 630 meters,
vicinity of Marion, Virginia, July 22-August 2, 1892 (Field);
Louise M. Stabler, Port Chester, New York, August 25, 1887 (Gray) ;
P. C. Standley 5373, alt. 900-1,500 meters, near Waynesville, North
Carolina, August 31, 1910 (U.S.); idem 8514, vicinity of Springfield,
Missouri, August 31, 1911 (U.S.) ; idem 8771, shaded bluffs, vicinity
of Turner, Missouri, September 4, 1911 (U.S.); E. S. Steele, roadsides
etc., vicinity of Washington, District of Columbia, September 2,
1896 (Del.; U.V., 2 sheets); G. W. Stevens 2249, Neoslio River near
Miami, Oklahoma, August 24, 1913 (Del.); Stolitzka, alt. 1,200-
3,000 meters, Prov. Kulu, Himalaya, India, September 7-20, 1864
(Mus. V.)',idem, India, 1866 (Mus. V.); R. Strachey & J. E. Winter-
bottom 1, Mohaigari, Kumaon, Himalaya, India, 1848 (Kew);
Tausch, cult, in garden (Lps., 2 sheets, sub nominibus Bidente Cicu-
taefolia Tausch et Bidente Myrrhidifolia Tausch) ; C. W. Swan, Low-
ell, Massachusetts, September 16, 1880 (N. Eng.); C. H. Thompson,
French Village, Illinois, September 23, 1913 (Mo., forma capitulis
gracilioribus, achaeniis paucioribus) ; Diomede Tuezkiewicz, vineyards
at Le Vigan, France, August-September, 1859 (Mus. V.); Tweedie,
Buenos Aires, Argentina (Kew); Wallich 298a, Nepal, India (type
of Bid ens decomposita Wall, ex DC., Del.); idem 3188A, eodem loco
(Brit.); C. Von Hepperger, Bozen (Botzen), Tyrol, 1860 (Gray); idem,
eodem loco, September, 1864 (Mus. V.); Von Kellner, Verona, Italy
(Mus. V.); J. Von Sterneck, Peschiera on Lake Garda, Italy, 1893
(Cop.); Warburg 7844, vicinity of Yokohama, Japan, November,
1887 (Berl.); Rosa B. Watson, Atlanta, Georgia, November, 1881
(Gray); P. J. White 25, Dewey Co., Oklahoma, July 17, 1900 (Mo.);
H. N. Whitford 12, waste places, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Isl.,
New York, August, 1903 (Field) ; E. W. Williams, railroad embank-
ment, Dedham, Massachusetts, October 2, 1898 (Gray); T. W.
Williams, Peking, Prov. Chi-li, China, August, 1876 (Gray); idem
298, on hills, Peking, August, 1865 (Kew; forma B. biternatae adpro-
pinquans); Percy Wilson, vicinity of New York, New York, Sep-
tember 28, 1899 (N.Y.); E. 0. Wooton, Mesilla Valley, Dona Ana
Co., New Mexico, October, 1895 (U.S., 2 sheets); Charles Wright
1234, New Mexico, 1851 (Gray) ; E. C. Wurzlow, damp, sandy soil,
372 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
ditch bank in meadow, west of Houma, Louisiana, August 29,
1913 (N.Y.).
Tausch (loc. cit.) had sought to distinguish among five forms
cultivated in gardens under the name B. bipinnata. He described
each form separately, retaining one as B. bipinnata and creating
new names for the other four. B. Cicutaefolia Tausch and B. Myrrhidi-
folia Tausch each is represented by one of his own cultivated
specimens (Lps.) and is seen to be purely B. bipinnata (vide sub B.
biternata). The meager description of B. tenuifolia Tausch matches
B. bipinnata as far as it goes. A plate cited by Tausch, "Chrysanthe-
mum cannabinum etc. Moris. Hist. 3: tab. 7, fig. 23," is of B.
bipinnata and is so treated by DeCandolle (Prodr. 5: 603. 1836) and
0. E. Schulz (Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl. : 183. 1914). At Leipsic I failed
to find an authentic specimen of B. tenuifolia. B. elongata Tausch
appears likewise unrepresented by an authentic specimen to-day,
but the description given by Tausch, as also his context, leaves no
doubt as to the identity of B. elongata with B. bipinnata. The
various specimens examined of Kotschy 79, the basis of Bidens
Kotschyi, show mostly a variant of B. bipinnata in the direction of
B. biternata var. glabrata; indeed, that at Kew (not the type) is very
clearly B. biternata var. glabrata.
J. D. Hooker (loc. cit.) reduced B. bipinnata to varietal rank
under B. pilosa, a treatment not generally accepted by botanists since
then. True it is that Trimens (Fl. Ceyl. 3: 41. 1895) and also Th.
Cooke (Fl. Bombay Pres. 2: 44. 1904) regarded Hooker's "variety"
as "scarcely worth distinction" from B. pilosa. But this was before
the researches of 0. E. Schulz had placed B. pilosa, B. biternata,
and B. bipinnata upon a firm footing as to definite fruiting and
foliage characters. 1
Of Bidens bipinnata var. minor Memm. I have seen no authentic
material. Memminger's description ("Very delicate, small, 10 cm.
high, in dense shade on rocks"), however, leaves little doubt that
1 Cooke expressly cited Trimens' conclusion, agreeing with it. Trimens, in
turn, doubtless was influenced by Hooker's grouping of B. bipinnata under B.
pilosa. In view of the superficially intermediate leaves of B. biternata (B. Wal-
lichii), a species very common in British East India, but erroneously equated by
Hooker with B. bipinnata, it was only natural that Trimens should have felt that
B. bipinnata equaled B. pilosa. Had he studied the fruiting characters as did
O. E. Schulz later, he would have concluded otherwise. Curiously enough, Hooker,
in publishing his work, relied here upon the erroneous treatment by C. B. Clarke
(Comp. Ind. 141), as stated elsewhere (vide sub B. biternata). Clarke, at a later
date, realized his own error and stated (on herb, label for H. Collett 816, Kew) that
"B. Wallichii DC. [i.e. B. biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff] has the ray yellow (and
smaller) as well as different leaves and is a good species. C. B. Clarke. May 1894."
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate XCVII
BIDENS PARVIFLORA Willd. (figs, a-g)
BIDENS LEMMONII Gray (figs, h-n)
THE GENUS BIDENS 373
the name was applied to plants that were mere temporary dwarfs
because of conditions of the habitat.
Bidens bipinnata var. /3. biternatoides Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 90: 397. 1930.
Folia pinnata foliolis lateralibus 3-4-jugis, imis tripartitis seg-
mentis lanceolatis ceteris simplicibus lanceolatisque. Capitula dis-
coidea vel subradiata. Involucri bracteae exteriores superne sensim
vel interdum fere subabrupte dilatatae. Achaenia 2-aristata.
Type specimen: Collected by Elmer Ottis Wooton, at altitude of
1,170 meters, in cultivated land, Las Cruces, New Mexico, October,
1895 (N.Y.).
Distribution: New Mexico and western Texas.
Specimens examined: Wooton, Las Cruces, New Mexico (type,
N.Y.); Charles Wright 345, western Texas, 1849 (Del.).
In its slightly dilated outer involucral bracts this variety makes
an approach toward Bidens pilosa L. The general aspect of the
plant is at once that of the South American B. subalternans DC. and
of the Old World B. biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff, from both of
which it differs sharply in its achenes.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE LXXXIX, FIGS. l-S
Bidens bipinnata: I, fruiting specimen, X0.67; m, exterior involu-
cral bract, X4.02; n, interior involucral bract, X4.02; o, ray corolla,
X4.02; p, palea, X4.02; q, disc floret, X4.02; r (outer), s (inner),
achenes. X2.68; all from Curtiss 1499, in Hb. Field.
116. Bidens cylindrica Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 81: 28. 1926.
PL XCI, figs. g-l.
Bidens pilosa var. pauciflora O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl.
186. 1914 (nomen).
Herba gracilis, erecta, 4-7 dm. alta; caule tetragono, glabro,
ramoso, circ. 2-3 mm. diametro. Folia petiolata petiolis tenuibus
1-5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto principalia 5-13 cm. longa, pinnatim
3-5-partita foliolis lanceolatis vel lateralibus ovatis, membranacea,
serrata dentibus acriter apiculatis, margine ciliata, faciebus glabrata
vel sparsissime adpresso-pilosa. Capitula ramos tenues plerumque
nudos usque ad 13 cm. longos terminantia, plerumque subradiata,
ad anthesin 4-5 (rarius -10) mm. alta et 3.5-4.5 (rarius -7) mm. lata,
saepe cylindrica. Involucri bracteae exteriores 6-8, lineares, apicem
versus saepius angustatae, apice acutae, margine piloso-ciliatae,
374 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
faciebus glabrae vel sparsim hispidae, 3-8 mm. longae et 0.3-1 mm.
latae; interiores lanceolatae, apice subacutae, paulo vel interdum
multo longiores. Flores ligulati rudimentarii, albidi vel rosaceo-
albidi, oblongo-obovati, apice subtruncati et circ. 3-dentati. Achaenia
6-12, linearia, tetragona, atra, glabra vel exteriora saepe hispida,
corpore 1.2-1.6 mm. longa et 0.5-0.8 mm. lata, bi- vel triaristata
aristis moderate tenuibus retrorsum hamosis 2.5-4 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Menyhart, No. 1110, not abundant,
in shady places at St. Joseph, Boruma (Mburuma; Boroma; about
400-500 kilometers above Tete on Zambesi River), Northern Rho-
desia, April, 1892 (U.V.).
Distribution: From Boruma, Northern Rhodesia, southwestward
up the Zambesi River to the District of Sebungwe (Sebungu),
Southern Rhodesia; also north-northwestward to the Tschari
(Schari, Shari, Chari) River, Tschad (Tchad, Chad) Lake region,
some 3,000 kilometers distant.
Specimens examined: Aug. Chevalier 2816, along the Tschari
River, Tschad Lake region, Sudan, October 26, 1899 (Berl.); F.
Eyles (cult, e seminibus ab R. W. Jackio lectis, alt. 750 meters, Distr.
Sebungwe, Southern Rhodesia, November, 1920; Kew); ex Hort.
Vindobon. (cult, e seminibus Menyhartii numeri 1110; U.V., 2 sheets) ;
Menyhart 1110. (type, U.V.) ; Walter Robyns 2004, alt. 930 meters,
border of sandy beach of Lake Moero, Pweto, Belgian Congo, April
18, 1926 (Bruss.; nom. indig., Kasokopia).
The Chevalier specimen listed had been determined by 0. E.
Schulz as his Bidens Engleri, and in fact was cited by him, as was
also the nomen B. pilosa var. pauciflora, for that species at the
time of his original description (Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl.: 186. 1914).
Recently, I have been privileged to study not only Schulz's type of
B. Engleri (Berl.), but also excellent specimens of duplicate material
(Boiss.; Mus. V., etc.). These all agree in having plants of low
stature (2-3 dm. high), the leaves practically all undivided, the
heads discoid; the exterior involucral bracts only about 3 or 4,
spatulate, serrulate-ciliate, 1-2 mm. long; the inner bracts 2-5 times
as long, often rounded at apex; the'achenes all glabrous, parallel-
sided through most of their length and thus oW
BIDENS BITERNATA var. GLABRATA f. ABYSSTNICA (Schz. Bip.) Sherff
OF THfc
am EUITY w IUWOB
THE GENUS BIDENS 379
56:494. 1913; ibid. 64: 30. 1917), Greene's error consisted in compar-
ing the plant with the wrong species and then founding a new species
upon the points of dissimilarity. His type material (0. B. Metcalfe
1436) is merely a low, rather much branched form of Bidens tenuisecta
Gray, with the type of which it is connected by a number of the
specimens cited above.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCIII
Bidens tenuisecta: a, b, fruiting specimens, X0.66; c, d, exterior
involucral bracts, X3.94; e, f, interior involucral bracts, X3.94; g,
ray corolla, X3.94; h, i, paleae, X3.94;;, k, disc florets, X5.91; I and
m (outer), n and o (inner), achenes; a, d, f, g, i, k, m, o, from type;
b, c, e, h, j, I, n, from Metcalfe 1436 (cotype of Bidens cognata Greene),
in Hb. Field.
119. Bidens straminoides Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.
22: 706. 1935.
Herba annua, gracillima, 6-9 dm. alta, caule simplici aegre
angulato glabro nonnullis internodiis 1-1.5 dm. longis. Folia petio-
lata petiolis usque ad 1 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto tantum 2-3.5 cm.
longa, plus minusve bipinnata, infra valde supra sparsim tomentoso-
hispida, segmentis ultimis oblongis vel (superiorum) filiformibus.
Capitula pauca (3), subcorymbose ad caulis apicem disposita
pedicellis subsparsim pilosis subtenuibus 3-5 cm. longis, forsitan
discoidea, demum circ. 1.4 cm. lata. Involucri bracteae subaequales
extrinsecus pilis gracillimis albidis longis hispidae, exteriores circ.
4-6 elongato-lineares acutae circ. 5-7 mm. longae; interiores oblongo-
ovatae. Flores ligulati non visi. Paleae nunc late nunc anguste
oblongae, apice plus minusve obtusae. Achaenia atra, plana, lineari-
oblonga, supra rarius angustata, marginibus ventreque valde tergo
pluristriato aegre erecto-setosa setis e tuberculis ortis, corpore 7-8
mm. longa et 0.6-0.8 mm. lata, apice erecte setosa et biaristata
aristis brunneis antrorso-hispidulis circ. 0.6-0.8 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by H. Scaetta, No. 2272, at altitude
of about 1,850 meters, Mt. Bohanga, Ruanda District, German East
Africa (Mus. Cong., 2 sheets).
Distribution: Ruanda District, German East Africa.
Specimens examined: Scaetta 2272 (2 type sheets, Mus. Cong.).
The stems are especially elongate, nudate, and mostly less than
2 mm. thick, appearing when dry, therefore, more or less like straws.
Apparently closest to Bidens paupercula, which differs in having
more elongate achenial bodies, retrorsely barbed aristae, etc.
380 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
120. Bidens paupercula Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 76: 158,
pi. 12, figs. a-g. 1923. PI. XCIV.
Bidens ciliata DeWild. Repert. Sp. Nov. 13: 203. 1914 (non B. cili-
ata Hoffmgg. ex Fisch. et Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 6: 46.
1839).
Herba annua, erecta, saepe gracillima; caule subtetragono sim-
plici vel ramoso, 2-8 dm. alto, caule ramisque mine glabris nunc
infra valde supra debiliter piloso-scabridis. Folia petiolata petiolis
saepe alatis 0.8-4.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2-10 cm. longa, pin-
nata vel interdum bipinnatisecta; foliolis 3 vel 5, anguste linearibus
vel etiam filiformibus, acutis, minute denticuloso-ciliatis et saepe
sparse hispidis, 0.2-1.8 mm. latis et usque ad 5 cm. longis. Capitula
tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis 8-13 cm. longis, ad anthesin minima,
pansa circ. 7 mm. lata et 6 mm. alta, subradiata. Involucri bracteae
exteriores 4-9, reflexae vel reflexo-patentes, lineares, glabrae vel
saepius setoso-ciliatae, apice acutae, primum (ad anthesin) circ. 2
mm. demum circ. 5-8 mm. longae; interiores lanceolatae, subglabrae
vel apice saepe pubescentes, saepe paulo breviores. Flores ligulati
rudimentarii, lutei, lineares, circ. 4-5 mm. longi. Achaenia (circ.
8-15 in unico capitulo) recta, anguste linearia, obcompressa, exalata,
supra medium sensim usque vel fere ad apicem angustata, atra vel
atro-brunnea, adpresse erecto-setosa, utrinque manifeste 8-sulcata,
corpore 1-2.2 cm. longa et 0.5-1.2 mm. lata, apice erecte setoso saepe
dilatata et semper biaristata aristis tenuibus retrorsum hamosis
1.2-2.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by Ad. Stolz, No. 1442, in forest at
altitude of 900 meters, Kyimbila, Nyassaland, July 22, 1912 (Berl.,
2 sheets).
Distribution: Nyassaland to southeastern Belgian Congo.
Specimens examined: J. Bequaert 302, Elisabethville, Katanga,
Belgian Congo, April 4, 1912 (Bruss., 2 type sheets of B. ciliata
DeWild.); F. A. Rogers 10956, Elisabethville, Katanga, May, 1914
(Rog.); Stolz 1442 (type, Berl., 2 sheets: cotypes, Cop.; Del.; Mun.;
Mus. V.).
Unlike most other African species of Bidens, this possesses close
affinities with B. bipinnata L. and B. parviflora Willd. The type
specimens were small plants, but the cotypes and other specimens
later examined were much larger and better developed. From these
and also from the more robust material collected by Rogers in the
type locality, the original description has been amplified. B. ciliata
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany. Vol. XVI, Plate CI
V
in n
BIDENS ANDICOLA var. COSMANTHA f. BUCHT1ENII SherfT (figs, a-g)
BIDENS PSEUDOCOSMOS Sherff (figs, h-n)
'J.BRMK
Of THfc
Of IllMttl
THE GENUS BIDENS 381
DeWild. belongs here, but its name is dropped because of the earlier
homonym B. ciliata Hoffmgg.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCIV
Bidens paupercula: a (fruiting) and h (flowering and fruiting)
specimens, X0.63; 6, k, exterior involucral bracts, X3.75; c, I, interior
involucral bracts, X3.75; d, ray corolla, X3.75; e, m, paleae, X2.5;
/, n, disc florets, X3.75; g, o, achenes, X2.5; i, more highly divided,
lower leaf, X0.63; j, small portion of stem, enlarged to show shape
and pubescence, Xl.88; a-g, from type; h-o, from Bequaert 302 (2
type sheets of Bidens ciliata DeWild.), in Hb. Bruss.
121. Bidens heterosperma Gray, PI. Wright. 2: 90. 1853.
PI. XCV, figs. i-o.
Herba annua, gracilis, erecta, glabrata, 3-6 dm. alta, paniculato-
ramosa; caule ramisque tenuissimis, plus minusve tetragonis. Folia
petiolata petiolis 0.3-1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2-5 cm. longa,
1- vel 2-ternato-partita, interdum inconspicue denticulato-ciliata ;
foliolis paucorum inferiorum juniorumque linearibus, 1-2 mm. latis,
integris; foliolis reliquorum lineari-filiformibus, 0.5-1 mm. latis,
integris. Capitula discoidea vel rariter subradiata ligulis flavis
angustisque (circ. 4 mm. longis), pedunculata pedunculis tenuissimis
1-5 (-10) cm. longis; ad anthesin cylindrico-turbinata, tantum 3.5-5
mm. alta et 2-3 mm. lata. Involucrum sparsim hispidum vel sub-
glabratum; bracteis exterioribus 3-5, anguste linearibus, demum
3-5 mm. longis, quam interioribus elliptico-lanceolatis paulo breviori-
bus. Flores tubulosi pauci (plerumque 8-13), tantum circ. 1.5 mm.
longi, 3 (rariter -5)-lobati. Achaenia linearia, glabra, tetragona vel
tantum trigona, biaristata vel raro triaristata, plerumque nigra;
interiora supra attenuata, 7-12 mm. longa, aristis 1-2.2 mm. longis;
exteriora crassa, clavata, saepe rugosa, breviora, aristis brevibus
saepe caducis.
Type specimen : Cultivated in 1852 at Cambridge, Massachusetts,
from seed obtained in 1851 near the Copper Mines in New Mexico
by Charles Wright (Gray, 2 sheets).
Distribution: Arizona and southernmost Colorado southward
to the Territory of Baja California, and the states of Sonora and
Chihuahua, Mexico.
Specimens examined : J. C. Blumer 3351, alt. 1,800 meters, open,
eroding gravel slope, Manning Trail, Rincon Mts., Arizona, Sep-
tember 13, 1909 (Berl.; Gray) ; Miss L. L. Donnelly, alt. 1,830 meters,
382 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
Cananea, Sonora, September 1, 1909 (Calif.); E. L. Greene 461, Pinos
Altos Mts., New Mexico, September 16, 1880 (Kew); F. H. Knowl-
ton 157, alt. 2,520 meters, Walker Lake, San Francisco Mt., Arizona,
September 1, 1889 (Gray) ; J. B. Leiberg 5893, alt. 2,000 meters, near
Kendrick Mts., Arizona, August 27, 1901 (U.S.); J. G. Lemmon,
Ramsey's Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Arizona, September, 1882 (Calif.) ;
E. A. M earns 2218 pro parte, canyon, east side of San Luis Mts.,
Chihuahua, September 11, 1893 (U.S.; cf. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.
56, No. 1: 89, stat. 18. 1907); G. C. Nealley 220, alt. 2,250 meters,
Rincon Mts., Arizona, 1891 (U.S.); C. G. Pringle 1288, foothills of
the Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, September 24, 1887 (Boiss.; Field;
Kew; Mo.; Phila.; U.V.); idem 1289, rocky hills near Guerrero,
Chihuahua, September 12, 1887 (Berl.; Boiss.; Field; Kew; Phila.);
idem 1637, base of Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, October 8, 1888 (Berl.;
Brit.; Calif.; Del.; Mun.; Mus. V.; U.V., 2 sheets); idem 11487*4
alt. 2,400 meters, lava fields near Eslaba, Federal District, Mexico,
September 17, 1903 (Berl.; Kew) ; Ira L. Wiggins & D. Demaree 4882,
alt. 2,200 meters, under pines about margins of meadow, La Encan-
tada, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico, September
18, 1930 (Stanf.) ; (ex seminibus lectis a) Charles Wright, New Mexico,
1851 (et cult, in Horto Cantabriginensi, 1852; type material, Gray,
2 sheets).
.EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCV, FIGS, i-o
Bidens heterosperma: i, flowering and fruiting specimen, X0.7; ;',
exterior involucral bract, X3.5; k, interior involucral bract, X3.5; I,
palea, X3.5; m, disc floret, X3.5; n (outer), o (inner), achenes, X3.5;
all from one (my No. "II" on sheet) of two type sheets.
122. Bidens exigua Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 70: 89, pi. 11, figs. a-/'. 1920.
PL. XCVI, figs. a-i.
Herba annua, usque ad circ. 4.5 dm. alta; caule ramisque tenuis-
simis, glabratis, striatis. Folia petiolata petiolis 0.5-2 cm. longis,
petiolo adjecto 3-5 cm. longa, membranacea, glabra, bipinnata;
foliolis 3 vel 5, saepius 3-5-partitis; lobis linearibus, integris, subob-
tusis, infirme apiculatis. Capitula pauca, discoidea vel subradiata,
pauciflora, tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis 2-5 cm. longis, ad
anthesin 5-6 mm. longa et infra 1.5-2 mm. supra 2-3 mm. lata;
cum fructibus usque ad 1.6 cm. longa et usque ad 0.5 (rariter ad 1) cm.
lata. Involucrum basi sparsim hispid am vel glabratum; bracteis
exterioribus 4-7, linearibus, 2-3 mm. longis, ciliatis, ad faciem glabris
vel pubescentibus, ad apicem induratis; interioribus dimidio longi-
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CII
BIDENS PILOSA L. (figs, a, 6, e-j); var. MINOR (Bl.) Sherff (figs, c, d, k-r)
THE GENUS BIDENS 383
oribus, glabratis, lanceolatis, striatis, margine diaphanis. Achaenia
linearia, tetragona, glabra vel supra ad angulos remote hispida, atra,
facie unaquaque 2-sulcata, corpore 8-14 mm. longa, bi- vel triaristata,
aristis usque ad 3 mm. longis, retrorsum hamosis hamis tenuibus.
Type specimen: Collected by Charles H. T. Townsend, No. 1513,
at altitude of 1,607 meters, in Chosica Canyon, Peru, April 20,
1913 (U.S.).
Distribution: Central and southern Peru, near the coast, and
southeastward into northern Argentina.
Specimens examined : J. F. Macbride 2873, alt. about 900 meters,
dry, sandy, rocky slope, Chosica, Peru, March 11-13, 1923 (Field) ;
idem 3209, alt. about 2,100 meters, stony slopes, shale and gravel,
Huanuco, Peru, April 5-8, 1923 (Field ); Ludwig Savatier 570, Matu-
cana, Peru, April 22, 1877 (Par.); F. Schickendantz 16, Yacatula
(near Bele"n), Prov. Catamarca, Argentina, December, 1879 (Berl.,
ex herb. Hieronymi; nom. vernac., amor seco); Townsend 1513
(type, U.S.); A. Weberbauer 5293, alt. 1,500-1,600 meters, San
Bartolome", Peru, April 4, 1910 (Berl.); idem 7401, alt. 2,200-2,300
meters, open, mixed formation, Torata, Prov. Moquegua, Peru,
March 17-18, 1925 (Field).
Related to Bidens subalternans through the latter's var. simulans,
which in doubtful cases seems best distinguished by its broader
leaf divisions.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCVI, FIGS. 0,-i
Bidens exigua: a, entire young flowering plant, X0.57; b, sub-
fruiting head, X0.57; c, d, exterior involucral bracts showing varia-
tion in pubescence, X4.56; e, interior involucral bract, X4.56;
/, palea, X4.56; g, disc floret, X4.56; h (outer), i (inner), achenes,
X4.56; all from type.
123. Bidens parviflora Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 848. 1809.
PL XCVII, figs, a-flf.
Bidens macrosperma H. G. ex Fischer, Cat. Jard. PL Razoum.
Gorenki 59. 1808; ed. 2. 37. 1812 (nomen).
Bidens pauciflora Poir. in Lam. & Poir. Diet. Bot. Suppl. 1: 630.
1810.
Bidens multifida Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. ed. 3. 186. 1829; nomen.
Bidens Messerschmidii Turcz. ex DC. Prodr. 5: 602. 1836.
Herba annua, erecta, glabrata vel hinc inde sparsim hispida,
gracilis vel rarius subrobusta, 2-7 dm. alta. Folia petiolata petiolis
384 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
0.5-2.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 4-13 cm. longa, 2-3-pinnata,
segmentis linearibus vel oblongo-linearibus, membranaceis, subacriter
calloso-apiculatis, marginibus involutis obsolete ciliatis, 1-4 (rarius
-8) mm. latis. Capitula tenuiter pedunculata pedunculis plerumque
circ. 4-6 cm. longis, discoidea, ad anthesin cylindrica, 7-10 mm. alta
et circ. 3 mm. lata. Involucri bracteae exteriores circ. 5, lineares,
acutae et indurato-apiculatae, tergo subglabrae, margine sparsim
spinuloso-ciliatae, demum reflexo-patentes et 5-11 mm. longae, quam
interiores late oblongo-lineares demum multo breviores. Flores
tubulosi 4-lobati; paleis valde membranaceis, demum elongatis et
corporibus achaeniorum etiam interiorum saepe fere aequalibus.
Achaenia 6-13, odorata (ex Messerschm.), atra, linearia, utrinque
attenuata, plus minusve tetragona, erecto-setosa praecipue supra,
omnino 16-24-striata, corpore 1.5-2 cm. longa et 0.7-1.4 mm. lata,
biaristata aristis erectis, retrorsum hamosis, 2-4 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected at Lake Baikal, Siberia (Willd.).
Distribution: Lake Baikal region of Siberia eastward to Amur
and eastern Manchuria and southward to central China (provinces
of Szetschuan, Hupeh, etc.), Corea, and Japan.
Specimens examined: Anon., Transbaikal region, Siberia (Mus.
V.); anon., Lake Baikal, Siberia (Willd., type); anon., Usuri (Ussuri),
southeastern Manchuria (Berl.; Mus. V.); Bretschneider, Peking,
Prov. Chi-li, China (Berl.); idem 388, Peking (Kew); Y. Chen 701,
alt. 960 meters, Hsien Shan Hsien, western Hupeh, China, September
17, 1926 (Calif.); N. H. Cowdry 895, dry roadsides, Chi-fu (Chefoo),
Prov. Shan-tung, China, June-August, 1920 (Kew); 0. Debeaux 91,
mica schist hills, Chi-fu (Tche-fou), China, September 2, 1860
(Par.); E. Farber, mountains, vicinity of Chi-fu (Tschi-fu), China,
1889 (Berl., 2 sheets; Cop.; Par.; U.V.); Farges 81, China (Par.,
2 sheets); Urbain Faurie 419, common, Fusan, Corea, October 4,
1901 (Berl.; Par.); idem 420, in fields, Chinampo, Corea, September
12, 1901 (Berl.; Brit.; Par.); idem 1052, in fields, Chinampo, Sep-
tember 8, 1906 (Berl.; Brit.); idem 1916, Shinano, Japan, September
15, 1898 (Berl.; Kew; U.V.); Giuseppe Giraldi 272, northern
Shen-Si (Chen-Si), China, September 18, 1891 (Berl.; Flor.); idem
2894, Mt. Ki-fon-San, near Pao-Ki-Scen, northern Shen-Si, October,
1898 (Flor.); idem 2895, In-Kia-pu (In-kio-po), northern Shen-Si,
August, 1896 (Berl.; Flor.); idem 2896, hill near Fu-kio, northern
Shen-Si, June, 1893 (Flor.); idem 2897, hill near Fu-kio, northern
Shen-Si, October, 1894 (Berl.; Flor.); Aug. Henry 2875, Prov. Hupeh,
China, 1885-1888 (Brit.; Gray; Kew; Par.); idem 4791, I-chang,
THE GENUS BIDENS 385
Patung Distr., Prov. Hupeh, China (Kew); idem 7011, Prov. Hupeh,
1885-1888 (Berl., 2 sheets; Gray; Kew); Hugh 24, China, August,
1897 (Brit.); H. E. M. James, Kirin to Tsitsihar, Manchuria,
communic. June, 1887 (Kew); F. Karo (Plantae Amuricae) 160,
Blagowjestschensk (Blagovestchensk), Amur, Siberia, August, 1898
(Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Cop.; Del., 2 sheets; Kew; Mus. V.; Par., 2
sheets); idem 1534, eodem loco, September, 1905 (Brit.); Vladamir
Komarov 1534, near Ta-moudan, Prov. Kirin, Manchuria, September
8, 1896 (Berl.; Brit.; Flor.; Gray; Kew, 2 sheets); idem (similiter
numerat.) 1534, Jalu-dsian River, about Kazami, northern Corea,
September 21, 1897 (Kew) ; 5. Krug 73 and 73a, Forestry Garden,
Tsingtau, Kiao-chau region, Prov. Shan-tung, China, September 15,
19.05 (Berl.); idem 185, Lehis Mts., China, September 15, 1906
(Berl.); idem (Imperial Forestry Office of Tsingtau) 433, Lauschen
Mts., August-September, 1910 (Berl.); J. C. Liu 1413, alt. about
900 meters, hillside, Kalgan, Prov. Chi-li, China, September 9,
1927 (Calif.; nom. Sinorum, Kui chen Ts'ao; hoc nomine Bidens
bipinnata similiter apellatur); Maximowicz (iter secundum), upper
Usuri, southeastern Manchuria, 1860 (Berl.; Boiss.; Brit.; Cop.;
Flor.; Gray; Kew; Mun.; Mus. V.; Par.); Jar din de Montpelier,
specimen cult, e seminibus a Fischero communicatis (itaque pro
Bidente macrosperma Fisch. probabiliter dignum; Del.); Nebel, moun-
tain slopes, Tsingtau, Kiao-chau (Kiautschou) region, Prov. Shan-
tung, China, 1899-1900 (Berl.); 1 G. N. Potanin, in road, Paiho
River below She-pu, northern Szetschuan (Sze-chuan), China, July,
1885 (Par.); idem, Distr. Naitiha, Szetschuan, September 11, 1885
(Kew; Par.); A. Provost 34, Kou-pe'i-Ke'ou, China, September, 1891
(Par., 3 sheets); J. Ross 137, Prov. Sching-King, northern China
(Kew); idem 286, Kaichow to Kinchow, northern China (Kew);
Schottmuller 349, Chi-fu (Chefoo), Prov. Shan-tung, China, August,
1861 (Berl.); ex herb. Schumacheri, cult, in Hort. Hafniae, ann. 1808,
sub nom. B. macrosperma (Cop., 2 sheets); C. Silvestri 2556, Mt.
Ku-cheng (Ku-tcen), alt. 600 meters, Prov. Hupeh, China, July-
August, 1906 (Flor.); idem 2557, Mt. Triora, alt. 1,950 meters,
Prov. Hupeh, China, July 3, 1907 (Flor.); idem 2558, Mt. Kian-
Scian, alt. 2,000 meters, Prov. Hupeh, China, September, 1907
(Flor., 3 sheets); Don Giovanni Tsan, Pouoli, northern Shen-Si,
China (Flor.); George Staunton, China (Del.); idem, between Peking
and Jehol, Prov. Chi-li, China (Brit.); Turczaninow, Transbaikal
1 The "B. chinensis W." specimen from "China" ex Herb. Petrop., cited by
DeCandolle (Prodr. 5: 602. 1836) for B. parviflora, is B. bipinnata L.
386 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
region, Siberia (Kew); idem, on rocks at Selenga and elsewhere,
Transbaikal region, Siberia, 1829 (cum inscript. "Bidens Messer-
schmidii mihi Ammann. descript. pag. 148;" Del., 2 sheets; Oxf.);
idem 1232, iisdem locis, 1831 (Del.); Wawra (Circumnav. H. M.
Frigate Donau) 1232, Chi-fu (Chefoo), Prov. Shan-tung, China,
1868-1871 (Mus. V., 2 sheets); F. W. Williams 16052, Peking,
Prov. Chi-li, China, September, 1867 (Brit.).
A species not easily confused with any other Asiatic species.
Known to Messerschmid as early as 1739 (or earlier), 1 it was not
properly published until 1809. In that year Willdenow gave a technical
description of it, citing as an equivalent the name B. macrosperma
Fisch., which had been published without description in 1808. I
have seen very old-looking sheets of material (e.g., Mus. V.) with
merely the name macrosperma on the label and these match perfectly
the Willdenow specimens (Willd.) of B. parviflora. Poiret's private
specimen of B. pauciflora Poir. (Par.) likewise matches the Willdenow
specimens. Desfontaines' B. multifida was merely a nomen, listed
as being one used at the Paris Botanical Garden, and was equated
by Desfontaines himself with B. pauciflora Poir. Certain very old-
looking sheets of material labeled Bidens multifida Desf., still extant
in herbaria (e.g., Mus. V.) are, furthermore, merely B. parviflora
Willd. Turczaninow's original specimen of his B. Messerschmidii is
in the DeCandpllean Prodromus Herbarium (Del.) and likewise
is B. parviflora Willd.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCVII, FIGS, a-fif
Bidens parviflora: a, fruiting specimen, X0.68; b, exterior invo-
lucral bract, X3.41; c, interior involucral bract, X3.41; d, palea,
X3.41; e, disc floret (4-lobed), X3.41;/, pollen grains, X272; g, achene,
X2.72; a, g, from Poiret's own specimen (type of Bidens pauciflora
Poir.) in hb. Poir. in hb. Moquin-Tandon in hb. Cosson in Hb.
Par. ; b-f, from identical material on the Bernhardi herbarium sheet,
in Hb. Mo.
124. Bidens Lemmonii Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1, pt. 2: 297. 1884.
PI. XCVII, figs. h-n.
Herba annua, gracilis, erecta, glabra, 2-3 dm. alta; caule tenui,
plerumque purpurascenti, paniculato-ramoso. Folia tenuiter petio-
lata petiolis plerumque 0.8-1.7 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2-4 cm.
1 B. Daurica, saxatilis, foliis Apii v. Cicutae magis, flore luteo, nudo, semine
Scandicis instar longissimo, odorato; [etc. ]. . .Messerschmid in Amman. Stirp. Rar.
Imp. Ruthen. Icon, et Descript. 148. 1739.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate GUI
BIDENS PILOSA var. RADIATA Schz. Bip. (figs, a-h)
BIDENS TENERA O. E. Schulz (figs, i-o)
OF THt
UNIVERSITY Of IttWW
THE GENUS BIDENS 387
longa, minute ciliata, irregulariter biternata, segmentis linearibus,
non serratis, apice acutis, plerumque 0.5-1 mm. (in speciminibus
parvis saepe 3.5-4.5 mm.) latis. Capitula discoidea, tenuiter pedun-
culata pedunculis 1-6 (-9) cm. longis; ad anthesin subcylindrica et
tantum 3-5 mm. alta et 1-2 mm. lata (bracteis exterioribus non
inclusis). Involucrum glabratum vel sparsim hispidum; bracteis
exterioribus 3 vel 4, demum tenuiter linearibus, membranaceis,
ciliatis, longissimis (1-2.5 cm.), plerumque foliaceis et saepe irregu-
lariter pinnato- vel etiam bipinnato-partitis (segmentis linearibus);
interioribus demum oblongo-lanceolatis, 6-8 mm. longis. Flores
tubulosi 5-9, tantum circ. 1.5 mm. longi, plerumque 3-lobati.
Achaenia linearia, tetragona, rufo-badia, glabra, corpore 1.2-1.4 cm.
longa, biaristata, interiora supra attenuata; aristis retrorsum hamosis,
circ. 2 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Collected by John Gill Lemmon, Apache Pass
(Fort Bowie) , Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, September, 1881 (Gray) .
Distribution: Southern Arizona southward into Lower (Baja)
California and the State of Mexico, Mexico.
Specimens examined : T. S. Brandegee, Sierra de San Francisquito,
Lower California, October, 1890 (Field; Phila.); idem, La Chuparosa,
Lower California, October 16-17, 1893 (Calif. ; Kew) ; idem, Sierra de
la Laguna, Lower California, October 2, 1899 (Calif. ; Field) ; idem 321,
San Francisquito Mts., Lower California, October 20, 1890 (Calif.);
J. G. Lemmon, Apache Pass (Fort Bowie), Chiricahua Mts., Arizona,
September, 1881 (type, Gray: cotype, Field); idem 334, vicinity of
Fort Huachuca, southern Arizona, 1882 (Gray) ; idem et uxor, Helen's
Dome, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, September, 1881 (Carn.; Brit.;
Calif. ; Kew) ; iidem 334, peak south of Apache Pass, Arizona, Sep-
tember, 1881 (Calif.); C. G. Pringle 6477, alt. 2,550 meters, Sierra
de Ajusco, Federal Distr., Sept. 8, 1896 (Berl., 2 sheets; Boiss.;
Brit.; Calif.; Can.; Del.; Field; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V.; U.V.);
idem 11489, alt. 2,400 meters, lava fields near Eslava, Federal Distr.,
September 17, 1903 (Berl.; Cop.; Field; Kew).
The 3 or 4 outer involucral bracts are very long (1-2.5 cm.),
commonly foliaceous, and often irregularly pinnate- or bipinnate-
parted, this last character being unusual for the genus. Another
exceptional character is the 3-lobed limb of the disc corollas.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCVII, FIGS, h-n
Bidens Lemmonii: h, entire small fruiting plant, X0.68; i, leaf
from larger specimen showing extreme of decompound habit, X0.68;
388 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
j, exterior involucral bract (of simple kind ; the compound kind often
found on this species here omitted), X4.77; k, interior involucral
bract, X4.77; I, palea, X4.77; m, disc floret (atypic in having 4
instead of for this species the usually 3 corolla teeth), X4.77; n,
achene, X2.72; all from type sheet (which bears one small and one
large specimen).
125. Bidens capillifolia Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 24. 1917.
PL XCVIII.
Herba tenuis, annua, +3 dm. alta, ramosa, glabra (vel basibus
ramorum hispida); caule et ramis subteretibus, striatis. Folia
petiolata petiolis 0.6-1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 2-6 cm. longa,
1-2-pinnata; segmentis linearissimis, margine integris, 0.5-1 mm.
latis. Capitula terminalia, discoidea, longe et tenuiter pedunculata,
pedunculis 4-15 cm. longis. Involucrum basi plus minusve setoso-
hispidum; bracteis exterioribus 3-5, linearibus, glabris vel sparsim
hispidis, 6-8 mm. longis, primo discum juvenem multo excedentibus;
interioribus anguste lanceolatis, glabris vel sparsim hispidis, margine
diaphanis, 4-6 mm. longis. Achaenia linearia, tetragona, biaristata
aristis retrorsum hamosis; 1-3 exteriora rufo-badia, sparsim tuber-
culato-hispida, corpore circ. 6 mm. longa; interiora nigra (nisi ad
apicem), elongata, glabra vel supra remote hispida, corpore 9-14
mm. longa.
Type specimen : Collected by Charles Melvin Barber and Charles
Henry Tyler Townsend,, Sierra Madre, State of Chihuahua, Mexico,
July 17, 1899 (U.S.).
Distribution: Known only from type locality of Sierra Madre,
State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Specimens examined: Barber & Townsend, Sierra Madre, Chihua-
hua (type, U.S.).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCVIII
Bidens capillifolia: a, subflowering and fruiting spray, X0.69;
b, exterior involucral bract, X4.16; c, interior involucral bract, X4.16;
d, palea, X4.16; e, disc floret, X5.54;/, achene, X2.77; all from type.
126. Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff in Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 88: 293. 1929. PL XCIX, figs, a and c-^m.
Bidens pilosa L. var. /3. L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 2: 534. 1767; Murray,
Syst. Veg. ed. 13. 610. 1774.
Coreopsis biternata Lour. Fl. Cochinch. ed. 1. 508. 1790; ibid. ed.
2. 622. 1793.
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CIV
BIDENS PILOSA var. BIMUCRONATA (Turcz.) O. E. Schulz (figs, o-i)
BIDENS ACUTICAULIS Sherff (figs, j-r)
OF THt
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
THE GENUS BIDENS 389
Bidens chinensis Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1719 (quoad synonyma et herb.
Willd. num. 15023, fol. 4). 1804.
Bidens peduncularis Gaud. Voy. Freyc. Bot. 464. 1826.
Actinea biternata (Lour.) Spreng. Syst. 3: 474. 1826.
Bidens Wallichii DC. Prodr. 5: 598. 1836.
Bidens Wallichii var. bimensis Miquel, Fl. Nederl. 2: 78 (ex descript.
et patria). 1856.
Bidens pilosa var. /3. Wallichii (DC.) C. B. Clarke, Compos. Ind. 141.
1876.
Bidens pilosa var. /3. discoidea f. 4. subbiternata 0. Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. PI. 1: 322 (quoad pi. Birmam, fide 0. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb.
50, Suppl. 179. 1914). 1891.
Bidens Robertianifolia LeVl. & Vant. in Fedde Repert. Nov. Spec.
8: 140. 1910.
Bidens chinensis f. simplicifolia 0. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 50, Suppl.
181. 1914. 1
Bidens Mayebarai Kitamura, Compos. Nov. Japon. 21. 1931.
Folia foliolis imis plerumque bipinnata; achaeniis corpore demum
0.7-2 cm. longis B. biternata sensu stricto.
Folia rarius bipinnata; achaeniis corpore demum usque ad 2.5 cm.
longis.
Caulis glaber, foliolis plus minusve glabris, involucre plus minusve
piloso var. /3. glabrata sensu stricto.
Caulis pilosus tomentoso-hirtusve, foliolis dense tomentoso-pilosis
vel subhirtis, involucre plerumque dense hirto.
var. glabrata f. 1. abyssinica.
Herba annua, erecta, 0.3-1.5 m. alta; caule tetragono, oliva-
ceo-brunneo, glabro sed ad nodos pilosulo, ramis erecto-patentibus
ramoso. Folia petiolata petiolis pilosulis 1.5-5 cm. longis, petiolo
adjecto 0.5-1.5 dm. longa, membranacea, utrinque disperse pilosa, cili-
ata, serrata, pinnatim partita (rarissime indivisa); foliolo terminal!
oblongo-ovato vel etiam lanceolato, ad apicem acuminate, ad basim
1 We may note also Bidens elevata Solander mss. (PL Nov. Hollandiae vol. 2
in Herb. Brit.). This apparently has never hitherto been published. It is accom-
panied with the synonyms Agrimonia molucca Rumph. Amb. 6. p. 38, pi. 15, fig. 2;
Bidens pilosa 0. , L. Sp. PI. Thus, ex synon., it reduces to B. biternata.
In addition, the following pre-Linnean synonyms are presented, as being of
considerable importance in the nomenclatural history of the species: Chrysanthe-
mum chinense foliis plurifariam divisis Halicacabi peregrini aemulis Pluk. Phytogr.
pi. 22, fig. 4 (excl. synon.). 1691; idem, Almag. Bot. 100 (exd. synon.). 1696; Agri-
monia molucca Rumph. Herb. Amboin. 6: 38, pi. 15, fig. 2. 1750.
390 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
cuneatim angustato, 2-5.5 cm. longo et 1-2 cm. lato; foliolis laterali-
bus 2-4 jugis, terminal! proximis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, breviter
decurrentibus; sequentibus majoribus, breviter petiolulatis; infimis
manifeste petiolulatis, rursus partitis segmentis lateralibus ovatis
sessilibus uni- vel subbijugis. Capitula subradiata, ad anthesin
minuta, 5-7 mm. lata et 4-6 mm. alta, 20-30-flora, pedunculata
pedunculis tenuibus 1-7 cm. longis. Involucrum basi glanduloso-
pilosum; bracteis exterioribus 7-10, anguste linearibus et non superne
spathulato-dilatatis, acutis vel subacutis, hirsutis, 3-6 mm. longis;
bracteis interioribus ovato-lanceolatis vel late ellipticis, sub apice
subito angustatis in apiculum puberulum, marginibus late hyalinis,
plerumque exteriores paulo superantibus. Flores ligulati plerumque
3, albidi, steriles, ligula oblongo-elliptici, apice circ. 3-crenata, circ.
4 mm. longi, nullo stylo. Achaenia linearia, subattenuata, pro
maxima parte nigrescentia, apice aristisque flavido-brunnea, erecta
vel subrecurvata, paleas manifeste superantia, obcompresso-tetra-
gona, glabra vel (praecipue exteriora) superne setis erecto-patentibus
hispida, longitudinaliter omnino 8-sulcata, corpore 0.7-2 cm. longa,
plerumque 4-, raro 3- vel 5-aristata, aristis retrorsum hamosis
lateralibus 2.5-3.5 mm. longis mediis 2-2.5 mm. longis.
Type specimen: Said by Loureiro to have grown in fields near
Canton, China (see text).
Distribution: Widely distributed in the Eastern Hemisphere:
Japan, Corea, and Manchuria, southward through all China to
French Indo-China, Siam, and Malay Peninsula, westward through
British India and Afghanistan to Arabia; Liu-kiu Islands, Chusan
Islands, Philippine Islands, etc.; Malaysia (Borneo, Java, etc.),
Melanesia (Molucca Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, etc.), Polynesia
(Fiji Islands, Tonga or Friendly Islands, etc.); Australia; in Africa
from northernmost German East Africa, southern Sudan and Portu-
guese West Africa south to Natal and German Southwest Africa;
off the African coast (islands of Sokotra, Madagascar, Reunion
[Bourbon], Cape Verde, Madeira, etc.) ; adventive in 1859 in southern
France (Tuezkiewicz 3118).
Specimens examined : J. E. T. Aitchison 660 and 982, open, stony
ground, Shalizan, Kurrum Valley, Afghanistan, 1879 (Boiss.; Gray;
Kew); anon., Tokyo, Japan, October 3, 1893 (U.V. ; nom. japonicum,
sendan-gusa) ; C. A. Backer 18215, alt. 10 meters, Poeger, Java, 1914
(Buit.); idem 20605, Madoera Isl., Dutch East Indies, 1915 (Buit.);
F.Bachmann, Pondoland, southeastern Africa, April, 1888 (Berl.);
idem 1586, eodem loco, 1887-1888 (Berl.); Balansa 910, near
Field Museum of Natural History
Botany, Vol. XVI, Plate CV
1 f
BIDENS PILOSA var. BIMUCRONATA f. ODORATA (Cav.) Sheril
Of
Of
THE GENUS BIDENS 391
Quang-yen, Tonkin (Tongking), French Indo-China, August, 1885
(Par.); Banks & Solander, New Holland (Australia), 1770 (Berl.);
R. Baron, Madagascar (Berl.); J- Bermejos 177 (Bur. Sc. No. 345),
Palawan, Philippine Isls. (Berl.; Man.; U.S.); James Bisset, Yoko-
hama, Japan, October, 1876 (Kew); R. P. Bodinier, Hongkong,
China (Par.); Boivin 155, Reunion, 1846-1852 (Berl.; Boiss.; Del.;
Par.; forma var. glabratae f. abyssinicae adpropinquans) ; ex Bot.
Instil., Science College, Imper. Univ. Tokyo, ex Prov. Musashi, Japan,
September 23, 1885 (U.V.; nom. japonicum, sendan-gusa) ; Bret-
schneider 1887, mountains west of Peking, Prov. Chi-li, China, 1881
(Brit., 2 sheets; forma valde5. bipinnatae adpropinquans); R. Brown
2121, Australia, 1802-1805 (Kew); Burmann 180, Japan (Del.);
R. Buttner 106, San Salvador, Angola, January 8, 1885 (Berl.);
J. Cardoso 95, Cape Verde Isls., 1895 (Kew); L. Chanet 99, Cheng-
ting-fu (Tcheng Ting Fau), Prov. Chi-li, China, September 3, 1905
(Del., 2 sheets) ; Cheo & Wilson 241 (Hb. Univ. Nanking No. 12887),
roadside, Mo Kan Shan, Prov. Che Kiang, China, September 7,
1926 (Gray); Aug. Chevalier 9787, L'Oubangui (Mbanga) and Chari,
Sudan, September 9-10, 1903 (Del.); C. B. Clarke 223745, alt. 1,800
meters, Dalhousie, India, September 13, 1874 (Brit.); idem 248235,
alt. 1,200 meters, Parasnath, India, November 18, 1874 -(Brit.);
Cole 48, Madras, India (Kew); H. Cunning 593, Philippine Isls.
(Berl.); idem 594, eodem loco (Berl.; Brit.; Del.); idem 596, eodem
loco (Mus. V.); Lady Dalhousie, Simla, India, September 2 (Del.);
R. P. David 15, plains of Petcheli and mountains north of Peking,
Prov. of Chi-li, China, 1863 (Par., 3 sheets; forma foliis valde bipin-
natifidis, lobis acutis, B. bipinnatae adpropinquans; forsan hybrida?) ;
idem 21, environs of Peking, 1865 (Par.; forma Davidii numero 15
aequalis); Delavay 603, Tapintze, southern Ten-tchouan, China,
September 7, 1882 (Par.) and September 22, 1887 (Par.); M. &
Mme. Dieterlen 866, Leribe\ Basouto-(Basuto-) land, southeastern
Africa (Berl.); Dinter 11-18, in grassy places, Okanhandja (Okan-
jande), German Southwest Africa, March 19, 1906 (Berl., 2 sheets);
J. R. Drummond 25726, Karnal Jungle, Punjab, India, August 28,
1886 (Kew); idem 25727, Karnal-Ghogripur, Punjab, August 12,
1886 (Kew); Eberhart 2568, Hoi-mit, French Indo-China (Par.);
idem 33386is, Than-moi, Prov. Langson (Lang Son), French Indo-
China (Par.; nom. indig., cay-nu-ao); M. P. Edgeworth, northwestern
India, 1844 (Kew) ; R. Endlich 77a, alt. 1300 meters, Kiboquoto, east-
ern Africa, July, 1909 (Mun.);*dm 557, alt. 1,100 meters, on the Ki-
kafu, Kilimanjaro, German East Africa, August, 1909 (Berl.; Mun.);
392 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XVI
F. Evrard, Tsien, Manchuria, 1891 (Berl., 2 sheets); idem 154, near
Saigon, French Indo-China, October 21, 1920 (Par.); idem 225,
Dalat, French Indo-China (Par.); E.Faber, Shanghai, China, 1886
(Berl., 2 sheets); U. Faurie 2Wbis, wet places, Tamsui, Formosa,
May 22, 1903 (Brit.; Mus. V.); idem 416, common in wet, sandy
places, Corea, July 23, 1901 (Berl.; Brit.; Par.); idem 418, common
in fields of central Corea, September 6, 1901 (Berl.; Par.); idem
845, Korisho, Formosa, March, 1914 (Del.); idem 847, alt. 750
meters, Arisan, Formosa, June, 1914 (Del.); idem 1053, in fields,
Seoul, Corea, September, 1906 (Berl.; Del.); idem 1917, Prov.
Shinano, Japan, September 15, 1898 (Berl.; Kew; U.V.); Fischer 4,
Otjimbingue, Use, German Southwest Africa, 1897 (Berl.); Forster,
Tongatabu (Tongataboo), Tonga Isls. (Kiel, sub nom. Bidente
pilosa Forst. Prodr.); E. E. Galpin 1332, alt. 570 meters, Sheba
Battery, Kaap Valley, Barbarton, Transvaal, March, 1891 (Kew);
Gaudichaud (Voyage of iheBonite), Macao, Prov. Kwang-tung, China,
1836-1837 (Par.); A. Germain 109, Cochin-China (Par.); L. S. Gibbs
2724, British North Borneo, January, 1910 (Kew) ; Giuseppe Giraldi
273, Pe-ling Mts., northwestern China, October, 1894 (Berl.); idem
2899, Ko-tu-pa, southern Shen-si, China, July, 1895 (Berl.); G. W.
Groff, around fruit trees, Sun Ooi, Lai Ngok Village, Canton Delta,
Kwangtung Prov., March 18, 1918 (Calif.; nom. incolarum, Kam
p'un ngan chan) ; H. Hallier, San Ramon, Prov. Zamboanga, Min-
danao, Philippine Isls., February, 1904 (Man.); H. G. Hallier 27,
cult, in Horto Bogoriensi, Buitenzorg, Java, March 27, 1893 (Boiss. ;
Man.); Hana 298, Hongkong, China, (Gray); Harmand, Poulo-
Condor Isls., French Cochin-China, 1875-1877 (Par.); Aug. Henry
388, Prov. Hupeh, China, 1885-1888 (Berl., type ofBidens chinensis
f . simplicifolia 0. E. Schulz) ; idem 2086, alt. 300 meters, Ape's Hill,
Formosa (Kew; forma capitulis foliisque minimis); idem 2491,
Ichang, Patung Distr., Prov. Hupeh, China (Kew; forma foliis
Bidenti segetum subsimilis); idem 2794, Ichang and vicinity,
1885-1888 (Boiss.; Gray; Kew; Par.); idem 8574, Hainan Isl., China,
1889 (Par.); idem 8269, eodem loco, November, 1889 (Berl., 2 sheets;
Boiss., sub num. 8769); ex herb. Heynei 299c, India (Del.); Fr. Hens
286, alt. 480-600 meters, Lutete, Belgian Congo, April 1, 1888
(Boiss.; U.V.); ed. R. F. Hohenacker 276, near Mangalor, India (Del.;
Mus. V.); idem 1355, Khoondas, Nilgiri Hills, India, December
(Del, 2 sheets); C. Hoist 2908, alt. 50 meters, Amboni, Distr. Usam-
bara, German East Africa, June 24, 1893 (Berl., 2 sheets); Em.
Holub, Bechuanaland (Kew); J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson, alt.
